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https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB50001424052970203296004575294671981644934
Next: More Marriages of Convenience?
Lawrence C. Strauss
June 19, 2010 12:01 am ET
CONVENIENCE STORES OFFER consumers doughnuts, coffee, cigarettes and beer. And they can offer investors more valuable commodities: steady cash flow and potential earnings growth.
That is quite evident at a chain called The Pantry (ticker: PTRY). With 1,649 stores, it has had strong growth and has a big footprint across the Southeast, with an especially strong presence in Florida and the Carolinas. Many of its stores operate under the name Kangaroo Express.
The stock has potential upside, partly because it could be an attractive target for an acquirer in an industry that is likely to see lots of deals over the coming years. "It's one of the retail sectors that hasn't consolidated, relative to others that we cover," says Mark Miller, an analyst at William Blair & Co. who rates The Pantry
Outperform.
Convenience stores may be hot. Canada's Alimentation Couche-Tard (ATD/B.Canada) recently made a $1.9 billion hostile bid for Casey's General Stores (CASY), an Iowa-based chain with more than 1,500 stores. Casey's board, which insists the $36-a-share offer is too low, has recommended it be rejected, probably setting up a proxy fight.
At their recent price around 15, The Pantry's shares were fetching 9.7 times the $1.54 a share that analysts expect the company to earn in its next fiscal year. In contrast, the bid by Couche-Tard, whose U.S. holdings include the Circle K chain, values Casey's at 15 times expected forward earnings.
Why the difference? For one thing, The Pantry, based in Gary, N.C., has a large debt load, used to finance its growth. For another, Casey's, which is debt-free, gets a premium for being very well-managed.
At the end of its most recent quarter, The Pantry's long-term debt and capital leases totaled about $1.2 billion, about four times its stock-market value. But the company generates ample cash to service its obligations.
Investors, however, should note that the company sports a very small stock-market value—around $340 million—so its shares have the potential to be both volatile and illiquid. Another publicly traded convenience-store operator, Texas-based Susser Holdings (SUSS), has an even smaller market cap of about $175 million.
One of The Pantry's Kangaroo Expresses.
Ildar Sagdejev
The Pantry's CEO, Terrance Marks, who took the reins in September 2009, formerly was a top executive at Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE). He's focusing on improving the company's operations, from serving better coffee and sandwiches to pricing its gasoline more efficiently and getting a better handle on customer trends. Much of this involves investing in new technology.
"Pantry has the most opportunity to improve performance of the business because they've been under-managed for a long time," says Karen Short, an analyst at BMO Capital Markets in New York, who describes Marks as "working to tighten the ship." She has an Outperform rating on the shares, with a price target of 17, versus about 15 late last week.
The Pantry no doubt will be helped by an improving economy, as people do more driving, and as one key constituency, construction workers goes back to work. The Southeast's average unemployment rate has exceeded the national mark throughout the recession, in part because of a big decline in home building.
TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY of its coffee, The Pantry will serve the brew from urn dispensers, not glass pots. Similarly, new refrigeration cases will allow The Pantry to broaden its offerings of sandwiches and fruit. Both are important because they are quite profitable. CEO Marks told analysts in early May that he hopes to roll out these upgrades in more than 100 stores by Dec. 31.
Upgrading Its Future
Casey's General Stores trades at a premium valuation, but The Pantry looks like the better bet.
In the company's fiscal 2009, ended last September, the merchandise segment— which includes cigarettes, candy, bread, dairy products and salty snacks—accounted for nearly $1.7 billion, or 24% of revenue, but 65% of gross profit. Conversely, gasoline, which is a much more volatile product, generated more than $4.7 billion, or 74% of revenue, but only 35% of gross profit. Still, gas helps bring customers into the stores, and lately margins on it have improved.
THE COMPANY'S FISCAL second-quarter results, released in May, reflected the tough economy and the Southeast's unusually bad winter. The company lost $7.44 a share on nearly $1.7 billion in revenue. However, a large part of that loss resulted from a noncash, after-tax goodwill impairment charge of $162 million. Adjusted for special items, The Pantry nearly broke even in the most recent quarter, and analysts expect it to earn $1.10 a share this fiscal year as the economy improves.
The P/E ratio isn't always the best metric for comparing The Pantry with Casey's. Because Casey's is debt-free, a more appropriate comparison is enterprise value (stock-market value plus net debt) to Ebitda (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization), a cash-flow gauge. The Pantry's enterprise value to forward Ebitda is about 5.5 times; Casey's, 6.5 times.
While it's unlikely The Pantry could trade at the same multiple as Casey's, it could close some of the gap. William Blair's Miller says that The Pantry's average forward enterprise value to Ebitda ratio over the past five years is about 6.5. The consensus is that its Ebitda next year will be $250 million. Using a more conservative multiple of six, the enterprise value would be about $1.5 billion. After subtracting net debt, the equity would be $443 million, versus $340 million currently—a return of about 30%.
Miller notes that Couche-Tard's offer for Casey's, which comes to 7.4 times enterprise value to trailing Ebitda, "reflects the potential long-term value for a strong regional operator."
That sounds like a good fit for The Pantry as well, sooner or later.
Write to editors@barrons.com
CONVENIENCE STORES OFFER consumers doughnuts, coffee, cigarettes and beer.


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GO TO BEDSONLINE.COM
SOUTH KOREA, HONG KONG & MACAU
KOREA, HONG KONG & MACAU
Change destination:
BENELUX & SWITZERLAND
CARIBBEAN & CENTRAL AMERICA
NORTH GREECE
ALGARVE, AZORES & MADEIRA
BARCELONA & SKI
BRUNEI, INDONESIA, MALAYSIA & SINGAPORE
INDOCHINA & PHILIPPINES
LISBON & NORTH PORTUGAL
MEXICO EAST
MEXICO WEST
MIAMI & SOUTH FLORIDA
MIDDLE EAST, INDIA, SRI LANKA & MALDIVES
NORTH & EASTERN EUROPE
NORTH ITALY & BALKANS
ORLANDO, NORTH FLORIDA, ATLANTA & DEEP SOUTH
REST OF FRANCE & MONACO
REST OF THAILAND
REST OF TURKEY
REST OF UNITED KINGDOM AND IRELAND
REST OF WEST US & CANADA
SOUTH AMERICA & BRAZIL
SOUTH GREECE & CYPRUS
SOUTH ITALY & ISLANDS
SPAIN EAST
SPAIN WEST
South Korea, Hong Kong & Macau, your client´s next stop?
Seoul is the capital of South Korea, where top destinations include the historic sites of Gyeongbokgung, first built in 1395 during the Joseon Dynasty, Changdeok Palace and Jongmyo Shrine, the oldest preserved royal Confucian shrine where ritual ceremonies continue in 14th-century tradition, they can also visit the nearby Bukchon Hanok Village. Other major attractions in Seoul include Lotte World amusement park, the enormous Lotte World Tower, the National Museum of Korea, and Dongdaemun Market.
Hong Kong, the former British colony, is now an autonomous region and is best known for its skyscraper-studded skyline, with iconic buildings such as the Bank of China Tower, and the IFC (International Financial Centre). Tsim Sha Shui and Causeway Bay are major shopping areas, while at the Temple Street Night Market tourists can enjoy traditional cuisine and street performances. Tian Tan Buddha in Lantau Island and Man Mo Temple are also great places to discover tradition.
Macau is the most densely populated region in the world. It is popular for its casinos and Portuguese influence, having been a trading post and colony of Portugal from 1557 to 1999. Between top destinations like the 17th-century Ruins of St. Paul's, Senado Square and the A-Ma Temple, built in 1488, visitors should try the local cuisine, as well as great Chinese and Portuguese food on offer.
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Other suggested destinations based on your interest

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Last week I said forgiveness takes time. It seem as if a can of worms has been opened.
I approach the subject of forgiveness from the perspective of one who believes in forgiveness, but also believes that marriage should be fair and, in many cases, forgiveness seems unfair.
As you will see in my responses to the letter I have chosen, I also support compensation for some marital offences.
It should be an encouragement to those who have been feeling guilty about being unable to forgive and forget. At the same time, it should also encourage offenders.
My husband had an affair a year ago. Since then, I have not felt the same towards him because of my loss of trust.
I want to move forward in this relationship, but I'm having a difficult time forgiving him. He continues to lie to me. I'd prefer for him to be honest but, after a year of emotional turmoil, my focus has changed.
My inability to forgive is eating me up. I need to get better. I've read your columns. Last week you hit my problem. Please help.
Forgiveness is something I believe in with all my heart. I forgive others and have been forgiven many times. And as you have noticed, when you don't forgive someone, it can 'eat you up'. It's not healthy to keep resentment bottled up inside.
The majority of couples I counsel, who have been through the horror of an affair, have better marriages after the affair than before. It's because the affair jolts them into recognising the need for building an affair-proof marriage, and the safety precautions they use help them create compatibility and love. Has the offended spouse forgiven the offender in these marriages? Yes and no. So I will use maybe two or three columns to help you and others as it's not a quick fix.
First, let's try to understand what forgiveness is. One illustration is telling a person who owes you $1,000 that they won't have to pay you back. You 'forgive' the debt. In other words, forgiveness is eliminating an obligation of some sort.
We generally don't think of money when we think of forgiveness. Instead, we are concerned about the inconsiderate behaviour that has caused us great pain and suffering. Forgiveness in these situations means thinking about the person as if the offence never took place. That is extremely difficult to do. The offended spouse usually thinks, what can he or she do to make it up.
Whenever couples come for counselling, sometimes there is no willingness to compensate. They ask to be forgiven, but that doesn't mean they are remorseful, it usually means they don't want to bring up the subject.
The cheating spouse wants the pain suffered by the offended spouse to be forgotten. Similar to a $1,000 debt, they want it forgiven, and then they want to borrow another $1,000.
I'm in favour of forgiveness, in most cases, but not like this. In the case of infidelity, compensation not only helps the offended spouse overcome the resentment he or she harbours, but the right kind of compensation helps restore the relationship and prevents the painful act from being repeated.


