Here you can find romantic lanes and most friendly squirrels!
Neskuchny garden - the «middle» part of the park, which is usually called historical.
It was founded in 1728 when the Nikita Yurievich Trubetskoy bought land on the territory close to Kaluzhskaya Tollgate (currently Gagarin square) from archimandrite Zaikonospasskiy German for 300 rubles.
The construction of Trubetskoy's manor was some sort of a diplomatic move - each weekend, each occasion (especially in summer), Trubetskoy was throwing the parties, balls and celebrations. Most notable, influential and wealthy people were invited. Guests were personally selected by Nikita Yurievich Trubetskoy. Usually the number of guests varied from 100 till 200 guests, but sometimes the figure raised to 300, 400 or even 500 people. Receptions at Trubetskoy's manor were held in quite a standard way and always included dinner, card games, dancing, walks around the garden and galleries and other types of amusements.
It's indeed N.Y. Trubetskoy to whom the Nescuchny Garden gained its popularity in 18th century, primarily thanks to the circles of nobility and major industrialists. Many rich, influential people bought the land here and built their manors. As a result, in the second half of the 18th century on quite a large territory from Krimsky Val to Vorobyovo Village (the contemporary viewing platform) there were over 15 various manors belonged to noble families, that left an imprint on the history of Neskuchny Garden, Moscow and around Russia. The manor's owners and territories were changing quite significantly.
It is considered that the title «Neskutchny» (cheerful) the garden got also thanks to Nikita Trubetskoy. During the receptions the duke gave his personal attention to the activities for the guests so that no one would get boring. This is how the guests started to name the manor «Neskuchnoe» and as a result the garden was also nominated as «Neskuchny».


text:
July 4th, 2010 / 3:19 pm Chloe Cooper Jones —
This is a really great idea. I just bought WONDROUS THINGS I HAVE SEEN by Brandon Brown from Mitzvah Chaps.
July 4th, 2010 / 11:19 am Chloe Cooper Jones —
July 4th, 2010 / 3:32 pm Dan Wickett —
Very cool idea – here's a quick link to a blog post just up celebrating Independents/Independence Day with links to 74 publishes and 74 stores. Now to go make a selection – I think I'm going to look for a chapbook, something handmade, today:
http://emergingwriters.typepad.com/emerging_writers_network/2010/07/happy-independents-day.html
July 4th, 2010 / 11:32 am Dan Wickett —
July 4th, 2010 / 3:49 pm Sean —
What a link!
Thanks, Dan.
July 4th, 2010 / 11:49 am Sean —
Realized I'd ordered and received about half a dozen chapbooks in the past two weeks so I went with Dies: A Sentence by Vanessa Place from Les Figues Press.
July 4th, 2010 / 4:50 pm Ben Spivey —
Thanks for the list Dan.
I ordered Catalpa by Amanda Goldblatt.
July 4th, 2010 / 12:50 pm Ben Spivey —
July 4th, 2010 / 5:44 pm paulb —
Pieces for the Left Hand – J. Robert Lennon (Graywolf)
Betrayed by Rita Hayworth – Manuel Puig (Dalkey Archive)
Life of a Star – Jane Unrue (Burning Deck)
July 4th, 2010 / 6:36 pm ZZZIPP —
ZZZIPP BOUGHT SOME YESTERDAY BUT HE DOESN'T RECOGNIZE AMERICAN HOLIDAYS ANYWAY.
July 4th, 2010 / 6:52 pm Mike Meginnis —
We shouldda bought 'em on Canada Day.
ON CANADA DAY ZZZZIPP WAS SHUDDERING BETWEEN SULPHUR SMOKINGS AND, EARLIER, ESCAPING FROM THE BELLY OF A BEAR THAT HAD EATEN HIM AFTER PULLING HIM UP FROM THE WATERS AROUND PARRY SOUND (MISTAKING HIM FOR PERCH).
AGREE WITH YOU OTHERWISE M.M.; THE ONLY THING IS THAT CANADA DAY HAS MORE TO DO WITH DEPENDANCE THAN INDEPENDANCE. IT'S A WEDDING ANNIVERSARY.
July 4th, 2010 / 9:05 pm J. A. Tyler —
Nine Live Two-Headed Animals – Eric Amling (Greying Ghost)
July 4th, 2010 / 9:20 pm Merzmensch —
Awesome idea. I already miss Independence Day in Germany…
July 4th, 2010 / 10:16 pm Ryan Call —
parkos cure all and mirovs ghost machine (caketrain)
July 4th, 2010 / 6:16 pm Ryan Call —
July 4th, 2010 / 11:15 pm mjm —
I'm a slowpoke. I bought Zack's The Man Suit. Been trying to order Heather's The Difficult Farm but it keeps slipping through my fingers. First it was sold out, then I wanted to buy it but not pay shipping, then I felt bad and didn't buy it so I have to wait until I have more money.
July 4th, 2010 / 7:15 pm mjm —
July 5th, 2010 / 12:01 am Caketrain —
Decided to ride the Octopus. Tuned Droves by Eric Baus and Undersleep by Julie Doxsee. http://www.octopusbooks.net/
July 4th, 2010 / 8:01 pm Caketrain —
July 4th, 2010 / 9:05 pm mudlove —
July 5th, 2010 / 2:42 am D.W. Lichtenberg —
Preparations for Search by Joseph McElroy, Small Anchor Press.
July 4th, 2010 / 10:42 pm D.W. Lichtenberg —
July 6th, 2010 / 10:57 pm Tadd Adcox —
Pathologies is awesome.
July 6th, 2010 / 6:57 pm Tadd Adcox —

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
How Do Nonprofit Board Directors Compare to Corporate Board Directors?
Nicholas J Price
When tallying the differences between for-profit board director responsibilities and those of nonprofit board members, there are noticeably more similarities than differences. However, where there are differences, they are significant and of great importance on both sides. Regardless of the type of board, two things stand out as being primary indicators of whether the organization is successful — getting a good quality board and striving for the best possible governance practices. The following is a breakdown of board service and what it looks like for nonprofit board members and for-profit board members.
How Nonprofit Board Directors Compare to Corporate Board Directors
The main purpose of for-profit and nonprofit entities is starkly different, but they also share one important similarity. For-profit corporations serve their shareholders, and board directors are accountable to them. Nonprofit board members serve the members of their organization, their cause and their communities.
What unites nonprofit and for-profit organizations regarding their purpose is that they both have a clearly stated mission and core values, a desire to practice good governance, and a willingness to change and adapt as often as they need to.
The governing documents for nonprofits and for-profits are essentially the same, though they may be worded a bit differently. Both entities have articles of incorporation, bylaws, and descriptions of the duties and responsibilities of the board, individual directors and committees. Governing documents list the name of the organization, how it's governed and how to amend the bylaws. The bylaws define how boards give formal notice of meetings, including annual and special meetings. In addition, the bylaws state the necessary voting percentages and the definition of a quorum. Both types of boards develop written policies for director independence, conflicts of interest, codes of ethics, confidentiality and indemnification.
Fiduciary Duties
Board directors for all entities have basic fiduciary duties. They include Duty of Care, which means that they must act as a reasonable and prudent person would under the same circumstances. The Duty of Loyalty is another important fiduciary duty, which means that board directors must place the interests of the organization before their own. There are two other fiduciary duties that aren't as commonly known. One of them is the Duty of Candor, which means that boards must disclose material facts in a timely manner. The other is the Duty of Confidentiality, which means that board directors shouldn't disclose sensitive or confidential information.
Nonprofit board members have an extra fiduciary duty, which is the Duty of Obedience. This duty means that board directors must remain faithful to and supportive of the nonprofit's mission and its organizational goals.
A breach of any of these duties may subject nonprofit board members to personal liability and/or a call for dismissal.
Most of the basic board duties for nonprofits and for-profits are essentially the same. Many of these duties include:
Hiring, firing and evaluating the CEO or executive director and setting their compensation
Establishing an operating plan
Ensuring that financial statements are accurate and timely
Safeguarding and allocating financial resources
Ensuring that management's actions are in the best interests of the stakeholders
Ensuring that policies are in keeping with legal and ethical compliance
Protecting the organization's reputation, especially during times of crisis
Communicating the corporate culture
Serving as ambassadors of the organization
Providing guidance to the CEO
Overseeing the strategic plan
There is one other thing that unites nonprofit and for-profits under managing board business. It has less to do with board duties and more to do with how the board manages its duties. Most nonprofit and for-profit corporations find it helpful to use a board portal or board management software system to help them carry out their board duties. The complexity of their responsibilities makes it almost a necessity in today's climate.
Board Composition, Tenure, Size and Compensation
All boards should continuously recruit and maintain a capable, qualified board. Best practices encourage boards to seek independent candidates who bring diversity of race, religion, ethnicity, age, gender, skills and perspectives to the board.
Best practices also suggest that boards serve their organizations best when they refresh the board from time to time. Many for-profit boards have a mandatory retirement policy between the ages of 70 and 75. Nonprofit boards usually allow board directors to serve indefinitely. Both types of boards may limit the number of terms directors may serve in succession.
For-profit boards tend to keep their numbers tightly between 10 and 15. Nonprofit boards are often larger than for-profit boards — sometimes as much as five times larger.
Board directors of for-profit boards are often retired senior executives. For-profit board directors receive compensation for their duties, which may come in the form of cash, corporate stocks, stock options or some combination of them. Nonprofit board members typically serve as volunteers, and they're usually required to give some amount in personal giving. Nonprofit and for-profit board directors usually get reimbursed for travel and personal expenses, although in small nonprofits, board directors sometimes pay their own expenses and use them as a tax write-off.
Board Director Attendance and Frequency of Meetings
The rule of thumb for all boards is to meet as frequently as necessary to thoroughly attend to the organization's business.
On average, for-profit boards meet about five to seven times per year, with another three or four meetings via teleconference. For-profit board directors are expected to attend all board meetings with few or no exceptions. In fact, regulations require public companies to disclose whether any of their board directors have less than 75% board meeting attendance.
By contrast, nonprofit boards may meet as frequently or infrequently as necessary to get their work done. As nonprofit board directors don't get compensated for their time, there are no requirements for attendance and no pressure if they miss meetings.
There are similarities and differences in board committees for nonprofit and for-profit corporations. Both types of organizations usually form audit, compensation, nominating and governance, and executive committees. The committee charters outline the committee's duties and responsibilities. Most of the board's work occurs in committees.
One of the differences between nonprofits and for-profits is that for-profit boards tend to have fewer committees, whereas nonprofit boards tend to have many committees.
Board Self-Evaluations
Public companies are required to evaluate their boards annually. It's considered best practice for boards to evaluate themselves as a matter of good governance, whether it's required or not. Board management software systems such as Governance Cloud offer an online tool that streamlines the process for D&O board assessments.
Successful Nonprofit Boards Pave the Way for Successful Organizations
Nonprofit and for-profit boards also share some key similarities along the road to success. Successful boards practice clear communication. They regularly reinforce their board directors' expectations and obligations. High-achieving boards foster a supportive, respectful environment and use trusting relationships as the basis for challenging management and addressing complex and difficult issues. Conscientious boards of all kinds identify and make the best use of people, processes and technology in order to comply with good governance principles and lead their organization toward progress and prosperity.
Nicholas J. Price
Nicholas J. Price is the Content Marketing Manager at Diligent Corporation. With a career that has focused on digital marketing, Nick's specialization is in content marketing and content creation. With experience running several content departments to create and write content for Fortune 500 companies, Nick's dedication lies in growing business through actionable and insightful content to ensure value to both prospects and customers. Nick has worked in the board portal space for two years, which has enabled him to gain a better understanding of the needs of boardrooms and the type of content that resonates with board directors, general counsels and corporate secretaries.
Nicholas is an experienced Content Marketing Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the computer software industry. Skilled in Digital Strategy, Marketing Strategy, Demand Generation, Lead Generation, Sales, Market Research, and Content Development. With a strong media and communication background, Nick graduated Trinity College (Hartford, CT) with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in English (Creative Writing focus) and he has Minors in Religion & Asian Studies.


