text:
Q: Cross Domain request SharePoint hosted app Office 365 Developer Tools I am creating some SharePoint hosted apps, and have decided to use Napa Office 365 Developer Tools for ease of setup, and then export the projects to Visual Studio at a later date if required.
I have a problem calling cross domain to retrieve information from a list on the SPHostWeb.
My code is from the following example project
(function () {

    'use strict';

    var user = context.get_web().get_currentUser();

    // This code runs when the DOM is ready and creates a context object which is
    // needed to use the SharePoint object model
    $(document).ready(function () {
        getHostWebTitle();
    });

    function getHostUrl () {
        var args = window.location.search.substring(1).split("&");
        var spHostUrl = "";
        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            var n = args[i].split("=");
            if (n[0] == "SPHostUrl")
                spHostUrl = decodeURIComponent(n[1]);
        }
        return spHostUrl;
    }

    function getAppWebUrl () {
        var appWebUrl = "";
        var args = window.location.search.substring(1).split("&");
        for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            var n = args[i].split("=");
            if (n[0] == "SPAppWebUrl")
                appWebUrl = decodeURIComponent(n[1]);
        }
        return appWebUrl;
    }

    // Get Host web title
    function getHostWebTitle() {
        var spHostUrl = getHostUrl();
        var appWebUrl = getAppWebUrl();

        //Load Libraries
        var scriptbase = spHostUrl + "/_layouts/15/";
        var list = "Links";

        jQuery.getScript(scriptbase + "MicrosoftAjax.js").then(function (data) {
            return jQuery.getScript(scriptbase + "SP.Runtime.js");
        }).then(function (data) {
            return jQuery.getScript(scriptbase + "SP.js");
        }).then(function (data) {
            return jQuery.getScript(scriptbase + "SP.RequestExecutor.js");
        }).then(function (data) {

            var executor = new SP.RequestExecutor(appWebUrl);
            executor.executeAsync(
                    {
                        url:
                            appWebUrl +
                            "/_api/SP.AppContextSite(@target)/web/lists/getByTitle('" + list + "')/items?$select=Title&@target='" +
                            spHostUrl + "'",
                        method: "GET",
                        headers: { "Accept": "application/json; odata=verbose" },
                        success: function (data) {
                            console.log('success');
                        },
                        error: function (data) {
                            console.log('fail');
                        }
                    }
                );

        });
    }

}());

My code follows all the way through to the executor.executeAsync request, however comes back with the following error: value:

Access denied. You do not have permission to perform this action or
  access this resource.

A: I think you need to provide read access to your app on your list. Due to this it is throwing access denied error.
See the MSDN link for detail information on App permission http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/fp142383(v=office.15).aspx


I had always seen it with these distinctive spike balls on them, which are actually the unripe seed pods.
The spiky part was dry and split off easily at this point revealing the clusters of husked seeds. Upon opening, they looked similar to black-eyed peas. I decided I'd try them since I was having so much fun peeling and husking them, and thought maybe this could be a new addition to my smoothies.... so I tasted one, and it was pretty good, like a combination of jalapeno bread and peanut butter. I then proceeded to start downing them like crazy, since I figured if it were poisonous, it wouldn't taste so good. I probably ate a few dozen total.
Yeah..... not the best decision. Fortunately, my friend knew what they were when I showed a picture of my new discovery and immediately warned me they were very poisonous. I began feeling nauseous a few hours later, and started throwing up, except it wouldn't stop even after there was nothing left in my stomach. If I tried drinking water, I'd just throw it up a minute later. We called poison control and they recommended I went to the emergency room, so that's where we went seeing as how they didn't recommend any other remedy.
Since this was my first time ever going to the ER, I didn't really know what to expect. The sign on the wall of the waiting room said patients would be admitted in order of urgency, my name was called first, even though the room was mostly full when I got there. I really had no idea how serious this was. When they were discussing my case as a "possible overdose" I began feeling like Eminem in that "Mr. Mathers" skit except that I was conscious. After being hooked up to an IV of saline solution and anti-nausea medicine for a few hours the vomiting went away, and I began feeling normal again. They did take a blood sample to make sure my organs were functioning, and everything checked out.
I learned a lot from this experience. It is very humbling to know that when standing next to a castor bean plant, you are quite literally 3 feet between life and death. They say 8 beans is enough to kill somebody in the absence of medical treatment, but I guess most people are smart enough to not go around trying random plants that are growing. I guess most people are also smart enough to not try building their own foundries either, but whatever the case; CASTOR BEAN WILL NOT MAKE YOU A BETTER METALCASTER (unless you harvest them for oil and burn it as fuel, but that is incredibly laborious).
The engine oil company Castrol got their name from "castor oil"
Interesting experience, not sure a lot of people were lined up to savor those tasty beans,but they surely will pass on them now.Good research! Bob J Oshkosh.
If you cooked the beans, it would have removed the toxin. Who eats raw beans???
The leaves look like giant poison ivy leaves. Glad you survived.


Photo courtesy of Chrystl Roberge Photography.
Photo courtesy of Hadessa Creative.
Images graciously provided by Chrystl Roberge Photography, M Lindsay Photography, Grain and Compass, Robb Davidson Photography.


Professional teeth whitening is the most popular cosmetic dental procedure today. By allowing our professionals to perform the whitening, there are no messy strips and it yields results that are visible immediately and long-lasting. Professional whitening allows you to gauge your level of whiteness in a controlled, pain-free environment.
Veneers are the quickest way to make over a complete smile. Veneers are thin, porcelain shells that attach to your existing teeth to meet a variety of cosmetic goals. We can match them to your natural or desired tooth color for a uniform, authentic color. Porcelain veneers are also highly stain-resistant and may actually strengthen your natural teeth. Veneers can address dull or stained teeth; crowded or crooked teeth; a gap between your front teeth; teeth that are misshapen, too small or too big; and chipped or broken teeth. Rather than spending years with braces and multiple appointments for dental bonding, teeth whitening and other cosmetic procedures, such as veneers, can completely transform your smile in only a few dental visits.
Dental crowns are a common treatment to restore a tooth's shape, size, and strength, or to improve its appearance. Crowns fit over an existing tooth like a helmet, protecting and strengthening a weakened or broken tooth. Permanent crowns using the CEREC system can be created in a one-hour office visit, with no need for a temporary crown.
Chips, gaps, or misshapen teeth can mar a beautiful smile. Dental bonding is commonly used to restore decayed, cracked and chipped teeth; improve the appearance of stained teeth; close spaces between gapped teeth; and change the shape of teeth. With bonding, your smile can be restored with a simple, non-intrusive procedure that attaches a resin to your tooth enamel and hardens to appear and act as part of the tooth. Bonding is a less complicated alternative to crowns or veneers.
For years, silver-colored fillings were the standard treatment to fill cavities. Now, we offer our patients tooth-colored dental fillings as a more natural looking alternative that provides the same strength and durability as the old silver ones, while maintaining a beautiful, natural smile. These fillings have several advantages: they can enable the dentist to preserve more of the natural tooth and only remove the diseased portion, they are less noticeable than silver fillings, remain the same color over time, and are bonded directly to the tooth in a single visit.


Traditionally, most advisors suggest that young investors start with a portfolio consisting of 80-90% equities and 10-20% fixed income. As the investor approaches retirement, heshould shift the mix to a larger portion of fixed income to reduce the variance of the annual returns and generate more interest income for spending. The investor's initial portfolio is described as �aggressive� because of its low proportion of lower variance fixed income assets.
However, some investors may have a higher tolerance to risk and may be interested in constructing a more aggressive portfolio. One way of accomplishing this is to leverage your portfolio by borrowing money and eliminating the fixed income component of your portfolio. For example, if you had $10,000 to invest, you could decide to borrow $5,000 and then invest the total $15,000 in all equities. This approach could enhance the returns that you earn. Hopefully, the equity return levels on the borrowed money will more than enough to cover the required interest payments.
However, leveraging your portfolio will introduce more risk. The swings in your portfolio's value due to varying year-to-year returns will now occur on a larger amount of capital. Since some of this capital is borrowed money, there is a chance for default if your portfolio value drops too severely. However, you may be willing to accept this increased risk if the returns will be higher with a leveraged account.
One key issue is to identify a loan provider for the portfolio leverage. There are actually many options but the interest rates will vary greatly. You could consider obtaining a loan from a bank – either a home equity loan (if you own a house) or a personal loan. The interest rates on personal loans can be high if it is unsecured. Another option to consider is to open a margin account with a brokerage and trade from that account. The securities that you are trading will provide the collateral for the margin loan. This is the easiest option to implement for an individual investor.
For most investors, we feel that leveraging your portfolio will not prove to be a prudent strategy. The key challenge for an individual investor is to borrow money at a competitive interest rate. For instance, the long term real returns from U.S. equities are about 7%. The real interest rate has averaged about 3% (that's the average yield for a 10 year Treasury bond). Now, since the individual's credit is not as good as the U.S. government's credit, they will be charged a premium above this 3% interest rate. This will probably be at least 2.5%. Currently, eTrade allows investors to trade on the margin at a price about 2.5% above the 10 year bond yield if the investor has an account value more than $1m. The interest rate increases for smaller investors. So, the investor's net additional return on borrowed money will be about 1.5%. If the investor is only planning to remain in a leveraged position for 10 years or so, the extra 1.5% return is useful but not so dramatic that it will massively change your returns. However, the investor will be taking on more risk – potentially leading to some sleepless nights in a bear market.
In the next section, we will perform some analysis based on historical data to give an idea of the potential gain in return and the associated increase in risk.
To develop some quantitative assessments of the impact of leverage, we have modeled actual returns from historical data for various degrees of leverage. Our model is based on an investor starting with a certain level of leverage (50% for instance) and gradually reducing the leverage to 0% over a 10 year period. We think this makes sense as some investors may want to have leverage from the ages of 25 to 35. By the time they reach the age of 35, the investor would like to have a portfolio with no debt.
We have examined 5 different levels of leverage (no leverage, initial 25% leverage, initial 50% leverage, initial 100% leverage, and initial 200% leverage). When the investor has some leverage, we assume that he pays interest at a rate 2.5% higher than the 10 year Treasury bond yield at the beginning of the 10 year period. At the end of each year, the investor will pay interest on his outstanding debt and pay down 10% of the principal. Thus, at the end of the 10 years, there will be no debt outstanding.
The equities that will be invested in are the S&P 500 index. We have studied 44 ten-year periods beginning in 1952. We compare the internal rates of return (IRR) for the 10 year period.
As expected, we see an increase in the 10 year mean IRR as the amount of leverage increases. However, the increase is relatively small – about 0.5% for the 100% leverage case. The 10 year standard deviation of the IRR is relatively small (this is expected as the variance in stock returns rapidly diminishes as the time horizon increases) but does substantially increase as leverage is added. We do see that leverage will produce more periods when the IRR surpasses 20%. Unfortunately, it will also produce more poor performing periods.
To give the investor a better sense of the increase of volatility in his portfolio that the additional leverage will cause, we have calculated the standard deviation of the annual changes of the un-leveraged portion of his portfolio. The un-leveraged portion represents the total portfolio value minus the outstanding debt. The annual standard deviation in returns is somewhat large in the un-leveraged case (16%) and rises to 25% when the investor is 100% leveraged. Above 100% leverage, the standard deviation becomes massive. We believe this standard deviation is a key figure for the investor. It will give an indication of how much the value of his portfolio will fluctuate on an annual basis. High fluctuations can cause an investor to lose nerve and switch strategies in the middle of an investment period which will probably do more harm than good.
The investor needs to ask himself the question: Can he handle a standard deviation of 20% or 25%? A 25% standard deviation generally means that about 18% of all years will see a loss of at least 13% of the portfolio's value. About 3% of all years will see a drop of at least 38%.
In our opinion, the increase in standard deviation seems substantial in comparison to the gain in mean IRR. Especially since we are assuming that the investor will only gain this additional return for a period of 10 years. The difference in eventual value of $100,000 invested at 12% vs. 11.5% annual returns over 10 years is only about $14,000 ($310,000 vs. $296,000). Young, aggressive investors may disagree – but we'll take more restful nights of sleep over an extra $14,000.
One factor that could have a major change to our results would be the availability of cheaper capital. If the investor has a lending source that charges a rate closer to a Treasury bond, then the leverage will be more advantageous.
Two professors from Yale's Law School have performed a similar analysis with a more aggressive use of leverage. They are more aggressive in their use of leverage both in terms of starting at a higher amount of leverage (200%) and maintaining a leveraged position for a longer period of time. Additionally, their analysis assumes continuing contributions from the investor rather than just considering the leverage on an existing portfolio. They also use a set of data which reflects a longer time period (with investments beginning in 1850). Their results argue for using leverage to avoid possibly bad outcomes. Their article is called Mortgage your Retirement.