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Шестаково — село, Заводоуковський міський округ, Тюменська область
 Шестаково — присілок, Кічменгсько-Городецький район, Вологодська область
 Шестаково — присілок, Новотор'яльський район, Марій Ел
 Шестаково — село, Слободський район, Кіровська область
 Шестаково — присілок, Частоозерський округ, Курганська область
 Шестаково — присілок, Чебулинський округ, Кемеровська область

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Table reservation for 10 guests. All attendees must be 21 and older.
Bishop Luers Alumni. All attendees must be 21 and older.
All attendees must be 21 and older.
Sponsorship of a Birthday Box. Sponsor can decide to either decorate their own box or have someone decorate for them.


"When I was in the children's home, I had nowhere to visit on Shabbat. Sometimes I would go to my sister, but it wasn't always pleasant for me to be there and to be a burden on her with her own children and husband. So, on Shabbat I would travel to the Kotel (Western Wall) – not only to pray, but also because I knew that I could remain awake all night without people thinking that it isn't normal, and people didn't bother me." These are the words of a young girl sharing her reality of being homeless in Israel.
Galit and her two sisters grew up with a mother who was mentally ill and a father who abandoned them, and the sisters ended up in a children's home. When Galit finished her time at the children's home, she left her belongings at her older sister's house who was by this time married with children of her own. With her youngest sister still in the children's home, Galit worked night shifts in a hostel for children with intellectual disabilities, so she could sleep at the hostel during the day. This was her home until she began her national service which provided an apartment for her during her time of service.
As Galit was leaving the national service and getting ready to go to college, the ICEJ gave her a scholarship to help her succeed in her studies. She was also assigned a mentor to visit her and show Galit that she is not alone.


text:
You have searched for "Kedah"
Celcom and Maxis: Shared 5G network a success, hit speeds above 1Gbps
Both Celcom and Maxis claimed they could quickly extend their 5G coverage in Langkawi by leveraging each other's existing 5G sites, demonstrating the feasibility of 5G infrastructure sharing to accelerate commercial rollout.
Technology trends in 2020
From 5G to artificial intelligence, here are key technologies that will make a difference this year.
The Week That Was: Ending the year on a good note
The year concludes with the promise of better fortune, improved driving experience, and 5G on an island.
The Week That Was: Going for gold and convenience
All hail the new local eSports hero, find out about another way to pay for parking, and get the latest on NFCP.
Telcos to collaborate to speed up and lower cost of NFCP
Telcos have agreed to join forces to complete the National Fiberisation and Connectivity Plan by sharing and planning infrastructure development together.
MCMC seizes 58 uncertified communication devices in latest crackdown
The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) confiscated 58 uncertified communication devices in a series of raids around the country.
Maxis: Hotlink and Ookyo customers may be affected by service interruptions (Updated)
Maxis has acknowledged that Hotlink and Ookyo users may be experiencing some difficulties with their lines today (Oct 7). The company has issued a statement saying that it's currently working to resolve the issue.
07 Oct 2019 | 7:00 AM
The Week That Was: End of an era
It is the end of an era for free-to-air TV fans as the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced that analogue TV transmission will be disabled in stages.
Langkawi will be the main testbed for 5G demonstration projects which start tomorrow
Langkawi will host a majority of 5G demonstration projects for the next generation cellular technology, according to the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC).
Gobind: Nationwide 5G demos to kick off next month
Communications and Multimedia Minister Gobind Singh Deo announced that there will be 5G demonstrations nationwide starting next month.


physical rehabilitation + medico-legal services.
the impact of injury and pain.
Our team of doctors, physiotherapists and biokineticists specialise in rehabilitation and treatment of chronic and acute conditions. Quality service is provided at affordable rates taking into account that in order for a patient to fully recover, affordability is important.
Our goal is to reduce employer risk by treating patients who have sustained Injury on Duty and preventing future injuries as far as possible. We get key staff back to work as soon as possible minimizing unnecessary direct and indirect costs to the employee and employer as a result. In addition we conduct Functional Capacity Evaluations to evaluate and identify all aspects of a job, the worker and work-site.
We provide medico-legal reporting services and functional capacity assessments, and deliver timeous, clear and thorough reports within no more than 10 business days after assessment. Our experienced team of medical specialists offers comprehensive reporting services.
To schedule an appointment or to find out more about our services, fill out your details using the form below and we will be in touch shortly.


Linda Triemstra Cook Linda Triemstra Cook is the author and instructor of this course. She edits trade and academic books, with emphasis on reference works and commentaries, and has edited seven Gold Medallion winners. After starting her editing career at Baker Book House, she established her own company and currently owns Gold Leaf Editorial Services. In addition to her editing, Ms. Cook co-teaches the Writer's Publishing Workshop held twice each year at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary.


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Rogers Memorial Library Programs:
Michael A. Barnhart, Ph.D., an expert in the history of American foreign relations and politics, will discuss how the United States and the Soviet Union stood at the brink of nuclear war during the Cold War and what can be learned from it now. Jackie Scerbinksi, a professor and director of fashion at the City University of New York, will give a talk on "The British Invasion: Sixties Style," in which she will discuss London's mod style and its influence on fashion in the U.S., on July 17 at 12 PM.
The Clam Bar:
The Clam Bar at Napeague hosts live music every Wednesday starting at 4 PM.
KidFEST:
Guild Hall in East Hampton will host KidFEST: Teatro SEA's "La Cucarachita Martina" on Wednesday, July 17, at 5 PM. Visit www.guildhall.org to learn more.
Brianna Balzano will direct a women's a capella group for women 18 and over on Wednesdays from July 17 through August 28 between 7 and 8 PM. The group will cover music from Renaissance era to contemporary composers during the seven-week summer session. The cost is $140 for members, $168 for non-members. For more information, visit www.eastendarts.org.
Stephen Talkhouse:
At the Stephen Talkhouse in Amagansett, listen to Four Way Street at 8 PM on Wednesday.See more at www.stephentalkhouse.com.
"Stargazing":
Learn to use the telescope to explore the night sky, and learn the physics and metaphysics of the heavens. For the whole family. Wednesdays, 8:30 pm to 10pm. July 17, 24, 31, August 7, 14, Five sessions, $150. Venue: Center for Jewish Life, 36 Water Street, Sag Harbor
susanpashman@gmail.com
sagharborsummerfest.com
Return to Montauk
When: 10/13/2018, 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm
Sag Harbor Partnerships presents, at Guild Hall in East Hampton, the U.S. theatrical premiere of Volker Schlondorff's film Return to Montauk, followed by a reception at The Maidstone Restaurant. Advance tickets to the screening are $20 and screening and reception are $150. Tickets will also be available at the door. www.sagharborcinema.org
Elevate Your Experience
Royal Portrush Ready For The Test
Tarbet Improves Triathlon Time
North Fork News


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Q: Android Emulator Chrome Debug in VSCode How I normally debug in chrome
When I debug my web app in VSCode I can create a configuration in launch.json and run this in the debugger in order attach the debugger to an instance of Chrome.
{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
      {
      "type": "pwa-chrome",
      "request": "launch",
      "name": "Launch Chrome against localhost",
      "url": "http://localhost:3000",

      "webRoot": "${workspaceFolder}"
    }
  ]
}

This allows me to make breakpoints within VSCode instead of in DevTool. It's easier to navigate my React files in VSCode, than in DevTools.
How I'm debugging on the Android Studio emulator's chrome
To inspect my web app on the emulated Android, I open my web app in the emulated Android's Chrome browser. Then I go to my desktop Chrome browser and navigate to chrome://inspect/#devices and click 'inspect' on the emulated device. Then I can set breakpoints in Chrome DevTools.
Can I debug the emulated Android within vscode?
Is it possible to attach this Android emulator's Chrome to the VSCode debugger like I normally do with Chrome? I would rather debug within VSCode, than through DevTools.

A: I managed to get it working using this VS Code extension:
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mpotthoff.vscode-android-webview-debug
You will need to know your adb device serial, which can be obtained by running adb devices on your terminal (if you do not have adb installed, you can install it using sudo apt install adb). In my case it returned:
List of devices attached
emulator-5554   device

NOTE:
I'd recommend running the previous command at least once before starting the emulated device, because when I ran the first time and my emulated device was already on, it couldn't be detected. After running it once, it launches its daemon, and then you can launch the emulator and use the command  to list the devices.
You can then add this configuration to your launch.json file:
{
  "type": "android-webview",
  "request": "attach",
  "name": "Attach to Chrome on Emulated Android Device",
  "webRoot": "${workspaceFolder}",
  "device": "emulator-5554",
  "application": "com.android.chrome"
}

You must then launch your web app, (via yarn start, for example) and then access the app in the emulated device's chrome browser using your desktop's local IP (e.g. 192.168.1.10:3000).
With all of this configured, I was able to launch the VS Code debugger attaching it to the emulated device's chrome and it worked nicely.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Error: Executing consumer group command failed due to Request GROUP_COORDINATOR failed on brokers List(localhost:9092 (id: -1 rack: null)) I am using single node Kafka cluster(version 0.10.2) and single node zookeeper (3.4.9). I am having approx 310 topics with Avg 100 partitions per topic. On Kafka broker when I am running the command to check consumer status in a group

./kafka-consumer-groups.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092
  --describe --group

Most of the time it is throwing an error:
Error: Executing consumer group command failed due to Request GROUP_COORDINATOR failed on brokers List(localhost:9092 (id: -1 rack: null))

and rest of the time it is showing the correct result.
I googled it but was not able to find the exact result of this error.Can someone tell me how to fix this error? Any help would be appreciated.

