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Gli sfiorati è un film del 2011 scritto e diretto da Matteo Rovere, tratto dall'omonimo romanzo di Sandro Veronesi, con Andrea Bosca, Miriam Giovanelli, Claudio Santamaria, Michele Riondino, Massimo Popolizio.

Trama
Il giovane Méte, grafologo affascinato dalla psicologia nascosta dietro la scrittura, è in una situazione imbarazzante: si ritrova a dover prendersi cura della sorellastra Belinda, diciassettenne adolescente, durante le seconde nozze del padre, unico punto in comune tra i due. Per evitare la situazione, Méte si finge occupato con Damiano, amico donnaiolo, e Bruno, collega e padre separato. Ma Méte dovrà decidersi ad affrontare la sorellastra.

Distribuzione
Il film è stato distribuito nelle sale italiane il 2 marzo 2012 da Fandango, incassando  nel primo week-end e soffrendo la concorrenza di Posti in piedi in paradiso di Verdone.

Riconoscimenti
2012 - Nastro d'argento
 Premio Guglielmo Biraghi a Andrea Bosca
Nomination Migliore attore non protagonista a Michele Riondino

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Film drammatici
Film ambientati a Roma
Film basati su opere di narrativa
Film che trattano il tema dell'incesto


By now you know that the Spice Girls are reuniting for a tour in 2019. And if youre longing to go back to the 90s, then youre probably wondering how to get tickets to the Spice Girls reunion tour. The answer to that is actually quite simple! Read on and Ill give you all the info you need about scoring tickets to one of the Spice Girls 2019 shows.


n 1994, when Christopher Buckley published his comic novel Thank You For Smoking–a squib on the culture of spin-and-counterspin that, it's quaint to say, "pervades Washington these days,"–pop satire was just starting to shrink. Today, cutting edge lampoonery comes almost entirely in literal 800-word stories in The Onion and three minute, monotopical sketches on The Daily Show.
#ad#Both formats are crisp and smooth, of course, in quick drags. By contrast, to watch Thank You (which opens in movie theaters today) is to inhale an entire pack of satire in one breath.
Plot-wise, Thank You is The Insider turned inside out. In a seductively witty opening montage, Nick Naylor, lobbyist for the American Academy of Tobacco Sciences (Aaron Eckhart; the blonde wholesomeness, the dopey slickness–it's hard to escape the conclusion that this is the role he was genetically engineered to play) introduces himself, his words turning into machine gun bullets. "I'm the Colonel Sanders of cigarettes," he proclaims.
Yes he is. And Washington's chickens are out to get him. Reporter Heather Holloway (Katie Holmes; ugh) is working to expose him. Senator Finistirre of Vermont (William H. Macy; his interpretation of a Capitol Hill Democrat a conservative's guilty pleasure; well-meaning and wobbly in that William H. Macy kind of way on the outside, hypocritically cold and self-promoting on the inside) is leading a crusade to brand all cigarette packs with an oversized skull-and-crossbones. A former Marlboro Man (Sam Elliott) is about to go public with his lung cancer. And, to top it all off, cigarettes just aren't cool anymore.
Naylor aims for each in turn. He lambastes neo-puritan public-health officials, and charms a cancer-stricken boy, on daytime TV. He starts beguiling Holloway. He takes a briefcase full of cash to the Marlboro Man; and when he proves too reticent, Naylor spins him like a top (the mark of great satire: not even cancer victims get off easy).
To watch Naylor at work is to get Thank You's axial gag: He is a man no longer capable of not spinning, and the world doesn't care. By way of homework advice to his pre-teen son, he says "If you argue correctly, you're never wrong." Trying to convince his ex-wife to let his son go with him on his mission to Hollywood, where he plans to make cigarettes cool again by getting them back on the silver screen, he urges her to consider how many electoral votes California has.
Writer-director Jason Reitman, scion son of producer-director Ivan Reitman, does his best work on this level of detail. When Naylor meets with Hollywood super-agent Jeff Megall (Rob Lowe) to strike a deal for a sci-fi thriller, it's Megall's effortlessly fake personal assistant, Jack Bein (Adam Brody)–on camera for 90 seconds, tops–that you're glued to. This sort of attention fills every scene, every line, with sardonic expectation.
It also adds an over-clever quality that, in the second half of the film, foments a growing sense of confusion. Instance: Reitman made sure that throughout Thank You, no one is actually seen smoking. It is, as he notes, a film about the hysteria surrounding cigarettes. Not cigarettes themselves. Touché. But, following a bizarre kidnapping and some bizarre torture, when Naylor's doctor tells him he can't ever smoke again and Naylor starts to flip out, a haze descends. Wait, wait–did he even smoke in the first place?
Then there's the problem that couldn't have been avoided. Satire works when the world it presents–its targets: Public health as a moral issue, muculent politicians, licentious lobbying–is more ridiculous than the world its audience lives in. Everything in Thank You seems duly over-the-top. But not as over-the-top as it would have seemed back in 1994. We've come a long way, baby. When Buckley's book first came out, when it was still legal to smoke in public places, it would have been inconceivable to put a skull-and-crossbones on a pack of cigarettes; that's why it was as funny as it was. In 2006, the Canadian government earnestly covers a third of each pack with full color pictures of rotting yellow teeth, lung tumors, and stroke-gnarled brain tissue; kind of dulls the pirate emblem's comic brilliance. Likewise, the artless horse trading between big tobacco and movie studios comes across as slightly less farcical in light of Thank You's own rather obvious product-placement shots for Coke.
As it turns out, Naylor wasn't as successful at beguiling that reporter as he thought he was. Her reportage runs and his life of spin starts to wobble just as Senator Finistirre's hearings on the evils of tobacco get underway. The only thing that can redeem him is a little bit of libertarian-infused honesty. Can he muster it?
Thank You doesn't overwhelm, but its rich, flavorful execution will have you hankering (though remember, no research has conclusively proved a link to addiction) for more of the same.
–Louis Wittig is a writer living in New York City.
Louis Wittig — Louis Wittig is a writer and editor in New York City. He writes regularly on media (mostly the frivolous types) for National Review Online and the Weekly Standard Online.


