text:
The Boston Park League, located in Boston, Massachusetts, is the oldest amateur baseball league in the United States.

History

The Boston Park League (BPL) was founded in 1929 by Bob Cusick, program director for the Boston Parks and Recreation Department. Cusick envisioned a high quality, yet highly participatory, amateur baseball league with teams based in, and featuring residents of, the various neighborhoods of Boston. Charlestown, East Boston, South Boston, Hyde Park, Brighton, West Roxbury, Roslindale, Jamaica Plain, Roxbury, Mattapan, South End, and Dorchester all have had teams at some period of time.

The league was rabidly popular among local area baseball fans, and in the 1930s and 1940s many games would draw as many as 5,000 attendees. Once the playoffs got underway, that number was known to swell to as many as 12,000 fans per game. Attendance remained high throughout the 1950s and 1960s, often in the range of 5,000 to 6,000 fans per game.

Such popularity made the league among the best compilations of amateur talent in the nation, featuring top quality players from local and regional high schools and universities. At its peak, the BPL comprised a sizeable population of former professional players, many of whom still had hopes of garnering enough attention to get another shot at a professional position.

The league has always been considered an amateur league, although for a brief period in the 1960s the league actually did pay a few select players, often higher profile ex-pros, in hopes of raising the league's profile and quality of play. Former Red Sox relief pitcher Mike Fornieles is a prime example, playing a number of years for the league's Supreme Saints.

In recent decades, the league's presence has diminished somewhat, becoming less of a regional draw. However, the quality of play and passion among its players remain high. Attendance is also lower, with most games at present drawing a more modest number of fans, often less than 100 for mid-week, regular-season matchups, although some weekend and playoff games can still draw 500 or more attendees. The league is still considered to be the gold standard of amateur baseball in the Boston metropolitan area and, aside from the extremely competitive Cape Cod League, remains arguably the best amateur baseball league in New England.

In 1982, the City of Boston decided to pass on the administrative duties to a small group of former players and coaches.  The league named Bill Mahoney its first President, Harvey Soolman Secretary Treasurer, and Walt Mortimer Umpire in Chief. With the need for more funding, the Budweiser Brewing Co. of Medford, Ma., distributors of Bud Light, sponsored the league for four years.  The Yawkey Foundation came on board in 1986, and has continuously sponsored the Boston Park League for the last 27 years.

During the baseball strike of the mid-1990s, many Boston Park League players were granted spring training invitations by Major League teams, including 1993 BPL League Most Valuable Player Mike Carista, who was offered an invitation to spring training by the Boston Red Sox. Carista was a former Red Sox draft pick, but had left professional baseball years earlier.

List of League Presidents

 Bill Mahoney (1982)
 Leo Casey (1983–1984)
 Bill Stewart, Jr. (1985)
 Walt Mortimer (1986)
 Skip Landry (1987–1988)
 Josh Powell (1989)
 Bob Powers (1990–1992)
 Eddie Miller (1993–1995)
 Bob Wilkinson (1996–2001)
 Walter Bentson (2002–present)

Notable players
Many notable players have spent time in the Boston Park League.

John Casey, college coach
Joe Coleman, pitcher
Manny Delcarmen, pitcher
Mike Fornieles, pitcher
Richie Hebner, infielder
Rich Hill, pitcher
Billy Hoeft, pitcher
Ty LaForest, infielder
Kevin McGlinchy, pitcher
Si Rosenthal, outfielder
Pete Varney, catcher
Scott Keurulainen, outfielder

League Champions (Runners-up in Parentheses)
2019 - ADSL (E.I. Braves)

2018 - ADSL (TJO Sports)

2017 - TJO Sports (Boston Padres Baseball Club)

2016 - Towne Club  (TJO Sports)

2015 - Palmer Club      (ADSL)

2014 - Palmer Club     (TJO Sports)

2013 - Cannon Club     (Palmer Club)

2012 - Carlson Club    (Cannon Club)

2012 - Carlson Club    (J.M Force)

2010 - Carlson Club    (Palmer Club)

2009 - Carlson Club    (Stockyard)

2008 - Grossman Marketing  (Carlson Club)

2007 - Boston Padres Baseball Club  (Stockyard)

2006 - Palmer Club (Boston Padres Baseball Club)

2005 - Stockyard (Palmer Club)

2004 - Palmer Club (Carlson Club)

2003 - Palmer Club  (Walsh Club)

2002 - Palmer Club  (Hines/ADSL)

2001 - Hines/ADSL  (Mass. Envelope)

2000 - Mass. Envelope  (Palmer Club)

1999 - Palmer Club  (Larkin Club)

1998 - Mass. Envelope  (Towne Club)

1997 - Larkin Club  (Mass. Envelope)

1996 - Larkin Club  (Mass. Envelope)

1995 - Larkin Club  (MRA D's)

1994 - ADSL/Avi Nelson  (Larkin Club)

1993 - Serra Club  (ADSL/Avi Nelson)

1992 - Mass. Envelope  (Triple D's)

1991 - Towne Club  (ADSL/Avi Nelson)

1990 - Hyde Park Sports  (Triple D's)

1989 - ADSL  (Hyde Park Sports)

1988 - Triple D's  (Towne Club)

1987 - Triple D's  (Great Scott)

1986 - Hyde Park Sports  (Triple D's)

1985 - Towne Club  (Great Scott)

1984 - Towne Club  (Conley Club)

1983 - Mass. Envelope (Conley Club)

1982 - Mass. Envelope  (Triple D's)

1981 - Triple D's (Great Scott)

1980 - Mahoney Club (Triple D's)

1979 - Supreme Saints (Mary Ann's)

1978 - Conley Club (Supreme Saints)

1977 - Mass. Envelope (Supreme Saints)

1976 - Conley Club (Supreme Saints)

1975 - Mass. Envelope (Conley Club)

1974 - Mass. Envelope (Conley Club)

1973 - Mass. Envelope (Conley Club)

1972 - Conley Club (Supreme Saints)

1971 - Franklin Club (Supreme Saints)

1970 - Mass. Envelope (Woolf Club)

1969 - Craven Club (Supreme Saints)

1968 - Woolf Club (Craven Club)

1967 - Supreme Saints (Mass. Envelope)

1966 - Herb Connelly Club (Supreme Saints)

1965 - Herb Connolly Club  (Carlevale Braves)

1964 - Supreme Saints  (Herb Connolly Club)

1963 - Supreme Saints (Bottomley Braves)

1962 - Kelley Club (Supreme Saints)

1961 - Charlestown Hawks  (Dorchester Royals)

1960 - St. Paul's  (McCormack)

1959 - St. Paul's  (McCormack)

1958 - Charlestown Cardinals  (McCormack)

1957 - St. Paul's  (Crosby Club)

1956 - McCormack Club  (St. Paul's)

1955 - St. Paul's  (Bryan Club)

1954 - St. Paul's  (Bryan Club)

1953 - St. Paul's  (Bryan Club)

1952 - Hal Crosby Club  (Jeveli Club)

1951 - Boston Elks  (Crosby Club)

1950 - Kane Chevrolet  (Jeveli Club)

1949 - Crownburners  (Hyde Sq. Vets)

1948 - Crownburners  (Dick Casey Club)

1947 - Dick Casey Club  (Linehan Club)

1946 - Veterans Administration  (Dick Casey Club)

1945 - Navy Yard AA  (Linehan Club)

1944 - Dick Casey Club (Watertown Arsenal)

1943 - Dick Casey Club  (Navy Yard)

1942 - Dick Casey Club  (Navy Yard)

1941 - Dick Casey Club   (Tobin Club)

1940 - Dick Casey Club  (Roslindale Town Team)

1939 - Dick Casey Club  (St. Augustine's)

1938 - St. Augustine's  (Holy Name)

1937 - Dick Casey Club  (Jordan Marsh)

1936 - Roslindale Wolfs  (Jordan Marsh)

1935 - Jordan Marsh  (Roslindale TT)

1934 - Jordan Marsh  (Dick Casey Club)

1933 - Roslindale Town Team  (Mulry Club)

1932 - St. Thomas  (Roslindale Town Team)

1931 - St. Thomas (Edison Light)

1930 - Agawam A.A.  (Gurnett & Co.)

1929 - St. Thomas, J.P. (South End Athletics)

Playing Fields Currently Used by the BPL

 Dick Casey Town Field, Dorchester, Ma.
 Bill Stewart Diamond at Fallon Field, Roslindale, Ma.
 Jim Rice Field, South End, Boston, Ma.
 Cleveland Circle (Cassidy), Brighton, Ma.
 Kelley Field, Hyde Park, Ma.
 East Boston Stadium, East Boston, Ma.

Note, Kelley Field is maintained by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts' Department of Conservation & Recreation, while the others are maintained by the City of Boston's Parks Department.

Current Teams in the BPL (2019)
 Boston Athletics Baseball Club
 Palmer Club
 TJO Sports
 ADSL
 Cannon Club
 Boston Padres
 Grossman Marketing (formerly Mass. Envelope)
 Towne Club

Mass Envelope is the current longest standing league member. They changed the name of their team to Grossman Marketing in the 2008 season, following a corporate rebranding in 2006.

