text:
AboutContactsМедуза по-русски
The Real Russia, Today
Journalist from popular Russian Telegram channel is arrested for alleged forgery, as police seize the outlet's computers
On May 8, police arrested Mikhail Kumbrov, the producer of the Telegram news channel Mash, on charges of document forgery, sources told the news agencies Interfax, TASS, and RBC. Kumbrov now faces up to six months in prison, up to two years of community service, or a fine as high as 80,000 rubles ($1,225). Maxim Iskanov, Mash's CEO and co-owner, has confirmed that police have opened a criminal investigation, but he hasn't clarified the exact charges.
According to media reports, Kumbrov used phony documents to try to obtain a recording of the final communications between dispatchers at Sheremetyevo airport and the pilots of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 who made an emergency landing on May 5, which led to a massive fire on board that killed 41 people. Kumbrov allegedly emailed the request to the Moscow Center for Automated Air Traffic Control, posing as an official in the Attorney General's Office. According to RBC, the center's security service flagged the request as "suspicious." Doubting the email's authenticity, air traffic control authorities asked Kumbrov to resubmit his request in person. When he showed up, police arrested him.
Mash CEO and co-owner Maxim Iskanov told RBC that he knows nothing about any document forgery. "My staff don't do that kind of thing. Mash is a well enough respected and known publication that we're not afraid to send these requests in our own name," he said. Iskanov told Interfax that Kumbrov was arrested while meeting with sources involved in Mash's investigation into the SSJ100 tragedy.
Iskanov also says police held Kumbrov for eight hours before they allowed him to speak to a lawyer. In a Telegram post on May 10, Mash reported that Kumbrov is being held at a temporary detention center. A day earlier, law enforcement officials raided Mash's newsroom. The channel says officials seized all its computer equipment and spent about six hours interrogating several staff members. "They threatened them, and they pressured them, and they tried to extract information from them that they couldn't possibly have," Mash said in a public statement.
After the raid, Iskanov said in a video that Mash's reporting methods "are unpopular with many people." Following stories that police have launched a criminal case against Mikhail Kumbrov, Mash announced on Telegram that it "won't stop reporting the news or speaking the truth."
Mash is one of the most popular Telegram channels in Russia. According to the website Tgstat (which ranks Telegram channels in five different languages), Mash is Russia's third-largest audience on Telegram. Launched in March 2017, the channel currently has more than 572,600 subscribers. One of Mash's first investors was News Media founder Aram Gabrelyanov, but he cashed out in April 2018, selling his shares back to Mash's management.
Alexander Baklanov
Translation by Kevin Rothrock
© 2020 Meduza. All rights reserved


text:
Q: How to redirect user with database callback function - HAPI I want my user to be shown a loading icon until the database responds, then be redirected to the correct page.
My code is along the lines of:
// handler
function handler(request, reply) {
  reply.view('loading') // show loading with css

  // do database stuff...

  // database callback function
  function db_callback_function() {
    reply.redirect('user/page') // after db responds, redirect.
  }
}

Hapi says that I can only use the reply interface once:
Unhandled promise rejection (rejection id: 1): Error: reply interface called twice

So how can I redirect my user after the database loads?
Edit: I know that I need to show the loader using front end. I just don't know how my back end would tell my front end when to redirect.

A: One request can only respond once.
You should do the "loading stuff" on your frontend side not backend.
So when you sent an HTTP request you should mark your state as loading.
For your example code, server code should modify to:
// handler
function handler(request, reply) {
  // reply.view('loading') <- REMOVE THIS LINE

  // do database stuff...

  // database callback function
  function db_callback_function() {
    reply.redirect('user/page')
  }
}

In that case, when your frontend received the response, then it will redirect to the appropriate page.

