text:
Le musée Nietzsche de Sils-Maria (ou maison de Nietzsche, Nietzsche-Haus en allemand) est une maison-musée de Sils-Maria dans le canton des Grisons des Alpes suisses en Suisse, où le philosophe allemand Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) a séjourné durant les sept derniers étés lucides de sa vie, en 1881, et de 1883 à 1888 (lieu lié à son œuvre philosophique) avant de sombrer dans la démence jusqu'à la fin de sa vie.

Histoire
Cette maison rustique suisse, des hauteurs du village de montagne de Sils-Maria, entre les lac de Sils, et lac de Silvaplana, de la vallée de l'Engadine, du canton des Grisons, à 1800 m d'altitude dans les Alpes suisses (un des plus hauts lieux habité d'Europe) est proche de Saint-Moritz, aux frontières de la Suisse, du Tyrol, et de l'Italie.

Depuis la fin des années 1880 la Haute société et de nombreux intellectuels et artistes d'Europe, s'engouent pour des séjours de villégiature d'été, dans ce cadre enchanteur et romantique au climat chaud et sec, de la vallée de l'Engadine, dont Friedrich Nietzsche, Thomas Mann, Rainer Maria Rilke, Hermann Hesse, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Jean Cocteau, Marc Chagall, Giovanni Segantini, Giovanni Giacometti...

Séjours de Nietzsche

En 1879 Nietzsche (âgé de 35 ans) est contraint par sa très mauvaise santé physiologique, de quitter son emploi de professeur de philosophie de l'Université de Bâle. Il passe alors les vingt dernières années de sa vie à voyager en Europe, à la recherche de cadres de vie et de climat les plus propices à sa convalescence, et à la réflexion et composition de son œuvre philosophique. Il passe ses hivers sur la Côte d'Azur, entre Rapallo, Nice, ou Menton, et ses étés dans les Alpes suisses, à Saint-Moritz en 1879, puis il loue durant sept étés (1881, et 1883 à 1888) à la famille Durisch, une chambre modeste et austère du 1 étage de cette maison de Sils-Maria (qu'il nomme sa caverne) dans la vallée de l'Engadine, d'où il écrit à sa sœur Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche désirer finir sa vie dans ce havre de paix, de forêts et de lacs d'Engadine (lac de Sils, lac de Silvaplana, lac de Saint-Moritz) ou tout l'invite à la méditation et à l'apaisement « De tous les endroits de la Terre, je me sens le mieux ici, en Engandine. », « Il y a certainement beaucoup de choses plus grandes et plus belles dans la nature, mais ceci est étroitement et intimement parent avec moi, j'y suis lié par les liens du sang, par plus encore ».

Ces lieux de promenades enchanteurs de lacs et de forêts lui inspirent plusieurs de ses œuvres philosophiques. En regardant à l'horizon le lac de Silvaplana, il a la révélation du prophète  Zarathoustra et de son concept d'Éternel retour (concept nietzschéen) : « J'étais assis là dans l'attente, dans l'attente de rien, par-delà le bien et le mal jouissant, tantôt de la lumière, tantôt de l'ombre, abandonné à ce jeu, au lac, au midi, au temps sans but. Alors, ami, soudain un est devenu deux, et Zarathoustra passa auprès de moi... ». La première partie de Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra paraît en 1883. Il compose également durant cette période ses œuvres philosophiques Aurore de 1881, Le Gai Savoir de 1882, Par-delà le bien et le mal de 1886, Généalogie de la morale de 1887, Ecce homo, La Volonté de puissance, Crépuscule des idoles, Le Cas Wagner, et Nietzsche contre Wagner de 1888... ainsi que quelques-unes de ses correspondances de Nietzsche...

En avril 1888 Nietzsche est séduit par sa découverte de « la calme et aristocratique ville de Turin » en Italie. Il écrit à sa mère avoir trouvé là « son véritable bonheur » jusqu'à se qu'il sombre dans la démence en automne, jusqu'à la fin de sa vie en 1900.

Musée Nietzsche
En 1959 la maison est transformée en musée Nietzsche par quelques personnalités locales de la « Fondation de la Maison Nietzsche ». Il est officiellement inauguré le , pour la commémoration du soixantenaire de la disparition du philosophe. Les hôtels voisins  Edelweiss de 1876 (et sa terrasse ou Nietzsche prenait plaisir à s'attarder) et hôtel Alpenrose (où le philosophe avait l'habitude de prendre ses repas à midi) existent toujours.

La chambre du premier étage de Nietzsche est conservée dans son état austère original. La bibliothèque du musée possède l'une des plus importantes et rares collections du monde de plus de 4500 ouvrages multilingues sur le philosophe, dont trois dons de collections : les collections d'Oscar Levy (premier traducteur en anglais de Nietzsche), d'Hans Erich Lampl (chercheur de Nietzsche), et d'Albi Rosenthal (libraire antiquaire). Le musée expose également une importante collection d'objets, de meubles de son logement à Bâle, de documents de sa vie et de son oeuvre, photographies, textes, manuscrits, lettres, bustes, musique, ouvrages publiés par Nietzsche, spécimens littéraires rares... Le musée expose temporairement également des œuvres d'art moderne et d'art contemporain d'artistes régionaux locaux, ou en rapport avec le philosophe...

Notes et références

Voir aussi

 Lieux de mémoire littéraires - Monument historique (Suisse)
 Liste de musées en Suisse - Architecture rustique en Suisse
 Musée Nietzsche de Naumburg (maison d'enfance de Naumbourg en Allemagne)
 Friedrich Nietzsche - Biographie de Friedrich Nietzsche - Liste des œuvres de Friedrich Nietzsche

Liens externes
 www.nietzschehaus.ch
 www.engadin.stmoritz.ch/sommer/fr/museen/maison-de-nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche
Maison de personnalité
Musée littéraire
Musée dans le canton des Grisons

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It's a victory for shelter dogs and we helped make it happen. When the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), announced it would be paying breeders to produce several thousand dogs.
(GREAT VIDEO) ABC NEWS: "Highly Trained Military Dogs Meet Civilian Life"
Song in Support of Tammy Grimes!
This song is in support of Tammy Grimes of Dogs Deserve Better for saving the life of Doogie, and subsequently becoming a "criminal".


The Archbishop of Wales joined pupils, parents, teachers and governors to celebrate their school's 30th birthday this week.
Dr Barry Morgan re-dedicated All Saints Church in Wales School, Barry, and cut the birthday cake after a short service which was based on the original dedication service in 1986.
Welcoming the guests, headteacher Clare Lewis described the school as a treasure chest whose jewels were the children, staff, parents, governors and friends in the wider community.
Among the guests was the former Rector of All Saints, the Revd John Oeppen, who arrived at the parish weeks before the opening of the school in 1986 and served as the school's chair of Governors until his retirement 22 years later. Describing the challenges the new school faced, he paid tribute to the vision of its three headteachers – Mrs Lyn Allen (1986-90), Richard Ware (1991-2013) and Miss Lewis – and the dedication of the staff: "This is a school which has been well loved over the years and which gets things done," he said.
Another of the school's first governors was also present. Richard Gibbon had been a church warden at All Saints Church at the time and a well known businessman, having set up the PrintMet engineering company. Now aged 93, he and his wife, Mabe, have seen their three grandchildren go through the school.
Following the service, guests were treated to a tea party at which the Archbishop cut the birthday cake.


text:
Q: Deserializing nested JSON array using jackson In my app, I'm working with objects like this:
public class User {
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}

I make a call to an API, and the response looks like:
{
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Somehow, I'd like to call User[] users = restTemplate.getForObject(url, ...) and get my list of users.
However, I'm unsure of how to parse the json response and create a list of Users using Jackson.
Anyone have suggestions?

A: Jackson can deal with generic collections with POJO values:
try {
    Map<String, Map<String, List<User>>> result = mapper.readValue(response, new TypeReference<Map<String, Map<String, List<User>>>>() {});

