Kazakhstan has probably had more Google hits in the last month than ever before in its short existence as a republic independent of the Soviet Union - since 1992 barely older than Google itself. That's due to three things: the recent visit of Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan's autocratic ruler, who has been in charge since he became a leader of the then Soviet Republic in the 1980s; Kazakhstan's controversial attempt to lead the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, for which many parties consider it unqualified by virtue of its own internal opacity and autocratic government; and the satire of Jewish comedian Sasha Ali G. Cohen, stage name Borat, which have gained great publicity through the Kazakh government's ham-handed attempts to shut him up (by lodging a protest with the USG).
Countering all these deficiencies are the country's huge oil reserves, which allow it to mingle in polite geopolitical society, and also indirectly to buy off a population that might otherwise be more restive. I spent a weekend there a week ago. It has taken me that long to digest things, and there have also been some subsequent events.
Miriam Lanskoy, NED program officer for Eurasia, happened to be there that weekend too, and she let me come along with her as she rode her circuit. Our first meeting (after a brief excursion to buy a genuine Speedo bathing cap for $5 in a local sporting goods emporium) was lunch with the "party institutes," the National Democratic Institute, chaired by Madeleine Albright, and the International Republican Institute, chaired by John McCain. They are arms of the NED, whose overall mission is to support the spread of democracy (but not of specific parties) wherever it may be springing to life. It does that mostly through grants to in-region NGOs. The Institutes, by contrast, run programs of their own: Mostly, they train any aspiring political organizers who are interested in the mechanics of party activism: direct mail, message development, media training and the like.
To be candid, this notion had left me a little uneasy until now. How can you non-partisanly train people in partisanship? But after meeting the players - Josh Bergin of the IRI and Mary Cummins and Sameera Ali of the NDI - and hearing them describe their work, I felt a lot better about the whole thing. They are indeed mostly going around teaching people how to run a mail-merge program, how to craft a clear message, how to measure public opinion, and so forth. There are certainly ways you could mis-apply the learning, but in this world where 1490 of 1500 newspapers are government-owned or aligned, teaching people the nuts and bolts of bottom-up communications seems pretty one-sidedly good.
Yet, as it happens, the activities of NDI and IRI have been in suspension in Kazakhstan since last spring, courtesy of the Kazakh government. This issue was raised in DC during Nazarbayev's visit, we hear, but there has been little news since. This report, in Governo-Kazakh, does little to clarify things.
Next we went to Club Polyton, a lively discussion club held in a largish room off a warren of offices, run by Nurbulat Massanov, a political scientist and scholar of Kazakh history and national identity. He had devoted his life to fostering political discussion and was able to get visiting dignitaries of all kinds to stop by his club to speak to and with local activists. The audience that Saturday probably skewed a little techy because of my presence: it comprised the leaders of the leading political Websites, kub.kz and zona.kz, and the Website of Respublika, the leading independent newspaper (which just that morning had carried a statement by local NGOs advising against Kazakhstan's chairmanship of the OSCE). We had a lively discussion.
This community is active and engaged among themselves, but they don't reach much of the broader public. A typical home/small business Internet account at 512k - but hardly affordable by a typical home - costs $300/month, so Internet users number about half a million of Kazakhstan's 15 million people (3 percent). Censorship is active, but it's not like in China (where you often know your censor and can negotiate, and the blocking often applies to search queries rather than to the sites themselves): In Kazakhstan, sites are simply blocked. There's certainly a correlation between political edginess and blocking, but it's not precise or predictable. This is a country, remember, where two opposition leaders, (Zamanbek Nurkadilov andAltynbek Sarsenbayev) were murdered in the last year, so no one wants to test things too far.
One person mentioned that the government had recently disclosed the salary of the president of the monopoly telecom provider, 51-percent-owned by the government and 49-percent-owned by private, not very transparent interests. He makes $365,000 per month, plus a $2-million annual bonus. That aroused predictable outrage, but the real question people were interested in was who had caused the news to be released and why?
But, Massanov told me, in paraphrase, "Don't be naive. This isn't just about money; it's about control. They don't want us to have access…."
Perhaps, I countered, but you could get quite a large part of the business community - and perhaps some of the trade and commercial people in the government - on your side.
perhaps the smoothest, most appealing politician of the (as-yet unformalized) opposition. He was a favorite of Nazarbayev and had risen under him became the youngest Kazakh governor at the age of 31. But, as Zhakiyanov tells it, Nazarbayev refused to follow a true reform course and became increasingly authoritarian. . Eventually, Zhakiyanov departed to become a businessman…and form an opposition political party Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan (DVK). Soon after that he was indicted for tax fraud. (Shades of Mikhail Khodorkovsky in Russia, a businessman who challenged Putin's authority and is now languishing in jail in Siberia). Zhakiyanov spent four years (of a seven year sentence) in jail; now he is out on a sort of "city arrest": He can't leave Almaty, Kazakhstan's second-largest city and its commercial center. He's now developing a civil-society program that will probably sponsor a variety of initiatives aimed at developing internet media resources and youth programs. He's lucid and appealing - more so than anyone else I met, and that very fact makes him suspect in many quarters. He was a political insider and a businessman; is it possible for him to be clean?
After that, we went to a reception for the opening of the Eurasia Foundation's new EF Central Asia, which has just opened, run by longtime EFer Andrew Wilson. It is an independent but affiliated NGO, with its own management and some of its own funding, including from corporations such as Philip Morris, AES Corporation, Microsoft Kazakhstan, TengizChevroil and PetroKazakhstan. The mother EF, like the NED, began as a government-funded institution, but it has diversified its revenue sources and is more focused on civil-society projects in general rather than democracy and governance in particular.
On Sunday, we went to see some of the people whom all this activity is supposed to empower. Sergei Solyanik took us there; he works for Green Salvation, an environmental NGO, First, a family - mother and daughter, the father was ill - whose house is overshadowed by a high-voltage power line built a couple of years ago. An underground cable broke, and the local government decided to save money - against community wishes - by replacing it with a kilometer-long open-air power line of the sort you sometimes see out in wild country, but rarely near human settlements. For starters, the line itself is an electrical and fire hazard; this one was especially scary since it was no more than 20 meters away from an above-ground gas pipe in many places. Second, the community believes that it is causing numerous health problems among the people who live near it. That's harder to determine, but it certainly contributes to the community's almost unanimous but still ignored desire to see the things buried underground. As usual, there's a lack of clarity as to how this happened, where the money went, and whether the cable will or will not be buried shortly. Green Salvation has filed a suit on behalf of the community, and won its case in international court under Aarhus Convention, but the local government has not implemented the decision of the international convention body.
Next we went out to the town of Shanirak [photos: http://www.flickr.com/photos/edyson/271562995/in/photostream/], , which used to be outside city limits but is now under the rule of the ever-expanding Almaty municipality. Again, a brief version of a murky story: There's a settlement of about 1500 people who came here from all parts of Kazakhstan and built their own homes. They have documents from the old government officials certifying that they have paid for the right to live on this land. Now the new government says those old documents are invalid...and besides, the water table there is too low and so on. They have cut off electricity and water.
The new municipal government of Almaty doesn't recognize rights or deeds granted under the previous government, and is trying to move her and her neighbors out by means fair or foul.
There's some question whether the old government had the right to sell the land to the settlers, or where the money went to, but certainly the settlers relied on those representations. Meanwhile, there are settlements nearby - one of retired policemen - that just don't have the same problems under the new Almaty government. The spot the settlers occupy is slated to be used for a new shopping mall.
As we stood out in the sunshine, we could see destroyed houses, amidst standing houses that also looked fairly decrepit. There were outhouses, and one shack with a plastic bucket atop, which passed for a shower. Various people came up and joined the conversation: they could all remember the time in July when city authorities, along with security police and bulldozers, showed up to raze the buildings. The villagers protested, standing in front of their homes. The most voluble o the women told us how she had doused herself and her children with gasoline, and threatened to strike a match. The forces stood down, but not without wrecking part of her house. More alterations ensued, and some rocks were thrown. The police claimed that the settlers had stockpiled rocks as weapons; the settlers said they were just construction materials lying around. At the end of the day, one of the policemen had been burned to death in a gasoline fire. The police attributed it to the settlers; the settlers attributed it to a provocateur.
The manager, call him Nur-Nur (which means Nice-Nice), had read about the events in Shanirak and Bakai ; as far as he knew, they concerned a bunch of criminal elements who had attempted to steal government land and were terrorizing their neighborhoods. But…the story wasn't so simple. It turns out Nur-Nur's own house is under threat: The government also plans to build some more modern buildings in his neighborhood, and they will demolish his house. He will get compensation; however, he doubts it will reflect the true value of the property. "Why don't you get together with the neighbors to protest?" I asked, waiting to espouse the virtues of collective action. But he didn't think that would work. His neighbors already think he's suspect, since his house (built by his father) is considerably nicer than theirs. So he plans to go it alone, and has hired a lawyer.
As for the rest, there was agreement that the climate for small business - as long as it doesn't tangle with anyone - is more favorable in Kazakhstan than in Russia. Big business may mostly have ties to the Nazarbayev family, but there is not quite as much of the petty corruption you find in Russia. Nazarbayev has tighter control than Putin; it's a small country after all.
On my flight out of Kazakhstan I ended up sitting next to the Foreign Minister, Kassymzhomart Tokaev. We chatted, and I didn't mention either Borat or Shanirak. I didn't think there was much point, and I was more interested in inserting good ideas into the national discussion than scoring points. So we did talk about telecom, and I stressed once again that lower prices would do nothing but good for the country. Of course he's not the minister of either telecom or economics, but ideas do get through. Just as Google is good for China, so, I think, would the Internet be good for Kazakhstan.
Later in the week, I heard from Miriam that Nurbulat Massanov had suddenly died - not under suspicious circumstances - of a known food allergy last Tuesday. He'd had lunch with a friend at a restaurant and got ill several hours later a medical emergency team showed up, but they couldn't save him. It was truly an accident - and also a terrible tragedy, both for his friends and family, and for Kazakhstan. People of such commitment and courage are rare, and Kazakhstan needs more of them.


