text:
Q: How to fix OOM error from following code? Here, I am implementing a VGG-19 variant code, that is providing an error as OOM, how do I fix it?
The code environment has been created in Google Collab, please instruct how may I use GPU resource? the GPU resource already connected in the created environment, just inform me how to write the code to access it?
The Python Code:
import keras
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, Flatten
from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D
import numpy as np
import cv2
import os
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator, load_img, img_to_array
from PIL import Image
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator, load_img, img_to_array
from keras.layers.normalization import BatchNormalization
import csv

src_dir = '/content/drive/My Drive/CASIA_B90PerfectCentrallyAlinged2_Optical_Image/'
train_imgs = []
train_labels = []
test_imgs = []
test_labels = []
subjects = os.listdir(src_dir)
numberOfSubject = len(subjects)
print('Number of Subjects: ', numberOfSubject)

batch_size = 4
num_classes = numberOfSubject
epochs = 40
#178, 256, 1
model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu', input_shape=(48, 48, 1)))
model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=1, padding='valid'))

model.add(Conv2D(128, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu'))
model.add(Conv2D(128, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=1, padding='valid'))

model.add(Conv2D(256, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu'))
model.add(Conv2D(256, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu'))
model.add(Conv2D(256, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=1, padding='valid'))

model.add(Conv2D(512, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu'))
model.add(Conv2D(512, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu'))
model.add(Conv2D(512, (3, 3), padding='same', activation='relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=1, padding='valid'))

model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(4096, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dropout(0.5))
model.add(Dense(4096, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dropout(0.5))
model.add(Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax'))
model.summary()

opt = keras.optimizers.rmsprop(lr=0.001)

model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer=opt, metrics=['accuracy'])

Error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/content/drive/My Drive/GEINet_and_PEINet/VGG19_layer_1_less.py", line 48, in <module>
    model.add(Dense(4096, activation='relu'))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/engine/sequential.py", line 182, in add
    output_tensor = layer(self.outputs[0])
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/backend/tensorflow_backend.py", line 75, in symbolic_fn_wrapper
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/engine/base_layer.py", line 463, in __call__
    self.build(unpack_singleton(input_shapes))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/layers/core.py", line 895, in build
    constraint=self.kernel_constraint)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/engine/base_layer.py", line 279, in add_weight
    weight = K.variable(initializer(shape, dtype=dtype),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/initializers.py", line 227, in __call__
    dtype=dtype, seed=self.seed)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/backend/tensorflow_backend.py", line 4357, in random_uniform
    shape, minval=minval, maxval=maxval, dtype=dtype, seed=seed)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/backend.py", line 5686, in random_uniform
    shape, minval=minval, maxval=maxval, dtype=dtype, seed=seed)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/random_ops.py", line 296, in random_uniform
    shape, dtype, seed=seed1, seed2=seed2)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/gen_random_ops.py", line 724, in random_uniform
    _ops.raise_from_not_ok_status(e, name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py", line 6653, in raise_from_not_ok_status
    six.raise_from(core._status_to_exception(e.code, message), None)
  File "<string>", line 3, in raise_from
tensorflow.python.framework.errors_impl.ResourceExhaustedError: OOM when allocating tensor with shape[991232,4096] and type float on /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 by allocator GPU_0_bfc [Op:RandomUniform]

A: The problem is not using the GPU, it is that the GPU ran out of memory. It is probably because the network size it too big to handle.
please note that your input is of size 48x48x1, which means that the output of the last Conv layer(after 4 Pooling steps) is of size 3x3x512. This layer is connected to a Dense layer with 4096, which means it has 3x3x512x4096 parameters. Then the last layer is additional 4096 neurions, which means additional 4096x4096 parameters. In total you have more than 36M parameters only in the last 2 layers. Then you connect it to the final layer in the size of number of classes, which is additional 4096xnum_classes parameters (which may be a lot, that depends on the number of classes you have).
So first try to reduce the number of neurons in the Dense layers, and in addition you maybe use to mach filters in your last convolution layers. A typical size of an "embedding" vector which uses for the final linear classification is 128-512, depends on the problem and the given data.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Pastor's Messages
Sunday Adult Bible Study
Children's Bible Education
Thursday Bible Study
Opportunities to Contribute Financially
The Scarsdale Community Baptist Church began in 1928 when a group of people met to discuss their conviction that Scarsdale needed a new church. Many in the group were Baptists, and many others represented other Christian denominations. Their common vision was to create an inclusive church in which all would be welcome without regard to previous religious affiliation or practice.
The first meeting place was the town theatre.
The new congregation decided to affiliate with the American Baptists as one link to the broader Christian community. In part this decision reflected convenience because the American Baptists desired to sponsor a congregation in Scarsdale and helped the new congregation. It also reflected the group's vision because Baptists demonstrate great freedom in worship, belief and practice then and now, and remain one of the most diverse religious groups in the United States.
The Scarsdale Community Baptist Church building is a replica of an English "village church," and was completed in time for worship at Christmas, 1931. The sanctuary was built to replicate the dimensions of Solomon's temple in Jerusalem, its interior beams were hewn from Cedars of Lebanon, and it is full of early Christian symbolism. An educational wing was added and dedicated in 1950.
The building is used for the church's programs of worship, outreach, fellowship and education, and is also used by a wide range of community groups including a music school, a Chinese Language program, self-help groups and is the home of the Scarsdale Community Baptist Church Nursery School. The church therefore functions as a "village church," but also draws members and participants from around the metropolitan New York City area.
914-723-1734 Scarsdale Community Baptist Church, Popham and Autenrieth Roads, Scarsdale, NY 10583 Copyright 2017 |

