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How to get started with CI/CD
What is an SRE? The vital role of the site reliability engineer
3 ways to kick off a devops program
What is CI/CD? Continuous integration and continuous delivery explained
Where site reliability engineering meets devops
Site reliability engineering brings agile methodology to operations. Clarify the responsibilities of the SRE and devops roles to keep things running smoothly
By Isaac Sacolick
Contributing Editor, InfoWorld |
PeopleImages / Getty Images
Back in the days before cloud applications, devops practices, test automation, and site reliability engineers, we had developers, testers, and system administrators developing and supporting Web and mobile applications. Developers followed agile methodologies, whereas system administrations often adopted ITIL's incident management and other practices.
We had fewer tools to automate testing, deployment, and infrastructure in those days, so there was much toil going from code-complete to production-ready. Monitoring production infrastructure and applications and discovering root causes of production issues required both craft and skill because operational data, monitoring tools, and support workflows did not easily integrate.
[ Devops best practices: The 5 methods you should adopt. • How to align test automation with agile and devops. • InfoWorld explains monitoring in the age of devops. • What is devops, exactly? Discover how to transform software development. ]
In many ways, developing, testing, and supporting applications is somewhat easier today, but the terminology, role definitions, and practical responsibilities are much harder to decipher and apply. Is site reliability engineering part of devops or a complementary service? Who is responsible for implementing CI/CD (continuous integration/continuous delivery) pipelines and infrastructure as code? When there is a production incident, what's the most efficient process to resolve the issue, discover the root cause, and implement the optimal remediations?
Google's culture and practices may not work at your organization
The answers cannot be universally applied because of differences in company size, scale, and complexity. What works for a startup with a few dozen engineers does not work for geographically dispersed enterprises operating in regulated industries. Similarly, the culture, practices, and technologies that work well for large-scale technology companies such as Google, Netflix, or Microsoft are often not achievable in other industries or businesses with more legacy systems and technical debt.
To reach a common understanding, I suggest defining terminology around five dimensions:
Mission, culture, collaboration, and mindset espoused by the organization
Business goals, customer definition, value propositions, and success KPIs (key performance indicators)
Technical work to develop, test, deploy, and monitor applications
Workflow and practices used by teams to plan, deliver, and support applications
Tools and automation needed to do this work successfully
This may look simple, but in practice, the way organizations operate is messier and the practice boundaries are less straightforward. For example, I define agile methodologies as a workflow practice, but how an organization defines its agile practice depends on the business objectives, technical architecture, software development lifecycle, and the devops automation that's in place.
The same is true for the intersection of devops practices and culture with the work and responsibilities of site reliability engineers.
When it comes to devops and SRE (site reliability engineering), there are many, many opinions. Here is a sample:
Google defines several devops objectives including reducing organizational silos, accepting failure as normal, implementing gradual change, using tools and automation, and measuring everything. Google then suggests several SRE operating models ranging from "everything SRE" where they have a comprehensive charter, to one where they serve as consultants to development teams and are less likely to make code modifications.
The Association for Computing Machinery defines a more operations-centric charter for the SRE role and identifies monitoring, metrics, emergency response, capacity planning, service management, change management, and performance as SRE core functions.
Another article tries to articulate the differences between devops and SRE, suggesting that "Devops generally focuses on the what whereas SRE focuses on the how," which I agree with, but also advises that "SRE is well-suited for enterprises and organizations that want to manage large-scale applications."
I would challenge the suggestion that SRE is mainly for large organizations. I believe that organizations of all sizes that build and support customized applications, data integrations, data science experimentation, and machine learning models need SREs to complement the development responsibilities. You can see this more clearly in the seven responsibilities of SREs that include managing by service-level objectives, working to minimize toil, and sharing ownership with developers. Who doesn't need these responsibilities owned and addressed?
Shifting focus from system administration to site reliability
In my book, Driving Digital, I describe the SRE role as "agile operations." I state an oversimplified, often unrealistic goal that "ideally, developers ought to be spending 70–80% of their time working with users on new capabilities and ideally only 20–30% on support." Support is anything nonfunctional, from automating CI/CD pipelines to implementing infrastructure as code and automating application monitoring.
These functions are essential, but they are merely the scaffolding that makes development efficient, consistent, and reliable. The automation requires coding, but I'd rather have engineers skilled with devops platforms such as Jenkins, CircleCI, Azure DevOps, Puppet, Chef, Ansible and many others to implement it.
But ensuring reliable, high-performance, scalable, and secure applications in development, test, and production is also a critical responsibility. Increasingly, more of this work is shifting left so that these concerns get identified and addressed during development and testing phases. Ensuring reliability is a full team responsibility, but I'd prefer that others on the team learn the disciplines and tools, and take charge of the implementation.
Ten years ago, the industry called that responsibility systems administration or systems engineering. Today cloud infrastructure, tool provisioning, and automation have enabled more efficient infrastructure patterns and reduced systems work. Similarly, there's a lot less administration because automation and controls such as change management have reduced some of the toil.
Developers and SREs must collaborate on application reliability
Today, the responsibility formally named "systems administration" or "systems engineering" is better called "site reliability engineering." The people taking on this role need to understand performance from the infrastructure up to the end-user experience. They are the front line of defense when incidents occur and require leadership and technical responsibility to identify root cause and remediate the issue.
Those are some of the reactive responsibilities of SRE, but the more critical skills and tasks are proactive functions. What those responsibilities and tools look like depends on the nature of the application. They might include automating penetration tests, performing code reviews, running performance tests, and refactoring code that has nonfunctional technical debt that impacts performance, reliability, or scalability.
Developer collaboration starts with understanding the SRE role and where development responsibilities end and SRE begins. Even with this understanding, most organizations have far fewer SREs compared to developers, so collaboration is needed regardless of where the SREs sit, to whom they report, and whether they are part of the agile team or operate as external service providers. Although SREs should use the same tools and development practices as developers, what work gets assigned to them and what becomes a pattern or best practice implemented by developers differs by many factors.
Why is this critical? Because no one wants to be constantly fire-fighting incidents that impact end-users and customers.
Isaac Sacolick is the author of the Amazon bestseller Driving Digital: The Leader's Guide to Business Transformation through Technology, which covers many practices such as agile planning, devops, and data science that are critical to successful digital transformation programs. Sacolick is a recognized top social CIO, digital transformation influencer, and contributing editor at , CIO.com, and Social, Agile, and Transformation.