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Characterization of virulence factors of Salmonella isolated from human stools and street food in urban areas of Burkina Faso
Marguerite E. M. Nikiema1,2,3,
Solange Kakou-ngazoa2,
Absatou Ky/Ba4,
Aboubacar Sylla2,
Evariste Bako1,
Ameyo Yayra Audrey Addablah2,
Jean Bienvenue Ouoba1,
Emmanuel Sampo1,5,
Kobo Gnada6,
Oumarou Zongo7,
Kuan Abdoulaye Traoré1,
Adama Sanou6,8,
Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou1,
Rasmata Ouédraogo9,
Nicolas Barro1 &
Lassana Sangaré3
BMC Microbiology volume 21, Article number: 338 (2021) Cite this article
This study was undertaken to identify and functionally characterize virulence genes from Salmonella isolates in street food and stool cultures. From February 2017 to May 2018, clinical and food Salmonella strains were isolated in three regions in Burkina Faso. Salmonella was serotyped according to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detec invA, spvR, spvC, fimA and stn virulence genes commonly associated with salmonellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa.
A total of 106 Salmonella isolates (77 human stools; 14 sandwiches) was analyzed using a serological identification with an O-group test reagent. The presence of Salmonella was confirmed in 86% (91/106) of the samples were reactive (OMA-positive/OMB-positive). Salmonella serogroup O:4,5 was the most common serogroup detected (40%; 36/91). Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium represented 5.5% (5/91) and 3.3% (3/91), respectively and were identified only from clinical isolates. Furthermore, 14 serotypes of Salmonella (12/91 human strains and 2/15 sandwich strains) were evocative of Kentucky/Bargny serotype. For the genetic profile, 66% (70/106) of the Salmonella had invA and stn genes; 77.4% (82/106) had the fimA gene. The spvR gene was found in 36.8% (39/106) of the isolates while 48.1% (51/106) had the spvC gene. Among the identified Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from stools, the virulence genes detected were invA (3/5) versus (2/3), fimA (4/5) versus (3/3), stn (3/5) versus (2/3), spvR (4/5) versus (2/3) and spvC (3/5) versus (2/3), respectively.
This study reports the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes and virulence genes in clinical isolates and in street foods. It shows that food could be a significant source of Salmonella transmission to humans. Our results could help decision-making by the Burkina Faso health authority in the fight against street food-related diseases, in particular by training restaurateurs in food hygiene.
Salmonella is one of the most problematic foodborne and zoonotic pathogens that threaten general health and well-being [1]. Salmonella remains the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis and is also one of the most extensively studied and well-characterized bacterial species [2]. In spite of that Salmonella continue to be remains an important human pathogen and a serious public health concern worldwide [3]. Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella, manifests mainly as mild diarrhea, also known as food poisoning [4].
In Europe, the number of non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) is estimated at 690 cases per 100,000 inhabitants [5], and in the United States, 17.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year [6]. In 2019, pathogens responsible for foodborne diseases, including Salmonella enterica (non-typhoid), caused 230,000 deaths in Africa [7]. In resource-limited countries, particularly in Sub-saharan Africa, NTS is endemic, with high rates in children under 3 years of age and immunocompromised individuals [8, 9]. These diseases have a significant negative economic impact in resource-limited countries amounting to $ 110 billion per year [10].
The pathogenicity of Salmonella is mediated by numerous genes comprising invA, fimA, stn, spvR, spvC, spiC and pipD [11]. The invasion gene (invA), located on the pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), has been widely studied for its ability to promote virulence and also as a biomarker for the detection of Salmonella spp. [12]. The invA gene of Salmonella is also involved invasion of host epithelial cells [13, 14]. The Salmonella stn gene encode for an enterotoxin stn and is associated with infection with the serotypes of Salmonella Typhi, Typhimurium and Enteritidis [15]. Salmonella enterotoxin (stn) gene is a clinical important biomarker which is use to differentiate Salmonella enterica strains (stn+), from in Salmonella bongori and other Enterobacteriaceae [15]. The fimbriae (fimA) are Salmonella filamentous surface structures that contribute to colonization of the epithelium cells [16]. Salmonella virulence plasmids have been considered as a characteristic of Salmonella serotypes implicated in systemic disease. The Salmonella virulence plasmid carry several key virulence factors, including the spvABCD system and its spvR regulator, which are essential for systemic virulence [17]. These genes are also sufficient to restore systemic virulence in plasmid hardened strains [18]. Although Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness in developing countries, there is a scarcity of data on street found intake and Salmonella related diseases which undermined the real impact of salmonellosis on population health [19]. Other non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars can also cause systemic infections, also known as invasive NTS (iNTS) disease [19,20,21]. This is predominantly due to the emergence of invasive clones of Enteritidis [22] and Typhimurium [23] serotypes that have spread throughout Africa. Despite being a serious public health concern, there are very few studies on salmonellosis, associated with food-borne illness, similarly, data on Salmonella virulence genes remain limited in Burkina Faso [24]. On the other hand, studies have been reported on the resistance genes of these bacteria [25, 26]. Therefore, there is a need to improve our understanding on the pathogenicity of these bacteria in regards to virulence genes and their impact on human health in Burkina Faso. This work aimed to address this lack of data on salmonellosis through determination of the prevalence of virulence genes of Salmonella strains isolated from street food and human stools in Burkina Faso.
Site and period of the study
Samples were collected from February 2017 to May 2018 in Ouagadougou the capital, and Bobo-Dioulasso and Koudougou located in West and mid-western parts of Burkina Faso (Fig. 1).
Geographic map of sample collection sites (health facilities and food sites)
Sample's collection
Eighty-five (85) samples of ready-to-eat beef sandwiches were purchased in Ouagadougou and transported to the laboratory in a + 4 °C cooler for microbiological analysis. Analysis was carried out within 2 h after sampling. Ninety-one (91) Salmonella clinical strains, isolated from diarrheal stools samples from inpatients and out patients were collected from seven health care facilities in urban areas of three regions of Burkina Faso. Central region/Ouagadougou ("Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO)", "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles De Gaulle (CHU-PCDG)", "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bogodogo (CHU-B)", "Hôpital Protestant Schiphra" and "Laboratoire d'analyse médical du Centre"), Hauts-Bassins region/ Bobo-Dioulasso ("Centre MURAZ") and center-west region/ Koudougou ("Centre Hospitalier Régional de Koudougou").
Sandwich samples were analyzed at the "Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo)".
Microbiological analyzes
Salmonella strains were isolated from eighty-five (85) samples of ready-to-eat beef sandwiches using ISO 6579-1:2017 standard - Horizontal method for Salmonella detection of Salmonella [27]. The Ninety-one (91) Salmonella clinical isolates collected from health facilities of three cities in Burkina Faso (83 in Ouagadougou, 2 in Koudougou and 6 in Bobo-Dioulasso) were submitted to API 20E identification system of Biomérieux France at the CHU-YO laboratory for verify that they are indeed Salmonella strains.
Pre-enrichment in non-selective broth
Prior to enrichment, 25 g from each sandwich sample were suspended in a sterile flask containing 225 mL of non-selective buffered peptone water (Liofilchem® Srl, Italy) and incubated at 37 °C for 16 to 20 h. This approach helps increase the number of bacterial cells of interest by enabling repair of lesions from damaged cells which regain their resistance to selective agents,
Selective enrichment in broth
Following the non-selective pre-enrichment stage, 1 mL and 0.1 mL of each sample suspension were transferred into 10 mL of Muller-Kauffmann Tetrathionate-Novobiocin Broth (MKTTn) (Liofilchem® Srl, Italy) and into 10 mL of Rappaport Vassiliadis Soy broth (Difco laboratories), respectively. Brilliant green at 0.95% was added to the Tetrathionate broth in order to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and then incubated for 18 to 20 h at 37 ± 1 °C. The Rappaport Vassiliadis inoculate were incubated for 18 to 20 h at 42 ± 1 °C.
Selective isolation
During the third stage, a loopful of culture suspension from each selective media was placed on two different agar plates to identify individual colonies. The media chosen were Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (XLD, HiMedia Laboratories, India) and Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS, HiMedia Laboratories, India). Typical Salmonella colonies on XLD are colorless, very light, slightly shiny and transparent (colour of the medium) with a dark tinted centre, surrounded by a light red area and yellow edge, but they can also appear as pink to red coloured, with or without a black centre. On the Salmonella-Shigella agar, typical Salmonella colonies are colourless or very light pink, opaque or semi-transparent, usually with a black centre.