Incoming Department of Corrections Commissioner Paul Schnell at a press conference announcing his another appointments to the Walz administration (Photo: Nina Moini).
Gov.-elect Tim Walz named three more agency leaders Thursday who will help him govern the state when he's sworn in next month.
To head the education department, Walz tapped teachers union leader Mary Cathryn Ricker. Walz is a former teacher, and education is one of the largest areas of the state's budget. Despite funding increases throughout DFL Gov. Mark Dayton's eight years in office, racial disparities in achievement have persisted, and a key goal for the next governor will be to close that gap.
Ricker is currently executive vice president of the American Federation of Teachers, and for many years taught English at schools in St. Paul, St. Cloud, South Korea and Yemen. Walz had solid support from teacher unions during his campaign. She honed in immediately on the challenge of combating the state's stubborn achievement gaps.
The other finalists were Mankato School District Superintendent Sheri Allen, Cass Lake-Bena School District Superintendent Rochelle Johnson, and retired Osseo School District Superintendent Kate Maguire.
To head the state office of higher education, Walz named Dennis Olson, the executive director of the Minnesota Indian Affairs Council and a former director of Indian Education at the education department. The other finalists were former state Sens. Terri Bonoff and Steve Kelley, both DFLers who represented suburban districts.
Walz also chose a new commissioner for the state Corrections Department. Two recent events have put a spotlight on the department and increased calls for more staffing in state correctional facilities. In July corrections officer Joseph Gomm was killed by an inmate at the Stillwater prison. Two months later, Oak Park Heights corrections officer Joe Parise died of a medical emergency after responding to an attack on a fellow officer.
Walz's choice for the top job is Inver Grove Heights Police Chief Paul Schnell, who has worked at several area police departments and held a lead role with the Minnesota Chiefs of Police Association during his career. That has brought him repeatedly to the state Capitol, where as commissioner he'll be before lawmakers often.
The other finalists were Prior Lake Interim police chief Booker Hodges, who had been under sheriff in the Ramsey County Sheriff's Office and Dakota County's director of community corrections Brian Kopperrud. He previously worked in the Hennepin County corrections department.
As for why he announced the corrections position on the same day as the education commissioners, Walz said the two are linked.
Salaries for commissioner-level positions range from $144,000 to $154,000 depending on the position. The pay was last increased in 2015, but those agency leaders still earn more than the governor's $127,000 pay check.
Walz named his initial five agency heads earlier in the week. He has 15 more top-level posts to fill, which he is expected to do before his Jan. 7 inauguration. But there are hundreds of other political appointments Walz will get to make — from key deputies at state agencies to citizen boards.


