Old mobile phone frequencies in the UK could get a new lease of life thanks to proposals by regulator Ofcom.
The telecommunications watchdog wants to loosen restrictions on who can use the portion of spectrum currently reserved for second-generation mobiles.
By opening it up, Ofcom hopes to boost 3G coverage in rural areas and speed up mobile downloads.
Ofcom plans to hold an auction to choose which company gets to use the liberated spectrum.
Currently the parts of the radio spectrum available for second generation mobile services are divided into two tiers.
One, operating at 900MHz, is only used by O2 and Vodafone. The other, at 1800MHz, is used by those two companies plus Orange and T-Mobile. Ofcom imposes restrictions on these frequencies which mean they can only be used for 2G.
If Ofcom's proposals win support, the 900MHz frequency will be available for three other operators to use and both chunks of spectrum will be allowed to support both second and third generation services.
Owners of the right to use these parts of the spectrum would also be able to trade these rights to other companies.
By lifting restrictions, Ofcom said that operators would be able to boost the data carrying capacities of their 3G networks for relatively little cash.
The loosening of regulations could mean much better coverage for rural areas, boost download speeds and improve reception inside buildings.
Most of the benefit would likely come from greater use of the 900MHz frequency as 3G equipment using this frequency is already starting to appear.
The consultation period will close at the end of November 2007.


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Cutting Edge Grippers
By Adam Cort
It's one of the great contradictions in assembly. On the one hand, industrial robots are expected to be fast and powerful. On the other, they need to be incredibly precise and delicate-kind of like expecting Arnold Schwarzenegger's Terminator character to do needlepoint between gun battles.
The technology that enables robots to do the incredible variety of things that they do is their end effectors. Long and thin grippers, short and wide grippers, vacuum grippers, or combinations of multiple gripping devices mounted at various points on a set of aluminum framing-robotics manufacturers and suppliers have created a dizzying array of technologies to handle everything from engines to delicate glass ampoules for the medical device industry.
What follows is a survey of some of the more creative, flexible and original end effectors available to today's assemblers.
The demands of the solar panel industry have pushed end effector manufacturers to come up with new and better products, like this specialized solar cell gripper. Photo courtesy Schmalz Inc.
Lightening the Load
Often it is the demands of a particular technology or industry that drive innovation in end effectors, and nowhere has this been truer than in the fast growing solar power industry.
With their bulky frameworks and delicate photovoltaic wafers, solar panels present a number of challenges for manufacturing engineers. In addition, faced with competition from other solar power manufacturers, not to mention established low-cost energy sources like oil and coal, assemblers in this arena have no choice but to automate if they hope to survive.
With this in mind, vacuum and material-handling equipment manufacturer Schmalz Inc. has created the SWG Wafer Gripper for picking up and manipulating solar wafers and cells. Conventional vacuum-cup grippers can contaminate or damage the wafers. However, the SWG employs a high number of small suction openings across its entire gripping surface to minimize shearing forces and ensure no damage is ever done at its contact points.
"The grippers support the whole surface area, minimizing torsion forces and conchoidal fracture risk, so there are no pressure peaks," says Schmalz senior applications engineer Markus Schmider. Schmider adds that the system's high-flow, high-throughput vacuum generator provides a strong gripping force without putting undue strain on the product itself.
The SWG overcomes the problem of component contamination by employing a vacuum system in which both the air and any small particles it may contain are completely extracted from the work area. As a result, the gripper is fully compliant with even the most rigorous clean room conditions.
Finally, the system is fast, with a cycle time of one second-a major consideration given the number of wafers or cells that can be used to create even a midsized panel.
End effector manufacturers continue to push the robotics envelope by creating innovative end-of-arm tooling like this noncontact solar wafer gripper. Photo courtesy Schunk Inc.
No-touch Gripping
Another veteran robotics supplier that has taken up the challenge of handling delicate solar panel parts is Schunk Inc. Long known for its finger grippers and work-holding products, the company recently created a "gripper" that employs a combination of ultrasonic and vacuum technologies to grasp the workpiece without actually coming in physical contact with it.
The system employs a principle known as "near-field levitation," in which an ultrasonic generator is used to hold the workpiece at a slight distance, at the same time it is being pulled toward the gripped with a vacuum. In operation, equilibrium is created between the vacuum and the pressure of the ultrasonic waves making it possible to secure even the thinnest substrate.
The system can safely handle wafers measuring 300 millimeters in diameter and as little as 0.6 millimeter thick. Smaller parts can be as thin as 100 microns.
When manipulating smaller components, the system's fluid-mechanical effect also generates a centering force, which makes it possible to have fast accelerations or to turn the gripper without the component sliding off. To handle larger parts, assemblers can include a set of lateral stops to prevent the workpiece from slipping when the gripper moves.
Today's robotic end effectors are also used to speed up such traditional tasks as O-ring installation. Photo courtesy AGI Automation Components
Although O-rings have been around for years, assemblers continue to struggle to find the quickest and best way to install them in their products.
It was with this in mind that AGI Automation Components developed its six-finger AGP-6 O-ring gripper. Originally created as a custom system for a customer that wanted to use a six-axis robot to install O-rings on automotive sensors, AGI has since created a larger eight-finger version as well, called the AGP-8.
Pneumatically operated, the gripper features two independent pistons along with a set of double-action spreading jaws and single-action ejectors. When air pressure is applied to the first piston, the gripper's six or eight parallel jaws spread the O-ring into a hexagonal or octagonal shape. This opening stroke can be precisely adjusted with a setscrew to prevent overexpansion.
Once the expanded O-ring has been placed over the part, air pressure is applied to a second piston, which causes the ejector jaws to push forward. This, in turn, pushes the O-ring from the spreading jaws onto the part being assembled. According to AGI president Peter Farkas, the process is both faster and more reliable than manual installation.
Today's end-of-arm tooling is more flexible than ever. This packaging gripper can be easily adjusted to handle multiple product types coming off an assembly line. Photo courtesy SAS Automation LLC
Packaging on the Line
Robots have long excelled in packaging applications, and many manufacturers now use robots to prepare their products for shipment or sale as soon as they are assembled.
In the past, the end effectors used for this kind of work were often product-specific. Every time a new product came down the line, the robot would need a new end effector.
To solve this problem, SAS Automation LLC has created a fully modular end effector, equipped with 20 vacuum cups that can accommodate a variety of products with minimal adjustment. In addition to picking multiple products from a conveyor and then positioning them for packaging, this end-of-arm tool (EOAT) can be used with either deep or shallow containers.
It can be mounted on any kind of robot and incorporates a set of custom-designed springs for repositioning of the vacuum cup assemblies during product positioning. To reduce costs, the 20 cups are all powered by a single vacuum pump, located next to the robot base.
This gripper can be used to both lift and rotate products, providing enhanced functionality in a compact, easy-to-use package. Photo courtesy Techno-Sommer Automatic
It's the simplest thing in the world: pick something up, flip it over and put it back down again. It's done all the time in manufacturing. Specific examples include reorienting incorrectly positioned parts as they come off a vibratory feeder bowl or turning over a part or assembly at a visual inspection station.
For years, assemblers have combined grippers with separate swivel units to perform these kinds of tasks. However, the resulting end effector can be bulky and require some creative engineering in terms of routing things like compressed air. It can also get expensive having to purchase multiple pieces of equipment and then integrate them.
To solve this problem, Techno-Sommer Automatic has developed the DGP404 series of grip-and-rotate modules, specifically for picking and rotating parts. Each unit has separate pneumatic connections for its grip and rotate functions, allowing them to operate separately.
According to Techno-Sommer sales manager Costas Charalambous, each gripper costs less than a comparable EOAT comprised of separate gripper and rotate units. The new grippers are also more streamlined. "This, in turn, allows engineers increased flexibility with their application designs that will save both time and space," Charalambous says.
This gripper includes a proprietary jaw guidance system that automatically compensates for wear. This ensures it maintains the same level of performance throughout its operating life. Photo courtesy PHD Inc.
Long-term Precision
No matter what the gripper, engineers require precision to ensure their processes function correctly and assemble products that work correctly. Unfortunately, the nature of the world is such that things inevitably wear down over time through hard usage. Precision straight out of the box is one thing. Precision over the long term is another.
With this in mind, PHD Inc. recently created a high-precision gripper for a component assembly application that employs the company's EGRK electric gripper to ensure precision operation for the life of the system.
Each EGRK gripper includes an extremely rigid set of jaws to provide gripping moment capacity and high repeatability. It also features a proprietary wear compensation jaw guidance system to ensure the system maintains the same level of performance throughout its operating life.
Finally, the grippers are comprised of robust internal components, such as a high-torque electric motor, which is combined with a preprogrammed dedicated controller and hardened steel cam driver. The result, says PHD creative services manager John Proegler, is a gripper that provides plenty of power in a compact package.
These vacuum cup grippers are equipped with a textured contact surface to ensure oily parts can be manipulated quickly and safely without slipping. Photo courtesy PIAB North America
No-slip Grip
Assemblers have long used suction cups to grip sheet metal and sheet metal assemblies. In the automotive industry, vacuum grippers are often used to tend the stamping machines that produce door and hood components. However, conventional suction cups often encounter problems when faced with materials coated with oil or other die lubricants.
In addition to the danger of dropped parts, cups can slip and cause the pressed part to be incorrectly placed, causing defects or requiring that the line be stopped so the part can reset manually. In some cases, assemblers have been forced to run their production lines much slower than they would otherwise, because their vacuum-style end effectors have been unable to hold on when starting and stopping at higher speeds.
To solve this problem, vacuum equipment manufacturer PIAB North America has created the Duraflex Friction Cup line, so that assemblers can reliably manipulate slippery metal components without worrying about slippage.
Each Duraflex cup includes a sharp and finely grooved pattern on its gripping surface-similar to that of a stud-free winter tire on a car-to resist lateral movement of the product. The result is a gripper that allows an automated system to move at maximum speed with a minimum of vacuum cups.
According to Ed McGovern, vice president of business development at PIAB, the new Duraflex line came as a direct result of discussions with a number of the company's customers in the automotive sector. "One of the things that kept coming up was that customers just needed to be able to grip things more effectively," he says. McGovern adds that the new vacuum cups are also helping manufacturers process stamped components in the white goods industry.
This lightweight, electric gripper is affordable and quick to implement. Photo courtesy De-Sta-Co
Finally, there is the case in which less is more. Recently, the gripper, automation and workholding company De-Sta-Co developed the E-Gripper line of small, 24-volt DC electric grippers to perform high-speed pick-and-place tasks in the electronics and medical device industries.
According to De-Sta-Co marketing director John Bubnikovich, the E-Gripper line fills the gap between traditional pneumatic grippers and high-end servo-driven systems. Specifically, it provides the ease of use and low cost of a traditional pneumatic system, without having to run air to the tooling.
"We spoke to a lot of medical device companies that had systems that were all electric except for the grippers," Bubnikovich says, explaining the need for this kind of end tooling. "This gives them another option."
In contrast to more complicated servo systems, E-Grippers require neither a controller nor a lot of programming to operate. Nonetheless, they are fast, energy-efficient and capable of handling delicate parts, such as those used in catheters and drug delivery assemblies. The grippers are also clean-room compatible and feature a lightweight, compact design for use in a crowded assembly or laboratory setting.
One Lean, Mean Airplane
Putting It All Together in the Northeast
Assembly East Promises to be Bigger and Better

