text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
The packing of granular materials has a well-established history of inquiry, bolstered by theoretical, experimental, and numerical works aimed at understanding these far-from equilibrium systems~\cite{ellenbroek2009,majmudar2007,desmond2009,dagois2012,goodrich2014,coulais2014,morse2017,chaudhuri2010,bitzek2006,morse2014,tighe2014,tordesillas2011}. While individual particles/grains are considered discrete solids, granular amalgams can display a broader range of behavior, transitioning between liquid, glass, and solid-like states~\cite{liu2010,vaagberg2013,mari2009}. This diverse behavior provides direct contrast for situations in which granular matter interacts with a continuum, such as a thin elastic structure. Though in general these coupled interactions are less well understood, they provide a useful connection to many real-world systems. Previous work on root growth has shed light on granular force-chain development and propagation~\cite{kolb2017,kolb2012,whiteley1982,oliva2007,bengough2005}. The study of burrowing bivalves \& crustaceans and of the locomotive strategies in desert dwelling reptiles~\cite{dorgan2015,atkinson2015,maladen2009,young2003} highlights some of the impediments to motion that are specific to moving in and around granular materials. Recent inquiries have aimed to create a general physical framework for these elastogranular phenomena through the analysis of the large elastic deformations of thin rods embedded in both horizontal and vertically oriented granular systems~\cite{kolb2013,mojdehi2016,schunter2018,algarra2018}. With previous investigations either neglecting the role of grain size distribution or limited to monodisperse arrays, questions regarding bidispersity and disruptions to crystalline order, remain open.

\section{Elastogranular Systems}
\label{sec:2}

In this Letter, we consider the buckling and packing of an elastica within a nearly frictionless, bidisperse granular bed. Experimentally, an unbent elastica of initial arclength $L_0$ (equal to the distance separating the clamped/roller boundary conditions that ensure strictly planar deformations and permit additional arclength to enter the system), is confined to deform within 2D arrays of soft hydrogel grains ($\text{M}^2$ Polymer \& MagicWaterBeads). Binary (50:50) mixtures of large $(r_1)$ and small $(r_2)$ radii grains, with diameter ratio $\eta=r_1/r_2$, are randomly placed at equal initial packing fractions $\phi_0$ within the areas $\{B_1,B_2\}$ on both sides of the slender structure [see Fig.~\ref{fig1}]. Here we consider three diameter ratios, with $\eta \in [1.0, 1.2, 1.9]$, prepared over a range of initial packing fractions. At the start of an experiment (for a granular array with a particular $\eta$ and $\phi_0$), we begin increasing the arclength quasi-statically in small increments $\Delta$ $(\sim 0.2\,mm)$, such that the new, current arclength is: $L = L_0 + \Delta$ [Fig.~\ref{fig1} and video S1]. This allows for the observation of both the onset of buckling and characteristic postbuckling morphologies [Figs. 1(i)-1(iii)]~\cite{bigoni2015}.
Using bidispersity as a small perturbation~\cite{kurita2010} to the fragile, hexagonally-packed states that arise in monodisperse arrays ($\eta=1.0$;~\cite{schunter2018}), our aim is to gradually frustrate this global crystalline structure to better understand and characterize elastogranular behaviors in systems where the granular medium acts more like an amorphous solid~\cite{mermin1968}.
\begin{figure}
\resizebox{1.0\columnwidth}{!}{\includegraphics{schematic2.pdf}}
\caption{View of experimental set-up. The arclength of a planar elastica is quasi-statically increased by an amount $\Delta$ within granular monolayers at varying diameter ratio $\eta$ (here $\eta=1.9$) and initial prepared packing fraction $\phi_0$. The frames shown above are at the same injected arclength value $\Delta/L_0=0.43$.}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

\section{The Elastogranular Length Scale}
\label{sec:3}

To better understand the role of bidispersity within elastogranular phenomena, we begin by comparing systems representing two extremes: monodisperse arrays (where $\eta=1.0$) and arrays with moderate to large bisdispersity ($\eta > 1.4$; here $\eta=1.9$)~\cite{kurita2010}. A wide range of experimental packing fractions $\left(0\leq\phi_0\lesssim0.89\right)$ were prepared from which to sample. In general, when the initial packing fraction of an array is below the jamming threshold $\left(\phi_0<\phi_j\right)$, the dominant system effects originate with the deforming elastica.

In the present experiments, the evolution of the granular contact network, (namely, the reconfigurations taking place due to the lengthening elastica) will not be completely random, as the preparation history of individual packings can allow for small locally crystalline regions to form~\cite{schreck2011,estrada2016,o'hern2003,hamanaka2007,vanhecke2009}. However, given the lack of thermal excitations and the quasi-static nature of arclength injection, we observe no preferential migrations ({\em i.e.} phase separations) of grains towards specific areas of the system~\cite{vaagberg2013,schnautz2005,hamanaka2006} or dominating behavior of one grain size over another within the experimental packings~\cite{kurita2010}.

In the nascent stages of an experiment when $\Delta$ just begins to increase, the thin structure will buckle into a single side of the enclosure (either area $B_1$ or $B_2$),  eventually adopting a mode one postbuckling configuration defined by a primary amplitude $A_0$ and the critical, average half-wavelength $\lambda_c$ measured at low $\Delta/L_0$~\cite{schunter2018}. In pre-jamming arrays $\left(\phi_0<\phi_j\right)$, the elastica will displace grains as additional arclength enters, changing the underlying area available to the granular medium and causing a gradual increase in packing fraction on the side in which $A_0$ grows [Figs. 1(i)-1(iii)]. This side eventually reaches a jammed state at a critical packing fraction $\phi_j$. Critical packing fractions are determined in separate experiments for each value of $\eta$ by placing grains within a rectangular enclosure (as in Fig.~\ref{fig1}) with an adjustable internal area, made possible by a single, rigid actuating wall of length $2W_0$. Taking force measurements with a load-cell (Interface) mounted to the fixed wall opposite the actuating boundary, we determine $\phi_j$ as the point at which the reaction force within the granular array is observed to increase rapidly under continuous quasi-static compression. (See videos S2, S3 and the Supplemental Material in Ref.~\cite{schunter2018} for movies of these compression tests). From these experiments, we find $\phi_j=\{0.8305\pm0.0135,0.8277\pm0.0134,0.7950\pm0.0110\}$ for $\eta=[1.0,1.2,1.9]$, respectively. At comparable initial packing fractions ($\phi_0<\phi_j$), Fig.~\ref{fig2}(a) suggests that even moderate to large ($\eta > 1.4$;~\cite{kurita2010}) bidispersity has little effect on a system's behavior below and on approach to $\phi_j$. Nearly equivalent behaviors are observed between experiments where $\eta=1.9$ (light blue circles) and $\eta=1.0$ (yellow diamonds;~\cite{schunter2018}).

To induce jamming in monodisperse packings, we showed that the critical injection length $\Delta_c$, or the {\em elastogranular} length of this system, can be determined by approximating the area removed from one side of the array as being triangular in shape [inset, Fig.~\ref{fig2}(b)]~\cite{schunter2018}. The primary amplitude is connected to the wavelength by the so--called {\em slaving} condition~\cite{davidovitch2012,paulsen2018}, {\em i.e.} $A_0/\lambda \sim (\Delta/\pi^2L)^{1/2}$, which provides a convenient way to approximate the area consumed by the elastica's deformation as a function of injected arclength. For a fixed number of grains, the critical injection length is found by comparing the area consumed by the elastica with the area that needs to be removed to induce jamming, yielding the relation~\cite{schunter2018}:
\begin{equation}
\label{1}
\frac{\Delta_c}{L_0}\sim \left(\frac{L_0}{\lambda_c}\right)^4\left(1-\frac{\phi_0}{\phi_j}\right)^2\,.
\end{equation}
We plot this equation in Fig.~\ref{fig2}(b) using values of $\Delta_c$ experimentally measured in arrays where $\eta=1.9$ (light blue circles), along with data from~\cite{schunter2018} (yellow diamonds) for arrays where $\eta=1.0$. Below jamming, it seems that individual packings of bidisperse grains follow the same scaling law as for monodisperse grains. These results, along with the evolution of $\phi$ as a function of $\Delta/L_0$ in Fig.~\ref{fig2}(a), indicate that below jamming the elastica is sensitive to the initial packing fraction~\cite{schunter2018}, but insensitive to variability in the grain size ratio.
\begin{figure}
\resizebox{1.0\columnwidth}{!}{\includegraphics{polyDispOverTime_2.pdf}}
\caption{(a) Comparison of pre-jamming behavior for both $\eta=1.9$ (light blue circles) and $\eta=1.0$ (yellow diamonds;~\cite{schunter2018}) arrays. The dashed-dotted (dashed) lines correspond to the critical jamming packing fractions $\phi_j$ for $\eta=1.9$ ($\eta=1.0$) arrays, respectively. (b) The elastogranular length scale $\Delta_c$ is observed to hold in bidisperse arrays ($\eta=1.9$, light blue circles) for $\phi_0<\phi_j$. The dashed line is Eq. $(\textbf{\ref{1}})$, plotted with a slope of 1/2 and the yellow diamonds correspond to experiments with $\eta=1.0$ where the elastogranular length scale was observed, originally discussed in Ref.~\cite{schunter2018}.}

