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Can We Get School Accountability Policy Right?
Rick Hess Straight Up
Education policy maven Rick Hess of the American Enterprise Institute think tank offers straight talk on matters of policy, politics, research, and reform. Read more from this blog.
By Guest Blogger — November 30, 2018 4 min read
For another week, Rick will be out discussing his new edited volume, Bush-Obama School Reform: Lessons Learned. While he's away, several of the contributors are stopping by and offering their reflections on what we've learned from the Bush-Obama era. In this final week of guest bloggers, you'll hear from Deven Carlson, an associate professor of political science at the University of Oklahoma. He'll be sharing thoughts on the evolution of testing and accountability, the unintended consequences, and whether we can ever get testing and accountability "right."
We've learned a good deal about accountability policy in the past 15-plus years. We've learned lessons about the politics of accountability, the test score increases generated by accountability systems, and the unintended legacies of the accountability era. In light of everything we've learned over this period, it is reasonable to ask whether we could ever get accountability "right"—whether we can design and implement systems that both achieve our collective goals and command broad, long-term political support.
To get to the bottom line, no, I don't think we can get accountability right. I'm pessimistic on this score for two main reasons.
First, the accountability era made clear that we, as a nation, don't agree on the purpose of K-12 schooling. Or, at least, we don't agree on the ideal balance of the various things we want schools to do. I see this as perhaps the most important lesson of the accountability era. Some folks want schools to primarily focus on developing skills, particularly in reading and math, that will prepare students for success in college and the workforce. Others prefer a broader focus that helps students develop curiosity and a love of learning, with less explicit attention to college and career considerations. And between these two poles, you can find folks at nearly every point of the broad spectrum regarding the purpose of schooling.
Of course, tensions over the purpose of schooling are hardly new; they've existed as long as education itself. It's just that No Child Left Behind (NCLB)—and the accountability era more generally—brought them to the surface by effectively privileging one conceptualization of the purpose of schools over any other. It privileged the viewpoint of those who see the primary aim of schools as developing skills to ready students for college and the workforce. Unsurprisingly, folks with different views of the purpose of schooling pushed back against accountability systems designed around reading and math scores. Although this pushback was, at least on its face, against the accountability systems, it was ultimately rooted in profound disagreements over the appropriate purpose and design of schooling.
Because it is impossible to imagine these value differences disappearing any time soon, it is difficult to imagine any accountability system that adequately balances all stakeholders' priorities and addresses their concerns. Any accountability system would induce a constant stream of complaints about this provision being too strong or that requirement being irrelevant, just as has been the case over the past 15-plus years.
Second, I'm pessimistic that we can get accountability right because I don't think we can design any system that gets everyone—states, schools, and districts—to behave as intended. It is a near-guarantee that any policy will leave open some loopholes or will create perverse incentives.
For example, right now there are some faint noises in the policy arena about incorporating measures of social and emotional learning into accountability systems. In one way, these noises make sense—most folks want schools to help students develop these sorts of skills. In another way, though, it isn't hard to imagine how efforts to measure these skills and hold schools accountable for their development could go very poorly. Some things we want schools to do simply aren't amenable to measurement, and trying to do so ends up creating many more problems than it solves.
So where does that leave us? Where do we go from here with accountability? It's difficult to make detailed predictions, but two broad contours seem clear. First, it seems likely that the testing and reporting requirements mandated in NCLB—and reiterated in the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)—will remain in place. The existence of information on student and school performance wasn't the problem during the accountability era, it was what we did with that information that proved problematic. Second, it seems likely that the NCLB-era accountability systems will continue the retreat that started under ESSA. Ultimately, we'll probably reach an equilibrium where schools and districts produce information—on test scores and other topics—but are subject to few formal rewards or sanctions on the basis of those results. That is, we will transition from accountability systems to transparency systems.
—Deven Carlson
The opinions expressed in Rick Hess Straight Up are strictly those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions or endorsement of Editorial Projects in Education, or any of its publications.
DigitalVision Vectors/Getty
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Alien Property Custodian Act: Hearing Before the Committee on Interstate and ...
By United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
American and the other class that which is not American. It seems to me that a bill could be framed at the present time that could cover the interests of Americans. Representative Butler's bill and Mr. Winslow's bill cover just one section of the first class; that is, the married woman's status. Certainly there is every reason why these women whose interests are affected by those bills should be restored to American citizenship, but there are a great many other women who are still American, never were married to alien enemies, and who are not helped by the bill in its present form.
Let me give you just one typical case. We represent a family of four women.
One is an elderly woman, the widow of an American, another is her daughter, who married an Austrian just before the war, and which Austrian has deserted her, and she doesn't know where he is. The other two are her daughters and the granddaughters of the elder woman. One of them married a German who was killed, and she has been repatriated; but as a result of the war her nerves have been so shattered that she is now in a sanitarium. The other one, her sister, an unmarried woman, American pure and simple, is in a very serious physical condition.