You are a runner. You focus your mind and body on the pursuit of self-improvement, omitting feelings of discomfort during every run. Faster, stronger, more efficient… Each run a personal lesson in self-discipline. You accept the fact most will never understand your relentless drive to be better than you were yesterday. You are no longer satisfied with the status-quo.
In 1970, Novelist Richard Bach wrote a novel about a seagull; Jonathan Livingston Seagull. Jonathan, too, focused himself on the pursuit of self-improvement. He learned to accept his isolation from other birds, who only used their gift of flight to acquire food. But Jonathan was much different…he loved to fly.
And so you train. Uninspired by the daily status-quo, you want something more…something better. It is not materialism, nor power, that moves you forward. It is the intangible quest for internal peace and vitality. To run, climb, hike…fly without effort.
Running is an expression…an experience. You connect emotionally with your body and the earth. With the first steps of any run, your mind is busy with conflicts and noise. Your breath and effort calm…the noise is gone. All quiet now…you are flying.
At this moment, time is stopped. The earth's wisdom can be heard. Your mind is clear…your ears are open. Is it God? It is energy…you are flying. Each step is automatic… smooth. Beauty is all around. Colors are deep…everything is clear. Life is perfect.
You are your body. You are your mind. We are all energy. And today you can fly higher than ever before… if you believe it is possible.
Love it… there is NO LIMIT.


Real-time telemetry data from streaming directly from emergency vehicles and software updates securedly pushed to vehicles from the cloud.
ExakTime engineers continue to aggressively move more of the business toward the cloud. The company saw a surge of new customers with the availability of its new cloud offering, and with the help of Capax Global, many existing customers have already been migrated to Azure. The remaining customers are slated to migrate to the cloud on an expedited timeframe. Once 100% of customers on Azure, the company can continue to innovate taking advantage of all the cloud has to offer.
We created a sophisticated retail data model for Azure Data Warehouse to support daily Vitamin World operational and self-service ad-hoc reports. Providing connectivity to a number of older source systems was accomplished through innovative use of Microsoft's Polybase technology.
Solving the complex technical problems engineering and high tech organizations face with forward thinking solutions that match the high demands of these industries.
Utilizing the power of Microsoft's affordable, easy-to-use BI solutions to address business challenges at top financial institutions, hedge funds and multi-national insurance companies.
Aligning data management and BI enterprise reporting to provide answers to critical questions that help caregivers and healthcare networks provide the best support to their patients.
Leveraging Machine Learning and IoT to create predictive models that pull information from current product data and capture insights from sensors in the field to drive business growth.
Tapping into our deep understanding of the tax and audit space, we design systems for PS firms that address some of the most complex problems of data access and reporting.
Empowering and growing retail businesses through Cloud and data management solutions that provide answers from product and customer data that you didn't know to ask.


Below are Wed 27th June 2018 Lotto results and prize breakdown for lotto draw 2349.
The lottery jackpot for Wednesday 27th June 2018 was a fantastic £1,899,524. The ball machine used for this Wednesday's draw ,was Merlin with Ball set 5.
No jackpot winners in this Wednesday's lottery draw but congratulations to the 1 winning ticket that matched 5 main numbers plus bonus ball to win an impressive £43,378. 29 players managed to match 5 numbers in this draw to each win a prize of £1,574. Well done to all other lottery winners in this Wednesday's draw and good luck to all players in this coming Saturday's lottery draw.
Don't forget that if you have matched just 2 lotto numbers, you get 1 FREE Lucky Dip. In this draw 473,359 players won a Free lucky dip.
Below are the 21 winning lotto raffle numbers for UK lottery draw 2349 drawn on Wednesday 27 June 2018. Congratulations to this Wednesday's £1 Million raffle winner and the 20 lotto raffle winners who are now all £20,000 richer.


