In a bid to fight obesity, public-health researchers have been trying for decades to find a way to convince teenagers to skip junk food and eat healthily, to little avail. One of the biggest obstacles is the enormous volume of food marketing kids are exposed to every day. That marketing is designed to foster strong positive associations with junk food in kids minds and to drive overeating -- and research has shown that it works.
In the study, "A Values-Alignment Intervention Protects Adolescents from the Effects of Food Marketing," published today in Nature Human Behaviour, Chicago Booth s Christopher J. Bryan, University of Texas at Austin s David S. Yeager, and Booth PhD candidate Cintia P. Hinojosa find that reframing how students view food-marketing campaigns can spur adolescents, particularly boys, to make healthier daily dietary choices for an extended period of time. The method works in part by tapping into teens natural desire to rebel against authority.
"Food marketing is deliberately designed to create positive emotional associations with junk food, to connect it with feelings of happiness and fun," said Bryan.
Among the two biggest findings in the experiment: The intervention produced an enduring change in both boys and girls immediate, gut-level, emotional reactions to junk food marketing messages. And teenage boys, a notoriously difficult group to convince when it comes to giving up junk food, started making healthier food and drink choices in their school cafeteria.
In the new study, released today, teens first read the marketing exposé material, and then did an activity called "Make It True," meant to reinforce the negative portrayal of food marketing. The students received images of food advertisements on iPads with instructions to write or draw on the ads -- graffiti style -- to transform the ads from false to true.
The latest study, which used a new sample of eighth graders, found that the effects of the marketing exposé intervention endured for the remainder of the school year -- a full three months. The effects were particularly impressive among boys, who reduced their daily purchases of unhealthy drinks and snacks in the school cafeteria by 31 percent in that time period, compared with the control group.
Appealing to teenagers natural impulse to "stick it to the man" and their developmentally heightened sense of fairness may finally provide a way for the public-health community to compete against dramatically-better-funded junk food marketers. This brief, inexpensive, and easily scalable intervention appears to provide lasting protection against the enticing power of junk food marketing, and to change eating habits for the better.
"Most past interventions seemed to assume that alerting teenagers to the negative long-term health consequences of bad diets would be an effective way to motivate them to change their behavior," said Bryan. "That s clearly a problematic assumption. We thought it could be the main reason why no one has been able to get teenagers to change their eating habits in a lasting way."
The study was less conclusive about the intervention s effect on teen girls cafeteria purchases. Although, like boys, girls experienced a more negative immediate gut response to junk food after the exposé intervention, their daily cafeteria purchases were similar whether they read the exposé or the traditional health education material.
What is unclear is whether the similar purchases meant that neither intervention improved girls dietary choices or that both were effective in girls, but for different reasons. The researchers suspect that, while traditional health education is completely ineffective at changing boys behavior, it might influence girls choices because it mentions calories, which might trigger social pressure to be thin. If that is the case, it suggests the exposé might be a preferable option for girls too because it achieves similar results with less risk of body shaming.
"This study shows it s possible to change behavior during adolescence using a light-touch intervention," said Yeager. "Adolescence is a developmental stage when even the lengthiest health promotion approaches have had virtually no effect. Because so many social problems, from education to risky behavior, have their roots in the teen years, this study paves the way for solutions to some of the thorniest challenges for promoting global public health."
"Food marketing is deliberately designed to create positive emotional associations with junk food, to connect it with feelings of happiness and fun," said Bryan. "What we ve done is turn that around on the food marketers by exposing this manipulation to teenagers, triggering their natural strong aversion to being controlled by adults. If we could make more kids aware of that, it might make a real difference."
University of Chicago Booth School of Business. "Simple way to inoculate teens against junk food marketing: Researchers find diets improve when tapping adolescents desire to rebel; teenage boys cut back junk food purchases by 31 percent." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 15 April 2019. .
University of Chicago Booth School of Business. "Simple way to inoculate teens against junk food marketing: Researchers find diets improve when tapping adolescents desire to rebel; teenage boys cut back junk food purchases by 31 percent." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190415143953.htm (accessed April 15, 2019).