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RFC Abstracts
RFC7684 - OSPFv2 Prefix/Link Attribute Advertisement
OSPFv2 requires functional extension beyond what can readily be done with the fixed-format Link State Advertisements (LSAs) as described in RFC 2328. This document defines OSPFv2 Opaque LSAs based on Type-Length-Value (TLV) tuples that can be used to associate additional attributes with prefixes or links. Depending on the application, these prefixes and links may or may not be advertised in the fixed-format LSAs. The OSPFv2 Opaque LSAs are optional and fully backward compatible.
RFC7683 - Diameter Overload Indication Conveyance
This specification defines a base solution for Diameter overload control, referred to as Diameter Overload Indication Conveyance (DOIC).
RFC7682 - Considerations for Internet Routing Registries (IRRs) and Routing Policy Configuration
The purpose of this document is to catalog issues that influenced the efficacy of Internet Routing Registries (IRRs) for inter-domain routing policy specification and application in the global routing system over the past two decades. Additionally, it provides a discussion regarding which of these issues are still problematic in practice, and which are simply artifacts that are no longer applicable but continue to stifle inter-provider policy-based filtering adoption and IRR utility to this day.
RFC7681 - Email Exchange of Secondary School Transcripts
A common format simplifies exchange of secondary school academic transcripts via electronic mail. Existing standards are applied to prevent unauthorized alteration of transcript content and to deliver transcripts directly and securely from each student to his or her chosen recipients. By eliminating third-party intervention and surveillance, the defined protocol better protects student privacy and independence than does current practice.
RFC7680 - A One-Way Loss Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM)
This memo defines a metric for one-way loss of packets across Internet paths. It builds on notions introduced and discussed in the IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) Framework document, RFC 2330; the reader is assumed to be familiar with that document. This memo makes RFC 2680 obsolete.
RFC7679 - A One-Way Delay Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM)
This memo defines a metric for one-way delay of packets across Internet paths. It builds on notions introduced and discussed in the IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) Framework document, RFC 2330; the reader is assumed to be familiar with that document. This memo makes RFC 2679 obsolete.
RFC7678 - Attribute-Value Pairs for Provisioning Customer Equipment Supporting IPv4-Over-IPv6 Transitional Solutions
During the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, customer equipment may have to support one of the various transition methods that have been defined for carrying IPv4 packets over IPv6. This document enumerates the information that needs to be provisioned on a customer edge router to support a list of transition techniques based on tunneling IPv4 in IPv6, with a view to defining reusable components for a reasonable transition path between these techniques. To the extent that the provisioning is done dynamically, Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) support is needed to provide the information to the network server responsible for passing the information to the customer equipment. This document specifies Diameter (RFC 6733) Attribute-Value Pairs (AVPs) to be used for that purpose.
RFC7677 - SCRAM-SHA-256 and SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) Mechanisms
This document registers the Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) mechanisms SCRAM-SHA-256 and SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS, provides guidance for secure implementation of the original SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS mechanism, and updates the SCRAM registration procedures of RFC 5802.
RFC7676 - IPv6 Support for Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) can be used to carry any network- layer payload protocol over any network-layer delivery protocol. Currently, GRE procedures are specified for IPv4, used as either the payload or delivery protocol. However, GRE procedures are not specified for IPv6.
RFC7675 - Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Usage for Consent Freshness
To prevent WebRTC applications, such as browsers, from launching attacks by sending traffic to unwilling victims, periodic consent to send needs to be obtained from remote endpoints.
RFC7674 - Clarification of the Flowspec Redirect Extended Community
This document updates RFC 5575 ("Dissemination of Flow Specification Rules") to clarify the formatting of the BGP Flowspec Redirect Extended Community.
RFC7673 - Using DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) TLSA Records with SRV Records
The DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) specification (RFC 6698) describes how to use TLSA resource records secured by DNSSEC (RFC 4033) to associate a server's connection endpoint with its Transport Layer Security (TLS) certificate (thus enabling administrators of domain names to specify the keys used in that domain's TLS servers). However, application protocols that use SRV records (RFC 2782) to indirectly name the target server connection endpoints for a service domain name cannot apply the rules from RFC 6698. Therefore, this document provides guidelines that enable such protocols to locate and use TLSA records.
RFC7672 - SMTP Security via Opportunistic DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) Transport Layer Security (TLS)
This memo describes a downgrade-resistant protocol for SMTP transport security between Message Transfer Agents (MTAs), based on the DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) TLSA DNS record. Adoption of this protocol enables an incremental transition of the Internet email backbone to one using encrypted and authenticated Transport Layer Security (TLS).
RFC7671 - The DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) Protocol: Updates and Operational Guidance
This document clarifies and updates the DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) TLSA specification (RFC 6698), based on subsequent implementation experience. It also contains guidance for implementers, operators, and protocol developers who want to use DANE records.
RFC7670 - Generic Raw Public-Key Support for IKEv2
The Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) protocol did have support for raw public keys, but it only supported RSA raw public keys. In constrained environments, it is useful to make use of other types of public keys, such as those based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography. This document updates RFC 7296, adding support for other types of raw public keys to IKEv2.
RFC7669 - Assigning Digital Object Identifiers to RFCs
This document describes the way that Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are assigned to past and future RFCs. The DOI is a widely used system that assigns unique identifiers to digital documents that can be queried and managed in a consistent fashion.
RFC7668 - IPv6 over BLUETOOTH(R) Low Energy
Bluetooth Smart is the brand name for the Bluetooth low energy feature in the Bluetooth specification defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. The standard Bluetooth radio has been widely implemented and available in mobile phones, notebook computers, audio headsets, and many other devices. The low-power version of Bluetooth is a specification that enables the use of this air interface with devices such as sensors, smart meters, appliances, etc. The low-power variant of Bluetooth has been standardized since revision 4.0 of the Bluetooth specifications, although version 4.1 or newer is required for IPv6. This document describes how IPv6 is transported over Bluetooth low energy using IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) techniques.
RFC7667 - RTP Topologies
This document discusses point-to-point and multi-endpoint topologies used in environments based on the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). In particular, centralized topologies commonly employed in the video conferencing industry are mapped to the RTP terminology.
RFC7666 - Management Information Base for Virtual Machines Controlled by a Hypervisor
This document defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, this specifies objects for managing virtual machines controlled by a hypervisor (a.k.a. virtual machine monitor).
RFC7665 - Service Function Chaining (SFC) Architecture
This document describes an architecture for the specification, creation, and ongoing maintenance of Service Function Chains (SFCs) in a network. It includes architectural concepts, principles, and components used in the construction of composite services through deployment of SFCs, with a focus on those to be standardized in the IETF. This document does not propose solutions, protocols, or extensions to existing protocols.
RFC7664 - Dragonfly Key Exchange
This document specifies a key exchange using discrete logarithm cryptography that is authenticated using a password or passphrase. It is resistant to active attack, passive attack, and offline dictionary attack. This document is a product of the Crypto Forum Research Group (CFRG).
RFC7663 - Report from the IAB Workshop on Stack Evolution in a Middlebox Internet (SEMI)
The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) through its IP Stack Evolution program, the Internet Society, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich hosted the Stack Evolution in a Middlebox Internet (SEMI) workshop in Zurich on 26-27 January 2015 to explore the ability to evolve the transport layer in the presence of middlebox- and interface-related ossification of the stack. The goal of the workshop was to produce architectural and engineering guidance on future work to break the logjam, focusing on incrementally deployable approaches with clear incentives to deployment both on the endpoints (in new transport layers and applications) as well as on middleboxes (run by network operators). This document summarizes the contributions to the workshop and provides an overview of the discussion at the workshop, as well as the outcomes and next steps identified by the workshop. The views and positions documented in this report are those of the workshop participants and do not necessarily reflect IAB views and positions.
RFC7662 - OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection
This specification defines a method for a protected resource to query an OAuth 2.0 authorization server to determine the active state of an OAuth 2.0 token and to determine meta-information about this token. OAuth 2.0 deployments can use this method to convey information about the authorization context of the token from the authorization server to the protected resource.
RFC7661 - Updating TCP to Support Rate-Limited Traffic
This document provides a mechanism to address issues that arise when TCP is used for traffic that exhibits periods where the sending rate is limited by the application rather than the congestion window. It provides an experimental update to TCP that allows a TCP sender to restart quickly following a rate-limited interval. This method is expected to benefit applications that send rate-limited traffic using TCP while also providing an appropriate response if congestion is experienced.
RFC7660 - Diameter Congestion and Filter Attributes
This document defines optional Diameter attributes that can be used to help manage networks that use Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) or Diameter traffic filters. These new attributes allow for improved data traffic identification, support of ECN, and minimal Diameter filter administration.
RFC7659 - Definitions of Managed Objects for Network Address Translators (NATs)
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for devices implementing the Network Address Translator (NAT) function. The new MIB module defined in this document, NATV2-MIB, is intended to replace module NAT-MIB (RFC 4008). NATV2-MIB is not backwards compatible with NAT-MIB, for reasons given in the text of this document. A companion document deprecates all objects in NAT-MIB. NATV2-MIB can be used for the monitoring of NAT instances on a device capable of NAT function. Compliance levels are defined for three application scenarios: basic NAT, pooled NAT, and carrier-grade NAT (CGN).
RFC7658 - Deprecation of MIB Module NAT-MIB: Managed Objects for Network Address Translators (NATs)
This memo deprecates MIB module NAT-MIB, a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) previously defined in RFC 4008 for devices implementing Network Address Translator (NAT) function. A companion document defines a new version, NATV2-MIB, which responds to deficiencies found in module NAT-MIB and adds new capabilities.
RFC7657 - Differentiated Services (Diffserv) and Real-Time Communication