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Drive 使用 15 GB 的免費 Google 在線存儲啟動您,因此您可以保留照片,故事,設計,圖畫,錄音,視頻和 ndash; 任何地方.
- New, more visually rich status menu. The menu allows people using Google Drive for Mac/PC to more clearly follow their sync status, including guidance on already synced files, files currently syncing and files yet to be synced. When you hover over a recently synced file, you'll see an icon that saves you steps by letting you share it right from the menu.
- You can also now choose to limit how much bandwidth Drive consumes while syncing your files for those times when you need extra bandwidth for something else. You can do that in the Advanced section of the Preferences menu.
Google Drive (Google Backup and Sync) lets you access your stuff on every computer or mobile device, and upload photos, videos, documents, and other files.


text:
Home UK Labour takes up largest lead since 2013 in newest YouGov ballot
Labour takes up largest lead since 2013 in newest YouGov ballot
abour is now 15 factors forward of the Tories in what's the celebration's largest lead in virtually a decade, a YouGov ballot has proven.
As the price of residing disaster continues to worsen for households throughout the nation, the ballot commissioned by The Occasions and performed between August 16-17, discovered 43 per cent would vote for Labour.
The Tories lagged beind with 28, adopted by the Lib Dems with 11, the Greens with seven, and the SNP with 5.
Labour's lead is the most important it has had since February 2013 and is a rise of 5 per cent on the final ballot which was performed between August 9-10.
Labour has led the Tories in YouGov's polling since December 9, 2021 and in an additional worrying signal for the Authorities, one in ten of those that voted for Boris Johnson in 2019, have now stated they'd vote for the Opposition.
Adam McDonnell, YouGov's analysis director, stated: "These newest outcomes ought to be very worrying for the Conservative Get together and point out that the following prime minister could have work to do in restoring public belief on dealing with the price of residing disaster.
"The final time Labour held such a commanding lead within the polls was in 2013 when the Conservatives have been nonetheless affected by the fallout of the omnishambles price range.
"Whereas the management hopefuls have been preventing one another in a protracted marketing campaign, Labour's plan for tackling rising vitality payments has been acquired properly and they're now tied with the Tories on who can be greatest to deal with the financial system — a difficulty that they had beforehand lagged manner behind on for nearly a decade.
"After all, issues can change in a short time, significantly when there's a change of chief, however whoever does get the highest job is unlikely to have a lot of a honeymoon interval."
The ballot comes forward of the announcement of the brand new prime minister on September 5, though a Sky Information ballot printed throughout the week confirmed that Liz Truss had a 32 level lead over her rival, Rishi Sunak.
A pattern of dimension of 1,696 have been requested for the ballot.
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Stoke Newington Excessive St closed for one more week after partial constructing collapse
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Grand Hotel has a range of rooms for every budget, all of which are clean, comfortable and affordable. Located in the heart of Central Rotorua, less than a 5 minute walk from the Nakedbus and Intercity bus stop, it makes for a great base for your stay in New Zealand's number one thermal hotspot.
Our budget rooms are either double or twin share. The rooms all have private en-suite facilities and a fridge in each room. All linen and towels are provided for your stay.
Grab yourself some privacy at dorm room prices! If you wish to stay for 3 or more nights, please book through our specials page as our rate drops for multi-night stays.
Guests can use all the hotel's facilities, including the communal kitchen and lounge area, free onsite parking in the centre of town, and a guest laundry. If you need any help on what to do during your stay in Rotorua, just pop into reception for advice on all the local attractions and book there.
Reception is open from 8a.m. to 8p.m., please notify us when booking if you will arrive later than this so we can make arrangements for your arrival. Check in is from 2p.m. onwards, if you arrive early and your room is ready, we will get you checked in straight away. If not, we will store your luggage at reception whilst you head off and explore Rotorua!
As we have a range of rooms available at The Grand Hotel, feel free to ask at reception when you check in about upgrading to one of our Economy or Premier rooms if you fancy a little more luxury for your stay.
WiFi vouchers can be purchased from reception. A continental breakfast is available in the reception area between 8a.m. and 10a.m. for an additional charge.
From the Tourism Rotorua I-site head south, away from the lake along Fenton Street, take the second right into Pukuatua Street. We are just across the road about 30 metres down.


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I don't know about you guys, but for me, this week has FLOWN by! I worked this past weekend and took Monday as my day off, so all week I felt like I was a day behind. Yesterday felt like Wednesday, so it was a nice surprise when I kept being closer to the weekend than I thought!
Since today is Friday (not Thursday) I thought I would share some of my favorite things from this past week!
I bought this soup forever ago at the local farmer's market and finally got around to eating it yesterday. Why in the world did it take me so long?!
Tangy Cabbage & Spinach – yes please!
So delicious. I enjoyed the soup chilled, which was perfect timing because we're right in the middle of a heat wave here in Durham.
Honestly, between lemonade, salt & vinegar almonds, and this soup, I would be surprised if Baby Ravelli didn't come out of the womb all puckered up! This baby LOVES sour!
Udi's Gluten Free Cinnamon Raisin Bread with a smidge ton of butter.
Udi's Millet Chia Bread topped with avocado, bacon, cabot cheese shreds, and an over easy egg.
I was BEYOND thrilled when my mid-wife told me that I could in fact continue to enjoy over-easy eggs. And while I can't cook it myself – the smell of cooking eggs is DEATH for me right now – I did enjoy this breakfast three times this week!
I shared this new favorite – 365 Coconut Water – on Instagram yesterday (glutenhatesme). I've been having trouble with 24-32 hour headaches on days after I exercise. Most likely due to dehydration, I was having trouble getting enough water in. So I added Coconut Water in addition to my gallon of tap water and it has really helped.
I love the Whole Foods brand – and the price is just right!