Resume cover letter curriculum vitae and more letter and email examples and templates plus templates and formats for employment letters. Sometimes even after going through various websites samples tips etc it still is difficult to write an impressive cv. Livecareer has the most comprehensive library of resume samples by industry and job title to help you get the job you want.
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Apparso in 134 film tra il 1920 ed il 1947, morì nel 1958 a Riverside in California.
Tra i film a cui prese parte vi fu il cortometraggio del 1929, Concerto di violoncello del duo comico Stanlio e Ollio in cui interpreta il ruolo del capostazione.

Filmografia parziale
 Red Hot Finish, regia di William Watson - cortometraggio (1920)
 Buffalo Bill (In the Days of Buffalo Bill), regia di Edward Laemmle (1922)
 The Kentucky Derby, regia di King Baggot (1922)
 The Firebrand, regia di Alan James (1922)
 Riders of the Law, regia di Robert N. Bradbury (1922)
 L'ospite di mezzanotte (The Midnight Guest), regia di George Archainbaud (1923)
 The Phantom Fortune, regia di Robert F. Hill (1923)
 The Midnight Express, regia di George W. Hill (1924)
 Viva lo sport (The Freshman), regia di Fred C. Newmeyer e Sam Taylor (1925)
 Metropoli in fiamme (Barriers Burned Away), regia di W. S. Van Dyke (1925)
 Breed of the Sea, regia di Ralph Ince (1926)
 Legge di guerra (Court-Martial), regia di George B. Seitz (1928)
 Small Talk (1929)
 Concerto di violoncello (Berth Marks) (1929)
 L'ultimo eroe (The Last of the Duanes), regia di Alfred L. Werker (1930)
 La crociera del folle (The Ship from Shanghai), regia di Charles Brabin (1930)
 Onore di fantino (Sweepstakes), regia di Albert Rogell (1931)
 Dieci soldi a danza (Ten Cents a Dance), regia di Lionel Barrymore (1931)
 L'ultimo scandalo (Scandal for Sale), regia di Russell Mack (1932)
 Another Wild Idea (1934)

Collegamenti esterni

Nati in Illinois

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In 1995 Eddie Fisher sang with the London Philharmonic Orchestra but the final recordings were never released. Arranger-conductor Vincent Falcone said, "Frankly, these tracks were the best singing of his life."
Fisher had one of the biggest voices in the 1950s, and also was one of the most handsome stars in America in that time, helping him become one of the biggest stars of the day. He had many Top 10 and Number 1 hits, such as "Any Time", "Tell Me Why", I'm Walking Behind You" and "I Need You Now". He also had his own 15-minute music TV show, "Coke Time with Eddie Fisher" from 1953 to 1957, followed by the hour long variety show; "The Eddie Fisher Show" from 1957 to 1959. Fisher was also made famous with his many guest TV appearances and nightclub headlines.
In the end however, Fisher admitted to the Miami Herald in 1999, "It isn't the music that people remember most about me. It's the women." Fisher was married to Hollywood's 'girl next door', Debbie Reynolds from 1955 – 1959. This marriage ended when his best friend was killed in a plane crash, and he married his ex-wife, Hollywood's most beautiful actress of the time Elizabeth Taylor. They were divorced in 1964.
He went on to marry actress and singer Connie Stevens (1967 – 1969), former beauty queen Terry Richard (1975 – 1976) and Chinese businesswoman Betty Lin (1993 – 2001).
Fisher passed away in September, 2010. He was buried next to his final wife Betty Lin. His death was caused by complications from hip surgery.


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Reliance on any information provided by U-GO Products, its employees, others appearing on the Website at the invitation of U-GO Products, or other visitors to the Website is solely at your own risk.


Kate will most likely be one of the first contacts you'll have at the studio. From giving you a warm welcome and a boost of energy with her happy demeanor, answering all of your questions and ensuring you have the best possible experience every single time...she'll quickly become one of your favorite people to see each visit! She loves encouraging clients and the team to be the best they can!


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Q: Every Integral equals to zero? $$\int_a^b{f(x)}dx$$
let $u=k(x),$ where $ k(a)=0, k(b)=0 \\
k^{-1}(u)=x \\ (k^{-1})'(u) du =dx$
$$\int_{k(a)}^{k(b)} f(k^{-1}(u))\times (k^{-1})'(u)  du$$
$$=\int_{0}^{0} f(k^{-1}(u))\times (k^{-1})'(u) du$$
$$=0$$
If this is correct, then every integral would equal to zero, thus it has to be incorrect.

A: If $k(a) = 0 = k(b)$ then there is not exist $k^{-1}$
Well this $k$ is not inyective

A: Let us play the game with
$$k(x):=(x-a)(b-x)$$ so that
$$dk=(a+b-2x)\,dx.$$
When $x$ moves from $a$ to $b$, $k$ increases from $0$ to $\dfrac{(b-a)^2}4$, then decreases back to $0$. At the same time, the sign of $dk$ changes from positive to negative.
Hence we will have a partial integral from $a$ to $\dfrac{a+b}2$ with a positive sign and another from $\dfrac{a+b}2$ to $0$ with a negative sign. Hence these two integrals do not cancel each other.

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With many clients spanning 30 and 40 years, Hierl leads with relationships and service.
In this edition, we celebrate J. F. Ahern Co., who has been a part of the Hierl client family for over 50 years. Ahern is a mechanical, fire protection and pipe fabrication contractor in Fond du Lac with 14 office locations throughout the Midwest with approximately 1,400 employees. Beginning as a small steam heat and plumbing shop in 1880, Ahern has since become one of the largest, most respected specialty contractors in the nation. For more than 130 years, Ahern has focused on what matters most to clients to deliver value to their projects.
Thank you, Ahern, for your relationship over all of these years.
In 1856, the ' Fond du Lac Commonwealth' became the first…?