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Strictly Skating
Great Skate Debate
Ice Theatre of NY to honor Babilonia/Gardner, Zakarian; Plushenko to perform Oct. 28 & 30, 2017
Thread starter Sylvia
Not yet ready for club comp. season to be underway
http://www.icetheatre.org/save-the-date-for-the-2017-gala.html
ITNY'S 2017 FALL BENEFIT GALA AND PERFORMANCE
honoring
US & World Champions Tai Babilonia & Randy Gardner
ITNY Alumnus Ari Zakarian
Ice Angel Award Marilyn Kasputys & Missy Vanburen
Monday, October 30, 2017 - 7:00 P.M.
Performance, Cocktails, Dinner, Dessert & Dancing, Silent Auction and Award Ceremony
2017 HOME SEASON
Friday, October 27 - 7:00 P.M.
Saturday, October 28 - 7:00 P.M. - Special Guest Evgeni Plushenko
*Please Note Evgeni Plushenko will only be performing on October 28 and 30.
Tickets: https://www.nycharities.org/events/EventLevels.aspx?etid=10086
Marge_Simpson
Thanks, Sylvia! I just bought a ticket for the 28th.
Spun Silver
Same here. He better not do the (edited) Sex Bomb routine!
If anyone hears that he cancels, please post it here. Thanks.
https://twitter.com/Lily_shenka/status/906161972898480128
Weve3
Tai & Randy, that's all you need to know...
https://www.instagram.com/p/BaMs1tHlhsI/?taken-by=plushenkoofficial - After 11 year, I am super exited be back to USA, will skate in New York CIty, see you soon )
skatesindreams
Weve3 said:
So well deserved!
https://www.instagram.com/p/BauCH8tFfdd/ - Off to New-York
Nick Zaccardi @nzaccardi 22m22 minutes ago
Nick Zaccardi Retweeted Evgeni Plushenko
Girardi out. Plushenko in. https://twitter.com/nzaccardi/status/923599665945305088
Tai Babilonia and Randy Gardner were interviewed by Maura Sullivan Hill for FigureSkatersOnline.com earlier this month ahead of their ITNY appearance: Ice Theatre of New York to honor Tai Babilonia and Randy Gardner on 50th anniversary of partnership
"I'm looking forward to all the people that are going to be in the room [Monday, Oct. 30]: past honorees; people who I, or Tai and I together, have looked up to; mentors and people who have been an inspiration and support to us," Gardner says. "The room is going to be full of those kinds of people, and it's an honor to have them there as the Ice Theatre of New York is honoring us."
Babilonia agrees: "It is going to be special, and I'm so honored. I'm starting to work on my speech, because there are a lot of people in our circle to thank."
And though they aren't performing on the ice any more, they do perform together in Gardner's stage show, "Go Figure: The Randy Gardner Story." Gardner says the show is a live autobiography, and 1976 Olympic Champion Dorothy Hamill is also part of the cast. After a successful debut in LA in 2015, the show will have a 10-day run at the Delaware Theatre Company in Wilmington, Delaware, starting January 18, 2018. For details and tickets, visit the DTC's website by clicking here.
Sylvia said:
Awsome! Congratulations!
wouldacoulda
I'm going on Monday night. I may need to wire my jaw shut, so I don't embarrass myself when I see all the skating royalty.
Report, when you are able.
aftershocks
Tai & Randy! Forever Two As One!
https://www.instagram.com/p/BaxH1azgjBM/? - when I was growing up skating, everyone wanted to be elegant and graceful.... I just wanted lightning fast feet like Plushenko. This two-time Olympic champion had a huge influence on me and inspired me to reimagine what skating can be! Can't wait to see him perform with @icetheatreofny featuring @overthetops!! #olympicchampion #figureskating #legend #plushenko #hero #nyc
Also he has the sexiest ankles I've ever seen in my entire life.
from Miami https://www.instagram.com/p/Bav88Y-hgij/?taken-by=arlyn.gonzalez - arlyn.gonzalezNew York here we go! #newyork #figureskating #плющенко #plushenko
https://www.instagram.com/p/BazdVORgNHq/?taken-by=arlyn.gonzalez -Skating at the Sky Rink where Plushenko will be this evening! So close...I can't get those deep edges with my right leg! #figureskating #riedellskates #плющенко
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba0C8BNAH7S/?taken-by=arlyn.gonzalez - Tonight a dream came true, I saw the king Evgeni Plushenko perform and even got a photo and an autograph (something I've never cared to get from anyone).
Plushy's program were: Storm and Carmina Burana - Im not happy with it.. I'm tired of those programs..
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba0hSF7BQaz/?taken-by=yokotanpe
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba0gNeYBSQl/?taken-by=yokotanpe
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba0e1p-hrf1/?
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba0dplOB-4r/?
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba0dQXYhTNc/?
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba0cj3MhTbG/?
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba0bb54h7RP/?
I saw Plushenko tonight. He was fabulous. What a presence - I've never seen a skater with such blazing confidence. He only skated for 6 minutes but it was worth every penny, neck ache (I was in a corner) and minute of my trek into the city. Two 3F right in front of me, 2 other triples in the other end, and a bit of a scratchy 2A that he carried off royally. Wonderful spins and basically just owning the ice. No one else should ever be allowed to skate to Carmina Burana as far as I'm concerned - he owns that too.
emason
Agree with what Spun Silver said. Plushenko has the IT factor and just owns the ice. "Blazing confidence" says it all. I went with @Marge_Simpson and we had a great time.
Storm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um5B4Gcq7MU&list=PL4yIXR3iOdqXoRcNlbKKJ57CnzGp-0ovX
Carmina Burana https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yISHRINZ6P4&index=2&list=PL4yIXR3iOdqXoRcNlbKKJ57CnzGp-0ovX
Finale https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcQZq9NrVtI&list=PL4yIXR3iOdqXoRcNlbKKJ57CnzGp-0ovX&index=3
Vash01
Fan of Yuzuru, Medvedeva, T&M, Shibs, P&C
I wish I lived near NYC
Spun Silver said:
It was his regal presence on ice that made me his fan, when I first saw him skate live at the 2001 worlds in Vancouver. I lost count of how many times I saw him skate live after that. He totally owns the ice.
Honestly i think it's a once in a millennium quality!
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba19QRqFfb7/?taken-by=plushenkoofficial - Thank you NY for such a warm welcome!
See you tomorrow at the second show!
He was tired because of the jetlag I believe..
https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba1wsOwBcmT/?taken-by=ewa4624 - "He looks like an angel. Truly. As I said before, it is completely wonderful how he manages to be so pleasant, charming and beautiful man, and at the same time so talented, fierce and fearless master.
He was a bit tired, though. But patiently signed all autographs and took all selfies with literally everybody. My dreams came true " - the talking next to the pics shows his fans's usual reaction
https://web.stagram.com/p/Baw-PbUhCJD - TODAY I MET GOD. #BLESSED #CRYING
The evening was as expected for Plushenko (ie he was superb) and Ice Theatre (ie they were pretentious)
So, snark alert! I present the following review for your edification.
Ice Theatre fancies themselves to be serious arteestes; they cannot do anything just to be entertaining. You need to read the program notes to figure out what they are up to, and even then I'm usually going "huh?"
1- The evening started with a bizarre combination of 3 ladies doing school figures with a voiceover of one of the ladies reading a deep, meaningful poem called "Serpentine Loop" This consisted mostly of random phrases such as "Time transcends the body", nobody paid much attention. I tried not to laugh.
2- 8 junior ladies performed a syncro-like routine to some tinkly music, which was fairly enjoyable. The program notes didn't specify the music or the hidden meaning, so I guess they were just meant to be crowd pleasing. They were.
3- Rhapsody in Blue. This was lively and fun, with some great lifts and spins. It got wild applause from the audience, which seemed a bit odd - I mean, they were good, but it's not like anyone performed the iron lotus or anything. There were no program notes with an explanation so I made up my own: The blue costumes represented the skaters in the grip of manic depression, but when they took their meds they broke free and gained balance and calm and nifty footwork.
4- Plushenko. Excellent! There to entertain us and not strain our brains.
5-Arctic Memory. Valerie Levine, skating to ominous-sounding music and dressed in a weird getup with huge wings; I had neglected to look at the title of the piece and thought she was supposed to be a creature in flight, probably a vulture. I was wrong, it was a commentary on climate change and was choreographed on a mission in the Arctic. I don't know why she needed to flap her arms in the Arctic and not her own living room, but I'm not a choreographer, so what do I know?
6-Malevolent landscape. Honestly, at this point reading the notes only increased my hilarity; they state: "The performer personifies the malevolence in our current ecological landscape"
Er, if you say so. This was choreographed by Gary Beacom, would he really do a piece about malevolence??? I bet it was supposed to be a comedy routine and Ice Theatre just made it deep and significant.
Patrick O'Hearn, dressed as a cat burglar in a black unitard and an eye mask, did a fun routine with some really creative spins. I didn't see anything malevolent about it. Huh.
7- 11/11. Lots of tick-tocking like clocks, which are a common element for these guys. The notes state: "With the past and future trying to get our attention, we tend to forget the present"
What Ice Theatre should forget is trying to be profound and serious, and give us some upbeat numbers that are just meant to entertain. I have no clue what the 11/11 meant: November 11th? Eleven minutes past 11?
Hidden meaning aside, this was enjoyable and wouldn't have looked out of place at a Cirque du Soleil show.
8-In Passing. I loved this. Joel Dear and Christian Erwin did a pas de deux of sorts to Adele's "When we Were Young"
But the meaning couldn't just be "two guys meet and are attracted to each other", oh no, that would be too obvious. Instead, one man restored another man's memory about an unresolved relationship.
9- Plushenko. Wow!
10- Requiem. Skaated by Jessica Huot (in white) and Conor Wagar (in black). No notes. So they could have been an angel and a devil, Yin and Yang, or possibly it was meant to be a statement about the geopolitical situation in Tibet.
11- Tango Images. Tango music, and according to the program, was merely supposed to represent the passion of the dance, but I knew better. It was really "Giselle" set in Argentina, the ladies were meant to be wilis and wanted to make the 2 men dance to death. It started off ok but dragged on too long, I applauded madly when it was over.
All in all, aside from the bonus of seeing Plushenko, a typical, nicely skated, hilarity-provoking performance.