These women are all at Wiesbaden. Their property is in the hands of the Alien Property Custodian and it has been almost impossible for us to make arrangements for them. I wish to say that the Alien Property Custodian officials in that matter, to whom the facts were presented, all certified, first by our friendly Spanish representatives and then by the American consuls, have treated us with the utmost consideration; but their hands are tied.
Now, this is all American property. These women are in distress. They can not be moved. The older woman must stay there and take care of the younger women; and yet we can not do anything for them.
I have another instance of a man who
Mr. Jones (interposing). Let me get those people. There is a grandmother?
Mr. BUTLER. There is a grandmother and a daughter and two granddaughters. The grandmother is 75 years old and is just staying there to take care of the others.
Mr. Jones. She was an American?
Mr. BUTLER. They are all American born, every one of them. I have known the younger ones from childhood. They are to a certain extent a business family connection. As I say, the Alien Property Custodian has treated us in that matter with the greatest courtesy; but his hands are tied.
Now, we have another instance of a man-I think his estate was somewhere between $75,000 and $100,000—he is 80 years old and is unable to travel under present conditions in Germany. His letter was most pitiful. He can not leave where he is. He is in Germany somewhere. His nephew, a New York lawyer, who is one of our correspondents, is sending him $100 a month in some way or other. Of course, the old man is still subject to the alien-enemy act; at least, he is located in enemy territory. This nephew has no security for what he sends him. He has just advanced it in the hope that it will eventually be repaid. We submitted that case to one of the officials of the custodian office, who said it was a case of real distress and ought to be covered by some legislation. The man's record is perfectly good; he has an American passport; he can leave whenever his health will permit; but, meanwhile his property is tied up.
We raise no complaint about any of these matters. As I have already said, we have been treated most courteously. In these matters that have been held up we have shown that everything was in good faith, but the custodian's hands are tied. I am in hopes that this committee will see a way by which American money can be separated from the other money, and it seems to me that à bill can be provided which will alleviate the situation as to the cases out of the 45,000 to 50,000 total cases, involving American money, which I understand—although it is guesswork—are about 10,000 in number.
Mr. Jones. What do you mean by "American money"?
Mr. BUTLER. I mean to say money which was taken from Americans by reason of their location in Germany, or other causes other than their own alien enemy nationality. I do not suppose that Congress ever intended that Americans, merely because they were unfortunately detained in Germany, were to be permanently deprived of their property. Of course, Congress could never have intended that, because millions of that class of property have been given back to the parties who have come to this country. Only day before yesterday our office sent to an American who had been detained in Germany about $270,000, a warrant of the United States Government. That money had been taken because, owing to circumstances, he was caught when the war broke out in Germany and could not get back here until after the armistice. He kept his passport good; he came over here and only a few weeks ago we filed with the Alien Property Custodian a proper claim and the warrant was forthwith handed to us.
There are others, however, who have not been able to get back here. The poor ladies to whom I have referred, for instance. They would be glad enough to get away from Wiesbaden where they are and where they have been kept at enormous expense during the war by the voluntary advances in some cases of their friends, and which they will, of course, eventually repay when they are in a position to get back the property or have it released from the custodian's demand. There would be an absolute inequality if some of the Americans in Germany lost their property and others did not. We presume, therefore, that eventually all of this which I describe as "American money will come back to the parties. I don't know how many million dollars—Mr. Stellwagon could tell us—has already been repaid. I know that property worth several millions has gone through my office. It is going back as fast as they can give it back, but we are hampered by this necessity of getting the parties out of Germany. In the cases I refer to there has been no bad faith in remaining in Germany. It is the misfortune and not the desire of the parties, and it is hoped that some relief will be given them in this bill.
Now, there is another matter that I want to call your attention to.
The CHAIRMAN. Are these bills sufficient to cover cases that you have in mind?
Mr. BUTLER. No; I do not think that these bills are sufficient. Therefore, I shall take the liberty, if the committee is willing, of suggesting one or two amendments.
I said pos
The CHAIRMAN. You can do that in your hearing when you get the manuscript for correction.
Mr. BUTLER. I will submit to the committee before its next hearing some suggestions as to amendments and ask for their consideration.
Mr. DEWALT. Let me interrupt you just a moment. You stated a few moments ago that there were about 10,000 of these cases which were applicable to what you termed "American money." Now, granting that a good many of these cases are such as you have described, namely, that the parties unwillingly remain in Germany, or that they went there and could not get back, what assurance would there be if we passed general legislation, such as you suggest, that any or a great portion of these 10,000 people would not come here and get their money and then go back to Germany or go back to Austria and stay there?
Mr. BUTLER. In regard to that (speaking to Mr. Boggs) I think you stated that there were 6,000 or 8,000 American cases, Mr. Boggs. We, of course, only represent a few of them.
Mr. Boggs. I think possibly you misunderstood me. sibly there were as many as 6,000 or 8,000 cases which in one way or another had American affiliations. I did not mean that many American citizens.
Mr. BUTLER. I did not mean to say that there were 10,000 Americans in Germany. In speaking of "American money" 'I mean, of course, to include these American women who will be relieved by the Butler bill and the Winslow bill. How many of those there are, I don't know.
Mr. RAYBURN. How many years were your clients in Germany before the war was declared ?
Mr. BUTLER. They had been in Germany off and on for four or five years
before the war broke out. Mr. RAYBURN. Had they taken up a residence there?
Mr. BUTLER. They had not. They kept their passports regularly viséed. All to-day have passports granted within the last six months after investigation by the State Department and by consular agents who were sent there, as they have been sent in other cases, to investigate the why and 'the wherefore, of their remaining in Germany, and everything in that respect has been kept in accordance with State Department rules.