    List<User> users = result.get("response").get("result");
    for (User user : users) {
        System.out.println(user.getName());
    }
} catch (Exception e) {
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A: public class User {
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OuterResponse outerResponse = restTemplate.getForObject(url, ...);
User[] users=outerResponse.getResponse().getResult();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Modern Civilization
Business Mathematic
Geographic Minerals
Assignment Point - Solution for Best Assignment Paper
Criminal Justice System in the United Kingdom
Subject: Law Topic: Assignment
The law of United Kingdom is uniform and specific compare to others country of the world. They are the most law abiding country of the world and that's the reason to foot them to highest step of success.
Though it is most law abiding country but in past there was no uniform law to regulate them but they adopt it in need of time.
Origin and nature of Laws of United Kingdom:
The main source and origin of laws of United Kingdom is Common law. Thus common law is the foundation of laws of UK as common law was the only system of adjudicating dispute among peoples of the country. Afterwards Equity and Statue law developed and make revolutionary changes in judicial system.
Considering from origin and nature of laws the law of United Kingdom are of three types:
Equity and
A. Common Law:
The Common Law is therefore, a body of rules which had never been ordained by any Monarch or enacted by any legislative body. It grew by decision and in the British system. In particular, it covers the general principles of the law of contracts and civil wrongs. The criminal law, too, was the Common Law. Though most of it has now been put into statutory form.
So Englishmen one of the most-abiding nations in the world and the Common Law was in origin a judge-made lad. The Common Law is a body of rules which had never been ordained by any Monarch, or enacted by any legislative body the criminal law, too, was the Common Law.
Common Law, arising from ancient customs, finds its origin to about eight hundred years back, Before the Norman conquest there was no uniform legal system. The courts were local bodies and the laws had varied a great deal in different places.
The Norman and Angevin Kings were determined to unite the nation and "to make the strength of Monarchy felt, or, in the legal phrase, to make the King's writ run," throughout the length and breadth of the land. They found that their judicial power was the most effective instrument for this purpose, and their practice was to send their judges to tour the country and to see that it was being properly governed. In the beginning, the traveling judges listened to cases in the local courts and applied the customs which they found in different places.
Gradually, they began to iron out the differences and applied the same principles every where much regarded for particular local custom. By the process of unification the judges built a system of rules which was the same or "common" for the whole of the realm.
B. Equity:
With the lapse of time, however, the Common Law became sufficiently inflexible as to give rise to serious complaints. Judges ceased to adapt it to the changing needs of British society. There were many cases in which the Common Law provided no remedy and sometimes there were manifest injustices because of rigid adherence to precedence.
Feudalism was disappearing and money was taking its place about the fifteenth century. The country at that time was passing through a period of social, economic and political instability in which justice often required a procedure less technical and dilatory and method of enforcement more summary, than those that the Common Law was providing.
The development of Equity, the second strand in English Law, provided remedies for deficiencies in to Common Law and saved the situation
The law had always regarded the Kings as the fountain of justice, and the court were his courts. If his courts failed to give justice an aggrieved subject was entitle to the King and to pray him to grant a remedy out to deal with each petition on merit, giving the matter his personal attention and sometimes discussing it with his Council. But he soon found that if he kept on dealing with the entire petition himself, he would have time for nothing else
Equity was rooted not in custom but in conscience. "It was based on the belief that law should correspond to the moral standard of the community" Since Equity provided remedies where the Common Law could only impose penalties, and as it recognized the existence of new problems to which the law had not been adapted, much business came to the Chancellors was framed a body of rules knows as an addition to it. Equity included such principles as following:
"Equity will not suffer a wrong to be
Without a remedy.
He who seeks equity must do equity
Delay defects equity.
Equality is equity.
Equity looks to the intent, rather than
To the form."
So, Equity consists of a miscellaneous collection of principles, "not systematically related to one another, but each tending to make this or that of the Common Law more equitable than would otherwise be". Equity simply added to the rules of the Common Law in order to make it more equitable and thereby to remove the rigidity or inadequacy of law
C Statute Law:
The Statute Law is composed of Acts passed by Parliament and this is by far the largest source of law in modern time .Until the nineteenth century almost all civil and criminal law was Common Law and Equity. Even when the civil and criminal law had been embodied in the Acts of Parliament their basis still remained Common Law. It must, however, be noted that Statute Law overrides the Common Law. This is unlike Equity, because it does not contradict Common Law. It simply mitigates Common Law or meets its deficiencies.
In case of a conflict between Statute and Common Law , the former is always upheld. For the Statute Law has final voice, whatever the Common Law , or past Statutes, or, decisions based on them may have prescribed, that can be altered by a new Statute.
In fact the need for Statutory Law was felt to remove the anomalies by the precedents which did not fulfill changing needs of society and were in conflict with the new standards.
When we turn from the sources to the contents of law, the most important distinction is the one between civil and criminal law. The object of civil proceedings, which is called "action", is give redress, usually, in the form of pecuniary damages, to some private party whose rights another has infringed, on the other hand, in criminal proceedings or "prosecutions" the law does not regard the wrong act as directed to a particular person only. It considers that there is a public interest at stake and its aim is to protect society against such acts by punishing the offender.
Some criminal Laws enforceable In United Kingdom:
Every judicial system is directed and administered through some rule, procedure and Act. United Kingdom for administering criminal judicial system has enacted different criminal rules and Act besides they follow common laws and hardly believe in equity.
For example for the purpose of fixing specific procedure of appeal they have enacted "Criminal Appeal Act, 1968".
Some of the criminal law enforceable in United Kingdom are mentioned bellow:
Juries Act 1974
Road Traffic Act 1988
Theft Act 1968
Suicide Act 1961
Prison Security Act 1992
Criminal Justice Act 1991
Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
Drug Trafficking Act 1994
Terrorism Act 2000
Criminal Damage Act 1971
Child Abduction Act 1984
Sexual Offences Act 1956
Classification of criminal courts:
United Kingdom has adopted and moderate their court system or structure of the court time to time as it demands.
Classification of criminal courts may be made in considering two period of time. they are:
The structure of courts in the Ancient legal system
The structure of courts in the contemporary legal system
A The structure of courts in the Ancient legal system:
Following courts were existing during ancient United Kingdom judicial system:
Petty cases courts:
Acting single, Justices of Peace and Magistrates have jurisdiction over petty cases.
Punishment by a fine of not more than twenty shillings or by imprisonment for not more than fourteen days.
Petty Session Court:
More serious cases than petty cases are tried by a Benches of two or more Justices or a Magistrate, its called a Court of Petty Session .The courts have summary jurisdiction.
Punishment may impose maximum fines ranging from ₤50 to ₤100 or even ₤500 in certain specified cases, or By imprisonment may impose a sentence up to six months or in a very few cases, a year.
If the offence is punishable by imprisonment for more than three months, the accused may be tried by Jury.
Quarter Sessions Court:
The Court of Quarter Sessions composed of two or more of the Justices from the whole of county. In the larger towns it is presided over by a single paid Magistrate, the Recorder, appointed by the Home Secretary. All indictable offences, save the most serious, can be tried here, and appeals from the Courts of Summary Jurisdiction are heard. In fact, it is the court in which majority of grave crimes are tried.
Court of Assizes:
Court of Assizes is branches of the High Court of Justice. They are held in the country towns and in certain big cities three times a year. A Queen's Benches judge is the presiding officer of the court assisted by a jury.
The Assistant Judges work on circuits covering England and Wales, and travel from one country to another in the course of their duties and try any indictable offence committed in the country.
The Judge at a criminal trial, in English law it is not the function of a judge to discover the truth. He observed the rules and both sides to the cases have fair play.
The truth will be known when the jury gives their verdict. If the jury returns the verdict of not guilty, the accused is forthwith discharged. If on the other hand, it finds him guilty, the judge pronounces judgment. If the jury cannot agree , there may be a new trial with a different set of juries.
The House of Lords:
The House of Lords is the highest Court, as stated previously, both in civil and criminal cases. But its criminal business is quite exceptional. Since 1948 the House of Lords has voted away the historic rights of its members to tried for treason or felony by a jury of Peers of their owe or higher rank. The House no longer exercises any original jurisdiction.
B. The structure of courts in the contemporary legal system
A working knowledge of the court structure is required for the understanding of the location of adjudication, the types of dispute handled and the interaction of culture and personnel. You should learn the jurisdiction of each type of court (i.e. what kinds of case it can deal with), how it fits into the hierarchy of courts, how it compares with other courts in terms of workload and how it is organized (e.g. where it sits; who the judges are). The relevant courts are, beginning with the lowest:
 Magistrates' Courts
 County Courts
 the Crown Court
 the High Court
 the Court of Appeal
 the Supreme Court
 the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
 the European Court of Justice.
Magistrates' Courts have a wide and varied jurisdiction. They are involved in some way in virtually all criminal prosecutions; magistrates hear cases concerning young persons (when constituted as a Youth Court), family or 'domestic' proceedings, as well as enforcement of income tax or local tax. Magistrates' Courts are therefore of enormous importance in the criminal justice decision-making process. They also grant (or refuse) licensees for the sale of alcoholic liquor, betting, etc. Aside from their breadth of jurisdiction, the most important feature of Magistrates' Courts is the extensive involvement of lay people (non-professionals) as judges.
There are approximately 26,000 magistrates who sit as unpaid, part-time lay judges; in inner London, by contrast, there are professional 'stipendiary magistrates' (recently renamed District Judges, Magistrates' Court), advised by a professionally qualified clerk. The fact that professional judges sit in Magistrates' Courts in inner London is largely an accident of history.
 County Courts:
There are almost 250 County Courts in England and Wales. As a result most medium sized and large towns contain this court of first instance in the civil justice process. As of January 1999, the County Court will normally hear cases on contract and tort to a limit of £25,000, and certain property and other matters to a limit of £30,000. Claims in contract or tort between £25,000 and £50,000 can either be heard in the County Court or High Court, while claims over £50,000 will be heard in the High Court
Although predominantly a court of first instance for the trial of the more serious criminal offences, the Crown Court also has significant appellate and civil business. The most controversial aspect of the Crown Court's jurisdiction concerns the extent to which an accused person should have the right to insist upon trial by jury. The relationship between the Crown Court and Magistrates' Courts as higher and lower trial courts for criminal cases raises questions similar to those mentioned above relating to civil courts. But the relationship between the criminal courts is more complex, because jury trial is available in criminal cases only in the Crown Court; any proposal to adjust this relationship will necessarily raise sensitive questions about extending/removing the right to jury trial.
The High Court is based in London, with various provincial 'branches'. Some knowledge of its historical development is essential to understand the modern arrangement of the High Court. Note that the High Court is merely one part of the Supreme Court of England and Wales
The High Court has three branches:
 the Chancery (the historic successor to the Chancellor's Court) dispensing equity. It mainly deals with trust matters, conveyance, mortgages, contested probate, intellectual property other than that covered by the Patents Court (one of the four specialist courts of the High Court) bankruptcy and appeals from decisions of Commissioners of Inland Revenue
 the Queen's Bench, which mainly deals with personal injury, contract and tort claims
 The Family Division, which hears divorce cases and ancillary matters, and Children Act cases.
It is only necessary for you to understand what decisions may be the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal Civil Division or to the Court of Appeal Criminal Division, and how the Court is constituted to hear them.
The Supreme Court came into being in October 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords, and assuming the devolution jurisdiction of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The Supreme Court is now the highest court in the UK. The court is staffed by 12 'independently appointed judges' – Justices of the Supreme Court. The Court's jurisdiction extends over appeals on matters of law raising issues of 'great public importance' in civil cases from the UK. It also has a similar jurisdiction over criminal law in cases from England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The powers of the court also cover issues in raised by devolution – as specified under the Scotland Act 1998, the Northern Ireland Act 1998, and the Government of Wales Act 2006 (www.supremecourt.gov.uk/about/the-supreme-court.html).