text:
1-nen C-gumi Yoshida-gakari
First Year Class C Yoshida Representative, 1-nen C-gumi Yoshida Kakari, Ichinen C Gumi Yoshida Kakari
High SchoolPresentSchool
Taiyou Tsukishima dreams of having a peaceful high school life, but he is assigned to take care of a classmate, the handsome and popular Yuu Yoshida. By spending time with Yuu, Taiyou starts to realise that Yuu seems to be hiding a big secret.
Shiori Sakurai
Available for Amazon Prime $18.98 ($0.32 / Count) (as of January 31, 2023 19:07 GMT -05:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)
TruSkin Vitamin C Serum for Face – Anti Aging Face Serum with Vitamin C, Hyaluronic Acid, Vitamin E – Brightening Serum for Dark Spots, Even Skin Tone, Eye Area, Fine Lines & Wrinkles, 1 Fl Oz
Available for Amazon Prime 26% Off $29.99 $21.97 (as of January 31, 2023 19:07 GMT -05:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)
NOW Supplements, Pumpkin Seed Oil 1000 mg with Essential Fatty Acids and Phytosterols, Cold Pressed, 100 Softgels
Available for Amazon Prime 35% Off $16.99 ($0.17 / Count) $10.92 ($0.11 / Count) (as of January 31, 2023 19:07 GMT -05:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)
Logitech G604 LIGHTSPEED Gaming Mouse with 15 programmable controls, up to 240 hour battery life, dual wireless connectivity modes, hyper-fast scroll wheel - Black
YanJie Mouse Ears Red Dot Bow Headbands, Glitter Party Princess Red Dot Decoration Cosplay Costume for Girls (red dot)
Available for Amazon Prime $9.99 ($9.99 / Count) (as of January 31, 2023 19:07 GMT -05:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)
Ichijinsha Ltd.


text:
At Facebook headquarters in Menlo Park, California, the world's largest social network has assembled a team whose goal is to monitor election-related content on the platform.
Caption:James MartinPhoto:James Martin/CNET
Lexi Sturdy, war room lead, is currently monitoring Facebook platform data on the coming Brazilian elections.
Published: October 18, 2018 Caption:James MartinPhoto:James Martin/CNET
Samidh Chakrabarti, director of elections and civic engagement, Katie Harbath, global politics and government outreach director, and Nathaniel Gleicher, cyber security policy, inside the Facebook election war room.
Lexi Sturdy, war room lead, left, and Andre Souza, researcher, right, monitor content on Facebook relating to the upcoming Brazilian elections.
Charlie, Lexi, and Andre discuss upcoming elections inside the Facebook election war room in Menlo Park, California.
With more than 2 billion monthly active users around the world, Facebook is now seen as having a potentially broad impact on the spread of information and the outcomes of elections.
Facebook election stewards with titles like "integrity software engineer," "elections software engineer," "core data scientist" and "escalations" operate from the Facebook election war room.
Samidh Chakrabarti, director of elections and civic engagement, Katie Harbath, global politics and government outreach director, and Nathaniel Gleicher, cyber security policy, observe live data streams from inside the Facebook election war room.
In May, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said, "In 2016 we were slow to identify Russian interference." Now, with the election war room, Facebook is trying to crack down on the spread of false information in the final weeks before the midterm elections.
Inside Facebook's election war room
How to watch every Marvel Cinematic Universe film in the right order
How to watch all the San Diego Comic-Con 2019 movie trailers


text:
Teachers' sells 20% stake in Glass Lewis to AIMCo
August 28, 2013 · 2 min read
TORONTO – Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan (Teachers') today announced the sale of 20% of its ownership in proxy advisory firm Glass, Lewis & Co. (Glass Lewis) to Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo). Terms of the transaction are not being disclosed.
Teachers' acquired Glass Lewis in 2007 and the company operates independently as an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary. No changes in the operations of Glass Lewis will result from the transaction.
"Glass Lewis has delivered strong revenue and client growth since Teachers' acquired the firm," said Wayne Kozun, Senior Vice-President, Public Equities, at Teachers'. "While we remain committed to maintaining a long-term stake in the company, we believe diversifying the firm's ownership with like-minded investors will bring valuable new perspectives to the next stages of Glass Lewis' development. We look forward to working with AIMCo, a longtime advocate for improved corporate governance, in supporting the positive role of independent proxy advisors."
"AIMCo is pleased to partner with Teachers' in the ownership of Glass Lewis and trusts in the long-term potential of the organization given the changing landscape of investor engagement," stated Leo de Bever, Chief Executive Officer, AIMCo. "As an institutional investor responsible for the assets of 27 clients, upholding strong corporate governance is critical to our ability to add value; and Glass Lewis plays an important role in ensuring that integrity exists in the market for all investors."
"Teachers' stewardship of Glass Lewis over the past six years has been key to the success of our global expansion strategy," said Katherine Rabin, Chief Executive Officer, Glass Lewis. "We are very pleased about the diversification of ownership and the additional insight that AIMCo will contribute as we continue to bring to market important, independent engagement-support solutions."
About Teachers'
With $129.5 billion in net assets as of December 31, 2012, the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan is the largest single-profession pension plan in Canada. An independent organization, it invests the pension fund's assets and administers the pensions of 303,000 active and retired teachers in Ontario. For more information, including our 2012 and previous annual reports, visit www.otpp.com. Follow us on Twitter: @OtppInfo
About AIMCo
AIMCo is one of Canada's largest and most diversified institutional investment managers with assets under management in excess of $70 billion. AIMCo was established on January 1, 2008 with a mandate to provide superior long-term investment results for its clients. AIMCo operates independently from the Government of Alberta and invests globally on behalf of 27 pension, endowment and government funds in the Province of Alberta, including the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund. AIMCo is expanding its global private equity investments with a focus on direct transactions.
About Glass Lewis
Glass, Lewis & Co. is a leading investment research and global proxy advisory and voting services firm, serving institutions that collectively manage more than $15 trillion. Glass Lewis helps institutional investors make more informed proxy voting decisions by identifying business, legal, governance and financial statement risk at more than 25,000 meetings worldwide. Founded in 2003, Glass Lewis is headquartered in San Francisco with offices in New York, Washington D.C., Ireland and Australia. For more information on Glass Lewis, visit www.glasslewis.com.
Alberta Investment Management Corporation
Dénes Németh
Manager, Corporate Communication
denes.nemeth@aimco.alberta.ca
Glass, Lewis & Co.
Lachlan MacLean
lmaclean@glasslewis.com


From Windy Corner, via Jubilee Wood, Hemsworth and Manswood.
The walk goes through gently undulating countryside comprising mainly fields and riverside walking along the Mells River and Nunney Brook.
Circular from Stourhead car park via Mere, over undulating countryside at a moderate pace.
9.45 from Barton Hill, or 10.30 from Shaftesbury Town Hall to allow time for coffee before setting off.. Undulating countryside, with ascents and descents.
From Woodhenge (North of Amesbury). An easy walk on grassy paths touring the Stonehenge landscape. Archeaological and Historical comments will be given!
From Chilmark, over undulating terrain via Monarch's Way through Dinton and Teffont Magna.
Packed lunch. Dogs on leads.
This walk goes through gently undulating countryside. It passes two mills and there will be views of the Fovant Military Badges.
This will be a linear walk from Litton Cheney to Bridport over undulating countryside using tracks and lanes. There are ascents and descents of approximately 200m.
Packed lunch, return by bus. (DON'T FORGET PASSES IF APPLICABLE) Ask to be dropped off at the Litton Cheney turn (Whiteway Cross) on the A35 and walk to cars.
Dogs on leads (Check with bus).