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Whew! It feels good to be back. I go caught up on a whole bunch of stuff. But boy, do I need a drink. Good thing I have this barrel of Negronis on hand. I featured my rotund wooden beauty in a recent newsletter, although I was concerned about mentioning my Negronis on social media because I often get in trouble with auto-corrected text. But there's nothing to "clean up" after a few Negronis except perhaps you, and your guests.
I am in love with my barrel and was delighted when a friend in Paris saw it in my newsletter and called right away to tell me she had an old barrel holding up a bookshelf in her house, and brought it by as a gift the other day. However when I filled the it with water, it became what is probably the first indoor water sprinkler, with water spraying everywhere from between the bulging staves. So I'm glad to have a "pro" model to fall back on.
Still, on delivery day, I returned the favor by offering her a Negroni, which my friends, family, neighbors, and probably even the delivery people around here are going to start lining up for. That, my folks, is what happens when you have barrels are cocktails on tap. Negronis are high-test drinks, composed only of alcohol with just a few ice cubes to dilute the madness. I've been thinking about cocktails a lot lately. And not just because I just realized that I'm not really well-equipped at handling, well – anything, lately. Hence the need for the break.
But also because mixing cocktails is like making pastries; there is a certain balance of flavors and ingredients. And once you hit that, all is good with the world. Negronis have their fans, and I've become one too, because the Negroni is perhaps the simplest cocktail to make and there's no need to remember a list of ingredients or measurements; it's just 1:1:1.
And it's the perfect cocktail to roll out your barrel for. My beauty is from Plantation Rum, and is on loan from Candelaria, which I hauled home through the streets of Paris and apparently is not quite a usual sight around town. At least judging from the stares I got. And almost as soon as I got it safely inside my front door and into my kitchen, I poured my three bottles of liquor into the barrel a couple, then waited a few months to start letting the drinks trickle out, tasting hourly daily, to check the results.
The verdict? Delicious, and potent. Proceed with caution.
I used Campari, Punt e Mes (sweet vermouth) and Citadel gin for the batch I aged. But when I was at a local liquor store, the woman showed me some variations on these, such as a bitters made by Dolin that is a bit more subtle than Campari. So feel free to use brands that you like. Negronis don't need aging – if you wish, just mix one up in a glass, and enjoy.
To barrel-age Negronis: Pour 1 part gin, 1 part sweet vermouth and 1 part Campari in a cedar barrel and shake gently to combine. Let age for a couple of months.
One a side note, I looked far and wide in France for an aging barrel to purchase because I was lent this one. I checked out a lot of online resources, like Ebay.fr and LeBonCoin, as well as the BHV department store. Because nothing seems to be easy – hence the need for cocktails (and une pause) every now and then – I've had to do some work on the vocabulary for "barrels", which was a bit of a challenge. Few, if any, cooperages in France seem to make small barrels. And it's important to know who made the barrel as I was advised by a distiller in France not to get one made in China because they are often treated with – well, we probably don't want to know.
(And even French people make goofs, including the waiter in a restaurant in Provence that I had to explain to the other night what tapenade was made of.) I am still kicking myself for not buying a barrel I found in a housewares store near Chablis that they had leftover from buying the stock of a previous store (#nitwit). But am determined to add more to my barrel collection. Or collection of tonneaux. Or tonnelets. Or fûts.
Might not the barrel you received as a gift be usable once the staves have absorbed enough moisture to expand and form a seal against one another?
One, you can age your cocktails more efficiently (not to mention cheaper) by putting them in mason/la parfait jars filled to the brim with both cocktail and oak chips. You can get oak chips in a variety of toasts from Brouwland (http://www.brouwland.com/en/, search for 'oak chips'), but Simon at La Cave A Bulles on rue Quincampoix can order them for you as he's a reseller. Plus he knows everything about beer, and is way more fun to talk to than the customer service cretins at Brouwland.
Or, you can buy tonneau from TomPress (dunno if links will work, but here you go: http://www.tompress.com/CT-1790-tonneaux-cuves-bonbonnes.aspx) but it is VERY VERY IMPORTANT to get a NON-LINED barrel. Lined barrels are, well, lined with beeswax or food-save wax and are for decorative purposes only. Unlined barrels are more finicky as you have to continually fill them with water until they swell and become watertight, but it's the unlined barrels that will give you that oak character.
FYI for my moonshine I age it in la parfait screwtops with 20 g chips per liter of spirit.
Wonderful to see (read?) you're back! La Pause was long, but I have been more amazed at your prodigious output all these years I've followed you; quite understand a break of sorts. (I figure you were busy on that new book.) A toast to you.
Another great blog! I sure like your writing David Lebovitz!!!
Ciao & welcome to the world of the Italian National Cocktail!
A barrel is a big commitment…to the Campari, to the gin, to the vermouth. We're much sluttier here in Italy and like to experiment.
And if you get a chance, try Antica Carpano vermouth… darker, earthier, spicer.
Hi David, Welcome back. Hope you got your assignments done and you got top grades.
Well, within the space of three weeks or so I have been told three different recipes for negroni. All sound nice if you like gin. Perhaps its a sign.
I hated the botanicals when I tried it as a youngster. Perhaps with age, tastes have matured and old memories will be replaced with new.
I have been drinking Negroni for the past 20 years, they are my absolute favorite drink. Unfortunately, I can only drink one, sometimes two but wish Icould drink more, the flavor is just so delicious! I wish I could have them on tap like you…but I would not get anything done!
Welcome back! I've missed your posts!
These are so popular in London right now. I personally find them a little too bitter when made with Campari so will be searching out some alternative bitters to use!
Oh, I so need a barrel now.
I've been playing around with Negronis lately too. I've been switching out the Campari for Cynar, the artichoke based bitter. It's almost worth making for the name alone: Cyn Cin.
My vermouth of choice for a Negroni in Antico Formula Carpano. Very rich and fruity.
And while an orange slice is traditional, I usually put in a grappa soaked cherry.
Sounds great. I've seen people use Aperol instead of Campari but I don't like it. Instead of Cynar, I have used Fernet Branca but I still think a very traditional Negroni is best. I don't use any fancy gins either, Beefeater is best for me.
oh man. Now I have to go find a barrel.
So, that gift barrel? Soak it in the tub for a while to see if it will seal up when enough water has absorbed. If so then all you need to do it keep it full on your concoctions to keep the wood swollen (if not your head from the contents of the barrel) and you will be good to go. a votre sante!
Very interesting; though this drink isn't for a lightweight like me! I learn so much from your posts, and look forward to the next.
I'm very fond of Negronis and their kissing cousin the Parisian Americano (1:1:1 Campari, Sweet vermouth, Dry vermouth + orange slice). A few years back I made the discovery of Antica Formula vermouth, which so far has proven the penultimate vermouth for my Negronis.
A joke…what do Negronis and womens breasts have in common?
One is not enough, and three is too many.
Wow! This is a whole new world!
I' m new to your web world and am enjoying it very much. Great food and drink are equally essential to my life. My husband and I are spice freaks who have chosen to earn our living hunting spices wherever they grow – believe me it's a great job.
I would love to send you some of our spice blends because I just know that they will rock your culinary world. If this idea appeals to you please let me know and we'll work out the details at your convenience.
Continue having an interesting life.
A slight variation onf "Unusual Negroni" recipe by Charlotte Voisey in Jason Wilsoln's "Boozehound". Hendrick's was used originally. I use Old Tom gin, Aperol, Lillet Blanc, half orange wheel. I have no intention of putting this on tap myself, but I'm curious about what a barrel does to a Negroni.
Campari is such an old fashioned drink here, served just with orange slices and ice. I bet it started as a a cheap way to drink a negroni.
I love Negroni's and have experimented with different versions of everything. I don't know if you can get it in France but Quady makes a killer sweet vermouth called Vya. My latest gin of preference is Plymouth and I do like them made with Aperol in place of the Campari. For the bitters I love a drop of the Boyajian pure orange oil which is wonderful to use in many things but a 'little dab 'll do ya".
Coming to Paris in a few weeks and will be on the lookout for you around town.
Also looking forward to the duck confit at Chez Josephine again.
A friend of mine told me her husband said she was an "angry drunk" when she drank her beloved Negroni. He suggested she switch out the gin with vodka. It worked!
Actually a vodka Negroni is quite good if gin does not sit well with you.
but I defer to you.
Sweet before 5, dry after…very chill, straight up, with a twist…set you free! Wonderful.
I remember almost 30 years ago sipping negronis in the bar of the Gritti Palace in Venice. It's still a great drink!
Have been a Campari drinker since I started drinking. I like Vermouth 1/3 sweet and 2/3 Dry. Have never had a Negroni but will now. I am a wine/food nut and enjoy your writing.
David, I adore you as much as I do a Negroni, but I feel the need to respond to your description of Punt e Mes as a "sweet vermouth", especially in the context of this classic cocktail.. The strong bitter element of Punt e Mes makes it unique, and quite unlike any other vermouth, IME. I find it is closer in flavor to Campari and it actually makes a nice substitute. Similarly, Cynar. FWIW, both are nice ways to enjoy a Negroni-ish without the chemical red dye.
I will add to the rec's here for Carpano Antica vermouth in the Negroni. Also Dolin, which is quite a bit less sweet.
Welcome back! I'll drink to your return and things that comes in barrels. It looks amazing, I'm sure the taste is divine no matter what the preparation.
for writing such a great blog!
You must have been a sight on the Metro with your barrel! Whenever I hear "whisky barrel" I'm reminded of something that happend to myself and hubby about 30 years ago. We bought a whole, full-sized oak whisky barrel from a local garden store, intent on cutting it in half and filling the halves with dirt and flowers. It was a heavy sucker! When we got it home and got the "cork" out it reeked of whisky. We got almost a gallon of whisky out of that barrel and it was pretty decent. So for around $15 we got two really nice oak "planters" and a gallon of good whisky.
I think a negroni is a splendid summer drink, but nothing can replace the dry martini on these chilly evenings we are subjected to in Paris at the moment. Glad you are back!
a slash of club soda makes the Negroni better or some champagne…..
My favorite last summer refreshing drink!
Love you and your blog, so glad you'r back, but have you tried Noilly Pratt dry Vermouth made in Marseillan south of France , makes a perfect dry martini and would also work for a Negroni.
Hi David, sorry to post this here but I just got back from a surprise trip to Paris after years of reading your blog and books and dreaming and I had to tell you. I found out the night before we were leaving (to get the Eurostar at 4am) and I stayed up all night on your blog, revising the places I wanted to go. The trip therefore entailed us cycling from one of your restaurant/food shop recommendations to another (with the amazing help of your app) and it was the best 3 days, just incredible.
Everything blew my mind from A l'Etoile d'Or (she has so many clippings of you!), 6 Paul Bert (wow! The suckling pig!) to Breizh Café (we went twice!). I have never spent so much and been so happy about it. I brought back a whole suitcase of stuff including chocolates from A l'Etoile d'Or and Jean-Charles Rochoux, caramels and pâtes de fruits from Jacques Genin, cheese and butter from Pascal Beillevaire and baguettes and pastries from La Patiserrie and Blé Sucré.
Really I wanted to thank you for opening up this wonderful city to me which had always felt so daunting before. Considering I live so close in London I plan to make this a yearly trip as there is still so much I didn't taste and do. You're an inspiration. Thank you.
Hi David, I was going through Daveed withdrawals while you were on 'la pause' so I picked up a copy of The Sweet Life in Paris. I know I am behind the times but I had not read this book of yours. I enjoyed it immensely. Actually guffawed! Anyway my husband and I will be in Paris in November and thought we could 'meet up' for dinner? Just kidding. Good to have you back.
ooo, la, la…sounds nice, but i don't know where i would get a barrel.
I've recently had a Negroni made with bitters and it was amazing! I'm hoping that soon we'll move to a bigger apartment where I have slightly more room and can experiment with barrel aging, though I might be "sampling" cocktails for lunch – so it could be dangerous!
Absence makes the heart grow fonder. I'm so glad you're back! Its odd how much I missed your posts. Welcome home.
is this what you are searching for ? The price of 109€ seems reasonable compared to 180€ I've seen elsewhere, and it is said to be suitable for aging alcohols. A lot of barrels are said "for wine pockets" and are not suitable to contain directly some alcohol. At least this one does :D.
Gosh I'm glad your back!! I was really going through "David" withdrawals!! Love the Negroni's. We use a large mason jar with wood chips instead of a barrel. It was much easier to find. =*) So glad your back!! You really were missed!
Welcome back! Can I just say that picture of a goats' cheese you chose to leave us with made me drooooooooooooool!
Ingrediants make a big difference with Negronis. I make mine with Campari, Antica Formula vermooth and Portland Aviation gin. Plus the citrus peel.
I just love the swell labels on your bottles! Looks like they're straight out of Mad Men.


Although underpinning is required at one time or another by almost everyone owning a property, most people avoid it. The problem lies mainly in the fact that the pricing tends to be costly, making it available to only a selective few. We at House Restumping, understand the importance of underpinning and in order to ensure that all can avail of our service, we keep our pricing fair, honest and affordable.
For most Australians, buying residential and commercial real estate is the biggest investment that they will make in most cases. Safeguarding this investment is therefore very important. In order to protect your property, it is strongly advised that you only work with experts who can be entrusted with the task of underpinning. Engaging House Restumping on your restumping project will indeed be a wise decision.
With the level of skill and knowledge gained through years of experience, our experts will ensure that your project will be completed to the highest standard.