This memo describes the interaction between Differentiated Services (Diffserv) network quality-of-service (QoS) functionality and real- time network communication, including communication based on the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). Diffserv is based on network nodes applying different forwarding treatments to packets whose IP headers are marked with different Diffserv Codepoints (DSCPs). WebRTC applications, as well as some conferencing applications, have begun using the Session Description Protocol (SDP) bundle negotiation mechanism to send multiple traffic streams with different QoS requirements using the same network 5-tuple. The results of using multiple DSCPs to obtain different QoS treatments within a single network 5-tuple have transport protocol interactions, particularly with congestion control functionality (e.g., reordering). In addition, DSCP markings may be changed or removed between the traffic source and destination. This memo covers the implications of these Diffserv aspects for real-time network communication, including WebRTC.
RFC7656 - A Taxonomy of Semantics and Mechanisms for Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Sources
The terminology about, and associations among, Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) sources can be complex and somewhat opaque. This document describes a number of existing and proposed properties and relationships among RTP sources and defines common terminology for discussing protocol entities and their relationships.
RFC7655 - RTP Payload Format for G.711.0
This document specifies the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) payload format for ITU-T Recommendation G.711.0. ITU-T Rec. G.711.0 defines a lossless and stateless compression for G.711 packet payloads typically used in IP networks. This document also defines a storage mode format for G.711.0 and a media type registration for the G.711.0 RTP payload format.
RFC7654 - Benchmarking Methodology for In-Service Software Upgrade (ISSU)
Modern forwarding devices attempt to minimize any control- and data-plane disruptions while performing planned software changes by implementing a technique commonly known as In-Service Software Upgrade (ISSU). This document specifies a set of common methodologies and procedures designed to characterize the overall behavior of a Device Under Test (DUT), subject to an ISSU event.
RFC7653 - DHCPv6 Active Leasequery
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) has been extended with a Leasequery capability that allows a requestor to request information about DHCPv6 bindings. That mechanism is limited to queries for DHCPv6 binding data updates prior to the time the DHCPv6 server receives the Leasequery request. Continuous update of an external requestor with Leasequery data is sometimes desired. This document expands on the DHCPv6 Leasequery protocol and allows for active transfer of real-time DHCPv6 binding information data via TCP. This document also updates DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery (RFC 5460) by adding new options.
RFC7652 - Port Control Protocol (PCP) Authentication Mechanism
An IPv4 or IPv6 host can use the Port Control Protocol (PCP) to flexibly manage the IP address-mapping and port-mapping information on Network Address Translators (NATs) or firewalls to facilitate communication with remote hosts. However, the uncontrolled generation or deletion of IP address mappings on such network devices may cause security risks and should be avoided. In some cases, the client may need to prove that it is authorized to modify, create, or delete PCP mappings. This document describes an in-band authentication mechanism for PCP that can be used in those cases. The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is used to perform authentication between PCP devices.
RFC7651 - 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) Option for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)
This document defines two new configuration attributes for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2). These attributes can be used for carrying the IPv4 address and IPv6 address of the Proxy-Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF). When an IPsec gateway delivers these attributes to an IPsec client, the IPsec client can obtain the IPv4 and/or IPv6 address of the P-CSCF server located in the 3GPP network.
RFC7650 - A Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Usage for REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD)
This document defines a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Usage for REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD). The CoAP Usage provides the functionality to federate Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in a peer-to-peer fashion. The CoAP Usage for RELOAD allows CoAP nodes to store resources in a RELOAD peer-to-peer overlay, provides a lookup service, and enables the use of RELOAD overlay as a cache for sensor data. This functionality is implemented in the RELOAD overlay itself, without the use of centralized servers. The RELOAD AppAttach method is used to establish a direct connection between nodes through which CoAP messages are exchanged.
RFC7649 - The Jabber Scribe Role at IETF Meetings
During IETF meetings, individual volunteers often help sessions run more smoothly by relaying information back and forth between the physical meeting room and an associated textual chatroom. Such volunteers are commonly called "Jabber scribes". This document summarizes experience with the Jabber scribe role and provides some suggestions for fulfilling the role at IETF meetings.
RFC7648 - Port Control Protocol (PCP) Proxy Function
This document specifies a new Port Control Protocol (PCP) functional element: the PCP proxy. The PCP proxy relays PCP requests received from PCP clients to upstream PCP server(s). A typical deployment usage of this function is to help establish successful PCP communications for PCP clients that cannot be configured with the address of a PCP server located more than one hop away.
RFC7647 - Clarifications for the Use of REFER with RFC 6665
The SIP REFER method relies on the SIP-Specific Event Notification framework. That framework was revised by RFC 6665. This document highlights the implications of the requirement changes in RFC 6665, and updates the definition of the REFER method described in RFC 3515 to clarify and disambiguate the impact of those changes.
RFC7646 - Definition and Use of DNSSEC Negative Trust Anchors
DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is now entering widespread deployment. However, domain signing tools and processes are not yet as mature and reliable as those for non-DNSSEC-related domain administration tools and processes. This document defines Negative Trust Anchors (NTAs), which can be used to mitigate DNSSEC validation failures by disabling DNSSEC validation at specified domains.
RFC7645 - The Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocol (KARP) IS-IS Security Analysis
This document analyzes the current state of the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) protocol according to the requirements set forth in "Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guidelines" (RFC 6518) for both manual and automated key management protocols.
RFC7644 - System for Cross-domain Identity Management: Protocol
The System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM) specification is an HTTP-based protocol that makes managing identities in multi-domain scenarios easier to support via a standardized service. Examples include, but are not limited to, enterprise-to-cloud service providers and inter-cloud scenarios. The specification suite seeks to build upon experience with existing schemas and deployments, placing specific emphasis on simplicity of development and integration, while applying existing authentication, authorization, and privacy models. SCIM's intent is to reduce the cost and complexity of user management operations by providing a common user schema, an extension model, and a service protocol defined by this document.
RFC7643 - System for Cross-domain Identity Management: Core Schema
The System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM) specifications are designed to make identity management in cloud-based applications and services easier. The specification suite builds upon experience with existing schemas and deployments, placing specific emphasis on simplicity of development and integration, while applying existing authentication, authorization, and privacy models. Its intent is to reduce the cost and complexity of user management operations by providing a common user schema and extension model as well as binding documents to provide patterns for exchanging this schema using HTTP.
RFC7642 - System for Cross-domain Identity Management: Definitions, Overview, Concepts, and Requirements
This document provides definitions and an overview of the System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM). It lays out the system's concepts, models, and flows, and it includes user scenarios, use cases, and requirements.
RFC7641 - Observing Resources in the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a RESTful application protocol for constrained nodes and networks. The state of a resource on a CoAP server can change over time. This document specifies a simple protocol extension for CoAP that enables CoAP clients to "observe" resources, i.e., to retrieve a representation of a resource and keep this representation updated by the server over a period of time. The protocol follows a best-effort approach for sending new representations to clients and provides eventual consistency between the state observed by each client and the actual resource state at the server.
RFC7640 - Traffic Management Benchmarking
This framework describes a practical methodology for benchmarking the traffic management capabilities of networking devices (i.e., policing, shaping, etc.). The goals are to provide a repeatable test method that objectively compares performance of the device's traffic management capabilities and to specify the means to benchmark traffic management with representative application traffic.
RFC7639 - The ALPN HTTP Header Field
This specification allows HTTP CONNECT requests to indicate what protocol is intended to be used within the tunnel once established, using the ALPN header field.
RFC7638 - JSON Web Key (JWK) Thumbprint
This specification defines a method for computing a hash value over a JSON Web Key (JWK). It defines which fields in a JWK are used in the hash computation, the method of creating a canonical form for those fields, and how to convert the resulting Unicode string into a byte sequence to be hashed. The resulting hash value can be used for identifying or selecting the key represented by the JWK that is the subject of the thumbprint.
RFC7637 - NVGRE: Network Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation
This document describes the usage of the Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) header for Network Virtualization (NVGRE) in multi-tenant data centers. Network Virtualization decouples virtual networks and addresses from physical network infrastructure, providing isolation and concurrency between multiple virtual networks on the same physical network infrastructure. This document also introduces a Network Virtualization framework to illustrate the use cases, but the focus is on specifying the data-plane aspect of NVGRE.
RFC7636 - Proof Key for Code Exchange by OAuth Public Clients
OAuth 2.0 public clients utilizing the Authorization Code Grant are susceptible to the authorization code interception attack. This specification describes the attack as well as a technique to mitigate against the threat through the use of Proof Key for Code Exchange (PKCE, pronounced "pixy").
RFC7635 - Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Extension for Third-Party Authorization
This document proposes the use of OAuth 2.0 to obtain and validate ephemeral tokens that can be used for Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) authentication. The usage of ephemeral tokens ensures that access to a STUN server can be controlled even if the tokens are compromised.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tom Blackwood, M-A Class of 1955 and Hall of Fame inductee in 1997, passed away on Sept. 16, 2018 from complications from pneumonia. He was 81 years old. Tom was a proud Bear his entire life and often made phone calls to our Athletic Directors to express just this…that he read about our football or basketball team and to make sure to tell the coach great job and keep up all the good work. Tom was an accomplished Three-Sport athlete at M-A (football, basketball, track), and graduated in 1955. He went on to coach at Miramonte High School for almost 40 years. His passion for sport and dedication to his athletes was second to none, and the M-A community will miss him dearly. Rest in Peace, Coach Blackwood!!!
Click below for an article from the San Francisco Chronicle.