\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

\section{Elastogranular Frustration}
\label{sec:4}

In contrast to the situation below jamming, the behavior of packings prepared above $\phi_j$ tends to be dictated by the highly dense granular array~\cite{schunter2018}. In the monodisperse case, the elastica is seen to localize deformations within a diamond-shaped ``lozange" region, the boundary contour of which is set by the tendency of the grains towards hexagonal packing, and the length of which is governed by a characteristic granular length scale $\lambda_c$, reflecting the extent to which forces originating with the thin structure may diffuse out into the medium~\cite{schunter2018}. In these configurations the elastica is kinematically frustrated. With the introduction of bidispersity, where $\eta>1.0$, we begin to observe a qualitative change in the way curvature $\kappa(s)$ localizes along the curvilinear coordinate $s$ of the arclength of the lengthening elastica.

\begin{figure*}
    \centering
    \begin{minipage}[b]{0.5\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{UbOverTime.pdf}

    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=6cm,height=3.25cm]{UbU0.pdf}

        \vspace{\baselineskip}
        \vspace{.15cm}
         \includegraphics[width=5.5cm,height=2.25cm]{angles.pdf}

    \end{minipage}
\caption{(a) Comparison of bending energy values. The evolution of the bending energy $U_{\text{b}}$ as a function of injected arclength is shown for the free antisymmetric elastica (red squares), $\eta=1.0$ (yellow diamonds), $\eta=1.2$ (dark blue triangles), and $\eta=1.9$ (light blue circles), where $\phi_0>\phi_j$. The solid line is the numerical solution for the ideal case of a doubly-clamped, antisymmetric elastica when rescaled by the appropriate beam material and geometric properties. (b) For a fixed injection length $L/L_0=1.25$ [dashed vertical line, (a)] in arrays with equal $\phi_0$, the dimensionless bending energy, normalized by the free-case bending energy $U_0$ [red squares, (a)], is observed to decrease as the diameter ratio $\eta$ becomes larger. (c) Defining the inclination angles $\{\theta,\beta\}$, inflection point $(p)$, and clamped-roller boundary conditions, along with the numerically calculated elastica profile (at fixed injection length $L/L_0=1.25$).}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure*}

We quantify this gradual change from over confinement by looking at the elastica's bending energy~\cite{landau1986}: $U_{\text{b}}=\frac{\text{B}}{2}\int_{0}^{L}\kappa(s)^2 \ \text{d}s$, the energy required to bend a structure characterized by a bending rigidity $B=EI$, where $E$ is the material's elastic modulus, and $I$ is the second moment of area (given by $I=h^3b/12$ for a beam of thickness $h$ and width $b$ as measured out of the plane in Fig.~\ref{fig1}). Above the jamming threshold, the dense granular arrays act as an ``effective" elastic medium, confining the elastica with approximately equal pressure contributions from side $B_1$ and $B_2$. Due to this assumed average force balance within the granular bed, we expect the buckling geometry that minimizes bending energy in the beam to be equivalent to the bending energy of an antisymmetric, doubly-clamped elastica. The governing differential equation for this problem is given by:
\begin{equation}
\label{elastica}
\psi''(s)+\gamma^2\sin \psi(s) = 0 \ \ \ \ \forall \ s \in [0, L/2],
\end{equation}
where $\gamma^2=(P^2+R^2)^{1/2}/B$, where $P$ and $R$ are the axial and transverse reaction forces, respectively, at the clamped ends~\cite{bigoni2015}. The angle $\psi(s)=\theta(s) + \beta$ defines the tangent at $s$ relative to $\beta$, which is the inclination of $P$ and $R$ with respect to the axial direction [Fig.~\ref{fig3}(c)]~\cite{bigoni2015}. Equation~\ref{elastica} is valid from $0\leq s \leq L/2$, as its symmetry about the inflection point $(p)$ at $L/2$ reduces the problem to two equivalent clamped--pinned beams.

The boundary conditions for this reduced problem become $\psi(0)=\beta$ and $\psi(L/2)=0$, and an additional (global) kinematic constraint: $\int_0^{L/2}  \sin(\psi(s)-\beta) ~\text{d}s$, ensures the vanishing of transverse displacements at the clamped end and the inflection point. Solutions to this system of equations are highly non--trivial (see~\cite{bigoni2015} for a clear and detailed explanation), and result in parametric equations for the in--plane displacements, $x(s)$ and $y(s)$. For an elastica that is elongating between two fixed ends, we can multiply the parametric equations by a scalar $\Gamma$ that represents an increment in ``growth'' of the curve~\cite{schunter2018}, such that
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\label{x}
x_g(s) &= \Gamma x(s)\,,\\
\label{y}
y_g(s) &= \Gamma y(s)\,.
\end{align}
\end{subequations}

Unlike the symmetric elastica deformation described in~\cite{schunter2018}, the antisymmetric case depends on two related angles $\psi$ and $\beta$. We used Newton's method for numerical root finding in the commercial software \textsc{Mathematica} to determine $\beta = f(\psi)$. The injected length $\Delta$ is found by numerically integrating the parametric equations~\ref{x} and~\ref{y} for a range of $\Gamma$-values. Finally, the bending energy of these curves is found by numerically integrating the square of the arc curvature [solid line, Fig.~\ref{fig3}(a)]. By measuring the experimentally observed bending energy in the elastica for representative runs at each value of $\eta$ investigated, we can utilize these numerical results to determine the extent to which variations in $\eta$ may drive the elastica towards this assumed minimal energy configuration [Fig.~\ref{fig3}].

To determine the bending energy $U_{\text{b}}$ for experimental runs, the elastica's deformation profile is extracted from each frame of an image sequence and subsequently discretized using custom image processing code written in MATLAB. Fitting polygons to these discrete points, we can obtain a measurement of the analytic curvature at each point, quantities which are then summed and squared over the elastica's arclength. Indeed, in Fig. 3(a) we observe a gradual decrease in $U_{\text{b}}$ as $\eta$ is made larger, with $U_{\text{b}}[\eta=1.9]$ (light blue circles) less than $U_{\text{b}}[\eta=1.2]$ (dark blue triangles), which in turn is less than $U_{\text{b}}[\eta=1.0]$ (yellow diamonds).

\begin{figure*}
\resizebox{1.0\textwidth}{!}{\includegraphics[height=7cm]{dispFields.pdf}}
\caption{Granular displacement fields at equivalent initial packing fraction ($\phi_0=0.89$) and low injected arclength ($\Delta/L_0\approx0.014$). As the diameter ratio $\eta=1.0$ (a) increases to $\eta=1.2$ (b), $\eta=1.9$ (c), the mobility of grains within the monolayer begins to increase. The crystalline ordering characteristic of $\eta=1.0$ packings (I), which restricts granular motion to small areas of the array, is disrupted by the introduction of bidispersity $[\eta=1.2; (II)]$. At the largest experimentally tested value of $\eta=1.9$, the granular displacement field, no longer confined, is observed along the entire length of the elastica (III). We have outlined one respective size of grain radii used in preparing a specific $\eta$-valued array in (b),(c) to aid visualization.}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure*}

To experimentally verify the model, we also performed experiments for the idealized case of a free antisymmetric elastica (with bending energy $U_0$) by artificially pinning the midpoint at a given current length $L$, imaging, and analyzing as in the previous experiments [red squares, Fig.~\ref{fig3}(a)]. The numeric and experimental values of the antisymmetric elastica, which serves as our point of comparison by defining an effective continuum limit (where $\eta>>1$) for more ``fluid-like" arrays, are seen to be in excellent agreement. We expect that this continuum limit would also be reached at fixed $\eta$-values if the grain sizes were decreased relative to the elastica thickness. This question could be addressed in a subsequent study.\\
\indent The bidisperse arrays used here lack the global crystalline order found in the $\eta=1.0$ case, allowing for highly localized regions of curvature in the elastica to relax within the granular medium as opposed to being confined within a characteristic region. At comparable injected arclength $\Delta$ and $\phi_0$, along with decreases in bending energy [Fig.~\ref{fig3}(b)], this relaxation manifests as a difference in the mobility of the surrounding granular array. We quantify this by tracking the motion of individual grains within arrays at each $\eta$-value tested [Figs. 4(I)-4(III)]. The elastica must effectively ``fracture" the more solid--like arrays prepared at $\eta \in [1.0, 1.2]$ in order for additional arclength to enter [Figs. 4(I)-4(II)], resulting in a highly localized granular displacement field restricted to a small area of the system. In monodisperse granular arrays, these high-mobility regions have been observed to occur in close proximity to any disruptions of hexagonal ordering~\cite{schunter2018,sausset2008}. This behavior contrasts what we observe at the largest experimentally tested value of $\eta=1.9$: the granular displacement field is no longer confined to a small, characteristic region and grain motion is observed along the entire extent of the elastica's arclength [Fig.~\ref{fig4}(III)].

