I wonder quietly down the winding, twisting road. I walk aimlessly, without purpose and with no destination. I travel alone, and even my shadow has left me. There is no end in sight.
As I trudge along, I start to think. First, why am I here and what am I doing? I quickly realise there is no particular reason for my presence here and I lack anything else I may wish to do. Second, where am I and how did I reach this place? I do not know the answer. Finally, I ask myself the most important question: where did everything go wrong? This, I do not know the answer to either, but only because there are oh so many possible areas where a different choice might have brought about a different outcome. I am unsure whether these outcomes could have possibly improved upon the result I find myself with now, but the chance haunts me.
What would I change, if I had the option available, you ask? A better inquiry, perhaps, would be what I would not change, as this would take up far less of your precious, limited time. To start, maybe I should have slammed the door in his face, and prevented his entry into our lives? This, however, is unlikely. At that point, I had no idea what he would later do and it is not in my nature to turn away those who come seeking my help. Then, what of those who searched for him? Should I not have barred the door, and let them in to take him? He seemed harmless, while those seeking him had a certain, unsavoury, reputation. Should I have listened and paid attention to the whispers swirling in the murky depths of the city's rumour mill? Possibly – though we all know the value of unsubstantiated gossip. Should I have noticed that a few people I knew were no longer walking the streets? I thought I simply missed them in the crowd.
Then, perhaps I should have noticed that we seemed to be missing a single knife from the storeroom?
The point being, I could go and on and on. I could go far beyond the points I raised here. Yet, I did not see any of these chances to enact change and prevent a certain outcome. Therefore, this placed me on a certain path. A path that led me to where I am now. Not by intention and, certainly, not by my design.


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text:
Coronavirus I COVID19
Epstein Barr Virus Mononucleosis
Flu Influenza
Sepsis Septicemia
Whooping Cough Pertussis
Vaccines are the most effective way to protect yourself and your family from contagious diseases such as COVID-19 and influenza that can cause serious illness. If you fell behind on routine health care during the pandemic, talk to your family doctor today about catching up on recommended vaccines, annual exams and well child visits.
Schedule Your Recommended Vaccine Appointments
Or, visit a MaineHealth walk-in clinic.
Schedule in MyChart
Or, visit a community clinic.
New to MyChart?
It's easy to make an account.
More About Vaccination
Immunity is a person's resistance to (or protection from) a disease. A person may be born with temporary protection from certain diseases, or a person may be protected after having an infection or vaccination. Immunity occurs because the body's immune system recognizes a foreign substance (such as a virus or bacteria) and sends antibodies (proteins made by the immune system) to destroy it.
Immunity may be temporary or permanent, depending on the nature of the disease, how the person became immune, and other factors. For instance, some vaccines give a person lifelong immunity against a disease and only have to be given one time. Others have to be given on a regular schedule (every 10 years, for example) because they do not provide permanent immunity. Partial immunity implies some degree of protection from a disease.
How does vaccination work?
Vaccination helps you develop immunity. Vaccination (also called immunization) is the process of giving a person very small amounts of viruses or bacteria without causing them to get sick. Vaccines help the immune system know and remember different diseases so that it can stop them from causing illness or death in the future.
What vaccines are recommended for children?
Childhood immunizations start right after birth, and many are given throughout a baby's first 23 months. Booster shots (the later doses of any vaccines that need to be repeated over time) occur throughout life.
Fewer immunizations are needed after age 6. But older children and teens need shots too (such as those for bacterial meningitis and for tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough). Some shots are also given during adulthood (such as a tetanus shot).
It is important to keep a good record, including a list of any reactions to the vaccines. When you enroll your child in day care or school, you may need to show proof of immunizations. Your child may also need the record later in life for college, employment, or travel.
Learn more about the childhood immunization.
What vaccines are recommended for adults?
The vaccines you need as an adult depend not only on your age, lifestyle, overall health, pregnancy status, and travel plans but also on who you are in close contact with and what vaccines you had as a child. Talk to your primary care provider about which vaccines you need. Common adult vaccines include:
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis
Learn more about adult vaccination.
Are vaccines safe?
Yes, vaccines undergo rigorous safety testing before they are approved for use. They are also constantly monitored for serious side effects after being introduced. Some vaccines cause mild, temporary side effects such as a sore arm or feeling tired for 2-3 days. That is normal.
False claims in the news have made some parents concerned about a link between autism and the shot for measles, mumps, and rubella. But studies have found no link between vaccines and autism.
Vaccines do not overload or weaken the immune system. It is safe for children and adults to receive several vaccines at a time.
Why do I need a booster shot?
Many vaccines require booster shots because immunity naturally decreases over time. A booster dose adds to the protection provided by the original shot(s) and helps your body maintain strong protection against infectious diseases. It's very important to stay up to date on all vaccines and booster shots recommended for your age group.
Scheduling Help
Call 877-780-7545 for help with vaccine appointment scheduling.
Learn more about COVID-19.
Learn more about influenza.
Learn more about mpox.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Theun de Vries (ur. 26 kwietnia 1907 w Veenwouden, Fryzja, zm. 21 stycznia 2005 w Amsterdamie) – holenderski pisarz, poeta i polityk, z pochodzenia Fryz. Autor licznych powieści społecznych i historycznych.

Życie
Theun de Vries urodził w rodzinie Sjoerda de Vries i Elisabeth Dijkstra w Veenwouden we Fryzji. W 1920]roku przeniósł się z rodzicami do Apeldoorn, gdzie jego ojciec prowadził mleczarnię i był handlowcem. Tam poznał lokalną kulturę oraz twórczość pisarzy fryzyjskich. Pierwszy tekst dziennikarski opublikował w czasopiśmie "Młoda Holandia" (1920-1921).

De Vries krótki czas pracował jako asystent w bibliotece publicznej w Hilversum, gdzie mieszkał od 1928. W 1932 ożenił się z Aafje Vernes, z którą miał jedno dziecko. W latach 30. de Vries pracował w bibliotece publicznej w Sneek. W 1936 r. wstąpił do Holenderskiej Partii Komunistycznej (HPK), a rok później przeniósł się do Amsterdamu i wrócił do dziennikarstwa. Pracował w redakcji pism "De Tribune" (później przemianowanego na "De Waarheid") i "De Vrije Katheder"'. Rozwiódł się 17 marca 1938.

Podczas II wojny światowej de Vries początkowo ukrywał się w pobliżu Nunspeet. Poznał tam Gerarda van het Reve starszego, który był ojcem Karola van het Reve (eseisty i tłumacza) i Gerarda Reve (pisarza). Ze względu na działalność w ruchu oporu de Vries był aresztowany przez Niemców i umieszczony w obozie Amersfoort, gdzie spędził 10 miesięcy. W 1945 de Vries ponownie ożenił się z Aafje Vernes. Vernes zmarła 8 stycznia 1975 w Amsterdamie.

De Vries jako członek HPK uczestniczył w obradach amsterdamskiej Rady Miasta. W 1946 r. był wystawionym przez HPK kandydatem do izby niższej parlamentu holenderskiego, lecz mandatu nie uzyskał. Pozostał członkiem partii komunistycznej w czasach zimnej wojny, co było przez kolegów pisarzy bardzo źle przyjmowane. Bronił zamachu stanu, w wyniku którego komuniści objęli w 1948 r. władzę w Czechosłowacji, w pozytywnym tonie pisał o rosyjskiej interwencję na Węgrzech (1956), a w 1953 roku napisał pean na cześć Stalina. Był członkiem PEN-Clubu.

Mimo komunistycznych poglądów w roku 1963 przetłumaczył z języka rosyjskiego opowiadanie Aleksandra Sołżenicyna Jeden dzień Iwana Denisowicza, napisane w oparciu o przeżycia w syberyjskim gułagu.

De Vries zmarł w Amsterdamie na skutek zapalenie płuc mając 97 lat.

Twórczość
De Vries zadebiutował w 1925 roku. Napisał ponad 100 książek, w tym monografie, scenariusze filmowe i słuchowiska. Pisał głównie w języku niderlandzkim, ale także w fryzyjskim (Earst en lêst, 1977; Paden fan it ferline, 1997; Stins en krite, 1997). Niektóre z jego książek zostały przetłumaczone na język polski. Pisał pod wieloma pseudonimami, m.in. Sybrand Vos, A. Cz. M. Swaertdrager i Ibn-Askari.

De Vries ma w swoim dorobku wiele powieści społecznych i historycznych. Początkowo w jego tekstach dominowała romantyczna kreacja bohaterów, w późniejszych powieściach coraz większą rolę odgrywają nawiązania i motywy polityczne.

Znaczną część twórczości de Vriesa zajmują opowieści biograficzne: Ziet een mens (na temat Vincenta van Gogha, Moergrobben (o Hieronimie Boschu) czy Rembrandt.