Sonority projection refers to behavioral distinctions speakers make between unattested phonological sequences on the basis of sonority. For example, among onset clusters, the well-formedness relation [bn] > [lb] is observed in speech perception, speech production, and nonword acceptability (Albright, in preparation; Berent, Steriade, Lenertz, & Vaknin, 2007; Davidson 2006, 2007). We begin by replicating the sonority projection effects in a nonword acceptability study. Then we evaluate the extent to which sonority projection is predicted by existing computational models of phonotactics (Coleman & Pierrehumbert 1997; Hayes & Wilson 2008; et alia). We show that a model based only on lexical statistics can explain sonority projection in English without a pre-existing sonority sequencing principle. To do this, a model must possess (i) a featural system supporting sonority-based generalizations and (ii) a context representation including syllabification or equivalent information.


text:
CZ RINGS
CZ NECKLACES
LAB GROWN DIAMOND NECKLACES
METAL FASHION NECKLACES
CZ EARRINGS
METAL FASHION EARRINGS
LAB GROWN DIAMOND BRACELETS
METAL FASHION BRACELETS
CZ JEWELRY
POSH MOMMY®
YOUTH JEWELRY
JANUARY - GARNET
MARCH - AQUAMARINE
JUNE - PEARL
OCTOBER - OPAL & TOURMALINE
NOVEMBER - CITRINE & TOPAZ
DECEMBER - ZIRCON & TANZANITE
METAL EDUCATION
JEWELRY CARE & TIPS
Freshwater Pearl Ring
Freshwater Pearl Beaded Ring - 14K White Gold
Open Circle Ring Size 8 - 18K Heavy Rose Gold Plated Sterling Silver
Small Circle Necklace - Sterling Silver
Ball Necklace - 14K Yellow Gold
Adjustable Diamond-Cut Cable Chain
Marquise Wire Threader Earrings
Bezel-Set Diamond Dangle Threader Earrings 1/20 ctw
On sale from $200
Pear Shape Amethyst Stud Earrings
Butterfly Bracelet - 14K Yellow Gold
Interlocking Oval CZ Bracelet - Sterling Silver
Mirror Link Chain Bracelet - 14K Yellow Gold
Diamonds come in many different shapes. Each diamond shape possesses its own unique qualities, so exploring and learning about the various shapes is worth your while.
The Asscher Cut Diamond, also called a "Square Emerald-Cut", is made using a step-cut process and has cropped corners. Because of the cropped corners, an Asscher Cut Diamond appears almost octagonal at first glance. They are bright, shiny, and clear in appearance. Like Emerald-Cut Diamonds, they have the clarity of glacier-water ice, allowing you to see all the way through the stone. However, since inclusions are obvious to the naked eye with Asscher Cut Diamonds, it is important to get one that is flawless or as close to flawless as possible.
BRILLIANT CUT DIAMONDS
The Round Diamond, or Brilliant Cut Diamond, is by far the most popular shape for diamond engagement rings. It is cone-shaped to maximize light return through the top of the diamond. It is cut to have 58 facets: 33 on the crown and 25 on the pavilion. The relationship between the angle of the crown (above the girdle) and the pavilion (below the girdle) is complementary. A steep crown angle is complemented by a shallower pavilion angle, and vice versa.
CUSHION CUT DIAMONDS
The Cushion Cut Diamond is an antique cut that has a classic, romantic appeal. It is considered a cross between the Old Mine Cut, which was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and a modern Oval-Cut Diamond. The Old Mine Cut featured large facets and rounded corners, since the cutting was all done by hand at the time. They were designed to catch the beauty of candlelight. The Cushion-Cut Diamond contains 58 facets.
EMERALD CUT DIAMONDS
The Emerald-Cut Diamond is a very popular style known for its beauty and precision. While it lacks the brilliance of diamonds cut with triangular and kite-shaped facets, it more than makes up for it in its extreme clarity – it's like looking into glacier-pure ice. The Emerald-Cut diamond is named so because this style of cut was originally used only on emeralds. It is called a step-cut, which is the cut most commonly used on square or rectangular diamonds.
HEART DIAMONDS
The Heart Shaped Diamond has a cleft at the top and exhibits superior brilliance. It is among the most romantic of the diamond shapes. When selecting a heart shaped diamond, symmetry is essential, as the two halves of the heart must be identical. The split between the two lobes should be obvious and sharp, and the wings should have a round shape. Generally, heart shapes diamonds of less than .50 carats are not a good choice. As opposed to other diamond shapes, they appear smaller, especially after set in prongs. Bezel and three prong settings are best for small heart shaped diamonds.
MARQUISE DIAMONDS
The Marquise-Cut Diamond is a boat-shaped brilliant stone that is considered to be a "classic" shape for diamond engagement rings. As with all 'fancy cut' diamonds, color and clarity are the two most important qualities in this particular style of cut. The Marquise-Cut Diamond uses a cutting process similar to that of a Round Brilliant Diamond, but the diamond cutter maximizes the carat weight of the gem by elongating it into its distinctive ''boat-shape''. This way, they can eliminate all inclusions while maintaining as much of the unblemished stone as possible. However, because of the elongated shape, color and clarity imperfections are more obvious than they are in a traditional Round Brilliant Diamonds.
OVAL DIAMONDS
The Oval Cut Diamond is a modified version of the most popular cut, the Round Brilliant. It is the perfect choice for buyers who are looking for characteristics similar to the Round "Ideal" Cut, but would like something in a shape that is more unusual. Oval Cut diamonds also create the optical illusion of length and serve to elegantly elongate fingers.
PEAR DIAMONDS
The Pear Shaped Diamond combines the tradition and brilliance of a round cut with a less common shape to create an unusual diamond that can still make light 'dance' as it does in the traditional Round Brilliant Cut. It is probably the most subjective diamond shape, as its size and proportions are really a matter of taste. The diamond usually contains 58 facets, allowing for light to pass through it much the same way as in a Round, but makes more of an impression because of its much less common shape.
The Princess cut diamonds can make the perfect engagement rings since they are very clear. Their exquisite shape makes them an exotic treasure, as they are designed for getting top brilliance from their square cut. When purchasing a Princess Cut diamond, make sure that the setting for your ring protects the four pointed corners. The Princess Cut diamond allows more acceptably for flaws.
RADIANT CUT DIAMONDS
The Radiant Cut Diamond combines the more stylish square or rectangular shape with the brilliance of the more traditional Round Cut. It combines two diamond cutting styles-the Round Cut style and the Emerald Cut style, to create a non-traditional, yet still brilliant, diamond. This cut, created in 1977 by Henry Grossbard, was designed to maintain the beauty of each different type of diamond, while still creating something altogether different from anything available at the time.
ABOUT HENRY D
© 2023, Henry D.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The GPS (Global Positioning System) is a "constellation" of 24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the earth and make it possible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location. The location accuracy is anywhere from 100 to 10 meters for most equipment. Accuracy can be pinpointed to within 1 meter with special military-approved equipment .GPS equipment is widely used in science and has now become sufficiently low-cost so that almost anyone can own a GPS receiver.
The space segment: consisting of 24 satellites orbiting the earth at an altitude of 11000 nautical miles.
The user segment: consisting of a receiver, which is mounted on the unit whose location has to be determined.
The control segment: consists of various ground stations controlling the satellites.
21 GPS satellites and 3 spare satellites are in orbit at 10,600 miles above the earth. The satellites are spaced so that from any point on earth, 4 satellites will be above the horizon.
Each satellite contains a computer, an atomic clock and a radio. With an understanding of its own orbit and the clock, it continually broadcasts its changing position and time. (Once a day, each satellite checks its own sense of time and position with a ground station and makes any minor correction).
On the ground, any GPS receiver contains a computer that "triangulates" its own position by getting bearings from 3 or 4 satellites. The result is provided in the form of a geographic position- Longitude and latitude, for most of the receivers, within 100 meters.
If the 4th satellite can be received, the receiver/computer can figure out the altitude as well as the geographic position.
If you are moving, your receiver may also be able to calculate your speed and direction of travel and give the estimated times of arrival to specified destinations.
For a GPS receiver to function, it needs to lock onto satellite signals. Each satellite broadcasts two signals at 1.57542GHz and 1.2276GHz, denoted as L1 and L2, respectively. A satellite specific code, known as the course acquisition (C/A) code, is used to discern satellites. Correlation of the transmitted codes against local codes is needed to locate satellites in frequency space. The 1023 bit C/A code modulates the L1 at 1.023MHz, repeating every millisecond. Accumulation of this 1000Hz data is required for a receiver to operate.
Once the GPS receiver made the calculation, it can tell the latitude, the longitude and the altitude of its' current position. This doesn't tell much to the average user. So in order to make use of the GPS receiver more user-friendly many receivers send this data to a program which displays a map and can show the position on it. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a computer-based software capable of handling maps and various details given on the map. Data generated by the GPS use spatial data referenced to the earth. In other words this data is the coordinates of its own position expressed in latitude and longitude. This data needs to be positioned on a map of the area for any useful analysis.
GPS is being used in science to provide data that has never been available before in the quantity and degree of accuracy that the GPS makes possible. GPS receivers are becoming consumer products. In addition to their outdoor use, receivers can be used in cars to relate the driver's location with traffic and weather information.
The GPS unit contains a GPS module along with a GPS receiver antenna. The module functions according to its built and the antenna receives the information from the GPS satellite in NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) format. This data is then sent to the microcontroller wherein it is decoded to the required format and sent further.
CPIT GPS module SA3618/SA3618P (patch on top) is a high sensitivity ULTRA LOW power consumption cost efficient, compact size; plug & play GPS module board designed for a broad spectrum of OEM system applications.
The GPS module receiver will track up to 16 satellites at a time while providing fast time-to-first-fix and 1Hz navigation updates. Its superior capability meets the sensitivity & accuracy requirements of car navigation as well as other location-based applications, such as AVL system. Handheld navigator, PDA, pocket PC, or any battery operated navigation system.
The module communicates with application system via RS232 (TTL level) with NMEA0183 protocol.
Built-in high performance NMEX chipset.
Average Cold Start in 60 seconds.
On chip 4Mb flash memory.
TTL level serial port for GPS receiver command message Interface.
Position 5 meters CEP (90%) horizontal, SA off.
Main power input 3.3 ±5% VDC input.
Protocol message NMEA-0183, version 3.0 optional.
Default NMEA GGA, GSA, GSV, RMC and VTC. 9600 baud rate, 8 bits data, 1 start, 1 stop, no parity.
Communication to the SA3618 is provided via a serial interface. A 10-pin 1.27mm whole connector is used. Pin 6 (Reset) is the active-low reset input. The SA3618 always requires a reset at power-up, or it will not start properly. An optional onboard reset circuit can be provided. A reset forces the SA3618 processor to reboot, but will not influence other parameters such as hot or cold start. Pin 1 (GPIO ) and pin 10 (GPIO ) are spare pins that can be used e.g. to control power modes, to indicate SA3618 status, or to force a cold start. They can be left unconnected if desired.
I/O voltage level is set to 2.7V.
After the GPS Module computes the positioning and other useful information, it then transmits the data in some standard format. With differential GPS signal input the accuracy ranges from 1 to 5 m; however, without differential input, the accuracy can be 25 m.
About 60 s after the GPS module is cold booted it begins to output a set of data (according to the NMEA format) though port C once every second at 9600 bps, 8 data bits, one stop bit, and no parity. NMEA GPS messages include six groups of data sets: GGA, GGL, GSA, GSV, RMC, and VTG. We use only the most useful RMC message- Recommended Minimum Specific GNSS Data-which contains all of the basic information required to build a navigation system.
We only need position and time data, so the UTC position, longitude with east west indicator, and latitude with north/south indicator are picked out from the RMC message. All of this data will be formatted into a standard fixed length packet with some other helpful information. Next, this data packet will be transmitted to the control center and stored in the micro controller.
The GPS module that we are using in this unit is SA3618 and the GPS receiving antenna used is G-501.
The general NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) format consists of an ASCII string commencing with a. $. Character and terminating with a <CR><LF> sequence. NMEA standard messages commence with .GP. then a 3-letter message identifier. NemeriX specific messages commence with $PNMRX followed by a 3 digit number. The message header is followed by a comma delimited list of fields optionally terminated with a checksum consisting of an asterix .*. and a 2 digit hex value representing the checksum. There is no comma preceding the checksum field. When present, the checksum is calculated as a bitwise exclusive of the characters between the. $. and.*.. As an ASCII representation, the number of digits in each number will vary depending on the number and precision, hence the record length will vary. Certain fields may be omitted if they are not used, in which case the field position is reserved using commas to ensure correct interpretation of subsequent fields. The tables below indicate the maximum and minimum widths of the fields to allow for buffer size allocation.
Can you give me the circuit diagram and exact working?
clear circuit diagram and working?
GPS devices are dedicated and cost extra.


