text:
201420132012201120102009Vol. 58, Issue 4Vol. 58, Issue 3Vol. 58, Issue 2Vol. 58, Issue 120082007
Estimation of the phytoplankton productivity in three Estonian lakes; pp. 297–312
Tuuli Kauer, Helgi Arst, Tiina Nõges, Lea Tuvikene
Diurnal variation of the underwater quantum irradiance, the corresponding primary production profiles, and the integral primary production values were estimated by model calculations in three Estonian lakes (Peipsi, Võrtsjärv, and Harku) for 12 days in the summers of 2007 and 2008. In parallel, in situ measurements of primary production were carried out and the main bio-optical parameters of the water were determined. The concordance of the measured and modelled production profiles was satisfactory. Our results show that a model in which the initial data are daily variation of incoming irradiance in the PAR region combined with episodic measurements of chlorophyll a concentration and diffuse attenuation coefficient in the water is suitable for estimating variation of primary production in lakes.
Arst, H. 2003. Optical Properties and Remote Sensing of Multicomponental Water Bodies. Springer & Praxis-Publishing, Chichester, UK.
Arst, H., Erm, A., Reinart, A., Sipelgas, L. & Herlevi, A. 2002. Calculating irradiance penetration into water bodies from the measured beam attenuation coefficient II: Application of improved model to different types of lakes. Nord. Hydrol., 33, 207–226.
Arst, H., Erm, A., Kangro, K., Nõges, T. & Nõges, P. 2006. Comparison of spectral and broad-band models for computing photosynthetically absorbed radiation in turbid waters. Bor. Environ. Res., 11, 55–65.
Arst, H., Nõges, T., Nõges, P. & Paavel, B. 2008a. In situ measurements and model calculations of primary production in turbid waters. Aquat. Biol., 3, 19–30.
doi:10.3354/ab00059
Arst, H., Nõges, T., Nõges, P. & Paavel, B. 2008b. Relations of phytoplankton in situ primary production, chlorophyll concentration and underwater irradiance in turbid lakes. Hydrobiologia (Special issue: European Large Lakes), 599, 169–176.
Bird, R. E. & Riordan, C. 1986. Simple solar spectral model for direct and diffuse irradiance on horizontal and tilted planes at earth's surface for cloudless atmospheres. J. Climate Appl. Meteorol., 25, 87–97.
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Bricaud, A., Babin, M., Morel, A. & Claustre, H. 1995. Variability in the chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficients of natural phytoplankton: analysis and parametrization. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C7), 13321–13332.
doi:10.1029/95JC00463
Davies, J.-M., Nowlin, W. H. & Mazumder, A. 2004. Variation in temporal [14C] plankton photosynthesis among warm monomictic lakes of coastal British Columbia. J. Plankt. Res., 26(7), 763–778.
doi:10.1093/plankt/fbh066
Demidov, A. B. 2008. Seasonal dynamics and estimation of the annual primary production of phytoplankton in the Black Sea. Oceanology, 48, 664–678.
Fee, E. J. 1980. Important factors for estimating annual phytoplankton production in the experimental Lakes Area. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 37, 513–522.
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Fee, E. J. 1998. Computer programs for calculating in situ phytoplankton photosynthesis. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1740. Revised Web version http://www.umanitoba.ca/institutes/fisheries/PSpgms.html (accessed 25.12.2007).
Forget, M.-H., Sathyendranath, S., Platt, T., Pommier, J., Vis, C., Kyewalyanga, M. & Hudson, C. 2007. Extraction of photosynthesis-irradiance parameters from phytoplankton production data: demonstration in various aquatic systems. J. Plankt. Res., 29(3), 249–262.
doi:10.1093/plankt/fbm012
Hilmer, T. & Bate, G. C. 1989. Filter types, filtration and post-filtration treatment in phytoplankton production studies. J. Plankt. Res., 11(1), 49–63.
doi:10.1093/plankt/11.1.49
ISO 10260. 1992 (E). Water Quality – Measurement of Biochemical Parameters – Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorophyll a Concentration. Geneva, Switzerland.
Jaani, A. 2001. The location, size and general characterization of Lake Peipsi and its catchment area. In Lake Peipsi. Meteorology, Hydrology, Hydrochemistry (Nõges, T., ed.), pp. 10–17. Sulemees Publishers, Tartu.
Joniak, T., Gołdyn, R. & Kozak, A. 2003. The primary production of phytoplankton in the restored Maltañski Reservoir in Poland. Hydrobiologia, 506–509, 311–316.
doi:10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008584.22153.86
Kirk, J. T. O. 1994. Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press.
Kondratyev, K. Ya. 1965. Actinometry. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad (in Russian).
Kyewalyanga, M., Platt, T. & Sathyendranath, S. 1992. Ocean primary production calculated by spectral and broad-band models. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 85, 171–185.
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Lancelot, C. & Mathot, S. 1986. Biochemical fractionation of primary production by phytoplankton in Belgian coastal waters during short- and long-term incubations with 14C-bicarbonate. Mar. Biol., 86(3), 219–226.
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Lignell, R. 1992. Problems in filtration fractionation of 14C primary productivity samples. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 172–178.
Lorenzen, C. J. 1967. Determination of chlorophyll and phaeopigments; spectrophotometric equations. Limnol. Oceanogr., 12, 343–346.
Mäemets, A. 1977. Eesti NSV järved ja nende kaitse. Valgus, Tallinn.
Møller Jensen, L. 1985. 14C-labelling patterns of phytoplankton: specific activity of different product pools. J. Plankt. Res., 7(5), 643–652.
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Morel, A. & Bricaud, A. 1981. Theoretical results concerning light absorption in a discrete medium, and application to specific absorption of phytoplankton. Deep Sea Res., 28, 1375–1393.
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Nielsen, G. A. & Bresta, A. M. (eds) 1984. Guidelines for the Measurement of Phytoplankton Primary Production. 2nd edn. Publ. 1. The Baltic Marine Biologists, Charlottenlund.
Nõges, T. & Kangro, K. 2005. Primary production of phytoplankton in a strongly stratified temperate lake. Hydrobiologia, 547, 105–122.
doi:10.1007/s10750-005-4152-z
Paavel, B., Arst, H., Reinart, A. & Herlevi, A. 2006. Model calculations of diffuse attenuation coefficient spectra in lake waters. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Biol. Ecol., 55, 61–81.
Paavel, B., Arst, H. & Reinart, A. 2008. Variability of bio-optical parameters in two North-European large lakes. Hydrobiologia (Special issue: European Large Lakes), 599, 201–211.
Reinart, A. & Nõges, P. 2004. Light conditions in Lake Võrtsjärv. In Lake Võrtsjärv (Haberman, J., Pihu, E. & Raukas, A., eds), pp. 141–149. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers, Tallinn.
Robson, B. J. 2005. Representing the effects of diurnal variations in light on primary production on a seasonal time-scale. Ecol. Model., 186, 358–365.
doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.033
Sathyendranath, S., Platt, T., Caverhill, C. M., Warnock, R. E. & Lewis, M. R. 1989. Remote sensing of oceanic primary production: computations using a spectral model. Deep Sea Res., 36, 431–453.
Schindler, D. W. 1978. Factors regulating phytoplankton production and standing crop in the world's freshwaters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23, 478–486.
Schofield, O., Bidigare, R. R. & Prézelin, B. B. 1990. Spectral photosynthesis, quantum yield and blue-green light enchancement of productivity rates in the diatom Chaetoceros gracile and the pryemnesiophyte Emiliana huxleyi. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 64, 175–186.
Smith, R. C., Prézelin, B. B., Bidigare, R. R. & Baker, K. S. 1989. Bio-optical modeling of photosynthetic production in coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 1524–1544.
Sosik, H. M. 1996. Bio-optical modelling of primary production: consequences of variability in quantum yield and specific absorption. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 143, 225–238.
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Yoshida, T., Sekino, T., Genkai-Kato, M., Logacheva, N. P., Bondarenko, N. A., Kawabata, Z., Khodzher, T. V., Melnik, N. G., Hino, S., Nozaki, K., Nishimura, Y., Nagata, T., Higashi, M. & Nakanishi, M. 2003. Seasonal dynamics of primary production in the pelagic zone of southern Lake Baikal. Limnology (Jap. Soc. Limnol.), 4, 53–62.