Dzieła
 1925 – Friesche sagen
 1927 – De terugkeer (tom wierszy)
 1928 – De vervreemding
 1930 – Westersche nachten (tom wierszy)
 1931 – Rembrandt (powieść)
 1932 – Sneeuw op de Fudsji. Japansche Motieven
 1932 – Sheherezade – Werken van een witte magiër – Kleine liederen voor clavecymbel – Erotica (wiersze)
 1933 – Doctor José droomt vergeefs (powieść)
 1934 – Aardgeest (tom wierszy)
 1934 – Koningssage
 1934 – Eroica (powieść)
 1936 – Stiefmoeder aarde (powieść)
 1937 – Fryske stilistyk. In poedwizer yn it foarmforskaet fen de Fryske skriftekennisse
 1937 – Oldenbarnevelt
 1937 – Hildebrand's Camera Obscura
 1938 – Het rad der fortuin (powieść)
 1938 – De bijen zingen
 1938 – In 't huis van Rembrandt
 1940 – De freule
 1940 – Wilde lantaarns (powieść)
 1941 – Wiarda. Kroniek van een geslacht
 1941 – De tegels van de haard
 1941 – Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck
 1941 – Vox humana (eseje)
 1943 – Bruidegom in September
 1944 – W.A.-man (powieść)
 1945 – Eros in hinderlaag
 1945 – De vrijheid gaat in 't rood geklee] (powieść)
 1946 – Wij waren getuigen
 1946 – Sla de wolven, herder! Roman uit de Babylonische voortijd (powieść)
 1946 – Kenau (powieść)
 1946 – De laars. Verhalen uit een bezet gebied
 1946 – Martinus Nijhoff, wandelaar in de werkelijkheid (esej)
 1947 – De dood: een gedicht
 1948 – Een spook waart door Europa
 1948 – De Friese postkoets'''
 1949 – Nieuwe rivieren (powieść)
 1949 – Het hert 1949 – Leerschool voor Barbaren. Karel de Grote 1950 – Hoogverraad 1952 – Anna Casparii of Het heimwee (powieść)
 1953 – De diwan van Ibn-Askari. Naar het Arabisch 1953 – Levend Hongarije (zapiski z podróży)
 1954 – Hagel in het graan (powieść)
 1954 – Pan onder de mensen (powieść)
 1955 – Het eiland van de zwarte godin 1956 – Het meisje met het rode haar. Roman uit het verzet 1942-1945 (powieść)
 1956 – Bruiloftslied voor Swaantje 1956 – De Chinese kalender. Gedichten en spreuken uit dertig eeuwen. 1956 – Goud en schaduw- drie opstellen over Rembrandt en zijn tijd 1957 – De U.S.S.R. na 40 jaar (album fotograficzny z komentarzem)
 1958 – Noorderzon (tom nowel)
 1969 – De meesters van de draak. Verkenningen in het nieuwe China alsmede enkele proeven van Chinese literatuur, boerenpoëzie, anekdotes en volkshumor. 1960 – Het motet voor de kardinaal (powieść)
 1962 – De vreemde wet 1962 – De vogelvrijen 1962 – De opstand 1962 – Meesters en vrienden. Literaire leerjaren. (autobiografia)
 1963 – Ziet, een mens! (powieść; w 1972 przedrukowana pt. Vincent in Den Haag)
 1963 – Spinoza als staatkundig denker 1963 – Als mens en als schrijver 1964 – Moergrobben. Een drieluik. 1965 – Het Wolfsgetij of Een leven van liefde 1965 – De geschiedenis van een moord. Gedachten bij het lezen van Prof. Dr. J. Pressers 'Ondergang' 1966 – Het zwaard des levens 1966 – Het zwaard, de zee en het valse hart (nowele)
 1966 – Doodskoppen en kaalkoppen. Vijf verhalen uit een doorgangskamp 1967 – Februari. Roman uit het bezettingsjaar 1941 1967 – Theun de Vries 60. 1967 – De namen in de boom 1967 – Het uurwerk van de eenzaamheid. Twee vertellingen 1968 – Het Friese kabinet. Vier vertellingen. 1968 – Hernomen confrontatie met S. Vestdijk 1969 – De gesprenkelde vogel 1969 – Wind en avondrood 1972 – Het geslacht Wiarda 1972 – Vincent in Den Haag. Roman uit de jaren 1881-1883 (powieść)
 1972 – De man met de twee levens. Novelle uit het revolutiejaar 1572 (nowele)
 1972 – Meester en minnaar. Vijf verbeeldingen rondom Rembrandt van Rijn (opowiadania)
 1972 – Spinoza: beeldenstormer en wereldbouwer 1973 – Het raadselrijk. De roman van een schilder (powieść), drugie wydanie powieści Moergrobben 1975 – Het zondagsgebed (powieść)
 1976 – De vrouweneter (powieść)
 1977 – Earst en Lêst 1978 – De vogels om het erf 1979 – Atlantische Avond (gedichten)
 1979 – De dood kwam met muziek (powieść) ()
 1979 – Eidola: zeven verhalen. ()
 1979 – De merrie (Oplage van 135 genummerde en door de auteur gesigneerde exemplaren) ()
 1980 – De blinde Venus: twee romances. (bevat 'De soldaat die terugkwam' en 'De merrie') ()
 1980 – Materie en matrijs 1981 – De boom-mens 1981 – Snie en oare (wiersze)
 1981 – Brieven uit de oorlogsjaren aan S. Vestdijk 1982 – De vertellingen van Wilt Tjaarda 1982 – Wieken tegen de tralies. Verzamelde verhalen over onderdrukking en verzet 1982 – Ketters. Veertien eeuwen ketterij, volksbeweging en kettergericht 1983 – Marx. De politieke emigratie 1983 – Marx. De heersende machten 1983 – De Tribune 1984 – 77 korte gedichten 1984 – Louise Michel, engel in het harnas. Twee spelen over de Commune van Parijs 1984 – Amazones en bojaren. Uit de memoires van prinses Dasjkova (biografia)
 1985 – Vliegende vissen 1985 – Bach. Een voorspel 1985 – De gezegde. Het leven van Spinoza in honderdzeven scènes. (scenariusz filmowy)
 1987 – Baron. De wonderbaarlijke Michel Baron, zijn leermeester Molière en de praalzieke zonnekoning (powieść)
 1987 – De soldaat die terugkwam 1987 – De ontsnapping 1987 – S. Vestdijk: grootheid en grenzen van een fenomeen 1987 – Een god in haar schoot. Scène uit een Romeins mysteriespel 1987 – Een levenshouding bekroond 1989 – Het hoofd van Haydn 1990 – De Première 1992 – Sint-Petersburg 1994 – Terug uit Irkoetsk 1997 – Stins en krite 1997 – Fûgel 1998 – De bergreis 1999 – De wilde vrouwen van Pella ()
 2000 – Het geheim van Jeroen Bosch: een essay ()
 2000 – Gastvrijheid 2001 – Iisgong: gedichten 2002 – Ald en nij: Oud en nieuw 2003 – Witte nachten 2004 – Alles begjint by de dingen / Alles begint bij de dingen 2007 – Schetsen voor wandtapijt''

Przypisy

Holenderscy pisarze
Holenderscy politycy
Pisarze niderlandzkojęzyczni
Pisarze XX wieku
Urodzeni w 1907
Zmarli w 2005

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Possible to automatically group and use sub totals in a measure?
I'd like to create a 4th a new measure called that works out the ratio of the product weight on the route. If I were doing it in Excel I'd use a sumif function to work out the weight of all products on the route (call this RtWt) and then use this to work out the ratio.
Any idea on how I can solve for the Ratio in Lumira? Please note there are thousands of routes so a manual grouping by Rt would be out of the question, so would using an If statement.
Hi Ria - it depends on your data source; at first look Crystal Reports could likely handle these types of calculations.


My bachelor graduation project at the Willem de Kooning Academy, about the relationship between father and son.
Internship project made during my time at in60seconds (February - July 2016).
Originally shown on a set of foam board boxes using projection mapping.
For a recent project, Wouter Nieuwenhuis and I set out to create and interactive game for a festival. We built a 3 meter wide scale model that represents an arena were festival goers play a permutation of the floor is lava.
We created the scale model to give a look at a possible design, and then projection mapped an animation on top of it.
After this, we wanted the festival goers to experience a different world when walking about the arena. We worked with Unreal Engine 4 to create a virtual space that participants could experience through an Oculus Rift.
This was my entry for the 2016 edition of the North Sea Jazz poster competition.
Cover and spreads commissioned by newspaper Trouw for their seasonal magazine called Zomertijd.
- A laser etched diorama.
- A parallax scroll (try it here).
- An Unreal 4, virtual render.
Made from August 2014 to June 2015.
For the 2015 edition of the Dutch festival Lowlands, 3rd year Illustration students form the Willem de Kooning Academy were asked to rebrand the current visual style.
Loosely based on Dante's Divine Comedy's layers of sin, I made a layered 'cake' that resembles the different aspects of Lowlands' style. Sloth and gluttony became the layers of tents and food stands. At the top are the performing artists resembling pride with the audience admiring them.
A cover for Profielen magazine, commissioned by the Hogeschool Rotterdam.
For a school project, I wrote a story that we had to execute in a couple of different mediums. I chose for two types of animation; frame-by-frame and an after effects animation.
A poster for a horror game concept called Eldridge Hollow.
A poster for a video game concept called Paradigm. The Hawaii Edition was to be a spin-off bonus stage.


