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Taking the Fuss Out of Counting Calories
Menu concepts that offer meals with defined numbers of calories make healthful dining easier for customers.
At Duke University, a program called Simple 600 that debuted last spring offers customer-designed meals that all top out at 600 calories. No guesswork, no nutritional information gathering/downloading needed.
Simple 600 was developed by Duke's dining management partner Bon Appetit Management Co., which has since introduced the concept in some of its other higher education accounts like Case Western Reserve University and MIT. But the elementary concept behind Simple 600 — we count the calories so you don't have to — has appeal beyond colleges.
For example, Compass Group recently rolled out a concept called Whole + Sum for B&I and healthcare as well as college clients, offering customizable meal choices for, yes, 600 or fewer calories. The concept has already been implemented at 400-plus client sites.
Similarly, independent operator Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center developed a program called the 500 Club that identifies and tags meals that meet specific nutritional criteria, including having 500 or fewer calories.
The 500 Club operates at Gundersen's dining room at the main campus in LaCrosse, WI, as well as at a number of school districts, hospitals, colleges, restaurants and c-stores.
And at Virginia Tech University, a grab-and-go program called Yes to Go operates on the same simple general principle: all selections are 600 calories or less.
"One of the keys to creating a successful healthy eating program is making sure consumers know what's healthy," says Jennifer Larson, RD, administrative director of nutrition therapy for Gundersen. "In our community, consumers know to look for the 500 Club stamp of approval to easily identify 500 Club selections."
While all of these programs also limit other nutritional metrics like sodium and fat (especially saturated fat), keying the identifying number to calories helps drive consumer identification.
"Calories are the most familiar nutritional measure for most people," says Jenny Lindsey, RD, administrative dietitian at Virginia Tech. "It's a lot easier to understand than things like fat grams or sodium content."
Whole + Sum illustrates how such a program simplifies the meal-building process. Diners choose proteins, grains and vegetable/fruit sides from selections that are tagged with their caloric contents and measured out with specialized servingware so that a simple combination of one portion of each component totals 600 calories.
Units can choose from some 50 protein and grain dishes and about a hundred fruit/vegetable side options, depending on their customers' preferences. More selections are in the pipeline, says Deanne Brandstedder, says vice president of nutrition & wellness for Compass.
"Whole + Sum has boosted participation by as much as 90% at some stations where it replaced other concepts, and produced a check average increase of around 20%," she adds.
TAGS: Menu Trends Compass Group News & Trends Colleges & Universities Business & Industry


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Home Tips How To Spot A Fake Uber At The Airport
How To Spot A Fake Uber At The Airport
Know before you literally go.
Are you sure you want to take that ride? While rideshares are becoming a more popular option than taxis for getting to and from the airport, they're not exactly hassle-free. While rideshares may cost less and be easier to hail, they can take quite a while to arrive. In the meantime, many outlets report, travelers are being approached by drivers that claim they work for rideshare services when they really don't.
Despite efforts to stop them, fake rideshares continue to run amok. At major airports around the United States, passengers are falling prey to more and more of these scams. A recent investigation by WGN found that within a 45-minute period at O'Hare International Airport (ORD) and Midway Airport (MDW), four such drivers claimed they were taxis or working for a rideshare service. Last year, almost 90 citations were issued at ORD and MDW for "unlawful solicitation of rides."
Here's how a fake ride sharer might operate: while you're waiting the 20+ minutes it can take for your Uber to arrive, a driver flags you down, says they're part of a rideshare service and insists that their "livery" license plates permitted them to offer rides or simply say that they can take you from the airport to your home for a set price.
It's no secret: rideshare queues at airports around the country are a nightmare so it can be easy to give in and not think things through before quickly hopping in. But should passengers take the ride if they're tired of waiting?
A common concern is price. One ORD driver told WGN a ride to Naperville, Chicago, would run anywhere from $89 to $100. "A suburban taxi service that's authorized to offer pre-arranged airport rides charges $50 for that same ride," the outlet reports. And that price could change once you get in the car. "These people are hostages in that car unless they pay what they're told to pay," said airport greeter Mark Glass.
Jonathan Weiss/Shutterstock
Personal safety is also a concern. In recent years, dozens of passengers like 28-year-old Elizabeth Suarez have been physically and emotionally compromised by such drivers. One night last July, Suarez was robbed after hopping into what she thought was an Uber outside of her Vegas hotel. Shortly after the pickup, the driver departed from the route by pulling into an empty parking lot. He then demanded Suarez give him everything she had. Suarez managed to escape by jumping out of the car (while it was moving) and sustained multiple injuries, including a broken wrist. The driver has yet to be found.
Only accept rides if you've called for or requested one on your phone. Before hopping in, double check the make, model, and license plate of their car. Also, verify that your driver's name matches the one listed in your app, and have them state your name by asking something like, "Who is this ride for?" Uber and Lyft both have their designated safety pages with helpful tips for riders, as well.
Before hopping in, double check the make, model, and license plate of their car.
If you're headed to a hotel after landing (especially near the airport), the property may have a pick-up/drop-off service, so double check with them to confirm (and you can bypass the aforementioned fees and risks!). Or, call your rideshare before you collect your bags if you know the wait will be long.
If you believe you've been scammed or have evidence of a scam by a driver, the city of Chicago encourages people to report such claims after dialing 311.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


To have the relationship we want, we need to be honest about how we show up as a partner. We enter into romantic/love relationships seeking either validation or confirmation.
When we seek validation, we unconsciously show up with unmet needs. It may feel like an emptiness or longing but it's really our unmet childhood needs for love, acceptance, security, or significance.
When we seek confirmation, we enter into the relationship with the experience of having our needs fulfilled. And so we seek a partner who confirms what we already know: that we are worthy of love and attention and we determine our worth.
It took me years to recognize I was seeking validation and how that influenced my choices. Do you have awareness of how you show up in your romantic relationship?


Not only has our facility expanded, but the staff has as well. Our growing team is efficient, experienced and knowledgeable. Their primary goal is provide you with the highest quality products and customer service to fit your needs.


"In the No.1 US city to live in you'll want to use the No.1 car hire company – Rhinocarhire.com "
Charlottesville Airport Car Hire - Did You Know?
Charlottesville-Albemarle Airport is based 8 miles to the north of Charlottesville. Spanning an area of 6000sq meters it has juts one terminal for both arrivals and departures. Charlottesville Airport car rental desks are located in the arrivals hall.
Four different airlines serve seven other cities for domestic flights. In 2006 the runway and terminal buildings were reconstructed to allow more flights and passengers run through it. James River has a tributary called the Rivanna River which Charlottesville lies on the banks of. The interstate road of US Route 250 feeds the city and was once known as Three Notched Road.
For attractions take your Charlottesville Airport rental car along Skyline Drive. It surrounds the Shenandoah National Park which also has hiking trails and beautiful scenery. Carry on this road and you will reach The Blue Ridge Parkway en route to the Great Smokey Mountains National Park some 469 miles north. Visit the Paramount Theater which depending on the time of year has Broadway shows, Live Arts and more recently Play On! Theater production.
Charlottesville was and is home to many famous characters. You can visit Ash Lawn-Highland, the home of James Monroe as it hosts the Ash Lawn Opera Festival during the summer. As the city was where Thomas Jefferson lived there. You can visit the Academical Village, also known as the Lawn, which is an esplanade and where The Rotunda and Standford White grand structures are based.
Some of the most beautiful pastoral scenery in the US awaits you when you hire a car in Charlottesville with rhinocarhire.com. There's not a season goes by without great natural beauty. In winter take your Charlottesville hire car through the snow clad hills or in early summer through the budding vines. If you've arrived in autumn and have hired a convertible car in Charlottesville, spend dreamy hours driving through the russet colours of Charlottesville's woods.
It's no surprise that one of the world's best car hire companies is represented in the USA's best city, ready to find you the best deals on car hire in Charlottesville. Visit our website for details on how you can save and still enjoy comfortable reliable motoring.