text:
Public Release: 16-Jul-2014
Sexual harassment and assault are common on scientific field studies, survey indicates
IMAGE: University of Illinois anthropology professor Kate Clancy led a study of sexual harassment and assault on researchers involved in scientific field studies. view more
Credit: L. Brian Stauffer
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- A survey of 142 men and 516 women with experience in field studies in anthropology, archaeology, geology and other scientific disciplines reveals that many of them - particularly the younger ones - suffered or witnessed sexual harassment or sexual assault while at work in the field.
A majority of the survey respondents (64 percent) said they had experienced sexual harassment (inappropriate sexual remarks, comments about physical beauty or jokes about cognitive sex differences, for example). And more than 20 percent reported they had been the victims of sexual assault (unwanted physical contact of a sexual nature, including touching, physical threats, or rape).
The survey and analysis, reported in the journal PLOS ONE, comes after a preliminary survey offered evidence that many of those engaged in biological anthropology field research - most of them younger women, but also men - were sexually harassed and/or assaulted while conducting field research far from home.
"Our main findings - that women trainees were disproportionately targeted for abuse and felt they had few avenues to report or resolve these problems - suggest that at least some field sites are not safe, nor inclusive," said University of Illinois anthropology professor Kate Clancy, who led the new analysis. "We worry this is at least one mechanism driving women from science."
Study co-authors are Robin Nelson of Skidmore College; Julienne Rutherford of the University of Illinois at Chicago; and Katie Hinde of Harvard University.
The researchers recruited respondents through social media outlets and on websites serving scientific disciplines that involve field research. The respondents filled out an online survey asking them about their educational and professional status, gender, age, and experiences during field studies.
Undergraduate students, graduate students and postdoctoral researchers (all described as "trainees") were more likely than faculty members to report that they had been the recipients of unwanted sexual attention.
"Over 90 percent of women and 70 percent of men were trainees or employees at the time that they were targeted," the researchers wrote about the new research. "Five of the trainees who reported harassment were in high school at the time of the incident."
Female researchers reported most often that they were the targets of researchers who were superior to them in rank - either more-established scientists working on the same sites, or leaders of the research. Males were most often harassed or abused by their peers.
"Previous work by other researchers has shown that being targeted by one's superior in the workplace has a more severe impact on psychological well-being and job performance than when the perpetrator is a peer," Rutherford said. "This suggests that women may be even more burdened by the phenomenon of workplace sexual aggression."
Field research is a required component of a degree in many scientific disciplines, Clancy said.
"Fieldwork is often what stirs the first interest in science in a young person, and research has shown that scientists who do more fieldwork write more papers and get more grants," she said. "We have to pay attention to how people are treated there."
Those who lead field studies are trained to raise and manage funds, follow research protocols and provide logistical support to their teams, but they are rarely trained to manage interpersonal conflicts that might arise in remote locations, Hinde said.
"The discussion that emerges from these results provides an opportunity for our professional communities to come together and effect solutions to improve the experiences of our trainees and colleagues," she said.
Nelson said, "In many instances, participants reported a lack of knowledge regarding institutional policies or appropriate reporting channels when misconduct occurs. These findings suggest that, in effect, many researchers were ill-equipped to advocate for themselves or others in cases of harassment or assault."
"We are the first researchers to characterize the experiences of scientists at field sites, and our findings are troubling," Clancy said. "If you are on constant high alert because you have been harassed or you are at a site where you know it happens regularly, it drains your cognitive reserves and makes you less effective at your job. No one can work well under those conditions, and we can't ask trainees to keep doing so. Field sciences are intellectually impoverished when hostile field sites drive out underrepresented scientists."
Editor's notes:
To reach Kate Clancy, call 217-244-1509; email kclancy@illinois.edu.
To reach Robin Nelson, call 518-580-5419; email rnelson1@skidmore.edu.
To reach Julienne Rutherford, call 312-996-1865; email ruther4d@uic.edu.
To reach Katie Hinde, call 617-496-4551; email khinde@fas.harvard.edu.
The paper, "Survey of academic field experiences (SAFE): Trainees report harassment and assault," is available online or from the U. of I. News Bureau.
Diana Yates
diya@illinois.edu
@NewsAtIllinois
http://www.illinois.edu
SCIENCE/MATH
SOCIAL/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
VIOLENCE/CRIMINALS
Kate Clancy, University of Illinois (IMAGE)
More in Social & Behavior
Reward improves visual perceptual learning -- but only after people sleep Brown University
The way you dance is unique, and computers can tell it's you University of Jyväskylä - Jyväskylän yliopisto
Digital athletics in analogue stadiums Aalto University
Rethinking interactions with mental health patients University of Adelaide
View all in Social & Behavior


Open All Year... The Allenta Resort & Spa is a short three- hour car drive from Bangkok. To get there by air you can reach Aleenta by taking the daily flight from Bangkok International Airport to the Resort town of Hua Hin. Open All Year... Set in its own lush tropical garden, and right on the shores of the Gulf of Siam, Central Hua Hin Village, is the ideal place to experience Thailand's original beach destination.
Open All Year... Chiva-Som is a world-renowned, luxury, health resort located on the beach of Hua Hin, 220 Kilometres south of Bangkok. The journey from Bangkok Airport to the warm welcome of Chiva-Som takes less than 3 hours by car or 35 min by plane. Open All Year... The Evason Hua Hin and Spa embodies the Evason philosophy of redifining experiences, and as such presents a refreshing reinterpretation of a five star resort designed to appeal to today's more sophisticated travellers.
All Year...The Hilton Hua Hin Resort & Spa is not only a family destination, it is also a spa destination and has six world-class golf courses just minutes from the resort.
Open November 2008... You will discover a tranquil, luxurious and private atmosphere that is home to many famous boutique resorts and spa's. The area is characterized by crystal clean natural beaches, breathtaking sea views, refreshing sea breezes and all this set against a backdrop of inland mountain ranges.


text:
Heart Oxfordshire
Irreplaceable brooch stolen
An 89 year old blind woman's had an irreplaceable brooch stolen by thieves who robbed her while she was out shopping in the Thames Valley.
At about 12.50pm on Tuesday, the pensioner was shopping with her elderly friend in the Co-op in The Square, Botley, when her navy blue handbag was stolen from the back of her trolley.
Inside the bag were bank and identity documents, £200 cash, and a gold-coloured brooch in the shape of two intertwined hearts with ivy leaf detailing. The brooch has the inscription 'The Lord stayeth between me and thee, while we are absent one from another.'
PC Richard Watts, investigating the incident, said:
"The brooch in the handbag was given to the victim by her deceased husband 70 years ago and is irreplaceable to her as it has great sentimental value. This is a despicable crime, where an elderly and disabled woman has been targeted by thieves and has been left very distressed by the loss of her bag and her brooch.
"We have released pictures of two people we would like to speak to in connection with the theft, seen entering the store.
"I would urge anyone who witnessed the theft or recognises the description of the women in the images to contact me."
Anyone with any information should contact PC Watts via the Police Enquiry Centre on 0845 8 505 505. If you don't want to speak to police or leave your name, call the charity Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.