text:
Somali Factions Are Far From Agreement
AS TROOPS WITHDRAW
By Robert M. Press Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
January 18, 1994 | NAIROBI, KENYA
PROSPECTS appear to be growing for renewed fighting in Somalia after the withdrawal of major international peacekeeping forces by March 31.
Behind-the-scenes political maneuvering between rival Somali factions, which have been meeting in Nairobi, has not resulted in any agreements. And a new round of interclan fighting appears to be under way in Brava and other coastal areas south of Mogadishu, the Somali capital.
``As things stand now, war is inevitable'' after US and other peacekeepers withdraw, says Abdullah Hashi, a senior member of a SomalI faction opposed to militia leader Gen. Mohamed Farah Aideed.
On Jan. 8, UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali said the UN would need 16,000 troops to protect transportation routes and keep relief supplies flowingonce the US withdraws. At the end of 1993, about 30,000 troops remained in Somalia. But a gradual exodus of Western troops is under way, and the number that will remain after March 31 is not yet clear.
Informal talks between rival factions here have gotten nowhere, says Mr. Hashi. He adds that General Aideed appears to be trying to line up new military alliances.
Another pessimistic assessment comes from Yussef Sheikh Ibrahim, minister of information for the self-proclaimed independent Somaliland in northern Somalia. When UN troops are scaled down, the ``biggest fighting'' yet may occur, he says.
There will never be peace unless General Aideed leaves Mogadishu and goes back to his central Somali region, Mr. Ibrahim claims. ``He has no right to be there.'' All Somali factions holding areas other than their home territory will have to withdraw, he says.
While in Nairobi, Aideed and his entourage have been staying in a deluxe hotel - a far cry from his usual austere surroundings in Mogadishu.
In contrast to Hashi's observations, Aideed spokesman Mohammed Abdullatiff says Aideed has been holding productive ``informal consultations'' with members of rival factions.
Aideed met here with Somaliland President Mohamed Ibrahim Egal, who after the meeting spoke with the Monitor about the danger of renewed ``civil war'' in Somalia. He referred to Aideed as a ``colorful warlord'' who has been ``doing evil.''
Mr. Egal said the UN had paid too much attention to Somalia's warlords and urged the organization to begin working more closely with traditional leaders. Somaliland has relied on long conferences of elders and other traditional community leaders to resolve political disputes in its territory. At one of these conferences last year, Egal was elected president of Somaliland.
Aideed also met with the military leader of a key Somali party lined up against him, the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), whose leaders appear split over how much to cooperate with Aideed.
Gen. Abdullahi Yussef Ahmed, who stresses the need for dialogue with Aideed, says only ``minor'' differences remain between Aideed and rival factions. These differences include such details as the number of people who will head a proposed transitional national council.
``If we have another [peace] conference, no matter where, we may reach a final agreement,'' said General Ahmed in an interview here. ``Somalis, if left alone, can work out their own agreements'' without help from the UN, he added - a view shared by Aideed.
But a Western relief worker in Somalia says that calls to ``leave us alone'' usually come from ``the ones who have money and power.'' The displaced are telling the UN, ``We need you,'' says the relief worker, who asked not to be named.
A senior SSDF civilian leader says Ahmed is acting alone in his efforts to reach a settlement with Aideed.
In June, however, Ahmed and Aideed reached an agreement to halt fighting in the region surrounding Gelkayo, in central Somalia. That pact still holds.
Why Somalis aren't benefiting from rollback of Islamists
Ethnic Somalis in Kenyan capital blamed for bombing minibus
Pentagon confirms killing of Somalia terror group leader with airstrike
https://www.csmonitor.com/1994/0118/18072.html


Tacuarembó is a city in the country of Uruguay, that lies in Longitude -55.98 and Latitude -31.73. Tacuarembó lies in the time zone Uruguay Standard Time.
Tacuarembó has an UTC Offset/GMT Offset of UTC-3:00.
Our Tacuarembó time zone converter helps you to convert Tacuarembó time, to local time in other time zones.
There is a also a generic Time Zone Converter, which converts from any Time Zone to any other Time zone including Tacuarembó time.
Tacuarembó does not follow daylight saving time.
Tacuarembó has a population of 51854 people.


text:
Para otras acepciones, véase Baeza

Baeza, también conocida como Muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Baeza del Espíritu Santo de la Nueva Andalucía, es una ciudad ecuatoriana; cabecera cantonal del Cantón Quijos, así como la cuarta urbe más grande y poblada de la Provincia de Napo. Se localiza al norte de la Región amazónica del Ecuador, asentada en el valle del río Quijos, en los flancos externos de la cordillera oriental de los Andes, en la orilla derecha de dicho río, a una altitud de 1914 msnm y con un clima lluvioso de 18 °C en promedio.

En el censo de 2010 tenía una población de 4026 habitantes, lo que la convierte en la centésima octogésima tercera ciudad más poblada del país. La ciudad forma parte de la pequeña Conurbación del Valle del Quijos, la cual está constituida además por ciudades y parroquias rurales cercanas. El conglomerado alberga a alrededor de 10 000 habitantes, y es la segunda conurbación de la provincia.

Fue fundada el 14 de mayo de 1559 sobre territorio de los quijos, por Gil Ramírez Dávalos. Durante los siglos XVI y XVII, fue uno de los poblados más importantes de la amazonía ecuatoriana, pero desde el siglo XVIII, perdió su hegemonía. Actualmente, es uno de los más importantes centros administrativos, económicos, financieros y comerciales del Valle del Quijos. Las actividades principales económicas de la ciudad son: la ganadería, la agricultura y el comercio.

Historia

Siglo XVI
En el tiempo que los españoles fundaron la ciudad de Quito, ya se conocía la existencia de la Provincia de los Quijos, la que posteriormente se llamó Provincia de los Quijos, Sumaco y la Canela o Provincia de la Coca; este territorio era rico en oro, y los españoles, por su ambición, se lanzaron a la conquista y exploración. Gonzalo Díaz de Pineda fue el primer español que llegó a territorio Quijos en busca del Dorado y la Canela, en septiembre de 1538. Años más tarde, en 1541 Gonzalo Pizarro realizó una nueva exploración que terminó con el descubrimiento del río Amazonas. Cada exploración española que llegaba tenía que enfrentarse a los terribles quijos, que eran guerreros conocidos por su valentía y rebeldía, y por eso los españoles regresaban por rutas diferentes para no volver a encontrarse con sus temidas lanzas. A consecuencia de esto, en 1558, Don Sancho Hacho de Velasco, cacique de los indios tacungas, solicita al cacique de los quijos, cuñado suyo, que vaya a conversar con el Capitán Gil Ramírez Dávalos, en la Tacunga (actual Latacunga). A consecuencia de esto, el 6 de marzo de 1559 el Capitán Gil Ramírez Dávalos ingresa a la tierra de los quijos en compañía de 39 hombres y el 14 de mayo fundan la Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Baeza del Espíritu Santo de la Nueva Andalucía convirtiéndose en la ciudad más antigua de la Región Amazónica del Ecuador; inmediatamente fue fundada la Gobernación de los Quijos, teniendo como capital Baeza y como gobernador a su fundador.

El 14 de septiembre se posesiona el nuevo gobernador, el Capitán Rodrigo Núñez de Bonilla, el mismo que a fines de año realiza la segunda fundación con el nombre de Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Baeza del Espíritu de la Nueva Andalucía de Nuestra Señora de Nieva, a los dos costados del Machángara, cerca de Condijua. En el año siguiente los quijos realizan su primer levantamiento, pero los españoles logran vencerlos gracias a la intervención de Hacho de Velasco; en el mismo año muere Núñez de Bonilla y lo reemplaza Alonso de Bastidas; en Nochebuena de 1561 Bastidas es sustituido por Melchor Vásquez de Ávila, pero no se posesiona sino hasta el 23 de junio de 1562, y un mes después los quijos se levantan por segunda vez; por este motivo, para controlar a los quijos llega Andrés Contero como Teniente Gobernador.

En 1563 los españoles inician un nuevo proceso de expansión, pero antes pidieron permiso a Jumandi, cacique quijo, para avanzar al sur. Esta exploración comienza el 10 de marzo con la fundación de Ávila por Andrés Contero, a orillas del río Suno, seguida el 14 de agosto por la fundación de Alcalá del Río Dorado, en la cabecera del río Aguarico por Contero. Fue entonces cuando empezaron a esclavizar a los quijos, aunque les resultaba muy difícil someterlos, por su rebeldía y valentía. Cuando empezó la esclavitud, empezó también el maltrato, el abuso y el exceso de trabajo por lo que los quijos hacían continuos reclamos que no fueron oídos hasta muchos años después, y por eso el Oidor Diego de Ortegón visita la región de los Quijos el 6 de septiembre de 1576 y recorrió la zona imponiendo sanciones y multas. En el mismo año es nombrado Gobernador de Quijos Don Agustín de Ahumada.

Rebelión de 1578
Una vez que el Oidor se fue, los españoles, resentidos y con ansias de venganza se desquitaron abusando aún más de los quijos. Es por esto que en 1578 se produce el gran levantamiento de los quijos, caracterizados por su rebeldía, nunca fueron sometidos completamente y prefirieron morir o dejar su tierra antes que ser esclavizados. Jumandy fue nombrado gran cacique de guerra, y encabezó la rebelión junto a Beto, Huami e Imbate. Los primeros logros de la rebelión se dan el 29 de noviembre cuando incendian y destruyen Ávila, continuando con Archidona; pero los españoles se defienden en Baeza y evitan su destrucción. Hasta entonces la rebelión era un éxito y Jumandy se alió con caciques indígenas de la sierra para destruir Quito. Pero gracias a la traición de algunos caciques de la sierra, la rebelión es estanca en Baeza, y los españoles vencen a los quijos, Jumandy y otros caciques son apresados y más tarde, ahorcados y descuartizados en la plaza de San Blas de Quito.

Las consecuencia de la fallida rebelión fueron nefastas, los españoles se vengaron agudizando su abuso y explotación hacia los quijos. Entre 1580 y 1584 Agustín Ahumada es nombrado gobernador para este período. En 1580 también llegaron los primeros sacerdotes, que pertenecían a la Dominicos. Pero ningún gobernador y ningún sacerdote fue capaz de calmar las ansias de libertad de los quijos que intentaron otro levantamiento en 1590 en Sumaco, encabezados por un hijo de Jumandy; pero antes de ejecutar la nueva rebelión fueron descubiertos por los españoles que aumentaron aún más su maltrato y explotación, a tal punto que los quijos se dieron cuenta de que la violencia no era un método de sobrevivencia y predirieron huir de su tierra. Los de Ávila y Sumaco fueron aguas abajo y se internaron en la selva peruana siendo hoy más de 10 000. Los del valle de Misahuallí (Archidona, Tena) fueron al sur y llegaron a territorios de los canelos, actualmente la Provincia de Pastaza. Y los del valle de Quijos (Baeza, Cosanga, Cuyuja) fueron a la sierra o hacia Puerto Leguízamo en la amazonía del sur de Colombia. Los que se quedaron prefirieron vivir en el anonimato cultural para no ser reprendidos. Fue entonces que repentinamente desapareció la nación de los quijos, los quijos que quedaron pasaron a llamarse yumbos o alamas.

