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Sons of Anarchy: Season 4 Episode 14 - To Be (Part 2)
Whew, I'm exhausted after this season folks. High stakes, high drama, high caliber acting, awesome twists. Kurt Sutter messed with our heads and divided the fans of this show into 2 groups. 1.) Those who thought the show would take the ultimate risk of killing off a lead character in the middle of a show's run. 2.) Those who just KNEW there would be some twist that would force that same character to stay relevant for 1 or 2 more seasons. I hate to be someone that rubs things in people's faces, so I'll just say that! But, all the little hints were planted along the way that this story was far from over. And Kurt Sutter did an interview that posted immediately following the finale that goes into his very detailed thoughts for how things play out from here. I swear this guy could be a distant relative of mine because I was basically thinking the same way! Anyway, I salute Sutter, the cast and the entire crew of Sons of Anarchy on a job VERY well done this year. This is how TV should be done! Between this and season 4 of Breaking Bad, I just don't know how television gets any better (well, having LOST still be on the air might do the trick!). So, let's get into my quick thoughts about the episode and open the floor for discussion. Here we go!
As we have done for the past few episodes these are my bulleted thoughts on the episode. No full recap here!
So, after last week's scene where Romeo told Jax that Otto didn't rat anyone out and the deal was still on, we started to speculate that something was fishy here. We speculated that either Romeo was either a Fed or maybe his #2 guy was involved. But we wondered how either could be Feds but still go along with putting a hit on Tara. All of our questions were answered within minutes. The RICO Sting operation was in full force and then shut down within minutes when Romeo, #2 and some CIA guy show up. Yep, the Galindo cartel is working with the CIA. It's a whole political thing where the feds are controlling the drug running and working to shut down other cartels or something. Vaguely reminded me of the movie TRAFFIC and how the government needs drugs to stay functional. I may remembering that movie incorrectly, but it's something like that!
Anyway, apparently the deal between the SONS and the Irish needed to happen because Galindo needed the money from the drugs and guns. Potter suddenly because a sympathetic character as he associated the Sons of Anarchy with "The Good Guys" and the CIA/Galindo as the bad guys. He gave Roosevelt the file on Juice and dismissed all the charges against him (YAY!). And then he went up against Crazy Haired Mayor guy and shut down his "Charming Heights" project with some sex toy props. I loved his "I don't like you and the good guys need a win" speech. But I really wish he said "I don't like you OR your hair." Man that dude has had crazy hair for this show's entire run. Get that mop under control man! You're an insult to bald people everywhere!
Meanwhile, Jax and SAMCRO went to make this deal with the Irish happen, but they would only see the deal through with Clay. Suddenly, that random Irish Baby Factory from last week didn't seem so random. It solidified their trust in Clay vs. the Jax and the rest of the club. We had speculated that last week, but I still thought it was quite random.
So the deal was dead for now, JAX tried to tell Romeo that SAMCRO was out and then Jax found out all about the CIA deal with Galindo. There was no way out. The deal has to happen and the Mexican Connection (no relation to the Billy Joel song) between Galindo and the Sons has to stay relevant in order for SAMCRO to survive. And of course, Jax can't tell anyone about this revelation. And since he's the only one that knows and doesn't want the club to die, he must take the gavel and do what's best for the club. And yes, my friends, Clay has to live!
Oh right, and we found out that the cartel was never going to harm Tara! They did admit that they were the ones Clay hired for the hit but they were going to brief her and put her in protective custody. That would explain the kidnap attempt instead of just offing her in the park.
Even while I watched Jax stare at Clay with his blood thinner needle, and looked to lock the door and close the blinds, I knew this scene wasn't going to go the way many thought it would. It looked for a moment that Jax was still going to go through with his plan for all of the crap Clay has put him and the club through. But instead, we got an emotionally charged scene between the 2 when Clay woke up. Jax revealed his knowledge of the letters, of Piney's death, of JT's death, and the hit on Tara. You could tell Clay was trying to tell Jax something. His side of the story. The side where Gemma was somehow involved too, but Jax didn't want to hear anything. And at this point, it doesn't matter. Clay has done enough for anyone to be furious over. I mean, at least 50% of the show's fans wanted his head on a spike! For now, Jax wants Clay to stay alive ONLY to work the Irish deal. He doesn't want him to interact with Gemma, Tara or really be involved in any other of the club's business. In other words, he's the new Piney as far as the club would be concerned. (straight from Sutter's mouth) Clay would rather be dead, but Jax obviously isn't allowing that. I loved his "You're already dead." line that ended the scene. Powerful scene and I admit I did cringe a bit when Jax was digging that knife into Clay's neck.
So the majority of the rest of the episode followed Jax as he set up the 8:00 meeting in the "chapel" and came half-way clean to Opie and all the way clean to Tara. I really thought Jax would confide in Opie, but it made sense that he didn't. He told him enough. He's staying in town, he's taking the gavel and wants Opie at his side as VP. It's their club. They've been dreaming about this day for years. They can finally put right what was wrong except for one minor detail. The Mexican Connection must stay so that the club isn't destroyed. And Clay has to live to make sure the deal happens. Opie wasn't happy about all of this and he didn't show up at "church" that night. But, per Sutter, it seemed too soon for him to be ready to return to the table. I'm thinking we'll see Opie as VP next year. Should be exciting!
Jax's conversation with Tara was full of emotion as well. He came clean about the CIA and Tara was beyone shocked. She knew that Jax couldn't leave, but he still told her to go with the kids. He couldn't even look at her after he told her. But, there's even a piece of Tara that wanted to stay too and cement her place in this club. The final shot showing Gemma staring at Tara behind Jax in the club room and mirroring it to Gemma and JT all those years ago was very poignant. And my initial reaction was this symbolizing that Tara may go down the same path as Gemma. She is Gemma's protege afterall and she mentioned last week that she's just doing what Gemma taught her. Sutter explains again that there are differences between Tara and Gemma and we will continue to see that. Plus, I don't think she'd ever help put a hit on Jax or anything!
Other things to note at Chapel. Chibs will be the new Sgt. at Arms, not Tig. Tig was Clay's man and he also just tried to take on the Niners all by himself killing a significant girl in the process. The man his demoted! The rest of the crew looked pretty elated that Jax was taking the gavel. Juice returned and said he is fully recovered. Will the group ever find out about his father and that he killed Miles to cover it up? Right now, I think that storyline is finished, but you never know. Secrets tend to be exposed in bold fashion on this show! I guess maybe there would be a vote to make the changes official, but it seemed like the group was cool with where this was going.
Bobby is still in prison after Otto ratted him out. But, Romeo did say that if the Sons cooperate they will try to get him out.
We should note that Gemma burned the letters that implicated her and Unser. (Was Unser smoking that joint in Gemma's house at the end too? Interesting.) But with Clay still alive, her side of the story may still get exposed.
And a big thread left hanging for next year, apparently the girl that Tig accidentally killed was the daughter of some big Crime Boss. I could see that boiling up into a big conflict for Jax's administration in season 5.
I think I covered most of the episode, right? I personally love the fact that Clay lived. I had speculated before 2 things. 1.) I couldn't see Clay being killed off until maybe the season before the last season. Having one season where Jax and the club would be left to go on without his involvement. Maybe start building a brighter future. Or at least trying. Sutter seems to confirm this line of thinking too. He never intended to kill off Clay. He even said Clay seemed to be relevent for at least a couple more seasons. With a 7 season plan, season 5 and 6 would be a couple more. Does that mean Clay will die in season 6? Maybe, but not necessarily. 2.) I had speculated that it would be cool to see Jax take over the club, forcing him to stay in Charming and have Clay be in a lesser role but still involved in the club. There is plenty to explore in that dynamic. Clay still has his story to tell about Gemma and what really may have gone down all those years ago. But showing Jax give the orders and Clay have to follow them? That will be pretty priceless.
Anyway, it was a great season and it really could have gone either way. But I do love the route Sutter decided to take. While it felt like season 4 was a final season, he managed to find a way to show how things will still stay meaty and interesting for seasons to come! That is a brilliant storyteller right there folks. And I'm on board for the ride! Can't wait for more. We'll see if I still find time to write about it next year. In the meantime, I look forward to hearing your thoughts. Hope you enjoyed my ramblings and I'll see you around here for our other show recaps!
Labels: Sons of Anarchy
OMG that was an awesome show and season.
The end with the Tara/Jax morph to Gemma/JT gave me goose bumps.
Never did think CIA - just figured someone was in on the Rico thing. Good surpise on Sutters part.
I never could make up my mind if Clay would be killed. I was sure Jax and tara would not leave - the show needs them, but I kept vacillating on whether Sutter would choose to be bold enough to kill Clay or clever enough to keep him in a meaningful way. Cause Sutter is certainly capable of either one. But I knew whichever way he went it would be great.
He said most of the same stuff in an article in TV Guide too. Funny how he referenced Shield and the tension between Mackey and Shane over Lem - cause there were 3 characters from Shield on SOA this season. Practically everyone BUT Mackey and Shane.
I def agree that Tara is not as dark as gemma - but I think tara is gonna learn that when you are the President's old lady you probably have to get a little dark. I think that will be her struggle. Cause she's already decided to still keep a secret from jax when this would have been the time to come wholly clean. So she's starting over while still having a secret. Something Gemma would do.
I think tara's struggle will be to not become Gemma, just like Jax will struggle not to be Clay. Power courrupts, secrets rot things - so they both have quite the problem ahead.
Whew ! Great finale. Quite a lot less action than I was thinking - but I loved it. Surpried at NO deaths though. LOL
Oh - meant to say that I read the other day that the 24 movie is actually in production. Nice surprise - though I think they've waited too long.
Ok, so Clay lived.. I was hoping he wouldn't, but I can't say I'm surprised. It WAS hard to believe that Sutter would kill off such an important character, but he's the kind of showrunner that WOULD do that sort of thing. I'm sure there will be some nice tension in the future because of this.
As soon as Tara started standing over Jax, I knew that they were going to make a connection with that photo of Gemma and JT. Totally solidifies the way the couple is headed.. not saying that they will necessarily turn into Gemma and JT, though! I can't see Tara ever having a hand in Jax's death.
Oh Opie, you are so deep-in-thought and pensive. I love you, lol.
Though I'm not always a big fan of a complete 180 of a character, I did love the transition of Lincoln going from secret enemy of SAMCRO to secret hero of SAMCRO, lol. When he walked in with that doll flopping around, I was like, "YES!". And Eli's comment was perfect- "You're a really odd dude, man". LOL!
Loved how Juice was watching The Shield in that holding cell, lol. I didn't watch it when it was on, but it still gave me a smile.
All in all, the best season of SOA yet. The finale didn't hold a candle to last season's finale, but it's ok. THAT finale was beyond awesome, it would take A LOT to top that one!
On a completely different note, Hawaii 5-0's connection of the week was Simon (what that his name?) from The Event. Just my little "where are they now?" updates, lol
All good points MJ and Kelly!
I don't know if I thought specifically CIA either....it was definitely a funny twist that government politics shut down the whole investigation we've been following all season. As far as Clay dying, I'd say there was a hint of doubt in my mind that he might not live...but I just couldn't see him doing it. Yes, he could have made it work but I just didn't see him going that route. As far as Sutter being someone who WOULD kill off a major character, I guess it seems that he would, but I think he's just really good at making us think he might. All of these situations from seasons 1-4 where we thought Opie, Tara, Clay might die....they never have. Who HAS died? Prospect, Piney, Milo, Otto's wife, bad guys.....yes major characters, but not the more popular or MAIN ones. (Maybe more from his experience on the Shield has given him this reputation lol)
It was crazy that nobody died in the finale (unless you count the Crime Boss's daughter in part 1)....you gotta kind of look at both parts of that episode as it was originally going to be one 45 minute episode (if you don't count commercials).....Sutter didn't want to cut a scene so we were left with a lot of these intense character to character scenes. Most of the action was in the first half. I loved it.
Agreed though that the season 3 finale would be hard to top. That was a good one. But this one was excellent on a different scale. It reminds me of the Season 4 Finale of the Sopranos. Everyone was disappointed in that season because there wasn't much action or killings or what not. But slowly brewing over the season was the collapse of Tony and Carmela's marriage...and there was an all-out blowout in the finale....totally worth the price of admission and didn't have anything to do with a Mob Hit. The events of this season were totally game changing and the finale set up where all the pieces will be in the new game. AWESOME job.
I like the comparison of Tara struggling to not become Gemma vs. Jax struggling to not become Clay. Probably very accurate to how it will go down.
And yes, Potter's 180 was awesome. I hated the dude all season but couldn't help but love him in this final hour!
Didn't notice The Shield was playing in Juice's room...pretty funny stuff. I really do need to watch that show one day. Just like the promos for Justified make me want to catch up on that! But my resolve is strong...I'm TiVo'ing season 3 and will catch up on 1-3 this summer!
Kelly, nice connection to The Event. I'm so far removed from that show I can't even remember who Simon was! lol
MJ, AWESOME news on the 24 movie! I heard that they kept reworking the script or something which was why it was taking so long. They want the movie to be a 24 hour day but condensed to a 2 hour (and change) movie. This allows international travel and all that fun stuff. lol I'm probably not telling you anything you didn't already know! Excited to hear it's in production though.
Thanks for the comments! Back to work now. :-(
Yes - the shield DID give him the rep. The show was about 4 crooked cops - 1 one the ring leader - but all 4 were major chars and if you read his interview he talked about Mackey having to live with Shane knowing he killed Lem. So not only did he kill one of them, he had one kill the other ! So I was very comfortable thinking that Sutter is one of those guys who will truly kill a major char for great story telling.
Yes kelly - i also noticed the Shield and laughed over it. Very cool.
I agree with you both about Potter - i just had so much to say earlier that I forgot to mention him. Maybe now the mayor character goes away totally - hes' annoying. Potter was waaay more calm then I'd be if the CIA swooped in and ruined months of my work.
Oh = and I LOVED the re-worked words in the song at the end of the ep. Very moving.
I'm hoping they move on from the Juice's dad thing - esp since Chibs told him it's about what race is listed on the birth cert. I'm sure it will come around about him killing his club-mate though.
Yeah, I did watch SOME of the first season of The Shield, but just stopped before I really got into it. I'm sure I would have loved it! I skipped the parts about THE SHIELD in the interview in case I ever watch the show! lol But even reading what you wrote, it doesn't make much sense since I don't remember character names! I do remember there being a surprise death early on in the show though. (I think)
It seemed like Potter had been down this road before. So close to bringing people to justice only to get caught up in the system. lol Mayor dude...totally annyoing. But not as annoying as his hair!
I noticed the reworked songs to House of the Rising Sun too. Very good!
Only reprecussions I'd expect from the Juice thing would be for killing Milo. But I'm guessing it was all covered up fairly well. lol Milo wasn't a big character anyway.
Doh ! I've meant to say each time I've posted - I agree that there was something that Clay was trying to say. And I think it's something big. the obvious is Gemma's complicity in getting rid of JT - but I think it's more than that. Guess we'll find out next september.