Not really into Ice Theatre either. Happily, I did not look at the program - I was just there for Plushenko. I did like the pre-show/opening. I found the three willowy women doing figures as the audience assembled beautiful and timeless, and liked the way their silent skating morphed into the show's beginning. The narration or poem, what I could hear of it, seemed appropriate enough to me. The rest was just pretty, pretentious or both. I did like the goggle-man piece (Beacom's) moderately - it seemed derivative of Paul Taylor's Three Epitaphs - but I spent most of it trying to guess what the creature might be... frog, bug, alien, cat burglar, whatever.... It went on too long but Eliot Halvorsen was good.
Oh well. It was great of them to bring Plushy to NY. Thanks, Ice Theatre!
What about Tai & Randy being honored?
That seemed odd, if Tai and Randy were present, I didn't see them, and the announcer never mentioned them.
Marge_Simpson said:
They were there tonight, but not Sat.
gkelly
Thanks for the review, Marge_Simpson.
Gary Beacom, Malevolent Landscape, 1992
Decide for yourself whether it was supposed to be a comedy routine or deep and significant (or both or neither).
The gala dinner was last night -- here's a photo of Tai B., Randy G., Ari Zakarian & Plushenko: https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba5Ku5VlMzY/?taken-by=icenetwork
Here's another Babilonia/Gardner retrospective article (published before they were honored by ITNY): http://web.icenetwork.com/news/2017/10/27/259831720
Fan cams of Plushenko's performances last night:
Storm: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jPGkY9uPUA
Carmina Burana: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8hQTMHr99E
Thanks for sharing your impressions of the entire show, @Marge_Simpson!
6-Malevolent landscape. ... Patrick O'Hearn, dressed as a cat burglar in a black unitard and an eye mask, did a fun routine with some really creative spins. I didn't see anything malevolent about it. Huh.
Eliot Halverson (2007 U.S. junior men's champion) skated "Malevolent Landscape" on Saturday night -- here's a photo he shared before the show: https://www.instagram.com/p/Ba4DOoGFrhe/?taken-by=eliothalverson
More about the Dear/Erwin duet, which I really enjoyed when saw it live this past June, from when they performed the number at Harvard's Jimmy Fund show in September and how the skaters themselves view the piece (article by Sarah Brannen):
A highlight of "An Evening with Champions" was a beautiful and romantic male duet performed by Joel Dear and Christian Erwin to Adele's "When We Were Young." Erwin, a member of Ice Theatre of New York (ITNY), competed as an ice dancer with partner Kenzie Reid, last appearing at the U.S. championships in 2013. He asked Dear to choreograph a program for him and Reid last spring.
Erwin lives in New York City and Reid lives in Wisconsin, so Dear skated her part as he worked on the program with Erwin. People noticed and were intrigued.
"I ended up performing the program with Kenzie in the first iteration, and then the director of ITNY really liked the piece as two men," Erwin said. "We had the opportunity to perform it in June at the Ice Theatre 'Unplugged' event. We're going to do it again with Ice Theatre in October."
"We really wanted it to just be about the connection between two people, and not necessarily matter whether it's male-female, two males, two females," Dear said. "It's just about the way we connect with people in passing and form relationships and have a really deep connection."
Erwin said the relationship between the two performers is deliberately ambiguous.
"It could be brothers, or friends, or lovers," he said. "We drew inspiration from the song: You're walking by someone on the street and they remind you of someone; you see this person and you get swept up in this memory, taken back to this moment you shared with a person, whoever they may be."
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Should Forex Traders Be Concerned About France's Marine Le Pen?
In the wake of the Brexit referendum in the U.K. and Donald Trump victory in the U.S. president election, there has been some commotion surrounding the possibility of an ensuing nationalist uprising in France's upcoming election that could also propel National Front candidate Marine Le Pen into the country's presidency in elections scheduled for April and May 2017.
Le Pen has put forth proposals for France's break from integration in the European Union and the restoration of the country's full sovereignty and autonomous decision-making. That prospect has raised concerns among some market participants, who believe such a move could prompt future uncertainties or possible devaluation of French and European assets.
Who Is Marine Le Pen?
Marine Le Pen is a French lawmaker, and the youngest daughter of the French National Front party founder Jean-Marie Le Pen. Her father ran for election to the presidency unsuccessfully five times between 1974 and 2007, losing to Socialist François Mitterrand and his allies, and Republican Jacques Chirac and his allies.
Marine Le Pen ran for election to the presidency in 2012. She has called for a new "Europe of Nations." As part of this, she has vowed to negotiate with EU officials in Brussels to restore France's authority over border control, economic and monetary sovereignty, and control of national laws.[1]
Does Le Pen Have A Chance?
Based purely on Le Pen's record and the record of her party in French presidential elections, her chances of the presidential election do not appear very good.[2]
Many analysts predict that if she makes it into the country's runoff election, a groundswell of opposition voters, regardless of their party affiliation, could support her opponent and vote against her in order to spoil her chances in the general election. However, the current political climate in France and the tide of nationalist and protectionist sentiment that has swept around the globe have introduced some doubt regarding that supposition.[3]
According to polls ahead of the first-round vote, Le Pen has a good chance of making it into a second-round runoff, with support from about 27.5% of the voters. That puts her ahead of the nearest challengers Emmanuel Macron of the centrist En Marche party and François Fillon of the Republican Party, who have about 20% each. Under France's election rules, the two candidates with the largest number of votes face each other in a runoff election.[4]
In a runoff vote, however, Le Pen is seen losing to Macron by a total of 60% to 40%; and to Fillon by a total of 55% to 45%. When she campaigned for the presidency in 2012, she received some 6.4 million votes, or around 18% of the total in the first round.[4]
An Alert?
For forex traders (or any other type of financial trader), it may be unwise to sit passively in the face of the possibility of a sharp change in policy, no matter its likelihood. Traders are better served by preparing for the possibility of change or even viewing it as an opportunity to move into a trade ahead of the rest of the market.
Certain events—such as sudden unannounced reversals of policies by government finance authorities or central banks—may be difficult to prepare for. However, electoral decisions on changes in leadership are often widely telegraphed in advance and usually allow traders to set up their positions in an advantageous manner ahead of the change. Le Pen's strong poll numbers suggest the upcoming elections in France could be an appropriate moment for this type of foresight and advanced preparation.[5]
What Could Happen If Le Pen Is Elected?
Le Pen has vowed to hold a referendum on France's membership in the EU within the first year of her administration if she wins the election. Should voters opt to leave the EU, she has said her administration would withdraw the country from participation in the single euro currency, and re-launch a French national currency.[6]
Le Pen has suggested that her administration would favour a new national currency that floated in a narrow band in relation to the euro. It would be similar to what was used in the ECU currency system, which existed in Europe before the introduction of the euro. Some analysts have said they believe France's separation from Europe would favour the devaluation of the country's assets and possible delay in repayment of some of its debt.[7]
France's breakaway from Europe could also bring a knock-on effect for the euro. Some fear the country's defection from the single currency could encourage similar "secession" movements in other major EU nations, and bring pressure on sovereign debt in the region. Such pressure would likely weaken the euro, if not eventually encourage the breakup of the eurozone altogether.[8]
In the event such a risk arises, the market could move to short the euro in favour of other major currencies. If this scenario becomes a reality, forex traders will want to position themselves for a weakening euro.[8]
Following recent trends around the globe, the outlook for the results of the French election has become less clear. Additionally, the chance that the Le Pen could win the election has increased.
Le Pen's platform of promoting France's greater independence from the rest of Europe represents a radical break from the country's traditional stance. Her victory could lead to a revisiting of French policy that would re-introduce a stand-alone national French currency and possibly have a negative influence on the strength of the euro.
While her chances of victory in a second round of elections remain unclear, forward-looking traders will want to prepare for any possible fallout from such a scenario ahead of the elections in order to avoid taking positions that could lead to undesirable consequences.
What Effect Will The 2017 French Presidential Election Have On The US Economy?
How Will The French Presidential Election (April 2017) Affect The Euro?
View All French Presidential Election 2017 Articles...
What is the Potential Impact of a "Grexit"?
The Greek Financial Crisis
EUR – Euro
Retrieved 25 Feb 2017 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/06/marine-le-pen-front-national-cameron-eu-referendum
Retrieved 25 Feb 2017 http://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/21/history-tells-us-le-pen-has-no-chance-of-winning-the-french-election-publicis-ceo.html
Retrieved 25 Feb 2017 http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/marine-le-pen-front-national-to-win-french-presidency-francios-fillon-emmanuel-macron-what-would-go-a7593611.html
Retrieved 25 Feb 2017 http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2017/02/daily-chart-20
Retrieved 25 Feb 2017 https://www.ft.com/content/a581d44a-ed43-11e6-930f-061b01e23655
Retrieved 25 Feb 2017 http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/749956/Marine-Le-Pen-France-EU-single-currency-euro-ECU-eurozone-National-Front
Retrieved 25 Feb 2017 http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21714372-if-national-front-leaders-chances-becoming-frances-president-rise-markets
Retrieved 25 Feb 2017 http://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/06/what-happens-if-france-leaves-the-eu.html


