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General Paul Tibbets: A Man on A Mission
General Paul Tibbets has lived for decades with the memory of dropping the atomic bomb.
by Bill Van Orman
Today, in his nineties, he is still a handsome man. He has a full head of silver hair. His gaze, even with the heavied lids of age, is intense. He does look like an old man, but not a 90-year-old man. His walk has slowed, but he remains erect and dignified. Only his hearing betrays him: He is as close to stone deaf as one can get and still hear.
He has the countenance and bearing of a man who has spent time on fields of high adventure and great achievement. Perhaps even flirted with greatness.
And so he has.
His full name is Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr., and although not one American in 10,000 can place it, a good case can be made that, absent the name, he is one of the most famous men of the 20th century. He is the man who is credited with dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Technically, that is a mistake. Bomber pilots do not drop bombs, bombardiers do. Within that hairsplitting context, the late Tom Ferebee actually dropped the weapon. But it was the irascible and often abrasive General Tibbets who piloted the plane, and it is he who is credited with, or blamed for, history's single most notable act of warfare.
A Most Remarkable Man
He is, and for all of his adult life has been, a most remarkable man. From his earliest days he exuded a self-confidence that could be, and frequently was, insufferable. He has never been able to abide adequacy, much less foolishness. Paul Tibbets is an absolutist. His is the right way and no other. Certitude with attitude can be a bit much, and Paul Tibbets, by any measure, can be a bit much by half.
From the day he graduated from Western Military Academy in North Alton, Illinois, to the present, there has never been an assignment at which he did not excel. His father wanted him to become a doctor, but he wanted to fly. During the Depression era, there was only one avenue open for people of modest means to become pilots—enlist in the Aviation Cadet program. With his mother's blessing and his father's condemnation, that is what Paul did. He graduated at the top of his class. Unlike all the other men who had a choice of career paths, he did not opt for fighter training. On the advice of his tactical officer, he chose observation. It would prove to be a momentous decision.
"A Real Stick and Rudder Man"
There are two kinds of pilots: those who learn to fly by dint of hard work and determination and those few for whom the sky seems to be their natural element. There are two phrases for these exceptional aviators: "He was born to fly" and "He's a real stick and rudder man." Both applied to Paul Tibbets. Not only was he a gifted pilot, but was one of a handful who can do things with an airplane that even its designers never envisioned.
Then there is the military aspect. For one who has never "pulled a hitch in the regulars," it is difficult to relate to the phrase "command presence." It refers to a man with innate qualities who, without seeming effort, compels other men to follow into harm's way. Civilians constantly try to equate this military phrase with some sort of unique managerial skill. It is a task awanting. Managerial skill can be taught; command presence is genetic. Paul Tibbets had this unquantifiable quality in spades. It is one thing to be supremely competent, but is an entirely different order of magnitude to have it realized and accepted by others whose very lives are in your hands. General Tibbets, as fate would have it, ultimately held a changing world in his hands. He was the perfect man for the mission.
The Creation of the Air Force and the "Mighty Eighth"
In the summer of 1944, the United States was two and a half years into World War II. What had been wrought in those 30 months? In a phrase, the creation of an air force, quite literally from nothing.
On the day that Pearl Harbor was bombed, Paul Tibbets was a newly promoted captain, and although his rank may have been modest, he had an asset that was in high demand: well over 1,000 hours of multiengine flying time. In December 1941, that was rare, whatever the rank. After a few months of bouncing around due to bureaucratic indecision, Captain Tibbets landed as original cadre with the 97th Bomb Group in Tampa, Fla.
The 97th was destined to become the first heavy bomb group in what would become the "Mighty Eighth" Air Force in England. But that would be much later. In the early months of 1942, there were so few qualified pilots for the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers that Tibbets spent all of the late winter and spring just teaching newly minted multiengine pilots to fly the plane. Not how to fly it in combat, just how not to kill themselves on a daily basis. The newly created Army Air Force was that small. By the time the 97th was ordered to the United Kingdom, a newly promoted Major Tibbets was a squadron commander. Keep in mind that this is a man who just six months earlier was a first lieutenant who had never commanded anything.
Posting at Polebrook
Upon arrival in England, the group was posted to a base named Polebrook. Almost immediately, several of the command-level officers in the group were relieved of command and the group commander was replaced by Colonel Frank Armstrong. Armstrong was a superlative leader but he had just one drawback: He had never flown a B-17.
For the sake of historical perspective, it is important to note that the Army Air Corps had become the Army Air Force only a year earlier. The name change was more than incidental; it was historic. The Army Air Force was in the throes of growing from an adjunct into a force to be reckoned with. Air power was coming of age, and it was not at all certain just how to take advantage of it. One thing, however, was becoming abundantly clear. There was an absolute dearth of command-level officers to lead this growth. In his autobiography Global Mission, General Henry "Hap" Arnold put the situation in the starkest possible terms: "When we lost one [senior or command level officer] he was almost irreplaceable."
Tibbets Commands the France Raid
In the 1949 film Twelve O'clock High, there is a scene in which Brig. Gen. Frank Savage selects and promotes an acerbic Major Cobb to group air executive officer. The motion picture is a compilation of events from mid-1942 to February 1943, based loosely on General Frank Armstrong's relationship with the 97th and 306th Bomb Groups. The Major Cobb incident is based on fact, and the real Major Cobb was in truth Paul Tibbets.
In July 1942, when Colonel Armstrong took over the 97th, he had to be taught how to fly the B-17. Paul Tibbets was his mentor.
When, on August 17 of that year, the 97th flew the first B-17 bombing mission over German-occupied France, it was Armstrong who was credited with leading it. In fact, Colonel Armstrong sat in the co-pilot's seat of the lead aircraft; he was not yet left-seat qualified. The man in command of the raid was Paul Tibbets.
When the 97th Bomb Group was transferred to North Africa as part of Operation Torch, it was Tibbets who was chosen to fly General Mark Clark to Gibraltar for a secret meeting with Vichy French officials. A few weeks later, he was tasked to fly General Dwight D. Eisenhower to the Rock to command the invasion. When the group was transferred to Biskra, Tunisia, in November 1942, it again got a new commander, Colonel Hamp Atkinson. Colonel Atkinson became ill from some malady picked up in the desert, and Lt. Col. Tibbets was, for all practical purposes, the acting commander of the 97th Bomb Group. Only one year earlier, Tibbets had been a first lieutenant.
On a Mission to Create a Service That Could Stand On its Own
Both Frank Armstrong and 'Hamp' Atkinson were brigadier generals by early 1943. both stated publicly that they owed their stars in no small measure to Paul Tibbets.
As is usually the case, personalities impact individual careers. The career of Paul Tibbets was no different. Lauris Norstad was a man of impeccable credentials, but he had no combat or field command experience. He had a superb reputation as a staff officer and early in his career, he had hitched his wagon to the star of Hoyt Vandenberg. Both men were reflective of, and complimentary to, the highest ideals of what was at that time a still developing service. Vandenberg was the nephew of the single most powerful Republican senator on the Senate Armed Services committee. Norstad was his supremely able aide-de-camp.
During the war, the Air Corps and Air Force were commanded by General Arnold. He was a man on a mission to create a service that could and would stand on its own. In part, he did it by weeding out, often in brutal fashion, weak commanders. Sometimes it would seem this was done on a whim and that very junior men were promoted on the basis of rather insubstantial or short-term accomplishments. However, Arnold's judgment was uncanny.
Bringing in Jimmy Doolittle: A Stroke of Genius
In January 1944, his replacing General Ira Eaker, a life-long friend, with General Jimmy Doolittle seemed at first blush to be rash. In retrospect, it was a stroke of genius. Doolittle had gotten better results with less in the Mediterranean Theater, and Eisenhower had confidence in him. Friendship be damned. This same weighting of results led to Paul Tibbets' command of the 509. The pure and simple facts dictated that no other officer of similar rank had achieved what he had in so short a time. If Norstad did not like him—too bad. His record spoke for itself.
In early 1943, Tibbets was assigned to General Doolittle's headquarters. While there, he ran afoul of Colonel Norstad and this confrontation would follow Tibbets to the end of his Air Force career. Tibbets was reassigned to stateside duty to remove him from harm's way by the politically connected and vindictive Norstad.
By this time, late winter and early spring 1943, there was no other officer in the Air Force who possessed Tibbets' experience in combat at a leadership level. In less than six months, he had flown 37 combat missions, most of them as a mission or group commander, if not in name, then in fact.
Assigned to the Superfortress Bomber Program
When Tibbets was assigned to the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber program, General K.B. Wolfe was in command of what would come to be known as the Battle of Kansas. Wolfe was a logistics expert. Tibbets became head of the service flight test program and de facto operations officer. It was he who had to fly and sign off on what was at best a troublesome bird and at worst an underpowered death trap. Throughout the entire program, there was hardly a day when he did not lay his life on the line in the effort to get the B-29 into combat.
Tibbets became arguably the single most competent and experienced combat bomber pilot in the U.S. Air Force. By the summer of 1944, he was the most experienced and knowledgeable B-29 pilot alive. Thus, when it came time to select a commander for the 509th Composite Group, Tibbets was at the top of the list to head a nascent atomic bombing unit.
Operation Silverplate
The then 28-year-old old Lt. Col. Tibbets had two minuses on an otherwise sterling résumé. He had had what would, over time, prove to be a career-ending run-in with a powerful, politically connected superior, and he had a personality that was a godsend in wartime and anything but in peacetime. In July 1944, neither of these two factors mattered. He was first and foremost an achiever of tasks. In 10 months, he formed and trained his unit and executed his mission flawlessly.
Never before and never since has an officer of even remotely similar rank been given either the authority or the responsibility that went with Operation Silverplate. For the time that General Tibbets commanded the 509th, he held a singular, and to this day unique place, in the history of American arms.
The B-47 Test Program and After the War
In the ensuing years, Tibbets took on other daunting, if less historic, missions. He headed the B-47 service test program. He commanded SAC wings and air divisions. After retirement, he was president of a corporate jet taxi service. In each of these instances he took over troubled programs and in short order set them right.
Once the war was over, the inevitable questions began to be asked. "Was the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima really necessary?" There arose what amounted to a cottage industry of victors' guilt that to this day is hard to put into rational pigeonholes. They range from the seemingly reasonable to the absolutely absurd.