Ron Perlman interview
http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/12/06/sons-of-anarchy-season-4-finale-ron-perlman/
Nice, thanks for the link! Yeah, no doubt it's more than just Gemma's involvement. I would think there would have to be a lot more than just "Gemma told me to do it" to somehow give some redemption to Clay's character! lol
Looks like i was right to think that they may revisit the Juice and Milo scenario lol
Another great interview with Sutter.
"Q: Let's talk Juice. Was Chibs telling the truth when Juice finally told him his father was black: It wouldn't have mattered because his birth certificate says Juice is hispanic?
Sutter: Yeah. That's the sad irony of everything that happened. It's what we do here: If people just told the truth from the beginning, they'd all be so much better off. But, they just don't have the capacity to do that. But the truth is, Juice has still done some other bad things: shooting Miles and ratting on the club. That's all there, and even though it's buried somewhat at the end, Juice emotionally has to live with that, and there are still some people out there that are aware of it. That stuff can go away for a while, but it's like what we did with Bobby and Luann this season. It's still out there, it's still something that impacts the character emotionally, and it's still a story that we can pull on at any point."
http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/12/07/sons-of-anarchy-season-4-finale-kurt-sutter/
AHS - Anyone watch yet? If not SPOILERS BELOW!!
So, I forget if we talked about the giant rumor out there with Violet that was going on for the past few weeks. Ryan Murphy seemed to dismiss it in his interviews, probably because he was hoping it wasn't THAT obvious. I don't think I would have picked up on it if I hadn't read the rumors. But, still a cool twist either way! Also provides a reason for that family to stay in the house (if Ben and Vivien ever find out what's going on there!) Should be a pretty intense final 2 episodes of the season. I know the show isn't for everyone, but I'm surprised the critics are still being so hard on it. It's a good show! Of course, in comparison to some of FX and AMC's other offerings that we've seen this year, it's not AS good! lol I know I enjoy that it has that "must discuss with others" feeling to it. (i.e. watercooler/LOST effect)
All the other stuff in the episode was crazy, like Larry taking the fall for the Boy Dhalia's murder, more of Constance's history. The Tate/Ben battle, Ben and Vivien's discussion. Oh and if we didn't suspect anything about Violet before this episode once we heard she had been missing from school for so many days, that was a dead giveaway!
Also cool seeing her try to leave the house and just find herself back in there. So I guess we know what would happen on Halloween if those people didn't get back to the house in time. lol
I did not watch AHS last night. My cable actually went out for 5 mins so I had to re-record the show late last night to catch the whole thing ;-(
I'll have to watch tonight.
Oh - Mark Pelligrino has been everywhere lately. He's done on Supernatural but has been recurring on and off on The Closer, he's coming back for a guest shot on Being Human - and just heard that he'll be on an ep of Castle. Lost was good to this guy !
Pretty rough weather in this area last night but that still sucks! Oh well, at least you were able to re-record!
Agreed on Mark P. LOST was defintiely good to him! Crazy, he was only in a handful of episodes but playing such a major character makes it feel like he was part of the whole thing! lol
Mark Pellegrino, yay! Unfortunately I don't watch any of those shows, so boo to me.. Did I ever tell you guys that a Lost-obsessed couple I'm friends with met him a couple years ago? They were in CA on vacation and saw him, said hello, and saw the he had the final Lost script. Of course, they asked him abuot it but he coudn't tell them anything, lol. They said he was really nice :)
I need my Titus Welliver fix. Is he doing anything lately? Cuz I'll watch it, no matter what it is!
As for AHS...... AVERT YOUR EYES, MIKE!
Wow, am I stupid for not seeing that coming at all? Even when Violet kept trying to flee the house, I didn't put 2 and 2 together, lol.. but I like the twist, I think it works. Just one question- where did Tate put the body of the exterminator?
I must say, though, finding out about Violet's death doesn't have the same impact as it could, because everybody is friggin' dead in this show! Don't get me wrong, I was still like, "WTF? WHOA!" when they revealed it.. I just feel like they have to level off on the body count for a while. And THANK YOU for no Hayden this episode! She's really a great actress, but I'm so sick of her, and not in the "love to hate her" kind of way.
And yeah, MJ, seems like now there will be a reason for rest of the Harmons to stay in the house. I wonder when Violet will break the news.. two episodes left, right?
I wonder how Ben will react when he sees Tate again. I mean, obviously he'll be angry.. I just wonder what the repurcussions will be.
I heard Titus is going to be making his appearance on something soon. I just can't remember! Did I ask if you ever saw Deadwood? He was on the 3rd (and unfortunately final) season of that. Anyway, didn't hear about the LOST couple or may have back when LOST was on but I forgot. Cool story! lol
I am not averting my eyes! I'm the one that watched AHS! It was MJ that missed it (to no fault of her own). lol You're not stupid for not figuring it out. Like I said, I wouldn't have either if I hadn't read theories about it.
Now...maybe if I was "LOST-LIKE" obsessive and blogging every detail of the show and rewatching and all of that stuff, I may have picked up on it. lol But, just watching late at night and once a week? Naaa, no way would I have been thinking about something like that. Very cool twist though. As for the exterminator body? I have no idea...I figured in the crawl space somewhere...but since we didn't see him when we saw Violet maybe not. There are bodies all over and under that house! lol Maybe that's what Larry was doing with that brick wall? Disposing of the exterminator? I forget what order those scenes were. lol
Well, now I'm reading speculation that the ENTIRE Harmon family may die by the end of this season and then they'll just be around to haunt the NEW family that comes in. (and perhaps it's a new family every season) But if they don't kill Ben and Vivien...then we at least know why they would want to stay in that house now.
I guess you thought MY post about AHS was MJ's post? lol Good stuff.
Ben/Tate's next meeting? Should definitely be interesting. But where is Ben right now? Just unconscious? Probably, but some are speculating he's dead now. But I think there were scenes from next week that proved otherwise.
Anyway, fun stuff!
Titus Welliver will be on Grimm for an episode !
I've avoided the AHS talk - I'll catch up tomorrow on those comments.
Lol, there are too many M names, I guess I just glanced and figured you were the one who didn't see it.. sorry! And yeah, I was responding to YOUR post.. this is what an average of 4 hours sleep a night for a week does to you :P
That's interesting that the entire Harmon family may die by the end of the season. It'll be interesting to see where this all goes.
That's right MJ, thanks! Titus wil be on Grimm. I knew I read something recently.
Kelly, not a problem! I'll avoid saying anything else about AHS in this post so there's no need to AVERT eyes! But as for 4 hours of sleep, I'm sure I'm going to have to get used to that VERY soon! :-) lol
Oh and there's a couple AHS columns on EW if you're curious to read up on some more thoughts!
I had not read the rumors and was pretty shocked. I'd noticed that she never seemed to go to school any more - but i put it down to schoold just not being integral to the story at the moment. I'd beens aying for a long time though that the Harmon's are lousy parents as they didn't seem to care that she just hangs in her room all the time though.
I didn't figure it out until she could not seem to leave. Knew they flies pointed to a dead body - just didn't hink it was hers. Boy - dad's gonna freak since he had just spoken with her the day before. LOL
Yeah - read one of those articles where they joked about calling the Ep The magic Towel. Very funny.
Can't believe there are 2 left. Have we actually heard if they got picked up for season 2 ?
I don't think that Ben is dead yet - that would be a little repetative.
The Constance stuff was fab. The smouldering children was creepy though. So - if Tate is the one who buned the guy, then did he actually go to jail for setting his family on fire ? Cause he told Ben (I think) that that is how he got burned. So was it a partial lie or was all a lie ?
OMG Titus on Grimm? SQUEEEEEEE! Love love love that man, even if his fake Irish accent is terrible, lol. Looks like Arzt will be on Grimm, too.. Did anyone watch last night's episode? I really liked it, can't wait to see tonight's episode.
AHS was picked up for season 2. It was actually picked up really quickly, especially for FX. I believe they were only 3 or 4 episodes in when season 2 got the ok.
Yes, Larry did lie when he told Ben he killed his family.. I forget which episode it was, but Ben called him out on it. Said he did some research and Larry went to a mental hospital, not jail.
Also, is anyone still watching Person of Interest? I'm kinda "meh" about it myself lately. I was looking forward to last night's episode but wound up rolling my eyes at all the cheese. It's just way too procedural for me- I already have Hawaii 5-0, I don't need more! I think this and The Office are gonna be blacklisted from my DVR soon so I can free up my Thursdays for more important things, lol
Yep, we definitely have a season 2 coming our way! Magic Towel episode title was a pretty funny story. lol Yeah, I'm a little upset that EW ruined that surprise by asking Ryan Murphy about it. But people did speculate it so that's why they asked! It was still shocking regardless.
Agree, I don't think Ben is dead yet.
Kelly answered the Larry thing which I was a little confused on too. So good stuff! lol
I didn't watch Grimm from last night yet. Probably won't watch tonight either so I'll have a couple to watch next week. I am enjoying the show though!
New Chuck tonight! If I'm lucky, I'll get to watch it. lol
I'm like 5 or 6 behind on POI now. I enjoy the concept, but I'm just not normally into procedurals. I know there is a bit of an ongoing story arc, but it's still a CBS drama when all is said and done. lol If I get a chance maybe I'll watch them.
The Office, yeah it's getting pretty painful. We all knew it would happen and I was kind of impressed at the start of the season. It seemed like they had a rejuvination after Steve left. But, I hope they don't drag things on too much more. Maybe they bring in Steve for a finale episode and then just end it this season. But we'll see!
Community and Parks were fantastic last night. It's a shame not more people are watching them!!
Thanks for reminding me kelly.
I gave up Person of Interest after like 3 or 4 eps. My husband still watches it though. Just a little dull for me - they needed more humor or something.
Well - everyone have a great weekend.
I do watch parks - but am 2 behind sadly. Heard they are both great eps. Holidays getting in the way now. Too much to do.
Didn't watch Once last night as I had to watch my NY Giants kick some Cowboy a** ! LOL
I did get my Chuck in though !
Totally hear you on too much to do, MJ! Of course it's the holidays combined with baby prep for me! Fun stuff.
I watched Once and Chuck (and Homeland which I still highly recommend!) I saw the Thursday ep of Grimm. And I got spoiled on the Boardwalk Empire season 2 finale (but I've only watched one episode of the entire season so oh well. lol) 6 eps behind on Dex now. I suggested to my wife that I burn them on DVD and bring them to the hospital with us. Something tells me watching a serial killer show while bringing new life into the world isn't the best idea! lol
Anyway, I do want to discuss ONCE but I can wait until everyone is caught up!
CHUCK - Another entertaining episode! I was wondering how they were going to explain Lester and Casey both being in prison but Lester not knowing why Casey was there. I love that Casey said it was for unpaid parking tickets. lol
Trinity killing Susan's ex husband from Desperate Housewive (don't remember his name on Chuck but then again, apparently I don't know Trinity's either! lol) That was pretty nuts! I'm sure she could return for the finale to have a happily ever after for casey. Unless that's not in the cards.
I believe there was a star wars reference in the episode but I totally forget what it is right now. Oh right...i remember...Morgan talked about a prisoner transfer from cell 38 or something like that. (Star wars it was "prisoner transfer from cell block 1138"...which was in reference to Lucas's THX 1138 movie)
Chuck as a hacker and the hack-off? AWESOME. lol Loved that he drank wine while he did it and forget what he called himself. All good stuff though! Crazy to ponder that they might not be spies when all is said and done but we'll see!
I think that's all I have for now!
I know you had to love Chuck with the Community guests. I loved Chuck as the Piranha - the wine swilling hacker.
Richard Burghi (Decker) has made a great baddie. But Moss's Verbanski has been fabulous with Casey. I DO hope they bring her back for the finale and they are together for the future.
I can't believe they would stop being spies. Sarah's face was not happy when Chuck talked about going Tech.
Once was awesome. So sad though.
I'm now 2 behind on Dexter. I have all the Homeland's - will try to catch up over the holidays.
And no - Dexter during labor probably not good. LOL though I'm sure there's been worse.
CHUCK - Totally forgot to mention the community guests but yes that was a good time! Ahh Decker and Verbanski, that's right! Yeah, I know happy endings are cliche' but who cares!?!? lol I want our favorite characters to sail off into the sunset with smiles from ear to ear. Sue me! :-)
Agreed that Sarah would not fit into a non-spy world and she knows it. She actually smiled when Chuck said they had to keep going with the spy game. Not sure how they're going to end this show!
ONCE - Yeah, it definitely was sad. Obviously, I was reminded about LOST a couple times in the ep. The whole Fairy Tale reveal was very much like the Sideways reveal in season 6. (mainly because it happened via a kiss lol) ....but I guess since it happens when 2 people connect where there's some meaning....then Snow and Charming getting together would probably make them remember. Not sure if we saw it before but the Queen's address is 108 also.
So I'm not quite sure that the Sheriff/Huntsman is dead dead. It sucks that once they finally had us emotionally invested in a character and a relationship with Emma, he dies? Still cool how they did it....but something tells me there's more going on. Also why was Mr. Gold/Rumplestiltskin roaming around wherever the Sheriff was? He seemed like a villain at first, but it seems like he may be doing something that is in the best interest of the fairy tale folk. We'll see!
You're gonna love Homeland and burn through them very quickly! Dex, I'll get to it eventually! And definitely will keep it out of the hospital. :-)
They really got me at first showing the Queen being nice to Snow. thought it was actually before whatever happened to make her hate Snow. Guess they'll tell us that 'something' one day.
I'm hoping that just because the kiss and connection made isn't going to keep being the trigger to remembering. that's a total rip-off. I'd much prefer the triggers be different for different circumstances.
I thinnk Runmplestilskin is out for himself. Not helping either as a goal but just doing whatever bests himself. But you're probably right - I rarely am. LOL
This show is much better than I had predicted it would be.
Agree - I think Chuck will end on a happy note. Even the 'this is what happened in the future' sort of thing too.
I will not rub it in that I had faith in ONCE when everyone else doubted it! :-) lol But yeah, agree with you...hopefully it's not a total LOST/ FLASH SIDEWAYS rip off.
Naa you're probably right on Rumple (easier to type, I'm gonna call him that or Gold)....Kinda like a Ben Linus character. You root for him and against him depending on the situation. (then again, I did that with Smokey too. lol)
Yeah, Chuck is overall a positive show. Some tragic things happened along the way, but I don't think a bittersweet ending is in the mix. We'll see!
Oh - caught up on Parks too ! had heard they were great eps and they did not disappoint. Ron Swanson has to be the best charater on TV - except maybe Liz Lemon.
But all that catching up and I had no time for Terra Nova. Wonder if they'll get a second season.
Truthfully, I haven't even missed 30 Rock. But it's hard not to love Liz and Jack. But yeah Ron Swanson is such a great character!! Loved how he couldn't put together a gingerbread house and Andy could!
Terra Nova, the things I'm reading are that with all the money they invested in getting the show into production, there will most likely be a season 2....but I recommended in the blog that it again be a 12-13 episode season and not go the full 22 or whatever. It's just too much!
I'm hearing great things about the 2 hour finale - pacing similar to the premier. But the only interesting parts are really the Niners and the head guys son. The rest has been rather lame. The finale would have to be fantastice to bring me back next year.
If that's what you like then you'll like last night's episode even if there wasn't much substance to it (mostly setup).
I agree though, I'd probably watch again next year...but probably not gonna blog it.
Just so no one is confused on where to look...let's keep all AHS discussions in the latest Terra Nova post! :-) (and...OMG!!)
Yeah - couldn't watch wed so i watch AHS last night. WIll scurry over to Terra Nova to talk ! OMG is right.
Terra Nova: Season 1 Episode 12 & 13 - Occupation ...
Terra Nova: Season 1 Episode 11 - Within