___

2015 Boston Park League Standings

Palmer  21-11-2   *

TJO Sports 20-13-1

ADSL 20-14-0

Towne Club 18-5-1

Cannon 15-19-0

Grossman Marketing 12-19-3

Padres 9-24-1

 *League Champion (won playoffs)
 **Won tie-breaking game for 4th place

2015 Playoffs

Palmer Club defeats Towne Club (3-0)
ADSL defeats TJO Sports (3-0)

Palmer Club defeats ADSL (4-1)

2015 Batting Champion

Ben Balvy (AVG) .444 (RBI) 18 (AB) 72 (R) 25 (H) 32 (2B) 4 (3B) 3 (HR) 1 (SLG) .625 (CANNON CLUB)

2015 Pitching Leader

Josh Desai	1.62	7	2	0	60.2	  21	14	81	20	0	1.34	1.203  (ADSL)

2015 Category Leaders

Batting

AVG:  Ben Balvy
Hits:  Chris Hoyt
2B:  Tim Corey
3B:  Jorge Deronimo
HR:  Alex Venditti
RBI:  Chris Johnson
R:  Derek Riddy
BB:  John Mccue
SLG:  Jorge Deronimo
OBP:  Frankie Tierney
OPS:  Ben Balvy
SB:  Ryan Connelly

Pitching

ERA:  Josh Desai
W:  Josh Desai
S:  Jared Blandino
IP:  Tyler Shute
SO:  Josh Desai
SOIP:  Jarlin Gomez
WHIP:  Raymond Malagon

References
The Official Website of the Boston Park League
A faded glory, but a glory of summer nonetheless, from The Boston Globe, 8/7/05

External links
 Link to the website of the All Dorchester Sports League, sponsors of one of the league's historically dominant teams, ADSL
 a July 2005 article appearing in the Boston Herald discussing the success of the league's regular season champion, Palmer Club

1929 establishments in Massachusetts
Amateur baseball in the United States
Baseball in Boston
Baseball leagues in Massachusetts
Sports leagues established in 1929


Do you get upset and frustrated with the constant changes that take place in the world of online marketing. Are you confused about how to create a complete online physical therapy marketing strategy?
While marketing online can seem overwhelming, with just a little knowledge, patience, and perseverance, some simple physical therapy online marketing tactics should be part of your overall practice marketing strategy.
It's 2014. You can't expect to make it as a small physical therapy practice unless you use the Net to grow your new patient baseand maintain a competitive advantage over the big-box clinics. With over 80% of all Americans seeking out health information online, you need to embrace online marketing opportunities.
I get calls almost every day from practice owners asking me how to get found online? Who should they trust? Is it worth the money? They want to know what systems and processes they should put into place to attract website traffic and convert them into patients.
In the offline world, brick and mortar practices need to be found first when people are searching for the practice by name. Think about it. You are a referral-based business. It's crucial for your practice to survive and even when patients are referred to your clinic, they will first look you up online to make sure you are a credible practitioner.
Once prospective patients arrive at your website, you need to have the right copy and content to make sure they are performing your call to action, which is (not to sign up for a newsletter) to pick up the phone and make an appointment.
As such we've put together five essential marketing tactics, that will give your practice's online presence an edge over the competition.
Some are easy and free and others require some money and expertise.
First of all, make sure you have a beautiful website that makes a great first impression and reflects the 5 star service you provide. Read through each page, correct spelling errors and grammar problems, make sure links work and everything is up-to-date. For example, check the copyright year at the bottom. Does it say "2010?" If so, it makes you look dated and out of touch with technology.
Is your address and phone number at the top of your home page? There's nothing more frustrating than trying to find a simple phone number to contact a practice and make an appointment. Make the user experience a fast and easy one. In other words, don't make your viewers think.
Is your website mobile-optimized? If not, then you are simply disrespecting and making it difficult for 30-40% of your viewers. At E-rehab.com, you can't buy a desktop website from us anymore. We feel it is important to lead our clients and there's no better way to do it then with a mobile-optimized website.
After your website and an email newsletter, the most valuable online marketing tool for your practice is Google. Use Google My Business to set up your G+ page, map listings and more.
It's a fact. The search engines, like Google, have replaced the yellowbooks in referring patients to practices, and Google My Business is critical tool for making this is happen. Listing your practice with help you gain credibility, generate more traffic, and help you build your online reputation.
Reviews on sites like Google+, Facebook, YP.com and Yelp are extremely influential. Have you ever read the reviews on Amazon before making a purchase? Of course you have. Your patients are doing the same thing.
If you don't have any reviews (i.e. no online reputation), start encouraging your patients to review you online. However, don't just blindly e-mail all employees and their spouses. It's all about "review velocity". If you get 20 reviews in one week when you had none the previous week, that looks suspicious, and worst case scenario, you could get your Google account suspended. Getting ratings and reviews is not as hard as you may think and most patients are happy to do it if you just provide them with simple instructions. Make it part of your company culture. Kindly ask your patients to "provide you with a review if they think you have earned it." A few will, most won't, but over time you can build quite a reputation online.
Don't be fearful of negative reviews either. No one can please everyone. We all have a bad day (especially when dealing with insurance companies and documentation as well as treating patients). If you are lacking good reviews, those negative reviews stick out like a sore thumb. So be proactive and start collecting good reviews from your patients. That way, when a bad review comes, and it most certainly will, it will actually give you some credibility (what I mean here is if you have 20 positive reviews and 1 negative review, it mirrors your customer service reality; because, no one can please everyone all of the time).
Also, when you get a bad review it's critical that your response be swift, professional and polite. Let the person know that you want to make their bad things right: offer them something to give you another chance (but don't waive copays or refund money – this could get you in trouble). Acting immediately goes a long way in diffusing a bad review. Not doing so will cost you more in the long run and you may sacrifice new business and not even know about it.
There are hundreds of social networks but don't fret, you don't have to use all of them. At the very least set up a Facebook and Google+. Later you can experiment with Twitter, LinkedIn and Pinterest.
The old saying is that no one buys through social media. Instead, use social networks to stay in touch with your followers. Provide them with interesting and valuable information about your company culture, your profession, something cool that's going on in the community, or something a strategic partner (massage personal training, physician) is offering.
There is a familiar saying: "People buy into you before they buy from you." That is especially true on social media. If your social media is current, provides valuable information, videos, articles, and photos, people will engage. If you haven't posted for 3 months, no one will care anymore about your brand on social media.
Google, Bing and Yahoo want your practice to be found by patients searching for physical therapy services in your community. If they don't deliver the search results people expect, users won't continue to use them. In other words, the search engines want to deliver relevant search results about you and your practice but you need to help.
Being a physical therapy practice owner, your website is going to be all about the physical therapy services you provide, the area you serve and most important, your business name. These keywords should be found in text content on your website, your meta data and blog posts. It's likely that the search engines therefore will recognize that your website is genuinely dedicated to physical therapy.
The challenge is that there are often many other physical therapy websites competing for viewers on the search engines. Some have deep pockets too.
Another challenge is that you, the practice owner, are going to get almost daily calls from so-called experts wanting to market your practice online. Who can you trust, which services work in the physical therapy market? These are E-rehab.com's strengths and we encourage you to call us and find out more.
Payment is declining; therefore you have to see more patients to make a profit. By implementing these 5 steps, your online presence for your private practice is very likely to improve.
We realize that many private practice owners feel discouraged…left behind.