Mr. DEWALT. While your specific case which you have mentioned may be a very meritorious one, nevertheless the gentleman who just interrupted you said there were 6,000 or 8,000 of these cases which had American affiliations in Germany. Now the thought in my mind which I tried to convey is this: If there be that number of cases, some of which may be meritorious, on a par with the case that you have mentioned specifically, and others not meritorious, if you pass general legislation in regard to this matter, what assurance is there that a large proportion of these 6,000 or 8,000 cases will not get their money and then go back to Germany and stay there, and then Germany, if we are at war with it for an indefinite time, gets the benefit of that money? That is the thought in my mind.
Mr. BUTLER. In reply to that thought I would state that I believe in the last month or so very large amounts of money have been paid to people who were in Germany who have.come back, and there is absolutely no guarantee that they can not take the next steamer, if they can get a passport, and go to Europe and go into Germany. Í don't see how you could possibly stop that.
Mr. DEWALT. That doesn't remedy the evil.
Mr. BUTLER. But at the same time I do not think there should be a classification in favor of those who by physical ability, as in the case that I referred to, as of the gentleman who came and got the money, as against those who can not get here. He received his money day before yesterday, and if he wants to, he can go to Germany if he can get there. I do not see that the United States has any more possibility of controlling the eventual return to Germany of any person who gets back this money than it has of keeping anyone else from going to Germany. I can not see that you can put an embargo on that class of people who have had money in the hands of the Alien Property Custodian from getting their money and then going to Germany. Because, as I have said in regard to the party who received his money, I have no idea that he is going to Germany, but at the same time if he does want to go to Germany, and can get there, he can do so, regardless of whether he has just recovered his property or not.
Congress can not, in my opinion, create the classification, which now exists under the statute, by which some people can obtain their money and return to Germany and other people are not to be allowed to have their money for fear they might either go back to Germany or stay in Germany. I should not think that would be equal legislation. But the question that comes up and that I would like to ask the committee to consiler is the equal treatment of Americans—a bill by which there will be accorded to those Americans whose property has been taken and is now he iu by the custodian—unquestionably properly; unquestionably as a proper war measure; unquestionably as a measure which was absolutely necessary for the winning of the war, but certainly not with the intention that any American, who, by reason of the misfortune of being detained in Germany, should pay to the expense of his or her fortune 100 per cent thereof for the purpose of helping win
Mr. Jones. Let me see if I am too narrow in my definition of your idea of American money. American money is money in America belonging to American citizens in Germany or in Austria ?
Mr. BUTLER. Yes, sir.
Mr. JONES. Belonging to American citizens there?
Mr. Jones. At the time of the war and now?
Mr. BUTLER. Yes, sir. Or who may, by reason of the Butler and Winslow bills, be reinstated in their American rights. Of course, I understand the bill under consideration covers that.
Mr. JONES (interposing). That refers to married women.
Mr. BUTLER. Yes. So, in talking of American money I am simply asking that the suggestions very properly covered by the Butler and Winslow bills be so broadened that those particular married women would not be the only ones who benefited by it. That is to say, the distinction should not be made between the two sisters whom I refer to, one of whom would be—in that case it would be mother and
the war.
daughter-one of whom would be repatriated by the Winslow bill and get back her property, and the other, not having been married, would not get it back. What I am asking is that the bill should not be so narrow that in the same family a married sister would get back her property and an unmarried sister would not, when both have been kept in Germany for the same length of time and period, and both being half owners in the same fund, and both being American born.
Mr. Jones. Why should there be any distinction in the Winslow bill or the Butler bill in regard to the case that you cite if both sisters were American citizens?
Mr. BUTLER. If both sisters were American citizens and both were unmarried neither of them would get any relief.
Mr. JONES. And both women are American citizens?
Mr. BUTLER. In our case the two women happen to be mother and daughter, one of them, the mother, is married to a German; the other two, her daughters, are unmarried, one being now a widow.
Mr. Jones. Then, the one that is married to a German is not an American citizen!
Mr. BUTLER. Under the Winslow bill she would be repatriated and would get her money.
Mr. Jones. Suppose she is not made a citizen under the Winslow bill?
Mr. BUTLER. Even if not actually made an American citizen, the disability would be removed in her case, while, under that bill, the disability would not be removed in the case of her daughters, who are unmarried American women.
Mr. JONES. She would not be an American woman. She American citizen, is she?
Mr. BUTLER. She was. They were all Ani 1 born. The daughters were children of her former marriage to an American, now deceased.
Mr. Jones. But she married a German and she is not an American citizen.
Mr. BUTLER. No; she is no longer an American citizen, but her daughters are both American citizens and have their passports.
Mr. Jones. The Winslow bill does not attempt to make an American citizen or to naturalize.
Mr. BUTLER. Instead of saying "restored to citizenship" I should have said " disability removed and ability given to get the money." The Winslow bill would remove from the mother the disability to recover their property and would not remove it from the daughters. In all other respects they would be identical, but one, by reason of having married the German would get back her money, and the others by not having married Germans would not be able to get it back, which I hardly think would be exactly a fair deal.
Now, there is one other question which I want to bring up, and whether it could be included in this bill or not, I do not know but it is: Where an American had property-was in Germany-and had property which was invested and the Alien Property Custodian took it over in kind, that property has been producing an income, and on its being surrendered to the party from which it was taken, it carries with it all of the income which it has earned. We have
ot an