Over the past few years, Tibbets has tried to put his reputation in an historical context. The forces arrayed against him are many, powerful, and unrelenting. He is confronted by those with differing perspectives, some revisionist historians, and others who have drawn conclusions based at least in part on political agendas. People with not a clue as to what Tibbets was asked to do or why, at times seem to be passing judgment on him as though they understand. He is cast on the horns of a dilemma that only he uniquely comprehends. In the twilight of his life, he wishes to be understood for who he is, and more precisely, for his proper place in history.
Right Man, Right Place, Right Time
While an issue is being settled in the most violent and amoral fashion imaginable—war— those who do the settling are glorified. The moment the matter is resolved some of those not involved in the combat begin to recast the event in moralistic and humanistic terms. The two are historically irreconcilable. War and removed dispassion have a disconnect that is unbridgeable. Paul Tibbets is the ultimate victim of this abyss.
He is a man born of an era of rectitude. For reasons probably even he does not fully understand, he has carried this "old-time religion" to something of an extreme. But that is exactly what it took to accomplish the task set before him. He is the almost perfect example of the "right man … in the right place … at the right time."
His guard is always up. When he can spend a day as an unrecognized elder citizen, he is as mellow as a man of his demeanor can be. This is most of the time. When he is "on display," as it were, he is defensive and not without reason.
History in Perspective
Consider these facts: He is the man who led our first heavy bomber mission over occupied Europe yet he is bereft of honors. He is the man who led the operational portion of the B-29 service test program, which was quite literally a no-win situation. He is the man who created, trained, and led the 509th Composite Group in the atomic bombing mission. For this, he is reviled by some. He is the man who led the Air Force B-47 service test program in Project WIBAC in the late 1940s and brought the airplane into operation a year and a half ahead of plan.
He is the man who in 1956 took over a failing SAC wing, the 308th, and turned it around from the worst in the second Air Force to the best. Two and a half years later, he repeated the performance with the 6th Air Division at McDill Air Force Base. Upon retirement, he took over a failing jet taxi company, Executive Jet, and created the world's largest and most successful executive charter service.
Historically, one is left to ponder what more one man could do in the service of his country. Paul Tibbets is about as good as a great nation can ask. Would that there were more like him. At a time and a place when great resolve and ability were most needed, he stood in the breech. It is not too hyperbolic to say that for a brief moment in time the fate of the world was placed in his hands. Paul Tibbets did not flinch, and he was not found wanting. The historical status he merits is not the one he now holds.
Putting the Atomic Bomb in Context
In the case of the two atomic attacks, the salient points are these:
President Roosevelt was informed in 1939 that there were extreme possibilities in the form of a super weapon within the application of nuclear power as it related to the fission of certain materials. It was known that Germany was working on such a project.
In 1942 work was sufficiently advanced to go beyond concept to begin the creation of a practical weapons system and build and deliver an atomic bomb.
By the time of the Trinity test, the United States had spent two and a half years and over two billion dollars on a supposedly war-ending weapon.
In April 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was succeeded in office by Vice President Harry S. Truman. Upon accession to the presidency, Truman knew nothing of the Manhattan Project.
Given his short time in office, he availed himself of what he perceived to be the best advice extant as to the use of the bomb.
Japan the More Adamant Threat in the Eyes of Washington
When Mr. Truman took office these were the global war facts as known at that time:
Germany had been a beaten nation for at least a year. Yet, it had fought on until the entire country was overrun, at a cost of at least another six million lives in that last year of the war in Europe.
It was the general consensus by the powers in Washington and in the field that Japan was a more adamant foe than was Germany.
Although Japan was losing the island war in the Pacific theater, it had an army of 1.5 million men that was still all-conquering on the Asian mainland in China.
The conquest of the Marianas, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa gave every indication that the defense of the home islands would be a bloodbath beyond description.
When one considers that President Truman had inherited what was perceived to be a possibly war-ending program (The Manhattan Project) that had been started by a predecessor who was widely held to be a national treasure (and today is considered by many to be the greatest president of the 20th century), it is inconceivable that this unknown man from Missouri would cast aside the resulting weapon and let the killing continue for an indefinite period.
Had Truman demurred and let the war go on for whatever time it would have taken and then word leaked out, as surely it would have, that we had possessed and did not use a possibly war-ending weapon, he would have been impeached in short order. And rightfully so.
Anyone who takes a stance contrary to this action simply does not understand the government of the United States, the attitude of the nation in 1945, or how democracies work.
Given the times, the decision to drop the bomb was, in today's parlance, a no-brainer. Truman had no choice and neither did Paul Tibbets. They both did their duty and by so doing the killing stopped at 54 million.
Meeting Tibbets in Person
I got to meet General Tibbets in 1997. He was making a tour of the country to promote a painting of the famed B-29 named Enola Gay on its historic mission.
The venue was a hangar at the airport in Salem, Oregon. When I arrived at the facility, I was struck by the fact that most of the people who came had no notion of what he looked like. They knew him by reputation alone. I knew exactly who I was looking for and spotted him across the hangar walking slowly, looking at the artwork on display.
If one can be 80 plus years old and still be described as fiery, Paul Tibbets is that man. Any stranger who approaches him is presumed to be hostile until proven otherwise.
When I presented myself I was not just cordial, I was deferential. I had what I thought was the ideal icebreaker. One of his officers in the 509th had been my squadron commander in SAC. Moreover, he had been the Air Force technical advisor in the making of the film Above and Beyond. Still, I was treated with what amounted to hostility. Fortunately, I was prepared for it. Any good historian knows his subject.
I knew where he was coming from.
I cannot say that we parted on a plain of 'bon ami,' but when I left, having accomplished my goals, he was at least not in the en garde position. The parting handshake was more than a pro forma gesture.
Originally Published August 7, 2014
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August 19, 2016 Research No comments
An entangled flexible MOF for capture of CO2 and store/ separation of (C1-C3) hydrocarbons
Globally the swift growth of industrial sectors has immensely shuddered the environmental balance, particularly due to large quantity of greenhouse gas emission from the fossil fuel combustion. Therefore the capture of greenhouse gas, such as CO2 and also its separation from the gas mixtures at ambient conditions is important. Metal-organic frameworks, a class of crystalline permanently porous material has been found to be a promising candidate to address this issue. By virtue of its periodic well defined structure, it is possible to simulate its porous properties and thus design of suitable porous structure for CO2 capture and separation is viable. To embark upon we sought for an entangled framework with pore surface carved with polar functional groups and aromatic π clouds. {[Zn2(bdc)2(bpNDI)]⋅4DMF}n (bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, bpNDI = N,N′-bis-(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide), is such a twofold entangled framework with imide (R2NC=O) functionalized pore surface (Fig. 1). Most importantly, the 3D framework contains two different adsorption sites created by the entanglement of two different nets. The framework also shows guest specific dynamic structural transformation based on the mutual sliding of the two 3D entangled nets and structural flexibility is comprehended from the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and stepwise adsorption of gases like CO2 and C2H2 at 195 K. At 273 and 298 K, CO2 uptakmounts are 14.7 wt% and 12.7 wt%, respectively. In contrast, framework reveals little uptake of N2 and CH4 at 298 K. Thus it is an ideal system to separate CO2 from N2 and CH4. It is worth mentioning that flue gas (emission from coal-fired power plant) contains ~76% N2 and ~13 % CO2 and rests are water vapor (~6%) and oxides of N2 and sulphur. Similarly natural gas (mainly CH4) also contains certain amount of non-calorific CO2. Thus separation of CO2 from N2 and CH4 is of paramount importance. Thus we have tested this framework for CO2 separation from a binary mixture of CO2/N2 (15:85 v/v) and CO2 /CH4 (50:50 V/V) by breakthrough column experiments (Fig. 1). Indeed, this dynamic framework showed as an efficient CO2 separation material at ambient conditions.
Fig. 1. Two-fold interpenetrated dynamic porous metal-organic frameowork. The framewok showed selective CO2 capture and potential for separation of CO2 from N2 and CH4 gas mixture. The framework also adsorb significant amount of different C2-C3 hydrocarbons and poetentail for separation of C2H6from CH4 as realized by breakthrough column xperiments.
In addition to the above described applications, this framework can also adsorb different C2-C3 hydrocarbons. As mentioned before, the rapid growth of industrialization also demands continuous supply of energy and hence searches for alternative fuel source and their storage is in high demand. Light hydrocarbons such as CH4 (methane), C2H2 (acetylene), C2H4 (ethylene), C2H6 (ethane), C3H6 (propene), and C3H8 (propane) are known to be used as feedstock for numerous industrially important materials and also can serve as resource of energy as a fuel. At 298 K, the activated framework can adsorb 81, 44, 49 and 43 cc/g of C2H2, C2H4, C2H6 and C3H8, respectively. The adsorption capacity is in accordance to the kinetic diameter and adsorbent-adsorbate interactions in the hydrophobic pore surface. Using IAST calculations and breakthrough measurements of the gas mixtures (C2H6/CH4, 50:50 V/V) we could also confirm the selective capture of ethane (C2H6) in this porous functionalized framework (Fig. 1).
In brief, the entangled functionalized porous framework showed as a potential material for CO2 capture and also revealed its potential to separate hydrocarbons and CO2 from mixture of gases at ambient condition. In absence of unsaturated metal sites, such prolific efficiency to selectively capture and separate gases is rarely achieved.
Tapas K. Maji
Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research,
Dynamic Entangled Porous Framework for Hydrocarbon (C2-C3) Storage, CO2 Capture, and Separation.
Sikdar N, Bonakala S, Haldar R, Balasubramanian S, Maji TK
Chemistry. 2016 Apr 18
Functionalized metal-organic frameworks for… Remember the small yet eye-catchy "Pick 5 differences" column in your Sunday daily every week?! An arduous session of mental exercise used to follow thereafter, to recognize the minute alterations…
Molecular motion of propane in silica pores:… Understanding how fluids, and notably hydrocarbon gases, seep through porous rocks in the terrestrial environment is essential to understand the fundamental processes involved and also to aid better recovery of…
Low temperature behavior of propane confined in… Behavior of fluids is known to differ when they are confined in pores with typical diameters of a few nanometers. In nature this scenario plays out in a lot of…
How will China's development of wind power… As a non-fossil technology, wind power has an enormous advantage over coal because of its role in climate change mitigation. Despite wind power may not be a pure zero-emission technology…
Efficient co-adsorption of multiple types of… Contaminants in real water are typically very complicated, and various types of contaminants usually coexist. For example, in the textile industries, the discharged dyeing effluents also contain numerous kinds of…
Multifunctional molecular siblings The interaction of light with matter always ignited the curiosity of researchers and has been a driving force for the discovery and development of new theories, niche technology and novel…
dynamics, hydrocarbon, selectivity, structural

