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Why Your Team Can't Make Decisions
We make hundreds of decisions every day. Some may be more difficult to make than others. Deciding what to wear is a little less risky than, should I move to Bora Bora, or should I invest in soy beans or technology? When you add several other people into the decision making soup, it becomes a little more murky. There are many factors that can affect, influence, and block a team's decision making efforts.
What Impacts a Team's Decision Making Abilities?
Listening: This, of course, falls under the culture umbrella. Does the team listen to one another? Are ideas allowed to flow freely without fear of negative conflict, ridicule, or automatic dismissal? Serious conflict can be a real roadblock.
Team Size: The size of the team can have an affect on team decision making. The larger the team, the more difficult it will be to make a decision.
Diversity: Diversity of gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, areas of expertise, and organizational affiliation all play a role in team decision making. Further if the team is both international and virtual, this brings in an additional element that can prove difficult.
Time: Time can play a role in decision making as well. Is there a deadline? Are there time zones to consider? Is it too early to make the decision? Are there seasonal considerations?
The Type of Problem Being Addressed: The decision whether or not to hire new admin staff members can be light hearted and take less time. Strategic decisions can be cumbersome, political, and more complex.
The Decision Making Model: The model the team uses in making a decision can hinder or escalate the decision making process. For example, a strategic decision might involve conducting a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Treats). The brainstorming method might be used to plan an event. A team may be contemplating moving a department to another building and a simple pros and cons exercise might work just fine. The SWOT is time consuming and could become complicated. The brainstorming team could be a barrel of fun and the pros and cons method can be quick, down, and dirty as the saying goes. A slow strategy can prove to be just as bad a no strategy. However, in today's rapidly changing business environment, speed is of the essence.
Behaviors: We want and need diverse teams. This also means diverse behaviors. It is essential that each team member understand his or her own behaviors as well as those of teammates. Each behavioral group or combination thereof has a particular decision making process. People who are assertive, aggressive and domineering tend to make knew jerk decisions, neglect gathering the facts, and fail to listen. Others may be "flighty" and agree to anything or everything and change as the wind blows. Still others, may withhold information and fail to contribute valuable input. Another behavioral group wants to gather every fact, follow specific procedures, and fear they and the team will all fail if the absolute correct decision is not made.
Decision making processes and their results for that matter are not flawless. It is possible to reduce poor decision making by using appropriate models for particular decisions. An even bigger key is for team members to have a solid self-understanding of their own decision behavioral tendencies. In addition, other team members with other behavioral styles can help facilitate the decision making process through their understanding of their own and others decision making tendencies.
Thank you for reading this blog. If you would like assistance in understanding decision making processes and communication styles of your team, email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., call 404-320-7834, or visit www.performstrat.com
Teams,,	Decision Making,

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tap News Log in	Register	☰
Paris Climate Change Conference shows that climate is being used as the excuse for world government
Sat 7:44 am +00:00, 18 Jul 2015 12
posted by Gordon
Upcoming Global Climate Change Agreement Completely Ignores Geoengineering, Precursor Of Oppressive One World Government
Activist Michael Murphy Warns About Draconian Climate Change Legislation In The Works
SOTN Editor's Note
A highly consequential global climate change conference recently took place in Paris, France. Several concerned activists, including activist Michael Murphy, attended this meeting in order to better understand the hidden agenda behind the extraordinary drive to pass sweeping global climate legislation. The primary stated purpose of this new regime of international laws and treaties is to exert absolute control over CO2 emissions at both the macro and micro levels throughout planet Earth.
If successful, national governments and transnational corporations everywhere will be subjected to mandates and legislation limiting their CO2 emissions and carbon production. So will cities and towns, households and businesses. However, carbon control is not the only purpose behind this major item on the NWO (New World Order) agenda. In fact, there is a much greater objective concerning all of their endeavours to foist an overarching Global CO2 'Management' Regime (aka One World Government) on the entire planetary civilization. The following essay reveals those true goals and clandestine purposes in some detail.
The most disconcerting upshot of this conference has been well articulated by the following open letter written by Michael Murphy. It's clear from the various discussions in Paris with scientists and politicians from around the world that something very big is about to happen in the realm of global climate change and geoengineering. Many now question whether it is truly for the greater good, or just another way of controlling and taxing the people.
When Geoengineering operations are conducted via Chemtrails and HAARP around the globe 24/7 (as illustrated in the above photo), how can such destructive and ubiquitous alterations of weather patterns and climate trends be left out of the global climate change discussion?
Answer: They can't be, except by wilful blindness and/or deliberate negligence.
Letter from Michael Murphy as follows:
Dear Fellow Chemtrail/Geoengineering Activists,
I am writing to share what I have learned, as well as express my concerns, after attending the "Our Common Future Under Climate Change" in Paris, France last week. This meeting was the precursor to a global climate agreement and global government which, if allowed to form, will essentially become a carbon dictatorship whereby every aspect of our lives will be controlled by the corporate/governmental complex. The planned signing of this global climate agreement is scheduled to occur this coming December in Paris. Upon further reflection on this past meeting, it is now clear that there is a direct correlation between geoengineering and the climate change agendas. I now believe this to be the most important time and focus of our activism.
What is clear to many of us who attended this meeting is that we are now facing a planned agenda for the largest transfer of monetary and political power in the history of our civilization. As a matter of fact, many of us who attended the meeting as activists jokingly called the meeting "Our Communist Future Under Climate Change" due to the many profound political objectives discussed. This covert and oppressive agenda is all being perpetuated in the context of arresting global climate change, which is clearly caused to a great degree by geoengineering but blamed almost entirely on anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As I will discuss in this letter, the following statement is very important and key to our efforts in getting geoengineering stopped. It is also critical in terminating the planned fiscal and political takeover that was outlined in the Paris meetings:
The IPCC Climate Model is flawed and fraudulent due to the fact that the geoengineering practices that have been ongoing for over 60 years have not been included in the model. The stated purpose of the geoengineering programs is to "change the climate and manipulate the weather", therefore, there can be no accurate, definitive statement made that the planet is warming, cooling or in the midst of climate change due to CO2. To make such a statement allows for the continuation of the destructive geoengineering programs, the deception surrounding them and the further misleading of the public. Supporting the global warming/climate change agenda has no benefit whatsoever to our efforts in getting geoengineering stopped and also leads us into supporting the legalization of geoengineering, as well as the worldwide transfer of wealth and power into the hands of the global elite.
"Geoengineering, through the eyes of the IPCC"
During the conference, myself and other geoengineering activists had the opportunity to ask several of the world's top climate scientists if any of the ongoing weather modification and other geoengineering programs have been included in any climate models. The answer from all who we asked was "No, geoengineering has not been included." We also had the opportunity to interview some of the world's leading scientists who admitted on camera that the climate models are flawed due to these and other missing components. The question we must ask, then, is how can mandates, taxes and other fiscal/political changes be justified without a consensus on climate change, especially when the basic models are missing perhaps the largest component of our changing climate, geoengineering? These and other interviews from the meeting will be included in my next film. (See the trailer here: www.unconventionalgrey.com)
Because carbon is a primary element and CO2 is a integral component of life on our planet, all of us have a carbon footprint that can be measured, analyzed and controlled. Consequently, CO2 has become the target compound/gas that will be mandated for reduction, taxed and used to implement various Agenda 21 and other global government objectives. A common theme at the meeting was that a global problem requires a global solution. That global solution is global government mandates, taxes and other forms of legislation (as well as various methods of implementation) that are alluded to in this letter.
As outlined at the meeting, government and scientific goals include the reduction of the planet's temperature by two degrees. The stated means by which to do this is to reduce (i) the CO2 usage every individual on the planet, as well as (ii) the carbon footprint of each nation. They (governments and corporations, scientific research and academia) are planning on doing this by implementing dramatic changes in the personal lives of individuals which most likely will include the monitoring of people via smart meters, using black boxes in cars and by other means. Some of those will measure and limit people's CO2 usage, as well as take aggressive measures against people who go over their daily limits.
