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Home > Science & Society > The Rogue Neuron
The Future Of Science In The Next Decade? Transdisciplinary Collaboration
By Andrea Kuszewski | February 15th 2010 05:21 PM | Print | E-mail
Andrea Kuszewski
I was asked the question, "What can we expect to see from science in the next decade?" My answer comes from the perspective of a social scientist, as I research social problems from the influence of cognitive neuroscience. I am inspired to write this particular analysis after attending the TED 2010 conference, which wrapped up this past weekend in Long Beach, CA.
Some of you may ask, "What is TED? And how does it relate to science in the next decade?"
TED is a conference held every year in California where the world's best thinkers, innovators, scientists, designers, engineers, entertainers, politicians, philosophers, convention breakers, envelope pushers, you name it- come together in a glorious think tank environment in which to spread ideas and share innovation from every area of society. As TED attendee Red Maxwell, President of onramp branding, so cleverly stated, "Every speaker at TED is a type of hero. Everyone has their own super power, based on their field." Indeed, TED speakers are all superheroes in their prospective domains, and TED itself is the Hall of Justice for thinkers and innovators. Even the attendees at TED are amazing. They are some of the most passionate, creative, interesting people in the world, meeting for four days of networking, sharing of ideas, and learning from one another. I have had the pleasure of meeting some incredible people at TED, who have inspired me to share my vision of science in the next decade.
The most interesting thing about TED is that everyone is here for the same purpose: finding answers. All of our questions may be different, but we are all seekers of truth. One person may be looking for the answer to stopping world hunger or the spread of disease. Someone else may be seeking the solution on how to educate our children about food. Others may want answers to questions such as why some people can perceive meaningful patterns in noise, while others struggle to decipher relevance in the same stimuli. The questions may all be different, but the answers all lie in science. We can look to science to see what types of interventions work when targeting disease. We can look to science to tell us how much sugar a child takes in with a single carton of chocolate milk a day over all of the days spent through middle school. And we can look to science to tell us what the difference is in someone's brain who can see relevant patterns in ambiguous stimuli versus someone who sees every pattern, regardless of relevance. Science can give us the answers to all of our questions, but we just need to understand how to best utilize science for the solutions it can give.
I met three quite extraordinary people at TED this week, which give a great random sampling of how science is utilized in three very different domains.
Red Maxwell, mentioned earlier, President of onramp branding, uses the science of how people think and perceive in order to develop concepts for companies, products, and communications. By taking into account the science and psychology of perception and cognition, they are able to create ideas for companies that most appeal to our needs, motivations, and desires as consumers.
David Bolinsky, Partner and Medical Director of XVIVO Scientific Animation, approaches this from a slightly different angle. By understanding what turns people on from an entertainment perspective, he finds ways to bring the truth and beauty of science to a wider audience in order to heighten their understanding of complex concepts. His ground-breaking and award winning animations have helped to reach audiences that may have otherwise missed out on the wonders of life that science has to teach us.
Juan Enriquez, Managing Director of Excel Medical Ventures, LLC, and founding director of the Harvard Business School's Life Sciences Project, is a world authority on the economic impact of science on business. He knows that we need to understand science if we are to understand how to approach business and public policy in the decades to come.
All three of these people are from quite different domains, but science is the unifying concept that drives all three of their unique visions, on how they can contribute to solve the challenges and problems that society presents.
The theme of TED this year was "What the World Needs Now". Every presenter, and maybe even every attendee, had their own vision of what the world needs. I tend to agree most with author Michael Specter, of the New Yorker, who said, "We've never needed science and progress more than we have now," and continued, "... You are entitled to your own opinion, but you are not entitled to your own facts; sorry about that." According to Specter, what the world needs is to embrace scientific discovery, instead of fearing what it brings to light. Knowledge and truth can serve to advance society, as long as we are responsible in how we use and interpret its contributions.
So what does science look like in the next decade? Collaboration. Transdisciplinary research. Cross-cultural analysis of findings. Creativity and innovation from every field will be (and should be) a crucial element in scientific research. Just as TED's business model is the merging of ideas from every domain to solve world problems, science needs to think in this direction as well. We cannot just sit inside our labs or offices and narrow our focus to our one scientific problem. We need to look to the outside world and all of its influences to help develop the solutions. The problems of science do not belong to just one domain, such as biology, physics, or neuroscience, but to society as a whole. Science influences every aspect of society, so when we look to solve our scientific problems, we need to look to every aspect of society for potential solutions. When we get this cross mixing of ideas, with inspiration sprinkled in from multiple domains, we can generate the best solutions- ones that have the highest potential for success, for we get unique perspectives on these issues that otherwise might never have come to light.
The days of attempting to solve a scientific problem in a linear, unidisciplinary fashion are coming to an end. Institutions that have already latched on to the new model of collaborative research are in the forefront of discovery. More and more research departments and industries are embracing this transdisciplinary approach, utilizing experts from every domain, such as economics, math, computer science, biology, psychology, and neuroscience, all striving towards a comprehensive answer to a single problem.
TED curator Chris Anderson seems to know this fact intuitively. At the beginning of the conference on Wednesday, he said that in a world with so many intelligent people, we should be better at coming up with solutions to solve world problems. I share his frustration. But we don't need to just generate new ideas, we need to find ways to put those ideas to use and actually solve the problems. That is where transdisciplinary collaboration comes in. Once we understand and accept that the world's problems (and science's problems) belong to not just one domain, but to society as a whole, we can start to work together to generate real solutions that can be put to practical use.
So what do I think the world needs now? Science. But not only does the world need to embrace science, science needs to embrace the world as well.
The Rogue Neuron
Chessboxing For Science
A New School Of Thought
Citizen Scientist 2.0
Andrea is a Behavior Therapist and Consultant for children on the autism spectrum, residing in the state of FL; her background is in cognitive
The World Needs to Embrace Science
Naomi Oreskes And Denialism About The Scientific Consensus On GMOs And Nuclear Energy
Creativity: A Crime Of Passion
Weiss Domains Shown For First Time In 3-D
Making Sense Of Biological Networks


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Volusia County Schools hires new chief technology officer
Volusia County Schools has appointed Matt Kuhn as its new chief technology officer, according to a news release.
The school board approved Kuhn's position at a June 14 meeting, and he began on July 1, according to a news release from Volusia County Schools.
He manages network infrastructure, technical support, instruction applications, telecommunications, audio/visual systems, enterprise implementations, database administration and student information systems, according to the news release.
Kuhn was previously chief technology officer for the Thompson School District in Loveland, Colorado, and has worked as a teacher and a principal.
He holds a Ph.D in educational technology administration and a master's degree in secondary science education, both from Denver University. He earned his bachelor's in aircraft engineering technology from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
40 years of game-changing technology
Drone technology reaches new heights at SDSU