\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:5}

It is interesting to note that by introducing geometric frustration (via bidispersity) into the granular medium, we were able to alleviate some of the kinematic frustration present in the confined elastica (observed to adopt a lower energy configuration in Fig.~\ref{fig3}). We speculate the existence of an intermediate range of $\eta$-values and elastica bending rigidity $B$, such that the relative effect each element has on the system balances the other. In this intermediate range, modifications to the rigidity of the thin elastic structure will hypothetically have the same effect as an adjustment to $\eta$. In practice, there are certain physics and engineering scenarios where it may be easier to change the characteristic dimensions of either the elastic structure or the granular medium. Additionally, simple experimental models such as these of coupled, frustrated systems may provide a novel means of investigating equipartition in nonlinear systems~\cite{davidovitch2019}. A thorough understanding of this energy balancing and how elastogranular systems can be ``tuned" will have direct applications to the fields of soil mechanics and civil engineering, and in the development of burrowing robots or steerable needles.

\begin{acknowledgements}
We are grateful for financial support from the National Science Foundation CMMI--CAREER through Mechanics of Materials and Structures (No. 1454153).
\end{acknowledgements}

\section*{Compliance with ethical standards}
\small{\textbf{Conflict of interest} The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.}

\bibliographystyle{spphys}

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Dire Straits' Self-Titled 1978 Debut Distinguished by Jazz-Inflected Mix of Folk, Blues, Country, and Rock: Guitarist Mark Knopfler Displays Uncanny Precision, Intricacy, and Texture. Mastered from the Original Master Tapes and Pressed at RTI for Optimal Sound: Mobile Fidelity 45RPM 2LP Set Engages With Natural Tones, Superb Balances, Reference Imaging, Sterling Clarity. Breakout Dire Straits Album Includes 'Sultans of Swing' and 'Down to the Waterline': Band's Shuffles, Boogies, and Ballads Spark With Crispness, Soulfulness, Coolness. Dire Straits' arresting self-titled debut arrived in the midst of punk's reign but couldn't have been further removed from the era's slash-and-burn style. Recorded in West London in February 1978, the band's tasteful, jazz-inflected set embraces folk, blues, and pub rock while also tracing a direct line back to the beat-oriented sound of early rock n' roll. Country and roots accents further distinguish the British quartet's stripped-down music from any 1970s peers, as does the transparent production, which has remained revered among audiophiles the world over - and which has never been better than on this meticulous analog pressing. Mastered from the original master tapes and pressed at RTI, Mobile Fidelity's 180g 45RPM 2LP version of Dire Straits features natural tonalities, superb balances, you-are-there imaging, deep-black backgrounds, and pristine clarity. Even if you've heard this album hundreds of times before, you've never experienced it with such lifelike sonics and premium richness. This numbered, limited-edition collector's set immerses you within the smoky, laidback atmospherics of every song. This is how all vinyl should sound. Crucial to every arrangement, Mark Knopfler's winding guitar lines emerge with supreme transparency and multi-hued textural detail. His intricate playing comes across as if it's being transmitted via his 60s-era Fender Vibrolux amplifier placed right before you. The cleanliness, dimensions, and live feel are that good. His bandmates, too, benefit from the extra groove space afforded by this 45RPM edition. Rhythms skate and swirl; percussive effects resonate with crispness and attack; the leading edges of notes naturally decay. Dire Straits' strong, well-edited batch of original material further enhances the overall enjoyment and makes the record one whose pleasures go far beyond the organic sonics. Just as Knopfler's narratives pour forth with poetic and surrealist texts, the musical settings - an intoxicating combination of easygoing shuffles, back-hall boogies, and pop-honed ballads - mirror the old-fashioned soulfulness inherent in the classic recordings of the late 50s and early 60s. The lyrics are equally captivating. Drawing from his time as a youth in Newcastle, Leeds, and London, Knopfler invests tunes with an autobiographical slant and emotional connectivity that become obvious the moment he opens his mouth to sing. 'Down to the Waterline,' 'Wild West End,' and 'Lions' all feature colloquial touches that add to their reach. By extension, 'In the Gallery' functions as a tribute to Leeds sculptor Harry Phillips (father of future Knoplfer collaborator, Steve Phillips) while the record's breakout smash, 'Sultans of Swing,' pays homage to struggling bar bands. Through it all, Dire Straits performs with a subtle cool and clever poise that no band ever matched. Just how good is the chemistry? Bob Dylan heard the quartet and invited Knopfler and drummer Pick Withers to play on Slow Train Coming. But even Dylan himself didn't hear Dire Straits sound this magnetic back in it's original heyday. Now, everyone can.
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Pakistan borrowed $15.5bn in first 10 months of FY22
Khaleeq Kiani Published May 24, 2022
ISLAMABAD: Amid external account challenges, Pakistan borrowed more than $15.5bn in foreign loans in the first 10 months of the current fiscal year, about 70pc more than borrowing from foreign sources in the same period last year.
In its monthly report on foreign economic assistance, the Ministry of Economic Affairs said it received about $13.03bn foreign assistance in 10MFY2022.
The ministry's monthly report on foreign inflows showed that the government crossed almost 92.5pc of the $14.09bn target for foreign assistance set for the whole fiscal.
This does not include more than $1.5bn of expensive foreign debt in Naya Pakistan Certificates from overseas Pakistanis or the over $1bn secured from the International Monetary Fund, which arrived in February. Both these loans are reported separately by the State Bank of Pakistan.
As a result, the total foreign debt from external sources since 2018 has reached $51.03bn. The total foreign loans jumped to $55.13bn when slightly more than $4.5bn in IMF funds were also taken into account during the same period.
The data showed that the size of foreign loans had been steadily increasing over the last three and half years; from $10.59bn in FY2018-19 to $10.662bn in FY2019-20 and then reaching $14.28bn in FY2020-21 followed by $13.03bn in the first 10 months of the current fiscal year.
While the annual budget target for foreign debt in 2021-22 was set at $14.088bn, the government borrowed ended up $13.03bn in the first 10 months alone.
There were four major sources of foreign inflows, including $4.05bn from multilateral lenders, followed by $3bn of time deposit from Saudi Arabia, about $2.623bn in commercial loans from private banks and $2.041bn worth of international bonds.
The largest among the bilateral loans came from Saudi Arabia at $201 million, followed by China at $153 million and $64 million from the United States. Total loans from bilateral lenders stood at $486 million in 10 months.
Published in Dawn, May 24th, 2022
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Govt debt increases by Rs4.29tr in FY22
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Azhar Durrani
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Exchange companies to remove cap on dollar rate from today


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About Our Workshop
Art & Politics of East Asia
Protected: Elvin Meng's Paper
December 3, 2021 sitingjiang
12/10 Elvin Meng
December 3, 2021 sitingjiang Leave a Comment
PhD student, Comparative Literature and East Asian Languages & Civilizations
"Joining Jades and the Piping of Heaven: Toward a Diagrammatology of Translation in Early Modern China
合璧與天籟:中國近世翻譯的構象"
Time: Friday, Dec 10, 3-5 pm CT
Zoom Registration Link:
https://uchicago.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJApfuuorzMqHNLxoUNYuNOJgTCa1UWPd065
The Art and Politics of East Asia (APEA) workshop is proud to host Elvin Meng (PhD student, Comparative Literature and East Asian Languages & Civilizations), who will be presenting a draft of his paper, "Joining Jades and the Piping of Heaven: Toward a Diagrammatology of Translation in Early Modern China 合璧與天籟:中國近世翻譯的構象". Jacob Reed (PhD student, Music) will offer a response.
Elvin summarizes his paper as follows:
"Strictly speaking, this project is a reconsideration of print and manuscript Chinese-to-Manchu translations from the Qing (1644-1912) outside bureaucratic settings by means of their specific mise-en-page and contemporaneous understandings of language. I emphasize that the latter was informed by scholastic phonology and Buddhist theology. In its general consequences, this project seeks to understand how "language," and a fortiori "translation," emerge and disperse as concepts in a multilingual milieu through articulations of sound and script, forces of thought and the body.
In the pre-circulated segment of the project, I give a briefly profile of the Manchu language as it is relevant to my discussion, and critically review how "translation" qua information transfer has been central to New Qing History's reevaluation of Manchu sources in the last few decades. I then theorize at length the "joining jade" (Ma. kamcime, Ch. hebi 合璧) mise-en-page format in which many Chinese-to-Manchu translations during the Qing were presented, decentering "language" as the habitual framework for understanding these texts and turning instead to their mediatic affinities to oral interpretation manuals, music scores, and Buddhist spells. I locate the specificity of the format vis-à-vis preexisting strategies of presenting multilingual or translation works on the page, and highlight the prominent role embodied and scripted activities of sounding has played in the history of the "joining jade" form."
Presenter: Elvin Meng is a joint PhD student in the Department of Comparative Literature and the Department of East Asian Languages & Civilizations at the University of Chicago. His research interests include East Asian & European thought, media history & theory, translation, Manchu studies, history of linguistics & mathematics, and modernism.
Respondent: Jacob Reed is a PhD student in music theory and history at the University of Chicago, whose research centers on overlap, conflict, and compensation between words and music. Recent projects have addressed these issues in jazz aesthetics, early Chinese poetics, and recent American popular music.
Please contact Siting Jiang (sitingjiang@uchicago.edu) and Nick Ogonek (nogonek@uchicago.edu) with any questions or concerns.
Nick and Siting, Co-coordinators, Art and Politics of East Asia Workshop, 2021-2
Council on Advanced Studies Workshops
Department of East Asian Languages & Civilizations
Department of History: E. Asia
East Asia Film Library
East Asian Collection at Regenstein Library
The Center for East Asian Studies (CEAS)
© 2023 Art & Politics of East Asia. All rights reserved.