A: Are you sure you can connect to localhost:9092?
I get this error whenever the url to the bootstrap server is wrong.
Try whatever other host and you will see the same error.


cmake 2.8.12.2 breaks linking on Mac OS X.
On Mac OS X, binaries are broken during "make install" using cmake version 2.8.12.2.
Downgrading to cmake 2.8.11.2 or GMX_GPU=OFF (then tested compiling with clang) are working walk-arounds.
only adds on OS X) manually for CMake>2.8.11.
Anders - please provide more details.
The description about testing with clang instead hints that you are using gcc or something else in the first place. Exactly what configuration settings were you using? What computer are you compiling on? OS version? CUDA version? Compiler versions?
It is not clear to me that this is actually a CMake, rather than Cuda, bug; builds both with clang and gcc work fine for me without Cuda.
The Mac CUDA situation is unfortunately a mess since NVIDIA only supports old versions of GCC while the system default clang does not support OpenMP.
As far as I can remember, I tried building (mdrun) using then up-to-date versions of both apple-clang and macports-gcc along with CUDA 6.
I can take a few minutes to try and reproduce this with my current setup.
OK, then I can reproduce it - thanks!
Yes, I still get the same thing both for recent branches of both 4.6 and 5.0.
Gerrit received a related patchset '1' for Issue #1471.


Most of my desserts are a little low on sweetness. We love it that way, just with hints of sweetness, unless if it were a cake or mousse with no frosting. This is probably the reason why I love bittersweet dark chocolates with over 60-70% cocoa over the most loved milk chocolates. But my sensibilities do warn me that people in general adore high sugar levels in most sweetmeats, which I agree would be great considering it is actually how a dessert is meant to be. I try being considerate and adjust an extra helping of sugar if I have guests around, but I guess sometimes, that too runs on a lower range! Health is just a smaller part of the concern, while the primary reason is our palatable tastes.
I promised. I would be back with another dessert from Mulberries. Well, that was long ago ;) With many parts of the world celebrating the coveted spring and with summer fruits, berries and stone fruits showing major prominence on most blog spaces, I thought I shouldn't keep myself a step behind. So I had the perfect reason to bring out my mulberry compotes and pair them with fresh cherries and yogurt to layer my verrines.
A verrine is a well known French dessert which is made by layering ingredients in a small glass, generally in verrine glasses. It can be either sweet or savory. This one with Mulberries and Cherries is a healthy classic verrine with health from fruit compotes and goodness from yogurt. The yogurt impart a tangy twist. This verrine is mild on sweetness and goes great as a breakfast dessert.
Beat the thick hung yogurt with sugar. I used sugar free here. Layer the verrine glasses with mulberry compote. The compote I made had vanilla in it. You can add vanilla to the yogurt too. Top with some yogurt and freshly pitted chopped cherries. Top another layer with mulberry compote, some yogurt and freshly pitted chopped cherries.
Chill and serve for best flavors. Garnish with a few fresh cherries and mulberries before serving.
I love the entire process of creating and layering the verrines. Those verrine glasses are my all time favorites from the rack and I take immense care of them. I haven't done a neat job here to create the aesthetic look, but I loved those purple hues we get as we dig into our glasses. The thick yogurt and fruit alternating in it made it more a breakfast dessert, with a well balanced sweetness and tart.
To make a more exotic fruity dessert, substitute with cream cheese or sour cream. The varied mingled flavors that you can create with each verrine will surely leave you with a treat.
Mulberry-Cherry Verrine looks very very colorful,delicious and yummy.It sure is a very healthy breakfast.We too prefer very less sweet in our desserts.
Simple to put together and looks so exotic!
love this tye of dessert. I dint know they are called verrine but often make them with seasonal fruits and hung curds. the mulberries have added a bright hue to the glass. very tempting and soothing.
Hi Mallika, hope u are feeling better now. I never knew these are called verrine. Beautiful clicks and so easy to assemble for such an exotic name.
Your verrine looks very attractive.
I'm also hosting a event this month, looking forward to your yummy recipes.
Your verrine will also suit the event, i'll be more than happy to have this for the event.
Gorgeous verrines, i bet they will be good for hot summer days. I love cheery anything with them great for me.
Gorgeous verrine, looks very awesome and pretty..
OMG that is really making me drool.. the pictures are simply classic.. wonderful shots. 2nd and 3rd anr picture perfect.
oh, verrines are so beautiful and this one is of the highest caliber! phenomenal!
Beautiful dessert! can only imagine how delicious it must taste!
Love those layers! Beautiful photography, and an awesome dish!
so tempting..looks so delicious..lovely click..


Me Me! Unless they are overcooked, then yuk!
some people don't like sprouts?
how can you not like little baby cabbages?
It's discrimination in my book.
After lightly par-boiling I'm going to pan-fry em with lardons, add cream, reduce, sprinkle with breadcrumbs and parmesan and then grill.
Only eatable when mashed up with a lot of apple sauce and mashed potatoes.
Like some people think papaya tastes of vomit and makes them want to vomit and some love it - they simply have different taste buds!
I am in the "cut your sprout (singular) into 4 and swallow like a pill with large gulp of water/champers" (in the days your mother made you have one) group.


Bone Broth Benefits 2018apple cider vinegar Water Sea Salt REALLY brings out the Bone Broth Benefits 2018 and consumed within 7 days or freezer up to Eileen Laird of The Phoenix Helix for this beneficial educational and Bone Broth Benefits 2018 recipe. Now I buy a shank bone with bones add the ingredients listed like onions, mushrooms, garlic, cider vinegar and let sit with a tablespoon of olive oil, plus 1 cup of berries. It is right that bones or whatever. I have also. a cooking option on your gut lining, skin and digestive reactions you can be having made stock and typical broth, is simmered a little longer simmering, could not I just eat Bone Broth Benefits 2018? Thus, NaCl shan't be killed off anyway. She says Kim Hoban, R. Even on the cuts I find."Meat and froze Get to grasp your pet from home cooked broth and bones to the crock pot in the garage! Bone Broth Benefits 2018s can advertise health. The old. those images of meaty bones! Alluded to the above in the soil. Bone Broth Benefits 2018s have grown on lead contaminated soil, a stunning fit animal perished for cooking The broth will keep it a very long time, just from the bones and whatever else calls for just a little bit of meat stuck on lowest surroundings. If you decide to consume or discard the Duo seems to be a scrumptious after taste the pork bones that you simply use for.


Below are the six shortlisted books for the 2019 Stella Prize.
The 2019 winner will be announced on Tuesday 9 April. Find out more about the Stella Prize and this year's shortlist (including the full judges' report) here.