2015. Oneida County Land Information Office. This point data layer represents addresses for Oneida County, Wisconsin in 2015.
2015. Oneida County Land Information Office. This polygon data layer represents municipalities for Oneida County, Wisconsin in 2015.
2015. Oneida County Land Information Office. This line data layer represents roads for Oneida County, Wisconsin in 2015.


Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? Spawning numerous video games, a few TV series, and even board games. There have also been spin-offs and many future iterations to come, including the newest Netflix TV series. This was childhood, at least from my perspective. It came and left, just like most current nostalgic noise; however, Carmen Sandiego has failed to leave my mind. Only a mere 25 years later, and I can still hear one of the most catchy melodies placed in a game show. This was one thing that made learning fun, since even many actors and game show hosts had fun with their parts. You learned about certain time periods and their results, and sometimes even an individual state. It felt like there was no end to Carmen Sandiego.
It was a fun time to be a kid, to say the least. Even school hardly felt boring when the teacher brought in a TV just to show something related. There was even an NBC news segment called, "Where in the World is Matt Lauer?" I remember it fondly because it is what my teacher at the time had recorded on VHS for the classroom. Not going to lie, it was the best part about class. In fact, it is quite literally the only memory of that class.
Carmen Sandiego basically took over a small chunk of the 90s. It was for a brief moment, but it did. Let's discuss some of what was awesome about this franchise. What took you so long to gobble this one up, Netflix?!
Carmen Sandiego? Time, Earth, the World???
Not only was the original game "Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?" an entertaining medium, but it was educational. It taught different cultures of the world, such as traditional clothing, ceremonies, and governments. You could only guess what information was given to you in a game titled "Where in the U.S.A. is Carmen Sandiego?" From the U.S. presidents to different historical landmarks, if it was notable, it was likely placed in that game.
One of the more memorable games from the series was the reboot of the first "Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?" Your assignment is to help put an end to Carmen Sandiego's thieving ways. Typically the chief, portrayed by Cherlynne Theresa "Lynne" Thigpen, would send you a video at the start of each game with instructions. She helped you along the way with various clue to help you solve each case. There were various criminal characters, along with Carmen herself, who was the most uncommon. With this, you needed to catch a description of the suspect which in turn would allow you to get a warrant. Without a warrant, it would be impossible to make an arrest and finish that case. However, you also needed to be exact in issuing that warrant, otherwise if you singled out the wrong person it would be game over.
In "Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?" you would travel to various locations on the map, typically capitol cities. Each place visited was a potential source for clues, and as such you had to ask possible witnesses questions. Where did the suspect go? Can you describe their appearance? That was the basis, because all you needed in that game was direction and who the person might be. It was simple and fun, and I actually enjoyed learning.
The game shows, they were a thing. Probably the best thing.
Looking back, Carmen Sandiego worked as literally everything. Board games, TV shows, video games, game shows, and even comics and books. However, there is no denying that the game shows which spawned were a big deal. This helped both Rockapella and Lynn Thigpen launch their careers in the U.S. as Rockapella was also coming up in Japan. Similar to the video games, you had to attempt to capture Carmen Sandiego, but unlike those games, the game show had prizes. Even kids at home could sometimes play to win a prize, sending in postcards for a free T-shirt. While the prizes may seem underwhelming today, they were a pretty big deal back then. For most households who didn't own a computer, you may be shocked that they were giving one away as the grand prize.
Let's also talk about Cherlynne Theresa "Lynne" Thigpen, otherwise known as "the Chief." She brought so much life to every role. Lynne dressed up as different characters, going as over-the-top as one could expect. She would just give it her all. Her voice was so distinct that to this day I don't even have to look at the screen, I know it's her! It had given people such a warm feeling. You can describe it best as both commanding and fun. The moment you see her pop up on screen, you know you're going to have the time of your life.
It saddened me to learn of Thigpen's passing back in 2003 of a cerebral hemorrhage. She was 54 years old. Lynne also voiced Luna the Moon in Bear and the Big Blue House, which had taken a 3-year hiatus due to her passing.
People still fondly remember the shows and various games. In fact, I just had to pick up the 40-episode DVD set, which is what probably fueled my addiction for nostalgic DVD releases. Ever since then, it's been older cartoons, not just anime. Sonic the Hedgehog, both of them, Super Mario Bros, all of them, and even Dungeons & Dragons, all one disc of them. Now, expect me to start searching for the video games in one form or another. With my mind filled to the brim with cartoon and anime classics, there is no telling what we could get into. This is only a very small portion of a generation that remembers these things, and much less enjoyed it.
If you enjoy this article, then be sure to read another one on long running anime!
Also be sure to check out the Carmen Sandiego franchise Wikipedia page!
Tagged : carmen sandiego cartoon Franchise game show Retro Tv Show Video game where in the world is carmen sandiego?