Biochemical identification of characteristic colonies
At least five colonies suspicious for Salmonella were picked per plate and purified by growth on nutrient agar for 24 h. Then, colonies were sowed onto triple sugar iron agar (Difco laboratories) to observe sugar utilization, MR-VP broth for Voges Proskauer reaction, Christensen agar for urea utilization and peptone water broth for indole production. S. enterica serotype Typhimurium strain ATCC 14028 and S. enterica serotype Enteritidis strain ATCC 13076 were used as positive controls. Suspected colonies were purified on nutrient agar and then submitted to an API 20E (BioMérieux, Marcy Etoile, France) test for biochemical identification. The main biochemical tests are glucose fermentation, ortho phenyl beta galactosidase negative reaction, urease negative, lysine decarboxylase, negative indole test, H2S production, and fermentation of dulcitol [28]. Isolates of Salmonella spp. were stored in brain heart broth (BioMérieux, France) supplemented with 30% glycerol, in cryotubes at − 80 °C.
Serotyping
Serotyping and molecular characterization were performed at the Pasteur Institute in Côte d'Ivoire. All the strains were serotyped according to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme [29]. We purchased the anti-Salmonella agglutinating serums from Bio-Rad (Marnes-la-Coquette, France).
Molecular characterization of Salmonella strains
Genomic DNA extraction
The extraction of total genomic DNA was carried out by the phenol/chloroform method [30] using Salmonella fresh growths from Luria Bertani (LB) broth. The Salmonella strains were grown in LB 1X broth incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. We incubated the mixture of 100 μL of enriched sample added to 300 μL of lysis buffer at 56 °C for 1 h. A total volume of 400 μL of the phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol mixture (25:24:1) was vortexed for 2 min and then centrifuged at 12500 rpm for 2 min. Then the supernatant was transferred in a new 1.5 mL Eppendorf tube and the pellet was discarded. The volume of the transferred supernatant was recorded and a double volume of absolute ethanol (100%) was added to the supernatant. The mixture was incubated for an hour at − 20 °C and then centrifuged at 12500 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was removed and the visible pellet was retained, washed with 200 μL of 70% of cold ethanol and centrifuged at 12500 rpm for 10 min. Finally, the pellet was dried for 20 min at room temperature and 60 μL of elution buffer was added to the pellet before storage at − 20 °C for PCR.
Detection of virulence genes by PCR
Salmonella isolates were tested for different virulent genes (invA, fimA, stn, spvR and spvC) using PCR with sets of specific primer pairs (Table 1) as described by Chaudhary et al. [31]. The amplification of the genes was carried out according to the method described by Li et al. [12] with minor modifications. Initially, the amplification of the invA gene also served as a specific biomarker for the identification of the genus Salmonella [12]. The amplifications of the invA, spvC genes were performed following simplex PCR at a different hybridization temperature of 63 °C using a thermocycler an Applied Biosystem GeneAmp PCR System 9700 type and GoTaq® G2 Flexi DNA Polymerase. The reaction mixture, with a final volume of 50 μL, consisted of 1X of 5X Green GoTaq® Flexi Buffer, 2 mM of MgCl2 Solution, 0.2 μM of each primer and PCR Nucleotide Mix, 27.75 μL of sterile distilled water, 1.25 U of GoTaq® G2 Flexi DNA Polymerase (Promega) and 5 μL of DNA extract. Gene amplification was performed as described by Kumar et al. [32] with minor modifications (volume of water and DNA). Then, the PCR conditions for amplification of virulence genes (invA, spvC) were as follows: 5 min of initial denaturation at 94 °C, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 30 s, hybridization at 63 °C for 30 s, and extension at 72 °C for 30 s, ending with a final extension period of 72 °C for 10 min. Amplifications of the fimA, stn, spvR genes were performed in multiplex with slight variations in volume compared to the previous simplex PCR, using hybridization temperature of 56 °C. With a final volume of 50 μL, the reaction mixture has the same concentrations as described above for the kit GoTaq® G2 Flexi DNA Polymerase.
Table 1 The primer pairs used for the characterization of virulence genes from isolates of Salmonella [31]
Electrophoresis and band visualization
The amplicons were separated by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel containing 8 μg/mL of the intercalant Sybr safe DNA gel Strain (10,000X, Invitrogene, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA). A volume of 8 μL of each of the PCR products was loaded into each well. Five microliters (5 μL) of a 100 bp DNA Ladder molecular weight marker (Promega, Madison, WI 53704 USA) was used to estimate the size of the amplicons. Electrophoresis was carried out at 110 V for 20 min using the Enduro gel XL electrophoresis system (Labnet, FL, USA). The bands were visualized using the GEL DOC EZ imaging system (Bio-Rad, USA).
Salmonella strains isolated from food and clinical samples
Fifteen (15) Salmonella was isolated from sandwich samples and 91 from clinical samples. In total one hundred and six (106) Salmonella strains were involved in the analysis.
Serotyping of Salmonella strains
All 106 Salmonella isolates were agglutinated with antisera OMA and OMB. Ninety-one isolates (85.9%) gave a positive result (56 OMA + and 35 OMB +) and the remaining 15 isolates were negative to OMA and OMB. Salmonella of the antigenic groups OMA+/O:4.5 [39.6% (36/91)] and the antigenic group OMB+/O:6,7,8 [25.3% (23/91)] were the most frequent. Three (3) Salmonella Typhimurium serotypes (OMA+/O:4.5; HMB+/H:i H2:gm) and five (5) Salmonella Enteritidis serotypes (OMA+/O:9; HMB+/H1:gm H2:-) were found, only among clinical isolates. In addition, 14 strains of antigenic formulas (OMB+/O:6,7,8; HMA+/H:i) evocative of the Kentucky/Bargny serotype were isolated (2 from sandwiches and 12 from clinical isolates). These 14 Salmonella isolates were called suspected Kentucky serotypes because the serotyping was incomplete. All reported strains of Salmonella could not be completely serotyped by available sera as showed in Table 2.
Table 2 Prevalence of Salmonella serotypes and virulence genes
Molecular identification of Salmonella strains
The molecular identification of Salmonella strain showed that among the 106 Salmonella isolates, 70 (66%) carried invA genes, from which 61 (87.1%) were clinical isolates, and 9 (12.9%) were isolated from sandwich samples (Table 2).
Molecular detection of Salmonella virulence genes
The most prevalent virulence genes were fimA, 82/106 (77.4%) followed by stn and invA 70/106 (66%), spvC 51/106 (48.1%) and spvR 39/106 (36.8%).
The distribution of amplified genes according to strain origin (Table 2), showed that 67% (61/91) of clinical strains carried invA gene, 76.9% (70/91) fimA gene, 65.9% (60/91) stn gene, 35.2% (32/91) spvR gene and 48.4% (44/91) spvC gene.
Salmonella isolated from food (sandwich) carried fimA genes at 80% (12/15), stn genes at 66.7% (10/15), invA genes at 60% (9/15), spvR and spvC genes at 46.7% (7/15).
The distribution of virulence genes according to the serotypes from clinical isolates showed that 80% (4/5) of Salmonella Enteritidis strains carried fimA and spvR genes, and 60% (3/5) carried invA, stn and spvC. 100% (3/3) of Salmonella Typhimurium carried fimA and spvC genes, and 66.7% (2/3) carried invA, stn, fimA and spvR genes.
The majority of the 106 Salmonella isolates harbored at least one of the five genes associated with virulence (Table 3, Table 4). According to the presence of virulence genes, we classified the 106 isolates in eleven (11) different profiles (P) from clinical isolates and named as follows: P1, P2, P3, P10 to P11. The foodborne Salmonella had five (5) genetic profiles (P1, P3, P10, P7 and P11). For all isolates combined (food and human); profile P1 (positive for all five genes tested) was the most prevalent 38 (35.8%), follow by P2 (spvR absent), 12 (11.3%), profile P3 (spvR and spvC absent), 16 (15.1%), P10 (unique presence of fimA), 10 (9.4%) and P11 (negative for all five genes tested), 22 (20.8%).
Table 3 Virulence genes and genetic profile of Salmonella spp. isolates from food in Burkina Faso
Table 4 Virulence genes and genetic profile of Salmonella spp. isolates from human stool in Burkina Faso
The present study investigated the frequency of serotypes of Salmonella, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Salmonella virulence genes from human diarrheal stools and street-vended sandwiches in Burkina Faso. This is the first study that reports the distribution of Salmonella virulence factors isolated from ready-to-eat sandwiches sold in the street in Burkina Faso. Analyses showed that only 15 (17.7%) out of 85 samples from street-vended sandwiches in Ouagadougou were positive for Salmonella. Our result is different from those found by other researchers. Hassanin et al. [37] isolated Salmonella in 31.1% of shawarmas samples in Egypt, while Abd-El-Malek et al. [38] isolated 7% in kibdas. In Chad, Djibrine et al. [39] did not isolate any Salmonella from beef minced sandwiches vended in streets. These variation rates might be linked to the diversity of cooking process in these different countries.