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Kubernetes delete deployment signal I have the following python code:
import time
import os
import signal
from abc import abstractmethod

class Stopper:
    stop = False

    @staticmethod
    def safe_stop(*args):
        Stopper.stop = true

signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, Stopper.safe_stop)
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, Stopper.safe_stop)

while not Stopper.stop:
    print("Running...")
    time.sleep(1)

os.system("touch /mnt/pod/sig")
print("Done")

And I create a deployment that contains an image with the above Python code.
When I delete the deployment using kubectl delete -f sig.yaml my Python code does not create the sig file indication and it's not printing the "Done" message.
At this link: https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/kubernetes-best-practices-terminating-with-grace I see that k8s send SIGINT, SIGTERM signals but nothing happens in my application.
How can I make k8s send the signal to my application? What am I doing wrong?

A: The problem is in your Python code. You need to adjust the class arguments and use Stopper.stop = True (with capitalized T).
The following code worked with Python 3:
import time
import os
import signal
from abc import abstractmethod

class Stopper:
    stop = False

    @abstractmethod
    def safe_stop(self, args):
        Stopper.stop = True

signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, Stopper.safe_stop)
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, Stopper.safe_stop)

while not Stopper.stop:
    print("Running...")
    time.sleep(1)

os.system("touch /mnt/pod/sig")
print("Done")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Jane's Party at the 2023 Mariposa Folk Festival
Jane's Party – It's Been Years (official lyric video) – filmed at 2023 Mariposa Folk Festival
2022 Mariposa Sun Lager, brewed by Sawdust City Brewing
Mariposa Folk Festival Vibe Video
Get excited for the return of the Mariposa Folk Festival, July 8-10, 2022
Mariposa Incubator Series for Emerging Artists – Artistic Panel – Episode Two
Mariposa Folk Festival presents episode number two in the "Mariposa Incubator Series for Emerging Artists" series. This episode includes a panel of 4 industry professionals that included: artistic director Liz Scott, agent Adam Kreeft and two performing artists Alysha Brilla and Kyla Charter.
Mariposa Incubator Series For Emerging Artists presents: Event Smarts with Lance Anderson – Episode 1
Juno and Maple Blues award-winning producer, performer and composer Lance Anderson shares the do's and don't's of being on stage and building your career in the music industry.
Mariposa Sun Lager 2021
Mariposa Folk Festival and Sawdust City Brewing Company have re-launched the Mariposa Sun Lager for the summer of 2021. This time, with a social mission of supporting Unison, Canada's music industry charity.
Mariposa Virtual Stage – Episode 4
Special documentary video to honour the life and career of John Prine, legendary songwriter and winner of the 2020 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Hosted by Tre Burt and featuring footage from House of Strombo, plus performances by Birds of Chicago and Colin Linden
Featuring historical footage of Buffy Sainte-Marie from the 1960's to present, plus Juno Award winner Celeigh Cardinal performing Buffy's "Universal Soldier"
Featuring Joni Mitchell from the 1969 Mariposa Folk Festival plus a Joni song from folk duo Harrow Fair
Mariposa Virtual Stage
An Intimate Session With Serena Ryder
Mariposa Virtual Festival 2020 – featuring Blackie and the Rodeo Kings, This Way North
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d74PPLagW9U
Mariposa Virtual Stage Episode 1 – featuring Gordon Lightfoot & Dala


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text:
Q: How to change a static boolean variable in a button action listener? public class Main
{
  private static boolean SaH=false,LaE=false;

  public static void main(String[] args{
    //other code
    choice1.addActionListener(
            new ActionListener() {
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                     SaH = true;
                     frame.dispose();
                }
            }
        );

   if (SaH==true)
   {
      // more code

When I run the program, the frame goes away via the dispose() method; but it won't enter the if-statement (SaH isn't changing).