On this day in 1860, American aristocrat Owen Wister was born. He was born on the "storied Belfield estate in Germantown." His father was a wealthy physician and his mother was the daughter of the famous actor Fanny Kemble. When he wasn't attending school in Switzerland and England, he would hire poor people to lie in puddles so he never got his shoes wet—shoes made of the skin of poor immigrant children. Okay, that wasn't actually true. But he was a friend of Theodore Roosevelt. Of course, being rich, once the Great Depression hit, Wister was totally against the policies of Roesevelt's cousin, who was President at that time. If you learn one thing from reading me it should be this: bad economic times are great if you had a lot of money. Wister had a lot of money.
So why on this day is the birthday post about just another American aristocrat? Well, partly is is because last year I did Woody Guthrie. And I could have done Ingmar Bergman, but I just don't feel up to it. It may be a cliche, but he was a great filmmaker, and he deserves a lot of attention. And I think I have a cold. A cold! And it is supposed to be 99° today! My plan is to go back to bed as soon as I'm done with this. Anyway, so we were talking about American aristocrat Owen Wister and how when times got hard for the American people, he was angry that FDR tried to do anything to ameliorate the suffering of millions of Americans.
But the main reason that I'm writing about Owen Wister is because he is considered the father of the Western. He got that name for writing The Virginian in 1902. It's an episodic novel with pretty much what we have come to expect. The Virginian character is a kind of natural aristocrat, who of course, ends up as an actual aristocrat by the end of the novel. He falls in love and marries a school teacher, Molly Stark Wood. (Wister's wife's nickname was Molly.) And generally, he fights for life, liberty, and the American way against the Tramps who are just evil because, well, they aren't natural aristocrats.
Interestingly, Wister never wrote another western. He did work with diabetic playwright Kirke La Shelle to bring it to the stage. And it has been made into at least six movies. You've got to give it to the man though, according to Wikipedia, the book was reprinted fourteen times in eight months. In addition to not writing another western novel, he didn't much write anything. There was a ten year period where he was writing novels. And had he been struggling financially, he probably would have pumped out other rambling novels about life in Wyoming with noble men and pretty and pure school teachers. But who needs to do that when you can be sipping brandy and soda at The Philadelphia Club?
Wister died in 1938 at the age of 78. He was tragically killed when the four servants carrying him, dropped from exhaustion. I mean, he was tragically crushed to death when a wall made of money collapsed on him. I mean, he died of starvation after his food tester was tragically killed moonlighting as a puddle-coverer for a rich fat man. The truth is, I don't know how he died. But he was 78. And that's one good thing you can say about American aristocrats: they eventually die.
Happy birthday American aristocrat Owen Wister, pioneer of the most tedious of American genre fiction!
Owen Wister died of a cerebral hemorrhage.
I'm a huge fan of Game of Thrones, so I'd recommend you continue watching. It gets better. A lot better, IMHO.
@tucsonbarbara – Yes, well, it seems I am trapped. I'm on the third disc now. Some of the characters like the incestuous queen and her brother have been humanized a bit. I think I have a man-crush on Sean Bean's character. His youngest daughter makes me want to have children. Jon Snow and Sam at the wall have become really interesting. And, of course, Peter Dinklage's character is fantastic in his blunt humanity. I really don't want to, but I will probably finish the first season tonight rather than get actual pressing work done!
Let us know your reaction to the rest of season one.
@tucsonbarbara – I'm not sure what was going on. Three comments went through that were pretty much identical. Always technical problems.
The first season was good, but the epic nature of the story is a bit of a problem because I'm not that interested in some of it. My favorite character is now Samwell Tarly. It will be interesting to see what Daenerys manages to do without her husband. I hate the new king and I look back fondly to the first episode where Tyrion slapped him repeatedly.
It was also really nice to see more great character actors like Peter Vaughan, Donald Sumpter, and Charles Dance (who maybe is more of a star than a character actor). I love seeing these people play parts that are so different from what I've seen before. Like Sumpter as the arrogant Claudius in [i]Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead[/i] playing a kindly and patient tutor here.
I've ordered the rest, but I don't know if I'm up to it. It's been exhausting. And now it looks like everyone is going to be at war with everyone else and the spirits in the north. Plus Sean Bean is gone, which I predicted, but is still sad. And I'd like to think that Syrio Forel isn't dead. But he probably is.


text:
package com.amazonaws.services.logs.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

import com.amazonaws.AmazonWebServiceRequest;

/**
 * Container for the parameters to the {@link com.amazonaws.services.logs.AWSLogs#putDestination(PutDestinationRequest) PutDestination operation}.
 *

 * Creates or updates a Destination . A destination
 * encapsulates a physical resource (such as a Kinesis stream) and allows
 * you to subscribe to a real-time stream of log events of a different
 * account, ingested through PutLogEvents requests.
 * Currently, the only supported physical resource is a Amazon Kinesis
 * stream belonging to the same account as the destination.
 *

 *

 * A destination controls what is written to its Amazon Kinesis stream
 * through an access policy. By default, PutDestination does not set any
 * access policy with the destination, which means a cross-account user
 * will not be able to call PutSubscriptionFilter against
 * this destination. To enable that, the destination owner must call
 * PutDestinationPolicy after PutDestination.
 *

 *
 * @see com.amazonaws.services.logs.AWSLogs#putDestination(PutDestinationRequest)
 */
public class PutDestinationRequest extends AmazonWebServiceRequest implements Serializable, Cloneable {

    /**
     * A name for the destination.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 - 512

     * Pattern: [^:*]*

     */
    private String destinationName;

    /**
     * The ARN of an Amazon Kinesis stream to deliver matching log events to.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 -

     */
    private String targetArn;

    /**
     * The ARN of an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs permissions
     * to do Amazon Kinesis PutRecord requests on the desitnation stream.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 -

     */
    private String roleArn;

    /**
     * A name for the destination.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 - 512

     * Pattern: [^:*]*

     *
     * @return A name for the destination.
     */
    public String getDestinationName() {
        return destinationName;
    }

    /**
     * A name for the destination.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 - 512

     * Pattern: [^:*]*

     *
     * @param destinationName A name for the destination.
     */
    public void setDestinationName(String destinationName) {
        this.destinationName = destinationName;
    }

    /**
     * A name for the destination.
     *

     * Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 - 512

     * Pattern: [^:*]*

     *
     * @param destinationName A name for the destination.
     *
     * @return A reference to this updated object so that method calls can be chained
     *         together.
     */
    public PutDestinationRequest withDestinationName(String destinationName) {
        this.destinationName = destinationName;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * The ARN of an Amazon Kinesis stream to deliver matching log events to.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 -

     *
     * @return The ARN of an Amazon Kinesis stream to deliver matching log events to.
     */
    public String getTargetArn() {
        return targetArn;
    }

    /**
     * The ARN of an Amazon Kinesis stream to deliver matching log events to.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 -

     *
     * @param targetArn The ARN of an Amazon Kinesis stream to deliver matching log events to.
     */
    public void setTargetArn(String targetArn) {
        this.targetArn = targetArn;
    }

    /**
     * The ARN of an Amazon Kinesis stream to deliver matching log events to.
     *

     * Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 -

     *
     * @param targetArn The ARN of an Amazon Kinesis stream to deliver matching log events to.
     *
     * @return A reference to this updated object so that method calls can be chained
     *         together.
     */
    public PutDestinationRequest withTargetArn(String targetArn) {
        this.targetArn = targetArn;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * The ARN of an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs permissions
     * to do Amazon Kinesis PutRecord requests on the desitnation stream.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 -

     *
     * @return The ARN of an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs permissions
     *         to do Amazon Kinesis PutRecord requests on the desitnation stream.
     */
    public String getRoleArn() {
        return roleArn;
    }

    /**
     * The ARN of an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs permissions
     * to do Amazon Kinesis PutRecord requests on the desitnation stream.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 -

     *
     * @param roleArn The ARN of an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs permissions
     *         to do Amazon Kinesis PutRecord requests on the desitnation stream.
     */
    public void setRoleArn(String roleArn) {
        this.roleArn = roleArn;
    }

    /**
     * The ARN of an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs permissions
     * to do Amazon Kinesis PutRecord requests on the desitnation stream.
     *

     * Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     *

     * Constraints:

     * Length: 1 -

     *
     * @param roleArn The ARN of an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs permissions
     *         to do Amazon Kinesis PutRecord requests on the desitnation stream.
     *
     * @return A reference to this updated object so that method calls can be chained
     *         together.
     */
    public PutDestinationRequest withRoleArn(String roleArn) {
        this.roleArn = roleArn;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this object; useful for testing and
     * debugging.
     *
     * @return A string representation of this object.
     *
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("{");
        if (getDestinationName() != null) sb.append("DestinationName: " + getDestinationName() + ",");
        if (getTargetArn() != null) sb.append("TargetArn: " + getTargetArn() + ",");
        if (getRoleArn() != null) sb.append("RoleArn: " + getRoleArn() );
        sb.append("}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int hashCode = 1;

        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getDestinationName() == null) ? 0 : getDestinationName().hashCode());
        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getTargetArn() == null) ? 0 : getTargetArn().hashCode());
        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getRoleArn() == null) ? 0 : getRoleArn().hashCode());
        return hashCode;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) return true;
        if (obj == null) return false;

        if (obj instanceof PutDestinationRequest == false) return false;
        PutDestinationRequest other = (PutDestinationRequest)obj;

        if (other.getDestinationName() == null ^ this.getDestinationName() == null) return false;
        if (other.getDestinationName() != null && other.getDestinationName().equals(this.getDestinationName()) == false) return false;
        if (other.getTargetArn() == null ^ this.getTargetArn() == null) return false;
        if (other.getTargetArn() != null && other.getTargetArn().equals(this.getTargetArn()) == false) return false;
        if (other.getRoleArn() == null ^ this.getRoleArn() == null) return false;
        if (other.getRoleArn() != null && other.getRoleArn().equals(this.getRoleArn()) == false) return false;
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public PutDestinationRequest clone() {

            return (PutDestinationRequest) super.clone();
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: angular 2 user can do one click on the button then it becomes disabled Hello i am developing angular 2 app ;
I have entity article(id , title , text , vote) , account(id) , likes(articleid and userid)
I have a button called like .
I want if the user click on the button like the button becomes disabled and vote increase .
I did a bit of code that works but the button is not disabled .
this is my function in the typescript side :
Like(Article,likes:Likes) {

    Article.vote += 1;
    this.articleService.modifier(Article)
        .subscribe((res: Article) => this.onSaveSuccess(res), (res:
    Response) => this.onSaveError(res.json()));

   this.likes= new Likes;
   this.likes.articleid=Article.id;
    this.principal.identity().then((account) => {
        this.currentAccount = account;
    });
    this.likes.userid=this.currentAccount.firstName;
    this.likesService.create(this.likes)
        .subscribe((res: Likes) => this.onSaveSuccess2(res), (res:
    Response) => this.onSaveError(res.json()));
}

This is the HTML side :