Authorities are searching for two suspects in the weekend robbery of a Ulysses bank.
The FBI said the robbers were able to gain entry to Western State Bank, 1110 W. Oklahoma, just as it was opening for business Saturday. One of the suspects showed a knife during the robbery.
The first suspect was wearing dark pants, a dark hooded sweatshirt, black mask and white footwear.
The second suspect was wearing dark clothing and a black mask.
Anyone having information about this bank robbery or person involved is requested to contact 1-800-KS-CRIME.


text:
Marriage & Divorce: The Perspectives Of Church And Modern Society Theology Research Paper
MARRIAGE & DIVORCE: THE PERSPECTIVES OF CHURCH AND MODERN SOCIETY
Chantal Lopez
C THL 101- Theology
Professor Tom Park
What do you perceive marriage to be? For example, do you see marriage as a contract? A gift? A union? Approximately ninety-six percent of all Americans will eventually marry, and of those ninety-six percent about forty percent, will get divorced.[footnoteRef:0] Marriage, in legal terms, is the union of a couple of spouses; however, that can mean anything. The legal name does not go in depth about what marriage is: whether there are love and commitment between two people, just companionship and physical needs, or all of those things. There are many perspectives about marriage and even divorce. However, the two aspects that I will be focusing on in this paper will be the church and modern society perspective. [0: Stephen Grunlan, Marriage and the Family: A Christian Perspective (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers), p.40]
In the church, more specifically the Christian church, marriage is a unique calling. Just as we have callings to be students, professors, doctors etc. we have a calling to be wed. We are to fulfill these callings to be right with God and please Him. Marriage is also troth, to clarify, troth is faithfulness, loyalty, honesty, and truth. "In a sentence, marriage is a mutual, permanent, exclusive, one-flesh union between husband and wife, characterized by troth and fidelity."[footnoteRef:1] It is a state, institution where troth should distinguish its many aspects. Where both the husband and wife can count on each other's loyalty. Marriage is of the Lord, it is the Lord's institution for men and women, and permanent trust for life.[footnoteRef:2] "What God has joined together let man not separate."[footnoteRef:3] It is God's institution for one man and one woman to unite and become one and not be separated. [footnoteRef:4] Furthermore, marriage is a commitment where husband and wife submit to one another out of reference for Christ. It is a miracle of God's creativity and a gift. God designed marriage for friendship and companionship. "Then the Lord said, 'It is not good for the man to be alone."[footnoteRef:5] He formed out of the one man himself, his wife for the man not be alone, but have a companion and have the enjoyment of affection.[footnoteRef:6] Lastly, marriage is procreation, "Behold, children are a gift of the Lord, the fruit of the womb is a reward."[footnoteRef:7] Children are a result of one man and one woman who are united and are one. They are a gift from God just as marriage is. [1: James Olthuis, I Pledge you my Troth: A Christian View of marriage, Family, Friendship (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989). p.20] [2: James Olthuis, I Pledge you my Troth: A Christian View of marriage, Family, Friendship (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989). p.20] [3: Scripture: Matthew 19:6] [4: John Darby, John Darby's Synopsis of the Bible (D. Morton, 1909)] [5: ...
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What is your purpose? This is probably the single most important question you can ask. Your answer will shape your future. However, it's not straightforward. We are led to believe that our purpose is connected with how much we achieve, the accumulation of possessions or attaining status in society. Nothing could be further from the truth.
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Download the cultural landscape an introduction to human geography 11th edition ebook free in PDF and EPUB Format. the cultural landscape an introduction to human geography 11th edition also available in docx and mobi. Read the cultural landscape an introduction to human geography 11th edition online, read in mobile or Kindle.... the cultural landscape an introduction to human geography 12th edition Download Book The Cultural Landscape An Introduction To Human Geography 12th Edition in PDF format.
About this book Introduction Aimed at a broad student readership, this book focuses on developments in social scientific theory of particular significance in rethinking human geography and on the contribution the geographical imagination can make to good social science.... Trusted for its timeliness and readability, this book introduces geography by emphasizing the relevance of geographic concepts to human problems.
Trusted for its timeliness, readability, and sound pedagogy, this best-selling text introduces geography as a social science by emphasizing the relevance of geographic concepts to human problems. adobe premiere pro cs6 tutorial pdf in hindi Note: If you're looking for a free download links of Cultural Landscape, The: An Introduction to Human Geography, 11/e Pdf, epub, docx and torrent then this site is not for you.
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About this book Introduction Aimed at a broad student readership, this book focuses on developments in social scientific theory of particular significance in rethinking human geography and on the contribution the geographical imagination can make to good social science.
In addition to The Cultural Landscape, he is also the author of Pearson's Contemporary Human Geography , Second Edition and Introduction to Contemporary Geography. He is often invited to give talks and presentations at colleges, high schools, and professional meetings.
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Is Surviving Mars Coming to Nintendo Switch?
Home » Guides » Is Surviving Mars Coming to Nintendo Switch?
Surviving Mars is the latest title from the team behind the Tropico series. Rather than having you sunning it up on a tropical island, though, as the title suggests, your colony sim expertise will be tested in the cold unknown of space. Players will land on the red planet and will have to build their own city. While we know that Surviving Mars will be hitting PC, Mac, Xbox One, and PS4 on March 15, some fans of the Tropico series are daydreaming right now at the idea of seeing it on Nintendo Switch. After all, it would be a pretty great game to take on the go with you, right?
Unfortunately, when it comes to news or rumors surrounding the game heading to the Switch, there's complete radio silence. As such, chances are we won't be seeing Surviving Mars on the Nintendo Switch anytime soon, but things can always change.
If the circumstances do change, though, we'll be sure to update this post and let you know. For now, however, it's just a case of waiting and hoping for the best.
For more on Surviving Mars, be sure to search for Twinfinite.