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The Trustee Board meets quarterly and is responsible for strategy, governance and overall financial accountability for Chain of Hope.
Dr Gavin Wright, Chairman
Dr Wright co-founded Chain of Hope with Sir Magdi in 1995 and has led some 30 overseas medical missions. Dr Wright has sat on the Board of Trustees form the beginning and was voted Chairman in 2012. In 2007, Dr Gavin Wright was nominated for one of the heroes of the year in The Independent, highlighting the exceptional lengths he takes in his overseas voluntary work with Chain of Hope.
Born and raised in Zimbabwe, Dr Wright graduated in Medicine from the University of Rhodesia and went on to specialise in Anaethesia in South Africa working with greats such as Christian Bernhart. Moving to the UK in 1986, Dr Wright has worked on the world's leading transplant programme of its time at Harefield Hospital alongside Sir Magdi Yacoub. Since living in the UK, Dr Wright has worked at some of the top hospitals for paediatric and cardiac care including Great Ormond Street Hospital, The Royal Brompton and Harefield Trust, Papworth Hospital and the Heart Hospital.
Professor Victor Tsang, Vice Chairman
Noted as one of the UK's top 100 surgeons in the Sunday Times, 2005, Professor Tsang joined the Board of Trustees in 2007 after volunteering as a specialist surgeon and project lead for the charity's programme in Jamaica. Professor Tsang is the chief of paediatric cardiothoracic surgery at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and specialises in neonatal cardiac surgery as well as GUCH surgery.
Professor Tsang remains extremely active in all areas of his speciality having published hundreds of articles on the topic as well as lecturing widely around the world, including co-authoring the manual on congenital heart disease (CHD) with Professor Marc de Leval, a book that has turned into the bible of diagnostics for CHD worldwide.
Mr Jonathan Danos
Jonathan Danos has an international background in as much as he has an English Mother and a Hungarian father, was born in Cyprus and was brought up in Jamaica as a child. He attended boarding school in the UK and then completed his Spanish Studies in Madrid. After extensive travels in South America, in 1981 he became director of sales for Latin America and Portuguese speaking Africa, for a UK company specialising in the manufacture and supply of the world famous "Bailey Bridge". In the year 2000 he was awarded an MBE for "Services to British Export in Central and South America". In 2003 he set up his own company 3S Bridge LLC and has supplied both panel bridges and flyover bridges in Latin America and the Caribbean. His company is also actively engaged in Uganda and the Far East.
His involvement in Chain of Hope started when he first saw a seven year Ethiopian girl just before her heart operation in London. He realised this was not just another picture in a charity brochure, but a real child in need. He first became a sponsor, then assisted in a mission to Panama, and is greatly looking forward to redoubling his efforts as a Trustee.
Mr Jason Edel
Jason is an English qualified solicitor with 18 years of professional experience and acts as the EMEA General Counsel for a large banking group in the asset management sector.
Jason's involvement with Chain of Hope was borne out of his wish to deploy his legal skills in the charity sector for the benefit of others, something he wished to do for many years and which would compliment his professional commitments. When looking for the "right" trustee position, he was drawn towards the healthcare sector. There was a great need and an opportunity to work with others and make a meaningful impact. Jason sought suggestions from wife, also someone working in paediatric healthcare sector, about the many fantastic charities and at this point, he was made aware of the wonderful work undertaken by Chain of Hope.
The skills obtained from many years in legal practice allow Jason to bring a fresh perspectives to the Board. In particular, a keen eye for legal, reputational and operational risk as well as a non-medical view on key issues which the charity considers in its operation.
Professor Vibeke Hjortdal
Vibeke first became involved with Chain of Hope in 2009 when she was invited to participate in a surgical mission to Jamaica. Vibeke Hjortdal is Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, specializing in congenital heart diseases. She holds a PhD and is a Doctor of Medical Sciences. Professor Hjortdal has been knighted by the Queen of Denmark and is a member of the Order of the Dannebrog.
Dr Alan Magee
Dr Magee undertook his medical degree at Queen's University, Belfast. Following this Dr Magee trained at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, one of the largest and most prestigious children's hospitals in the world, where he specialised in the catheter treatment of children with congenital heart disease.
After working 13 years as Consultant Paediatric Cardiologist at The Royal Brompton and Harefield Trust, in 2013 Dr Magee was appointed Consultant Paediatric Cardiologist at Southampton University Hospital. Dr Magee has been involved with Chain of Hope for many years not only serving on the Board of Trustees but also through undertaking overseas missions, and through his involvement in the Child Referral Board which he chaired for five years.
In particular Dr Magee instigated the training of two cardiologists from Jamaica and worked with The Royal Brompton Hospital and Chain of Hope to create two cardiology fellowships. Dr Magee continues to mentor these two cardiologists at the Bustamante Hospital for Children, Jamaica, through regular visits to the hospital.
Ms Maura O'Callaghan
Maura is a Lead Nurse ECMO at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children. Maura sits on the Chain of Hope Nursing Board and also directs nursing training programmes in Ethiopia, Jamaica and Uganda.
Sustainability, quality and local ownership are paramount for the success of the cardiac programme, therefore submission of the cardiac training programme is made to the local ministry of health for approval. Local nurse educators are supported with training and development to maintain their local cardiac training programmes.
Mrs Louise Perry, Treasurer
Louise is a chartered accountant with 30 years of experience in a Big Four audit firm and in the finance team of a pharmaceutical group.
Louise brings to the charity strong legal, commercial and risk awareness, which is critical to the strategic functioning of the charity now and in the future. Louise's awareness of financial processes and controls matched with her knowledge of charity accounting is an excellent asset for the charity.
Professor Sir Magdi Yacoub OM, Founder and President
A world pioneer in heart surgery, Sir Magdi recently received the highest award possible from Her Majesty the Queen, the Order of Merit, for his service to humanitarian work and the fight against cardiovascular disease. Sir Magdi is also a Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Imperial College London and Director of the Magdi Yacoub Research Network which has created the Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre in collaboration with the Qatar Foundation and Hamad Medical Corporate.
Dedicated to global healthcare delivery, Sir Magdi founded Chain of Hope in the UK in 1995, focusing on Jamaica and Egypt. Since then Sir Magdi has grown the organisation through his network of world class specialists who join in his humanitarian work to help patients in need and to pursue the vision of creating sustainable cardiac centres for countries' neglected regions.
Trustee Board
Meet the mentors