"Putting two and two together," when I began to see other non-diabetic women who had the same type of boils, I would order a glucose tolerance test to diagnose the presence or absence of diabetes. To my amazement, I found the vast majority of these women with the outside boils had abnormal glucose tolerance tests suggestive of diabetes even though these women were not previously known to be diabetic and who now clearly had a new diabetic or pre-diabetic glucose tolerance test result. This diabetic tendency was the answer to why these women had boils -- due to their reduced immune capability from being diabetic, which in every case was due to their overweight.
Soon thereafter, I found that weight reduction alone, which made these heavy women no longer diabetic, caused their vaginal boils to disappear and not recur as long as these heavy woman remained thinner and had non-diabetic glucose tolerance tests. Weight loss had cleared the blood factor that had reduced these heavy women's immunity.
Diabetes is a major contributor to heart disease as is overweight-caused high blood pressure/high cholesterol/high triglycerides/ low good (HDL) cholesterol/high uric acid/lessened exercise. And so, now you see how I "put it all together" to join immunity, prevention and health, evolving into my now being a preventive cardiologist.
While that is not the whole story, now when I see somebody who has recurrent acne, vaginitis, bronchitis or urinary tract infections, I wonder what is wrong with their immune system, what it is that they are doing that immobilizes their immune system and whether or not they have an undiagnosed diabetic condition which weight loss, exercise and better diet might clear. Recall that 95% of diabetes is due almost exclusively to being overweight caused by a highly refined/low whole foods diet plus a lack of exercise, and correctable with brown rice-vegetables-beans-fruit with fish twice a week. Nothing I say is 100%, but having a diet of mostly brown rice, vegetables, beans, fruit and fish will get you started.
But the grander answer is that people should follow this kind of diet, keep a positive attitude, do a great deal of exercise, be lean and trim or "cut" in the muscular sense, not smoke and limit alcohol to 4 drinks a week - or they risk suffering the disease consequences. Recall the radio program "Truth or Consequences"! These are the rules of immunity enhancement and general health; they are not my rules. That is the way, I believe, the human biology works. I am not the author of these rules, I am merely a translator from your biochemistry to your brain.
in the vast majority of cases. So, almost certainly whatever your ailment is, whether it is a decline in immunity or any other health problem, these errors are the answer. These behaviors when not correct can be changed, resulting in the reversal or clearing of your health problems in the vast majority of cases. There is no hostility here, this is a strictly business discussion of how you can enhance your immunity, get yourself well, and what the price is to accomplish that.


Recently a flight was cancelled and I think I was mistreated. On the day, about 5 of the flights from the airport got cancelled, they claimed it was because of bad weather. I had to wait for two more hours after my estimated departure time only to get information that my flight was cancelled.
However, 5 minutes from the information being anounced, another airlines plane departed from the same airport, and other departures were also succesful.
I did not get any re-routing options and was told I can re-book or refund at their website. They did not have any available flights until after more than a week and therefore I am not able to get home for Easter. I cried all day as I am spending Easter alone now.
Am I eligible for compensation? Shall I challenge the airline that the weather conditions were not to be considered as extreme circumstances?
Oh yes, you have a right to compensation. EU law EC 261/2004 requires not only either the full ticket price or another fly to the same destination, but costs for lodging and a compensation of 200 - 600 € depending on the length of the flight (200 for < 1500 km, 400 for < 3000 km else 600).
The first thing you need to know: As from now you need to get all your correspondence in written form. Flight was cancelled ? Get a written confirmation. Everything you have, your ticket, your taxi, your lodgings, everything which costs need a voucher.
The responsibility for the compensation is always the airline. Not the travel agency or anyone else to blame.
The bad thing: Ryanair and easyjet are known to violate continously passenger rights. If you are a passenger of these airlines, you very likely will never fly with them again because they are fighting tooth and claw to rip you off. So the first thing you do is going to the counter and ask for written confirmation that the flight is cancelled. Then you are asking for another flight and compensation and tell them the nice law EC 261/2004.
Bad weather or technical problems are not sufficient reasons to decline the compensation (They will likely try that). If they are mulish, ask either for a written form that the airline believes that they do not need to pay compensation or ask another people to be witness that they refuse to accept your request. Note the name of the clerk.
Sorry, but politeness does not work with some airlines.
If they are still adamant, call the national enforcement bodies of the country you are currently in.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged air-travel europe cancellations passenger-rights compensation or ask your own question.


The Yankees Win Their 27th!
There is always so much to say about political matters, social issues, who's up, who's down, the drift of the nation, the economy, health care, or the latest effort by Democrats to disembowel their country, but for the moment, why not enjoy the event, no, the phenomenon of the New York Yankees, the 2009 World Series Champs.
Many among the faithful were beginning to wonder when, if ever, the Yankees would triumph again, after another long sojourn in the wilderness, an eight year dry spell between World Series victories, the last one against the Mets in 2000. They came close in 2001, against the Diamondbacks, but Curt Schilling and Randy Johnson were too much that year, and so the Yankees fell in game seven. It was a year in which, coming so soon after 9/11, they Yankees were actually sympathetic favorites around the nation, even crusty, lifelong Yankee-haters, finding it in themselves to root for the Bombers. And it was a great series, too, with Tino Martinez and Scott Brosius providing ninth inning theatrics with two out homeruns leading to two come-from-behind Yankee victories.
But that was the end of the run for that generation's Yankee dynasty, the team of Jeter, Rivera, Petit, Williams, Wells, Cone, Posada, O'Neil, Martinez, et al, who had won four World Series Championships and five American League pennants between 1996 and 2001, arguably the best, most balanced Yankee team in its storied history (particularly 1998, with 114 regular season wins and Major League record 125 combined regular/post season wins), and oddly enough, not a Ruth or Mantle among them, just selfless and consistent ball players, well versed in the fundamentals, executing flawlessly.
Then came the famine years, another interlude of sack cloth and ashes, although not nearly as traumatic as others, for they, at least, remained competitive. Probably the worst period was between 1964 and 1976. Twelve long years before the Yankees would even make the World Series let along triumph. And what humiliation! The mighty Yankees finished in sixth place in 1965, after five consecutive World Series' appearances (1960-1964), and then tenth place or last in 1966! Mantle was but a shadow of his former self and Yankee fans had to console themselves with the likes of Bobby Murcer, Roy White, and Mel Stottlemyre, decent performers, but a very distant cry from the days of glory.
Was it the decision of new Yankee owners, Del Webb and Dan Topping, in 1960, to retire then General Manager George Weiss, the man who built the Yankee farm system and who presciently predicted that the Yankees would collapse in five years without his careful guidance in acquiring new talent? Probably so. And that would not change until a second George took over the Yankees, George Steinbrenner, who would return the Yankees to prominence in the seventies (and since). The most bitter season of all during those dreadful years was 1969 when the hated and heretofore hapless crosstown rivals, the Mets (or, as Casey Stengel referred to them, the "Amazins," based on their record setting ineptitude), would win it all against the highly vaunted Orioles, in one of the surprise upsets of history. It was more than adding insult to injury, it was abject shame and mortification.
This last dry spell between 2000 and 2009 was characterized mainly by a team loaded with talent and salary but uneven and uninspired; they lacked chemistry and timely, clutch play, particularly in the post-season; this unhappy era included baseball's ultimate collapse, the 2004 debacle in the pennant playoff with the previously accursed Red Sox, their fierce rivals from Boston. No team in history ever lost a series up 3-0, but the Yankees did, and to a team it had always managed to vanquish. Indeed, no Red Sox team had won a World Series since 1918, after selling the fabled Babe Ruth in 1919 to the Yankees, the curse of the "Bambino" in effect all those years - until 2004 when they humbled the Yankees and then swept the Cardinals in the World Series.
Indeed, one began to wonder, with their recent dismal play, whether the curse had been mysteriously transmitted to the Yankees, for despite the All-Star line up, and Yankee allure and dollars enticing the premier players of the game, they could not produce a championship. But this year, and particularly after the acquisitions of CC Sabbathia, AJ Reynolds, and Mark Teixeira, the Yankees proved to be relentless and pursued their prize with cool, workman-like efficiency.
They dispatched the Twins and Angels handily in the first two rounds of divisional play, and roughed up a resilient and hard-hitting team in the Phillies in the Series, the defending champs. Petit was awesome, the aging hero, one of the "core" Yankees, along with Jeter, Posada, and Rivera, linked to the championship Yankee teams of the nineties; he clinched the final games at each level including game six of the Series. Alex Rodriguez ("A-rod") finally shed his penchant for choking in post season with incredible numbers and clutch hits, a key run producer and lynch pin of the Yankee attack. Rivera was Rivera, which is to say, the greatest relief pitcher in history. Jeter, Damon, and, of course, World Series MVP, Matsui, were excellent.
As a Japanophile and a deep admirer of that fascinating nation and culture, I was pleased to see Matsui win the MVP. It was amusing to watch him respond to questions in his native Japanese tongue through a translater while recieving the award. Does he not speak English after seven years with the Yanks? No matter. I'm sure they went crazy in Japan, where baseball is the revered National Past Time, with a far higher level of loyalty to the sport than in the US where many other attractions (NFL, NBA, NHL, etc.) compete for American affections. "Godzilla," formerly of the Yomiuri Giants, the "Yankees" of Japan, is truly "God" in Japan, more so than other Japanese Major League greats including "Ichiro" (Suzuki). Perhaps, for the Japanese public, they may justifiably feel they had "arrived" with this moment.
And, so, the World Series championship is back where it belongs in the Bronx, in the new Yankee ball park. Worries about a "curse" are dissipated, the misery of observing the Yankees falter year after year are over. The Bombers can now go about being what they have always been - the best.
And, if I may touch on the political, and bring the significance of the Yankee phenomenon and this year's Yankee victory into perspective, I would say that not only is it good for baseball when the Yankees win but good for America. For the Yankees represent everything that patriotic Americans believe in.
The Yankees, of course, are stewards of a "tradition," the Yankee tradition. Americans admire history and respect tradition. We understand its significance and role in ordering society, in disseminating proper values, habits, and ideals that allow a society to function optimally. The Yankee tradition of training, discipline, hard work, execution, and, of course, winning, represent values, patterns, and attitudes that Americans extol. Americans admire success, do not demean or demonize or punish it. We want to emulate it, foster those manners and practices that lead to it, teach them to our children, and encourage others to pursue them.
Indeed, Yankee dominance and preeminence are metaphors for American greatness, of an America that we pray is not disappearing before our eyes, an America that has led the world with its dynamic, innovative, cutting-edge economy, its opportunities, prosperity, and standard of living, an America that attained the world summit through its private sector, through capitalism, free markets, the rule of law, freedom and liberty and by protecting the individual and his private property: by unleashing, in other words, the creative power of the individual, through a government that understood its bounds as determined by the Constitution, America was able to soar.
We were a nation that rewarded success, did not penalize it, knowing that such a formula was precisely the mechanism, the unique and novel concept that had led to American exceptionalism and accomplishment, had allowed America to emerge as the great power it has become and that had served us and the world so well.
In this era of government unlimited, of grotesque deficit spending, of take overs and bailouts, borrowing and mortgaging our future, of looming high taxes and inflation, of a weak dollar, of dependency and sloth and a deformed, infantilized culture, we find that foundational principles undergirding our nation are under seige, that failure and mediocrity are rewarded, that incompetence and dysfunction are advanced, not victory and achievement, hard work and responsibility, all of which stands the nation on its head with poor outcomes all but inevitable. Indeed, success, seems very much to be in the cross-hairs today, something to sneer at and despise, a sure recipe for failure.
We can only hope that this year's Yankee victory, the return of the World Series' Championship to America's team, to that ultimate sports' symbol of American greatness, will also presage a nation that returns to its roots and scatters the leftist scolds and Jacobins who now inhabit the highest corridors of power, in the White House and Congress, discards a government intent on spending the nation into oblivion, and restores America's promise of prosperity and hope based on traditional principles of limited government, low taxes, and maximum ordered liberty; a nation that admires and respects success not rejects or abhors it. It is in this way only that the nation can be continue its winning tradition.
Is the Yankee victory a portent for a return to American values and fundamentals, and hence of American preeminence? May it be so.
Congrats to the Yankees on their win. May they have many more.
as much as we think we deserve it every year, We have been a little spoiled lately but of course the Yankees are the best! Hopefully we can stay hungry next year!!


Existencias: TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DE INVERSIONES LAB S.A.S. (INVERLAB S.A.S.) VS. GRUPO EMPRESARIAL COLVEN S.A.S.
TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DE INVERSIONES LAB S.A.S. (INVERLAB S.A.S.) VS. GRUPO EMPRESARIAL COLVEN S.A.S.
por: Romero Sierra, Rafael, et al.
TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DE INVERSIONES ALJEON S.A.S. VS. GRUPO EMPRESARIAL OIKOS S.A.
por: De Brigard Caro, Luis Arturo, et al.


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Susan Gordon  (* 27. Juli 1949 in Saint Paul, Minnesota; † 11. Dezember 2011 in Teaneck, New Jersey) war eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin.

Leben
Gordon war als Tochter des Filmproduzenten und Regisseurs Bert I. Gordon bereits im Alter von zwei Jahren in Fernsehwerbespots zu sehen. 1959 hatte sie im B-Movie-Horrorfilm ihres Vaters ihr Spielfilmdebüt als Kinderdarstellerin. Im darauf folgenden Jahre spielte sie Nebenrollen in Michael Curtiz' Das tödliche Netz an der Seite von Alan Ladd sowie neben Danny Kaye im Filmdrama Fünf Pennies. Anschließend spielte sie Hauptrollen in zwei Filmen ihres Vaters, Der Turm der schreienden Frauen und Jimmy und die Piraten. In den 1960er Jahren erhielt sie Gastrollen in verschiedenen Fernsehserien wie Rauchende Colts und Twilight Zone. Nach dem Horrorfilm Das Kabinett der blutigen Hände an der Seite von Don Ameche und Zsa Zsa Gabor und einem letzten Gastauftritt in der Serie Meine drei Söhne beendete sie 1967 ihre Schauspielkarriere.

Gordon war verheiratet und hat sechs Kinder.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1958: Attack of the Puppet People
 1959: Fünf Pennies (The Five Pennies)
 1959: Das tödliche Netz (The Man in the Net)
 1960: Der Turm der schreienden Frauen (Tormented)
 1960: Jimmy und die Piraten (The Boy and the Pirates)
 1961: Rauchende Colts (Gunsmoke; Fernsehserie, 1 Folge)
 1962: Meine drei Söhne (My Three Sons; Fernsehserie, 4 Folgen)
 1962: 77 Sunset Strip (Fernsehserie, 1 Folge)
 1962: Twilight Zone (The Twilight Zone; Fernsehserie, 1 Folge)
 1963: Alfred Hitchcock Presents (Fernsehserie, 1 Folge)
 1966: Das Kabinett der blutigen Hände (Picture Mommy Dead)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Kinderdarsteller
Person (Teaneck)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1949
Gestorben 2011
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Adamové z Veleslavína byl pražský měšťanský rod, který získal erb a predikát ve druhé polovině 16. století. Vesnice Veleslavín (dnes pražská čtvrť) patřila nejdříve břevnovskému klášteru. V 16. století to byl majetek nejvyššího královského purkrabího a stály tu již i měšťanské domy a dvory. Jeden dvůr tady vlastnil i nájemce pražských staroměstských mlýnů Štěpán Adam, který pak měl se svou manželkou Reginou, dcerou kutnohorského sochaře, syna Daniela Adama z Veleslavína, který se stal nejznámějším členem rodu.

Erb
V červeno-modře polceném štítě se nachází stříbrný Pegas (okřídlený kůň). Kolčí helma s točenicí a červeno-stříbrnými přikryvadly. Klenot má rozevřená křídla, pravé červené, levé modré a mezi nimi je zlatá šesticípá hvězda.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura

Související články
 Seznam českých, moravských a slezských šlechtických rodů
 Daniel Adam z Veleslavína

České šlechtické rody


text:
Surprise Medical Billing Protections Coming for Participants in 2022
Employee Benefits and Executive Compensation, Healthcare
Share this Insight
Timothy J. Stanton Chicago Author
Hillary M. Sizer Chicago Author
Beginning in 2022, employer-sponsored health plans will be required to pay providers certain emergency and out-of-network charges that would have otherwise been balance billed to participants.
That is the centerpiece of the No Surprises Act, part of the sprawling Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, which was signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 27, 2020.
The No Surprises Act covers insured and self-funded plans and applies to out-of-network emergency care and to out-of-network care provided at in-network facilities. A major goal of the act was to prohibit providers from surprise-billing patients who unknowingly received out-of-network services, such as imaging or lab work, at an in-network facility. The act specifically applies to air ambulance services, but it excludes ground ambulance services. An advisory committee will further study balance-billing issues related to ground ambulance services.
The No Surprises Act—which modifies the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), the Public Health Service Act (PHSA), and the Internal Revenue Code—prohibits providers from balance billing and requires plans to hold patients harmless from balance billing for all out-of-network air ambulance and emergency services and for out-of-network services provided at in-network facilities. Future regulations will provide many details.
The act generally limits a patient's out-of-pocket costs for these services (such as deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance) to what they would have been had the services been provided in-network.
There is an exception for out-of-network providers delivering services at in-network facilities. In such cases, patient costs would not have to be limited to in-network rates if the facility previously notified the patient of its network status and estimated charges at least 72 hours in advance, and the patient had consented to receiving the services. This exception would apply to items and services such as equipment and devices, telemedicine services, imaging services, laboratory services, and preoperative and postoperative services.
Employers had generally favored setting a standard for determining the amounts providers would have to be paid. Rather than take that approach, the act sets up a negotiation and arbitration system. Healthcare providers generally favored this approach.
Under the No Surprises Act, plans and providers have 30 days to negotiate payment amounts. If negotiation fails to "result in a determination of an amount of payment," the parties have 4 days to initiate a binding arbitration process called "independent dispute resolution" (IDR). In this process, each party submits a payment amount offer and supporting evidence, and the certified IDR entity chooses one of the amounts. The IDR entity does not have the authority to choose an amount not offered by either party. The losing party must also pay the arbitration costs. The act defers to states to set payment standards or dispute resolution processes for fully insured plans.
In determining the payment amount, the IDR entity will consider the median in-network rate, which is the median amount that all plans of the sponsor would charge for that same service in the same geographic area.
An IDR entity will also consider information submitted by the parties, the provider's training, education, experience, and quality; patient acuity and the complexity of services furnished; the market share of the provider, facility, plan or insurer; good-faith efforts by providers or plans or insurers to enter into network agreements; and prior contracted rates during the previous four plan years. An IDR entity may not review usual and customary or billed charges, and may not take into account reimbursement rates used by the Medicare or Medicaid programs.
A party that initiated IDR may not request IDR with the "same other party" for the same type of service for at least 90 days following a determination. This provision is designed to encourage the parties to negotiate settlements. After 90 days, the parties may engage the IDR process again, including for any claims that occurred during the 90-day period. (There are a few differences in the IDR process for air ambulance charges. Most importantly, this 90-day restriction on requesting new IDR determinations does not apply.)
Beginning in 2022, the act provides for external reviews for any adverse determinations made under the surprise medical billing provisions of ERISA and the PHSA.
Other changes in the No Surprises Act include
directing the secretaries of the U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the U.S. Department of the Treasury to issue regulations by January 1, 2022, on the provider nondiscrimination rules under the Affordable Care Act; and
establishing rules related to continuity of care to protect patients when provider relationships with a network are terminated.
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Understanding 'Standing': The Eighth Circuit Slams the Brakes on Three More ADA Title III 'Drive-By' Suits
Continuing a trend that saw Minnesota courts dismiss at least eight disability access lawsuits under Title III of the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 2018 and 2019, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which has jurisdiction over Minnesota as well as several other states, recently affirmed the dismissals of three more Title III cases.
Seattle Retail and Food Services Employers Beware: New City Ordinance Restricts Scheduling Practices
The Seattle City Council unanimously passed a bill on September 19, 2016, enacting secure scheduling regulations for large employers in the retail and fast food businesses. Seattle is the second city, after San Francisco, to adopt such regulations. Mayor Ed Murray announced he plans to sign the ordinance within the next two weeks.
Arizona Industrial Commission Implements New Minimum Wage Act Emergency Regulations
On November 7, 2006, Arizona voters approved Proposition 202, which establishes Arizona's first state minimum wage law. The increase in minimum wage from the federal rate of $5.15 to the new Arizona rate of $6.75 went into effect on January 1, 2007, less than two months after Proposition 202 was passed by voters. Due to this extraordinarily short time frame between passage of the initiative and its effective date on January 1, 2007, the Industrial Commission of Arizona, the agency charged with implementing and enforcing the regulations pursuant to the new law and the Governor's order, has recently approved temporary Emergency Regulations to implement the law.


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The comprehensive gazetteer and bibliography of the medieval castles, fortifications and palaces of England, Wales, the Islands.
The listings
In 1447 May 26, Richard, Duke of York was granted, by Henry VI, (In year 25 of his reign) a Royal licence to crenellate Honesdon (Hunsdon House)
Licence for Richard, duke of York, to build within the manor of Honesdon, co. Hertford, a tower of stones with lime and sand, and to embattle the same, and to hold the manor and tower to him, his heirs and assigns. By K. etc. (CPR)
Granted at Westminster. Grant by King etc..
At this time Richard was actively involved in government, possibly to diminish the criticism of him that resulted from the loss of French territory. This licence can be seen as part of his need to maintain good relationships with the king and the, relatively weak, king's need to maintain good relationships with a major magnate and kinsman. Richard had many holdings across the country but this house would have been a useful home, within easy reach of Westminster, for entertaining and impressing potential political allies.
Original source is;
Lyte, H.C. Maxwell (ed), 1909, Calendar of Patent Rolls (1446-52) p. 77 online copy
(In fact, the original source given is usually a transcription/translation of what are precious medieval documents not readily availably. It should be noted that these transcription/translations often date to the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries and that unwitting bias of transcribers may affect the translation. Care should also be taken to avoid giving modern meaning to the medieval use of certain stock words and terms. Licentia is best translated as 'freedom to' not 'permission'.)
Significant later sources are;
Coulson, C., 1994, 'Freedom to Crenellate by Licence - An Historiographical Revision' Nottingham Medieval Studies Vol. 38 p. 119
Richard of York, third duke of York (1411–1460)
Richard of York, third duke of York (1411–1460), magnate and claimant to the English throne. In 1433 York was admitted to the Order of the Garter—a mark of favour, a certificate of loyalty, and perhaps a token of martial expectations. (Watts)
Biographical source include;
John Watts, 2004, 'Richard of York, third duke of York (1411–1460)' Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press) online copy (subscription may be needed)
More information about licences to crenellate can be found here.
Please do inform Gatehouse if you see any errors, can add information or can otherwise help to improve this resource. Please contact Gatehouse.
Record created by Philip Davis. This record last updated on Sunday, October 4, 2015.
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How Deep Is Deep?
Posted by golfkat on April 20, 2022
From Mental Floss:
Any natural body of inland water that feels bigger than a pond can constitute a lake. The lakes of the world vary greatly, with some sites closely resembling seas in many ways. This applies to Lake Baikal in southeast Siberia. The Unesco World Heritage Site is the deepest lake on Earth, measuring 5387 feet at its maximum depth.
Lake depth can be measured in two ways: By the distance from the surface to its deepest point, and by the average depth of the lake as a whole. The Russian lake holds the world record in both these categories. Its mean depth is 2486 feet, which is greater than the Burj Khalifa skyscraper in Dubai. If two Burj Khalifas were stacked on top of each other at Baikal's deepest point, less than 50 feet of the top spire would poke past the lake's surface.
Lake Baikal boasts another impressive distinction: It's approximately 25 million years old, which means it's the oldest lake on the planet. The depth and age of this freshwater body have allowed a variety of organisms to evolve and flourish in isolation. Half of the 60 fish species that live there can't be found anywhere else on Earth, earning the body the title the "Galapagos of Russia." Baikal is also home to the nerpa, the only exclusively freshwater seal species known to science.
After supporting a thriving ecosystem for millions of years, the world's deepest lake has come under threat in recent decades. Development on the lake's shores has resulted in pollution that harms the lake's unique plant and animal populations. Local conservationists have fought to spare the site from some of the most concerning development projects, including plans for a nearby oil pipeline and a uranium plant, but protecting the natural wonder is an ongoing battle.I was there in May, 2014, during an unexpected winter snow storm. Hardly anyone was there, but I managed to try the local smoked omul (fish), take a boat excursion on the lake, and try some Uzbek food. The Russian food is barely edible.
Baikal was my first excursion off the famous Trans Siberian Railway. The main city, about an hour away is Irkutsk, itself a rather iconic place. All of a sudden, I found fresh fruit and veggies from Turkey for sale at the local farmer's market. But when I went to dinner for sushi, nobody spoke English or Japanese. The staff "looked" Japanese, but only spoke Russian!
It was an experience, but probably not worth repeating. I am glad I went, but would probably not go again. This includes both Russia and the Trans Siberian Railway.
Now, with the senseless Putin war in Ukraine, I wonder whether anyone will ever visit Russia again, voluntarily?
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8th Foot
Hierarchical Path: Seven Years War (Main Page) >> Armies >> British Army >> 8th Foot
The regiment was raised as the "Princess Anne of Denmark's Regiment of Foot" during the Monmouth Rebellion according to a warrant issued on June 20 1685. The first company was raised by Lord Ferrars, in Hertfordshire; the second by John Beaumont, Esq., in Derbyshire; the third by John Innis, Esq., near London; and the other seven by Rowland Okeover, Charles Chudd, Thomas Paston, William Cook, Simon Packe, Walter Burdet, and Thomas Orme, in Derbyshire. The general rendezvous of the regiment being at Derby. The formation of the regiment was in rapid progress, when Monmouth was defeated and captured in the Battle of Sedgemoor, on July 6 1685. Each company of the regiment was immediately reduced to sixty privates. On 25 July, each company was further reduced to 50 privates.
In 1686, the eight companies of the regiment were sent to Northumberland. In 1687, they returned to the neighbourhood of London and received a grenadier company. The regiment then consisted of 10 companies of pikemen and musketeers, and one of grenadiers. It took part in the training camp on Hounslow Heath and then marched into garrison at Portsmouth, its grenadier company being detached to York.
In 1688, the Duke of Berwick, the current colonel of the regiment, gave orders for a number of Irish Catholics to be incorporated in the regiment. The Lieutenant-Colonel, John Beaumont, and Captains Simon Packe, Thomas Orme, John Port, William Cook, and Thomas Paston remonstrated against receiving Irishmen into their companies and concluded with a declaration of their determination to resign their commissions rather than receive Irish Catholic recruits into their companies. James II was so incensed by their declaration that he immediately sent 20 cuirassiers of the Queen Dowager's Regiment to Portsmouth to arrest these officers who were later dismissed from the service. A number of men of the regiment then deserted rather than serve with the Irish Catholic recruits, who had been forced into the regiment. At the end of the year, the Prince of Orange landed with a powerful force to support the Protestant interest. James II and the Duke of Berwick fled to France. On December 31, the Prince of Orange, having assumed the powers of the government, promoted the patriotic Lieutenant-Colonel Beaumont to the colonelcy of the regiment.
In 1689, when some resistance to King William's authority was experienced in Scotland, the regiment was ordered from its quarters at Southampton to the north. It halted at Carlisle and, on June 13, was inspected by the commissioners appointed to re-model the army. Edinburgh Castle having surrendered to the forces of King William, the regiment did not continue its march to Scotland. It was one of the units selected to proceed to Ireland with the army commanded by the Duke Schomberg. After encamping a short time near Chester, the several regiments embarked at Highlake. On August 13, they anchored in the Bay of Carrickfergus, landed immediately and pitched their tents in the fields, near the shore. The regiment then took part in the siege and capture of Carrickfergus. Schomberg's Army then advanced to Dundalk where it entrenched. After losing a number of men at the unhealthy camp at Dundalk, the regiment marched into winter-quarters, and was stationed at the frontier garrisons of Green Castle and Rostrever. In the spring of 1690, the regiment was stationed at Londonderry. In July, it took part in the Battle of the Boyne and in the capture of Dublin. On July 7, it was reviewed by King William at Finglass. It then counted 526 rank and file, exclusive of officers and non-commissioned officers. The regiment then took part in the unsuccessful siege of Limerick. In September and October, it took part in the sieges and capture of Cork and Kinsale. It then garrisoned Kinsale and then Cork. In 1691, the regiment was initially left in the County of Cork to assume garrison duty. It then joined the field army and took part in the siege and capture of Limerick.
In February 1692, the regiment returned to England. Shortly after its return from Ireland, it embarked for the Netherlands, to serve with the army commanded by King William in person, against the forces of Louis XIV. However, the order was countermanded, the shipping returned to port, and the regiment landed at Gravesend. Once the threat of a French invasion had been eliminated, the regiment marched to Portsmouth, where it embarked for an expedition against the coasts of France. Landing was found impracticable, and the fleet sailing to Ostend, the troops disembarked in the beginning of September. They were subsequently joined by a detachment from the Allied army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Talmash, and having taken possession of Fumes, fortified it against any sudden attack, for a winter cantonment. They afterwards repaired the works of Dixmude. The regiment returned to England during the winter, and was employed in garrison duty at Portsmouth. In April 1693, the regiment was removed to Canterbury and Dover. It sent a draft of 100 men to reinforce the English regiments stationed in the Netherlands. In 1694, the regiment was stationed in Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire. In December, 1695, Colonel Beaumont was succeeded in the command of the regiment by Colonel John Richmond Webb. In February 1696, the regiment was sent to Flanders and was placed in garrison at Dendermonde. In June, it joined the troops under the Duke of Württemberg encamped on the banks of the Scheldt, from whence it proceeded to the main army, commanded by King William in person. On its arrival at the camp at Gemblours, the regiment was brigaded with the Royal Fusiliers and the regiments of Mackay, Stanley, and Seymour. In August, it was sent to Ghent where it passed the winter. In the spring of 1697, it marched to Brabant.
In 1698, the regiment returned to England and soon afterwards proceeded to Ireland.
In 1701, on the eve of the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-13), the regiment embarked at the Cove of Cork for the Netherlands. On March 8 1702, information was received of the decease of King William and the accession of Queen Anne. The elevation of the Princess Anne of Denmark to the throne, was followed by the royal authority for this regiment to be designated "The Queen's Regiment", though it was also known after its colonel, John Richmond Webb. In that same year, the regiment initially formed part of the covering army during the siege of Kayserswerth, on the Lower Rhine. In June, it had to precipitously retire to Nijmegen. It later took part in the siege of Venlo. It also took part in the siege of Roermond. On October 23, the grenadiers of the regiment were engaged in storming the citadel of Liège , and highly distinguished themselves. In 1703, the regiment took part in the sieges of Huy and Limhourg. In 1704, it took part in Marlborough's famous march to the Danube, fighting in the Battle of the Schellenberg and in the Battle of Blenheim. It then marched back to the Rhine to support the siege of Landau. In 1705, it was involved in the recapture of Huy and took part in the passage of the lines at Neer-Hespen and at the bridge of Helixem. In 1706, it was at the battle of Ramillies and at the siege of Menin.. In 1708, it took part in the Battle of Oudenarde, capturing some colours from Swiss battalions in the French service. Later during the year, the regiment was at the sieges of Ghent, Bruges and Lille. In 1709, it took part in the siege of Tournai and fought at Malplaquet where it suffered heavy casualties. In 1710 the regiment took part in the sieges of Douai, Béthune, Aire and Saint-Venant.
In 1715, the regiment was recalled to England to fight the supporters of the Stuart pretender to the throne. The regiment took part in the battle of Sheriffmuir, suffering heavy casualties (100 killed, about 12 wounded) and withdrawing to Stirling.
In 1716, the regiment was renamed the "King's Regiment of Foot".
During the War of the Austrian Succession, the regiment fought in the battle of Dettingen on June 27 1743. On May 11 1745, it took part in the battle of Fontenoy where it suffered over 150 casualties. Early in 1746, the regiment was recalled to fight the Jacobite Rebellion and, on January 17, took part in the battle of Falkirk. Then on April16, it fought at Culloden. It then went back to the continent where, on October 11, it was present at the battle of Roucoux. On July 2 1747, it fought at Lauffeld. After the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, the regiment returned to England during the winter of 1748.
In 1749, the regiment was reduced and ordered to proceed to Gibraltar, in which fortress it was stationed during 3 successive years.
On July 1 1751, when a Royal warrant reorganised the British infantry, the regiment was designated as the "8th (King's) Regiment of Foot".
In 1752, the regiment returned to Great Britain.
As per a resolution of September 20 1756, a second battalion was exceptionally added to the regiment. Two years later, in 1758, this second battalion was made a distinct regiment as the 63rd Regiment of Foot.
from April 25 1745 to March 1759: Edward Wolfe
from March 1759: vacant
from October 24 1759 to April 11 1764: Honorable John Barrington
During the summer of 1757, both battalions were encamped near Dorchester, under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir John Mordaunt, and were held in readiness to repel a threatened invasion by the French. However, the formidable preparations in England and other causes deterred the French from making the attempt. From Dorchester, both battalions were removed to the Isle of Wight. By September, the regiment was stationed on the Isle of Wight and embarked on the fleet for the aborted raid on Rochefort.
In 1758, the second battalion was constituted a regiment and numbered 63rd Foot, the command of this new regiment being conferred on Colonel David Watson seconded by Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Desbrisay and Major John Trollop. The 8th Foot was at the Isle of Wight in May in preparation for a raid on the French Coasts. It then embarked on the fleet and took part to the first expedition against the French coasts from June 1 to July 1.
In March 1759, Lieutenant-General Edward Wolfe died. As of May 30, the regiment was stationed in England and counted 1 battalion for a total of 900 men. The colonelcy remained vacant until October following, when it was conferred on Major-General the Honourable John Barrington from the 40th Foot who had, a few months before, signalized himself in the West Indies, particularly in the capture of Guadeloupe.
On May 1 1760, the regiment was notified that it would be part of the British reinforcement (six battalions and two regiments of Highlanders) promised to Ferdinand of Brunswick. In June, it was shipped to Bremen on the Weser instead of, as heretofore, Emden. By June 17, the regiment had joined the Allied army at the camp of Fritzlar where it was reviewed by Ferdinand. It took part in the movements and skirmishes of the main army previous to the battle of Warburg on July 31. During this battle, its grenadier company was sharply engaged and highly distinguished itself, losing 1 sergeant and 2 privates killed, Captain Wilkenson and 13 privates wounded and 1 man missing. The regiment was subsequently encamped behind the Diemel. While in this position, the grenadier company was detached, with several units of cavalry and infantry, across the river. In the night of September 5, this detachment surprised a body of French in the town of Zierenberg. After some sharp fighting in the streets, about 40 French officers and 300 soldiers were made prisoners, and the Allies returned to their camp at Warburg. The grenadier company of the regiment was subsequently detached to the Lower Rhine and was engaged, on October 16, in the battle of Clostercamp where it formed part of Lennox's grenadier battalion. In this battle, it lost lieutenant Morrison wounded and several privates killed and wounded. In December, the regiment went into cantonments, in villages near the river Weser.
In February 1761, the regiment was withdrawn from these villages and proceeded through a deep snow into Hessen-Kassel where it was engaged in several operations. The French were forced to surrender several fortified towns and extensive magazines and, in March, the Allies returned to their former quarters. In June, the regiment again took the field, brigaded with the 20th Foot, 25th Foot and 50th Foot under Major-General Townshend, in the division commanded by Lieutenant-General Conway. The grenadier company was in the division under the Marquis of Granby. On July 15, the French attacked the Marquis of Granby's division at Vellinghausen and were repulsed. They renewed the attack on the following day. The 8th Foot was posted on the high grounds between Illingen and Hohenover, and a detachment stationed in front had a slight skirmish with the enemy, and had 1 private killed and 1 taken prisoner. The French were repulsed and the grenadier battalion, of which the company of the 8th Foot formed part, took the Rougé Infanterie prisoners, together with its cannon and colours. The regiment was subsequently employed in numerous operations in the bishopric of Paderborn, and on the river Weser, and took part in several skirmishes. In November, it was engaged at Einbeck, in the electorate of Hanover. It was subsequently encamped on the banks of the Have, near Einbeck. In December, the regiment marched into cantonments in the bishopric of Osnabrück.
During the campaign of 1762, the regiment was brigaded with the 20th Foot and the 50th Foot under Major-General Mompesson. This brigade took part in the battle of Wilhelmstal where it formed part of the center column under Ferdinand of Brunswick. They crossed the Diemel at 4:00 AM and, after a long march, gained the front of the French camp and fought stubbornly against the flower of the French infantry until Ferdinand managed to turn the rear of the French position with additional troops. The French made a precipitate retreat to Kassel and one division was surrounded and made prisoners in the woods of Wilhelmstal. The regiment was later engaged in numerous operations and in several skirmishes. The campaign concluded with the siege and capture of Kassel.
In January 1763, the regiment commenced its march from Germany and proceeded through the Netherlands to Williamstadt where it embarked for England. Upon arrival, its numbers were reduced to a peace establishment. From England, the regiment proceeded to Scotland where it was stationed two years.
Uniform Details
Musketeer black tricorne laced white with a black cockade (left side)
8th Foot Grenadier Mitre Cap - Source: Digby Smith and rf-figuren
British mitre with: a dark blue front edged white embroidered with white floral twigs and with the regimental badge (the white horse of Hanover on a piece of green turf on a red field within a dark blue garter belt edged yellow wearing the motto "Honi soit qui mal y pense" in yellow) surmounted by a crown (yellow with red cushions, white pearls and ermine headband); a small red front flap edged white with the white horse of Hanover surmounted by the motto "Nec aspera terrent" in yellow and with a green bottom strip with yellow stripes; red back; a dark blue headband edged white probably wearing the number 8 in the middle part behind; a white pompom with dark blue inner threads
Neckstock white
Coat brick red lined blue and laced white (white braid with a thin yellow braid in its centre) with 3 pewter buttons and 3 buttonholes (same lace as above) under the lapel and brick red shoulder wing with laces (same lace as above)
Collar none
Shoulder Straps red (left shoulder)
Lapels blue with laces (same lace as above) with 7 pewter buttons and 6 buttonholes (same lace as above)
Pockets horizontal pockets with laces (same lace as above)
Cuffs blue slashed cuffs with laces (same lace as above) with 4 pewter buttons and 4 buttonholes (same lace as above) on the sleeve above each cuff
Turnbacks blue
Waistcoat brick red with lace (same lace as above)
Breeches blue
Gaiters white with black buttons
brown, grey or black during campaigns (black after 1759)
Cartridge Box black
Bayonet Scabbard black
Scabbard black
Footgear black shoes
Troopers were armed with with a "Brown Bess" muskets, a bayonet and a sword. They also carried a dark brown haversack with a metal canteen on the left hip.
Officers of the regiment wore the same uniforms as the private soldiers but with the following differences:
gold gorget around the neck
a gold aiguilette on the right shoulder
gold lace instead of normal lace
a crimson sash
red breeches
Officers wore the same headgear as the private soldiers under their command; however, officers of the grenadier company wore a more decorated mitre cap.
Officers generally carried a spontoon, however, in battle some carried muskets instead.
According to the Royal Clothing Warrant of 1751:
The drummers of the regiment wore the royal livery. They were clothed in red, lined, faced, and lapelled on the breast with blue, and laced with the royal lace (golden braid with two thin purple central stripes).
The drum body was blue with the regimental badge (the white horse of Hanover on a red field surrounded by a blue garter and surmounted by a gold crown), the number of the regiment under the badge, the regiment number "VIII" in the upper left corner and the gold King's cipher surmounted by a crown in the three other corners. The drum rims were red.
King's Colour: Union with its centre decorated with the regimental badge (the white horse of Hanover on a red field surrounded by a blue garter and surmounted by a gold crown; the motto "NEC ASPERA TERRENT" underneath). The regiment number "VIII" in roman gold numerals in the upper left corner.
Regimental Colour: blue field with its centre decorated with the regimental badge (the white horse of Hanover on a red field surrounded by a blue garter and surmounted by a gold crown; the motto "NEC ASPERA TERRENT" underneath). The Union in the upper left corner with the regiment number "VIII" in roman gold numerals in its centre. The gold king's cipher surmounted by a crown in the three other corners.
N.B.: since this regiment exceptionally counted 2 battalions, the colours of the 2nd Battalion were distinguished by a flaming ray superposed to the upper left branch of the saltire.
King's Colour - Source: PMPdeL
Regimental Colour - Source: PMPdeL
This article incorporates texts from the following books which are now in the public domain:
Cannon, Richard: Historical record of the Eighth, or The King's Regiment of Foot, London: Parker, Furnivall and Parker, 1844
Fortescue, J. W., A History of the British Army Vol. II, MacMillan, London, 1899
George II, The Royal Clothing Warrant, 1751
Aylor, Ron: British Regimental Drums and Colours
Blomquist Erik S. and DeCroix Douglas W.: Advice to the Soldier
Funcken, Liliane and Fred: Les uniformes de la guerre en dentelle
Mills, T. F., Land Forces of Britain the Empire and Commonwealth (an excellent website which unfortunately seems to have disappeared from the web)
"Regiment, The Military Heritage Collection", August/Sept. 1994
Wikipedia - 8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot
N.B.: the section Service during the War is partly derived from our articles depicting the various campaigns, battles and sieges.
Retrieved from "http://kronoskaf.com/syw/index.php?title=8th_Foot&oldid=16711"
British Land Unit


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WisBusiness: The Show
Home PRESS RELEASES Alliant Energy: Central Wisconsin Community Action Council awarded $5,000 flood assistance grant...
Alliant Energy: Central Wisconsin Community Action Council awarded $5,000 flood assistance grant from the Alliant Energy Foundation
Media Contact: Scott Reigstad (608) 458-3145
Dollars will help support organization's long-term housing recovery efforts
MADISON, WI – September 5, 2008 – The Alliant Energy Foundation is pleased to announce that the Central Wisconsin Community Action Council (CWCAC) has been awarded a $5,000 grant from its Rebuilding Our Communities Grant Program. The program was established to provide unrestricted grants to help non-profit groups throughout Alliant Energy's utility service territory with recovery from this summer's flooding.
"The Central Wisconsin Community Action Council provides critical housing and emergency services to those in need throughout five counties in southern Wisconsin, all of which were federal declared disaster areas during the June flooding," said Marthea Fox, Alliant Energy Foundation Executive Director. "The Alliant Energy Foundation wants to support them in their efforts so that they can continue assisting families affected by the flooding."
The CWCAC provides a variety of services and resources to low-income individuals and families that are living in poverty that focus on economic and social advancement and achieving self-sufficiency. One of their many opportunity programs is designed to develop and improve affordable housing accommodations through constructing apartment buildings, and assisting with cash for home purchasing and structure rehabilitation.
"While we maintained our delivery systems pretty well as the flooding occurred, we are now facing a long-term challenge as a result of all the flood damage throughout our area," said Fred Hebert, Executive Director of the CWCAC. "We have many families that either lost their living quarters or had extensive damage requiring replacement, rebuilding or rehabilitation. The Alliant Energy Foundation grant will definitely help us dedicate more resources to that critical issue and we appreciate their support very much."
The organization serves Adams, Columbia, Dodge, Juneau and Sauk Counties and has locations in each of the counties in which it operates. Office locations include the Wisconsin Dells headquarters and administrative and service offices in Adams, Portage, Beaver Dam, Mauston and Baraboo. The group has been in operation since 1966 and has a board of directors consisting of 15 members from each county in which it operates.
The Alliant Energy Foundation's Rebuilding Our Communities Grant Program was created in response to the extensive flooding across Alliant Energy's utility service territory in Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. The Foundation has allocated $1 million for the program and non-profit groups can apply through October 1st for $5,000, $10,000, $15,000 or $20,000 unrestricted flood recovery grants. Funds are to be used to help non-profits resume or maintain operations.
Non-profit groups can request funds by submitting a brief application form explaining their need and the population they serve that was affected by the flooding. A determination of grant eligibility will be made within 14 days of submission.
To be eligible, an organization must be a registered non-profit organization as defined by Section 501(c)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Service Code. Organizations are encouraged to review eligibility guidelines before applying. Government entities (i.e. schools and public libraries) are not eligible for this program.
Over the past ten years, the Alliant Energy Foundation has contributed more than $26 million across the Alliant Energy utility service territory to projects and organizations through a variety of programs and worthwhile initiatives. To learn more about the Foundation and its Rebuilding Our Communities Grant Program, please visit www.alliantenergy.com/foundation; or request an application from the Foundation office by calling (608) 458-4483.
The Alliant Energy Foundation is a philanthropic organization created by Alliant Energy Corp. and is operated as a separate entity led by its own board of directors. The Foundation is committed to making a positive difference in the communities where Alliant Energy employees, retirees and customers live and work. The Foundation, which is funded solely by the Alliant Energy shareowners, seeks to further the corporation's goal of being a good corporate citizen and contributing member of society.
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Home / "robot judge" / Academy of European Law / algocracy / Artificial Intelligence / blockchain / competition law / copyright / Neil Wilkof / Conference Report: "Artificial Intelligence: Challenges for Intellectual Property Law"
Conference Report: "Artificial Intelligence: Challenges for Intellectual Property Law"
Neil Wilkof Thursday, November 07, 2019 - "robot judge", Academy of European Law, algocracy, Artificial Intelligence, blockchain, competition law, copyright, Neil Wilkof
Kat friend Rachel Platts provides IPKat readers with a summary of the recent conference on Artificial Intelligence: Challenges for Intellectual Property Law.
On 17 and 18 October 2019, the Academy of European Law (ERA) hosted a conference in Brussels on "Artificial Intelligence: Challenges for Intellectual Property Law". The conference focused on how Artificial Intelligence is, or will impact, on various aspects of IP law.
Day 1, Session 1: Artificial Intelligence at the crossroads
The first presentation, by Robert Kroplewski (solicitor and member of a high-level group of experts on artificial intelligence), discussed the conceptual view of AI and the requirements of the inputs and outputs of such a system. The key take home point from this discussion was the need for AI to be lawful, ethical and trustworthy, all of which will largely stem from the data which are input into the AI system itself. Further discussed was whether there is IP ownership of the data used as the input.
Alain Strowel (Lawyer and Professor of IP and Media Law, Catholic University of Louvain and University Saint-Louis) further discussed the input and output of AI systems, with a focus on the output. What protection is granted to the content generated by an AI system, such as authorship and ownership?
The answer to this question was considered in relation to s178 CDPA--
'computer generated' in relation to a work, means that the work is generated by a computer in circumstances such that there is no human involvement'.
The effect on authorship is then considered under s9(3) CDPA--
'the author shall be taken to be the person by whom the arrangements necessary for the creation of the work are undertaken.'
The critical question here is, does AI have human involvement to be granted authorship under UK copyright law? After all, the data which are input into the AI system is usually done so by a human. Strowel was keen to express that he was not in favour of the extension of copyright to cover AI generated works, as it would create too many rights which would ultimately hinder human creativity and innovation.
Cornelia Kutterer (Senior Director, Legal Affairs, Microsoft) discussed AI from an industry perspective and noted some challenges that Microsoft has encountered. The main challenge appeared to be ethics, namely how to make sure that the decisions generated by AI were ethical and fair. Since AI is dependent on the data supplied, if there is discrimination or bias in the data, then AI decisions and outputs may also contain the same discrimination or bias.
Session 2: Protecting Artificial Intelligence through industrial property law
This session, presented by Doris Thums from the European Patent Office, focused on the patentability of AI inventions. Thums raised issues that pose challenges to the patentability of AI inventions, such as obviousness (it may be difficult to define the skilled person). It was suggested that the skilled person can be part of a team, so an AI program could be one of these persons. Further, when considering inventions created by AI, at present the human is not completely removed from the inventive process, such as the inputting data, setting parameters, or combining the results.
In considering whether the EPC and the EPO are equipped to handle the changes which AI and AI-generated inventions may bring, Thums was optimistic. She noted that existing legal norms and their interpretation are adaptable and case law reflects this. The results of case law has a direct impact on practice manuals and examination methods.
Also included in this session was brief input from Taliah Walklett from Nokia (who was quick to dispel common belief that Nokia were no longer around, they simply no longer make mobile phones anymore!), providing an industry perspective on patentability issues. In Walklett's experience, since AI inventions continue to have a reasonable degree of human input, ownership issues have not arisen in practice. Further, challenges were currently being faced in searching the prior art and how to future-proof patents are being filed now.
After lunch, Vincent Cassiers (Lecturer, UC Louvain) discussed trade secrets in relation to AI under EU law. Discussion centered on the Trade Secrets Directive and how this has impacted on AI inventions, concluding that trying to control the input of AI and the algorithms seemed impractical in the face of the pace of the evolving technology. Instead, the focus should be on an obligation to explain how the processing works and how the decision is taken by the AI to allow transparency.
Session 3: Protecting Artificial Intelligence under EU copyright law
Gerald Spindler (Professor of Civil, Commercial, Business, Multimedia and Telecommunications Law, Göttingen) provided an interesting presentation on copyright law for AI generated creative works. As touched on previously, a key aspect is authorship. Whether copyright can be attributed to an AI generated work will depend on the amount of input from an author/artist in addition to the data input as AI programs are only as good as the data they are trained on.
The level of training which an AI is trained on is a legal 'grey-zone'. For example, the Rembrandt-project (details here) where an AI program was trained on 346 Rembrandt paintings created an entirely 'new' Rembrandt painting. Thus, given the training data was all Rembrandt paintings, was the AI generated work authored by Rembrandt, or the AI?
Session 4: The increasing use of blockchain technologies in the intellectual property world
The last presentation of the day was given by Pascal Asselot (Co-founder and Managing Director of IPwe.com), who focused mainly on the uses of blockchain technology in various IP contexts. The speaker centered on how blockchain would be beneficial in keeping the records systems for trade marks and patents up to date, especially when there have been changes in details or ownership and the information takes a while to filter through the systems. The implication was, with blockchain, this would be automatic.
Day 2, Session 1: Algorithms, predictive decisions and intellectual property law
The second day kicked off with a thought-provoking talk from Florence G'sell (Professor of Private Law, University of Lorraine) on what kind of legal decisions should be delegated to AI; should we have "AI judges" for relatively simple matters? What safeguards should be put in place to ensure that the decisions are ethical and fair?
The concept of algocracy, where decisions are made by AI, machines and code rather than humans, was discussed and whether such decisions would impede human freedom. Algocracy is already filtering into the legal system, for example in Estonia there is a 'robot judge' used for small claims decisions.
The next session, by Lee Curtis (partner at HGF Limited), discussed the predictive behaviours of AI when considered in a trade mark context. The key issue raised focused on how AI can affect the purchasing decision for consumers. A brief history of how consumers have chosen products was provided, starting with the 1920's shop assistants to current predictive shopping models, such as Amazon, which predict what items the consumer wants and provides the information upfront.
The discussion moved on to whether trade mark law was ready for the impact of AI, having regard to core concepts such as 'imperfect recollection', 'phonetic, conceptual and visual comparison' and 'confusion', all of which are very much human behaviours.
Session 2: The use of big data in Artificial Intelligence: between innovation, intellectual property protection and competition law
The last session of the conference was presented by Matthias Leistner (Professor for Civil Law and IP with Information and IT Law at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich) and Virginie Fossoul (Legal and Policy Officer, European Commission), and discussed the impact of big data and improving access to the data without infringing IP rights.
Leistner commented on whether there would be sufficient creativity in data processed by algorithms (and thus AI programs), such that copyright could apply. Attention was directed to possible limitations and exceptions for copyright protection in light of the Text and Data Mining Directive.
Fossoul commented on the fact that the link between IP and data is not always clear cut or obvious, but that there is a need for IP policy and data policy which is coherent between all countries and member states. At the moment, there is no need for new IP rights specifically in relation to data.
Picture on upper left by Scientus and is licensed under BSDU.
Picture on left courtesy of Rachel Platts.
Picture on lower left by ITU Pictures and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.
Conference Report: "Artificial Intelligence: Challenges for Intellectual Property Law" Reviewed by Neil Wilkof on Thursday, November 07, 2019 Rating: 5
Neil Wilkof
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