Other risk factors include having a neck size of 17 inches or greater, a family history of sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and nasal obstruction.
Acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are closely related, but the terms don't necessarily mean the same thing. Acid reflux is the backward flow of.
But I read elsewhere that you should avoid peppermint if you have GERD. Why the contradiction? A: Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is not recommended for GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), or indigestion. Tart cherries inhibit the.
If you do, you may be suffering from a medical condition called laryngopharyngeal reflux or LPR! LPR is not quite the same thing as.
"Is there a difference between acid reflux and GERD?". Is there a difference between acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Are they the same thing?
heartburn, GERD, antacids, reflux, reflux disease. And the terms "heartburn" and "acid reflux" are used almost interchangeably, as if they were the same thing. In fact, while they are closely related, The delayed emptying of the stomach can increase your acid levels and cause GERD and heartburn. Type 2 diabetes is a.
"When I started my practice in the 80's, esophageal cancer like this didn't exist as a disease in the United States," Dr. Rosemurgy explained. He's the Director of the Surgical Digestive Disorders and GERD Center. "First thing we are.
We know that Coeliac disease is under diagnosed. However, if you have GORD, stomach acid is able to leak back up into the oesophagus causing acid reflux.
If you have frequent acid reflux, you may have acid reflux disease. Acid reflux disease and Gastro Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD or GERD) are the same thing. It might sound scary, but in most cases GORD is not a serious condition and is experienced by one in ten people every day. However persistent episodes can.
GERD is a disease in which acid from the stomach flows back (or "refluxes") into the esophagus, which can cause irritation and damage to the lining of the.
Aug 15, 2017. This is why things are getting backed up and flowing backward. Even weight gain of 10 to 15 lbs above healthy weight can increase pressure enough to trigger heartburn and acid reflux. So weight loss may help reduce your symptoms. In one study of over 10,000 women, losing 10 to 15 pounds decreased.
Jan 3, 2018. Though they both have similar triggers, and treatment may be the same in many instances, indigestion isn't the same thing as heartburn. Indigestion is the condition, Heartburn that occurs more than twice a week may be considered gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This disease can eventually.
Although statistics vary a bit, we can say that every week about 40 million Americans have heartburn and forty percent of all Americans have had it at least once. "Ordinary" heartburn is not the same thing as gastroesophageal reflux disease. But frequent, persistent, severe heartburn is the most common symptom of GERD in.
These are often mistaken to be the same disease; however, they are not. Ulcers and acid reflux may seem the same because of the burning sensation and the acidic taste in the mouth, which makes it seem like a normal case of acid reflux or heartburn. However, ulcers are much more dangerous and can even progress to.
and had developed fatty liver disease from her fast food-heavy diet. eczema.
The terms heartburn, acid reflux, Gastroesophageal reflux disease. diet of foods known to aggravate acid reflux (these foods tend to be the same for children.
Oprah's favorite go-to doc, Dr. Mehmet Oz, and Dr. Michael Roizen offer tips on what to do and how to manage GERD. Check out their suggestions below. Everyone gets occasional reflux, which is actually a good thing. stomach has.
Many used the terms indigestion and acid reflux interchangeably and to mean the same thing. However. In its most serious form, acid reflux is known as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). GERD is characterised by pain in the oesophagus and throat where the acid from the stomach causes damage to the lining.
Apr 21, 2015. In GERD, the LES malfunctions and allows food and stomach acid to flow back ( reflux) into the esophagus. Bile reflux may occur in conjunction with GERD or may be misdiagnosed as GERD because the symptoms of the two conditions are very similar. Only a physician can tell the difference, and patients.
Some Is Heartburn The Same Thing As Acid Reflux between All. Learn Alternative Treatment For Acid Reflux Disease Is Heartburn The Same Thing As Acid Reflux.
What's the difference between heartburn and acid reflux?. have acid reflux disease. Acid reflux disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are the same thing.
The answer is a precise "NO". Acid Reflux is thought to be the procedure that at last prompts the symptoms of heartburn. However, many individuals utilize the.
Is Acid Reflux And Heartburn The Same Thing Remedies For Stomach Acid Gastrooesophageal Reflux Disease and acid reflux is also known as gastro-esophageal reflux GERD.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( GORD) is the chronic form of acid reflux. Due to a number of reasons, the acidic stomach. With GERD however, the dysfunction is constant and just exacerbated by the same causes as acute acid reflux. In some cases, the LES is functioning.
11 Surprising Symptoms of Acid Reflux. Subscribe; Health A-Z. heartburn can lead to Barrett's esophagus, It involves the same nerves and reflex as when you vomit.
Coeliac disease, "an immune reaction to eating gluten which is. "However, if you have GORD, stomach acid is able to leak back up into the oesophagus causing acid reflux (heartburn). Alcohol can cause this ring of muscle to relax, and.
If I have heartburn, is this acid reflux? I get it a few days a week and it is starting to become a problem. Is acid reflux a disease that is different from heartburn.
Senior GERD: Symptoms & Care – A Place for Mom – May 6, 2015. Due to physiological changes that occur with aging, elderly people are more apt to suffer from GERD, and people over age 65 are often prescribed medications that alter the GI tract and can lead to senior GERD. Acid reflux, heartburn, and GERD don't mean the same thing. GERD denotes regurgitation of.
How they discovered the cause A couple of weeks into the whole thing, Darlene's mom was flipping through. "We thought he was dying, and they said acid.
And while you may think that the symptoms of an acidic body include acid reflux, that couldn't be further from the. acidic while amaranth in its original form is.
Millions of people around the world suffer from GERD (Gastointestinal Reflux Disease) or simply put heartburn everyday. pharmaceutical companies and it comes as no surprise that the same is being promoted aggressively. PPIs were.
A Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD. the symptoms. With acid reflux, watching and managing your weight can also help, and exercise plays a part there, too. If you are feeling fatigued it may well be the last thing you wish to do.
And I am in the habit of carrying earplugs with me and offering them to anyone I'm spending a night under the same roof with—while simultaneously. too soon after eating can result in acid reflux or heartburn. Obviously, stimulants are.
Ultimately, it's seldom any one thing; it's a total picture of what's going. one of the most effective ways to ward off bad breath. "Uncontrolled GERD.
Maybe you're in the same boat. You might have even. obesity also puts you at risk for heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and many critical GI.


A zombie apocalypse occurs, leaving the mercenary Deadpool the last remaining superhuman. In the second chapter, Deadpool and the group of survivors he's leading spend about eight weeks traveling and seeking shelter, visiting Ash Williams' cabin (from The Evil Dead), Hershel Greene's farm and the West Georgia Correctional Facility (The Walking Dead), the Monroeville Mall (Dawn of the Dead), the Pacific Playland Amusement Park (Zombieland), and the Winchester Pub (Shaun of the Dead). Obviously, this one is an AU.
This is apparently NOT the same universe as the Marvel Zombies series. I know Evil Dead is in the CU. On some post you mentioned that The Walking Dead TV series an AU. Presumably, the other mentions films are also AUs. Even Shaun of the Dead, where the zombie out brake was stopped, couldn't be in the CU.


The painting records an event which took place on first of March 1842, during Queen Victoria's visit to Portsmouth. The Queen was accompanied by her husband Prince Albert, together with the Duke of Saxe-Coburg, his two sons Prince Augustus and Prince Leo.
More by the artist Robert Strickland Thomas.