Siglos XVII y XVIII
Tras la desaparición de los quijos, la región quedó casi despoblada, por eso, hasta tuvieron que traer indios de la sierra para que trabajen en los puestos abandonados por los quijos. Por eso en 1603 solo habitaban la región 15 509 habitantes, de los cuales casi la mitad vivía en Baeza. Hasta entonces Baeza era la ciudad más poblada de toda el oriente ecuatoriano y quizá una de las más pobladas de toda la cuenca amazónica. En 1623 llegan los franciscanos y con ellos empieza un gran e intenso proceso de evangelización de los indios. Pero la iglesia establece su sede para evangelizar toda la región en Archidona, a consecuencia de esto Baeza pierde su hegemonía en la Amazonía y su progreso se estanca. Esto se ratifica con 1638 con la llegada de los jesuitas.

En 1656, 40 000 indios de Baeza, Ávila y Archidona huyen hacia el este. Para 1680 empieza una serie de desastres que afectan a la ciudad; empezando este año con una epidemia que acaba con muchos habitantes de Baeza y la región. En 1691 Baeza es afectada por la hambruna de la Real Audiencia de Quito. En 1693 aparece una epidemia de sarampión en gran parte de la Gobernación de los Quijos. Y finalmente en 1699 tras la explotación hacia los indios, enfermedades, maltrato, y guerras pequeñas la población disminuye drásticamente. Por eso la evolución demográfica de Baeza en el siglo XVIII se estanca teniendo como su récord (en el siglo XVIII) 20 habitantes y quedando inclusive despoblada entre 1751 y 1766. Esta situación empeora con la expulsión de los jesuitas en 1768. Baeza culmina el siglo XVIII con apenas 2 habitantes, siendo todo el siglo un sitio de paso, o sea para descansar o pasar la noche durante un viaje.

Siglo XIX

El 25 de junio de 1824, por la ley de Organización Territorial de la Gran Colombia, la antigua Gobernación de los Quijos pasó a formar parte de la Provincia de Pichincha, creándose el Cantón Quijos, con su capital Baeza.

Baeza fue aumentando su escasa población lentamente. Este proceso aceleró un poco con la venida de los jesuitas en 1851, aunque fueron expulsados al año siguiente. Fermín Inca, un indio de Tumbaco, y su familia, realizan la tercera fundación de Baeza, cerca de la segunda fundación en 1858 y Baeza sigue aumentando su población. En 1861 se crea la Provincia de Oriente, que abarca a los territorios amazónicos que Ecuador reclamaba a Perú en ese entonces. La provincia tuvo 2 cantones: Napo y Canelos. El cantón Napo comprendía desde el río Caquetá hasta el Napo, y otras referencias y capital de la provincia fue Archidona. Con esto se suprime el Cantón Quijos y Baeza pierde su importancia en la región. Esto se ratifica en 1869 cuando los jesuitas vuelven a la región y establecen su sede en Archidona.

En 1875 llega una epidemia de viruela. A finales de este siglo Eloy Alfaro empieza la construcción del camino de herradura Pifo-Papallacta-Baeza.

Geografía
Se asienta sobre el valle del río Quijos, a una altitud de 1914 msnm, en la Región amazónica del Ecuador, en el norte de la Provincia de Napo. Su clima en promedio es de 17 grados Celsius. Los ríos cercanos a la ciudad son el Quijos y el Machángara.

Baeza se encuentra en las ramificaciones de la zona oriental de la cordillera de los Andes. El relieve de la ciudad y sus alrededores ha sido afectado por movimientos sísmicos y por erupciones del Cotopaxi, Antisana, Reventador y Sumaco.

Política
Territorialmente, la ciudad de Baeza está organizada en una sola parroquia urbana, mientras que existen 5 parroquias rurales con las que complementa el aérea total del Cantón Quijos. El término "parroquia" es usado en el Ecuador para referirse a territorios dentro de la división administrativa municipal.

La ciudad de Baeza y el cantón Quijos, al igual que las demás localidades ecuatorianas, se rige por una municipalidad según lo previsto en la Constitución de la República. El Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Quijos, es una entidad de gobierno seccional que administra el cantón de forma autónoma al gobierno central. La municipalidad está organizada por la separación de poderes de carácter ejecutivo representado por el alcalde, y otro de carácter legislativo conformado por los miembros del concejo cantonal.

La Municipalidad de Quijos, se rige principalmente sobre la base de lo estipulado en los artículos 253 y 264 de la Constitución Política de la República y en la Ley de Régimen Municipal en sus artículos 1 y 16, que establece la autonomía funcional, económica y administrativa de la Entidad.

Alcaldía
El poder ejecutivo de la ciudad es desempeñado por un ciudadano con título de Alcalde del Cantón Quijos, el cual es elegido por sufragio directo en una sola vuelta electoral sin fórmulas o binomios en las elecciones municipales. El vicealcalde no es elegido de la misma manera, ya que una vez instalado el Concejo Cantonal se elegirá entre los ediles un encargado para aquel cargo. El alcalde y el vicealcalde duran cuatro años en sus funciones, y en el caso del alcalde, tiene la opción de reelección inmediata o sucesiva. El alcalde es el máximo representante de la municipalidad y tiene voto dirimente en el concejo cantonal, mientras que el vicealcalde realiza las funciones del alcalde de modo suplente mientras no pueda ejercer sus funciones el alcalde titular.

El alcalde cuenta con su propio gabinete de administración municipal mediante múltiples direcciones de nivel de asesoría, de apoyo y operativo. Los encargados de aquellas direcciones municipales son designados por el propio alcalde. Actualmente el Alcalde de Quijos es el Prof. Franklin Rosero Núñez, elegido para el periodo 2019 - 2023.

Concejo cantonal
El poder legislativo de la ciudad es ejercido por el Concejo Cantonal de Quijos el cual es un pequeño parlamento unicameral que se constituye al igual que en los demás cantones mediante la disposición del artículo 253 de la Constitución Política Nacional. De acuerdo a lo establecido en la ley, la cantidad de miembros del concejo representa proporcionalmente a la población del cantón.

Quijos posee 5 concejales, los cuales son elegidos mediante sufragio (Sistema D'Hondt) y duran en sus funciones cuatro años pudiendo ser reelegidos indefinidamente. De los cinco ediles, 2 representan a la población urbana mientras que 3 representan a las 5 parroquias rurales. El alcalde y el vicealcalde presiden el concejo en sus sesiones. Al recién instalarse el concejo cantonal por primera vez los miembros eligen de entre ellos un designado para el cargo de vicealcalde de la ciudad.

Turismo
En esta zona se fomenta el turismo mediante emprendimientos que ofrecen servicios  con altos niveles de calidad y permiten al visitante explorar todas las maravillas del cantón. La belleza natural no tiene comparación, sumada a su gente amable y una amplia historia que le convierte en el lugar ideal para disfrutar en las vacaciones.

 Reserva Etnobotánica "Cumandá": Se ubica a 5 minutos al norte de Baeza, en el km. 104 de la vía Quito-Lago Agrio, al lado izquierdo del río Quijos. Tiene una extensión de 36,320 km², de los cuales 22,4 son bosque protector. Corresponde al bosque muy húmedo-premontano caracterizado por su abundante precipitación. Aquí viven: aliso, aguacatillo de monte, higuerón, motilón, nogal, porotón, la chontilla, palmito, vacacaspi y palma de ramos. Se puede encontrar iguanas, gallos de la peña, loros, tucán andino, pava de monte, ardillas y cuchucho. Entre las actividades turísticas que se pueden hacer están: la caminata, la fotografía y observación de flora y fauna y la cabalgata.

 Granja Integral Municipal "Quijos": Se ubica en la urbanización Nueva Andalucía, barrio Los Nogales al frente del estadio Julio Rodríguez Semper. Posee una extensión de 40 km². Las especies que viven en la granja son: lombrices, cuyes, chivos, capibaras, dantas y saínos. Dentro del lugar hay especies arbóreas, helicóneas, palmáceas, epífitas y orquídeas.

 Baeza Antigua: Baeza antigua conserva una traza octogonal en su primer cuadro con el esquema clásico de composición de una plaza central donde a partir de ella se va repartiendo la parcelación del suelo con sus manzanas geométricas. Se compone de "36 casas de una y dos plazas construidas en madera (existen unas 4 de hormigón armado). Las variedades de madera más utilizadas son: zanco, ishpingo, cedro, espino, laurel, motilón, nogal y pinchimuyo, entre otras. Las casas se ubican en un entablado con pilotes, ligeramente separadas del suelo o en plataformas embaldosadas. Los elementos estructurales son de secciones cuadrangulares ensambladas con horizontales mediante espiga o media madera, y las "paredes" son de tabla o tablones de un solo canto, y en ocasiones como tabique. La mayoría exhibe balcones y áreas de estar directamente comunicados con el exterior. Interiormente la circulación o es a través de los ambientes que lo conforman o se sirve de un corredor central a donde desembocan los ingresos de los ambientes.
El tipo de actividad que sus moradores desarrolla hace que las casas en su generalidad sean dormitorios, por lo que carecen de local para cocina, obviamente en la que residen, este sitio se anexa o se desprende del núcleo. Son muy sencillas en su diseño espontáneo, con cuartos relativamente confortables.

Transporte
El transporte público es el principal medio transporte de los habitantes de la ciudad y sus alrededores. La urbe posee un servicio de bus público en expansión, y es una de las pocas ciudades amazónicas que cuenta con uno. El sistema de bus no es amplio y está conformado por la empresa de transporte "Valle del Quijos". La tarifa del sistema de bus va desde 0,30 USD (según la distancia del destino), con descuento del 50% a grupos prioritarios (menores de edad, adultos mayores, discapacitados, entre otros).

Gran parte de las calles de la ciudad están asfaltadas o adoquinadas, aunque algunas están desgastadas y el resto de calles son lastradas, principalmente en los barrios nuevos que se expanden en la periferia de la urbe.

Avenidas importantes
 Principal
 Río Oyacachi
 Padre Pedro Porras

Educación
La ciudad cuenta con buena infraestructura para la educación, tanto pública como privada. La educación pública en la ciudad, al igual que en el resto del país, es gratuita hasta la universidad (tercer nivel) de acuerdo a lo estipulado en el artículo 348 y ratificado en los artículos 356 y 357 de la Constitución Nacional. La ciudad está dentro del régimen Sierra por lo que sus clases inician los primeros días de septiembre y luego de 200 días de clases se terminan en el mes de julio.