Gaming in Holland Newsletter – Dutch Senate Declines to Declare Pending Gaming Bills "Controversial" …and More!
The people at the Netherlands Gaming Authority have had a busy week. Not only did the regulator publish its annual report on the past year, but it also released the study Gambling and Digital Games in the Netherlands, conducted by the US-based research firm SuperData, showing that many players of social games cross over into gambling.
The relationship between social gaming and gambling will also be a major topic of conversation at the upcoming Gaming in Holland Conference & Expo.
Additionally, the regulator released an information sheet on the duty of care that slot machine operators have to their players, as "few" land-based operators in the Netherlands – with the notable exception of Holland Casino – were found to possess an adequate policy in this regard.
Last but not least, the Netherlands Gaming Authority's CEO, Marja Appelman, delivered a speech (full text here) to the British House of Commons on the future of gaming regulation.
Significantly, in all aforementioned communications, the Netherlands Gaming Authority called on the Dutch Senate to approve the pending remote gaming bill as soon as possible, in order to improve consumer protection and facilitate enforcement.
Additionally, Marja Appelman, CEO at the Netherlands Gaming Authority, went on national radio to call for swift enactment of the remote gaming bill by the Dutch Senate, as fellow interviewee PvdA Senator André Postema maintained that the regulator should simply put more energy in enforcing existing regulation.
Labor Trouble Brewing at Holland Casino?
Labor union FNV has lost its court case seeking to prevent Holland Casino from transforming itself from a non-profit foundation into a limited liability company – a first step in preparation of eventual privatization.
In response, several Dutch labor unions are considering industrial action, including strikes, against the casino operator in order to preserve existing labor conditions.
To add insult to injury, the board of Holland Casino has taken steps to transfer the land-based casino operator's private pension fund to a general pension fund without awaiting labor union approval.
Customer data of Dutch Novamedia-owned lottery operators Postcode Loterij, Vriendenloterij, and BankGiro Loterij has been compromised, due to a third-party online security vulnerability.
The Netherlands Gaming Authority also issued cease and desist orders against the same operators for failing to fulfill their legal obligation to mention both place and date of their draws in their promotional materials.
Following the acquisition by Novomatic Netherlands of the seven SuperGame arcades owned by Ron and Marcel Traarbach in the Dutch Limburg region, the Austrian gaming company also managed to purchase the German slots hall operator Casino Royal.
The acquisition makes Novomatic Germany's leading operator of gambling halls.
According to a government-appointed review, Sweden's state gambling monopoly should be largely scrapped and replaced with a system under which online gambling companies are licensed and taxed.
"We know that any attempt to regulate prices, limit the choice of games, or charge high taxes will have a negative effect on channelisation.
The Dutch Senate has declined to declare the two gaming bills – the remote gaming bill and the casino reform bill – "controversial," meaning that debate on these bills will move forward as scheduled, without awaiting the formation of a new government.
As a result, a major threat to gambling reform in the Netherlands has – for now – been averted. If everything goes smoothly the Senate could still vote on the aforementioned bills before the summer, in which case the first online gaming licenses will likely be issued in the course of 2018.
This year's World Poker Tour will kick off on May 5 at Holland Casino Amsterdam.
Last week, the members of VAN Kansspelen, the Dutch trade association of land-based slot machine operators, reappointed current board members Frits Huffnagel, Ed Schunselaar, and Ryamond Oosterbeek to second three-year terms. The other two board members, whose terms did not yet end, are Rob Kiffen and Aad Kobus.
Don't forget you can join 500 professionals from the land-based gaming sector in Berlin at the 2017 EUROMAT Gaming Summit.
British bookmaker Ladbrokes Coral has posted its first full-year figures for 2016 as a merged company. Revenue of the combined company rose 11% to £2.3bn.
An unknown Asian investor has quietly snapped up over 11% of Canadian online gambling operator Amaya Gaming, the parent company of PokerStars.
Although the use of artificial intelligence could potentially be very helpful in detecting problem gambling, gamblers could still work around this unless there is a level of multi-operator cooperation within the industry.
Evolution Gaming has launched "the world's fastest live roulette." Game rounds take around 25 seconds from spin to spin.
Evolution Gaming is also planning to build a new live casino studio in Vancouver in partnership with the British Columbia Lottery Corporation.
LeoVegas has confirmed the launch of its new sports betting service in Ireland.
Despite the country's punitive tax regime, which caused several operators to withdraw already, Bwin is reportedly pursuing a Polish betting license.
Skills-based games are heading to the Las Vegas Strip.


text:
U.S. Is Richest Nation, But Not Happiest
By Jeanna Bryner 01 July 2010
The United States may be the richest nation on Earth, a new study indicates, but it's not the happiest.
The new analysis of Gallup World Poll data suggests, however, that trying to compare the happiness of one nation to another is not straightforward.
Rather, there are two major categories of happiness: overall life satisfaction; and more moment-to-moment enjoyment of life. And while overall satisfaction of life is strongly tied to income, meaning richer nations and individuals have more of this overall bliss, how much one enjoys life (by measures such as laughing and smiling) depends more on social and psychological needs being met. These include having social support and using one's abilities, as opposed to sitting at a mind-numbing job.
The United States, which had the highest gross domestic product per capita, came in at No. 16 for overall well-being and No. 26 for enjoyment, referred to as positive feelings. The No. 1 spot for overall well-being went to Denmark, and New Zealand landed the No. 1 slot for positive feelings. [Happiest States Revealed]
"Everybody has been looking at just life satisfaction and income," said study researcher Ed Diener of the University of Illinois and the Gallup Organization. "And while it is true that getting richer will make you more satisfied with your life, it may not have the big impact we thought on enjoying life."
The positive feelings aspect of happiness could have evolutionary roots. "Whereas life satisfaction reflects whether people are obtaining their values and goals in a long-term and big picture sense, positive feelings seem to arise from momentary things that are prewired, since feeling good about the support of others and about using skills are both necessary for humans to thrive and survive," Diener told LiveScience.
The findings are detailed this month in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Tallying happiness
The data was collected from a representative sample of more than 136,000 people across 132 nations from 2005 to 2006. The poll used telephone surveys in more affluent areas, and door-to-door interviews in rural or less-developed regions.
For global life satisfaction, respondents indicated how they would rate their lives on a scale from zero (worst possible life) to 10 (best possible life). Participants also answered questions about positive or negative emotions experienced the previous day.
On average respondents were relatively happy, judging their current life as slightly above neutral and experiencing frequent positive feelings and infrequent negative ones. While the majority of participants indicated their psychological needs are met, about 25 percent don't have basic needs met.
Overall satisfaction with life went up with both personal and national income, suggesting societal circumstances play an important role in happiness. But positive feelings, which were slightly higher in relation to higher income, were much more strongly tied to feeling respected, having autonomy and social support and working at a fulfilling job.
"Some of the nation rankings are indeed surprising, at least if we assumed that money was the only type of wealth," Diener said. "How do some mid-level nations in terms of income, such as Costa Rica, do so well? And conversely, why do some relatively rich nations such as South Korea do less well than expected? In part, because of the quality of social relationships."
Of course there were places that got either mostly stellar or mostly dismal happiness marks. No. 1 in overall satisfaction, Denmark also came in at No. 7 for positive feelings. Impoverished nations in Africa generally scored low on both happiness measures.
While Northern European and Anglo societies are currently most successful in the economic area, Latin American societies proved to be relatively high in social-psychological well-being. Sierra Leone scored consistently low, but other nations showed divergent rankings across the measures. For instance, Russia and South Korea had substantially lower scores for meeting social-psychological needs and in positive feelings than for income.
Why money brings overall happiness
Some economists think money increases happiness at the low end of the pay scale as it helps people meet their basic needs, but doesn't do much once a person is lifted out of poverty. This new study suggests the link between money and happiness goes beyond basic needs. While the steepest rise in overall well-being with money occurred in the poorer individuals and nations, there was still a bump in overall happiness at the higher socioeconomic status regions.
"Money is an object that many or most people desire, and pursue during the majority of their waking hours," Diener and his colleagues write.
Since most people want money, they use their financial success as a measure of overall success and a reference for how "good" their lives are.
The study also showed the income-happiness link was tied to a person's ownership of luxury conveniences and their satisfaction with standard of living.
"We don't know why there's a strong link between income and life satisfaction, but most economists would say it's because dollars buy stuff and humans like stuff," said Andrew Oswald, a professor of behavioral science at the Warwick Business School in England, who was not involved in the current study.
He doesn't think "stuff" fully answers the happiness question. In addition, and possibly a more critical link between money and life satisfaction, is security. "I think it has more to do with money providing a kind of buffer against the bad shocks and insecurities of life. If you have a low income and little money in the bank, you feel much more vulnerable to the threat of layoff or the threat of sickness in your family," Oswald said in a telephone interview.
As for what happiness really means, Oswald said, "We're only beginning to scratch the surface on what happiness means and ways to measure it. It's a multifaceted concept and researchers will be working for the next 200 years trying to get to the bottom of this."
7 Thoughts That Are Bad For You
5 Things That Will Make You Happier
10 Ways to Keep Your Mind Sharp


text:
KEWAUNEE COUNTY
Kewaunee County receives FEMA grant for natural disaster plan update
LUXEMBURG - Kewaunee County Emergency Management was awarded a grant of $27,923.34 by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to update its plan for dealing with natural disasters.
Emergency Management Director Tracy Nollenberg, who applied for the grant, said 75 percent of the grant, or $20,942.50, is FEMA's obligation to the grant. The remaining 25 percent accounts for time spent by county employees, local town board members and others working on the update.
The grant is aimed at helping the county better prepare to manage its vulnerability to disaster by updating a plan that will serve as a road map for potential cost-effective hazard mitigation activities, some of which might be available for future grant funding.
The plan will look at risks and vulnerabilities the county faces from natural disasters and highlight mitigation strategies that might reduce future losses.
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According to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, 2017 was the costliest year ever for weather and climate disasters in the United States, totaling $215 billion in disasters, or $5.9 million a week. Wisconsin has also incurred billions of dollars of disaster-related damages in the last couple of decades.
These losses can be reduced through mitigation activities. A 2017 study estimated that mitigation saves an average of $6 for every $1 spent through federal agency grant programs by breaking the cycle of damage and repair.
Mitigation is intended to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to life and property from hazards. These preventative actions can range from elevating a furnace in a basement that sometimes has water on the floor to relocating buildings out of floodplains or strengthening critical facilities to prevent wind damage.
Nollenberg is assembling a work group to review and guide the planning activities, and members of the community are welcome to provide input.
"I am very excited about this part of the planning process," Nollenberg said in a press release. "The input from the work group can have long-lasting impacts, making Kewaunee County safer and more disaster-resistant."
For more information about the plan, or to offer input, call Nollenberg at 920-845-9701.