If we support this agenda, a very likely example of a future scenario is the case of leaving a light on accidentally in our home and being monetarily fined because it constitutes a violation of a mandate that forbids us to have lights on during certain periods or for specified lengths of time during the day. Other examples of mandates are occurring in those states that currently tax people based on the mileage that they drive. This legislated policy is currently being carried out in certain states such as Oregon and could, if effective, be implemented worldwide. (Click here: Other planned mandates that have been discussed include limiting where, what days and how far we drive.)
Also, because smart meters have the ability to monitor the appliances that are used in our homes and businesses, it is likely that we will be forced to upgrade our vacuum cleaners and dishwashers, dryers and wash machines as well as other appliances to newer models that are deemed by this agenda to be appropriately "green." If this agreement is passed, they (corporations) will have a means to control specifically what we do in our own homes, including the shutting down of our power, if and when we exceed the allotted amount of energy. This planned "carbon control dictatorship" is essentially a government/corporate carbon control matrix[1] that will invade every aspect of our lives, even determining what products we use and how we use them.
The plan to bring a 'world government' to local municipalities (via Agenda 21) by way of sanctions, legal actions and other aggressive measures.
What is also concerning about this agenda is the discussion as to how to bring this global corporate/government agenda to local governments. The term used in many of the meetings was "sustainability", which sounds good; however, it is also the key term used to sell and soften the dictatorial and oppressive United Nations' initiative known as Agenda 21. This overarching agenda has clear objectives and specific goals which include the forced transfer of private lands and usurpation of property rights. Agenda 21 also imposes the same demanding global governance objectives on local municipalities. Because of the impossibility of getting voluntary compliance at the local level, taking aggressive action toward counties and municipalities who do not conform/comply were discussed at the meeting, including the implementation of various sanctions against non-compliant entities/parties.
I was also informed during one of the implementation sessions that some foreign governments are now suing local municipalities who have refused to sign on to these burdensome global mandates. (Video footage of this will be covered in the upcoming documentary "An Unconventional Shade of Grey") Another strategy discussed is using a global monetary fund (to be established through a massive carbon taxation regime) in order to essentially bribe developing nations with grant money to sign on to this heavy-handed agenda. As discussed in many sessions, the use of sanctions and grants are very effective tools in bringing about 'successful' negotiations and implementing these severe measures. This is especially the case for those developing nations who, according to speakers at the meeting, are less likely to sign on unless given financial incentives and/or subjected to economic sanctions. Basically, we are entering an era where governments and municipalities will most likely will be forced to either accept payouts or face punishments for non-compliance.
Because the climate models are so profoundly flawed, the climate agenda is fraudulent.
If we do not address this rapidly unfolding agenda immediately, the world will soon experience the greatest transfer of financial and political power in the history of our civilization. This transformation will create massive losses and unprecedented damages to the majority of people around the world. The formation of global government according to these agreements will most likely include the legalization of geoengineering, elimination of the right to initiate lawsuits by removing the legal standing within the respective jurisdictions (national, state, county, city). It will also subject the whole carbon management and taxation regime to an international tribunal for adjudication purposes.
According to information which has been released through documents related to both the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) and the TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership), this upcoming global carbon control regime via world government will be controlled by those corporate interests that benefit from these and other damaging programs. Because the opposition (those who are implementing this global climate change legislation) is taking legal and legislative initiatives, it's incumbent upon those of us who are aware of the environmental ravages of geoengineering to vigorously oppose these steps with countervailing legal and legislative action(s). I will soon be drafting a letter to send to our political leaders and will also continue to move forward with our class action lawsuit. Any attorney who is sympathetic to this cause is invited to support our legal team in any that works for them. (See more info at GeoengineeringActionNetwork.org)
The time is now to demand an end to all climate meetings, agreements, mandates, as well as all other attempts to form an autocratic global government. The future of humanity and fate of the planet will be determined by the outcomes associated with their NWO agenda, especially to the extent thatAgenda 21 is permitted to be implemented both locally and globally.
I would like to thank all of my supporters who made my attendance at the meeting a reality, as well as thank all the other activists who attended and who brought the crucial issue of geoengineering into the discussion with great dexterity. Again, the importance of us all addressing this highest priority issue cannot be overstated.
Thank you for your time; your past, present and future activism; and for bringing this important message to your respective audiences. As always, "Keep looking up!"
Michael J. Murphy
Director/Producer of "WHAT and WHY in the World are They Spraying?"
The upcoming 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference this November and December is as big as it gets. The consensual outcomes generated at that meeting will surely dictate the future of the humanity like no other international agreements in the past. Hence, the voice of the people of this planet MUST be heard in advance.
Because of the steady intensification of Global Climate Change, as well as the systematic increase in geoengineering programs being conducted worldwide, the products of that conference are quite fraudulent and without merit. When chemtrails are sprayed relentlessly everywhere across the planet, how can the real weather patterns be properly assessed and climatological data be accurately interpreted?
What's the point? The critical point is that we — who are in the know — had better get our collective acts together … fast! Shutting down the multinational government and corporate juggernaut that is steamrolling countries and societies everywhere is now an existential imperative.
[1] New World Order: Where Geoengineering Meets The Global Carbon Control Matrix
Relentless Chemtrail Spraying and HAARP-manufactured weather events radically alter California's climate
TEXAS DELUGE: Was it a geoengineered weather event to enforce compliance with Agenda 21?
Why In The World Are They Spraying
https://www.facebook.com/WhatintheWorldAreTheySpraying?fref=ts
Video References
Paris Video Update: Day 1
https://youtu.be/fmen2iIFByQ
Paris Climate Meeting Update: Day 2
https://youtu.be/0NnrM8G4oF0
Source: http://themillenniumreport.com/2015/07/open-letter-from-paris-climate-change-conference-participant-sounds-the-alarm/
12 Responses to "Paris Climate Change Conference shows that climate is being used as the excuse for world government"
The real WMD being totally ignored…. time to shout about it.
Time to Denounce! says:
Thank you Michael, there are more and more awaken people becoming activists in many ways, let's fight for the truth. The whole world is being tricked by corrupt leaders who promote lies and greedy corporations, and the world is enslaved in many ways because of those criminals, Time to denounce them and stop this! We're with you!
Michael Treeplanter says:
Your logic is flawed. The effect of chemtrails is ALWAYS to cool the earth. The spraying is being done is slow down the warming. The spraying should be stopped of course, but the result will be greater global warming. We MUST reduce carbon emissions. And we need to install solar panels on every rooftop, and start using electric cars that can be recharged from solar. We can still have all the energy we need, we just have to start using non-carbon sources in every way possible.
5 Aug 2015 1:32 pm
That is correct. After the twin towers attack, when commercial air traffic temporarily ceased, the global temperature increased due to solar radiation not being reflected by trails.
NB President Obama, who no doubt means well but has possibly been badly advised, referred to Carbon from power-stations as a toxin and linked it to mercury etc. However carbon is non-toxic and carbon dioxide is in any case essential for vegetative growth.
However, global warming is an effect of the earth coming out of the last ice-age and nothing to do with carbon fuel usage. Carbon dioxide used to be 4000 parts per million instead of the much lesser amount it is today. The result was much greater plant growth – horsetails 30 feet high instead of the few inches of today – and consequently more oxygen produced by the abundant plant life.This led to dragonflies with 2 foot wingspan etc etc.Sufficient to ruin a picnic, granted, but an indication of what might happen if CO2 levels return to normal instead of the scarcity of today.
sovereigntea says:
There have been periods in the history of the earth with far higher CO2 concentrations than today we are all still here. One good belch from a volcano can exceed all the horrid scary CO2 from all the cars and power stations in the world. The higher the concentration of CO2 then the faster plants grow sequestrating the carbon and leaving oxygen which we breathe.
If CO2 is eliminated then all the plants will die and so will all other life on earth.
Whoever made the comment that after air traffic ceased on 911 the temp rose is correct. The temp during the night probably fell due to less insulation from cloud / trail cover. Why is that info not available who might want to hide it ?
Nike says:
1.24 Jul 2015 5:20 pm
Your logic is flawed.