{{article.titre}}

{{article.text}}

 Publié par
{{article.utilisateur}}

     {{article.vote}}

         <button type= "submit"
                 (click)=" Like(article,likes)"
                 disabled

                 class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">

                    </button>

         <button type= "submit"
                 (click)=" Like(article,likes)"

                 class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">

                    </button>

A: When clicked on button set any property to true like Article.disabled = true and add the disabled directive on button like [disabled]="article.disabled".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Perfect for when you do not want to get your hands dirty! Great for all indoor worm bins.
Add a Coconut Coir Brick for future bedding?
Looking for something bigger than a hobby? Well then create your own worm farm! The farm kit comes loaded with double the worms, double the bedding, and double the feed! Well-beyond the capacity of the young, school-child. This kit is intended for the aspiring tycoon, the striving mogul, and the motivated entrepreneur; plenty of worms to raise, plenty of learning to achieve, and plenty of space in the container for the worms to breed! For those fearless individuals looking for more than a science project, round-up a farm kit and let your ambitions run wild!
*Free Shipping excludes Puerto Rico and Alaska – additional charges may apply.
I don't know anything about worms but my daughter was very happy with this product (she requested it). I had to keep the worms alive for a few days until Christmas, so I followed the instructions and they all did fine. The little guys chewed their way out of the burlap bag, wriggled over to the bag of bedding, and had already chewed their way into the bedding over the course of 3 days, so I'd say they were healthy and determined little fellas. I feel this is a good product and packaged and delivered very well.
I've only had this kit for about 1 month, so I'm still waiting for my first output of compost or worm multiplication. The worms still seem to be all alive and doing well, although the only times that I can see them are soon after a feeding-- they sure come to the top to get their food. Really happy with my purchase, love the free shipping, and good directions included.


text:
← Previous19.2-258.1 Trial of traffic infractions; measure of proof; failure to appear
19.2 Criminal Procedure
15 Trial And Its Incidents
3 Arraignment; Pleas; Trial Without Jury
§ 19.2-259 On trial for felony, accused to be present; when . . .
On trial for felony, accused to be present; when court may enter plea for him, and trial go on
A person tried for felony shall be personally present during the trial. If when arraigned he will not plead or answer and does not confess his guilt the court shall have the plea of not guilty entered and the trial shall proceed as if the accused had put in that plea. But for the purposes of this section a motion for a continuance, whether made before or after arraignment, shall not be deemed to be part of the trial.
Code 1950, § 19.1-240; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Head v. Com. (COA, 09/16/86)
. . . be present during his trial, pursuant to Code § 19.2-259; and (3) whether Head waived his right to . . .
Quintana v. Com. (SCV, 09/09/82)
. . . be present "during the trial." Code § 19.2-259. While we have held that "the accused cannot…trial . . .
Jones v. Com. (SCV, 06/15/84)
. . . Justices. . . .
Sisk v. Com. (COA, 11/18/86)
. . . present. To have done so would contradict Code § 19.2-259 which provides: "A person tried for . . .
Bilokur v. Com. (SCV, 10/10/80)
. . . constitutional right of confrontation. . . .
Moreno v. Baskerville (SCV, 01/13/95)
. . . so he was tried on pleas of not guilty. Code § 19.2-259. . . .
Hunter v. Com. (COA, 09/24/91)
. . . two sources, the sixth amendment[1] and Code § 19.2-259."[2]Head v. Commonwealth, 3 Va.App. 163, . . .
Ellis v. Com. (SCV, 06/15/84)
. . . that this action violated his right under Code § 19.2-259 to be "personally present during the . . .
Remington v. Com. (SCV, 09/14/01)
. . . common law right and right under . . . Code § 19.2-259 in that [he] was absent from the courtroom . . .
Graham v. Com. (COA, 03/07/00)
. . . Constitution, Article 1, Section 8, and Code § 19.2-259.[4] . . .

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Theory Meets Practice: It's about Time!
Having a common notion of time is a basic building block in many networks and distributed systems. In sensor networks, for instance, time synchronization is needed for locating events by trilateration, or for establishing an efficient media access control. The problem is well-studied, both in theory and practice.
Nevertheless, several researchers have experienced and reported problems when trying to establish a common notion of time even in mid-scale networks. And also theoreticians all of a sudden started studying the problem again.
In my talk, I will discuss clock synchronization from a theoretical point of view (published at FOCS, PODC, and JACM), as well as from a practical point of view (published at IPSN and SenSys). Hopefully I can surprise the audience with some unexpected impossibility results, and new protocols that improve the state of the art considerably. As such clock synchronization may serve as a good example where theory meets practice.
I hope that the talk will be interesting to researchers with different backgrounds, such as networking, distributed systems, algorithms, or control theory.