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Long Close School 11 Plus (11+) Entrance Exam Information – Key Details
Long Close School 11 Plus (11+) Exam Information
Open Events for Long Close School 11 Plus (11+) Entry
Long Close School 11 Plus (11+) Admissions
Long Close School 11 Plus (11+) Scholarships and Bursaries
Long Close School 11 Plus (11+) Exam Format
How to Prepare for the Long Close School 11 Plus (11+) Exam
Long Close School 11 Plus (11+) Exam Practice Papers
Long Close School is a coeducational independent school located in Berkshire. Founded in 1940, it is the largest independent school in Slough, and is owned and operated by the Cognita Group.
After joining in Year 7, pupils take lessons in English, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, Spanish, geography, history, religious studies, art, music, design technology, drama, computing, PSHE and games.
The school's 'Inspire the Future' initiative is designed to engage parents and other friends of the school in the introduction of pupils to various career paths that they may choose to follow by giving talks about a particular area of work.
Whilst helping pupils make the very most of themselves, the school boosts their confidence and develops their resilience and self esteem. Hard work and self-discipline are strongly encouraged at Long Close, along with key values such as respect, tolerance, honesty, compassion and fair-mindedness.
Address: Upton Court Road Slough Berkshire SL3 7LU
County: Berkshire
Admissions info: admissions@longcloseschool.co.uk or 01753 520095
School Type: Independent co-educational day school
Open day: May (upcoming)
11+ Exam Date: Autumn Term of Year 6
11+ Exam Type / Board: School's own
Open events at Long Close School allow families to meet with the Headteacher, staff and current pupils. Private tours can also be arranged. To book a spot for the open events or to arrange a visit, please fill in the online form available on the school's website.
To apply for a place, you should complete the registration form, and return it to the school along with a payment of a non-refundable registration fee of £100.
Entry into Senior School is subject to your child's performance in an assessment which measures skills in three areas. A current-school report will also be requested.
The assessment takes place during a Taster Day. You will be informed of the results within 2 days of the Taster Day. Note that the school is not obliged to state its reasons for declining a request for admission.
Before a place is offered, you will be expected to attend an informal interview at the school to discuss your child's general development and any identified special educational needs. The Headteacher at your child's current school may also be contacted.
To accept the offer and secure the place, you should pay a deposit of £600, which will be refunded following your child's final term at Long Close.
The school offers an Academic Scholarship Programme for pupils who apply for Year 7 entry. The award covers up to 50% of tuition fees.
Academic scholarships are by invitation only. Based on performance in the standard assessment, your child may be invited back for a Scholarship Assessment Day, which takes place in January.
Bursaries are not available.
The Long Close School 11+ entrance examination consists of the following tests:
The English paper examines both comprehension and writing skills, including inference, spelling, vocabulary and punctuation. Marks will be awarded for good use of imagination, creativity, form, purpose, organisation, cohesion and sentence structure.
The maths exam assesses your child's problem-solving abilities and arithmetic skills. The paper will include questions on number, measurement, geometry, algebra and statistics.
There will also be a Science paper.
Please see below for further details and recommendations on how to prepare for the Long Close School 11+ entrance examinations.
To successfully prepare your child for the Long Close School 11+ exam, we recommend that you utilise resources that provide an insight into the types of questions that they could be asked in the actual exam. Our practice papers offer exactly that and much more.
Aside from reflecting the demands of the 11+ exam, our practice tests will help you identify any weaker areas that require additional work, and thus enable you to adjust your child's study schedule accordingly.
Students who approach preparation in such a methodical way generally have a competitive advantage over their peers who prefer a less structured approach.
Our practice tests tend to make the preparation process easily manageable and less demanding in order for your child to feel confident and less stressed about the upcoming 11+ exam. For that reason, they are used successfully by tens of thousands of students every year.
They are age-appropriate, yet challenging, and are available for immediate download, print and use after purchase.
Our recommendations to help your child prepare for the Long Close School 11 plus entrance examination can be found below.
Recommendations for each section of the Long Close School 11 Plus exam can be found below:
We highly recommend the following packs to prepare successfully for the Long Close School 11+ English paper. They will help improve your child's comprehension skills, such as inference, and writing skills, including spelling, vocabulary and punctuation:
11+ English Pack 1
11+ Inference Skills
11+ Complete Comprehension Guide
11+ Complete Writing Guide
11+ Writing Prompts
11+ Spelling Pack 1
We highly recommend the use of the following packs to help develop your child's arithmetic and problem-solving skills within the examination context of the Long Close School 11+ maths test:
11+ Mathematics Pack 1
11+ Problem Solving
11+ Mental Arithmetic
To develop your child's skills in Science, we highly recommend the following packs:
11+ Science Pack 1
Our practice tests aim to show what sort of questions were included in Long Close School 11+ past papers. The information provided about Long Close School was believed to be correct at the time of publishing. However, please be aware of future changes. We advise you to contact the school directly if you are unsure of anything. School contact details are provided within the post.
11+ Sutton: Comprehension + Cloze
Giggleswick School 11 Plus (11+) Entrance Exam Information – Key Details
Queen Elizabeth Grammar School Penrith 11 Plus (11+) Exam Information
11+ Grammar Schools
King Edward VI Five Ways School 11 Plus (11+) Exam Information
See more in 11+
The 7+, 10+, 11+ and Pretest process: one parent's successful journey!
Cobham Hall 11 Plus (11+) Entrance Exam Information – Key Details
Queen Ethelburga's Collegiate | King's Magna 11 Plus (11+) Entrance Exam Information
The Consortium of Grammar Schools in Shropshire, Walsall and Wolverhampton 11 Plus (11+) Exam Information
Royal Grammar School Newcastle 11 Plus (11+) Exam Information
Wallington County Grammar School 11 Plus (11+) Exam Information
Seaford College 13 Plus (13+) Pre-Assessment Information – Key Details
Eastbourne College 13 Plus (13+) Entrance Exam Information – Key Details