Primarily a Commonwealth court, the Judicial Committee is of interest mainly in relation to the doctrine of precedent. It has played an important role in drawing together the common law legal family, although the number of common law countries that have it as their highest court is declining.
 The European Court of Justice
An important recent feature of the English legal system is the increasing use made of two courts, the first of which − the European Court of Justice (ECJ) − takes its jurisdiction from the United Kingdom's entry into the European Union, while the second − the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) − takes its jurisdiction from the United Kingdom's signing the European Convention on Human Rights.
The European Court of Justice
This court hears:
 Applications from member states' courts for preliminary rulings under Article 177 EEC [European Economic Convention]
 Direct actions against member states or EU institutions
 requests for opinions on international law and the European Treaty
 Tort claims
 Certain action for judicial review.
Appointment of Magistrates and judges:
Following are the methods of appointment of judges and magistrates:
Appointment of Magistrates:
The Stipendiary Magistrates are appointment by the Secretary of state for Home Affairs and barristers of seven years' standing.
Appointment of Judges:
Justices of the Peace are appointment by the Lord Chancellor [ft- or by the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster] on the recommendations of the Lord-Lieutenants of the counties. The Magistrates have jurisdiction over the same classes of cases as Justices of the Peace and also some additional powers.
Salient features of criminal laws of United Kingdom:
Englishmen one of the most abiding nations in the world. Their laws, their customs and their law abiding mentality brings them to the highest stage of development. Entire laws of that English man has amended and developed time to time because of the changes of the time and for necessity.
However some features of this law made their laws complete and justifiable to seek justice. Following are some basic features which made their laws complete comparison to others country:
A. Rule of law:
Rule of law has a great importance in judicial system of United Kingdom. As there rule of law is ensured no one can escape and also no one is beyond the judicial capacity so possibility of ensuring criminal justice becomes light.
To know how rule of law works in criminal justice system we have to understand what is rule of law and what does it objects?
Rule of law One of the very important features of the British constitution is there cognition of the Rule of Law. It is based on the Common Law of the land and is the product of the centuries of struggles of the people for the recognition of their inherent rights and privileges. It means three things– First—What is supreme in Britain is law. There is no such thing as arbitrary power and every rule by which the government governs must be authorized by law, either Statute Law, passed by Parliament, or by the ancient principles of Common Law, Which have been recognized for many hundreds of years now.
In other words, the "Latin tag populi supreme lax" – cannot be used by the government as an excuse for pursuing its own idea of the public interest without regard for legality.
Second— Everyone is subject to the law and no one can plead that he acted under orders. His business like everyone else is to obey the law. The government and its officials derive such power as they possess from the ordinary law.
Third— The Rule of Law makes the government subject to Parliament and through Parliament to the people. To put it another way, Parliamentary supremacy is, in part, only tolerable because the Rule of Law is recognized.
So, where the Rule of Law prevails no one can suffer any penalty or loss of liberty unless he has been tried and sentenced by a court. At one time it was the practice in periods of emergency in Britain to pass Acts of Parliament suspending the issue of the Writ of Habeas Corpus.
B. Jury:
Introduction to juries
The highly distinctive role that the jury has played in the English legal system was noted in earlier chapters. It used to be said that the jury was one of the leading exports of the UK, along with football, cricket, the common law and the parliamentary system. It became enshrined in the US Constitution, where currently in most criminal cases the charge is first considered by a grand jury with between 12 and 23 members. It is of interest to have a basic understanding of the operation of the jury in the US. There the grand jury hears witnesses against the accused, and if 12 jurors believe that there is sufficient evidence to prosecute, an indictment or the like is presented. The jury sitting at the trial proper is called a petit (or petty) jury from its smaller size (usually 12 members). The selection of a trial jury is essentially alike in civil and in criminal cases. The venire, a panel of prospective jurors living in the district where the trial is to be held, is summoned for examination. Counsel for the parties may first challenge the array, that is, object that the venire as a whole was improperly chosen or is for some reason unfit. The challenges to the poll (the members of the venire taken individually) that follow are designed to secure as jurors unbiased persons without special knowledge of the matters in issue. Included are challenges for principal cause. (i.e. some grounds such as relationship to a party that requires dismissal of a member of the venire); challenges to the favor (i.e. suspicion of unfitness on which the judge rules); and a limited number of other challenges. Once selected, the jury (usually with several alternates) takes an oath to act fairly and without preconceptions. At the close of the evidence, and after the summations of counsel, the judge instructs the jury concerning the verdict.
The value of juries in civil trials is disputed both in the US and the UK. Opponents of juries argue that they are ineffective, irrational, and cause delay; proponents argue that juries bring community standards to bear, can moderate the effects of harsh laws, and are a protection against incompetent judges. Although the use of juries is declining for various reasons, common-law countries have a clear symbolic regard for the jury and show great care in the selection of jurors.
Procedure regarding Jury:
One of the basic features of the criminal court of United Kingdom is jury. Jury is the body to administer justice like court but hold some difference in formation. Every jury is formed or consisted of twelve to twenty three presiding judges to deal with any dispute place before them. The fundamental of this jury system is that two or more judges presided over it. The jury system is more successful and the decision of it is more justifiable because there exist co operation between the judges and whenever the judgment is made by twelve to twenty three consciences it becomes justifiable.
The laws of United Kingdom has give it importance and that's why the decision pronounce by it is more acceptable. The gentle United Kingdom has adopted law to specify its power and function and other procedure. The Act is known as "The Juries Act, 1974".
A Finding through research in Jury:
Thomas, Professor at the Centre for Empirical Legal Studies at University College London. The survey included more than 1,000 jurors at Crown Courts and a separate study of over 68,000 jury verdicts. In newspaper comments Professor Thomas summarized the findings:
This research shows that juries in England and Wales were found to be fair, effective and efficient – and should lie to rest any lingering concerns that racially-balanced juries are needed to ensure fairness in trials with BME defendants or racial evidence. But it is also clear from the research that jurors want and need better information to perform this crucial role. The study recommends that all sworn jurors be issued with written guidelines explaining what improper conduct is, including use of the Internet, and how and when to report it.
C. Summary trial:
Course of a summary trial
The course of a summary trial is, to a large extent, identical to the course of trial on indictment. As this is not a law of evidence course, we shall be exploring aspects of the course of trial, both summarily and on indictment, so as to highlight some of the key issues for discussion. The key distinction is that in a summary trial the magistrates are tries of both fact and law. By contrast, a trial on indictment will be heard by a jury who decide on questions of fact and before a judge who will advise the jury on issues of law. Following are the steps of a summary trial by the courts of magistrate:
1 The plea:
As the summary trial begins, the clerk of the court will put the information to the accused. The accused must then plead either guilty or not guilty. If the accused stays silent, a not guilty plea will be entered. If the accused pleads guilty, the magistrates move to the process of sentencing, which we shall deal with later.
2. Prosecution case:
If the accused pleads not guilty, the prosecution has to prove that the accused did commit the offence with which he or she is charged. The prosecution can give an opening statement, but given the magistrates' experience in trying cases this is unlikely to be long. The prosecution will then examine their witnesses in chief, who will then be cross examined by the defense. If any matters are raised during cross-examination, the prosecution has the right to re-examine their witnesses. There may also intermittently be questions from the bench. Written statements can be used under s.9 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967.
3. Submission of no case
Once the prosecution has outlined its case, the defense may decide to make a Submission of no case to answer. This should be upheld if there is no evidence to prove an essential element of the offence charged, or if the evidence presented by the prosecution has been so discredited by the defense that it is manifestly unreliable and no reasonable tribunal would convict on it. If a submission of no case is upheld the accused goes free. If not, the trial continues.
4. Defense case
Under rule 37.1 CrimPR, if there is a case to answer the defense may wish to call evidence, but does not have to. The defendant is a competent witness, and therefore can give evidence, but is never compellable, so cannot be forced to give evidence. Once the defense evidence has been presented the defense can deliver a closing speech. The prosecution does not have the right to deliver a closing speech, but the relative informality does permit them to ask questions when and if they become relevant.
5. Verdict
If the summary trial is being presided over by a district judge, the judge will usually announce his or her decision immediately. Lay magistrates tend to retire to consider their verdict. Unlike the jury in a trial on indictment, the judge at summary trial must deliver a verdict based on the offence charged. Under s.142 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980, if the magistrates then have second thoughts they can direct that the case be re-heard by different justices.
A pre-trial review involves the magistrates ordering the steps that need to be taken for Trial. This can include special measures directions for vulnerable witnesses and rules
Committal for sentencing:
Once a defendant has pleaded guilty or has been found guilty by the magistrates' Court, the magistrates will then proceed to sentence. They will follow a procedure (Described in Chapter 14). In doing this they are limited by the restrictions on their powers of punishment. Under s.154 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003, the maximum prison sentence that the magistrates can impose in respect of any one offence is twelve months. The maximum aggregate term for two or more offences is 65 weeks. All of this is done in line with the new 'custody plus' arrangements.
D. Appeal:
The procedure of appeal in criminal justice system is described and specified in criminal appeal Act, 1968. This is the English man who enacts laws regarding every navel matters. So it can be said that appeal process of the criminal court is unitary.
Following are the process as to appeal from an inferior court to the higher court in criminal justice system of United Kingdom:
Appeals from the magistrates' courts
There are three ways in which a decision of a magistrates' court can be challenged. These are:
Appeal to the Crown Court
Appeal to the High Court by way of case stated
Appeal to the High Court for judicial review.
An appeal to the Crown Court can only take place if a person has been convicted, whereas an appeal to the High Court by way of case stated or for judicial review can be made by anyone who is 'aggrieved' by the magistrates' court decision.
This is the most important process of the three for this course. It is governed by ss.108–110 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 and Part 63 of the Criminal Procedure Rules 2005. If a person is convicted by a magistrates' court, they may only appeal in certain prescribed circumstances. If that person pleaded not guilty, they can appeal against their conviction or their sentence. But if they pleaded guilty, they can only appeal against their sentence. This latter process is governed by s.108 (1) of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980. Under s.108 (3) an appeal against sentence can be brought in respect Of any order made. There is an express prohibition on appealing an order to pay costs. As has already been indicated, a plea of guilty at trial in the magistrates' court will Prohibit an appeal against conviction. There are three exceptions to this rule.
Pleas equivocal when made. This is where the defendant says 'guilty' but adds things like 'I did it to defend myself'. The law would normally demand that this accused change their plea to 'not guilty' but if they do not, appeal is possible. This will usually result in the case being remitted by the Crown Court for full hearing on a not guilty plea.
Pleas subsequently shown to be equivocal. This is where a plea is made unequivocally but is then rendered equivocal by additional information provided by the defendant before the magistrates pass sentence. A good example would be where the defendant pleads guilty to breaking into someone's house but then, in mitigation, tells the magistrates that he had broken in by mistake, believing it to be his friend's house, and that the friend would not have minded him breaking in. This would make the guilty plea inconsistent with the mitigation.