text:
Timely Topics Podcasts and Webinars
A New Look at the Bretton Woods Agreement
This 23-minute podcast was released Oct. 2, 2019.
"The second World War was coming to an end, and there were many fears about what was going to happen to the world economy after the end of the war," says Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria, an economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. She talks with Christine Smith, a St. Louis Fed web content strategist. They discuss the Bretton Woods agreement, the establishment of an international monetary system, European reconstruction, and winners and losers from Bretton Woods.
Christine Smith: Thank you for listening to Timely Topics. This is a podcast series from the St. Louis Fed. I'm your host today, Christine Smith, and joining me in the studio we have Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria. She is a senior research economist here at the St. Louis Fed.
Hi, Paulina. How's it going?
Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria: Hi. How are you?
Smith: I'm doing well. So you've recorded several podcasts with us on subjects like search and matching, government debt, and sovereign debt specific to oil-producing nations. But today we're going to talk about a subject that's a little different, even historical. Right?
Restrepo-Echavarria: Hm-hmm [affirmative].
Smith: So this is the Bretton Woods agreement. And you've been researching this recently—
Restrepo-Echavarria: Yes.
Smith: ...and finding some pretty interesting things about it.
Restrepo-Echavarria: I have.
Smith: What was the Bretton Woods agreement and what did it entail?
Restrepo-Echavarria: So in July 1944, a new international monetary system was established. And what the system entailed was that all currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar, and the U.S. dollar was pegged to the price of gold. So that's pretty much a very brief definition of what the system officially was.
Smith: OK. And it's significant, too, because it's been 75 years since the Bretton Woods agreement was negotiated. And this was happening toward the tail end of World War II. I think there were 44 nations who participated in this?
Restrepo-Echavarria: Yes, that's absolutely right.
Smith: So as the war was coming to a tail end there, what were their objectives in wanting to agree to peg global currencies to the U.S. dollar, which was then backed by gold?
Restrepo-Echavarria: So, it's a very interesting time, I think. The second world war was coming to an end, and there were many fears about what was going to happen to the world economy after the end of the war for several reasons.
First, there were a lot of men who used to be in the Army fighting who were now going to join the labor force. There was a question of, would it be the case that labor markets are able or capable to absorb all of these new people that are going to come into the labor force? And there was no definite answer to that.
Then, because pretty much everything was in ruins. So we know that Europe in May 1945 woke up at peace but in ruins. And what is kind of striking is that if you look at the relative GDP of Europe, it went from being 63% of the U.S., to 30% of what the U.S. was. And so the outlook in terms of economic growth was very dark. They had expectations of very slow economic activity and they were very worried.
On top of that, you have to bring into the equation that there were fears about what had happened in the past. So when we think about economic activity, we think about two things: whatever is handled by markets and what's handled directly by governments.
And there was a lot of fear about markets working by themselves because they had in mind also the crash of the stock market in 1929. And then, there wasn't a lot of trust in governments because between World War I and World War II, a lot of them had driven voluntary devaluations in order to take advantage of trade with other countries. So there was a lot of suspicion, I guess, of certain governments.
So the world was in a situation where: Very bad outlook in economic terms, and no trust in markets and no trust in governments.
They basically came with a solution, and this is, one of the main motivations for Bretton Woods, which is: OK, if we don't trust markets and we don't trust governments, we need to make an agreement that will make everyone stick to one plan, which we think would be the plan that would make economic growth more successful. And so that gave rise to the system itself because the peg of currencies to the U.S. dollar would prevent any government from doing voluntary devaluations.
And the fact that the U.S. dollar was pegged to gold also kind of gave an anchor to the whole economy. It was kind of a way of enforcing that no one would deviate in some sense from the agreement.
Smith: We appreciate some of that context, too. So we know that basically, out of Bretton Woods, the dollar was going to be the international reserve currency—
Smith: —it was going to be backed by gold at $35 an ounce, and then any country could then exchange dollars for gold in theory.
Restrepo-Echavarria: Yes, that's right.
Smith: You mentioned in your paper that Bretton Woods has been studied pretty extensively. So I'm curious to know what made you want to take on something so complex?
Also, what makes the approach that you and your coauthors took unique? I know that you're undertaking this in conjunction with Mark L. J. Wright, who's the research director at the Minneapolis Fed, as well as Lee Ohanian, who is a member of the Hoover Institution and a professor at UCLA.
Restrepo-Echavarria: So in our research agenda, we've always had an interest on capital flows. So why is it that capital flows where it flows?
This is a perfect context to look at this issue because we know that, even though the main purpose of Bretton Woods was to have an international monetary system, what that monetary system at the end implied was that there were constraints on capital flows, or in other words, there were capital controls that were implemented.
So given that we're so interested in, why does capital flow where it flows? This is a perfect context to look at it. So this is what drove us to this question.
And the second thing is that we study capital flows in a real economic context, meaning that we use models that are real. They're not nominal. So we don't have money or exchange rates literally on them, but we just have quantities. And so we were very interested to see also what a real model could tell us about an issue that in everyone's mind is pretty much a monetary or a nominal issue. So this would be a completely new approach to the problem.
Smith: Based on the research that you've done, have you discovered that in your estimation, there were evident winners or losers in this agreement? And if so, why?
Restrepo-Echavarria: Hm-hmm [affirmative]. So this is a very interesting question. Let me go back a little bit in terms of the motivation of the project and how that's related to the fact that we saw winners or losers. We started with the motivation of, we know that the expectations about economic growth were very gloomy. Right? They expected growth to be weak. They weren't sure if increasing the labor force participation was going to be absorbed by labor markets, etc.
Well, it turns out that what happened was pretty different. Actually, the world grew at a pretty good rate, and we saw growth both in Asia, Latin America, Europe, the U.S. And so these predictions of a gloomy economic atmosphere did not realize at the end.
However, what we find is that Europe would have been able to reconstruct even faster than they did if it hadn't been for the Bretton Woods agreement.
So when we look at capital flows during the '50s and '60s, you can see very clearly the effects of the agreement because capital flows were close to zero during that period. And if you look at growth, you can see that the rest of the world—Asia, Latin America, Canada, Australia, mainly—they were growing faster than Western Europe and faster than the U.S.
Capital, as theory would predict, did flow in larger quantities through the rest of the world. However, Europe was growing faster than the U.S.
And when I say that Europe was growing faster than the U.S. and that the rest of the world was growing faster than Europe, I mean TFP; so total factor productivity, in the rest of the world grew faster. Second was Europe, with the second largest growth in productivity, and third was the U.S.
But when we look at capital flows to Europe and the U.S., the U.S. received more capital flows than Europe did. And that goes against economic theory, because economic theory would predict that capital should flow to the areas or regions where productivity growth is largest.
This means that Europe did not receive enough flows—enough capital—to reconstruct. So any reconstruction that happened was completely domestic. It was internal. They basically self-financed their reconstruction. And what we find is that if there hadn't been these capital controls or if it hadn't been for Bretton Woods, then sure enough, Europe would have received much more capital inflows and, as such, would have been able to reconstruct much faster.
This means, nevertheless, that at the end of those 20-something years, they would have ended up being much more indebted than they were. And this would clearly have implications for welfare, and that's something that we're still working on. We don't have definite answers.
But we do know that in terms of output, the contribution of Europe to world GDP would have been much larger. And we know that in terms of consumption shares, Europe would also have had a larger consumption share, especially in the '50s, than we observed under Bretton Woods.
So if you want to think that you're losing because you are not contributing as much to the world economy as you could, then one would have said that Europe was a "loser" in terms of the system. However, as I said, this doesn't mean that it wasn't good for them, in the sense that they did not end up owing so much to the rest of the world, which could have welfare implications. As I said, we're working on this part of the answer.
Smith: How was it then, as a follow-up question, that Bretton Woods had maybe a depressing effect on Europe, or it kind of tamped down potential growth that it could have realized?
Restrepo-Echavarria: It tamped down potential growth that it could have realized, that's right.
Smith: And why was that?
Restrepo-Echavarria: Because they were not receiving any investment from the rest of the world. So basically that investment that they could have received as capital inflows would have boosted, even further, their production, if you transform that into capital. So that could have definitely allowed them to produce even more than they did.
Smith: Can you tell me some more about your key findings? What have you observed as far as implications for world economic activity because of Bretton Woods?
Restrepo-Echavarria: The main implication is just that the world would have grown even faster if it weren't for Bretton Woods. Because basically what we see is that capital is being allocated in the wrong way in the sense that, as I mentioned, productivity was growing faster in Europe than it was growing in the U.S. But capital "flew" in larger quantities to the U.S. Very small quantities, because, as I said, during those 20 years, '50s and '60s, capital flows were, at most, 2% of GDP. So that's very small capital flows. But nevertheless, they should have gone to Europe.
We basically find that our methodology is very successful in letting us interpret Bretton Woods. But this is kind of a theoretical result; it really allows us to very cleanly identify the period in which we observe Bretton Woods occurring and, as a result, we can run these counterfactuals.
Because from the beginning, there's nothing that would have guaranteed that our methodology was actually going to be very successful at explaining the system, because we are parting from a real model and not a nominal model. But what we can see is that, using consumption data, we are actually very successful in identifying the capital controls that were imposed during this time.
So it turns out that we identified that Bretton Woods not only affected international capital controls, but had an effect on domestic capital frictions, as well. We can identify the size and how they changed over time, as well.
Smith: Paulina, when Bretton Woods was being negotiated back in the summer of 1944, two names that often get mentioned include John Maynard Keynes and then Harry Dexter White. Can you tell me who was at the negotiating table and maybe even which nations had some of the power and advantages?
Restrepo-Echavarria: So we know that representing Britain, we had Keynes. And then we know that Harry Dexter White, who was a chief economist of the U.S. Treasury at this time, was negotiating on behalf of the U.S.
What turned out to happen is that Keynes was pushing for a reserve currency called the "bancor." That's ideally what he wanted to have. But we know that what ended up happening was that the U.S. dollar ended up being chosen as the reserve currency. So in my view (and this is my interpretation from reading all the accords and all the documents that were signed at the time), Britain was not in a position to have a big bargaining power. They were in a position where they were the ones who needed the resources to reconstruct, and they could not bear their weight basically in the agreement.
The U.S. was in the opposite position. So at the end, what we see is that the U.S. was mostly the one who decided on the terms, and a proof of that is that the reserve currency ended up being the U.S. dollar, and that was the currency that ended up being pegged to gold.
So it was mainly an agreement that at the end, the details were decided by the U.S.
Smith: So this is 2019. We're no longer on the Bretton Woods agreement. The U.S. dollar may be as good as gold, but it's not officially pegged to a gold standard.
Smith: So, Paulina, tell me why did this agreement come to an end? What were some of the factors that ultimately led it to fail?
Restrepo-Echavarria: So I think that people have in mind one particular factor, which is the U.S. could not sustain the agreement anymore. It is true that in 1971, Nixon suspended dollar convertibility into gold because U.S. gold supply wasn't enough to cover all the number of dollars in circulation.
However, when you look at what happened during all those years, you see that the relative consumption of the U.S. was going down largely. Meaning that, if you compare the per capita consumption in the U.S. relative to the rest of the world for example, the consumption in the U.S. was going down relative to the rest of the world.
It was also the case that it was going down relative to Europe. So what this means for us is that in some sense one could interpret this as the U.S. was kind of "giving gifts" to everyone else, to the rest of the world. And the U.S. was sacrificing its own consumption, and this was brought by the agreement itself. So we do think that, even though the explanation or the reason that everyone has in mind is that the U.S. wasn't able to hold the parity to gold any longer—and that broke and after that, then people might have had doubts in terms of the dollar being a reserve currency—we think that more than that, the U.S. wasn't getting anything out of the agreement.
It wasn't a good agreement for the U.S. They were losing a lot of consumption relative to the rest of the world, and so there was really no point in continuing on it. So from a real perspective, we think that for the U.S., it was good to end the agreement.
Smith: That's interesting what you just said in relation to the United States. So if we were in a position of "giving gifts" and ultimately it wasn't good for the U.S.—and then earlier, how you discussed that Europe may have grown a lot faster were it not for Bretton Woods—looking back, can you say this was a good idea? It had good intentions, but maybe it didn't work out the way everybody expected it to?
Restrepo-Echavarria: So it's very hard to tell. Thinking about the counterfactual for the overall economy of the world is hard. However, as you correctly say, we do know that the world would have grown faster.
Now, it's difficult, right, because, given that the outlook was so gloomy on the world economy, it was very hard for them to predict that things were going to turn out so different.
I think that it would be very harsh to just say, it was a really bad idea. It's very easy to say it in retrospect. But our results do point out to the fact that maybe those policies were not so successful after all.
Smith: So in the context of today's economy, what are some of the relevant points that we can learn from Bretton Woods?
Restrepo-Echavarria: It's kind of hard to extrapolate policies that were implemented in one period of time to a different one, because everything changes, and policies are different, affecting different dimensions of the economy.
One of the main messages that we've found in our research with Lee and Mark is that labor market frictions are extremely important for capital flows. So it could be that you lift all your capital controls, but if you have frictions in the labor market, then that still prevents capital from flowing where it should flow.
However, I would say definitely that something that we have learned from our research is that capital controls don't seem to have positive effect on the economy. They distort the way in which capital flows, to some extent. We can see the example between the U.S. and Europe in the '50s and '60s which I mentioned before, which is at the end what happened was that capital flew in larger quantities to the U.S. even though productivity grew slower in the U.S. and in Europe during this time. And so capital would have been much better allocated if sent to Europe—when we focus only on that dimension, because there are frictions in different markets that will affect the optimal allocation of capital.
But, if anything, I do think that we see that we haven't gained in the past anything by having capital controls. If anything, we've lost. And also, if you want to take the traditional approach to thinking about Bretton Woods, one can say, it's pretty costly to maintain a gold standard if you want to go there, right, because it takes a lot of effort. You need to maintain the money in circulation at the right level given the reserves of gold that you have.
On the other hand, if you're going to peg other currencies to that currency which is pegged to gold, it takes also a lot of effort from countries because they also need to have the right levels of international reserves to be able to be pegged to the dollar. My personal view is that it requires a lot of effort and it doesn't seem to pay off, is at least what we've seen in our research. So I would say that what we can learn today, I don't think that going the way of capital controls is the best way to go.
Smith: That's really interesting. We'd be remiss to talk about Bretton Woods and not mention two big entities that came out of it. So we have the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund—
Smith: —coming out of the Bretton Woods agreement, too. I was curious to know if you had any thoughts on the legacy of those organizations and maybe even how they've evolved from what their original intent was under Bretton Woods?
Restrepo-Echavarria: That's a very good question. So we know that the World Bank started as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. That was how it was initially called, and it was meant to finance the reconstruction of Europe, or send the necessary capital flows to Europe in order to reconstruct.
We know that there were hardly any capital flows to Europe between the '50s and '60s. And supposedly the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was created for that. It was created to transfer funds or resources to Europe to reconstruct. What that tells us is, it seems like they didn't do what they were meant to do. What they were created for, they did not do it. When you look at the actual amounts that they transferred to European countries, they're not large, they're not large at all, and so much so that you cannot see it in net exports. It's not reflected in national accounts.
Now, how it has evolved now, you know, we know that it's now the World Bank and it's aiming towards development and improving equality. So to that extent, I think that it kind of evolved to an organization that is important worldwide. The world definitely needs an organization that aims towards decreasing inequality. My point is that we don't really see in the data what we should have seen from the effect of the creation of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development at the time.
Now in terms of the IMF, did they do their job when the IMF was created? Well, it seems like they did, because if their job was to control speculative capital flows, and we know that there were no capital flows during these two decades. Well, to that extent, it seems like they clearly controlled speculative capital flows. Now, the IMF has evolved to something very different, in my mind. I think that the IMF has now transformed into a "lender of last resort." The IMF is basically the entity that rescues any country from default situations. So they're very important when it comes to resolving that crisis.
It's important to have a lender of last resort. I mean, we see countries like Argentina who repeatedly defaults, and the IMF is always there. The other thing that they do nowadays is that they impose fiscal stability in all the countries around the world basically. They're like the economic police. They're after every single country, checking that their fiscal deficits are not too large, that they're able to repay their debts, and when they don't, they stand by them.
So I think that that's now the role that they play more than controlling speculative capital flows.
Smith: That's interesting then, that the World Bank, as you mentioned, it was originally the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and it was supposed to provide assistance to countries that had been ravaged by World War II. And now it's kind of focused on reducing extreme poverty and then increasing prosperity around the world.
And the IMF, then, is the lender of last resort. Like, financial crisis hits, IMF is there.
Smith: But you don't want the IMF, you don't want them to have to be there for you—
Restrepo-Echavarria: Exactly.
Smith: —to avoid financial crisis. Well, thank you so much for your thoughts today on Bretton Woods.
You can go to research.stlouisfed.org to find more of Paulina's research on this and other subjects. And you can also go to our website, stlouisfed.org/timelytopics for more of Paulina's podcasts. Finally, you can listen to this on any of your favorite podcasting apps, whether that's Apple Podcast, TuneIn, Spotify or Stitcher.
Thank you so much for joining us today, Paulina. It's been a pleasure speaking with you.
Restrepo-Echavarria: Thank you so much for having me.
About Timely Topics
Economists and other experts from the St. Louis Fed talk about their research, economics-related topics in the news and issues specifically related to the Fed. Views expressed are not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis or of the Federal Reserve System.
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Economic Lowdown