Voice Box celebrated singing for 10 years in Witney and further afield, performing music to suit the most varied tastes, ranging from light-hearted standards and close harmony pieces to freedom and political songs. We were delighted by the enthusiastic response from the audience which completely filled St Mary's Church, Witney.
Wow! That was the perfect concert! It flew right from the off with the Bach. I knew right away that it was going to be a wonderful evening, and by the end of the Bach we were all on a roll. A packed church - extra chairs needed and still a few standing at the back.
You all sang brilliantly, knew all your words and the tone was lovely. The acoustics are great there and the sound just rang out. And could have heard a pin drop in the quiet ones - Locus iste was magic, the Bluebird and of course Pebble!
If anyone has any photos please send to David for the website - also pass on any feedback. So far I can say that my Dad was really impressed by the programme which was so varied and he noted that several pieces were more difficult than we had done before and were highly successful. He loved Ascott gavotte and the 'staging' of it - so did I - it went without a hitch and the 'horse' brought a laugh all round - thank you Liz.
All the solos went wonderfully and in themselves were all so different, people loved all the various voices and dramatic talents on show - much comment, all good.
The running was very impressive - very tight - the timings were perfect, no hitches and everyone on stage exactly on time - the 2 rehearsals in the church really paid off. We couldn't have done any better. It does need considerable team work and that relies on all of you.
Thank you everyone who helped - all so organised back stage, and all props and costumes present and correct. Also thank you to those that helped set up and clear up. I know that moving the screen and the altar were a hassle but everything went smoothly and lots of lovely food and drink afterwards - it was good to welcome friends and families too. The banner had much comment and many questions about it - I think people were amazed at the sewing skills there as well as the singing - so thank you again all the wonderful visionary sewing people.
The best Birthday concert ever in the history of choirs, thanks to every one of you, joining your voices, acting talents, energy, and enthusiasm. Keith and I are so impressed and thrilled with the whole evening. We could not ever have dreamt when we started that the choir would become as amazing as it has and produce such an excellent team of singers and performers. I could not conduct and run such a choir without his help, or he mine, or either of us without all of you!!