This morning at church we dedicated the little girls.
It was maybe the most lively dedication ever...squirmy 7 year olds, talkative 15 month olds who threw their bonnets, pulled the bow out of their big sister's hair, pulled their big brother's hair, and one who responded to our minister's attempt to hold her with a shaking of the head and "No, no, no, no!"
Don't be afraid, I've redeemed you.
called you in from every dark corner of the earth.
Telling you, "You're my servant, serving my side."
I've picked you up, I haven't dropped you.
There's no need to fear for I'm you're God.
I'll give you strength, I'll help you.
After a fun lunch with our dear friends and a long afternoon nap, I think we have recovered!
I've never heard of choosing a life verse for your child before. What a beautiful thing for a parent to do for their child.
Love the picture, especially the hair pulling. What a long suffering big brother!
Our babies are going to be dedicated the Sunday before Christmas. Hopefully they'll be too young to misbehave!


text:
Welcome to the WRAM!
About the WRAMs
WRAM Honor Roll
WRAM Show
2016 WRAM Show Exhibitors
R/C Tips
DeVore Field
Field Rules
Join the WRAM
Introduction to Aeromodeling
The Westchester Radio Aero Modelers, Inc., the not-for-profit club that brings you this site, is one of the leading organizations in R/C, the radio control hobby. In addition to the private pursuit of modeling by our individual members, we operated one of the leading trade shows each year (the WRAM Show ended it's successful 46 year run in 2016) and we have introduced a program aimed at encouraging the involvement of youngsters in modeling. The latter effort aims to encourage parents and other adults to help kids out with support in getting started and in encouraging an absorbing and healthy new interest.
Our main focus is on aircraft modeling, but we encourage you to also try the related hobbies of model cars and boats. Our members are simply hobbyists who would like to encourage others to follow their path and pursue a wealth of fun and knowledge.
What Everyone Should Know, Including Parents
RC can be a terrifically sophisticated hobby. It will allow you to build and fly virtually any aircraft ever designed. But it is also an absorbing pastime that can be as leisurely and relaxing as you wish. Parents should know that it is a hobby that is incredibly worthwhile to support. Youngsters who learn basic skills of modeling are well on the way to a lifetime of achievement and learning, because in this hobby one area of knowledge and understanding leads to another. But more on that later.
Notes From The President of the WRAMs
Psychologists may never agree as to which comes first, the inquisitive mind, or exposure to a challenging educational experience that "grows" the mind into an imaginative, creative, ever-searching, problem-solving machine. Most would agree, however, that all things being equal, stimulating, exciting educational experiences early in life set the tone for future success.
From the building of the most rudimentary hand-launched glider to the designing, building, and flying of a sophisticated radio control aircraft, model aviation stands head and shoulders above virtually any other hobby as an exciting tool to teach the patience, perseverance, technical skills, and mental and physical disciplines necessary to succeed in today's hi-tech, demanding society. Never have we needed these skills more than in the highly competitive world environment we have today.
It should come as no surprise that model aviation was the hobby of choice for many of our highly successful commercial and military pilots and astronauts. However, what may come as a surprise is how many successful persons in virtually every career category, from carpenter to brain surgeon, were exposed to this hobby in their formative years. The skills and disciplines learned in this hobby will enhance an individual's performance whatever the career path.
Model aviation, unfortunately, receives little exposure and remains a largely hidden hobby to the general public today. The WRAMs for more than 30 years have dedicated themselves to the advancement of the hobby and bringing it to the attention of the broadest audience possible through our WRAM Show, the longest-running and largest modeling show on the east coast and our "Hat in the Ring" Youth Aviation Program, both of which are explained in detail later in this Net page.
We invite you to read on and explore the wonders of this hi-tech hobby. However, I must warn you to be careful. The excitement is catching and you may find yourself addicted for life.
The age of a youngster ready to start an interesting new pursuit is probably best determined by his or her parents. In most cases, a child of about 8 years can begin to absorb the needed information and to develop the hands-on skills for steady progress.
For many kids, the thrill of building or even just assembling a model that flies is something never forgotten. Too many kids spend countless hours watching TV or in other passive efforts when instead they could be having a wonderful action-filled time while learning a lot all at once.
There are exceptions to every rule, of course, like the starting age for modeling. One of today's champion aerobatic R/C fliers began to hone his skills at the age of 5 (with a lot of help from his dad, as you can imagine). In any event, for those who can handle a computer, learning to fly in virtual reality is certainly possible. There are terrific RC flight simulators that use the same controls as real RC fliers do and anyone of any age can operate them with perfect safety.
Safety is often considered a bore, but it is absolutely crucial for anyone desiring a long and happy life no matter what you like to do. Practice it always and encourage your kids and young acquaintances to do the same. There is an old axiom in aviation that says, "There are old pilots and there are bold pilots, but there are no old, bold pilots." Once safety becomes a habit, confident judgments become easy.
Success In Modeling (And Maybe Life Itself?)
We are getting a little philosophical here, but forgive us for observations that we are convinced are true. The one attribute we have seen in people who succeed, no matter what their natural or acquired endowments may be, is Determination.
Any pursuit can be frustrating at times, but if you have the drive to succeed it will mean more than having the IQ of a genius or having a rich and benevolent uncle.
The Way To Become a Champion
One last bit of general observation and that is the value of dedication. If you have watched the habits of people who excel you know that they are the ones who put in an extra measure of work. They are there early at a contest, making sure their equipment is working flawlessly. If they are racers, they follow a regimen of practice, experimentation, and tune-ups that might bore the socks off the rest of us. Excellence comes easier for some people but, all things being equal, the people who become champions have top-notch focus and stick-to-itivity. A great U. S. Navy fighter pilot, David McCampbelI, who won the Congressional Medal of Honor and downed 34 enemy planes in WWII, returned from one mission with only enough fuel for ten more minutes of flying. Asked about the low fuel after the sortie in which he downed nine planes, he said "I wasn't worried. I had drained the tank a half-dozen times to make sure I had the readings on the gauge down pat."


Access to computers and a qualified teacher will ensure a brighter future for the children.
We worked closely with the Ministry of Borders and Tribal Affairs to first understand what was required in schools and then develop a customized solution.
Supreme Foundation, a registered charitable trust established by the global supply chain solutions provider Supreme Group, has recently opened a computer lab to support the education of 2,000 disadvantaged students attending Khushal Khan #1 High School in Kabul.
The project involved the procurement and installation of computer workstations, projectors and printers, as well as the refurbishment of the classroom's electrics, cables, doors and security system. In addition, Supreme Foundation has sponsored the appointment of a full-time IT teacher to teach computer studies to all students. It is the first time that computers will be available at the school.
Supreme Group is a leader in the provision of end to end supply chain solutions in some of the world's most challenging and remote locations. The Group has operated in Afghanistan for more than 10 years in support of many of the world's leading organizations, governments and diplomatic missions. For more information, visit http://www.supreme-group.net.


What would skiing be without ski towns? Our favorites are historic, and often center around a main drag like Crested Butte's Elk Avenue. When the lifts close, visitors congregate along this street, which beats with the pulse of a town whose 125-year history has volleyed from mining to ranching to skiing. Shops and restaurants, illuminated by quaint street lights, line the path through century-old Victorian buildings that fairly demand you look inside. The fact that Crested Butte is a National Historic District helps keep the charm intact. It's skiing's own Brigadoon.