Economía
La actividad económica principal del cantón Quijos es la ganadería,con la producción de leche; en segundo lugar la agricultura, huertas familiares, huertas escolares, con cultivos de ciclo corto, bajo invernaderos. El comercio es una actividad poco desarrollada debido a varias causas como: centros poblados muy pequeños, la proximidad de la capital de la República, la ausencia de zonas industriales, ya que la leche se llevan a la provincia de Pichincha hacia las fábricas de lácteos.

Principales productos
 Tomate de árbol
 Tomate riñón
 Pastos
 Producción de Lácteos
 Naranjilla
 Piscicultura

Medios de comunicación
La ciudad posee una red de comunicación en continuo desarrollo y modernización. En la ciudad se dispone de varios medios de comunicación como prensa escrita, radio, televisión, telefonía, Internet y mensajería postal.

 Telefonía: Si bien la telefonía fija se mantiene aún con un crecimiento periódico, esta ha sido desplazada muy notablemente por la telefonía celular, tanto por la enorme cobertura que ofrece y la fácil accesibilidad. Existen 3 operadoras de telefonía fija, CNT (pública), TVCABLE y Claro (privadas) y cuatro operadoras de telefonía celular, Movistar, Claro y Tuenti (privadas) y CNT (pública).

  Radio: En la localidad existe una gran cantidad de sistemas radiales de transmisión nacional y local, e incluso de provincias y cantones vecinos.

  Medios televisivos: La mayoría de canales son nacionales, aunque se ha incluido canales locales recientemente. El apagón analógico se estableció para el 31 de diciembre de 2023.

Deporte
La Liga Deportiva Cantonal de Quijos es el organismo rector del deporte en todo el Cantón Quijos y por ende en la urbe se ejerce su autoridad de control. El deporte más popular en la ciudad, al igual que en todo el país, es el fútbol, siendo el deporte con mayor convocatoria. Actualmente, no existe ningún club baezeño activo en el fútbol profesional ecuatoriano. Al ser una localidad pequeña en la época de las fundaciones de los grandes equipos del país, Baeza carece de un equipo simbólico de la ciudad.

El principal recinto deportivo para la práctica del fútbol es el Estadio Julio Rodríguez. Es usado mayoritariamente para la práctica del fútbol y tiene capacidad para 800 espectadores. El estadio es sede de distintos eventos deportivos a nivel local, así como es escenario para varios eventos de tipo cultural, especialmente conciertos musicales.

Véase también
 Provincia de Napo
 Cantón Quijos
 Tena

Referencias

Localidades de la provincia de Napo
Localidades establecidas en 1559
Parroquias de la provincia de Napo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cauleen Smith, Sojourner (production still), 2018.
In the past decade, a spate of American cities have launched biennial-style events, with exhibitions of the sort having started up in urban centers as diverse as Honolulu, Kansas City, and Cleveland. This year, St. Louis will become latest city to join their ranks when Counterpublic, a new public art initiative set to occur triennially, opens in Missouri. Organized by the nonprofit arts platform the Luminary, the first iteration is set to run from April 13 to July 13 in South St. Louis, and it will showcase more than 30 site-specific commissions situated in a variety of public and commercial venues, among them a Buddhist temple, a punk club, a tea shop, a park and basketball court, and a Mexican bakery.
McAnally will serve as an artistic director of Counterpublic with Brea McAnally, who is also a cofounder of the Luminary; Katherine Simóne Reynolds will curate the project. According to James McAnally, the first iteration of Counterpublic was partly catalyzed by the protests responding to police brutality in St. Louis in recent years, though works in the triennial will address a range of political and social issues, including immigration.
The show, which will be complemented by public programs, performances, and artist residencies of varying lengths, will span a 12-block radius, and it will be free and open to the public throughout its run.
McAnally also noted that the commercial thoroughfare of Cherokee Street "has this indigenous legacy that, outside of its name, has been mostly erased." Accordingly, the exhibition will feature works by indigenous artists, among them Sky Hopinka and Demian DinéYazhi, "to occupy and reimagine" the surrounding area.
Among the projects planned for the first Counterpublic triennial are a large-scale outdoor installation by Kahlil Robert Irving, a series of "fictional museums" by Jon Rubin and Joseph del Pesco, and a new film by Cauleen Smith.
The list of artists participating in Counterpublic 2019 follows below.


text:
Biserica Sfânta Parascheva  (în ) este o biserică ortodoxă din partea centrală a Varnei.

Acesta este situat într-un spațiu inter-bloc bine întreținut între străzile Bratia Miladinovi, Gheorghi Rakovski, Ivan Drasov și bulevardul Gheneral Kolev.

Construcția lăcașului de cult a început în 1901. A fost finalizată în 1906. A fost sfințită de mitropolitul Iosif. În 1928 a fost construită anexa bisericii. Până în 1945 clădirea de locuit a fost folosită ca bucătărie pentru săraci. Biserica a fost pictată în 1973 de Alexander Sorokin cu ajutorul lui Dimităr Bakalski și Serghei Rostovțev. Spre deosebire de majoritatea bisericilor din Varna, "Sfânta Parascheva" este una dintre puținele biserici care nu a fost distrusă.

Note

Parascheva


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How one man finding his passion for fitness, led to him re-imagining the concept of protein-packed goodies that are perfect for post-workout.
The familiar aroma of freshly-baked blondies, brownies and cookies that permeates the interior of The Protein Bakery is likely to arouse feelings of nostalgia, but the treats found inside this upscale Chelsea storefront are quite unlike the ones Nana used to make.
Owner and founder Stephen Charles Lincoln is the entrepreneur behind this independent bake shop. With his selection of natural ingredients, chic packaging and canny marketing strategy, he's hoping to flip the idea of post-workout snacks on its head.
After launching the brand in 1999, Lincoln's assorted collection of whey protein-packed cookies, brownies and cakes have caught the attention of no less than Oprah, Rachael Ray and Dr. Oz. Today, Lincoln continues to grow his subscriber base by filling a void in a market dominated by sugary snacks. The oat flour used to make each of his confections is naturally gluten-free and even vegans can indulge thanks to a new line of plant-based cookies made with peanut butter protein, which comes in flavors like pecan and peanut butter chocolate chip.
Before I committed to getting healthy, my life was out of balance," Lincoln explains. "My weight was up, my spirits were down, and as a result, my career, relationships and focus were flat-lining." Lincoln's first step toward regaining a balanced life was to establish a consistent fitness routine.
Some 20 years later, The Protein Bakery ships its products to health-conscious eaters around the globe. "Fitness is my business; baking is my passion," Lincoln says with satisfaction. Where's the line between elite and effete? Discover for yourself at proteinbakery.com for store hours and online ordering.


The first ever cross-country and advisor meetings for the Research for Health Africa (R4HA) initiative on the strengthening of national governance of research and innovation for health in Africa were recently held in Midrand, South Africa from 17-19, October, 2011. At the meetings, representatives of the health and science and technology sectors of three African countries – Mozambique, Senegal and Tanzania called for increased shared learning, capacity strengthening and more focus on the regional dimensions of R4HA.
The R4HA meeting was opened by statements from Dr. Ibrahim Assane Mayaki, Chief Executive Officer of the NEPAD Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD Agency), Estherine Fotabong, Director, Programme Implementation and Coordination, NEPAD Agency and Carel IJsselmuiden, Director of the Council on Health Research for Development (COHRED) Group.
In their remarks, the speakers set the context for R4HA within the broader long-term development goals for strengthening research and innovation not only in the countries involved in this initiative, but also across the entire African continent.
Country representatives delivered presentations on the state of research for health and innovation in the three countries. They shared strategies and strengths and opportunities for growth. They also identified ways in which R4HA can support the countries (see Box 1).
Thinking beyond health research to research and innovation for health.
Dr. Gwen Ramokgopa, Deputy Minister of Health, South Africa and Khanyisa H. Nevhutalu, Director-Health Research at South Africa's National Department of Health also joined the meeting. The Deputy Minister expressed interest in joining the R4HA initiative.
The meeting was concluded with a discussion on how R4HA can contribute to Forum 2012, (www.forum2012.org) to be held April 24-26, 2012, in Cape Town, South Africa; and the signing of Agreements between the NEPAD Agency, COHRED and officials from Mozambique, Senegal and Tanzania.
National research systems are the requirements for countries to begin to take charge of research, science and innovation within their own borders. The R4HA initiative is a partner to countries and can easily be expanded at low costs. Feel free to contact the team at COHRED (cohred@cohred.org) or (douglas@cohred.org).
The R4HA initiative – which is implemented jointly by the NEPAD Agency and COHRED, started in May 2010 with financial support from the Government of the Netherlands.
Providing support for training college students research skills, proposal and publication writing, and data analysis.
Support for monitoring and evaluation of research investments.