text:
from django.views.generic import TemplateView, FormView
from django.views.generic.base import TemplateResponseMixin
from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.http import Http404
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.db.models import Q
from django.contrib import messages
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from envelope.views import ContactView
from haystack.views import FacetedSearchView
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
import models
import forms

class BasePageView(TemplateResponseMixin):
    """ All pages should inherit this class to get shared components
    """

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # get shared objets between pages
        self.pages = models.Page.objects.get(url='/').get_descendants()
        if not request.user.is_superuser:
            # Exclude pages with registration_required and that not include
            # any group from the user
            self.pages = self.pages.exclude(
                ~Q(groups=None),
                ~Q(groups__in=self.request.user.groups.all()),
                registration_required=True)
        return super(BasePageView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(BasePageView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        # Add shared objects
        context['pages'] = self.pages
        return context

class HomePageView(TemplateView, BasePageView):

    template_name = "pages/home.html"

class GenericPageView(DetailView, BasePageView):

    template_name = "pages/page.html"
    model = models.Page
    context_object_name = 'page'

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.user = request.user
        return super(GenericPageView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        if queryset is None:
            queryset = self.get_queryset()
        # Get page by url
        url = self.kwargs.get('url', '')
        queryset = queryset.filter(url='/' + url)
        try:
            obj = queryset.get()
        except ObjectDoesNotExist:
            raise Http404(_(u"Page not found"))
        return obj

    def get_template_names(self):
        if self.object.template_name:
            return [self.object.template_name]
        if self.object.include_children:
            return ['pages/page-sections.html']
        return super(GenericPageView, self).get_template_names()

    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.object = self.get_object()
        if self.object.registration_required and not self.user.is_authenticated():
            return redirect('/login/')
        return super(GenericPageView, self).get(*args, **kwargs)

class ChangeProfileView(FormView, BasePageView):

    template_name = "registration/change_profile.html"
    form_class = forms.UserProfileForm
    success_url = '/'

    @method_decorator(login_required)
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.user = self.request.user
        return super(ChangeProfileView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get_form_kwargs(self):
        kwargs = super(ChangeProfileView, self).get_form_kwargs()
        kwargs['user'] = self.user
        return kwargs

    def form_valid(self, form):
        self.user.first_name = form.cleaned_data['first_name']
        self.user.last_name = form.cleaned_data['last_name']
        self.user.email = form.cleaned_data['email']
        if len(form.cleaned_data['new_password']) > 0:
            self.user.set_password(form.cleaned_data['new_password'])
        self.user.save()
        messages.add_message(self.request, messages.SUCCESS, _('Profile updated'))
        return super(ChangeProfileView, self).form_valid(form)

class WebContactView(ContactView, BasePageView):

    form_class = forms.WebContactForm

    def get_page(self):
        try:
            url = reverse('envelope-contact')
            page = models.Page.objects.get(url=url)
        except ObjectDoesNotExist:
            page = models.Page()
            page.title = _('Contact')
        return page

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(WebContactView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['page'] = self.get_page()
        return context

class SocibSearchView(FacetedSearchView):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if kwargs.get('form_class') is None:
            kwargs['form_class'] = forms.YearFacetedModelSearchForm
        super(SocibSearchView, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def __call__(self, request):
        return super(SocibSearchView, self).__call__(request)

    def get_page(self):
        try:
            url = reverse('socib_search_view')
            page = models.Page.objects.get(url=url)
        except ObjectDoesNotExist:
            page = models.Page()
            page.title = _('Search')
            page.url = reverse('socib_search_view')
        return page

    def extra_context(self):
        extra = super(SocibSearchView, self).extra_context()
        extra['suggestion'] = ''
        if self.query and \
           hasattr(self.results, 'query') and \
           self.results.query.backend.include_spelling:
            if self.results.spelling_suggestion() and \
               self.results.spelling_suggestion().lower() != self.query.strip().lower():
                extra['suggestion'] = self.results.spelling_suggestion()

        self.pages = models.Page.objects.get(url='/').get_descendants()

        if not self.request.user.is_superuser:
            # Exclude pages with registration_required and that not include
            # any group from the user
            self.pages = self.pages.exclude(
                ~Q(groups=None),
                ~Q(groups__in=self.request.user.groups.all()),
                registration_required=True)
        extra['pages'] = self.pages
        extra['search_page'] = self.get_page()
        extra['year'] = None
        extra['section_names'] = []
        extra['facet_query'] = ''
        if hasattr(self.form, 'cleaned_data') and\
           'year' in self.form.cleaned_data and\
           self.form.cleaned_data['year']:
            extra['year'] = self.form.cleaned_data['year']
            extra['facet_query'] += u"&year=%s" % extra['year']
        if hasattr(self.form, 'selected_facets'):
            for facet in self.form.selected_facets:
                if ":" not in facet:
                    continue
                field, value = facet.split(":", 1)
                if field != "section_name":
                    continue
                extra['section_names'].append(value)
                extra['facet_query'] += u"&selected_facets=section_name:%s" % value
        return extra


Women are fond of cosmetic products, therefore there are many cosmetic stores in Siwan to cater to such needs of the ladies in the city. There are many cosmetic stores in Siwan which sell a range of cosmetic products manufactured by all the leading brands in the market. The cosmetic shops cater to the needs of such women who are looking for daily use products and even the products for a specific purpose. These shops also sell some of the daily need products which are required by the people of the city.Below given is list of cosmetic shops in Siwan from where you can range of beauty products at affordable rates.