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Radio-quiet neutron star
A radio-quiet neutron star is a neutron star that does not seem to emit radio emissions, but is still visible to Earth through electromagnetic radiation at other parts of the spectrum, particularly x-rays and gamma rays.
Most detected neutron stars are pulsars, and emit radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation. About 700 radio pulsars are listed in the Princeton catalog, and all but one emit radio waves at the 400 MHz and 1400 MHz frequencies.[1] That exception is Geminga, which is radio quiet at frequencies above 100 MHz,[2] but is a strong emitter of X-rays and gamma rays.[1]
In all, ten bodies have been proposed as rotation-powered neutron stars that are not visible as radio sources, but are visible as x–ray and gamma ray sources.[1] Indicators that they are indeed neutron stars include them having a high x-ray to lower frequencies emission ratio, a constant x-ray emission profile, and coincidence with a gamma ray source.[1]
Quark stars, theoretical neutron star-like objects composed of quark matter, may be radio quiet, according to some theories.
More plausibly, however, radio-quiet neutron stars may simply be pulsars which do not pulse in our direction. As pulsars spin, it is theorized they emit radiation from their magnetic poles. When the magnetic poles do not lie on the axis of rotation, and cross the line of sight of the observer, one can detect radio emission emitted near the star's magnetic poles. Due to the star's rotation this radiation appears to pulse, colloquially called the "lighthouse effect". Radio-quiet neutron stars may be neutron stars whose magnetic poles do not point towards the Earth during their rotation.[1]
The group of radio-quiet neutrons stars informally known as the Magnificent Seven are thought to emit mainly thermal radiation.[3]
Possibly some powerful neutron star radio emissions are caused by a positron-electron jet emanating from the star blasting through outer material such as a cloud or accretion material.[4] Note some radio quiet neutron stars listed in this article do not have accretion material.
Magnetars
Magnetars, the most widely accepted explanation for soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs), are often characterized as being radio-quiet.[5] However, magnetars can produce radio emissions, but the radio spectrums tend to be flat, with only intermittent broad pulses of variable length.[6]
List of radio-quiet neutron stars
X-ray Dim Isolated Neutron Stars
Can be classified as XDINS (X-ray Dim Isolated Neutron Stars),[7][8][9] XTINS (X-ray Thermal Isolated Neutron Stars), XINS (X-ray Isolated Neutron Stars),[7] TEINS (Thermally Emitting Neutron Star),[7] INS (Isolated Neutron Stars).[10][a]
Defined as thermally emitting neutron stars of high magnetic fields, although lower than that of magnetars.[7] Identified in thermal x-rays, and thought to be radio-quiet.[11]
A group of seven individual, physically similar and relatively nearby neutron stars nicknamed The Magnificent Seven, consisting of:[11]
RX J185635-3754[1][11]
RX J0720.4-3125[11]
RBS1556[11]
MS 0317.7-6647[11]
1RXS J214303.7+065419/RBS 1774[10]
Compact Central Objects in Supernova remnants
Compact Central Objects in Supernova remnants (CCOs in SNRs) are identified as being radio-quiet compact x-ray sources surrounded by supernova remnants.[1][9] They have thermal emission spectra,[12] and lower magnetic fields than XDINSs and magnetars.[7]
RX J0822-4300 (1E 0820–4247) in the Puppis A supernova remnant (SNR G260.4-3.4).[1]
1E 1207.4-5209 in the PKS 1209-51/52 supernova remnant (SNR G296.5+10).[1][13]
RXJ0007.0+7302 (in SNR G119.5+10.2, CTA1)[1]
RXJ0201.8+6435 (in SNR G130.7+3.1, 3C58)[1]
1E 161348–5055 (in SNR G332.4-0.4, RCW103)[1]
RXJ2020.2+4026 (in SNR G078.2+2.1, γ–Cyg)[1]
Other neutron stars
IGR J11014-6103: a runaway pulsar ejected from a supernova remnant.
Isolated Neutron Star can also refer to all neutron stars without binary companions.
K.T.S. Brazier & S. Johnston (August 2013). "The implications of radio-quiet neutron stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 305 (3): 671–679.arXiv:astro-ph/9803176. Bibcode:1999MNRAS.305..671B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02490.x. S2CID 6777734.
Gil, J. A.; Khechinashvili, D. G.; Melikidze, G. I. (1998). "Why is the Geminga pulsar radio quiet at frequencies higher than about 100 MHz". In Kwing Lam Chan; K. S. Cheng; H. P. Singh (eds.). 1997 Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics. ASP Conference Series. 138. p. 119. Bibcode:1998ASPC..138..119G.
Kaplan, David L. (2008). "Nearby, Thermally Emitting Neutron Stars". AIP Conference Proceedings. 968: 331–339.arXiv:0801.1143. Bibcode:2008AIPC..968..129K. doi:10.1063/1.2840384.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sw-og52UUVg start FOUR minutes into video: Sagittarius produces 15 billion tons/sec of electron-positron matter
"7. Pulsars at Other Wavelengths". Frontiers of Modern Astronomy. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
Vicky Kaspi McGill , University Montreal, Canada (February 2009). "Magnetars and the High - B Pulsars Connection" (PDF). Aspen Center for Physics. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
George Pavlov (Penn State; Polytech.Univ SPb. "X-ray Properties of Rotation Powered Pulsars and Thermally Emitting Neutron Stars" (PDF). pulsarastronomy.net. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
Sandro Mereghetti (April 2010). "X-ray emission from isolated neutron stars". Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. 21: 345–363.arXiv:1008.2891. Bibcode:2011ASSP...21..345M. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17251-9_29. ISBN 978-3-642-17250-2. S2CID 117102095.
Andrea De Luca (INAF/Iasf Milano and Iuss Pavia) (2008). "Central Compact Objects in Supernova Remnants". AIP Conference Proceedings. 983: 311–319.arXiv:0712.2209. Bibcode:2008AIPC..983..311D. doi:10.1063/1.2900173. S2CID 118470472.
Zampieri, L. (2001). "1RXS J214303.7+065419/RBS 1774: A New Isolated Neutron Star Candidate". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 378: L5–L9.arXiv:astro-ph/0108456v2. Bibcode:2001A&A...378L...5Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011151. S2CID 16572677.
Treves, A. (2000). "The Magnificent Seven: Close-by Cooling Neutron Stars?".arXiv:astro-ph/0011564v2.
George Pavlov Penn State, Slava Zavlin MSFC (Huntsville), Divas Sanwal Penn State, Oleg Kargaltsev Penn State, Roger Romani Stanford. "Thermal Radiation from Isolated Neutron Stars" (PDF). SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
Pavlov, G. G. (2002). "1E 1207.4-5209: The puzzling pulsar at the center of the PKS 1209-51/52 supernova remnant". The Astrophysical Journal. 569 (2): L95–L98.arXiv:astro-ph/0203271v1. Bibcode:2002ApJ...569L..95P. doi:10.1086/340640.
Single pulsars
Soft gamma repeater Anomalous X-ray Rotating radio transient
Binary pulsars
Binary X-ray pulsar
X-ray binary X-ray burster List Millisecond Be/X-ray Spin-up
Blitzar
Fast radio burst Bondi accretion Chandrasekhar limit Gamma-ray burst Glitch Neutronium Neutron-star oscillation Optical Pulsar kick Quasi-periodic oscillation Relativistic Rp-process Starquake Timing noise Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit Urca process
Gamma-ray burst progenitors Asteroseismology Compact star
Quark star Exotic star Supernova
Supernova remnant Related links Hypernova Kilonova Neutron star merger Quark-nova White dwarf
Related links Stellar black hole
Related links Radio star Pulsar planet Pulsar wind nebula Thorne–Żytkow object
LGM-1 Centaurus X-3 Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae
Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Chandra X-ray Observatory
X-ray pulsar-based navigation Tempo software program Astropulse The Magnificent Seven


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STRATEAS.CARLUCCI
Studio Bouroullec
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Sumarria Lunn Gallery
SXSW Eco
Sydney Film Festival
Sydney Living Museum
Tartelet Records
Tent London
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The ArtFabric
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The Doubt Foundation
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The Greek State Museum
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Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art
Thierry Cohen
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Tokyo Fashion Week
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West Coast Craft Fair
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100% Design
Zac Koukoravas: Blue Lines
Zac Koukoravas is a Melbourne-based contemporary visual artist and sculptor whose works are equal parts geometric, kaleidoscopic and abstract. Since graduating from the Victorian College of the Arts in 2012, Koukoravas has built a number of works around his unique style: painting on multiple layers of glass and acrylic sheets to form colourful kaleidoscopes. His paintings, which often take on different formations depending on the viewer's relation to them, are inspired by a host of subjects including graffiti, electronic music and urban landscapes.
Now, Koukoravas is preparing to release his latest body of work in the exhibition Blue Lines, which opens today at Flinders Lane Gallery in Melbourne. The exhibition is an honest look at the aesthetic elements of night, like colour, light and atmosphere. The heavy weight of darkness washing over urban environments, and the mysterious, equalising elements it brings, manifests itself in his new paintings.
While Koukoravas in the past has dabbled with aleatoricism – a school of art that leaves parts of the creative process up to chance – Blue Lines was crafted with strict parameters including restrictions on forms, colours and compositions. Perhaps most notable is his isolated colour palette, which was entirely limited to various shades of blue and its iterations within dusk and dawn.
Ahead of the opening of Blue Lines, we spoke to Koukoravas about his thought process regarding the exhibition and some of his more long-running influences. As artists are known to do, Koukoravas is constantly taking in his surroundings and using these stimuli to influence his work. In the end, it makes for a collection that is both staggering in its emotion and impressive in its scope.
fluoro. Talk us through how your work explores the visual play of light, depth, shadow and space.
Zac Koukoravas. I use a range of spray-painting techniques to create abstract geometric arrangements that play with refraction. My paintings give the illusion of three-dimensional space because the flat application of paint is applied to different levels and sides of glass and acrylic panels. The visual play of light, depth, shadow and space allows me to create works of complexity, multiplicity and illusionary geometry.
f. What is the importance of imposing strict parameters in your creative process?
ZK. I find that within limitations there are seemingly infinite possibilities, so I impose some parameters on myself in the creative process. These include restrictions on colours, forms and compositions. The glass and acrylic materials I use are unforgiving, which forces me to exhaust an idea before moving on to the next approach. I develop each piece using new techniques discovered along the way.
f. Does music have an impact on your work? If so, how?
ZK. Yes, music plays an important part in my life and my art practice. I was into hip hop and electronic music in the 70s and 80s; the emergence of intelligent dance music (IDM) in the 90s strengthened my interest in these genres and subcultures. IDM artists such as The Orb and Autechre pioneered individual and abstract forms of electronic music. Sound is an abstract form that is subjective and can have elements of controlled chaos – I explore these themes in my own art practice.
f. What are some further mediums that affect and are explored in your work?
ZK.The rhythm of my life and surrounding environment is reflected in my work. Embedded within my practice are a diverse range of references including graffiti, music, architecture and our relation to natural and urban environments.
f. What was your motivation behind Blue Lines and what do you want to achieve with this body of work?
ZK. Blue Lines is inspired by the light, colour and atmosphere of the night. Darkness equalises everything – clearing the landscape of detail and context; filling it with the unknown where buildings become rectangular shapes and trees become amorphous masses. An uneasy emotional response is triggered when dusk falls and night blankets us with darkness. The imagination takes over and fears manifest.
f. Why was the colour palette used in Blue Lines kept to blue and black?
ZK. Last year my piece Blue Memory won the Best Artist Award at Denfair. This year I restricted my colour palette to shades of blue to imitate the colours at night, particularly the changing light between dusk and dawn. I have also used black and white for contrast.
Blue Lines is on at Flinders Lane Gallery in Melbourne until Saturday 26 August 2017.
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Australia – Exhibitions – Flinders Lane Gallery – Zac Koukoravas
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Zac Koukoravas. Idyll Flux 2014. Zac Koukoravas. Embrace 2014. Zac Koukoravas. Super Wow 2016. Zac Koukoravas. Idyll Flux 2014. FLG.
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The TD Emerald Visa card a great credit card for those who might carry a balance. The key feature of the card is that the interest rate can be as low as Prime + 1.5%. Although there are no rewards or travel points that come with this card the interest rate benefit will surely save you money if you tend to skip payments or carry a balance.
The TD Emerald Visa card is also great for students. It's one of TD's student credit card offerings and comes with a minimum credit limit of $1,000. For the TD Emerald Visa they don't require you have have credit history if you're a student which will make it much easier to get.
The TD Emerald Visa is a pretty basic credit card and therefor has only a few perks.
None that we could see. But if you have feedback/experience with extra fees on this card please add your feedback in the comments below.
This is a great credit card for students and those who think they might carry a balance or miss a payment. The interest rate is the key benefit of this card. Depending on your credit rating you could have an interest as low as 4.5% (Prime + 1.5%).
The low interest rate on the TD Emerald Visa makes it perfect for students who are just leaning to use credit and manage their personal finances. There is also a secured version of this card which means you're pretty much guaranteed to be approved for the regular or the secured version.
The rental car preferred rates are also a nice benefit if you think you might be renting cars from Avis or Budget frequently.
The other benefit that might be handy for students is the available emergency cash advance. While we wouldn't recommend using a credit card cash advance due to the high interest rates it is a nice feature to have for students.
This TD Emerald Visa card is perfect for students or those with a balance. It's a great way to learn about credit and how to manage personal finances without getting hit with those +20% interest rates that are typical on rewards/travel cards.
I chose this card because of the low interest rate.We have had this card for many years with generally no problem. We have a good credit rating and have always paid our bills. Just recently we were told at our bank that our rate was at 15.99%. I had always trusted this card, but after review it looks like the rate has just kept climbing. We were told our credit rating had changed. That was a first. Another observation, when you go to pay your bills on TD website you never see your rate adjustment. Feels like a scam. How does a senior cope in this situation? Shame on you TD. I thought you had more class than this.