1. 산학협력단에서는 2015학년도 여름학기부터 미래부의 지원으로 인턴십 프로그램(CUop 프로그램: Company-University Cooperation)을 운영하고 있으며 이는 기존에 진행하던 인턴십에 교육적 부분이 추가된 형태로 진행될 예정입니다.
2. CUop 프로그램은 명칭만 다를 뿐, 리더십센터에서 운영하는 인턴십 프로그램(과목번호 : INT485)과 동일하며, 8주 기준으로 3학점(졸업연구 인정) 부여 등 동일한 절차로 진행됩니다.
1. Academic-industrial cooperation team operates Internship program (CUop program: Company-University Cooperation) supported by government, and this program includes additional educational part with existing program.
2. CUop program is identical to Internship program (Course # INT485) operated by Leadership center but differs in title. Also, it is same in that three credits are given during 8 weeks.


Star vs. the Forces of Evil is an animated TV series that airs on Disney XD (with Season 4 to air on The Disney Channel). And you know what that means...Funko has probably announced or released a Pop! Series based on the show.
The Pop! Disney: Star vs. the Forces of Evil Series will include Star Butterfly, heir to the royal throne of the Butterfly Kingdom, the villainous Avarian Ludo, the ever-practical Marco Diaz, and the demon prince of the Underworld - Tom Lucitor. Also, look for the Butterfly Mode Star, which is exclusive to Hot Topic.
You can currently pre-order the other Pop! figures over at Amazon.com for $10.99 each. They're anticipated to begin shipping on December 20th 2018.