Aurora University is set to build a 503-space parking garage on the southwest corner of its campus on the city's West Side.
The City Council will vote Tuesday on the final plan for the garage, which will be 147,600 square feet and four stories high. It would be built basically along Southlawn Place at the east entrance to campus, near Prairie Street and Evanslawn Avenue.
The plan for the garage is no surprise, as it was contemplated when the city passed amendments this year to the Aurora University master plan, an update of the original campus plan put together in 2004.
That plan encompasses an almost 46-acre area mainly bordered by Gladstone Avenue, Evanslawn Avenue, Marseillaise Place and Prairie Street — a plan that has largely already been accomplished. The campus consists of 18 major buildings, seven parking lots and a football and soccer field with bleachers.
Bruce Goldsmith, an Aurora University attorney, told aldermen this week at a Committee of the Whole meeting that the garage would help with the parking situation around the campus, hopefully clearing some cars off the streets surrounding the campus.
With the garage, the campus will have 1,560 parking spaces.
According to the plan, access into the parking deck would be at the northwest corner and on the east side of the building. The drive aisle along the east side of the parking deck is being widened to accommodate a left turn bay at the intersection with Prairie Street.
The gate on the vacated portion of Southlawn Place is being moved to the west between the proposed parking deck and the adjacent property to alleviate traffic on Southlawn Place.
The building will be a combination of red brick, precast, and glass, according to city officials. The school is proposing Aurora University signage along the east elevation and the inlay of the university's logo on the north side of the building.
Landscaping would be put around the building. If the council approves the final plan next week, it would approve a variance to increase the height of the parking deck from 35 feet to an average of a little over 41 feet, with a maximum of almost 56 feet.
"It will be brick clad; it looks very nice," Goldsmith said.


This Prospective Cohort Study evaluated adults (20–64 years old) between the years of 2011 and 2015, in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The main objective was to evaluate the risk factors for tooth loss in adults. Data were collected at households and selected via probabilistic sampling, through clinical examination of caries, considering as variables the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth index, need for caries treatment, periodontal disease (Community Periodontal Index and Periodontal Attachment Loss), use and need for dental prosthesis, and presence of visible biofilm. A questionnaire about demographic, socioeconomic and health habits, use of dental services, self-perceived quality of life (Oral Health Impact Profile-14) and health literacy (14-item Health Literacy Scale) was also employed. In 2011, 248 adults participated, and in 2015, 143 (follow-up rate = 57.7%). Despite the follow-up sample loss, most sociodemographic characteristics remained in the participant sample: for example, women (72.0%) (p = 0.534), family income between R$545,00 and R$1090,00 (63.9%) (p = 0.920), above 11 years of education (53.1%) (p = 0.200) and belonging to middle class (67.1%) (p = 0.909).
According to the Global Burden of Disease, between 1990 and 2010 the conditions of untreated caries, severe periodontal disease, and tooth loss were among the 100 conditions with the most impact on worldwide health . Oral diseases, in addition to causing physical, social and psychological injuries, have a financial impact on developed as well as developing countries . Even though they are preventable, they remain one of the major public health problems in the world .
Despite significant advances in the field of Dentistry and Public Health, untreated caries in permanent teeth is the most prevalent disease in the world , with periodontal disease in the sixth place . In both cases, the last decades have seen no reduction of prevalence in adults [4, 5], and these health issues commonly lead to tooth loss .
Epidemiological surveys are an important instrument for verifying the actual health conditions of the population and the general effects of provided services . Recent studies have shown a reduction in the impact of oral diseases to younger age groups. Their prevalence and severity, however, increases depending on the studied age group [1, 4, 5]. Due to disparities in the experience of caries (DMFT) found in the adult age group (35–44 years) by the last epidemiological surveys of oral health performed in Brazil  when compared with adolescents (15–19 years) and elderly (65–74 years), it is necessary to study an extended adult age group and not as recommended by the World Health Organization .
Thus, to gather data on the incidence, distribution and risk factors associated with the main oral diseases, it is necessary to conduct a prospective cohort of oral health in an extended adult age group. This can contribute to health promotion actions and reduce impacts on the population's quality of life . To this date, no longitudinal population-based study of the adult age group in Brazil has been found. This study aims to describe methodological aspects involved in a Prospective Cohort Study of adult oral health in Piracicaba, Brazil. The main objective of this cohort was to evaluate the risk indicators for tooth loss in adults.
Starting from a 2011 baseline, this Prospective Cohort Study was performed with adults between 20 and 64 years old, in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University (Number 177/2009).
Sample selection was based on the Brazilian Demographic Census (2000) , the latest data available at the time of the study. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, had 202,131 adults in the 20–64 years age group. The sample size were calculated in two age groups: 20–44 years old and 45–64 years old, because of the difference in oral health conditions between these two groups. Effect design (deff) was 1.5; 10.0% of margin of error, 95% of confidence interval and prevalence of caries experience among the adults (70.2% for young adults and 90.9% for older adults) . The total sample size was 240 adults. It was added 30% to the total to compensate occasional sample loss and effects of non-response, resulted in the need for participation of 342 adults [8, 11].
The sample selection occurred in two stages. First a total of 30 census tracts, number used in Brazilian oral health epidemiological studies, were randomly selected from 392 in this municipality, using probability sampling, plus 2 in case some needed to be replaced. It was included in the study census tracts in urban area and no special characteristics. In the second stage, considering the selection of an adult per household, was considered for the calculation the average number of residents per household was 2.5 and number of households per sector was 177.8 in the 2000 census . Thus, to achieve the number of adults in the sample calculus, an average of 11.4 households per census tract would be required [8, 11]. The households were selected considering the fraction determined by the number of total households divided per 11. An example, if the census presented 220 houses, it was defined the fraction 220 divided per 11, resulting in the fraction of number of houses to selected one, in this case, for each 20 houses travelled, the examiner selected 1 house, varying according the number of houses of census tract [8, 11].
Data collection was carried out between June and September 2011. Inclusion criteria were: participants had to be living in selected residences in Piracicaba, São Paulo, and had to be between 20 and 64 years old (in 2011). Exclusion criteria were: unable to participate due to physical and psychological conditions [8, 11]. When the household had been empty at three attempts to contact the participant, it was considered a lost.
During the baseline stage, one examiner conducted the study, after being trained by a standard examiner, during 16 h. Intraexaminer agreement ranged from 96.5 to 100.0%, and the Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.89 to 1.00 [8, 11].
The research consisted of clinical oral examinations and interviews, as shown in Table 1. Clinical examinations took place in the households, under artificial lighting without prior prophylaxis or drying, using CPI-probes and front surface mouth mirrors, as recommended by the World Health Organization . In addition, each participant answered a self-administered questionnaire.
Data collection took place between June and September 2015. Inclusion criterion was having participated in the baseline independent of actual address. Exclusion criteria were the same as the baseline [12, 13]. Details of calibration process were described in previous publication .
Subjects were sought at their addresses and invited to participate in the study. The research consisted of clinical oral examinations and interviews using the same criteria and examination protocol employed during baseline stage [8, 11], as well as new exam, as shown in Table 1. In addition, each volunteer answered a self-administered questionnaire, containing additional research questions. At the time of data collection, each subject kept the same baseline identification [12, 13].
During baseline stage, there was a loss of 94 (24.0%) adults because they did not agree to participate in the study or were not found (Fig. 1). The baseline sample was composed of 248 adults, representing 149,635 residents adults between 20 and 64 years old from Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
During follow-up stage, the sample was composed of 143 (follow-up rate = 57.7%) individuals. The reasons for not participating were: 64 (25.8%) could not be found, 33 (13.3%) refused to participate and 8 (3.2%) died (Fig. 1).
Despite the occurrence of sample loss at follow-up (Fig. 1), women (72.2% and 72.0%, respectively), subjects with an income between 1 and 2 minimum wages (R$545,00–R$1090,00) (64.9% and 63.9%), subjects who had above 11 years of education (54.8% and 53.1%), and subjects who belonged to the middle class (67.4% and 67.1%) remained in the participating sample (Table 2).
This is the first prospective population-based cohort study on oral health in adults in Brazil, and the information from this cohort can be verified in recent publications, whether in respect to baseline (first-wave) [8, 11, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24] and second-wave data [12, 13, 18, 25].
Although it had follow-up losses, this study is in line with other longitudinal studies [26, 27, 28]. Loss of follow-up was aggravated by the fact that this was a population-based study in the adult age group, with a follow-up period of nothing less than 4 years. When working with a predominantly economically-active age group, there is a methodological difficulty in finding participants in their residences, for data collection, and in reencountering them in the same household, after a long period.
The greater participation of women has been verified among surveys employing household data collection [6, 29]. This is not what happens in studies with workers, in which there is a greater participation of men . This raises questions on the best place for data collection in the adult age group: one must consider the representativeness of the population and at the same time minimize possible biases of sample selection .
During follow-up, although socioeconomic characteristics were the same in the participant and non-participant sample, there were statistical differences in the prevalence of some of these characteristics. Older individuals with white skin color and stable union predominated in the final sample. One possible explanation is that individuals with greater financial stability, such as house owners, have a greater chance of remaining in the sample.
This cohort study's initial research line was concerned with data related to dental loss, such as: a new classification of tooth loss , incidence description [12, 13] and risk factors , impact on self-perceived quality of life [8, 11], self-reported reasons for tooth extraction [12, 22], and spatial distribution [23, 24]. Currently, studies have been focusing on the association between health literacy and health behaviors, self-perceived quality of life and oral clinical conditions [21, 25]. For this, the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 14-item Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14) can be a useful instrument, capable of evaluating health literacy in three levels: functional, communicative and critical .
It was described the methodological aspects of the oral health cohort of adults, that was very important to better understand the risk of tooth loss and others aspects involved with oral health.
During baseline stage, household collection led the sample to be composed mostly of women.
During follow-up stage, there was sample loss, and greater participation of older individuals, with white skin color and in stable union.
During the follow-up stage, the gross age was not considered but which age group the individual belonged at baseline in order to keep the adult in the study and did not change it from their subgroup.
In this longitudinal study, a new sample calculation was not performed, because the objective was to evaluate the variables in the same individuals from the initial sample. This may not refer to the representativeness of the initial population.
In two stages, the data collection was performed by interview and not by self-administered questionnaire, since there were illiterate individuals who were not excluded from the sample. Thus, the standardization by this means of collection by interview was adequate to the participation of all the universe chosen for the study.
In two stages, the presence of periodontal pocket, it should be noted that this measure was performed by index teeth in each sextant, and not individualized.
Despite the limitations presented in the study, the data are reliable to present results referring to a population epidemiological study of oral health of adults, and it is encouraged that future studies may overcome the methodological limitations presented here.
MFSJ made substantial contributions to acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, and wrote the manuscript. MLRS made substantial contributions to study conception and design, critically revised of the manuscript. MJB made substantial contributions to study conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data and critically revised of the manuscript. All authors agrees to being held accountable for all aspects of this work and ensures that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors thank Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Frias for contributing to the study's design. We thank Espaço da Escrita, Coordenadoria Geral da Universidade Estadual de Campinas for the language services provided. Special thanks to all study participants.
The datasets analyzed during the present study are with the corresponding author and may be available upon reasonable request.
This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil (Number 177/2009). All adults who participated in the study signed a consent form and those who needed dental care were referred to public dental services closer to their home.
This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grant Number #2009/16560-0 and #2011/00545-1, cooperation agreements with FAPESP and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Grant Number #2014/15184-2 and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Grant Number #141128/2017-8.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas (IBGE). Censo Demográfico 2000. Brasília: IBGE; 2000. Disponível em: http://www.ibge.gov.br/censo. Acesso em 1 Mar 2010.