Serotyping revealed the presence of Salmonella Enteritidis (5/91), Salmonella Typhimurium (3/91), and Salmonella Kentucky/Bargny (12/91) serotypes (Table 2). The remaining isolates that have been not identified completely were categorized as Salmonella spp. (71/91). Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis serotypes were from clinical strains. Indeed, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, are the most serotypes involved in human infections and frequently isolated from farm animals [40]. In Sub-saharan Africa, non-typhoid salmonellosis is endemic and the serogroups B (4), D (9) and C (8) have been identified from Salmonella isolated in this study (Table 2). An earlier study argued that more than 2500 serovars of Salmonella enterica were identified by using the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme; about 20 serovars were found primarily in antigen groups B, C, D and E [41]. The serogroups B, D and C are the main causes of human infections, including gastroenteritis and bacteremia [42]. Also, they are widely distributed among farm animals and enter the food chain [40]. Our study reported suspected Kentucky serotypes. This ubiquitous serotype has been closely linked to poultry since 1937 and is now spread in several African countries [43]. In the current decade in West Africa, the finding of the expansion of Salmonella Kentucky in the poultry sector has also been reported by Igomu et al. [44] and Kagambèga et al. [45].
The virulence of Salmonella is linked to a combination of chromosomal and plasmid factors; the invA gene serves also as a specific biomarker for the identification of the genus Salmonella [12]. Elsewhere, published papers [31, 46,47,48] reveal that invA gene has already been detected in 100% of Salmonella strains. However, in our study we found a lower rate (66%) to 100%. Other authors like Mthembu et al. [49] reported lower rates of (54.4%; 106/195) and Somda et al. [24] reported the presence of the invA gene in 91% (52/57) of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from human diarrhea, environment and lettuce samples in Burkina Faso. In our study, 34% of Salmonella isolates do not have the invA gene and therefore would be unable to induce host cell invasion. Then, Salmonella may be in a virulent (invA) or non-virulent state [50]. In addition, asymptomatic animals' carrying these virulent or non-virulent strains could be potential sources of their transmission to humans via the food chain, promiscuity between human and animals, and the poor management of animal effluents [49, 50]. In clinical isolates and in food (sandwich) isolates, the invA, fimA and stn genes found have approximately high percentages and the presence of one would predict the presence of the other. Several authors previously revealed the constant presence of invA, fimA and stn gene in all Salmonella isolates analyzed in their study [31, 47, 48]. As observed by Foley et al. [11, 49], the difference in frequency of the virulence genes observed in our study could be related to the topology of the gene in Salmonella; despite their different locations, they remain responsible for virulence in salmonellosis. The virulence plasmid gene spvR was present in 36.8% of strains, giving them the ability to cause systemic infections. This frequency of spvR is significantly higher than those reported by several authors [24, 31, 48]. The spvC gene was detected in 48.1% of all the isolates (106) tested, 44/106 were clinical isolates and 7/106 came from sandwiches (Table 2). Krzyzanowski et al. [51] found out a low rate of Salmonella strains with the spvC gene, suggesting its particularity in the virulence of Salmonella. Amini et al. [52] found out the presence of spvC in Salmonella strains isolated from humans and cattle and reported 100 and 90%, respectively.
Eight (08) Salmonella spp. isolated from the sandwiches indicated a simultaneous presence of spvC and spvR. Three of the Salmonella serotype Enteritidis and two of the Salmonella serotype Typhimurium identified from clinical isolates also harbored these two genes (spvC and spvR) (Table 2). Derakhshandeh et al. [53] also found out two human serotypes of Salmonella Enteritidis indicating a simultaneous presence of spvC and spvR. However, Chaudhary et al. [31] reported the complete absence of spvC gene in all their analyzed isolates. The spvR locus is strongly associated with strains that cause non-typhoid bacteremia, but are not present in typhoid strains [54]. However, in Senegal, none of Salmonella serotype Keurmassar investigated (human and poultry origin) harbored a virulence plasmid [46]. This gene is not commonly found in the genome of Salmonella, but is of paramount importance when present. In addition, most Salmonella Typhimurium strains contain a self-transmissible virulence plasmid (pSLT) such as the spv operon [18]. Salmonella's genetic variations could be derived from transfer of this organism between human-origin and animal/food-origin strains [55]. Whether this can transfer virulence plasmid from animal-origin strains to human-origin strains or vice versa remains to be investigated. These genes (spvR and spvC) are carried by mobile genetic elements that are lost over the time: their distribution, which appears low, does not reflect the clinical reality [56]. Despite our study's antigenic similarities among the Salmonella isolates, the genetic profile was different for all strains. Although all serotypes of Salmonella can be considered potentially pathogenic, there have some differences in their virulence [57]. Salmonella isolated from sandwiches share same types of virulence genes with clinical isolates. Six Salmonella (food and human) isolates overlapped (a, b,c) due to their partial antigenic formulas, genetic profiles and locality (Table 3, Table 4). We also found that these overlaps are in city of Ouagadougou, which may justify because food samples were collected in Ouagadougou only and in the vicinity of medical centers (Fig. 1). We could be led to verify the fact that clinical Salmonella's derive from meal contaminations and vice versa. It was possible to characterize the isolates according to different genetic profiles [47]. The P1 profile (positive for all five genes tested) had the highest frequency necessary for a very successful infection, demonstrating that these genes are widely distributed in Salmonella population (Table 3, Table 4). Detection of several genetic profiles may suggest gene acquisitions or deletions in different clones, which could favor different levels of adaptation of strains to the host [58]. Then, genetic variations in Salmonella could be derived from the transfer of virulence plasmid from animal-origin strains to human-origin strains or vice versa, which remains to be investigated [55]. The P11 profile indicates that strains do not harbor any of the five virulence genes. Our study reported the P11 profile in 20.75% (22/106) of the Salmonella (Table 3, Table 4), even though these strains were confirmed by serotyping. Theoretically, in clinical Salmonella, the invA and stn genes should be present. However, the acquisition of the lactose operon by Salmonella reduces its virulence potential [59]. The hypothesis would be that these isolates have lost their virulence genes during their evolution, or are avirulent and the low sensitivity of the PCR.
This study highlighted the most serotypes frequently involved salmonellosis in Burkina Faso. Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurim were mainly isolated in human stool. Additional analysis is needed to confirm the plausible presence of the Kentucky/Bargny serotype among the food and clinical isolates. The presence of Salmonella virulence genes was equally important in food and clinical isolates. The presence of virulence genes among isolates from sandwich samples alerted on the potential risk of contamination of the population and probably a possible community health crisis. In addition, the results of this study support that there is genetic differentiation between isolates of the same serotype in the distribution of virulent genes. This provides a basis for the criteria for determining possible variations in the virulence of different strains in vivo, as well as further studies in full serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. These results could enable Burkina Faso's health authority to better orient their programs to fight diseases associated with street food, notably through the training of restaurateurs in food hygiene.
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
NTS:
Non-typhoidal Salmonella
stn :
Salmonella enterotoxin
XLD:
Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate
SS:
Salmonella-Shigella
MR-VP Broth:
Methyl-red Voges-Proskauer Broth
LB Broth:
Luria Bertani Broth
ICS:
Incomplete serotyping
OMA:
Antiserum O mixture of group A
OMB:
Antiserum O mixture of group B
HMA:
Antiserum H mixture of group A
HMB:
Antiserum H mixture of group B
pSLT:
self-transmissible virulence plasmid
spv :
Salmonella plasmid virulence
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The authors are grateful the mobility grant of the "West African Research Association", and its corollary institution, the "West African Research Center" (WARA / WARC) and Department of Bacteriology, Molecular Biology Platform of Pasteur Institute from Côte d'Ivoire for their cooperation while carrying out this work. Special thanks are given to Dr. Solange KAKOU-NGAZOA for welcoming me to his team and for his considerable support in this work.
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA). Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