text:
Understanding the syndrome of techno-centrism through the epidemiology of vaccines as preventive tools
Vikas Bajpai1, Anoop Saraya2
1 PhD Scholar, Centre for Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
2 Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Anoop Saraya
Professor Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110029
DOI: 10.4103/0019-557X.99904
Conquering disease and ill health has been an age old pursuit of man. The scientific and technological revolution of the last century ushered in major and important advances in preventive and curative medical technology which fired a new hope in the fight against communicable diseases. However, the experience over centuries shows that major decline in communicable diseases began much before the advent of modern technology due to advances in the socio-economic and environmental conditions of the people. There has been an attempt by the multilateral and unilateral agencies to supplant the expedient of technological interventions like vaccination campaigns as a substitute to socio-economic advancement in the third world countries. The dividends of this approach have been equivocal and have had an effect of distorting public health priorities in the third world. There seems to be an obsession with technology among the policy planners - a phenomenon that we call as techno-centrism; the latest example of which is the pulse polio campaign. This paper draws upon an epidemiological approach to vaccination programs as a tool to unravel this phenomenon.
Keywords: Epidemiology, Immunization, Infectious diseases, Vaccines
Bajpai V, Saraya A. Understanding the syndrome of techno-centrism through the epidemiology of vaccines as preventive tools. Indian J Public Health 2012;56:133-9
Bajpai V, Saraya A. Understanding the syndrome of techno-centrism through the epidemiology of vaccines as preventive tools. Indian J Public Health [serial online] 2012 [cited 2020 Jan 19];56:133-9. Available from: http://www.ijph.in/text.asp?2012/56/2/133/99904
Conquering disease and ill-health have been an age long pursuit of man. Though spectacular, the achievements of modern medicine cannot over awe the behavior of the pathogenic organisms and ecological conditions in determining the behavior of diseases.
It is well acknowledged that major decline in the infectious diseases had occurred much before the arrival of modern medical tools. Better nutrition, housing, sanitation, hygiene, and improved water supply helped reduce the morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases. [1],[2],[3],[4],[5]
The work of Thomas McKeown has been seminal in foregrounding the role of socioeconomic and environmental factors in improving human health. [6] Ivan Illich's polemical account presents a tempered view of the achievements attributable to modern medicine. [7]
Emergence of the germ theory of disease subsequent to discovery of microorganisms undermined the primacy of socioeconomic and environmental factors in fighting communicable diseases. The focus shifted instead to technological medical interventions directed at individuals as against ensuring the overall wellbeing of the people. This tectonic shift articulated with the value system of the ascendant monopoly capitalism of the late 19 th century to pave the way for entrepreneurial medical model of healthcare which emphasized technological tools in tackling health problems. [8]
The syndrome of "techno-centrism" that dominates health policy today originates from this context. This paper uses the epidemiology of vaccines as preventive tools to elucidate our understanding of techno-centrism in health policy.
Epidemiology of Vaccines as Preventive Tools
Immunization against the vaccine preventable diseases has come to be viewed as one of the most cost effective methods of improving the health of the masses and reducing the burden of disease. [9],[10]
How much did the vaccines contribute to the decline of the infectious diseases?
[Figure 1] shows deaths of children below 15 years attributed to scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, and measles in England and Whales between 1850 and 1965. 90%
Figure 1: England and Whales: Deaths of children under 15 years attributed to scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, and measles. Source: Universal Immunization: Medical Miracle or Masterful Mirage By Dr. Raymond Obomsawin[11]
Decline in child mortality from these infectious diseases occurred between 1850 and 1940. The first vaccine however was available against diphtheria only in 40's, whereas the pertusis vaccine came in the 50s and the measles vaccine in 60s. Scarlet fever had no vaccine. [11] Similar trends have been reported for decline of infectious diseases in United States. [11] Likewise, in the story of small pox, nearly half the decline occurred prior to the introduction of the WHO's small pox eradication program. [11]
Thurman has summarized these early achievements thus − "It must be remembered that a given germ is only part of the cause of a disease; there are often many other very important contributing, predisposing, or determining factors. As housing conditions were improved, as the general laws of sanitation, ventilation, and personal hygiene came to be better understood; as we came to insist on individual drinking cups; fresh air in bedrooms, and frequent bathing; as doctors became more proficient in treating the infection so as to prevent its serious complications and sequelae; as boards of health became more efficient in the enforcement of public health laws; as methods of isolation and disinfection were better understood the death rate declined accordingly." [12]
Turning the Tables on the Developing Countries
In the case of developing countries however, vaccines became expedient to achieve rapid elimination of the communicable diseases, circumventing overall socio-economic development.
The recipe for such an approach in the developing world was enforced by the developed countries on the pretext that the West had to take the path it took because there were no vaccines to begin with, and now that they are available, the developing countries could benefit from them rather than rely on the long drawn out path of social and economic development. This approach is best epitomised in the paper by Walsh and Warren titled "Selective primary health care: an interim strategy for disease control in developing countries." [13] Indeed this paper was picked up by different multilateral and bilateral funding agencies like the UNICEF, World Bank, and the Rockefeller Foundation to stage a coup d' teat against the principles of 'Primary Health Care' as propounded in the Alma Ata declaration of 1977 that had held the promise of self reliant, people centric development of health care systems in the developing countries. This led to several ill-conceived international initiatives to launch massive vertical immunization programs. [10]
Experience of Immunization Programs in India
There have been a range of immunization initiatives in India. Beginning with BCG immunization against tuberculosis in 1962, which later became a part of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 1978. In 1979 oral polio vaccine was included as a part of EPI. This program evolved to become the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in 1985. Measles vaccine was added to the program the same year. [14] UIP was rolled out in the form of National Technology Mission for Immunization in 1986 with the target of 90% coverage of pregnant women and 85% of infants by 1990. [15]
Epidemiological Basis; the Weak Link of the Immunization Program
The departure point for any disease control program is the epidemiological distribution and behavior of the disease so as to justify the program strategy and develop sound tools for assessing its performance. [Table 1] gives the distribution of causes for mortality in children below 6 years in India. The neonatal causes, diarrheal diseases, and pneumonia accounted for 84% of under five mortality 2000-2003. [16] Thus, the vaccine preventable diseases do not constitute major cause of under five or infant mortality in India.
Table 1: Distribution of causes of deaths among children under 5 years of age, India 2000-2003
[Figure 2] gives estimated proportion of under five deaths by mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia; two areas of the world that account for maximum no. of deaths in this age group. In neither of these areas are the vaccine preventable diseases a major cause for under five mortality. [17]
Figure 2: Distribution of under-5 deaths by cause, 2000. AIDS deaths are not accounted for, due to lack of studies in the affected areas. Source: International Journal of Epidemiology 2003;32:1041-51
The six vaccine preventable diseases would come in the category of ''others'', accounting for approximately 10% of the under five deaths. This knocks the base out of the claims that major reductions in child mortality can be achieved through rigorous implementation of immunization programs. [Figure 3] gives the trends in infant mortality in India since 1910 till 2000. The decline in the infant mortality during this period has been nearly 70%. It is obvious in view of the forgoing that even if all mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases were to be overcome, it could not have resulted in 70% decline in infant mortality. Not only that overwhelming decline in infant mortality has been due to decline in mortality from causes like diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infections, but the vaccine preventable diseases continue to be prevalent inspite of good vaccine coverage against some of them.
Figure 3: Trends in the infant mortality rate for 1910-2002, India. Source: Arvind Pandey et al. NCMH background papers.[18]
[Figure 4] shows the reported cases of measles since 1974 till 2004 and reported/surveyed annual measles coverage. [19] It is seen that since 1990 in spite of high coverage for measles vaccine (90 to 95%), measles cases refuse to decline discounting the unreported cases because people do not seek medical intervention for measles due to cultural believes.
Figure 4: Reported/surveyed annual measles coverage and cases India, 1974-2004 Source: MOHFW, GOI.[19]
Measles is hardly a problem in healthy children, but its mortality increases 400 times in undernourished children and its incidence and prevalence is directly proportional to overcrowded living conditions. Likewise, availability of adequate protected water supply would ensure that poliomyelitis ceases to be a problem. [20]
[Figure 5], [Figure 6] and [Figure 7] show the declining trend in the cases of neonatal tetanus, pertusis, and diphtheria since the start of the vaccination programs in India. Though trends for these diseases prior to institution of immunization programs were not available, but what is more likely is that immunization only accentuated a pre-existing secular decline.
Figure 5: Number of reported cases of neonatal tetanus from 1988 till 2008 Note: *: Figures are Provisional and Incomplete. Source: indiastat.com[21]
Figure 6: Number of cases of pertusis from 1985 to 2008 Note*: Figures are Provisional and Incomplete. Source: indiastat.com[22]
Figure 7: Number of cases of diphtheria from 1985 to 2008, Note*: Figures are Provisional and Incomplete, Source: indiastat.com[23]
A closer look at the infant and under 5 mortality gives a better understanding of the impact of immunization programs in India. [Figure 8] gives the trends in infant mortality since 1981 [24] i.e. just about the time when EPI was introduced. [Figure 9] gives the trends in neonatal mortality; all India as also in some of the empowered action group states which have traditionally underperformed in health. [25]
Figure 8: Trends in Infant Mortality for India, Urban vs. Rural, 1981-97. Source: World Bank.[24]
Figure 9: Trend in neonatal mortality rate, India and EAG states, 1971-2000. Source: J Biosoc Sci 2008;40:183-201.[25]
In [Figure 5], around 1990 there is a precipitous decline in the neonatal tetanus cases. We presume that entire decline took place due to increased coverage of pregnant women with tetanus toxoid vaccination. Neonatal deaths constitute significant proportion of under 5 mortality. Neonatal tetanus has been an important cause of neonatal mortality. However, looking at infant and neonatal mortality rates for the years 1991−92, in [Figure 8] and [Figure 9], there is hardly an appreciable dip in infant or neonatal deaths corresponding to the precipitous fall in neonatal tetanus cases in [Figure 5]. Likewise, there does not seem to be remarkable impact on IMR and neonatal deaths due to rather steep decline in cases of measles, pertusis, and diphtheria seen from respective figures. The IMR and neonatal death trends show gradual and smooth declines which appear more to be a part of secular declines, than revealing a remarkable change consequent to immunization programs.
In the light of the foregoing, it can be said that vaccines are only one of the effective tools against some communicable diseases and have contributed to the decline in childhood morbidity and mortality along with factors like availability of better health care and socio-economic uplift of the people.
Small pox eradication; the foremost success story of the effective application of medical technology happened not in the manner of routine immunization, but through military like campaigns to isolate the cases and contain the outbreaks. Immunization and the resultant herd immunity are just one of the determinants of so-called vaccine preventable diseases. Herd immunity is liable to undergo change depending upon the interaction of the disease agent with factors like overcrowding, sanitation, safe water, weather, migration patterns, and nutrition. Vaccines may take care of a disease agent under a given set of agent, host, and environmental conditions. Any change in this equilibrium may give rise to a new epidemiological situation in which the same vaccine may not be effective.
There are other chinks in the epidemiological rationale of the ongoing immunization programs:
There is little epidemiological data available on the variation in the incidence of diseases in different parts of the country under varying agent, host, and environmental conditions. [10]
Analysis of time trends in the epidemiological behavior of diseases and the possible interventions in their natural history, other than vaccines, has been totally missing. [10]
Immunization based strategies, especially the proclivity for intense campaigns may undermine mechanisms for acquiring natural immunity in the target group. However, in the period of lax routine immunization that invariably follows the campaigns, there accumulates a susceptible population of new born children liable to an explosive comeback of the disease; [26] thus a spectacular immunization effort, followed by a spectacular epidemic; save total eradication of the disease. And there are documented instances of such phenomenon.
The Specific Case of Pulse Polio Immunization
Nothing epitomizes the syndrome of techno-centrism as much, as does the ongoing Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI); a living testimony to subordinating country's health priorities to the prescriptions of the International agencies, in complete disregard for the under mentioned epidemiological features of polio:
For every case of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) between 100 and 1000 persons infected with wild polio viruses may go undetected as the manifestations of polio infections vary from asymptomatic to mild disease, to even death. [27] Indigenous wild polio virus can keep circulating insidiously, without producing even one case of AFP for as many as 20 years as had happened in Albania. [28] The oral polio vaccine, being a live virus vaccine, itself is capable of causing AFP from the vaccine virus, known as circulating vaccine derived polio virus (cVDPV). [29]
Feco-oral transmission being the major mode of transmission of polio in India, any program aimed at its elimination or eradication ought to emphasize strategies to stop this mode of transmission.
These salient features of Polio virus epidemiology have cast lingering doubts over the feasibility of polio eradication as aimed by the GPEI.
Pulse polio program of GPEI epitomises the costs of ignoring disease epidemiology in immunization programs. By 2 nd December 2009, the cases of wild poliovirus (WPV) infection reported by endemic countries had declined somewhat, but the cases reported by non-endemic countries had nearly tripled. Furthermore, cases of infection with the vaccine-derived poliovirus still occur, and will continue to occur so long as oral polio vaccine is used. Resultantly, several deadlines for declaring India and thereby the world polio free have lapsed and the promise of polio vaccination becoming redundant remains illusionary. [30]
The new target date for polio eradication is 2013. With only 66 cases of WPV infection in 2005, India appeared poised to eradicating polio; however, the 10-fold rise in WPV infection cases over the following 4 years has put the goal beyond reach. [30]
The less visible clusters of perpetually unimmunized children in densely populated areas with undernourished children suffering from intestinal infections shall continue to harbor WPV circulation, thus bringing to nought the polio eradication efforts. Netherlands is one country where 97% immunization coverage failed to prevent several outbreaks of polio in clusters of perpetually unimmunized persons. [31] It is least surprising that such intensive efforts have made people suspicious of the GPEI's motives. [32]
Re-Emphasizing the Significance of Socio-Economic Development
The lingering threats of opinions like − "Development is not essential to reduce infant mortality rate in India" expressed by leading public health experts of the country's premier medical institute, [33] oblige us to re-emphasize the role of socioeconomic development. India's abominable maternal and child health indicators and the principle causes of infant and child mortality, bear ample testimony to this.
In India 23% of children are initiated with breast feeding within 1 h of birth; in 2005−06, only 39% of Indian children suffering from diarrhea received oral rehydration therapy). Lack of sanitation, hygiene, and safe drinking water contribute phenomenally to child mortality. Yet, in 2004, an estimated 700 million people in India were not using improved sanitation facilities. Only 45% of households in the country use improved sanitation facilities. [34] Three-fourths of the surface water resources are polluted and 80% of the pollution is due to sewage alone. [35]
For our policy planners, regrettably none of these conditions are amenable to any convenient technological tool which could bypass the need for uplifting the overall wellbeing of the people.
These facts are sobering enough to firmly ground the heady feeling that technology shots often give. Yet, techno-centrism as ordained by the international "philanthropic" cartels like Global Alliance For Vaccines and Immunization and enthusiastically lapped up by their third world acolytes, is the currency of public health policy today.
Immunization programs have often been cited as examples of what technology can achieve in furtherance for human health. The averments made herein are not to say that immunization is redundant and meaningless as a weapon against infectious diseases. The paper acknowledges the significance of the immunization programs and the role that vaccines have played in control and possible eradication of infectious diseases. Nonetheless, in order that vaccines are able to play their due role in the fight against infectious diseases, the need is to revitalise the day-to-day functioning of health system; only then can a widespread epidemiologically directed routine immunization be ensured. The campaigns while giving a short term sense of achievement have tended to weaken the general health services in the long run. India has burned much of its precious resources in such misadventures. It is time that lessons are learnt.
We wish to acknowledge the critical appreciation and constructive suggestions given by Dr Ritu Priya, professor at the Centre for Social Medicine and Community Health, in the development of this manuscript.
1. Berkman LF, Kawachi I. Social epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000.
2. Mackenbach JP, Stirbu I, Roskam AJ, Schaap MM, Menvielleth G, Leinsalu M, et al.: European Union Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health. Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2468-81.
3. Colgrove J. The McKeown thesis: A historical controversy and its enduring influence. Am J Public Health 2002;92:725-9.
4. McKeown T, Record RG, Turner RD. An interpretation for the decline of mortality in England and Wales during the nineteenth century. Popul Stud (Camb) 1962;16:94-122.
5. Lewontin, RC. Death of TB. New York Review of Books, 21 & 22 1979.
6. McKeown T, Brown RG, Record RG. An interpretation of the modern rise of population in Europe. Popul Stud (Camb) 197226:345-82.
7. Illich I. Medical Nemesis. London: Calder and Boyars; 1975.
8. Ross EB. The origins of public health: Concepts and contradictions. In: Draper P, editor. Health through public policy: The Greening of Publ. London: Merlin Press; 1991.
9. Banerji D. Crash of the immunization program: consequences of a totalitarian approach. Int J Health Serv 1990;20:501-10.
10. Banerji D. Hidden menace in the Universal child immunisation programme. J Indian Med Assoc 1986;84:229-32.
11. Immunization's Impact in the Declension of Infectious Diseases, In Universal Immunization: Medical Miracle or Masterful Mirage By Dr. Raymond Obomsawin, Viewed on 24 th April, 2010. Available from: http://www.alternative-doctor.com/vaccination/obomsawin.html#Immunization's impact in the declension of infectious diseases. [Last accessed on 2010 April 24].
12. Rice TB. The Conquest of Disease. New York: The Macmillan Company; 1932. p. 68, 121-2.
13. Walsh JA, Warren KS. Selective primary health care: An interim strategy for disease control in developing countries. N Engl J Med 1979;301:967-74.
14. Kishore J. Universal Immunization Program in Chapter 7-Reproductive and Child Health Program-II. National Health Programs of India. 7 th ed. New Delhi: Century Publications; 2007. p. 122.
15. Government of India (GOI), National Mission on Immunization. MoHFW, New Delhi; 1988. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=881224 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.881224'.
16. WHO, India. Mortality, country fact sheet 2006.
17. Morris SS, Black RE, Tomaskovic L. Predicting the distribution of under-five deaths by cause in countries without adequate vital registration systems. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:1041-1051.
18. Pandey BN, Bhattacharya D, Sahu, Sultana R. Components of under-five mortality trends, current stagnation and future forecasting levels. NCMH Background Papers·Burden of Disease in India. Available from: http://whoindia.org/LinkFiles/Commision_on_Macroeconomic_and_Health_Bg_P2__Components_of_under-5_mortality_trends.pdf. [Last Accessed on 2010 April 23].
19. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. Measles Mortality Reduction, India stratagic plan 2005-2010.
20. Sathyamala C. Immunization, The Technology Missions. Seminar 354 - Feb, 1989. p. 28.
21. Number of Reported Cases of Neonatal Tetanus in India (1985 to 2004 and 2006 to 2008). Available from: http://www.indiastat.com. Last Accessed on 7 th April 2010.
22. Reported Cases of Pertusis in India (1985 to 2004 and 2006-2008) Available Accessed from indiastat.com on 7 th April 2010.
23. Number of Reported Cases of Diphtheria in India (1985 to 2004 and 2006 to 2008). Available from: http://www.indiastat.com. Last Accessed on 7 th April 2010.
24. Claeson M, Bos E, Pathmanathan I. Reducing Child Mortality in India: Keeping up the Pace. Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper. The World Bank, November 1999.
25. Arokiasamy P, Gautam A. Perianayagam arokiasamy and abhishek gautam. neonatal mortality in the empowered action group states of India: Trends and determinants. J Biosoc Sci 2008;40:183-201.
26. WHO/UNICEF, Planning Principles for Accelerated Immunization Activities, A Joint WHO/UNICEF Statement. Geneva: WHO; 1985. p. 17.
27. Sathyamala C, Mittal O, Dasgupta R, Priya R. Polio eradication initiative in India: Deconstructing the GPEI. Int J Health Serv 2005;35:361-83.
28. World Health Organization. Polio: The Beginning of the End. Geneva; WHO; 1997.
29. John TJ. Can we eradicate poliomyelitis? In: Sachdev HP, Choudhury P, editors. Frontiers in Paediatrics. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 1996. p. 76-90.
30. Arora NK, Chaturvedi S, Dasgupta R. Global lessons from India's poliomyelitis elimination campaign. Bull World Health Organ 2010;88:232-4.
31. Conyn-Van Spaendonck MA, de Melker HE, Abbink F, Elzinga-Gholizadea N, Kimman TG, van Loon T. Immunity to poliomyelitis in the Netherlands. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:207-14.
32. Chaturvedi S, Dasgupta R, Adhish V, Ganguly KK, Rai S, Sushant L, et al. Deconstructing social resistance to pulse polio campaign in two North Indian Districts. Indian Pediatr 2009;46:963-74.
33. Anand K, Kant S, Kumar G, Kapoor SK. "Development" is not essential to reduce infant mortality rate in India: Experience from the Ballabgarh project. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54:247-53.
34. Progress for Children Report - A Statistical Review December 2007. UNICEF India media centre. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/india/media_3766.htm. [Last accessed on 2010 April 21].
35. Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Clean Living Conditions, Chapter 5. Eleventh Five Year Plan - 2007-12. Vol. 2. Social Sector, Planning Commission, Government of India; 2007-12. p. 175-6.
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7], [Figure 8], [Figure 9]
1 Diphtheria in Andhra Pradesh–a clinical-epidemiological study
Meera M.,Rajarao M.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2014; 19: 74
2 50 years of immunization in India: Progress and future
Vashishtha, V.M. and Kumar, P.
Indian Pediatrics. 2013; 50(1): 111-118
3 Vaccines and Vaccine Policy for Universal Health Care
Y. Madhavi
Social Change. 2013; 43(2): 263
Vipin M. Vashishtha,P. Kumar
Indian Pediatrics. 2013; 50(1): 111
Bajpai V
Saraya A
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Turning the Tabl...
Experience of Im...
Epidemiological ...
The Specific Cas...
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© Indian Journal of Public Health | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow


Funny that my 300th post is from the same company that was the subject of my first official review. I don't get to hit DQ once a week anymore, but it's still nice to stop, especially when it's all of us packed in the car.
So the blizzard of the month is made with real fudge brownie pieces with double chocolate brownie batter blended into vanilla soft serve. Like last month, you wind up with a white and brown treat rather than the solid brown treat they show in the picture. This is easy enough to fix by stirring, plus it helps balance out the flavor.
Overall, I like this month's blizzard. I'm sure you'll think even better of it if you are dying for a chocolate fix because this blizzard is as chocolaty as they come. Actually, it's borderline too much. I was ok with it since I was in the mood for chocolate, but my wife was a little put off. We still enjoyed them (me more than her), but be warned.
I was actually surprised by the brownie chunks as well. I had a brownie earthquake sundae a long time ago and the brownies they served me that day totally ruined it for me. However, here the brownies are sliced thin and get the texture just right: pleasantly chewy, not to hard, and definitely not soggy.
Technically, we have a third positive vote for these blizzards as well. My daughter regretted her blizzard choice after seeing how chocolatey ours were, so I gave her the rest of mine and started finishing her peanut butter cup blizzard. Tasty, but at the moment, the brownie batter one wins.
Nick's 2015 Fanniversary Thoughts: Looking over Dubba's thoughts, I don't think things are the same as they were 6 years ago. This blizzard was chocolately for sure but far from being too much. You can still taste the vanilla from the soft serve here and there. This might be due to them not using a "double chocolate brownie batter". Well they could still be using the same thing but decided to ditch the name. Whatever the case, this isn't a chocolate overload by any means.
The brownies aren't thin like Dubba mentioned either. They're slightly smaller than dice and in the majority of spoonfuls. They're more chocolatey than the ice cream mix and are some of the moistest brownie chunks I've encountered in a frozen dessert. These are definitely fresher than what you'll get at most DIY soft serve places and chewy to boot.
This blizzard definitely gives me hope for trying more of them in the future. The consistency of the soft serve was far better this time around. While it might not be something to go out of your way for like most of these treats aren't, if you're craving a chocolate brownie fix and a DQ is near by, give this baby a shot!
Just had this last night and I was severely disappointed to say the least. I didn't get any "batter" flavoring - just straight up vanilla with decent amounts of brownie chunks and a few (2-3) chocolate flakes?? Maybe a 1/4 pump of chocolate syrup to give it a nice tan color. For the price I paid for a medium, should have bought Ben & Jerry's Chocolate Fudge Brownie instead.


Goings on this Spring in the city of Zürich and beyond, including details about our 21/22 May writers' workshop, WriteCon16.
D.B. Miller's Notes from the Unexpected opens a small door into Rue de Framboise, a tattoo and piercing establishment with a difference.


Hillary after hearing Trump's speech.
Trump went on to bring out the mothers of Americans whose children were killed by illegal immigrants. It was an excellent speech sure to win him support from those who've been conned by the lying media into thinking he's some evil demon creature when the truth is he's a man with a heart of gold.
After today's one-two punch, Hillary's definitely going to need to double her meds.


text:
Q: How to decompress a ZIP file with specified file/directory name character encoding? I got ZIP file(s), which contains files, which filenames are in some encoding. Let's say I know encoding of those filenames, but I still dont know how to properly decompress them.
Here is example file, it contains one file
"【SSK字幕组】The Vampire Diaries 吸血鬼日记S06E12.ass"
I know used encoding is GB18030 (Chinese)
Question is - how to unpack that file in FreeBSD using unzip or other CLI utility to get proper encoded filename? I tried everything what I could, but result was never good. Please help.
I tried on OSX:
MBP1:test 2ge$ bsdtar xf gb18030.zip
MBP1:test 2ge$ ls
%A1%BESSK%D7%D6Ļ%D7顿The Vampire Diaries %CE%FCѪ%B9%ED%C8ռ%C7S06E12/      gb18030.zip
MBP1:test 2ge$ cd %A1%BESSK%D7%D6Ļ%D7顿The\ Vampire\ Diaries\ %CE%FCѪ%B9%ED%C8ռ%C7S06E12/
MBP1:%A1%BESSK%D7%D6Ļ%D7顿The Vampire Diaries %CE%FCѪ%B9%ED%C8ռ%C7S06E12 2ge$ ls
%A1%BESSK%D7%D6Ļ%D7顿The Vampire Diaries %CE%FCѪ%B9%ED%C8ռ%C7S06E12.ass*
MBP1:%A1%BESSK%D7%D6Ļ%D7顿The Vampire Diaries %CE%FCѪ%B9%ED%C8ռ%C7S06E12 2ge$ find . | iconv -f gb18030 -t utf-8
.
./%A1%BESSK%D7%D6L抬%D7椤縏he Vampire Diaries %CE%FC血%B9%ED%C8占%C7S06E12.ass
MBP1:%A1%BESSK%D7%D6Ļ%D7顿The Vampire Diaries %CE%FCѪ%B9%ED%C8ռ%C7S06E12 2ge$ convmv -r -f gb18030 -t utf-8 --notest .
Skipping, already UTF-8: ./%A1%BESSK%D7%D6Ļ%D7顿The Vampire Diaries %CE%FCѪ%B9%ED%C8ռ%C7S06E12.ass
Ready!

I tried similar with unzip, but I get similar problem.
Thanks, now trying on FREE BSD, where I am connecting using SSH from OSX (Terminal):
# locale
LANG=
LC_CTYPE="C"
LC_COLLATE="C"
LC_TIME="C"
LC_NUMERIC="C"
LC_MONETARY="C"
LC_MESSAGES="C"
LC_ALL=C

The first thing, I would like to is to proper show Chinese names. I changed
setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.GB18030
setenv LANG zh_CN.GB18030

Then I downloaded file and try to "ls" to see proper characters, but not luck. So I think I have to solve first Chinese locale to verify when I get proper result, actually I can compare it. Can you also help me please with this?

A: On OS X, you can use a GUI application called The Unarchiver. It can be installed using Mac App Store or Homebrew Cask:
brew cask install the-unarchiver

When you open a ZIP file with it, the application lets you choose the appropriate encoding using preview of a filename from the archive.

A: 7z supports charset ID with a switch -scs, e.g.:
7z x -scs903 some.zip

where 903 is 中文簡體 charset. A longer list of charset IDs can be found here.

A: Here's what I do on Ubuntu 16.04 to unzip a zip in any encoding, as long as I know what that encoding is. The same method should work on FreeBSD because it only relies on widely available unzip tool.