A: It looks like Java. The statement if (SaH==true) is executed when the java program loads as it is within main method. If you want to execute it after the dispose() method, then create a new method and call the method straight after dispose() within the actionListener


Arsenal brushed aside the challenge of Steve McClaren's FC Twente to secure a place in the lucrative group stages of the Champions League with a 4-0 victory at Emirates Stadium.
The Gunners - who were already leading 2-0 from the first leg in Holland - impressed from kick-off and it was no surprise when they went ahead through French midfielder Samir Nasri after 27 minutes.
Captain William Gallas added another at the start of the second half, before England hopeful Theo Walcott got the goal his all-action display merited and Nicklas Bendtner tapped in late on to make it a miserable return home for former national-team head coach McClaren, who must now make do with the UEFA Cup.
The Gunners took the lead in the 27th minute when Walcott broke down the right once more, and pulled the ball back to the far side of the box where Robin van Persie stretched to prod it into the path of Nasri.
The £12million Frenchman weaved past his marker before sending in a low shot, which took a slight defection as it rolled into the net.
The hosts continued their aggressive approach and doubled their advantage after 52 minutes.
The ball dropped to Bendtner on the left side of the penalty area and he cut inside before firing in a low shot, which the Twente keeper could only push back into the path of captain Gallas - who slotted home from close range, just as he had done in the first leg.
With the contest now over, it just seemed a matter of how many Arsenal would score to further embarrass the former England boss, who had entered this tie hoping to prove a point or two.
It was 3-0 soon after when Walcott scampered clear and produced a cool finish into the bottom right corner to get the goal his performance merited.
And Bendtner added a tap-in with a minute left, but for McClaren, the final whistle could not come soon enough.