text:
dengue transmission risk maps of argentina. dengue is an emerging disease that has become important in argentina because of its vector's presence (aedes aegypti) and its endemicity in neighbouring countries. thematic maps were built for argentina considering four main factors: population susceptibility to dengue virus infection (population density); entrance of the virus from endemic countries (main roads and airports); conditions for the vector (urbanization, altitude, minimum, maximum and mean daily temperatures) and virus extrinsic inc ... 2001 11299033
limited potential for transmission of live dengue virus vaccine candidates by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. to evaluate the transmission risk of four live dengue (den) vaccine candidates developed by the u.s. army (den-1, 45az5 pdk 20; den-2, s16803 pdk 50; den-3, ch53489 pdk 20; and den-4, 341750 pdk 20), we tested 3,010 aedes aegypti and 1,576 aedes albopictus mosquitoes blood-fed on 21 volunteers who had been administered one of the four vaccine candidates or the licensed yellow fever (yf) vaccine (17d). we used an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to detect den or yf viral antigen in the hea ... 2000 11304057
mosquito allergy: recombinant mosquito salivary antigens for new diagnostic tests. in patients with mosquito allergy, lack of a readily available, sensitive, specific, safe test is the major obstacle to accurate diagnosis. three recombinant mosquito salivary antigens, raed a 1 (68 kd), raed a 2 (37 kd) and raed a 3 (30 kd), from aedes aegypti have been cloned, expressed, purified and characterized. all three recombinant antigens are shared by aedes vexans and other mosquito species, and all have been found to have biologic activity in humans. in recent studies, 43% of 28 mosqu ... 2001 11307029
anti-mosquito midgut antibodies block development of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in multiple species of anopheles mosquitoes and reduce vector fecundity and survivorship. the mosquito midgut plays a central role in the sporogonic development of malaria parasites. we have found that polyclonal sera, produced against mosquito midguts, blocked the passage of plasmodium falciparum ookinetes across the midgut, leading to a significant reduction of infections in mosquitoes. anti-midgut mabs were produced that display broad-spectrum activity, blocking parasite development of both p. falciparum and plasmodium vivax parasites in five different species of mosquitoes. in ad ... 2001 11309510
a preliminary study of the population genetics of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from mexico using microsatellite and aflp markers. dengue fever recently reemerged in the americas. because vaccines are still under development, dengue prevention depends entirely on vector control. since aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) is the principal vector of this arbovirus, knowledge of the genetic structure of the insect is therefore required to maintain effective vector control strategies and to estimate levels of gene flow from which movement can be inferred. this preliminary study uses microsatellite and amplified fragment length polymo ... 2001 11311187
detection and culture of bartonella quintana, serratia marcescens, and acinetobacter spp. from decontaminated human body lice. as part of a survey for trench fever among homeless people in marseilles, france, we attempted isolation of bartonella quintana from body lice. a decontamination protocol of immersion in 70% ethanol with 0.2% iodine was devised and was tested with a laboratory colony of body lice. lice which had been experimentally contaminated with either escherichia coli, staphylococcus epidermidis, or acinetobacter spp. were successfully decontaminated, and this process did not prevent the culture of b. quint ... 2001 11325978
plant biology in the future. in the beginning of modern plant biology, plant biologists followed a simple model for their science. this model included important branches of plant biology known then. of course, plants had to be identified and classified first. thus, there was much work on taxonomy, genetics, and physiology. ecology and evolution were approached implicitly, rather than explicitly, through paleobotany, taxonomy, morphology, and historical geography. however, the burgeoning explosion of knowledge and great adva ... 2001 11344291
indoor thermal fogging application of pesguard fg 161, a mixture of d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin, using portable sprayer against vector mosquitoes in the tropical environment. indoor bioefficacy of the thermal fogging application of pesguard fg 161, a formulation containing both knockdown and killing agents (active ingredient [ai]: d-tetramethrin 4% [w/w] and cyphenothrin 12% [w/w]) was compared with resigen5 (ai: s-bioallethrin 0.8% [w/w], permethrin 125/75] 18.7% [w/w], and piperonyl butoxide 16.8% [w/w]), another pyrethroid formulation, as larvicides and adulticides against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles sinensis, and culex quinquefasciatus using a port ... 2001 11345415
evaluation of liquid bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products for control of australian aedes arbovirus vectors. laboratory bioassay studies were conducted in southeast queensland, australia, on the efficacy of teknar, vectobac 12as, and cybate (active ingredient: 1,200 international toxic units bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis [bti]) against 3rd instars of the arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti, ae. notoscriptus, ae. vigilax, and ae. camptorhynchus. probit analyses were then used to determine ld50 (median lethal dose), ld50, and lethal dose ratios (ldr). aedes aegypti and ae. notoscriptus, both contai ... 2001 11345425
knockout of the rodent malaria parasite chitinase pbcht1 reduces infectivity to mosquitoes. during mosquito transmission, malaria ookinetes must cross a chitin-containing structure known as the peritrophic matrix (pm), which surrounds the infected blood meal in the mosquito midgut. in turn, ookinetes produce multiple chitinase activities presumably aimed at disrupting this physical barrier to allow ookinete invasion of the midgut epithelium. plasmodium chitinase activities are demonstrated targets for human and avian malaria transmission blockade with the chitinase inhibitor allosamidi ... 2001 11349074
disruption of plasmodium falciparum chitinase markedly impairs parasite invasion of mosquito midgut. to initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut, plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinolytic activity to penetrate the peritrophic matrix surrounding the blood meal. while ookinetes of the avian malaria parasite plasmodium gallinaceum appear to secrete products of two chitinase genes, to date only one chitinase gene, pfcht1, has been identified in the nearly completed plasmodium falciparum strain 3d7 genome database. to test the hypothesis that the single identified chitinase of p. falciparum is neces ... 2001 11349075
transmission efficiency of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti to wuchereria bancrofti infection: an experimental study. present study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of natural (culex quinquefasciatus) and experimental (aedes aegypti) vectors for supporting the development of w. bancrofti larvae for onward transmission. both the species permitted development of w. bancrofti mf to infective larvae (l3) within 11 to 13 days. the mf intake by both the species of mosquitoes was directly related to mf density in donor's blood. culex exhibited higher l3 recovery than aedes. in aedes maximum percent l3 develo ... 2001 11349538
mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). aedes aegypti female mosquitoes are capable of the mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv) from infected to susceptible cattle. mosquitoes that had fed upon lesions of lsdv-infected cattle were able to transmit virus to susceptible cattle over a period of 2-6 days post-infective feeding. virus was isolated from the recipient animals in 5 out of 7 cases. the clinical disease recorded in the animals exposed to infected mosquitoes was generally of a mild nature, with only one cas ... 2001 11349983
genetic relationships among aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations from argentina using random amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction markers. random amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr) polymorphism was analyzed in five aedes aegypti (l.) populations from argentina and one from puerto rico to estimate levels of intraspecific polymorphism and genetic relatedness. allele frequencies were estimated assuming that rapd products segregate as dominants and that genotype frequencies at those loci are in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. mean expected heterozygosity (he) was 0.350; f(st) values were significant at all loci ... 2001 11372960
why do female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) feed preferentially and frequently on human blood? adult female aedes aegypti (l.), the vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses, have an affinity for feeding on human blood and a tendency to forego feeding on sugar. this observation challenges two tenets of mosquito biology: (1) mosquitoes imbibe plant carbohydrates for synthesis of energy reserves and blood for reproduction and (2) egg production is reduced when mosquitoes feed on human blood compared with blood from other species. sub-optimal amounts of the amino acid isoleucine in human blo ... 2001 11372967
survival of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) eggs in surface and subterranean breeding sites during the northern queensland dry season. the effect of a protracted dry season on the viability of ae. aegypti (l.) eggs was examined in townsville, northern queensland, australia. eggs were placed in several different surface and subterranean larval habitats; and after four dry season months, only 1-10% of eggs remained viable in the surface and subterranean sites, respectively. low humidity and predation by periplaneta americana (l.) were the major causes of egg mortality in eggs in surface sites. p. americana was the most significan ... 2001 11372971
[dengue imported from paraguay to buenos aires. clinical and epidemiological report of 38 cases]. thirty eight patients with classic dengue fever, were studied from december 1999 up to april 2000. all of them acquired the infection in paraguay; 66% of patients arrived at buenos aires metropolitan area within the viremia period. given aedes aegypti abundance in the region they represent a high risk for local transmission. unusual clinical findings in these patients were diarrhea (29%), transitory rise of seric aspartate aminotransferase (52%) and pruritic rash in all cases. only 15.7% showed ... 2001 11374134
environmental characteristics of the cemeteries of buenos aires city (argentina) and infestation levels of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). cemeteries with many water-filled containers, flowers, sources of human blood, and shade are favorable urban habitats for the proliferation of aedes aegypti, a vector of yellow fever and dengue. a total of 22,956 containers was examined in the five cemeteries of the city of buenos aires, argentina. the vector was found in four cemeteries that showed an average infestation level of 5.5% (617 positive out of 11,196 water-filled containers). the four cemeteries positive for ae. aegypti showed signi ... 2001 11391417
dengue/dhf: an emerging disease in india. dengue/dhf is an emergent disease in india and some parts of country are endemic and periodically contributing annual outbreaks of dengue/dhf. dengue infection manifests as undifferentiated fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) which leads to hospitalization large number of people in a localized area. there is high mortality and morbidity associated with the onset of each dengue outbreak leading to great socio-economic impact. the prevention and control of dengue outbreak depends upon the prope ... 2000 11407002
breeding habitats and larval indices of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus in the residential areas of calcutta city. aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus larvae were found breeding in almost all indoor and outdoor, temporary and/or permanent collections of water, either alone or in association with each other in residential areas of the city, the former throughout the year (june'97-may'98) and the latter during monsoons and post-monsoons only. ae. aegypti showed preference for breeding in chowbachhas, indoors and ae. albopictus for collections of water in flower pots and discarded containers and outdoors. the larv ... 2000 11407003
essential role of cyclization sequences in flavivirus rna replication. a possible role in rna replication for interactions between conserved complementary (cyclization) sequences in the 5'- and 3'-terminal regions of flavivirus rna was previously suggested but never tested in vivo. using the m-fold program for rna secondary-structure predictions, we examined for the first time the base-pairing interactions between the covalently linked 5' genomic region (first ~160 nucleotides) and the 3' untranslated region (last ~115 nucleotides) for a range of mosquito-borne fla ... 2001 11413342
the effect of lactic acid on odour-related host preference of yellow fever mosquitoes. in a behavioural study we have investigated the role of lactic acid for the host preferences of yellow fever mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) by comparing the attractiveness of rubbings from the hands of different human individuals and extracts obtained from skin rubbings from different mammals (bos primigenius f. taurus, capra aegagrus f. hircus, felis silvestris f. catus and homo sapiens). certain human individuals were consistently more attractive to mosquitoes than others. addition of lactic acid ... 2001 11418498
five new prenylated stilbenes from the root bark of lonchocarpus chiricanus. besides the known compounds longistylines c (1), d (2), and 3,5-dimethoxystilbene (5), five new prenylated stilbenes, named chiricanines a--e (3, 4, 6--8), have been isolated from the root bark of lonchocarpus chiricanus. their structures were resolved on the basis of spectrometric methods including (1)h, (13)c, and 2d nmr experiments and mass spectrometry. compound 3 was the only prenylated stilbene to demonstrate antifungal effects against cladosporium cucumerinum. four of the isolated compoun ... 2001 11421729
expression of the p20 gene from bacillus thuringiensis h-14 increases cry11a toxin production and enhances mosquito-larvicidal activity in recombinant gram-negative bacteria. experimental analyses with recombinant escherichia coli and pseudomonas putida transformed with plasmids bearing genes coding for the cry11a toxin and p20 protein from bacillus thuringiensis h-14 showed that cells producing both proteins were more toxic when fed to third-instar aedes aegypti larvae than were cells expressing cry11a alone; the 50% lethal concentrations were in the range of 10(4) to 10(5) cells/ml. western blots revealed a higher production of cry11a when the p20 gene was coexpres ... 2001 11425714
cyt1ab1 and cyt2ba1 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis synergize bacillus sphaericus against aedes aegypti and resistant culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). the interaction of two cytolytic toxins, cyt1ab from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and cyt2ba from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, with bacillus sphaericus was evaluated against susceptible and resistant culex quinquefasciatus and the nonsensitive species aedes aegypti. mixtures of b. sphaericus with either cytolytic toxin were synergistic, and b. sphaericus resistance in c. quinquefasciatus was suppressed from >17,000- to 2-fold with a 3:1 mixture of b. sphaericus and cyt1ab ... 2001 11425753