*

*I double-check the exact name of the encoding, as to not misspell it: https://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml

*I simply run
$ unzip -O <encoding> <filename> -d <target_dir>

or
$ unzip -I <encoding> <filename> -d <target_dir>

choosing between -O or -I according to instructions here:
$ unzip -h
UnZip 6.00 of 20 April 2009, by Debian. Original by Info-ZIP.
  ...
  -O CHARSET  specify a character encoding for DOS, Windows and OS/2 archives
  -I CHARSET  specify a character encoding for UNIX and other archives
  ...

which means that I simply try -O and it should work, because not a lot of people would create a .zip file in Unix...

So, for your specific example:

*

*The exact encoding name is GB18030.

*I use the -O flag and:
$ unzip -O GB18030 gb18030.zip -d target_dir
Archive:  gb18030.zip
   creating: target_dir/【SSK字幕组】The Vampire Diaries 吸血鬼日记S06E12/
  inflating: target_dir/【SSK字幕组】The Vampire Diaries 吸血鬼日记S06E12/【SSK字幕组】The Vampire Diaries 吸血鬼日记S06E12.ass

... it works.

A: Method 1 : use unar utility
sudo apt-get install unar

unar -e gb18030 gb18030.zip

Method 2 : Use a python script to unzip the file (reference https://gist.github.com/usunyu/dfc6e56af6e6caab8018bef4c3f3d452#file-gbk-unzip-py )
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# unzip-gbk.py

import os
import sys
import zipfile
import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--encoding", help="encoding for filename, default gbk")
parser.add_argument("-l", help="list filenames in zipfile, do not unzip", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("file", help="process file.zip")
args = parser.parse_args()
print "Processing File " + args.file

file=zipfile.ZipFile(args.file,"r");
if args.encoding:
    print "Encoding " + args.encoding
for name in file.namelist():
    if args.encoding:
        utf8name=name.decode(args.encoding)
    else:
        utf8name=name.decode('gbk')
    pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
    if args.l:
        print "Filename " + utf8name
    else:
        print "Extracting " + utf8name
        if not os.path.exists(pathname) and pathname!= "":
            os.makedirs(pathname)
        data = file.read(name)
        if not os.path.exists(utf8name):
            fo = open(utf8name, "w")
            fo.write(data)
            fo.close
file.close()

The example gb18030.zip will extract the following file
【SSK字幕组】The Vampire Diaries 吸血鬼日记S06E12
【SSK字幕组】The Vampire Diaries 吸血鬼日记S06E12/【SSK字幕组】The Vampire Diaries 吸血鬼日记S06E12.ass

A: unar never turn me down:
brew install unar

unar -e GBK *.zip

A: On most POSIX filesystems the filename is just a series of bytes and it's up to userspace to make any sense of it. You can use this to your advantage.

*

*First, extract the archive using bsdtar, since the unzip tool seems to mangle the file names, while bsdtar will extract them raw. (I'm testing this on Linux. I guess FreeBSD just calls it tar.)
$ bsdtar xf gb18030.zip

*Verify that tools like iconv can successfully decode the names:
$ find . | iconv -f gb18030 -t utf-8

(Note that this only affects the find output, not files themselves.)

*Finally use convmv to convert the file names to UTF-8:
$ convmv -r -f gb18030 -t utf-8 --notest .

(Note: I had to install Encode::HanExtra from CPAN for the GB18030 support, and manually add use Encode::HanExtra; to  /usr/bin/convmv even though it's supposed to

*In case convmv is unavailable, script it:
$ find . -depth | while read -r old; do
    old=./$old;
    head=${old%/*};
    tail=${old##*/};
    new=$head/$(echo "$tail" | iconv -f gb18030 -t utf-8);
    [ "$old" = "$new" ] || mv "$old" "$new";
done

(At least on Linux, this has an advantage in that iconv is almost always available, and it always supports gb18030.)

A: I just used 7zip and it managed to pick the right encoding –
something that standard zip couldn't do.
However, I used it on Windows, with the GUI tool.  Maybe the command line 7z will work for you, too.

A: Use 7z to extract the file
7z x yourfile.zip

After that, convert the encoding of those filenames yourself:
convmv --notest -f from_encoding -t utf-8 -r your_extracted_folder/

This works for me.. from_encoding in my case is tis-620 (which is a Thai encoding), you need to find an appropriate encoding of your language. A popular one usually solves the problem but if the file name is still unreadable then try  changing from_encoding to other things such as windows-1252 or shift-jis (Japanese) or whatever, you can list the available encoding using command:
convmv --list
iconv --list

This is very simple "how to solve" method for me.

A: Shell sh oneline script with iconv:
for f in /path/*.txt; do mv $f `echo $f | iconv -f 866 -t UTF-8`; done

Script above is loop doing iterate through whilecard and move files from one codepage (866) to another (utf8).
Same and with reading while-card from pipe line:
echo * | for f in `read f&&echo $f`; do mv $f `echo $f | iconv -f 866 -t UTF-8`; done

There is no output except access rights denied if any.
Also warning is possible when filename is the same in both codepage, because it appears as move file to same path.

A: Wrote a patch for unzip fixing this issue:
https://sourceforge.net/p/infozip/patches/29/
The same patch for p7zip:
https://sourceforge.net/p/p7zip/bugs/187/

A: Since unzip is mangling the encoding of non-ascii file, the simplest workaround, as mentioned in other answers, is to switch to 7z and specifically to 7za which worked as expected on mac:
7za x '*.zip'

Note the use of quotes — this prevents expansion by the shell (bash, zsh, etc) and delegates the expansion to 7za.

Also, depends on your use case, but with 7za there was no need to explicitly specify the encoding — unlike unzip, it managed to infer the correct encoding.

A: python3 script to unpack cp866 archive:
#!/usr/bin/python3
from zipfile import ZipFile
import os
import sys

def extract(filepath, directory = '', listonly = False):
  with ZipFile(filepath, 'r') as zip:
    for name in zip.namelist():
      data = zip.read(name)
      unicode_name = name.encode('cp437').decode('cp866')
      type = "DIR" if zip.getinfo(name).is_dir() else "FILE"

      print(type, unicode_name)
      if listonly:
        continue
      if zip.getinfo(name).is_dir():
        continue

      unicode_name = directory + '/' + unicode_name
      dirpath = os.path.dirname(unicode_name)
      if not os.path.exists(dirpath):
        os.makedirs(dirpath)
      f = open(unicode_name, 'wb')
      f.write(data)
  return 0

kwargs = {}
i = 1
while i < len(sys.argv):
  arg = sys.argv[i]
  if arg[0] != '-':
    kwargs['filepath'] = arg
  elif arg == '-l':
    kwargs['listonly'] = True
  elif arg == '-h':
    kwargs['usage'] = True
  elif arg == '-d':
    i += 1
    kwargs['directory'] = sys.argv[i]
  i += 1

argc = len(kwargs)
if argc > 3:
  print("Error: Max. 3 args expected,", argc, "are given.")
  exit(1)

print("Arguments given:", kwargs)

if "usage" in kwargs:
  print("""
Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILEPATH")
Options:
  -l - list files only
  -d - output directory
""" % sys.argv[0])
  exit(1)

ret = extract(**kwargs)
exit(ret)

Example:
❯ ./unzip Budget_2020.zip -d dir
Arguments given: {'filepath': 'Budget_2020.zip', 'directory': 'dir'}
FILE Исполнение бюджета 2020 г/Исполнение бюджета 2020 года.pdf
DIR Исполнение бюджета 2020 г/Приложения к Заключению/
FILE Исполнение бюджета 2020 г/Приложения к Заключению/01_Прил_к Заключению Доходы.xls
FILE Исполнение бюджета 2020 г/Приложения к Заключению/02_Прил_к Заключению ГП.xlsx
FILE Исполнение бюджета 2020 г/Приложения к Заключению/03_Прил_к Заключению ГП ГРБС.xlsx
FILE Исполнение бюджета 2020 г/Приложения к Заключению/04_Прил_к Заключению ГП ИНД.pdf

A: With 7zip, You can specify the encoding to use with the -mcp switch.
To extract simplified Chinese zip files with GB18030 encoding (Code page 54936)
7z e -mcp=54946 zipname.zip

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package org.wso2.carbon.utils;

public final class ServerConstants {

    private ServerConstants() {
    }

    public static final String AUTHORIZATION_FAULT_CODE = "50978";
    public static final String AUTHENTICATION_FAULT_CODE = "50977";
    public static final String AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE_CODE = "50976";

    public static final String CARBON_HOME = "carbon.home";
    public static final String STRATOS_INSTANCE = "stratos.instance";
    public static final String CARBON_CATALINA_HOME = "carbon.catalina.home";
    public static final String LOCAL_IP_ADDRESS = "carbon.local.ip";
    public static final String TRANSPORTS_XML_PATH = "wso2.transports.xml";
    public static final String WSO2WSAS_ADMIN_PASSWORD = "wso2wsas.admin.password";
    public static final String CARBON_CONFIG_DIR_PATH = "carbon.config.dir.path";
    public static final String CARBON_LOGS_PATH = "carbon.logs.path";
    public static final String AXIS2_REPO = "axis2.repo";
    public static final String COMPONENT_REP0 = "components.repo";
    public static final String REGISTRY_XML_PATH = "wso2.registry.xml";
    public static final String USER_MGT_XML_PATH = "wso2.user.mgt.xml";
    public static final String CARBON_TENANTS_DIR_PATH = "tenants.dir.path";

	//Constants related to Proxy Context Path
	public static final String PROXY_CONTEXT_PATH = "MgtProxyContextPath";
	public static final String WORKER_PROXY_CONTEXT_PATH = "ProxyContextPath";