Yours undoubtedly is – for there is no "global warming by co2" (that's a narrative, a global fraud for raking in billions, trillions of tax slaves' money)
There is a cooling of temperature by chemtrailing – and heating happens at the same time; there is no cooling possible at night because of layers of aluminum in the ionosphere
"Obama, who no doubt means well.."
Hail messiah?
"scarcity" "scarcity in CO2"
Oh yeah that's what the global mafia loves to impose on humanity.
Stupidity should have an end though.
"If CO2 is eliminated then all the plants will die and so will all other life on earth." (sovereintea)
Thanks for some sanity.
Dkblue says:
'Obama' meaning well???
The great fraudster Barry Soetoro who has continued to tighten the noose on what is left of freedom in America whilst promoting violence and degeneracy worldwide.
Sure, he sincerely cares for our planet and its people! He says tomayto, I say tomato!
That was what is known as sarcasm, I don't think he means well at all.
Dogman says:
The 1987 Montreal Protocol was part of the same game under the pretense of protecting the ozone layer. They tried to force coerce each nation to sign up to a treaty. The Kyoto Protocol is the global warming version of the Montreal Protocol.
The following is from Ben Liebermann:
The Montreal Protocol's provisions were tightened in 1990 and again in 1992, culminating with a CFC ban in most developed nations by 1996.
As far as ozone depletion is concerned, the thinning of the ozone layer that occurred throughout the 1980s apparently stopped in the early 1990s, too soon to credit the Montreal Protocol. A 1998 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) report said that, "since 1991, the linear [downward] trend observed during the 1980s has not continued, but rather total column ozone has been almost constant …" However, the same report noted that the stratospheric concentrations of the offending compounds were still increasing through 1998. This lends credence to the skeptical view, widely derided at the time of the Montreal Protocol, that natural variations better explain the fluctuations in the global ozone layer.
The feared increase in ground level UVB radiation also failed to materialize. Keep in mind that ozone depletion doesn't really harm human health or the environment. It's the concern that an eroded ozone layer will allow more of the sun's damaging UVB rays to reach the earth that led to the Montreal Protocol. But WMO concedes that no statistically significant long-term trends have been detected, noting earlier this year that "outside the polar regions, ozone depletion has been relatively small, hence, in many places, increases in UV due to this depletion are difficult to separate from the increases caused by other factors, such as changes in cloud and aerosol." In short, the impact of ozone depletion on UVB over populated regions is so small that it's hard to detect.
U.S. National Cancer Institute statistics show that malignant melanoma incidence and mortality, which had been undergoing a long-term increase that predates ozone depletion, has actually been leveling off during the putative ozone crisis.
http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2007/09/ozone-the-hole-truth
Satellite data shows the Earth's atmosphere has been cooling since 1998.
All the clever stuff is explained here:
http://www.icecap.us/images/uploads/The_Ice_Caps_are_Growing.pdf
Even the Daily Mail has acknowledged that the ice caps have grown:
The speech by former US Vice-President Al Gore was apocalyptic. 'The North Polar ice cap is falling off a cliff,' he said. 'It could be completely gone in summer in as little as seven years. Seven years from now.'
Those comments came in 2007 as Mr Gore accepted the Nobel Peace Prize for his campaigning on climate change.
But seven years after his warning, The Mail on Sunday can reveal that, far from vanishing, the Arctic ice cap has expanded for the second year in succession – with a surge, depending on how you measure it, of between 43 and 63 per cent since 2012.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2738653/Stunning-satellite-images-summer-ice-cap-thicker-covers-1-7million-square-kilometres-MORE-2-years-ago-despite-Al-Gore-s-prediction-ICE-FREE-now.html#ixzz3hxgnmd9M
Dublinmick says:
There is no doubt it is being used in this way. The interesting fact is most people deny climate change, I call them climate change denialists.
It has very little to do with carbon footprints however, no matter it will be used as a lock down process.
The earth is heating up and the TPTB will use it.
https://dublinsmickdotcom.wordpress.com/2013/11/03/thawing-permafrost-the-speed-of-coastal-erosion-in-eastern-siberia-has-nearly-doubled-arctic-methane-released-at-blinding-speed-climate-change-core-of-earth-heats-up/
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DS gets web browser, TV tuner
Also: Nintendo talks Winning Eleven, Calligraphy Training, more.
News by Tom Bramwell Contributor
Published on 15 Feb 2006
Nintendo DS is getting a web browser based on Opera, a digital TV tuner add-on, and new games including Calligraphy Training and Winning Eleven, Nintendo's announced at a press conference in Japan.
The event gave the gathered press a chance to see the DS Lite, due to launch in Japan on March 2nd, up close, while Nintendo also used the address to showcase video footage of Children of Mana and XenoSaga 1 & 2, and announce Japanese release dates and pricing for Tetris DS and New Super Mario Bros.
The web browser, which is expected to launch at the end of June in Japan, will come on a regular DS game card and cost 3800 yen (EUR 27 / GBP 18). Web pages will appear across both of the DS' screens, with PDA-style touch input. "Opera exceeded our expectations with its user friendly interface, quick access to all your favorite sites, ease of use and, most importantly, in making the best use of the Nintendo DS system's unique double screens and touch screen features," said Masaru Shimomura of Nintendo R&D. There's more information and a (very) small image on the Opera website.
The TV tuner add-on will occupy the standard DS game slot, protruding out behind the DS top-screen with an aerial that makes the DS look a bit like a gargoyle out of Snow Crash probably. It's being done in collusion with 1Seg, a Japanese outfit, so if Nintendo does similar things in the US and Europe it's likely to partner with someone else.
The Japanese DS Lite will be supported by shipments of 500,000 in the first two weeks and up to one million for the whole of March, said Nintendo. A month later in April, Tetris DS will launch at an unusual price of 3800 yen, followed by the 4800 yen (EUR 34 / GBP 24) New Super Mario Bros. in May.
DS owners can also look forward to a Calligraphy Training game in the same vein as the ridiculously successful Brain Training titles, with a cooking game of some description also in the offing. Other announcements include Winning Eleven from Konami (Pro Evolution Soccer in Europe), Super Robot Wars and Dynasty Warriors, while Children of Mana and XenoSaga were both presentable enough to be shown in video form.
Tom Bramwell
Tom worked at Eurogamer from early 2000 to late 2014, including seven years as Editor-in-Chief.


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When it comes to any sort of IT Equipment Recycling – be that computer recycling, monitor recycling, server recycling or network recycling, we are the go to experts and we will provide you with the appropriate Environment Agency paper work and if you have opted for "proof of destruction" to have your sensitive data wiped from the hard drives, we will provide you with certificates that verify it has been done.
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American Empire, Biden Administration, Cold War, International, Venezuela
Biden Asks Venezuelan Coup Leader to 'Democracy Summit'
The U.S. president's invitation to Juan Guaidó, an unelected opposition figure, comes weeks after Venezuelans reelected President Maduro in a contest U.S. legal observers called fair.
Feb. 4, 2020: Juan Guaido after President Donald Trump recognized him as the legitimate leader of Venezuela during the State of the Union address. (White House, D. Myles Cullen)
By Jake Johnson
U.S. President Joe Biden has invited Venezuela's right-wing coup leader Juan Guaidó to the United States' so-called Summit for Democracy — a development that critics say illustrates the "cynical, hypocritical, and completely counter-productive" nature of the upcoming meeting.
On Tuesday afternoon, David Adler, general coordinator of Progressive International, argued during an appearance on Al Jazeera that the Biden administration lacks the credibility to lead an international effort to protect democracy for a variety of reasons, including the United States' past and present support for authoritarian leaders who further capitalist class interests.
Around the same time, Biden, whose 2020 electoral victory was challenged by a pro-Trump mob and some GOP lawmakers, invited Guaidó, a key player in the unsuccessful Trump-backed effort to overthrow Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro in 2019, to the Summit for Democracy hosted virtually by the White House from Dec. 9-10.
"Surreal," is how Adler responded after news broke that Biden had asked Guaidó — an unelected and unpopular opposition figure who participated in a failed coup attempt — to represent Venezuela at an ostensibly pro-democracy gathering, just weeks after Venezuelans reelected Maduro in a contest that U.S. legal observers called fair.