text:
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jocelin, Elizabeth
< Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900
Jocelin of Wells
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 29
Jocelin, Elizabeth by Edwin Cannan
Jocelyn, Percy
sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
477746Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 29 — Jocelin, Elizabeth1892Edwin Cannan
JOCELIN, ELIZABETH (1596–1623), author of 'The Mother's Legacie to her Unborne Childe,' born in 1596, was the daughter of Sir Richard Brooke of Norton, Cheshire, and his wife Joan, daughter of William Chaderton [q. v.], bishop of Lincoln. Elizabeth's mother and father separated, and the former returned home. Elizabeth's childhood was thus passed in the house of Bishop Chaderton, who carefully educated her 'in languages, history, and some arts,' but 'principally in studies of piety.' She had an extraordinary memory, which enabled her 'upon the first rehearsal to repeat above forty lines in English or Latin, and could write out an entire sermon almost word for word' (Goad, Approbation of the 'Legacie'). In 1616 she married Tourell Jocelin of Cambridgeshire. Foreboding death in child birth, she wrote 'The Mother's Legacie to her Unborne Childe.' a letter which gently but earnestly exhorted her son or daughter to piety and good conduct. Prefixed to it is a letter to her husband, giving him sensible advice as to the bringing up of the child. She bore a daughter on 12 Oct. 1622, and died nine days afterwards. The child, named Theodora, became the wife of Samuel Fortrey [q. v.]
The 'Legacie' was first published in 1624 (cf. Arber, Stationers' Register, 13 Jan., iv. 72), with a long 'Approbation' by Dr. Thomas Goad [q. v.] giving some account of Elizabeth Jocelin's life. The second edition is dated 1624 and the third 1625. An exact reprint of the third edition, with an introduction by an anonymous Edinburgh editor, appeared in 1852. The edition printed at Oxford, 'for the satisfaction of the person of quality herein concerned,' in 1684, and reprinted at the end of C. H. Cranford's 'Sermons' in 1840, is a garbled one, the editor having substituted 'prayers allowed of by the church' for 'Dr. Smith's evening and morning prayer,' and tampered with the admonitions as to Sunday observance. The manuscript of the 'Legacie' is now in the British Museum Addit. MS. 27467.
[Goad's Approbation and the Letter to Tourell Jocelin prefixed to the Legsacy; Sir P. Leycester's Historical Antiquities, p. 327; Harrington's Brief View of the State of the Church. pp. 84, 85; Fuller's Worthies of England, Nichols, i. 185; Genealogist, iii. 293]
E. C-n.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Jocelin,_Elizabeth&oldid=10769052"


text:
Adam Harendorf
Adam Harendorf is a Toronto based sound designer and composer whose work has been presented across Canada, off-Broadway, and internationally. He has designed plays, musicals, and animated shorts for such notable companies as the Stratford Festival, Soulpepper Theatre, Neptune Theatre, YPT, and TED.
Recent work includes Birds of a Kind – Stratford Festival; The Black Drum – Deaf Culture Centre / Soulpepper; Pinocchio – YPT; and Chicago – Globe Theatre
Adam is a Merritt Award nominee for Outstanding Sound Design and has designed for multiple Dora Award nominees for Outstanding Production – Musical Theatre Division .


text:
Азур Ейр Україна — українська авіакомпанія, була дочірньою російської UTair. Виконує регулярні та чартерні перевезення.

Історія
У 2011 пройшла сертифікацію Державної авіаційної служби України за новими вимогами за Європейськими правилами JAR-OPS1. В цьому ж році авіакомпанія «Ютейр-Україна» вступила до BSP України — системи взаєморозрахунків з продажів авіаперевезень Міжнародної організації цивільної авіації IATA, що дозволило вести продаж авіаквитків на власні рейси через національну агентську мережу.

У 2014 авіакомпанія повністю згорнула регулярні пасажирські перевезення.

Тоді ж вона вивела із флоту регіональні літаки ATR-72, отримані із заводу у 2012, і з того моменту виконувала тільки чартерні польоти для туроператора «ANEX Tour». У жовтні 2015 Forbes із посиланням на співвласника «ANEX Tour» опублікував інформацію, згідно якої туроператор викупить сертифікат експлуатанта «Ютейр Україна», оскільки «більше нічого цінного від бізнесу авіаперевізника не лишилося», оскільки його флот складається із трьох літаків «ANEX Tour».

До жовтня 2015 компанія мала назву «ЮТейр-Україна».

З серпня 2016 доступний торговий сервіс на чартерних міжнародних рейсах авіакомпанії «Азур Ейр Україна» за напрямками: з Борисполя в Грецію, Іспанію, Болгарію, Туреччину, Єгипет. Пасажирам доступний сервіс листа бажань вподобаних товарів, які спеціально відібрані для бортової торгівлі «duty free». Ознайомитися з асортиментом товарів можна в електронному каталозі «SKYSHOP» на офіційному сайті компанії «PAVO Group».

Державна авіаслужба України 19 жовтня 2016 повідомила українські авіакомпанії щодо застережень, пов'язаних з перевезенням смартфонів Samsung Galaxy Note 7 на борту літаків, з метою зменшення рівня ризиків Державіаслужба України та Авіакомпанія «Азур Ейр Україна» рекомендує пасажирам: не перевозити ці пристрої в зареєстрованому багажі; тримати їх вимкненими протягом усього польоту і не заряджати на борту літаків; негайно повідомляти екіпаж салону, якщо пристрій пошкоджено, починає диміти, нагрівається або загублений на борту. Крім того, пошкоджені, відкликані або потенційно небезпечні літієві елементи живлення не дозволяється перевозити як вантаж на борту літаків.

З початку повномасштабного вторгнення в Україну 8 бортів авіакомпанії знаходились на території України, решту станом на січень 2023 року було повернено лізингодавцю, літаки почали використовуватись іншими авіакомпаніями.

Флот
Флот Азур Ейр Україна на 13 січня 2023:

Напрямки
Напрямки на липень 2021 року:

 Міжнародний аеропорт Ла-Романа

 Варадеро (аеропорт)  Сезонний

 Енфіда-Хаммамет (аеропорт) Сезонний

 Дубай Сезонний

 Хургада (аеропорт)
 Шарм-ель-Шейх (аеропорт)

 Барселона (аеропорт)

 Анталія (аеропорт) Сезонний
 Даламан (аеропорт) Сезонний
 Бодрум (аеропорт) Сезонний

 Пхукет (аеропорт) Сезонний

 Київ-Бориспіль базовий
 Харків (аеропорт)
 Львів (аеропорт)
 Одеса (аеропорт)
 Запоріжжя (аеропорт)

Див. також
 Azur Air (Німеччина)
 Azur Air

Джерела
 Сайт авіакомпанії

Примітки

Авіакомпанії України
Підприємства, засновані 2008
Підприємства Києва
Засновані в Україні 2008


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Some relief is coming for drivers tired of dealing with the Highway 101 construction from Rohnert Park to northern Petaluma.
Caltrans spokesman Robert Haus said, weather permitting, the agency plans to open up in mid- to late November the extra north and southbound lanes on 101 from Rohnert Park Expressway south to Petaluma Boulevard North, making 101 three lanes in each direction.
But the highway will remain only two lanes in each direction from Rohnert Park Expressway north to Santa Rosa Avenue, and that stretch is not expected to be widened until late 2012 because crews need to finish building the new Commerce Boulevard-Wilfred Avenue overpass. So there will be traffic bottleneck at times north and southbound there.
Haus said the remodeled highway from RPX to Petaluma Boulevard North likely won't be completely finished when the new lanes open, so there might be some uneven pavement and drivers will have to pay extra attention. Final paving and other finishing touches would be done after the rainy season.
He said the pre-finish opening will be similar to what Caltrans did a couple of years ago in the stretch of 101 from north Santa Rosa to Windsor: Letting drivers use the extra lanes before the entire project was complete.


text:
Секс в ко́смосе — половой акт в условиях невесомости или экстремальной среде космического пространства.

Общие сведения
Малая гравитация влияет как на физиологические процессы, так и на физическое взаимодействие партнёров. С другой стороны, если же пара движется относительно других окружающих объектов, это может привести к столкновениям. Также существуют предположения, что оплодотворение и беременность во внеземных условиях могут быть проблематичными.

Тема секса в космосе приобретает значение, когда рассматриваются долгосрочные миссии по исследованию и таких проектов колонизации космоса как колонизации Луны или Марса. Учёный Стивен Хокинг заявил в 2007 году, что, возможно, само выживание человечества будет зависеть от успешности преодоления жёстких условий космического пространства.

Проблематика
Даже если космические агентства публично редко поднимают тему сексуальных отношений между космонавтами, вопрос секса во время будущих длительных космических миссий становится предметом исследований. Миссия к Марсу, запланированная НАСА, может продолжаться для экипажа от шести до восьми человек около 30 месяцев. В таких условиях тесных отношений, по мнению Национальной академии наук США, не избежать. По мнению антрополога Университета Южной Калифорнии Лоуренса Палинкаса, вопрос половых отношений при длительных миссиях невозможно замолчать. Пол Рут Вольпе, биоэтик Пенсильванского университета и советник НАСА с 2001 года, утверждает, что раньше или позже космическое агентство должно заняться этой темой.

Уже в 1973 году Айзек Азимов поднимал вопросы связанных с сексом возможностей и рисков. В 1976 году в Советском Союзе появилась публикация об органах размножения крыс после космического полёта. Павел Моргунов, пресс-секретарь российского Института медико-биологических проблем РАН, подтвердил в 2007 году, что половой акт и связанное с ним размножение представляют проблему, которую необходимо решить в будущем. Физик и научный фантаст Артур Кларк заявил, что: «Невесомость приведёт к новой форме эротики». Наряду с биологическими аспектами при размножении необходимо рассматривать также и этические вопросы. Поскольку далёкой целью космических полётов является нахождение и заселение планет, пригодных для жизни вне Солнечной системы, может стать необходимым размножение для сохранения биологического вида во время полётов продолжительностью в десятилетия.