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The flagship product of the business has a layer of memory foam and a layer of poly foam atop it. The leading layer is springy to make sure a sense of balance and comfort. It likewise adds to the feeling of weightlessness as soon as you set. The foams are breathable owing to the open cells in the top layer so you would not feel too hot or uneasy. Sweating is not a concern with Casper mattress. It comes with a zip-off knit cover that is rather simple to clean and preserve, thus ensuring toughness. The bounce is not the best among memory foam bed mattress as Casper is a little bit more durable but sleepers will feel some sensible bounce, which is rather preferable and supplies relief from pressure. The density of the memory foam is high enough to provide sufficient assistance to the different pressure points in the human body. There is a transition layer that distributes your bodyweight equally. The base layer together with the three other layers is strong enough to offer stable assistance and they contribute to the resilience of the entire Casper mattress.
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MSP430 LaunchPad: The DEV.BO is Born!
I would like to introduce you all to the DEV.BO prototype. This board is built around the MSP430F5510, it not only includes the typical on-board items, but also an FTDI chip.
As I have mentioned in previous posts, I was using the MSP430F5528 in a personal project of mine (which I will be posting when I have more time). TI just released a new set of chips in the MSP430F55xx series, one of which caught my eye, the MSP430F5510. This chip has all of the features I needed the 5528 for, but is half the price! Granted the 5510 does has less memory and a less precise ADC (and is lacking a few other things) but this was not important to my project.
Note: The MSP430F5510 on the DEV.BO is the 48 pin version which has a bit less peripherals than the larger sized MSP4305510 package.
I needed to get a board made for my project and decided to just go ahead and make a small target board which I might start selling if all goes well. Keep in mind this just a prototype and I need to test at least one more version before I can start selling them.
As you can see in the picture above, it is quite small. For me, it replaces the MSP430F5528 target board on the right and the FTDI breakout board from SparkFun on the upper left.
I am still here and working hard, sorry that my last posts have been quite sporadic. I love how the DEV.BO came out and am excited to get it more finalized in the upcoming weeks. It makes programming the 5510 a breeze because of how simple it is to connect to the LaunchPad. I was very frustrated with my MSP430F5528 target board and how many wires I needed to get things up and running. Mouser just got the MSP430F5510 (in the correct package) in stock, so I can start pushing things along.
The reason I wanted to post this now was because my next two posts will be about one of my latest mini projects - a heart beat detection algorithm implemented on an MSP430F55xx. Once I finish those posts I will delve into the details of I2C because it can be a very confusing topic for beginners (and even advanced developers!).
Nice work Nicholas. The "wires" on the silkscreen seems like a good idea, but I still think you'll want to include the pin names, otherwise you have to count pins to find the one you want.
I really want one based on the cc430, so thats what I'm working towards this year. Everything I want to do needs to communicate.
Nice job, and good to hear from you again!
I don't understand why you use the FTDI USB interface, when you can use the USB interface on the MSP?
I have done extensive work with the integrated USB peripheral on the new 55xx family (granted it was a few months ago), and the whole experience was disappointing to say the least.
The USB stack that TI provides is (was?) very inefficient and I have never seen anyone get the data rate over 600kbps sustained. If so, I would love to find out how, since I would prefer not to use the FTDI chip.
That being said, the USB peripheral is great if you are using the HID interface (slow data rates). The main downside in my opinion is how much code you really need to load onto the microcomputer to even get a little bit of functionality. I have broken out all of the pins in case you decide you want to play around with the integrated USB, it was a great learning experience even though I would not recommend using it for a project. Take a look at the example code on TI's website.
How can you program the DEV.BO with the LaunchPad?
David, there is a programming header on the top of the DEV.BO which matched the programming header on the LaunchPad. I use a simple 6-pin cable from SparkFun and just use a single wire to connect the ground pin.
you can connect DEB.BO with launchpad but launchpad doesn't know about msp430f5510... so, like David said, how can you program the DEV.BO with the LaunchPad? it would be a very cheap solution to program msp430fxx with launchpad.
Though the LaunchPad can't program all MSP430s it can program all that support SBW. This includes almost all of the new MSP430s that TI has released. The programmer that is built into the LaunchPad communicates with your IDE (such as CCS) and can send the necessary commands and data to load a program on any SBW device. Soon I will post a small blurb on how I program the DEV.BO using the LaunchPad.
All you need to do to program these chips is to connect the GND, RST, and TEST pins to your chip (again, only if it supports SBW). The programming header on the DEV.BO takes advantage of this fact by keeping the order of the pins the same as the LaunchPad's.
yes, it answer. thank's. it will be very usefull "a small blurb on how to program the DEV.BO using the LaunchPad"