Biden has invited Venezuelan opposition figure (to say leader would be a stretch) Juan Guaidó to a virtual "summit of democracies"
Guaidó doesn't hold any public office & competing opposition parties outperformed his coalition in recent elections https://t.co/iMn8IUSWQM
— Anya Parampil (@anyaparampil) November 30, 2021
Notably, in the wake of the Jan. 6 Capitol incident, Maduro's government issued a public statement that condemned then-U.S. President Donald Trump's brazen attempt to hold onto power, expressed sympathy for victims of the assault, and criticized Washington for routinely supporting efforts to subvert democracy abroad.
U.S. lawmakers from both major parties, by contrast, gave Guaidó a standing ovation when Trump, during his 2020 State of the Union Address, erroneously described the self-anointed leader as the "true and legitimate president of Venezuela."
The U.S. has an extensive history of imperialism, and in his Al Jazeera appearance Tuesday, Adler pointed to its ongoing abuses of power throughout the world, as well as the fact that its policies rarely reflect the will of the majority, to explain why Biden's summit is "cynical, hypocritical, and completely counter-productive."
I went on @AJEnglish to explain why @POTUS "Summit for Democracy" is a terrible idea — cynical, hypocritical, and completely counter-productive. pic.twitter.com/IYZPUg8ac2
— David Adler (@davidrkadler) November 30, 2021
Although U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken has promoted the Summit for Democracy, he plays a key role in facilitating corruption in countries across the globe, said Adler. "We are the central node, for example, in a network of illegal, kleptocratic finance that passes through our financial system en route to financing those autocratic regimes… rising around the world."
In addition, Adler questioned why only 100 world leaders were invited to Biden's table. "We've been here before," Adler said, alluding to the fact that the world was divided into supposedly good and bad camps during the Cold War, with disastrous effects that persist today.
In a co-authored essay published by The Guardian in December 2020, Adler and Stephen Wertheim, deputy director of research and policy at the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft and research scholar at the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University, argued that because it is "animated by an antagonistic impulse, the Summit for Democracy is liable to make the world less safe."
"It risks hardening antagonism with those outside the summit, reducing prospects for truly broad collaboration," the pair wrote. "The coronavirus, this generation's deadliest foe to date, pays no heed to whom the U.S. deems its ally or its adversary. The same is true of a changing climate."
Secretary of State Antony Blinken during NATO meeting in Riga, Latvia, on Dec. 1. (State Department, Ron Przysucha)
In addition, Adler said Tuesday, the U.S. has a "systematic inability to pick good allies abroad."
Adler went on to repeat points that he and Guillaume Long, a senior policy analyst at the Center for Economic and Policy Research and former foreign minister of Ecuador, made last month in an essay introducing Progressive International's new global observatory to defend democracy.
"The Biden administration continues to put the U.S. on the wrong side" of what Blinken has called a "democratic reckoning" in the Americas, the pair wrote in The Guardian.
For example, they noted, Blinken recently "lavished praise" on the right-wing presidents of Ecuador and Colombia, who have engaged in anti-democratic repression. Moreover, the U.S. remains a "leading member" of the Organization of American States, which has facilitated multiple anti-democratic interventions in Haiti and played a decisive role in the far-right coup in Bolivia in 2019.
On top of those foreign policy failures, Adler said Tuesday that Biden's "betrayed campaign promises" at home exemplify the absence of substantive democracy in the U.S.
Many voters cast ballots for the president based on his pledge to halt the sale of fossil fuel leases on public lands and waters, Adler pointed out, and yet his administration has approved more drilling permits than its predecessors and last month held the largest offshore lease auction in history, just days after vowing at COP26 to address the climate crisis.
And in light of the current barrage of voter suppression laws being enacted and gerrymandered maps being drawn by state-level Republicans nationwide, an annual study published last week for the first time characterized the U.S. as a "backsliding" democracy.
While democracy is under threat in the United States, Biden has yet to make a strong public push for repealing or reforming the Senate's 60-vote filibuster rule, a prerequisite to passing voting rights legislation.
In their essay, Adler and Wertheim argued that "rather than fixate on the symptoms of democratic discontent — the "populists, nationalists, and demagogues" whom Biden has pledged to confront—his administration should attack the disease."
"He can start with political and economic reforms to make democratic government respond again to the popular will," they wrote. "Second, the United States should make peace in the world, rather than wage its endless wars… Finally, the United States should reinvent a system of international cooperation undivided by the 'democratic' fault line that the summit seeks to impose."
This article is from Common Dreams.
Tags: David Adler Jake Johnson Juan Gauidó President Joe Biden President Nicolás Maduro Stephen Wertheim Summit for Democracy
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12 comments for "Biden Asks Venezuelan Coup Leader to 'Democracy Summit'"
Sam F
One wonders who the utterly corrupt US oligarchy think they are fooling.
At some point even the wishful and ignorant wonder what is going on.
Most know that the US stands only for marketing scams and corruption.
It has already mortgaged its future generations to a deficit used for theft.
It's people are too ignorant to accept redesigned institutions to restore democracy.
They quibble about masks and gays and never speak of impaired democracy.
They are too spoiled and cowardly and selfish to rebel for democracy.
The rotten tree must fall in the forest of democracies, to be recycled, not rebuilt.
Joe Wallace
In terms of charisma and credibility, Juan Guaidó is right up there with Fielding Mellish.
Joe Biden, by no small 'accident', just happens to be the alpha viper in a systemic nest of snakes the American people ceaselessly continue to delude themselves into believing, is a functioning democracy.
The proof of the pudding is the venomous disregard his actions show for the progress of a truly open – transparent society, where the words spoken are actually authentic, and the following actions, in deeds, are consonant with the words, and not to the contrary, against the best interests, globally, of all of people they are supposed to be serving.
Sadly, what else is to be expected, when the very foundations of the country were laid by an elite aristocratic minority.
A world community, as proposed by the likes of Bill Gates and idealized by one, George Soros, for example, and their billionaire cohort, who have privatized governments globally, is definitely not the one to which this comment is referring.
James Porteous
I hope they invite Ferdinand Marcos Jr. as well. He would be the epitome of US-style democracy.
hXXps://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-activists-push-new-petition-seeking-marcos-election-ban-2021-12-02/
William Bowles
I think the US imperialists are living in a fool's paradise! It's all show designed for the consumption of ignorant, western audiences, who should know better, but don't. The Global South know what the deal is! It's a pity we don't.
James Simpson
For democracy in the USA to be "under threat" it would have to exist in the first place. Perhaps someone can provide a link to an academic study from a few years ago which showed clearly how in the USA ordinary people have little or no influence on political decisions and policy but that the wealthy are able to dominate and get their own way. That's known as oligarchy and, unlike many Left commentators who use the term rhetorically, I mean it literally.
James Simpson:
You refer to the Gilens and Page study. I don't have a link, but it should be easy to find if you google it.
Outrageous. The USA is not interested in promoting "democracy." It only wants its "front man of choice" as titular head of every country on earth. "President" Guaido looks very much like Obama's clone in those photos. "Boys from Brazil" perhaps?
Thanks for underscoring the several "democratic" coups around the globe that Washington has fomented. Isn't it ironic that the same rich and privileged oligarchy which tells us that America must relinquish a monopoly of power by one alleged "race" of insider elites and, instead, embrace some formulaic "diversity" by quota dares to decide what factions and individuals should hold the power in every other country on the planet? Such hypocrisy alone should disqualify anything these people have to say on the matter.
Jeff Harrison
Please. Senor Guano is a US appointed puppet who has no actual power in Venezuela. His party has very few seats in the legislature. The US remains under the misimpression that it is still a kingmaker in S.and C. America. The US would be well advised to pay more attention to what's happening at home and less attention to other country's business.
AndrewNichols
Utter arrogant vulgarity.