Marguerite E. M. Nikiema, Evariste Bako, Jean Bienvenue Ouoba, Emmanuel Sampo, Kuan Abdoulaye Traoré, Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou & Nicolas Barro
Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Marguerite E. M. Nikiema, Solange Kakou-ngazoa, Aboubacar Sylla & Ameyo Yayra Audrey Addablah
Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU-Yalgado OUEDRAOGO, 03 BP 7022, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Marguerite E. M. Nikiema & Lassana Sangaré
Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU-Bogodogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Absatou Ky/Ba
Hôpital Protestant Schiphra, 07 BP 5246, Ouagadougou, 07, Burkina Faso
Emmanuel Sampo
Centre MURAZ, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Kobo Gnada & Adama Sanou
Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquées (LABIA), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
Oumarou Zongo
Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP 1091, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01, Burkina Faso
Adama Sanou
Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU-Pédiatrie Charles De Gaulle, 01 BP 1198 BP, Ouagadougou, 01, Burkina Faso
Rasmata Ouédraogo
Marguerite E. M. Nikiema
Solange Kakou-ngazoa
Aboubacar Sylla
Evariste Bako
Ameyo Yayra Audrey Addablah
Jean Bienvenue Ouoba
Kobo Gnada
Kuan Abdoulaye Traoré
Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou
Nicolas Barro
Lassana Sangaré
MEMN: Conceptualization, Investigation, formal analysis, result analysis, writing-review& editing. Data analysis: MEMN, SK, AK, AS. Strains isolation and processing data collection: MEMN, AS, ES, KG, AS, AYAA, RO. Manuscript writing and editing: SK, AK, EB, JBO, OZ, AKT, IJO. All authors contributed to manuscript editing. NB, LS: Conceptualization, supervision, Director of thesis, review. All authors have helped in revision and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Marguerite E. M. Nikiema.
Ethics approval by the "Comité d'éthique pour la recherche en santé (CERS)" by decision N° 2021–11-266. The Institutional Agreement of CHU-Yalgado Ouédraogo N°2017–480/MS/SG/CHU-YO/DG and the collaboration of other health centers in Burkina Faso. This study is part of the surveillance and epidemiology of Salmonella in Burkina Faso.
The authors have not declared any conflict of interests.
Nikiema, M.E.M., Kakou-ngazoa, S., Ky/Ba, A. et al. Characterization of virulence factors of Salmonella isolated from human stools and street food in urban areas of Burkina Faso. BMC Microbiol 21, 338 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-021-02398-6
Serotypes
Virulence genes
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Covering the show floor — where nearly 1,000 companies and organizations were exhibiting — would have been tough without a smart plan and the help of Media Salad. We're experts at gathering information in just about any mission-critical environment. Before the show, we recommended ways for the executives to navigate the event quickly and efficiently and briefed them about target companies and key contacts scheduled to appear there.
During the show, a Media Salad reporter worked on demand from our office to handle the executives' requests for information. As they collected business cards and brochures and gleaned leads from conversations, they alerted the reporter — who put the information into context specifically relevant to the cyber-security firm.
"Media Salad connected the dots in ways we never could have in a place like that. So many people we talked to were really impressed by how much we knew about their industry and their operations. Our business-development efforts got off to a great start."
We start with business strategy and build relevant content.
Whether we're working within a large company's marketing department or sitting alongside a visionary entrepreneur, we start by understanding a client's business and specific goals for it. We can work within established plans for reaching those goals — and we can help develop those strategies, too. The content we deliver is aligned with our client's vision and objectives — and also underpinned with industry knowledge that promotes our client's expertise in the marketplace.
For example, Media Salad is the virtual marketing department for a successful multilevel marketing sales executive who has more than 10,000 independent sales consultants working on her team. Every day, those consultants log into a password-protected website Media Salad built to help them expand their home-based businesses and run them more efficiently.
When we started with this online network, we got to know the consultants' sales process and the weak points within it. From this analysis, we now produce regular doses of insightful information to help the consultants stay on top of market trends and learn more about the products they're selling and the company they serve. They also can connect with the rest of their team for fresh ideas and inspiration.
Our sharp-looking info graphics and sales collateral also help ensure consultants' presentations are always polished, timely — and consistently reinforcing the larger company's brand.
Even better? Media Salad's consistent communications management of the team's sales portal, e-mail dispatches and social media network allow the sales executive in charge to focus where her attention truly is needed.
We can start from nothing to build a well-oiled communications machine.
Media Salad's team members have helped develop and manage operations for some of the world's largest news organizations — so we know how to build efficient and effective communications processes and departments for companies of all sizes. For some organizations, Media Salad serves an internal business communications team charged with handling all aspects of communications. For others, we are an outsourced marketing department. For still others our team works as a consultant, savvy sounding board and/or trainer for in-house staff.
For example, a senior vice president for a global Fortune 100 company needed help communicating with his executive leadership team members in three countries, the business group of nearly 2,000 employees he oversaw, and more than 20,000 other employees in more than 600 locations worldwide.
Where and how to begin? The executive wasn't sure. He was relatively new to the company himself, and his sizable business group was the result of a recent corporate reorganization. All he knew was that he needed standardization, structure and skilled writers and editors fast because the company's thousands of workers needed to hear daily from his global enterprise business teams — which included IT support, cyber and physical security and real estate services.
The executive also knew he needed an experienced "editor in chief" to work across his business groups and in concert with the company's global corporate communications team because he did not have the professional experience or time to provide adequate supervision.
Media Salad stepped in first to survey the internal business communications landscape and to devise daily work flows that would bring order and cohesion to the business groups' communications with the rest of the company. Working with in-house resources, Media Salad developed more than a dozen SharePoint sites to build out the corporate Intranet. Simultaneously, our experienced team members worked alongside the company's employees to establish communications style guides, document and email templates, and editorial and publishing processes where they were needed.
Then we set about filling all of those communications vessels with business information focused strictly on helping tens of thousands of employees and contract workers better understand how to do their jobs effectively and efficiently. Media Salad set up and maintained corporate governance libraries. We prepared how-to guides for everything from password resets to choosing the best headsets. We edited and designed executives' sales presentations, and we summarized their business-development strategies, making complex concepts easy to understand.
All the while, we categorized, tagged and keyworded every item of content to help employees find exactly the information they needed when they needed it. In just 16 months, Media Salad produced more than 900 pages of information for the company's intranet, and its content was the No. 1 most searched information by the company's employees.
Because our team understands the the company's business objectives and the needs of its in-house communications staff so well, we also continue to be a trusted partner in the company's internal business communications.
We tell important stories with world-class visuals.
You have only seconds to grab the attention of your target audiences, and mere minutes to convey important information to them. We'll help you make the most of the time you've got. From corporate collateral and courtroom exhibits to RFP responses and digital designs with geolocation, our infographics specialists have sharp eyes for critically important technical details.
For example, in 2015, a federal program charged with providing assistance to Rocky Mountain law enforcement agencies released a report about marijuana's impact on Colorado. Though full of crucial insight and essential information, the report was drab, dry and not optimized for mass consumption.
Nevertheless, the report was an important source for The (Colorado Springs) Gazette's series "Clearing the Haze."
Media Salad synthesized the report into about a dozen key findings and used our visual acumen to assist the newspaper with a full-page editorial. Brief excerpts from the report were paired with crisp data visualizations. The message now was clear.