text:
function successCB() {
    console.log("tuning is successful");
}

function errorCB(error) {
    console.log(error.name);
}

try {
  webapis.tv.channel.tuneDown(successCBNoNamed, errorCB, webapis.tv.channel.NAVIGATOR_MODE_ALL, 0);
} catch (error) {
  console.log(error.name);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How can I parse only part of an HTML file and ignore the rest? In each of 5,000 HTML files I have to get only one line of text, which is line 999. How can I tell the HTML::Parser that I only have to get line 999?

dataset 1:

name: 	   myname one

type: 	         type_one  (04313488)

aresss: 	Friedrichstr. 70, 73430 Madrid

adresse_two: 	            no_value

telefone: 	           0000736111/680040

Fax: 	            0000736111/680040

E-Mail: 	         Keine Angabe

Internet: 	www.mysite.es

 the office:
mysite_two

: 	 no_value

officer: 	   no_value

employees: 	   259

offices: 	       8

worker: 	       no_value

country: 	      contryname

the_council:

Well, the question is, is it possible to do the search in the 5000 files with this attribute: That the line 999 is of interest. In other words, can I tell the HTML-parser that it has to look (and extract) exactly line 999?

Hello dear RedGritty Brick - i have little experience with HTML :: TokeParser
use HTML::TreeBuilder::XPath;

my $tree = HTML::TreeBuilder::XPath->new;

#use real file name here
open(my $fh, "<", "file.html") or die $!;

$tree->parse_file($fh);

my ($name) = $tree->findnodes(qq{/html/body/table/tr[1]/td[2]});

print $name->as_text;

BTW; RedGrittyBrick: See one of the example sites: http://www.kultusportal-bw.de/servlet/PB/menu/1188427/index.html?COMPLETEHREF=http://www.kultus-bw.de/did_abfrage/detail.php?id=04313488
in the grey shadowed  block you see the wanted information: 17 lines that are wanted. Note - i have 5000 different HTML-files - that all are structured in the very same way!
That means i would be happy to have a template that can be runned with HTML::TokeParser::Simple and DBI.
love to get hints

A: Do you mean the 999th line or the 999th table row?
The former might be
perl -ne 'print if $. == 999' /path/to/*.dat

The latter would involve an HTML parser and some selection logic. A Sax parser might be better for fast processing of a large number of files. It probably depends which version of HTML is used and whether it is "well-formed".
Perl has many XML and HTML parsers - did you have any particular module in mind?

EDIT:
Your problem seems to be your XPath expression. The actual HTML is much more complex than
your XPath suggests. The following expression works better
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use LWP::Simple;
use HTML::TreeBuilder::XPath;

#
# replace this with a loop over 5000 existing files
#
my $url = 'http://www.kultusportal-bw.de/'.
          'servlet/PB/menu/1188427/index.html'.
          '?COMPLETEHREF='.
          'http://www.kultus-bw.de/'.
          'did_abfrage/detail.php?id=04313488';
my $html = get $url;

my $tree = HTML::TreeBuilder::XPath->new();
#
# within the loop process the html like this
#
$tree->parse($html);
$tree->eof;
print $tree->findvalue('//table[@bgcolor]/tr[1]');