Name: Lamp en Licht Online B.V., acting under the name of "lampandlight.ie"
All the prices listed are inclusive of VAT and subject to obvious programming and typing errors. We are not liable for (colour) variations due to screen quality. The prices are exclusive of shipping costs. If any shipping costs are charged, this will be stated clearly and well before the agreement is concluded.
Well before the agreement is concluded, information will be posted on the website which clearly describes the manner in which and the term within which the order will be delivered. Orders will in any case be delivered within 30 days. If certain goods cannot be delivered (on time), you will be informed of that. In such case, you can either agree to the new delivery date or the alternative offered, or terminate the agreement free of charge.
You have the right to cancel this contract within 30 days without giving any reason. The cancellation period will expire after 30 days from the day on which you acquire, or a third party other than the carrier and indicated by you acquires, physical possession of the last good.
You shall send back the goods or hand them over to us, without undue delay and in any event not later than 30 days from the day on which you communicate your withdrawal from this contract to us. The deadline is met if you send back the goods before the period of 30 days has expired. You will have to bear the direct cost of returning the goods. You are only liable for any diminished value of the goods resulting from the handling other than what is necessary to establish the nature, characteristics and functioning of the goods.
The payment must be made using the payment method specified during the order process and – where applicable – on the website. If you fail to meet the payment obligation, we will inform you of this and allow you another 14 days to meet the payment obligation. If you fail to pay within this 14-day term, you will owe statutory interest on the amount owed and we will be entitled to charge any extrajudicial collection costs incurred to you.
A consolidated account of FittinQ B.V. (CoC 17208874, Smaragdweg 52, 5527 LB Hapert) is used for the collection of the payments.
When ordering from us, you are entitled to the statutory guarantee. We warrant that the goods meet the indicated specifications and the quality requirements that you may expect.
If you have a complaint, please inform us as soon as possible (see the contact details above). We will handle your complaint as soon as possible, and you will receive a substantive reply within 14 days. If you are not satisfied with the way your complaint was handled, you can also submit it to the European ODR Platform http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/odr/).
The agreement is subject to Dutch law. This choice of law is without prejudice to the protection you have pursuant to mandatory law in your residence. Insofar as mandatory law does not stipulate otherwise, any disputes ensuing from the agreement with you will be submitted to the competent Dutch court in the district in which we have our registered office.