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Congressman Cook Supports
Coronavirus Stimulus Package
CARES Act Delivers RELIEF
March 27, 2020, Washington D.C. ___
The House of Representatives passed Bill #748, The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The Bill which passed the Senate late, Wednesday March 27, passed the House with overwhelming bipartisan support. It now heads to President Donald Trump where he is expected to sign the Bill into law.
This Bill is the third and largest piece of legislation designed to combat the Coronavirus pandemic and protect the American economy from the associated fallout.
Key provisions of the legislation include the following:
Cash assistance in the form of a check for lower and middle-income U.S. residents of up to $1,200 for individuals, $2,400 for married couples, and an additional $500 for each child. The payments will be available for those with incomes up to $75,000 for individuals and $150,000 for married couples.
A tax credit for small businesses to cover a portion of wages paid to their employees during the pandemic.
Expanded unemployment insurance to cover gig workers, self-employed, and non-profit employees.
Eight weeks of assistance to small businesses in the form of loans to employers who maintain their payroll during this emergency.
A six-month pause on federal student loan payments with no interest accrual.
Increased Medicare payments for hospitals that treat vulnerable coronavirus patients.
Additional funding for Community Health Care Centers and Personal Protective Equipment.
Expanded access to Coronavirus testing and encouraging the use of new telemedicine technologies to protect and contain the further spread of Coronavirus.
Allows the Food and Drug Administration to quickly approve new treatments and advance vaccine research.
A significant temporary expansion of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance, which provides a monthly supplement for purchasing food, to ensure that low-income Americans have access to the food they need to feed their families.
Loans, loan guarantees, and other investments for large corporations, overseen by a Treasury Department inspector general. These loans will not exceed five years and must be paid back to the government.
Representative Paul Cook said, "This is a time of true crisis. COVID-19 is a pandemic unlike anything we've seen in our lifetimes. While the CARES Act is not perfect, it is absolutely necessary. We must contain both the outbreak itself and the economic carnage this disease is causing.
"Most importantly, the CARES Act delivers relief directly to private citizens, in the form of individual payments, expanded unemployment, food aid, and other forms of assistance. While I would have preferred stricter provisions attached to aid for airlines and a complete removal of all extraneous add-ins, the bill meets the crisis head-on, and I consider it my duty to help those families and individuals in need. Moreover, it lays necessary groundwork for a sustained economic recovery. To these ends, I support the CARES Act and call for its immediate implementation."