Физиологические аспекты
Во время космических полётов были замечены многочисленные физиологические изменения, многие из которых могут влиять на секс и размножение, хотя остаётся непонятным, чем именно вызваны эти изменения — изменением гравитации, радиацией, шумом, вибрацией, изоляцией, нарушенным циркадным ритмом, стрессом или комбинацией этих факторов.

Самая главная проблема для внеземного размножения — это отсутствие ощутимого гравитационного ускорения. Жизнь на Земле, а, соответственно, и все репродуктивные и онтогенетические процессы всех видов и их предков развились под постоянным воздействием земного притяжения. Вследствие этого необходимо изучить как космическая среда влияет на критические фазы размножения и развития млекопитающих, а также на процессы, связанные с оплодотворением, эмбриональным развитием, беременностью, рождением, послеродовым развитием и родительской заботой. Гравитация влияет на все аспекты развития позвоночного, включая клеточную структуру и функционирование, развитие системы органов и даже поведение. Поскольку гравитация регулирует экспрессию генов млекопитающих, это может иметь значительные последствия для успешного продолжения рода во внеземных условиях.

Среди исследований размножения млекопитающих в условиях микрогравитации были эксперименты с крысами. И хотя зародыш развивался правильно после возвращения к нормальной гравитации, крысы, выращенные в условиях микрогравитации не могли выпрямляться. Другое исследование изучало оплодотворения мышей в микрогравитации. И хотя и в этой, и в контрольной группе родились здоровые мыши после возвращения к нормальной гравитации, исследователи отметили, что успешных оплодотворений было меньше в условиях микрогравитации. В настоящее время, полностью в условиях микрогравитации не было выращено ни мышей, ни крыс.

Психологические аспекты
Психологические последствия секса и размножения во время полётов столь же неоднозначны. В ближайшем будущем космические экипажи будут относительно малочисленными. Если совокупление произойдёт между членами экипажа, это может иметь последствия для отношений среди экипажа и повлиять на успех миссии и деятельность экипажа. Психологическое здоровье, совместимость и спаривание будут определять отбор экипажа для длительных внеземных миссий.

Любовь Серова, специалист российского Института медико-биологических проблем в области воспроизводства в условиях космического полёта, говорит, что «после периода адаптации к невесомости, люди не будут нуждаться для секса в космосе в специальных приборах, во всяких эластичных ремнях или надувных трубах», а также что «мы изучаем влияние невесомости на репродуктивные функции тел самцов и самок на примере млекопитающих, особенно крыс». Общий вывод, что секс в космосе не представляет собой физической проблемы и что лица, достаточно мотивированные для участия в космическом полёте, не будут отвлекаться из-за секса.

Исследования
Насколько известно, ещё не проводились исследования полового акта в космосе между людьми. Также нет подтверждённой информации относительно секса между космонавтами, который состоялся. В женском журнале Madame , со ссылкой на портал Futura-Sciences, была опубликована информация о том что на борту советской космической станции могла быть первая в истории освоения космоса попытка интимной близости. В 2001 году космонавт Талгат Мусабаев заявил в интервью «Российской газете», что, несмотря на сплетни, никакого секса в космосе не было. Немецкий космонавт Ульрих Вальтер сказал в 2011 году: «Будьте спокойны, секса в шаттле и в американской части космической станции никогда не происходило».

В 2010 году наделал шуму рассказ научно-популярного писателя Пьера Колера в книге «La Dernière Mission», о чём также писала газета «The Guardian». При этом ссылались на документ НАСА (№ 12-571-3570), который был опубликован 28 ноября 1989 года группой Usenet и согласно которому в 1996 году космонавтами на одном из полётов космических челноков тестировались разнообразные позиции для секса. Доклад НАСА оказался мистификацией. Уже в марте 2010 года пресс-секретарь НАСА Брайан Уельх назвал документ городскими легендами.

Всё же половые акты в космосе часто исследовались на животных. Российские учёные исследовали влияние невесомости на сексуальную жизнь животных на борту космического аппарата Фотон-М. Спутник транспортировал ящериц, плодовых мух и микробов. Он стартовал 19 июля 2014 года и оставался в космосе (около 500 километров над поверхностью Земли) лишь шесть недель вместо запланированных восьми. Мухи размножились; ящерицы замёрзли вследствие технических проблем.

Регламент
Не существует никаких распоряжений, которые бы однозначно касались темы секса на борту. Согласно «Кодексу профессиональной ответственности космонавтов», космонавты НАСА обязаны вести себя с достоинством. «Кодекс поведения экипажа» Международной космической станции требует следующего: «Ни один член экипажа МКС не должен показывать своим поведением, что отдаётся предпочтение определённым лицам во время миссии». В руководстве НАСА относительно здоровья команды, опубликованном в 2007 году, тема секса не поднималась. Ричард Уильямс, ответственный за здоровье космонавтов, уклонялся от разъяснения с обоснованием, что половой акт не связан со здоровьем в космосе, это скорее вопрос поведения и поэтому входит в компетенцию других коллег.

Реализация полового акта
Невесомость приведёт к значительному усложнению полового акта в космосе. Согласно Ульриху Вальтеру, половое влечение в первые дни пребывания в космосе значительно снижено, пока не установится гормональный баланс в соответствие с новыми условиями: «Во время десятидневного полёта в космическом челноке мы думали обо всём, кроме одного.» Невесомость приводит к избытку крови в верхней части туловища, что вызывает недомогания и головные боли. В частности голова надувается и имеет примерно на 10 % больший объём, чем на Земле.

Наряду с общим плохим самочувствием в космосе, худшее кровообращение нижней части туловища мужчин может приводить, по мнению Гаральда Леша, к проблемам с эрекцией. Однако даже если эрекция после адаптации к новым условиям и наступит, могут возникнуть проблемы с выполнением полового акта из-за недостаточного сцепления. Биолог Асена Адреадис из  пояснила британской газете «Daily Mail»: «Заниматься сексом в невесомости чрезвычайно трудно, потому что нет никакого сцепления, и к тому же ты постоянно сталкиваешься со стенами». Через толкательные движения партнёры будут отталкиваться друг от друга. Половой акт возможен лишь с применением вспомогательных материалов. Так, предлагается надувной тоннель, куда пара скользит. Пару можно также связывать эластичными ремнями. Уже в 1992 году учительница из Истона в Массачусетсе предложила конструкцию из таких ремней, которые должны были бы сделать возможным половой акт в невесомости. Рэймонд Нунан из Института секса в Нью-Йорке заявил, что использование этой системы могло бы быть полезным для уменьшения стресса космонавтов.

Другим вариантом является привязывание одного из партнёров к рейке, в то время как другой может свободно двигаться держась за другие рейки. Также обсуждались альтернативные модели, когда по аналогии спаривания дельфинов паре помогает третье лицо. Для предотвращения уменьшения кровяного давления в ногах советским космическим агентством были разработаны брюки низкого давления. Использование таких брюк должно значительно усилить сексуальное возбуждение.

Риск оплодотворения
Половой акт в космосе вызывает также вопросы этического характера. Так, казахстанский космонавт Талгат Мусабаев заявил, что секс не должен состояться по причине неизвестных рисков при возможной беременности: «Мы не знаем, какие будут последствия для зародыша».

Керри Уолтон, нью-йоркский невролог, хотя и считает, что зачатые и рождённые в космосе дети будут жизнеспособными, но однако не на Земле. По его мнению, мышцы, сердце, иммунная система и кости будут недостаточно крепкими для выживания. Известно, что пребывание на космических станциях в течение месяцев может значительно повредить взрослому человеческому телу (прежде всего мышцам и костям). Можно ожидать, что ещё больший вред будет причинён детям во время их роста. Трудно также представить сами роды в космосе. Как сказала Асена Адреадис: «Это ад — рожать в невесомости.»

Прецеденты
Случаи сексуальных отношений в космосе неизвестны. Лоуренс Палинкас ожидает, что при длительных миссиях в космосе сложатся ситуации подобные ситуациям при длительных пребываниях на изолированных исследовательских станциях в Антарктике. Трудно будет игнорировать вопрос сексуальности. В сентябре 1992 года супружеская пара Марк Чарльз Ли и Нэнси Джен Дейвис совершили полёт в рамках миссии Спейс Шаттла STS-47. Они поженились во время подготовки к миссии. Чтобы исключить возможность сексуального контакта, космонавты работали в разных сменах. Франк Шетцинг говорил в октябре 2009 года, что были слухи о романах между российскими и американскими космонавтами.

В июне 2015 года Pornhub объявлял о планах провести первую порнографическую съёмку в космосе. Для этого была запущена краудфандинг-кампания для финансирования проекта названного «Сексплорейшн» с целью собрать 3,4 миллиона долларов США за 60 дней. Его выпуск планировался на 2016 год после шестимесячной тренировки двух исполнителей и экипажа из шести человек, однако ничего подобного так и не было осуществлено. Хотя компания заявляла о переговорах со многими , она отказалась их назвать из «боязни, что это может вызвать ненужные отрицательные последствия». В статье на  об этой кампании отмечено, что в 2008 году Virgin Galactic отказалась от предложения в миллион долларов от неназванной стороны провести съёмки порнофильма на борту SpaceShipTwo.

Общественное восприятие
Вопросы сексуальной жизни в космосе периодически поднимаются в обществе. Писатель Франк Шетцик постоянно юмористически спекулирует на эту тему в своих работах.  в 1985 году поднимал тему секса в невесомости перед телевизионной публикой.

Миллиардер Ричард Брэнсон, который хочет предлагать туристические космические полёты на своих кораблях Virgin Galactic и SpaceShipTwo, обещает также и сексуальное первенство: «Какая пара будет иметь первой секс в космосе? Невесомый секс, это было бы что-то».

Одна из серий документальной телевизионной передачи «Вселенная» 2009 года была посвящена «Сексу в космосе» (3-я серия, 4-й сезон).