Let's be honest, there're few more pressing things on a man's mind than beer, food and women - so we thought we'd combine them into a banquet that sends the groom off in serious style!
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Home History BNSF Railway, Has Ties With The Past And Looks Toward The Future
BNSF Railway, Has Ties With The Past And Looks Toward The Future
by: Janet L. Hanson – Originally Posted Mar 29, 2005 – Ruralnorthwest.com
BNSF (Burlington Northern Santa Fe) Railway Company, historically, is a major employer in the northwest region, according to Gus Melonas, Regional Director of Community and Media Relations for BNSF in Seattle, WA.
"With a 1.9 billion dollar system wide capital investment campaign this year; traveling work crews are moving through Idaho to upgrade tracks, rails and ties, said Melonas. "BNSF is aggressively hiring in the northwest and will continue to add jobs this year primarily for track maintenance crews, mechanical workers and conductor positions."
According to Melonas, BNSF spent several million dollars in track improvements last year in the northern Panhandle and will again this year. BNSF recently added a significant number of jobs at the Hauser fueling facility near Sandpoint.
"We offer an online job application process," said Melonas. "Individuals interested in seeking employment are encouraged to go to the BNSF website and click the careers link to submit their resume.
Historically, BNSF began running their main line operations through Idaho in 1881. "We aren't going away. Our business is stronger than ever," Melonas said. BNSF will celebrate 10 years of successful operation stemming from the merger between Burlington Northern and Santa Fe in 1995.
Included in the pages of the historical society's local area history book titled, History of Boundary County Idaho, are recollections of early residents who referred to the Railway during the 1940's when it was the Great Northern.
Area residents recall the early days of the railway system: Frank Hansen said, during the First World War, he was 13-years-old and remembers putting in the railway ties during his summer vacation. He worked 10 hours a day and earned $1.80 per hour. Ferne Cowley explained how her family arrived in Bonners Ferry on the Great Northern (GN) and recalled that many families came in on the "immigrant trains."
"Dad got a couple of cars and he and one brother came with the cows, pigs, chickens and household goods. Later Mother and the rest of the family came on the passenger train." Jessie Ellis, 86-year-old former resident of Boundary County, said he worked for the Great Northern in 1942 and really enjoyed it. "A man could live on fifty cents a day then, and I rented a small place for $4 per month."
Based on information from the BNSF history section of their website, the following is a brief historical account of the development of BNSF.
"On January 6, 1893, in the towering Cascades near scenic Washington, the final spike was driven, and GN became the second railroad to link Puget Sound with the upper Midwest largely under the management of James Jerome Hill, The Empire Builder." The creation of the Burlington Northern followed 77-years later.
GN grew out of another railway line that was born in 1857 and known as the Minnesota & Pacific Railroad Company. The Minnesota legislature, eager for rails in its territory, granted a charter to "construct a railroad in the direction of the Pacific." Laying railway lines through an unsupported and wild countryside was no easy task and two forfeitures and reorganizations of the original company followed. Finally, James J. Hill, a St. Paul businessman took the helm as general manager, of the reorganized properties then renamed the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway Company.
The expansion of the railroad into Minnesota and the Dakota Territory continued. By 1885, the railway lines reached across 1,470 miles. According to BNSF, though some of the West was settled by the ox cart, "Hill Country", the area where the Great Northern ran, "was settled from the boxcar."
Hill's company decided to provide transportation via the railway into the unsettled West and then assist settlers in the development that followed. His company became an authority on the best methods in agriculture and helped farmers improve their methods by teaching them soil diversification, introducing improved strains of seed and establishing experimental farms. Due to the success of this method, the BN was able to expand its lines without land grants or government subsidies of any kind, other than the original grant of the Minnesota & Pacific.
Because of his ability to create prosperous businesses, in 1896, Hill established a transportation service between Seattle and Oriental ports by negotiating an agreement with Nippon Yusen Kaisha, which at the time, was the largest steamship line in the Pacific. This enabled the beginnings of Seattle as a world port.
The Great Northern (GN) eventually merged with three other railroads; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. (CB&Q); Northern Pacific Railway Co. (NP); and the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway Co. (SP&S) creating the Burlington Northern Railroad (BN) on March 2, 1970. Prior to receiving the U.S. government approval from the ICC to merge the GN into the BN, Hill had attempted the merger four times (1893, 1901, 1927 and 1961) before finally receiving approval in 1970. Later, in 1980, the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Co. (Frisco) also merged into BN.
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (ATSF) would eventually merge with the BN as well. The ATSF began under the leadership of noted Pennsylvanian, Cyrus Kurtz Holliday. Santa Fe encouraged passenger travel on its railway by creating a "romantic" vision of the new frontier and promoting the arts and culture of the Southwest and Native Americans. Santa Fe passenger service continued until 1971, when Amtrak took passenger service over from most railroads. ATSF is remembered for its "standard for luxury and attention to detail, with famed trains like the California Limited, the Super Chief, the El Capitan, the Valley Flyer and the Texas Chief."
Entrepreneur Fred Harvey established restaurants and hotels along the route of the railway from 1876 through 1950s, some of which remain in operation today. Santa Fe is also credited with making industry-wide improvements.
For example, the Railway Co. developed the first land-bridge container train, linking Asia with Europe using Santa Fe and Penn Central (Conrail) lines. "A land-bridge refers to the opportunity to move international traffic across America," explained Melonas.
Santa Fe also developed the first intermodal partnership with J.B. Hunt. It was the first partnership between the railroad and a trucking firm; it was a "stunning" move for the transportation industry. In 1993, Santa Fe also developed a centralized Systems Operations Center in Schaumburg, IL., making it the world's largest fully distributed transportation management system.
"BNSF has historic ties with the past, yet we are extremely aggressive and look forward to meeting customer transportation needs in the future. We are always looking ahead," said Melonas. "Much of the rail traffic today through northern Idaho represents intermodal operations. This is a transportation mode which links rail traffic with trucking companies and international steamship lines to provide national and international trade opportunities for the Northwest."
Due to economic demands and strong international market trends, Melonas said record volumes of freight move across the northern tier. The railway continues to be a primary transporter of freight including everything from appliances, autos, textiles, chemicals, food products, lumber and agricultural commodities across north Idaho.
Because of the recent major capital investments to the Pacific Northwest trackage, Melonas said the railway operations are more streamlined and efficient. With these new track improvements, approximately 45 trains now move through Bonners Ferry in a 24-hour period. In addition, the Amtrak passenger train runs daily between Chicago and Seattle/Portland out of the Sandpoint Station, which includes westbound and eastbound train routes. Melonas said the government sets the fare rates and Amtrak pays a lease to BNSF to run on their tracks.
Railroads have transportation advantages that include a much smaller physical profile than the highway roads according to Melonas.
He explained that an average train hauls in excess of 230 highway semi loads thus decreasing highway traffic. This makes the railway environmentally friendly by reducing the national fuel consumption. BNSF also has aggressively removed older locomotives replacing them with newer, quieter, more efficient engines.
In September 2004, BNSF also opened a $42 million main line fueling facility at Hauser near the Idaho/Washington state border.
This facility operates much like a quick stop gas station and provides locomotives with light service and refueling explained Melonas. "During operations in December of last year, a fractured wastewater pipeline was discovered at this facility, along with cracks in the fueling platform and defective seals in leak detection pipes. BNSF is working to complete enhancements at the site and expects to resume normal operations by April 2005."
With an obvious pride in the BNSF safety record, Melonas added, that since 1981, there has not been one fatality due to a HAZMAT release on the BNSF northern tier. He also said, "Classified hazardous material movements on our line have reached their destinations incident free and without release of product thereby experiencing a 99.99 percent safe operating record for 2004."
BNSF is making tracks across the country serving thousands of communities with a 32,000-mile route system reaching 28 states and two provinces. This network spans from west coast ports through north Idaho, across the Plains to the Great Lakes regions and Chicago area, also linking Canada with western routes to the Mexican border.
Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway Company
Gus Melonas
historical account
Janet L. Hanson
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Harold Sims Clock Tower Lights Up Bonners Ferry
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Home » Archive » Crime » Do You Know Who Murdered Innocent 6-Year-Old Boy In Costa Mesa (55) Freeway Shooting? $450,000 Reward From Outraged Leaders
Do You Know Who Murdered Innocent 6-Year-Old Boy In Costa Mesa (55) Freeway Shooting? $450,000 Reward From Outraged Leaders
Photo via Pixabay.
As his family prepares for a weekend funeral service, the reward for information leading to the killer of 6-year-old Aiden Leos, who was shot in a road-rage incident on the Costa Mesa (55) Freeway, stood at $450,000 Wednesday.
The Costa Mesa City Council voted unanimously Tuesday night to add $50,000 to the reward fund.
"The senseless tragedy of Aiden Leos' death has been felt by the entire community," Costa Mesa Mayor John Stephens said in a statement. "We want to do what's necessary to bring Aiden's killer to justice, to take him or her off our streets, and to deter others from engaging in this type of dangerous conduct."
Aiden was killed May 21 while his mother was driving him to kindergarten in Yorba Linda. His mother, Joanna Cloonan, was driving a silver Chevrolet Cruze sedan with her son in the right rear passenger booster seat when another driver opened fire between 7:55 and 8:15 a.m. on the northbound Costa Mesa Freeway between the Garden Grove (22) Freeway and Chapman Avenue.
Reyes Valdivia and his wife stopped to help when they spotted Cloonan on the freeway shoulder pulling her son out from the passenger side of the car. He said she told them that when she tried to switch lanes to exit, a sedan with a man and woman inside cut her off and she gestured to them and proceeded into the exit lane, which is when the bullet entered the left side of trunk and struck her son.
She called 911 and the boy was rushed to Children's Hospital of Orange County, where he was pronounced dead.
The California Highway Patrol last week released a photo of the suspect vehicle, which appears to be a white Volkswagen Golf Sportswagen with non-tinted windows.
It appears to be a 2018 or 2019 model, but investigators have not been able to obtain a license plate from the snapshot. The suspect vehicle was last seen going eastbound on the Riverside (91) Freeway toward Riverside, said CHP Officer Florentino Olivera.
Anyone with information was asked to call the CHP at 714-567-6000. The CHP also has set up the santaanachptipline@chp.ca.gov email to receive tips. Anonymous tips may also be phoned in to 800-TELL-CHP.
Another website has also been created to help collect tips from the public — www.aiden-reward.com.
Funeral services for Aiden will be held at noon Saturday at Calvary Chapel Yorba Linda. The service will be private, attended by family, friends and invited guests, but it will be live-streamed for public viewing at Yorba Linda United Methodist Church.
Tagged: $450, 000. dead, 355, 6-year-old, boy, Costa Mesa, freeway, Grows, hunt, innocent, kill, killer, Reward, Shooting