text:
Get Tellurium essential facts below. View Videos or join the Tellurium discussion. Add Tellurium to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
chemical element with atomic number 52
Chemical element, symbol Te and atomic number 52
Tellurium, 52Te
silvery lustrous gray (crystalline),
brown-black powder (amorphous)
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Te)
Tellurium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
p-block
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 18, 6
Phase at STP
722.66 K (449.51 °C, 841.12 °F)
1261 K (988 °C, 1810 °F)
Density (near r.t.)
6.24 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)
17.49 kJ/mol
114.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
25.73 J/(mol·K)
P (Pa)
at T (K)
(775) (888) 1042 1266
Atomic properties
Oxidation states
-2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Pauling scale: 2.1
Ionization energies
1st: 869.3 kJ/mol
2nd: 1790 kJ/mol
3rd: 2698 kJ/mol
Atomic radius
empirical: 140 pm
Covalent radius
138±4 pm
Van der Waals radius
Spectral lines of tellurium
Natural occurrence
trigonal[2]
Speed of sound thin rod
2610 m/s (at 20 °C)
18 µm/(m?K)[3] (at r.t.)
1.97–3.38 W/(m?K)
Magnetic ordering
diamagnetic[4]
Molar magnetic susceptibility
cm3/mol (298 K)[5]
43 GPa
Shear modulus
Bulk modulus
Brinell hardness
after Roman Tellus, deity of the Earth
Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein
First isolation
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Main isotopes of tellurium
Isotope
Abundance
Half-life (t1/2)
Decay mode
Product
120Te
0.09% stable
syn 16.78 d ? 121Sb
0.89%[6] stable
18.84% stable
syn 9.35 h ?- 127I
31.74% 2.2×1024 y ?−?− 128Xe
syn 69.6 min ?- 129I
Category: Tellurium
| references
Tellurium is a chemical element with the symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur, all three of which are chalcogens. It is occasionally found in native form as elemental crystals. Tellurium is far more common in the Universe as a whole than on Earth. Its extreme rarity in the Earth's crust, comparable to that of platinum, is due partly to its formation of a volatile hydride that caused tellurium to be lost to space as a gas during the hot nebular formation of Earth.[7]
Tellurium-bearing compounds were first discovered in 1782 in a gold mine in Kleinschlatten, Transylvania (now Zlatna, Romania) by Austrian mineralogist Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein, although it was Martin Heinrich Klaproth who named the new element in 1798 after the Latin word for "earth", tellus. Gold telluride minerals are the most notable natural gold compounds. However, they are not a commercially significant source of tellurium itself, which is normally extracted as a by-product of copper and lead production.
Commercially, the primary use of tellurium is copper (tellurium copper) and steel alloys, where it improves machinability. Applications in CdTe solar panels and cadmium telluride semiconductors also consume a considerable portion of tellurium production. Tellurium is considered a technology-critical element.
Tellurium has no biological function, although fungi can use it in place of sulfur and selenium in amino acids such as tellurocysteine and telluromethionine.[8] In humans, tellurium is partly metabolized into dimethyl telluride, (CH3)2Te, a gas with a garlic-like odor exhaled in the breath of victims of tellurium exposure or poisoning.
Tellurium has two allotropes, crystalline and amorphous. When crystalline, tellurium is silvery-white with a metallic luster. The crystals are trigonal and chiral (space group 152 or 154 depending on the chirality), like the gray form of selenium. It is a brittle and easily pulverized metalloid. Amorphous tellurium is a black-brown powder prepared by precipitating it from a solution of tellurous acid or telluric acid (Te(OH)6).[9] Tellurium is a semiconductor that shows a greater electrical conductivity in certain directions depending on atomic alignment; the conductivity increases slightly when exposed to light (photoconductivity).[10] When molten, tellurium is corrosive to copper, iron, and stainless steel. Of the chalcogens (oxygen-family elements), tellurium has the highest melting and boiling points, at 722.66 K (449.51 °C) and 1,261 K (988 °C), respectively.[11]
Crystalline tellurium consists of parallel helical chains of Te atoms, with three atoms per turn. This gray material resists oxidation by air and is not volatile.
Naturally occurring tellurium has eight isotopes. Six of those isotopes, 120Te, 122Te, 123Te, 124Te, 125Te, and 126Te, are stable. The other two, 128Te and 130Te, have been found to be slightly radioactive,[12][13][14] with extremely long half-lives, including 2.2 × 1024 years for 128Te. This is the longest known half-life among all radionuclides[15] and is about 160 trillion (1012) times the age of the known universe. Stable isotopes comprise only 33.2% of naturally occurring tellurium.
A further 31 artificial radioisotopes of tellurium are known, with atomic masses ranging from 104 to 142 and with half-lives of 19 days or less. Also, 17 nuclear isomers are known, with half-lives up to 154 days. With the exception of beryllium-8 and beta-delayed alpha emission branches in some lighter nuclides, tellurium (104Te to 109Te) is the lightest element with isotopes known to undergo alpha decay.[12]
The atomic mass of tellurium exceeds that of iodine , the next element in the periodic table.[16]
Tellurium on quartz (Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico)
Native tellurium crystal on sylvanite (Vatukoula, Viti Levu, Fiji). Picture width 2 mm.
With an abundance in the Earth's crust comparable to that of platinum (about 1 µg/kg), tellurium is one of the rarest stable solid elements.[17] In comparison, even thulium, the rarest of the stable lanthanides have crustal abundances of 500 µg/kg (see Abundance of the chemical elements).[18]
This rarity of tellurium in the Earth's crust is not a reflection of its cosmic abundance. Tellurium is more abundant than rubidium in the cosmos, though rubidium is 10,000 times more abundant in the Earth's crust. The rarity of tellurium on Earth is thought to be caused by conditions during preaccretional sorting in the solar nebula, when the stable form of certain elements, in the absence of oxygen and water, was controlled by the reductive power of free hydrogen. Under this scenario, certain elements that form volatile hydrides, such as tellurium, were severely depleted through evaporation of these hydrides. Tellurium and selenium are the heavy elements most depleted by this process.[7]
Tellurium is sometimes found in its native (i.e., elemental) form, but is more often found as the tellurides of gold such as calaverite and krennerite (two different polymorphs of AuTe2), petzite, Ag3AuTe2, and sylvanite, AgAuTe4. The town of Telluride, Colorado, was named in hope of a strike of gold telluride (which never materialized, though gold metal ore was found). Gold itself is usually found uncombined, but when found as a chemical compound, it is most often combined with tellurium.
Although tellurium is found with gold more often than in uncombined form, it is found even more often combined as tellurides of more common metals (e.g. melonite, NiTe2). Natural tellurite and tellurate minerals also occur, formed by oxidation of tellurides near the Earth's surface. In contrast to selenium, tellurium does not usually replace sulfur in minerals because of the great difference in ion radii. Thus, many common sulfide minerals contain substantial quantities of selenium and only traces of tellurium.[19]
In the gold rush of 1893, miners in Kalgoorlie discarded a pyritic material as they searched for pure gold, and it was used to fill in potholes and build sidewalks. In 1896, that tailing was discovered to be calaverite, a telluride of gold, and it sparked a second gold rush that included mining the streets.[20]
Klaproth named the new element and credited von Reichenstein with its discovery
Tellurium (Latin tellus meaning "earth") was discovered in the 18th century in a gold ore from the mines in Kleinschlatten (today Zlatna), near today's city of Alba Iulia, Romania. This ore was known as "Faczebajer weißes blättriges Golderz" (white leafy gold ore from Faczebaja, German name of Facebánya, now Fa?a B?ii in Alba County) or antimonalischer Goldkies (antimonic gold pyrite), and according to Anton von Rupprecht, was Spießglaskönig (argent molybdique), containing native antimony.[21][22] In 1782 Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein, who was then serving as the Austrian chief inspector of mines in Transylvania, concluded that the ore did not contain antimony but was bismuth sulfide.[23] The following year, he reported that this was erroneous and that the ore contained mostly gold and an unknown metal very similar to antimony. After a thorough investigation that lasted three years and included more than fifty tests, Müller determined the specific gravity of the mineral and noted that when heated, the new metal gives off a white smoke with a radish-like odor; that it imparts a red color to sulfuric acid; and that when this solution is diluted with water, it has a black precipitate. Nevertheless, he was not able to identify this metal and gave it the names aurum paradoxum (paradoxical gold) and metallum problematicum (problem metal), because it did not exhibit the properties predicted for antimony.[24][25][26]
In 1789, a Hungarian scientist, Pál Kitaibel, discovered the element independently in an ore from Deutsch-Pilsen that had been regarded as argentiferous molybdenite, but later he gave the credit to Müller. In 1798, it was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who had earlier isolated it from the mineral calaverite.[27][25][26][28]
The 1960s brought an increase in thermoelectric applications for tellurium (as bismuth telluride), and in free-machining steel alloys, which became the dominant use.[29]
Most Te (and Se) is obtained from porphyry copper deposits, where it occurs in trace amounts.[30] The element is recovered from anode sludges from the electrolytic refining of blister copper. It is a component of dusts from blast furnace refining of lead. Treatment of 1000 tons of copper ore typically yields one kilogram (2.2 pounds) of tellurium.
Tellurium production 2006
The anode sludges contain the selenides and tellurides of the noble metals in compounds with the formula M2Se or M2Te (M = Cu, Ag, Au). At temperatures of 500 °C the anode sludges are roasted with sodium carbonate under air. The metal ions are reduced to the metals, while the telluride is converted to sodium tellurite.[31]
M2Te + O2 + Na2CO3 -> Na2TeO3 + 2 M + CO2
Tellurites can be leached from the mixture with water and are normally present as hydrotellurites HTeO3- in solution. Selenites are also formed during this process, but they can be separated by adding sulfuric acid. The hydrotellurites are converted into the insoluble tellurium dioxide while the selenites stay in solution.[31]
+ OH- + H2SO4 -> TeO2 + + 2 H2O
The metal is produced from the oxide (reduced) either by electrolysis or by reacting the tellurium dioxide with sulfur dioxide in sulfuric acid.[31]
TeO2 + 2 SO2 + 2H2O -> Te + 2 + 4 H+
Commercial-grade tellurium is usually marketed as 200-mesh powder but is also available as slabs, ingots, sticks, or lumps. The year-end price for tellurium in 2000 was US$14 per pound. In recent years, the tellurium price was driven up by increased demand and limited supply, reaching as high as US$100 per pound in 2006.[32][33] Despite the expectation that improved production methods will double production, the United States Department of Energy (DoE) anticipates a supply shortfall of tellurium by 2025.[34]
Tellurium is produced mainly in the United States, Peru, Japan and Canada.[35] The British Geological Survey gives the following production numbers for 2009: United States 50 t, Peru 7 t, Japan 40 t and Canada 16 t.[36]
Tellurium belongs to the chalcogen (group 16) family of elements on the periodic table, which also includes oxygen, sulfur, selenium and polonium: Tellurium and selenium compounds are similar. Tellurium exhibits the oxidation states -2, +2, +4 and +6, with +4 being most common.[9]
Reduction of Te metal produces the tellurides and polytellurides, Ten2-. The -2 oxidation state is exhibited in binary compounds with many metals, such as zinc telluride, , produced by heating tellurium with zinc.[37] Decomposition of with hydrochloric acid yields hydrogen telluride , a highly unstable analogue of the other chalcogen hydrides, , and :
ZnTe + 2 HCl -> +
is unstable, whereas salts of its conjugate base [TeH]- are stable.
The +2 oxidation state is exhibited by the dihalides, , and . The dihalides have not been obtained in pure form,[38] although they are known decomposition products of the tetrahalides in organic solvents, and the derived tetrahalotellurates are well-characterized:
Te + + 2 ->
where X is Cl, Br, or I. These anions are square planar in geometry.[38] Polynuclear anionic species also exist, such as the dark brown
2,[38] and the black
4.[38]
With fluorine Te forms the mixed-valence and . In the +6 oxidation state, the structural group occurs in a number of compounds such as , , , and .[39] The square antiprismatic anion is also attested.[31] The other halogens do not form halides with tellurium in the +6 oxidation state, but only tetrahalides (, and ) in the +4 state, and other lower halides (, , , and two forms of ). In the +4 oxidation state, halotellurate anions are known, such as and . Halotellurium cations are also attested, including , found in .[40]