Pleas entered under duress. Even if a plea of guilty was unequivocal when made and this was still the case prior to the passing of sentence, this will not prevent appeal if the plea was subsequently discovered to have been entered under duress. A good example would be where two people are jointly charged with theft and one party would have argued that they were forced to undertake the theft, fearing serious harm to them or their loved ones, and they were likewise forced to enter the plea of guilty because the other party had decided that a guilty plea would result in a lesser sentence.
Finally, the Criminal Cases Review Commission can refer a conviction in the magistrates' court to the Crown Court even if it is based upon a guilty plea.
Appeal to the High Court by case stated
This process is one where an appeal takes place on a point or points of law. The clerk of the magistrates' court prepares the document for appeal with the co-operation of the magistrates. This appeal is then filed with the High Court. These appeals are governed by s.111 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980, Part 64 of Criminal Procedure Rules 2005, and Order 56, Rules of the Supreme Court 1965.
Procedure on appeal
An application for appeal on this process must be made within 21 days. It must be in writing and should identify the question of law or jurisdiction on which the High Court's opinion is sought. The application is then sent to the clerk of the relevant magistrates' court. If it is felt to be a frivolous appeal, then under s.111(5) of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 a certificate will be issued by the magistrates explaining that the application has been refused. If this happens, the defendant can apply to the High Court for an order which compels the magistrates' court to state a case.
The magistrates will then draft a letter stating the case by identifying the key facts of the case, but not the evidence that led to these facts being established. The charge or charges heard are then outlined and the contentious issues relating to questions of law or jurisdiction are raised along with any authorities raised or the magistrates' decision. Once this has happened the letter is sent to the appellant, who then has to lodge it within ten days. If it is not lodged within ten days it will be struck out. If a custodial sentence has been passed, bail may be granted.
Appeals from the Crown Court
Historically, if a person was convicted on indictment there was no general right of appeal. This was changed by the Criminal Appeal Act 1907, which created the Court of Criminal Appeal. The Court of Criminal Appeal was then abolished by the Criminal Appeal Act 1966, which transferred its jurisdiction to the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division). The primary function of the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) is to hear appeals by the defense against the accuser's conviction or sentence. Other functions include a procedure whereby the Attorney-General can increase an over-lenient sentence by referring the case to this court. It is also possible for the court to give an opinion on a point of law which arose during the trial that led to an acquittal.
The Lord Chief Justice is President of the Criminal Division. When Considering an appeal, there must be at least three judges sitting. There may be more, but this is rare. This panel can deliver majority decisions.
Besides this the legal system of united kingdom has clear and specific provision as to appeal in different exception .for example Criminal legal system of united kingdom does not exclude following matters of appeal::
Appeal from the High Court to the House of Lords
Appeals against conviction(Section 2(1) of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968)
Appeal in case of Errors in a trial
Effect of an appeal (Under s.2(2) of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968)
Appeals against sentence.( Under s.9 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968)
Sentencing:
The Criminal judicial system of United Kingdom has adopted an Act to deal with the sentencing pronunciation procedure. They adopt Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000. According the very Act Sentencing in United Kingdom are two forms:
Custodial sentences
Others Sentence
1 Custodial Sentence:
If an adult is faced with a custodial sentence, this means that he or she is facing a period of imprisonment. For a sentence of imprisonment to be passed the offender must be aged 21 or over. Offenders under 21 years of age are awarded a sentence of detention rather than imprisonment. Both terms suggest that the offender's liberty will be limited and they will be allocated to a prison. There are two main types of prison: closed and open prisons. Closed prisons have boundary walls or fences and the parameter is secure. Open prisons, by contrast, enjoy a far more relaxed regime.
Prisons may also be local, which means that they house prisoners who are on remand or long-term prisoners who are being allocated to a training prison. Training prisons are either open or closed and usually provide useful working facilities. They have far better conditions than local prisons.
When deciding that a custodial penalty is to be imposed, the court has to abide by certain statutory requirements.
These include the following:
All prisoners have to be legally represented or must have been offered such representation.
The criteria laid out in s.152 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 must be met before a custodial sentence is passed.
A pre-sentence report should be obtained before a custodial sentence is passed (s.156 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003).
All aggravating and mitigating factors must be considered by the court before a Custodial sentence is passed.
The court must state its reasons for passing a custodial sentence.
Sentencing for statutory offences
Whilst all common law offences (most notably manslaughter) are prima facie
Punishable with life imprisonment, statute has defined the maximum penalty for a Number of key offences. Prisons are the usual forum for custodial sentences and are classified according to the Level of security imposed. All offenders under the age of 21 are detained, whereas all Offenders over 21 are imprisoned.
2. Fines:
If a community sentence is not appropriate and the threshold is not met, a fine may be the appropriate non-custodial sentence. If the offence is an indictable one, there is no maximum limit placed on the Crown Court with regard to the size of the fine. However, fines are by far the most common penalty for summary offences and each offence will be allocated to a level which caps the limit of the fine.
The levels of fine are:
Level 1 £200
Level 3 £1,000
Level 5 or either way offence £5,000.
To impose a fine the magistrates need to consider the seriousness of the offence under s.164 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003. Having considered aggravating and mitigating factors, the court will then decide, on means testing grounds, whether the fine should be level A (assessed on 50% of weekly take home pay), level B (assessed on 100% of weekly take home pay) or level C (assessed on 150% of weekly take home pay). page 246 University of London International Program. At the time of issuing the fine, the court must make clear the term of imprisonment that will be imposed if the offender defaults and does not pay. The court imposing the fine must give the offender time to pay. Fines can be combined with the community sentence if it is appropriate.
3. Other sentences:
Endorsement and disqualification from driving
If a traffic offence is suitably serious, the offending driver may find themselves
Disqualified from driving, under the Road Traffic Act 1988. This is a good example of Incapacitation at work as it demands that the offender be prevented from committing the offence again by rendering them unable to do so. Lesser traffic offences Involve the driver's license being endorsed with penalty points. When the penalty Points add up to 12, the license is confiscated and the defendant is disqualified for at least six months. If the offender is convicted of:
causing death by dangerous driving
careless driving whilst under the influence of alcohol or drugs
trying to drive whilst under the influence of alcohol or drugs or
They will be automatically disqualified. A minimum period of 12 months must pass before they are allowed to hold a driving license again.
Forfeiture and compensation orders
Under s.143 of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000, a forfeiture order can be made if the court is satisfied that the offender used the property to be confiscated to commit or facilitate the offence. Section 130 of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 provides for the order where an offender has to pay compensation to the victim of his offence.
Restitution and confiscation orders
Under s.148 of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000, goods which have been stolen can be recovered where the court orders anyone having possession or control of the goods to restore them to the original owner. Under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 it is now possible for the Crown Court to utilize its power to confiscate the assets of those convicted of criminal offences.
Recommendation for deportation
If a convicted offender is not a British citizen, then under s.3 of the Immigration Act 1971 a recommendation can be made to the Home Secretary that he be returned to his country of origin.
Hospital order
Sections 37–43 of the Mental Health Act 1983 cover the provision of hospital orders where the court decides that an individual should be admitted and detained in Hospital where they can receive treatment for their mental disorder. The effect of the order is to authorize the offender's move to a hospital where they will be housed for about six months before the review begins.
Anti-social behavior order (ASBO)
An ASBO can be awarded under s.1 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Here the court protects the local community from the anti-social behavior that others have engaged in by preventing the 'offenders' from disrupting others' lives.
Registration under the Sex Offenders Act 1997
As a result of this legislation, some offenders are required to notify the police of their whereabouts so that supervision in the community can take place.
Disqualification from working with children
If an offender has been convicted of an offence involving a child, they can be disqualified by the court from working with children in future.
F. Bail:
Bail is the release of a person who is subject to a duty to surrender to custody at an appointed time and place. Bail is the process of getting release from the custody legally. The gentle United Kingdom has adopted a specific Act for determining procedure on bail. the Act is known as the Bail Act 1976.
Some remarkable development on Bail by the Act is pointed out bellow:
Remand on bail or in custody
Principles governing the decision to grant or refuse bail
Custody time limits
The imposition of conditions for bail(Section 3 of the Bail Act 1976)
Duty to surrender to custody
Sureties
Deposit of security
G. Regulation or procedure regarding police:
Power, function and others procedure regarding police has been specified by several enactments of Acts. Among them Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 is the most efficient:
Summery of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
The majority of police powers involved in the detection of crime are to be found in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. These statutory provisions are accompanied by extensive Codes of Practice which provide substantial guidance as to the way in which police powers should be exercised. A criminal charge can be brought about in two particular ways. For serious offences an arrest followed by detention in a police cell can take place before a decision to charge is taken. For less serious offences the process of issuing a summons is used.
The Act does not forget to include the followings procedure:
The power to arrest without warrant(s.24 and s.24A of PACE)
Detention without charge is dealt with under ss.40–44 of PACE and there is a timetable which the police are expected to follow to reach a resolution as to whether or not to charge.
The main milestones of detention without charge are as follows:
Within 6 hours A review takes place to decide whether it is necessary to hold the detainee.
Within 15 hours Nine hours after the first review a second review takes place.
Within 24 hours here a detainee must be charged or released unless the continued detention has been authorized by the station superintendent.
Within 36 hours Here a detainee must be charged or released unless a magistrates' court has issued a warrant of further detention.
After 72 hours the magistrates' court can extend the detention for a further 36 hours after the first 36 hours.
After 96 hours The magistrates' court can extend the detention for a further 24 hours after the first two periods of 36 hours. At the end of this period the detainee must
Right to a solicitor(s.58(1) of PACE)
Recording what the suspect says
Powers of stop and search(ss.1–3 of PACE)
Powers to search premises(Section 8 of PACE)
Statutory safeguards(ss.15–16 of PACE)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At the height of the Nehekharan civilization, a cult took rise that would eventually be known and revered as the Mortuary Cult. The idea of ever life was always something that the Nehekharans sought after, and if they could give life to beings even more ancient then Nehekhara the cult knew they would be able to figure out the secrets of the afterlife. One of the most powerful creations was that of the Bone Giants, who were infused with great power to protect the tombs of the passed on Kings.
The bones of Magog are even more ancient than recorded history, to a time when Giants roamed the earth freely and without fear. The smaller beings of the world even worshipped them as if gods, paying homage and offering sacrifice to them. Magog and his twelve brethren wandered from crude village to crude village across an extremely large swath of land from the giant fortress built at the top of huge mountain that is now lost in the known world. But soon a new power seemed to emerge into the world, the first signs of chaos came and Daemons swarmed across the land in numbers that even the Giants could not contain. Magog himself was known to be the greatest fighter of all his brethren, and defended the mountain fortress against swarms of lesser daemons who attempted to break down the doors. Finally, a bestial face appeared in front of him, with a body almost as tall as himself and massive leathery wings protruding from its back. Powerful axe struck against copper sword in the monstrous duel, as the greater daemon of Khorne overwhelmed Magog and finally removed his mighty head from his shoulders.
It was the bones of this great being that the Mortuary Cult animated to protect the tomb of Prince Neb'nesew for an eternity. The bones that now stir the sand and will protect the Prince as he once swore to protect his land, but no memory of that previous life still exists in the animated bones of this giant, only the will to serve.