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Orange County, California Area
Name Mark Zito
Profile URL https://www.linkedin.com/in/mark-zito-975b83140
Summary High-performing law enforcement professional with 23 years of federal experience in a diverse range of challenging assignments who possesses the desired combination of leadership skills and technical knowledge to direct and oversee the full spectrum of all investigative operations conducted by a field office of the second largest criminal investigative agency in the United States.
Job Title Assistant Special Agent in Charge, Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)
Job Location Orange County, California
Description Supervisory oversight covering all of Orange County, CA which is the sixth most populous county in the U.S., supervising ~85 employees including 6 GS-14 supervisory special agents, 1 GS-14 program manager, 48 HSI special agents, 3 special agents from other federal agencies, 18 state/local police task force officers, 2 intelligence research specialists, 1 auditor, and 6 administrative personnel supporting 7 multi-programmatic groups: National Security/Joint Terrorism Task Force/Worksite Enforcement/Alien Smuggling, ICE-Certified Undercover (CUC) Operations, Contraband Smuggling/Gangs, Orange County Child Exploitation & Human Trafficking Task Force, Financial Fraud Group, and Identity/Benefits Fraud. Apply robust oversight and support administration of an office budget worth ~$3.4 million. Technical authority for adjusting and realigning budget, manpower, and workloads to meet existing operational needs.
Degree Graduate Certificate
School Attended Naval Postgraduate School
Field of Study Center for Homeland Defense and Security, Executive Leaders Program
Job Title Division Chief, National Security Division, Homeland Security Investigations(HSI)
Job Location Washington D.C. Metro Area
Description I was assigned to HSI Headquarters as the Division Chief for both the Export Enforcement Coordination Center (E2C2) and the Counter-Proliferation Investigations Unit (CPIU). In this position, I work closely with the Director of the E2C2 and the Assistant Director for National Security in planning, directing, managing, and coordinating all policies, procedures, and guidelines concerning export enforcement and counter-proliferation investigative activities for ICE. I direct the activities of approximately 35 personnel and lead the agency's mission of serving as the primary forum for the coordination of export enforcement activities of 22 federal agencies. I manage conflict identification and resolution efforts to enhance export enforcement investigations in furtherance of U.S. national security. I also work closely with the Assistant Director for National Security in formulating policies and procedures affecting HSI's export enforcement investigations and provide guidance and investigative support to HSI personnel assigned to more than 200 domestic and international offices.
Job Location Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)
Description I directed a dynamic law enforcement team of 4 group supervisors, over 30 special agents, approximately 20 task force officers, and support staff at LAX. ASAC LAX is one of the largest airport groups within HSI; the airport ranks as the fifth busiest in the world, for passenger and cargo traffic. ASAC LAX is responsible for all criminal investigations under ICE jurisdiction. I was responsible for overseeing all criminal cases and for the administration of the office, including the physical facility, vehicle fleet, investigative technical equipment, and the storage of evidence.
Job Title Supervisory Special Agent, Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)
Job Location Greater Los Angeles Area
Description Selected based on high-level programmatic and investigative experience to manage and direct the Counter-Proliferation Investigations Unit (CPI). Supervised the long-term, complex criminal investigative activities of 15 criminal investigators from HSI and other federal law enforcement agencies working to identify and dismantle illicit procurement networks seeking to violate and circumvent U.S. export laws. Established goals, priorities, and strategies for identifying and investigating significant threats located throughout the world with particular focus on exports to Iran and the Middle East.
Job Title National Program Manager, Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)
Description In November 2005, I was promoted to the National Security Unit at ICE Headquarters as a National Program Manager. I initiated, planned, developed, implemented, and monitored the ICE counterterrorism/foreign counterintelligence/national security program, to include its policies, practices, actions, projects, and goals in assigned areas of responsibility.
In June 2007, I was selected for assignment to the newly-formed National Export Enforcement Coordination Network (NEECN), the precursor to the Export Enforcement Coordination Center (E2C2). As one of two National Program Managers at the time, I was responsible for the procurement of materials to establish the infrastructure of the Unit, including the acquisition of classified national systems for all CPI groups around the country.
Degree Master's degree
School Attended Norwich University
Field of Study Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration
Description I was assigned to the contraband smuggling group where I developed and investigated criminal organizations involved in narcotics smuggling, international money laundering, trade fraud, counter-proliferation, cyber-crimes, child exploitation and alien smuggling/trafficking. I worked closely with other federal and local law enforcement officers and task forces, and represented ICE in Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF) investigations. I also served as a Field Training Agent and was responsible for training and rating the performance of new special agents.
Key accomplishments include following:
•	Led multiple criminal investigations. Of note, two of these investigations resulted in 20 arrests, 100% conviction rate, seizure of approximately $1.3m cash, 92 pounds of marijuana, 235 kilograms of cocaine, 75 kilograms of GBL, and additional assets valued more than $60,000.
•	Served as Team Leader for the deployment of SAC/LA agents to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, and assisted in rescue, law enforcement, and humanitarian efforts.
Job Title U.S. Postal Inspector
Company U.S. Postal Inspection Service
Job Location Long Beach, California
Description I investigated and enforced over 200 federal statues, and conducted criminal investigations involving the criminal exploitation of the U.S. mail and postal system or any activity that adversely affected the postal system including: volume mail theft, identity theft, counterfeiting postal money orders and postage stamps, assaults and/or threats involving postal employees, illicit drug trafficking, mail bombs and suspicious parcels, mail fraud, child pornography, money laundering, robberies, and burglaries involving postal property and its 800,000 plus work force.
•	Initiated an identity theft and financial investigation with ties to Hezbollah that resulted in successful prosecution of all the defendants. Received US Secret Service Director's Award in 2002.
•	Conducted investigation of large-scale identity theft ring which resulted in over 32 arrests, 100% conviction rate, and identified financial losses exceeding $1m.
•	Conducted undercover buys and executed federal search warrants resulting in the recovery of 20 counterfeit postal master keys (federal offense), which was the largest seizure of its kind. This case resulted in an 80% decrease in mail theft for the office area of operation impacting a population of over 1 million residences. Received the Federal Bar Associations Distinguished Achievement Award.
Job Title Platoon Leader, Military Police
Company US Army
Job Location Germany / Former Yugoslavia
Description I led a Military Police Platoon in a Combat Support Military Police Company. I trained and supervised a platoon of over 30 soldiers to accomplish its wartime missions of area security, circulation control, prisoner of war operations, and law and order operations. I was responsible for accountability and maintenance of vehicles, weapons, radios, and equipment valued at over $2.5 million. I also served as the Acting Company Commander for several months in charge of the health and welfare of over 150 soldiers.
•	100% certified on all law enforcement operations and exceeded all Battalion goals and standards set.
•	Selected over my peers by the Brigade Commander to be the Deputy Force Provost Marshal in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia where I was responsible for the organization, operation, and supervision of 23 multinational United Nations Military Police Officers. Provided law enforcement oversight for a 1,050 soldier and 165 civilian UN force.
•	Planned and successfully executed patrol distribution plans that provided protection and security for all UN personnel in a hostile fire zone.
•	Prepared and conducted personal security escorts for VIPs, and wrote the Military Police Standard Operation Procedures for the mission.
•	Developed the Personnel and Residential Security Plan for the UN mission, and enforced law and order within UN forces as well as protected host nation interests.
•	Served as Lead Advisor to the UN and contingent commanders on all law enforcement matters.
•	Conducted a critical military assessment, which identified serious gaps in the security of the Skopje International Airport. My findings were briefed to the U.S. Ambassador and the Macedonian Secretary of Defense.
•	Received the United Nations Medal, Army Achievement Medal (2), Armed Forces Service Medal, National Defense Service Medal, and the Army Commendation Medal for impeccable service.
Degree Bachelor of Science - BS
School Attended The Citadel


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By afaqs! news bureau Published: 30 Dec 2020, 6:02 PM IST
Bumble installs 'socially-distanced' benches in Bangalore and Goa to make in real life dates safer
By installing these yellow benches, Bumble wants to "encourage its community to fall in love, but from a distance."
The pandemic won't go away soon. But, that does not mean you can't meet your date in real life and only see each other online.
Bumble, the women-first social-networking app has introduced socially distanced benches at various locations in Bangalore and Goa so that you can put on your best outfits, fight all those butterflies in your stomach, meet your date, make smooth conversations, whilst maintaining social distancing.
The benches have two seats placed six feet apart at either end and are painted in the app's famous yellow colour with the "we love healthy boundaries" messages splashed on them. It's quite interesting to see an online app bring its equity offline.
With India unlocking, Bumble has been busy encouraging people to take the dive and make the first move. Take a look at some of the ads here.
Bumble has also released a new series called "Dating These Days". In it, we will get to see diverse and popular voices discuss dating in India using topics, like making the first move, body positivity and familial matrimonial pressure in our dating journeys, as the hook.
Some people you will get to see in this series are Neena Gupta, Sanya Malhotra, Kirti Kulhari, Sumukhi Suresh, Sushant Divgikar and Maanvi Gagroo.
BumbleBumble India


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Q: Convolution of triangle with itself? Note: I'm only concerned with the bandwidth of the signals.
a) If I have a rect function from -1 to 1 (BW = 1), then if I convolve that rect function with itself I get a triangle function from -2 to 2 (BW = 2).
b) What happens to the BW of the triangle function if I convolve the triangle function with itself?
c) Furthermore, what happens to the BW of the convolution of part b) if I convolve that result from part b) with the same triangle function from part a) ?

A: The result of convolving two $BW=2$ triangles is the same as convolving four $BW=1$ rectangles, and has $BW=4$. It is a piece-wise cubic, whose shape approximates a bell shaped curve.  If you convolve a $BW=a$ curve with a $BW=b$ curve, the convolution will have $BW=a+b$.
Here I understand "bandwidth" $BW$ to mean half the length of the shortest interval on which the signal is non-zero.  If $f$ is supported on interval $[-A,A]$ and $g$ is supported on $[-B,B]$, then $h=f*g$ is supported on $[-(A+B),(A+B)]$.  For if $h(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}} f(y) g(x-y) dy$,   the only non-zero contributions to the integral for $h(x)$ come from $y$ values for which $|y|\le A$ and for which $|x-y|\le B.$  By the triangle inequality, for such $y$ we have $|x|\le |y|+|x-y|\le A + B.$  If $|x|>A+B,$ there is no $y$ for which both $f(y)\ne0$ and $g(x-y)\ne0$, so $h(x)=0$ for such $x$.