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In William Blake's poem 'Jerusalem' the 18th century visionary asks whether Jesus Christ once visited England, as legend has suggested. And he asks, 'was Jerusalem built here, Among these dark Satanic Mills'? In doing so Blake condenses over a thousand years of history by visualizing Jerusalem - or heaven - in the contemporary landscape of early industrialization, and in England. The phrase 'dark Satanic Mills' belies Blake's concern about the development of society, where relentless industrial and capital progress became a clear and prevailing threat to the individual and the spiritual. The perceived loss would be the pastoral, idyllic lifestyle defined by natural simplicity. At least, this is the view that returns in cycles throughout history and is recalled again by Dominic Shepherd.
Shepherd's paintings represent a contemporary visualization of the Golden Age, that idealized, mythical time in Arcadia of innocent pleasure. As with Blake's 'Jerusalem', it is a place similar to Eden, that resonates with any individual who longs to remove himself, as Shepherd has done, from the flux of city life – from the industrial and technological. But the Latin phrase 'Et in Arcadia ego' warns us that 'Even in Arcadia, I [death] am there'. And similarly Shepherd shows us that fear and loss also inhabit these mythical, idyllic worlds. Drawing on folklore and the transference of wisdom through festival and ritual, Shepherd depicts his subjects performing such rites. 'The ghosts of England' - Pearly Kings, Morris dancers, romantic poets, gurus - occupy his paintings, 'working, singing or dying to create a New Age of Romantic pastoralism'. However, these pastoral revivalists twist and implode in the midst of Epicurean hedonism and counter cultural zeal.
Shepherd's recent reintroduction of the tondo and of trompe l'oeil frames painted within the picture plane serve to help the illusion of observing this other world. We are quite literally given windows – or perhaps mirrors – that invite us to witness the rituals within his elaborate alternative reality. Personal memory, cultural and political history, dream, imagination and the hallucinatory are drawn on to form symbols, obscure meanings, suggested narratives, and allusion to the arcane. This invented domain is the artist's New Jerusalem.
After the Olympics and in advance of Scottish independence (probably), we English are looking at England again: the things we thought and think it was; what we believe it became; what its futures might be. What constitutes England today? The question is instantly intimidating; it seems mired in difficulties to do with sentimentality, modernity, economics, and politics. In fact, it is all 'politics' of a kind: our dying, revived, beloved (of some) folk traditions might be just the creation of an affluent middle class (the Fakesong argument); modern globalism might not allow space for independent, local, national cultures, which perhaps engender nationalism, parochialism, and racism anyway (the 'little England' argument); capitalist consumerism and the mania for profit potentially crushes the life out of local events and rituals, reducing them to a set of saleable clichés by the very act of turning them into 'culture' (what could be more consumable?). Might there be a set of activities and even a way of living – here in England and even in London – that is historically resonant and symbolically meaningful, permanent and transferable to a new generation yet carrying scope for development, pleasurable for all and not for profit, respected, admired by and inclusive of the non-English? Are we ready or willing, at the very least, to call ourselves English not British and feel that identification has some meaning beyond stereotypes? What does 'England' mean today? Is it – was it always – an illusion?
Well, yes: although no one would doubt that something like a geographical entity called 'England' exists (even though that, of course, was created by man not God), how 'England' signifies to the mind when the word is uttered is bound to be illusory in the sense of 'not real,' because it is a thing of the imagination and alters between individuals here and abroad. Say it to yourself and see what comes to mind. For England to mean something and not just 'not America' or 'not France' or 'no foreigners' or not whatever – even though it is precisely difference that we are getting at here: spirited yet cordial and civil independence – it is necessary to conjure a past of England that has some continuity today. This is not an academic or 'cultural' exercise, carried out to develop a career or to fill up the weekend. It is an act of daily pleasure, partly to do with taking in whatever buildings, weather, poetry, edge lands, dance, people, reservoirs, streets, music, beaches, suburbs, paintings, woodlands are available, and deciding what they mean here and now in England. It is an exercise of the imagination.
The tondo or circular format for painting speaks directly towards certain cyclical ideas that have been a feature of life in England (and elsewhere in a different garb – the word derives from Italian) as long as historical memory. The most obvious is the cycle of the year, and the importance of regular rituals and festivals that once punctuated them. These helped people under often difficult conditions to alleviate austerity – the arrival of Christmas in the bleak midwinter being the obvious one, decked with holly, ivy, and rosemary to compensate for the lack of greenery – and rationalize and sustain passage through the seasons. The form is reflected directly in the events themselves such as the dance around the Maypole and in circles of stones and ceremonial and occultist circles.
Dominic Shepherd's use of the tondo for his painting The Well seems directly inspired by such symbolism, but it receives an extra spin of the wheel by means of its multiple references to the English past (the so-called 'well of history'). These are looked down and back upon like liquefied, ungraspable events, here, though in evoking the incomplete past in the mind's eye, notice that we are also looking in upon ourselves. Shepherd's remark on history in The Well seems to be that it is analogous to the activity of the seer or medium seeking the future by making sense of the initially indistinct figures in a crystal ball. We divine the future by plumbing our own memories, biographical and historical; we look into the past by looking into ourselves and vice versa so that past and present, personal and collective, up or down (the tondo having neither) cease to be distinct. The circular form of The Well and the fluid and watery rendering of its paint also recall the connected activity of divination through reading tealeaves or coffee grounds.
Additionally, the tondo calls up a temporality that is not linearly progressivist, as has been the norm in the West from Renaissance humanism through to Enlightenment optimism and nineteenth century positivism, to subsequent theological, philosophical, and economic systems, scientific theories, and political positions that insist upon a history of the advancement of civilization as a backdrop and justification for aspiratory, accumulative, utilitarian ends. Rather, the chronology that sections temporality into a past, present, and future is challenged by utopian ideas, which seek instead a Golden Age, Arcadia, or pastoral that exists through cyclical time. Working to overlap and interleave individuals, places, and events supposedly temporally distant, cyclical time aims at 'creating connections to the past, establishing familial and locational ties,' in Shepherd's words.
His rejection of materialist progressivism and embrace of cyclical time and ritual gives onto an iconography of people involved in seasonal chores and bucolic undertakings in Shepherd's paintings: 'chopping wood, harvesting, riding horses, burning effigies, hanging out at festivals' as he says. Beyond this, the collapse of linear time that brought about paintings like The Family allows encounters between Guy Fawkes and the Incredible String Band, Romantic poets and Morris Dancers, witches and hippies, William Blake and Pearly Kings and Queens, the New Model Army and the radical movements of the sixties, and, well, Levellers and the Levellers, at a metaphorical banquet or feast; or perhaps, better, a festival, in which the first and last of England meet in the imagination – where Shepherd himself meets his own predecessors Blake and Richard Dadd – though who is first and who last is impossible to say, depending always on the next spin of the tireless tondo.


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'Rising star' graduate: Sylvia Ofori's journey from Ghana to Georgia Southern to Harvard
On her first flight from Ghana to the United States, Sylvia Ofori arrived in Atlanta, Georgia, at 1 a.m. By 4 o'clock the next afternoon, Ofori was in her first American classroom in Georgia Southern University's Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health on the Statesboro Campus.
Jet-lagged and attempting to absorb a foreign campus and classroom procedures, Ofori was out of sorts when her professor, Isaac Chun-Hai Fung, Ph.D., encouraged her to apply for a student research position following class introductions.
Within days, she'd interviewed and earned the spot, supported by funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In their first meeting, Fung challenged Ofori to publish 10 papers by the end of her public health doctoral program.
"I wasn't familiar with publications, but he threw that challenge at me from the beginning," Ofori remembered. "Wow. His plan was for me to start working on dissertation-related projects immediately."
Ofori's first project was a scoping review on the use of digital technology to improve and monitor handwashing in children. Following a presentation of her review at the University's 2019 Research Symposium, her work was published in an academic journal, and many more followed as co-author with Fung and another mentor, Kamalich Muniz-Rodriguez, DrPH.
By the end of her doctoral training, Sylvia had published 11 papers with Fung, and three more manuscripts will be submitted.
On May 13, Ofori earned a DrPH in public health with a concentration in epidemiology as she crossed the stage in one of two Savannah commencement ceremonies. In June, she'll begin as a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Epidemiology at Harvard University to continue global public health research she began at Georgia Southern.
There's a full article detailing Sylvia's amazing story - and her success to date.
It's attached here:
If you're a reporter looking to know more about Sylvia's story, or how Georgia Southern has students from around 100 countries across the world currently studying on both the Statesboro Campus and the Armstrong Campus in Savannah.
Simply reach out to Georgia Southern Director of Communications Jennifer Wise at jwise@georgiasouthern.edu to arrange an interview today.
Spotlight By Georgia Southern University
Georgia Southern researchers work with Georgia Public Safety Training Center to revise training standards for state public safety officials
The economy may be slowing - but remains strong according to Georgia Southern expert
Georgia Southern University's annual economic impact soars to more than $1B