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Mother of Invention: How Good Ideas Get Ignored in an Economy Built for Men (Paperback)
By Katrine Marçal
An illuminating and maddening examination of how gender bias has skewed innovation, technology, and history—now in paperback
It all starts with a rolling suitcase. Though the wheel was invented some 5,000 years ago, and the suitcase in the 19th century, it wasn't until the 1970s that someone successfully married the two. What was the holdup? For writer and journalist Katrine Marçal, the answer is both shocking and simple: because "real men" carried their bags, no matter how heavy.
Mother of Invention is a fascinating and eye-opening examination of business, technology, and innovation through a feminist lens. Because it wasn't just the suitcase. Drawing on examples from electric cars to tech billionaires, Marçal shows how gender bias stifles the economy and holds us back, delaying innovations, sometimes by hundreds of years, and distorting our understanding of our history. While we talk about the Iron Age and the Bronze Age, we might as well talk about the Ceramic Age or the Flax Age, since these technologies were just as important. But inventions associated with women are not considered to be technology in the same way as those associated with men. Mother of Invention is a sweeping tour of the global economy with a powerful message: If we upend our biases, we can unleash our full potential.
Katrine Marçal is a Swedish writer, journalist and correspondent for Swedish daily newspaper Dagens Nyheter. Her first book, Who Cooked Adam Smith's Dinner? was shortlisted for the August Prize and won the Lagercrantzen Award. She lives in London.
"[Marçal's] at-once anecdotal and theoretical book seeks to understand what's lost when women's social contributions are limited, as well as ways to move toward a new model. The author's writing shines when she addresses perceptions of women throughout history; she particularly carefully unpacks how Black and brown women have historically been restricted and misrepresented, and the misconceptions that endure... A must-read."
— Library Journal, *starred* review
"A smart, witty, and fascinating warning from history. I loved this book."
— Caroline Criado Perez
"[A] quirky treatise...Told in a conversational tone, this feminist directive...fascinates with its wealth of historical tidbits. Fans of Caroline Criado-Perez's Invisible Women, take note."
"The joy of the book is how it manages to weave in stories of women influencing innovation in masculine spaces...Innovation may have been stifled by gender bias in the past, but Mother of Invention shows that we can choose a different future."
— Science Magazine
"[A] breezy read... Each chapter uses an animating story...to offer free-flowing ruminations on patriarchy, economics, and invention."
"From wheeled suitcases to witch trials, Katrine Marçal makes you look again at history in this funny, clever, and provocative book."
— Helen Lewis
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— , author of Sex: Lessons from History
"Another eye-opening entry for the 'Where Are All the Women?' playbook. A wide-ranging swoop through the history of technology and how game-changing innovations got delayed, dismissed, or forgotten if they were suggested by women or just because they were seen as feminine. Set in an apparently implacable framework of an absolute difference between female and male ideas and life abilities, the narrative can, at times, be infuriating but always thought-provoking and intriguing. It is a clearly needed wake-up call to future innovators not to view the world through a narrowly gendered lens but to pay attention to the skills and lived experiences of all."
— Professor Gina Rippon
"Sometimes we are lucky to experience a leap in new thinking. We look in amazement at the world around us and ask: Why didn't we see this before? This what Katrine Marçal offers us in Mother of Invention. She brilliantly proves how male-driven technology over the ages has limited full human development by neglecting a liberating female narrative and perspective."
— Jan Eliasson
"This second book by the author of Who Cooked Adam Smith's Dinner? is both bracing and highly entertaining. Marcal's contention is that while women have been coming up with ingenious inventions since the beginning of time, they are routinely sidelined in a world geared to men."
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"Start 'Mother of Invention,' and you'll be astounded. It's fun and super-informative with tales of innovations that were largely ignored or irritatingly co-opted by men, and back-stories of how the presence of the feminine, whether real or imagined, changed products and processes...wry and very, very enjoyable..."
— Idaho Press
Publisher: Abrams Press
Business & Economics / Development
History / Women
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text:
Q: How to keep views aligned inside ReativeLayout? The below posted xml layout is a lyout of a listView, the editText allows the user to enter a string, and the imageView is an clickable icon when pressed, the string should be added to the listView.
The views are aligned to each other as shown below in the xml. The problem is when the user enters a very short string or a long string then clicks the icon to add it to the listview, what happens is I lose the alignment of the CheckBox and imageView.
For example, initially the listview is aligned as follows, where CB refers to CheckBox and iv refers to Imageview, and the dots indicate the spaces separating the views:
topic_1..........CB..........IV

topic_2..........CB..........IV

topic_3..........CB..........IV

topic_4..........CB..........IV

topic_5..........CB..........IV

topic_6..........CB..........IV

topic_10000..........CB..........IV

t..........CB..........IV

As you can see, in "topic_10000" and in "t", the position of both of CB and IV is displaced. But I want the checkBox and the imageview to be always aligned under each other no matter what the length of the topic is.
How can I achieve this?
xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/rl1_List"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_centerInParent="true"
    android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
    android:paddingEnd="10dp"
    android:paddingStart="10dp">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvlist_topic"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/rl2_List"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_toEndOf="@id/rl1_List"
    android:layout_centerInParent="true"
    android:layout_marginStart="70dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="70dp">
    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/cbList_hook"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:focusable="false"
        android:focusableInTouchMode="false"
        android:checked="false"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/rl3_List"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_toEndOf="@id/rl2_List"
    android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"
    android:layout_marginStart="30dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="30dp">
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ivList_delete"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:focusable="false"
        android:focusableInTouchMode="false"
        android:clickable="true"
        android:src="@drawable/delete_icon"
        android:contentDescription="icon to delete item from the Listview"/>
</RelativeLayout>

A: Use
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/firstCBId"

On all your CB but the first one.
Also, you shouldn't use all those nested RelativeLayout: just one is sufficient. You can then use android:layout_below for vertical spacing.