text:
'They're the unknowns': skyscraper pic expert
constructiondepressionlabourmanskyscraper
A documentary film maker on a mission to identify the workers in the iconic Lunch Atop a Skyscraper image says a Swedish family's claim to recognizing two of the men perched on a beam could be plausible.
Documentary film maker Seán Ó Cualáín, who is working on a follow-up after identifying up to five of the 11 men in "Men At Lunch," told The Local that the workers in question are "the two unknowns".
"Both of them have a question mark on them, most others have a claim," he said.
Ó Cualáín said there are five times more claims on positive identifications than there are men on the beam, but that the mystery is part of the image's appeal.
"There's a discrepancy but that doesn't lessen the power of the image, in some ways it makes it stronger because of it."
Historians have so far struggled to identify the men because there either was no official pay roll when the skyscraper at Rockefeller Plaza in midtown Manhattan was built in the 1930s, or it has been lost.
It was a perilous time for many workers, Ó Cualáín noted.
"There was one dead worker for every ten storeys. This was during the Depression, so there was a queue of people below waiting. If anyone was injured, and they often were, they'd be quickly replaced."
The image, with the eleven men without harnesses high above the rooftops of Manhattan, illustrates the risks workers took at the time. Ó Cualáín thinks the extremely tough times contribute to the picture's allure.
"It's a source of pride for everyone who claims their father is on that beam. It's a story of eleven working men trying to put food on the table for their families during the Depression."
Although he and his team have so far identified only four or five of the men, he said many of the families who claim a link to the image do not care if they find proof or not.
"For most people who have a claim, it's a family story that they heard when they were kids. It's a feel good picture, that's why they're happy to be associated with it."
Ó Cualáín and his team also got hold of a second image, which is taken slightly after the one that has made its way across the world on posters and other paraphernalia.
They know it is taken a few seconds later because the man on the far left who is lighting his cigarette in the original picture is puffing on it in the second picture.
This second image could be of interest to the Swedish family because it shows more of the face of the man seated fifth from the left. The Swedes think it is local man Albin Svensson.
Regional newspaper Hallands-Posten, which broke the story on Monday, noted that Svensson was slightly cross-eyed, although a family picture shows the condition was not severe, meaning it could be hard to detect even in the second picture.
The poster hangs in Ó Cualáín's production office.
"You can see slightly more of his face," Ó Cualáín told The Local. "But you can't tell really if he's cross-eyed."
Ann Törnkvist
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Jena, 19.November 2018 - The Martin & Servera Group, a leading B2B business in food, beverages and equipment in Sweden launched a new B2B portal for food distribution to improve the shopping experience of their customers.
For some years now, clients of Martin & Servera, mostly restaurants, cafés and bars, got accustomed to ordering their preferred goods at the company's web shop. To keep this business model evermore successful, continuous improvements are necessary. Not only the seamless integration to a complex IT infrastructure, but also a B2C like customer experience were the drivers of their latest relaunch – based on the Intershop Commerce Suite.
Its rich portfolio of B2B features is what made Martin & Servera choose Intershop. The possibility to evaluate customer needs and then pick from a selection of individual options without demanding development effort were further points to select the Intershop platform. By this, the company can now offer for example personalized storefronts, and even products, for each of their customers.
Read more of the project's insights in the case study.