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US pullout from Syria: Is it the straw that broke the camel's back?
Opinion Op-Eds
White House move to abandon the Kurds irks Christian right and Congressional Republicans
Published: October 13, 2019 13:55 James J. Zogby, Special to Gulf News
A Kurdish family takes part in a demonstration in Arbil, the capital of the northern Iraqi Kurdish autonomous region, on October 10, 2019 against the Turkish offensive in northeastern Syria. Image Credit: AFP
I have never forgotten a political cartoon that appeared in the midst of the Watergate impeachment investigation. It caricatured the strange relationship evangelical Christians had with then president Richard Nixon, and speaks to me today of way the current group of right-wing preachers are dealing with President Donald Trump.
The cartoon was made up of a series of eight separate boxes. Shown in the background of each box was Richard Nixon speaking on the phone. Pictured in the foreground of each box was the face of a prominent evangelical Christian preacher. In the first seven boxes, Nixon is shown ordering the bombing of Cambodia, the invasion of Laos, surveillance of political opponents, criticising welfare benefits for the poor, etc. In the first seven, the preacher in the foreground is shown saying "Praise the Lord, truly this is a man of God."
In the eighth and final box of the cartoon, Nixon is on the phone using the obscene and vulgar language that appeared in the White House tapes he had been forced to surrender to a Senate investigative committee. In this box, on hearing Nixon's foul language, the preacher, in the foreground, looks shocked and says "Tsk, tsk, a moral lapse!"
What's interesting is that the president's Republican allies in the Senate have also broken with the Administration on his decision to abandon the Kurds.
- Dr James J. Zogby, president of Arab American Institute
What I loved about this cartoon was that it so perfectly captured the moral bankruptcy that characterised the religious right's relationship with Nixon. He could invade and bomb other countries, use napalm on civilian villages, gut federal programmes for those in need, deny equal rights to an entire group of Americans and still be embraced by right-wing preachers because he supported their narrow social agenda and espoused the idolatry of hyper-Americanism they also advocated. They didn't even break with him when law enforcement arrested some of his operatives breaking into his Democratic rival's campaign headquarters, then lied about it to Congress and did everything he could to obstruct the investigation. But when the White House was forced to release Nixon's secretly recorded phone conversations and they revealed the president's penchant for "colourful language" — that was, as we say, "the straw that broke the camel's back."
Rise of right-wing Christians
While the matter in question was Nixon's language, it opened the door to a deeper rupture that allowed right-wing Christians to join the growing chorus of Americans — Democrats and Republicans, alike — who recognised that Nixon had abused the office of the presidency and who now were calling for his impeachment.
There are interesting parallels to the relationship Nixon had with the religious right and the way that their contemporary counterparts have embraced President Donald Trump. They say they support him because he promised and delivered on much of their conservative social agenda. He appointed federal judges whom they believe will oppose abortion and gay marriage. He has pledged to eliminate penalties for tax-exempt churches that engage in electoral political activity. He has warned about the dangers of allowing too many Muslim refugees to enter America. He has been seen as a staunch defender of Israel, going so far as to move the US Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem — a step which some evangelicals view as necessary to bring on the awaited "final days." And he has promoted today's version of the idolatry of hyper-Americanism.
Cracks in support
Because of this, they have either ignored or forgiven Trump's otherwise decidedly less than exemplary behaviour and un-Christian policies: his multiple marriages, the too numerous to count allegations of sexual misconduct, his public use of obscene and vulgar language, and his policies of family-separation and denial of entry to refugees and asylum seekers. Despite all of this and more, the religious right has stood by Trump, sometimes using over-the-top language to describe him. One has referred to Trump as "heaven-sent," while another called him a "gift from God."
This past week we witnessed the first crack in this support for "their president:" Trump's decision to order US troops in Syria to stand down and allow for a Turkish invasion of Northeastern Syria. While the Turks say their goal is to create a "safe corridor" that will allow them to forcibly resettle Syrian refugees who have entered Turkey, they are also targeting the US-allied Kurdish militias — whom Turkey refers to as "terrorists."
The response of the religious right has been outrage and condemnation — focused narrowly on their professed concern with the rights of Christians. Said one evangelical preacher, "Kurdish Christians (and others among the brave Kurds) have stood up for the United States and for freedom and human dignity ... What they are now facing from Erdogan's authoritarian Turkey is horrifying beyond words." Another called on his followers to "pray for the Christians who the Kurds have been protecting. They could be annihilated." And Pat Robertson, notorious for his "end of days" prophecies, declared that President Trump was in danger "of losing the Mandate of Heaven."
One can't fault critics of Trump's dangerous decision, since it represents a betrayal of allies and dangerous escalation of the already too costly war in Syria. It will create a new wave of displaced peoples and, given Turkey's record, the forced resettlement of refugees in Syria will come at an enormous human cost both to those who are forcibly resettled and those who will be cleansed to make way for the resettlement.
more from the writer
The only way Israelis can form a government: betrayal
US democracy faces a real crisis
An Israeli election that will decide nothing
Israeli policies drive partisan wedge in US
But the way the Christian right has latched onto this issue and used it as the reason for their break with the president is both unconvincing and hypocritical. When then President Bush launched the invasion of Iraq in 2003, putting at risk that country's Christians, they were silent. When massive ethnic cleansing occurred during the Iraqi civil war, resulting in the forced displacement of almost two-thirds of Iraqi Christians, again they said nothing. In fact, they only took this matter up in earnest when, during Obama's term in office, Daesh began its assault on Christians and other minorities. They were silent when Trump banned Syrian and Iraqi refugees from entering the United States, many of whom were Christians. And when the Trump Administration recently deported Iraqi Christians back to Iraq, there was no outrage from the religious right.
And so the question is, why now? Will their break on this matter cause them to reconsider all of the Administration's other un-Christian behaviours and policies? Is it just a one-off criticism or will it be the "straw that broke the camel's back?"
What's interesting is that the president's Republican allies in the Senate, who have steadfastly defended Trump and scoffed at the Democrats' charges against him, have also broken with the Administration on his decision to abandon the Kurds. Could this be the beginning of the rupture between Trump and Congressional Republicans, or a just a one-off disagreement?
— Dr James J. Zogby is the president of Arab American Institute, a non-profit, non-partisan national leadership organisation.
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A universal way of life for the 2000s
New Kindle Book: "Values and the Future (Revaluation of Values)"
May 6, 2010 Stephen C. Rosebenign genocide, cars, christopher alexander, collecter, communities, confusion, creedal messianism, democracy, design, ecumenical, empathy, euclidian, families, free spirit, Gospel of Mark, grass roots church, helpfulness, herculean conscience, history, houses. relativism, jaws of hell, Kindle Books, lexicon, metrosprawl. good friday, moralist, nietzsche, obama, pattern language, philosophy, poet, revaluation, seer, skeptic, theology, tolerance, traveler, Uncategorized, urban, values, war Leave a comment
Values and the Future (Revaluation of Values) is now available at the Kindle Store
Nietzsche said revaluation of values is the supreme task of the philosopher. Nietzsche called philosophers lawgivers. And yet the world continues to operate as though values were not something we are called to revise, develop, enunciate. The position of these recent reflections is allied with Nietzsche. The values suggested are vastly different from the usual, traditional pantheon.
pattern language, politics
Components of New Settlements — One: Parameters 1
November 25, 2009 Stephen C. Rosecars, components, ecological, parameters, pattern language, pedestrian, politics, settlements, sustainability Leave a comment
A parameter is not a component, but this is the first post in an effort to use words to describe what I have clearly in my mind relating to the creation of new settlements. Here I simply want to begin noting parameters of such settlements.
1. They will contain within their bounds most if not all the elements of ecological sustainability. Their own recycling capacity for all or most waste. Collection and distribution and recycling of water. It is important to understand that we are talking about creating duplicable elements that could be used in many settlements.
2. They will have no private automobiles and trucks within their borders. Most transportation will be pedestrian with all mechanized transportation limited to public and service vehicles. Communities will be designed to make access to private vehicles possible only outside of their boundaries. Important that this not be seen as a complete rejection of private vehicles. They will have a place, but they will not dictate design as they now do.
More parameters will be discussed in future posts, setting the stage for a discussion of actual components.. In essence, the parameters will be suggestive of the components.
Comment at CommuteOrlando Blog on a Ten Year Old Review By Ken Orski
July 30, 2009 Stephen C. Roseautomobiles, cars, chrstopher alexander, metrosprawl, pattern language, politics Leave a comment
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The Auto and its Enemies
Anti Auto is right on. I have been substantiating this with reference to Christopher Alexander and Pattern Language. Densities in metrosprawl serve the dying automobile economy. We need to create settlements of substantial density (10,000 – 100,000) on the corpse of metrosprawl. This is an interesting and salient piece though it ignores those of us who have been positive critics. So does the rest of the world.
pattern language
Dead Zones: Annals of Urban Disaster
April 26, 2009 Stephen C. Rosecars, christopher alexander, community, euclidian, metrosprawl, neighborhood, pattern language, pedestrian, urban planning, zoning Leave a comment
Here in order are three notions regarding the planning of human space — aka urban planning — aka pattern language.
1. STANDARD EUCLIDIAN:
Standard Euclidean SOURCE
Also known as "Building Block" zoning, Euclidean zoning is characterized by the segregation of land uses into specified geographic districts and dimensional standards stipulating limitations on the magnitude of development activity that is allowed to take place on lots within each type of district. Typical types of land-use districts in Euclidean zoning are: residential (single-family), residential (multi-family), commercial, and industrial. Uses within each district are usually heavily prescribed to exclude other types of uses (residential districts typically disallow commercial or industrial uses). Some "accessory" or "conditional" uses may be allowed in order to accommodate the needs of the primary uses. Dimensional standards apply to any structures built on lots within each zoning district, and typically take the form of setbacks, height limits, minimum lot sizes, lot coverage limits, and other limitations on the "building envelope".
Euclidean zoning is utilized by some municipalities because of its relative effectiveness, ease of implementation (one set of explicit, prescriptive rules), long-established legal precedent, and familiarity to planners and design professionals.
However, Euclidean zoning has received heavy criticism for its lack of flexibility and institutionalization of now-outdated planning theory.
2. EUCLIDIAN TWO: SOURCE
Euclidean II Zoning uses traditional Euclidean zoning classifications (industrial, commercial, multi-family, residential,etc.) but places them in a hierarchical order "nesting" one zoning class within another similar to the concept of Planned Unit Developments (PUD) mixed uses, but now for all zoning districts; in effect, adding a third dimension to flatland Euclidean zoning. For example, multi-family is not only permitted in "higher order" multi-family zoning districts, but also permitted in high order commercial and industrial zoning districts as well. Protection of land values is maintained by stratifying the zoning districts into levels according to their location in the urban society (neighborhood, community, municipality, and region). Euclidean II zoning also incorporates transportation and utilities as new zoning districts in its matrix dividing zoning into three categories: Public, Semi-Public and Private. In addition, all Euclidean II Zoning permitted activities and definitions are tied directly to the state's building code, Municode and the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) assuring statewide uniformity. Euclidean II zoning fosters the concepts of mixed use, new urbanism and "highest and best use"; and, simplifies all zoning classifications into a single and uniform set of activities. It is relatively easy to transition from most existing zoning classification systems to the Euclidean II Zoning system.
3. SMART COMMUNITIES. SOURCE
The primary design characteristics of New Urbanism include the following:
1) Pedestrian-centered neighborhoods with primary social and economic facilities within a five-minute walk
2) Community orientation around public transit systems
3) Mixed land uses within neighborhoods