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Home of the Shreveport Metropolitan Ballet
2537 East 70TH Street Shreveport, LA 71105
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Home > Our Faculties > Elizabeth Aillet Ardoin
Elizabeth Aillet Ardoin
Elizabeth Aillet Ardoin, a Shreveport native, began her dance training at the age of 5. In 2001, she graduated with a B.F.A. in Dance Performance from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. After graduation, Elizabeth moved to New York City. While in New York, Elizabeth performed in a number of shows and venues Off-Broadway, worked for Carnival Cruise Lines and broadened her career opportunities with voice over training.
Elizabeth is completing her 14th year of teaching Jazz and Hip Hop at Shreveport Dance Academy and has over 20 years of teaching experience. She is the Director of the Jazz Ensembles at SDA and serves as the Production Director for the Shreveport Metropolitan Ballet. Elizabeth is a certified Pilates instructor, an active member of the Junior League of Shreveport/Bossier and on the Festival Planning Committee for the Red River Revel.
Elizabeth is a voice over artist and has done work for local and national businesses for several years.
Elizabeth is the proud mother of their two beautiful daughters, Mikayla and Mikenzie Morales and step mom to Savannah Ardoin. Elizabeth is married to Nick Ardoin.
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Chrysophyceae é um extenso agrupamento taxonómico de algas do filo Stramenopiles que vivem principalmente em águas doces. Estão descritas cerca de 1000 espécies, distribuídas por 4 ordens extantes.

Descrição

As crisofíceas são algas na maioria unicelulares, entre as quais se incluem espécies nas águas interiores (doces e salgadas) e nas águas marinhas. A par das diatomáceas e das xantofíceas, são um dos componentes principais do fitoplâncton.

As algas incluídas neste agrupamento apresentam como pigmentos fotossintéticos as clorofilas a e c e como pigmento acessório um carotenóide acastanhado, a fucoxantina. Em resultado da combinação das colorações destes pigmentos surge o tom verde-amarelado, com laivos de castanho, que está na base da designação algas-douradas que por vezes é utilizada para designar o grupo e está na etimologia do termo «Chrysophyceae».

Apresentam uma grande variedade no que respeita à morfologia e aos modos de nutrição, sendo a maioria fotoautótrofos, mas existindo também espécies que são heterótrofos (osmótrofos e fagótrofos).

Vivem na sua maioria em lagos e lagunas de águas doces límpidas e frias, mas algumas espécies são marinhas. Geralmente são formas unicelulares flageladas, ainda que muitas espécies formem colónias com formas por vezes muito elaboradas.

Muitas espécies apresentam paredes celulares ou intrincados esqueletos siliciosos ou orgânicos. Estão descritas cerca  de 1000 espécies de algas douradas.

Características

As algas da classe Chrysophyceae vivem principalmente em água doce, mas também ocorrem no solo húmido e no mar, onde constituem um importante componente do nanoplâncton.

As crisofíceas preferem habitats de águas límpidas e frias, embora também ocorram em águas de temperaturas mais elevadas. Dada a sua abundância entre o fitoplâncton, são em muitos ecossistemas uma das bases das respectivas cadeias tróficas, com grande importância na alimentação de peixes e crustáceos.

A maioria das espécies é fotossintética, embora o grupo também inclua formas mixótrofas e heterótrofas. Em condições de escassez de alimento podem trocar a fotossíntese por um modo de vida heterotrófico, nalguns casos desenvolvendo pseudópodes para reter o alimento, usualmente pequenos protistas. Em condições desfavoráveis podem formar cistos (denominados estomatocistos), constituídos por células individuais, permanecendo em dormência por largos períodos.

As crisofíceas, à semelhança dos restantes grupos de algas, apresentam uma grande variedade morfológica. Embora neste grupo a maioria das espécies seja unicelular, podem  agrupar-se em colónias, sendo a estrutura mais comum um talo ramificado. As células apresentam dois flagelos de tamanho e forma diferentes entre si (sendo por isso heterocontos) que se originam num dos lados da célula. O flagelo mais comprido apresenta duas filas de mastigonemas rígidos, enquanto que o mais curto apresenta apenas umas poucas fibrilhas.

As células podem ser nuas, e algumas espécies são capazes de movimento ameboide. Outras podem estar rodeadas por mucilagem ou por uma parede celular, incluindo formas com armaduras ou conchas. Algumas espécies produzem escamas orgânicas ou siliciosas, enquanto outras produzem armaduras de celulose, de quitina, sílica ou calcário.

A reprodução pode ser assexual ou sexual, sendo a primeira a mais comum. A reprodução assexuada tem lugar por bipartição, formando-se um cisto. A reprodução sexual pode ter lugar por isogamia, oogamia ou anisogamia, dando lugar a um zigoto que forma um cisto silicioso antes de se desenvolver.

Os pigmentos dos cloroplastos incluem as clorofilas a, c1 e c2, para além dos pigmentos acessórios fucoxantina, violaxantina, antaxantina e neoxantina. Estes pigmentos mascaram a coloração verde da clorofila e dão à alga uma coloração amarelada, avermelhada ou parda. A membrana externa do retículo cloroplástico está ligada à membrana externa do núcleo celular. Algumas espécies podem apresentar manchas oculares.

Taxonomia

A maioria dos membros são organismos unicelulares flagelados com dois flagelos visíveis, como em Ochromonas, ou por vezes apenas um, como em Chromulina. A maior parte não apresenta qualquer protecção celular externa, embora alguns tenham armaduras ou conchas, como no género Dinobryon, que é séssil e cresce em colónias ramificadas. A maioria das formas com placas siliciosas é presentemente considerada como um grupo separado, o grupo das Synurophyceae, mas alguns géneros continuam incluídos entre as crisofíceas, como por exemplo o género Paraphysomonas. Todos os géneros citados estão incluídos na ordem Chromulinales.

Alguns membros são ameboides, com largas extensões celulares ramificadas, ainda que o seu ciclo de vida inclua também etapas flageladas. Os géneros Chrysamoeba e Rhizochrysis, da ordem Chrysamoebales, são exemplos típicos.

Pelo menos uma espécie, Myxochrysis paradoxa, apresenta um complexo ciclo biológico que inclui uma etapa plasmodial multinucleada, similar às encontradas nos mixomicetas.

Outros membros são imóveis, com células que podem ser nuas e rodeadas por mucilagem, tais como Chrysosaccus, ou recobertas por uma parede celular, como no género Chrysosphaera  da ordem Chrysosphaerales. Alguns, embora poucos, são filamentosos ou com organização parenquimatosa, como no género Phaeoplaca da ordem Chromulinales. Outros formam filamentos gelatinosos ramificados, como no género Hydrurus, da ordem Hydrurales, e em outros géneros de água doce filogeneticamente próximos.