text:
Seen and heard around and about the DNC
"He even looks dashing in a Santa suit." -- Elizabeth Edwards, introducing John Edwards
"USA! USA! USA! USA! USA!" -- chanted by the delegates after a corps of retired generals and admirals took the stage to endorse John Kerry
-- Los Angeles Times staff writer Maria L. LaGanga
The warm-up acts: Today's daytime convention session featured a range of issue-specific speeches attacking President Bush on an array of issues. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. criticized the placement of industry lobbyists in federal regulatory positions. Los Angeles Mayor James Hahn said that cities need more federal support.
Sen. Frank Lautenberg of New Jersey declared that "Israel will never have a better friend in the White House than President John Kerry." Raul Yzaguirre, the president and CEO of the National Council of La Raza, said that simple ploys will not be enough to sway Latino voters. "We will not be impaired and influenced by message alone. A few phrases in Spanish won't work anymore. Promises can be broken in Spanish, as well as in English," he said. And former astronaut and Sen. John Glenn of Ohio said that education and scientific development were "the twin pillars of our success in the 20th century." But under the Bush administration, he said, "other countries are fast gaining ground on us and threatening America's greatest competitive strengths: knowledge and innovation and creativity."
-- Los Angeles Times staff writer Robert Schiff
Liberal in the House, conservative in the home: Thursday night, House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi takes her place in the spotlight at the FleetCenter. Pelosi's mission will be to define the Democratic mission, to talk about what the party stands for, to clear up that fuzzy message problem that sometimes afflicts the party.
Pelosi, it's often noted, has a gracious way of knocking heads to get her work done. Her experience as the mother of five has probably helped hone that skill. "My mother is the most conservative person I know," said Christine Pelosi, 38, the chief of staff for Massachusetts Rep. John F. Tierney. " 'Mind your manners, behave yourself, did you send your thank you notes?' In church, you're listening to the homily. In our house, we're listening to the 'momily.' "
The Pelosi children also learned a thing or two about handling internecine rivalry. Said Christine: "If you tell on your siblings, your siblings will tell on you, especially tattletaling. 'Miss Make-Matters-Worse,' my mother called it. It was not a title that you'd want."
Meanwhile, the youngest Pelosi, Alexandra, was reluctant to be quoted about her Mom. Alexandra had her own moment in the spotlight in 2002, when HBO released "Journeys with George," her documentary about life on the presidential campaign trail with then-Texas Gov. George W. Bush. She has spent the last two years working on an HBO documentary about the Democratic presidential candidates. Turns out she got in a little hot water recently when she told the Washington Post that Sen. John F. Kerry is not "warm and fuzzy." "I'm a loose cannon," she said cheerfully. "I really can't talk."
-- Los Angeles Times staff writers Robin Abcarian and James Rainey
Reporters break out; news doesn't: On Tuesday, an urgent e-mail from the Kerry-Edwards campaign alerted the press that Sen. John Edwards would make an "OFF THE RECORD MOVEMENT [actual words] AT 10:45 PM TONIGHT."
After body-wand and dog-sniff searches, 30 Edwards scribes/shooters piled into half a dozen vans, waited 35 minutes, then were rushed by motorcade (flashing police lights, sirens) across Boston. Edwards staffers declined (for security reasons?) to disclose the destination. Vans arrived in the bowels of FleetCenter. Media stampeded up escalators and stairs to the convention floor, then waited again. Presence of dozens of cameras and notepads produced buzz, luring dozens more cameras and notepads.
Clock neared 12:30 a.m. Media agglomeration maxed out at 100. Finally, the North Carolinian stepped on the stage for a sound check. Edwards handlers adjusted the podium: higher, lower, a skosh higher. Candidate squinted into lights. Candidate smiled. Camera jocks shouted to TV shoulder-cam colleague to "lower your boom." Reporters shouted questions from floor below.
Net information gain from candidate? The stage looks "great." His tired voice is "fine." He feels "good."
I'll give ya 3 Gores and a Denny Kucinich for 1 Sharpton: Adam Gottlieb is not just communications director for the California Arts Council, he is an avid, nearly breathless, collector of political pins. "It's a tangible way to relive history!" he said. "A way to hold history in your hands! A real way to get in with touch politics!" Down boy!
Political conventions, of course, are Mecca and Lourdes rolled into one for this breed. Gottlieb is here, believe it or not, on vacation. On Monday, Gottlieb, 40, who carries a baggie filled with vintage pins, spotted a Clinton/Kerry button, from a joint appearance the two made in 1996, when they were both running for reelection. "I said, 'What do you want? I have to have that pin! So I gave the guy two 1960's-era JFKs, a red Kerry Planned Parenthood and a Firefighters for Kerry." Gottlieb is stoked about his remaining Kerry/Planned Parenthood button. He thinks the big, red button already may be worth $20 on eBay!
Count Florida a big winner: After their state essentially picked the president in 2000, delegates from Florida are being wooed by the Democratic Party this year with rooms at the plush Marriott Copley and convention hall seats that are nearly front and center.
Four years ago, Floridians found themselves assigned to a "generally awful" hotel near Los Angeles International Airport; their Staples Center seats were a neck-wrenching hard left of the stage. Scott Maddox, leader of the 2004 Florida delegation, was wearing his new sense of entitlement nicely, saying this week: "We are front and center in the convention hall because we're going to be front and center in this election."
-- From Los Angeles Times staff reports
O'Reilly says arts need a Cruise: Fox News' Bill O'Reilly gave the Hollywood-Washington axis of evil what for Tuesday in a Creative Coalition panel discussion about public funding for arts education.
What America really needs -- he told notables including Alfre Woodard, Ellen Burstyn, Jerry Stiller, Richard Schiff, Wes Craven, Billy Baldwin, Wendy Malick, Bianca Jagger, Andrew Cuomo and Arianna Huffington -- are some real celebrities, "your Tom Cruises," to get behind public arts money.
"Trust me," he said. "I know how your world works. I respect you. Not a lot, but I respect you."
Malick shrugged it off. "That's what he does," she said. "He's combative by nature. I have to give him credit for walking into the lion's den."
Learning the ways of the fishbowl: The sisters Kerry were up early Tuesday morning. At a press breakfast, Alexandra, 30, said: "I am desperate for some coffee. Otherwise I won't be able to conjugate a verb."
And Vanessa, 27, a Yale graduate who is on leave from Harvard Medical School and is headed to London to study foreign policy, among other things, said she could not grasp the nuances of economic policy, no matter how many times she was briefed.
The pair said some of the best advice about life in the fishbowl had come from those who went before -- Ron Reagan, Chelsea Clinton and the Gore girls. But no amount of talk can prepare you for the first time a woman you've never laid eyes on walks up and plants a big wet one on your cheek.
"What frightens me is that you want to retain your privacy, and you want to know that you can walk down the street and someone is not going to come up and kiss you because they think they can," Vanessa said. "This is baptism by fire."
Large minority is no longer silent: Many speakers this week have urged the preservation of "a woman's right to choose." Based on the cheers they've drawn, you'd think every Democrat at the convention supported abortion rights.
Not so, said the 50 men and women who rallied Tuesday morning outside Faneuil Hall. They wore pins with "43 percent" -- the share of Democrats who told Zogby pollsters in December that abortion was the equivalent of manslaughter.
"It's great to be here," Chris Rose, a Democratic candidate for state representative in Colorado, proclaimed from the podium. "I haven't seen so many pro-life Democrats since ... " A long pause. A smile. " ... Ever."
Warrior, lawyer, senator ... baker?: Yes, the nominee-in-waiting once made cookies, or at least owned a Quincy Market shop that did. Kilvert & Forbes -- taken from John F. Kerry's and his partner's mothers' maiden names -- has been baking for more than 20 years. Most of those have been since Kerry sold his interest. But this week, the dark chocolate chunk cookie has been selling at record rates -- about six dozen cookies a day, twice the normal figure. The big, chewy cookies cost $1.25 each.
Kennedy's history tour: After months of watching Howard Dean and Al Gore fire away at President Bush in front of national audiences, Sen. Edward M. Kennedy used his address tonight to strike out at President Bush and his administration.
The highlights:
"If each of us cared about the public interest, we wouldn't have had the excesses of Enron; we wouldn't have had the abuses of Halliburton. And Vice President Cheney would be retired to an undisclosed location."
Presidential historian Robert Caro introduced Kennedy, and the senator decided to work in a little presidential history of his own.
"In the White House, inscribed on a plaque above the fireplace in the State Dining Room is a prayer, a simple but powerful prayer of John Adams, the first president to live in that great house. It reads: 'I pray heaven to bestow the best of blessings on this house and all that shall hereafter inhabit it. May none but the honest and wise ever rule under this roof.' In November we will make those words ring true again."
All aboard the historical references train.
"Our struggle is not with some monarch named George who inherited the crown, although it often seems that way."
And to wrap things up: "In the depths of the Depression, Franklin Roosevelt inspired the nation when he said, 'The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.' Today we say, the only thing we have to fear is four more years of George Bush."
Only the best for mom: Chris Heinz charmed the crowd from the beginning tonight, professing that only the best would be good enough for his Mom.
Teresa Heinz Kerry's son opened his remarks with the quip: "When my Mom first introduced me to John, I said to myself: Self, the only man good enough for your mother is the president of the United States. I think it's going to work out."
Obama showcases potential: While Ethel Barnett watched Barak Obama, she could not help but recall the faint memories of her great-grandmother, a former slave. Barnett, a delegate from Philadelphia, believes America still has a ways to go when it comes to matters of race. For Barnett, Obama is part of that progress.
"I think he's very talented, he's very intellectual. He is compassionate. And he is dedicated and committed to making this a better America."
And she ended with a prediction that many in the hall seemed to share. "I predict that someday this man will be president of the United States."
Kerry bashes Republicans . . . in 1988: The Kerry campaign is trying to keep the message positive in 2004, but at the 1988 Democratic convention, the Massachusetts senator wasn't pulling any punches: "A Republican president once reminded us, 'There is absolutely nothing to be said for a government of powerful men with the ideals of pawnbrokers.' That president's name was Theodore Roosevelt. And today Theodore Roosevelt would be ashamed to be a Republican." It is time we once again had a government of laws and not of lawbreakers."
-- Los Angeles Times staff writer Stephen W. Stromberg
A somber antiwar protest: Boston's historical Copley Square played stage to the most dramatic convention week antiwar protest tonight as peace activists rallied around an exhibit of 907 Army boots representing the 907 American soldiers killed in Iraq since the American-led invasion.
In neat rows on the Copley Square green, the combat boots, donated by an army-navy surplus store in Chicago, had tags with the name of fallen U.S. soldiers attached to their laces. By the early evening, the families of some of the killed had put flowers, pictures, rosaries and American flags in the boots representing their loved ones.
Tomorrow, the demonstration's organizers -- from the American Friends Service Committee, associated with the Quakers -- will pull a large tombstone that reads "Unknown Civilians Killed in War" from central Boston to Brookline, a western suburb, on a large wooden cart, beginning their month-long journey south to New York for the Republican National Convention.
"Our government refuses to even count the number of civilians killed" in Iraq, Terry Rockefeller, a demonstration speaker whose sister died on Sept. 11, 2001, said. "More killing will only fuel the fire of terrorism."
Forecast: Attack ad ahead: If they were bored with the convention, delegates and reporters surfing Boston television could catch a new 30-second spot critical of Kerry. The ad, funded by the antitax Club for Growth, depicts the Democrat as a spinning weather vane - a motif for political attack ads that goes back decades.
"John Kerry has a little problem making up his mind," the narrator says, citing various positions on the death penalty and taxes. Its conclusion: Kerry is "blowing in the wind." The ad appeared on the Fox affiliate WFXT.
-- Los Angeles Times staff writer Nick Anderson
Discipline, Democrat-style: "I was talking with a Democratic congressman the other day and he told me the word is out: If you're in Congress and you say something negative [about the Democratic ticket], you're going to get primaried. This ain't the time for carping ... No Democratic politician dares say anything, because they'll get primaried." James Carville on discipline among Democrats.
-- Los Angeles Times staff writer Doyle McManus
Art imitating art, in turn imitating ...: Director Robert Altman and "Doonesbury" cartoonist Garry Trudeau are at the convention shooting "Tanner on Tanner," a Sundance Channel series for October that will look at the intersection of media and politics in the campaign environment.
What happened when the series booked Missouri Rep. Dick Gephardt for this morning's filming made their point exactly, and it couldn't have happened better if it had been scripted.
The series' conceit is to work real personalities into a fictional storyline, and Gephardt agreed to a last-minute appearance after Rep. Dennis J. Kucinich of Ohio canceled. Gephardt showed up on the convention floor to talk about his role with Altman, the 79-year-old director, only to be whisked away for an interview with the real life Bill Hemmer of CNN.