A: you can use linearlayout instead of using relativelayout and apply weightsum. In below example i have applied same weight to all 3 views. You can set it as per your requirement.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:weightSum="6" >

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/tvlist_topic"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_centerInParent="true"
    android:layout_weight="2" />

<CheckBox
    android:id="@+id/cbList_hook"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_weight="2"
    android:checked="false"
    android:focusable="false"
    android:focusableInTouchMode="false" />

<ImageView
    android:id="@+id/ivList_delete"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_weight="2"
    android:clickable="true"
    android:contentDescription="icon to delete item from the Listview"
    android:focusable="false"
    android:focusableInTouchMode="false"
    android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" />

</LinearLayout>

A: As long as the lenth of text is variable, you can set fixed lenght to the textView's Relativelayout, then place the relativeLayout of the second View "checkBox" to the end of the relativeLayout of the textView, then for the last relativeLayout 2the one of the Imageview" you can specify marginStart.
so you can manipulate the width of the android:id="@+id/rl1_List"
Below is the interpretation of the the above text.
xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/rl1_List"
    android:layout_width="170dp"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_centerInParent="true"
    android:layout_alignParentStart="true">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvlist_topic"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/rl2_List"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_toEndOf="@id/rl1_List"
    android:layout_centerInParent="true">
    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/cbList_hook"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:focusable="false"
        android:focusableInTouchMode="false"
        android:checked="false"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/rl3_List"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_toEndOf="@id/rl2_List"
    android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"
    android:layout_marginStart="100dp">
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ivList_delete"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:focusable="false"
        android:focusableInTouchMode="false"
        android:clickable="true"
        android:src="@drawable/delete_icon"
        android:contentDescription="icon to delete item from the Listview"/>
</RelativeLayout>

A: This can be easily achieved by using LinearLayout rather than RelativeLayout.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Text1"/>
<CheckBox
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_weight="0.5"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<ImageView
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_weight="0.5"
    android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher"/>

</LinearLayout>

If you want to use only Relative layout then go with this
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<TextView
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/textview"
    android:padding="20sp"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="Text1"/>
<CheckBox
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:padding="20sp"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:drawableLeft="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</RelativeLayout>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Caucus | No. 2 Official at State Department Is Leaving
No. 2 Official at State Department Is Leaving
By Mark Landler
March 30, 2011 12:08 pm March 30, 2011 12:08 pm
The State Department's No. 2 official, James B. Steinberg, is leaving to become dean of the Maxwell School at Syracuse University, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said in a letter to her staff Wednesday. President Obama plans to nominate William J. Burns, the undersecretary of state for political affairs, to succeed Mr. Steinberg as deputy secretary.
Mr. Steinberg's departure is not a big surprise: there had been rumors he wanted to return to academia for some time. He had been dean of the Lyndon Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas before joining the Obama administration in January 2009. He also never became particularly close to Mrs. Clinton, despite having served as deputy national security adviser to President Bill Clinton, her husband.
Mrs. Clinton heaped praise on Mr. Steinberg, describing him as an "indispensable" partner. "On every foreign policy challenge, big and small, he has helped formulate our policy and oversee its execution," she wrote. Mr. Steinberg, she said, played "Oscar to Jack Lew's Felix," referring to Jacob J. Lew, her other deputy, who left earlier this year to become Mr. Obama's budget director.
With his occasionally brusque demeanor, Mr. Steinberg is a contrast to the affable Mr. Lew. But together the two were a formidable team: Mr. Steinberg the foreign-policy thinker, Mr. Lew the budget whiz and skilled operator on Capitol Hill. Mr. Lew was replaced by a Morgan Stanley executive, Thomas Nides.
Mr. Steinberg devoted a lot of attention to Asia, patching up strains with Japan over an American airbase there and mobilizing pressure on North Korea over its nuclear program and aggression toward South Korea. He traveled frequently to China, working to stiffen Beijing's response to the North Korean leader, Kim Jong-il. Mr. Steinberg also worked on issues involving Israel and the Balkans.
A year ago, there were reports that Mr. Steinberg was a candidate to be dean of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, which he denied. Like the Lyndon Johnson School, the Maxwell School at Syracuse is a highly regarded graduate school for public affairs.
The choice of Mr. Burns is likely to be welcomed by the State Department bureaucracy. The highest-ranking career diplomat in the department, he has won the confidence of the White House and been deeply involved in issues like the showdown with Iran over its nuclear program and the upheaval in the Arab world.
Creator of Maine Labor Mural Addresses Controversy
Video: The President's Trip to New York City