Try cutting the above and pasting into a file then running it with Perl.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Economy-budget
Looming Public Debt Crisis: S&P strips Spain of its AAA credit rating
By : Solve et Coagula - Tuesday January 20, 2009
Bloomberg News Monday, January 19, 2009 MADRID: Spain's AAA sovereign credit rating was downgraded Monday by Standard & Poor's, the agency, as the country's first recession in 15 years swelled the budget deficit. The rating was lowered one step to AA+, S&P said in a statement from London, assigning the grade a "stable" outlook. It was S&P's first reduction in Spain's rating. "Current economic and financial market conditions have highlighted (...)
read more, comments...
By : Daveparts - Monday January 19, 2009
By David Glenn Cox I'm too angry to sleep, too weary to hope. I'm too old for optimism and too young to stop fighting. I'd hit someone if only I knew who; I'd march if only I knew where to go. I support the new President and think that he will bring a new vitality to the nation, but my age and anger tells me that vitality is a show business term. That trickle down never reaches us, and political spin is just so much wind passed into our faces. I have seen tax cuts (...)
Systemic Economic Crisis: The Sequence of Global Insolvency Begins
By : Solve et Coagula - Saturday January 17, 2009
Systemic Economic Crisis: The Sequence of Global Insolvency Begins by GEAB Global Research, January 17, 2009 GEAB N°31 In 2007, LEAP/E2020 announced that US banks and consumers were both insolvent. More than a year ago, our team estimated that USD 10,000-billion worth in « ghost-assets » would vanish in the crisis. Both announcements came in complete opposition with the common opinion of that time; however they proved perfectly justified in the months after. In the same line, LEAP/E2020 (...)
Video: THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: The Great Depression of the 21st Century with Michel Chossudovsky
Video: THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: The Great Depression of the 21st Century with Michel Chossudovsky http://www.globalresearch.ressource...
FINANCE-US: AIG's Past Could Return To Haunt
By : IPS - Wednesday January 14, 2009
With nearly 80 percent of AIG stock the U.S. is in a unique position to investigate the internal operations of a giant corporation with a reputation for using the offshore system for tax evasion. By Lucy Komisar* NEW YORK, Dec 19 (IPS) - The U.S. will invest 40 billion dollars in American International Group (AIG), and will provide credit lines that could bring federal funding up to 144 billion dollars. It's the largest subsidy that a U.S. corporation has ever received. In (...)
Immanuel Wallerstein: Capitalism's Demise?
By : blabla - Sunday January 11, 2009
Capitalism's Demise? Immanuel Wallerstein interviewed by Jae-Jung Suh The financial crisis sweeping the world has led many to reconsider the neoliberal premises of the U.S. government. Jae-Jung Suh sits down with sociologist and world systems theorist Immanuel Wallerstein to consider the paradigm shift in global thinking on economic policy and the future of capitalism. Crisis? What Crisis? Suh: These days, everybody is talking about a crisis. But everyone has a different (...)
Congressman Kucinich on Floor of Congress - Slams Fed Reserve and Fractional Reserve! (VID)
Peter Schiff (former Ron Paul financial advisor) predicts Dollar Crash. American Economic Crash
By : Solve et Coagula - Thursday January 8, 2009
Peter Schiff (former Ron Paul financial advisor) predicts Dollar Crash. American Economic Crash. Fear and loathing in the American Empire. http://de.youtube.com/watch?v=djgH9...
Martial Law, the Financial Bailout and War
Paulson's Financial Bailout It is becoming clear that the bailout measures of late 2008 may have consequences at least as grave for an open society as the response to 9/11 in 2001. Many members of Congress felt coerced into voting against their inclinations, and the normal procedures for orderly consideration of a bill were dispensed with. The excuse for bypassing normal legislative procedures was the existence of an emergency. But one of the most reprehensible features of the (...)
The Oil Card: Global Economic Warfare in the 21st Century
By : Solve et Coagula - Wednesday January 7, 2009
The Oil Card: Global Economic Warfare in the 21st Century By James R. Norman Challenging the conventional wisdom behind oil pricing, this compact book sheds an entirely new light on the workings of "free" commodity markets and oil industry supply and demand "fundamentals." Its purpose is to look at the use of oil as an economic weapon. The book assembles a now well-documented chronology of how the US and its allies, including Saudi Arabia, pushed down oil prices dramatically in the (...)
Money Owes No Allegiance
By : Daveparts - Tuesday January 6, 2009
By David Glenn Cox http://theservantsofpilate.com Jan. 5 (Bloomberg) — "The engines that have lifted the U.S. economy out of every recession since World War II will be of little help this time around. Inventory rebuilding, household spending, home construction and payroll growth — the forces that powered, to a greater or lesser extent, each recovery since 1945 — may remain missing for much of 2009. A glut of unsold properties may keep housing depressed, while shriveled (...)
Will the New GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) Single Currency Include Gold?
By : Solve et Coagula - Tuesday January 6, 2009
Will the New GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) Single Currency Include Gold? Gulf Cooperation Council leaders yesterday concluded their 29th annual summit meeting in Muscat, Oman with a final approval for the creation of a single currency for the six-nation economic bloc, still targeted for 2010. Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the GCC and boasts substantial gold reserves. But whether gold will be included in the currency basket has not yet been decided. Golden opportunity GCC (...)
2009 Prediction For USA
By : Solve et Coagula - Sunday January 4, 2009
2009 Prediction For USA A Professor and former KGB advisor on America in Russia, Igor Panarin, is predicting the demise of the USA this year. I have reported on this before, but we now have more details. Panarin predicted the economic crisis in the US 10 years ago. He now says that by this Fall, there will be civil war in America. By June 1010, the USA will break up into 6 pieces. Alaska will go back to Russian control ( look out Sarah!) and Hawaii will go to China or Japan. The East (...)
50 Factors that Affect the Value of the US Dollar
By : Solve et Coagula - Monday December 29, 2008
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Japan Should Scrap U.S. Debt, Dollar May Plummet, Mikuni Says
By : Solve et Coagula - Sunday December 28, 2008
Japan Should Scrap U.S. Debt, Dollar May Plummet, Mikuni Says by Stanley White and Shigeki Nozawa Global Research, December 26, 2008 Bloomberg - 2008-12-24 The article below is a wake-up call to the harsh reality of the financial fiasco that has visited the US. For further details see Matthias Chang's articles on www.FutureFastForward.com and www.GlobalResearch.ca Japan should write-off its holdings of Treasuries because the U.S. government will struggle to finance increasing (...)
Kissinger Calls For New International System Out Of World Crises
Infowars.net December 19, 2008 Kissinger Calls For New International System Out Of World Crises Says global necessities should foster an "age of compatible interests" Steve Watson Bilderberg luminary Henry Kissinger has repeated his routine call for a new international political order, stating that global crises should be seen as an opportunity to move toward a borderless world where national interests are outweighed by global necessities. Speaking with Charlie Rose earlier (...)
Ground Zero on Wall Street: Fed Funds and T-Bills Hit 0% Interest
Ground Zero on Wall Street: Fed Funds and T-Bills Hit 0% Interest by Ellen Brown Global Research, December 20, 2008 webofdebt.com "I am more concerned with the return of my money than the return on my money."– Mark Twain In the last two weeks, two federal interest rates hit all-time record lows. On December 16, the market was taken by surprise when Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke lowered the federal funds rate (the interest banks pay to borrow the reserves they need to meet (...)
China says lending to US will not go on forever
By : Solve et Coagula - Saturday December 20, 2008
China says lending to US will not go on forever Wed Dec 17, 2:38 am ET BEIJING (AFP) – China warned Wednesday it would not keep lending money to the US economy indefinitely, even as new data showed it had consolidated its position as the top buyer of American government bonds. "China's increased purchase of US Treasury securities should not be interpreted as an endorsement of the assumption that the US can borrow its way out of the current financial crisis," the China Daily (...)
The United States Is Already Dead, and Just Doesn't Know It
By : Solve et Coagula - Friday December 19, 2008
The Late Great United States: The Decline and Fall of the United States of America By Joseph George Caldwell Revised 17 December 2008 Max: You know, one thing I can't figure out is whether these girls are real smart or just real, real lucky. Hal: You know, Max, brains will only get you so far, and luck always runs out. Thelma and Louise (A Ridley Scott film, 1991, MGM United Artists) The United States Is Already Dead, and Just Doesn't Know It In the 1990s, I wrote the (...)
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The major earthquakes and subsequent political upheaval have left the city without a what can i eat to burn stomach fat and clear street address system. Rules are as follows: In theory, the authors speculated, this diet may work because it could reduce the amount of fat stored in the liver and pancreas.
However, collective taxis are also risky given the fact that organized crime has flourished in this transportation sector because of fixed passengers.
Not all cars are equipped with one. By bike[ edit ] While Managua is perhaps the least bikeable city in the country, it is the center of the embryonic beginnings of bicycle activism and advocacy with a critical mass ride dating back to Collectivos and Privados Collectives and Privates.
To make things even more confusing, sometimes the fat burning diet onnit location of a landmark or some thing that no longer exists is referenced as in "de donde fue Here, the heat makes you sweat.
Collective taxis work similar to buses: All jokes aside, I know somebody who has lost 50 pounds since moving to Nicaragua nine months ago. You must be able to come to Mother Earth for your carefully selected and prepared meals. Our focus weight loss managua living healthy for the rest of our lives.
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The Nicaragua diet is the newest health regimen sweeping the nation and now you too can lose those weight loss managua pounds while enjoying the freedom to eat and do what you want in Nicaragua! The taxi is yours and picks up no one along the way.
Usually this means that passengers ride in a car with a common or similar destination. The environment and culture of Nicaragua is conducive to losing weight. These taxis have the most space and the most personal protection.
Weight lost during a cleanse may and will most likely be regained if we return to our normal habits. There is no night bus service.
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About 4 percent of people who were on the diet reported serious side effects, including stomach pain and disorders. Compared with a group that did not get the diet, far more weight loss managua lost weight and had their blood sugar lose fat chin fall fat loss health tips the threshold for diabetes.
So we will bring in all aspects of the cleanse and highly recommend complete participation. Sona Shah, an endocrinologist at NYU Langone Weight loss managua, said that doctors knew that if a person lost between 5 to 10 percent of their weight, it could help improve their HbA1c levels.
Meats are lean and grilled or boiled and veggies are cheap and plentiful. Sure, diarrhea and stomach cramps are possible side effects but a mild annoyance at worst.