The Knoxville Entrepreneur Center has announced that applications are now being accepted for its next CO.STARTERS class. The nine-week business development program helps aspiring entrepreneurs put ideas into action, and turn a passion into a sustainable and thriving small business. Throughout the business model discovery process, participants identify and test business assumptions through customer interactions, develop a functioning business model, learn valuable management and marketing skills, and receive constructive feedback from advisor, peers, and former grads. At the end, participants should have the tools, framework, and momentum to make their vision a reality. The program begins January 17 and runs every Thursday night from 6 to 9 p.m. through March 14. Cost is $250 per person. Click here to register.


Peter Pearsall is an online reporting intern at YES! and a freelance science writer.
Despite the ominous speculations that appeared in many media outlets prior to the procession and a spate of conflict-obsessed coverage afterward, the largest May Day march in Seattle was peaceful and decidedly riot-free.


The next regular meeting of the Guilford Township Board will be 7:00 p.m. Wednesday, April 3, 2019, in the Guilford Township Community Center, located at 1500 S. Center St., Plainfield, IN 46168.
All regular meetings of the township board are open to the public. Meeting agendas and documents not posted here are archived and available at the Township Trustee's Office. For more information, please contact the office of the Guilford Township Trustee at (317) 838-0564.


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Whether you're in the preliminary stages of research or looking for detailed answers that may require a demo, our team is always available to discuss your options and how we can help.


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Webman's View
About Webman
Changing Your Path to Success!
Client Personalities – This is Classic!
January 3, 2013 January 3, 2013 swebman1 Comment
A fun one for sure – What type of clients are you dealing with today? I am sure you will recognize a few of these 🙂
Webman
Thanks to the folks at Ciplex or this awesome infographic. http://www.ciplex.com/
Posted in Business, Convergence, Small Business, Technology, WorkTagged Business, Ciplex, Clients, Creative agency, Digital marketing, DVD, Far North Queensland, Free, HM Revenue & Customs, Hosting, HTML element, State Farm Insurance, Subcontractor, Vocus, Web Design and Development, ZirMed
Just a bit outside!
July 23, 2012 swebman1 Comment
As we have covered, the iPad has totally changed the market for personal computers. For a device that supposedly no one needed, it appears as if these forecasts were a bit wrong. Just a bit outside 🙂
The growth of the iPad continues to be staggering. Looks like it has become pretty important for consumers:
So the iPad is now used by 46.7% of those surveyed as their primary computer. Impressive!
Looks like it has become a real favorite for non-work related activities.
And people are using their iPads for many different things:
Remarkable. More on this report from Business Insider can be found at http://www.businessinsider.com/ipad-usage-survey-results-2012-7#what-are-people-doing-with-the-ipad-that-makes-it-a-personal-computer-web-surfing-is-the-most-popular-activity-followed-by-email-and-then-other-applications-11
Well done Business Insider.
Posted in Business, Convergence, Life, Small Business, Technology, WorkTagged Apple, Business Insider, Free, IPad, Jonathan Ive, Kindle Fire, Macintosh, Personal computer
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Join the Food Marketing Institute and r4 Technologies on 3/22 for a webinar on AI + Humans = The Path to Growth. lnkd.in/eZQuv9S 4 years ago
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Webman's Calendar