Os sistemas de classificação de base filogenética têm introduzido sucessivas alterações à taxonomia deste grupo de organismos, não havendo ainda consenso sobre a sua circunscrição taxonómica e taxonomia interna. Uma das soluções é a subdivisão em quatro ordens:

 Chromulinales
 Chrysosphaerales
 Hibberdiales
 Hydrurales

Segundo as classificações anteriores o agrupamento Chrysophyceae incluía também as ordens Ochromonadales, Rhizochloridales e Synurales que os sistemas mais modernos transferem para a classe Synurophyceae. A ordem Phaeothamniales, que alguns autores incluem nas Chrysophyceae, foi segregada pelas taxonomias mais recentes para uma classe autónoma, as Phaeothamniophyceae.

O posicionamento filogenético do agrupamento Chrysophyceae, como dos restantes grupos de protistas incluídos entre os Stramenopiles continua incerto. Com base em trabalhos recentes (2015-2016) sobre a filogenia dos eucariotas é possível estabelecer os seguinte cladograma:

Ligações externas

 Infopédia: Crisófitas

Algas
Heterokontophyta


New Religious Movements in the 21st Century is the first volume to examine the urgent and important issues facing new religions in their political, legal and religious contexts in global perspective. With essays from prominent NRM scholars and usefully organized into four regional areas covering Western Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, Russia and Eastern Europe, and North and South America, as well as a concluding section on the major themes of globalization and terrorist violence, this book provides invaluable insight into the challenges facing religion in the twenty-first century. An introduction by Tom Robbins provides an overview of the major issues and themes discussed in the book.
France's Obsession with the "Sectarian Threat"
The Secte Response to Religious Discrimination: Subversives, Martyrs, or Freedom Fighters in the French Sect Wars?
Crushing Wahhabi Fundamentalists in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Subplot to the Global Struggle against Al Qa'ida or Suppression of Legitimate Religious Opposition?


text:
Covid vaccination: WHO praises Modi govt
Home/NEWS/Bomb blast in Balochistan kills 25
NEWSInternational
Bomb blast in Balochistan kills 25
May 12, 2017, 04:15 pm IST
Nearly 25 people have lost their lives and many more have been injured, after an explosion in Balochistan's Mastung area near a Mosque today, shortly after the customary prayer session.
"Deputy Chairman Senate Abdul Ghafoor Hyderi's convoy has also been affected by the bomb blast. Hyderi is having a minor injury. His convoy has just left the local mosque in the area," a source said.
Police have confirmed that 25 people have died in the terrific bomb blast however many are injured. Rescue operations are currently underway; and Police and Frontier Corps (FC) personnel have rushed to the spot, which has been cordoned off.
The injured people are being escorted to the Mastung Civil Hospital. Those who are in a critical condition are transported to Quetta.
"A situation of emergency has been declared at Civil Hospital and more doctors have been called in," said the hospital sources.
bomb blast Baluchistan Abdul Ghafoor Hyderi


text:
House of Anansi Press
Power Shift
The Longest Revolution The CBC Massey Lectures
Written by Sally Armstrong
Published September 10, 2019 | ISBN 9781487006808
SOCIAL SCIENCE / Feminism & Feminist Theory
EPUB - $16.95 CAD Kindle - $16.95 CAD
Also Available in Print
The Longest Revolution
The CBC Massey Lectures
Sally Armstrong
The facts are indisputable. When women get even a bit of education, the whole of society improves. When they get a bit of healthcare, everyone lives longer. In many ways, it has never been a better time to be a woman: a fundamental shift has been occurring. Yet from Toronto to Timbuktu the promise of equality still eludes half the world's population.
In her 2019 CBC Massey Lectures, award-winning author, journalist, and human rights activist Sally Armstrong illustrates how the status of the female half of humanity is crucial to our collective surviving and thriving. Drawing on anthropology, social science, literature, politics, and economics, she examines the many beginnings of the role of women in society, and the evolutionary revisions over millennia in the realms of sex, religion, custom, culture, politics, and economics. What ultimately comes to light is that gender inequality comes at too high a cost to us all.
SALLY ARMSTRONG is an award-winning author, journalist, and human rights activist. She is the author of four bestselling books: Ascent of Women: A New Age Is Dawning for Every Mother's Daughter, The Nine Lives of Charlotte Taylor, Veiled Threat: The Hidden Power of the Women of Afghanistan, and Bitter Roots, Tender Shoots: The Uncertain Fate of Afghanistan's Women. Armstrong was the first journalist to bring the story of the women of Afghanistan to the world. She has also covered stories in conflict zones from Bosnia and Somalia to Rwanda, Afghanistan, Iraq, South Sudan, Jordan, and Israel. She is a four-time winner of the Amnesty International Canada media award, the recipient of ten honorary degrees, and an Officer of the Order of Canada. She was born and raised in Montreal, lives in Toronto, and spends the summer in New Brunswick.
Updated Massey Lectures