This is the video for the dope second single from the new Roots Manuva album Slime and Reason. This a mellow reggae tinged track perfect for those London Sunny days, yes we do have them occasionally. Peep the ill album artwork below and grab the album when it drops on September the 1st.


text:
Development and Psychopathology
URL: /core/journals/development-and-psychopathology
Topic: Show more
Special Section: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Emotional Availability Research (1)
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Volume 24 - Issue 1 - February 2012
Page/Article number: low to high Page/Article number: high to low Title Type Online publication date
Prenatal stress and risk of behavioral morbidity from age 2 to 14 years: The influence of the number, type, and timing of stressful life events—ERRATUM
Monique Robinson, Eugen Mattes, Wendy H. Oddy, Craig E. Pennell, Anke van Eekelen, Neil J. McLean, Peter Jacoby, Jianghong Li, Nicholas H. de Klerk, Stephen R. Zubrick, Fiona J. Stanley, John P. Newnham
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 January 2012, e1
Special Section: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Emotional Availability Research
Special Section Editorial
Emotional availability: Concept, research, and window on developmental psychopathology
Zeynep Biringen, M. Ann Easterbrooks
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 January 2012, pp. 1-8
The construct of emotional availability (EA) refers to the capacity of a dyad to share an emotional connection and to enjoy a mutually fulfilling and healthy relationship. The EA Scales were designed to assess multiple components of a relationship from the perspective of both partners. The four caregiver components include sensitivity, structuring, nonintrusiveness, and nonhostility; two scales measure the child's responsiveness to the caregiver and involvement of the caregiver. We describe the EA construct and introduce the papers in this issue, focusing on the contributions of this Special Section to a developmental psychopathology framework.
Special Section Articles
Mothers' frontal EEG asymmetry in response to infant emotion states and mother–infant emotional availability, emotional experience, and internalizing symptoms
Lauren A. Killeen, Douglas M. Teti
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 January 2012, pp. 9-21
Add to cart $36.00 Added to cart An error has occurred,
This study examined the links between mothers' frontal EEG asymmetry at rest and during videos of their 5- to 8-month-old infants expressing three emotion states (joy, anger/distress, and neutral interest), mother–infant emotional availability (EA) in the home, mothers' depressive and anxious symptoms, and mothers' emotional experience in response to infant emotion cues. Greater relative right frontal activity at rest was associated with greater maternal anxiety, but was unrelated to EA or mother-reported emotional experience in response to infant emotion cues. A shift toward greater relative right frontal activation in response to infant emotional stimuli was associated with lower maternal anxiety, greater mother–infant EA, and mothers' experience of sadness, concern, irritability, and the absence of joy in response to seeing their own infant in distress. These findings suggest that mothers' in the moment empathetic responding to their infant's emotions, indexed by a shift in frontal EEG asymmetry in response to infant emotional displays, is related to mother–infant EA in the home. Implications for conceptualizing parenting risk are discussed.
Emotional availability, attachment, and intervention in center-based child care for infants and toddlers
Zeynep Biringen, Shannon Altenhofen, Jennifer Aberle, Megan Baker, Aubrey Brosal, Sera Bennett, Ellen Coker, Carly Lee, Beatrice Meyer, Albertha Moorlag, Randall Swaim
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 January 2012, pp. 23-34
According to data from the 1997 NICHD Study of Child Care, center-based child care can have deleterious effects on children's social–emotional development. We hypothesized that training child care professionals to develop positive relationships with children in their care would improve the quality of center-based child care. Thirty-three professional caregiver–child pairs participated in the intervention group and 24 professional caregiver–child pairs were assigned to a care as usual comparison group. The intervention consisted of an informational and a practice component with an emotional availability (EA) coach. The infants and toddlers (ages 11 to 23 months) in the classrooms were enrolled in the project only if they spent at least 20 hr per week in center-based care. The measures included were (a) the EA Scales, (b) the Attachment Q-Sort, and (c) the Classroom Interaction Scale. The intervention group professional caregiver–child relationships showed improvements on the EA Scales, Attachment Q-Sort, and the Classroom Interaction Scale from pre- to posttest, compared to the comparison group, who showed some decrements over a comparable period of time.
Postadoption parenting and socioemotional development in postinstitutionalized children
Melissa C. Garvin, Amanda R. Tarullo, Mark Van Ryzin, Megan R. Gunnar
Children adopted from institutions (e.g., orphanages) overseas are at increased risk of disturbances in social relationships and social understanding. Not all postinstitutionalized children exhibit these problems, although factors like the severity of deprivation and duration of deprivation increase their risk. To date, few studies have examined whether postadoption parenting might moderate the impact of early adverse care. Three groups were studied: postinstitutionalized and foster care children both adopted internationally and nonadopted children reared in their families of origin. The Emotional Availability (EA) Scales were assessed at 18 months in parent–child dyads. Parent emotional availability was found to predict two aspects of social functioning shown in previous studies to be impaired in postinstitutionalized children. Specifically, EA positively correlated with emotion understanding at 36 months; in interaction with initiation of joint attention at 18 months and group, it predicted indiscriminate friendliness as scored from a parent attachment interview at 30 months. Among the postinstitutionalized children but not among the children in other groups, higher EA scores reduced the negative association between initiation of joint attention and indiscriminate friendliness, thus suggesting that parenting quality may moderate the effects of early institutional deprivation.
Infants' responsiveness, attachment, and indiscriminate friendliness after international adoption from institutions or foster care in China: Application of Emotional Availability Scales to adoptive families
Linda Van Den Dries, Femmie Juffer, Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Lenneke R. A. Alink
In a short-term longitudinal design we investigated maternal sensitivity, child responsiveness, attachment, and indiscriminate friendliness in families with children internationally adopted from institutions or foster care in China. Ninety-two families with 50 postinstitutionalized and 42 formerly fostered girls, aged 11–16 months on arrival, were studied 2 and 6 months after adoption. Maternal sensitivity and child responsiveness were observed with the Emotional Availability Scales, attachment was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure, and mothers reported on children's indiscriminate friendliness. The postinstitutionalized children showed less secure attachment, whereas the former foster children did not differ from the normative distribution of attachment security. However, at both assessments the two groups of adopted children showed more disorganized attachments compared to normative data. Adoptive mothers of postinstitutionalized and former foster children were equally sensitive and their sensitivity did not change over time. Postinstitutionalized and former foster children did not differ on indiscriminate friendliness, but children with more sensitive adoptive mothers showed less indiscriminate friendliness. The former foster children showed a larger increase in responsiveness over time than the postinstitutionalized children, suggesting that children's responsiveness is more sensitive to change than attachment, and that preadoption foster care is more beneficial for the development of children's responsiveness after adoptive placement than preadoption institutional care.
Developmental correlates and predictors of emotional availability in mother–child interaction: A longitudinal study from infancy to middle childhood
M. Ann Easterbrooks, Jean-Francois Bureau, Karlen Lyons-Ruth
In this investigation we examined the developmental correlates and predictors of maternal emotional availability in interactions with their 7-year-old children among a sample of families at psychosocial risk. We found developmental coherence in maternal interactive behavior, and in the relations between maternal emotional availability and children's functioning in middle childhood. Mothers and children were observed at home and in a laboratory playroom in infancy to assess maternal interactive behavior and child attachment security. When children were 7 years of age, dyads were observed in the lab; maternal emotional availability was coded using the Emotional Availability Scales, and children's disorganized and controlling attachment behavior was assessed. Classroom teachers reported on children's behavior problems; at age 8, children reported on their depressive symptoms. Results showed that aspects of maternal emotional availability (sensitivity, nonhostility, nonintrusiveness [passive/withdrawn behavior]) were associated with children's functioning in middle childhood: (a) controlling and disorganized attachment behavior, (b) behavior problems in school, and (c) self-reported depressive symptoms. Maternal emotional availability in childhood was predicted by early mother–infant relationship dysfunction (maternal hostility, disrupted communication, and infant attachment insecurity).
Mothers' physical abusiveness in a context of violence: Effects on the mother–child relationship
Susan G. Timmer, Dianne Thompson, Michelle A. Culver, Anthony J. Urquiza, Shannon Altenhofen
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mothers' physical abusiveness on the quality of the mother–child relationship, and note how it further varied by their exposure to interparental violence (IPV). The sample consisted of 232 clinic-referred children, aged 2 to 7 years, and their biological mothers. Slightly more than a quarter of the children (N = 63, 27.2%) had been physically abused by their mothers; approximately half of these children also had a history of exposure to IPV (N = 34, 54%). Investigating effects of physical abuse in the context of IPV history on mothers' and children's emotional availability, we found that physically abused children with no IPV exposure appeared less optimally emotionally available than physically abused children with an IPV exposure. However, subsequent analyses showed that although dyads with dual-violence exposure showed emotional availability levels similar those of nonabusive dyads, they were more overresponsive and overinvolving, a kind of caregiving controllingness charasteric of children with disorganized attachment styles. These findings lend some support to the notion that the effects of abuse on the parent–child relationship are influenced by the context of family violence, although the effects appear to be complex.
The quality of the mother–child relationship in high-risk dyads: Application of the Emotional Availability Scales in an intergenerational, longitudinal study
Dale M. Stack, Lisa A. Serbin, Nadine Girouard, Leah N. Enns, Vivianne M. N. Bentley, Jane E. Ledingham, Alex E. Schwartzman
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 January 2012, pp. 93-105
The present research examined how family psychosocial risk may be associated with emotional availability (EA) across age and time in two longitudinal, intergenerational studies with high-risk, disadvantaged mother–child dyads. Study 1 examined dyads during preschool and middle childhood. Study 2 examined a different sample of dyads, tested intensively at five time points (6, 12, and 18 months; preschool; and school age). Across studies, maternal childhood histories of aggression and social withdrawal predicted negative EA (higher levels of maternal hostility) during mother–child interactions at preschool age. In Study 1, mothers with higher levels of social withdrawal during childhood had preschoolers who were less appropriately responsive to and involving of their mothers during interactions. In Study 2, higher levels of observed appropriate maternal structuring predicted child responsiveness while observed maternal sensitivity (and structuring) predicted observed child involvement. More maternal social support and better home environment combined with lower stress predicted better mother–child relationship quality. Findings contribute to the burgeoning literature on EA by focusing on a high-risk community sample across time and generations. Results are interpreted in light of the developmental psychopathology framework, and have implications for a broader understanding of how EA is related to parental history and personal characteristics, as well as ongoing family and environmental context.
Special Section Commentaries
A developmental psychopathology perspective on emotional availability research: Current trends and challenges
Marjorie Beeghly
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 January 2012, pp. 107-111