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Q: android opengl slowdown after sprites are drawn Sorry for the non-descriptive title to this post, but I just couldn't phrase it (please suggest a better title if you think of one).
A part of my current engine calls a quad to be rendered over and over for dynamic lights... and it seemed to be working fine, but for some weird reason after a few lights are created then destroyed the game remains as slow as it would be if they were still being drawn... I'm wondering if my drawSprite function is leaving something in memory...
Here is the function with a slimmed down version of the function that calls it:
    public void lightBlock(GL10 gl, int _x, int _y, float shade)
    {

        if (map[_x][_y].Type()==1)
        {
        gl.glPushMatrix();
        gl.glTranslatef(_x*2,getFH(_x,_y)+.01f,_y*2);
        gl.glRotatef(90,1, 0, 0);
        gl.glScalef(2, 2, 0);
        gl.glColor4f(shade,shade,shade, 1f);
        drawSprite(gl,0);

        gl.glPopMatrix();

        gl.glPushMatrix();
        gl.glTranslatef(_x*2,getRH(_x,_y)-.01f,_y*2);
        gl.glRotatef(-90,1, 0, 0);
        gl.glScalef(2, 2, 0);
        gl.glColor4f(shade,shade,shade, 1f);
        //Draw the vertices
        drawSprite(gl,0);

        gl.glPopMatrix();
        }

    }

    public void drawSprite(GL10 gl, int tex)
    {
        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
        gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
        gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
        //defines the vertices we want to draw
        gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, SvertexBuffer);
        gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, StexBuffer);

        //Draw the vertices
        gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES,  6, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT,  SindexBuffer);
        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
        gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
    }

If the lights are not in use, these functions are not called... but oddly enough once they have been called many times, the game runs as slow as it would be if they were all running at once... And it runs normally as soon as I comment out the "drawSprite()" calls...
The lights are called inside the "onDrawFrame" function.
Any help would be great...

A: Have you checked you aren't making too many of the objects?
I had a problem where it got progressively slower, turned out I wasn't clearing my "addToScene" list. This mean every frame I was adding annother set of all the entities in my game.
If you are doing that with sprites, you won't notice the slowdown if you comment out the thing that takes time - ie the drawing.


text:
Aerial Refueling / Air to air photography / Airliners / Aviation History / Photorecon.net Random Aviation Photos
Random Aviation Photos #6
by Ken Kula · September 12, 2020
Mike Colaner caught this MiG-23UB in a sinister pose, at New Castle Delaware.
Here are your next two dozen stellar Random Photos of the Month from Photorecon.net… enjoy!
Scott Yoak in his pristine North American P-51 Mustang "Quicksilver".
A Maule seaplane making a splash at Greenville, Maine.
PSA BAe-146 and MD-80s at their gates at LAX airport many years ago.
A Shorts Skyvan at Anchorage, Alaska.
A Boeing B-777 freighter turns onto the active runway at Anchorage, Alaska.
Another angle of the MiG-23UB ("UB" is the 2-seat version) at New Castle, Delaware.
F-16C lands at Klamath Falls, Oregon, carrying a special 70th Anniversary paint scheme.
Mike Colaner caught this F-18E Super Hornet apparently passing under an overhead canopy.
Special colors on this Star Wars – themed F/A-18 Growler pay homage to the Squadron's name. The VAQ-209 "Star Warriors" were once based at NAS Andrews in Maryland, but now reside in Washington State, at NAS Whidbey Island.
This is a Curtiss "Jenny", a restored World War I DH4, and might be the last of her kind in America, or the world.
Another "CAG bird", this F/A-18E jet carries the colors of VFA-137.
This Super Hornet from VX-23 carries the Test Squadron's special color scheme.
USAF C20B Gulfstream at Madison, Wisconsin on July 26, 2013.
McGuire AFB – based KC-10A Extender on approach.
A Navy C-130T inbound to McGuire AFB, New Jersey.
USAF F-15E Strike Eagle Demonstration Team showing its high speed pass.
Sneak attack by a MiG-17 during a Portsmouth, New Hampshire air show.
This Convair 580 was about to embark on a passenger flight between Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks Connecticut and Toronto's Pearson International Airport in Mississauga Ontario.
Best Airlines operated this DC-9-15 for ten months from British Midland Airlines before returning it, in 1982.
Here's the first Airbus A-380 arrival at Bradley International Airport, on short final for runway 06 in the early morning.
A U.S. Navy C-20 performs a flypast during the U.S. Navy's Centennial of Naval Aviation celebration at NAS North Island in California.
From one tanker to another, a Maine Air National Guard KC-135E refuels a USAF KC-10A Extender over the western part of the State of Maine.
A 65th Aggressor Squadron F-15C taxis out for a Red Flag mission at Nellis AFB, Nevada.
Tags: Aviationphotosrandom
The "Mad Dog", A Tribute to a Workhorse, Part 2
Stealthy Sighting at MCAS Miramar
Specially Marked Military Aircraft, Volume 3


Eight weeks after treatment/diagnostic procedures are finished, you will get a detailed final invoice listing all items. Any remaining balance will be paid back to you via bank transfer (we will provide you with a form to fill in your bank details for international transfers) or to your credit card (Please note! Balance can only be reimbursed to the same credit card the deposit was paid with!) If there is a remaining balance, we will ask you to pay it without delay by credit card, cash or bank transfer.
You also have the option of keeping remaining deposit in your account at our hospital as an advance payment for your next visit.
The final invoice includes the cost of all medical services, including infrastructure surcharges and administration fee of the hospital, as well as the cost of interpreter services, airport transfers, and all other charges for the services that you have ordered and which were paid out of your deposit during your stay in Freiburg.
In order for your final invoice to be assembled, your documents have to pass all the departments involved in your treatment. Since this often done by mail (due to various accountancy offices used by professors and those being located all over Germany), the transfer of documents can take up a couple of extra days, hence the time span of up to eight weeks until we can provide with your final invoice. We apologize for this inconvenience.