text:
Harvard epidemiologist dismantles CDC immunity study
Government offers fatally flawed research to counter Israeli data
By Art Moore Published November 2, 2021
Amid more than 100 studies showing the superiority of natural COVID-19 immunity over vaccine-produced immunity, the Centers for Disease Control released the results this week of a study claiming to show the opposite.
But Dr. Martin Kulldorf, who has worked on vaccine epidemiology since joining the Harvard faculty nearly two decades ago, is among many epidemiologists who have quickly pointed out the CDC study's fatal flaws.
Dr. Martin Kulldorf of Harvard University School of Medicine (Wikimedia Commons) In an article for the Brownstone Institute, he compared the CDC research with an Israeli study that found people vaccinated for COVID-19 are 27 times more likely to have a symptomatic COVID infection than those previously infected by the virus.
The Israeli study further found that the vaccinated were nine times more likely to be hospitalized for COVID than those with natural immunity.
The CDC study claims that the COVID recovered are five times more likely to be hospitalized for COVID than the vaccinated.
Kulldorf, noting both studies cannot be right, said he has never "never before seen such a large discrepancy between studies that are supposed to answer the same question."
Kulldorff is an epidemiologist, biostatistician and professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. He is the co-author, along with Dr. Jay Bhattacharya of Stanford and Dr. Sunetra Gupta of Oxford, of the Great Barrington Declaration, advocating a public policy of "focused protection" on the vulnerable while letting others go about their business. More than 860,000 people have signed the declaration, including 14,981 medical and public health scientists, and 44,167 medical practitioners.
As the federal and local governments double down on vaccine mandates, a new study by the Yale School of Public Health offers the latest evidence that the immunity acquired by COVID-19 infection is superior to the immunity from vaccination.
A total of 102 studies with the same conclusion has been compiled by Dr. Paul Elias Alexander and several other prominent colleagues.
The Israeli researchers said their analysis "demonstrated that natural immunity affords longer lasting and stronger protection against infection, symptomatic disease and hospitalization due to the delta variant."
Tracking patients over time
Among the elements that made the Israeli study more reliable, Kulldorf said, was the fact that, unlike the CDC study, it tracked a cohort of patients over time.
The Israeli researchers tracked 673,676 vaccinated people who they knew not to have had COVID and 62,833 unvaccinated COVID-recovered individuals. To make a fair and unbiased comparison, the researchers matched patients from the two groups on age, gender, geographical location and time since vaccination or the disease.
For the primary analysis, the study authors identified a cohort with 16,215 individuals who had recovered from COVID and 16,215 matched individuals who were vaccinated.
Ultimately, 191 patients in the vaccinated group and only eight in the COVID-recovered group got symptomatic COVID disease. After adjusting the statistical analysis for comorbidities, the researchers measured a relative risk of 27, meaning the vaccinated people were estimated to be 27 times more likely to be infected with COVID. (The authors, with 95% confidence, found the vaccinated were between 13 and 57 times more likely to be infected).
In the CDC study, instead of creating a cohort of people to follow over time, the researchers identified people hospitalized with COVID-like symptoms and then evaluated how many of them tested positive versus negative for COVID.
Among the vaccinated, 5% tested positive, while 9% were positive among the COVID-recovered.
Dr. Marty Makary of Johns Hopkins University was among the many other critics of the CDC study.
He said on Twitter that "journalists should not simply parrot this flawed" government study on natural immunity and should ask criticial questions, noting the authors admitted that "sparse data limited the precision" of their findings.
https://twitter.com/MartyMakary/status/1455208817336234000
Kulldorf, who serves on scientific advisory committees to the FDA and the CDC, said that what the CDC authors do not mention is that they adopted "a de facto case-control design."
While it is a well-established epidemiological design, it is not as strong as a cohort study, the Harvard professor said.
Further, he argued, the controls did not constitute a representative sample from the population from which the COVID patients came.
That's because COVID-negative people with COVID-like symptoms, such as pneumonia, tend to be older and frailer with comorbidities. They are also more likely to be vaccinated.
"The problem is that the CDC study answers neither the direct question of whether vaccination or Covid recovery is better at decreasing the risk of subsequent Covid disease, nor whether the vaccine rollout successfully reached the frail," he wrote.
"Instead, it asks which of these two has the greater effect size. It answers whether vaccination or Covid recovery is more related to Covid hospitalization or if it is more related to other respiratory type hospitalizations."
Kulldorf pointed out that epidemiologists typically rely on case-control studies when data are unavailable for a whole cohort. But for this particular study, there is no good reason for it, since cohort data are available from multiple CDC data partners.
"It is surprising that CDC chose this case-control design rather than the less biased cohort design selected by the Israeli authors," he said. "Such an analysis would answer the question of interest and may have given a different result more in line with the Israeli study."
Essential workers with superior immunity being fired
The solid evidence provided by the Israeli study, he said, means there is no reason to prevent people with natural immunity from activities that are permitted to the vaccinated.
"In fact, it is discriminatory," he said.
Kulldorf noted that many of the COVID-recovered were exposed to the virus as essential workers during the height of the pandemic before vaccines were available.
"They kept the rest of society afloat, processing food, delivering goods, unloading ships, picking up garbage, policing the streets, maintaining the electricity network, putting out fires, and caring for the old and sick, to name a few," he said.
"They are now being fired and excluded despite having stronger immunity than the vaccinated work-from-home administrators that are firing them."
https://www.wnd.com/2021/11/harvard-epidemiologist-dismantles-cdc-immunity-study/
Remember when we were crazy?
We're weren't As of October 7, the Florida Surgeon General recommends against the mRNA vaccines for males aged 18-39 years old. The Florida Health Department still recommends against their use in heal
Most likely the vaccine is killing people
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are likely killing people. And, likely killing people who were least likely to die, or to get very sick, from a COVID-19 infection. But, with the wind in big pharma's sail
FDA and Boosters
Is the FDA panel using their brains. Maybe increasing scrutiny has forced their brains to work. "All the FDA's Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) could agree about o