Joseph Thomas Wallace
Piotr Berman
In terms of criminality and venality, Juan Guaidó is like an angel compared to "Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi is a Yemeni politician and former field marshal of the Yemeni Armed Forces serving as the president of Yemen since 2012" (Wikipedia quote). So Juan is not the worst pawn of the Empire. But is he worthy to be compared with Fielding Mellish? Here I must object using the immortal words of Mellish himself: "I object, Your Honor! This trial is a travesty! It's a travesty of a mockery of a sham of a mockery of a travesty of two .." But if we replace "trial" with " Juan Guaidó" it makes sense.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
All recommended articles
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Determinants of population genetic structure in co-occurring freshwater snails
Trine Bilde and Matteo Fumagalli based on reviews by 3 anonymous reviewers
A recommendation of:
Connectivity and selfing drives population genetic structure in a patchy landscape: a comparative approach of four co-occurring freshwater snail species
Jarne P., Lozano del Campo A., Lamy T., Chapuis E., Dubart M., Segard A., Canard E., Pointier J.-P., David P. (2021), HAL, hal-03295242, ver. 4 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03295242
The distribution of neutral genetic variation in subdivided populations is driven by the interplay between genetic drift, migration, local extinction and colonization. The influence of environmental and demographic factors has also been increasingly examined in empirical studies, but generally focusing on a single species. An open question is whether these factors will similarly, or idiosyncratically, affect a guild of species occupying the same, though exhibiting different traits, mating systems and histories. We addressed it by comparing the population genetic structure of the four most common species of hermaphroditic freshwater snails in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles), which occupy a network of patchily distributed sites experiencing temporal variation in water availability. We analyzed microsatellite variability in 21 to 43 populations per species, and built predictions on how several environmental and demographic variables, quantified from a long-term annual survey, as well as species traits, may affect the distribution of genetic variation. These species displayed similarities, such as fairly high levels of variation, but with marked differences among sites, as well as strong genetic differentiation and limited isolation by distance, which can be explained by passive dispersal (strong role of site connectivity), extinction/colonization dynamics and variation in local population size. They also exhibit differences, largely due to the mating system with less genetic diversity and more genetic differentiation in the two selfing species when compared to the two outcrossing ones. These differences can also be attributed to interspecific interactions resulting from the ongoing invasion of Guadeloupe by one of the species studied, which affects the demography of other species, and, to a limited extent, to local environmental factors. Our comparative approach shows both differences and uniqueness in the way species occupy the same landscape, and provides a possible entry to interspecific interactions in community assembly.
Submitted: 11 February 2021, Recommended: 01 September 2021
Genetic diversity is a key aspect of biodiversity and has important implications for evolutionary potential and thereby the persistence of species. Improving our understanding of the factors that drive genetic structure within and between populations is, therefore, a long-standing goal in evolutionary biology. However, this is a major challenge, because of the complex interplay between genetic drift, migration, and extinction/colonization dynamics on the one hand, and the biology and ecology of species on the other hand (Romiguier et al. 2014, Ellegren and Galtier 2016, Charlesworth 2003).
Jarne et al. (2021) studied whether environmental and demographic factors affect the population genetic structure of four species of hermaphroditic freshwater snails in a similar way, using comparative analyses of neutral genetic microsatellite markers.
Specifically, they investigated microsatellite variability of Hygrophila in almost 280 sites in Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles, as part of a long-term survey experiment (Lamy et al. 2013). They then modelled the influence of the mating system, local environmental characteristics and demographic factors on population genetic diversity.
Consistent with theoretical predictions (Charlesworth 2003), they detected higher genetic variation in two outcrossing species than in two selfing species, emphasizing the importance of the mating system in maintaining genetic diversity. The study further identified an important role of site connectivity, through its influences on effective population size and extinction/colonisation events. Finally, the study detects an influence of interspecific interactions caused by an ongoing invasion by one of the studied species on genetic structure, highlighting the indirect effect of changes in community composition and demography on population genetics.
Jarne et al. (2021) could address the extent to which genetic structure is determined by demographic and environmental factors in multiple species given the remarkable sampling available. Additionally, the study system is extremely suitable to address this hypothesis as species' habitats are defined and delineated. Whilst the authors did attempt to test for across-species correlations, further investigations on this matter are required. Moreover, the effect of interactions between factors should be appropriately considered in any modelling between genetic structure and local environmental or demographic features.
The findings in this study contribute to improving our understanding of factors influencing population genetic diversity, and highlights the complexity of interacting factors, therefore also emphasizing the challenges of drawing general implications, additionally hampered by the relatively limited number of species studied. Jarne et al. (2021) provide an excellent showcase of an empirical framework to test determinants of genetic structure in natural populations. As such, this study can be an example for further attempts of comparative analysis of genetic diversity.
Charlesworth, D. (2003) Effects of inbreeding on the genetic diversity of populations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 358, 1051-1070. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1296
Ellegren, H. and Galtier, N. (2016) Determinants of genetic diversity. Nature Reviews Genetics, 17, 422-433. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2016.58
Jarne, P., Lozano del Campo, A., Lamy, T., Chapuis, E., Dubart, M., Segard, A., Canard, E., Pointier, J.-P. and David, P. (2021) Connectivity and selfing drives population genetic structure in a patchy landscape: a comparative approach of four co-occurring freshwater snail species. HAL, hal-03295242, ver. 2 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03295242
Lamy, T., Gimenez, O., Pointier, J. P., Jarne, P. and David, P. (2013). Metapopulation dynamics of species with cryptic life stages. The American Naturalist, 181, 479-491. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/669676
Romiguier, J., Gayral, P., Ballenghien, M. et al. (2014) Comparative population genomics in animals uncovers the determinants of genetic diversity. Nature, 515, 261-263. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13685
PDF recommendation
Cite this recommendation as:
Trine Bilde and Matteo Fumagalli (2021) Determinants of population genetic structure in co-occurring freshwater snails. Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology, 100130. https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100130
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Evaluation round #2
DOI or URL of the preprint: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03295242
Version of the preprint: 2
Author's Reply, 27 Jul 2021
The final version of our article was deposited on HAL (version 3 available at https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03295242).
Decision by Trine Bilde and Matteo Fumagalli, 27 Jul 2021
Dear Authors,
Thank you for submitting the revised version of the manuscipt. We are satisfied with the responses to the reviewer comments, and we kindly ask you to make a few minor corrections before we make the final recommendation. Please see the comments here:
1. Pantel et al citation is still "submitted" in the text and bibliography while in the response the Author's say it has been published. Can references to this paper be updated?
2. The sentence "Two correlations were significant in cases in which we did not expect a correlation, specifically, a negative correlation between size and connectivity and a positive one between stability and the density of favorable habitats" should be rephrased. We suggest something like "We observed two unexpected significant correlations, namely between size and connectivity (negative) and between stability and the density of favorable habitats (positive)."
3. Reference Otto (2021) is alphabetically wrongly placed in the bibliography.
4. "recommander" should be "recommender" in Conflict of Interests statement
Matteo Fumagalli and Trine Bilde
Author's Reply, None
Download author's reply Download tracked changes file
Decision by Trine Bilde and Matteo Fumagalli, 04 Jun 2021
Dear Dr Jarne and co-authors
We are pleased that we have now received three reviews of your pre-print. The reviewers and we as co-handlers of your manuscript all enjoyed reading the pre-print, and that we would like to recommend minor revision.
All reviewers agree that your study is interesting and presents a very interesting and comprehensive study. The reviewers have provided several comments and useful suggestions on ways to improve the presentation. These mainly relate to improving clarity of various parts of the manuscript.
One potentially critical point was raised relating to the collinearity between predictors in some of the models, in addition to a question regarding whether an additional variable should be included in the analyses.
It should be fairly straightforward to address the comments in a revised version of the manuscript.
Reviewed by anonymous reviewer, 12 Apr 2021
Review of the preprint "Connectivity and selfing drives population genetic structure in a patchy landscape: a comparative approach of four co-occurring freshwater snail species" by Jarne et al.