The Alexander or Pattern Language approach builds on the SMART COMMUNITIES criteria. Such criteria would completely zap metrosprawl and pave the way for mixed human settlements in which the actual size of key institutions changed to become an integral part of a human matrix or community.
For example, instead of factory-schools built on principles of mega-security, there would be neighborhood educational centers in which one could link to one's "school" via cyberspace and access a whole range of resources in a setting permitting small groups and even one to one contact with professionals locally.
Instead of mega-hospitals, there could be a profusion of preventive care nodes that would provide basic testing in a cost effective way. Instead of massive, car-centric mega-stores, there would be kiosk-type canters where people could access visual displays of masses of products and place orders.
What is lacking in most urban planning and zoning is the notion of starting from scratch. Of building an integral community from the ground up. I am not saying that the ideas of pattern language cannot be usefully employed to adapt existing sprawl and dead zones. But there is ample need for a radical break and this will require the creation of models de novo.
An interesting example of adaptation is about to take place outside my window. Broadway is about to be closed to vehicular traffic for a substantial stretch. It may be filled with tables and stand as a gorgeous testament to what happens when the domination of the car is challenged.
I venture to say that all urban planning and zoning is beholden now to the car. When that is no longer the case, we will have a shot at pattern language.
So too we will have a shot at reducing the height of structures to a habitable four stories rather than the emerging, Promethean Mumbai style.
I am not holding my breath, however.
There is still formidable cultural lag and no doubt Euclidian will be practiced for decades to come. In fact I suspect that we will need some hardy venture capitalists to begin creating integral communities. The only likely winning strategy wil probably end up being, as Veblen understood, emulation.
Why Single Family Homes Are Obsolete
March 11, 2009 Stephen C. Roseautomobiles, car free, cars, change, communities, economy, exurbia, homes, houses, human settlements, metrosprawl, pattern language, politics, president obama, single family home, suburbia, urban sprawl 4 Comments
Not in the sense that they are presently the standard — the home that stands alone, that may be big enough for more than a nuclear family or small enough for two only. The standard, sprawled, often ugly, car-dependent, beloved American Dream acquisition, foreclosed and key to the economy. Single family homes that are the default, the ideal, the cash cow, whatever.
But these standard, pervasive, single family homes are, like private automobiles, obsolete for the future.
They may be cash cows for developers and resurrected real-estate speculators and they may for a time be the only thing that will enable you to escape the city or otherwise get right with the world. But they must eventually become either antiques (like old colonial dwellings in New England and along the Acela Corridor) or be folded in to reasonable human settlements that come about as a result of smart planning, humane design and caring attention to the thought of persons like Christopher Alexander.
I am talking largely about the single family dwellings of suburbia and exurbia, the little and big boxes that all look just the same, the bedroom community houses that have as much potential to be part of a vibrant neighborhood as a snake has to be a common pet.
Here are some salient reasons why the single family home cannot be a model for the future.
1. The future requires economies of scale to create reasonable ecological models.
Consider that a truly solar and wind driven neighborhood would thrive with a matrix for its dwellings that could incorporate 1000, or 5000 or 10,000 persons. Panels, turbines, not to mention recycling apparatus would be eco-effective and cost-effective if the huge expense involved was distributed among a large enough base. This thought becomes vapor if we assume the current proliferation of single family homes is the model for the future.
2. Single family homes represent a medium of conspicuous consumption which is borderline-disgusting.
I have watched some of the TV journeys through dwellings with more rooms than one can count, homes whose taste is not worthy of association with the word taste. These homes are a regurgitation of servile design responding to the big dollar which is no more. They got in under the wire and deep down everyone knew they made no sense, save as reflections of prideful ownership.
I think it was the noxious W who pushed the phrase ownership society. In a pig's eye.
3. Single family homes are no longer affordable in an economy that will be moving more and more to the utilization of diverse human talents and less and less to the creation of capitalism's friends, the defective and continually costly cash cows, otherwise known as the private car and the single family home.
The value of the single family homes being foreclosed today is about half what people paid for them and the economy is grimly absorbing this living nightmare. Everyone knew it when the deals were struck. It was a tacit crime against reason.
4. The American Dream will no longer be to own a car and have a single family home. It will be to live a decent life with a decent income and participate in a diverse and exciting community where the things needed to live are close at hand.
This will require a totally new approach to design and execution, a revolution in zoning. It will begin with an entrepreneurial model of a car-free human settlement and move, as people cotton to it, into actuality from place to place.
5. Security is enhanced by the creation of human settlements in locations not subject to the vagaries of flood and wind. Or settlements subject to these vagaries, but built to actually withstand them.
The private one family home is not a viable model for the creation of such settlements. Security will be one of the payoffs for a mentality that moves in the direction of these new settlements.
6. The dominant reason for the obsolescence of single family homes is their inextricable linkage to the automobile. They are slaves to the ideals that emerged, half-formed, in the minds of Henry Ford and Frank Lloyd Wright, when they imagined that we the people were going to become stalwart pioneers in an endless landscape. Wright actually assumed that every suburbanite would have a little garden in the back yard.
The result of this misjudgment is that we have built metrosprawl and continue to do so and it is an offense to nature, to humanity and to the future. It must be literally razed or radically changed to create livable human settlements where people have all the privacy they need in an environment that does not leave them. like Lucy Jordan, in a white suburban bedroom in a white suburban town. We are in the alienation elimination business. A sustainable economy requires a new conception if what it means to live together in society.
Imagine a community where children have a place to mingle and play within a few hundred feet of a dwelling and in sight of other adults gathered at social meeting places in a pedestrian setting. Imagine a community where preventive health nodes are also to be found within a few hundred yards of any dwellings and where one can eat and drink in social settings that are integrated into the mix and reached by foot.
The building of car-free communities is within our grasp and is the very key to sustainable economies. The decision to continue building private cars and single family homes spread to kingdom come is exactly the wrong decision for a viable future.
More On New Human Settlements:
Please read Our Crisis Is Not Economic as a starting point.
ALL MY PATTERN LANGUAGE POSTS THUS FAR
Why Private Cars Are Obsolete
March 10, 2009 Stephen C. Roseautomobiles, car free, cars, change, communities, economy, human settlements, pattern language, politics, president obama Leave a comment
No they are not obsolete as the dominant mode of transportation in today's world, with the American model of more roads and more cars being emulated everywhere else and the design of cities following the imperious needs of the automobile.
They are obsolete for the future, they are obsolete as one of the foundation stones of a future economy, they are obsolete as a viable choice for a society that is moving toward change you can believe in. Why so?
1. Foundation Stones of A Future Economy
Individually owned cars are too expensive for most people but this is not the main reason why they are not viable economically.
They are sold with the expectation that they will be a cash cow for the seller and related businesses. More and more cars is the mantra.
But all this does is make any effort to reduce congestion or move beyond oil or any other laudable objective completely impossible. A future economy needs to be based not on the sale of cars, but on the replacement of the entire infrastructure of automotive society by a new form and configuration where money is generated by the growth of new services based on a localized availability of all relevant aspects of urban life.
The current model, assuming the endless sale of cars, is sprawl and individually-owned dwellings, both increasingly unaffordable and nonsensical in terms of creating a community where people can interact as they wish, be private as they wish and have a range of choices and options without having to drive for miles to work or play.
Current emphasis on car sharing is simply an acknowledgement that the notion of growing an economy by continuing purchase of individually-owned vehicles is an invitation to entrapment in a global economy that is no longer viable.
In case you are scratching your head and wondering what planet I come from, check out this Google books reference to a 1990s conference on car free cities.
The foundation stones of a future economy are car-free, pedestrian communities that incorporate ecological economies of scale, recycling capacities of scale and all of the features, in localized nodes, that we now associate with urban life, but which are being changed to universal by the universal availability of the Web.
2. Change We Can Believe In
President Obama has all of the pieces of change we can believe in in statements he has made over the past several years. The only thing that he has not done so far is to acknowledge that moving beyond what he calls the tyranny of oil means moving beyond the economy of private cars. The economy of the future will be one where the thousands of dollars that we invested in car after car will be invested in quality of life items that are largely localized as communities become more integral. For example. there will be a massive jump in home care of all sorts or neighborhood care. The money we paid for cars will go to care givers, teachers, coaches and so forth.
Why has President Obama been silent on the vision of a post-automobile society based on the money-generating idea of building entirely new communities that integrate many of the ideas that he has for such things as birth through college education? And health reform? Does he really believe it is viable to have huge hospitals that require $600 payments just to perform blood work?
No, I am sure he would like to see preventive clinics in each community of a few thousand persons or so. This is only viable in a car free new settlement or in an existing settlement that has been freed of central auto traffic to the point of offering a pedestrian option to all.
None of the changes envisioned by President Obama can take place without a commitment to making new or renewed neighborhoods, settlements or towns that move a bit toward shared amenities including solar and wind and recycling. These things are not viable long term if they are confined to retrofitting what we have now.
The President should launch design contests, planning contests. The criteria: car-free. mixed residence, work, culture, educational, medical and so forth all within walking distance. Cars allowed only outside the perimeter of the space occupied by the dwellings and other structures.
More ideas on change we can believe in:
President's Talking Points for Now or Later
March 9, 2009 Stephen C. Rosecars, economy, homes, houses, human settlements, integral, pattern language, politics, president obama 2 Comments
NOTE: This post — HERE — has been entirely submerged by the Huffington post. You will not find it on its main page under new posts. The only way it could remain there is if they chose to feature it. You will not find it where I designated it, on the Politics page. Same story. All this within an hour of posting it.
For now if we mean to get out of this crisis.
For later in the manner of Carter's remorseful "malaise" speech if we do not do these things now.
1. Say that we cannot build an economy that will work by creating and selling more and more private vehicles. Effective now our policy will be to replace private vehicles by public transportation and other steps noted below.
2. Say that we cannot build an economy by spreading sprawling single dwellings that declined in value because they never were worth what people paid for them. We will be moving toward new human settlements that bode a new and more integral society.
By these two decisions we have the basis for the new economy. We will design new human settlements and make them a model for the world that will exist when we have moved beyond the car and sprawl.
To begin to develop the positive talking points, set your speechwriters to reading the following:
It has been said that the President puts little stock in blogs so I am not holding my breath. He is in good company. Huffington Post typically sinks my pattern language posts in record time. And even people I try to explain this to scratch their head. So why do I keep on? Because I know that the economy will not come back on the strengths of a private car and single homes economy. I know that the new economy will take place when we change to a society based on livable, car-free human settlements where the features of urban life are within reach of everyone. Read the links above and think about it.
Oh, and what caused the crisis? A gluttonous economy based on an unfounded belief in growth based on selling more cars and more houses.
You have just read what no administration voice has said thus far and until the President says it we will tank more and more.