I worked at Sears and Roebuck in the accounting (bookkeeping) department. I earned $4.00 per hour.
I was receiving Navy retirement pay, and self-employed (Callaway Concepts: Landscape/yard maintenance business). – We earned enough to pay our bills.
Human Services Counseling (B.S.); Self-employed: Callaway Concepts. – Enough to pay our bills.
Secondary Education (M.S.); Norfolk Public Schools: High School English/Reading Teacher. – NPS (2005) pay scale 3-year experience rate.
Curriculum and Instruction (Ed.D); Johnston County Schools: High School English teacher – JCS (2010) pay scale 5 year experience rate.
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Fully updated single story corner unit in Village Place. This fantastic 2bedroom 2 baths with an open living dining floor plan, wood burning fireplace, and 2 car garage. Enjoy the spacious master bedroom and bath with double vanity and plenty of closet space in the walk-in closet. The updated kitchen features granite countertops, subway tiles, and stainless steel appliances in the kitchen. Use the second bedroom as a bedroom or office with french doors that open up to the patio. Enjoy your morning coffee or a great glass of wine in the evenings on the secluded patio. The location offers walking nearby shopping, dining and entertaining. Call today to schedule a private showing.
1 Garage Spaces. Detached Garage.
I am interested in 2395 Crescent Park Drive UNIT 215, Houston, TX 77077.


Image size: 23" x 30" - Edition: 260 signed and numbered / 25 remarqued artist proofs.
From the glitter of Las Vegas showrooms, Branson Missouri and backstage at the Grande Ole Opry, come twenty of America's top country & western celebrities, riding together with Nevada's Governor and Columbia records' hit pickin' dog, Danny.
On board a historic Virginia and Truckee Railroad car, Nevada's fabulous "Celebrity Train" is a rollicking western sing along of the tune "I've been working on the railroad".
Two and a half years in the making this fundraising print benefits Nevada's State Capital , Carson City and the restoration of the world famous Virginia and Truckee Railroad.
The celebrities posed individually for their spot in the painting.
Once completed and published all the celebrities took the time to signed each print individually.
Roy Acuff, Eddy Arnold, Hoyt Axton, Mae Boren Axton, Glen Cambell, Roy Clark, Jessi Colter, Lacy J Dalton, Larry Gatlin, Crystal Gayle, Mickey Gilley, Waylon Jennings, Sandy Kelly, Roger Miller, Lorrie Morgan, Jhice Newton, Kenny Rogers, Connie Smith, Randy Travis, Boxcar Willie, Danny the Dog and Governor Bob Miler.


As the old saying goes, "fish gotta' swim." Fish spirits deep abiding relationship with the Water Element adds heavily to their symbolic value around the world. If a Fish has come into your life as a Totem or Guide one of the best, first steps is making yourself aware of Water and its correspondence.
Water has ties to the moon and our emotions. The deepest part of the oceans represent our own subconscious and mysteries that we long to unravel. Even today scientists are discovering new and amazing creatures in the water that surprise even the most experienced of explorers. In this, Fish Spirits remind us that we are not simply superficial or what meets the eye. There is more to each human being and our world that we can imagine.
Another meaning to the Water element and Fish is as a symbol of renewal and the ancient Goddess. Water is a life giver, and Fish know this intimately. Fish like Salmon return to specific places year after year, spawning the next generation.
While different Fish species has distinctive lessons for us, there are some general correspondences in common. Fish represent inventiveness, joy, change, insight and fertility just to name a few. It is no surprise to discover ancient Roman stories that tell us of Heroes becoming fish to escape a terrible fate. Gives sink or swim a whole new meaning!
Fish generally swim in schools providing greater safety from predators. The idea of power in numbers shouldn't be overlooked in your life when working with Fish energy. Find that perfect school that rounds you out, challenges and offers protection. Staying together gives Fish mobility and freedom that they would not have had individually.
We would be remiss not to mention the importance of Fish in Christian tradition. The story of the loaves and fishes (abundance and transformation) along with the idea that Christ's followers became fishers of men has been a sacred theme for thousands of years. As a person discovers "God" they can swim their way out of the darkness and into the light of understanding.
Many Fish, like the Clownfish, have a playful side. His colors are cheery. Even as a simple creature Fish like this remind us that the little things in our lives, the simple and sublime matter. Don't be afraid to play in the waves! To take a cue from another quote, swim as if no one is looking.
People with Fish totem might consider getting an aquarium where they can observe their animal companion up close and personal. You'll be delighted to discover that fish are not boring. In fact, watching them can become a type of meditation where you commune not only with Fish medicine but also the Water Spirit.
Let you hook be always cast. In the pool where you least expect it, will be fish.


Locate your existing iNet32.dll file with something like Windows Explorer.
It resides at "c: Windows \ System32 \ iNet32.dll" on a 32bit Windows Computer; and "c: Windows \ SysWow64 \ iNet32.dll" on a 64bit Windows Computer.
Right-click on this file, select Properties, and note the version number. Another way to see the version number of this dll file is to run instruNet World software and select About under the Help menu. All i4xx Cards require version ≥ 3.0 and all i60x products require version ≥ v3.7.
You will see compressed .zip file(s) that can be de-compressed using the popular WinZip software program. The version number is noted in the file name (e.g. "iNet32_v3-5-2.zip" is version 3.5.2). If you see a version number here that is newer than what exists on your computer, then please proceed; otherwise you are currently up to date.
Right-Click on the .zip file and select "Save As" or "Save Target As". This will copy the file to your computer's hard disk. Alternatively, if you drag the file from the internet window, it might copy a link to the file instead of the actual file; therefore Right-Clicking is safer.
After copying, decompress with a software program such as WinZip.
Rename your old "iNet32.dll" file to something different (e.g. "iNet32, older ver X-Y.dll").
Copy the new iNet32.dll file to the same directory as your old iNet32.dll. The computer will use the file with the name "iNet32.dll", and the renamed file will be ignored. If you want to switch back to the old file, then rename (again) the old file to"iNet32.dll", and give the new file a different name.
Run instruNet World to test the new DLL. To see what version you are running, select About in the Help menu.
Download file "iNet32_64bitNative...zip" and unzip.
The 32bit and 64bit-native versions of iNet32.dll are functionally the same. The only difference is the 64bit native version connects to 64bit native application software (e.g. LabVIEW64, MatLab64). The instruNet World program uses the 32bit version (i.e. it is compatible with all computers). For more details, click here.