That interview over, Gephardt was mobbed by passing news crews until the TV series was able to pry him away to shoot his scene talking to the fictional Jack Tanner (actor Michael Murphy), a former Democratic presidential candidate, and his fictional daughter Alex (Cynthia Nixon), a documentary filmmaker seeking a Gephardt interview.
After just one take, Gephardt was off -- to be nabbed for an interview by Ed Helms, a real-life correspondent with the fake news "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart," on Comedy Central. He wanted to know if calling it the Democratic National Convention was exclusionary to Republicans.
"We welcome everyone into this party," Gephardt said, without missing a beat. But Helms was quickly edged out by a trade policy question from a very serious reporter for Japan's NHK network. Or at least she said she was a real reporter. Gephardt appeared amenable to talking to everyone.
-- Los Angeles Times staff writer Elizabeth Jensen
Where do Reagans fit in?: With presidential son Ron Reagan set to address the Democratic National Convention with harsh words concerning President Bush's decision to limit embryonic stem cell research, Republican officials are forced to tip-toe around the decision by the newly widowed former first lady, Nancy Reagan, to skip the GOP show in New York next month.
Asked repeatedly by reporters today whether Mrs. Reagan's decision is related to her own disagreements with the White House in the wake of her late husband's Parkinson's disease, Republican National Committee Chairman Ed Gillespie chose to duck the question -- sounding almost testy with his questioners.
"If all of you might just keep in mind for a moment the year that Mrs. Reagan has had and be a little understanding, I think that would be appreciated by the public, and I would appreciate that as well," he said.
Asked if Nancy Reagan was definitely skipping the GOP gathering, Gillespie said: "I do not expect her at our convention, but she knows she's welcome."
Then pressed on whether she had "rejected" the invitation, Gillespie replied: "I'm comfortable with my characterization."
-- Los Angeles Times staff writer Peter Wallsten
On message with gay rights: Bill Lann Lee, President Bill Clinton's assistant attorney general for civil rights, clarified the Democratic Party's position on gay rights Monday when he presented a portion of the Party platform at the Democratic National Convention.
Lee said the party was committed to protecting the "right of gay and lesbian families to live in our communities." Directly following Lee at the Podium was San Francisco Chamber of Commerce Senior Vice President Roberta Achtenberg, who began her speech with, "I am a lawyer, a mother and a lesbian."
Where's Dukakis? Busy, busy: Missing man Michael S. Dukakis strolled into the FleetCenter on Monday night with his wife, Kitty, just as Al Gore was wowing them on the convention floor.
Michael Dukakis, who is not speaking in prime time -- or at all -- hasn't exactly been kept under wraps, but having lost the 1988 presidential election, he's not the donkey that Democrats like to trot out for a national audience.
Still, he said Sunday night at a tribute to George S. McGovern (remember him?) that they're keeping him busy:
"I begin at 8:15 tomorrow welcoming the Montana delegation to the Northeastern [University] campus. Then I talk to four youth groups, then I go to a literacy event. Then Kitty and I host a party at our house for Greek American Democrats. That's just Day One."
Flying under the radar is OK with him.
"We don't have speaking places, us guys who didn't make it," he said cheerfully. "They introduce us, that's it."
Killing us softly with(out) his song: At a club called Avalon near Fenway Park, a throbbing crowd of twentysomethings waited into the wee hours for a glimpse of the most sought-after couple in America this week: the Clintons.
It was a long, long night. Some of the entertainment, provided by Rock the Vote and Democratic GAIN, was cross-generationally cool (DJ Biz Markie hauled out hits from the '70s and '80s).
It was endearing to watch Democratic Party Chairman Terry McAuliffe swoop in to rescue poor Cate Edwards (daughter of the would-be V.P.), who ran out of things to say after 30 seconds onstage.
Later -- much, much later -- sulky pop star Lauryn Hill showed up and performed a song that had something to do with politicians impaling people with lances.
She felt her song was important. So important that she stopped the music and ordered her audience to "Listen. Listen. Listen to the lyrics." Then she said she had to go.
A source told Floor Notes: "And she got paid $25,000."
It was 2:15 a.m. Monday before about 2,000 people left disappointed. Despite numerous "We want Bill!" chants, it was clear that Clinton had better things to do.
Pretty nails, and pile drivers: There's something in the Boston air besides a cool breeze and Democratic promises to smack "Dubya" upside the head: voter registration. A group called 1,000 Flowers rolled in from the Bay Area, its organizers saying they were determined to put their hot pink and yellow counter displays in 1,000 beauty salons in eight states.
Co-founder Francesca Vietor, an environmental activist, said she was alarmed that an estimated 22 million single women didn't vote in 2000. She'll be handing out tens of thousands of emery boards with the message: "Hey girlfriend, don't let this election be a nail biter. Register here to vote."
World Wrestling Entertainment, meanwhile, sent Big Show, a 7-foot-2-inch, 500-pound former champion -- and a few of his friends -- to urge young people to vote.
With TV lights beating down and sweat dripping from his forehead, the mountainous Mr. Show proclaimed, "Smack down your vote!" before retreating to cooler climes.
How will GOP treat Al Jazeera?: Al Jazeera reporters received credentials to the convention, but the Arab television network that has often aired tapes from hostage takers and Osama bin Laden was forced to remove its sign overlooking the FleetCenter hall.
Asked whether the same rule will apply in New York at the Republican convention - where President Bush hopes to tout his record fighting terror - GOP Chairman Ed Gillespie was flummoxed by the question.
"That's a good question," Gillespie said. "I need to think about that."
Hey, no chair-throwing onstage!: Jerry Springer is taking a short reprieve from his TV show to play the real-life role of an Ohio delegate to the Democratic convention this week. Springer hasn't missed a Democratic convention since 1972, he said, and had no intention of sitting out this one. As he stood in the Sheraton Hotel lobby Monday, being interviewed by CNN about the prospect of running for Ohio governor in 2006, Springer spoke seriously about the vision of the Democratic Party.
Until, that is, the crowd came. "Jerry! Jerry! Jerry!" a group of women shouted, edging closer. With disposable cameras in hand, more fans approached; Springer signed autographs, shook hands and basked in the attention. As for running for governor, the former Cincinnati mayor said, "It's disrespectful during a presidential race to say anything. There will be a time for that. But if I decide to run, I will stop the show this season."
The crowd became so animated at one point that it interrupted Springer's interview with CNN's Bill Hemmer. The TV anchor didn't seem to mind, saying he has known Springer for almost 20 years, since working as a sports producer at the Cincinnati station that made Springer famous.
-- Chicago Tribune correspondent Jeff Zeleny
Focus on disabilities: Addressing delegates from her wheelchair, Chicagoan Marca Bristo said Monday that more laws are needed to protect disabled Americans and give them greater opportunities to pursue happiness on their own terms.
Paralyzed in a diving accident about 30 years ago, when she was in her 20s, Bristo now chairs the non-profit Chicago-based Access Living. She said her children have been around people with disabilities all of their lives and that has taught them tolerance as well as activism.
Since the signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, she said, progress has slowed and once again people with disabilities are being relegated to second-class citizenship. "John Kerry and John Edwards will restore progress and put an end to bigotry," Bristo said.
-- Chicago Tribune editor Dawn Turner Trice
Abortion foes outnumbered: At a Dunkin' Donuts on Boston's Commonwealth Avenue, a small group of revolutionaries gathered Monday to plot strategy. They were members of Democrats for Life of America, who are pushing for greater acceptance of an anti-abortion position within the Democratic Party.
They acknowledged they have a tough fight at a convention where scores of delegates sport buttons saying "Pro-Kerry, pro-Edwards, pro-choice," but they insisted they would not be cowed. "It is an uphill battle," said Jay Ware of Rockford, Ill. "Desegregation was an uphill battle." Added Eva Ritchey of Hendersonville, N.C., "We're going to bring the Democratic Party to a higher ethical plane."
The group is holding a rally Tuesday featuring Sen. Ben Nelson (D-Neb.) at Faneuil Hall. They say the party hurts itself in the South and elsewhere with its abortion rights stance. But so far, Ritchey said, the reaction of party leaders has been, "Thank you, but couldn't you stand over there in the corner, a little quieter?"
-- Chicago Tribune editor Naftali Bendavid
This show is a complete joke: Given the throngs of so-called real journalists in Boston for the convention, it was refreshing to find one who proudly proclaims himself a fake--Jon Stewart of "The Daily Show," whose network, Comedy Central, promises he will provide "sporadically accurate and rarely fact-checked" coverage.
At a breakfast with reporters Monday, Stewart asked that he be identified only as "a highly placed comedic source."
He rejected the idea that his show has great influence with young viewers.
"Here's the thing about influence: I have none. And I think world events bear me out," Stewart said. "I'm more concerned about the enormous amount of people who get their news from you guys." In a wide-ranging critique--OK, rant--on the media, Stewart leveled this zinger at Fox News: "Fox is an interesting network, but they're not doing anybody any favors with a narrative that says Kwanzaa is the reason your life sucks."
In 'loo' of better speaking venues: Nothing is more coveted at a national political convention than a prime-time speaking spot, especially in this age of curtailed television coverage. But Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich indicated that Democratic officials in Boston this week are flush with speaking engagements.
"The Democratic National Committee ... invited me to speak at 4:30 in the morning in the men's room at Faneuil Hall," Blagojevich told members of the Illinois delegation at their opening breakfast on Monday. "We learned in 2000 every vote counts. The Democratic National Committee is taking nothing for chance, so some of us [who] couldn't make it on the national stage are going to be doing our part toiling in the wee hours of the morning."
-- Chicago Tribune staff writer Rick Pearson
Boston doesn't know beans: Arriving convention delegates were greeted in their hotel rooms with copies of Panorama: The official guide to Boston, a magazine that contains some typical Beantown braggadocio. In a feature on the "hidden secrets" of Fenway Park, the home of the Boston Red Sox, the magazine touts the ballpark's manually operated scoreboard as "the only one left in the Majors." Of course, the scoreboard at Chicago's Wrigley Field is operated by hand. That raises the question of whether the magazine believes the National League is not part of "the Majors," or just the Cubs.
Election 2000: The last word: Although many Democrats are trying to get the 2000 election debacle off their minds, the copy editors at the Washington Post are still living in the past. The front page of their special section on the Democratic National Convention featured a giant photo of Sen. John F. Kerry and running mate Sen. John Edwards--under the heading "Election 2000."
-- Los Angeles Times researcher Susannah Rosenblatt
Eggs with a side order of Bush bashing: At a California delegation breakfast today, House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi of San Francisco said: "George Bush's war of choice in going to Iraq has cost us many more lives than it should have, hundreds of billions of dollars more than it should have. And it cost us our reputation in the world. George Bush has got to go." The crowd erupted in cheers.
Rep. Bob Matsui of California also struck a harsh tone, calling Bush "clueless or incompetent-or maybe both."
-- Los Angeles Times staff writer Michael Finnegan
Real, not rah-rah: "John Kerry is a better man than George Bush. My guy is like a real, real tested guy. America needs a real leader, not an Andover cheerleader this time."
-- Democratic strategist James Carville, emceeing the first-ever Democratic veterans' caucus at a Boston hotel this afternoon.
Reality doesn't come cheap: Kerry campaign strategists Mary Beth Cahill and Tad Devine poked fun at talk show host Jerry Springer's efforts to become an at-large Democratic delegate from Ohio. Springer, former Cincinnati mayor, has helped raise hundreds of thousands of dollars for large and small Democratic campaigns this year.
Joked Cahill: "It cost him $500,000 to become a delegate, I read."
Devine responded, "He should have hired us ... It would have been cheaper."
Showcasing Latino outreach: While John F. Kerry was throwing out the first pitch Sunday evening at the Red Sox-Yankees game at Fenway Park, backers of a major Latino outreach initiative to help put him in the White House were partying nearby.
The Washington-based group known as the New Democrat Network has showcased New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson, Rep. Robert J. Menendez of New Jersey and Rep. Loretta Sanchez of Anaheim in the most extensive Spanish-language advertising campaign so far this year--spending more than $3 million in Florida, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Arizona to promote Democrats and attack Bush.
While the network's financial backers ate hors d'oeuvres like tuna ceviche on taro root chips and Dungeness crab cakes with cumin aioli, Sanchez thanked them for "working with our community and making sure that Latinos understand we are the party with principles, with values and policies that are going to move our community to the future."
Arizona Gov. Janet Napolitano told the crowd: "This ad campaign is one of the shrewdest I have ever seen." Noting that 7 million to 8 million Latino voters are expected to turn out in November, Miami-based pollster Sergio Bendixen said: "In 2000, the Republicans did a terrific job of Latino outreach. How the world has changed in four years. The Democrats have realized they're going to have to fight for the Hispanic vote."
Ohio cache: "We're here right now in Columbus, a place which has always been heartland America, the birthplace of eight United States presidents. May I today find somebody to adopt me, quickly? I want a little bit of that pedigree."
-- John Kerry speaking to Columbus residents during a "front porch visit" Sunday.