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beauty and the beast bill condon culture wars disney movies drive-in gaston gay character in disney movie henager drive-in theatre howard ashman joe bob briggs josh gad LeFou live action beauty and the beast remake movies pt No One's Neck's As Incredibly Red As Gaston's show tunes teh gheys the gays
Alabama Drive-In Rescues Children From Gay Threat Of 'Beauty And The Beast'
Dangerously tuneful
The drive-in-theatergoing families of DeKalb county in Alabama will remain safe from Disney's gay agenda thanks to the courageous actions of some Christian theater owners who have cancelled the run of the new live-action Beauty and the Beast because it has a gay character in it. And no, it's not the stodgy clock guy or the foppish candelabra dude, either, which is the real surprise. Variety has the scoop:
Director Bill Condon recently told Attitude magazine that Josh Gad's LeFou — villain Gaston's (Luke Evans) eccentric sidekick — will be Disney's first-ever LGBTQ character — a way of honoring the original 1991 animated film's late lyricist Howard Ashman.
"Josh Gad, incidentally, plays Gaston's worshipful stooge LeFou as maximally silly and fawning, but I must have missed the memo where that spells 'gay,'" Variety chief film critic Owen Gleiberman wrote in his review.
As far as we can tell, that makes LeFou one of those characters who's gay like Dumbledore -- if you didn't read online he's gay, then there's nothing overtly gay about him, apart from the whole "character in a musical" thing, although Condon also describes the character in terms that could just as well apply to Waylon Smithers from The Simpsons:
LeFou is somebody who on one day wants to be Gaston and on another day wants to kiss Gaston [...] He's confused about what he wants. It's somebody who's just realizing that he has these feelings. And Josh makes something really subtle and delicious out of it. And that's what has its payoff at the end, which I don't want to give away. But it is a nice, exclusively gay moment in a Disney movie.
Apparently that's all the gay the new management of the Henagar Drive-In Theatre, with its fey little frenchy spelling of "theater," could handle; they announced on their Facebook page that they weren't about to bow down to King Rat's gay agenda:
As of December 16th the Henagar Drive-In is under new ownership. Movies scheduled prior to that date and four weeks after this date were not scheduled by the new owners. That being said...It is with great sorrow that I have to tell our customers that we will not be showing Beauty and the Beast at the Henagar Drive-In when it comes out. When companies continually force their views on us we need to take a stand. We all make choices and I am making mine. For those that do not know Beauty and the Beast is "premiering" their first homosexual character. The producer also says at the end of the movie "there will be a surprise for same-sex couples".
Lord have mercy, Martha, they're gonna have butt sechs in a Disney movie! Or a kiss. Or maybe just a sly glance. But probably a whole lot of turgid love muscles, lord save us, not to mention mincing. Not to mention Show Tunes. The theater's owners have plenty more to say:
If we can not take our 11 year old grand daughter and 8 year old grandson to see a movie we have no business watching it. If I can't sit through a movie with God or Jesus sitting by me then we have no business showing it. I know there will be some that do not agree with this decision. That's fine. We are first and foremost Christians. We will not compromise on what the Bible teaches. We will continue to show family oriented films so you can feel free to come watch wholesome movies without worrying about sex, nudity, homosexuality and foul language. Thank you for your support!
We guess we'd never thought of movies that way -- whatever you're watching, it's as if Jesus is sitting right there next to you. And probably talking to you about sin all the way through it, when he's not asking really dumb questions about whether that one guy was in that other movie, the one with the whale and the ditzy fish, that He liked so much. We honestly had no idea Jesus spent so much of His valuable time worrying about what movies people are seeing at the drive-in, which strikes us as a monumental waste of His time when He could be, we dunno, spiriting all the children out of Aleppo? It's a Mystery, is what it is.
Anyway, people are now fighting the Culture Wars in the comments on Facebook, with roughly equal numbers of people who've never been near Alabama giving the theater five-star reviews for Standing Up for God, or one-star reviews for being run by bigots, so that's one way to spend a Friday online.
It's not clear what film will replace Beauty and the Beast, although as fans of Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-In, the very idea of a Drive-In that shows only family-friendly movies has already filled us with dread and cognitive dissonance. Here's hoping the Henagar Drive-In Theatre gets right with the spirit of drive-ins and schedules Chainsaw Cheerleaders III, the way God meant drive-ins to be.
Remember, Yr Wonkette is ad-free, so let's all go to the lobby and throw money at the bloggers. It's way cheaper than a night at the movies!
[Variety / Henagar Drive-In Theatre on Facebook]


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The intense clamor to cut costs won't stop with governments but could extend to charity, too. Some needs are too great to rely on resources delivered in an uneven way. A lack of food or shelter among large groups of people, inadequate education for entire communities of children, can pose a security risk.
Writing an opinion essay for Commonweal, Fran Quigley, a professor of law at Indiana University, proposes that the United States end the tax deduction for making charitable contributions, replacing the system with solid social welfare programs managed by government. Ending the deduction would provide an additional $50 billion annually to government coffers.
US citizens donate more than do citizens of other countries. "We Americans get to vote with our wallets on what kind of support we want to offer the poor, an arrangement hat suits our individualism as well as our suspicion of bureaucracy," Quigley writes, but adds, "The generosity of Americans, impressive though it is, does not meet the needs of America's poor." He goes on to describe research that suggests the recipients of charity often feel demeaned.
For some, certainly not all, the purpose of charity may be to alleviate guilt or instill a sense of superiority.
Rob Meiksins responds to Quigley's argument for NPQ, NonProfit Quarterly, pointing out that the deduction not simply addresses needs but also quality of life: "It is about ensuring that we have a deep and meaningful cultural base to our society that both entertains and challenges."
Such arguments inspired Allure of Deceit, a novel about charity gone wrong. Worries about inequality in charitable giving and misplaced priorities inspired an opinion essay, and work on the novel began soon afterward. Why does one school district get a windfall and not another? Why does society step aside from setting firm priorities? "Tax deductions for charitable giving effectively put the public good in the hands of wealthy donors and pet causes – at the expense of government revenue for the fair and reliable provision of services," I wrote for the Christian Science Monitor four years ago.
Allure of Deceit picks up after the murder of a wealthy inventor and his wife while on their honeymoon. Their will and trust documents shock family and friends alike, and lead to creation of the world's largest family foundation to support programs in the developing world. The reason for the shock? The young wife had dedicated her research questioning the inequality of charitable giving as well as the connected history and etymology of "forgiving," "charity," and "wrongdoing," as detailed in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
The corrupt can give, too, and shape minds. Corruption and waste in government hurts all government programs, and the same applies to charities, too.
Photo of unemployed men, 1931, lined outside a soup kitchen, started in Chicago by gangster Al Capone, courtesy of US Information Agency and Wikimedia Commons.
Contact Seventh Street Books for review copies of Allure of Deceit.


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History Nebraska Blog
Nebraska's Perfectly Peculiar People
Each state has its share of wonderfully wacky, unique, and downright fabulous people. Here are a few of ours.
Miles Maryott
Miles Maryott, born in Burt County in 1873, played professional baseball during his youth. He later became a taxidermist, artist, marksman, and outdoorsman. In 1927 he was sentenced to life in prison for murdering Oshkosh, Nebraska, marshal George Albee. Maryott continued painting behind bars, producing works such as "Flying Ducks," completed in 1932. He gave his creations to people he liked or wanted to thank, and also used them to barter for goods and services. After discovering he had a terminal illness, Maryott was freed shortly before his death in September 1939.
(Source: Nebraska State Historical Society Foundation. 10220-93)
Edward Harden
Edward Harden, a Georgian appointed to the Nebraska Territorial Supreme Court in 1854, looks both ridiculous and uncomfortable in this Indian costume. So much for judicial dignity! (NSHS RG2411-2134)
Cecil Wadlow
Cecil Wadlow of Lincoln and an unidentified man are pictured with Cecil's nephew, Robert Wadlow, the tallest man who ever lived. Robert, of Alton, Illinois, reached the height of 8' 11" due to a glandular disorder. Robert was only twelve when this photo was taken in Lincoln in 1930. (NSHSRG2183-1930-0908-2)
Mary Partington
Frances G. Reinehr's 1989 book tells the true story of long-time Lincoln resident Mary Partington, who became known as "Bloody Mary." Mary's old-fashioned dress and her house with no electricity caught the attention of area teenagers, who made a sport out of taunting and harassing her. Mary received her cruel nickname after shooting and killing a youth who attempted to break into her house. She was not charged with a crime on the grounds of self-defense. (Source: Loaned by Dale Bacon, Lincoln)
Emery Blagdon
Emery Blagdon, Nebraska native and former hobo, was considered just another eccentric bachelor when he died in 1986. Few of his neighbors knew that, for thirty years, Blagdon had been creating a masterpiece of folk art in his dilapidated Sand Hills farm shed. The collection consisted of nearly one hundred paintings and about four hundred and fifty wire sculptures, embellished with wood, ribbon, beads, tin, and plastic. His work filled every corner of the 800-square-foot shed and was illuminated by twinkling Christmas lights. Blagdon believed that his pieces created an electromagnetic field that could treat various diseases. When asked to explain, he would simply say, "I don't know why, it just works." (Source: Loaned by Dan Dryden, New York)
In August of 1867 Union Pacific railroad worker William Thompson was attacked by a band of Cheyenne Indians, scalped, and left for dead. Reviving from the attack and retrieving his scalp, which the Indians had dropped, Thompson made it to Omaha with the scalp in a bucket of water. Doctors were unable to reattach the scalp, and it was eventually donated to the Omaha Public Library, where it was displayed for many years.
Famed explorer Henry M. Stanley saw Thompson on the train to Omaha: "His scalp, about nine inches in length and four in width, somewhat resembled a drowned rat as it floated curled up on the water." Stanley, My Early Travels and Adventures in America and Asia (1895).
Source: NSHS RG2411.PH5587-b & c
David P. Abbott
David P. Abbott was born in 1863 near Falls City and lived most of his life in Omaha. Although Abbott was a businessman, he was best known as an amateur magician, investigator of paranormal claims, author, and inventor of the "talking teakettle," an illusionist's trick. Most of his performances were held in his home, and many influential magicians were known to visit him. Abbott's Behind the Scenes with the Mediums (1916) exposed the tricks used by mediums, many of whom were located in eastern Nebraska.
Abbott the Magician cutting off a woman's head (NSHS RG0813.PH683)
Behind the Scenes with the Medium cover (NSHS Library 133/Ab2b)
Dollitta Boyken
The World Herald, Omaha
Harry Arms
Gretna Breeze, May 27, 1938
Mrs. Joseph Foltz
Chadron Democrat, November 3, 1892
weird nebraska, Miles Maryott, Edward Harden, Cecil Wadlow, Emery Blagdon, William Thompson, Mary Partington, David P. Abbott, Dollitta Boyken, Harry Arms, Mrs. Joseph Foltz


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Las Vegas Observation Wheel Completes First Phase of Construction
The planned observation tower, SkyVue, has finished the first phase of construction on the Las Vegasstrip. Located just north of the iconic "Welcome to Las Vegas" sign, when completed the tower will be an icon of its own forever changing the face of Vegas. It will be the largest observation wheel in the Western Hemisphere, and the first attraction of its kind in the city.
Across from Mandalay Bay, the wheel will offer panoramic views of the whole strip. Each side of the structure will have 50,000-square-foot LED screens and will host countless concerts, events, and product launches for the whole boulevard to see.
The building will also offer a two-story shopping, dining, and convention space, expecting to draw between five and eight million consumers annually. Also this project will bring more jobs to the city overall, with an estimated 700 construction jobs for its creation and 500 full-time jobs when the project is complete.
For more information visit: http://skyvuelasvegas.com.
Las Vegas Fun, all in One Great Big Pass!