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Ryan Gosling's Bootleg Doctor Who T-Shirt Is Now a Thing You Can Buy
The actor went viral in and out of costume on the set of Greta Gerwig's Barbie movie this week thanks to a show of support for the 14th Doctor.
James Whitbrook
Photo: Tristan Fewings (Getty Images)
In a new round of what can only be described as entertainment industry news Mad Libs, the original artist behind a design appearing on a bootlegged Doctor Who t-shirt depicting Ncuti Gatwa's new Doctor has made the design available properly, after it went viral this week being worn by Ryan Gosling on the set of the Barbie movie.
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Yes, that's one sentence, and all of it is somehow true. Gosling went viral earlier this week—beyond set pictures of him as Ken alongside Margot Robbie's take on the iconic Mattel doll showing the duo in neon-bright skater outfits while shooting Barbie—thanks to a candid shot of the actor wearing a Doctor Who shirt celebrating Gatwa's recent announcement as the latest incarnation of the Time Lord. Gatwa, who's set to appear alongside Gosling and Robbie in Barbie, is shown in a mockup of a potential costume for his Doctor, above the current version of the show's logo. But here's the thing: he's wearing what was clearly a quickly made bootleg of the design, because you can still see the original artist Matthew Purchase's watermark over it:
Purchase decided to make the design—complete with watermark for full "Ryan Gosling on the set of Barbie" cosplay accuracy—available for sale on Redbubble, donating 50% of the sales of the shirt to the Goboka Rwanda Trust, a UK-based charity supporting aid relief for Rwandans. Naturally, the BBC wasn't perhaps too pleased at first about what is a very weird turn of events, pulling Purchase's shirt from sale. But now that not only has incoming/returning Who showrunner Russell T. Davies and the the show's official accounts commented about the situation on social media, it looks like things have, for now at least, been re-resolved, as Purchase's shirt is once again available to buy.
Fingers crossed it stays that way, so Purchase gets to raise money for a good cause, and we continue to get what has to be one of the weirdest bits of viral promo for the arrival of a new Doctor Who star ever. And that's saying something!
Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel and Star Wars releases, what's next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about House of the Dragon and Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power.
io9TelevisionSci-Fi