text:
Rickmansworth: 23rd - 25th January 2020 The Watersmeet High Street, Rickmansworth, WD3 1EH
23jan7:30 pm9:45 pmRickmansworth: 23rd - 25th January 2020
Bringing Charles Dickens' beloved novel to life, Lionel Bart's Oliver! takes audiences on a wild adventure through Victorian England. Join young,orphaned Oliver Twist as he navigates the London's underworld of theft and
Bringing Charles Dickens' beloved novel to life, Lionel Bart's Oliver! takes audiences on a wild adventure through Victorian England. Join young,orphaned Oliver Twist as he navigates the London's underworld of theft and violence, searching for a home, a family, and – most importantly – for love. When Oliver is picked up on the street by a boy named the Artful Dodger, he is welcomed into a gang of child pickpockets led by the conniving, but charismatic, Fagin. When Oliver is falsely accused of a theft he didn't commit, he is rescued by a kind and wealthy gentleman, to the dismay of Fagin's violent sidekick, Bill Sykes. Caught in the middle is the warm-hearted Nancy, who is trapped under Bill's thumb, but desperate to help Oliver, with tragic results. With spirited, timeless songs like "As Long as He Needs Me," "Food, Glorious Food," and "Where is Love," Oliver! is a musical classic.
The Watersmeet
High Street, Rickmansworth, WD3 1EH
Future Event Times in this Repeating Event Series
24 january, 2020 7:30 pm25 january, 2020 2:30 pm25 january, 2020 7:30 pm
Chesham: 30th Jan - 1st Feb 2020 Elgiva Theatre St Mary's Way, Chesham, HP5 1HR
30jan7:30 pm9:45 pmChesham: 30th Jan - 1st Feb 2020
After a tornado whisks away a young Kansas farm girl, Dorothy, to the magical land of OZ, she starts her quest to find the mighty Wizard of Oz who has
After a tornado whisks away a young Kansas farm girl, Dorothy, to the magical land of OZ, she starts her quest to find the mighty Wizard of Oz who has the power to send her home. Along the way she meets a Scarecrow, a Tin Woodsman and a Cowardly Lion who help her on her journey. This version includes many of the songs from the famous MGM musical.
St Mary's Way, Chesham, HP5 1HR
31 january, 2020 7:30 pm1 february, 2020 2:30 pm1 february, 2020 7:30 pm
Elgiva TheatreSt Mary's Way, Chesham, HP5 1HR
Kettering: 6th - 8th February 2020 The Lighthouse Theatre Thurston Drive, Kettering, NN15 6PB
06feb7:30 pm9:45 pmKettering: 6th - 8th February 2020
JM Barrie's timeless tale of the boy who refused to grow up is reborn as a spectacular musical with a score by Stiles & Drewe and a book by Willis
JM Barrie's timeless tale of the boy who refused to grow up is reborn as a spectacular musical with a score by Stiles & Drewe and a book by Willis Hall, as Peter Pan whisks the Darling family's children beyond the stars to his island where there are "no tedious distances between one adventure and the next".
The Lighthouse Theatre
Thurston Drive, Kettering, NN15 6PB
7 february, 2020 7:30 pm8 february, 2020 2:30 pm8 february, 2020 7:30 pm
The Lighthouse TheatreThurston Drive, Kettering, NN15 6PB
Chelmsford: 6th - 8th February 2020 Chelmsford Fairfield Road Chelmsford Essex CM1 1JG
06feb7:30 pm9:45 pmChelmsford: 6th - 8th February 2020
Fairfield Road Chelmsford Essex CM1 1JG
ChelmsfordFairfield Road Chelmsford Essex CM1 1JG
Reading: 13th - 15th February 2020 The Hexagon Queens Walk, Reading, RG1 7UA
13feb7:30 pm9:45 pmReading: 13th - 15th February 2020
The Hexagon
Queens Walk, Reading, RG1 7UA
14 february, 2020 7:30 pm15 february, 2020 2:30 pm15 february, 2020 7:30 pm
The HexagonQueens Walk, Reading, RG1 7UA
Milton Keynes: 20th - 22nd February 2020 Stantonbury Theatre Stantonbury Theatre, Milton Keynes, MK14 6BN
20feb7:30 pm9:45 pmMilton Keynes: 20th - 22nd February 2020
Stantonbury Theatre
Stantonbury Theatre, Milton Keynes, MK14 6BN
Stantonbury TheatreStantonbury Theatre, Milton Keynes, MK14 6BN
Dunstable: 20th - 22nd February 2020 The Grove Theatre Grove Park, Dunstable, LU5 4GP
20feb7:30 pm9:45 pmDunstable: 20th - 22nd February 2020
The stage musical follows the 1976 film, which was produced with a cast consisting entirely of young people, including a 13 year old Jodie Foster. It is set in Chicago
The stage musical follows the 1976 film, which was produced with a cast consisting entirely of young people, including a 13 year old Jodie Foster. It is set in Chicago in the 1920's and concerns the battle for criminal supremacy of rival gangs led by Fat Sam and Dandy Dan. Into the mix steps aspiring boxing promoter Bugsy Malone, who becomes involved with aspiring night club singer Blousey Brown, and agrees to help Fat Sam turn the tables on his rival. The 'weapons' in this story are, of course, splurge guns and in the finale, just about everyone gets 'splurged' before getting up and realizing they can all be friends after all.
With well known songs such as 'Bugsy Malone', 'Fat Sam's Grand Slam' and 'Bad Guys' and exciting dance routines, this is a massively popular show for audiences of all ages to enjoy.
The Grove Theatre
Grove Park, Dunstable, LU5 4GP
The Grove TheatreGrove Park, Dunstable, LU5 4GP
Potters Bar: 27th - 29th February 2020 The Wyllyotts Theatre Darkes Lane, Potters Bar, EN6 2HN
27feb7:30 pm9:45 pmPotters Bar: 27th - 29th February 2020
The Wyllyotts Theatre
Darkes Lane, Potters Bar, EN6 2HN
The Wyllyotts TheatreDarkes Lane, Potters Bar, EN6 2HN
Loughborough: 27th - 29th February 2020 Loughborough Town Hall Market Pl, Loughborough LE11 3EB
27feb7:30 pm9:45 pmLoughborough: 27th - 29th February 2020
The 1950's are out and change is in the air! Hairspray, winner of 8 Tony Awards including Best Musical, is a family-friendly musical piled bouffant high with laughter, romance, and deliriously tuneful songs set
The 1950's are out and change is in the air! Hairspray, winner of 8 Tony Awards including Best Musical, is a family-friendly musical piled bouffant high with laughter, romance, and deliriously tuneful songs set in Baltimore, 1962.
Market Pl, Loughborough LE11 3EB
Loughborough Town HallMarket Pl, Loughborough LE11 3EB
WGC: 5th - 7th March 2020 Hawthorne Theatre Campus West
05mar7:30 pm9:45 pmWGC: 5th - 7th March 2020
Featuring chart-topping Queen songs including "Another One Bites the Dust," "Bohemian Rhapsody," "Killer Queen," "We Will Rock You," "Somebody To Love," "We Are the Champions," and many more, this adaptation
Featuring chart-topping Queen songs including "Another One Bites the Dust," "Bohemian Rhapsody," "Killer Queen," "We Will Rock You," "Somebody To Love," "We Are the Champions," and many more, this adaptation of the West End show follows two young rebels as they restore rock 'n' roll to "the iPlanet" in a post-apocalyptic world. WE WILL ROCK YOU Young@Part® is a musical for our time: a fist-pumping, foot-stomping anthem to individuality.
Hawthorne Theatre
6 march, 2020 7:30 pm7 march, 2020 2:30 pm7 march, 2020 7:30 pm
Hawthorne TheatreCampus West
St Albans: 5th - 7th March 2020 Alban Arena Civic Centre, St Albans, AL1 3LD
05mar7:30 pm10:00 pmSt Albans: 5th - 7th March 2020
The final collaboration between Rodgers & Hammerstein was destined to become the world's most beloved musical. When a postulant proves too high-spirited for the religious life, she is dispatched to
The final collaboration between Rodgers & Hammerstein was destined to become the world's most beloved musical. When a postulant proves too high-spirited for the religious life, she is dispatched to serve as governess for the seven children of a widowed naval Captain. Her growing rapport with the youngsters, coupled with her generosity of spirit, gradually captures the heart of the stern Captain, and they marry. Upon returning from their honeymoon they discover that Austria has been invaded by the Nazis, who demand the Captain's immediate service in their navy. The family's narrow escape over the mountains to Switzerland on the eve of World War II provides one of the most thrilling and inspirational finales ever presented in the theatre. The motion picture version remains the most popular movie musical of all time.
(Thursday) 7:30 pm - 10:00 pm
Alban Arena
Civic Centre, St Albans, AL1 3LD
Alban ArenaCivic Centre, St Albans, AL1 3LD
Peterborough: 13th - 14th March 2020 The Cresset rightwell, Peterborough, PE3 8DX
13mar7:30 pm9:45 pmPeterborough: 13th - 14th March 2020
The Cresset
rightwell, Peterborough, PE3 8DX
14 march, 2020 2:30 pm14 march, 2020 7:30 pm
The Cressetrightwell, Peterborough, PE3 8DX
Basildon: 19th - 21st March 2020 Towngate Theatre St Martin's Sqaure, Basildon, SS14 1DL
19mar7:30 pm9:45 pmBasildon: 19th - 21st March 2020
Disney Channel's smash hit movie musical comes to life on your stage! Troy, Gabriella, and the students of East High must deal with issues of first love, friends, and family
Disney Channel's smash hit movie musical comes to life on your stage! Troy, Gabriella, and the students of East High must deal with issues of first love, friends, and family while balancing their classes and extra curricular activities.
It's the first day after winter break at East High. The Jocks, Brainiacs, Thespians and Skater Dudes find their cliques, recount their vacations, and look forward to the new year. Basketball team captain and resident jock Troy discovers that the brainy Gabriella, a girl he met singing karaoke on his ski trip, has just enrolled at East High. They cause an upheaval when they decide to audition for the high school musical, led by Ms. Darbus. Although many students resent the threat posed to the "status quo," Troy and Gabriella's alliance might just open the door for others to shine as well.
St Martin's Sqaure, Basildon, SS14 1DL
20 march, 2020 7:30 pm21 march, 2020 2:30 pm21 march, 2020 7:30 pm
Towngate TheatreSt Martin's Sqaure, Basildon, SS14 1DL
Portsmouth: 26th - 28th March 2020 New Theatre Royal 20-24 Guildhall Walk, Portsmouth, PO1 2DD
26mar7:30 pm9:45 pmPortsmouth: 26th - 28th March 2020
New Theatre Royal
20-24 Guildhall Walk, Portsmouth, PO1 2DD
New Theatre Royal20-24 Guildhall Walk, Portsmouth, PO1 2DD
Would you like to work for RARE?
As RARE expands we are always looking for new Director, Musical Directors and Choreographers to join our team.
Contact RARE