Studies using the Emotional Availability Scales have burgeoned in the past decade. The collection of papers included in this Special Section represents the latest innovations in research with this paradigm. Consistent with a developmental psychopathology perspective, these papers evaluate emotional availability in a variety of typical, at-risk, international, and intergenerational samples of children and caregivers, with many utilizing longitudinal designs or employing measures from multiple levels of analysis. One study begins to translate findings from this body of research into a promising intervention program. Although further growth and refinement in research with this paradigm is needed, the results to date begin to place the construct of emotional availability into a complex, dynamic biopsychosocial context, and promise to inspire a new generation of studies. In this commentary, some of the key contributions and challenges of this collection of studies are highlighted using a developmental psychopathology framework.
Emotional relationships between mothers and infants: Knowns, unknowns, and unknown unknowns
Marc H. Bornstein, Joan T. D. Suwalsky, Dana A. Breakstone
An overview of the literature pertaining to the construct of emotional availability is presented, illustrated by a sampling of relevant studies. Methodological, statistical, and conceptual problems in the existing corpus of research are discussed, and suggestions for improving future investigations of this important construct are offered.
Emotional availability: Critical questions and research horizons
Robert N. Emde
Based on attachment theory, the construct of emotional availability and its assessment goes beyond attachment in important ways. Its origins in clinical experience and emotions research are discussed as well as the prospects for continuing advances in knowledge stimulated by the contributions in the Special Section. This is especially so in terms of developmental variations and the biological underpinnings of emotional availability. A major need and opportunity also exists concerning research related to psychopathology, clinical interventions, and training.
Emotional availability: Research advances and theoretical questions
David Oppenheim
The commentary opens by highlighting the contribution of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS) in providing developmental researchers with a clinically sensitive and reliable assessment of the emotional quality of caregiver–child interactions that takes into consideration their coregulated nature. The numerous studies that have used the EAS attest to their usefulness and to the way they balance complexity and attention to emotional nuances with clarity. Several issues with regard to the EAS are discussed subsequently. First, I propose that looking at patterns of the EA scales might be a way to capture the quality of each dyad's emotional dialogue. Second, I suggest that the description of attachment research as concerned almost exclusively with the regulation of distress is inaccurate, in light of Ainsworth's broad assessment of naturalistic home observations. Third, I raise the possibility that additional specialized coding systems beyond the EAS may be needed for predicting certain specific psychopathological outcomes (e.g., disorganized attachment). Fourth, I propose that it is important to explore cross-culturally the meaning of the behaviors on which the EAS focus, rather than assume cross-cultural equivalence. Fifth and finally, I point out the importance of placing the EAS in the context of the existing literature on early intervention and treatment.
Special Section Response to Commentaries
The integration of emotional availability into a developmental psychopathology framework: Reflections on the Special Section and future directions
We appreciate both the opportunity to co-edit this Special Section of Development and Psychopathology and the thoughtful commentaries provided by Marjorie Beeghly, Marc Bornstein, Robert Emde, and David Oppenheim. Their commentaries review historical perspectives, provide new insights, and suggest future horizons for the study of emotional availability (EA) within a developmental psychopathology framework. Along with the collection of empirical studies in this Special Section, they begin to chart a course for further growth and integration of EA into the field of developmental psychopathology. Taking stock of the research on EA, we realize that there is now a sufficient corpus to suggest that research focusing on this construct, as operationalized by the EA Scales (Biringen, Robinson, & Emde, 1998) is entering a more mature phase of inquiry. In the last 14 years, research on EA, including several special journal issues on the topic (see Biringen & Easterbrooks, 2008; Easterbrooks & Biringen, 2000, 2005, 2009), has explored the methodological concerns, reliability, and validity of the EA Scales and application across different samples and ages. This "critical mass" of knowledge (more than 100 peer-reviewed publications) supports the current focus on asking incisive questions for the field of developmental psychopathology (Cicchetti & Toth, 1995, 2009).
Differential patterns of whole-genome DNA methylation in institutionalized children and children raised by their biological parents
Oksana Yu. Naumova, Maria Lee, Roman Koposov, Moshe Szyf, Mary Dozier, Elena L. Grigorenko
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 November 2011, pp. 143-155
Previous studies with nonhuman species have shown that animals exposed to early adversity show differential DNA methylation relative to comparison animals. The current study examined differential methylation among 14 children raised since birth in institutional care and 14 comparison children raised by their biological parents. Blood samples were taken from children in middle childhood. Analysis of whole-genome methylation patterns was performed using the Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip assay (Illumina), which contains 27,578 CpG sites, covering approximately 14,000 gene promoters. Group differences were registered, which were characterized primarily by greater methylation in the institutionalized group relative to the comparison group, with most of these differences in genes involved in the control of immune response and cellular signaling systems, including a number of crucial players important for neural communication and brain development and functioning. The findings suggest that patterns of differential methylation seen in nonhuman species with altered maternal care are also characteristic of children who experience early maternal separation.
The serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region is associated with the behavioral response to repeated stress exposure in infant rhesus macaques
Simona Spinelli, Melanie L. Schwandt, Stephen G. Lindell, Markus Heilig, Stephen J. Suomi, J. Dee Higley, David Goldman, Christina S. Barr
The short allele of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) moderates the effects of stress on vulnerability to mood and anxiety disorders. The mechanism by which this occurs may relate to differential sensitivity to stressful life events. Here we explored whether 5-HTTLPR and sex affected behavioral responses to repeated maternal separation in infant rhesus macaques. Behaviors were collected during the acute (Day 1) and the chronic (Days 2–4) phases of the separation, and the effects of duration of separation (acute vs. chronic), genotype (long/long vs. short allele), and sex (male vs. female) on behavioral responses were analyzed across four successive separations. Males increased their levels of locomotion with repeated maternal separation, whereas females exhibited an increase in frequency of self-directed behavior, a measure of "depression-like" behavior. The short-allele predicted increased environmental exploration, particularly during the chronic phase of social separation, indicative of higher arousal. In addition, the short-allele carriers were more likely to increase their levels of self-directed behavior during the chronic phase of separation, as a function of repeated exposures. These findings suggest that the short allele may increase reactivity to repeated, chronic stressors, leaving them more vulnerable to affective psychopathology, with females particularly vulnerable.
Negative emotionality and externalizing problems in toddlerhood: Overreactive parenting as a moderator of genetic influences
Shannon T. Lipscomb, Leslie D. Leve, Daniel S. Shaw, Jenae M. Neiderhiser, Laura V. Scaramella, Xiaojia Ge, Rand D. Conger, John B. Reid, David Reiss
The current study examines the interplay between parental overreactivity and children's genetic backgrounds as inferred from birth parent characteristics on the development of negative emotionality during infancy, and in turn, to individual differences in externalizing problems in toddlerhood. The sample included 361 families linked through adoption (birth parents and adoptive families). Data were collected when the children were 9, 18, and 27 months old. Results indicated links between individual levels and changes in negative emotionality during infancy and toddlerhood to externalizing problems early in the third year of life. Findings also revealed an interaction between birth mother negative affect and adoptive mother overreactive parenting on children's negative emotionality. This Genotype × Environment interaction predicted externalizing problems indirectly through its association with negative emotionality and revealed stronger effects of genetic risk for children with less overreactive parenting from their mothers. Limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
Interaction of serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region and childhood neglect on criminal behavior and substance use for males and females
Jamie Vaske, Jamie Newsome, John Paul Wright
Childhood neglect has been cited as a risk factor for later substance abuse and criminal behavior. However, a large body of literature shows that a substantial percentage of neglected and abused individuals do not go on to abuse substances or engage in criminal behavior. The current study investigates whether a genetic variant (serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region [5-HTTLPR]) in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HTT) gene moderates the effect of childhood neglect on alcohol use problems, marijuana use, and criminal behavior. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health shows that 5-HTTLPR conditions the effect of neglect on marijuana use for females, but not for males. Findings also reveal a significant gene–environment correlation between 5-HTTLPR and neglect for females only. These results suggest that 5-HTTLPR is associated with an increased risk of neglect for females, and it also increases neglected females' risk of abusing marijuana.
Mothers' depressive symptoms and children's facial emotions: Examining the depression–inhibition hypothesis
Theodore Dix, Leah N. Meunier, Kathryn Lusk, Michelle M. Perfect
Vibrant expression of emotion is the principal means infants and young children use to elicit appropriate and timely caregiving, stimulation, and support. This study examined the depression–inhibition hypothesis: that declines in mothers' support as their depressive symptoms increase inhibit children's emotional communication. Ninety-four mothers and their 14- to 27-month-olds interacted in a university playroom. Based on microanalytic coding of discrete facial displays, results supported three components of the hypothesis. (a) As mothers' depressive symptoms increased, children displayed less facial emotion (more flat affect, less joy, less sadness, less negative). (b) Mothers' low emotional and behavioral support predicted children's low facial communication and mediated relations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's infrequent emotion. (c) Children who were passive with mothers behaviorally expressed emotion infrequently. Children's passivity mediated relations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's infrequent emotion displays. Contrary to modeling and contagion theories, mothers' facial displays did not mediate relations between their depressive symptoms and children's facial displays. Nor were the outcomes children experienced regulating their facial displays. Rather, findings suggest that, even when depressive symptoms are modest, young children inhibit emotion as mothers' depressive symptoms increase to withdraw from unresponsive mothers, which may adversely affect children's subsequent relationships and competencies.
Executive functioning, cortisol reactivity, and symptoms of psychopathology in girls with premature adrenarche
Lisa M. Sontag-Padilla, Lorah D. Dorn, Abbigail Tissot, Elizabeth J. Susman, Sue R. Beers, Susan R. Rose
The study examined the interaction between early maturational timing (measured by premature adrenarche [PA]) and executive functioning and cortisol reactivity on symptoms of psychopathology. The study included 76 girls aged 6 through 8 years (mean = 7.50, SD = 0.85) with PA (n = 40) and on-time adrenarche (n = 36). Girls completed a battery of psychological and neuropsychological tests and blood sampling for cortisol. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist. The results demonstrated that girls with PA with lower levels of executive functioning had higher externalizing and anxious symptoms compared to other girls. In addition, girls with PA who demonstrated increases in serum cortisol had higher externalizing symptoms than those with stable patterns. Finally, girls with PA who demonstrated decreases in cortisol reported higher depressive symptoms. The findings from this study provide important information concerning the impact of cognitive functioning and stress reactivity on adjustment to early maturation in girls with PA. The results of this research may inform screening and intervention efforts for girls who may be at greatest risk for emotional and behavioral problems as a result of early maturation.