text:
Wed, 05 Jun 2019 18:40:07 GMT
11.2: Barriers to Entry: Reasons for Monopolies to Exist
[ "article:topic", "Market power", "Barriers to entry", "economic rent", "economies of scale", "network externalities", "natural monopoly", "government monopoly", "government-granted monopoly", "copyright", "patent", "network effects", "authorname:boundless", "showtoc:no" ]
Book: Economics (Boundless)
11: Monopoly
Contributed by Boundless (now LumenLearning)
General at Boundless
Resource Control
Economies of Scale and Network Externalities
Government Action
Monopoly Creation
Government-Granted Monopoly
Government Monopoly
Legal Barriers
Government Granted Monopoly
Natural Monopolies
Fixed Costs
Other Barriers to Entry
Control Over Natural Resources
High Capital Requirements
Government Backing
Control over a natural resource that is critical to the production of a final good is one source of monopoly power.
Explain the relationship between resource control and monopolies
Control over natural resources that are critical to the production of a good is one source of monopoly power. Single ownership over a resource gives the owner of the resource the power to raise the market price of a good over marginal cost without losing customers to competitors. In other words, resource control allows the controller to charge economic rent. This is a classic outcome of imperfectly competitive markets.
A classic example of a monopoly based on resource control is De Beers. De Beers Consolidated Mines were founded in 1888 in South Africa as an amalgamation of a number of individual diamond mining operations. De Beers had a monopoly over the production of diamonds for most of the 20th century, and it used its dominant position to manipulate the international diamond market. It convinced independent producers to join its single channel monopoly. In instances when producers refused to join, De Beers flooded the market with diamonds similar to the ones they were producing. De Beers also purchased and stockpiled diamonds produced by other manufacturers in order to control prices through supply. The De Beers model changed at the turn of the 21st century, when diamond producers from Russia, Canada, and Australia started to distribute diamonds outside of the De Beers channel. The sale of diamonds also suffered from rising awareness about blood diamonds. De Beers' market share fell from as high as 90 percent in the 1980s to less than 40 percent in 2012.
Diamonds: For most of the 20th century, De Beers had monopoly power over the world market for diamonds.
In practice, monopolies rarely arise because of control over natural resources. Economies are large, usually with multiple people owning resources. International trade is an additional source of competition for owners of natural resources.
Economies of scale and network externalities discourage potential competitors from entering a market.
Define Economies of Scale., Explain why economies of scale are desirable for monopolies
Economies of scale and network externalities are two types of barrier to entry. They discourage potential competitors from entering a market, and thus contribute to the monopolistic power of some firms.
Economies of scale are cost advantages that large firms obtain due to their size.They occur because the cost per unit of output decreases with increasing scale, as fixed costs are spread over more units of output. Economies of scale are also gained through bulk-buying of materials with long-term contracts, the increased specialization of managers, ability to obtain lower interest rates when borrowing from banks, access to a greater range of financial instruments, and spreading the cost of marketing over a greater range of output. Each of these factors contributes to reductions in the long-run average cost of production.
Economies of Scale: Large firms obtain economies of scale in part because fixed costs are spread over more units of output.
A natural monopoly arises as a result of economies of scale. For natural monopolies, the average total cost declines continually as output increases, giving the monopolist an overwhelming cost advantage over potential competitors. It becomes most efficient for production to be concentrated in a single firm.
Network externalities (also called network effects) occur when the value of a good or service increases as a result of many people using it. Because of network effects, certain goods or services that are adopted widely will appear to be much more attractive to new customers than competing goods or services. This is evident in online social networks. Social networks with the largest memberships are more attractive to new users, because new users know that their friends or colleagues are more likely to be on these networks. It is also evident with certain software programs. For example, most people use Microsoft word processing software. While other word processing programs may be available, an individual would risk running into compatibility problems when sending files to people or machines using the mainstream software. This makes it difficult for new companies to enter the market and to gain market share.
here are two types of government-initiated monopoly: a government monopoly and a government-granted monopoly.
Discuss different types of monopolies initiated by government
There are instances in which the government initiates monopolies, creating a government-granted monopoly or a government monopoly. Government-granted monopolies often closely resemble government monopolies in many respects, but the two are distinguished by the decision-making structure of the monopolist. In a government monopoly, the holder of the monopoly is formally the government itself and the group of people who make business decisions is an agency under the government's direct authority. In a government-granted monopoly, on the other hand, the monopoly is enforced through the law, but the holder of the monopoly is formally a private firm, which makes its own business decisions.
In a government-granted monopoly, the government gives a private individual or a firm the right to be a sole provider of a good or service. Potential competitors are excluded from the market by law, regulation, or other mechanisms of government enforcement. Intellectual property rights such as copyright and patents are government-granted monopolies. Additionally, the Dutch East India Company provides a historical example of a government-granted monopoly. It was granted exclusive trading privileges with colonial possessions under mercantilist economic policy.
In a government monopoly, an agency under the direct authority of the government itself holds the monopoly, and the monopoly is sustained by the enforcement of laws and regulations that ban competition or reserve exclusive control over factors of production to the government. The state-owned petroleum companies that are common in oil-rich developing countries (such as Aramco in Saudi Arabia or PDVSA in Venezuela) are examples of government monopolies created through nationalization of resources and existing firms. The United States Postal Service is another example of a government monopoly. It was created through laws that ban potential competitors from offering certain types of services, such as first-class and standard mail delivery. Around the world, government monopolies on public utilities, telecommunications systems, and railroads have historically been common.
Postal Service: The postal service operates as a government monopoly in many countries, including the United States.
The government creates legal barriers through patents, copyrights, and granting exclusive rights to companies.
Identify the legal conditions that lead to monopolistic power.
In some cases, the government will grant a person or firm exclusive rights to produce a good or service, enabling them to monopolize the market for this good or service. Intellectual property rights, including copyright and patents, are an important example of legal barriers that give rise to monopolies.
Copyright gives the creator of an original creative work (such as a book, song, or film) exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time, with the intention of enabling the creator to be compensated for his or her work. The intent behind copyright is to promote the creation of new works by providing creators the opportunity to profit from their works. The copyright holder receives the right to be credited for the work, to determine who may adapt the work to other forms, who may perform the work, and who may financially benefit from it, along with other related rights. When the copyright on a work expires, the work is transferred to the public domain, enabling others to repurpose and build on the work.
Copyright: Copyright is an example of a temporary legal monopoly granted to creators of original creative works.
A patent is a limited property right the government gives inventors in exchange for their agreement to share the details of their invention with the public. During the term of the patent, the patent holder has the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the patented invention. The patent provides incentives (1) to invent in the first place, (2) to disclose the invention once it is made, (3) to make the necessary investments in research and development, production, and bringing the invention to market, and (4) to innovate by designing around or improving upon earlier patents. When a patent expires and the invention enters the public domain, others can build on the invention.
For example, when a pharmaceutical company first markets a drug, it is usually under a patent, and only the pharmaceutical company can sell it until the patent expires. This allows the company to recoup the cost of developing this particular drug. After the patent expires, any pharmaceutical company can manufacture and sell a generic version of the drug, bringing down the price of the original drug to compete with new versions.
It is also possible that there is a monopoly because the government has granted a single company exclusive or special rights. The water utility company, for example, is a monopoly in your area because it is the only organization granted the right to provide water. Another example is that the Digital Millenium Copyright Act the proprietary Macrovision copy prevention technology is required for analog video recorders. Though other forms of copy prevention aren't prohibited, requiring Macrovision effectively gives it a monopoly and prevents more effective copy prevention methods from being developed.