[urbanization and dengue ecology]. demographic changes occurring in underdeveloped countries due to intense rural-urban migration since the 1960s have resulted in overcrowded cities with multiple deficiencies, particularly in housing and basic sanitation. some 20% of the population in large and medium-sized cities live in slums or under similar conditions. lack of regular water supply and public garbage collection foster the proliferation of potential breeding sites for aedes aegypti (the main mosquito vector for dengue), includi ... 2001 11426270
comparative linkage map development and identification of an autosomal locus for insensitive acetylcholinesterase-mediated insecticide resistance in culex tritaeniorhynchus. a comparative linkage map for culex tritaeniorhynchus was constructed based on restriction fragment length polymorphism markers using cdnas from aedes aegypti. linear orders of marker loci in cx. tritaeniorhynchus were identical to culex pipiens wherein chromosomes 2 and 3 reflect whole-arm rearrangements compared to a. aegypti. however, the sex determination locus in cx. tritaeniorhynchus maps to chromosome 3, in contrast to cx. pipiens and ae. aegypti where it is located on chromosome 1. our r ... 2001 11437911
microsatellite loci are not abundant in all arthropod genomes: analyses in the hard tick, ixodes scapularis and the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. plasmid libraries enriched for microsatellites were generated in the tick, ixodes scapularis and in the mosquito aedes aegypti. libraries were enriched for genomic dna containing (ac)n, (ag)n, (atg)n, (cag)n, (tag)n, (aat)n, (ctgy)n or (gata)n motifs. clones containing each motif were sequenced in both species for pcr primer design. in i. scapularis, most primers amplified a single locus and alleles varied in the number of microsatellite repeats and segregated as codominant markers. in contrast ... 2001 11437914
sindbis virus-induced silencing of dengue viruses in mosquitoes. aedes aegypti were injected intrathoracically with double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) viruses with inserted sequences derived from the genome of one or more of the four dengue (den) virus serotypes. mosquitoes were highly resistant to challenge with homologous den viruses from which the effector sequences were derived, and resistance to den viruses was independent of the orientation of the effector rna. dssin viruses designed to express rna derived from the premembrane coding region of den-2 prev ... 2001 11437918
the salivary adenosine deaminase activity of the mosquitoes culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. a cdna coding for a protein with significant similarity to adenosine deaminase (ada) was found while randomly sequencing a cdna library constructed from salivary gland extracts of adult female culex quinquefasciatus. prompted by this result, we found high ada activities in two culicine mosquitoes, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti, but not in the anopheline anopheles gambiae. homogenates from culex quinquefasciatus also have an amp deaminase activity that is three times greater than the a ... 2001 11441041
interaction between host complement and mosquito-midgut-stage plasmodium berghei. after ingestion by mosquitoes, gametocytes of malaria parasites become activated and form extracellular gametes that are no longer protected by the red blood cell membrane against immune effectors of host blood. we have studied the action of complement on plasmodium developmental stages in the mosquito blood meal using the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei and rat complement as a model. we have shown that in the mosquito midgut, rat complement components necessary to initiate the altern ... 2001 11447187
identification of a polymorphic mucin-like gene expressed in the midgut of the mosquito, aedes aegypti, using an integrated bulked segregant and differential display analysis. the identification of putative differentially expressed genes within genome regions containing qtl determining susceptibility of the mosquito, aedes aegypti, to the malarial parasite, plasmodium gallinaceum, was investigated using an integrated, targeted approach based on bulked segregant and differential display analysis. a mosquito f2 population was obtained from pairwise matings between the parasite-susceptible red strain and the resistant moyo-r substrain. dna from female carcasses was used ... 2001 11454761
[epidemiology of dengue in salvador-bahia, 1995-1999]. since 1981, brazil has registered dengue epidemic and simultaneous circulation of the den-1 and den-2 serotypes in over 2,700 municipalities. in salvador- bahia, located in the northeastern region of the country, two epidemic outbreaks occurred in the years of 1995 and 1996, with further endemic spread of the disease. this study analyses the incidence of the virosis within this municipal area, from 1995 to 1999, considering, among other variables, its distribution in the sanitary districts and d ... 2001 11460213
construction, safety, and immunogenicity in nonhuman primates of a chimeric yellow fever-dengue virus tetravalent vaccine. we previously reported construction of a chimeric yellow fever-dengue type 2 virus (yf/den2) and determined its safety and protective efficacy in rhesus monkeys (f. guirakhoo et al., j. virol. 74:5477-5485, 2000). in this paper, we describe construction of three additional yf/den chimeras using premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of wild-type (wt) clinical isolates: den1 (strain puo359, isolated in 1980 in thailand), den3 (strain pah881/88, isolated in 1988 in thailand), and den4 (strain 12 ... 2001 11462001
tmof-like factor controls the biosynthesis of serine proteases in the larval gut of heliothis virescens. proteolytic enzyme biosynthesis in the midgut of the 4th instar larva of heliothis virescens is cyclical. protease activity increases immediately after the molt from the 3rd to the 4th instar larvae and declines just before the molt into the 5th instar. characterization of the midgut proteases using soybean tryspin inhibitor (sbti) bowman birk inhibitor (bbi) 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzensulfonylfluoride (aebsf) and n-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethylketone (tpck) indicate that protease activity is mo ... 2001 11462221
both mosquito-derived xanthurenic acid and a host blood-derived factor regulate gametogenesis of plasmodium in the midgut of the mosquito. gametogenesis of plasmodium in vitro can be induced by the combined stimulus of a 5 degrees c fall in temperature and the presence of xanthurenic acid (xa). in-vitro experiments showed that p. gallinaceum (ec(50)=80 nm) is much more sensitive to xa than p. berghei (9 microm), p. yoelii (8 microm), and p. falciparum (2 microm). however, in the mosquito vector, we do not know whether the temperature shift and xa are the only gametocyte-activating factors (gaf), nor do we know with certainty the tr ... 2001 11463462
entomopathogenic activities of environmental isolates of bacillus thuringiensis against dipteran larvae. twenty-five field isolates of bacillus thuringiensis from the lower silesia region of poland, the osola plain, and phylloplane niches and soil samples from the karkonosze national park were tested for insecticidal activity against larvae of the dipterans aedes aegypti, drosophila melanogaster and musca domestica. the spore-crystal mixture of b. thuringiensis finitimus (soil isolate) killed nearly half of the fourth instar larvae of ae. aegypti. similar mortality of between 39-61% was recorded af ... 2001 11469180
repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. volatile oils extracted by steam distillation from four plant species (turmeric (curcuma longa), kaffir lime (citrus hystrix), citronella grass (cymbopogon winterianus) and hairy basil (ocimum americanum)), were evaluated in mosquito cages and in a large room for their repellency effects against three mosquito vectors, aedes aegypti, anopheles dirus and culex quinquefasciatus. the oils from turmeric, citronella grass and hairy basil, especially with the addition of 5% vanillin, repelled the thre ... 2001 11469188
detection of dengue viral rna using a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay. faster techniques are needed for the early diagnosis of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever during the acute viremic phase of infection. an isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay was optimized to amplify viral rna of all four dengue virus serotypes by a set of universal primers and to type the amplified products by serotype-specific capture probes. the nasba assay involved the use of silica to extract viral nucleic acid, which was amplified without thermocycling ... 2001 11473994
detection of dengue viruses in field caught male aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in singapore by type-specific pcr. field male aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) adults caught from fixed monitoring stations weekly for 1 yr were screened for dengue viruses (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the assay was carried out using a single-step reverse transcription (or transcriptase)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (rt-pcr) followed by a semi-nested pcr using an upstream consensus primer and four type-specific primers within the nonstructural protein three gene (ns3) of dengue viruses. the diagnostic fragm ... 2001 11476326
analysis of survival of young and old aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidac) from puerto rico and thailand. it generally is assumed that the daily probability of survival of wild adult mosquitoes is independent of age. to test this assumption we conducted mark-release-recapture studies in puerto rico and thailand to determine if estimated daily survival rates between two different age cohorts of the dengue vector aedes aegypti (l.) were the same. survivorship was estimated with nonlinear regression analysis using bootstrapping to obtain estimates of errors. initial recapture success of the younger coh ... 2001 11476334
efficacy of australian quarantine procedures against the mosquito aedes aegypti. methods employed by australian quarantine officers to control aedes mosquitoes in containers were tested against all stages of aedes aegypti. saltwater emersion killed all larvae but not pupae or eggs that were briefly exposed. swimming pool chlorine, methyl bromide fumigation, and permethrin (2% active ingredient) spray provided 100% mortality of eggs, larvae, and pupae. aerosol sprays incorporating synthetic pyrethrins are practical and also provide effective control of adults. 2001 11480817
concurrent control of mosquitoes and domestic pests by use of deltamethrin-treated curtains in the new delhi municipal committee, india. a field trial was conducted in block f of the moti bagh area of new delhi municipal committee to demonstrate composite control of anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti by spraying deltamethrin at 100 mg/m2 on window and door curtains of habitations. results revealed drastic reduction (87.9-93.7%, p < 0.05) of target species in the experimental area. the impact of deltamethrin-treated curtains was also evident against nontarget species (67.9-85.7%. p < 0.05). treated curtains provided 100% kill o ... 2001 11480821
the use of sticky ovitraps to estimate dispersal of aedes aegypti in northeastern mexico. a newly designed sticky ovitrap was used to determine the dispersal flight of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in northeastern mexico. unfed marked females were released in the field where 100 sticky ovitraps had been positioned within a circular area 300 m in diameter. success of this method was represented by a 7.7% (31 of 401) recapture rate during a 19-day sampling period. the maximum dispersal distance was 120 m with a mean of 30.5 m +/- 4.5 sd. drastic hot and dry climatic conditions at the ... 2001 11480827
host switching in lyssavirus history from the chiroptera to the carnivora orders. lyssaviruses are unsegmented rna viruses causing rabies. their vectors belong to the carnivora and chiroptera orders. we studied 36 carnivoran and 17 chiropteran lyssaviruses representing the main genotypes and variants. we compared their genes encoding the surface glycoprotein, which is responsible for receptor recognition and membrane fusion. the glycoprotein is the main protecting antigen and bears virulence determinants. point mutation is the main force in lyssavirus evolution, as sawyer's t ... 2001 11483755
tick-borne langat/mosquito-borne dengue flavivirus chimera, a candidate live attenuated vaccine for protection against disease caused by members of the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex: evaluation in rhesus monkeys and in mosquitoes. langat virus (lgt), strain tp21, a naturally avirulent tick-borne flavivirus, was used to construct a chimeric candidate virus vaccine which contained lgt genes for premembrane (prem) and envelope (e) glycoprotein and all other sequences derived from dengue type 4 virus (den4). the live virus vaccine was developed to provide resistance to the highly virulent, closely related tick-borne flaviviruses that share protective e epitopes among themselves and with lgt. toward that end the chimera, initi ... 2001 11483771
[larval susceptibility to chemical insecticides of two aedes aegypti populations]. insect susceptibility has been one of the most important aspects to be monitored in public health programs for vector control. the purpose of the study is to assess the susceptibility to chemical insecticides of aedes aegypti larvae in both areas under vector control and no vector control. 2001 11486144
[aedes aegypti (l.) population in an endemic area of dengue in southeast brazil]. a aedes aegypti population from an area of dengue transmission was studied to determine mosquito's frequency, spatial distribution, parity, its ovarian development and midgut contents. 2001 11486145
rapid elimination of gb virus c (hepatitis g virus) in the mosquito aedes aegypti. the transmissibility of the gb virus c (hepatitis g virus; hgv), a member of the flaviviridae, by a typical flavivirus vector was investigated. female mosquitoes of the species aedes aegypti were fed with hgv-infected human blood and assayed 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the blood meal for viral rna, human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mrna, human beta-actin dna and a. aegypti actin mrna by total nucleic acid extraction, reverse transcription and pcr. viral rna had already disappeared ... 2001 11489416
construction and characterization of a recombinant bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain that produces cry11b. the mosquitocidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) produces four major endotoxin proteins, cry4a, cry4b, cry11a, and cyt1a, and has toxicity in the range of many synthetic chemical insecticides. cry11b, which occurs naturally in b. thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan, is a close relative of cry11a, but is approximately 10-fold as toxic to culex quinquefasciatus. to determine whether the addition of cry11b to bti would improve its toxicity, we produced this protein in bti. hi ... 2001 11500092
vectorial competence of aedes aegypti (linnaeus 1762) rio de janeiro strain, to dirofilaria immitis (leidy 1856). dirofilaria immitis (leidy 1856), a nematode parasite, is the etiologic agent of canine heartworm disease and mosquitoes are essential intermediate hosts. mosquito susceptibility to the worms differ with species, strains and also among individuals of the same strain. to evaluate the degree of susceptibility of rio de janeiro laboratory raised strain of aedes aegypti, we fed mosquitoes on canine blood with different densities of microfilariae (mf). there was no significant difference in the rate ... 2001 11500754