Oxocompounds
A sample of tellurium dioxide powder
Tellurium monoxide was first reported in 1883 as a black amorphous solid formed by the heat decomposition of in vacuum, disproportionating into tellurium dioxide, and elemental tellurium upon heating.[41][42] Since then, however, existence in the solid phase is doubted and in dispute, although it is known as a vapor fragment; the black solid may be merely an equimolar mixture of elemental tellurium and tellurium dioxide.[43]
Tellurium dioxide is formed by heating tellurium in air, where it burns with a blue flame.[37] Tellurium trioxide, ?-, is obtained by thermal decomposition of . The other two forms of trioxide reported in the literature, the ?- and ?- forms, were found not to be true oxides of tellurium in the +6 oxidation state, but a mixture of , and .[44] Tellurium also exhibits mixed-valence oxides, and .[44]
The tellurium oxides and hydrated oxides form a series of acids, including tellurous acid , orthotelluric acid and metatelluric acid .[43] The two forms of telluric acid form tellurate salts containing the TeO2-
4 and TeO6-
6 anions, respectively. Tellurous acid forms tellurite salts containing the anion TeO2-
Zintl cations
When tellurium is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, the result is a red solution of the Zintl ion, .[45] The oxidation of tellurium by in liquid produces the same square planar cation, in addition to the trigonal prismatic, yellow-orange :[31]
4 Te + 3 -> +
6 Te + 6 -> + 2
Other tellurium Zintl cations include the polymeric and the blue-black , consisting of two fused 5-membered tellurium rings. The latter cation is formed by the reaction of tellurium with tungsten hexachloride:[31]
8 Te + 2 ->
Interchalcogen cations also exist, such as (distorted cubic geometry) and . These are formed by oxidizing mixtures of tellurium and selenium with or .[31]
Organotellurium compounds
Tellurium does not readily form analogues of alcohols and thiols, with the functional group -TeH, that are called tellurols. The -TeH functional group is also attributed using the prefix tellanyl-.[46] Like H2Te, these species are unstable with respect to loss of hydrogen. Telluraethers (R-Te-R) are more stable, as are telluroxides.
The largest consumer of tellurium is metallurgy in iron, stainless steel, copper, and lead alloys. The addition to steel and copper produces an alloy more machinable than otherwise. It is alloyed into cast iron for promoting chill for spectroscopy, where the presence of electrically conductive free graphite tends to interfere with spark emission testing results. In lead, tellurium improves strength and durability, and decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid.[29][47]
Tellurium oxides are components of commercial oxidation catalysts. Te-containing catalysts are used for the ammoxidation route to acrylonitrile (CH2=CH-C?N):[48]
2 CH3-CH=CH2 + 2 NH3 + 3 O2 -> 2 CH2=CH-C?N + 6 H2O
Related catalysts are used in the production of tetramethylene glycol:
CH3CH2CH2CH3 + O2 -> HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH
Synthetic rubber vulcanized with tellurium shows mechanical and thermal properties that in some ways are superior to sulfur-vulcanized materials.[49][48]
Tellurium compounds are specialized pigments for ceramics.[50]
Selenides and tellurides greatly increase the optical refraction of glass widely used in glass optical fibers for telecommunications.[51][52]
Mixtures of selenium and tellurium are used with barium peroxide as an oxidizer in the delay powder of electric blasting caps.[53]
Neutron bombardment of tellurium is the most common way to produce iodine-131.[54] This in turn is used to treat some thyroid conditions, and as a tracer compound in hydraulic fracturing, among other applications.
Semiconductor and electronic
Because of its low electronegativity, tellurium form a variety of materials with small band gaps, which are addressable by relatively long wavelength light. This feature is the basis for potential applications in photoconductive materials, solar cells, infrared detectors. The main concern holding back some application are the modest stability of these materials and concerns about environmental impact.
A CdTe photovoltaic array
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar panels exhibit some of the greatest efficiencies for solar cell electric power generators.[55]
-based X-ray detectors have been demonstrated.[56]
mercury cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material that is sensitive to infrared radiation.[57]
Organotellurium compounds are mainly of interest in the research context. Several have been examined such as precursors for metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy growth of II-VI compound semiconductors. These precursor compounds include dimethyl telluride, diethyl telluride, diisopropyl telluride, diallyl telluride, and methyl allyl telluride.[58] Diisopropyl telluride (DIPTe) is the preferred precursor for low-temperature growth of CdHgTe by MOVPE.[59] The greatest purity metalorganics of both selenium and tellurium are used in these processes. The compounds for semiconductor industry and are prepared by adduct purification.[60][61]
Tellurium suboxide is used in the media layer of rewritable optical discs, including ReWritable Compact Discs (CD-RW), ReWritable Digital Video Discs (DVD-RW), and ReWritable Blu-ray Discs.[62][63]
Tellurium dioxide is used to create acousto-optic modulators (AOTFs and AOBSs) for confocal microscopy.
Tellurium is used in the phase change memory chips[64] developed by Intel.[65] Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and lead telluride are working elements of thermoelectric devices. Lead telluride exhibits promise in far-infrared detectors.
Photocathodes
Tellurium shows up in a number of photocathodes used in solar blind photomultiplier tubes[66] and for high brightness photoinjectors driving modern particle accelerators. The photocathode Cs-Te, which is predominantly Cs2Te, has a photoemission threshold of 3.5 eV and exhibits the uncommon combination of high quantum efficiency (>10%) and high durability in poor vacuum environments (lasting for months under use in RF electron guns).[67] This has made it the go to choice for photoemission electron guns used in driving free electron lasers.[68] In this application, it is usually driven at the wavelength 267 nm which is the third harmonic of commonly used Ti-sapphire lasers. More Te containing photocathodes have been grown using other alkali metals such as rubidium, Potassium, and Sodium, but they have not found the same popularity that Cs-Te has enjoyed.[69][70]
Biological role
Tellurium has no known biological function, although fungi can incorporate it in place of sulfur and selenium into amino acids such as telluro-cysteine and telluro-methionine.[8][71] Organisms have shown a highly variable tolerance to tellurium compounds. Many bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, take up tellurite and reduce it to elemental tellurium, which accumulates and causes a characteristic and often dramatic darkening of cells.[72] In yeast, this reduction is mediated by the sulfate assimilation pathway.[73] Tellurium accumulation seems to account for a major part of the toxicity effects. Many organisms also metabolize tellurium partly to form dimethyl telluride, although dimethyl ditelluride is also formed by some species. Dimethyl telluride has been observed in hot springs at very low concentrations.[74][75]
Tellurite agar is used to identify members of the corynebacterium genus, most typically Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogen responsible for diphtheria.[76]
GHS labelling:
H317, H332, H360, H412[77]
P201, P261, P280, P308+P313[78]
Tellurium and tellurium compounds are considered to be mildly toxic and need to be handled with care, although acute poisoning is rare.[79] Tellurium poisoning is particularly difficult to treat as many chelation agents used in the treatment of metal poisoning will increase the toxicity of tellurium. Tellurium is not reported to be carcinogenic.[79]
Humans exposed to as little as 0.01 mg/m3 or less in air exude a foul garlic-like odor known as "tellurium breath".[50][80] This is caused by the body converting tellurium from any oxidation state to dimethyl telluride, (CH3)2Te. This is a volatile compound with a pungent garlic-like smell. Even though the metabolic pathways of tellurium are not known, it is generally assumed that they resemble those of the more extensively studied selenium because the final methylated metabolic products of the two elements are similar.[81][82][83]
People can be exposed to tellurium in the workplace by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) limits (permissible exposure limit) tellurium exposure in the workplace to 0.1 mg/m3 over an eight-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set the recommended exposure limit (REL) at 0.1 mg/m3 over an eight-hour workday. In concentrations of 25 mg/m3, tellurium is immediately dangerous to life and health.[84]
The 1862 telluric helix of Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois.
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^ a b Anderson, Don L.; "Chemical Composition of the Mantle" in Theory of the Earth, pp. 147-175 ISBN 0865421234
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^ "WWW Table of Radioactive Isotopes: Tellurium". Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-02-05. Retrieved .
^ Alessandrello, A.; Arnaboldi, C.; Brofferio, C.; Capelli, S.; Cremonesi, O.; Fiorini, E.; Nucciotti, A.; Pavan, M.; Pessina, G.; Pirro, S.; Previtali, E.; Sisti, M.; Vanzini, M.; Zanotti, L.; Giuliani, A.; Pedretti, M.; Bucci, C.; Pobes, C. (2003). "New limits on naturally occurring electron capture of 123Te". Physical Review C. 67 (1): 014323. arXiv:hep-ex/0211015. Bibcode:2003PhRvC..67a4323A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014323. S2CID 119523039.
^ "Noble Gas Research". Laboratory for Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis. 2008. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved .
^ Emsley, John (2003). "Tellurium". Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 426-429. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8.
^ Ayres, Robert U.; Ayres, Leslie (2002). A handbook of industrial ecology. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 396. ISBN 1-84064-506-7.
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^ Fortey, Richard (2004). The Earth: An Intimate History. Harper Perennial. p. 230. ISBN 978-0-00-257011-4.
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^ Müller, F. J. (1783). "Über den vermeintlichen natürlichen Spiessglaskönig". Physikalische Arbeiten der Einträchtigen Freunde in Wien. 1 (1): 57-59.
^ von Reichenstein, F. J. M. (1783). "Versuche mit dem in der Grube Mariahilf in dem Gebirge Fazebay bey Zalathna vorkommenden vermeinten gediegenen Spiesglaskönig" [Experiments with supposedly native antimony occurring in the Mariahilf mine in the Fazeby mountains near Zalathna]. Physikalische Arbeiten der Einträchtigen Freunde in Wien. 1783 (1.Quartal): 63-69.
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^ Saha, Gopal B. (2001). "Cadmium zinc telluride detector". Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine. New York: Springer. pp. 87-88. ISBN 978-0-387-95021-1.
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^ "Tellurium 452378". Sigma-Aldrich.
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^ Wright, PL; B (1966). "Comparative metabolism of selenium and tellurium in sheep and swine". American Journal of Physiology. Legacy Content. 211 (1): 6-10. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1966.211.1.6. PMID 5911055.
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^ Taylor, Andrew (1996). "Biochemistry of tellurium". Biological Trace Element Research. 55 (3): 231-239. doi:10.1007/BF02785282. PMID 9096851. S2CID 10691234.
^ "CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Tellurium". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved .
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Q: Cannot install VLC Media Player I am having problems with:
vlc: Depends: vlc-nox (= 2.1.6-0ubuntu14.04.1) but
    2.1.6-0ubuntu14.04.1 is to be installed
         Depends: libc6 (>= 2.15) but 2.19-0ubuntu6.6 is to be installed
         Depends: libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1) but 2.5.2-1ubuntu2.4 is to be installed
         Depends: libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1) but 1:4.9.1-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
         Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8.0) but 4:4.8.5+git192-g085f851+dfsg-2ubuntu4 is to be installed
         Depends: libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.0) but 4:4.8.5+git192-g085f851+dfsg-2ubuntu4 is to be installed
         Depends: libstdc++6 (>= 4.6) but 4.8.2-19ubuntu1 is to be installed
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A: Type software-properties-gtk in terminal CTRL+Alt+T as root and make sure that the restricted and universe repositories are enabled.
Then try this,
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