text:
Workplace Switzerland
Geneva Airport expects 23% fewer passengers in 2021
With the re-opening of borders on June 15, passengers have started to return to Geneva, and the results are encouraging, say officials, but numbers are still well down. Keystone / Salvatore Di Nolfi
Geneva Airport officials say the shockwaves of the Covid-19 pandemic will reverberate into next year, with the number of passengers flying to and from the airport expected to be down by almost a quarter compared with pre-coronavirus levels, according to Swiss public radio, RTS.
This content was published on August 31, 2020 - 12:20 August 31, 2020 - 12:20
RTS/sb
Geneva Airport Director General André Schneider described the current situation as "extremely fragile" in an email sent to staff on Friday, which has been seen by RTS.
He wrote that passenger numbers next year are expected to be down by 23% compared with 2019 and figures will not return to normal before 2022, RTS reported.
Schneider said he was studying all possible options to make savings "both in terms of investments on operational expenditure and personnel costs", according to RTS. Measures such as a hiring freeze and early retirement for certain staff remain in place.
Geneva Airport, like other Swiss facilities, has been badly hit by the pandemic. Between March and June, it was pretty much at a standstill, with only 6-8 flights a day. With the re-opening of borders on June 15, passengers have started to return to Geneva, and the results are encouraging, officials wrote in early August.
High salaries aren't what they seem in Switzerland
If you are a male banker, a Swiss diplomat or a foreign CEO in Switzerland, chances are you are living quite comfortably.
But passenger numbers are still well down. On July 19, the airport welcomed 16,230 travellers – 30% fewer than the same period last year.
The airport still faces many Covid-related uncertainties, such as the worsening virus situation in France, which is responsible for 30% of passengers, and whether British and other skiers will fly to Geneva this winter for their holidays in the French and Swiss Alps.
Switzerland's largest international airport, in Zurich, is also struggling with the pandemic, with a near-total collapse in revenues during its peak.
It posted a loss of CHF27.5 million ($30.3 million) for the first six months of 2020. This compares with a profit of CHF143.4 million in the first half of 2019.
In the first six months of 2020, 5.3 million passengers used Zurich airport, a decrease of 64.3% compared with the same period in 2019. The number of flight movements went down by 55.5% between January and June 2020.
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There are also signs of a slow recovery in Zurich since the gradual re-opening of borders in June. But it is likely to be several years before the intercontinental market fully recovers, experts say.
How Geneva Airport helped the international city take off
This content was published on May 16, 2020 May 16, 2020 A photo essay looks back at the key phases of Geneva Airport's development over the past 100 years.
Coronavirus: the situation in Switzerland
This content was published on Jan 21, 2021 Jan 21, 2021 The level of infections remains high in Switzerland. Vaccinations are underway across the nation.
Coronavirus hits Zurich airport results hard
This content was published on Aug 21, 2020 Aug 21, 2020 Covid-19 has had a severe economic impact on Zurich airport, with a near-total collapse in revenues at times, according to first half results.
Geneva Airport makes face masks compulsory for travellers
This content was published on Jul 27, 2020 Jul 27, 2020 The wearing of masks will be compulsory at Geneva airport from Tuesday, July 28.
How flying in and out of Switzerland will look post-Covid
This content was published on May 28, 2020 May 28, 2020 Face masks and more patience will be essential for people taking flights after the coronavirus pandemic.