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I used Scott's Discount Movers after comparing prices from this and several other companies on Yelp. First of all, while other companies replied back through Yelp, Scott was the first one to be like, "We need to talk IRL."
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Fine Furniture, Antiques, and More!!
1000 ft of horse wire, Lincoln wire welder, tillers, antiques, grandfather clock, woodchipper, chainsaws, glass top tables, armoires, 4 poster bed, gun safe, railroad table, witch's pot, indian decor. Hundreds of very nice items!


Program description: Participants will take their inspiration from the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, and learn how to create their own hand-stitched, hand-decorated chapbooks. Best of all, they will discover the important truth that EVERYONE is an artist - it's just a question of learning these tools of the trade. You will truly be amazed. Note: Everyone knows it is wise to heed your dreams! Our dreams and ideas are rich treasures that deserve special attention, and when recorded in this special book, can serve as inspiration for all manner of creative endeavors. The workshop leader is also a playwright and author, and testifies that the act of writing fleeting dreams and ideas down in a specially prepared book is the surest route to the creation of new plays, poems, and much, much more! A highly adaptable workshop - share your ideas!
Space/special requirements: Tables for working. Most suitable for Grades 4 - Adult.
Notes about the fee: Materials Fee additional, to supply cover stock, inner pages, and binding cord. Average class generally less than $20. total.
Other notes: Please explore artists' website at www.bellsandmotley.com for additional programs, exuberant recommendations, resources, and a wealth of information.


text:
Magnet Staff
About OHS Magnet
Tommy Lehrer
Ms. Purkey
Ms. Halley Purkey
Maddie Johnston, Writer
As OHS kicks off the new school year, there are various new faces you can find around OHS. Ms. Purkey is a new science teacher, as well as the Key Club Adviser. Ms. Purkey moved to Owatonna after hearing good things about the community positive teaching environment. Before coming to OHS, she spent last year teaching at Rochester Century High School. She has a lot of excitement as she is getting to know her students for this upcoming year.
Ms. Purkey grew up in Apple Valley, and after attending East View High School she attended Winona State College. Up until her senior year of college she had not realized that she wanted to be a teacher. Ms. Purkey said, "I was originally a pre-Physician's Assistant and got accepted to a Physician Assistant school." After realizing being a Physicians Assistant wasn't what she really wanted to do, she decided to redirect her career path to teaching.
Some of Ms. Purkeys best memories during high school were at the football games, so she is ecstatic to be present at OHS football games. When Purkey is not working hard as a teacher, she is golfing, being an avid netflix watcher and playing the piano.
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text:
Q: Install ansible galaxy using ansible How do I install an ansible role using ansible?
The manual way is using the command line:
ansible-galaxy install user.role

But how do I do it in ansible itself, like a module? I would guess something like this in a playbook:
- tasks:
  galaxy:
    user: username
    role: rolename
    state: installed

This seems to be a very trivial and elementary task, but I can't find how to do it.
There is a similar question here How to automatically install Ansible Galaxy roles? .But it doesn't answer it, as it just runs the manual command every time, and it is not idempotent (that is the main reason to use ansible to automate stuff).

A: *

*There is no galaxy module.

*The list of options in How to automatically install Ansible Galaxy roles? is complete.

*For other options you might want to review ansible-runner, or AWX.

Your conclusion "it just runs the manual command every time, and it is not idempotent" was too quick. Such a task is idempotent with the parameter creates and appropriate ansible_roles_list.
- name: Install roles from Ansible Galaxy
  command: "ansible-galaxy install {{ item.role_name }}"
  args:
    creates: "{{ item.role_path }}"
  loop: "{{ ansible_roles_list }}"

A: The main point to this question that is not so obvious to novices and not easily found in the introductory documentation is that the galaxy's roles just need to be installed in the client, not on the server.
So in a playbook for a server you don't have to install a galay role every time you setup a server, but only once in you client machine.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Der Vogelmann ist ein Thriller der Jack-Caffery-Serie, verfasst von der britischen Schriftstellerin Mo Hayder. Das Original erschien im Jahr 1999 unter dem Titel Birdman und die deutsche Ausgabe im Jahr 2000 im Goldmann-Verlag.