then try to install vlc again
sudo apt-get install vlc browser-plugin-vlc


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Home / policy / Kadyrov explained why his hand was a medical catheter
Kadyrov explained why his hand was a medical catheter
30.05.2020 policy 91 Views
During yesterday's meeting of the operational headquarters for the fight against coronavirus in Chechnya on the hand of the head of Republic Ramzan Kadyrov was a medical catheter, it got to the footage of the TV channel GTRK "Grozny", later the story was removed, but a fragment published "Novaya Gazeta".
Today the head of the Republic appeared live in Instagram his assistant Ahmed Dudaev, where they talked about his condition including. This time of the catheter on the hand of the head of Chechnya was not. According to officials, he was put on a drip for lifting immunity.
"Even if I'm sick, there are millions of people infected with coronavirus, tens of thousands died, am I not a man? Have no right to get sick? Do not have the right to set up a drip and to raise immunity, hemoglobin? I'm a perfectly healthy person (quoted by RIA "Novosti")," — said Kadyrov.
We will remind, on may 22, Baza passed, that Kadyrov is in hospital in serious condition, doctors diagnosed him with a coronavirus. It was also reported that the leader of Chechnya is in the Moscow clinic.
Subsequently, the speaker of the Republican Parliament and the head of the regional oberstab Magomed Daudov said that the head of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, healthy, and rumors of his infection COVID-19 not true.
Tags catheter explained kadyrov medical
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Charnwood
Riders.Basketball
Tag: Kate Oliver
Riders Media - 20th August 2020
Oliver, Gaskin and Hinriksdóttir return to the Riders.
Kate Oliver, Christina Gaskin and Sara Hinriksdóttir return to Riders for the 2020-21 season as they finish their masters with the Loughborough School of Business and Economics.
Kate Oliver enters her fourth season in the WBBL. The Australian Center asserted her presence in the league by averaging 15.9 points, 9.3 rebounds and 1.7 blocks per game. The 2x Trophy MVP had eight appearances in the weekly All-Star Five.
"I want to enjoy the season, making the most of the opportunity to be back on the court and building team camaraderie with a new squad," said Oliver. "As we have experienced, it can all be taken away in an instant, so capitalising on the time we have on court and with each other is going to be paramount this season.
"It's a shame last year's squad didn't get to reach its full potential but I am excited to see what we can do this season."
Christina Gaskin brought energy, versatility and athleticism to the Riders. Last season the GB forward averaged 5.3 points, 5.7 rebounds and 2.8 assists during the WBBL Championship and appeared twice on the weekly All-Star Five.
"Last season we were very competitive and although I'm grateful that we got to finish on a high, I feel like we have unfinished business", commented Gaskin.
"I'm excited to defend our title and build upon last year with new faces and dominant returners".
Sara Hinriksdóttirr had a strong 2019-2020 season for the Riders after averaging 16.9 points and 6.1 rebounds during the WBBL Championship. The Icelandic guard earned the 2020 WBBL Trophy Final MVP award after leading the Riders with a game-high 23 points as well as 7 rebounds.
"I've been itching to be back playing and compete again," commented Sara. "I'm excited to pick up where we left off and help build a quality team in the league."
Riders have now announced six players for the upcoming WBBL season, which also include Holly Winterburn, Whitney Allen and Ella Clark.
Three All-Star Five Selections
Back-to-back Wins on the Weekend
Levenston elected to BE board
Two more All-Star Five Selections
2018 WBBL Trophy
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- Website by fiveorsix
Address: Morningside Arena, Charter Street, Leicester LE1 3UD


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Home » Businessman » Killer: Robert Durst Death Cause And Obituary -How Did He Die? Everything To Know
Killer: Robert Durst Death Cause And Obituary -How Did He Die? Everything To Know
Killer: Robert Durst Death Cause And Obituary -How Did He Die?
Who Is Robert Durst Wife?
Robert Durst Net Worth 2022
Robert Durst passes away at the age of 78 due to cardiac arrest. He was incarcerated for the rest of his life. Find out more about him.
Robert Durst was a fugitive after being a suspect in three heinous murders. Durst was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison in September for the deadly shooting of a confidante.
According to his attorney, Natural causes led to his death, linked to several medical issues, and the authorities were unconcerned about his health.
Robert Durst, wealthy real estate heir convicted of murdering friend, dies at 78 https://t.co/wlyhUpKIQu
— CBS 42 (@CBS_42) January 10, 2022
Robert Durst, the disgraced multimillionaire real estate heir, and the convicted killer have died. At the time of his death, he was 78 years old.
Mr. Lewis, Robert's lawyer, revealed he went into cardiac arrest and could not be resuscitated.
Durst had been serving a life sentence for the murder of his longtime confidante Susan Berman at the California Health Care Facility.
Durst's death was confirmed at the San Joaquin General Hospital, where he had been brought for testing.
His death was caused by natural causes linked to a slew of medical conditions, as per his lawyer.
Durst tested positive for Covid-19 shortly after his conviction for Berman's murder in October and was sent to the hospital, where he was put on a ventilator.
Robert was having trouble breathing and talking, according to his attorney at the time.
He appeared unwell, fragile, and occasionally confused throughout the latest experiment, even before the diagnosis.
Robert Durst, Real Estate Scion Convicted as a Killer, Dies at 78 https://t.co/PjJqqocTmv
— New York News (@NewYorkSEO123) January 10, 2022
Robert Durst was first married to Kathleen McCormack in 1973.
Robert was charged with second-degree murder in the long-unsolved disappearance of his wife.
Kathie Durst vanished after an altercation with her husband, and her body was never discovered.
He again got married to Debrah Lee Charatan in 2000.
Charatan, a 64-year-old real estate broker, was born and raised in New York City.
She is currently the co-owner of BCB Property Management with Bennat Berger, her son from a previous marriage.
Robert Durst Dies Still Facing Murder Charge in First Wife's Death https://t.co/SqcXETviQq
Rоbеrt Durt has an estimated net worth of $75 million as of January 2022, as per the sources. He hаs mаdе thе mоst оf hеr fоrtunе with hеr саrееr bеing а rеаl еtаtе hеir.
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I got 100 Players to Compete ONLY Landing at TILTED TOWERS... (it's back!)
Playing Fortnite W/MrTwoPunch and other people
*Live Fortnite* NAE Custom Scrims if we get enough People! (Fortnite Live Stream Now)
I played scuffed fortnite...
Reacting to the FASTEST EDITOR in Chapter 3 Fortnite...