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NFL Betting: Top 5 Games of Week 7
With the first six weeks of the NFL season in the books, we are starting to get a pretty good idea of what we can expect from all 32 teams. While the Los Angeles Rams remain the class of the NFL, the New England Patriots, Kansas City Chiefs and New Orleans Saints have shown they're right behind the Rams in the NFL power rankings right now. The Rams should have no problem maintaining their perfect record against the San Francisco 49ers this week. Meanwhile, the Chiefs, Patriots and Saints will all feature in intriguing matchups. Here is a look at the top five games for Week 7 of the NFL season.
New England Patriots @ Chicago Bears
Line: New England -3.5
There was no shortage of excitement in New England's 43-40 win over the Kansas City Chiefs last week. It was a statement win for the Patriots at home. Now they take on a Bears team that is feeling some heat. The Bears started 3-1 and should have gone to 4-1 considering they were fresh off a bye and facing the Brock Osweiler-led Miami Dolphins. Instead, a loss there and now the Patriots visiting means they could fall to 3-3 after such a positive start.
New Orleans Saints @ Baltimore Ravens
Line: Baltimore -2.5
Fresh off a bye, the New Orleans Saints return to face the Baltimore Ravens in a matchup of Super Bowl contenders. The Saints offense is humming as they've scored 119 points in the last three weeks. That sets up interestingly against a Ravens team that is fresh off a shutout and leads the league in points per game allowed (12.8).
Carolina Panthers @ Philadelphia Eagles
Line: Philadelphia -4.5
The defending Super Bowl champion Eagles looked terrible in back-to-back losses to the Tennessee Titans and Minnesota Vikings, but rebounded with a big 34-13 win over the New York Giants on Thursday Night Football. Now Philadelphia returns home for three in a row at Lincoln Financial Field with the Panthers, Jacksonville Jaguars and Dallas Cowboys coming up on the schedule. Carolina will be playing with a sense of urgency following a 23-17 loss to the Washington Redskins last week. This is their third straight matchup against an NFC East opponent.
Dallas Cowboys @ Washington Redskins
Line: Washington -1.5
The Cowboys have been one of the most difficult teams to evaluate through the first six weeks of the season. Just when it looked as though they had hit rock bottom in a 19-16 loss to the Houston Texans, they bounce back with a 40-7 blowout win over the Jaguars to get back to 3-3 on the season. Now they'll square off with the Redskins in a battle for first place in the NFC East.
Cincinnati Bengals @ Kansas City Chiefs
Line: Kansas City -6
The Chiefs finally hit a bump in the road in last week's 43-40 loss to New England. The fact that Kansas City actually almost won that game despite not being able to find the end zone in the first half is a testament to the team's talent and resolve. Now the Chiefs return home to face a Bengals team that has outperformed their stats so far. They are 30th in total defense, 29th against the pass and 20th against the run. That probably won't work out so well against the high-flying Chiefs this week.


Nestling by Harringay station La Viña is our local restaurant and while it's often busy the owner usually manages to find a table soon enough if you just walk up, even on a Saturday. So it's proved a good standby over the years at times when we couldn't be bothered to either cook, book or travel very far.
The food is Spanish; tapas are on the menu but we skipped them in order to hurry towards something more substantial. I chose a steak in pepper sauce and to wash it down a bottle of Tempranillo. The steak was well cooked and had a generous helping of sauce. Stodge came in the form of mashed potato but I was absent veg! Oh well, across the table had been chosen a salad and I shared that. It's good hearty cooking that is ideal for an unpretentious evening out.
The room is convivial, helped along by not-too-loud Iberian music and plenty of customers who know both the staff and each other well. And the root cause of La Viña's appeal is that it is run by a team who obviously care about what they do.
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Easy to break into it. 'Cushy' and comfortable.
It could even be better if there is a slight foot arch built into the clogs.
Very good fit and comfortable. Prompt delivery.
It is the first time ever that I have worn a pair of brand new shoes all day. So soft and comfortable.