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COVID-19 And Lease Arrangements
By Paul Henson and Ben Gildea
The last thing the Real Estate industry needed in the UK after the confidence-sapping years dealing with Brexit is the further disruption being wrought by the COVID-19 virus. We are beginning to experience first-hand similarly extreme lockdown measures to those previously taken by the authorities in China and across Europe meaning that people can now only leave their homes in very limited circumstances with all but essential places ordered to close and public gatherings of more than two people prohibited.
The above is undoubtedly having a significant economic impact and has already resulted in a wave of new measures from the government to try and sure up ailing businesses including a rescue package worth £350 billion in the form of low interest loans as well as a rates holiday to all businesses in the retail, hospitality and leisure sectors for 12 months and cash handouts to smaller companies. The government has also now taken the unprecedented step of agreeing to pay 80% of the wages of those employees unable to work due to the pandemic up to a maximum of £2,500 per month.
In light of the unprecedented times, clients are also now keen to understand what their legal rights and remedies might be within the landlord and tenant arena. As it currently stands, we anticipate that most tenants will struggle to use their rights under their leases to mitigate their losses stemming from COVID-19 obligations given the limited scope to part with contractual obligations and suspend rents.
However, we are already seeing signs of landlords and tenants working together to lessen the effects of the virus on struggling businesses. One such approach is to agree a rent concession which can take many guises from a rent free period to deferred payments. Whether a landlord is prepared to agree a rent concession remains an entirely commercial point but it may help to preserve otherwise perfectly model tenants and avoid empty premises which will be difficult to re-let in this current market.
We have set out below some thoughts on how leases and tenancies might be affected in the current pandemic. The specific terms of any lease will need to be considered in detail but a few areas to consider are as follows:
1. Has the lease been frustrated?
A tenant who seeks to argue that their lease has been terminated through "frustration" will face a number of difficulties. Frustration enables a party to be discharged from its contractual obligations where a certain unexpected event occurs meaning that it becomes physically or commercially impossible to perform the contract, or that performance would be radically different.
Frustration can apply to leases but proving the same is very difficult. The High Court in the most recent case of Canary Wharf Limited v European Medicines Agency (2019) found against the tenant who sought to argue that Brexit had frustrated their lease.
A landlord may have grounds to argue that COVID-19 is not so "out of the ordinary" that the parties could not have considered this and negotiated terms to deal with it within the lease itself and that the principle of frustration should therefore not apply. Our initial view is that this may well be the legal position as it stands but that if COVID-19 forces the long term closure of leased premises rendering it impossible for tenants to perform their covenants over a prolonged period, the principle of frustration may potentially be called into play and could have wider ramifications.
In the meantime, however, those with short term or pop-up tenancies, or those who are approaching the expiry of a long-term lease, might arguably have better prospects of claiming that their tenancies have been frustrated now given the likely impact of even short term interruption.
The doctrine of frustration might also become relevant in relation to specific covenants. For example, where urgent works are required to remedy repairing issues with the leased premises but there are no workmen who are physically available or prepared to undertake the necessary works. In those circumstances, it is unlikely that a landlord would be able to rely on the breach (if it was a tenant obligation to repair) to forfeit the lease.
2. Is COVID-19 a "force majeure" event?
A force majeure clause is a clause which deals specifically with how the parties' obligations are affected by an event that impacts upon one of the party's ability to perform. Although they are rarely seen in modern day leases, we recommend checking your lease provisions to see if any such clause exists.
3. Is the tenant entitled to a rent suspension?
Again, the terms of the specific lease will need to be considered in detail. Such clauses usually only become operable when the leased premises are unable to be occupied by the tenant due to physical damage/destruction. It is unlikely to cover cases such as we are now dealing with and so it is improbable that tenants will be able to rely on this. However, we have seen cases where rent suspension applied where a means of access was obstructed. Although this often relates to insurable events, we have seen instances where it has been extended to an uninsurable event such as this.
4. What if a tenant continues to trade when it is illegal to do so?
In circumstances where the Government has now legislated to make it illegal for tenants in the leisure sectors to continue to trade, the landlord may be able to forfeit the lease if they continue to do so. Such continuance would be in breach of the obligation that is often found in leases, which requires tenants to comply with statutory obligations.
5. Is a landlord entitled to forfeit a lease or exercise Commercial Rent Arrears Recovery ("CRAR") in the event that a tenant fails to pay rent?
New laws which have been passed in the House of Commons and which are expected to take effect on 26 March 2020 will mean that it is unlawful for a landlord to exercise any right of re-entry or forfeiture under a business tenancy for non-payment of rent before 30 June 2020. The restrictions also apply to any ongoing forfeiture proceedings in the courts meaning that an order for possession cannot be made to take effect before 30 June 2020. Rent for these purposes includes any sums which a tenant is liable to pay under a business tenancy including, for example, annual rent, service charge and insurance rent.
As a result of the above, where a tenant now fails to make payment of any sums due under the March 2020 quarter day or any such sums payable on a monthly basis, the landlord is not entitled to exercise its right to forfeit the lease before 30 June 2020.
Although there have not been any specific restrictions imposed on a landlord's ability to exercise CRAR, it's likely that landlords will now face difficulties in doing so given that premises may now be closed and that Enforcement Agents may not be available to attend premises at the request of landlords.
6. What if the tenant fails to comply with a "keep open" clause?
If the lease provides that the tenant must keep the leased premises open and trading but fails to do so, the landlord's usual remedy will sound in damages, rather than an injunction, specific performance or forfeiture. The courts have traditionally been unwilling to order/force a tenant to carry on a trade and they consider compelling a tenant to comply with such an obligation to be more onerous and costly than any damage that might be caused to the landlord.
7. Can a landlord recover service charge costs associated with additional cleaning or security requirements?
Again, the lease will need to carefully reviewed as to the specific terms. Such costs should be recoverable if "cleaning common parts" form part of the service charge costs (provided they were reasonably incurred).
Landlords will, of course, want to help their customers (their tenants) as much as possible during these trying circumstances. It is up to the parties to agree temporary rent reductions or suspensions and we have already seen examples of many landlords permitting their tenants to pay rent on a monthly rather than quarterly basis. The drafting of any concessions should be carefully considered and the timing of it reviewed so that the parties can return to a normal commercial relationship as soon as possible once further clarity has been established.
8.	Are there any insurance issues to consider?
From a landlord's perspective, buildings insurance policies will often impose a number of fairly onerous obligations where premises become unoccupied. These can range from ensuring the disconnection of utilities, removal of hazardous materials and regular inspections. Such obligations may have practical implications and it may therefore be advisable for landlords to work with their tenants to ensure that any necessary arrangements are put in place to preserve the benefit of insurance cover.
Landlords may also have the benefit of loss of rent insurance. This usually applies to property damage claims where they are destroyed or unable to be accessed due to some physical impediment. It is unlikely to cover this scenario although tenant clients should check to see if uninsured risks are covered in their lease.
On the other hand, tenants may have business interruption insurance which covers loss of income. Most policies will provide cover should damage be caused to the premises or equipment by a named peril, such as a fire, flood or storm or from the breakdown of essential equipment. Although insurance for business interruption from Covid-19 specifically is likely to be very rare, tenants may want to check whether they have cover for "notifiable diseases" given that the government has added COVID-19 to the list of notifiable diseases commonly used as a trigger in certain insurance policies.
A further extension to usual business interruption policies that tenants may have, although again rare, is known as "non-damage, denial of access". If a business is forced to close by the government or an appropriate authority this could trigger a claim under a "non-damage, denial of access business" interruption extension if the infectious disease cover is unspecified/generically worded (or if it includes Covid-19).
An earlier version of this article was first published in CoStar on 13 March 2020 but has been updated to take into account recent Government announcements.
Further advice from our lawyers to help you and your business through the coronavirus crisis is available here
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А́нджей Нікодемо́вич (; ; 2 січня 1925 Львів — 28 січня 2017 Люблін, Польща) — польський і український композитор, піаніст, педагог.