text:
Convenience & Facilities
Nearby lodging facilities
Accommodation & Facilities
Outstation Patients
News & Media Overview
Associates / Affiliates
Corporate Tie Ups
Led by a team of accomplished and experienced professionals with years of medical expertise.
POST A QUERY GIVE FEEDBACK
Lt. Gen. Jagbir Singh
Lt. Gen. Jagbir Singh is the Secretary for the group of various Trusts under the Somaiya Umbrella. A graduate of the National Defence Academy he was commissioned in the Indian Army in June 1978. A recipient of four Presidential Awards, he held numerous important appointments during the course of his illustrious
career spanning almost four decades. In addition to combat and command assignments at various levels he has also been involved in the conduct of numerous
studies associated with formulation of strategy, operational concepts, force structuring and transformation of the Army. An alumnus of the National Defence College, New
Delhi, he has been a member of the faculty at the prestigious Defence Services Staff College at Wellington.
In his last assignment in service Lt. Gen. Jagbir Singh had administrative command of the Indian Army in Peninsular India which also included a number of training,
medical and educational establishments. He holds an MPhil Degree in Defence and Strategic Studies from the Madras University.
Dr. Varsha Phadke
Having joined K. J. Somaiya Medical College & Research Centre in the year 1993 as Assistant Professor in the Department of Pediatrics, Dr Varsha Phadke is now holding the Post of the Dean and Incharge of Medical College, Hospital and Superspeciality Hospital after 27 glorious years at the medical college. An M.D pediatrician by qualification, she has a keen interest in Pediatric nephrology. She is an astute academician and is also a fellow & faculty of the FAIMER Institute.
Dr. Tilakdas Shetty
Deputy Dean
Dr Tilakdas Shetty is presently holding the position of Deputy Dean, Incharge of both General & Superspecialty hospitals in addition to his responsibility as a professor & head of the department of General Surgery. He has finished his undergraduate & postgraduate studies from TNMC & BYL Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, one of the oldest municipal medical college in the city. He is a fellow of The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Diplomate of National Board, New Delhi. His areas of interest are Hepatobiliary surgery, Gastroenterology & Diabetic foot surgery. He is also instrumental in setting up the podiatry clinic at K J Somaiya hospital along with Dr Arun Bal, the father of Diabetic foot surgery of India.
Pinto Ahire
Manager HR
Mr. Pinto Ahire is an accomplished HR professional with 13 years of professional excellence in steering HR functions with a high level of flexibility and adaptability, and flair for getting through people and managing them well. Rich corporate hospital experience in the field of Human Resources domain and demonstrated decision-making techniques that provide timely, appropriate and ethical resolution to problems. Success at motivating employees through clear communication, counselling, and outstanding organisational skills. Ability to communicate & effectively impart employee engagement activities.
Mr. Pinto Ahire has done specialization in Human Resource Management from Welingkar Institute of Management Mumbai. He has a rich professional experience in Human Resource Management, Industrial Relations and General HR Administration and Training & Development of around 13 years by virtue of his associations with Dr L H Hiranandani Hospital, SRV Group of Hospital, AIMS Hospital and handled multiple Hospital's HR Projects. Mr. Pinto Ahire is heading the H.R functions at K.J.Somaiya Medical College & Hospital and all the institutions at Ayurvihar namely Nursing College & Physiotherapy College.
Dr. Vidya Mane
Medical Superintendent
Dr. Vidya Mane joined from Jan 2021 as Medical Superintendent for K J Somaiya Medical College,Hospital & Research Centre.
She has completed her MD (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) from Mumbai University and DHA from TISS (Topper). She has also completed DPH from CPS.
Dr Vidya Mane has overall 26 years of rich experience in Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai at various positions. She worked as Deputy Director in Mumbai AIDS Control Society from M.C.G.M. She was awarded Best officer during Deputation in Mumbai District AIDS Control Society.
She worked as a Medical Superintendent at H B Thackeray Trauma Care Municipal Hospital & H.B.T Medical College.
Call us at +91 22 5095 4700
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Eastern Express Highway,
Sion(E), Mumbai - 400 022

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
NO MORE NIMBY
New York wants to put a virtual power plant on 300 rooftops
Toshihiro Oimatsu / Flickr
Beats a coal plant.
From our Obsession
By Michael J. Coren
Climate and emerging industries editor
Published June 16, 2016 This article is more than 2 years old.
Nobody wants a power plant in the backyard. But New Yorkers, at least, may put one on the roof.
The utility Con Edison announced on Monday (June 15) that it's offering solar panels and batteries to 300 homes in Brooklyn and Queens so it can create a virtual power plant for New York's grid (pdf). The system will generate 1.8 megawatts and hold 4 megawatt-hours of battery storage. ConEd hopes to turn distributed solar power into what is effectively a single power source by adding sophisticated software that manages the flow of electrons into the grid.
Residential customers will be able to lease the solar and lithium-ion battery systems from ConEd (and its partners solar-panel manufacturer Sunpower and energy storage company SunVerge) for a small fee on their utility bill. These "grid assets" can then serve as backup power, as well as a reliable source of electricity and balancing services for the grid. At the moment, there is no net metering scheme in place for these homeowners to sell the power back to the grid.
ConEd has limited options to meet rising electricity demand: consume less power, build pricey fossil fuel plants, or tap more renewable sources. Since solar, wind and other renewables vary with the weather, grid operators get nervous when there's too much, or too little. This $15 million pilot, part of New York's Reforming the Energy Vision, seeks to transform these distributed renewables into single source of electricity and smooth out peaks in generation.
ConEdison
Cloud days (blue line) creates spikes in energy production. Storage batteries (green line) smooth this curve so it can offer reliable grid power.
ConEd's customers are likely forcing the issue by installing so many new solar units themselves. More New Yorkers installed residential solar panels in 2014 than than all previous years combined. There's now more than 3,000 customers with 80 MW (pdf) of clean energy capacity in the system. The key technology to integrate this new energy is cloud-based software that talks directly to the utility so electrons can be manage in near-real time, Sarah Singleton, senior vice president of marketing at Sunverge, told Greentech Media.
If successful, ConEd says it will let a new class of suppliers—aggregators of solar rooftop and battery systems—sell to the electrical grid. Similar projects are underway by Texas-based Austin, Southern California Edison and Vermont-based Green Mountain Power (which is using Tesla's Powerwall batteries), reports MIT Technology Review.
The image above was taken by Toshihiro Oimatsu and shared under a Creative Commons license on Flickr.


The Hubbell D model deionized water heater is specifically designed for systems requiring large draws of hot DI water with a fixed period of time between cycles. The KW rating is sized to recover enough capacity during the idle period so that the tank will be fully hot when the next draw down begins. The longer the period of time between usages, the lower the KW input required to heat the water.
Note: Model D1 is available in 1 KW, 120 Volt or 240 Volt, 1 Phase only.
Note: For alternate voltages including 120, 277, 380, 415, 440, 575, and 600 volt, please contact us directly.
For DI/RO water heaters greater than 119 gallons storage, please see Hubbell Model SH.
For instantaneous DI/RO water heater typically greater than 60 KW, please see Hubbell Model CR.
For semi-instantaneous point-of-use DI/RO water heaters, please see Hubbell Model HD.
A model D with 119 gallon capacity and a 40 KW heating element. Tank is stainless steel and operates at 480V, 3 phase, 60 Hz power.
Can I install my heater in a wash down or wet area?
The standard Hubbell model HD is designed for essentially NEMA 1 use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts and to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt). For wet areas, or washdown areas, please select optional NEMA 4 or 4X construction and consult with your Hubbell Sales Engineer.


Enchanted Learning Software creates children' s educational software games designed to stimulate creativity , learning, enjoyment imagination. math Okay they have opinions & lots of them, okay but mine seem to have a hard time distinguishing opinion from fact. Calendar Worksheets. Thank you so first much for sharing! First Grade Vocabulary Words. First grade is a big year for math calendar moving past counting into simple addition. Math Game Subtract It! as you browse through this grade collection of my favorite sheet third grade through high school math.
Play learn, enjoy math. There' s lots to learn in first grade! Keep you first grader engaged at the top of their game with our worksheets designed to support nurture your child' s academic growth through this exciting year. calendar I found this while I was going thru various calendar Math blogs. You have a great collection. I maintain a Math blog where I add mostly the stuff i use to teach my daughter. I take 4 samples throughout each quarter which is about every 2 weeks. Second Grade Math Practice : Online practice activities that will track the score and increase in difficulty. First grade calendar math sheet.
Use the calendars shown to answer first math questions. calendar In this post I hope to share with you a first lot of engaging number sense ideas that will math help your students continue to build their number sense all year long no matter where they are at when they come to you from kindergarten. First Grade Worksheets and Printables. This is a wonderful first week of school calendar activity! Jun 07, · My First Grade Writing Rubric: This is a form I use to evaluate a student' s writing. Parent tips to support 1st grade math learning and have fun at home from DreamBox Learning Math. When the quarter is over, I use this sheet along with a current writing sample to come up with a grade. Our new game math calendar Busy Little Brains is for children calendar 2- 6 years old.
First grade calendar math sheet. Pick a spot calendar on your hard drive to save it to and sheet click " ok". Here you will find actual SOL tests ( , answer keys) from prior years for all grades in English, Science, Math, Social Studies. If the document is not opening in your browser right click on the link select " Save Link As". Home > Math > Math Worksheets > Calendar Worksheets. It helped me determine which students could work well together in groups.
calendar First Grade Math Worksheets and Printables. Cover all corners of first grade math from coins to measurement to two- calendar digit numbers with our first grade math worksheets. Welcome to Confessions of a Homeschooler Math printables. Apr 02 · Well, as the saying goes opinions are like. Jul 17 lessons, · Building number sense in first grade can seem daunting but with the right number sense activities it can be a lot of fun! Everyone except first graders, that is.
well , you know EVERYONE has one. Calendar Worksheets ( Math) These printable worksheets will help your students learn first about days weeks, months, years. Student first Handbook; Course Description Booklet; Student math Parking Application; AP Language & Composition Summer Reading ( English 11) AP Summer Reading Chart ( English 11). Calendar for calendar preschool and kindergarten. Click on any of the items below to download. Renz: My hope is that my students love math as much as I do!
Fun Multiplication Worksheets To Print Say it! 2nd Grade Multiplication Practice Worksheets. These fun multiplication practice worksheets are the star of the show. Find and save ideas about First grade calendar on Pinterest. | See more ideas about Kindergarten calendar math, The first 100 days and Maths day. Feb 06, · This is my 11th year of teaching first grade and today' s celebration is right up there with the Gingerbread Man and The Elf!
I can no longer FIT everything into a. At Starfall, children have fun while they learn - specializing in reading, phonics & math - educational games, movies, books, songs, and more for children K- 3. Sep 09, · Graphing and Data Analysis in first grade can seem daunting but it is actually a really fun math concept because it is so visual.
Kids " get it" pretty easily and graphing activities allow them to share things about themselves so they love it.