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Coeligetes es un género de escarabajos  de la familia Chrysomelidae. En 1884 Jacoby describió el género. Contiene las siguientes especies:

 Coeligetes borneensis Mohamedsaid, 1994
 Coeligetes robustus (Allard, 1889)
 Coeligetes submetallica (Jacoby, 1884)
 Coeligetes unicolor (Jacoby, 1895)
 Coeligetes wilcoxi Mohamedsaid, 1994

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


on real life campaigns under the guidance of experienced mentors.
disciplines including theory, philosophy and professional practice.
to contextualise the students' understanding of the profession of design.
for innovative and appropriate design education.
most beautiful city in the world.
APPLICATIONS FOR 2020 ENROLMENT OPEN.
If you wish to visit the campus on other times, please email info@ctca.co.za to make an appointment.
The Cape Town Creative Academy is an independent, progressive school of art and design that offers transdisciplinary degree programmes shaped by the complex demands of the contemporary information economy.
The CTCA admits applicants based on their academic record, artistic inclination and general aptitude. The CTCA is guided by and adheres to the guidelines presented by the Department of Education and the recommendations on the senior certificate regarding Higher Education and Matriculation exemption.
The BA Communication Design degree prepares students for a career in various areas of the print-design sector. Students engage with various tools, techniques and processes, aimed at establishing successful visual communication in print media.
The BA Interaction Design degree prepares students for a career in the design and implementation of media for various platforms such as web, mobile, tablet and touch-screen. Students are presented with the various applications, workflow methodologies and coding languages that are necessary to successfully develop media for on-screen communication.
The BA Motion Design degree integrates both theoretical and practical components in order to equip students with creative thinking strategies, understanding of the principles of narratology and technical knowledge – necessary to deliver professional, audiovisual outcomes within a time-based medium.
This unique degree is the first Bachelor of Arts in Contemporary Art programme in South Africa, and was developed in direct response to the evolving needs and demands of the regional, national and international art world and its many diverse sectors.
The Cape Town Creative Academy is located in the hub of creative development in Woodstock, on the eastern fringe of Cape Town's city centre. The CTCA is part of a dynamic, creative community that includes some of South Africa's top design studios, advertising agencies, publishing houses and internationally esteemed galleries and art dealers.