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#ColorlinesReads: Last-Minute Holiday Gifts
From photography to fiction to graphic novels to memoirs, there's something for everyone on your list.
catherine lizette gonzalez Dec 13, 2019 8:11AM EST
#ColorlinesReads: 6 Books That Complicate the Idea of 'Independence'
In lieu of celebrating "Independence Day," we present a selection of titles that explore the idea of liberation via the lives, poetry, history and art of people of color.
catherine lizette gonzalez Jul 5, 2019 8:02AM EDT
5 Writers of Color Who Should Win the Poets Laureate Fellowship
The Academy of American Poets' new grant program will support the poets who head arts initiatives for cities, tribes and states across the country.
Sameer Rao Jan 17, 2019 4:39PM EST
Playwrights Remember Ntozake Shange
Anna Deveare Smith, Suzan-Lori Parks and several other Black women in the theater world reflect on the ways the late writer inspired them.
Sameer Rao Nov 1, 2018 4:40PM EDT
The Race-Focused Books We're Reading This Fall
As the nights grow long and the warm weather recedes, let these books on race, history and culture offer you insight and reflection this fall.
catherine lizette gonzalez Oct 3, 2018 7:53AM EDT
The Must-Read Race and Culture Books of the Summer
From memoirs to poetry to fiction, these titles will deepen your understanding of what's going on, inspire activism and even entertain the kids.
catherine lizette gonzalez Jun 29, 2018 1:10PM EDT
Author Q&A: Understanding Puerto Rico's Debt Crisis Through Marx, Monsters and a Queer Decolonial Lens
Colorlines talks to Philadelphia poet laureate Raquel Salas Rivera about their new book, "lo terciario/the tertiary," which revisits Karl Marx's "Capital" to examine Puerto Rico's debt crisis from a queer decolonial lens.
catherine lizette gonzalez May 31, 2018 5:48PM EDT
2017 Favorite: Tatiana Luboviski-Acosta's 'The Easy Body'
The Colorlines team is sharing our favorite 2017 videos, books, hashtags, movies and more. Here, editorial assistant Catherine Gonzalez explains why "The Easy Body" by Tatiana Luboviski-Acosta helped her get through this year.
catherine lizette gonzalez Dec 20, 2017 10:44AM EST
Singer, Poet and 'Blk Girl Soldier' Jamila Woods Talks New Album, Chicago Youth Movements and Self-Care
The Chance the Rapper collaborator's debut solo album, "Heavn," drops July 11 on Closed Sessions.
Sameer Rao Jul 5, 2016 1:24PM EDT
'Ali Was Our Butterfly, Bee and Hawk'
Poet, publisher and Black Arts Movement builder Haki R. Madhubuti pays tribute—in new poetry and prose—to the mighty Muhammad Ali.
Haki R. Madhubuti Jun 7, 2016 3:15PM EDT
Five John Trudell Quotes to Commemorate His Exceptional Life
The respected 69-year-old Native activist and poet died this week.
Sameer Rao Dec 11, 2015 2:03PM EST
'Breaking' Presents: Tongo Eisen-Martin, a Poet With Movement-Building In His Bones
This Bay Area-bred poet's experimental form and progressive ideology harkens back to the golden age of spoken-word and experimental works, but with renewed relevance.
Sameer Rao Sep 15, 2015 1:01PM EDT
Read Derrick Weston Brown's Devastating Poetic Response to Charleston
Also check out a statement from the prolific poet, whose latest work was posted to Facebook and is making rounds on social media.
Sameer Rao Jun 19, 2015 12:49PM EDT
Claudia Rankine's Anti-Racist "Citizen" Shortlisted for Forward Poetry Award
The author's innovative work of lyric essays is in the running for the prestigious UK poetry award.
Sameer Rao Jun 8, 2015 4:35PM EDT
'Queer People Don't Have the Luxury to Stop Telling Our Stories'
Christopher Soto, editor of the new queer poetry journal "Neptanla," isn't satisfied with mere visibility. He thinks the LGBT community deserves more. new journal by and for queer people of color,
Jamilah King Sep 18, 2014 7:00AM EDT
There's a New Literary Journal for Queer Poets of Color
And it's not trying to be apolitical.
Jamilah King Sep 15, 2014 1:00PM EDT
DarkMatter: 'We're Proud of Our Resistance'
Culture editor Jamilah King is chatting with queer and trans artists of color throughout June about the creative mind and the path toward liberation.
Jamilah King Jun 12, 2014 7:00AM EDT
Vijay Seshadri Becomes First South Asian to Win the Pulitzer Prize in Poetry
Seshadri said in an interview in 2004 that he began writing poetry at 16.
Jamilah King Apr 15, 2014 5:14PM EDT
Emotional Dad Rocks Arsenio with Love Poem to Son
"I get extra praise, and for what? Doing what I'm supposed to do," he says.
Carla Murphy Feb 27, 2014 10:01AM EST
Amiri Baraka, 1934-2014
The literary genius was 79.
Aura Bogado Jan 9, 2014 4:25PM EST


The state has issued a health alert for toxic blue-green algae at Willow Creek Lake in Pierce County. Weekly sampling has been conducted at 50 public lakes in Nebraska since the beginning of May.
Samples taken earlier this week at Willow Creek Lake were above the state's health alert threshold of 20 parts per billion (ppb) of total microcystin (a toxin released by certain strains of blue-green algae.) The alert will continue at the lake for at least two more weeks, because lakes that are on health alert must have two consecutive weeks of readings below the threshold before the alert is discontinued.
The lakes will continue to be monitored weekly throughout the 2015 recreational season. Sampling results for toxic algae and bacteria will be updated every Friday and posted on NDEQ's web site, http://deq.ne.gov.


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Página:120 años de la Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile.djvu/86
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Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile — 86
Mr. Alessandri was Chief Librarian between 1890 and 1893. A Civil War between the Executive and Legislative Powers occurred in 1891; the President of the Republic José Manuel Balmaceda Fernández (1886-1891), was defeated. During this conflict, Chief Librarian Alessandri sided with the Legislative Power.
Four years later Mr. Alessandri would begin his political career as Representative for Curicó, the agricultural center of Chile; he would become President of Chile, first between 1920 and 1925, and again between 1932—1938. Thus, during the first ten years of the Library of Congress, two men who would later become Presidents of the Republic gave impulse to the creation of the Library, one of them were its second Director, and created its first collections of books and foreign publications.
Mr. Adolfo Labatut Bordes took over as Chief Librarian from Mr. Alessandri, and held that post between 1893 and 1931. On 18 May 1895, Mr. Labatut saw the Library consumed by an enormous fire that destroyed most of the Library's holdings. With perseverance and unrelenting hard work, Mr. Labatut patiently took up the task of rebuilding the collections. The Library of Congress has a unique story of surviving wars, sunken ships, fires and earthquakes in its 120 years of history.
Mr. Labatut was also the first Chief Librarian to introduce a classification scheme and define the Library's fundamental mission in his 1921 Annual Report: "It is necessary to bear in mind that this is a Library oriented mainly to legislative studies and, generally, studies in the social sciences".
Mr. Labatut was succeeded by M. Jorge Ugarte Vial who was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on July 27, 1903, his father being a diplomat at the time. He researched his law thesis in the Library of the National Congress on the subject "El Comodato". At the same time, he acted as advisor to the Committee for
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X-Men: Apocalypse Review
Matt Mallinson May 21, 2016 FeaturedFilmFilm Reviews
Directed by: Bryan Singer
Starring: James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Jennifer Lawrence, Oscar Isaac, Nicholas Hoult
Apocalypse, an ancient mutant with godlike powers, returns from the world's longest nap and decides to remake the world powering up a team of mutants, including Magneto, to help in his schemes. Meanwhile, Professor Xavier works to assemble a new team of X-Men in an attempt to prevent the big blue baddie from destroying Earth.
This film brings to a close the second X-Men trilogy, while also working to set up a whole new trilogy by introducing the young versions of classic mutant characters. It feels like the movie is trying to do too much, bringing an end to the stories of the remaining First Class characters while setting up new ones.
The trilogy has been too loose for many of the story pay offs to feel deserved. In particular, Mystique's story seems to undo much of her development from the previous films, finding her afraid to show her real form once again. Thus her story here feels like a retread of First Class with her embracing her mutant status once again. James McAvoy and Michael Fassbender feel completely comfortable in their roles at this point, but don't get much of a chance to bring anything new to their characters. McAvoy's Xavier feels synced up with the character's place in the original X-Men film, remaining static in that position. Magneto at least has an interesting arc; however it doesn't build much on the arc previously built up for Fassbender's character and therefore feels unearned.
X-men: Apocalypse is overstuffed with characters and, as a result, many are shortchanged, in particular Apocalypse's Horsemen who are lucky to receive a few lines. This is very disappointing for Alexandra Shipp's Storm, who from her few appearances seems to be a much more faithful adaption of the character. Olivia Munn's Psylocke and Ben Hardy's Angel hardly get to make an impression either.
The new X-Men fare slightly better, with Sophie Turner standing out in particular, creating a very realistic Jean Grey who is afraid of what she can do. Tye Sheridan and Kodi Smit-McPhee work well as Cyclops and Nightcrawler respectively; Smit-McPhee plays a shy and awkward Kurt who is fun to watch, whilst Sheridan does a good job of capturing some of the jerkier sides to Cyclops, a character who is still far from the leader he will become. Apocalypse himself ends up being a fairly lame villain and, despite his plans to destroy the world, the stakes feel incredibly low. For a supposedly all-powerful mutant he relies entirely on others, at no point feeling like a threat by himself. Oscar Isaac sounds bored by the role, breathing no life to the character and ending up feeling like a run of the mill villain.
For a superhero movie, Apocalypse is lacking in exciting set pieces. Quicksilver receives another slow-mo sequence that tries to outdo the one from Days of Future Past. However, it ends up falling flat, feeling like a cheap attempt to recapture the magic of the original. The big fight scene is quite bland, the mutant vs mutant violence struggling to thrill. The final moments do contain a very cool moment that should make any X-Men fan squeal but it isn't enough to fully redeem the fight.
As a whole, X-men: Apocalypse works better to set up future films than really contribute much on its own. Fans are left waiting for the inevitable sequel to really see what the new characters can do. The stage is all set for a new series of X-Men films, one which will hopefully be more consistent than what the films have offered so far.
bryan singerjames mcavoyjennifer lawrencemichael fassbendernicholas houltoscar isaacx-men: apocalypse
Watch The New Trailer For Bryan Singer's X-Men: Apocalypse
Francesca Street December 12, 2015
Tension mounts with the release of The Hunger Games : Catching Fire trailer
Natalie Xenos May 5, 2013
TV News Roundup: First Look at Peaky Blinders and The Village
Rosy Deacon August 4, 2014
The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 Review
Amy Salter November 24, 2014
Inside Llewyn Davis Review
James McAllister January 29, 2014
Slow West – DVD Review
Kane Basterrechea November 2, 2015