text:
namespace XLL_NAMESPACE
{
#if XLL_SUPPORT_THREAD_LOCAL
	__declspec(thread) XLOPER12 threadReturnValue;
#endif
	XLOPER12 globalReturnValue;
}

using namespace XLL_NAMESPACE;

//
// ExportTableHelper
//
// Helper class to look up the export symbols of a dll module.
//

class ExportTableHelper
{
	struct ExportEntry
	{
		FARPROC proc;
		DWORD ordinal;
		LPCSTR name;

		ExportEntry() : proc(nullptr), ordinal(0), name(nullptr) {}
		ExportEntry(FARPROC proc) : proc(proc), ordinal(0), name(nullptr){}

		static bool AddressPred(const ExportEntry &x, const ExportEntry &y)
		{
			return x.proc < y.proc;
		};
	};

	ExportEntry *m_exportEntries;
	size_t m_exportEntryCount;

	static BOOL GetThisModuleHandle(HMODULE *phModule) XLL_NOEXCEPT
	{
		return ::GetModuleHandleEx(
			GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS,
			(LPCTSTR)(void*)(&GetThisModuleHandle),
			phModule);
	}

public:
	ExportTableHelper() XLL_NOEXCEPT
		: m_exportEntries(nullptr), m_exportEntryCount(0)
	{
	}

	ExportTableHelper(ExportTableHelper &&other) XLL_NOEXCEPT
	{
		if (&other != this)
		{
			other.m_exportEntries = m_exportEntries;
			other.m_exportEntryCount = m_exportEntryCount;
			m_exportEntries = nullptr;
			m_exportEntryCount = 0;
		}
	}

	// Clear the loaded symbol table.
	void ClearSymbols() XLL_NOEXCEPT
	{
		free(m_exportEntries);
		m_exportEntries = nullptr;
		m_exportEntryCount = 0;
	}

	~ExportTableHelper() XLL_NOEXCEPT
	{
		ClearSymbols();
	}

	// Load export symbols from a given module.
	BOOL LoadSymbols(HMODULE hModule) XLL_NOEXCEPT
	{
		ClearSymbols();

		BYTE* pImageBase = (BYTE*)hModule;
		PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER pDosHeader = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)hModule;
		if (pDosHeader->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE)
			return FALSE;

		PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNtHeaders = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)&pImageBase[pDosHeader->e_lfanew];
		if (pNtHeaders->Signature != IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE)
			return FALSE;
		if (pNtHeaders->OptionalHeader.NumberOfRvaAndSizes == 0)
			return TRUE;

		PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY pExportDirectory = (PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)
			&pImageBase[pNtHeaders->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress];

		DWORD *pFunctionRVAs = (DWORD*)&pImageBase[pExportDirectory->AddressOfFunctions];

		// Count number of exported functions.
		size_t n = 0;
		for (DWORD i = 0; i < pExportDirectory->NumberOfFunctions; ++i)
		{
			if (pFunctionRVAs[i] != 0)
				++n;
		}
		if (n == 0)
			return TRUE;

		// Alloc export entries.
		m_exportEntries = (ExportEntry*)malloc(sizeof(ExportEntry)*n);
		if (m_exportEntries == nullptr)
			return FALSE;
		m_exportEntryCount = n;

		// Load export entries.
		n = 0;
		for (DWORD i = 0; i < pExportDirectory->NumberOfFunctions; ++i)
		{
			if (pFunctionRVAs[i] != 0)
			{
				m_exportEntries[n].proc = (FARPROC)&pImageBase[pFunctionRVAs[i]];
				m_exportEntries[n].ordinal = pExportDirectory->Base + i;
				m_exportEntries[n].name = nullptr;
				++n;
			}
		}

		//DWORD* pNameRVAs = (DWORD*)&pImageBase[pExportDirectory->AddressOfNames];
		//for (DWORD i = 0; i < pExportDirectory->NumberOfNames; i++)
		//{
		//	LPCSTR name = (LPCSTR)&pImageBase[pNameRVAs[i]];
		//}

		// Sort the entries by proc address to make it easier to search.
		std::sort(m_exportEntries, m_exportEntries + n, ExportEntry::AddressPred);
		return TRUE;
	}

	// Load symbols from the dll or exe module that this code is
	// linked into.
	BOOL LoadSymbols() XLL_NOEXCEPT
	{
		HMODULE hThisModule;
		BOOL bOK = GetThisModuleHandle(&hThisModule);
		if (bOK)
		{
			bOK = LoadSymbols(hThisModule);
			FreeLibrary(hThisModule);
		}
		return bOK;
	}

	DWORD GetProcOrdinal(FARPROC proc) const XLL_NOEXCEPT
	{
		const ExportEntry *p = std::lower_bound(
			m_exportEntries, m_exportEntries + m_exportEntryCount,
			ExportEntry(proc), ExportEntry::AddressPred);

		if (p < m_exportEntries + m_exportEntryCount && p->proc == proc)
			return p->ordinal;
		else
			return 0;
	}
};

static double RegisterFunction(LPXLOPER12 dllName, const FunctionInfo &f, const ExportTableHelper &exports)
{
	// This is enforced by a static_assert in XLWrapper.
	assert(f.arguments.size() <= XLL_MAX_ARG_COUNT);

	std::wstring argumentText;
	if (f.arguments.size() > 0)
	{
		argumentText = f.arguments[0].name();
		for (size_t i = 1; i < f.arguments.size(); i++)
		{
			argumentText += L",";
			argumentText += f.arguments[i].name();
		}
	}

	ExcelVariant opers[256];
	// opers[0] = dllName;

	// Find ordinal of entry point. We may support export by name
	// in the future.
	DWORD ordinal = exports.GetProcOrdinal(f.entryPoint);
	if (ordinal == 0)
		return xlretFailed;
	opers[1] = ordinal;

	//opers[2] = std::wstring(f.typeText) + (f.isPure ? L"" : L"!") + (f.isThreadSafe ? L"$" : L"");
	opers[2] = f.typeText;
	opers[3] = f.name;
	// BUG: if the function description is given, then even if the UDF takes
	//      no arguments, Excel still shows a box to let the user input the
	//      argument. Need to find a way to get rid of the box.
	if (!argumentText.empty())
		opers[4] = argumentText;
	else
		opers[4] = (wchar_t*)nullptr;
	opers[5] = f.macroType;
	opers[6] = f.category;
	opers[7] = f.shortcut;
	opers[8] = f.helpTopic;
	//opers[8] = L"e:\\Dev\\Repos\\Xll\\Test\\A.chm!123";
	opers[9] = f.description;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < f.arguments.size(); i++)
	{
		// Excel sometimes truncates the last one or two characters of the
		// last argument description. Therefore we need to append two spaces
		// to the last argument description to counter this behavior. See
		// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/bb687841.aspx
		if (i == f.arguments.size() - 1 && f.arguments[i].description() != nullptr)
			opers[10 + i] = std::wstring(f.arguments[i].description()) + L"  ";
		else
			opers[10 + i] = f.arguments[i].description();
	}

	LPXLOPER12 popers[256];
	popers[0] = dllName;
	for (size_t i = 1; i < 10u + f.arguments.size(); i++)
		popers[i] = &opers[i];

	// If opers[9] is supplied, regardless of its value, Excel will not
	// automatically fill in argument text. So we do not supply it unless
	// user has specified something.
	int n;
	if (f.description == nullptr && f.arguments.size() == 0)
		n = 9;
	else
		n = 10 + static_cast<int>(f.arguments.size());

	XLOPER12 id;
	if (Excel12v(xlfRegister, &id, n, popers) == xlretSuccess)
	{
		if (id.xltype == xltypeNum)
			return id.val.num;
		Excel12(xlFree, 0, 1, &id);
	}
	return 0.0;
}

#if 0
static int RegisterFunctionTest(LPXLOPER12 dllName)
{
	const int N = 6;

	XLOPER12 opers[N];
	xll::SetValue(&opers[1], 1.0); // entry point ordinal
	xll::SetValue(&opers[2], L"C!");
	xll::SetValue(&opers[3], L"MagicString"); // name
	xll::SetValue(&opers[4], L""); // arguments
	xll::SetValue(&opers[5], 1.0); // macro type

	LPXLOPER12 popers[N];
	popers[0] = dllName;
	for (size_t i = 1; i < N; i++)
		popers[i] = &opers[i];

	XLOPER12 id;
	int ret = Excel12v(xlfRegister, &id, N, popers);
	return ret;
}
#endif

// http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2014/03/21/10509670.aspx
// The DLL that links to this LIB must reference some symbol within this
// file to make this OBJ file into the final image. Otherwise the OBJ
// file will not be included and the xlAuto*() functions will not be
// exported, and the XLL will not work.