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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AmeriCorps Somerset County
The mission of the AmeriCorps Somerset County Program was to improve the health and well-being of low income seniors and adults in central and northern Maine. We empowered community members to use available health and social resources, set realistic goals, and problem solve barriers to accessing services. Our priority was to connect older adults to primary care services, food support, and opportunities to volunteer and socialize. AmeriCorps members in our program trained as Community Health Workers who provide one-on-one support to individuals and families. Members were also trained to facilitate evidence-based group health classes such as Living Well for Better Health and the National Diabetes Prevention Program.
AmeriCorps engages more than 75,000 members in intensive service annually to serve through nonprofit, faith-based, and community organizations at 21,000 locations across the country. These members help communities tackle pressing problems while mobilizing millions of volunteers for the organizations they serve. Since 1994, more than 980,000 Americans have provided more than 1.3 billion hours of service to their communities and country through AmeriCorps.
AmeriCorps is a program of the Corporation for National and Community Service, a federal agency that engages millions of Americans in service through its AmeriCorps, Senior Corps, Social Innovation Fund, and Volunteer Generation Fund programs and leads the President's national call to service initiative, United We Serve. For more information, visit NationalService.gov.
This program is available to all, without regard to race, color, national origin, disability, age, sex, political affiliation, or, in most instances, religion.
Back to Preventing Disease and Promoting Healthy Behaviors
Region Served: Somerset County
Focus Areas: community health workers, self-management of chronic disease, improving access to primary care and food support for older adults, volunteerism
Funders: Maine Commission for Community Service the Corporation for National and Community Service.
Contact: Danielle Louder, Co-Director – dlouder@mcdph.org, 207-622-7566 x225 or Elizabeth Foley, MBA, Co-Director – efoley@mcdph.org, 207-622-7566 x297