Dry Food for Dogs - Bone & Biscuit Co.
At the Bone & Biscuit co. we believe in the Natural Solution. Dry food can be an excellent source of a healthy diet for your dog. But, finding a formula that works best for you and your dog can be tough when there are so many options out there. That's why we commit to only providing the best brands in our stores. So finding healthy options is easy. We carry a variety of brands that offer grain-free, organic, limited ingredient, all natural, or locally sourced options for your dog. Feeding your dog healthy food doesn't have to be expensive either - we offer a range of different healthy dry dog foods to fit everyone's budgets.
Dry Dog Food product and brand selection may vary from store to store.


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Q: Java equivalent of tcp-inbound-channel-adapter and tcp-outbound-channel-adapter bean configuration Looking at the documentation: http://docs.spring.io/spring-integration/reference/html/ip.html#tcp-adapters I understand that the adapters are for one way only communication. However, only XML configuration examples of these classes are given.
I am trying to configure them as Java beans, but I cannot find any documentation regarding how to do this. Please give me an example how I would configure the following in Java config:
<int-ip:tcp-outbound-channel-adapter
            id="outboundClient" channel="rsp_transformed" connection-factory="client" />

<int-ip:tcp-inbound-channel-adapter
            id="inboundClient" channel="req" connection-factory="client" client-mode="true" />

A: See Annotations on Beans.
In 4.3 we have added class information the XML schema for the inbound and outbound endpoints.
In this case, the inbound adapter is simply a TcpReceivingChannelAdapter @Bean, the outbound adapter is a TcpSendingMessageHandler annotated with @ServieActivator - the framework uses the information in the annotation to create a ConsumerEndpointFactoryBean to support the handler.
You should also look at the Java DSL which makes java configuration simpler in many cases.


Chelsea Senior Housing Community is comprised of 150 units located just outside the 610 loop in Houston, Texas. Chelsea is a tax credit community built in partnership with the City of Houston, specifically with active seniors in mind. It has a large community center with an open courtyard, along with walking paths in a gated community. It is a 3-story wood framed project with elevators, laundry rooms and a primarily brick exterior.


I wanted to have a large, grey bum for Halloween so my husband and I created this elephant costume for the big night. It started with a fat suit from a Big Bertha costume, then a large, grey homemade dress with pink paw pads and a tail with the fuzzy black tip.
The head was constructed from a hard hat, blocks of Styrofoam, child's butterfly wings for ears, grey fuzzy material and LOTS if glue, two way tape, contact cement, straight pins—you name it and it is holding this head together. Styrofoam balls and broom bristles made the eyes and eyelashes. A small dryer tube and material made the trunk.


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Do all languages have syllables?
Which language has the most syllables?
What is the slowest language?
What is the fastest language to write?
What is the smartest language?
Which language is the hardest to learn?
Is Chinese slow to write?
Is Chinese harder than Japanese?
How old is Chinese writing?
Is Chinese written left to right?
Which language is written left to right?
Is English written left to right?
What is Chinese handwriting called?
How can I learn Chinese characters?
How many Chinese words are there?
Is Japanese read left to right?
Why does Japan have 3 alphabets?
Why are Japanese sentences backwards?
The sound strings of all spoken languages alternate between consonants and vowels (CVCV), so it is natural for the naive observer to assume that all languages also have syllables.
A whopping 7,931 available syllables. No wonder English is considered one of the most complicated languages in the world (seriously, Japanese is easy).
English is by far the most powerful language. It is the dominant language of three G7 nations (USA, UK and Canada), and British legacy has given it a global footprint. It is the world's lingua franca. Mandarin, which ranks second, is only half as potent.
The 6 Hardest Languages For English Speakers To LearnMandarin Chinese. Interestingly, the hardest language to learn is also the most widely spoken native language in the world. Arabic. Another of the hardest languages for English speakers to pick up is also in the top five most spoken world languages: Arabic. Polish. Russian. Turkish. Danish.
Written Chinese is dense, so though comprehension of characters is slower than letters, meaning is conveyed at the same rate as in English. That's because each syllable in a fast-sounding language like Spanish has less meaning than a slower one like English or Chinese.
Learning to read and write Japanese is probably harder than Chinese because most Japanese characters (kanji) have two or more pronunciations, whereas the vast majority of Chinese characters (hanzi) only have one. Chinese grammar is generally considered a lot easier to learn than Japanese.
approximately five thousand years
Ideographic languages (e.g. Japanese, Korean, Chinese) are more flexible in their writing direction. They are generally written left-to-right, or vertically top-to-bottom (with the vertical lines proceeding from right to left). Chinese newspapers sometimes combine all of these writing directions on the same page.
Languages written in Latin, Cyrillic, (Modern) Greek, Indic and Southeast Asian scripts are left-to-right . Example languages include the modern languages of the Americas, Europe, India, and Southeast Asia. Ideographic languages (e.g. Japanese, Korean, Chinese) are more flexible in their writing direction.
English writing was derived from Latin writing, which was derived from Greek writing. It is thought that after ink and paper became the main writing tools, writing from left to right became preferable since it avoided smudging the ink.
8:31Suggested clip · 103 secondsHow to Learn Chinese Characters – YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clip
The largest Chinese dictionary says these characters can be combined into 370,000 unique Chinese words.
When written vertically, Japanese text is written from top to bottom, with multiple columns of text progressing from right to left. When written horizontally, text is almost always written left to right, with multiple rows progressing downward, as in standard English text.
Like hiragana, Japan's third writing system, katakana, is a native alphabet based on sounds. Over time these characters were standardized into an alphabet. And while katakana started as a companion to Chinese kanji, eventually it came to be used for writing words of foreign origin from any language.
It might sound backward to English speakers, because grammatically much of Japanese is indeed backward. Common English sentences have subject-verb-object/complement structure, but in Japanese the verb typically comes at the end of sentence.
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A Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) was drawn up for The World Trade Center Campus Security Plan on April 8, 2013. Following that, a public hearing on the DEIS was held on April 23. Catherine McVay Hughes, chair of Community Board 1 testified at that hearing and drew attention to the need for additional information regarding provisions for future storms and potential flooding; she also requested an extension of air quality monitoring; asked where the Downtown PATH greenmarket would be relocated; and also requested further review of the impact of continued construction vehicle access to the World Trade Center Campus during the completion of the Master Plan. Her full statement can be read here.
The public were invited to submit written comments on the DEIS to the Lead Agency by 5:00pm on May 8 (30 days after the Notice of Completion was issued). That deadline has now been extended to 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 22, 2013. Comments should be sent to: Assistant Commissioner David Kelly, Conterterrorism Division, NYC Police Department, One Police Plaza, New York, NY 10038. For further information call 646-610-4557 or email wtceis@nypd.org.
100 Gold Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10038.