text:
Q: I want to display the google map only after the search is clicked I need to display the Google Map after I have performed my search, but the search box should have autocomplete locations/places. The search box should have the autocomplete places while searching and when clicked on THEN the map should be displayed with the location accordingly.
Here is the code:

And this is the other code:
<input id="pac-input" class="controls" type="text" placeholder="Search" >

A: One approach would be to set the visibility property of the

 element to hidden in your CSS.
#map {
  height: 100%;
  visibility: hidden;
}

Then, at the end of your search box places_changed event handler, set the map element's visibility to visible:
document.getElementById('map').style.visibility = 'visible';

Also, in order to prevent the search box from going invisible as well, I would remove this line from your code:
map.controls[google.maps.ControlPosition.TOP_LEFT].push(input);

Here is a JSBin with a working example.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


At imprints-tshirt we aim to excel in all are products and service listings, offering only the best we provide high quality and excellent products within the screen t shirt printing industry. Always looking at exceling, our goal is to offer our valued clients only the best in screen printing materials and that at a low and fair price while always keeping the quality of the item sold in focus.
We always deliver your order within the specified time frame and offer you to test it before the all details are finalized.
Only carrying the best in aluminum screens and mesh fabric, imprints-tshirt is always seeking out newer and better technologies as well. Our approach here at imprints-tshirt is old fashioned, customer services is prime to us and we stand by our business model which enables us to offer and provide the best in customer services and support to our customers, allow us to please answer any questions you might have with regards to recent purchase you have made, or even if you're thinking of buying a unit let us guide you through. We have something for everyone, doesn't matter if you're a large business or a hobbyist based at home or even a small business owner we list items match your exacting needs.


Cacharel launched Eden in 1994 as a floral fragrance for women. The perfume was created by Jean Guichard. Eden is one of the most famous of Cacharel fragrances, with its unique oriental floral aquatic scent that is both fresh and sensual, with a feminine blend of spicy accords.
Top notes: Lemon, bergamot, peach and mandarin orange.
Heart notes: Melon, jasmine, tuberose, pineapple, mimosa, rose, lotus, lily-of-the-valley and water lily.
Base notes: Cedar, black locust, patchouli, tonka bean and sandalwood.


In the State of California burglary, (a form of theft) is separated from general types of theft and is also broken down into different kinds of burglary. Based on how the crime was committed, charges will vary as well as the levels of penalization. California Penal Code 464 states it is illegal to burglarize a safe by using explosives or any torch device. The Penal Code refers to both vaults and safes.
California Penal Code 459 states burglary consists of entering a building with the full intent of committing a felony once you are inside. The building you enter can be either residential or commercial and even if theft is not completed; the intent to steal once inside constitutes burglary.
The Penal Code 459 lists any tenement, apartment, house, room, store, stable, warehouse, shop, barn, mill, outhouse, or any other building, tent, or vessel that is entered with an intent to commit petit larceny, grand larceny or any felony is considered burglary. The crime of burglary is divided into two degrees.
First-degree burglary is committing the crime in a residence.
Second-degree burglary occurs in any other type of structure.
Proposition 47, passed by California voters in 2014, distinguishes shoplifting as a separate form of crime from that listed under Penal Code 459 . Shoplifting falls under Penal Code 459.5 and occurs when a person enters an open business with the intent to steal materials worth $950.00 or less.
If convicted of first-degree burglary in California, you are facing consequences which could include prison time from two, four, or six years. A second-degree burglary conviction is a 'wobbler' which means, you could be charged with either a felony or misdemeanor. If the prosecution decides charges are serious enough to charge you with a felony, your sentence could be jail time of sixteen months, two years, or three years. If charged as a misdemeanor, your sentence could include jail time of up to one year.
Contact a criminal defense attorney if charged with any form of burglary. An experienced attorney can help you identify common legal defenses used against Penal Code 459 and protect your rights and future.
California Penal Code 464 covers the burglary of a safe or vault and is considered a crime of burglary with the use of explosives. Committing a crime using acetylene torches, explosives or other similar devices to open a vault, safe, or another secure place is more serious under the law. This offense is a felony no matter what the targeted location is; residential or commercial. If convicted of this crime, you are facing three, five, or seven years in a state prison.
You can be charged under Penal Code 464 whether the building is vacant or inhibited. If you are caught entering the structure with explosives during the day or at night, you can be charged. This charge is different than California burglary law which applies different penalties for commercial versus residential burglary charges. It also only applies if you have actually entered the structure. Under this Penal Code, you must have first entered the structure and then attempted or actually opened the secure area.
California considers a burglary of a safe or vault to have used an acetylene torch or burning bar, electric arc, oxygen lance, thermal lance or other similar devices that are capable of burning through a solid substance such as concrete or steel. Explosives include nitroglycerine, gunpowder, or other explosive materials.
States all have their laws criminalizing the possession of tools that are capable of being used to force entry into a structure, vault, or safe. These tools are considered to show intent that you plan to use them to commit a burglary, theft, or to trespass. Tools which are found to be burglary tools or burglarious tools have laws in many states to be proof of intent when charging one with a crime.
Burglary tools can be defined as an instrument, device, or another object that has been designed, modified, or are one commonly used to force entry into a structure and used for theft of items. There are some states which have created statues containing a list of prohibited items that when found in your possession show an intent to commit burglary. The intention must be proven that you were going to use the tool to force an entry. For example, blacksmiths who carry tools to pick locks are not committing a crime as they are tools of their trade. If you are bringing these same tools and attempting to enter a building not part of your personal property or one you have been hired to open, these tools are then burglarious tools and possessing them is a part of your crime.
California Penal Code 18710 was enacted in recognition of the potential damage which can be done by destructive devices or explosives. The damage these materials can cause is immense, even when discharged accidentally. The Penal Code 18710 prohibits any unauthorized possession of these deadly devices, and Penal Code 18720 covers the possession of destructive device materials.
If you or someone you know has been charged with the possession of destructive materials or device, you need to contact a criminal defense attorney. We can help you prove you did not knowingly possess the material or devices, or that you did not know the extent of damage these materials can cause. If the items you are charged with are considered antique, your attorney can help establish this fact. It may also be these items were discovered while authorities performed an improper search and it was not done with probable cause. If either of these is discovered in your case, an experienced criminal attorney can have evidence of destructive materials suppressed from your charges.
The prosecution will have to prove your possession of these materials is proof of your intent to commit a crime. For example, it is not illegal to own large amounts of fertilizer when living in a rural area. It would be the burden of the prosecution to prove you specifically own this material with the intent to create an explosive.
If you are convicted of charges for possessing destructive materials or devices, the prosecution can use the 'wobbler' and charge you with either a misdemeanor or a felony. How it will be charged will depend on the circumstances of your case and your past criminal history. If charged as a misdemeanor, you can be sentenced up to one year in jail. If convicted under felony charges, you can be sentenced up to three years in prison.
In addition to these charges, you would have to forfeit any destructive devices found in your possession. If charged as a felony offense, you will be prohibited from possessing a firearm for the rest of your life. If you've been charged with possession of destructive materials or devices, you need legal counsel right away. We have the knowledge and experience to argue prosecutorial evidence and reduce charges or dismiss them and protect your future.
A prosecutor will have to prove you possessed a specific tool to commit a burglary. Owning and carrying a screwdriver, for example, would not usually be a crime. Depending on the circumstances of where you are found with this tool and how you were using it will give the prosecutor the evidence needed to charge you with illegal possession of the item. Having a criminal defense attorney working with you through these charges will help in establishing an alternative reason the article was in your possession.
It is often argued that state laws criminalizing burglary tools have gone overboard or are too vague. The United States Constitution prohibits criminal statues which are considered unclear and make it difficult for a person to determine what exactly falls under criminal conduct. There have not been many challenges to this statue which have proven successful, but it is one area for your criminal defense attorney to consider.
If you are convicted of possessing burglary tools, you can be charged with a felony. Most often this charge falls under a misdemeanor. Having a criminal defense attorney working with you if charged with possession of a burglary tool can help you get the charges reduced or dismissed.
If you are convicted under Penal Code 464, it is not a small offense. The conviction under this charge will be considered a felony and could land you a sentence of up to seven years in a county jail with up to $10,000 in fines. It is a serious crime and one that will require you to obtain the services of an experienced criminal defense attorney. You will need the representation that defends your rights and can fight the prosecution's case under reasonable doubt.
If you are convicted of a felony in California, you are facing serious consequences which can include jail or prison time along with a fine. The repercussions after serving your sentence are even more devastating. Long after you have served your time and paid your fine, you will still feel like your punishment is continuing.
Your rights, such as your civil rights and privileges can be taken away, and you will find it difficult, possibly impossible to gain substantial employment. Having a felony conviction on your records will also make it impossible or extremely difficult to earn a promotion. Employers are able to ask about the conviction on your files and if there is a legitimate, business-related reason for them to refuse hiring or promoting you, it is considered a legal act.
If you've been convicted of a felony and served your sentence, but feel you are receiving unfair or unconstitutional prejudice in your employment, contact a criminal defense attorney. We are able to look into your records to determine the reason behind your conviction, and whether or not it legally affects your employment opportunity, you are pursuing and being denied.
Another right you can lose after a felony conviction is the right to vote. The Fourteenth Amendment states your right to vote due to participation in a crime can be revoked. California suspends your right to vote while you are imprisoned or on parole when convicted of a felony.
An exemption to this revocation of voting rights would only be if the judge suspends execution of your sentence and has placed you on probation with the condition you serve one year less in a county jail. This probation will allow you to retain your right to vote while you are serving your time in jail.
You will not be allowed to serve on a jury in California if you have been convicted of a felony. The only way to serve after this type of conviction is to have your civil rights restored. To restore these rights, you have to apply for and be granted a Certificate of Rehabilitation and Pardon, or receive a direct pardon from California's Governor. Contact your criminal defense attorney to help you through this process and ensure a successful outcome.
The seriousness of a felony conviction is long lasting and life-changing. If you are being charged with a crime that may result in a felony conviction, you need an experienced criminal defense attorney working with you to reduce or dismiss your charges. Don't let one event in your life change your quality of life. Contact an attorney with experience in the California legal and court system help you protect your rights and future.
Contact Leah Legal if you or someone you know has been charged with burglary of a safe or vault. Call our Los Angeles Criminal Lawyer at 818-484-1100 today and speak to an attorney who knows the court system and laws of California to receive the best protection of your future. Check further through our website at to discover how we can help with all your legal needs.