Natural monopolies occur when a single firm can serve the entire market at a lower cost than a combination of two or more firms.
Learning Obejectives
Demonstrate an understanding of how a natural monopoly is created
Natural monopolies occur when a single firm is able to serve the entire market demand at a lower cost than any combination of two or more smaller firms. For example, imagine there are two firms in a natural monopoly's market and each of them produces half of the quantity that the monopoly produces. The total cost of the natural monopoly is lower than the sum of the total costs of two firms producing the same quantity.
Natural Monopoly: The total cost of the natural monopoly's production is lower than the sum of the total costs of two firms producing the same quantity.
A natural monopoly's cost structure is very different from that of most industries. In other industries, the marginal cost initially decreases due to economies of scale, then increases as the company experiences growing pains (as employees become overworked, the firm's bureaucracy expands, etc.). Along with this, the average cost of production decreases and then increases. In contrast, a natural monopoly will have a marginal cost that is constant or declining, and an average total cost that drops as the quantity of output increases.
Natural monopolies tend to form in industries where there are high fixed costs. A firm with high fixed costs requires a large number of customers in order to have a meaningful return on investment. As it gains market share and increases its output, the fixed cost is divided among a larger number of customers. Therefore, in industries with large initial investment requirements, average total costs decline as output increases. Once a natural monopoly has been established, there will be high barriers to entry for other firms because of the large initial cost and because it would be difficult for the entrant to capture a large enough part of the market to achieve the same low costs as the monopolist.
Examples of natural monopolies are water and electricity services. For both of these, fixed costs of building the necessary infrastructure are high. The cost of constructing a competing transmission network and delivering service will be so high that it effectively bars potential competitors from entering the monopolist's market.
Firms gain monopolistic power as a result of markets' barriers to entry, which discourage potential competitors.
Identify the common conditions that lead to monopolistic power
Monopolies derive their market power from barriers to entry: circumstances that prevent or greatly impede a potential competitor's ability to compete in the market. There are several different types of barriers to entry.
The supply of natural resources such as precious metals or oil deposits is limited, giving their owners monopoly powers. For example, De Beers controls the vast majority of the world's diamond reserves, allowing only a certain number of diamonds to be mined each year and keeping the price of diamonds high.
Diamond: De Beers controls the majority of the world's diamond reserves, preventing other players from entering the industry and setting a high price for diamonds.
Some production processes require large investments in capital or large research and development costs that make it difficult for new companies to enter an industry. Examples include steel production, pharmaceuticals, and space transport.
Monopolies exhibit decreasing costs as output increases. Decreasing costs coupled with large initial costs give monopolies a cost advantage in production over would-be competitors. Market entrants have not yet achieved economies of scale, so their output simply costs so much more than the incumbent firms that market entry is difficult.
The use of a product by other people can increase its value to a person. One example is Microsoft spreadsheet and word processing software, which is still used widely. This is because when a person uses software that is used by so many others, he or she is less likely to run into compatibility problems in the course of work or other activities. This tendency to use what everyone else is using makes it difficult for new companies to develop and sell competing software.
Facebook: Network effects are one reason why it's so difficult for new companies to compete against Facebook: they simply will have difficulty establishing a network of users to compete.
Legal rights can provide an opportunity to monopolize a market for a good. Intellectual property rights, such as patents and copyright, give the rights holder exclusive control over the production and sale of certain goods. Property rights may give a company exclusive control of the materials necessary to produce a good. The granting of permits or professional licenses can also favor certain firms, while setting standards that are difficult for new firms to meet.
There are cases in which a government agency is the sole provider of a particular good or service and competition is prohibited by law. For example, in many countries, the postal system is run by the government with competition forbidden by law in some or all services. Government monopolies in public utilities, telecommunications systems, and railroads have also historically been common. In other instances, the government may be an invested partner in a monopoly rather than a sole owner. This will still make it difficult for competitors to operate on equal footing.
Single ownership over a resource gives the owner the power to raise the market price of a good over marginal cost without losing customers to competitors.
De Beers is a classic example of a monopoly based on a natural resource. De Beers had a lot of market power in the world market for diamonds over the course of the 20th century, keeping the price of diamonds high.
In practice, monopolies rarely arise because of control over natural resources.
Economies of scale are cost advantages that large firms gain because of their size.
Natural monopolies arise as a result of economies of scale. Natural monopolies have overwhelming cost advantages over potential competitors.
Network effects occur when the value of a good or service increases because many other people are using it. This makes competing goods or services with lower levels of adoption unattractive to new customers.
Government-granted monopolies and government monopolies differ in the decision-making structure of the monopolist. In a government-granted monopoly, business decisions are made by a private firm. In a government monopoly, decisions are made by a government agency.
In a government-granted monopoly, the government gives a private individual or a firm the right to be a sole provider of a good or service.
In a government monopoly, an agency under the direct authority of the government itself holds the monopoly.
In both types of government-initiated monopoly competition is kept out of the market through laws, regulations, and other mechanisms of government enforcement.
Intellectual property rights are an example of legal barriers that give rise to monopolies.
A copyright gives the creator of an original creative work exclusive rights to it for a limited time. This provides an incentive for the continued creation of innovative goods.
A patent is a limited property right the government gives inventors in exchange for the details of their invention being made public.
The government can provide exclusive or special rights to companies that legally allow them to be monopolies.
A natural monopoly 's cost structure is very different from that of most industries. For a natural monopoly, the average total cost continues to shrink as output increases.
Natural monopolies tend to form in industries where there are high fixed costs. A firm with high fixed costs requires a large number of customers in order to have a meaningful return on investment.
Other firms are discouraged from entering the market because of the high initial costs and the difficulty of obtaining a large enough market share to achieve the same low costs as the monopolist.
There are several different types of barriers to entry, including a firm 's control over scarce natural resources, high capital requirements for an industry, economies of scale, network effects, legal barriers, and government backing.
Some industries require large investments in capital or research and development, making it difficult for new firms to enter.
Monopolies benefit from economies of scale, which give them a cost advantage over their competitors.
The legal system can grant firms monopoly rights over a resource or production of a good.
market power: The ability of a firm to profitably raise the market price of a good or service over marginal cost. A firm with total market power can raise prices without losing any customers to competitors.
economic rent: The portion of income paid to a factor of production in excess of its opportunity cost.
economies of scale: The characteristics of a production process in which an increase in the scale of the firm causes a decrease in the long run average cost of each unit.
Network externalities: Are evident when the value of a product or service is dependent on the number of other people using it.
Natural monopoly: Occurs when a firm is able to serve the entire market demand at a lower cost than any combination of two or more smaller, more specialized firms.
Government monopoly: A form of monopoly in which a government agency is the sole provider of a particular good or service and competition is prohibited by law.
Government-granted monopoly: A form of monopoly in which a government grants exclusive rights to a private individual or firm to be the sole provider of a good or service.
Copyright: A legal concept that gives the creator of an original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time, with the intention of enabling the creator to be compensated for his or her work.
patent: A declaration issued by a government agency declaring the inventor of a new product has the privilege of stopping others from making, using or selling the claimed invention for a limited time.
Barriers to entry: Circumstances that prevent or greatly impede a potential competitor's ability to compete in the market.
Network effects: When the value of a product or service is dependent on the number of people using it.
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11.1: Introduction to Monopoly
11.3: Monopoly Production and Pricing Decisions and Profit Outcome
Section or Page
economic rent
natural monopoly
network externalities