В ряде художественных фильмов и телесериалов показан секс в космосе, например, «Лунный гонщик» (1979), «Сверхновая» (2000), «Куб 2: Гиперкуб» (2002), «Пространство» (2016).

См. также
 Космическая медицина
 Геотропизм

 Космический туризм
 Колонизация космоса

Примечания

Литература
 Железняков А. Б. Секс в космосе. — СПб.: Вектор, 2008.
 Werner Gruber, Heinz Oberhummer, Martin Puntigam: Wer nichts weiß, muss alles glauben. Ecowin, Salzburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-902404-93-0

  (Онлайн-препринт со списком публикаций про секс в космосе в 1973—2010 годах)
 Sex in Space, in: Star Observer, Ausgabe 8-9/2000, SRO-Verlag, Purkersdorf 2000, .

Ссылки

 Adventures in Space, The Zero-G Spot, by Michael Behar; OUTSIDE Magazine, December 2006
 Outer-space sex carries complications By Alan Boyle, MSNBC July 24, 2006. Concept of «2suit» design of American writer Vanna Bonta.
 Space sex hoax rises again by James Oberg
 Sex in Space: Is it Unethical to Conceive a Child Out There?, Could, and Should, Astronauts Have Babies on Mars?. space.com
 Astronauts test sex in space — but did the earth move? The Guardian February 24, 2000
 Building The Spatial Village, The New York Times am 9. September 2003, Buchbesprechung: Bettyann Holtzmann Kevles, Almost Heaven: The Story of Women in Space, Basic Books, New York, 2003
 Virgin Galactic rejects $1 million space porn by Peter B. de Selding, MSNBC October 2, 2008.
 Has anyone ever had sex in space? from The Straight Dope by Cecil Adams, 28 February 1997.
 Space Frontier Foundation's media archives for the SFF1484 panel «Sex in Space» from the 2006 «New Space Return to the Moon Conference» featuring authors Laura Woodmansee, and Vanna Bonta with NASA physician Dr. John Logan.

Пилотируемый космический полёт
Сексуальность человека


One of these is dealing with moderation abuse, something which can come in different forms. See the FAQ [soylentnews.org] for some background. Addressed there are "mod bombs" and "spam mods". A mod bomb is deemed to have happened when one user (user1) has performed 4 or more downmods against comments by another user (user2). Upon review, if a mod bomb has been found to occur, then the moderator (user1) gets a 1-month mod ban on the first occasion; 6 months on the second and subsequent times.
What is a mod bomb? Four (4) or more downmods in 24 hours by "user1" against comments posted by "user2". qualifies as a mod bomb and earns "user1" a 1-month moderation ban (initially; subsequent mod bombs earn a 6-month mod ban).
So, now it's your turn. I'd appreciate your feedback and thoughts on this. If we should choose to implement it, it would probably have a soft launch with any "violations" being met with a warning. Ultimately, it's your site. How do you want us to deal with sockpuppets?


Abraham started his conservation/ecology career with a BSc Honours in Forest Resources and Wildlife Management at the National University of Science and Technology (Bulawayo, Zimbabwe) in 2002. During his time there he was interested in carnivore conservation, particularly cheetahs and their maiming by farmers as livestock pests. He was introduced to some birding and joined Birdlife Zimbabwe and it was through this organisation that he got involved in a water-foul census and threats to indigenous bird populations. For his BSc report, he investigated micro-mammals eaten by Barn Owls (Tyto alba) and did some morphometric analyses to estimate prey sizes using rodent skulls under Professor Peter Mundy.
He moved the University of the Witwatersrand in 2007 to study for a MSc in Resource Conservation Biology. He instantly became interested in remote sensing and geographic information systems tools available and their applications in understanding species behaviour and its implication on conservation. His thesis investigated the use of GPS telemetry data and aerial photography in understanding the movement patterns, habitat use of sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) in relation to woody cover under Dr William Cain, III and Professor Barend Erasmus. He did some voluntary work at the Environmental Evaluation Unit in 2010 under Professor Rachel Wynberg and Professor Merle Sowman. In 2011 he registered for a PhD in Botany at UCT to further his understanding of landscape dynamics/ecology and how this affects herbivores, fire and vegetation patterns. His present work investigates disturbance patterns (i.e. fire and herbivore abundance) in space and time along with their effect on vegetation dynamics across altitude and rainfall gradients at 3-4 sites in KwaZulu-Natal using palaeoecological proxies. He is working with Associate Professor Lindsey Gillson and Professor William Bond.


text:
Шамс ад-Дін Мухаммед (д/н — 1339) — емір Фарсу в 1339 році.

Життєпис
Син Махмуд Шаха, інджу Фарсу. 1325 року останнього було призначено наїбом (намісником) Фарсу. Призначений представником батька в Ісфагані та Аджемському Іраку. З 1335 року діяв спільно з братом Гіяс ад-Діном Кай-Хосровом, що став фактично незалежним еміром Фарсу.

Спільно з Кей-Хосровом воював проти іншого брата Масуд Шаха, що висунув претензії на Шираз. Після поразки 1338 рокубрати потрапили у полон й ув'язнені були у фортеці Калат-Сафід, звідки невдовзі Мухаммед втік до Ісфагану, де став самостійним володарем.

1339 року об'єднався з Пір-Хусейном з Чобанідів, що намагався завоювати Фарс. Спільні війська в битві біля Сарвестану завдали поразки Масуд Шаху, що втік до Лурестану. Переможці зайняли Шираз, де оголосили себе співволодарями. Але через місяць Пір-Хусейн наказав вбити Мухаммеда, що зрештою спричинило загальне повстання й повернення до влади Масуд Шаха.

Джерела
 Peter Jackson, The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume Six: The Timurid and Safavid Periods, 1986. ISBN 0-521-20094-6

Інджуїди


Portable solar charger, ideal for charging mobile phones, MP3 players, satnavs and other electronic devices. With large 30cm (diagonal) 830mA panel, and various output plugs and USB port.
Great device for people with outdoor lifestyles such as hikers, cyclists. Sturdy and durable design in camouflage green and black colours.
Can be easily attached to a backpack for charging while on the move. The charger also includes straps and stand for positioning the device in the most possible sunlight.
Package contains USB cable, and 6 universal charging plugs for various phones and other devices. Please refer to product photo for details on the plugs included.
A really nice feature on this product is the built-in USB port - this allows you to use your own USB charging cable from a mobile phone, or any other electronic device - simply plug the USB cable into this solar charger, and your device will start charging.
If you want something that's going to charge your devices to full in our Irish or British weather, this isn't it.
First time I tried this product there was some light clouds, yet the battery level on my phone kept on falling rather than rising when plugged in.
The day after, it was quite a nice day, hardly any clouds in the sky and I even adjusted the panel every hour or so to follow the sun. It ended up charging my phone 22%, no more than that and it had been plugged into my phone for no less than six hours.


The European Parliament voted to ban single-use plastic. With an overwhelming majority of 571 votes vs 53 against, MEPs backed the proposal aiming to reduce the estimated 150-thousand tons of plastic waste from Europe that ends up in the sea every year.
Completely banned are to be plastic straws, cotton buds, cutlery and plates, drink-stirrers and balloon sticks. The proposal submitted by Liberal MEP Frédérique Ries also called for a reduction in single-use plastic for food and drink containers like plastic cups.
Plastic ups should be reduced by 1/4 until 2025 either via price hikes or advertisement for alternatives.
In a last minute move, the conservative fraction of EPP managed to "rescue" balloon out of people's reaction ahead of the EU elections in May.
The measure still has to clear some procedural hurdles, but is expected to go through.
The EU hopes it will go into effect across the bloc by 2021.
Even if there is a general consent about reduction of plastic in the oceans, some say that the banning single-use plastic is not panacea without raising awareness and change consumers' habits.
And some claim that no matter what the EU does, Asia and Africa do not car eabout the problem and so does Trump's America.
Do you believe EU's plastic ban will solve the problem?


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text:
Nikolai Dejevsky was born in a United Nations administered refugee camp in Germany in 1945, and in '49 arrived with his parents along the highway described in his novel Woodland of Weir, to be welcomed in central Maine in the town of Solon.
The family later joined the famous Russian émigré colony in Richmond, location of his novel A Myth of Messina: Echoes of Russian Richmond. Eventually they moving to Old Town, where the author graduated from high school to attend Cornell University.
After obtaining a master's degree at the University of Pennsylvania, Dejevsky went on to study medieval Russian history for his PhD at Oxford University. Dejevsky experienced life in the Soviet Union as the Moscow-based project manager for Reuters where he witnessed the fall of the Iron Curtain.
For many years Dejevsky pursued a career in British publishing and journalism. He then moved to Paris in '95, where his wife Mary was Paris Bureau Chief of The Independent of London, followed by four years in Washington, DC, where she was The Independent's Washington correspondent.
Retired, Dejevsky remains active as a volunteer in various charities concerned with chronic illnesses. He is on the editorial board of The Parkinson, the quarterly magazine of the Parkinson's Disease Society of the UK.
He and his wife divide their time between their home in London and their holiday home in the Languedoc region of France. Dejevsky's poetry has received two Mervyn Peake Awards and has been read to television audiences in Maine.
"So, to sum it all up," the author writes, "I feel Russian by roots, Londoner by accident, Francophile by inclination, and Mainer by divine intervention! As for America . . . well, the greater country would do well to follow the lead of Dirigo," Maine's motto.