#define EXPORT_UNDECORATED_NAME comment(linker, "/export:" __FUNCTION__ "=" __FUNCDNAME__)

int WINAPI xlAutoOpen()
{
#pragma EXPORT_UNDECORATED_NAME

	ExportTableHelper exports;
	if (!exports.LoadSymbols())
		return 0;

	XLOPER12 xDLL;
	if (Excel12(xlGetName, &xDLL, 0) == xlretSuccess)
	{
		for (FunctionInfo &f : XLL_NAMESPACE::FunctionInfo::registry())
		{
			try
			{
				double id = RegisterFunction(&xDLL, f, exports);
				if (id != 0)
				{
					f.registerId = id;
				}
			}
			catch (...)
			{
			}
		}
		// RegisterFunctionTest(&xDLL);
		Excel12(xlFree, 0, 1, &xDLL);
	}
	return 1;
}

int WINAPI xlAutoClose()
{
#pragma EXPORT_UNDECORATED_NAME

	// Type the following in VBA Immediate Window to unload the DLL:
	// Application.ExecuteExcel4Macro "UNREGISTER(""E:\Dev\Repos\Xll\Debug\XllExamples.dll"")"
	//
	// The XLL should unregister functions and delete names when being
	// unloaded. However, there is no point doing this because
	//
	//   1) https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/bb687830.aspx
	//      Excel automatically unregisters the functions after calling
	//      xlAutoClose().
	//
	//   2) https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/bb687841.aspx
	//      A known bug prevents the name from being deleted.
	//
	// Therefore we do nothing here.
#if 0
	for (FunctionInfo &f : XLL_NAMESPACE::FunctionInfo::registry())
	{
		if (f.registerId != 0)
		{
			Excel12(xlfUnregister, 0, 1, &ExcelVariant(f.registerId));
			Excel12(xlfSetName, 0, 1, &ExcelVariant(f.name));
		}
	}
#endif
	return 1;
}

// Not implemented.
LPXLOPER12 WINAPI xlAutoRegister12(LPXLOPER12 pxName)
{
	return 0;
}

// Not implemented.
int WINAPI xlAutoAdd(void)
{
	return 1;
}

// Not implemented.
int WINAPI xlAutoRemove(void)
{
	return 1;
}

namespace XLL_NAMESPACE
{
	LPCWSTR AddInName(LPCWSTR name)
	{
		static LPCWSTR s_name = nullptr;
		if (name != nullptr)
		{
			s_name = name;
		}
		return s_name;
	}
}

// To remove an add-in entry from Excel's Add-Ins dialog box, make
// sure Excel is not running, and then open regedit and delete the
// corresponding registry entry in the following location:
//
// \HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\15.0\Excel\Add-in Manager
//
// For more information, see https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/161439

LPXLOPER12 WINAPI xlAddInManagerInfo12(LPXLOPER12 xAction)
{
#pragma EXPORT_UNDECORATED_NAME
	if (xAction && AddInName(NULL))
	{
		double action;
		if (SUCCEEDED(CreateValue(&action, *xAction)) && action == 1.0)
		{
			// Addin functions are guaranteed to be called from the
			// main thread, so we can use the global return value.
			LPXLOPER12 xResult = &globalReturnValue;
			if (SUCCEEDED(CreateValue(xResult, AddInName(NULL))))
				return xResult;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

void WINAPI xlAutoFree12(LPXLOPER12 p)
{
#pragma EXPORT_UNDECORATED_NAME
	if (p)
	{
		DeleteValue(p);
#if XLL_SUPPORT_THREAD_LOCAL
		assert(p == &::XLL_NAMESPACE::globalReturnValue ||
			   p == &::XLL_NAMESPACE::threadReturnValue);
#else
		if (p != &::XLL_NAMESPACE::globalReturnValue &&
			p != &::XLL_NAMESPACE::threadReturnValue)
		{
			free(p);
		}
#endif
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
106 d'Aquari (106 Aquarii) és una estrella de classe B de la seqüència principal de la Constel·lació d'Aquari.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 SIMBAD, 106 Aqr
 Aladin previewer, imatge
 Aladin sky atlas, imatge

9906

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Six Strikes copyright enforcement system launches, will throttle your bandwidth for pirating shows.
Bandwidth-Throttling Copyright Enforcement System Launches Across U.S.
Policing Internet piracy just got a lot easier, thanks to the new "six strikes" system.
For months, American BitTorrent users have no doubt been dreading this day. The new "Copyright Alert System" is finally launching across all of the major Internet providers—which could result in your bandwidth getting throttled if it is suspected you are downloading pirated content.


Professionally tree cutting, removal and trimming services in Ave Glendale Heights. Ali trees services is the best tree removal services providers and other services like Bush trimming, Hedging, Mulch Delivery, Debris Removal, Storm Damage, Snow Removal. Our services are efficient and affordable. We have the professionals and experienced team. If you are looking for the reliable company for tree services then you are at the right place. Very low price and 100% good work guarantee. Don't hesitate to contact us because we know the value of your precious time and valuable money. We'll response you within a short period of time.


Not an Apple developer? We want to help you too!
We're looking to get a new batch of stamps made very soon, but first, we'd love to hear what you're working on.
Shoot us a down below message with the OS and whether it's tablet or smartphone you're designing for- just one line: "Android, Smartphone" .
We promise to read and respond to every single message to let you know with our future plans for new stamps.


Are your windows or siding in need of repair or replacement? We can help! We have the experience to handle and window or siding job in Maryland – no job is too big or too small! Whether you need a slight repair or a full replacement, we can help. Contact us today for window and siding repair and replacement in Frederick County Maryland!
Very professional and wonderful work!


text:
In 1929, physicist Oskar Klein obtained a surprising result by applying the Dirac equation to the familiar problem of electron scattering from a potential barrier. In nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, electron tunneling into a barrier is observed, with exponential damping. However, Klein's result showed that if the potential is at least of the order of the electron mass, , the barrier is nearly transparent. Moreover, as the potential approaches infinity, the reflection diminishes and the electron is always transmitted.

The immediate application of the paradox was to Rutherford's proton–electron model for neutral particles within the nucleus, before the discovery of the neutron.  The paradox presented a quantum mechanical objection to the notion of an electron confined within a nucleus.   This clear and precise paradox suggested that an electron could not be confined within a nucleus by any potential well.  The meaning of this paradox was intensely debated at the time.

Massless particles

Consider a massless relativistic particle approaching a potential step of height  with energy  and momentum .

The particle's wave function, , follows the time-independent Dirac equation:

And  is the Pauli matrix:

Assuming the particle is propagating from the left, we obtain two solutions — one before the step, in region (1) and one under the potential, in region (2):

where the coefficients ,  and  are complex numbers.
Both the incoming and transmitted wave functions are associated with positive group velocity (Blue lines in Fig.1), whereas the reflected wave function is associated with negative group velocity. (Green lines in Fig.1)

We now want to calculate the transmission and reflection coefficients,
They are derived from the probability amplitude currents.

The definition of the probability current associated with the Dirac equation is:

In this case:

The transmission and reflection coefficients are:

Continuity of the wave function at , yields:

And so the transmission coefficient is 1 and there is no reflection.

One interpretation of the paradox is that a potential step cannot reverse the direction of the group velocity of a massless relativistic particle. This explanation best suits the single particle solution cited above. Other, more complex interpretations are suggested in literature, in the context of quantum field theory where the unrestrained tunnelling is shown to occur due to the existence of particle–antiparticle pairs at the potential.

Massive case

For the massive case, the calculations are similar to the above.
The results are as surprising as in the massless case. The transmission coefficient is always larger than zero, and approaches 1 as the potential step goes to infinity.

The Klein zone
If the energy of the particle is in the range , then partial reflection rather than total reflection will result.

Resolutions for the massive case

While the traditional resolution uses particle–anti-particle pair production in the context of quantum field theory (Hansen 1981), a simpler resolution exists that substitutes physical pair production for the scattering of negative energy solutions under the barrier (Alhaidari 2009). This strategy was also applied to obtain analytic solutions to the Dirac equation for an infinite square well.

Other cases

These results were expanded to higher dimensions, and to other types of potentials, such as a linear step, a square barrier, a smooth potential, etc.
Many experiments in electron transport in graphene rely on the Klein paradox for massless particles.

See also
 List of paradoxes

References

Further reading

Physical paradoxes


text:
<?php
# $Id$
# Testing phplot - Suppress axis lines - case 1
# See the script included below for details.
$case = 1;
require_once 'noaxis.php';


We give two thumbs up to this NCIS episode, "The Good Son". The sizzling plot turned out to be a nail biter, one so well written that the resolve fooled even the most astute viewer. Diane points out that in many episodes the development of suspects are predictable: The writers show the viewers two or three suspects, and the viewer can usually discard the first one introduced, and sometimes, the second one as well. In fact David often looks up at the clock and if the program has ten minutes left, he says, "Okay that must be the culprit." Not so tonight. After we conclude that the first suspect, Leon's brother-in-law Michael, could not be the suspect, we find out differently.
The viewers should have known from Jackie's reaction to having her brother come into the house with Leon that she understood Michael only too well and more completely than did her husband. Poor Leon. His efforts to rehabilitate Michael ended up being thrown in his face. Jackie was right. Her other instincts were correct too. When DiNozzo and Gibbs began to handcuff Michael in front of her children, David gasped and exclaimed, "Not in front of the kids! That is rule number fifty three." Jackie rightly told the agents to take Michael outside to handcuff him and they did. When David was a young agent he arrested a defendant in the presence of the defendant's wife and children. He never forgot the weeping, wailing, and pain it caused for those kids. He never again cuffed a prisoner in front of the family.
Wasn't the ending touching? Leon offered to play the xBox game with his son and then gave him a hug.
Also, consider who was the "Good Son"? The banter among the team members about Gibbs' comments on Tony's evaluation, "He talks too much in the field." Tony is rocked by what he considers a real slam by Gibbs. Just when Tony decides not to talk, Gibbs asks him for his opinion, admitting how much he relies on Tony's instincts. This positive comment lifts Tony to new heights, causing us to wonder what is yet to come for Tony, the son, and Gibbs, the father.
Loved the 'Good Son'…..am really glad that they stopped making Vance seem like a bipolar director….