Discovery of a charm particle in cosmic rays in 1971 by Niu et al.
This illustration shows a photograph of nuclear emulsion in which the first evidence for a new particle was observed. This new particle turned out to be a totally new kind of elementary particle. It is believed to be composed of the 4th quark, named "charm", whereas three "up", "down" and "strange" quarks are well known. This epoch-making event had occurred 3 years prior to the discovery of the J/Ψ particle in large accelerator experiments by two Nobel prize winning groups in the United States, but its priority has not been properly recognized for a long time. See the review article in this volume by Kiyoshi Niu.
The discovery took place while the Japanese group carried out cosmic-ray exposures and subsequent track identification using a newly developed emulsion chamber, which was a stack of multi-layered material sheets and emulsion films. The figure shows a historical micro-photograph of a cosmic-ray interaction, in which a pair of naked charm particles was revealed. A super-energetic neutral primary particle (not seen) flied in from the left-hand side with a large incident angle to the plane. It collided with a nucleus located in the center of the plane, and produced a big event of type of (19+70)n. Black tracks scattering out from the center are those of some of the 19 evaporated particles from the target nucleus. A short fan-shaped dense core toward the right-hand side down off the plane is a bundle of 70 high-energy charged secondary particles. In the down-stream of this bundle, a pair-decay of naked charm particles was observed.


text:
Routine Reset: Corporate return to work plans
As more Americans get vaccinated, companies are working to figure out when or if to bring employees back to the office
Author: Danielle Serino
Published: 5:05 PM EDT April 2, 2021
Updated: 1:22 AM EDT April 3, 2021
OHIO, USA — As more Americans are getting vaccinated, companies are working to figure out when or if to bring employees back to the office.
In many ways, working from home's not been easy. But despite the pitfalls, according to a Harvard Business School survey, about eighty-one percent of employees don't want to go back to the office, or would prefer a hybrid schedule.
As to what employers will do - or when - is a toss.
"There are some members that we have where their structure is set up, where the business requires employees to come back into the workplace," said Pattie Graves. "So not every industry and not every position is going to be conducive to remote work."
Graves is a Knowledge Advisor with the Society for Human Resource Management, or SHRM, which works with HR professionals. She says most of its members are leaning towards hybrid models, with more than two thirds saying they'll be more flexible with employees.
"An employer could allow maybe one day a week for telecommuting, or maybe a couple of days during the week to kind of transition."
In Central Ohio, software company Cover My Meds, is reportedly letting employees "choose" their work arrangement. As is health tech firm Olive, and payment solutions firm Alliance Data.
In Northeast Ohio, Hyland Software is already phasing in some of its 4,000 global employees deemed essential. Although it's leaning towards a hybrid model for the rest.
"Our employees have accomplished so much over the past year virtually, including this kind of incredible newfound collaboration with Hylanders across the world," said Kathleen Vegh, Global Experience AVP. "I think we're viewing flexibility as more of a business strategy than maybe we even have before."
There's no set return date, but its hoping that the campus amenities, which include a daycare, athletic facilities, and a salon, will be an enticement.
"To say, hey, I'm going to go into the office today to do a couple of meetings but also to experience some of the energy and excitement that the campus provides," Vegh explained.
Then there's KeyBank, which kept on about half of its 18,000 employees. Those who went remote will stay there until at least the summer, with a small number coming in on a limited basis.
As for a "formal" return, KeyBank is waiting to see how the pandemic plays out, but like most of SHRM's members...it's implemented safety measures like plexiglass barriers, signage for social distancing, and occupancy limits.
"I think that communication, uh, is going to be critical in helping employees to feel comfortable returning to the workplace," Graves said.
And comfortable employees are what companies believe will give them a competitive edge.
"[At Hyland,] that flexibility is a strategy for us to engage employees, retain employees and then of course attract employees," said Vegh.
Work from home or back to the office? The big question for workers and employers post pandemic
Easy tips to revamp your work-from-home space from a celebrity home decorator: 3 Things to Know with Stephanie Haney podcast
Easy things you can do to beat work-from-home fatigue: Mom Minute Monday
*Editor's Note: The video in the player above originally aired on June 19, 2020.


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text:
The Old House: reminiscing
It's been thirteen years since we lived there, but the house looks the same. Even the vertical blinds at the windows don't look any different. The place has that half-familiar look, as remembered places do. A brick semi, with a small tarmac front yard surrounded by a perimeter of unruly shrubs liberally sprinkled with empty whisky and methadone bottles and syringes.
I know the streets were this busy when we lived here, but I seem to see all the traffic as if for the first time. Why did we choose to live somewhere so congested? But I know why, of course. It was the garden.
The street-front gives the passer-by no clue as to the possibility of a garden. But it was the garden of our dreams. It was because of the garden that for two years we put up with the ridiculously high crime-rate, the constant sense of insecurity, the dark gloomy house, and the heavy traffic.
In case you think I'm exaggerating the crime: the day we moved in, a guy down the street shot his wife in the street, then himself, right in front of their teenage daughters. I know that's more of a family tragedy than a crime, but it didn't bode well. Within two weeks we'd been burgled and had our car vandalised twice. Eggs and bottles were thrown at the house. My husband was on first-name terms with the local police officer by the end of the first month. We saw a woman thrown out of a moving car. Truly. We saw another woman repeatedly kicked and punched before she limped away, screaming profanities from a bleeding mouth. We found syringes, empty bottles and condoms scattered in our front yard regularly. We had a man stabbed literally on our doorstep as he leaned on the doorbell at eleven o'clock at night. We had the police come to the door and tell us to stay inside as they were after someone sheltering in our back yard (my precious garden!). Someone tried to snatch my money as I stood at the ATM putting my card away. Drunks were heaved almost senseless out of the pub to sleep the drink off on the pavement outside. My teenage daughter was followed home by two men who tried to grab her. Good thing we lived literally fifty yards from the bus stop where she'd got off. And that she had a good pair of lungs.
But the garden…Oh it was a slice of heaven. One hundred and thirty feet long, and thirty-odd feet wide. That's huge by inner-city standards. The top twenty-five per cent, nearest the house, was a patio, unevenly paved, and populated with plants in pots. Tiny solar lamps indicated the edge of the patio and the start of the lawn. The lawn took up about fifty per cent of the garden, and was uneven and veined with ancient tree roots and edged by borders containing ugly plants behind even uglier mini-fencing. I know it's not sounding great at the moment…
Dotted across the lawn and in the bottom twenty-five per cent of the garden were several old apple and pear trees, and a cheery tree. There were two small sheds, all but falling down, and an oval flower bed intruding into the top part of the lawn. The final section at the end of the garden was fenced off and badly overgrown. Paving slabs had been loosely laid, perhaps n an attempt to curb the growth of the weeds, but they presented a grave danger to ankles and toes as the slabs tipped up as soon as you stepped on them.
We gathered these slabs up into two stacks. Then we cut back the trees and shrubs to a tidy and manageable size. We dug up the weeds and created veggie patches and a herb garden. We filled tubs and pots with sunflowers and cosmos and anything that bees or butterflies might like. It was a secret, sunny spot, seemingly miles from the house and the noise of the road beyond, hidden away from prying eyes.
We often used to see a fox snoozing in the sunshine on top of the slab-stacks. Or at night, I'd hear a sound and look out to see three or four fox cubs chasing each other around the lawn or hopping back and forth over the plant pots and yapping at one another. I'm not one of those who believes wild animals are there to be shot or poisoned. I'm definitely a bleeding-heart liberal and proud to be so. My family and I derived great pleasure from watching the birds, the foxes, a squirrel, and some hedgehogs enjoying the amenities of our garden, drinking out of a plant saucer full of rainwater or foraging amongst the bushes.
Our neighbours on either side were very elderly and their gardens had been left untouched for years. The neighbour on the right-hand side had a World War II Anderson shelter at the bottom of her garden, and this was where the foxes lived. The neighbours' gardens and ours created a little oasis of wildlife-friendly space in the city, and the wildlife seemed to be thriving there. I hope they never bulldoze that block.
The area had once been an orchard. The trees in our garden were donkeys' years old, and our neighbours had a number of equally well-established fruit trees. The trees were huge, too, due to their great age. I've never seen fruit trees the size of woodland oak or beech trees. I suppose normally when orchard trees reach a certain age, they are replaced, to ensure maximum yield.
It was the kind of garden that made us strive to overcome all the other obstacles to living happily in that location in our attempt to create a home. It was the kind of garden you long to pick up and take with you.
That house was never a home, and we were so glad to leave it. But the garden belonged to another age, and another plane altogether. We still drive past the house regularly, the house itself so dimly remembered, and yet we continue to rave about the perfect little world hidden away behind it.
Yes, that is my cat, in a deep blissful sleep in the middle of the rather long grass – never seen her so carefree as she was here.
Categories: A Writer's Life, Blogs, Life Writing
Tags: British detective, british self-published writers, chick-lit, cosy murder, cozy mystery, creative inspiration, creative non-fiction, creative writing, crime writer, Dottie Manderson mysteries, independent author, independent writer, indie writer, Life Writing, murder mystery, self published, writers in Derbyshire, writing about memories, writing technique