Біографія
Народився у Львові в сім'ї архітектора Мар'яна Нікодемовича. Родина мала польські, вірменські й українські корені. У 1939–1940 роках був органістом у костелі кармеліток босих, так як попередній органіст змінив роботу через радянську окупацію [3]. Він грав там на гармоні, бо в церкві не було органу. Після вступу німецької армії до Львова у 1941 році він із сім'єю був змушений покинути будинок, оскільки вся територія вулиць Потоцького та Чавартакова була зайнята гестапо. Під час німецької окупації він годував вошей в Інституті досліджень тифу та вірусів професора Рудольфа Вайгля — документ про працевлаштування в інституті захищав від примусової праці в Німеччині. Рік вчився на слюсаря в ремісничій школі, потім два роки в хімічній. У 1947–1950 грав в костелі Марії Магдалини. Навчався на хімічному факультеті Львівської політехніки у 1942–1946. Закінчив Львівську консерваторію (класи композиції — у Адама Солтиса, 1950; фортепіано — у Тадеуша Маєрського, 1954). Від 1951 — працює в консерваторії в кабінеті історії музики, згодом викладач. Від 1959 року член Спілки композиторів України. Проживав у Львові на вулиці Пушкіна, 76 (нині вулиця Генерала Чупринки). У цей період написав низку релігійних кантат, але офіційно був відомий лише як автор інструментальних творів. 1973 року композитора звільнено з консерваторії, із позбавленням права викладання, виключено зі Спілки композиторів. Приводом стало затримання комсомольським патрулем дітей Нікодемовича у Великдень при виході з костелу, а справжньою причиною - релігійні переконання композитора. По звільненні з консерваторії працював коректором українського відділення Музфонду і давав приватні уроки.

1980 року виїхав до Любліна. Викладає у Люблінському католицькому інституті та Університеті Марії Кюрі-Склодовської. Від 1995 року займає посаду «професора звичайного». Від 1989 року президент Люблінського відділу Спілки польських композиторів. Бере участь у діяльності фундації «Muzyka Kresów», стає її почесним президентом. у 1982–1992 роках диригує хором Вищої духовної семінарії. Працює в різних жанрах та формах. Особливе місце посідають сакральні твори.

2010 року отримав звання почесного громадянина міста Любліна.

Твори
 Романс для скрипки і фортепіано (1947).
 Соната для фортепіано (1949).
 Цикл «Соноріт» для скрипки та для віолончелі — соло з «підготовленим» фортепіано (1960-ті).
 «Шістдесят шість експресій» для фортепіано (1959–1960).
 «Двадцять експресій» для фортепіано з оркестром (1960).
 «Концертна музика» для голосу з оркестром (1963).
 «Три колискові» для гобоя і фортепіано, «Три ноктюрни» для труби і фортепіано, «П'ять діалогів» для флейти і фагота (1964).
 Концертино для фортепіано і духового оркестру (1967).
 «Камерний концерт» для фортепіано з оркестром (1968).
 Байка «Szklana Góra» — поєднання музики зі сценічним дійством, пантомімою і декламуванням. Лібрето Я.Поразінської. 1969.
 «Сонористична композиція» для скрипки, віолончелі та фортепіано (1971).
 Цикл «Сім польських народних пісень» для змішаного хору (а капела, 1972).
 Концерти для голосу та симфонічного оркестру (1972).
 Симфонія (1975).
 «Літанія лоретанська» (Litania Loretańska) — 4 версії для різного складу хору і оркестру, написані протягом 1960–1990 років.
 Сім концертів для фортепіано, два для віолончелі й один для скрипки з оркестром.
 «П'ять діалогів для флейти і фагота».
 Близько 50 релігійних кантат.

Твори з участю органа
 Реквієм для сопрано, хору і органа (1952—1998)
 Salve Regina — для хору хлопчиків і органа (1981)
 Z gorzkich żalów «Płacz u grobu Chrystusa Pana» (версія ІІ) — для баритону і органа (1981)
 Ofiara Wieczorna (версія ІІ) — кантата для змішаного хору і органа (1984)
 «Літанія лоретанська» (Litania Loretańska) для сопрано і органа (1985)
 Антифони до Пресвятої Діви Марії (версія II) для змішаного хору і органа (1985) на текст Германуса Контрактуса (XI ст.)
 Ламентація «Ритм до Господа Ісуса розп'ятого, епізод Страстей Христових» (версія III) для сопрано соло і органа (1990)
 Чотири пісні до слів Джорджа Герберта (George Herbert) для сопрано, труби та органа (1992)
 Дві токати для органа (1992)
 Шість медитацій (версія I) для труби й органа (1997)
 Шість медитацій (версія II) для органа (1997)
 Шість медитацій (версія IV) для флейти Пана та камерного оркестру (1997)
 Hymnus pro peccatis для сопрано, хору і органа (1999)
 Години про Непорочне Зачаття Діви Марії для тенора (або сопрано) i невеликого оркестру (або флейти, гобоя і органа) (1999)
 Цикл варіацій на тему Великодної пісні «Христос встав із мертвих» (Chrystus zmartwychstan jest)
 Цикл варіацій Ave Maris Stella
 Цикл варіацій на тему пісні «Хвала тобі, Господи»
 Польська сюїта для органа
 Триптих для сопрано і органа на текст 3-го псалму в польському перекладі Яна Кохановського (1990)

Примітки

Джерела

 Павлишин С. Композитор-експериментатор // Музика. — 1996. — № 3. — С. 27-28.
 Grabowski W. Portret artysty na jasnym tle // Akcent. Literatura i sztuka. Kwartalnik. — № 1 (119), 2010. — S 152—161.
 Lwowianin laureatem w Lublinie // Cracovia Leopolis. — 2011. — № 1 (65). — S. 49—50.