    /**
     * Mode in which Carbon is started as a Repo writer, where the
     * metadata of the artifacts  in the repo are written to the Registry
     */
    public static final String REPO_WRITE_MODE = "carbon.repo.write.mode";

    public static final String AUTHENTICATION_ADMIN_SERVICE = "AuthenticationAdmin";
    public static final String AUTHENTICATION_SERVICE_NS = "http://authentication.services.core.carbon.wso2.org";
    public static final String AUTHENTICATION_SERVICE_USERNAME = "username";
    public static final String GENERAL_SERVICES = "GeneralServices";

    public static final String HTTP_TRANSPORT = "http";
    public static final String HTTPS_TRANSPORT = "https";
    public static final String LOCAL_TRANSPORT = "local";

    public static final String PASSWORD_EXPIRATION = "passwordExpires";
    public static final String SERVICE_TYPE = "serviceType";

    /**
     * This is the key of the System property which indicates whether the server is running
     * is standalone mode.
     */
    public static final String STANDALONE_MODE = "wso2.server.standalone";

    //=============================================
    //          Service Types
    //=============================================
    public static final String SERVICE_TYPE_EJB = "ejb_service";
    public static final String SERVICE_TYPE_POJO = "pojo_service";
    public static final String SERVICE_TYPE_SPRING = "spring_service";
    public static final String SERVICE_TYPE_DB = "data_service";
    public static final String SERVICE_TYPE_OTHER = "other_service";

    //=============================================
    //          HTTP Constants
    //=============================================
    public static class HTTPConstants {
        public static final String MEDIA_TYPE_X_WWW_FORM = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
        public static final String MEDIA_TYPE_APPLICATION_XML = "application/xml";
        public static final String MEDIA_TYPE_TEXT_XML = "text/xml";
        public static final String MEDIA_TYPE_MULTIPART_RELATED = "multipart/related";

        /**
         * @deprecated
         */
        public static final String HTTP_METHOD_GET = "GET";
        public static final String HTTP_METHOD = "HTTP_METHOD";
        /**
         * @deprecated
         */
        public static final String HTTP_METHOD_POST = "POST";
        public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "ContentType";
        public static final String HTTP_RESPONSE_STATE = "HTTP_RESPONSE_STATE";

        public static final String ANNOTATION = "annotation";
    }

    //=============================================
    //          Tools Constants
    //=============================================
    public static final String XML_VALIDATOR_GROUP = "archive-validator";
    public static final String WSDL_CONVERTER = "wsdlconverter";
    public static final String WSDL_VIEW = "wsdlview";

    //=============================================
    //          Admin Constants
    //=============================================
    public static final String ADMIN_SERVICE_GROUP = "wso2wsas-administration";
    public static final String STATISTICS_SERVICE_GROUP = "wso2statistics";
    public static final String TRACER_SERVICE_GROUP = "wso2tracer";
    public static final String CODEGEN_SERVICE_GROUP = "wso2codegen";

    public static final String ADMIN_MODULE = "wso2wsas-admin";
    public static final String TRACER_MODULE = "wso2tracer";
    public static final String STATISTICS_MODULE = "wso2statistics";

    public static final String USER_LOGGED_IN = "wso2carbon.admin.logged.in";
    public static final String ADMIN_SERVICE_COOKIE = "wso2carbon.admin.service.cookie";
    public static final String ADMIN_SERVICE_AUTH_TOKEN = "wso2carbon.admin.service.cookie";
    public static final String PARAMETER_ADMIN_SERVICE = "adminService";
    public static final String USER_PERMISSIONS = "user-permissions";

    public static final String SERVER_REGISTERED = "wso2wsas.server.registered";

    public static final String CARBON_SERVER_XML_NAMESPACE = "http://wso2.org/projects/carbon/carbon.xml";

    public static final String ADMIN_ROLE = "admin";
    public static final String WSO2WSAS_HB_CONFIG_KEY = "wso2wsas.db.HibernateConfig";

    public static final String TRACING_SERVICE_GROUP_FILTERS = "wso2wsf.tracer.sg.filters";
    public static final String TRACING_SERVICE_FILTERS = "wso2wsf.tracer.service.filters";

    public static final String FILE_RESOURCE_MAP = "file.resource.map";
    public static final String WORK_DIR = "WORK_DIR";
    public static final String CARBON_INSTANCE = "local_WSO2_WSAS";
    public static final String SERVER_NAME = "WSO2";
    public static final String GENERATED_PAGES = "local_wso2wsas.generated.pages";
    public static final String CONFIGURATION_CONTEXT = "CONFIGURATION_CONTEXT";
    public static final String STS_NAME = "wso2carbon-sts";

    public static class Axis2ParameterNames {
        public static final String CONTEXT_ROOT = "contextRoot";
        public static final String SERVICE_PATH = "servicePath";
        public static final String REST_PATH = "restPath";
    }

    public static class ContextPaths {
        public static final String UPLOAD_PATH = "/fileupload";
        public static final String DOWNLOAD_PATH = "/filedownload";
        public static final String SERVER_PATH = "/server";
    }

//    public static class Logging {
//        public static final String LOG_FILE_PATTERN = "log.file.pattern";
//        public static final String LOG_CONSOLE_PATTERN = "log.console.pattern";
//        public static final String LOG_MEMORY_PATTERN = "log.memory.pattern";
//        public static final String MEMORY_APPENDER = "MemoryAppender";
//
//        // global system settings
//        public static final String SYSTEM_LOG_LEVEL = "wso2wsas.system.log.level";
//        public static final String SYSTEM_LOG_PATTERN = "wso2wsas.system.log.pattern";
//        public static final String SYSTEM_LOG_IS_LOADED = "wso2wsas.system.log.is.loaded";
//
//        public static final String WSO2WSAS_CONSOLE_APPENDER = "WSO2WSAS_CONSOLE";
//        public static final String WSO2WSAS_FILE_APPENDER = "WSO2WSAS_LOGFILE";
//        public static final String WSO2WSAS_MEMORY_APPENDER = "WSO2WSAS_MEMORY";
//
//        public static final int MEMORY_APPENDER_BUFFER_SZ = 200;
//    }

/*    public static class Security {
        public static final String SECURITY_NAMESPACE = "http://www.wso2.org/products/wsas/security";
        public static final QName SUMMARY_QN = new QName(SECURITY_NAMESPACE, "Summary");
        public static final QName DESCRIPTION_QN = new QName(SECURITY_NAMESPACE, "Description");
        public static final QName ID_QN = new QName("id");
        public static final QName CATEGORY_QN = new QName(SECURITY_NAMESPACE, "Category");
        public static final QName MODULES_QN = new QName(SECURITY_NAMESPACE, "Modules");

        public static final QName TYPE = new QName(CARBON_SERVER_XML_NAMESPACE, "Type");
        public static final QName PASSWORD = new QName(CARBON_SERVER_XML_NAMESPACE, "Password");
        public static final QName LOCATION = new QName(CARBON_SERVER_XML_NAMESPACE, "Location");
    }*/
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Oakfield Road, Frome, Somerset, BA11 4JF
http://www.oakfieldacademy.co.uk/
Welcome to Oakfield! Our pupils enjoy an inspirational learning environment and benefit from creative staff, wonderful facilities and beautiful grounds situated next to open countryside.
We educate children aged between 9 -13 years old and you can find us on the edge of the Mendip Hills, overlooking the medieval market town of Frome.
The ability to deliver a seamless transfer and heartfelt welcome for year 4 pupils arriving into year 5 has earned Oakfield an enduring reputation as a friendly and encouraging community. The academy also aims to ensure our year 8 pupils also experience a smooth transfer to Frome Community College, confident and fully prepared.
At Oakfield we educate to the highest standard, within an atmosphere that facilitates academic progression and encourages creative expression.
Oakfield Academy Vision
Oakfield Academy is focused upon the well- being and education of the young people in our community.
Our aim is to enable every pupil at the Academy to achieve their full academic potential, to nurture and encourage each of them to become a well-rounded person with a lifelong love of learning, able to build positive relationships and be a happy, confident member of the community.
We know that we live in a world that is changing rapidly and our pupils need to be equipped with the skills for life. Literacy and numeracy are the core of these skills. Our pupils must also have resilience, adaptability and creativity.
The staff and governors of Oakfield Academy will strive to work with pupils and their parents in providing an outstanding educational experience to achieve our aim. We believe that a happy and healthy environment, encouraging hard work and independence, is the right of.
If you're searching for your next post, why not contact us now? You'll be working at a great school and be part of a friendly, helpful team. We're always interested to hear from enthusiastic, committed individuals - send us your CV now via our School Talent Pool and say what sort of role you're looking for. By joining our School Talent Pool we'll know you're interested in working here when a future vacancy occurs.
Join Talent Pool
Subscribe Bulletin