text:
Difficulty: **Easy**

Write a SQL query to get the second highest salary from the `Employee` table.

```
+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+
```

For example, given the above Employee table, the second highest salary is `200`. If there is no second highest salary, then the query should return `null`.

#### My MySQL query

```
select max(Salary)
from Employee
where Salary < (select max(Salary) from Employee)
```

Runtime: 871 ms
Beats 69.81% of mysql submissions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We're all about looking sharp, but sometimes only the best brands will cut it.
Whether you're dressing up for a special occasion or want some premium garms to mix up your street style, we've got all of the latest footwear and apparel from some of the world's biggest labels.
Established in 1985, Tommy Hilfiger is one of the world's most famous design houses, focussing on a clean and classic look.
Featuring sneakers, shirts, jeans and t-shirts, the Footasylum Tommy Hilfiger range has everything you need to put together an outfit of greatness.
A football legend, the late Johan Cruyff decided to create his own sports brand in 1979. Now a globally respected label, the brand's speciality in advanced sportswear with premium appeal lead them to dub their unique style 'Fútbol Luxe'.
With a mixture of functionality and style at the heart of all their designs, the latest Cruyff footwear and apparel are all available at Footasylum.
Born in Los Angeles in 2002, Creative Recreation was founded by Rich Cofinco and Robert Nand. Pioneering the lifestyle footwear game, their designs are inspired by the spirit of street art: bold, creative and expressive.
Quickly expanding their enterprise, Creative Rec now produces some of the cleanest apparel and accessories around.
A name that's known around the world for quality clothing and timeless design, Hugo Boss is iconic for all of the right reasons. Founded way back in 1924 in Germany, that's almost 100 years of experience in high end style.
With a range including tees, tops, accessories and footwear, Footasylum's Hugo Boss collection features items in both men's and youth sizes.
The epitome of Italian design, Alessandro Zavetti brings classic silhouettes into the modern era. Combining their latest collections with contemporary materials and graphic prints, Alessandro Zavetti apparel and accessories are designed to make a statement.
Another Italian icon, Antony Morato has been around since 2007. Heavily inspired by sportswear, Antony Morato apparel and accessories are as clean cut as they are detailed.
Effortlessly smart, there are plenty of pieces available in both men's and youth sizes.
Shop the latest premium gear over at Footasylum now, and check out the new-in sneakers collection for the freshest footwear drops.


text:
Das Nansenisen ( für Nanseneis) ist eine vergletscherte Region im ostantarktischen Königin-Maud-Land. Es liegt südlich und östlich der Sør Rondane. Die Region ist Fundstätte einiger Meteorite.

Wissenschaftler des Norwegischen Polarinstituts benannten sie 1962 nach dem norwegischen Polarforscher Fridtjof Nansen (1861–1930).