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Ctrl Alt Career
Member Spotlight	 October 26, 2017 Like	0 Elyse Nabata
When you consider the professionals that make up an IT department, you're likely to think of programmers, application developers, coders, and IT support. However, does a professional accountant come to mind? It should.
From the Fall 2017 Issue of Capitalize magazine, CPA Alberta's publication geared to post-secondary students and others interested in a CPA career
Written by Laura Ly
With the prevalence of technology in organizations and businesses, there is a special niche that only CPAs can fill: helping IT departments develop and manage the finance and treasury components of business systems and programs.
That's where Michael Tucker CPA, CMA comes in.
Currently working at Nexen Energy ULC in Calgary as a SAP Finance/Treasury Consultant, Michael has built a successful career in IT specializing in SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products), a type of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. "ERP is a core system that pulls together every aspect of a company," explains Michael. ERPs typically manage and automate functions related to technology, office services, and human resources.
Michael refers to himself as a "functional" consultant, whose role is to ensure that the end user can use the system how they need to use it. "In simple terms, my role is to translate finance requirements into a technical solution," says Michael. In order to do so, an understanding of how finance works is key. "You need to be able to speak to the finance team and understand what they're saying and understand the applicable questions. It's hard to do that without the necessary knowledge."
While there is no such thing as a "typical" day for Michael, his day-to-day tasks can include creating new legal entities in the system, divesting companies as they're sold, supporting month-end processes, and creating new bank accounts and processes.
Michael dispels the misconception that IT is simply a technical field, admitting that he can "hardly read code": "I rely on the programmers to do the programming. They are the technical IT people, but there are also people like me who are there to support the finance team as the system voice."
Looking back, Michael states that he never considered a career in IT. "I sort of lucked into it," he recalls. After previously working as an accountant in a mutual fund in Toronto, Michael and his wife moved west to Calgary when his wife got a new career opportunity. Michael then started working for CP Rail creating an access database for revenue reporting—his first foray into IT before moving into a SAP role. "I got the SAP job without ever having seen one screen of SAP," says Michael. "And I've been doing it for 20 years now."
However, Michael's CPA designation and training ensured he was well-equipped to take on the challenge of working in a new field that, at first glance, seemed vastly different than traditional accounting. "A CPA means you're not pigeon-holed into going into a specific line of work," comments Michael. "CPAs are all over organizations, not necessarily in just the finance function. With a CPA, you can really work anywhere you want, doing whatever you want—the designation provides you with the foundation to do that."
For Michael, a designation not only enabled him to specialize his career in IT systems, it also allowed him to branch off into consulting. "I've been consulting now for eight years. Looking back, I never thought I had the knowledge or the capacity to consult," says Michael. "But it's very rewarding. You can speak your mind more, you get to move around more, see different industries, and meet more people. I've found the switch to consulting changed my whole mindset about my career."
There is no doubt that technology has had a monumental impact on the accounting profession, and that we've moved a long way from recording budgets manually on paper. "New technology is constantly being rolled out with increased automation, speed, and accessibility. The speed and volume of information is increasing at an unbelievable pace and puts pressure on accountants to interpret that information more quickly and in a way that is useful to their organization," suggests Michael.
However, the continued development of innovative technology means more opportunities for CPAs to go into IT and other technological fields where their financial acumen and business skills can make a real impact. "Accounting is constantly evolving, systems are constantly evolving, and you need expertise to ensure that they both follow along the same path," says Michael.
"CPAs are constantly working to improve the quality of reporting and the power of data analytics," he adds.
This article originally appeared in CPA Alberta's Capitalize Magazine.
Tags: AccountingCapitalizeERPITprofileSAP
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Kaley Cuoco Is "Very Sad" A Year After Karl Cook Split
May 1, 2022 May 11, 2022 Ab Rehman
Kaley Cuoco encountered some personal turbulence this year and she's not afraid to talk about Karl Cook's.
During an April 28 visit to The Kelly Clarkson Show, Kaley's voice wobbled as she discussed her recent Glamour cover story. Which in part details the physical and emotional turmoil The Flight Attendant star dealt with following her divorce from husband Karl Cook. "I'm very open. I'm very happy and life is normally pretty good and I don't like complaining because I have so much to be grateful for," Kaley told Kelly Clarkson. "I wanted to be very upfront that it wasn't my best year. And I've been very sad."
In September, Kaley Cuoco and Karl Cook's announced that they had ended their relationship after more than three years of marriage. In a joint statement to E! News, they shared, "Despite a deep love and respect for one another, we have realized that our current paths have taken us in opposite directions."
Since their split, Kaley has been open about her struggles on social media. While celebrating her 36th birthday, she captioned an Instagram post in part: "Sometimes it's okay to not feel totally okay."
"I think social media is very wonderful for so many reasons but it shows just all the good stuff," Kaley said on the show. "It makes you feel kinda crappy when you look at someone else's life and you think they have it all". Kaley also took a moment to credit her Flight Attendant co-star and "best friend" Zosia Mamet for her incredible support. While they filmed Season 2 of the popular HBO Max show together.
"She basically lived with me the last few months of shooting, we just moved in together. And I don't think I would've gotten to work somedays without her," Kaley explained. "I never thought I had to depend on anyone like that before and I really depended on her. She helped me through so much". The actress began to get teary-eyed as she recounted how Zosia would often show up to set. Even on her days off—to have lunch with her because she was having "a rough time."
"She's the best," Kaley shared. "I'm very lucky that I had her."
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Vodacom Tanzania have received approval to list on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange. The IPO (Initial Public Offering) will see the mobile services provider look to raise 476 billion shillings ($212 million). Vodacom Tanzania will be looking to sell 560 million shares at 850 shillings each.
Tanzania's Capital Markets and Securities Authority have stated that the IPO will happen on 6 March 2017 and will only be open to Tanzanians as per the country's laws.
"Vodacom Tanzania confirms that the Capital Markets and Securities Authority (CMSA) has approved Vodacom Tanzania Plc's prospectus ahead of its Initial Public Offer (IPO) and subsequent listing of 25 per cent of its shares on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE)," said Ian Ferrao, Managing Director of Vodacom Tanzania in a statement.
The listing is expected to be the largest in Tanzania, likely exceeding the funds raised by East Africa Breweries Limited (EABL) IPO in 2012.