Klappentext
Als Detective Inspector Jack Caffery nach durchzechter Nacht seinen Rausch ausschlafen will, klingelt das Telefon: Auf einem Brachgelände in der Nähe der Themse wurden die Leichen von fünf Frauen gefunden. Die Obduktion ergibt, dass Caffery und seine Kollegen es mit einem Serienkiller zu tun haben, den sie den "Vogelmann" nennen. Vier der fünf Opfer, so zeigen erste Ermittlungen, waren drogenabhängige Prostituierte, die niemand vermisste.

Inhalt
An einem Frühlingstag, Ende Mai 2000, werden bei Bauarbeiten auf einem Ödland in der Nähe des Millennium Domes am Themseufer  im Londoner Stadtteil North Greenwich, fünf verstümmelte Frauenleichen aufgefunden. Am Anfang ist es nur eine Tote, deren Gesicht von einem Bulldozer bei den Abrissarbeiten schwer beschädigt wird. Die anderen vier werden mithilfe eines Bodensonars aufgespürt. Zunächst ist die Identität der Leichen noch ungeklärt und sie werden daher durchnummeriert. Nummer Eins ist anhand einer Knochenuntersuchung noch minderjährig. Nummer Fünf befindet sich im schlimmsten Zustand, da sie starke Kopfverletzungen durch das Baufahrzeug davon trägt. Nummer Vier zeichnet sich durch eine Bugs-Bunny-Tätowierung aus. Alle tragen auffallend starkes Make-up, die Spuren von Fesselungen und ihre Brüste wurden verstümmelt, beziehungsweise abgetrennt. In den Haaren finden sich Spuren von Zementstaub. Außerdem schlussfolgern die Ermittler, dass nur ein Opfer um sein Leben gekämpft hat. Die anderen nicht. Der Tod trat vermutlich durch eine Überdosis Heroin ein, die den Mädchen durch eine Injektion in den Nacken verabreicht wurde. Sie waren anscheinend sediert.

Die Leichen werden vom Pathologen Harsha Krishnamurthi seziert. Anhand der Insektenaktivität in den verwesenden Leichen versucht er den Zeitpunkt des Todes zu ermitteln. Aufgrund der mysteriösen Todesumstände, dass im Brustkorb der Leichen ein Vogel gefunden wird, gibt die Presse ihm den Namen "Vogelmann". Es muss sich beim Täter allen Anschein nach, um einen nekrophilen und psychisch schwer kranken Menschen handeln, der imstande ist, solche Taten zu begehen. Alles deutet auf die Tat eines sexuellen Serientäters hin. Offensichtlich hat seine Störung bereits ein Stadium erreicht, die ihn immer weitermachen lässt. Die Polizei findet heraus, dass der Täter seinen Opfern eine blonde Perücke auf den Kopf genäht hatte. Eine Perücke, die Ähnlichkeit mit der zeigt, welche der Schauspieler Michael Caine in seiner Rolle als transsexueller Psychiater Dr. Robert Elliott in dem Psychothriller Dressed to Kill trug. Endlich kann Nummer Fünf identifiziert werden. Ihr Name ist Shellene Craw und führt auf die Spur eines gewissen Jerry Henry, genannt "Gemini", ein "Möchtegern-Yardie" karibischer Abstammung, von dem Detective Diamond annimmt, er sei ihr Zuhälter und Dealer gewesen und damit der Hauptverdächtige. "Gemini" arbeitet für einen unbekannten Auftraggeber und fährt Prostituierte für bestimmte Parties zur eleganten Adresse Crooms Hill, die sich im Villenviertel von Greenwich befindet. Nach und nach erfährt die Polizei, bis auf eine, auch die Namen der anderen vier Mädchen. Es handelt sich bei den Opfern Kayleigh Hatch, Petra Spacek, Michelle Wilcox und Shellene Craw (Nummer Fünf) um drogenabhängige Stripperinnen oder Prostituierte, die zusammen in dem heruntergekommenen Pub "Dog and Bell" arbeiteten. Ermittlungen und Verhöre in der Szene führen nicht zum gewünschten Erfolg, da niemand etwas Verdächtiges bemerkt haben will. Das Interesse an einer Aufklärung von Triebmorden an rauschgiftsüchtigen Prostituierten ist relativ gering.

Doch mittlerweile ist auch die Presse über die Mordserie informiert. Die Boulevardzeitung The Sun liefert die Schlagzeile "Wie konnte das wieder passieren?" und Fotos der Opfer. Parallelen zum Fall Fred West werden angestellt. Einige halten den "Millennium-Ripper", wie er teilweise genannt wird, auch für einen Nachahmungstäter des berüchtigten "Jack the Ripper". Mit den Ermittlungen dieser Mordserie wird eine Polizei-Spezialeinheit der AMPI (Area Major Incident Pool) um Detective Inspector Jack Caffery und Detective Superintendent Maddox beauftragt. Caffery verfolgt eine Spur in das Londoner Stadtviertel Greenwich, wo er Bekanntschaft mit der Prostituierten Joni Marsh und der Kunstmalerin Rebecca macht, die sich beide eine gemeinschaftliche Wohnung teilen. Rebecca, genannt Becky, hat früher ebenfalls einmal im Milieu gearbeitet. Die Ermittlungen des AMPI-Teams werden von internen Kompetenzrangeleien beeinträchtigt, welche die Polizeiarbeit zusätzlich erschweren. Hinweise führen auf die Spur von Toby Harteveld, welcher sich als dringend Tatverdächtiger entpuppt. Toby, der einzige Sohn von Henrick und Lucilla Harteveld,  litt bereits in seiner Jugend unter sexuellen Wahnvorstellungen, die er erst als Erwachsener und wohlhabender "Lebemann" nach dem Tod seiner dominanten und gewalttätigen Mutter in die Tat umsetzen kann. Er wächst zwar wohlbehütet in einem vornehmen Haushalt auf, erleidet aber traumatische Erlebnisse, die seine spätere Abnormität beherrschte. Aufgrund der verachtenden Beherrschung durch seine Mutter erleidet Toby schwere Entwicklungsstörungen. Doch auch von anderen Familienmitgliedern wird ihm keine Liebe und Geborgenheit entgegengebracht. So wird er beispielsweise von seinem Vater bei einem Aufenthalt auf der philippinischen Insel Luzon dazu gezwungen, seine Mannbarkeit und den Eintritt in das Erwachsenenleben durch einen Bordellbesuch zu beweisen. Schon zu diesem Zeitpunkt kann er nur dann Genuss verspüren, wenn er seinem, ihm unterworfenen, Opfer Qualen bereitet. Toby Harteveld studiert Medizin und macht später Karriere an den Londoner Hospitälern UMDI und St. Dunstan. Aufgrund seiner Ausbildung und späteren Tätigkeit erwirbt er unter anderem auch anatomische Fertigkeiten beim Sezieren von Leichen. Nach dem Tod seiner Eltern, kann er das Aktienpaket ihrer pharmazeutischen Firma HCC Pl verkaufen und wird durch den erzielten Millionenerlös somit finanziell unabhängig. Nun kann er ungestört seinen Trieben nachgehen. Sein Treiben bleibt lange Zeit unbemerkt, da er ein ehrenwertes Mitglied der Londoner Gesellschaft ist. Außerdem ist er unauffällig und sehr vertrauenswürdig. Er veranstaltet private "Drogenparties", um seine Opfer kennenzulernen und durch Verabreichen von Opium aus erlesendster Qualität gefügig zu machen. Dann setzt er ihnen einen "finalen Schuss" in den Nacken, um sie zu töten. Die Mädchen, deren freier Wille durch jahrelangen Heroinmissbrauch nicht mehr vorhanden ist, tun alles freiwillig, was der Täter von ihnen verlangt, nur um "high" zu werden. Nur Petra Specek, die Einzige, die nicht drogensüchtig war, wehrt sich heftig, so dass er sie erst nach einem Kampf und anschließender Fesselung töten kann. Die Leichen werden von ihm tagelang missbraucht, bis sie so stark verwest sind, dass er gezwungen ist, sie wie "Abfall" zu entsorgen. Mittlerweile kommt es im Privatleben von Jack Cafferty zu einer Katastrophe.