text:
Den dansk-tyske grænse (på dansk ofte blot kaldet grænsen eller landegrænsen) er 68 km lang og adskiller Danmark og Tyskland.

Historie
Ved en traktat i 811 blev Ejderen anerkendt som grænse mellem Danmark og Frankerriget. Langs Ejderen var der ubeboede områder præget af sump og skov. Syd herfor boede der saksere, og mod sydøst slavere.

Ejderen forblev op til 1864 grænseflod mellem Sønderjylland eller Hertugdømmet Slesvig (som dansk rigslen) og Hertugdømmet Holsten (som tysk-romersk rigslen, fra 1815 medlem af det tyske forbund). Sproggrænsen lå i middelalderen mellem Egernførde og Husum, men vandrede efterhånden mod nord.

Defitionen af grænsen var dog i praksis uklar, og dette skulle senere blive et stort stridspunkt i 1800-tallet. Der var flere slags grænser: Grænsen mellem kongeriget og hertugdømmerne gik ved Kongeåen, den statsretlige grænse mellem Slesvig som dansk og Holsten som tysk lensområde gik ved Ejderen, og sydgrænsen for den danske helstat (det danske monarki) gik ved Elben og Hamborgs bygrænse.

Grænsen af 1864
I 1864 blev hertugdømmerne Slesvig og Holsten erobret af Prøjsen, og derefter blev der etableret en international grænse mellem Danmark og den prøjsiske provins Slesvig-Holsten. De kongerigske enklaver blev af praktiske grunde givet til Preussen, men til gengæld fik Danmark lov at beholde nogle slesvigske sogne sydøst for Kolding. Grænsen 1864-1920 gik 5 km syd for Ribe og derefter i en kurve mod nord 5 km fra Ribe, hvor den ramte Kongeåen, som den fulgte indtil syd om Vamdrup. Her fortsatte den mod øst til Lillebælt, lige nord for Christiansfeld. Vamdrup station blev den vigtigste grænseovergang på jernbanen mellem Danmark og Tyskland.

Clausenlinjen, genforeningen og grænsen af 1920
Omkring 1890 foreslog historikeren H.V. Clausen en grænselinje, som stort set er den nuværende – den såkaldte Clausenlinje. Dette svarede til den tidligere grænse mellem dansk og tysk kirkesprog, og den svarede stort set til grænsen mellem flertal for dansk og tysk sindelag. Sproggrænsen gik dog 10-20 km længere mod syd – det vil sige at det midtslesvigske område var primært dansktalende (sønderjysk dialekt) og tysksindet. Forholdet i Flensborg by var omvendt: tysktalende, men med dansksindet flertal endnu i 1867. Clausen undlod derfor at definere linjen omkring Flensborg. Clausen havde et stort lokalkendskab, og linjen fulgte stort set den bredt anerkendte skillelinje mellem Nordslesvig og Mellem-/Sydslesvig.

I fredsaftalen fra 1864 var der lovet en mulighed for at Nordslesvig kunne vælge sit tilhørsforhold ved en afstemning. Paragraffen blev ophævet i 1879. Da Tyskland tabte 1. verdenskrig, blev det i fredstraktaten af Versailles af 1919 igen fastlagt at der skulle afholdes en afstemning i Slesvig.

Ved folkeafstemningen i 1920 stemte et flertal i Nordslesvig (det nuværende danske Sønderjylland) for at komme til Danmark, mens et flertal i Mellemslesvig stemte for Tyskland. Kun nogle ganske små områder syd for afstemningsgrænsen havde dansk flertal. Tre ud af de fire købstæder i Nordslesvig havde tysk flertal, men to af de tre var omringet af danske flertalsområder, og det var på forhånd besluttet at hele Nordslesvig-zonen skulle holdes samlet.

Resultatet blev genforeningen af 1920, hvor grænsen blev trukket mellem de to afstemningszoner, hvilket er den nuværende grænse. Sproggrænsen lå stadig noget længere mod syd. Siden 1950'erne har sproggrænsen stort set fulgt statsgrænsen, men der findes stadig nogle ældre talere af dansk (sønderjysk) i bæltet 5-10 km syd for grænsen.

Konsekvensen af grænsen blev i mellemkrigstiden at der var et relativt stort tysk mindretal i Danmark, især i området mellem Tinglev, Tønder og grænsen. De tyske nordslesvigere krævede en grænseflytning mod nord gennem hele mellemkrigstiden, og store dele af mindretallet sluttede sig senere til nazismen. Det danske mindretal i Sydslesvig var derimod relativt lille og primært aktivt i Flensborg, indtil der kom stor tilslutning til mindretallet fra 1945.

Krav om grænseflytning efter 1945
Efter 2. verdenskrig blev forholdene omvendt: Det danske mindretal syd for grænsen voksede stærkt, og der kom krav om at flytte grænsen mod syd. Den danske regering erklærede dog allerede den 9. maj 1945, at "grænsen ligger fast". Dette blev i svar på briternes septembernote i efteråret 1946 bekræftet, men store dele af den danske og sydslesvigske befolkning var uenig. De store danske sympatier syd for grænsen blev svækket i løbet af 1947, efterhånden som forventningen om grænseflytning svandt. Men som varigt resultat var det danske mindretal blevet styrket og organiseret i hele Sydslesvig.

Den danske (sønderjyske) dialekt forblev efter 1920 dagligsproget i sognene lige syd for grænsen, både hos tysk- og dansksindede, men blev fortrængt fra 1950'erne og frem pga. tilflytning sydfra og flygtninge fra de tyske østområder. Den slesvig-holstenske regering støttede tilflytningen via landbrugs- og egnsudvikling i Programm Nord fra 1953,, som både havde økonomiske og nationalpolitiske formål. Som modsvar på den dansksindede bevægelse blev der også skabt en tysk kulturoffensiv, bl.a. med foreningen Grenzfriedensbund.

Det tyske mindretal nord for grænsen oplevede tilbagegang efter 1945, og alle krav om grænseflytning blev opgivet. Ikke-nazistiske kredse i det tyske mindretal besluttede at fortsætte det kulturelle arbejde og afgav en loyalitetserklæring til Danmark den 1. december 1945.