Greenmanpros approach's every project with an open mind, keeping the big picture in focus at all times. We are interested in building a lasting relationship with not only our clients but our sub contractors, architects and vendors alike. In doing so we create a winning team, every time. All this is made possible by our commitment to open communication, transparency and flexibility. We pride ourselves, not only in our follow through on a project, but our follow up as well.
With 30yrs owning a general contracting firm, Jay has experienced working both in field and project management. Having an understanding of both aspects of the business is what sets Jay apart from many general contractors. Having the field knowledge & the abilities to switch roles is a key component in eliminating the "grey" area that can exist between sub contractors, architects and clients alike. In keeping this balance & understanding between parties allows Jay to develop a team. Working as a team helps to keep the big picture in mind, a project to stay on schedule, on budget and the lines of communication open at all times.


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Friday: The Alex Jones Show. Doctor Reveals How To Defeat Monsanto
On this Friday, September 4th edition of the Alex Jones Show, We take a look at Donald Trump's GOP loyalty oath and Sen. Rand Paul's belief it will be a disaster for the country. We also take a look at an Infowars special report on the British royal crown's connections to the Nazis, the arrogance of Team Clinton as they refuse to cooperate with the FBI on the email server scandal, how the fall of the US stock market would take down the global financial system, and the continuing saga of Planned Parenthood and the reprehensible sale of aborted babies. On today's worldwide broadcast we talk with alternative medicine proponent, osteopathic physician, and web entrepreneur Dr. Joseph Mercola and Tami Monroe Canal, the founder of March Against Monsanto. - Watch now
Exposed:A World Run By Powerful Pedophiles
British Entertainer Jimmy Saville openly flaunted abusing 177 patients between the ages of 5 and 75 at 41 hospitals, keeping their eyeballs as souvenirs, and victimized young girls on national television. British Royalty,U.S. Presidents, powerful politicians, top-law enforcement, influential lawyers, bankers, entertainment execs,Fortune 500 businessmen, and Fire Captains are just some of the key influence keeping this horror in the dark. But their evil intentions will be exposed when the light shines on them. Four decades later those chickens have come home to roost as evidence escalates on the cancerous perversion that has festered secretly in the backrooms of the elite. Criminal activity the bought and paid for politicians and media ignore in the interest of national security. - Watch now