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Last updated on 17 Jan 2020


Terex Trucks has just signed its third dealer in Germany: Maschinenbau Rehnen GmbH – and the timing couldn't be better. Thanks to a growing demand for real estate and a multi-billion euro budget set aside for infrastructure projects, Germany has become a hotbed for construction.
As well as having expertise and a talented workforce, Maschinenbau Rehnen GmbH also has the benefit of working in one of Europe's strongest construction markets. Germany is currently battling with an extreme shortage of affordable homes, which has led to a surge in residential construction. The government has set aside more than €5 billion ($5.8 billion) to help tackle the problem. Real estate isn't the only area in which Germany is investing its money, though – infrastructure is also a top priority. In fact, state spending on infrastructure has been a central focus for some years now – in 2015, the government allocated €7 billion ($8.1 billion) to help fund large-scale infrastructure projects. With Germany being such a hotbed for construction, Terex Trucks is keen to expand and strengthen its presence throughout the country.
Maschinenbau Rehnen GmbH will be selling both of Terex Trucks' articulated haulers – the TA300 and TA400 – as well as providing customers with spare parts, after-sale support and repairs. The TA300 has a maximum payload of 28 tonnes (30.9 tons), a maximum torque of 1,880 Nm (1,309 lbf ft), a heaped capacity of 17.5m³ (22.9yd³) and can achieve 276 kW (370 hp) gross power. This, together with its Scania DC9 engine, means that it can perform in challenging applications including quarries, infrastructure developments and commercial construction projects. The TA300 also comes equipped with true independent front suspension and – as of earlier this year – the new ZF EP320 transmission, resulting in improved operator comfort, fuel efficiency, performance and productivity. The hauler also comes with a hydraulics system featuring improved cushioned steering cylinders, which makes for enhanced operator comfort and less stress being put on components. In addition to all of this, the hood on the TA300 has been carefully designed to lower and secure in a way that reduces stress throughout the structure.
With a maximum payload of 10 tonnes (11 tons) higher than the TA300, the TA400 is the most powerful articulated hauler on offer from Terex Trucks. It is a popular choice among customers working on quarries, mines and steep inclines. The heavyweight hauler is capable of lifting up to 38 tonnes (41.9 tons) and has a maximum torque of 2,100 Nm (1548 lbf ft). The TA400 also has a heaped capacity of 23.3 m³ (30.3 yd³) and is fitted with an Allison HD4560 transmission, which boasts high performance oil and extends the time between service intervals to 6,000 hours.


Today, at Build 2014, we had an initial glimpse of the new Windows Phone 8.1 OS. It looks stunning and it's coming to all smartphones running Windows Phone 8.
If you've missed a phone call, been mentioned in a Tweet, or received an SMS, you'll now find all of these things in one place – the new Action Center.
Alongside your notifications, Action Center contains four quick settings (which are customizable) to enable you quicker access to switch on Flight Mode, and Wi-Fi, for example, even when your phone is locked.
Introducing the most intuitive smartphone keyboard yet, Word Flow.
Instead of typing out each letter when your type, now glide your finger over the screen and will accurately predict what you're going to type.
The more you use Word Flow, the more it learns from you, predicting your most frequent expressions. Word Flow supports 16 languages.
The Start screen has been refreshed to include an extra column of Live Tiles.
Now, there's much more room to pin your favorite apps, games, bookmarks and people, all within easy reach.
Additionally, the Start screen background now has the ability to display pictures, rather than just black or white. These photos can also be seen through system tiles.
Your Windows Phone will become a personal, pro-active assistant; capable of answering many of those burning questions you ask yourself everyday.
Cortana will be rolled out in stages starting in the US and later to other regions.
The various tasks you perform every day each require different volume settings. Rather than having one volume to control everything, you can now set levels independently; ringtones or music playback, for example.
On top of these great features provided by Windows Phone 8.1 update, Nokia continues to innovate and enhance the experience you get on your Windows Phone. Here's what else is being added as part of the remix.


Prints & Artwork available with a Pet and People Photo Session.
Beautiful matted photographic prints are one of the simplest and easiest products the studio offers. Archival printed mounted in white mat board ready for framing. Prints are matted to a standard size to allow for ease of purchase of DIY framing from your favourite local store. 6×4″ prints start at $45.
High-resolution files delivered on a personalised online gallery. Easily share your gallery with friends and family with the added protection of digital download pin to prevent downloading without your consent. Files are priced from $125 for a minimum of 5 images.
An incredibly lovely item to have. The album will store your beautiful memories for many years!
Available with a range of cover colour options, and full or partial book jackets, these albums are a fun celebration to page through slowly. Priced from $485 for a 10x10" book.
A gorgeous range of layouts to suit your home and room are available. These are fully customisable and uniquely designed for you. Each display will come with its' own price quote.
You can spend as little or as much as you like, and it is my job to create images that you'll treasure forever. Prints start from as little as $80. I offer a 100% money back guarantee if you do not like your images. But if you're like most of my clients, you'll love them, in which case I have credit card facilities, and interest-free payment plans available too.
The object of your photographic experience is to produce amazing prints and products to grace your walls at home and celebrate that feeling of love, fluff and fun! From professionally framed and ready to hang art pieces, ready to frame prints, photo books, beautiful boutique boxes and of course, digital files, you'll find something to inspire you.


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Lens Adapters, Mounts & Tubes
Hasselblad Extension Tube 56 From Japan【Excellent +++】
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Hasselblad Tube 56
Hasselblad Tube 56 40657
Hasselblad Tube 56 (9+)
kehoutlet (93162 )
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"EXCELLENT condition. 80 to 89 percent of original. Shows moderate wear for the age of the item, with the possibility of small dings or blemishes. Glass may have slight blemishes but will not affect picture quality. See item description for specifics."
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