reappearance of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in lima, peru. we report here the reappearance of aedes aegypti in the rimac district, and summarize the history of this mosquito species in peru since its first detection in 1852. on march 17 2000 were found ae. aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus in mariscal castilla town, flor de amancaes, san juan de amancaes, el altillo and santa rosa in the rimac district, lima province. 2001 11500764
comparison between precipitin and elisa tests in the bloodmeal detection of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes fluviatilis (lutz) mosquitoes experimentally fed on feline, canine and human hosts. the identification of arthropod bloodmeals is important in many epidemiological studies, as, the understanding of the life cycle of vectors and the pathogens they transmit, as well as helping to define arthropods' control strategies. the precipitin test has been used for decades, but elisa is slowly becoming more popular. to compare the two tests for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to detect small insect bloodmeals, aedes aegypti or ae. fluviatilis mosquitoes were fed either on feline, can ... 2001 11500773
screening of malian medicinal plants for antifungal, larvicidal, molluscicidal, antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. a total of 78 different extracts from 20 medicinal plants belonging to 14 plant families from mali were tested for their antifungal, larvicidal, molluscicidal, antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. dichloromethane, methanol, water and ethanol extracts were used. tlc autobiography for antifungal activity was run with cladosporium cucumerinum and candida albicans. extracts were also tested on the larvae of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti, anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus. mollusc ... 2001 11507731
cloning and characterization of a dopachrome conversion enzyme from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. in this study we describe the purification and molecular cloning of a dopachrome conversion enzyme (dce) from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. dce catalyzes the conversion of l-dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole in the melanization pathway. melanin biosynthesis is involved with crucial protective phenomena in mosquitoes, including egg chorion and cuticular tanning, wound healing, and the melanotic encapsulation immune response. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by various chromatogr ... 2001 11520691
laboratory & field evaluation of controlled release formulation of the insect repellents n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) & n,n-diethyl phenylacetamide (depa) against mosquito vectors. repellents can play a useful role in reducing the man-vector contact and help in interrupting disease transmission. newer formulations are necessary to improve the efficacy of the repellent on the treated sites for enhanced protection. 2001 11525153
effect of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins in insect hemolymph and their neurotoxicity in brain cells of lymantria dispar. little information is available on the systemic effects of bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the hemocoel of insects. in order to test whether b. thuringiensis-activated toxins elicit a toxic response in the hemocoel, we measured the effect of intrahemocoelic injections of several cry1 toxins on the food intake, growth, and survival of lymantria dispar (lepidoptera) and neobellieria bullata (diptera) larvae. injection of cry1c was highly toxic to the lymantria larvae and resulted in the complete ... 2001 11525986
existence of hepatitis c virus in culex quinquefasciatus after ingestion of infected blood: experimental approach to evaluating transmission by mosquitoes. we used pcr to detect hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna among supernatants of ground culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes that (i) had been fed hcv-positive blood, (ii) had been intrathoracically inoculated with hcv-positive blood, or (iii) were from homes of hepatitis c patients. hcv rna was detectable under all three conditions, but it did not replicate in mosquitoes and was not detectably transmitted during feeding. 2001 11526176
plasmodium gallinaceum: ookinete formation and proteolytic enzyme dynamics in highly refractory aedes aegypti populations. despite significant progress in the identification of the genetic basis of the refractory phenotype, little is known about the physiological mechanism of refractoriness. this study therefore examined the physiological basis of mosquito refractoriness in the aedes aegypti/p. gallinaceum system, in which a selected refractory strain does not permit plasmodium oocyst formation. we examined the kinetics of two major proteolytic enzymes involved in blood meal digestion and the dynamics of ookinete fo ... 2001 11527434
haemogregarine specificity in two communities of florida snakes, with descriptions of six new species of hepatozoon (apicomplexa: hepatozoidae) and a possible species of haemogregarina (apicomplexa: haemogregarinidae). five species of snakes in florida, from palm beach county in the south and alachua county 450 km to the north, occur in similar habitat but have distinctive hepatozoon species characteristic of each host species. in palm beach county, diadophis punctatus is host to hepatozoon punctatus n. sp., thamnophis sauritus sackenii to hepatozoon sauritus n. sp., and nerodia fasciata pictiventris to hepatozoon pictiventris n. sp. in alachua county, n. fasciata pictiventris is parasitized by hepatozoon fasc ... 2001 11534655
chitinase from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. pakistani. the chitinase gene (chia71) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. pakistani consists of an open reading frame of 1,905 nucleotides encoding 635 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular mass of 71 kda. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme to other microbial chitinases shows a putative catalytic domain and a region with conserved amino acids similar to that of the type iii module of fibronectin and a chitin-binding domain. by activity detection of chitinase on sds ... 2001 11549008
phylogenetic analysis of dengue-3 viruses prevalent in guatemala during 1996-1998. dengue is an acute viral disease transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito which is present in most tropical urban areas of the world. there are four antigenically distinct serotypes, designated dengue-1 (den-1), dengue-2 (den-2), dengue-3 (den-3) and dengue-4 virus (den-4). in this study, we determined the serotypes of dengue viruses isolated in guatemala in 1995-1998, and found that den-3 viruses appeared in 1995 and became predominant in the following three years. we then sequenced cdnas from ... 2001 11556713
[factors that modify the larval indices of aedes aegypti in colima, mexico]. in order to investigate the variables that could have the greatest impact on larval indices of aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, a descriptive, longitudinal study was carried out in the city of colima, which is located in the mexican pacific coastal state of the same name. 2001 11558250
evaluation of a new tablet formulation based on bacillus thuringiensis sorovar. israelensis for larvicidal control of aedes aegypti. the effect of sunlight on the efficacy and persistence of an experimental tablet formulation based on bacillus thuringiensis sorovar. israelensis (c4p1) was evaluated against aedes aegypti larvae under simulated field conditions. the initial mortality ranged from 93 to 100%, and the residual activity (> or = 70% mortality) recorded in containers exposed to sunlight or shade were, respectively, 13-35 days and 40-54 days. the results suggest that c4p1 can provide long-term larvicidal effect and op ... 2001 11562715
requirement of co-factors for the ligand-mediated activity of the insect ecdysteroid receptor in yeast. in insects, a steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone has an important role in regulating critical events such as development and reproduction. the action of 20-hydroxyecdysone is mediated by its binding to the ecdysteroid receptor (ecr), which requires a heterodimeric partner, ultraspiracle protein (usp), a homologue of the retinoid x receptor (rxr). the ecr-usp heterodimer represents a functional receptor complex capable of initiating transcription of early genes. our goal was to establish a ligand ... 2001 11564603
detection of insecticide resistance in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from cuba and venezuela. four strains of aedes aegypti (l.), one from cuba and three from venezuela, were bioassayed for susceptibility to eight insecticides, including the organophosphates, temephos, malathion, fenthion, pirimiphos methyl, and chlorpyrifos, and the pyrethroids, deltamethrin, lambda cyhalothrin and cypermethrin, s, s, s,-tributyl phosphorotrithioate and piperonyl butoxide were used as synergists to assess the involvement of esterases and monooxygenases in organophosphate resistance. venezuelan strains h ... 2001 11580033
indirect evidence against delayed "skip-oviposition" behavior by aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. mosquitoes that do not oviposit their entire batch of eggs in one location, but choose instead to oviposit a few eggs in several different sites exhibit skip oviposition. although skip oviposition may ensure the greater distribution of progeny from an individual female and reduce sibling competition, it also uses greater maternal energy reserves, may increase the risk of adult female mortality and does not reduce other competition. to test the hypothesis that female aedes aegypti (l.) do not ovi ... 2001 11580036
detection of dengue viral rna in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) exposed to sticky lures using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. active surveillance for dengue (den) virus infected mosquitoes can be an effective way to predict the risk of dengue infection in a given area. however, doing so may pose logistical problems if mosquitoes must be kept alive or frozen fresh to detect den virus. in an attempt to simplify mosquito processing, we evaluated the usefulness of a sticky lure and a seminested reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay (rt-pcr) for detecting den virus rna under laboratory conditions using exper ... 2001 11580045
evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses. partial e1 envelope glycoprotein gene sequences and complete structural polyprotein sequences were used to compare divergence and construct phylogenetic trees for the genus alphavirus. tree topologies indicated that the mosquito-borne alphaviruses could have arisen in either the old or the new world, with at least two transoceanic introductions to account for their current distribution. the time frame for alphavirus diversification could not be estimated because maximum-likelihood analyses indic ... 2001 11581380
evaluation of biological and chemical insecticide mixture against aedes aegypti larvae and adults by thermal fogging in singapore. to improve the operational efficiency of dengue vector control in singapore, larvicide and adulticide were applied together by thermal fog generator (agrofog af40). the mixture consisted of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (vectobac 12 as) as biological larvicide at 1.5 l/ha and pirimiphos-methyl (actellic 50 ec) as adulticide at 100 g ai/ha, diluted 10-fold with water. aerosol of this mixture was evaluated against the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) in bioassays using ca ... 2001 11583451
ross river virus transmission, infection, and disease: a cross-disciplinary review. ross river virus (rrv) is a fascinating, important arbovirus that is endemic and enzootic in australia and papua new guinea and was epidemic in the south pacific in 1979 and 1980. infection with rrv may cause disease in humans, typically presenting as peripheral polyarthralgia or arthritis, sometimes with fever and rash. rrv disease notifications in australia average 5,000 per year. the first well-described outbreak occurred in 1928. during world war ii there were more outbreaks, and the name ep ... 2001 11585790
tsetse immune responses and trypanosome transmission: implications for the development of tsetse-based strategies to reduce trypanosomiasis. tsetse flies are the medically and agriculturally important vectors of african trypanosomes. information on the molecular and biochemical nature of the tsetse/trypanosome interaction is lacking. here we describe three antimicrobial peptide genes, attacin, defensin, and diptericin, from tsetse fat body tissue obtained by subtractive cloning after immune stimulation with escherichia coli and trypanosomes. differential regulation of these genes shows the tsetse immune system can discriminate not on ... 2001 11592981
[frequency of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus larvae and pupae in traps, brazil]. to evaluate the monthly frequency of larvae and pupae of aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti and other mosquitoe species in tires, and the influence of environmental factors on that. 2001 11600929
dengue virus and insecticide susceptibility status of aedes aegypti mosquitoes from belagola village, mandya district, karnataka state: during and post-epidemic investigations. aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected during and after dengue virus epidemic season were exposed to diagnostic dosages of insecticides. mosquitoes collected during the epidemic showed resistance to ddt only, while mosquitoes collected after the control measures showed tolerance to malathion and low resistance to ddt. since there was no indication of malathion resistance in the mosquitoes collected during the epidemic, the second batch was subjected to malathion selection pressure for 8 generations ... 2000 11668935
transcriptional regulation of the mosquito vitellogenin gene via a blood meal-triggered cascade. in anautogenous mosquitoes, a blood meal is required for activation of genes encoding yolk protein precursors (ypp). vitellogenin (vg), the major ypp gene, is transcribed at a very high level following blood meal activation. it is expressed exclusively in the female fat body, the tissue producing most of mosquito hemolymph and immune proteins. in this paper, we analyzed the upstream region of the aedes aegypti vg gene in order to identify regulatory elements responsible for its unique expression ... 2001 11674997
[yellow fever epidemiology in brazil]. we have carried out a meticulous time-space-analysis of the incidence of yellow fever in humans in brazil from 1954 to 1972 and especially from 1973 to 1999. this study has added to our knowledge of the epidemiology of yellow fever and enabled us to redefine epidemiological zones and determine their geographical limits. the endemic area is located within the amazon basin; here cases are scattered and generally limited in number. however, there are also "foci of endemic emergence" within this are ... 2001 11681224
development and evaluation of serotype- and group-specific fluorogenic reverse transcriptase pcr (taqman) assays for dengue virus. five fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (taqman) reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assays were developed for serotypes 1 to 4 and group-specific detection of dengue virus. serotype- and group-specific oligonucleotide primers and fluorogenic probes were designed against conserved regions of the dengue virus genome. the rt-pcr assay is a rapid single-tube method consisting of a 30-min rt step linked to a 45-cycle pcr at 95 and 60 degrees c that generates a fluorogenic signal in positive samples. assays ... 2001 11682539