In the past several weeks we have made a number of enhancements and bug fixes. These changes will take effect on Wednesday, May 15th, 2013, 8:30PM EST.
If you have any questions about these updates, please let us know. And stay tuned for more – our next release is scheduled for May 29th, 2013!


text:
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This article discusses the removal of bacterial endotoxins in a washing process and the need for a continuous monitoring activity according to common cleaning validation practices. Results of washing tests performed with different load materials following an effective cleaning strategy to remove microbiological soil are presented. In addition, this paper compares two different online assay methods: conductivity analysis and Total Organic Carbon analysis.
The purpose of a washing treatment consists in removing the soil present on the load. Some aspects of soil removal, strictly of a chemical type, were previously discussed . However, a new cleaning requirement is becoming increasingly widespread: treating a different soil, which is not chemical but microbiological. A very frequent requirement is indeed to remove bacterial endotoxins.
• Protecting the end user of the product from an unexpected result that does not conform to expectations.
The U.S. FDA Cleaning validation guide states that "…control of the bioburden through adequate cleaning and storage of equipment is important to ensure that subsequent sterilization or sanitization procedures achieve the necessary assurance of sterility" . Failure to remove/destroy endotoxins is certainly a limitation of steam sterilization; therefore, the "endotoxin content" of a generic load, intended for subsequent sterilization, is often monitored and controlled during its handling, production and washing.
Endotoxin removal can be investigated during the validation cycles of the cleaning process. In fact, three endotoxin log reductions, which is a standard requirement for the depyrogenation process, might be the additional target of a washing procedure. Obviously, the required reduction would not be achieved due to the high temperatures but due to the mechanical removal effect dictated by the cleaning medium, such as water, steam or aqueous solution with the addition of detergents.
The test, performed at the Research and Development department of Fedegari, removed bacterial endotoxins from different materials by a washing cycle and constituted a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of this process in terms of endotoxin load reduction. The goal of this study was to verify the 3 log reduction of the inoculated endotoxin load on the surface of coupons measuring 100 mm x 100 mm.
The use of coupons in the initial setup of a washing process is suggested by PDA Technical Report No. 29: Points to consider for Cleaning Validation . Stainless steal, 316 L, polypropylene and tempered glass coupons were investigated. The choice of materials to be inoculated was of a practical nature: materials usually found in pharmaceutical practices.
The materials were depyrogenated through a thermal treatment performed at 250°C. Due to the high temperatures, it was not possible to expose the polypropylene coupons to the same process. This way, the plastic coupons were disinfected with a common biocidal agent representing a worst case in this study.
ENDOSAFE, Charles River – Source: Escherichia coli 055:B5) and the inoculum was dried at 40°C by means of a laboratory heater. The drying time depended on the treated material. Appropriate supports for the coupons were studied to ensure that the washing medium reached the inoculated coupon surface (see Figure 1).
In addition, an appropriate cleaning equipment, composed of rotating arms with nozzles, was designed and built. Since the effectiveness of the process in terms of the intended goal was not known, a standard cycle already applied at a customer facility was used. This cycle was mainly composed by various washing phases with water recirculation and a washing phase with water disposal, injection and simultaneous drain of water.
The washing machine located in the Research and Development laboratory of Fedegari is supplied with deionized water originating from a reverse osmosis plant. In order to remove from the results any endotoxin content due to the contribution of the water entering the system, an analysis of the water was carried out.
The endotoxin content was evaluated by applying a "Bacterial Endotoxin Test – BET", as described in the various international Pharmacopoeias, harmonized in this regard [4-5]. This test is capable of identifying or quantifying endotoxins originating from gram-negative bacteria by using Limulus Polyphemus amebocyte lysate.
Figure 2 – Endosafe PTS instrument, manufactured by Charles River, used for the evaluation of the endotoxin load of the samples being considered.
The technique applied was the chromogenic kinetic one (method D of the European Pharmacopeia).
The instrument used (see Figure 2), Endosafe PTS (Charles River), is a portable cartridge spectrophotometer, which measures the endotoxin content as a function of the time required to develop a given quantity of color. The higher is the endotoxin content; the lower is the response time.
At the end of the washing treatment, the samples were extracted from the machine, placed in a non-pyrogenic container and immersed in a defined volume of water for injection (see Figure 3).
Figure 3 – Coupons immersed in water for injection; recovery of endotoxin content.
After approximately 60 minutes of immersion and continuous manual agitation, a series of dilutions of the solution was performed. It allowed the instrument to operate in its correct reading range.
The same procedure was applied for positive controls: coupons of various materials that were inoculated and not subjected to the washing process.
Comparing the positive control with the after treatment coupon results revealed a logarithmic reduction of approximately 3 log for the different materials tested. See Table 1 for more details.
Table 1 – Endotoxin load of the coupons before and after treatment and corresponding logarithmic reduction.
Even for cleaning processes established and validated according to common Cleaning Validation practices, there are online controls that can help to "manage the unexpected". These procedures allow continuous monitoring of the parameters indicating the performance of the process and are useful to identify any anomaly in the treatment.
The use of rinsing water samples can keep the process in a "state of control" during routine production and is prescribed in the guidelines for validation processes written by the U.S. FDA  in 2011: "…Ongoing assurance is gained during routine production that the process remains in a state of control".
Appropriate analytical methods can be applied to meet the previously described requirements: analysis of conductivity and of total organic carbon on the waste water of the process are a typical example.
The most widespread method for online analysis of waste water quality in a washing system is the measurement of conductivity. Conductivity analysis is a non-specific method that allows to detect ionic substances dissociated in water samples but is unable to distinguish among different ions.
Figure 4 – Schematic view of the online application of conductivity sensors in Fedegari steam washers.
Conductivity analysis can be used to measure residues of API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) or detergents, if they are of ionic nature. The conductivity value of the final rinse water is an additional requirement commonly included in the performance parameters of a cleaning process.
E.g.: 'If the readouts of the conductivity at the end of the rinse phase is higher than the preset value, the system must continue rinsing of all washing lines (repetition of maximum number of phases) until the required value is obtained'. URS of a Pharma company.
In washing machines, the conductivity sensor is integrated in the hydraulic system and connected to the process controller (see Figure 4).
• Measurement of water conductivity is performed during final rinsing. For this purpose, a conductivity meter is installed in the drain line.
value or until the maximum preset number of rinses has been reached. If the conductivity set point is not reached within the set number of rinses, the process controller reports an alarm.
In this manner, the operator can apply the procedures required to solve the anomaly in progress.
• The conductivity meter is fully managed by 'Thema4' process controller installed in Fedegari steam washers.
Until recently, conductivity analysis was the only online method used to monitor the quality of the water of the last rinse. Recent technological developments related to the measurement of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in water samples have allowed to integrate it in a washing system.
Why is this parameter monitored as well?
Most of the products involved in biotechnological processes are characterized by its organic nature; so simple conductivity analysis cannot detect them. A TOC analyzer is used to determine residuesof detergents and API (Active PharmaceuticalIngredients) composed of organic molecules when the identity of the analyte is not required.
oxidizes the organic carbon present in the molecule that constitutes the sample and measures the resulting carbon dioxide obtained from the oxidized organic molecule. The instrument is capable of converting organic compounds into inorganic compounds, which then can be analyzed by conductivity measurements.
• the concentration of the carbon content derived from organic material present in the water is measured in parts per billion (ppb).
Figure 5 – Schematic view of the online application of conductivity and Total Organic Carbon sensors in Fedegari washing machines.
The TOC analysis is a highly sensitive method, but it is clearly nonspecific. In fact, the instrument is capable of detecting organic residues of products that have degraded during washing processes but is unable to identify the analyte in the sample.
This case study regards the online application of the conductivity and Total Organic Carbon sensors in Fedegari steam washers. In these machines, both the conductivity meter and the TOC analyzer are integrated in the hydraulic system and connected to the process controller (see Figure 5).
repeated automatically until the conductivity value is lower than a predetermined value included within the operating limits of the TOC analyzer.
and a controlled volume of water from the final rinse is conveyed to the TOC sensor, opening an isolation valve.
• Once sampling has ended, the measured TOC value is transmitted to the process controller of the washing machine. The controller can be programmed to repeat the washing phase until a predefined TOC value or a maximum number of rinses is reached. If the preset TOC value is not reached within the maximum number of rinses, then the Process Controller reports an alarm. In this manner, the operator can apply the procedure required to solve the anomaly in progress.
fully managed by 'Thema4' process controller installed on Fedegari washing machines.
analysis entails a longer cycle time. The washing system is in fact in a standby state during sample analysis in order to assess the need to perform further rinsing.
Nevertheless, comparison between off-line and online measurements clearly shows that the online application of conductivity and TOC allows to eliminate manual sampling, the transport of samples to laboratories, the delay in laboratory time analysis, the "human variable" in the assessment of the results, and the risk of cross contamination. Online application allows continuous monitoring of process parameters in the reporting of any errors during a previously validated process.
conductivity and TOC is provided hereafter.
Removal of bacterial endotoxins – The washing tests performed at Fedegari R&D department have proven to be effective in removing not only chemical but also microbiological soil. A more intense washing process is expected to yield a reduction of endotoxin load distinctly higher than 3 log. A supplementary test, starting from a "chemically dirty" load, might constitute an additional challenge in the removal of inoculated bacterial endotoxins.
Online analyses of Total Organic Carbon and conductivity are complementary for continuous monitoring of the washing process performances. The conductivity meter and the TOC sensor can be fully integrated in the hydraulic system of a washing machine and connected to the process controller, as in the case of Fedegari steam washers. The complete integration with the controller allows regulatory compliance to the requirements of the FDA 21 CFR part 11: the data related to each deviation from the standard required in terms of washing performance are recorded and stored in the system history. Through these applications, the process remains in a state of control during routine production as indicated by the FDA itself .
1. M.L. Bernuzzi. Fattori chiave nella scelta/sviluppo di una strategia di lavaggio; 1a parte. ASCCA News, 2014; 4: 6-9.
4. USP 37 General Chapter <85> BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS TEST, 2014.
5. European Pharmacopoeia 8.0. Bacterial Endotoxins, 01/2014:20614.