Weblinks
 Nansenisen im Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (englisch)
 Nansenisen im Verzeichnis des Norwegischen Polarinstituts (englisch)

Region in Antarktika
Königin-Maud-Land
Fridtjof Nansen als Namensgeber

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Russian vibrant floral mini dress with exaggerated sleeves, tapered in the waist and with extended hips. Gives you a fierce, feminine look. The print is an old Russian artisan pattern called Khokloma that dates back over 300 years, originally created on wood paintings. Fabric shipped directly from Moscow, and tailored in NYC. Evoking old memories wrapped in future attitude.


text:
Home UiO Faculty of Social Sciences C-REX - Center for Research on Extremism
UiO UiO University of Oslo C-REX - Center for Research on Extremism Faculty of Social Sciences
C-REX Reports
C-REX Working Paper Series
Nationalist responses to the crises in Europe
The last few years have witnessed a remarkable resurgence of populist nationalism as indicated by Brexit, the Trump presidency and the rise of radical parties of the far right. Nationalist Responses to the Crises in Europe examines the drivers, methods and local appeal of populist nationalism. Based on multi-sited fieldwork in England, Hungary and Norway, Cathrine Thorleifsson explores the various material conditions, historical events and social contexts that shape distinct forms of xenophobia and intolerance toward migrants and minorities.
Combining analysis of the discourses propagated by populist radical right parties like the UK Independence Party, Fidesz, Jobbik and the Norwegian Progress Party with an analysis of the fears and concerns of supporters, Thorleifsson develops wider conclusions about the drivers and character of populist nationalism and the way in which these differ across national contexts.
An empirically grounded study of how the demand and supply sides of populist nationalism are reconfigured in response to the globalized crises of economy, culture and displacement, this book will appeal to scholars of anthropology, sociology and politics with interests in nationalism, populism, the radical right and contemporary xenophobia
Thorleifsson, C. (2018), Nationalist Responses to the Crises in Europe. Old and New Hatred, Routledge, London
Published Oct. 30, 2018 3:46 PM - Last modified Oct. 30, 2018 3:46 PM
C-REX - Center for Research on Extremism > Publications >
Nordic Right-Wing Populism Bibliography


text:
Liberals to cut small-business tax rate, target top earners
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau addresses participants in a roundtable discussion with civil society leaders in Mexico City, Mexico on Oct. 12, 2017.
CARLOS JASSO/REUTERS
Daniel LeblancParliamentary affairs reporter
Published October 15, 2017 Updated October 16, 2017
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is set to announce revised plans to tax small businesses, including guarantees that low- and middle-income Canadians will be protected from new measures that raise taxes on personal investments made through private corporations, federal officials said.
In addition, Mr. Trudeau will announce changes to the government's plans to ensure that small-business owners – especially farmers – will not face a greater tax bill when they transfer their companies to family members, the sources said.
The government is expected to announce plans to reduce the small business tax rate to nine percent. The Liberals promised during the 2015 election campaign to lower the rate from 11 per cent to nine, but have so far only reduced the rate to 10.5 per cent.
The Liberal government has faced strong opposition from small-business owners to the changes that were first presented in July, in addition to vocal criticism inside the governing party's caucus.
Read also: Lessons from the Liberals' tax mess
How the Liberals want to change the tax code – and why
Senior federal officials said the final measures will be introduced in the fall fiscal update in the coming weeks. However, Mr. Trudeau will try to make it clear during an announcement in Stouffville, Ont., on Monday that the government will address the major concerns expressed by Canadians during recent consultations on the proposals.
Federal officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity ahead of the official announcement, said Mr. Trudeau will promise that the measures will only target high-income Canadians.
On the issue of taxing "passive" income in small businesses, in particular, the government will make sure that it only hits taxpayers that have set aside particularly large amounts of private investments in their corporations, the sources said. One of the government's key objectives, the sources said, will be to shield female business owners who put aside income for their maternity leaves.
"There will be a mechanism that will protect people who want to set a certain amount of money aside up to a specific level," said a senior federal official who refused to provide precise numbers ahead of the announcement.
Mr. Trudeau will be accompanied by Finance Minister Bill Morneau and Small Business Minister Bardish Chagger as he lays out the revised plan to tax incorporated small businesses. The announcement will be made at a restaurant in Stouffville, Ont., at 11:30 a.m. on Monday, after a special closed-door briefing for Liberal MPs at 8 a.m. in Ottawa.
Mr. Morneau will be expected to continue consultations on the government's plans before a final announcement in the fall fiscal update, the sources said.
Unveiled in July, the three-point plan would restrict the use of "income sprinkling" to family members who do not work or invest in the business as a way of paying less tax. It would also restrict the conversion of dividend income into capital gains and, in the proposal that stoked the most controversy, limit the use of incorporated small businesses as vehicles for making passive investments.
Mr. Morneau has said the passive-investment changes would likely affect only a small percentage of the 1.8 million incorporated small businesses known as Canadian-controlled private corporations. Still, that proposal has attracted the fury of business owners across Canada and prompted strong attacks by the Conservative Party of Canada in the House.
Earlier this month, Mr. Morneau said his revised proposals would protect the interests of farmers, fishermen and female entrepreneurs.
"We want to make sure that small businesses can continue to invest in their business and their communities and that the measures actually encourage that," he said.
Mr. Morneau has described the changes as necessary to correct a growing and unintended aspect of the tax system, which fails to encourage small-business owners to reinvest their corporate savings back into their companies.
"We're actually giving people incentive to sit the dead money on their balance sheet and invest it in something else," he said last month. "We've created a big, gaping hole for tax planning and at the same time a decreased likelihood that people are going to invest in their business. That's what we're getting at here."
The minister estimated that hundreds of billions of dollars currently sits in small-business corporations, with up to $30-billion added each year.
Facing a steady stream of attacks, the Liberals have taken a hit in public support in recent weeks.
The latest numbers from a Nanos Research tracking poll indicate that the Liberal Party has lost five points over the past four weeks, down to 36.9-per-cent support. The Conservative Party has gained two points, up to 32-per-cent support. The NDP has remained relatively stable at 15.4 per cent.
The poll of 1,000 respondents was based on a four-week rolling average that ended on Oct. 6. It is considered accurate within 3.1 percentage points, 19 times out of 20.
Lessons from the Liberals' tax mess Subscriber content
Morneau to hold special meeting of Liberal MPs on Monday to talk taxes Subscriber content
Trudeau rules out taxing employee discounts Subscriber content
Follow Daniel Leblanc on Twitter @danlebla