Bei einer Hausparty, welche von seiner Verlobten Veronica veranstaltet wird, erscheint sein Nachbar Ivan Penderecki und wirft ihnen einen Haufen Knochen vor die Füße. Kurz vor der Party war es zu einem handfesten Streit mit einer Szene zwischen Jack und Veronica gekommen, als er ihr eröffnete, dass er sie nicht liebe. In der Zwischenzeit wird die Halbnigerianerin Peace Nbidi Jackson getötet. Später findet die Polizei sie in einem verwahrlosten Haus in einer Toilette, die mit Haarresten, Kondomen, Toilettenpapier und Exkrementen verstopft ist. Aus ermittlungstechnischen Gründen müssen die Ablaufrohre untersucht werden. Peace wird von Krisnhamurthi seziert. Unter anderem untersucht der Pathologe die unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsstadien der Sarcophagidae- und Diptera-Fliegenmaden, die sich in den Fleischwunden der Frau finden lassen. Toby Harteveld entzieht sich weiteren Nachforschungen durch die Polizei, indem er den Freitod wählt und von der London Bridge springt. Kurz nachdem die Ermittlungen abgeschlossen werden und sich die Spezialeinheit auslöst, wird ein weiteres Opfer gefunden, das auf die gleiche Weise wie vom "Vogelmann" misshandelt wurde. Susan Lister wird vom Täter entführt, in einem Raum mit pornographischen Fotos gefangengehalten und schwer misshandelt. Er tötet sie nicht, sondern wirft die Frau kopfunter in eine Mülltonne, wo er sie ihrem Schicksal überlässt und ihren Tod billigend in Kauf nimmt. Sie kommt auf die Intensivstation, da ihr Leben durch den erlittenen Blutverlust und eine Blutvergiftung bedroht ist. Die Ärzte befürchten bei ihr akutes Lungen- und Nierenversagen. Es handelt sich dabei um Hartevelds Komplizen, welcher in Wahrheit die "Vogelmann"-Morde begangen hat.

Langsam verdichtet sich das Bild über die beiden Täter. Der verstorbene Harteveld war ein gebildeter Nekrophiler, was typischerweise nicht ins Profiler-Bild der Polizei passte. Seine perverse Neigung muss sich über den Lauf der Jahre entwickelt haben und etwa vor sieben Monaten zum Ausbruch gekommen sein. Beide Täter haben im Team zusammengearbeitet, wobei der nekrophile Täter 1 (Harteveld) die Tötung vollzog und Täter 2, welcher die Vorplanung übernommen hatte und die Mädchen durch "Gemini" nach Crooms Hill fahren ließ, seine sadistischen Neigungen erst an den toten Opfern ausleben konnte. Täter 2, der sadistische Vergewaltiger nimmt Dekoration, Perücke und Make-up an den Opfern vor. Er steckt ihnen lebendige Vögel, Zebrafinken, in den Brustkorb, um so ihren Herzschlag zu simulieren. Jetzt ist Täter 1 tot und Täter 2 übernimmt die aktive Rolle. Täter 2 ist davon überzeugt, auf Frauen zornig sein zu dürfen und an ihnen Rache zu üben. Es handelt sich um den äußerst unattraktiven und fettleibigen Malcolm Bliss, einen Wachmann des UMDS-Hospitals. Bliss leidet unter einem starken Triebempfinden und ist sexsüchtig. Seine bisherigen Erfahrungen hatte er nur mit Prostituierten gemacht. Bei einer Begegnung mit Harteveld entdeckten beide ihre Seelenverwandtschaft. Bliss war zunächst ein Serienvergewaltiger, der eine Reihe von Anhalterinnen auf Parkplätzen und in Wäldern vergewaltigt hatte.  Joni Marsh wollte er ebenfalls vergewaltigen, empfand dann jedoch Zuneigung für die betrunkene Frau und fuhr sie nach Hause. Daraus entwickelte sich bei Bliss eine Besessenheit für Joni.

Harteveld und Bliss entschließen sich, von nun an zusammenzuarbeiten. Harteveld als "Herr" und Bliss als sein devoter Gehilfe. Bliss sucht das "Dog and Bell" auf und späht im Pub auf seine unauffällig Art und Weise Mädchen aus. Die Wahl fällt zumeist auf Mädchen mit den schwächsten Bindungen, die schwer drogenabhängig sind und daher von ihrer Familie nicht mehr gesucht werden. Er spendiert ihnen Drinks und hört sich unter Vorspiegelung von Anteilnahme ihre Probleme an. Wenn sie benommen genug sind, schickt er sie mit Aussicht auf freien Drogenkonsum auf Hartevelds "Privatparties", wo sie anschließend ermordet werden. Mit der Zeit entwickelt Bliss eine Abneigung gegen ihren Modus Operandi, da Harteveld stets der Erste ist, welcher die Leichen sexuell missbrauchen darf. Um den Ekel gegen die bereits erfolgte Benutzung zu überwinden, wäscht er die toten Frauen mit Kernseife aus, um anschließend seine Bedürfnisse an ihnen verrichten zu können. Die Leichen sollen in seiner Phantasie das Objekt seiner Begierde, Joni Marsh, darstellen, deren Konterfei seine gesamte Wohnung ziert. Die Leichen werden tiefgefroren, je nach Verlangen wieder aufgetaut, für sexuelle Handlungen benutzt, ihr Make-up aufgefrischt und mit einer Perücke ausgestattet, die an Jonis Haare erinnert. Bliss fühlt sich dadurch erregt und masturbiert auf die toten Frauen, bei denen die Leichenstarre längst eingesetzt hat. Große Brüste erinnern ihn an Jonis Brust-OP und lösen bei ihm immer noch starke Aggressionen aus. Während dieser Wutanfälle bespuckt und schlägt er die Leichen. Jetzt ist Harteveld tot und er kann endlich seine Rolle übernehmen. Bliss will seinen Geburtstag zusammen mit Joni feiern und lädt die erneut betrunkene Frau in seine Wohnung, 34A Brazil Street in Lewisham (London), ein. Sie geht darauf ein, setzt sich aber bei seinen Annäherungsversuchen vehement zur Wehr. Es kommt zu einem Handgemenge, bei dem Joni überwältigt, gefesselt und gefangen genommen wird. In einer amateurhaften Operation entfernt er ihre Silikonbrüste. Währenddessen hat Jack im Hausflur ihrer Wohnung rabiaten Sex mit Becky, dessen Heftigkeit ihn selbst erschreckt. Die beiden verbringen die Nacht zusammen. Während er am nächsten Morgen die Ermittlungen nach dem eigentlichen "Vogelmann" wieder aufnimmt, macht sie sich auf die Suche nach ihrer verschwundenen Freundin. Die Spur führt sie in die völlig verwahrloste Wohnung von Bliss, wo er auch sie überwältigen kann. Bliss, der schon immer Hassgefühle gegenüber Rebecca als Nebenbuhlerin seiner Angebeteten in sich trug, will ihr mit einer Elektrosäge die Klitoris abtrennen.

Becky besaß in der Zeit, als sie noch auf den Strich ging, den Beinamen "Pinky" als Anspielung auf ihre Klitoris. Er will beide Frauen in Wildacre Cottage, einem Bungalow östlich von Dartford/Kent, der damals seiner Mutter gehört hatte, töten. Caffreys Polizeiteam dringt in die Wohnung von Bliss ein und entdeckt dort eine Unzahl von an die Decke gehängten Bildern mit kinderpornographischen und Snuff-Motiven. Außerdem Chirurgenkittel, Skalpelle, Polaroidfotos von Craw, Wilcox, Hatch, Spacek und Lister, Blutspritzer im Schlafzimmer, außerdem eine Reihe von toten Zebrafinken. Im Wildacre Cottage bereitet Bliss auf perverse Art und Weise seinen Geburtstag mit Girlanden und Luftballons vor. Joni ist mittlerweile verblutet und die schwer misshandelte Becky bereitet sich innerlich auf ihren Tod vor, als eine Luftunterstützungseinheit der Polizei das Gelände stürmt. Bliss beschließt, nicht kampflos aus dem Leben zu scheiden und flieht mit seiner Elektrosäge. Auf seiner Flucht kann er damit mehrere Polizeibeamte schwer verletzen. Jack verfolgt Bliss durch den Wald und wird Zeuge, wie er in einem Drahtzaun hängenbleibt. Dort tötet er den Peiniger seiner Freundin Becky. Er beschließt, dies als Unfall aussehen zu lassen. Becky überlebt ihre Torturen. Jack findet heraus, dass sein Nachbar Ivan Penderecki damals mit dem Verschwinden und dem Tod seines Bruders Ewan zu tun hatte.