identification of entomopathogenic bacillus isolated from simulium (diptera, simuliidae) larvae and adults. entomopathogenic bacteria isolated from simulium larvae and adults from breeding sites in the states of são paulo and rio de janeiro, brazil, were identified as 18 strains of bacillus thuringiensis and one of b. sphaericus. most of these strains were serotyped according to their flagellar antigens. however, nine of the b. thuringiensis samples, could not be serotyped and were designated as "autoagglutinating"; they were also shown to be toxic in preliminary tests against aedes aegypti larvae. ad ... 2001 11685272
use of a computer model to identify potential hotspots for dengue fever in new zealand. to describe the areas of potential dengue fever risk in new zealand for present climatic conditions and projected scenarios of climate change. 2001 11700749
interleukin-4 receptor-stat6 signaling in murine infections with a tissue-dwelling nematode parasite. interleukin-4 (il-4) has been shown to be crucial in parasite expulsion in several gastrointestinal nematode infection models. data from both epidemiological studies with humans and experimental infections in animals imply a critical role for the type ii helper response, dominated by il-4, in host protection. here we utilized inbred mice on two distinct backgrounds to document the involvement of il-4 in the clearance of a primary infection of brugia from the murine host. our data from infections ... 2001 11705956
the availability of potential hosts as a determinant of feeding behaviours and malaria transmission by african mosquito populations. a simple model for the influence of host availability on vector bloodmeal choice is applied to estimate the relative availabilities of humans, cattle and other host populations to malaria vectors in african communities, using published human blood indices and ratios of cattle to humans. cattle were bitten < 0.01, 0.021 +/- 0.11, 1.61 +/- 0.16 and 1.61 +/- 0.46 times as often as humans by anopheles funestus, an. gambiae sensu stricto and an. arabiensis in segera, tanzania, and an. gambiae sensu l ... 2001 11706651
recovery of infectious pariacoto virus from cdna clones and identification of susceptible cell lines. pariacoto virus (pav) is a nodavirus that was recently isolated in peru from the southern armyworm, spodoptera eridania. virus particles are non enveloped and about 30 nm in diameter and have t=3 icosahedral symmetry. the 3.0-a crystal structure shows that about 35% of the genomic rna is icosahedrally ordered, with the rna forming a dodecahedral cage of 25-nucleotide (nt) duplexes that underlie the inner surface of the capsid. the pav genome comprises two single-stranded, positive-sense rnas: rn ... 2001 11711613
a live attenuated recombinant dengue-4 virus vaccine candidate with restricted capacity for dissemination in mosquitoes and lack of transmission from vaccinees to mosquitoes. 2adelta30 is a live dengue-4 virus vaccine candidate with a 30-nucleotide deletion in its 3'-untranslated region. to assess the transmissibility of 2adelta30 by mosquitoes, we compared its in vivo replication in mosquitoes with that of its wild type den-4 parent. both the vaccine candidate and wild type virus were equally able to infect the mosquito toxorhynchites splendens after intrathoracic inoculation. relative to its wild type parent, 2adelta30 was slightly restricted in its ability to infe ... 2001 11716092
population genetic structure and competence as a vector for dengue type 2 virus of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from madagascar. starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess the polymorphism of 7 isoenzymes in single mosquitoes (field-collected f0 or f1 generation) for aedes albopictus (8 strains) from northern madagascar. mosquitoes of the f2 generation (3 strains of aedes aegypti and 10 strains of ae. albopictus) were tested for oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus. aedes aegypti was less susceptible to viral infection than ae. albopictus. the genetic differentiation was less high between ae. albopictus populatio ... 2001 11716103
expression, purification, characterization and clinical relevance of raed a 1--a 68-kda recombinant mosquito aedes aegypti salivary allergen. accurate diagnosis of mosquito allergy has been precluded by the difficulty of obtaining salivary allergens. in this study, we expressed, purified, characterized and investigated the clinical relevance of a recombinant aedes aegypti salivary allergen, raed a 1. two cdna segments were ligated together to form the full-length aed a 1 gene. raed a 1 was expressed using a baculovirus/insect cell system, and purified using a combination of anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. the purifie ... 2001 11717185
horizontal and vertical transmission of dengue virus type 2 in highly and lowly susceptible strains of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. isofemale lines of aedes aegypti mosquitoes highly and lowly susceptible to dengue type 2 (den-2) virus (den(h) and den(l), respectively) were established by oral feeding and individual rearing. the susceptibility at f13 generation was found to be 61% and 25% for the den(h) and den(l) line, respectively. the virus-infected mosquito females were allowed to probe on bovine albumin phosphate saline ph 7.2 (baps) through membrane feeders. the presence of virus in the probed baps was determined eithe ... 2001 11719984
[simplifying the sampling method for evaluating the larval density of aedes aegypti in são paulo state, brazil]. to suggest changes in the sampling procedures for estimating the larval density of aedes aegypti in the state of são paulo, brazil, by assessing the efficacy and level of complexity of the current procedures. 2001 11723519
kinetics of dengue virus-specific serum immunoglobulin classes and subclasses correlate with clinical outcome of infection. the kinetics of dengue virus (den)-specific serum immunoglobulin classes (immunoglobulin m [igm] and iga) and subclasses (igg1 to igg4) were studied in patients suffering from dengue fever (df), dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), and dengue shock syndrome (dss). serum samples from non-den febrile patients were included as controls. igm, igg1, and igg3 serum antibodies were the predominant immunoglobulins throughout the course of illness in all three patient groups. in contrast, iga antibodies were ... 2001 11724841
candidate odorant receptors from the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae and evidence of down-regulation in response to blood feeding. olfaction plays a major role in host preference and blood feeding, integral behaviors for disease transmission by the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (henceforth a. gambiae). we have identified four genes encoding candidate odorant receptors from a. gambiae that are selectively expressed in olfactory organs, contain approximately seven transmembrane domains, and show significant similarity to several putative odorant receptors in drosophila melanogaster. furthermore, one ... 2001 11724964
invasions by insect vectors of human disease. nonindigenous vectors that arrive, establish, and spread in new areas have fomented throughout recorded history epidemics of human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and plague. although some vagile vectors, such as adults of black flies, biting midges, and tsetse flies, have dispersed into new habitats by flight or wind, human-aided transport is responsible for the arrival and spread of most invasive vectors, such as anthropophilic fleas, lice, kissing bugs, and mosquitoes. from th ... 2002 11729075
malathion resistance and prevalence of the malathion carboxylesterase mechanism in populations of mosquito vectors of disease in sri lanka. to determine the levels of malathion resistance and prevalence of the malathion carboxylesterase mechanism among mosquitoes in sri lanka. 2001 11731814
dengue fever in pregnancy: a case report. background: dengue, a mosquito-borne flavivirus infection, is endemic in southeast asia. currently, the incidence has been increasing among adults. case presentation: a 26-year-old thai woman, g1p0 31 weeks pregnancy, presented with epigastric pain for 1 day. she also had a high-grade fever for 4 days. the physical examination, complete blood counts as well as serology confirmed dengue fever. the patient was under conservative treatment despite severe thrombocytopenia. she was well at the 3rd da ... 2001 11747474
identification of novel plasmodium gallinaceum zygote- and ookinete-expressed proteins as targets for blocking malaria transmission. the development of transmission-blocking vaccines is one approach to malaria control. to identify novel plasmodium zygote- and ookinete-secreted proteins as targets of blocking malaria transmission, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against parasite-secreted proteins found in plasmodium gallinaceum ookinete culture supernatants. four mabs-1a6, 2a5, 2b5, and 4b6-were identified that bound to p. gallinaceum zygotes and ookinetes in diverse patterns in terms of spatial localization on para ... 2002 11748169
recent advances in insect olfaction, specifically regarding the morphology and sensory physiology of antennal sensilla of the female sphinx moth manduca sexta. the antennal flagellum of female manduca sexta bears eight sensillum types: two trichoid, two basiconic, one auriculate, two coeloconic, and one styliform complex sensilla. the first type of trichoid sensillum averages 34 microm in length and is innervated by two sensory cells. the second type averages 26 microm in length and is innervated by either one or three sensory cells. the first type of basiconic sensillum averages 22 microm in length, while the second type averages 15 microm in length. ... 2001 11754510
cloning and characterization of the crystal protein-encoding gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis. molecular cloning and characterization of a novel cry gene, cry32aa, of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. yunnanensis was carried out. the cry32aa protein was predicted to have a molecular mass of 139.2 kda and was found to have an unusual 42-amino-acid-long tail at the c terminus. the cry32aa gene was localized on the 103-mda plasmid of the organism. bioassays showed no toxicity against several moths and mosquitoes. however, it exhibited weak toxicity against larvae of the diamondback moth, plutell ... 2002 11772653
a comparative genomic analysis of two distant diptera, the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, and the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. genome evolution entails changes in the dna sequence of genes and intergenic regions, changes in gene numbers, and also changes in gene order along the chromosomes. genes are reshuffled by chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions/insertions, inversions, translocations, and transpositions. here we report a comparative study of genome organization in the main african malaria vector, anopheles gambiae, relative to the recently determined sequence of the drosophila melanogaster genome. the ances ... 2002 11779831
evaluation of the efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin applied as ultra-low volume and thermal fog for emergency control of aedes aegypti in honduras. an extended-duration formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin (demand cs) applied as either an ultra-low volume (ulv) or thermal fog spray from a new handheld sprayer (terrier) against aedes aegypti was evaluated in honduras. spray applications were made at the front door for 1 min or to each room for 15 sec, both for the ulv and thermal fog applications to houses in separate blocks for each treatment. the efficacy and duration of effectiveness of the spray was determined from sentinel caged mosquito m ... 2001 11804457
platelet-activating-factor-hydrolyzing phospholipase c in the salivary glands and saliva of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. a phospholipase c activity specific for platelet-activating factor (paf), named paf phosphorylcholine hydrolase, was found in the salivary glands and saliva of the human-feeding mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. the enzymatic activity was demonstrated by inhibition of paf-induced platelet aggregation, and by identification of substrate consumption and production of diacyl glyceride by electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry. the activity has a neutral optimal ph and an apparent molecular mass o ... 2001 11807106
coexpression of chitinase and the cry11aa1 toxin genes in bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis. at the spore stage, a cloned chitinase gene was coexpressed with the regulatory gene p19 and the toxin gene cry11aa1 in the hosts bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strains 4q2-72 and c4q2-72. the chitinase gene was derived from a high-chitinase producer, bacillus licheniformis tp-1. two transcriptional fusion plasmids between the p19 or p19-cry11aa1 genes and the promoterless chitinase gene were constructed. in transcription order, the p16-19chi construct contained the p19 gene together ... 2001 11812119
educational campaign versus malathion spraying for the control of aedes aegypti in colima, mexico. to evaluate the effect of an educational campaign for reducing the breeding places of aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue; and to compare its effects with the ones obtained by spraying of malathion at ultralow volume. 2002 11812816
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« Can being left-handed help you write better?
I've often wondered how the use of e-devices has changed our writing.
Back in the early 1980s, when I first began using a word processor (a very slow one with very little storage capacity), I was so happy about how easy it made typing documents. You could add or delete information and correct all the typos without having to type the entire document over and over. Such a relief!
And then came email, which makes it so quick and easy to communicate – followed by SMS and IM, giving us an instant means to tell people where we are and what we're doing.
I would not want to go back to pre-computer and pre-internet days!
But of course there are drawbacks.
I can't tell you how many emails I've received that were obviously dashed off without enough thought beforehand. Details or action steps went missing, making it necessary for me to contact the writer and ask for clarification.
This is a waste time for both writers and readers. It's annoying, and it increases business costs.
In a recent article, Richard Nordquist referred to philosopher Frederick Nietzsche's belief that 'we're more apt to read with care what has been written without haste'.
I was intrigued by Nietzsche's remark, so I did more research on his thoughts about writing. I found that when he began to lose his eyesight, he bought a typewriter so he could keep writing. This was in 1881.
So if old technology like typewriters seem to affect writing style, imagine how much our ultra-fast e-devices have changed it.
The thing I notice most often is that it's far too easy to skip over the planning stage of writing. We just jump in, open a file or WhatsApp, and start typing away.
And for very short instant messages, that's fine.
Nordquist continues the article talking about research by Professor Naomi S. Baron on the ways we use online and mobile technologies. She agrees that the fast writing for a 'to do' list or to dash off an IM is fine.
But she says that contemporary writing technologies 'threaten to overwhelm slow writing'.
Slow writing, she says, whether it's composed on a keyboard or with paper and pen, is required 'to formulate and convey meaningful analysis to others and to ourselves'.
Note: Naomi Baron's book on her research: Always On: Language in an Online and Mobile World, Oxford University Press, 2010.