I was reflecting today on the balance between the narratives we assign to portraits and whether or not those fleeting moments are often just as delicate and honest as a long-term relationship. I believe the depth and sincerity of any relationship is built on fantasy and is subjective but a snippet of a second when capturing a stranger can often be intense and mysterious. Sometimes I prefer not knowing too much about my subjects. Humans continue to fascinate and intrigue me but there's something beautiful about taking a portrait with little communication and interaction too. A mutual understanding and interaction.
This portrait was taken in Texas when this gentleman and myself crossed an abandoned car park. The heat was brutal and his gold tooth and heavy jewellery glimmered against his all black suit. He was beaming a cool and dashing smile and walked with an air of content with a superhuman ability to not feel the baking heat. We spoke for a little bit but the more I go to know him the less I wanted to ask more questions. I loved his mystery and the coincidental collision that had united us. I wanted to leave with a multitude of possibilities to his story. We talked and shot for about half an hour maybe more, I lost track of time and he seemed unaware it existed. He was gentle, calm and quiet; it was borderline awkward which I loved.
There are also scenes I capture just to remind myself of the essence of a place I am in. I'm always drawn to old games room, social clubs and cafes. It's not just people it can be the ambience, atmosphere and unpredictable vibe. There's a challenge of being curious without intruding. These scenes are here to remind me of the noises, smells and banter. I am present but also know I want to lock the memory away to recall the moments where I feel happy to be roaming.