During the Month of October I decided that the long awaited idea of an actual Fry Sauce competition needed to come to fruition and so I posted a call for recipes in BenSpark's Ultimate Fry Sauce Recipe Contest and the call was answered by some talented folks. I received submissions for 9 sauces and I added my own into the mix to see how it fared.
I want to extend a big thanks to everyone who participated in the contest. Thanks so much. Here is my teaser video in case you missed it the 1st time around.
BenSpark's Ultimate Fry Sauce Recipe Contest from BenSpark on Vimeo.
Steve Robertson – Whenever I had a post about Fry Sauce there was a comment from Steve, he likes the stuff even more than I do. He's tried to perfect and recreate the recipe from Arctic Circle Fry Sauce. Here is Steve's submission.
Steve Roberson's UK Friend – Steve submitted this one on behalf of his friend.
MissBHavens – I met MissBHavens out in California and we shared some Fry Sauce and Sliders together. She was all about the junk food and tasty fry sauce and wanted to know when I was going to do this contest. So when I decided I let her know and this was her creation.
1 packet hot Chinese mustard.
2 drops hot sauce of choice.
open liquid packets, spray into a pile on flattened foil that wrapped the take-out french fries from 24hr diner across the street.
mix with a plastic straw (they never send you spoon no matter how many times you ask) or a large, crispy fry until swirly but not completely blended.
Dip fries, spread on burgers and enjoy!
Christine – Christine is a long time reader of this blog and also has a culinary background. Her recipe certainly had the most ingredients and was very tasty.
Put it all in a blender or food processor and whiz until smooth. Makes slightly over one cup.
NOTES: I used Goya brand chipotles, this should be very easy to find, and they come in a small can. You can leave the seeds in the peppers if you'd like, but that might make it too hot for some people. As this recipe is, it is not really hot. It starts out tasting like a plain fry sauce, but then you get hit with the smoky flavor of the chipotles and cumin.
Chica – I have Chica to blame for my Fry Sauce obsession. She is the one who told me all about the delicious stuff.
Hillbilly Willy – I love cajun spices and this was a very tasty sauce in my opinion. Willy has been a reader of this blog for a while and I remembered that he had a blog about food as well as other things I let him know about the contest.
Hot Dog Man – The Hot Dog Man provided me with a recipe and ingredients. I went and visited him and was introduced to my most favorite hot dogs ever.
JMom – JMom runs a cooking blog with some very tasty recipes.
Recipe: this is the only way I eat my fries! Here's my favorite fry sauce with an Asian twist: We'll work with a slightly larger portion since most of the time I say I'm making it for me and end up having to share it with four other people who swear they only like ketchup with their fries 🙂 This recipe can be halved. BTW, I love Heinz and Hellman's and that's what I use anyway.
Mix it all together, and dip away!
Roselyn – This recipe called for some aromatic fresh ingredients. Made for a very tasty Fry Sauce.
In a small ceramic/porcelain bowl, mix all ingredients.
Sprinkle the garnishing on top and put inside the refrigerator to chill for 1 hour. This will give the flavors to blend well together.
Serve with any kind of chips and fries, or salad.
Roselyn will be receiving a Big City Sliders Station.
I mixed equal parts ketchup and mayo, tossed in some Red Robin Seasoning, dill pickle juice, a spoonful of cheeze whiz, a dill pickle, some yellow mustard and some lemon and lime juice. It was pretty tasty.
If you enjoyed that contest, don't miss out on November's contest for an Edge Tech 7″ Digital Photo Frame.
You know what I've wanted to try in Fry Sauce… Bacon. Luckily there is Mayo with Bacon already in it.
I appreciate that you participated in the contest. You don't have to wait long for another one. I am running a contest this month to give away a Digital Photo Frame. Not sure about recipe contests though, that was a lot of work and I had no sponsor so it all fell to me. There must be a way to do these contests with recipes much better. I will have to think on that.
Your sauce was a hit as well. We enjoyed it very much. I can tell a lot of thought and preparation went into it.
Ohmigod I love ALL these recipes! And there's not one ingredient listed that I don't have!
I'm totally whipping up some fries and sauce tonight!
You really should make some, I can't believe you have all the ingredients on hand.
Oh, sure! You mean some people *don't* have Mayo, ketchup, yellow mustard, pickle juice, wasabi, chili sauce, hot Chinese mustard, green onions, Cheez Whiz, canned chipotles, Tony Chachere's and ranch dressing in their pantry?
Oh, my mistake, what was I thinking.
Glad that you stumbled upon this site. I appreciate that you took the time to share the recipe. Congratulations to you once again.
I stumbled upon this site by accident looking for a fry sauce recipe.
Mix well, enjoy. I originally started out with 3 tbsp pickle juice, but I've since upped that to 5 and added a tad more ketchup. Makes a nice tangyness.
I'm glad you stumbled upon this. For some reason I have one of the top posts on Fry Sauce, go figure. I am loving your recipe and I also love the things you are putting the fry sauce on. In grill cheese, brilliant!
Pingback: Fry Sauce » The winner? You decide!
It has a really nice cherry flavor.
That sounds really interesting. I've seen that stuff around, Might be worth a try.


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Gautam Gambhir returns for Delhi, to play Ranji Trophy match against Punjab comprising Yuvraj Singh – Times Now
Gautam Gambhir will play for Delhi against Punjab&nbsp | &nbspPhoto Credit:&nbspPTI
Gautam Gambhir is all set to make his comeback for Delhi in the Ranji Trophy game against Punjab that starts on Wednesday at Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium in New Delhi. The former Delhi skipper missed the previous game due to a shoulder niggle. In his absence, Sarthak Ranjan made his first-class debut for the state team. Gambhir donned the commentator's hat during the T20I series between India and Australia, which gave to birth to a speculation that he might retire soon.
The veteran Indian batsman though do not seem to have to retirement plans as he has returned for Delhi. The presence of Gambhir has made this contest a bigger one as Punjab also have Yuvraj Singh in their ranks, other than a few more international players. Delhi will be without their key pacers as Ishant Sharma is on national duty while Navdeep Saini is in New Zealand with India A team.
(Also Read: Steve Smith to play in Bangladesh Premier League)
The upcoming Ranji games will be quite crucial for Gambhir and Yuvraj, who were released by their respective Indian Premier League (IPL) franchises. Gambhir was a part of Delhi Daredevils and also led them in the initial stages of the tournament. However, a failure in bringing out desired results saw him stepping down from the captaincy post. There were expectations that he would be released and as it turned out to be, he was one of the biggest players to be released.
(Yuvraj Singh was not a regular member of playing XI in IPL 2018. Photo credits: BCCI)
Yuvraj was a part of Kings XI Punjab in the previous season but the 36-year-old struggled and could just manage 65 runs in eight games. He was also dropped from playing XI on occasions and was expected to be released by his franchise.
Both Gambhir and Yuvraj might struggle to get a buyer in the upcoming IPL auction but they have an opportunity to present their cases with a few good knocks in the upcoming Ranji matches.