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Comment on "Layer 8: Connecting the risk dots."
(This post is a response to the blog post at "Layer 8: Connecting the risk dots," mostly because I typed the whole thing out on the site and then couldn't figure out the captcha to submit it. )
From shrdlu at Layer 8:
"A vendor—or analyst firm, whatever—produces a paper touting the conventional wisdom that it's a lot cheaper to fix software vulnerabilities early in the SDLC than just before or after deployment. And I can get behind that idea, certainly. But the reasoning being produced to support it often ends up to be circular. [...]
When it comes to counting the investment against the cost to fix actual breaches, the whitepapers mostly get vague. They list all the vulnerabilities found, describe how bad they were—but don't actually show that they led to specific breaches that incurred real costs. They're assuming that a vulnerability is bad and needs to be fixed, regardless of whether the vulnerability is EVER exploited."
"Just saying that it's a problem because it says right here that it's a problem is what we're doing too much of today."
Is this a call for better attack trees? For instance, instead of just saying "SQLi is bad" we say "This line of code will lead to this SQL database being deleted because it is not sanitized. It ranks a 5 on the 'Oh Sh*t' scale."
Do we really need to see people burned to know the stove is hot? We make preventative business decisions all the time, many that require an even bigger leap of faith than security spending. Managers understand the logic of that kind of spending, but I think the reluctance to do so is actually risk calculation. The organization doesn't need the security pro to tell them what the financial effects of the breach would be; they know and we can't. When they choose not to use a secure coding program they are accepting that risk.
"We need to trace a discovered vulnerability from its creation, through the SDLC, into deployment, and then connect it to an actual breach, leading to a real monetary loss suffered by the business. THERE'S your ROI"
I agree that nothing motivates the management like a breach on the news. The greatest security programs are operating with the goal to never let a serious bug happen AGAIN. But there are companies that can survive this kind of gamble, and companies that can't. Companies putting lives at risk have a different prevention obligation than companies that make video games. Also, remember there are intangible costs to a breach like brand image and company culture, but also intangible benefits like learning from the process and justifying change that can't be measured with ROI equations.
This is why "fixing it now vs fixing it sooner" is a flawed argument. The premise is that you MUST fix, and that's what executives aren't buying. We have to make the logic work better.
The call for logic and evidence of breaches feeds in to this premise. You're saying that if we can just get more data then we can justify the fix to management. If you're using historical evidence to justify fixing a bug, you need only look hard enough. Somewhere there is a scary example of the bug in an exploit that burned someone else. The premise of the argument is not a judgement that everything must be fixed. It's not the job of a security pro to tell the executive what must be fixed, only the ways the software can be broken. The conventional wisdom of fixing sooner presupposes that the bugs being fixed are worthy of fixing, and therefore would have been cheaper to fix sooner.
Anyway, I think it's a hard situation to manage because the bugs *are* technical, and a manager most likely won't be able to see the vulnerability, and will have to take someone's word for how real it is. This is where the conversation usually diverges toward scanning vs. pentesting to prove criticality. The way I see it, any day you don't end up on the news is a day your security program is working, because you can't be invisible on the 'net. If there's a hole, people know about it, and if they can't or won't exploit it, then that's a success.
Adrian Lane, over at the Securosis Blog, had a great comment on shrdlu's post as well. He said, "Failing in order to justify action is still failure."
By Marisa Fagan
Labels: blog, bugs, SDLC, software assurance
Hi Marisa,
I'm sorry our CAPTCHA caused a DoC (denial of comment). Thanks for taking the time to post your comment over here.
I think our big disconnect here is that convincing the business to fix a security flaw is not just a matter of demonstrating the possible technical impact; it's a matter of showing the PROBABILITY of an exploit being used against that exact vulnerability. Just saying, "It happened to a friend of a friend of a cousin of mine named Heartland" is not enough to convince someone that it could happen to them too. We need historical data that is relevant to that executive, and we have to be very clear about how we arrived at our estimation of the PROBABILITY of the risk.
When I've done this, some of the factors I've discussed with executives included describing what skill level it would take to exploit it, what kind of attacker would look for it and use it, and how often I've seen it happen in very similar enterprises. I might even go to their IPS logs and say, "They've already been using automated scanning to look for something like this in our other applications." All of these data points address probability in a more credible way. That gets me a lot farther than if I say, "This flaw is on the OWASP Top Ten, so you need to stop what you're doing and fix it."
"I think our big disconnect here is that convincing the business to fix a security flaw is not just a matter of demonstrating the possible technical impact..."
It's not our job to convince a business to a fix a security flaw.


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Q: In PostgreSQL, get a minimum value if there is none Sorry if the title did not match the actual question. I'm not sure how to phrase this.
In Postgres, I have users that can be at a station. The stations are numbered 1 to 5. I have a table users and it has a column station. If a user is at a station, station value is the number of the station, if not, it is NULL. Here's how I find the number of users at each station:
SELECT station, count(users) AS users
    FROM users
    WHERE station IS NOT NULL
    GROUP BY station ORDER BY station;

This yields:
 station | users
---------+---------
       1 |     4
       2 |     1
       3 |     1

But that's not really true. There are zero users on station 4 and 5. How can I address that? I would like to use this query as a view to calculate other things, but I need all the stations there. I don't need a table for the stations, as far as I know: I'm not going to use them anywhere else.
So how do I account for the unused stations? Do I really need to make a table for them and reference the stations table from the users table or is there a simpler way?

A: Assuming that you have a table stations, you can handle this with a left join:
SELECT s.station, count(u.station) AS users
FROM stations s LEFT JOIN
     users u
     ON s.station = u.station
GROUP BY s.station
ORDER BY s.station;

Without such a table, you can use generate_series():
SELECT s.station, count(u.station) AS users
FROM generate_series(1, 5) as s(station) LEFT JOIN
     users u
     ON s.station = u.station
GROUP BY s.station
ORDER BY s.station;


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We are returning to the curricula, materials, and methods that have traditionally been used to educate generations of young men and women who have helped build our nation and preserve Western civilization.
Cincinnati Classical Academy is one of more than 25 tuition-free charter schools across the nation to be a part of Hillsdale College's BCSI Initiative, an ambitious program to establish and sustain classical liberal arts education throughout the United States. Like all of the highly successful Hillsdale-affiliated schools, CLASSICAL emphasizes intellectual rigor, human virtue, moral character, and responsible citizenship.
Here's how we do it:
Teacher-Led Classrooms
First, we are returning to the curricula, materials, and methods that have traditionally been used to educate generations of young men and women who have helped build our nation and preserve Western civilization. These include teacher-led classrooms, low technology, intensive phonics, and traditional mathematics instruction. Our students do the hard work of thinking about and discussing big ideas and important events. They diagram sentences. They explore the natural world through the rigorous study of science and mathematics. And our students study Latin, learn to write in cursive, and understand the founding documents and principles of our country.
Importance of Books
Second, we believe in the importance of books in a child's education. The books in our curriculum are among the greatest works of literature ever written. They have proven to be instruments that properly form our children's moral imaginations. That means reading and discussing the classics, from Aesop's Fables to the Chronicles of Narnia to Hamlet and Macbeth. (And so much more!)
Developing the Whole Person
Third, we actively focus on developing the whole person—heart, mind, body, and soul. As a result, students are equipped with the tools to be self-disciplined and intellectually competent, with strong moral character and civic responsibility.
READ MORE: Why is Classical education necessary today?
Curriculum Sheets
We invite you to download our CLASSICAL Curriculum Sheets, which you will find below. This will give you a very good feel for the CLASSICAL curriculum from grades K-12. (We currently serve grades K-6 and will be adding a grade each year until K-12 are served.)
K-8 Curriculum Highlights
Here at CLASSICAL we emphasize a classical education in the humanities, the sciences, and the arts using several research-based curricula/programs in the elementary and middle schools, which include:
The Core Knowledge Sequence (Note that this is not Common Core)
Explicit Phonics: a program based on Orton-Gillingham research and methods
Singapore Math (a traditional approach to mathematical skill building and problem solving)
Integrated Fine Arts and Music programs
Reading the Classics in literature classes in grades K-12
Classical approach to the study of science
The study of Latin in Grades 6-9, with introduction of Latin and Greek roots in Grades 4-5
Grammar and Composition instruction in Grades 3-8
High School Curriculum Highlights
In high school, students will receive a content-rich classical liberal arts education through a curriculum in literature, math, history, civics, the sciences, music and art that will align with and exceed state standards. Highlights include:
Four years of history: Ancient History (Grade 9), Middle Ages through Enlightenment (Grade 10), American History (Grade 11), and Modern European History (Grade 12)
Four years of literature: Ancient Literature (Grade 9), British Literature (Grade 10), American Literature (Grade 11), and Modern Literature (Grade 12)
Four years of science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy or AP study)
Four years of math (Geometry, Algebra II, Pre-calculus/Trigonometry, and Calculus)
At least three years of world language
Core requirements in American Government, Moral Philosophy, Logic, Rhetoric, and Economics
Electives in studio art, music, personal finance, and entrepreneur studies
K-12 Prospectus
Fill out the form below to download our full K-12 Prospectus


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This offer is for seven 100 foot rolls of 550 paracord.


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Contributing archives
EFG1914 project
WWI Collection highlights
Your single access point to films, images and texts from selected collections of 37 film archives across Europe
Lichtspiel – Kinemathek Bern: Films by Kurt Blum
>> View collection The Kinemathek Bern provides ten films by the well known photographer and documentarian Kurt Blum (1922 – 2005). Blum followed in his work high aesthetic standards and gained numerous international awards.
Detailed description provided by the archive:
Kurt Blum, a well-known Bernese photographer, shot seven 16mm and nine 35mm films between 1956 and 1971. They are mostly documentary short films commissioned by the PPT (Swiss post), Swissair, the EXPO 64 as well as a number of large industrial companies. In addition, Kurt Blum shot and produced the among cinema goers and critics highly regarded feature film "Rabio – Gedanken eines Strafgefangenen" (Rabio – Thoughts of a convict). Blum as a photographer never restricted himself to the role of a reporter, but made high aesthetic demands on his films. This paid off well: "L'uomo, il fuoco e il ferro", Blum's first 35mm film, was also the first Swiss documentary film to receive an award at the Venice film festival in 1962. Blum's documentary "Hellas" also received numerous national and international awards.