Warning! This Post Contains Graphic Content!!!
OK, to me the graphic content in this post isn't as bad as in my first post on the topic, but it still has some so I thought I'd repeat the warning. I have a more serious purpose with this post than discussing a wound which would leave you unfit for anything other than the lead if Jethro Tull dusted off one of their songs to make a new music video.
In reading Lisi Oliver's The Body Legal in Barbarian Law I was struck by her mention of several instances where a value is placed on injuries which at one time I would have considered to be pretty much an automatic death sentence before modern medicine, particularly without the availability of antibiotics to counter sepsis. Evidently, as a value which is less than a person's full wergild is assigned to these injuries, people could sometimes recover from them. I thought I'd take a post to discuss this in a bit more detail.
This type of system has often been characterized as primitive. To me the civil court system, at least in the US, functions very similarly. In an early medieval case an assessment was made of a person's value, how much the injury or death was worth and a punitive penalty was sometimes assigned. Items such as potential earning ability, impacts on quality of life, cost of medical care, etc., were factored in. The conflict may have been settled out of court by agreement of the two parties but if they chose the judicial route there were fairly strict criteria for selecting a judge and witness testimony was highly valued. I don't see a lot of difference between these medieval cases and a modern lawsuit (once you accept the lack of scientific evidence available back then).
I had always been of the opinion that certain injuries from those days would have been pretty much a death sentence. After all, while they had some pretty solid herbal remedies, they didn't have antibiotics and while they had knowledge of the general concept that clean was better than dirty for injuries, they had no concept of germs. It's apparent that simple injuries, amputations, or even abdominal wounds which didn't damage internal organs could be recovered from. The assignment of penalties to these wounds, at rates below full wergild, indicates that survival could be expected.
This is something I need to read more on and it appears that early medieval medicine is more sophisticated than I have given it credit for. I suspect a reading of Galen and Hippocrates would be useful. I'm not sure how available these would have been to early medieval doctors however Galen's Therapeutics to Glaucon, Hippocrates Aphorisms and a text, The Wisdom of the Art of Medicine were, among others, in circulation. I also want to get a copy of the Frisian laws. According to Oliver, they were very concerned with specifics of anatomy.
Once again, even after all the reading I've done, I've come across something which surprised me. This is really cool, happens fairly often, and if it ever stops happening I have a feeling I'll have to find a new hobby. Of course it also leaves me with the sense of how much I don't know but that's OK too.
1 For being killed by a dog, see LLA, XCVI.3. For abortion, LLA, LXXXVIII.1. I should also mention that when an offender was handed over to the victim's family, general opinion is that this would usually be to serve the family as a slave until it is judged that the debt is paid, not to be killed. See Oliver(2011) pp 49-51 for a discussion of this. One of the main points of the wergild system was to reduce violence by providing non-violent means of compensation. I doubt they would have legalized turning someone over to be tortured and/or killed which would only serve to continue the violence/retribution cycle.
2 Oliver (2011), p 59 in discussing a poisoning case, "The resulting harm, in any case, would have damaged the internal organs which (except in Frisia) were not protected by law." For non-healing abdominal wounds see PLS, XVII.7, LSK, XV.6.
4 LLA, LVII.7. The Alamans, LLA, LVII.6 also include compensation of 12 solidi where, "… the brain appears and a physician can touch it with a feather or a cloth …". This is the most specific account but the Bavarians, Frisians and Franks all include compensation for injuries in which the brain is exposed. In addition to those quoted see Oliver(2011), p 86 referencing the Frisians and; BL, IV.6, V.5 and VI.5; PLS, XVII.4 and XVII.5; LSK, XV.4; PLA, I.1. Another interesting aspect to head injuries which I'm not going to cover here is that of compensation being established by determining if a piece of bone broken off was large enough to hear it strike a shield when you threw it.
5 Bald's Leechbook, III.33 for the head and III.73 for bowels.
6 Old English Herbarium, 1.Bishopwort/Betonica.
Drew, Katherine Fischer, trans., The Laws of the Salian Franks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (1991). ISBN: 978-0-8122-1322-5.
Pollington, Stephen, Leechcraft: Early English Charms, Plant Lore, and Healing. Hereward: Anglo-Saxon Books (2008). ISBN: 978-1-898281-47-4.
Rivers, Theodore John, trans., Laws of the Alamans and Bavarians. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (1977). ISBN: 0-8122-7731-7.
Wallis, Faith, ed., Medieval Medicine: A Reader. Toronto: University of Toronto Press (2010). ISBN: 978-1-4426-0103-1.
Since I don't seem to have any thoughts bursting to be released from my brain, I think I'll return to talking about stuff I've read. I just finished another book which I think deserves a mention. After reading Pagan Survivals by Bernadette Filotas I decided now would be as good of a time as any to tackle the books I have on Medieval Magic. My "to read" shelf is actually three shelves; over 90 books. Several of them fit into categories fairly easily. For example, I have five books on Medieval women, seven on Anglo-Saxons and nine on Carolingians. Heck, I even have three to read on Medieval prisons. I've read three books on magic/medicine since Filotas. The first two didn't do much for me but I just finished Leechcraft: Early English Charms, Plantlore and Healing by Stephen Pollington. This is a very good book and will make a useful reference.
This book can be divided into three sections; an opening section discussing Anglo-Saxon medicine; a middle section consisting of translations of Old English medical sources and; a final section, divided into appendices, where Pollington discusses specific aspects of source material.
The opening section includes substantial background information. A brief overview of Anglo-Saxon medicine, uses of herbs in medicine and a discussion of sources is included. This last was the most useful part of this section for me. The focus is on the origination of plant-names, whether they are from Germanic, Latin or Old English (or quite often a combination of these). I've always found these kind of discussions interesting and consider them important in discussions of the evolution of cultures though I'm woefully ignorant of the basics of linguisitics or philology. He closes this section with an encyclopedic catalog of all of the plants named in the Lacnunga, Old English Herbarium and Bald's Leechbook. He does the same for all other materials used in medicine.
The second section is the translations. These are in facing-page format with the Old English on the left, the English translation on the right. The manuscripts include the Lacnunga, Old English Herbarium and Bald's Leechbook. I am, of course, unable to comment on the quality of the translations but I'm looking forward to having these to refer to when I run across citations.
The book ends with another encyclopedic section. As appendices, Pollington lists and describes the uses of the following in Anglo-Saxon medicine: 1) amulets; 2) causes of disease; 3) charms; dreams, omens, 4) fate and well-being and; 5) tree lore. He organizes this section by the materials they were made from for physical objects, and by theme for the non-physical. For example, he discusses amulets made from antler, teeth, amber, quartz, etc., and for tree lore by species. For causes of disease he has included dwarfs, elves and elfshot, flying venom, and worms and serpents.
I think this will be a good reference for me. Interestingly, when it comes to the Late Antique/Early Medieval period I am less familiar with Anglo-Saxon/Britain than continental Western Europe (which is why this post is much more a description than an analysis). I need to work on that, fairly soon – in looking at the Kalamazoo program, I noted a lot of Anglo-Saxon sessions that I'll likely be attending.
Paul Gans recently posted an interesting message to Mediev-L, an academic mailing list.
Basically, through DNA analysis they found that variants of Yersinia pestis was the pathogen responsible for the Black Death. I'm not an epidemiologist (the closest is hearing classmates in college gripe about their epidemiology course) and am not going to detail the argument. However if you're interested in the debate over the cause of the Black Death, this seems to provide pretty strong evidence that it was the Bubonic Plague and Y. pestis.
If you look at Table 1 you'll see that their examination was not strictly limited to the 14th century but that the evidence for Y. pestis is much stronger for that event than for the Justinian plague. Someone more familiar with microbiology will have to explain their discussion from page 5 of the PDF before I understand it exactly.
I've never been particularly convinced by arguments that something else was the cause but this article appears to refute it fairly strongly.
BTW – as a caution, and a reminder that I am indeed The Master of the Blatantly Obvious I think there will still be individual disease events in communities that were not caused by the plague. There were plenty of other diseases affecting communities during the Middle Ages and I'm sure that when plague was raging, at times the Bubonic Plague received credit for some of them. No reason there won't be inconsistencies in accounts and in some cases a village will probably have been affected by something else.
This is a good, interesting book – with a few issues for individual essays. The first two essays, by Little and Hays, respectively, provide a summary of the evolution of the study of the plague – in brief for all plague events and in greater detail for the pandemic covered by the book. Little focuses more fully on the Justinianic Plague and only branches off to the discussion of other plagues as points of comparison while Hays addresses some of the issues and methodologies historians face when studying plague, pandemics and epidemics. These essays do a nice job of setting the stage for the remainder of the discussion, though as I will address later, including one additional essay here rather than where it appears might have been useful.
I won't discuss each essay as, again, that would require a review article, not a book review. However I will touch on some essays that stand out for me.
Michael G. Morony's essay is highly informative – and at times troubling. He discusses the Syriac sources in some depth, particularly the second part of John of Ephesus' Ecclesiastical History which is the primary Syriac source for the plague. 1 He provides a very nice summary of what contemporary literature has to say about the plague, including the mention of symptoms pointing to this as plague as well as how the geographic progression of the disease can be traced through the sources. Where I have issues with this essay are in the conclusions. He accepts the scope and scale of the devastation of the plague as described in the sources in a relatively uncritical manner. He accepts as "realistic and believable" that the plague may have killed a third of the population (p 73) despite later accepting that other causes may have had an impact (pp 84-86). He also provides an interesting statement which I believe requires additional support, "But monasticism arguably drove down the birth rate among Christians in general compared to non-Christians." (p 85). Is there evidence for this? In any case, I enjoyed this article, however I believe some of his conclusions lack support.
Alain J. Stoclet's essay on the plague in Gaul discusses how the plague was both blamed on and responded to through; religion and religious practice; secular leaders and; superstition. There's a fair amount of information and references to source material, however it lacks a cogent message and came across to me as a bit of a ramble. He fails to tie the information together or even provide a conclusion or summary. When I finished it, my mental thought was, "So what?".
Robert Sollares' contribution is, in my opinion, the most outstanding in this entire volume. For someone such as myself, who is relatively unfamiliar with the plague (I have, as anyone who's ever read on the 14th century does, at least a passing familiarity with The Black Death) this detailed discussion of the Plague, both from the evolution of the study of the Plague and its epidemiology, is extremely useful. Sollares somehow manages to take hundreds of years of research, tie it all together and apply it to Medieval studies in one essay. I believe that for many people it would be more useful to read this as chapter 3, following Hays, than where it is placed in this book.
As he has done elsewhere, Michael McCormick provides something of a "future directions for study" related to microbiology and molecular biology. 3 He discusses methods in which current and future areas of scientific study may lead to a greater – in some cases far greater – understanding of the plague. Possibly due to my science background, I enjoyed this essay tremendously.
This is a high quality, useful book, certainly appropriate for an amateur with some knowledge of Late Antiquity. The essays are geographically quite broad and range from Syria and North Africa to Ireland and England. It is obvious that the respective contributions were written independently of each other as quite frequently the same area is covered in more than one essay – and reach different conclusions. What is most lacking is that final essay to tie it all together. McCormick provides a look forward, however someone tackling a summation of what was covered in this volume would have added value. There is also a lack of emphasis on attempts to quantify the long-term, subsequent impacts of the plague. This is touched on at times, such as by Sarris and Kulikowski, however the emphasis of most of the essays are on the contemporary impacts. Still, this is an excellent opening effort toward a comprehensive discussion of the Justinianic Plague which had such an impact, particularly on the late Roman world in the east. I hope that a more narrative type volume will soon follow to provide a more focused path of study.
1 The Third part of John of Ephesus' Ecclesiastical History, translated by R. Payne Smith, is available both in print (as a reprint edition) and as a download from The Internet Archive. However to the best of my knowledge the second part is not available in its entirety in English but is largely recounted (according to Morony – I have this wishlisted, not in hand) in Harrak's translation of The Chronicle of Zuchnin (1999).
2 In Gillett, Kulikowski provides arguments in opposition to Pohl (1998) regarding what archaeological evidence can tell us about ethnogenesis. He argues that there is extraordinarily little we can tell about the evolution of social structures and ethnic groups from these – particularly regarding the Goths but also in general. He provides substantial evidence but I found his conclusions unsatisfying. In his Late Roman Spain and Its Cities he frequently offers statements such as, "Thus, although Zaragosa would appear to have lost the last vestiges of its Roman townscape by the middle of the sixth century – in the sense that however many Roman buildings were still standing, the last lingering social aspects of that townscape were no more – there is no reason to think that the number of people who lived in the city declined or that the city underwent any sort of urban shrinkage." (p 297) To my mind, when the structures – social, governmental and physical – that are typically associated with urban life disappear (and are not replaced), it is very logical to conclude that it is likely that some loss of population occurred. Either this or we assume that Medievals were capable of adopting some sort of communal behavior whereby large groups of people can live together without urban social structures without substantial social disruption. Kulikowski uses Ampurias as a parallel example – except in Ampurias, according to him, a major rebuilding program took place in the sixth century, something he does not attest to for Zaragosa. While there is no direct evidence for population loss from Zaragosa, there appear to be plenty of indicators – enough to reach an at least tentative conclusion. This absence of conclusions, even tentative ones, based on archaeological evidence is a common thread in this – still very good – book.
3 See this blog post from Jonathan Jarrett for another example of McCormick discussing the use of modern scientific methods in historical study.
Gillett, Andrew, ed. (2002). On Barbarian Identity: Critical Approaches to Ethnicity (Turnhout). ISBN: 978-2503511689 – I apologize for not correctly citing Kulikowski's contribution here. I will correct this the next time I get to the University library and can take a look at the book (provided it isn't checked out).
Harrak, Amir (1999). Chronicle of Zuqnin: Parts III and IV, AD. 488-775 (Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto). ISBN: 978-0888442864.