text:
Software Patents Gone Bad
October 5, 2004 by sjvn01 | 0 comments
Software patents are bad for both open- and closed-source developers, not to mention for anyone who buys software. Isn't it time we get rid of them once and for all? Open-source and proprietary developers have at least one enemy in common: software patents.
This latest mess with Kodak and Sun is just one of many, many examples of software patents gone amok. In this most recent example, one of Kodaks patents—by way of Wang Labs—covers when applications "ask for help" from another application.
Can you say thats a little broad? I knew you could. Kodak is using it against Java, but Kodak also could use it against Microsoft and its .NET platform.
Kodak says it wont. But I suspect that if Kodak's victory is upheld and the company has a few more bad quarters … well, lets just say I wouldnt be surprised to find a Kodak lawyer arriving at Microsoft's Redmond campus.
Software patent law in these United States has become a laughingstock. I may not know the law, but I do know a bad joke when I see one.
Or, well it would be, if it werent so deadly serious.
I know most of you want to read about patent issues the way you do a week-old sports page. Trust me, I want to write about technology, not patent law; but patent law is strangling open- and closed-source software development, so I have to write about it.
It all seemed so funny back in 1999, when Amazon.com started this whole mess by patenting the one-click idea. But now, no one is laughing.
In the past few weeks alone, Forgent Networks has announced that its suing 42 major technology vendors over their use of the JPEG image format; Microsoft's Sender ID-related patent proposals helped crush a once-promising way to stop spam; and Microsofts own FAT (file allocation table) patent has, for now anyway, been denied. As a developer, closed or open source, you don't have the time or skills to look for software patents.
For that matter, some experts say you shouldn't look anyway! "Current U.S. patent law creates an environment in which vendors and developers are generally advised by their lawyers not to examine other peoples software patents, because doing so creates the risk of triple damages for willful infringement," Daniel Egger, chairman and founder of OSRM (Open Source Risk Management), said a few weeks back.
How did we ever end up in such a mess? Well, Im no lawyer, but Glenn Peterson, who is an IP attorney and shareholder in the Sacramento-based law firm McDonough Holland & Allen PC, said, "Many traditionalists harken back to Thomas Jefferson to remind us that ideas are not patentable. One may patent the tangible fruits of an idea, but not the abstraction, i.e., the idea itself."
That gets tricky when it comes to software, but the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has clearly gone too far in enabling companies to patent software—and for that matter, business ideas.
The Public Patent Foundation front page says it all: "Wrongly issued patents and unsound patent policy harm the public: by making things more expensive, if not impossible to afford; by preventing scientists from advancing technology; by unfairly prejudicing small businesses; and by restraining civil liberties and individual freedoms."
Sounds too grand? Think again. The big patent cases ask for tens of millions to more than a billion dollars in damages. Who ends up paying the bills? The people who buy and use software.
Even when companies win, we—the users and developers—end up paying the bills because top-level patent law is expensive and takes years. Eolas is still fighting Microsoft over basic browser technology found in IE
Think that doesn't matter to open-source developers? Think again. If upheld, the Eolas patent also can be used against Mozilla or Firefox. No one is safe from patent abuse.
Even when companies win, we—the users and developers—end up paying the bills because top-level patent law is expensive and takes years. Eolas is still fighting Microsoft over basic browser technology found in IE.
Heck, even when companies don't fight, we, as IT buyers, end up spending more because our software providers send the additional cost to us.
The only winners in the patent war are the firms that use them against other companies and the lawyers they employ.
So, what can you do? Well, if you're in a position of authority, you can discourage your company from taking out stupid patents.
For example, am I the only one who finds it ironic that Sun president Jonathan Schwartz talked in his blog last Thursday about how he supports software patents and then, on the very next day, Kodak socked it to him?
Its not just Sun, though. Microsoft has won—and lost—hundreds of millions of dollars in patent lawsuits. Isnt it time to stop the patent madness?
I think so. You can help by supporting the Public Patent Foundation. You also can write to your representatives in Congress and encourage them to reform patent law in general and, in specific, to take software IP (intellectual property) issues out of patents and into copyright, where it belongs.
A version of this story was first published in eWEEK.
Categories: Business, Development, Legal, Microsoft, Open Source, Sun | Permalink


As an employer, you have a lot to consider in keeping your workforce content. You need competitive salaries and benefits, open lines of communication, and a company culture that promotes growth and positivity. If your company culture becomes more toxic than productive, nothing else that you offer will make a difference to your unhappy employees.
https://workboxstaffing.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/WBX_Logo_RGB.png 0 0 CurlyHost https://workboxstaffing.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/WBX_Logo_RGB.png CurlyHost2018-10-24 11:00:002018-10-24 11:00:00"Recognizing a Toxic Workplace and How to Fix It ASAP"


Information about the drums and keys have been taken from an Italian Queen forum and used with the permission of the author.
DW or Sleishman 26" x 18" bass-drum [alternatively].
Ludwig 14" x 6.5" or 14" x 8" snare drum [alternatively].
Remo 12" and 14" roto-toms.
Zildjian 17", 19" and 20" crash cymbals.
Logo: Queen on TCR background.
Remo Powerstroke 3 Coated [snare head].
Remo Powerstroke 3 Clear [kick head].
DW 24" x 20" bass-drum.
DW 14" x 6" snare drum.
DW 10" x 8", 12" x 9" and 14" x 11" rack toms.
DW Gold 9000 single pedal.
Vic Firth 5-B drum sticks.
DW 8" x 24" woofer [kick].
Cowbell [Spike on All Right Now].