The authors present an elegant approach to assess the distribution of genetic variation in Guadeloupe. They analyzed four co-occurring snail species with distinct mating systems and ecological traits. This allowed them to perform a comparative approach, evaluating similarities and idiosynchrasies in the obtained patterns. There are very few studies of this type, and it is important to note the great sampling effort, during several years, that made their study possible. The main strong points of their manuscript, in my opinion, are the solid methodology, in special the amazing sampling effort and the suite of appropriate analyzes applied; together with an Introduction containing relevant and updated research on the studied questions, and a Discussion very well written, considering both the expected and unexpected aspects of the obtained results. I see some opportunities to improve their manuscript, which I detail below:
As I stated above, the introduction contains relevant and updated research on the studied questions and the motivation of the study is very clear. As a suggestion for improvement, I found the structure of this session somewhat confuse. There are several instances where the authors merge methods with the Introduction itself. For example, the start of the second (Lines 73-75), third (Lines 126-128) and fourth (Line 145-157) paragraphs. I believe some of these stretches would better fit in Mat&Met session. Some of this information could be condensed in the last paragraph of the Introduction, in the form of clear objectives and hypotheses (which are well organized in Table 1) that the authors are willing to test, to tackle the problems raised throughout their Introduction. This would make the Introduction much more clear and organized.
I believe that a figure containing the landscape properties (containing topgraphy or pond location and size, or any other aspect the authors believe is important) could be useful. This could be added to Figure 1 or to the Supplementary Material.
It is not clear by reading the methods when the genetically analyzed individuals were sampled (it gets somehow more clear in the Discussion, but could be better explained here too). Were they sampled throughout the years or in one specific season? If throughout the years, then the genetic statistics generated are including information of demographic/climatic events from different years. This is fine, but needs to be better stated. Also, how did you define invasion age given this inter-year sampling scheme?
I like the approach of comparing the results from different species, and the authors performed this with great detail and rigor. Yet, I still feel that some statistical analysis explicitly testing across-species correlations (i.e. including more than one species in the same analysis) with the environmental/demographic variables could be included, in addition to qualitatively comparing the results from different species.
Please provide your R scripts, especially for the linear models.
The authors defend that an asymmetric island or a metapopulation model would be better suited for the studied species. Could this pattern affect the results of their mantel test? Moreover, I think the authors should consider the potential effects of IBD on their analyses of population structure and correlation with environmental factors. An extensive literature is available on such effects (for a review, see Meirmans 2015).
Meirmans, P.G. (2015), Seven common mistakes in population genetics and how to avoid them. Mol Ecol, 24: 3223-3231. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13243
Reviewed by anonymous reviewer, 14 May 2021
The manuscript ''Connectivity and selfing drives population genetic structure in a patchy landscape: a comparative approach of four co-occurring freshwater snail species'' proposes a multi-species approach to detect how consistent the effects of environmental and demographic factors, as well as mating strategies, are across closely related species with similar ecologies and overlapping geographic distributions. The main conclusions are that mating systems and connectivity are the main predictors of neutral genetic variation and structure. I found the manuscript quite complete, though there are instances where I think it could use some re-writing so as to make it easier for readers to follow. My comments mainly address the form and I have some questions concerning choices in statistical analyses.
Line 357: You have chosen to run linear models to test the effects of the environmental factors on the observed genetic structure of populations/species. From Table S9, there exist correlations between these factors, but it is not clear to me whether this was accounted for in the linear models (I'm under the impression that it was not). I can understand the choice to look at each factor separately, but at the same time I think it pertinent to account for interactions between predictors of a linear model. Or have I missed something? If interactions/correlations were accounted for, could the code be made available somewhere?
Though it is not an environmental factor, as I read through the manuscript, it was not clear to me why the mating system was not included in the linear models. It would be interesting to show whether this trait overshadows any of the other predictors when it comes to the genetic structure, and to point out in which case it is not (if ever) the main predictor. Checking for correlations between it and the observed environmental factors may also provide some insight.
The results are presented in a detailed way, with main findings appropriately highlighted. However, the sheer density of information is overwhelming. I greatly appreciated the tables, that I found to summarise the results quite well, and was wondering whether the text could be organised differently so as to rely more on the readers' referral to the tables and make the reading lighter. There are also several instances when describing the results where the authors go back and forth between species. This left me utterly confused and I needed to re-read the text several times to untangle everything. Could there be a way to avoid this? Maybe describing each species separately then making comparisons (i.e. between sister species, selfing vs outcrossing, invasion ... but this could also just be done in the discussion as is already the case), or starting with the specific comparisons without going into the details of each species? Here the different layers of comparison are done simultaneously, and I personally had a tough time keeping up.
P23 line 36-37: This sentence is confusing since the results of the correlations are not mentioned further in the main text: "It is less expected to find a negative correlation between size and connectivity and a positive one between stability and density of favorable habitats.'' Maybe change it to something like: "There were however unexpected correlations, notably, a negative correlation between size and connectivity and a positive one between stability and the density of favorable habitats.'' On that last point, is stability expected to be negatively correlated with the density of favourable habitats? I would have thought that on the contrary, these two would be positively correlated. Would you mind explaining this?
P29 - line 161: What do you mean by ''selective interference'' in this context?
P29 - line 180: ''As mentioned above, the four species differ in their colonization rate (not in extinction rates), but the difference is between the two families, not between selfers and outcrossers (Pantel et al., submitted). Since the difference is not between the two taxonomic families, it is likely that demographic extinction and colonization do not affect genetic variation strongly, as already shown in D. depressissimum (Lamy et al., 2012), but rather modulate the influence of the mating system.'' - You mention that the difference is between the two families then go on to say that it is not. Above it is that the difference is colonisation is between the two taxonomic families, so are the authors referring to demographic size in the second sentence? Please clarify.
Some minor comments:
P8 - line 184: 24 species were sampled?
P16 - line 331: the same effect as the first three
P29 - line 216: This dynamic
Reviewed by anonymous reviewer, 01 Jun 2021
The authors present a comparative analysis of population structure across four species of freshwater snails. The underlying questions concern the extent to which structure is determined by environmental features common to multiple species as opposed to species-specific factors that are species-specific. This question has broad interest but has rarely been studied using direct comparison, as the authors demonstrate with a survey of examples. The study system used here is ideal because of the defined and isolated region and the clearly delineated habitat patches. As the authors acknowledge, four species will not lead to very general conclusions but some interesting comparisons are possible (particularly between mating systems and between an invasive, expanding species and three native, more stable species). This study can also lead the way to further comparative approaches.
The Introduction does a very good job of defining the problem. The authors divide factors influencing neutral population structure into three categories: environmental factors, invasion dynamics (an example of an historical factor) and organismal traits. Of course, all of these factors will have effects. It would be helpful to be explicit about the quantitative nature of the question, i.e. to ask about the relative contributions of these factors. It would also be good to acknowledge immediately that they interact. For example, organismal traits can influence how each species experiences the same environmental factors.
The Methods section is also clear. I am not sure of the value of including the few samples from outside Grande Terre since we clearly expect different patterns between, as opposed to within islands. A modest number of microsat loci was used, but sufficient for the description of population structure. Since the loci used differed among species, some comparisons may be difficult (particularly for absolute diversity levels as opposed to patterns). Predictions are summarised in Table 1 and explained in the text. These are rather general and not directly connected to the measures of population structure derived here. This means that there is no explicit rationale for the choice of measures. A closer connection between the predictions and the variables used to test them would be helpful. On ll.340-341, the difference in predicted effect direction for P. acuta is not clear. On l.349, I would expect other things, not just site size, to influence long-term population size. Correlations among explanatory variables (Table S9) might influence the linear models, or their interpretation, and this possibility should be considered. The linear model description does not make it clear whether interaction effects were considered. Biologically, they might be expected, but their inclusion might make the models too complex.
The Results first present a summary of the patterns of variation and then consider the impacts of the explanatory variables, but without structuring by the three proposed factors. Not only were there correlations among explanatory variables but also there were strong correlations among measures of diversity and divergence. This suggests two things. First, that it may be possible to simplify the MS by focusing on the most informative variables rather than on multiple variables that measure more or less the same thing. I hesitate to suggest moving more information to SI, since this is already extensive, but that might be an option. Secondly, it makes one wonder about the potential to test multiple effects, especially when predictions are not clearly distinct.