Mindretallene på begge sider er nu støttede af henholdsvis den danske og den tyske stat, men især syd for grænsen var der utilfredshed hos det danske mindretal med at de danske privatskoler og børnehaver ikke fik samme tilskud som den offentlige skole. Siden 2014 er de danske skoler i Sydslesvig nu ligestillet med de tyske

Ifølge Morgenthauplanen fra 1944 skulle den danske sydgrænse flyttes ned til kanalzonen nord for Kielerkanalen , og kanalzonen skulle internationaliseres. Planen gik ud på at reducere det besejrede Tyskland til en landbrugsstat og overføre store områder til nabolandene som krigsskadeerstatning og for at forhindre fremtidig tysk aggressivitet. Planen var aldrig officiel politik, kun et forslag fra den amerikanske finansminister Henry Morgenthau, og blev droppet senest 1947.

Grænseovergange

Der findes en række grænseovergange mellem Danmark og Tyskland langs grænsen mellem de to lande i Region Syddanmark omgivet af de danske kommuner Tønder, Aabenraa og Sønderborg, og de tyske Kreise Nordfrisland og Slesvig-Flensborg i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten. Landegrænsen er ca. 60 km lang.

Schengen og afskaffelse af grænsekontrol
I 2001 blev al fast grænsekontrol fjernet som følge af Schengen-aftalen. Derefter kan grænsen passeres frit. Der er ingen forhindring mod passage af grænsen, ud over markering med grænsesten og skiltning på de veje, der krydser grænsen.

I kølvandet på den svenske og norske grænsekontrol i forbindelse med flygtningekrisen i Europa 2015 indførte regeringen den 4. januar 2016 midlertidig grænsekontrol mellem Danmark og Tyskland fra kl. 12 samme dag.

Grænsen blev helt lukket under Coronakrisen i 2020 fra både dansk og tysk side.

Vildsvinehegnet

I 2017 fremlagde den danske regering planer om et hegn mod vildsvin langs hele grænsen, med det formål at beskytte dansk landbrug mod smitte fra afrikansk svinepest, som har bredt sig i Østeuropa. Kritikere rejste tvivl om nytten af hegnet, bl.a. fordi vildsvinene også kan svømme over Flensborg Fjord. Hegnet blev rejst i 2019.

I 2020/21 har også Tyskland opført et vildsvinehegn langs den tysk-polske grænse.

Kort

Referencer

Danmarks grænser
Tysklands grænser
Forholdet mellem Danmark og Tyskland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Friday round-up
All roads lead to Melbourne on Grand Final eve...Footy team crap? then ban them from playing...Rugby Union's cred challenge...
A Victorian in flight on Grand Final eve: I managed to snare one of the few remaining seats out of Sydney for Melbourne last night. Sydney Airport was full of people in red and white scarves – and also West Coast colours. I got talking to two guys who had been forced to fly Perth-Sydney-Melbourne because the direct Perth-Melbourne flights were full. Some friends of theirs had dipped out altogether and were believed to be driving through Port Augusta, more or less, as we spoke. This is all good news for the national competition and the Victorian economy. The MCG has become our nation's Wembley, as is only right. What I could do without are the smug lectures from interstate fans about what's wrong with Victorian football, how we Victorian fans don't understand how footy works and why we need to embrace the bigger picture. Lucky I'm not a Kangaroo, Hawk or Bulldog fan. I might have been less polite. As it stands, (shrug), let's hope tomorrow's grand final even vaguely matches up to last year's game. Go the winner!
Calling all shrinks in the Oscoda area: The way my junior coaches in any sport used to tell it, sport is about "building character", gaining skills and self-confidence, learning about yourself, your limits, about the joy and effectiveness of team work. All that stuff … which means the counsellors at Oscoda High School, in Michigan, America, have their work cut out right now. The school has just cancelled the school's senior football team's entire season because they are so, well, crap. The Bay City Times, reported on AP, carried the story of this team, which was reportedly so undersized and overwhelmed in the first four games of the season that the coaches held genuine fears for the players' safety. Oscoda hadn't scored a single point in its four appearances but that wasn't what worried the management. "I have 28 years of coaching experience in high school and college, and I know the difference between a team playing bad and a team that's unsafe," said coach Kyle Tobin. The players have pleaded to be allowed to play but it looks as though it's game over. ""All I ever wanted to do was play football," sniffed senior quarterback Mike Gondek. The couch is over there.
Killer blow to the sport of Rugby Union? Rugby Union faces its greatest ever credibility challenge after a former boy-band member was included in the Scottish national team training squad yesterday. Thom Evans was a member of Twen2y4Se7en (definitely a band for the SMS generation), which was so successful it once supported Peter Andre. "It was never serious, just a time away from rugby but I trained really hard and came back refreshed and raring to go," Evans told The Times. Yeah, sure, dancing boy. Tell it to the judge – by which, we obviously mean Mark Holden.


Yaroshuk-Tews, who is in the UM Sports Hall of Fame along with her former baseball-playing father Ernie Yaroshuk, also won the award in 2013.
The Canes are ranked seventh nationally, with sophomore Sinead Lohan ranked eighth nationally.
Wagner and sophomore Wendy Zhang are ranked 12th in doubles.
Wagner's career record is 132-42, one victory shy of former Cane Bianca Eichkorn's (133-31).
The Hurricanes (19-5, 12-2 ACC) begin their quest for a national title this weekend in the first two rounds of the NCAA tournament at the Neil Schiff Tennis Center on Friday and Saturday.
The Canes will make their 21st consecutive NCAA appearance, hosting Wichita State, TCU and Quinnipiac in the regionals.
Miami opens at 2 p.m. Friday against Quinnipiac.


text:
More Changes in Store for the Traditional Textbook Model?
By Geoffrey H. Fletcher
Rob Eissler, Texas Republican legislator from The Woodlands, is adamant about the need to keep students in school and that a key to doing that is having engaging instructional materials. "The old form of content delivery is not the preferred form by the coming generation," he told me. "Their culture is different, and so is their mode of communication. Rather than have us force kids to the old way, we need use their way of learning and communicating. That's why I co-authored this bill."
In a press release about this bill, co-author Dan Branch, Republican from Dallas, said, "We owe it to our students to give school districts more flexibility to utilize interactive, digital content. A traditional textbook is a vehicle for content delivery, but for many students, that vehicle is quickly becoming a horse and buggy."
The bill is House Bill 4294, and it passed out of the House Public Education Committee the week of April 13. In short, the bill would modify the current process of adopting textbooks in Texas, one of the largest purchasers of textbooks in the country. It would:
Allow the state textbook fund to be used to purchase technological equipment;
Create a commissioner's list of electronic textbooks and instructional materials that would bypass the Texas State Board of Education, a notorious gauntlet fraught with politics; and
Require that school districts purchase a classroom set of textbooks adopted by the State Board of Education for each subject and grade level in the state curriculum.
If the bill does become law, what does this mean for school districts and students in Texas and across the country? The simple answer is: "It depends." It depends a lot on the commissioner's rules that will be created to implement the commissioner's list. The devil may indeed by in those details. But following are two brief scenarios illustrating my guess after talking with people in the legislature, the Texas Education Agency, and people who have been involved from all sides of this bill.
Traditional Independent School District
This district is comfortable and happy with the way their textbooks have worked in their schools. They would order all their books from the State Board of Education's list, many of which have electronic components. The state would pick up the cost and ship the books--one per student per course that is available that year, as usual. HB 4294 changes nothing for Traditional ISD.
Innovative Independent School District
This district would order the classroom sets for a course as required from the State Board of Education list. For the ease of math, let's say that the Algebra books go for $50 per student. Innovative ISD has four classes of Algebra at 25 students per class, for a total of 100 students. They are allotted $50 (per book) x 100 (students) = $5,000. They order one class set (only one classroom) of the books off the SBOE list $50 (per book) x 25 students = $1,250. That leaves them $3750 to use for electronic textbooks, instructional materials, and associated technology from the commissioner's list. Granted, $3,750 won't buy you a lot of technology with your content, but this is content and technology that Innovative ISD would have had to buy with state or local funds before HB 4294.
I also see the potential is enormous for students, for school districts and for the market.
Johnny Veselka, executive director of the Texas Association of School Administrators (TASA), noted, "HB 4294 is critical for our Texas schools and our students. It will allow local school districts the ability to choose cutting-edge, relevant curricula that will best meet the needs of our students." He told me this is consistent with work that TASA has pulled together over the last two years in Creating a New Vision for Public Education in Texas. (Go to tasaonline.org, and click on Visioning Institute.) Relevant is a term that Representative Eissler used as well. "If the resources are interesting and relevant, students will get excited and be less likely to drop out," he said. At the press conference for this bill, virtually every speaker from the co-authors of the bill to representatives from nine different organizations supporting the bill all talked about student engagement in some form.
For districts, it could mean greater use of the materials they receive from the state. As THE Journal held hearings as a part of the Congress on the Future of Content initiative, our task force heard tale after tale of shrink-wrapped pallets of books in warehouses that were not being used. Kari Rhame, president of the Texas Computer Education Association, was quoted in the press release echoing the same problem: "We shouldn't tie the hands of our school districts by forcing them to spend money on books that are simply sitting in warehouses collecting dust."
It also will give districts additional money to purchase the technology that they need to take advantage of these electronic textbooks and instructional materials with the change that allows districts to use textbook funds to purchase technology. While the commissioner's rules are still a matter of speculation, everyone familiar with the intent of the bill says that districts will not be able to just purchase any technology they want with textbook funds; instead, a technology purchase will have to be tied directly to the electronic textbook or instructional materials on the commissioner's list. Even with that limitation, this bill would be a boon to technology companies. If districts can purchase electronic textbooks and instructional materials with state textbook money instead of local funds as they need to do now, that will leave them additional dollars to purchase technology.
The instructional materials market, however, is where the biggest changes could occur, which in turn will reinforce the changes for students and districts noted above. That seems to be the intent of Representative Eissler. He said, "I told the technology folks that if the market knows the revenue will be there, then the market will invest." In other words, with the incentives both to school districts to purchase electronic materials off the commissioner's list and to companies for a less odious process to getting materials available in the state, and the virtual guarantee that the State of Texas will fund electronic materials, there is a huge market here. Smart companies will be gearing up to enter the market immediately.
House Bill 4294 still has a long way to go--being passed by the House, getting through the Senate, and then getting signed by Governor Rick Perry of Texas--but indications are it has a good chance. Eissler is chair of the Public Education Committee and, along with co-author and Chair of the Higher Education Committee Representative Dan Branch, Republican from Dallas, has lined up an impressive set of co-authors, not to mention support from an array of organizations and associations, including the Texas Association of School Administrators, Texas Association of School Boards, Texas Computer Education Association, Texas Association of Manufacturers, Texas Association of Business, TechNet, TechAmerica, the Texas Reform Caucus, and, of all people, the Texas Conservative Coalition.
There also is a chance that the bill could be merged with one of two other bills circulating the Texas Legislature, including Representative Hochberg's (D-Houston) HB 2488 or one of the bills altering the duties and responsibilities of the State Board of Education.