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Once a spectacular outdoor shopping center with four anchors (one of which was incorporated into another so that one anchor had two huge stores), this shopping center had three fountain plazas of architectural note from historic landscape and fountain architect Lawrence Halprin, including the landmark Genesis fountain. This destination changed under the ownership of Paramount Group, a retail property holding firm that claimed no relationship to Paramount Pictures, although records indicated some founding investors were from the like named studio.
Paramount Group rebuilt NW Plaza to put a roof over it, and double the retail space. Their design did facilitate a potential to dramatically revise the look of the mall to keep it fresh, to potentially update it for multiple movie/TV show use, a potential never realized. St. Louis had appeared to be a potential growth point for tv/movie production, but that collapsed on itself in 1989.
The post roofing footage was 2.2 Million square feet, and at one point, the mall was 97% occupied. Anchors were Dillards, Sears, JCPenney and Famous-Barr. The one time second building for Famous (pre-remodeling) was then a three story feature, with a 14 screen cinema on top, a 100% occupied food court at mall level, and the third of four Tilt Superstores, a 40K square foot entertainment center with a mini-golf, kiddie land, carousel, two carnival features, a popcorn truck, a simulator theater, nearly 300 video, pinball and arcade games, and six huge party rooms.
The mall remained king for about 5-8 years, then declines began. Slow until after 2003, but the rates increased as the ownership of Westfield wore on. Paramount Group bailed ownership in the mid-90's and sold to a forgotten company. That company was bought out completely by Westfield in their quest to take over the mall world. Under Westfield (who owned all but 2 of the area's biggest malls), all StL malls slumped, but NW suffered the most. NW was eventually spun off to another forgotten owner, who contracted General Growth to manage the site while they explored a TIF redevelopment.
St. Ann robustly supported the TIF, but the owners fell on hard times before the recession, and never got investment to redevelop. They eventually defaulted on their $45 million mortgage and was foreclosed at a value of $30 million to current bank owners. A big part of the devaluation was the discovery of hundreds of code violations that would result in far more reconstruction costs than was originally expected.
Serious structural flaws, plumbing violations, electrical shortcuts that could lead to potentially fatal risks were found, and an investigation was launched to track down and punish those who allowed these dangers to be built and pass inspection at the time of putting the roof on. The investigation died quicker than the mall when the liable parties were all found to be non-existant; Paramount group had been sold out to two tiers of now forgotten owners before they were bought out by Westfield, who no longer exists in the USA, so all records of liable parties on the ownership side no longer exist. Also, the Mayor, Code Enforcement Officer and Fire Marshall for St. Ann and its associated fire department have all three passed away in the years since. Put simply, there is no way to punish those who allowed this to get by.
As to today at NW Plaza, the 2.2 Million square feet is largely empty, with the only foot prints being 1 anchor, Sears, a gazebo type shop inside, five store fronts inside, and four store fronts outside. The lst of the food court units closed in the fall of '09, and all the tables were then removed from the food court. The center court fountain was covered over in 2008 with a carpeted cover. These days, most of the lights inside are turned off, so the place looks closed and empty at night.
Sears does surprisingly well despite, but recent advertising practices bring locals to wonder if that store is going to close this year. Many expect the mall to shutter before summer, as the volume of revenue cannot justify the cost of a/c. Those stores still open are holding out for leases to run out, or the owners to buy them out and shutter the place. The banks that own the place already have taken a financial beating on the place, and are trying to avoid buy back expenses that they would have to pay to close out leases early to allow shut down.
And the city of St. Ann is in dread of the place going dark, as they have a significant amount of vacant retail space in their city limits, and don't want more.


text:
Everton interested in exciting La Liga forward
By John Menzies - 3 January 2023, 22:41
Almeria have a history of being a club that gives young players a chance, before selling them on for big profit.
With previous cases including now-Liverpool striker Darwin Nunez, who netted the club a record fee of €24m, there's plenty of evidence to show that Almeria are an exciting club for young players to show their ability.
One player that has done just that is Largie Ramazani. Since joining from Manchester United in 2020, the Belgian has proven himself to be an exciting talent. Still being just 21, his best years are ahead of him, and Almeria can expect another big payday when he departs.
That situation could be sooner rather than later. According to AS, Ramazani is wanted by Premier League club Everton. Frank Lampard's men have struggled so far this season, and are seeking out Ramazani as someone that can provide an attacking edge.
La Liga duo Sevilla and Valencia are also said to be interested in Ramazani. However, Almeria are under no pressure to sell the young forward, and will look to hold out for his release clause, which is set at €40m.
Image via EFE
John Menzies
Tags Almeria everton Largie Ramazani
Five Premier League clubs considering move for Atletico Madrid forward target
Fabrizio Romano confirms Villarreal's Arnaut Danjuma Premier League destination
Marcelino linked with Everton job


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All the latest best wind chimes reviews consumer reports are written by real customers on websites. You should read more consumer reviews and answered questions about StealStreet 800502 28″ Metal Spinner Wind Chime with Poly Resin Moon/Sun Center below.


text:
India Premier League: We're coming to America!
By Axion Jan 19, 2010, 3:00pm EST
Share All sharing options for: India Premier League: We're coming to America!
Indian Premier League unveils plans to hit America for six - Times Online
The India Premier League, no doubt faced with the skyrocketing costs of their domestic audiences, is outsourcing to the good old U. S. of A. They come flaunting their flamboyance, their wealthy and attractive movie stars, and... waving our history in our face?
George Washington played the game, Abraham Lincoln was a keen spectator and the first copy of the official rulebook to reach the country was imported by Benjamin Franklin.
Phooey to that, I say. The Powdered Wig Consortium tried to make a comeback on the Forefathers platform in the 80s and it never panned out. But I am excited to exchange cucumber sandwich recipes over tea. Tax-free tea.
Move over Barbara Walters, we'll be hosting Twenty20 matches in the next 18 months, according to Lalit Modi, vice-president of the Board of Control of Cricket in India. So why cricket, and why now?
America is home to the world's most valuable advertising market and a large population with roots in cricketing regions such as India, Pakistan and the West Indies. It is estimated that the US has 30,000 amateur players and the USA Cricket Association claims that there are 15 million American cricket fans. Mr Modi is betting that large numbers of them will pay to see the superstars of the IPL in action and splurge on merchandise.
I get it, you wave our forefathers in our faces, and we'll wave pieces of paper, with their faces on them, in your faces. Seems like an even trade to me. I can't wait to see what type of merchandise is available. I'd really like a Deccan Chargers hat with the label still on it so everyone knows it's fresh. That, and I need to wash away the buyer's remorse from my Jimmie Johnson jumpsuit, from back when I thought NASCAR was going to be the next hip hop trend.
The article goes on to cite reasons why Americans might have fallen out of love with cricket. From asserting that we're nothing but instant gratificationists, partisan in our hatred for all things British since the American Revolution, to thinking we're still mad about that time in 1909 when the British Empire founded the Imperial Cricket Conference and left us out.
The IPL faces an uphill battle, one marked with obstacles such as indifference and ineptitude. First of all, they hope to emulate the entertainment of baseball and basketball. I love baseball, but I can understand when people say they're bored by watching it, because I am equally bored by basketball. Secondly, Americans are pretty focused on football and football-related sports that aren't soccer. David Beckham's run with the LA Galaxy was met with a giant "meh" from one of the world's largest sports markets. Thirdly, someone thought it was a good idea to build the U.S.'s only cricket stadium in Florida, a state with two Major League Baseball teams struggling to draw a crowd.
No matter the obstacles, I look forward to their attempt to reunite us with our long lost cousin. It's much easier to follow uncommon sports when they happen on your continent.


text:
HomeHow-To Guides for Actors'Rogue One: A Star Wars Story' Actor Riz Ahmed Got "Obsessive" For His Audition
How-To Guides for Actors
'Rogue One: A Star Wars Story' Actor Riz Ahmed Got "Obsessive" For His Audition
Project Casting
LOS ANGELES, CA. October 01, 2018: Riz Ahmed at the world premiere for "Venom" at the Regency Village Theatre. Picture: Paul Smith/Featureflash
Riz Ahmed reveals how he landed a role on Rogue One: A Star Wars Story.
Actor Riz Ahmed has experience working on major motion pictures, TV shows, and productions. One of his most prominent roles includes playing Imperial cargo pilot Bodhi Rook in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story. However, while appearing on The Jonathan Ross Show, Ahmed spoke about how much he wanted the part and how it made him a little bit crazy.
Ahmed admits that he wanted to be in the Star Wars spinoff so severely that he pushed the limits to convince the director he was right for the part. He says, "I went a bit overboard, a bit over the top, I got a bit obsessive about my work. They were like, 'Could you read for this scene?' And the director made the stupid mistake of giving me his email address so I recorded an audition and I sent it to him … I started thinking, 'Hang on a minute, I can do it better' so I sent him another audition. And I sent him another one."
Riz Ahmed, Reid Scott, Tom Hardy and Michelle Williams at the Los Angeles premiere of 'Venom' held at the Regency Village Theatre in Westwood, the USA on October 1, 2018. (Tinseltown / Shutterstock.com)
But Ahmed did stop there. Three takes were not enough. He reveals, "Over the next three days I sent him 14 different versions of this scene. And the thing is when I watch them back now, they are not even that different. I just changed my clothes!"
Ahmed ended up getting the role on Rogue One. But it begs the question - would this work for every aspiring actor?
New 'Star Wars' Live-Action Series 'The Mandalorian' Details Revealed
'Star Wars: Episode IX' is Now Casting a New Speaking Role (Report)
'Star Wars: Episode 9': How To Audition for a Speaking Role
acting tips
Riz Ahmed
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How to Network in Hollywood: Tips for Connecting in the Film Industry
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What is Method Acting? Method Acting Explained
Hawaiian Tropic Commercial Casting Call (Pay is $2,250)


The City of Irvine is a diverse community with an international reputation. As such, community interest exists in creating ways to establish relationships with international cities through communication and the sharing of information.
The Friendship Cities Program provides Irvine with an additional opportunity to initiate relationships to promote the City's future international relations. Friendship city relationships may include the exchange of correspondence between mayors, members of the city council, and other community leaders regarding areas of mutual interest.