The School of Agricultural Sciences is one of the most prestigious constituents of Glocal University and offers B.Sc. Agriculture programme of four years duration comprising of eight semesters. School of Agriculture Sciences performs a dynamic and innovative education programme to meet challenges in human resource development, vital and relevant research and effective extension services to cater the need of farmers.
The admissions to the B.Sc. Agriculture are based on multi-stream entries and thus the students from biology, mathematics group besides those from agriculture also get an opportunity to join the undergraduate programme. The students coming from different streams are required to study the remedial courses apart from the basic supporting and the core courses.
A holistic approach has been adopted in framing the curriculum for the B.Sc. Ag. degree programme keeping in view the recommendations of the IV Deans' Committee constituted by the ICAR. While preparing the course-curriculum regional needs and infrastructure facilities available at the University have been taken into consideration. Experiential learning in important areas with professional bias has been added towards graduation requirement.
The degree programme is well known for strong practical focus and professionalism. Intensive well thought course work (165-170) credits including practical crop production (PCP) and Rural Agriculture Work Experience (RAWE) fit to meet the requirement of the hour constitutes the pivotal components of the degree programmes in agriculture. The course curricula are upgraded continuously from time to time incorporating the emerging concepts and technologies. The school is pioneer in starting PCP course for its first batch. Practical Crop Production (PCP) provides the unique model for practical training in crop production and has been designed based on Agricultural Universities of the country.
The School of Agriculture Sciences boasts for having modern physical amenities comprising classrooms, well equipped laboratories, a conference hall, ARIS cell, central analytical laboratory and a mini auditorium. The laboratories are equipped with modern equipment and instruments to facilitate the teaching and basic and applied research. To meet the need of advance research the School has developed specialized laboratories namely bio control, IPM, micronutrients, video production etc. The School enjoys a group of well trained, experienced and dedicated faculty who are nurturing the future of students vis-à-vis country. The contributions of the faculty members in academics, research and extension is well recognised nationally and internationally.
According to one study, it is estimated that the annual requirement for agriculture professionals by 2020 would be around 65,000. Considering the present supply, there would be a shortage of about 30,000 professionals, thus giving a clear indication of a bright future ahead for agriculture professionals. Upon graduation or post-graduation in agriculture, there are ample opportunities in teaching, research and transfer of technology areas in ICAR, State Agricultural Universities, State Departments of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry and NGOs. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts an annual competitive examination for recruitment in the Indian Forest Services, for which one of the educational qualifications required is Bachelor's degree in Agriculture/Forestry. Any government job that specifies graduation as the required qualification like civil services, defense services, banks etc., the Ag BSc graduates can equally apply like any other graduates. Moreover, there are large number of local, national and international private business organizations, manufactures and NGOs where agriculture professionals can find decent employment. Software companies are also looking for domain experts in agriculture industry to plan, design and implement different software solutions targeting the agriculture sector. Government of India is encouraging to start business ventures in agriculture sector with lot of schemes, subsidies, incentives and financial support. Therefore, BSc Agriculture offers a wide scope particularly in India where half the workforce is living on agriculture.
2. After completing BSc Agriculture, continuing with higher agricultural education is one of the career options.
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27. When your passion is writing and reporting, then Agricultural Journalism is the best choice for you.
14. IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Ltd.
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The mission of the School of Agricultural Sciences is to improve the quality of life of people, especially the rural masses dependent upon agriculture, through quality human resource development for efficient, effective and gainful utilization of productive resources, leading to knowledge led agrarian transformation and sustainable development of agriculture for addressing food security, nutritional adequacy, employment opportunity and eco-environment concerns.
School of Agricultural Sciences offer undergraduate programme viz., B.Sc Agriculture with maximum intake of 60 students in each course and has linkages in academic programmes with other School of Science & Technology, School of Business & Commerce, School of Life and Allied Health Sciences.
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For those who visit Michigan for its natural beauty and scenic splendor, you're in the right place. But what do you do after the sun's gone down and even nature retires for the night? Ever consider taking in a little live music? There are plenty of great live music venues in Michigan, both in large and small scales so those wanting a big blow-out concert can catch the extravaganza of their dreams while those wanting more intimate settings won't walk away unhappy. With that in mind, here are just 10 of those great live music venues in Michigan.
It's impossible to make a list like this without talking about the massive DTE Music Energy Theatre in Clarkston. It's not only one of the largest such venues around, it's also one of the most heavily traveled venues in the United States. It's been ranked the most attended amphitheater 21 years running by Amusement Business/Billboard, clearly showing its worth being ranked on most any list like this. A venue whose season reportedly starts annually with an Eddie Money show is particularly noteworthy in its own right.
Regarded in many ways as similar to DTE, though located in Sterling Heights, Freedom Hill is not only operated by the same firm that operates DTE Music Energy Theatre, but it also offers a similar amphitheater design. The difference between the two, however, is that Freedom Hill is really just a scaled-down version of DTE Music Energy Theatre. Complete with lawn seating and prices starting around $10 in some cases, Freedom Hill can be a great place for bargain hunters to catch live music without breaking the bank.
Not all music venues in Michigan are massive stadiums, and one of the best non-massive venues around is Bell's Brewery's Eccentric Café in Kalamazoo. Famous for its craft beer, particularly its annual Oberon release, Bell's has multiple locations to its credit. At the Eccentric Café location, however, there's an added bonus of live musicians covering just about every type of music from funk to folk, and most everything else in between. Bell's Eccentric Café actually has music an average of three to four days a week, so it's a safe bet that someone's playing at Bell's.
The Avenue Café hasn't been working in Lansing long, but it's delivering quite a bit of impact in the market. Not only is it offering a wide array of musical offerings, ranging from live metal bands to karaoke, but it's also got diversity in several other capacities. With the offerings of a live music venue intermingled with the offerings of a more standard cafe--including board game nights, free Wi-Fi, coffee and various vegetarian and even vegan dishes available- the Avenue Café makes versatility its watchword.
With over 10,000 seats to its credit, Grand Rapids mainstay the Van Andel Arena features not only the best in live music-between now and the end of the year the site will host Kanye West and Stevie Nicks-but also in unusual events like Cirque du Soleil and the Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics Champions. With all these events in place and plenty of seats to choose from, it's not surprising that this is one of the best places in the state to catch live music.
Back in Kalamazoo, we get a look at an unexpected source of live music: The Kalamazoo Valley Museum. Actually, it's not so much the museum as it is a component of it, the Mary Jane Stryker Theater. While it offers monthly performances from the Kalamazoo Folklife Organization, its real claim to fame is the Fretboard Festival, an annual event that not only offers live music, but also workshops on stringed instruments and networking opportunities for future stringed instrument development.
Arboretums aren't normally on people's mind when considering live music, but the Leila Arboretum in Battle Creek comes with a special added feature: the annual Leila Arboretum Music Festival, sometimes called Leilapalooza. Free for visitors-there's a fee for parking, but that gets funneled to the Kingman Museum and the Arboretum itself. Plus, the event comes with one special added attraction: The Beard Tent, in which the festival's best beards are publicly celebrated.
It probably shouldn't be a surprise that one of the best music venues in Michigan is found near a college, but that's the case with Mac's Bar. Just a little west of Michigan State University in Lansing, Mac's Bar is the oldest music venue the city has to offer, and so bears a note of history with its live music. And live music it has in plenty. Mac's Bar has live music almost every night of the week, featuring such exotic acts as Agent Orange, Gil Mantera's Party Dream, and several others.
Searching Google for Kenton, Michigan provides a close map with one point at its epicenter: Hoppy's Bar. This Upper Peninsula landmark has a second claim to fame to it as the best neighborhood bar in Michigan according to MLive's reckoning. Hoppy's delivers a surprisingly versatile package, renowned for its friendly atmosphere, its longevity-it's been around since 1946-and its food, like the massive Sloppy Burger. Just 45 minutes from Wisconsin, it's about as close to the edge of Michigan as can be but it's still uniquely, purely Michigan.
The name says it all, as this Munising location offers not only coffee and books under one roof-generally regarded as a good combination-but it's also got a complete menu featuring specialties like a mixed berry smoothie and the wholly-Upper-Peninsula treat of smoked whitefish. Naturally, live music is also on hand to take an already-impressive picture in the Upper Peninsula to the next level.
View more Michigan Live Music Venues.


I define Ruthless Priorities as those 1 or 2 things that are so important that you refuse to put them at risk.
It doesn't mean that you say no to everything else. It means that if you select something as a Ruthless Priority, you get it done, which means you might accept some risk in other areas.
I have found an interesting dynamic with some of my clients, where we go through great pains to select one or two Ruthless Priorities out of the sea of urgent priorities, and get alignment on them. The team is happy for the clarity and the focus.
But then I go back weeks or months later and they tell me that they have not made progress on their Ruthless Priorities because other things came up and they are really busy.
If it's a Ruthless Priority — by definition, you get it done — otherwise it's not a Ruthless Priority.
One client of mine, a fast growing organization in a tech company, had a Ruthless Priority of hiring engineers. They were not hiring engineers fast enough to meet their aggressive growth plans.
Everyone agreed that hiring engineers was a Ruthless Priority because if they did not have the staff they needed, they would not succeed, and they were all feeling the strain from being way-overloaded.
Hiring was a Ruthless Priority for the business and on a personal level. Everyone agreed.
When I went back and asked about it several weeks later, they said they had not made progress.
So then we got to work on the difference between calling something a Ruthless Priority and actually having it BE a Ruthless Priority.
Ask the question, "What would it take for this to be not at risk?
Most often the answer is: focused resources.
You can't have a Ruthless Priority without some amount of dedicated and protected resource applied to it.
In this case, they realized that everyone felt very strongly that hiring was a Ruthless Priority, but that among the Engineering teams, no one owned making specific things happen each day or each week to ensure progress was being made.
Everyone was still in agreement that it was the most important priority, but no one had changed how they were working on it. They called hiring a Ruthless Priority and then all went back to their regular, urgent, engineering work.
Once these actions were committed to and resourced, only then did hiring actually become a Ruthless Priority.
If you are struggling to move forward on your Ruthless Priority, get very practical about resourcing it, and then protect those resources with your life — because the pressure and the chaos will not disappear, it will still be there challenging you every day.
That's why you have to be Ruthless!