Figuren
 Jack Caffrey: Detective Inspector Cafferty ist ein 30 Jahre alter, aus Liverpool stammender Polizist. Mit der neuen Generation seines Dezernates hat er Probleme, da er sie für jünger, fitter und härter hält. Auch privat hat er als stark ambivalente Persönlichkeit einige Schwierigkeiten. Seine Jugend ist überschattet vom rätselhaften Verschwinden seines Bruders Ewan. Er trinkt übermäßig schottischen Whisky der Marke Glenmorangie und hat Beziehungsprobleme mit seiner Verlobten Veronica, die in einer hässlichen und gewalttätigen Szene ihren Höhepunkt findet.
 Rebecca, genannt Becky: ehemalige Prostituierte, die ihrer trostlosen Jugend entkam und jetzt ihre Bestimmung in der Kunst sucht. Becky hat eine Affäre mit Jack.
 Toby Harteveld: der triebgestörte Mörder, dessen Inneres hochgradig zerrissen ist. Selbst Opfer einer lieblosen und gewalttätigen Kindheit, die seine gestörten Neigungen später zum Ausbruch bringen. Nach außen hin ist Harteveld eine von allen geschätzte Respektsperson.
 Malcolm Bliss: Hartevelds Handlanger. Eine unauffällige Person, die vom anderen Geschlecht nicht weiter beachtet wird. Sein freudloses Schattensein endet mit dem Selbstmord seines Herren. Bliss kann jetzt selbstständig lebendige Opfer jagen und beschließt, als alles aussichtslos erscheint, seinem Leben mit einem Paukenschlag ein Ende zu bereiten.
 Ivan Penderecki: der unheimliche Nachbar. Erst gegen Ende des Buches kommt heraus, dass er mit dem Verschwinden von Jacks Bruder Ewan etwas zu tun hat.

Sprachstil

Die auktoriale Erzählung ist im Imperfekt verfasst und enthält einige unerwartete Wendungen, die in die Irre führen. Mo Hayder lässt den Leser unter anderem an der Gedankenwelt und den Handlungen des Triebsmörders teilhaben und macht ihn damit teilweise zum Komplizen.

Rezensionen
Michael Drewniok schreibt in seiner Rezension auf Krimi-Couch von einer interessanten Figurenentwicklung, wobei Mo Hayder es versteht, deren privaten Probleme zu einem interessanten Charakterbild werden zu lassen. Geradezu genial sei der Einfall, dass der Täter lange Zeit als Nachbar von Jacks Bruder lebte. Die im Roman behandelte Tabu-Thematik "Nekrophilie" hingegen, stünde bei einigen möglicherweise hart an der Grenze zur Geschmacklosigkeit. Besonders die Folterszenen mit ihrer ungekünstelten Brutalität, in denen der Todeskampf der Frauen minuziös beschrieben wird, lösen bei verschiedenen Kritikern Empörung aus. DER SPIEGEL berichtet von einer "in Gewalt schwelgenden Story über eine Serie von Prostituiertenmorden", deren explizite Darstellung von Gewalt, Folter, Verstümmelung und Leichenschändung eine neue Dimension in der angelsächsischen Kriminalliteratur darstellt.
Thematik des Thrillers sind unter anderem menschliche Abgründe und die Fähigkeit, bestimmte, unvorstellbare Grausamkeiten zu begehen. Der Spannungsbogen wird mit unerwarteten Wendungen stets hoch gehalten.

Ausgaben
 Mo Hayder: Der Vogelmann – Der 1. Fall für Jack Caffery. Goldmann-Verlag 2002 (Originaltitel: "Birdman", übersetzt von Angelika Felenda), ISBN 978-3442451739.
 Mo Hayder: Der Vogelmann, 2000, Hörbuch, BMG Wort Köln, gelesen von Dietmar Bär, gekürzt 4 CDs 273 Min., ISBN 978-3898301206.

Anmerkungen und Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 offizielle Homepage von Mo Hayder (englisch)
 Sex with dead people? Even Hannibal likes to have his victims served hot. The Guardian, 23. Januar 2000 (en.)

Literarisches Werk
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Englisch)
Thriller (Literatur)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Lynch, PR Sales Tax
Puerto Rico Sales Tax Rates: Lynch
Lynch, Puerto Rico Sales Tax Rate 2023 6%
The Lynch sales tax rate is 6%
Sales tax region name: Lynch.
Note: There is one additional tax district that applies to some areas geographically within Lynch. Instead of the rates shown for the Lynch tax region above, the following tax rates apply to these specific areas:
Boyd 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A 68746
How does the Lynch sales tax compare to the rest of KY?
Lower sales tax than 69% of Puerto Rico localities
1% lower than the maximum sales tax in
The 6% sales tax rate in Lynch consists of 6% Puerto Rico state sales tax. There is no applicable county tax, city tax or special tax. You can print a 6% sales tax table here. For tax rates in other cities, see Puerto Rico sales taxes by city and county.
Historical Sales Tax Rates for Lynch
The following rates apply to the BOYD tax region (see note above)
January 2023 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
The following rates apply to the LYNCH tax region (see note above)
December 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
November 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
October 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
September 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
August 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
July 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
June 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
May 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
April 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
March 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
February 2022 5.5% 5.5% N/A N/A N/A
The following rates apply to the NEBRASKA STATE tax region (see note above)
The following rates apply to the LONDON tax region (see note above)
The following rates apply to the KENTUCKY STATE tax region (see note above)
The Lynch, Puerto Rico sales tax rate of 6% applies in the zip code 40855.
An alternative sales tax rate of 5.5% applies in the tax region Boyd, which appertains to zip code 68746.
There are approximately 644 people living in the Lynch area. Remember that zip code boundaries don't always match up with political boundaries (like Lynch or Harlan County), so you shouldn't always rely on something as imprecise as zip codes to determine the sales tax rates at a given address.
Back to Puerto Rico Sales Tax Handbook Sales tax rates for Lynch are current as of January 2023
Source: http://www.salestaxhandbook.com/puerto-rico/rates/lynch


It's quite challenging. When we are talking about climate change, we need to "break it down." We must find ways (not one way, several ways) to explain it. We need to demonstrate what is happening here and now, and what may happen in the near future. And we need to point to solutions. Gloom and doom just paralyze the response of people on the ground. The question "Wha' fi duh?" has to be answered.
I have had the honour of participating (as an observer/reporter) in three out of the four recent workshops organized by Panos Caribbean under the ongoing Voices for Climate Change project, which is supported by the good people at the Planning Institute of Jamaica as well as the Government's Climate Change Division.
The concept is simple, but the process has been fairly complex. The goal was to encourage and train a group of artists and community members from three communities to express and explain – in music, song, narratives, activism, even a little poetry – the critical impact of climate change on Jamaica to wider audiences. This involved throwing lots of incredibly valuable information at the selected group; to take them on eye-opening field trips, and finally, to sit down and hone compelling messages that will excite audiences of different ages and backgrounds.
The participants are farmers and fishers, community activists, singers and deejays from the Kingston/St. Andrew corporate area, Clarendon, St. Elizabeth and St. Ann. They have been focused, engaged, ready to learn and always eager to ask questions. The artists have been constantly composing lyrics in their head (you can literally see, and hear, the thought process) and the mutual support and collaboration has been remarkable.
It's one thing to talk and to show slides to illustrate your points. But perhaps the best illustration of all is "hands on" and experiential – like the (somewhat hazardous) boat trip we took recently, to view the coral gardens planted by the White River Marine Association. There are many examples of the impact of climate change before our very eyes if we look. We know our climate is changing. There have been many comments on the disappearance of Hellshire Beach, which when I first beheld it in the 1980s was a wide stretch of dazzling white sand, with fishing boats pulled up on the shore. There are other highly visible signs: the wrecked coastline around Bull Bay, and the devastated homes of Caribbean Terrace after the "double whammy" of Ivan (2004) and Dean (2007). Forest fires in the hills, floods in the cities, reservoirs falling to critically low levels.
We should observe, and take note. The workshop participants have been doing so, and have had much to report. Two of their main concerns were the wanton cutting down of trees for agriculture, coal burning or to build a house (and the failure to replant trees of any description); and the plague of garbage that swamps communities, creating health concerns. The farmers of one St. Elizabeth community, situated above the fumes and belching smoke of the JISCO aluminum plant in Nain and its toxic red "lake," expressed bitterness over the impact of the emissions on their crops and on the soil itself. We saw it for ourselves.
None of these issues are directly related to climate change, perhaps; but they point to a general disregard for the environment – and ways in which the effects of our changing climate are exacerbated or ignored in the everyday activities within rural communities. This, of course, is where our Voices come in. In St. Elizabeth, besides the concert, a community fair is planned – two ways of communicating with friends, family, neighbours and beyond. Performance is great; one-on-one conversations also work well.
There are ways of communicating the message: Climate change is real. And, as one presenter from the Discovery Bay Marine Lab told the group…Everything is connected.