text:
/*
 * 2012-3 Red Hat Inc. and/or its affiliates and other contributors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.overlord.rtgov.epn.testdata;

import org.overlord.rtgov.epn.EventList;
import org.overlord.rtgov.epn.NotificationListener;

public class TestNotificationListener implements NotificationListener {

    private java.util.List<Entry> _entries=new java.util.Vector<Entry>();

    public void notify(String subject, EventList events) {
        _entries.add(new Entry(subject,events));
    }

    public java.util.List<Entry> getEntries() {
        return (_entries);
    }

    public class Entry {
        private String _subject=null;
        private EventList _events=null;

        public Entry(String subject, EventList events) {
            _subject = subject;
             _events = events;
        }

        public String getSubject() {
            return (_subject);
        }

        public EventList getEvents() {
            return(_events);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This recipe first appeared on the Bridgeport Farmers Market Let's Get Fresh site.
I am on a mission once again this outdoor farmers market season to show you all how you can create a delicious recipe purchasing mostly locally grown & raised produce and meats at your local farmers market. I started this locally inspired recipe series last summer, and I am thrilled to be continuing the series this year as well. Each month I will be sharing a recipe here to the blog inspired by and featuring some of my own personal favorite fresh & local finds from my local market.
This hearty enough for a farmer pizza starts with a homemade corn flour crust and is then topped with crispy bacon, sweet & savory pork sausage slices, sauteed garlic scapes, and for good measure I cracked 3 farm fresh eggs right on top. I literally used no cheese or sauce on this pizza, & it was absolutely amazing! Now that's not to say that you can't add a little sprinkle of cheese over top of this. I would just add it on before you crack the eggs on top.
If you can't find corn flour at your local farmers market or grocery store, you can substitute corn meal instead. It may make your crust a tad bit denser though.
If fresh garlic scapes are not available (or are out of season already), you could easily swap in green onions or leeks.
You can most definitely add veggies to this pizza or swap out the meat entirely for your favorite vegetables to make this pizza vegetarian. Red or yellow bell peppers, mushrooms, fresh spinach, and sliced summer tomatoes would be amazing on this.
You could also cheese up this pizza with your favorite shredded cheese (think cheddar, Colby jack, Swiss, etc.), but be sure to sprinkle on the cheese before you crack the eggs on top.
Preheat your oven to 425 degrees. Grease a 12-inch cast iron skillet with canola oil. Set aside.
In large mixing bowl, combine the corn flour, yeast, sugar, & salt. Add the warm water & oil & mix until well blended.
Gradually add in the all purpose flour until a soft dough is formed.
Turn the dough out onto a floured surface. Knead until smooth & elastic, about 4 minutes. Roll the dough out into a 12-inch circle and then transfer to the prepared cast iron skillet.
Top the pizza dough with the chopped bacon & sliced sausage. Sprinkle the sauteed garlic scapes over top. Carefully crack each of the eggs onto the top of the pizza.
Season each of the eggs with a little salt & pepper. Let cool to warm & then top with freshly chopped parsley, if desired. Slice, serve, & enjoy!