Посилання

 Євген Ланюк. Доля митця в тоталітарному режимі // Zbruch, 09.05.2013

Польські композитори
Випускники Львівської консерваторії
Уродженці Львова
Музика Львова
Викладачі Люблінського католицького університету
Викладачі Люблінського університету імені Марії Кюрі-Склодовської
Почесні громадяни Любліна

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An outbreak of HIV infections in a rural Indiana county could have been much smaller if public health officials had implemented a more robust surveillance program, according to a new modeling study.
Scott County, a half-hour drive north of Louisville, KY, has only about 24,000 residents. And yet, the county became the epicenter of a major HIV outbreak, beginning when the first patient was diagnosed in November of 2014. Within 2 months, 17 cases had been reported and the state's Department of Health had been called in to investigate. By August of 2015, over 180 new infections were attributed to the HIV outbreak. By 2017, the number had reached 215.
Officials quickly zeroed in on a cause: the opioid epidemic. As more people began injecting drugs, the number of new HIV infections continued to climb.
In a new study analyzing the state's response and modeling the impacts of alternative actions, researchers from Yale University noted that Indiana state law banned new opioid agonist therapies. Syringe exchange programs were also not available. Had the state detected the outbreak in January 2013 and adopted a robust containment strategy, the vast majority of new infections could have been avoided, concluded authors Gregg S. Gonsalves, PhD, and Forrest W. Crawford, PhD, both of Yale University.
Those findings are based on computer modeling and data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The investigators created an interactive model of the HIV outbreak in Scott County that allows users to examine scenarios where response to the HIV outbreak occurred at different points on the timeline. An option to show actual response dates indicates that the peak of HIV incidence had passed before an emergency was declared.
However, there were plenty of early warning signs, the researchers note. Available data suggested injection drug use was increasing as far back as 2004. In 2008, local health officials called for needle exchange programs in response to increased drug use, but the call fell on deaf ears. In 2010 and 2011, the state suffered an outbreak of hepatitis C infections. Again, the incident was not enough to sway state policymakers. In 2013, southeastern Indiana's only HIV testing facility closed, making regular testing much more difficult for residents of Scott County.
After the HIV epidemic began a national story, then-Governor Mike Pence signed legislation allowing counties to set up needle exchange programs if they could demonstrate that a public health emergency existed. However, at the same time he signed the bill to allow needle exchange programs, he signed a second bill that stiffened penalties for possession of a needle with intent to inject drugs. Thus, on the same day it became easier to get clean needles, it also became riskier—those caught attempting to use a needle to inject drugs could now be charged with a felony and face up to 2.5 years in prison.
The study authors argue that states and regions with increasing rates of injection drug use ought to ensure they have sufficient monitoring and treatment programs in place to detect outbreaks like the one in Scott County.
The study, "Dynamics of the HIV outbreak and response in Scott County, IN, USA, 2011–15: a modelling study" was published in The Lancet HIV.