Baby needs information and resource guide.
Prospective parents must prepare a place in their home and consider what equipment they will need for their new baby. They must also choose a first name, and perhaps a middle name, for their baby. Baby nursery and baby transport equipment can be selected at both local and online baby stores; many of these feature baby gift registries where parents can create baby shower wish lists for interested family and friends to shop from. Baby product choices are virtually limitless, but parents who are fortunate enough to know the gender of their baby ahead of time, via an ultrasound, can at least limit their choices to gender-specific items!
Before their baby is born, Dads and Moms may wish to consider some names and browse through this name meanings website, which lists about a thousand of the most common first names, along with their meanings and ethnic backgrounds. Parents who know (or think they know) the gender of their expected newborn child can visit these boy name and girl name websites, where they can choose names they like before the baby boy or baby girl is born.
Selecting a baby crib can take some time, because there is a wide selection of styles, materials, and colors from which to choose. Safety issues may be a consideration before you decide to use an older crib. Crib bedding sets and baby blankets are available in many fabrics and styles. A personalized or handmade baby blanket can be a welcome baby shower gift.
A backpack-style baby carrier is useful for treks through the countryside, but most baby transport needs can be addressed by means of strollers and protective car seats. Baby strollers come in various colors for boys or girls, and some strollers can be configured for one or two babies. Some lightweight strollers fold compactly, while other strollers have larger wheels for all-terrain access. Laws require car safety seats for all babies traveling in motor vehicles. As babies become toddlers, they will need to sit in booster seats while riding in a car. Statistics show that these car seats do save lives.
Alphabetized lists of, and links to, baby product manufacturers throughout the United States are available on this manufacturer directory.
Baby-related video resources include a baby boy watching a mobile and a father pushing a baby stroller through a park, accompanied by his daughter and a little black dog.
Copyright © 2016 Zeducorp. All rights reserved.


text:
Watch deleted video of Nigel Farage thanking Steve Bannon and Breitbart for Brexit
PUBLISHED: 14:26 06 April 2018 | UPDATED: 11:31 12 April 2018
Former Ukip leader Nigel Farage
A video of Nigel Farage thanking Steve Bannon and Breitbart for the Brexit referendum result has disappeared from YouTube following the Cambridge Analytica scandal.
The short clip shows the former Ukip leader holding a pint of beer and saying: "Well done Bannon, well done Breitbart. You helped with this. Hugely."
Mr Bannon has deep ties to data firm Cambridge Analytica, which has come under scrutiny for using the Facebook data of 50m people without permission.
The video was shot on March 29 last year to mark the triggering of Article 50 by prime minister Theresa May and uploaded to YouTube. It was embedded in an article - still available on the site - with the quote in its headline.
Breitbart have said the video was not from an official Breitbart London YouTube channel and was subsequently deleted, among a group of others, by whoever controls that YouTube page.
The article begins: "As the Prime Minister's Article 50 letter made its way to Brussels, Brexit campaign leader Nigel Farage paid 'a personal tribute and thank you' to former Breitbart boss Stephen K. Bannon for the role he played in securing victory for the Leave campaign in the European Union (EU) referendum."
It goes on to say that Mr Farage "took the opportunity to pay tribute to Breitbart News Network in general and former Executive Chairman Stephen K. Bannon, now a leading figure within President Donald J. Trump's administration, in particular, for giving eurosceptic voices shut out by the establishment media a platform where they could speak to the public".
Mr Bannon has since been sacked by Mr Trump. He returned to Breitbart as executive chairman but stepped down in January this year.
In the article, Mr Farage says: "One of the very important things that happened is, because we had the entire media against us, and not even willing to give us a fair hearing, I think when Bannon opened up the Breitbart office in London and began to give the arguments that I was making a fair hearing, and very quickly, as Breitbart does well, started to reach a very, very big audience.
"I think actually on this great Brexit day I have to say a personal thank you and tribute to Steve Bannon for having the foresightedness of doing that with Breitbart, and I'm extremely grateful."
The embedded video remains in the article but now says "this video is unavailable".
Mr Bannon has sought to distance himself from Cambridge Analytica amid an outcry over its misuse of Facebook data, which compromised the personal information of roughly 50m users.
He has claimed that he "doesn't remember" buying the data, although he was serving on the firm's board at the time. He has instead blamed "the Cambridge guy," referring to former Cambridge University professor Aleksandr Kogan, the researcher at the centre of the scandal.
It has emerged that data from the profiles were looked at against the electoral register, and then used to build an algorithm which analyses people's personalities in relation to their voting behaviour.
This could then be used to target potential swing voters with messages tailored to influence them politically.
The video has been removed following a copyright claim from Breitbart


text:
Charles Bramesco
Hugh Hefner, Playboy's Impresario of Pleasure, Dies at 91
The emperor of planet Playboy made the world a safer place for sex, leaving behind a complicated legacy.
Utah Theater Wins Right to Liquor Up 'Deadpool' Attendees
An obscure law prevented theaters from pairing alcohol with R-rated films — until now.
Bat-Signal to Shine for Adam West Over Los Angeles Tonight
Here's how thoroughly Batman's influence has permeated the mainstream: he's claimed tacit ownership of the very notion of shining a light into the sky. The Bat-Signal, introduced in the comics as Gotham City's method of summoning the Dark Knight, has been endlessly parodied in the annals of pop-culture — just earlier this month, the poster for Captain Underpants paid homage to the iconic (a word I mean here literally, and not in the 'a photo of the Kardashians' sense) design of the skyward spotlight. And all too appropriately, the Bat-Signal will now be used to give one former Batman, the dearly departed Adam West, a proper send-off.
Jackie Chan and Sylvester Stallone Will Fight the Terrorists in 'Ex-Baghdad'
Martial arts expert and outspoken proponent of condom usage Jackie Chan is at it again, raring and ready to kick some enemy buttock even as he ages into his mid-sixties. The actor has kept up a steady stream of feature work (only some of which requires him to play chauffeur to a real live lion) and is currently preparing to re-mount his his kids' cartoon series The Jackie Chan Adventures, but ever the work-horse, Chan's just announced another new project. And what's more, his next mission will pair him with a partner all too familiar to Eastern and Western audiences alike.
Auto Parts Website Offers a 'Back to the Future' Flux Capacitor
As an avowed walker and train-taker, I'm not much of a car guy, personally. But I know a thing or two — I can change a flat tire, correctly identify where jumper cables should be clamped, and I know enough that anyone who offers to sell you a 'flux capacitor' is having a laugh at your expense. The auto part was imagineered (a make-believe word for 'invented' that the folks at Disney originally imagineered) for Back to the Future, the all-important component that gives Marty McFly's Delorean the power to traverse time. And now, you too can attempt to flaunt the laws of metaphysics by souping out your ride of choice (imagine how a silent, time-traveling Prius would freak out people in the '50s) with your very own flux capacitor.
Disney Announces 'Star Wars: The Last Jedi' Force Friday Details
We've still got months to go until Star Wars: The Last Jedi takes over cineplexes, but the people are hungry. By this time last year, we had already gotten our first teaser for Rogue One, and the barbarians are pounding on the gates demanding fresh material. Sure, Lucasfilm could placate their more rabid fans by pulling back the curtain on one of the new toy lines that will accompany the December release, but that's thinking small, and Lucasfilm doesn't do small. You want to see the new toys? Well tough tauntauns, because all you're getting today is a look at the box they're coming in. Here is that box:
Hear John Legend and Ariana Grande Belting in Final 'Beauty and the Beast' Trailer
About a month and a half separate the viewing public from the much-hyped live-action remake of Disney's essential fairytale Beauty and the Beast. While regular TV viewers and net-surfers can look forward to an uninterrupted stream of commercials and ads until then, Disney has given one last push of publicity today with the final trailer promoting their handsomely-appointed new film. And as if to sweeten the deal, they included a snippet of the previously announced re-recording of the majestic theme tune, as sung by La La Land jazz-diluter John Legend and travel-size pop starlet Ariana Grande.
Universal Sets Release Dates for 'Minions 2,' 'Secret Life of Pets 2,' 'Sing 2'
Look, you can't blame a studio for taking notice when something is working and wanting to replicate their own success. Sequels wouldn't get greenlit unless someone, somewhere, wanted them. It makes perfect fiscal sense for upstart animation studio Illumination to follow up on their blockbusters Minions, The Secret Life of Pets, and Sing. But, god, did they have to announce them all at once like that?
It's Official: 'Star Wars: Episode VIII' Is Titled 'The Last Jedi'
We've got 11 long months to go before anyone will get a look at Star Wars: Episode VIII, so Lucasfilm has tried to pace itself with leaking details of the hotly anticipated upcoming release. Today, however, they dropped a big one: on the official Star Wars web site, a new announcement revealed the subtitle for the eighth installment in what the site refers to as "the Skywalker saga." The post declared, "We have the greatest fans in this or any other galaxy. In appreciation of the fans, we wanted them to be the first to know the title of the next chapter in the Skywalker saga: STAR WARS: THE LAST JEDI."
Apple Plans to Break Into Hollywood with Original Movies and TV Shows
Chances are, you're currently reading these words on a phone, computer, or tablet manufactured by Apple. Maybe on your morning commute, you listen to music downloaded from the ITunes Music Store. If you are an on-the-go sort of person who's not afraid to be made fun of, you may have an Apple Watch wrapped around your wrist right now. The tech giant's influence has permeated so many facets of modern life, and as we patiently await Apple's big foray into the burgeoning field of teledildonics, they've announced plans to plant their flag on one more heated battlefield.