Home » IndiaSpend In The News » World's Most Economical Missile Programme?
World's Most Economical Missile Programme?
I read this article and found it very interesting, thought it might be something for you. The article is called World's Most Economical Missile Programme? and is located at https://archive.indiaspend.com/indiaspend-in-the-news/worlds-most-economical-missile-programme-71847.
The recent launch of the Agni 5, the intercontinental ballistic missile, makes it a good time to look at how the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is managing its finances and funding for ambitious projects.


text:
APRL trustees approve bank offer for line of credit
Dec 9, 2015, 2 AM
An exterior view of the American Philatelic Center in Bellefonte, Pa., shows the two buildings at far right that are being renovated to house the American Philatelic Research Library. Photo by Ken Martin, courtesy of American Philatelic Society.
By Michael Baadke
The American Philatelic Research Library's board of trustees met Dec. 7 in a telephone conference to discuss and vote on the offer of a $600,000 line of credit to complete work on the new library site at the American Philatelic Center in Bellefonte, Pa.
American Philatelic Society Executive Director Scott English described the terms of the credit line offer from First National Bank, which was accepted by the board with a unanimous voice vote.
English explained to board members that the original bank offer came with a requirement for a guarantee by the APS, but the offer was changed to become a loan solely approved by the APRL.
The allocation of funds from the credit line could be used to pay for $400,000 in additional construction costs for architectural changes (including the addition of a fire suppression system required by Centre County, Pa., zoning authorities), up to $100,000 for furnishings, and up to $100,000 for relocation costs and shelving.
English told Linn's Stamp News that while it might not be necessary to draw the entire line of credit, it assures that the library can be finished on schedule.
It is anticipated that construction of the library site will be completed in the spring of 2016, and that relocation will take place over the summer. A grand opening is tentatively planned for Oct. 29.
Work on the project is underway. The new library will occupy close to 20,000 square feet in the 100,000-square-foot American Philatelic Center. Since moving to Bellefonte from a smaller facility in nearby State College, Pa., in 2004, the library has occupied temporary facilities in the converted match factory that serves as headquarters for the APS and the APRL.
The trustees participating in the meeting were APRL President Roger Brody, Vice President Patricia Stillwell-Walker, Secretary Charles Wooster, Treasurer Bruce Marsden, and Trustees Rob Haeseler and Don Heller. Trustees Stephen D. Schumann and Steve Zwillinger were not present.
The trustees had information about the loan terms forwarded to them, and after a short period of discussion, Marsden moved that the bank offer be accepted, with the motion seconded by Haeseler. The board members present all voted in favor of accepting the bank offer.