Until recently, one of the biggest challenges for cybercriminals has been matching a target with an exploit. While newer attacks might be preloaded with multiple exploits, many still function like a traditional waterhole. More proactive attacks, like worms, also spread via multiple exploits, but they still tend to be "dumb worms" that can use only whatever they have been loaded with.
Over the past few months, however, new malware trends have arisen. Recent Internet of Things (IoT) botnets, such as Reaper and Hajime, have not only been designed to target multiple vulnerabilities simultaneously but they also have the capability to attack "a la carte" by intelligently selecting an attack method from a growing exploit base.
Reaper's flexible framework, for example, means that its code can be easily updated on the fly to run new and more malicious attacks as soon as they become available. The technique is clearly effective, as exploit volumes associated with Reaper after it appeared last October jumped from 50,000 to 2.7 million in just a few days.
And now, there is a new toolkit known as AutoSploit, which is an automated mass exploiter. This new tool automates the exploitation of remote hosts by collecting specific targets through online search engines such as Shodan or ZoomEye that are designed to locate specific connected devices. It includes additional options to further customize targets and host lists. Once a set of targets has been identified, it leverages the penetration testing tool Metasploit to target those devices.
This brings the idea of malware-as-a-service to a whole new level. Because it is open source, even individuals with limited technical skills can now run their own cybercriminal enterprises by targeting and launching attacks through a nearly entirely automated system.
From there, AutoSploit will empower people to build large swarm networks. This will enable traditionally dumb botnets to now function as swarms that can accelerate an attack as a cooperative, integrated system. Simple swarm intelligence will refine this process even further, as individual swarmbots will be able to share real-time information about which exploits are the most successful and shorten the time between targeting and compromise. This will also help cybercriminals better guarantee a return on their investment. These capabilities already exist in the wild.
The next step is to more effectively hide malware once it has successfully breached a network's defenses. The next generation of self-camouflaging assembler malware will be able to dynamically assemble bits of code from all over the Internet. This would allow local swarms to be built by code stitching itself together through a careful assembly process rather than using a single monolithic block of code that could easily be detected. Adding simple machine learning functionality would then permit a mutant attack to monitor and mimic traffic patterns to avoid detection by tools looking for aberrant behaviors.
The problem is compounded further by the ongoing expansion of the attack surface as organizations add things like software-defined networking, cloud infrastructure and services, mobile user, and IoT devices to their networks. Very few legacy security solutions are able to even detect these sorts of attacks, let alone prevent them.
Patch your devices. Targeted, automated attacks like AutoSploit mean that your vulnerable systems and devices are more exposed than ever. If they are too old (or too new) to patch, replace them. If you can't replace them, then harden them, hide them, isolate them, or secure them behind advanced security tools such as intrusion-prevention systems and sandboxes.
Segment your network. Leveraging segmentation and microsegmentation ensures that once a device is compromised, the attack is limited to a small portion of your network. Passive segmentation, however, is just the start. What is also needed is agile macro segmentation for dynamic and adaptive defense against new, intelligent attacks.
Rethink your security strategy. Your security strategy needs to undergo digital transformation. Start by designing a flexible, adaptive security fabric that spans the network as a single, organic entity. Then tie that fabric to an integrated threat intelligence feed to ensure your network defenses constantly receive the latest threat profiles. This becomes the foundation for future hive defense strategies.
Leverage open integration standards. Combining best practices, centralized orchestration and advanced, purpose-built components provides the speed, scale, and intelligence required to secure today's networks. This architectural approach extends visibility and protection across the entire attack surface, from remote devices to deep in the data center and from IoT to the cloud. This lets you secure any digital resource in any deployment scenario and marshal resources from any location to respond to threats.
Legacy approaches to security no longer work. The only way to beat cybercriminals at their game is to be smarter, faster, and stronger. To do this, you must adopt a new mindset around security that embraces integration, automation, and adaptability. Organizations that fail to make this transition are likely to be left behind in the new digital economy.
This byline originally appeared in Dark Reading.
Check out the latest Fortinet Quarterly Threat Landscape Report for more details about recent threats. Sign up for the weekly FortiGuard intel briefs or for the FortiGuard Threat Intelligence Service.


This past week the tiny island nation of Vanuatu was devastated by Cyclone 'Pam'.
Thanks to fellow sailor Dianna Denny for leading the charge to get the word out and finding a reputable aid organization where 100% of donations will go directly to the communities whom need them most.
As you can see in the links below, Vanuatu really needs some help.
100% of your contribution will go directly to help these people in a time of great need.
We visited Vanuatu for 3 months in 2007 and count Vanuatu as our all time favorite destination. Most of the inhabitants of Vanuatu have absolutely nothing from our western perspective, they live in grass huts, they have no shoes or knives and forks and certainly no cell phones. What they have in abundance is genuine happiness and huge welcoming smiles.
However in the aftermath of one of the most severe cyclones in the history of Vanuatu, nearly all the crops will be destroyed, homes will be literally blown away. Torrential rain will have caused mud slides killing many and contaminating water supplies. These are desperate times for the people of Vanuatu.
We're happy to see that tropical storm '03W.THREE' did not intensify over the Marshall Islands. For all those cruising friends in the area we bet this was a scary one.


Archbishop Oscar Romero. Credit: Javier Hidalgo via flickr (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0).
San Salvador, El Salvador, Aug 14, 2017 / 04:13 pm (CNA).- A cardinal from El Salvador says that a Facebook account attributed to him is fake, and that he did not post about Pope Francis' intent to travel to El Salvador for the potential canonization of Archbishop Oscar Romero.
"This is Monsignor Gregorio Rosa Chávez to clarify that I don't have an account either on Twitter or on Facebook," the cardinal says in an audio recording released by the Archdiocese of San Salvador.
Cardinal Rosa Chávez's statement comes after reports that he had said on Facebook that Pope Francis is hoping to come to El Salvador for the possible canonization of Oscar Romero.
Several media outlets, including the Italian ANSA network, Crux, and America Magazine, cited the Facebook post in reporting the Pope's intent to travel to El Salvador. These stories were later retracted.
Although rumors have been circulating for some time that the Pope will travel to El Salvador for the possible canonization, no trip has been confirmed by the Vatican.
Archbishop Romero was killed due to hatred of the faith on March 24, 1980, in the midst of the birth of a civil war between leftist guerrillas and the dictatorial government of the right. He was beatified in El Salvador on May 23, 2015. His canonization cause is open, however, the final steps necessary for him to be declared a saint have not taken place.


Some rights reserved (Creative Commons). This coloring page is created by Frank De Kleine. Original photo by Gadjo Sevilla.
Some rights reserved (Creative Commons). This coloring page is created by Frank De Kleine. Original photo by The359.
If you like cars coloring pages, check out this free and printable kids coloring page of the rear of a Lamborghini Gallardo.
Some rights reserved (Creative Commons). This coloring page is created by Frank De Kleine. Original photo by The Car Spy.
Some rights reserved (Creative Commons). This coloring page is created by Frank De Kleine. Original photo by Youngrobv.
Some rights reserved (Creative Commons). This coloring page is created by Frank De Kleine. Original photo by Irrational.
Free and printable coloring page of the beautiful Lamborghini Diablo. This cars coloring page is part of my Lamborghini Coloring Book (pdf, 1,9 MB), which contains only FREE coloring pages of all the finest Lamborghini sport cars; these are all printable coloring pages.
Some rights reserved (Creative Commons). This coloring page is created by Frank De Kleine. Original photo by Brecht Decancq.