Glass Nose Rings - We offer several styles of glass nose rings for traditional nostril piercings, including clear glass nose piercing retainers and colorful glass nose rings. We also offer several glass nose ring options for septum piercings, including glass tusks and glass septum retainers. No matter which option you choose, you'll be styling with one of our glass nose rings in your nostril or septum piercing! Plus, our glass nose rings make incredibly comfortable nose piercing jewelry.
Note: If you'd like to have us sterilize your glass nose rings before shipping them to you, simply add one of our "Sterilize My Jewelry" products to cart for each glass nose ring or piece of glass septum jewelry you purchase.


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text:
Another Opposition Pillar Is Gone
in Editorial — by Musa Saidykhan — August 22, 2016
The death of another opposition strong pillar has once again vindicated critics that the Jammeh government does not care about human life. One does not expect another detainee in state custody to die recklessly. Gambians expect hard lessons to be learnt from unexplained cold-blooded murders of opposition activist Ebrima Solo Sandeng and trade unionist Sheriff Dibba.
The death of Ebrima Solo Krummah, the deputy chairman of the United Democratic Party in Sandu, was too shocking for anyone to accept. The government waited until Krummah's sickness went out of control before rushing him to the hospital. And to add fuel to the burning fire, Krummah's family and party officials were denied access to him. He was denied food and medication provided by his family. Krummah's family was not also contacted for approval before conducting a survey that took his life was conducted on him. Who then can convince Gambians that their government values human life? So many Gambian lives have been wasted by a government whose leadership swore to protect even children yet to be born.
The two latest victims – Ebrima Solo Sandeng and Ebrima Krummah's – have died defending the rights of their oppressed people. The duowill be remembered for their bravery and selfishness in their efforts to free Gambians from the yokes of slavery. Unfortunately, the government has so far not set up a Coroner's Inquest to probe into these deaths. What Yahya Jammeh and his partners in crime does not understand is that people are taking note of all their crimes. So no attempt to bury evidence will succeed.
Krummah was arrested, detained and arraigned in court for protesting against an illegal crackdown on the UDP. Krummah and his May 9th protesters were denied bail and remanded in both Jan Jan Bureh and Mile II Central Prisons. His cell mates described the Sandi Darsilameh native as "very pious, faithful down to earth man."
Krummah's call to Gambians on May 9th was clear: come out and fight against dictatorship in our country. All Gambians should come out and fight for our rights to remove this dictatorial government and replace it with a government that will respect human rights of all Gambians," he said. "All Gambians live in fear but we must rise up in large numbers which is how we will achieve our goal."


text:
Q: PHP Paypal API: How to Capture Authorized Payment Partially? I'm able to Authorize & Capture Payment.
https://developer.paypal.com/docs/api/payments/#authorization_capture
My Order's Authorize Amount Is: 100
$data = '{
            "amount": {
            "currency": "USD",
            "total": "10"
            },
            "is_final_capture": false
          }';

Below API i'm using
https://api.sandbox.paypal.com/v1/payments/authorization/<authorizationId>/capture

I'm only Capturing 10 USD & Marking is_final_capture as false. It mark as Completed Order.
When I run again with 90 USD it says
stdClass Object
(
    [name] => PAYMENT_ALREADY_DONE
    [message] => Payment has been done already for this cart.
    [information_link] => https://developer.paypal.com/docs/api/payments/#errors
    [debug_id] => ce22df5392497
)

On Sandbox it mark as order Completed
How to Capture Pending 90 USD?

A: Thanks to @Tejas & it works
1st Time you can Capture with below ones
$data = '{
            "amount": {
            "currency": "USD",
            "total": "10"
            }
          }';

2nd Time you can Capture with below ones
$data = '{
            "amount": {
            "currency": "USD",
            "total": "90"
            },
           "is_final_capture": true
          }';

On above way you can Capture Authorized Payment Partially

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


CharTec (CharTec, we, us, or our) is committed to protecting the privacy of the information you share with us when you access and use our websites, applications, products, events, services and other offerings (Services). This policy describes how we collect, use and share the personally identifiable information (PII) you provide to us when you register or contract with us to receive a Service.
Once you have registered or otherwise interacted with us, we create a profile for you. We keep your profile up to date by adding information about your registrations or subscriptions, the events you attend, the content you access, how you interact with our offerings, and the like. In order to offer you a more consistent and personalized experience in your interactions with us, information collected through one CharTec Service may be combined with information obtained through other CharTec Services.
We also may receive information about you from external sources that are not affiliated with CharTec and add that to the information you have provided to us. For example, we may expand our communities by acquiring names and contact details from other sources that compile contact information. This information might be public information or data you provided to others with authorizations to share it with third parties.
We use information gathered through these tools for our internal security audit log, for trend analysis and system administration, to gather broad information about our audiences and their geographic locations, and to otherwise improve the Services. By allowing us to understand how you use our Services, these tools can help us provide you with a better, more relevant online experience.
We may also employ web beacons from companies not owned by or affiliated with CharTec (third parties) in order to help us compile aggregated statistics regarding the effectiveness of our promotional campaigns or other operations of our Services. In addition, we may work with third-party advertising companies to target and serve advertising you see on the Services or on third-party sites based on preferences gleaned from such technologies.
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