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Metro Boomin net worth, house, girlfriend, cars
Author: Mercy Kamunya
Updated: 21 days ago
Category: Entertainment, Facts and Life Hacks
Metro Boomin net worth is without a doubt one of the areas of interest among his fans. His successful career has not only earned him a large following but also built his wealth. Considering his humble family background of a single parent, his rise to fame has several lessons. So how much is he worth?
Image: instagram.com, @metroboomin
Source: UGC
Metro Boomin (Leland Tyler Wayne) is an American DJ, Songwriter, record producer, and record executive. He was born on September 16th, 1993, in St. Louis, Missouri in the United States.
He began his career while still in high school. However, his fame came in the mid-2010s recordings with Atlanta hip hop and rap artists among them Future, Migos, Gucci Mane, and 21 Savage.
What college did Metro Boomin go to?
From Parkway North High School, he moved to Atlanta to attend Morehouse College. He studied Business Management. However, because the schedule demanded a full-time music career, it became difficult for him to balance his studies and music. Metro, therefore, opted to take a break from the college to devote more time on his career.
How much is Metro Boomin worth?
Considering his high profile lifestyle, many of his fans are bound to have an interest in the artist's net worth. His net worth is $8 million. The amount is the value of his efforts and commitment to his career. He began making beats at the age of 13 years and travelled to Atlanta when he was in 11th grade to pursue music.
Among the famous artists to rap over his beats are OJ Da Juiceman, Future, ILove Makonnen, Travis Scott, Drake, and Lil Wayne. He has also worked with artists like Nicky Minaj, Chief Keif, Fatty Waps, and many more.
How does Metro Booming make money?
At the age of 25 years with an excellent net worth, one would wonder how the artist makes his money.
Well, he does so in four ways with each source contributing handsomely to his bank account.
Earning advances, where he makes a whopping $75000 per song for big-time producers.
He receives 3-4 per cent royalties per track, which is about 5 cents per song.
He also gets half the publishing royalties per copy. Usually, $0.091 is the publishing royalties per copy. Simple calculations translate to $ 0.045 for each single sold.
READ ALSO: Cleo Rose Elliott bio, net worth, children, relationships
He as well makes money through live performances.
Has Metro Boomin retired?
On April 14th, 2018, Metro Booming treated his fans to a surprise announcement of his retirement from rap. In a post on his Instagram page, the artist appeared to caption a story of himself eating potato chips on a private jet. The caption read 'retired from rap.' He went as far as changing his Instagram bio to 'Retired record producer and DJ.' But has he retired?
Despite this claim, Leland Tyler Wayne has since garnered production credit on Nicki Minaj's album 'Queen' as well as Lil Wayne's 'Tha Carter V.' The two albums both debuted in the top 5 of the Billboard 200, proving him as still the best in the game.
On October 26th, 2018, many billboards appeared in Atlanta and New York depicting him as 'a missing person.' The gesture was later revealed as a teaser of his comeback debut project 'Not All Heroes Wear Capes.' The album he had been working on since 2015 was later released that year on November 2nd. And among the artists featured were Swae Lee, Travis Scott, 21 Savage, Gucci Mane, Gunna, Drake, Young Thug and many more. The album debuted number one on the Billboard 200 and number 16 on the UK Top 40 Albums.
Metro Boomin house and cars
Metro has used part of the money to own houses and cars. He has a mansion in Atlanta which has a studio in the basement and another home in Los Angeles. The rapper owns a Bentley Bentayga and a Mercedes Benz G-Class SUV.
Metro Boomin family and relationship affairs
His parents are Lamont Wayne and Leslie Wayne and he has four siblings. Booming grew up in a single-parent household.
READ ALSO: Chaka Khan net worth 2019
The primary breadwinner was his mother. He has not had a good relationship with his father. However, he has forgiven him for not being there during his adolescent, though he honours and respects his title as the father.
Boomer is in a romantic relationship with Chelsea since high school. The lady identifies herself as '_cottonball_' on Instagram. As much as they prefer to maintain their love affairs private, from the gestures, we can comfortably say that they are enjoying their relationship. This is evident from their Instagram posts.
Metro Boomin net worth did not come on a silver plate. It has been as a result of hard work and great devotion to his course. Therefore, judging from his determination and moves, it's safe to say that the figure is bound to keep increasing with time.
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READ ALSO: Jordan Belfort net worth, house, and cars 2019
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Bongo star Rayvanny yearns for collabo with Kenya's Vijana Tuache Mihadarati hitmaker


Of course you spent your Autumn carefully trimming, weeding, sweeping and mulching all around the garden. But if you didn't, guess what? Now's your last chance to get it done and it's a lot more pleasant to gather up branches and leaves now rather than after the thaw. Head out with your secateurs, a small pruning saw and a big bag. Pick a starting point and methodically work your way around the garden trimming any branches from trees or bushes that have overgrown paths and lawns. Then use your secateurs to shape anything that is starting to look odd, and keep in mind there's not wrong or right to this as personal style dictates whether you love the loose natural look or a more tight trimmed approach. Pull the weeds, then spread the mulch on thickly. Coarse wood chips are great weed suppressants as they smother most things trying to make their way upwards and then make it really tricky for seeds that blow in to take hold. Then whip around with the broom and you're done.
This is easy, especially if you've done your housekeeping (see above). Simply mound up the mulch around the plants you know need some help through the coldest spells and you're done. In some cases this will mean covering over plants that have been trimmed well back before-hand, like Canna Tropicanna. This will definitely work if where you live is mild. But if you live where Winter really kicks in, head out with a spade to dig them up and drop them into a cardboard box. Pack soil, peat or sawdust around them to keep them from drying out, and store the box in your garage till Spring when you can plant them out again.
Sometimes weathering Winter is all about making the right plant choices. Roses are generally pretty tough and able to look after themselves, but there are some that do better than others in really cold areas, like Flower Carpet roses. The trick is to prune them about in winter. There's no need to get too fussy about it. Use hedge clippers, chop them back by two thirds. Come Spring they burst forth again with glossy new green foliage ready for the mass of new flowers that begin in late Spring.
This sounds funny, but by the time Spring comes around, you may have forgotten what you've planted where, especially when it comes to perennials that have been trimmed back to ground level and covered with mulch. The easiest way is to pop in some labelled stakes when you've finished your early Winter garden housekeeping session. Just make sure your labels are weather proof so you can still read them come Spring, but even if you can't, you'll know not to dig something up accidentally.
Article from College of Horticulture home study course, for landscaping ideas. Bulbs create some of the most magnificent displays. If you want to experience the glory of spring then now is the time to plant!


Those who never need to gain weight never seem to understand what the problem is. They simply think that if you eat more junk food, and do less exercise, you will gain weight. For some people, this is true, but for others who have a high metabolism, this isn't quite the case. Unfortunately, for those who can gain weight in this fashion, the weight gained is very unhealthy.
Most people who have trouble gaining weight simply are not eating the right foods. They think that they can load up on hydrogenated fats or trans fats to gain weight, because this causes weight gain for those who are at their normal weight, or overweight.
In fact, you do need fats to gain weight – but you need the right fats. These fats are found in eggs, animal fats, coconut oil, dairy products such as butter and cheese, and in essential oils. Be very careful of the fats that you are consuming. Also make sure that your diet is full of protein and fiber, as these are essential for building muscle, which is the best weight to gain.
Whether you are trying to lose weight or gain weight, you must fuel your body with food. Experts have agreed that you should never allow yourself to feel really hungry. To avoid this, you need to eat every two to three hours, but you don't need to eat full meals that often. Instead, eat a full meal, and then a few hours later, eat a healthy snack that is full of protein and alternate back and forth in that manner from the time you awake in the morning, to the time that you go to bed at night.
If you are underweight, you cannot realistically expect to gain weight by sitting around. You need to exercise to build your muscles, as this is what gives you healthy weight. The workouts that you should be doing should be for the purpose of strengthening the muscles, as opposed to burning calories. While you need aerobic exercise for a strong heart, this typically burns a lot of calories, so you may want to limit that activity while you are trying to gain weight.
Instead, you should be doing strength training exercise. This is the type of exercise the builds muscle, and it is essentially resistance exercises that you require, such as weight lifting, or working with resistance bands.
What is the P90X Diet?


I will play outfield for the @Yankees for $500,000 and an unlimited supply of Nathan's Famous hot dogs for Pirate. Also please put Tater Kegs in my locker before every game thank u.
I will play outfield for the @Yankees for $500,000 and and unlimited supply of Nathan's Famous hot dogs for Pirate. Also please put Tater Kegs in my locker before every game thank u.
I watch a lot of Cubs games through mlbTV and it says "ABC7." Does that mean Cubs games are on basic cable for everybody in Illinois and Iowa etc to see?


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Hermonassa legraini är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Plante 1994. Hermonassa legraini ingår i släktet Hermonassa och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Nattflyn
legraini

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