text:
LYRASIS Consortium Enhances Member Access to Journal Content through Purchasing Agreement with Reprints Desk
Research Solutions Subsidiary Reprints Desk® Becomes a Preferred Vendor
for LYRASIS, One of the Largest Library Consortia in the U.S.
ENCINO, CALIF., and ATLANTA, GEORGIA, March 21, 2016 — Research Solutions, Inc. (OTCQB: RSSS), a pioneer in providing on-demand access to scientific, technical and medical (STM) information for research-intensive companies and organizations, and LYRASIS, a membership organization serving libraries, museums, and archives, announced today that Reprints Desk's A-Z Academic Article Delivery Collection will be made available to the consortium's 1,200 member libraries and cultural institutions at specially negotiated prices. LYRASIS member libraries benefit from using the award-winning Article Galaxy™ software platform to retrieve scholarly journal articles that are not available via subscriptions. In addition, member institutions can analyze spend management and content acquisition costs, ensuring cost-effectiveness of interlibrary loan and article delivery services.
"By supplementing subscriptions with article delivery services from Reprints Desk, LYRASIS members are able to provide fast access to the critical content required by their respective faculty members and students," said Celeste Feather, Sr. Director of Licensing and Strategic Partnerships at LYRASIS. "In the bigger picture, commercial document delivery solution providers like Reprints Desk can also help LYRASIS academic libraries diversify their collection management strategies and accommodate patrons' dynamically changing information needs."
The A-Z Academic Article Delivery Collection powered by Reprints Desk is comprised of specially priced scholarly journal articles from more than 40,000 academic publications – including content often embargoed by interlibrary loan (LL) – and millions of book chapters from hundreds of thousands of titles. Reprints Desk provides a high-quality PDF within minutes of each order received and offers the service for a low transactional service fee plus a special academic royalty charge as low as fifteen U.S. dollars.
"Reprints Desk is honored to announce our new collaboration with LYRASIS", said Tony Landolt, Business Development at Reprints Desk. "LYRASIS member institutions can look forward to rapid access to full-text journal articles, 24/7 customer support, and special copyright royalties that provide another sourcing option beyond traditional interlibrary loan."
About LYRASIS
LYRASIS, a non-profit membership organization, partners with member libraries, archives and museums to create, access and manage information with an emphasis on digital content, while building and sustaining collaboration, enhancing operations and technology, and increasing buying power. For more information, please visit www.lyrasis.org.
Operating through its wholly owned subsidiary, Reprints Desk®, Inc., Research Solutions, Inc. (OTCQB: RSSS) is a pioneer in providing on-demand access to scientific, technical, and medical (STM) information for life science companies, academic institutions and other research intensive organizations. More than 70 percent of the top 25 pharmaceutical companies in the world rely on services powered by Research Solutions. Article Galaxy™, the company's cloud-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) solution, gives customers access to the over one million newly published articles each year in addition to tens of millions of articles previously published, helping them to create and speed discoveries, save time and money, and remain copyright-compliant. Research Solutions has arrangements with numerous STM content publishers that allow electronic access and distribution of their content. In addition to serving end users of content, the company also serves STM publishers by facilitating compliance with applicable copyright laws. For more information about Research Solutions, visit www.researchsolutions.com.
Important Cautions Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This release contains "forward-looking statements" that include information relating to future events and future financial and operating performance. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which that performance or those results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time they are made and/or management's good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause these differences include, but are not limited to: changes in economic conditions; general competitive factors; acceptance of the Company's products in the market; the Company's success in obtaining new customers; the Company's success in technology and product development; the Company's ability to execute its business model and strategic plans; the Company's success in integrating acquired entities and assets, and all the risks and related information described from time to time in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including the financial statements and related information contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K and interim Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Examples of such forward-looking statements in this release include statements regarding the expected continued market acceptance of the Article Galaxy platform. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Topics: LYRASIS, Consortia, Libray


text:
Brand-Building for a Brighter Future
We believe that every company has a duty to be kind to our planet and to one another. That's why for more than 35 years, we've dedicated time, money and effort to building a greener world, giving back to our community and supporting our people. We call it Design for a Difference—because "Corporate Social Responsibility Report" is just a mouthful.
We're a global collective of brand-obsessed creative and thought leaders who share a passion for sustainability and the value it brings to brands. We put this passion to work every year, always striving to improve our company's impact on people, communities and the environment.
Getting involved in the community is one of our favorite ways to spread the love. Here are a few ways we brightened our neighborhood this year:
hours donated to
employees participated in the annual design blitz
organizations supported by LPK
LPK employees serve on community boards
Founding member of Conscious Capitalism, Cincinnati chapter
More Home to Roam
We partnered with the Cincinnati Zoo—known as the Greenest Zoo in America—to develop messaging and ideas for their largest campaign ever. More Home to Roam will help the zoo dramatically enhance animal habitats (for elephants, polar bears, rhinos, kangaroos and more), improve the visitor experience and reach their goal of net zero energy, water and waste.
Every year, we try to find new ways to do our part for a safer, greener earth. Check out our progress this year:
Member of the Greater Cincinnati Green Business Council
trees saved since 1998
less energy consumption
in kWh
.06%
more water consumption
in gallons
Recycling Technology
We recycled nearly a ton (1400 lbs) of outdated technology last year, which roughly equates to saving:
gallons of gas
(CO2 emissions)
acres of fir forests (carbon sequestration)
propane cylinders (CO2 emissions)
We believe we have some of the best, most creative talent working within our walls. Here's how we nurtured and supported our people this year:
of employees utilize alternative work schedules
employees attended conferences, seminars, workshops, and trainings
company-sponsored arts and cultural events
of LPK execs started as interns
Celebrating the Olympic Spirit
To honor the 2018 Winter Olympics, we hosted fun events in our offices around the world, starting with a torch ceremony and target shooting with Nerf guns. Over the next few weeks, we built relationships and promoted good health by competing in snowshoeing, curling, speed cup stacking, and snowman building.
For over 35 years, we've been dedicated to doing our part to respect and care for the world around us. We're continually searching for new ways to give back to our community, invest in our people, save energy and water, and recycle more.
We believe in doing good—to one another, to our community and to our world. Not for the good press, not for the money, not for the relationships, not even for the goodwill we feel inside when we help others. We do it because it's the right thing to do.
Sarah Tomes
Back to Views & News


text: export { CalculationAlt as default } from "./";


A compact course, run over a single weekend with the licence exam on the Sunday afternoon. The quickest way to get your licence and begin a hobby for a lifetime.
Building on the success of previous years, the Flight Refuelling Amateur Radio Society is once again proud to host the most popular rally on the South coast.
Indoor and outdoor areas full of radio, computing, and electronics traders.
Hamfest is located in the grounds of the Cobham Sports and Social Club, who provide a licensed bar as well as hot food and other refreshments.
Lecture stream and demonstrations presented throughout the day, open to all.
FRARS HQ will be open to the public with its outstanding facilities on display.
Clubs and Associations join us to meet with the amateur community.
Live Contest station will be operating, taking part in a contest, in the FRARS clubhouse.
Free Children's Play Area conveniently situated next to the main Hamfest field and seating area.
Free Car Parking next to the event site.
Disabled parking On site, for blue badge holders only.
If you already have a Foundation Licence and would like to take your next step in Amateur Radio then why not enrol on our Intermediate Licence course.
This course is 2 weekends of classroom training 2/3 November and 16/17 November (with the middle weekend off for your own private study), all the practical assessments and guidance.
The only 'extra' you need to consider is that students must build a radio related project in their own time but will be required to demonstrate it working on the course. We can recommend a variety of kits and these are required to demonstrate a student's ability to identify components, solder etc. The training team is on hand to help if you get stuck. The core is that it must be an 'off the shelf' kit, be related to the hobby in some way and must require soldering of individual components.
The exam is held on the second Sunday afternoon and indicative results will be given on the day. You can select to take the exam on paper or via the online test system.


HEWG welcomes research in any stage, from nascent ideas to polished presentations. However, our grant program (internal, for Harvard students) focuses on those who presented research designs in HEWG and need some money to help them pilot their projects.
Grants are available to anyone who has presented at the workshop. Because the working group aims to foster a dedicated group for constructive feedback, preference will be given to applicants who regularly attend HEWG or who demonstrate (e.g. through providing written feedback to presenters they can't be there for) a commitment to helping others in the group. The workshop is open to all graduate students in the Department of Government; if you are interested in participating, please contact David Romney (dromney@fas.harvard.edu) to be put on our mailing list.
Grants of approximately $300 - 500 will be offered, after considering the quality of the application and the applicant's participation in the workshop, to those who (1) present a research design in the workshop, (2) implement changes based on their HEWG feedback, and (3) submit a research design (approximately two pages), a draft of their experimental instrument, and budget on or before one of our four deadlines throughout the 2018-2019 year: October 26, December 7, March 8, and May 3. Please include any other sources of funding you have procured in your budget. At each of these deadlines, 1-3 projects will be approved for funding, depending on the number of people who apply and funds available. Submissions should have IRB approval or be under review, and the HEWG faculty sponsor will review each submission.
If you are interested in applying, please email your submission to David Romney (dromney@fas.harvard.edu) on or before one of our four deadlines. Please feel free to be in touch about the process before the deadlines as well.


text:
Meet the hackers who sell spies the tools to crack your PC (and get paid six-figure fees)
Andy Greenberg writes: At a Google-run competition in Vancouver last month, the search giant's famously secure Chrome Web browser fell to hackers twice. Both of the new methods used a rigged website to bypass Chrome's security protections and completely hijack a target computer. But while those two hacks defeated the company's defenses, it was only a third one that actually managed to get under Google's skin.
A team of hackers from French security firm Vupen were playing by different rules. They declined to enter Google's contest and instead dismantled Chrome's security to win an HP-sponsored hackathon at the same conference. And while Google paid a $60,000 award to each of the two hackers who won its event on the condition that they tell Google every detail of their attacks and help the company fix the vulnerabilities they had used, Vupen's chief executive and lead hacker, Chaouki Bekrar, says his company never had any intention of telling Google its secret techniques—certainly not for $60,000 in chump change.
"We wouldn't share this with Google for even $1 million," says Bekrar. "We don't want to give them any knowledge that can help them in fixing this exploit or other similar exploits. We want to keep this for our customers."
Those customers, after all, don't aim to fix Google's security bugs or those of any other commercial software vendor. They're government agencies who purchase such "zero-day" exploits, or hacking techniques that use undisclosed flaws in software, with the explicit intention of invading or disrupting the computers and phones of crime suspects and intelligence targets.
In that shady but legal market for security vulnerabilities, a zero-day exploit that might earn a hacker $2,000 or $3,000 from a software firm could earn 10 or even 100 times that sum from the spies and cops who aim to use it in secret. Bekrar won't detail Vupen's exact pricing, but analysts at Frost & Sullivan, which named Vupen the 2011 Entrepreneurial Company of the Year in vulnerability research, say that Vupen's clients pay around $100,000 annually for a subscription plan, which gives them the privilege of shopping for Vupen's techniques. Those intrusion methods include attacks on software such as Microsoft Word, Adobe Reader, Google's Android, Apple's iOS operating systems and many more—Vupen bragged at HP's hacking competition that it had exploits ready for every major browser. And sources familiar with the company's business say that a single technique from its catalog often costs far more than its six-figure subscription fee.
This entry was posted in cyberwarfare on March 30, 2012 by News Sources.
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