Table 3 summarises effects in terms of significance, with connectivity being the major driver of both diversity and divergence. This is, perhaps, not very surprising. However, this comes back to the underlying question which, at least to my mind, should not be about whether these effects exist but rather about their relative contributions. The Yes/No answers in Table 3 seem poorly adapted to the latter question. Estimates of effect sizes would be preferable, if possible, perhaps with the redundant explanatory variables removed in order to focus on the three major factors.
The connectivity effect has been demonstrated previously for one of the 4 species. This species has also been shown to have a structure fitting an asymmetric island model. One issue is the extent to which this MS goes further. Model fitting does not seem to be possible for the other species, given the data available (and the likelihood of non-equilibrium for P. acuta). Nevertheless, the comparative approach that the authors advocate surely requires effect size estimates rather than only significance tests and it would be good to see this MS heading in that direction. The Discussion ends up being rather descriptive. That said, the logic is clear and the descriptions are interesting.
Use of English is generally good. I have commented only where the sense is unclear. However, some smoothing of the language might aid readability.
There is rather high reliance on the unpublished (parallel) paper by Pantel et al. (cited as 'submitted').
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PCI Evol Biol is a community of the non-profit organization Peer Community In. The goal of Peer Community In is to promote scientific knowledge. Authors of comments, reviews and recommendations retain copyright© under CC BY-ND. Contact & credits. Publication director/directeur de la publication: Denis Bourguet. ISSN: 2551-668X


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When Two Worlds Collide: ACRONYM x Futura
The famed artist and designer tell us how one's environment is crucial to creativity.
Design Dec 3, 2015
Adam Mark Barnard
Dahahm Choi/Hypebeast
During Futura's 60th birthday celebration at Berlin's BEINGHUNTED. space last week, we got the chance to sit down with the famed American graffiti artist and ACRONYM's Errolson Hugh to discuss the importance of environmental influence, humility, and the effects of modern-day social media. The exhibition showed a series of bespoke process works from Futura as he customized ACRONYM's 3A-9TS bag and soon-to-be released J1A-GT jacket. The event embellished the inaugural launch of the MONTANA Cans "FUTURA 2000" colorway and marked a new addition to the brand's 'Iconic' series.
The interview set out to cover a number of topics and spark a well-rounded discussion between the two creatives. Through querying Futura and Errolson Hugh's stance on environmental protagonists, we were lead to understand how such influences have come to mold their creative identities and where they see it all going in the not so distant future. Enjoy the full interview below along with a series of photographs from the event's process and outcome.
Do you feel your works are in some way a direct response to the environment around you?
For me, it's not location-specific — it's not just about New York for example. Certainly now, it is more about exploring new territories. Thus, I guess, your work is subject to the local environment. When I think of the word "environment," I think more about the planet, its inhabitants, technology and how the modern world affects it. From my point of view, using eco-friendly paint would be my awareness level and contribution towards the environment. Equally, I'm a product of my environment, but that's all changed now as young people can now change that environment easier than ever before.
It's somewhat a play on words. I'm writing graffiti because that's the environment and community I come from. People would sometimes say using your environment to define you is a "cop-out," but back then there was no other alternative — it was hard to escape your surroundings. Not just on a monetary level, but young people now have the chance to see someone doing something that could inspire them…
Errolson Hugh
And that was me 15 years ago — I was in awe of a hero of mine (Futura). And now 15 years later, I think it's very important to realize that after environmental events such as 9/11 and the recent tragedies in Paris, the world ended in a certain way, which lead to a need to rebuild what was lost. In terms of our environment, that's actually what is real.
Futura, you describe yourself as a "product of your environment." How does the work you do fit into the general environment, be it political, social and/or otherwise?
Personally, my work is not political – I don't want to address anything that may be sensitive to people. There is photography and other forms of media nowadays that one can use to express or relay certain messaging and that's where I think I can do stuff. Nothing political, but to understand current events and generally be aware of things. I think it's easy for the younger generation to dismiss a lot of things that are not directly connected to their lives. This is like the toy department of life — collaborate with brands and be part of a lifestyle-slash-digital phenomenon. So it's great to not be so serious despite the world being quite harsh at times. There should be time for laughter, play, comedy, and a bit of self-deprecation too.
What was the reason for incorporating such humility into the exhibition?
Generally, I think you should be kind to people. I'm not racist or anything, but I profile people too. I would also be part of a society that operates on a level like that. But then I ask myself, "What are you doing?" Humanity goes both ways — you are allowed to have faults. So it's great to see that society is evolving beyond that. Despite being raised correctly, I was also raised incorrectly. You can't just be a ventriloquist, because at some point you have to realize that what you are doing is not always right.
How did this particular collaboration come into fruition?
It was actually kind of impromptu. There was no real formula for it. It was really about the limited Futura MONTANA can, so we tried to embellish that. It sort of started out with me joking around with the can, almost saying, "What would Errolson do with this?" Then before we knew, "this" is what he did with it. The exhibition's contents were just a fun side project.
Would you care to explain the parallels you see between each other's work?
Certainly the art forms. Spray painting and art are a combination of stenciling, skill, ability, and can control for example and there is a certain level of technique that you have to bow to. But what's happening now is that younger artists are coming up and they have nothing to do with that school of art. Whether they're trained artists or just those prodigy-type kids that have a natural ability, they have no problem with scale and I believe that will mark the new arrival of technical ability in my field.
For me, there are obviously immediate parallels between urban territories and the entire DIY thing of not being classically trained and simply teaching yourself a certain skill set. Futura and all those other guys, their work is so influential to me that it ultimately helped form my creative identity. I'm sure I absorbed it on some deeply subconscious level. I can't separate it out or articulate it and it is equally hard for me to consciously pin down. It's kind of just in there.
In terms of what we see and know of graffiti writers from years past, you could say that they relate to certain technical apparel brands. How does such a culture tie in with the world of graffiti and why does commercial branding like this keep cropping up?
That's what I call "ghetto branding." It has nothing to do with graffiti. That's more like the shit hard kids rock in urban areas and in turn cause an influence. That's where that kind of youthful pressure of trying to fit in with the homies and being accepted by your peers comes from. It's understandable after all. I speak from experience, as I once too overdosed on that kind of mentality and thought I could be better at it than all you kids because I had access to shit. Despite people giving me free stuff, I don't particularly want it. Let me buy what I want. There's no thrill in that. There's nothing like that anymore that excites me… well, maybe free Star Wars tickets.
Is today's consuming digital media diluting what is "real?" Before, it was almost expected of you to climb higher and paint bigger just to be noticed, but nowadays it's easy enough to see it on Instagram and get the idea. How do you feel about this?
It's unfortunate and I saw it coming. When blogs really started to take over, people's ability to learn for themselves with firsthand knowledge became secondary information that was simply passed on. The environment that we're in today is very dismissive. People have a false sense of information and knowledge — more so knowledge, because the information is there.
Errolson, your recent ACG release was described as "sports utility for the city." Why was it important to design such technically-driven collections for the modern city dweller?
Most of the clothing that we wear, we contextualize in different scenarios, be it sportswear, military gear or whatever. It's not really designed for the modern day. The modern day has different problems and it needs different solutions. Our frustration with those needs are being met through the work we try and produce at ACRONYM. It's a huge array of things, from micro-climate control to cultured identity. It's not something that you can easily put into words. I like to say to people that you can't really understand it (ACRONYM) unless you've had it for a month or two. Buy it, wear it, talk to me after you've worn it and then we can have a conversation. But you can't absorb that type of work via a photo or video. Really, you have to live with it, experience it and make it a part of your life.
Futura, why was ACRONYM chosen for this collaboration? What is it about Errolson's work that you value?
The attention to detail. It's all about a certain aesthetic. What are your likes and what are your dislikes? Me, I just happen to have an edge more towards military-type designs. It's just a product of my environment. Talking to Errolson: "Technicality; when you have the world that I remember with WTAPS, NEIGHBORHOOD and most of the guys in Japan, I was shocked. Those guys over there were doing things better than anything we were doing here." I believe Errolson is also a descendent of analysing such themes. It's also more than that, because for example, the ACRONYM M-60 jacket signifies how existing models are being taken and played with to become more adaptable – reconstructing and re-engineering stuff.