text:
Reorganisation of States
Need of Second State Reorganisation Commission
● Recently, Chairman of the PM - Economic Advisory Council Bibek Debroy had spoken of the need for a 2nd State Reorganisation Commission as an agenda for further reform.
● There has been increasing demand for separate state status fuelling in various regions of India such as Gorkhaland in West Bengal, Bodoland in Assam etc. A similar trend was observed in 2000 when the three new states Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand were formed.
Need of Second State Reorganisation Commission to fulfil the demand for separate state status fuelling in various regions of India. Critically Examine.
States Reorganisation Commission:
The States Reorganisation Commission was constituted under the chairmanship of Fazl Ali by the Union government in 1953 to recommend the reorganisation of state boundaries. It identified four major factors that can be taken into account in any scheme of reorganisation of states:
Constitutional provision for reorganisation of states:
● Under Article 3 of the Indian constitution, the Union is empowered to form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States and so on.
Reasons for the rise in demand for separate states:
● Linguistic and cultural reasons: Post-independence, States such as Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana were born as a consequence of the demand for separate statehood based on language.
● Perceived negligence by the political executive: All the three states formed in 2000 were much richer in natural resources than their mother states but were more backward. It was the political apathy of the mother statesthat forced people in these regions to demand separate states.
● Unbalanced and inequitable growth has created intrastate disparity: Similarly, the demand for Purvanchal, the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, is primarily based on demand for development.
● Regional and cultural identity: The demand for Bodoland, a separate state in Western Assam, is also primarily based on the conflict over land resources between the ethnic Bodos and other communities in the region; the Bodos are also demanding statehood based on ethnic identity.
● Liberalisation of Indian economy: The establishment of a market economy, too, has opened the floodgates to private capital that has led to increasing regional inequalities and, thus, contributed to the rising demands for smaller states.
The Need for Second State Reorganisation Commission:
● The reorganisation of the state will fulfil the long-standing aspirations of the people for faster growth and development on all fronts.
● End of the politics of cultural identity and regional deprivation as part of separate statehood movements.
● Better governance and greater participation, administrative convenience, economic viability and attention to developmental needs of subregions of state.
● Internal security issues arising from border conflict between states will be resolved.
● Better inter-state relation and centre-state relation.
● Expenditure on development of state infrastructure like Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh.
● Domino effect concerning demands from other regions of India.
● The formation of a smaller State is no guarantee for a better Human Development Index. Smaller states like Uttarakhand continue to be at the lower end in the Human Development Index.
● Many critics have correctly argued that the mere creation of smaller states out of the existing bigger ones does not guarantee good governance and faster and inclusive economic development.
The creation of a federation consisting of smaller states is a complex task and requires careful attention. Considering the plethora of demands being raised, it is time for a second States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) that can redraw India's federal map, creating many smaller states and keeping in mind the twin criteria of economic viability and people's aspirations.