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text:
Sourcing Equity Globally
Published byDiana Greer Modified over 4 years ago
Presentation on theme: "Sourcing Equity Globally"— Presentation transcript:
1 Sourcing Equity Globally
Chapter 12 Sourcing Equity Globally
To implement the goal of gaining access to global capital markets a firm must begin by designing a strategy that will ultimately attract international investors. This would mean identifying and choosing alternative paths to access global markets. This would also require some restructuring of the firm, improving the quality and level of its disclosure, and making its accounting and reporting standards more transparent to potential foreign investors. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
3 Designing a Strategy to Source Equity Globally
Designing a capital sourcing strategy requires that management agree upon a long-run financial objective and then choose among the various alternative paths to get there. Often, this decision making process is aided by an early appointment of an investment bank as an official advisor to the firm. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Most firms raise their initial capital in their own domestic market. However, most firms that have only raised capital in their domestic market are not well known enough to attract foreign investors. Incremental steps to bridge this gap include conducting an international bond offering and/or cross-listing equity shares on more highly liquid foreign stock exchanges. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Depositary receipts (depositary shares) are negotiable certificates issued by a bank to represent the underlying shares of stock, which are held in trust at a foreign custodian bank. American depository receipts (ADRs) are certificates traded in the United States and denominated in US dollars. ADRs are sold, registered, and transferred in the US in the same manner as any share of stock with each ADR representing some multiple of the underlying foreign share (allowing for ADR pricing to resemble conventional US share pricing between $20 and $50 per share). Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
6 Exhibit 12.2 Mechanics of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)
issued by a bank representing underlying shares held by a custodial bank Shares Receipts (ADRs) Publicly traded firm outside the U.S. Receipts for shares listed on U.S. exchange Traded by U.S. investors Shares traded on local stock exchange Shares Arbitrage Activity Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
ADRs can be exchanged for the underlying foreign shares, or vice versa, so arbitrage keeps foreign and US prices of any given share the same after adjusting for transfer costs. ADRs also convey certain technical advantages to US shareholders. While ADRs are quoted only in US dollars and traded only in the US, Global Registered Shares (GRSs) can be traded on equity exchanges around the globe in a variety of currencies. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
8 Foreign Equity Listing and Issuance
A firm must choose one or more stock markets on which to cross-list its shares and sell new equity. Just where to go depends mainly on the firm's specific motives and the willingness of the host stock market to accept the firm. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Cross-listing attempts to accomplish one or more of many objectives: Improve the liquidity of its existing shares and support a liquid secondary market for new equity issues in foreign markets Increase its share price by overcoming mis-pricing in a segmented and illiquid home capital market Increase the firms visibility Establish a secondary market for shares used to acquire other firms Create a secondary market for shares that can be used to compensate local management and employees in foreign subsidiaries Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
10 Effect of Cross-Listing and Equity Issuance on Share Price
Cross-listing may have a favorable impact on share price if the new market values the firm or its industry more than the home market does. It is well known that the combined impact of a new equity issue undertaken simultaneously with a cross-listing has a more favorable impact on stock price than cross-listing alone. Even US firms can benefit by issuing equity abroad as increased investor recognition and participation in the primary and secondary markets results. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
11 Barriers to Cross-Listing and Selling Equity Abroad
There are certainly barriers to cross-listing and/or selling equity abroad. The most serious of these includes the future commitment to providing full and transparent disclosure of operating results and balance sheets as well as a continuous program of investor relations. The US school of thought is that the worldwide trend toward requiring fuller, more transparent, and more standardized financial disclosure of operating results and balance sheet positions may have the desirable effect of lowering the cost of equity capital. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
12 Alternative Instruments to Source Equity in Global Markets
Alternative instruments to source equity in global markets include the following: Sale of a directed public share issue to investors in a target market Sale of a Euroequity public issue to investors in more than one market (foreign and domestic markets) Private placements under SEC Rule 144A Sale of shares to private equity funds Sale of shares to a foreign firm as part of a strategic alliance Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
A directed public share issue is defined as one that is targeted at investors in a single country and underwritten in whole or in part by investment institutions from that country. The issue might or might not be denominated in the currency of the target market. The shares might or might not be cross-listed on a stock exchange in the target market. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
The gradual integration of the world's capital markets and increased international portfolio investment has spawned the emergence of a very viable Euroequity market. A firm can now issue equity underwritten and distributed in multiple foreign equity markets, sometimes simultaneously with distribution in the domestic market. The "Euro" market (a generic term for international securities issues originating and being sold anywhere in the world), was created by the same financial institutions that had previously created an infrastructure for the Euronote and Eurobond markets. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
One type of directed issue with a long history as a source of both equity and debt is the private placement market. A private placement is the sale of a security to a small set of qualified institutional buyers. Since the securities are not registered for sale to the public, investors have typically followed a "buy and hold" policy. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Private equity funds are usually limited partnerships of institutional and wealthy individual investors that raise their capital in the most liquid capital markets. These investors then invest the private equity fund in mature, family-owned firms located in emerging markets. The investment objective is to help these firms to restructure and modernize in order to face increasing competition and the growth of new technologies. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Strategic alliances are normally formed by firms that expect to gain synergies from one or more of the following joint efforts: Sharing the cost of developing technology Gaining economies of scale or scope Financial assistance (lowering of cost of capital through attractively priced debt or equity financing) Copyright © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
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©2009, The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Chapter One Introduction.
Money, Banking & Finance Lecture 1 The Nature of Financial Intermediation K Matthews.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT I AND II
Sourcing Equity and Debt Globally
International Financial Management Vicentiu Covrig 1 International Equity Markets (Eun and Resnick chapter 13)
PRESENTED BY : VISHAL SOIN GDR & EURO BONDS. DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS Depository receipts are instruments issued by international depositories (ODB), and they.
Depositary Receipts Nate Bickley Jaclyn Ng. Agenda Basic Concepts History Basic Issuance Process Types of DR Programs Advantages and Disadvantages Current.
Copyright © 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill /Irwin Chapter One Introduction.
Chapter 14 - Raising Capital in the Financial Markets.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 22 Investment Banks, Security Brokers and Dealers, and Venture Capital Firms.
How Securities are Traded
Chapter 23 Investment Banks and Security Brokers and Dealers.
© 2008 Pearson Education Canada2.1 Chapter 2 An Overview of the Financial System.
1 (of 32) IBUS 302: International Finance Topic 14-International Stock Markets Lawrence Schrenk, Instructor Note: Theses slides incorporate material from.
Chapter The Global Capital Market 11. McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Business, 5/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-0 INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT EUN / RESNICK Second.
INBU 4200: Lecture 8 Sourcing Globally. Important Announcements Project 4: Due Thursday, April 8 th Upcoming "events" Quiz 4: Thursday, April 15 th Exam.
Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT EUN / RESNICK Fourth Edition.