text:
The National SEED Project at St. Hilda's & St. Hugh's
Fostering a Dynamic Co-Educational Environment
Chapel Highlights
Ms. Lee's Chuseok Chapel
In September, third grade teacher and DEIL member Paula Lee presented about Chuseok during lower division Chapel. Wearing a hanbok, a Korean dress worn for semi-formal and formal, traditional occasions, Ms. Lee spoke about a common practice shared by many different cultures around the world: harvest celebrations. The first images that she displayed depicted North American Thanksgiving and was quickly identified by many students in the audience. Other examples included the rice festival in Bali and the grape festival in Argentina. Ms. Lee went on to say, "My parents are from South Korea which is a tiny country in Asia. The beautiful part is that most of it is made up of mountains, and it is surrounded by ocean, so you are never too far from hiking or swimming in nature." She then talked about the holiday Chuseok, referring to it as "Korean Thanksgiving," saying that she had recently celebrated it with her own family.
Ms. Lee wore a hanbok during her Lower Division chapel.
Students and teachers learned that Chuseok is a major harvest festival and a three-day holiday when Korean people visit their ancestral hometowns and celebrate the good harvest in a variety of ways. "They visit the graves of the recently deceased and pay respect by bowing and giving offerings." There are also "many celebrations in towns that include traditional dancing and music, folk games, and competitions like a big town fair." Ms. Lee said, "The best part of any Thanksgiving is the food. There are lots of different foods, but one of the most important is songpyeon which is a rice cake filed with honey and nuts." This year, Ms. Lee said, "I got together with my family for dinner, and I ate maybe a dozen of those…"
Ms. Lee showed a video of dancers performing a dance called ganggangsullae. She explained, "It is supposed to represent the waxing and waning of the harvest moon."


text:
package nl.babbq.conference2015.utils;

import android.view.View;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
import android.view.animation.TranslateAnimation;

/**
 * Easily expand or collapse a view.
 * @author Arnaud Camus
 */
public class ViewAnimations {
    public static void expand(final View v) {
        TranslateAnimation anim = null;
            anim = new TranslateAnimation(0.0f, 0.0f, -v.getHeight(), 0.0f);
            v.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

        anim.setDuration(300);
        anim.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator(0.5f));
        v.startAnimation(anim);
    }

    public static void collapse(final View v) {
        TranslateAnimation anim = null;

        anim = new TranslateAnimation(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -v.getHeight());
        Animation.AnimationListener collapselistener= new Animation.AnimationListener() {
            @Override
            public void onAnimationStart(Animation animation) {
            }

            @Override
            public void onAnimationRepeat(Animation animation) {
            }

            @Override
            public void onAnimationEnd(Animation animation) {
                v.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            }
        };

        anim.setAnimationListener(collapselistener);
        anim.setDuration(300);
        anim.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator(0.5f));
        v.startAnimation(anim);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Among the Forest People by Clara Dillingham Pierson
I F the Rattlesnake is the king of the forest in the daytime, the Great Horned Owl is the king at night. Indeed, he is much the more powerful of the two, for he is king of air and earth alike and can go wherever he wishes, while the snake can only rule over those who live near the ground or who are so careless as to come to him there.
There was but one pair of Great Horned Owls in the forest, and they lived in the deepest shade, having their great clumsy nest in the hollow of a tall tree. You might have walked past it a hundred times and never have guessed that any Owls lived there, if you did not notice the round pellets of bone and hair on the grass. They are such hungry fellows that they swallow their food with the bones in it. Then their tough little stomachs go to work, rolling all the pieces of bone and hair into balls and sending them back to be cast out of the Owls' mouths to the ground.
The Great Horned Owl was a very large bird. His whole body was covered with brown, dull yellow, and white feathers. Even his feet and legs were covered, and all that you could see besides were his black claws and his black hooked bill. Yes, at night you could see his eyes, too, and they were wonderful great eyes that could see in the dark, but they were shut in the daytime when he was resting. His wife, who was the queen of the forest at night, looked exactly like him, only she was larger than he. And that is the way among Owls,—the wife is always larger than her husband.
Every night when the sun had gone down, the Great Horned Owl and his wife would come out of their hollow tree and sit blinking on a branch near by, waiting until it got dark enough for them to see quite plainly. As the light faded, the little black spots in their eyes would grow bigger and bigger, and then off they would go on their great soft, noiseless wings, hunting in the grass and among the branches for the supper which they called breakfast.
Mrs. Owl could not be gone very long at a time, for there were two large round white eggs in the nest which must not get cold. Her husband was on the wing most of the night, and he often flew home with some tender morsel for her. He was really a kind-hearted fellow, although you could never have made the small birds think so. Sometimes his wife would sigh and tell how tired she was of sitting still, and how glad she would be when the eggs were hatched and she could go more with him. When she began to speak of that, the Great Horned Owl would get ready for another flight and go off saying: "It is too bad. I am so sorry for you. But then, one would never have young Owlets if one didn't stick to the nest." He was always proud of his children, and he thought himself a very good husband. Perhaps he was; still he had never taken his place on the nest while his wife went hunting.
One night, after they had both been flying through forest and over field, he came back to the hollow tree to rest. He expected to find Mrs. Owl, for she had started home before he did. She was not there and he grew quite impatient. "I should like to know what keeps her so long," he said, fretfully. After a while he looked into the nest and saw the two big white eggs. "It is a shame," he said. "Our beautiful eggs will be chilled, and it will be all her fault if we have no Owlets this summer."
You see, even then he did not seem to think that he could do anything to keep them warm. But the next time he looked in, he put one feathered foot on the round eggs and was surprised to find how cool they were.
It fairly made his head feathers stand on end to think of it, and he was so frightened that he forgot to be cross, and stepped right in and covered them with his own breast. What if they had already been left too long, and the Owlets within would never hatch? Would Mrs. Owl ever forgive him for being so stupid? He began to wonder if any of the other fellows would see him. He thought it so absurd for the king of the forest to be hatching out a couple of eggs, instead of swooping around in the dark and frightening the smaller birds.
The night seemed so long, too. It had always been short enough before, and he had often disliked to have daylight come, for then he had to go to bed. He was very much upset, and it is no wonder that when he heard a doleful wail from a neighboring tree, and knew that his cousin, the Screech Owl, was near, he raised his head and called loudly, "Hoo-hoo-oooo? Waugh-hoo!"
The Screech Owl heard him and flew at once to a branch beside the nest hollow. He was a jolly little fellow in spite of his doleful call, and before he could talk at all he had to bend his body, look behind him, nod his head, and shake himself, as Screech Owls always do when they alight. Then he looked into the tree and saw his big cousin, the Great Horned Owl, the night king of the forest, sitting on the eggs and looking very, very grumpy. How he did laugh! "What is the matter?" said he. "Didn't you like your wife's way of brooding over the eggs? Or did she get tired of staying at home and make you help tend the nest?"
"Matter enough," grumbled the Great Horned Owl. "We went hunting together at twilight and she hasn't come home yet. I didn't get into the nest until I had to, but it was growing very cold and I wouldn't miss having our eggs hatch for anything. Ugh-whoo! How my legs do ache!"
"Well," said his cousin, "you are having a hard time. Are you hungry?"
The Great Horned Owl said that he was, so the Screech Owl went hunting and brought him food. "I will look in every night," he said, "and bring you a lunch. I'm afraid something has happened to your wife and that she will not be back."
As he flew away he called out, "It is too bad. I am very sorry for you. But then, I suppose you would never have the Owlets if you didn't stick to the nest."
This last remark made the Great Horned Owl quite angry. "Much he knows about it," he said. "I guess if he had ever tried it he would be a little more sorry for me." And then he began to think, "Who have I heard say those very words before? Who? Who? Who?"
All at once the Great Horned Owl remembered how many times he had said just that to his patient wife, and he began to feel very uncomfortable. His ears tingled and he felt a queer hot feeling under his face feathers. Perhaps he hadn't been acting very well after all! He knew that even when he told her he was sorry, he had been thinking she made a great fuss. Well, if she would only come back now, that should all be changed, and he shifted his weight and wriggled around into a more comfortable position.
Now, if this were just a story, one could say that Mrs. Owl came back and that they were all happy together; but the truth is she never did come, and nobody ever knew what became of her. So her husband, the night king of the forest, had to keep the eggs warm and rear his own Owlets. You can imagine how glad he was on the night when he first heard them tapping on the inside of their shells, for then he knew that he would soon be free to hunt.
A finer pair of children were never hatched, and their father thought them far ahead of all his other broods. "If only Mrs. Owl were here to see them, how lovely it would be!" he said. Yet if she had been there he would never have had the pleasure of hearing their first faint cheeps, and of covering them with his soft breast feathers as he did each day. He forgot now all the weary time when he sat with aching legs, wishing that his cousin would happen along with something to eat. For that is always the way,—when we work for those we love, the weariness is soon forgotten and only happiness remains.
It is said that the Screech Owl was more thoughtful of his wife after his cousin had to hatch the eggs, and it is too bad that some of the other forest people could not have learned the same lesson; but the Great Horned Owl never told, and the Screech Owl kept his secret, and to this day there are many people in the forest who know nothing whatever about it.