To round off our interview, tell us what you think is going to become the main environmental protagonist for graffiti and technical apparel in the future.
The elements themselves. The weather, surface conditions… and chemical reactions.
It's the same thing for everyone that lives on this planet. It's the environment that's going to come back and bite everyone in the ass.
FuturaAcronymErrolson HughFutura 2000
sacai X ACRONYM Collaboration Officially Launching in January 2022
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Pretty sweet.
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With a brief mention of our famed HYPEBEAST comments section.
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No, it's not a mirage.
Go Behind the Scenes on Tour With A$AP Rocky & Tyler, the Creator
Shots from Rocky & Tyler's recent tag team tour.
Concepts x ASICS GEL Respector "Black Widow"
Another secret-location only sneaker.
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adidas Reveals Its NBA All-Star 2016 Uniform & Apparel Collection as an Ode to Toronto
New digs for NBA's All Star trip to the 6.
Perry Ellis 360 Performance Collection Is the Luxury Brand's Take on Urban Activewear
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Made In Canada: A Look at What Defines Canada's Best Brands
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By Gavin Yeung/ Dec 3, 2015


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sukhbinder singh sarkaria
Punjab Urban Planning and Development
PRTPDB
Punjab notify urban planning, development building rules
In the past, there were different master plans and had different set of zoning regulations, thus causing confusion not only among the public, but also within the department.TNN | August 02, 2019, 13:00 IST
CHANDIGARH: Punjab's town and country planning (TCP) department has notified the 'Punjab Urban Planning and Development Building Rules' and prepared master plans of the towns governed by the zoning regulations.
In the past, there were different master plans and had different set of zoning regulations, thus causing confusion not only among the public, but also within the department.
Urban housing and development minister Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria said that during implementation of zoning regulations, need to synchronize these with building rules was also felt to ensure that development in the state takes place in a planned and regulated manner.
The issue of bringing zoning regulations in tandem with building rules was deliberated in the last two meetings of the Punjab Regional and Town Planning and Development Board (PRTPDB). The board decided that amendments were required in the unified zoning regulations so that these could be synchronised with the building rules.
In compliance with the orders of the board, the TCP department has uploaded the draft of amended unified land use zoning regulations for master plans in Punjab on the websites www.pbhousing.gov.in and www.puda.gov.in and has invited objections/suggestions up to August 8.
The minister said that the department officials have been instructed to maintain a regular check of the suggestions or objections being submitted and include the genuine public demands in the draft of the regulations so that the same could be placed in the next meeting of the PRTPDB.
Tags : Regulatory, Urban Planning, sukhbinder singh sarkaria, Punjab Urban Planning and Development, punjab, PRTPDB


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You're Invited to WVE's 25th Anniversary Virtual Celebration!
Toast to Women's Voices for the Earth:
Honoring the Legacy, Expanding the Vision
Thursday, November 19, 5 to 6:30pm MST
Join us from home to celebrate WVE's 25th anniversary, learn from movers and shakers in the movement,
and invest in a healthier and more just world.
Amber Garcia, WVE Executive Director: Working at the Intersections of Environmental Health
Dr. Aly Cohen, Physician and Environmental Health Specialist: The Critical Connection Between Toxic Chemicals and Covid-19
Isabelle Chaudry, National Women's Health Network Senior Policy Manager: Black Lives Matter in the Medicine Cabinet, Too
Tamara Toles O'Laughlin, North American Director of 350.org: Caring About Climate Change Means Caring About Toxics
Special guest, WVE Founder, Bryony Schwan.
FREE to attend but gifts will be encouraged and MATCHED.
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Interested in sponsoring this event? Contact WVE's Development Director, Robyn Windham, at robynw@womensvoices.org.
Amber Garcia is the Executive Director of Women's Voices for the Earth. Formerly, they ran grassroots voter engagement, community advocacy and youth leadership development programs at Colorado Organization for Latina Opportunity and Reproductive Rights (COLOR) in Denver, Colorado. Amber studied Ethnic Studies and Criminal Justice with a minor in Political Science at the University of Colorado Denver (UCD).
Amber is very family-oriented, and their wife and three younger sisters keep them inspired to fight for a just world every day. They are super excited about politics and engaging and empowering under-represented communities. Amber's work in the broader social justice movement includes working with community partners on policies to provide drivers licenses for undocumented folx and increasing the minimum wage for all Coloradans. Securing wins at the legislature and at the ballot box to ensure access to abortion and other vital reproductive health care services has positioned Amber to continue working with legislators and voters to eliminate toxins and advocate for improved community health outcomes. Amber envisions a world where all people are liberated, and able to fully embody and use their power to build a sustainable and collective future.
Dr. Aly Cohen is a board-certified rheumatologist, integrative medicine specialist and environmental health expert. She is working to educate and empower the next generation to make safer, smarter lifestyle choices through the creation of environmental health and prevention curricula for schools. Dr. Cohen lectures nationally on environmental health topics for elementary and high schools, universities, medical schools, and physician training programs, and she is a regular expert guest for television, print, and podcasts. She lives on a farm in Princeton, New Jersey with her husband, two sons and lots of furry friends.
Dr. Cohen has collaborated with the Environmental Working Group, Cancer Schmancer, and other disease- prevention organizations, and is coeditor of the textbook, Integrative Environmental Medicine, part of the Oxford University Press Weil Integrative Medicine Library. In 2015, she created TheSmartHuman.com to share environmental health, disease prevention, and wellness information with the public, which you can follow on Twitter and Instagram @thesmarthuman. In 2015, she received the NJ Healthcare Heroes Award in Education for The Smart Human educational platform and she was awarded the 2016 Burton L. Eichler Award for humanitarianism. Co-authored with Frederick vom Sall, PhD, Dr. Cohen's book, Non-Toxic: Guide to Living Healthy in a Chemical World, was released in September 2020. You can also find her TEDx talk, 'How to Protect Your Kids from Toxic Chemicals' on YouTube.
M. Isabelle Chaudry is an attorney and human rights advocate. She is a Board member at Women's Voices for the Earth and the National Women's Health Network's (NWHN) Senior Policy Manager, where she is responsible for developing and leading their women's health and consumer safety policy efforts, with a particular focus on historically marginalized communities.
Isabelle actively lobbies at the grassroots and federal level on women's health and cosmetics policy and has provided expert testimony before Congress and the Food and Drug Administration. Her advocacy has been recognized by Democracy Now!, PBS NewsHour, Good Morning America, NBC News and a host of other publications and networks.
Isabelle earned a J.D. with distinction in Alternative Dispute Resolution from Howard University School of Law and a Bachelor of Science from Howard University. Over the course of her career, Isabelle has held clerkships with government, labor unions, and nonprofit organizations including, AFL-CIO, National Education Association, National Lawyers Employment Association (as a Peggy Browning Fellow), and Congress. Prior to NWHN, Isabelle served as a law clerk for the Senate HELP Committee, and as an Associate Staff Counsel at the Pennsylvania State Education Association.
Tamara Toles O'Laughlin is an environmental advocate focused on people and planet. She is the Board Chair of Women's Voices for the Earth, and the North American Director at 350.org, where she drives strategy in the United States and Canada to build a multiracial, multi-generational climate movement that is capable of holding our leaders accountable to science and justice. Prior to joining 350.org, Tamara was the Executive Director of the Maryland Environmental Health Network where she championed its mission to promote the elimination of environmental threats to human health.
Tamara graduated from the Vermont Law School, with a J.D. and Master of Environmental Law and Policy. Today, she has found that her niche in environmental work is developing capacity-building programs and creating multimedia campaigns to dismantle privilege and increase opportunities for vulnerable populations to access health air, clean energy, and a toxic free economy at the local, regional and national level.
Tamara casts a wide net in service to community. In addition to being WVE's Board Chair, Tamara is the co-chair of Green Leadership Trust and Chair and State Representative on the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments Air and Climate Public Advisory Committee. She also serves on the Advisory Board of Climate Power 2020 and is a member of Politico's Sustainability Forum: The Long Game, where she provides insight on issues of climate change and social responsibility.
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