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Jujuy Salta Misiones Cordoba Buenos Aires La Pampa Mendoza Neuquen Chubut Rio Negro Santa Cruz Tierra del Fuego
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Cordoba, rich in history and culture
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Four hundred years ago, the action of Religious Orders were widespread in Cordoba. Both the Jesuits and later the Fransiscans left a great number of testimonies to their action. Numerous religious buildings and many of the architecture that can be seen in the City today, are living proof of their work. To the south of Cordoba City, Calamuchita Valley offers a strange mix of natural beauty and the local customs of immigrant with european descent. The northern part of Cordoba -and specifically the west portion- has been developed with the visitor in mind, for it has plenty of cultural activity all year round. Among the main destinations are Villa Carlos Paz, Lago San Roque, La Falda, La Cumbre and La Cumbrecita. Cordoba is home of the international folklore music festival "Cosquin".
Cordoba City
Cordoba is the second biggest city in Argentina after Buenos Aires. Close to natural resources and a priviledged location have made possible for Cordoba to have a strong political position in the national context. The City is covered by monasteries, a testimony of the activity prevalescent many centuries ago. Jesuits first, developed a very organized agricultural and educational system. Later Fransiscanos replaced the jesuits who had acquired wealth and power and had become a threat to the Spanish crown.
Walks through the City will reveal some of the secrets of these century old religious orders and how their doctrines have affected Cordoba's society to this very day. Just 38 km south of the city, Alta Gracia offers some of the same (was founded 400 years ago) plus the benefit of enjoying the country. Alta Gracia has become a summer village where Cordoba residents spend their leisure time from December through March.
One key attraction in Cordoba is the city of Alta Gracia, founded as a ranch to raise cattle and produce soft agricultural products as a means of generating income that will help sustain the "College of Cordoba" (Colegio Mayor de Cordoba). It originated around the year 1588 and expanded consideraby during the period of the jesuits (1643-1767). After the expulsion of the jesuits in 1767 the ranch and all related properties became part of the "Junta de Temporalidades" and everything is sold in a public auction in 1773. In 1900 Alta Garcia becomes a town and by 1940 it is declared a city.
At the foot of a small mountainrange called Sierras Chicas lies Villa General Belgrano. Surrounded by native trees called algarrobos, Villa general Belgrano is characterized by the fact that combines traditional argentine culture with a strong european background. Immigrants from Europe, mainly the Alps, started populating the region around the 30's. The architecture resembles any small european town. To preserve their past background the village...
organizes three main festivals: around March April 'La masa vienesa' takes place, then "Alpine Chocolate celebration is organized. Finally, the National beer Festival takes place in October and is by far, the most popular of them all. People all over the country join the villagers to have a sample of typical german beers and maybe some other beer not so europeans...
The famous "sierras cordobesas" is one of the main tourist attractions for locals. It comprises the areas of 'valle de punilla' (Crus del Eje, Capilla del Monte, La Falda, Carlos Paz, Cosquin), valles de traslasierra' (Dolores, San Pedro and Mina Clavero) and 'valle de calamuchita' (Alta Gracia, Villa gral Belgrano, La cumbrecita). Villa Carlos Paz (45,000 habitants) is by far the most important resort destination in Cordoba with more than 400 hotels. Bordering Lago San Roque, it makes for an ideal water sports vacation. The village has not only great infraestructure but also an active life day and night and has been a favorite vacation spot for locals for 50+ years.
Stay at local ranches
As strange as it may sound, the souhern region of misiones breeds cattle within the confines of local ranches, even though just north the landscape is of a jungle type. argentine cowboys would too live here. And just like gauchos, another key element of argentina's national identity developed here: the Mate. Hernandarias, Paraguay's Major at the time of the Jesuit settlements, noticed that native troops would cope better with the rigourous tasks imposed, than his own troops. He soon discovered that natives were drinking a beverage that later was heralded as yerba mate (the same name -mate- applies to the container that holds the drink, a small hollow pumpkin). By 1767, the 'mission' province -the one that was developed by the Jesuits and gave birth to the infusion, was over as the Spanish crown erradicated them from the colonies. All their assets turn into the property of the crown which later were sold or exploited. After 1810, what was left was kept by the Federal government and the churches were transformed into Fransiscans.
Map of Cordoba, Argentina
Discussing Cordoba in our forum
* First time in Cordoba
* About Cordoba
* Fly fishing in Cordoba
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We have shown you some of the most interesting aspects to be explored in this State. If you are interested in making a trip to Argentina and in particular to this region we recommend that you fill out our 'no commitment' vacation planner so that we can provide you with a more precise idea on the cost of a trip. It is possible to combine circuits and tours in this State with circuits in other States as well as neighboring countries, like Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay and even Bolivia for prolonged stays. Trips may range from just a few days to many weeks. Upon reception of the reservation form we will be in a better position to let you know detailed scheduling for a trip as well as specific activities that can be arranged in the area, plus all the information regarding how to get your air tickets, payments, travel insurances, transfers from where you are and the cost of the tour or vacation as per your choices. Please do not hesitate to contact us.
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