A city in the state of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh has a population of more than 300,000, making it the 62nd largest city in the US. It is known as the "City of Bridges" because of its 446 bridges and the "Steel City" because of its greater than 300 steel businesses!
Besides its skyscrapers and its Allegheny Mountains chockfull of minerals, visitors are attracted to Pittsburgh for many reasons, some of it is to visit the botanical gardens in the Phipps Conservatory, see exquisite art at the Carnegie Museum of Art, discover how the world works at the Carnegie Science Center, wonder at the creativity of one of the greatest artists in the world at the Andy Warhol Museum, etc.
People also visit Pittsburgh to check out the job opportunities there. This article describes some aspects of the working environment in Pittsburgh.
Besides steel, Pittsburgh is the lead manufacturer of glass, aluminum, petroleum, shipbuilding, sports, foods, transportation, autos, computing, and electronics. Companies who spend the most in Pittsburgh, however, are technology companies, such as Apple, Google, Facebook, Bosch, Uber, Autodesk, Nokia, and IBM, producing USD 20.7 billion a year for Pittsburgh earners. There are actually a total of 1,600 tech companies in Pittsburgh!
Pittsburgh is also the federal agency headquarters for quite a while now for software engineering, cyber defense, robotics, nuclear navy, and energy research. Other notable companies in Pittsburgh who have headquarters here are the US's 5th biggest bank, 8 Fortune 500 Companies, and 6 US law firms in the top 300. Companies that have regional headquarters in Pittsburgh are BNY Mellon, RAND, Nova, Bayer, FedEx, and NIOSH. So, there are a lot of working options here in Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh was included in one of the most livable cities in the world in 2015. Actually, The Economist, in its Global Liveability Ranking, consistently placed Pittsburgh as the 1st or 2nd most livable US city. This could be connected to the fact that it is relatively more affordable to build a house in Pittsburgh as compared to other US cities.
However, you should note that Pittsburgh has an unemployment rate of 5.60%, higher than the US unemployment rate of 5.20%, indicating that it may be slightly more difficult to find a job in this city. Moreover, it may be possible that this situation would not improve any time soon, since recent job growth was just 0.85%, lower than the US average of 1.59%.
Although sales tax is at 7% in Pittsburgh is higher when put against the 6% in the US on average (meaning goods can sometimes be a little more expensive in this city), income taxes here is at 4.57%, a bit lower than the 4.60% in the US. This means that you can take home more of your salary.
Taking all of these in consideration, would you want to live and work in Pittsburgh?


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Maxine was a proud member of Happy Hill Church in Ramona. She was of Cherokee Indian descent, a fact of which she was also very proud. She enjoyed many things in life, such as reading, crocheting and fishing, but most of all, she enjoyed her family.Survivors include, son, Ray Moland, of Bartlesville; daughters, Jo Anne Bennett of Broken Arrow, Oklahoma; Marsha Cates (Don), of Bartlesville; Janeen McGuire of Bartlesville; six grandchildren; 18 great-grandchildren; and three great-great grandchildren.She was preceded in death by her parents; brothers, William Ray Thomas and Clifford Zeldon Thomas and sister, Ruby Louise Sears.Remembrances may be made in Maxine's memory to the Happy Hill Church, 399758 W. 3100 Rd, Ramona, OK 74061.Visitation will be held on Thursday from 9:00 am-8:00 pm in the Arnold Moore & Neekamp Funeral Home, 710 S. Dewey, Bartlesville. Family will be present to receive friends from 6-8:00 pm.A service in celebration of Maxine's life will be held on Friday, June 23, 2017, at 2:00 pm in the Happy Hill Church, Ramona. Rev. Jack Richie and Rev. Charles Richie will be the officiants.Arrangements are under the direction of the Arnold Moore and Neekamp Funeral Home. Online condolences may be sent to www.honoringmemories.com.
She was 82.Born in Norristown, she was the daughter of the late Albert and Marion (Alba) Russo. She was a graduate of Norristown High School.Grace had been employed by the Reading/Conrail Railroad until her retirement.After retiring, Grace especially enjoyed gardening, crocheting, crafting, playing bingo, and spending time with her family. She also had a great love for animals.She is survived by her four children, Kathleen Connors (Roger Mick), of Chalfont; Diane Jaynes (Richard), of East Rockhill Township; Thomas Connors, of Buckingham; and John Johnston (Theresa), of Willow Grove; six grandchildren, Bryon, Matthew, Nicole, Heather, Amanda, and Christopher; three great-grandchildren, Charlotte, Adaline, and Alica; and two sisters, Josie Devers, of Willow Grove, and Betty Pacanowski, of Norristown. She was preceded in death by four siblings, Lillian Paciello, Peter Russo, Nancy Imperatore, and Mary Ciarletta.Services will be private.In lieu of flowers, contributions in Grace's memory may be made to any animal rescue organization.
In 1983, they moved to Beemer, NE, where Clara operated the Beemer Café for a few years.Clara was a member of St. John's Lutheran Church, Beemer Optimists and West Point Crime Stoppers. She enjoyed reading, word searches, knitting, and playing cards.Survivors include-Daughter- Angela (Schutt) and Bob Fundermann of Anthon, IADaughter-DeAnna Montes of Beemer, NESon-Kevin and Porsche Schutt of Powder Springs, GAGrandchildren- Sydney Fundermann, Taylor Fundermann, Ashley and BJ Richtig and children-Genesys & Nevaeh, Justice and Aleisha Lyons, Abigayle Schutt, Jake Schutt, and Danise LoydStep-Children-Allan and Sheryl Lierman of Lincoln, NERonnie and Sandy Lierman of Beemer, NEDanny and Evonne Lierman of Beemer, NESteve Lierman of Omaha, NECory and Debbie Lierman of Omaha, NETami and Larry Jones of Salt Lake City, UTLonnie and Nancy Lierman of West Point, NESeveral Step-grandchildren and step-great grandchildrenBrother-Merv and Judy McDonough of Camdenton, MOSisters- Louise and Delbert Hansen of Oakland, NEDorothy Belden of Kansas City, KSDebbie and Mike Widerstrom of Woodburn, ORShe was preceded in death by her parents, husband-Dennis, and four sisters-Winnie Ott, Marian Willmer, Carolyn Loges, and Merna Cline.
Parmesan cheese blocks. Phil is survived by his son Andrew Rotondo (and wife Margaret) of Dover NH, daughter Amanda Rotondo (and husband Chris Hayes) of Reading MA; sister Dolores Wiener (and husband Kurt); and grandchildren Abigail and John Hayes. Calling hours will be held on Tuesday, June 13th from 5:00 - 7:30pm at the Vincent Funeral Home, 120 Albany Turnpike in Canton. Services will be held at the funeral home on Wednesday June 14th at 12 noon, followed by interment at St. Ann's Cemetery in Avon. In lieu of flowers, please consider a donation to Joy of Music. www.jomp.org. Please visit Phil's "Book of Memories" at www.vincentfuneralhome.com for online condolences. Get free real-time news alerts from the Avon Patch. Originally published June 13, 2017.


text:
Svercus palmetorum is a small species of cricket, and the sole member of the genus Svercus.

Distribution and habitat
The subspecies  Svercus p. palmetorum is widespread in North Africa, South-Western Asia, Cyprus and Malta - in Italy it was observed in Sardinia, Sicily, Calabria, and probably the subspecies can be encountered also in Corsica. Another subspecies,  Svercus p. geonomes (Otte & Cade, 1984) lives in Southern Africa and Madagascar.

Description
The adult males grow up to  long, while females reach . The overall color is blackish, with a whitish band on the forehead. In both sexes, hind wings are reduced and the fore wings cover almost the entirety of the abdomen. The species resembles Modicogryllus algirius but is bigger and can be easily distinguished by the shorter wings, the shape of male genitalia and by its typical restless, melodious and sharp song emitted at a frenzied rhythm of up to 150 syllables per second.

Biology
Adults can be found in Spring and Summer in rather wet, even brackish habitats  and can dive and swim when needed.
Its small size and its mobility make it uneasy to catch, but it can be attracted to food traps with vinegar and beer, and sometimes can be found in pitfall traps.

Gallery

References

Bibliography
 Brizio, C. & Buzzetti F.M. 2014. Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (1): 25–38 >> Ultrasound recordings of some Orthoptera from Sardinia (Italy)
 Krauss H.A., 1902. Verhandlungen der ZoologischBotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 52: 230–254. >> Beitragzurkenntniss der Orthopterenfauna der Sahara
 Otte, D. & Cade. 1984. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.) 136:98-122 >>  African crickets (Gryllidae). 6. The genus Gryllus and some related genera (Gryllinae, Gryllini)

External links

 Page with an audio sample of Svercus palmetorum palmetorum

Insects described in 1902
Gryllinae
Orthoptera of Europe
Taxa named by Hermann August Krauss
Monotypic Orthoptera genera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia