Sandti, meaning tranquility, peace, and calmness, is the vision of Tammy Dawson and Dr. Will Harrelson. Our goal is to provide a unique approach to therapeutic massage and bodywork. All of our therapists are trained to the highest standards and are committed to continuing education.
Decorated beautifully in an eastern theme, our shop provides a relaxing and calming environment for our clients. After your first visit, you will realize the promise Sandti Massage and Bodywork has to offer, feeling calm, relaxed, and renewed. At Sandti we focus on the relaxation and stress reduction as well as maintenance and improvement of your overall health.
We are located in a quiet and peaceful corner in the Village of Cedars. Sandti offers comfortable treatment rooms and a relaxing atmosphere. We offer traditional and specialty therapies including, Therapeutic Massage, Ashiatsu Oriental Bar Therapy®, Hot Stone Massage, Thai Massage, and integrated therapies tailored to each client.


A hundred dollars was the most a couple from Waterford had ever won from the lottery. But when news came out that someone from their area won half of the $42 million jackpot, Stephanie Blake became so excited she woke up her husband Kevin. He had bought a ticket for the Oct. 13th draw.
She was just excited about someone in their area winning that they were stunned when they realized they were the winners. The numbers Kevin cobbled from their birthdays and their daughter's birthdays won!
They spent a sleepless night after which they went right back to work. And they kept silent about their lottery success, fearing they's sound crazy. It also gave them time to calm down and think.
When they went to the lottery offices to make their claim, they chose a cash option that pays a single lump sum amount of $13 million before taxes of $9 million net of taxes.
For now they have no clear plans for the money. What they know is that both want to keep on working. Retirement may also come a lot and will be very comfortable.


text:
Negative ads way out of line t Loophole for campaign advertising must be closed
If you are as appalled as we are at recent negative campaign ads on television — especially those targeting Rep. Marilyn Musgrave — here's the culprit: 527.
Section 527 allows unidentified organizations — tax-exempt, mind you — to raise funds for the purpose of campaigning.
It's a loophole in the federal campaign finance act that's big enough to drive a herd of Weld County angus through.
Money raised by these groups is not monitored nor do the groups have to clearly identify themselves. Yet millions of dollars have gone into campaign efforts — especially TV advertisements — to change an election, literally at any cost.
A blatant example are the recent commercials in which an actress dressed to look like Musgrave engages in various outrageous acts. One, for example, shows the woman standing over an open casket and removing a watch from the deceased's arm.
Repulsive. Disturbing. Deplorable.
This is not what campaigning should be about. Voters should be learning about the issues and what the candidates say they will do to bring about positive change.
Negative tactics are nothing new to American politics. Mudslinging has been an inherent part of election strategies in the United States for nearly two centuries. The approach was famously used during the 1828 presidential campaign when President John Quincy Adams and candidate Gen. Andrew Jackson hurled unseemly accusations at each other: pimp, adulterer, alcoholic, illiterate and brawler, to name a few.
A casket played a part in that campaign, too. A coffin shown on handbills was designed to reveal Jackson "as a crazed killer, executing soldiers under his command who had deserted," according to the Web site The American President, http://www.historywise.com/lp_goodolddays.htm.
So much for this year's election season bringing us to a more civilized state.
The fact is, Congress must work to close the 527 loophole. These ads — and the organizations that fund them — do nothing more than bring the democratic process to a hideous level. And likely steer voters in the opposite direction to what is intended.
How can voters make logical, concrete decisions when they're outright offended by what they've just seen on TV?
No matter whether you support or oppose Musgrave, the recent ads are appalling. And this isn't the only candidate to take a hit; Musgrave's opponent, Stan Matsunaka, as well as President Bush and Sen. John Kerry have fallen prey to 527 ads. The Swift Boat veterans' agenda originated with 527s.
Congress must find a way to regulate these political groups. Demand accountability. Require reporting to show who's behind the campaign. Provide a money trail to assure accuracy and reveal any link to the candidates. And audit the reports.
The time has come to bring this political trend out of the 19th century. We're in favor of spirited civility founded on truth and principle.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Gerold Weiss
M, d. before November 2004
Father* Louis S. Weiss b. 3 Feb 1916, d. 6 Nov 2004
Mother* Teresa M. Bindl b. c 1917, d. 5 Jan 1980
Gerold Weiss was the son of Louis S. Weiss and Teresa M. Bindl.
Gerold Weiss died before November 2004.
James Weiss
James Weiss was the son of Louis S. Weiss and Teresa M. Bindl.
James Weiss died before November 2004.
Zeno Weiss
M, b. 17 June 1903, d. 8 August 1970
Father* Joseph Herman Weiss b. 24 Feb 1874, d. a 1930
Mother* Mary Schwartz b. c 1883, d. a 1930
Zeno Weiss was born on 17 June 1903 at Wisconsin.
He was the son of Joseph Herman Weiss and Mary Schwartz.
Zeno Weiss married Esther (?) circa 1928.
Zeno Weiss died on 8 August 1970 at age 67.
Children of Zeno Weiss and Esther (?)
Bernard J. Weiss b. 4 Jan 1929, d. 28 Nov 2000
Melvin J. Weiss+ b. 29 Mar 1931, d. 3 Mar 2011
Joseph Weiss Jr.
M, b. circa 1905, d. 29 March 1969
Name Variation Joseph Weiss Jr. was also known as Sep.
Joseph Weiss Jr. was born circa 1905 at Wisconsin.
Joseph Weiss Jr. married Alma M. Dischler, daughter of John Baptist Dischler and Mary K. Brickl, on 1 May 1935.
Joseph Weiss Jr. died on 29 March 1969.
John L. Weiss
M, b. 30 November 1909, d. 6 March 1970
Name Variation John L. Weiss was also known as Jack.
John L. Weiss married unknown (?).
John L. Weiss was born on 30 November 1909 at Wisconsin.
John L. Weiss died on 6 March 1970 at Dane, Wisconsin, at age 60.
Edmund B. Weiss
M, b. 25 August 1918, d. 26 June 1985
Name Variation Edmund B. Weiss was also known as Ed.
Edmund B. Weiss was born on 25 August 1918 at Wisconsin.
Edmund B. Weiss died on 26 June 1985 at Sauk, Wisconsin, at age 66.
Martina Mary Weiss
F, b. 1 May 1907, d. 20 April 1992
Married Name after 1930 As of after 1930,her married name was Rieder.
Martina Mary Weiss was born on 1 May 1907 at Wisconsin.
She was the daughter of Joseph Herman Weiss and Mary Schwartz.
Martina Mary Weiss died on 20 April 1992 at Sauk, Wisconsin, at age 84.
Lucy Christina Weiss
F, b. 28 November 1911, d. 29 April 1986
Married Name Her married name was Ringelstetter.
Lucy Christina Weiss married Alphonse Ringelstetter, son of Andrew Ringelstetter and Catherine Pfeiffer.
Lucy Christina Weiss was born on 28 November 1911 at Wisconsin.
Lucy Christina Weiss died on 29 April 1986 at Sauk, Wisconsin, at age 74.
Alphonse Ringelstetter
M, b. 1 March 1911, d. 17 February 1982
Father* Andrew Ringelstetter b. 17 Oct 1857, d. 18 Jul 1922
Mother* Catherine Pfeiffer b. 9 Jul 1866, d. 1952
Alphonse Ringelstetter married Lucy Christina Weiss, daughter of Joseph Herman Weiss and Mary Schwartz.
Alphonse Ringelstetter was born on 1 March 1911 at Wisconsin.
He was the son of Andrew Ringelstetter and Catherine Pfeiffer.
Alphonse Ringelstetter died on 17 February 1982 at Wisconsin at age 70.
12 April 1930 Troy, Sauk, Wisconsin Alphonse Ringelstetter was listed as a son in Catherine Pfeiffer's household on the 1930 Census at Troy, Sauk, Wisconsin.1
[S250] U.S. Federal Census 1930 U.S. Federal Census, by Ancestry.com, Year: 1930; Census Place: Troy, Sauk, Wisconsin; Roll: 2609; Page: 6A; Enumeration District: 37; Image: 482.0.
Leona E. Paulus
F, b. 5 May 1909, d. 28 May 1989
Father* George J. Paulus b. 30 Jul 1881, d. 1959
Mother* Anna T. Alt b. Jun 1883, d. 1963
Name Variation Leona E. Paulus was also known as Leona M.
Married Name Her married name was Lechner.
Leona E. Paulus married Joe Lechner.
Leona E. Paulus was born on 5 May 1909 at Wisconsin.
She was the daughter of George J. Paulus and Anna T. Alt.
Leona E. Paulus died on 28 May 1989 at age 80.
Leona E. Paulus obtained US Social Security Card at Wisconsin; last residence Plain, Sauk, Wisconsin.
Mary Schwartz
F, b. circa 1883, d. after 1930
Father* John Baptist Schwartz b. Dec 1842, d. a 1900
Mother* Walburg (?) b. Apr 1844, d. a 1900
Married Name circa 1902 As of circa 1902,her married name was Weiss.
Mary Schwartz was born circa 1883 at Wisconsin.
She was the daughter of John Baptist Schwartz and Walburg (?).
Mary Schwartz married Joseph Herman Weiss circa 1902.
Mary Schwartz died after 1930.
June 1900 Spring Green, Sauk, Wisconsin Mary Schwartz was listed as a daughter in John Baptist Schwartz's household on the 1900 Census at Spring Green, Sauk, Wisconsin.1
Children of Mary Schwartz and Joseph Herman Weiss
Zeno Weiss+ b. 17 Jun 1903, d. 8 Aug 1970
Joseph Weiss Jr. b. c 1905, d. 29 Mar 1969
Martina Mary Weiss b. 1 May 1907, d. 20 Apr 1992
John L. Weiss+ b. 30 Nov 1909, d. 6 Mar 1970
Lucy Christina Weiss b. 28 Nov 1911, d. 29 Apr 1986
Louis S. Weiss+ b. 3 Feb 1916, d. 6 Nov 2004
Edmund B. Weiss b. 25 Aug 1918, d. 26 Jun 1985
Wilfred R. Weiss+ b. 24 Mar 1922, d. 2 Sep 2006
[S245] U.S. Federal Census 1900 U.S. Federal Census, by Ancestry.com, Year: 1900; Census Place: Spring Green, Sauk, Wisconsin; Roll: 1816; Page: 6B; Enumeration District: 0145; FHL microfilm: 1241816.
Jacob J. Hess
M, b. 15 June 1911, d. 25 January 1957
Father* John Jacob Hess b. Mar 1869, d. 27 Feb 1945
Mother* Louisa Aloysious Needham b. 27 Apr 1881, d. 1977
Name Variation Jacob J. Hess was also known as Jake.
Jacob J. Hess was born on 15 June 1911.
He was the son of John Jacob Hess and Louisa Aloysious Needham.
Jacob J. Hess married Agnes M. Huebsch, daughter of Frank John Huebsch and Myrtle Davison, on 21 April 1931.
Jacob J. Hess died on 25 January 1957 at age 45.
Child of Jacob J. Hess and Agnes M. Huebsch
Edward L. Hess+ b. 12 Sep 1931, d. 4 Nov 2011
Marvin Roos
M, d. before October 2009
Father* Marvin Joseph Roos d. 14 Jun 2009
Mother* Clara Margaret Alt b. 27 Nov 1914, d. 13 Oct 2009
Marvin Roos was the son of Marvin Joseph Roos and Clara Margaret Alt.
Marvin Roos died before October 2009.
Steve Roos
Steve Roos was the son of Marvin Joseph Roos and Clara Margaret Alt.
Steve Roos died before October 2009.
Viola A. Pronold
F, b. 1 April 1913, d. 9 December 2009
Father* Anton Pronold b. c 1886
Mother* Lillian Hemberger b. 10 Jan 1890, d. 12 Jul 1990
Married Name 14 April 1934 As of 14 April 1934,her married name was Alt.
Viola A. Pronold was born on 1 April 1913 at Sauk, Wisconsin.
She was the daughter of Anton Pronold and Lillian Hemberger.
Viola A. Pronold married Herbert Alt, son of Robert Alt and Anna Frances Ringelstetter, on 14 April 1934.
Viola A. Pronold died on 9 December 2009 at age 96 Viola Alt age 96 of Spring Green passed away on Wednesday, December 9, 2009 at the Meadows Assisted Living in Spring Green. She was born in Plain on April 1, 1913 to Tony and Lillian (Hemberger) Pronold. She attended St. Luke's Catholic School through 8th grade, then stayed home to help on the family farm when her father became ill. She was married to Herbert Alt on April 14, 1934. They farmed in Black Hawk, Merrimac and then Plain when their Merrimac farm was purchased by the Badger Plant. Viola was a hard worker on the farm helping to care for the animals and chickens for many years while raising 7 children. They retired in 1971 and moved to a farm in Wyoming Valley. In 981 they moved into Spring Green where they delivered Meals on Wheels until 1994. After retiring from farming, she traveled extensively throughout the United States including Alaska and Hawaii. The love of her family was very important to her, the visits, phone calls, cards, pictures and letters meant a great deal to her. Viola was a member of St. Luke's Catholic Church until moving to Wyoming Valley, then became a member of St. John's Catholic Church in Spring Green. Survivors include 5 sons, Frederick (JoAnn) Alt of Waterford, Michigan, James (Lawana) Alt of Cazenovia, Kenneth (Penny) Alt of Fairbanks, Alaska, Roger (Sandi) Alt of Mazomanie and Steve Alt of Chicago, 2 daughters, Mary Ann (Kenneth) Hanusa of Prairie du Sac and Barbara (William) Forseth of Warrens, 3 sisters, Jean (Jack) Kinsman of LaValle, Florence Knox of Madison and Doris (Gene) Alt of Middleton, 2 sisters-in-law, Delores Pronold of Middleton and Darlene Pronold of Visalia, California, 17 grandchildren, 22 great grandchildren, a special niece and godchild, Pat Pulvermacher, many other relatives and friends. She was preceded in death by her husband, Herbert on April 10, 1996, 5 brothers, Richard, Theodore, Raymond, and Phillip Pronold and an infant brother, 3 sisters, an infant Roseanne Pronold, Muriel Hetzel and Irene Alt, 3 brothers-in-law, Leo Hetzel, James Knox and Leonard Alt, a grandchild, William Alt and a great grandchild, Nikki Alt. A Mass of Christian Burial was held on Saturday, December 12, 2009 at 11:00A.M. at St. John's Catholic Church in Spring Green. Fr. Mike Resop officiated with burial in the church cemetery.
Anton Pronold
Name Variation Anton Pronold was also known as Tony.
Anton Pronold married Lillian Hemberger, daughter of Ferdinand Hemberger and Anna Margaret Hutter.
Anton Pronold was born circa 1886 at Wisconsin.
Children of Anton Pronold and Lillian Hemberger
Rose Ann Pronold
(?) Pronold
Viola A. Pronold+ b. 1 Apr 1913, d. 9 Dec 2009
Richard Pronold b. 6 May 1914, d. Nov 1986
Muriel A. Pronold b. 22 Jan 1916, d. 5 Aug 1995
Irene Mathilda Pronold+ b. 24 Jul 1917, d. 12 Oct 2006
Theodore R. Pronold b. 26 Mar 1919, d. 11 Oct 2005
Raymond J. Pronold b. 24 Jul 1922, d. 2 Aug 1999
Phillip A. Pronold b. 11 Mar 1924, d. 16 Jun 2000
Jean Pronold b. c 1932
Lillian Hemberger
F, b. 10 January 1890, d. 12 July 1990
Father* Ferdinand Hemberger b. Oct 1867, d. 1949
Mother* Anna Margaret Hutter b. 1 Sep 1866, d. 5 Mar 1937
Name Variation Lillian Hemberger was also known as Lillie.
Married Name Her married name was Pronold.
Lillian Hemberger married Anton Pronold.
Lillian Hemberger was born on 10 January 1890 at Wisconsin.
She was the daughter of Ferdinand Hemberger and Anna Margaret Hutter.
Lillian Hemberger died on 12 July 1990 at age 100.
1900 Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin Lillian Hemberger was listed as a daughter in Ferdinand Hemberger's household on the 1900 Census at Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin.1
Children of Lillian Hemberger and Anton Pronold
[S245] U.S. Federal Census 1900 U.S. Federal Census, by Ancestry.com, Year: 1900; Census Place: Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin; Page: 8; Enumeration District: 0134.
[S244] U.S. Federal Census 1910 U.S. Federal Census, by Ancestry.com, Year: 1910; Census Place: Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin; Roll: T624_1736; Page: 6A; Enumeration District: 0115; FHL microfilm: 1375749.
Jean Pronold
Married Name Her married name was Kinsman.
Jean Pronold was born circa 1932 at Wisconsin.
James Knox
James Knox died before October 2006.
Richard Pronold
M, b. 6 May 1914, d. November 1986
Richard Pronold was born on 6 May 1914.
He was the son of Anton Pronold and Lillian Hemberger.
Richard Pronold died in November 1986 at age 72.
Theodore R. Pronold
M, b. 26 March 1919, d. 11 October 2005
Theodore R. Pronold was born on 26 March 1919.
Theodore R. Pronold died on 11 October 2005 at age 86.
Raymond J. Pronold
M, b. 24 July 1922, d. 2 August 1999
Raymond J. Pronold was born on 24 July 1922 at Wisconsin.
Raymond J. Pronold died on 2 August 1999 at age 77.
Phillip A. Pronold
Phillip A. Pronold was born on 11 March 1924 at Wisconsin.
Phillip A. Pronold died on 16 June 2000 at age 76.
Muriel A. Pronold
F, b. 22 January 1916, d. 5 August 1995
Married Name Her married name was Hetzel.
Muriel A. Pronold married Leo George Hetzel, son of John Hetzel and Barbara Pfeiffer.
Muriel A. Pronold was born on 22 January 1916.
Muriel A. Pronold died on 5 August 1995 at age 79.
Irene Mathilda Pronold
F, b. 24 July 1917, d. 12 October 2006
Married Name 27 July 1937 As of 27 July 1937,her married name was Alt.
Irene Mathilda Pronold was born on 24 July 1917 at Sauk, Wisconsin.
Irene Mathilda Pronold married Leonard Alt, son of Robert Alt and Anna Frances Ringelstetter, on 27 July 1937.
Irene Mathilda Pronold died on 12 October 2006 at age 89 Longtime Roxbury and Sauk City resident, Irene Alt, died peacefully on Thursday, Oct. 12, 2006, surrounded by her loving family. Irene Mathilda Pronold was born in Plain, to Anton and Lillian (Hemberger) Pronold on July 24, 1917. She attended St. Luke's Parochial School in Plain, and married Leonard Alt on July 27, 1937, in St. Luke's Catholic Church in Plain. He preceded her in death on Feb. 28, 1994. She will be buried next to him in St. Norbert's Cemetery, Roxbury. They moved to Roxbury in 1959. She had bountiful gardens and canned many fruits and vegetables, and was a wonderful cook. In later years, she enjoyed going to Black Earth for the Senior Center activities. There, at the age of 65, she took up oil-painting classes at which she did remarkably well. She moved to the Madison Street Apartments in Sauk City several years ago. In her own apartment she enjoyed living independently until several weeks ago, keeping busy with activities, train dominoes, card playing, and lunches with her friends in the Senior Center. One of her many hobbies was scrap booking, and she was an avid reader. She treasured her family, friends, flowers and gardens. She delighted in watching and feeding the birds and had parakeets for many years. She enjoyed numerous trips with her children and saw a lot of the United States with them. She was a wonderful mother, grandmother and great-grandmother, and friend to many. We thank her for how she touched all of our lives. She will continue to be an inspiration to us all. She is survived by her loving children: five sons, Gerald (Verna) Alt of Prairie du Sac, Wilfred (Marsha) Alt of Sauk City, Thomas (Peggy) Alt of Sauk City, Ronald (Connie) Alt of Greensboro, N.C. and Duane Alt of Sauk City and seven daughters, Patricia (Conrad) Pulvermacher of Roxbury, Marilyn (Duane) Brickl of Prairie du Sac, Judith (Karl) Hacker of Verona, Roberta (Arthur) Beal of Oakland, Ark., Karen (Michael) Praksti of Verona, Kathleen (Steven) Thimling of Sauk City and Sharon (Alan) VonBehren of Prairie du Sac. She took great pride in her large family, which also included 27 grandchildren, 11 step-grandchildren, and 20 great-grandchildren. She is further survived by four sisters, Viola Alt, Florence Knox, Jean (Jack) Kinsman and Doris (Eugene) Alt; two sisters-in-law, Dolores Pronold and Darlene Pronold; and many other relatives and friends. She was preceded in death by her parents; five brothers, Richard, Theodore, Phillip, Raymond and an infant brother; two sisters, Muriel Hetzel and an infant sister, Rose Ann; and three brothers-in-law, Herbert Alt, Leo Hetzel and James Knox. A Mass of Christian Burial will be held at ST. NORBERT'S CATHOLIC CHURCH, Roxbury, at 11 a.m. on Monday, Oct. 16, 2006, with Father LaVerne Meier officiating. Burial will follow in St. Norbert's ….
3 May 1940 Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin Irene Mathilda Pronold was listed as wife in Leonard Alt's household on the 1940 Census at Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin.1
[S373] U.S. Federal Census 1940 U.S. Federal Census, by Ancestry.com, Year: 1940; Census Place: Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin; Roll: T627_4523; Page: 11B; Enumeration District: 56-14.
Phillip Norland
M, d. before 2016
Phillip Norland died before 2016.
Elmer J. Heiser
M, b. 11 March 1934, d. 3 December 2014
Father* Jacob E. Heiser b. 12 Jan 1895, d. 9 Feb 1981
Mother* Amelia Dischler b. Jun 1894, d. Sep 1979
Elmer J. Heiser was born on 11 March 1934 at Wisconsin.
He was the son of Jacob E. Heiser and Amelia Dischler.
Elmer J. Heiser died on 3 December 2014 at age 80 Elmer J. "Big E" Heiser, age 80, died at home with his wife of 55 years, Myrna (Coldwell) Heiser, at his side, on Wednesday, Dec. 3, 2014. He was born on March 11, 1934, in Plain. He is survived by his daughter, Susan M. Heiser; grandson, Jamison R. Heiser; sisters, Florentine Ruhland and Rita Sherrer; and many nieces and nephews. Elmer enjoyed bicycle trips with his friends, fishing, golfing, traveling, bowling, playing Sheepshead, his Fantasy Baseball team and in recent years, geocaching. Elmer was inducted into the Madison Bowling Hall of Fame on Aug. 17, 1989, and he was one of the best fast pitch softball shortstops in the Madison area. Elmer worked at American Family Insurance Company for 43 years. He served in the U.S. Army from June, 1955 until June, 1957. Elmer was preceded in death by his parents, Jacob and Amelia (Dischler) Heiser; sister, Irene, her husband, Alfred "Fritz" Ruhland; brothers, Wilbert and Cyril Heiser; and brothers-in-law, John Ruhland and Robert Sherrer. A Mass of Christian Burial will be held at ST. MARY OF THE LAKE CATHOLIC CHURCH, 5460 Mary Lake Road, Westport, on Friday, Dec. 12, 2014, at 2 p.m., with Monsignor James Gunn officiating. Burial will follow at St. Mary of the Lake Catholic Cemetery in Westport. Visitation will be held at the church on Friday from 1 p.m. until the time of the Mass. In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to Heartland Hospice Memorial Fund, St. Mary of the Lake Catholic Church, or JDRF.
Robert Sherrer
M, d. before December 2014
Name Variation Robert Sherrer was also known as Bob.
Robert Sherrer died before December 2014.
Florentine T. Heiser
Name Variation Florentine T. Heiser was also known as Flo.
Married Name 24 November 1938 As of 24 November 1938,her married name was Ruhland.
Florentine T. Heiser was born on 21 October 1920 at Wisconsin.
She was the daughter of Jacob E. Heiser and Amelia Dischler.
Florentine T. Heiser married John Henry Ruhland Jr., son of John C. Ruhland and Elizabeth Hartl, on 24 November 1938.
Florentine T. Heiser died on 13 March 2015 at Wisconsin at age 94 Florentine "Flo" T. Ruhland, age 94, of Plain passed away on Friday, March 13, 2015 at Maplewood Sauk Prairie. She was born on October 21, 1920 in the Town of Franklin, Sauk County, WI. to Jacob E. and Emelia (Dischler) Heiser. She married John H. Ruhland on November 24, 1938 at St. Luke Catholic Church in Plain, and they had 10 children. Flo's faith was a very important part of her life. For many years, she sewed the Baptismal gowns for St. Luke Parish. Flo took great pride in raising her family including caring for her infant son, David, for four years who was born with spina bifida. Flo was a CNA at Maplewood and Greenway Manor Nursing Homes. Her home was always open to family members and friends, and it was a favorite gathering place for the neighborhood children. Flo was an avid quilter and seamstress. She hand stitched a queen-size quilt for each of her 24 grandchildren. Flo is survived by her children, Donna Hussin, Jim (Sue), Marv (Kathy), Shirley (Bill) Bremer, Karen (Jim) Krey, Jean (Ron) Giese, Julie (Michael) Carr, Sheila Ruhland, and Mary (Daniel Nwagwu). She is also survived by 24 grandchildren, 19 great grandchildren, her sister, Rita Sherrer and sisters-in-law, Dorothy Ann and Myrna Heiser, as well as Ruhland sisters-in-law and brothers-in-law, numerous nieces and nephews. She was preceded in death by her husband, John, on November 20, 2006, her son, David in 1952, sons-in-law Gerald Kissinger and David Hussin, her brothers Wilbert, Cyril, and Elmer, sister Irene, and brothers-in-law Alfred Ruhland and Bob Sherrer. A Mass of Christian burial will be held on Tuesday, March 17, 2015 at St. Luke Catholic Church in Plain at 11:00 AM. Father Mike Resop will officiate with burial in the church cemetery. Visitation will be held at the church from 10:00 AM until the time of service. In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to St. Luke Catholic Church, St. Luke Endowment or the Apostolate to the Handicapped. The family would like to thank Dr. Barclay Schultz, Fr. Mike, Maplewood Sauk Prairie, Maplewood Village and Agrace for the care given to Flo over the past several years. A special thank you to Ralph and Pat Ruhland for the hours of visits to our mother. The Richardson-Stafford Funeral Home in Spring Green is assisting the family with the arrangements.
25 April 1930 Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin Florentine T. Heiser was listed as a daughter in Jacob E. Heiser's household on the 1930 Census at Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin.1
Child of Florentine T. Heiser and John Henry Ruhland Jr.
David John Ruhland b. 1948, d. 1952
[S250] U.S. Federal Census 1930 U.S. Federal Census, by Ancestry.com, Year: 1930; Census Place: Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin; Roll: 2609; Page: 6B; Enumeration District: 0013; Image: 120.0; FHL microfilm: 2342343.
John Henry Ruhland Jr.
M, b. 13 July 1915, d. 20 November 2006
Father* John C. Ruhland b. Jun 1887
Mother* Elizabeth Hartl b. Jun 1892
John Henry Ruhland Jr. was born on 13 July 1915 at Wisconsin.
He was the son of John C. Ruhland and Elizabeth Hartl.
John Henry Ruhland Jr. married Florentine T. Heiser, daughter of Jacob E. Heiser and Amelia Dischler, on 24 November 1938.
John Henry Ruhland Jr. died on 20 November 2006 at age 91 John H. Ruhland, age 91, of Plain, passed away on Monday, November 20, 2006, at the Maplewood Nursing Home in Sauk City from a short battle with cancer.
He was born on July 13, 1915, in Plain, the son of John C. and Elizabeth (Hartl) Ruhland. He married the former Florentine T. Heiser on November 24, 1938, at St. Luke's Catholic Church in Plain and they had ten children.
John worked for the Town of Franklin on their road maintenance crew from 1941 until 1953. He was hired in the spring of 1953 by Ed Kraemer and Sons as a large equipment operator and worked for them until he retired in 1981.
He served his community for over 50 years as a volunteer fireman for the Plain Fire Department. He loved woodworking and a good game of euchre or sheepshead.
He enjoyed fishing and was an avid turkey and deer hunter. He could fix almost anything.
John is survived by his wife, Florentine Ruhland, of 68 years, of Sauk City; nine children, Donna Hussin of Verona, Jim (Sue) of Madison, Marvin (Kathy) of Cross Plains, Shirley (Bill) Bremer of Madison, Karen (Jim) Krey of Spring Green, Jean (Ron) Giese of rural Spring Green, Julie (Michael) Carr of Bloomington, Minn., Sheila Ruhland of Astoria, Ore., and Mary Ruhland of Fitchburg; 24 grandchildren; ten great-grandchildren; four brothers, Ray (Darlene), Francis, Charlie (Sally), and Ralph (Pat); two sisters, Bernadine Heimbecker and Lorraine (Dean) Runyan; and numerous nieces and nephews.
He was preceded in death by a son, David, in 1952; two sons-in-law, Gerald Kissinger and David Hussin; two brothers, Sylvester and Alfred; three sisters, Amelia Paulus, Elizabeth and Rose Ruhland; three brothers-in-law, Bob Heimbecker, Herb Paulus, and Wilbur Heiser; and a sister-in-law, Irene Ruhland.
A Mass of Christian Burial will be held on Friday, November 24, 2006, at ST. LUKE'S CATHOLIC CHURCH in Plain at 3 p.m. Father Mike Resop will officiate with burial in the church cemetery.
23 January 1920 Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin John Henry Ruhland Jr. was listed as a son in John C. Ruhland's household on the 1920 Census at Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin.1
25 April 1930 Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin John Henry Ruhland Jr. was listed as a son in John C. Ruhland's household on the 1930 Census at Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin.2
John Henry Ruhland Jr. obtained US Social Security Card at Wisconsin; last residence Sauk City, Sauk, Wisconsin.
Child of John Henry Ruhland Jr. and Florentine T. Heiser
[S243] U.S. Federal Census 1920 U.S. Federal Census, by Ancestry.com, Year: 1920;Census Place: Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin; Roll: T625_2015; Page: 10A; Enumeration District: 164; Image: 88.
[S250] U.S. Federal Census 1930 U.S. Federal Census, by Ancestry.com, Year: 1930; Census Place: Franklin, Sauk, Wisconsin; Roll: 2609; Page: 6B; Enumeration District: 13; Image: 120.0.


Definition at line 12 of file atom.c.
Definition at line 526 of file atom.c.
Referenced by test_local_add_atom(), test_local_error_handling(), test_local_get_atom_name(), and WDML_CreateString().
Definition at line 536 of file atom.c.
Referenced by test_local_add_atom(), test_local_error_handling(), test_local_get_atom_name(), UXTHEME_SetWindowProperty(), and WDML_CreateString().
Definition at line 546 of file atom.c.
Referenced by UXTHEME_SetWindowProperty(), and WDML_DecHSZ().
Definition at line 556 of file atom.c.
Referenced by test_DdeCreateStringHandleW(), test_local_add_atom(), test_local_error_handling(), and test_RegisterClipboardFormatA().
Definition at line 566 of file atom.c.
Referenced by test_DdeCreateStringHandleW(), test_local_add_atom(), and test_local_error_handling().
Definition at line 577 of file atom.c.
Referenced by test_local_get_atom_name(), test_RegisterClipboardFormatA(), and WDML_QueryString().
Definition at line 589 of file atom.c.
Referenced by DdeCmpStringHandles(), DdeCreateDataHandle(), test_local_get_atom_name(), UXTHEME_GetWindowProperty(), WDML_MakeAtomFromHsz(), and WDML_QueryString().
Definition at line 434 of file atom.c.
Referenced by test_add_atom(), test_error_handling(), test_get_atom_name(), test_handles(), and test_msg_client().
Definition at line 444 of file atom.c.
Referenced by dde_server_wndprocA(), dde_server_wndprocW(), DllMain(), HotkeyThread(), LresultFromObject(), SetPropW(), START_TEST(), test_add_atom(), test_error_handling(), test_get_atom_name(), THEMING_Initialize(), UXTHEME_InitSystem(), and WDML_MakeAtomFromHsz().
Definition at line 454 of file atom.c.
Referenced by dde_msg_client_wndproc(), dde_server_wndprocA(), dde_server_wndprocW(), DdeConnect(), DdePostAdvise(), DdeReconnect(), DllMain(), HotkeyThread(), ObjectFromLresult(), START_TEST(), test_msg_client(), WDML_ClientProc(), WDML_ClientQueueAdvise(), WDML_ClientQueuePoke(), WDML_ClientQueueRequest(), WDML_ClientQueueUnadvise(), WDML_HandleAdviseReply(), WDML_HandleIncomingData(), WDML_HandlePokeReply(), WDML_HandleRequestReply(), WDML_HandleUnadviseReply(), WDML_RemoveServer(), and WinHookProc().
Definition at line 464 of file atom.c.
Referenced by test_add_atom(), test_DdeCreateStringHandleW(), test_error_handling(), and test_RegisterClipboardFormatA().
Definition at line 474 of file atom.c.
Referenced by GetPropW(), RemovePropW(), START_TEST(), test_add_atom(), test_DdeCreateStringHandleW(), and test_error_handling().
Definition at line 484 of file atom.c.
Referenced by dde_msg_client_wndproc(), dde_server_wndproc(), EnumPropsA(), EnumPropsExA(), SPY_GetMsgStuff(), test_get_atom_name(), test_handles(), and test_RegisterClipboardFormatA().
Definition at line 496 of file atom.c.
Referenced by EnumPropsExW(), EnumPropsW(), load_graphics_driver(), ObjectFromLresult(), test_get_atom_name(), and WDML_MakeHszFromAtom().
Definition at line 512 of file atom.c.
Definition at line 32 of file atom.c.
Referenced by AddAtomA(), AddAtomW(), GlobalAddAtomA(), and GlobalAddAtomW().
Definition at line 245 of file atom.c.
Referenced by DeleteAtom(), and GlobalDeleteAtom().
Definition at line 133 of file atom.c.
Referenced by FindAtomA(), FindAtomW(), GlobalFindAtomA(), and GlobalFindAtomW().
Definition at line 280 of file atom.c.
Referenced by GetAtomNameA(), GetAtomNameW(), GlobalGetAtomNameA(), and GlobalGetAtomNameW().
Definition at line 23 of file atom.c.
Referenced by InternalAddAtom(), InternalDeleteAtom(), InternalFindAtom(), and InternalGetAtomName().
Definition at line 17 of file atom.c.
Referenced by InitAtomTable(), and InternalInitAtomTable().


text:
Delhi may allow private players to operate some railway lines
Commuters at a railway station in Mumbai. Associated Press
Some sections of the Indian Railways could be opened up for investment from the private sector, which could operate its own railway lines in return for licence fees, Railway Minister Piyush Goyal said.
Goyal also said that the private sector investment was necessary if the Indian Railways was to raise Rs50 lakh crore over the next five years for modernisation and expansion of railway facilities across the country.
Goyal, who was in Goa, also said that while the government had a "open mind about attracting investment from the private sector, the Indian Railways by itself would not be privatised."
"There are different models we can follow. We want the Indian Railways to grow. There could be some sectors where the private sector can lay their own lines, we would not have a problem. They can take a licence from us. Railways will be able to increase its revenue. If it can increase its revenue, it will be able to give better facilities to its passengers. Our mind is open," Goyal said during a press conference in panaji, Goa.
"But Railways by itself will not be privatised. Railways belong to the government, it will stay with the government. The big investment (in the railways sector) belongs to the government and it will be in the service of the public," he said.
Goyal's comments come at a time when the Opposition has slammed the ruling BJP-led National Democratic Alliance government for what they see as attempts being made to privatise the Railways.
Goyal also said, that over the last 65 years, until Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government began in 2014, freight traffic had shrunk 30 per cent and the infrastructure to passenger and freight traffic ratio had widened to astronomical proportions.
"We have also set an ambitious target for increasing of freight on the railways, which has now shrunk to 30 per cent. We have seen that in 65 years, before the advent of the Modi government, investment had reduced in the Indian Railways, as a result of which infrastructure has increased by only 30 per cent and the passenger and freight traffic has increased by 1,500 per cent. The estimate is obviously that passengers and freight will face discomfort and safety will be decreased due to overload," he said.
The minister also said that while in the year 2013-14 the capital investment allocated to the Indian Railways was only Rs 40,000 crore to Rs 45,000 crore, in the current year, the expenditure on capital investment was Rs 1.60 lakh crore.
Commenting on the investment target of Rs50 lakh crore announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in her Budget speech on Friday, Goyal said that the private sector would be critical to attaining the target.
"But when you look ahead, the government will not be able to invest Rs 50 lakh crore alone. Our efforts are to bring in technology of international standards, (attract) investment or a Public Private Partnership or a TOT (toll operate transfer) model, which yesterday Nirmala referred to," Goyal said.
Meanwhile, privatisation-bound national carrier Air India might not get financial support from the full Budget 2019-20.
According to highly-placed sources, the airline, which got a meagre Rs100,000 as extra budgetary support in the interim budget, might not even land a spot in the expenditure document this time.
However, in the interim budget, the government had allocated Rs2,600 crore to Air India Asset Holding, a SPV which is being used to park the majority of over Rs 55,000 crore debt of the airline.
On June 27, the Central government decided to restart the divestment process of national passenger carrier and its five subsidiaries.
As per the Ministry of Civil Aviation, continued support from the government had resulted in improvement of financial and operational performance of the airline.
The development comes after the Air India Specific Alternative Mechanism (AISAM), in a meeting last year, decided against divestment at that time due to issues like volatile crude oil prices and adverse fluctuations in exchange rates.
"However, continued support from the government had resulted in improvement of financial and operational performance of Air India. As per the recommendations of AISAM, the government will now go ahead with the process of disinvestment of the company," the Ministry said in a statement.
In December last year, the Centre had prepared a revival plan for the airline, comprising a comprehensive financial package and sale of non-core real estate assets.
The plan comprised of several major elements such as a comprehensive financial package including transferring of non-core debt and assets to a SPV (special purpose vehicle) and strategic disinvestment of subsidiaries.
Besides, the Centre infused Rs 2,345 crore into the financially strained national carrier under its 'Turn Around Plan'.
Indo-Asian News Service
India Railway
School kids plant 350 trees near Mumbai station
As part of the ongoing 'Joy of Giving Week' organised by the Western Railway (WR), around 150 students of the Ryan Group of Institutions (RGI) planted more than 350 Ashoka tree saplings near the Jogeshwari station here, an official said on Saturday.
VIDEO: India goes under lockdown to curb coronavirus spread
In a sign of growing anxiety, Indian Railways, one of the world's biggest networks, cancelled all services except suburban and goods trains until March 31. The move will affect more than 20 million passengers a day and comes after several people tested positive for the virus after trips.
Greening the India Railways gets underway
Recently the Indian Ministry of Railways announced plans to transform the Indian Railways into green railways by 2030. Several measures have been implemented to mitigate global warming and combat climate change.
Indian selectors bet on Pant as Dhoni coy over future plans
MUMBAI: India's cricket selectors on Sunday named Rishabh Pant as their preferred wicketkeeper for all three formats for next month's tour of West Indies with the future of long-serving glovesman Mahendra Singh Dhoni still shrouded in mystery. Dhoni, 38, has been the subject of intense speculation on his


The RBI has formed a new unit. This unit is within the central bank itself which has been formed so that they can boost up their intellectual finance when it comes to new technologies like blockchain, cryptocurrency, and artificial intelligence.
Two persons who were aware of all the plans that central banks had said that all the above mentioned emerging technologies that will come in the future will be researched and probably the rules would be drafted as well following which the new unit will supervise them.
When the unit was just one month old, it was led by the chief general manager. However, the same was not formally declared within the unit. Some expert analysts agreed with what RBI was doing by saying that the RBI has taken this initiative at the right time as the emerging technologies were bound to bright a lot of difference the business models.
The managing director, financial services, Asia Pacific and Africa at Accenture, Piyush Singh said that till the time all the regulators don't take part in the ecosystem, have an understanding about it and are clear about what is welcomed and what will not be accepted they will not able to provide protection to the industry that it is regulating and neither the customers who make use of it.
In spite of having a warning that had been issued with respect to digital trading currencies, RBI has formed a special unit to know more about emerging technology.
A warning was issued to the users when Bitcoin reached the highest record on December 2017 to the traders and holders of the cryptocurrencies. They were warned about the potential risks involved economically, operationally, financially, legally, consumer protection and risks about the security of the user when it comes to trading with digital currencies.
A couple of years back when Urjit Patel, the governor took all these matters into his hands following which all the ideas started giving positive results. Similar to this there has been an announcement of another idea where a new laboratory of data sciences will be set up.


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text:
For justice to be done, it must be seen
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Patrick Kroker: "They saw injuries nobody could have survived" - READ THE INTERVIEW
In Myanmar, "transition has to be built on the voices of the people"
21 February 2017 By Arnaud Dubus, (Bangkok)
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From 2009 to 2015, Matthew Mullen, a lecturer at the Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studies of Mahidol University, in Thailand, tracked the diverse and complex pathways through which political change came to Myanmar.
Instead of focusing only on the well-known picture of a highly vocal opposition movement confronting an entrenched military regime, he paid attention to more discreet endeavors which were going on in the local communities, where a myriad of small organizations and individuals were working for change, not in a directly confrontational way, but through a wide array of tactics, from everyday resistance to engagement and from avoidance to manipulation. These subtle ways of weakening an autocratic regime through interacting with its agents were the trademark of a broad and very diverse movement called "the Third force" by observers. Justice Info met in Bangkok with Matthew Mullen, who has recently published the results of his research in a book called "Pathways that Changed Myanmar".[1]
Matthew Mullen, author of "Pathways that Changed Myanmar", photo by Arnaud Dubus
Justice Info : How would you describe reconstructive politics in Myanmar?
Matthew Mullen : While going around Myanmar and looking at the various pursuits of change that were underway, I saw a realm of action that was kind of hard to explain. You had the traditional protests, very strong, and then you also had a lot of everyday resistance. And in nearly every community you walked in, there was some type of organization or some kind of local project. I found that people driving these projects were using a mixture of engagement and avoidance. The goal was to try to change the situation around them by creating new opportunities. Remittances – money coming in from the Burmese migrant workers overseas - was a big part of the action. They created a situation where people were able to do what they were unable to do a few years before. There was so much creation going on. And then I came into contact with the Third force, the big organizations of the Third force – one of the most notable and controversial one being Myanmar Egress[2]. They were doing strategic engagement, opening up space and creating new opportunities. Reconstructive politics was an attempt to try to frame the many levels of creation as a way to gain leverage, because I did not feel that there was anything that really captures that in terms of the theories I came across.
Would you say that as a whole in Myanmar the politics of sanctions was inefficient compared to reconstructive politics?
I don't think it was inefficient, but I think there is a narrative around sanctions that is slightly dishonest. The different modes of resistance were all incredibly important and in many ways mutually reinforcing. But there were situations like sanctions where attempts to support the struggle against the junta created new challenges and obstacles. Sanctions were contradicting what the Third force and many local communities were trying to accomplish. Where I think sanctions were most problematic was under the narrative of "sanctions were fulfilling the will of the people". You did not have to go far to find individuals who did not want to have anything to do with sanctions. They did not see sanctions as effective or strategically advisable. So, this whole idea that sanctions were rolled out to mobilize or to support the people is a kind of false narrative. A lot of people were looking for every possible opportunity, for new resources, new ideas, anything to hold onto. They saw sanctions as another obstacle to overcome, as another isolation they had to navigate in order to seek new openings. They also saw sanctions as emboldening the regime, when they were working to soften the impact of the state. Sanctions were not fulfilling the will of the people, sanctions were fulfilling the will of some people. Being clear about that is crucial because it forces us to consider alternative views, and it requires an honest assessment of implicit harm sanctions may do.
Aung San Suu Kyi played an important role in all of this. Can we say that, given her very high international profile, she monopolized the voice for change? She approved the sanctions, legitimizing them in the eyes of the international community.
There are reasons to be critical of her on that front. But I don't know if she monopolized the narrative, becoming the voice of the people, or if the voice was put on her. You had Free Burma Campaigns and governments around the world who were promoting the sanctions pointing to Aung San Suu Kyi and saying, "the Lady supports this and therefore it is legitimate." But I think she has some responsibility with that. She could have stepped back and said: "I support sanctions, but that does not mean everybody supports sanctions". But for most of that period, she was under house arrest, so I don't know to what extent she could have been able to bring that kind of nuance and demonopolize the voice. The problem is that she became a very convenient voice to turn to. My critic is that she could have done more, by saying: "this is my perspective, there are other ways to look at it". That would have made a world of difference for the groups who were trying to take different approaches and felt as though their perspectives were being dismissed entirely.
During many years, there was a long debate about sanctions versus constructive engagement. According to your research, what finally brought political change in Myanmar?
Actually, we don't know. And to me, that's the point. I take issue with the notion that it was sanctions that brought changes. It was not one thing. It was probably a combination of various efforts. I wrote in the book that the pathways to change were super-messy and that is part of what made the cumulative impact so notable. They converge, they diverge. You had so many pressures, you had infiltrations, you had all types of things going on around the regime.
The transition manifested from above, but that "from above" change happened because the conditions around the country and around Naypyidaw shifted massively: the dissolution of power, the different pressures at play… All these shifts combined to change the environment of governance. What is unfortunate in the story is that rather than seeing the value in different efforts and in different strategies, some of the actors say: our strategy was better than yours – which goes straight to the hierarchy mindset, "this is the right way". If there would have been a little more room for recognition around contrasting strategies, if different groups saw the value in the different strategies, there could have been more coordination, more mutual benefit and far less tension.
As you said change came from above. This has advantages, mostly the absence of violence. But does it have also drawbacks?
Absolutely. The scariest thing about the from-above transition is that it has a bulldozing effect on all those grassroots forces that became so strong over the years, all of those organizations and community based efforts that found ways to create opportunities and space. These grassroots progresses can be bulldozed by the from above forces who say: OK, now things are changing, we are taking control, and this is where we are going, dictating the transition from above.
The other scary thing is that this transition is legitimating a system which is still extremely predatory. The amount of power that the military still has, the distribution of land, the lack of welfare and public services along with rising costs of living, the lack of protection for people who do not have formal documentation of their land, possessions and projects, the predatory laws, legitimating all of this puts the population in a very vulnerable situation. The system may appear more structured and the leadership may be different, but this doesn't make the impact less insidious. This is the same machine in a new package.
Tracking the story of change on the ground, we can see how laws are protecting predatory power rather than protecting people from predatory power. The inability to acknowledge this is also terrifying. This idea that you have to get behind the law because it is the law, is the dumbest thing. Nobody argues against the importance of the rule of the law, but we have to make distinctions between what aspects of the law are protecting people and what aspects of the law are formalizing repressive and oppressive dynamics. The formalizing exercise that is underway cannot be taken lightly because it is going to decide the long-term fate of a lot of people.
Under the regime, there has been decades of atrocities. What will happen now?
This is where the first thing that comes to mind for me right now is plight of the Rohingya and the general xenophobia in transitioning Myanmar. Before Myanmar has space to take a proper account of the past, there are some serious issues that need to be dealt with right now.
When it comes to the transitional justice question, one of the things we have to define is what the people on the ground want. What does transitional justice mean to them? People I spoke with say repeatedly: we don't want the Cambodia model: this idea of so much attention and resource going to putting select figures on trial, while most of the population continues to face the wrath of poverty and oppression. The military definitely wants a transition that only looks forward. For those who want a transition that reckons with the past there is the immediate task of addressing the ongoing violent xenophobia, bringing the attention back to the decades of military rule that need accounting for. Then the task becomes understanding different priorities and concerns when it comes to dealing with Myanmar's junta past.
In 2012, the UN special rapporteur on Myanmar, Toma Ojea Quintana, called for the establishment of a Truth commission. What do you think about it?
From a mechanism perspective, it makes sense why you want a Truth commission, why that could potentially be good for Myanmar. The biggest problem is that there has been no effort to figure out what people want. It is like jumping into this transitional justice machine, before we have any type of discussion about people's priorities, what are their concern, what kind of ideas do they have. It is like the United Nations is dictating the transition by defining the model. The real concern is that the bulk of attention and resources start going to the Truth commission, while we are still asking what the people of Myanmar want. That is the real threat, this kind of "from above" and in some ways aristocratic mentality of "this should be good for Myanmar".
This notion of "speaking for others" instead of letting people speak for themselves, that you evoke several times in the book…
Yes, it is a good example of that. Quintana has the best interests of everyone in mind. He is not doing something that is appalling, but it is very implicitly silencing people. It takes time, reflection and patience to let people speak. The desire to move forward into some type of transitional justice process is totally understandable, but this type of early proposal for a particular intervention automatically forecloses on the conversation. It is like the conclusion of a conversation which never happened. This transition has to be built on the voices of the people. There must be some kind of outreach effort before we can say what transitional justice in Myanmar should look like. Assigning the model is dictating transitional justice instead of facilitating it.
How can we explain that a number of pro-democracy activists are condoning or even applauding the targeting of Rohingyas in Western Myanmar?
For so long, the pro-democracy movement in and around Myanmar was seen as very pure, as inherently righteous. There were not many questions about whether there were undercurrents of discrimination, or sexism or whatever. When you have these massive civil society forces with a notable pro-democracy and human rights record, and all of a sudden, they are justifying, apologizing or even partaking in this violence (against Rohingyas and Muslims), it takes people off-guard. Part of the problem here, beyond the obvious spread of xenophobia, is the positioning of human rights or democracy advocates as infallible, or inherently good, creating complacency and an absence of accountability. The other part of the problem is the dynamic where members of civil society in Myanmar try to reposition what is outright xenophobia as something that is technical or debatable. I don't want to assign hate or complicity where it doesn't belong, and there are certainly portions of Myanmar's civil society who want to take a stand but do not see openings to do so. But when members of civil society advance a vision of Myanmar with narrow or no space for Myanmar's Muslim populations, when civil society creates an enabling environment for perpetration, they are directly contributing to the atrocities.
Interview by Arnaud Dubus.
[1] Pathways that Changed Myanmar, by Matthew Mullen, Zed Books, London, 2016.
[2] Myanmar Egress, founded in 2006 by the late Dr Nay Win Maung, has been the main "Third force" formal organization in Myanmar. It was especially involved with training programs which surreptitiously propagated democratic values.
©AUNG HTET / AFPAung San Suu Kyi (C) speaks during the Panglong Peace Talk Myanmar on February 12, 2017
8 min 24Approximate reading time
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COLUMBIA - After hiring a consulting firm to examine Greek life on campus, the University of Missouri is making some of the recommended changes and dismissing others.
In a report released Monday, the university said some of the most prominent changes will affect how long initiations can last, how the university will handle reports of hazing and whether freshmen can live in Greek housing.
The changes come after two years of inquiry into how to make Greek life safer at the university.
MU Dean of Students Jeffrey Zeilenga said his office began investigating Greek life after multiple instances of student deaths across the country.
"The feeling was that this was a great opportunity to bring in an external entity to review our system and point out where we had opportunities for improvement and where we excelled," Zeilenga said.
In October, the Dyad Strategies consulting group released a report detailing issues within Greek life at the university. The report criticized the Office of Greek Life for lacking focus, leadership, and direction. The consultants also proposed several recommendations for improving the quality and safety of Greek life.
In addition to that, the university assembled an advisory board of Greek students, alumni, parents and advisers and landlords to develop recommended changes.
In Monday's report, the university diverged from recommendations that it should ban all freshmen from living in fraternity or sorority housing.
Sorority and fraternity chapters at the university typically recruit freshmen out of high school and allow them to live in Greek housing. MU is one of few universities in the country that allows freshmen to live in Greek housing.
The consulting group suggested that a total ban of freshmen will reduce instances of hazing in the Greek community.
Zeilenga said he agrees with that assessment.
But MU is not accepting the firm's recommendation on banning all freshmen from living in Greek housing.
"We looked at some of our chapters at MU and we felt we had some really good foundations to work from and we modified that change and we then put in a set of criteria that would allow uninitiated freshman to live in [Greek housing] their first semester," Zeilenga said.
Some national news organizations have warned that live-in freshmen are at a higher risk of hazing. Patricia Stagg is the mother of an eighth grader. She says she supports a freshman ban.
MU said it is compromising by allowing chapters to continue housing freshmen if they maintain an average GPA of 3.0 for two consecutive semesters and do not violate any hazing or alcohol policies by 2021.
As part of the changes, MU is also implementing a new policy for how it addresses reports of hazing.
In the past, it has shut down entire Greek chapters for violating hazing policies. Now it will only punish the students who are directly involved in the hazing incidents. The university says the change is to encourage more students to report incidents of hazing.
Fraternities and sororities must now also limit social events with alcohol to four hours and only on Thursdays through Sundays. High school students are not allowed to be at events where alcohol will be served.
Zeilenga said his office has already begun implementing some of the smaller changes. The more substantial changes will gradually take effect into 2021.


Plastic straws and cotton buds could be banned across the country as part of the UK government's efforts to cut down on waste.
Prime Minister Theresa May announced that there will be a consultation into some banning some prevalent single-use plastics, including plastic straws and cotton buds at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting on Friday 19 April.
Around 8.5 billion plastic straws are thrown out in the UK every year, May said, much of which winds up in oceans which contain some 150 million tonnes of plastic waste.
She said that the UK was a "world leader" when it came to cutting down plastic waste, citing recent policy changes from banning micro-beads in cosmetic products to 5p charges on plastic bags in supermarkets.
Queen Elizabeth II opened the summit at an event at Buckingham Palace on Friday, attended by diplomats and presidents from the 53 Commonwealth states.
"The Commonwealth is a unique organisation, with a huge diversity of wildlife, environments and coastlines," she said.
The news comes as scores of UK hospitality firms are beginning to change their policies on plastic waste, while some environmental campaigners are attempting to tax single-use plastic products in an effort to discourage their use.
Back in February a petition calling on pubs to charge punters 5p for using plastic straws passed 10,000 signatures, while bar groups such as Wetherspoon's have been enforcing plastic straw bans since September 2017.
Final Straw's campaign is inspired by the 5p charge on plastic carrier bags in England which was introduced in October 2015.
While there is widespread support in the industry for cutting waste, and groups such as Marriott and All Bar One have already removed plastic straws from their businesses, many industry leaders are reluctant to back an initiative which would force consumers to pay more for their drink.
Another angle / impact of this straw policy that has not been fully thought through is the impact on many disabled people.
Sounds like just another way to tax Joe Public to me! I mean, why charge people 5p for a plastic bag when shops could easily provide paper bags, which can be recyled, for customers to carry their shopping? If plastic straws are such an issue then provide paper straws instead and don't charge 5p! (I'd have thought the plastic 'beer can rings' were more harmful to the environment anyway as they can get stuck round the necks of wildlife!) Or better still, make it so people CAN recycle these plastics and stop slapping TAX after TAX on folk. I have to chuck plastic yoghurt pots, margarine tubs, food trays, plastic egg cartons … in fact any plastic that's not 'bottle shaped' in the bin because our Council won't accept them in the recycling. It's rather annoying to say the least as I try to be as good to the environment as I can. Get the recycling sorted out in the UK (or make distributors use packaging that can easily be recycled) and stop penalising the public with these additional 5p taxes. The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer in the UK!!


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The Aspidistra plant or (Cast Iron Plant) is an old-fashioned, tough, leathery foliage house plant. It is an ideal houseplant for cooler areas of your house Aspidistra Elatior is native to China and Japan, and belongs to the lily family. The Aspidistra Elatior is not a fast grower at the best of times so if you want a fast growing plant this is not for you. The Aspidistra will tolerate most light conditions except direct sun. To thrive well it needs a fair amount of water during the growing season, although it likes to dry out between watering. If you have chosen a dark area for your plant the watering needs to be less so be careful not to over water.


Varnum House Museum Wallpaper Restoration – Heritage Restoration, Inc.
Heritage Restoration's Jen Rydwansky restored the amazing late 19th century hand painted wallpaper in the main hallway of the Varnum House Museum in East Greenwich, RI. The project's intent was to assess the condition, document, stabilize and restore the wallpaper and plaster substrate. HRI repaired the plaster using injection stabilization methods, relined the wallpaper, cleaned the surface, and repainted missing or damaged areas. The methodology considered the impact to the historic fabric, and reproduced areas that were worn or damaged by water.


Dynamically induced scalar quark confinement : A link between chiral symmtry breaking and confinement.
In: POS : Proceedings of science ; Lattice 2007 International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory <25, 2007, Regensburg>, S. 286 .
Studying unquenching effects in QCD with Dyson-Schwinger equations.
In: NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS, 153 pp. 90-97.
This list was generated on Tue Apr 23 00:52:32 2019 CEST.


Some articles, especially the old and transferred ones, had some 'cryptic' content like 'icon _ wink' (without spaces) in the text. Well, that were some placeholders to provide icons on the position. Meanwhile I added those content filters to the current blog system and hopefully you should get nice emoticons instead of stupid text placeholders in my articles. icon_biggrin.
Feedback on missing content translation for icons would be very helpful! Thanks for patience and your efforts in advance.


I'm a regular reader of RealClimate. I have nothing to add about climate science – you are doing a great job communicating that. But in relation to this article I must mention something on a different subject: The American (or other European-colonized areas) concept "indigenous" people does not really work in relation to the Scandinavian Sami people. They are as indigenous as most of the rest of us (when you abstract from the historical migrations that every people have done through the times and climate changes). I don't know if there's any better word, because surely they "fit in" to the same category as many indigenous people in colonized areas in relation to life-style and the way they've been (mis-)treated by the political entities, but the term "indigenous" is rather strange when applied to an area full of indigenous people. There are many countries in the world that were not created by the Spanish or English Empire a few hundred years ago. On the other hand, as I said, I don't know a better word right now.
I have seen the last days of shishmaref a few weeks ago..
But i do not think it can hit the box office with the youth.
They were yawning and eeeewing behind me..
Even the youth of Shishmaref listens to MTV and plays Nintendo..
Still there is a lot of original culture in the movie..
Climate change science has a message that is extremely difficult to visualize in an Joe Public friendly movie..
This is a first attempt..certainly worth to watch when you get a chance..
In northern Norway the most serious problem for the Sámi reindeer herds is the gross overpopulation. This leads to overgrazing and hence badly reduced production of the reindeer's staple food – heather, grass and lichen. The ample use of 4-wheelers etc makes the problem even worse. This has been a major problem for years.
May be the Sámi should concentrate on problems that can be solved within a short period of time among the Sami themselves?
Rasmus, I appreciate the way you mentioned the several different factors actually of potentially affecting the people and the herds. As with most issues, climate change exacerbates pre-existing problems, and/or creates new ones on top of them. And I agree that combining on-the-ground knowledge/data with remotely sensed imagery is vital.
You said "I was told that the Sámi have about 300 words for snow". Come on guys, Real Climate is supposed to stand for solid science, and even though this is a "soft article", I think you ought to check your facts instead of reporting on "what someone told me".
Think about it for a moment: does it even make sense that any people would have 300 words for snow? The thing is that Sami languages are agglutinative, and therefore a world like "snow" can appear in very different guises depending on its grammatical function. It's like if someone counted "snow", "snows", "snowed", "snowing", etc as different English words for snow. Hardly a fair way of counting, isn't it?
Of interest to you readers. Just today, I published my first book. The title is: NOTES FOR THE AURORA SOCIETY.
The book is about my 2003 walk across Finland. During the 5-month, 1500 mile walk, I interviewed Finns about thier relationship to nature. I also wrote about Finnish history, nature protection and more. Its a damn good book, I have to say. Remember, this was the summer of the big heat wave. I saw things then that may become much more common.
Having lived in northwest Germany, Eli can attest that there are 300 words for rain in Plattdeutsch.
Why not? Think of the many different words English has for liquid water occuring in the landscape: everything from ocean to rivulet and all inbetween, sometimes with very subtle shades of meaning attached. "It's a funny old language. We talk about a salmon river and a trout stream and they may be the same bit of water." (Gerald Hammond) I've never tried to count, but I wouldn't be surprised if someone told me there were 300 or more. Why shouldn't people whose lives are as intimately bound up with snow have as many words for it?
You remember what happened to Galileo when he tried that answer.
Is Sami the same as Lapplander?
It is not that there are lots of differant words for snow, as much as there really are that many differant forms of snow & ice.
It is only after living and working closely with all the differant types of snow conditions, that one begins to appreciate them.
yes, but now the word Lapplander (or similar in almost all european languages) is considered derogatory. We should try to avoid its use.
Note to Hank Roberts: I find it a bit disingenuous to be counting icicles that way. You lump together multiple spellings, regional variations, etc. By those criteria, you can easily find dozens of variations for *any* concept in *any* language.
Note to Edward: yes, Sami is the same as Lapplander, though I reckon the latter is perceived as pejorative in some contexts.
And a final note: I don't doubt the Sami may have a few dozen words (or better yet, morphemes) for snow. English itself has a sizable number. However, just like in the related Eskimo myth, I guess the word count has been greatly exaggerated by a misunderstanding of the grammar of Sami languages and because it makes for a compelling story.
The Sámi people, (also known as Lapps, although this term is considered derogatory…are the indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. Their ancestral lands span across an area the size of Sweden in the Nordic countries. The Sámi people are among the largest indigenous ethnic groups in Europe. Their languages are the Sámi languages, which are classified as Finnic in the Finno-Ugric group….
However there are many well-meaning people that think the Arctic regions will be better off with warming. I listened with disbelief a radio interview with Freeman Dyson where he states such an opinion and says that global warming will be a good thing (listen at http://mpegmedia.abc.net.au/rn/podcast/current/audioonly/ssw_20081213_1215.mp3). I hope that this story will get some coverage.
As I understand it, the 'eskimo words for snow' myth arises because of the way the language is formed: words are modified with (analogues to?) prefixes, suffixes, and cases to create words that represent highly specific concepts in the way the we use sentences. This means that they may readily create a 'word' meaning'the snow you get when a three day thaw is followed by a light frost and a seven-hour snow shower', but equally they can readily coin a single-word lexeme meaning 'the glisten of firelight reflecting on the lingering perspiration on the deluxe model inflatable woman (the one with the real hair)'.
Unfortunately, the end of the tradition way of life that the Sami – who I've always seen as the last of the 'tribal' Europeans, which both amuses some of my Native American friends as well as making them go 'Hmmm' (they rarely think of US White Folks that way, you see) – have been leading for so many thousands of years, is probably nearing it's end.
This is also so for many of the Tribal African Peoples, just as it has already beecome so for the Sioux, the Arrapaho, the Iroqouis, etc., with only the Puebla Peoples – like the Navajo, the Hopi, & the Yuni – being able to maintain something of a semblence of their original ways; which has been so only because those ways were already based on an argrarian village-based (that's what a Pueblo is) way of life.
Will this be so bad, though? After all, many of these colorful and ancient cultures incorporate such unsustainable things as using large numbers of cattle as dowries; and we Real Climate readers all know that cattle belch and fart out copious quantities of Methane.
I love to take part in many of the Celtic/Druidic/Ren-Fair type activities and festivals that are so abundant in Oregon, U.S.A. (I almost never miss a Solstice Celebration, with my Earth Goddess Worshiper Friends!); but I would no more go back wearing nothing but 'Home-spun', to suffering from Rubela and Small Pox, or to watching 6 out of 10 women die in Childbirth than I would go back to living in a Mud Hut or a Cave.
Still, there are things that we can learn from these ancient and not-quite-dead cultures – as well as from the effects of the late arrival of the Technological Age in some of these parts of the world; with the way that Cell Phones have allowed African Nations to avoid laying down a fortune to hard-wire up their countries being a really good example.
Just think of the Carbon Footprint of that one!
Anyone have an actual source for the blog-prevalent story that the native Alaskans have had to learn words for "butterfly" and "robin" recently? I can't find one, but I don't know where the scientific reports of observations are.
Slightly offtopic: can someone point me to an explanation of why warming (or climate change more generally) is amplified at the poles? I'm aware that warming is currently more pronounced in the Arctic, and recall (perhaps incorrectly) that polar amplification is often observed in models, so I'm assuming there's a geophysical theory (or at least a few leading hypotheses) for this, but I don't know.
Shishmaref will be no more. Here is a Graduation Speech to the Shismaref High School Class of 2099 that is now online, read it and weep.
Re #6 (and Eric's response): The statement that I have heard made is that the Inuit have words used everyday that distinguish between things such as snow that is falling and snow that is on the ground. And, although we may have lots of different terms that experts or skiers will use to describe snow, I think it still is true that in everyday life we use the term "snow" to stand for a variety of different things that would be useful to distinguish between if snow was a more dominant part of your existence.
In fact, living in Rochester, NY, I find myself wishing there were more distinctions. So, for example, when my parents call up and ask if we have snow, I can understand if they are trying to ask if it is snowing now, if we have gotten any recently, or just whether we still have the foot or so on the ground that has been hanging around most of the winter. I do think our language is pretty indeterminate in its use of the word.
So, without being an expert on Inuit (or Sami) language, I could still imagine that there might be a qualitative difference between how their everyday vocabulary handles "snow" compared to how ours handles it.
\Lapplander\ encompasses all people, regardless of origin, who live in the area. \Sami\ are the people with their own culture. Many people in Lapland have some Sami ancestry, but whether they endorse it is their own decision. \The mixing between peoples in the north has happened before exactly kept records, sometimes it was friendly, sometimes not so.\, to quote a book on Finland's history.
And just off the top of my head, I can think of a couple of dozen English words for snow, without even getting into scientific terms or resorting to a thesarus. For frozen water falling out of the sky: hail, sleet, flurry, snowsquall, snowshower, blizzard. For shapes and ways of movement: drift, bank, mogul, cornice, avalanche, snowfield, glacier. For differences in consistency: slush, powder, corn, flour, crystal, crust, ice. Add adjectives for distinctions I'd make in ordinary conversation (which the Inuit languages would agglutinate into a single word), and I'd easily have more than a hundred distinct types.
Yep, and that's why pointed to the page that quotes the Oxford English Dictionary. I'm not arguing with you, just saying, "why not?" is less convincing. Found words for 'Robin' and 'butterfly'?
The Sámi came to northern Norway, Sweden and Finland after the last ice age, They took the way over Finland as there was an early opening in the Scandinavian ice plateau over Finland. Their language is closely related to Finnish and Hungarian. Many (but less than half) of the now-a-days Sámi population has a special marker in their DNA – "The Sámii Motif" that is found also in Finland but not elsewhere in Norway and Sweden. The Sámi population is not in any way related to the Inuits of the polar region. The rest of the first inhabitants of Norway arrived about at the same time as the first Sámi, but they followed the ice as it melted from the south and west. To be classified as a Sámi person does not depend on genetics, physical features or even culture. It generally depends on a personal claim to be a Sámi person or not. Only a small minority of the Sámi population are reindeer herding, very roughly 1000 people (families) using 40 % of the land area of Norway and producing around 1700 tons of meat a year (weight of slaughter) with a value of around 20 millions USD a year. They get almost the same amount from the Norwegian state. The use of resources of reindeer herding is approximately the same as the value of the production, hence the contribution to the Norwegian economy is very close to zero.
The claim that the Inuit and Sámi languages have 300 words for snow is an old claim that keeps coming back. From time to time it is disclaimed by language experts. When I was young it was 100 words… However, for obvious reasons all of the languages of the northern populations have many words for different qualities of snow.
Southern Norway: Mostly wild, but a few small areas with domestic herds.
Northern Norway: Only domestic herds.
Svalbard (Norway): Only wild animals.
Sweden: Only domestic animals that belongs to the Sámi population, even if many of them never have seen a human before in their lives!
I am a Mechanical Engineer who spent my career in gas dynamics and heat transfer. Since retiring I have been investigating AGW through courses in the Meteorological Dept at my local University. You are losing the argument about AGW with anybody that seriously considers the data.
Let's not have a pc debate on terms. Indigenous is not a dirty word. The Sami do not have a recognized territory or nation, and thus, like the Kurds, there is a need to use language that reflects the truth of their situation. Although, I'm certainly in favor of the concept and need for their own political territory. It is more of a concern, politically, however, that all polar peoples are going to suffer severe changes in climate and vegetation–perhaps enough to wipe them out as a people and culture. The reindeer are as threatened as the polar bears. It is unreasonable to expect any people to not adopt modern technology, even if it is also detrimental to their traditional way of life–who hasn't? We're all human beings, and we all make the same choices, on the whole. There's no stopping the consequences of our collective impulses.
Jim Norvell (30) — Read "The Discovery of Global Warming" by Spencer Weart, first link in the science section of the sidebar.
Nope, the answer is to check facts or use logic. In this case, we lack data – apparently no one has yet found a number of cooperative Sami-speakers and counted words (or at least haven't placed the results where Google can find them) so we can't give a categorical yes or no answer. We can only think about how reasonable it might be, and to that end look at other languages. However, pointing to a bunch of recycled references stating that the Inuit languages (which are unrelated to Sami) don't have that many is no sort of answer at all, let alone a categorical one. It's like claiming that AGW is not happening because Romans raised wine grapes in Britain.
Re Jim Norvell, I could have *sworn* I seriously considered the data!
A quantitative experiment could be done with the words and symbols used by the people and could in fact get a valuable insight into climate change. Get the frequency of words used 50 years ago and compare the frequency of the same words today. If some words are used more today than fifty years ago, and in fact some words are not used at all today, that could tell you a little about the changes over the last fifty years. Of course, you would need a large sample of words and the definitions, say for snow, and the context as well. This is one way the linguistical variations of "snow" could be used to gain an understanding of changes through the years.
Oh, my, another engineer who has single-handedly disproven climate science.
In this case, we lack data – apparently no one has yet found a number of cooperative Sami-speakers and counted words (or at least haven't placed the results where Google can find them) so we can't give a categorical yes or no answer.
It's interesting to see Google presented as an ultimate authority in the matter.
I'll take Geoffrey Pullam, myself.
James, "bother" is to make the effort, as you describe.
Try to read what I write and imagine a world in which I could be agreeing with you.
This may be your problem. Did they mention this award?
OK, Pullam was writing about the Inuit language, not the linguistically unrelated Sámi.
Of course, Pullam's book isn't about the number of words in Inuit for snow, but how the linguistic myth came to be, and to gain currency, in the first place.
Anyway, enough of the off-topic how many words for snow question.
The author's use of "climatic fluctuations" seems wrong.
Weather fluctuations make more sense in the short term.
Climate trends make sense in the long term but not "climate fluctuations".
"Weather" is moving from summer to winter pasture. But as I recall we've had about ten thousand years of unusually stable climate, so people had time to settle down and invent agricultura rather than needing to move with the animals they hunted.
I'd believe "climatic fluctuations" — changes that over 30 years or so would require moving far enough to preclude returning to the same place annually. That is what kept humans, for a hundred thousand years or more, from building up the experience needed to do agriculture. Always moving.
Agriculture doesn't need to be "farming" in fields and rows — most likely it was what the native Americans were doing til recently, wildland gardening in a way that enriched the area with useful plants.
That works better in temperate climates, I'm just saying that even for Arctic herders, being able to know where your herds will prosper over many generations is better than having to follow climate variation across large distances.
Can't do that when the climate is changing every, say, 30 years.
I highly recommend looking at all their project pieces and, if you can, attending an event. Their presentations are beautiful, fascinating, and have a more personal touch than us science people usually do (graph anyone?).
Sometimes people who weigh in here make me downright embarrassed to admit that I am an engineer.
What data would that be?
What data would that be? And why on earth are you studying climate science in the meteorological department?
I wouldn't trust anything a university has to teach, esp in the hard sciences. Many are heavily funded by big industries & have to dance to their tunes. Check and see who contributes. Many public universities are getting less and less from their states, and have to rely more and more on private contributions. My U, for instance, only gets 12% now from the state & more and more from industries. I don't think they will ever take climate change seriously….
As for community colleges, well, they have boards from industries that have lots of power to block enviro messages — I've seen it happen.
Whatever "civil society" we may have had in the past is quickly vanishing.
In an attempt to move the subject back towards climate change in the arctic/subarctic. My understanding is that one of the dynamical feedback effects, has been vegetation changes, such as tundra shrubs growing taller, thus decreasing the albedo enhancing effects of snowcover. Presumably herding activity affects the detailed distribution of plants, plant density and height. For now this is strictly a collateral result of some other human purpose. Might it be possible that some subtle changes in management could counteract (at least to some degree), the climate change amplifying effects of vegetation changes?
Anyone have an actual source for the blog-prevalent story that the native Alaskans have had to learn words for "butterfly" and "robin" recently?
About 6 months ago I saw an Inuit on television (CBC The National?) say that in recent years they had seen robins that were previously completely unknown. I'm sorry, I can't remember any more details but at least it suggests that the story is not a total fabrication.
Claiming change denial campaigns or permafrost in the sub arctic?


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Blending cuisine and wine, Vino is the brainchild of two of Hawaii's most influential culinary personalities, restauranteur D.K. Kodama of Sansei Seafood and master sommelier, Chuck Furuya. The dining menu is filled with Italian tapas, including kabocha pumpkin and Molokai sweet potato ravioli, mini veal osso bucco, and housemade three cheese gnocchi. Furuya's wine list has a number of Italian and Mediterranean bottles, as well as an expansive selection of nearly 20 wines by the glass, many of which are available in either two-ounce or five-ounce pours.


text:
Gardening: Enjoy the beauty and science behind…
Things To DoHome and Garden
Gardening: Enjoy the beauty and science behind fall colors
Each fall as the days shorten, deciduous shrubs and trees like this Arctic Jade Korean Maple begin their transformation as the plants produce less chlorophyll. (Contributed photo)
By Melinda Myers |
PUBLISHED: November 5, 2021 at 2:09 p.m. | UPDATED: November 5, 2021 at 2:09 p.m.
The brilliant fall color in our landscapes is a magical transformation that happens each year. And the science behind it is just as intriguing.
Each fall, as the days shorten, our deciduous trees and shrubs begin this transformation. The plants produce less of the chlorophyll that gives leaves their normal green color. The existing chlorophyll starts breaking down, revealing the underlying pigments of yellow, red or orange.
The carotenoid and xanthophyll pigments assist the chlorophyll in capturing light and producing sugar during the growing season. The beta-carotene contributes to the orange and orange-yellow fall color. Lutein is the most prominent xanthophyll pigment producing bright yellow fall color. There are over 80 different pigments in these two categories contributing to the variations in fall color.
The tannins in leaves contribute to the golden and brown fall colors. These are thought to discourage animals and insect pests from feeding on the leaves and help defend the plants against disease organisms.
At the same time, these plants begin to create an abscission layer between the leaf and stem. This barrier prevents the sugars produced in the leaves from moving down into the roots for storage.
Purple and red fall color, from the anthocyanin foliar pigments, is produced when sugars build up and are trapped in the leaves. This results in brilliant red and purplish-red fall color. Some of these pigments are present during the growing season and can be seen in new growth and mature leaves of some plants. These add color to the garden, help protect the plant cells from high light damage, and may discourage animals and insects from dining on the plants.
Warm, sunny days followed by cool nights without a hard frost mean more sugar and better red, orange, and purple fall color. Sufficient soil moisture helps keep the leaf color bright for a longer period of time. Leaf color fades, turns brown and leaves drop from the tree more quickly during dry fall weather.
Fall foliage is not restricted to deciduous trees and shrubs. The leaves of many of our favorite perennials also turn brilliant colors in the fall.
Solomon's seal and hosta leaves turn a beautiful yellow, echoing the fall flowers of witchhazel and yellow leaves of ginkgo and quaking aspen. The delicate heart-shaped leaves of barrenwort, botanically known as Epimedium, turn red in fall. Some of the leaves drop in fall like most trees and shrubs. Others will persist through winter and drop as new leaves and flowers appear in spring.
Perennial geranium and Bergenia leaves turn reddish-purple in fall. Both will persist, adding color to the winter and early spring garden.
Brighten up the fall landscape with the fine texture and amber-gold fall foliage of Angelina sedum and willow amsonia.
The fluffy white seed heads of our native little bluestem complement the coppery-red fall color that persists throughout the winter.
Genetics determine the color each plant tends to produce in fall, while weather and the plant's health influence if and how intensely the color will be expressed. Consider fall color when adding plants to the landscape. Then provide proper care to keep them healthy and looking their best throughout the year.
Melinda Myers is the author of over 20 gardening books, including The Midwest Gardener's Handbook and Small Space Gardening. She hosts The Great Courses "How to Grow Anything" DVD series and the nationally-syndicated Melinda's Garden Moment TV & radio program. Myers is a columnist and contributing editor for Birds & Blooms magazine. Her web site is www.MelindaMyers.com.
Melinda Myers
Looking About in Mendocino County
Horoscopes Jan. 13, 2022: Liam Hemsworth, wise decisions are your path to victory


Their live shows impressed management consultant Vicky Hamilton, a music industry veteran known for her work with hundreds of bands, including platinum artists like Guns 'N Roses and Poison.
With Hamilton onboard, Love Past Blue is currently recording its sophomore album with Sylvia Massy, a producer who has worked with the likes of Johnny Cash, Tool, and Red Hot Chili Peppers.
Performing at festivals and famous nightspots, touring, and recording with a veteran producer, Cadence is a teenager living the life of a rock star.
But Cadence says she was abused at a North Texas high school.
"It happened to me when I was 15," Cadence says. "I was in school and I was groped twice by the same guy. The second time it happened I almost got into a fistfight with the guy, but some classmates held me back.
"Flirting is cool," she continues. "Flirting is awesome if two people are into it. But there's a difference between flirting and having someone objectify you." She says other students catcalled her in hallways and made unrepeatable comments in classrooms.
Now busy with touring and recording the album in Oregon, the band is homeschooled. Cadence says girls have approached her in tears after shows, grateful to hear her message in "No Means No." But the song also has "haters" who respond in comment sections online.
"With a strong message there's going to be lovers and haters," Cadence says.
She seems unfazed by either reaction, but inspired by the massive cultural shift against tolerance for sexual harassment.


What is your response to Ai-Lene Chan's article in today's Guardian titled "The Waiting Game of refugee claims: the policy doesn't reflect community values"?
"...it is the philanthropic strength of the community that fills the gap that the government has created and offers the safety net to those at their lowest.
– why is there a backlog of 30,000 people's refugee claims?
Why aren't these refugee applications processed within 12 months, or even two years?
Like Ai-Lene Chan I also demand DIBP do what they are paid to do. Process the applications. End the suffering.


We are proud to announce the BETA for our first REST API. Our customers with Enterprise accounts can now use our API to manage users, groups and connectors programmatically. You will be able to create, change and delete connectors and users, as well as add and remove users from groups. You will also be able to retrieve a variety of summary information about users, groups and connectors.
These new endpoints help users with a lot of Fivetran connectors build automations to make their lives easier. Essential functions include connecting new data sources automatically and updating sync frequency across connectors en masse. In response to popular demand, we have also made it easy to automatically onboard and offboard users who need access to Fivetran connectors.
Our earliest testers stumbled upon an immediate use for this API: internal analytics to better understand how Fivetran is working for you. We have outlined the process we use to build connector status dashboards in a blog post so you can do it too!
Our REST API has plenty of other uses for you to discover. Our full documentation can be found here.