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text:
¿Dónde está Elisa? est une telenovela colombienne diffusée en 2012 par Canal RCN.

Distribution
 Cristina Umaña - Adelaida Jiménez de León
 Jorge Enrique Abello - Cristóbal Rivas
 Anabell Rivero -  María Antonia León de Casas
 Laura Perico - Elisa León Jiménez
 Juan Pablo Gamboa - Vicente León
 Lucho Velazco - Anibal Casas
 Mónica Pardo - Alejandra Casas
 Martin Escobar - Rodrigo Casas
 Ernesto Benjumea - Jose Pablo Álvarez
 Ángela Vergara - Olivia León de Álvarez
 Jose Daniel Cristancho - Santiago Alvarez
 Carolina Sabino - Amanda Cruz
 Roberto Cano
 Katherine Escobar - Isabel Rios
 Jacques Toukhmanian - Nicolás del Valle
 Pedro Falla - Ricardo De la Fuente
 Álvaro Rodríguez - Salazar
 Adriana López - Fiscal Adriana Muñoz

Diffusion internationale
  RCN Televisión (2012)

Autres versions
  ¿Dónde está Elisa? (TVN, 2009)
  ¿Dónde está Elisa? (Telemundo, 2010)

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes
  Site officiel

Série télévisée colombienne des années 2010
Telenovela
Série télévisée de RCN Televisión
Remake de série télévisée


The three candidates to lead the Santa Barbara County Sheriff's Office as its sheriff-coroner made their last push to draw in Isla Vista and UC Santa Barbara voters last Thursday.
Here's how much money each candidate is raising and spending to win the election to represent the people of Isla Vista and Santa Barbara County, according to county campaign finance disclosure forms.
Sheriff Bill Brown leads the fundraising effort comfortably with $251,364, as of May 25 — the last date on file that Brown reported finances — ahead of Lt. Brian Olmstead, who has raised $124,329 as of May 24.
The difference between the first two candidates and Lt. Eddie Hsueh is a chasm.
Hsueh, who said at Thursday's candidate forum that his campaign is volunteer run, trails behind Brown and Olmstead with only $8,567.64 in campaign finances raised as of May 20.
According to California law, the deadline to submit financial disclosure forms is May 26. Contributions of $1,000 from a single source must be reported within 24 hours.
Hsueh is the only candidate who has chosen to abide by a voluntary finance limit, which is set at $153,000.
On Thursday, Olmstead said he refused to follow a finance limit in order to match incumbent Sheriff Brown who Olmstead said will have large fundraising capabilities as a result of his long-time tenure as sheriff.
Brown said raising campaign finances is unfortunately a reality for candidates who want to reach all voters in the 424,000 person county.
According to campaign disclosure forms as of May 25, Brown has received $251,364 in campaign contributions and accumulated $168,741 in expenditures through May 19.
Brown's largest donors are Eric G. Phillips, CEO of Phillips Acquisitions, LLC, T.J. Barrack, co-founder and producer of Adaptive Studios, Inc. and Patrick M. Nesbitt, Carpinteria resident and founder of Windsor Capital Group, Inc., who have each donated $10,000 to Brown's campaign.
Hsueh's top supporters are his own election team, which has donated $2,250, the Democratic Women of Santa Barbara with $1,000 and two individual residents of Carpinteria and Bakersfield that have donated $1,250 cumulatively.
Olmstead has raised a total of $124,329 as of May 24 and has accumulated $117,260 in expenditures.
Olmstead has the highest individual donation amount with $44,500 from Santa Barbara County Deputy Sheriffs' Association. His top donors are the Santa Barbara County Firefighters Government PAC with $20,000, a retired Santa Ynez resident with $12,500 and a retired Santa Barbara resident with $3,500.
Update: This article was updated on May 29 to include Lt. Eddie Hsueh's campaign finances and expenditures through May 20, according to his financial disclosure form processed on May 24.


text:
The Indigenous Origins of Regenerative Agriculture
October 12, 2020Blog, Climate Blog
By Tracy Heim, NFU Intern
On the second Monday of every October, Indigenous Peoples' Day is celebrated across the United States to honor the original inhabitants of the Americas. On this Indigenous Peoples' Day, National Farmers Union (NFU) celebrates the invaluable contributions of Native Americans and the Indigenous origins of many practices currently used in the regenerative agricultural movement.
Long before the arrival of Europeans, Indigenous populations protected local ecosystems and preserved biodiversity through land management and farming practices. European settlers did not arrive at an 'untouched land,' an idea known as the 'pristine myth' of the early Americas. Charles Mann, the author of "1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus," notes how the pristine land myth obscures the reality that Indigenous Americans actively shaped the environment around them. As we rethink American history, we can thank Indigenous Americans for advancing practices that define sustainable agriculture and land stewardship.
Intercropping and Polycultures
Diverse farming systems are central to today's regenerative agriculture movement – but the concept is far from new. For hundreds of years, Indigenous Americans have planted more than one crop together in a practice known as intercropping. Intercropping is based on synergy in which the physical aspects of each plant complement one another and improve each other's health and growth. A combination of corn, beans, and squash known as the 'Three Sisters' was cultivated extensively by the Iroquois in the Northeast. In this system, the corn stalks provide a natural trellis for the beans to grow on, which in turn help the corn grow by adding nitrogen to the soil. At the same time, the squash vines act as a "living mulch" that maintains soil moisture and prevents weeds from growing.
Successful intercropping relies on growing crops that complement one another and minimally compete for resources. When done correctly, this practice can improve crop productivity, crop yield stability over time, and overall soil health. Intercropping can also help manage pests naturally, reducing weeds, insects, and diseases. The principles of intercropping can also be applied to cover crops, so as to improve soil health, sequester carbon, and bolster biodiversity year-round.
Polycultures, or planting different species of plants in the same area in a way that imitates nature, has similar benefits to intercropping. Research by Dr. Jane Mt. Pleasant, an agronomist at Cornell University of Tuscarora descent, showed how intercropping was a highly productive and advantageous system for reasons other than technological necessity. Other studies on the 'Three Sisters' system in the Northeast have shown how polycultures are more efficient at using nutrients, light, and water than monocultures.
The modern sustainable agriculture movement prioritizes water management and climate-specific adaptations using many pre-colonial practices. For example, Indigenous communities in more humid climates planted the Three Sisters on mounds of soil, which drains the soil of excess moisture. Today, mounds are still used as a way to preserve soil and reduce erosion.
In contrast, the Hohokam tribe in Arizona dug and maintained canals as an irrigation system to facilitate farming in a relatively arid climate. Similarly, the Pueblo peoples used light dams to prevent deep ruts and gullies from forming and redirect the water for agricultural and other purposes. Farmers in dry regions continue use these and other Indigenous practices in order to overcome environmental challenges and preserve natural resources.
Indigenous Americans practiced agroforestry, or the management of trees, crops, and animals together in a way that benefits all three. Silviculture, the management of tree growth and forest composition, was practiced in the prehistoric Eastern Woodlands and to foster wildlife populations and improve hunting. Along those same lines, Native Americans also grazed animals among trees using a practice now known as silvopasture. Both of these methods can improve forest health, increase soil carbon sequestration, provide shade for animals, and expand habitat for wildlife.
Across the Americas, Indigenous populations used controlled fires to manage forests. Over time, trees would grow back in a process known as environmental succession, shifting nutrients from the soil to an organic form. The grasslands of the Midwest and Southwest resulted from swidden agriculture which involves selectively burning forests to use ash as a fertilizer for crops and promote regeneration over time. This practice resulted in the forests that emerged after colonial practices removed Indigenous populations from their land; to this day, those forests cover land in Wisconsin, Illinois, and the Texas Hill Country.
Permaculture refers to agricultural systems that are sustainable and mimic natural patterns while allowing for production. The core of permaculture is working with, as opposed to against, natural forces and having a deep understanding of the local environment. By planting species that accumulated or 'fixed' nitrogen and other vital nutrients to the soil, Native Americans overcame a main limiting factor in plant growth. Indigenous populations in the Northeast and Midwest planted legumes, a nitrogen-fixing crop, a practice that is now used to reduce dependence on fertilizers and improve soil health.
Like what you've read? Join the conversation at National Farmers Union's Facebook page.
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This is such an informative blog! I love how you've outlined the history of these all of these practices and reminded us that in (re)creating sustainable farming systems is something we can involve the guidance from the experts of the Native American community.
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Vishwam Heckert says:
Thank you for this great article. It's wonderful to see the NFU acknowledging the contributions of Indigenous people. I wonder why it's written so much in the past tense? Native American people are still engaging in these practices. And they are also asking for their land back, which was stolen. Can we go a little further in our recognition of Indigenous people, their agricultural science and the history of broken treaties? Is it time for reconciliation yet? Thank you, again, for seeing Native Americans.
Aritra says:
Can America be left to the natives and the whites claim their rights to go back to Europe, from where their ancestors were deported?
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Iain Climie says:
Rewilding is popular now but many Native Americans didn't unwild areas in the first place so combining grassland with bison is a sensible way my forward instead of dogmatically assuming that conservation can't be combined with careful use. Good point about mixing crops – exactly what modern regenerative farmers like Gabe Brown in N Dakota do.
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An ambulance carrying a patient, Monday night, near the Ghat near Pithoragarh National Highway went to the ditch.
Two people have died and two injured in the accident. Four of them were residents of Pithoragarh forest Agar and Jakhani.
The ambulance was bringing the patient from Pithoragarh at about 11 o'clock at night. It went unchecked and went to the ditch. Locals and police rescued them and took out the dead ones and injured people out of the ditch. The injured have been admitted to Pithoragarh district hospital.