Last Sunday I was given the honor of working with the UNICEF-DePaul University Chapter to act as the Fashion Director for their 3rd annual For The Sake of Fashion benefit runway show! 100% of the proceeds from this event went towards the U.S. Fund for UNICEF, and of course, all of the clothing was sourced from socially-responsible boutiques and designers. We had the honor of showcasing 5 very talented and beautiful brands: Le Dessein, Mata Traders, CLEON's Clothing, One Find Duo, and Anastasia Chatzka, each of which not only so generously loaned me their clothing in order to make the show possible, but they also are leading the way for a brighter, more responsible fashion industry. Below are a few select snapshots Alex took pre-show followed by complete sets of looks by the designers on the runway. Because of the (basically) endless number of photos she took, the rest of the photos will be posted on le Facebook Page, so as to not overwhelm you with photos (and secretly encourage you to "like" ze page!). Also the post-show photos look like holiday cards (who knew a bunch of Muslims would make great Christmas cards! Feel free to send to your relatives) which is handy. So you probably want to check those out, here.
Le Dessein | Elegant, sophisticated, classy. Le Dessein works to fund the education of young girls from underprivileged backgrounds--each of the portraits that you see chastised on to the clothing are done by the girls, who are then supported through purchases from the clothing. An incredibly beautiful brand, inside and out!
Mata Traders | As an avid pattern-clasher myself, the bright and fun prints (block-printed by hand with eco-friendly dyes!) were rather eye-catching and flattering on all body types. Not to mention that Mata Traders has a strict, fair-trade-only policy, working with women from cooperatives in India and Nepal that also provide not only fair wages and training, but also family services and literacy classes!
CLEON'S Clothing | Started in 2005, CLEON's is a local Chicago brand constructed entirely by the hands of local designer Chad, and continues to be entirely a rather impressive one-man show that carries both cutting-edge (literally) mens and womenswear that make a powerful image.
One Find Duo | Young, playful, edgy. Based in Chicago and only a few years old, One Find Duo is a curatorial vintage re-sale store that partners with local non-profit organizations that empowers and encourages youth in the South Side of Chicago to become strong and charitable leaders. Not to mention that their vintage patterned windbreakers are basically the best thing ever.
Anastasia Chatzka | Feminine, bold, colorful. Another local designer in Chicago, Anastasia is brilliant when it comes to the mix of textures and fabrics and color. She also is incredibly conscious when it comes to the fashion industry's "fast fashion" trend of excess waste and production, striving to bring morals and authenticity to her line by working with highly skilled artisans and not turning towards exploitative labor to create her art.
Again, thank you so much to Joseph and the DePaul University UNICEF Chapter for allowing me to be a part of this amazing event! Show them support by checking out their Facebook Page here where you can also see more photos of the show from other photographers, and JooJoo Azad's Facebook Page here where you can see the rest of the photos taken by Alex! (Including a few awkward photos of myself pretending like I can do public speaking) (and those holiday cards I mentioned) (coming soon tonight)!
Thanks for sharing the photos from the event! I was really curious to see them! The brands and designers based in Chicago are really cool and now I know about their existence! Thanks once again! I'll check the other photos on FB as well.
woaaah, congrats earning the fashion director gig, that's amazing! and all these looks are so wonderful- and that first photo you took of the teal dress is just stunning. it looks so dramatic and ball-esque. this sounds like a super fun event!
(: Thank you! What is fashion without a cause?
Thanks, Marlen! It basically consumed much of my life a few weeks before the show, but it was a really great experience! And ahh that dress was my favorite, too! The designer is Anastasia Chatzka and she is fabulous! It also looks even more stunning in person!
Amazing looks and amazing photos. One day I would love to attend these type of event.
Oh. you are so lucky to be a part of something so beautiful and powerful. The pieces are so fresh and fun. Kudos to you!
Wowww... Amazing show!!! Thanks for your lovely comment!!! FOLLOW you right now!!! Hope you like/follow my blog too!!! I'll be waiting for you!!!
Cool to finally see some pictures! What was your part in the show?
I know! Normalizing ethical and social responsibility in the fashion industry is one of the main goals of this blog as well as the show! Understanding that fashion does not have to be a destructive industry is really important!
I was the "Fashion Director," meaning that I would pick and contact brands and put together looks from their collections, and dress the models. :) So of course, all of the ethical and local brands were on the top of my list to contact!
That's awesome! What a great opportunity!


1. How can I explicitly enable STL support for qt-core which I do need for a project I am working on? Wouldn't it be better to have a useflag?
2. Why the hell does Firefox display images on Facebook overly red? I don't have this problem on Windows with the current Firefox version and not with Chromium on Gentoo, so it seems to be a package related problem?
I don't use firefox-bin btw.


If you've ever needed a pick me up after a late night, or that extra shot of energy, you'll know all about Red Bull. It gives you wings, after all. Or at least that's what the marketing tag line says. But you've also probably seen Red Bull in a number of other places. Such as plastered all over everything at extreme sporting events.
Red Bull is indeed an energy drink, but it also happens to be one of the most diverse brands in the world. The brand could be called the masters of marketing as they have a finger in dozens of pies, well beyond what would be expected of a simple drink loaded with caffeine.
So, how did this energy drink go from being something we reach for on a slow morning, to something we gulp down when enjoying a marathon gaming session at a casino online? Red Bull did sponsor a Poker tournament, after all, so the connection here is once again clear – this drink improves your performance everywhere! Or so the brand would like you to believe, and sales figures show that many people agree.
Red Bull is a far older company than many assume. It was established in 1987, when Austrian entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz was inspired by an existing energy drink called Krating Daeng. The drink was sold in Thailand, but Dietrich felt that, with a little tweaking, it could be introduced to the Western world.
Red Bull spread to Hungary and Slovenia in 1992, but it was not until 10 years later that it found it's way to the United States, and landed with a bang. Using carefree, tongue in cheek advertisements known for humour as opposed to the straight-faced approach of other brands, Red Bull quickly found a strong foothold.
After initial success, the brand spread its influence to areas well beyond what is expected of an energy drink, sponsoring extreme sporting events, and soon after purchasing a number of sports teams.
Today, Red Bull sells over 6 billion cans a year, and can be seen at everything from hockey games to extreme sporting events such as the world's highest skydiving event.
Amazingly, the first real marketing ploy that garnered the brand attention was their use of 'Red Bull Girls'. This involved attractive girls handing out free cans of Red Bull to college students, and was just the start of things to come.
It was soon after that the brand began to appear at extreme sporting events, firmly targeting the urban youth that they had identified as their target market. Initially, sponsoring events was the modus operandi, but they went on to buying up sports teams in the years that followed.
The New York Red Bulls, FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Ghana, EHC München and many more are all sports teams owned by Red Bull. However, it is their Formula 1 team that is the most popular, and since 2005 they have raced in more than 250 Grand Prix, and are now considered to be in the same league as stalwarts like Ferrari and Mercedes.
There is no sign that Red Bull is losing steam, with all indications that the brand will continue to grow. Red Bull employs around 10,410 people, with a staggering £4 billion in revenue generated annually. Red Bull is available in 167 countries and Mateschitz, now 72 years old, is estimated to be worth about £10 billion. Not bad for an energy drink that started out with the Red Bull Girls a decade ago.
So where to from here? Given that rumours are rife that Red Bull aims to purchase a Premier League football team, it seems that the biggest advancements will be in the sporting world. But with 6 billion cans sold annually, it really seems like the brand more or less owns the energy drink industry at this point.


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Money Radio 1510AM 105.3FM
1580 The Fanatic 99.3 FM & 95.9
States Move To Keep Court From Lifting Trump Asylum Policy
By REBECCA SANTANA
Jacquelyn Martin, ASSOCIATED PRESS
FILE - Silvia Moreno del Castillo, center, of Lima, Peru, holds her daughter Brisa, 3, by the hand, followed by her husband Gerardo Puente, as the family who is seeking asylum from Peru is greeted by Derick Alegria, left, and Orlando Andara, both with the nonprofit SAMU First Response, as a bus of asylum seekers who were sent from Arizona to Washington arrives, Aug. 11, 2022, to a church on Capitol Hill in Washington. A coalition of conservative-leaning states are making a last-ditch effort to keep in place a Trump-era public health rule that allows many asylum seekers to be turned away at the southern U.S. border. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin, File)
WASHINGTON (AP) — A coalition of conservative-leaning states is making a last-ditch effort to keep in place a Trump-era public health rule that allows many asylum seekers to be turned away at the southern U.S. border.
Late Monday, the 15 states filed what's known as a motion to intervene — meaning they want to become part of the legal proceedings surrounding the public health rule referred to as Title 42.
The rule, first invoked by Trump in 2020, uses emergency public health authority to allow the United States to keep migrants from seeking asylum at the border, based on the need to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.
It's set to end Dec. 21, potentially upending border enforcement as Republicans are about to take control of the House from the Democrats following midterm elections and are planning to make immigration a central part of their agenda.
The states argued that they will suffer "irreparable harm from the impending Termination of Title 42" and that they should be allowed to argue their position well before the Dec. 21 termination date.
In a statement, a lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union which has been arguing to end the use of Title 42 called into question the states' motivation for trying to keep the public health rule in force.
"Title 42 is not about asylum general border enforcement but public health, and these states cannot plausibly claim their real interest is about public health," said Lee Gelernt.
Immigrant rights' groups have argued that the use of Title 42 unjustly harms people fleeing persecution and that the pandemic was a pretext used by the Trump administration to curb immigration. A judge on Nov. 15 ruled for the immigrants rights' groups, calling the ban "arbitrary and capricious."
U.S. District Judge Emmet Sullivan ruled in Washington that enforcement must end immediately for families and single adults. The administration has not used Title 42 with regard to children traveling alone. The judge later granted a request by President Joe Biden's administration to set a Dec. 21 deadline for his order to go into effect, giving the administration five weeks to prepare for the change.
The 15 states argued that states such as Arizona and Texas that border Mexico as well as other states away from the border will face more immigration if use of Title 42 ends. The legal filings lay out a timeline to argue the matter further.
If Sullivan's ruling stands, it could have a dramatic impact on border enforcement. Migrants have been expelled from the United States more than 2.4 million times since the rule took effect in March 2020.
Sullivan's ruling appears to conflict with another in May by a federal judge in Louisiana that kept the asylum restrictions in place. Before the Louisiana judge's decision, U.S. officials said they were planning for as many as 18,000 migrants a day under the most challenging scenario, a staggering number. In comparison, in May migrants were stopped an average of 7,800 times a day, and that was the highest of Biden's presidency.
The ban has been unevenly enforced by nationality, falling largely on migrants from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador — in addition to Mexicans — because Mexico allows them to be returned from the United States. Last month, Mexico began accepting Venezuelans who are expelled from the United States under Title 42, causing a sharp drop in Venezuelans seeking asylum at the U.S. border.
The Biden administration initially deferred to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on keeping Title 42 in place, despite sentiment from some in the president's own party as well as activist groups who were skeptical about the public health necessity of the rule. In April, the CDC said it would end the public health order and return to normal border processing of migrants, giving them a chance to request asylum in the U.S. The Louisiana court then stayed that ruling only to have the Washington court last week put an end to the use of Title 42.
The 15 states that filed the motion to intervene are Arizona, Alabama, Alaska, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wyoming.
Follow Santana on Twitter @ruskygal
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