text:
Top Book Blogs 04/2014
[Guardian Books Blog] Patricia Highsmith's criminal neglect
Film adaptations mean she's not unknown, but her tense and unsettling thrillers deserve a much wider readershipIt looks as though we're about to see a resurgence of interest in American crime writer Patricia Highsmith and frankly, it's about time. This month brings the re-release of her book The Two (Apr 1, 2014)
[The Millions] Tuesday New Release Day: Coover; Donoghue; Huneven; Glass; Coupland; Osborne; Waldman
New this week: The Brunist Day of Wrath by Robert Coover; Frog Music by Emma Donoghue; Off Course by Michelle Huneven; And the Dark Sacred Night by Julia Glass; Worst. Person. Ever. by Douglas Coupland; The Ballad of a Small Player by Lawrence Osborne; and Love & Treasure by Ayelet (Apr 1, 2014)
[The Millions] Afghanistan's Secret Feminism, Through Verse
Underneath W.H. Auden's dictum that "poetry makes nothing happen" is a familiar anxiety: perhaps poetry has no effect, and means nothing outside of its own closed circuit. As a counterpoint, we might consider Zarmina Muska: a teenage girl from Afghanistan, Muska set herself on fire in 2010 (Apr 1, 2014)
[Guardian Books Blog] Lady Chatterley's ale lover naming a literary pub
DH Lawrence's home town has named a new inn after his most famous novel. What would you like to read on a pub sign?The DH Lawrence Society is an august institution based in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, the former coalmining town where Lawrence was born in 1885. So when it teamed up with the local (Apr 1, 2014)
[Salon Books] The despicable rise of conservative pranksters: Race-baiting & conspiracy theories in the age of Obama
The history of political pranks is littered with lefty characters. Conservatives, on the other hand, do not gravitate toward irreverent hijinks. One exception is James O'Keefe, a right-wing prankster who uses hidden cameras to stage encounters with his ideological enemies. At the same time that (Apr 1, 2014)
[Guardian Books Blog] Khaled Hosseini live Q&A
On Wednesday 2 April at 4pm, the author of The Kite Runner and UN refugee agency ambassador will be live online. Post your questions on anything from the refugee crises affecting Syria, South Sudan and other countries to the wider challenges facing people displaced by humanitarian crisis and (Apr 1, 2014)
[Book Forum] OMNIVORE: Science and society
Combating bad science (Apr 1, 2014)
On Wednesday 2 April at 4pm, the best-selling author of the Kite Runner and UN refugee agency ambassador will be live online. Do you have a question about the refugee crises in Syria, Somalia or South Sudan? Are you eager to understand more about the challenges facing people displaced by (Apr 1, 2014)
[The Millions] Post-Lit
Though Kim Gordon is mostly known for her time in Sonic Youth, she's also an artist and writer, one who's racked up art projects and publications over the course of the past forty years. At Full-Stop, Hestia Peppe reviews Is It My Body?, a new collection of Gordon's essays and other written (Apr 1, 2014)
[Guardian Books Blog] Kawergosk refugee camp's hope in the face of tragedy
The displaced Syrians I met in northern Iraq know the farthest extremes suffering, but are coping with great dignityLive webchat with Khaled Hosseini, Wednesday 2 April at 4pmI set the The Kite Runner against a backdrop of the troubled history of Afghanistan over the last three decades. The story of (Apr 1, 2014)
[The Millions] Not a Good Influence
Why should a college student major in English? It's a question with hundreds of answers, but one of the most common is that reading, more so than other activities, makes you a better person. It sharpens your mind and hones your sense of morality. But what if this comforting idea — as close (Apr 1, 2014)
[Book Forum] VIDEO: Cristen Hemingway Jaynes and John Hemingway discuss their family's legacy
(Apr 1, 2014)
[Book Forum] OMNIVORE: A genius awareness
We need to keep talking (Apr 1, 2014)
[The Millions] Song of Myself
At Slate, our own Mark O'Connell delves into the history of the self-interview, which you can find many examples of over at The Nervous Breakdown. Mark cites examples of self-interviews by prominent writers, including Tennessee Williams, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Year in Reading alum John (Apr 1, 2014)
[The Millions] On New Afghan Writing: An Interview with Adam Klein
Left to Right: Contributors: Helai Rahim; Hoshang Sulaimanzada; Fazilhaq Hashimi; Ali Shah Hasanzada; Adam Klein; Khalid Ahmad Atif Fiction writer Adam Klein first conceived the story collection, The Gifts of the State: An Anthology of New Afghan Writing, while living in Kabul teaching writing (Apr 1, 2014)
[Guardian Books Blog] Tips, links and suggestions: What are you reading this week?
Your space to discuss the books you are reading and what you think of them Welcome to this week's blog. We begin with the unexpected. DotGumbi sent us this cheeky shot of her reading a fan fiction mash-up of Jurassic Park and Pulp Fiction.Reading a bonkers mash-up.Sent via GuardianWitness By (Apr 1, 2014)
[The Millions] Playing the Victim
The Empathy Exams, a new collection of essays by Leslie Jamison, gets its title from a piece about medical acting that was published in The Believer. On the Harper's blog, you can read an interview with Jamison, who calls her collection "a refusal to choose between these approaches — (Apr 1, 2014)
[Book Forum] OMNIVORE: Economic damnation in Europe
No exit from the euro-rescuing trap? (Apr 1, 2014)
[The Millions] The Chosen Ones
"The second prophecy was even more intense than the first one, and introduced a lot of new rules I didn't even know existed, but everyone else seemed to kind of already know about them. But you know what? We're a misfit band of teens who will do anything for each other now, like stand up to (Apr 1, 2014)
[Book Forum] PAPER TRAIL: An April Fool's recap; Jonah Lehrer opens up (for free!)
Jonah Lehrer, who resigned from the New Yorker in 2012 after it was revealed that he had made up quotes, has virtuously turned down a speaking fee for a talk he'll give this week at the University of Minnesota at Duluth. According to William Payne, head of UMD's School of Fine Arts, Lehrer plans (Apr 2, 2014)
[The Millions] Lost In The Sierras: On Michelle Huneven's Off Course
The epigraph of Michelle Huneven's fourth novel, Off Course, reads like a warning: If a woman in her late twenties hasn't found an absorbing occupation, and if, restless or adventurous, she begins to drift, she flirts with peril; for this is a vulnerable age, when demons present, singly and in (Apr 2, 2014)
[The Millions] April Books: A Reading List for Rebirth and Taxes
Even before it became officially so in the United States, April has long been the poet's month. "April" (or "Aprill") is the third word of one of the first great poems in the English language, The Canterbury Tales, and the first word in The Waste Land, which does its (Apr 2, 2014)
[Book Forum] OMNIVORE: Marxism holds new appeal
The relevance of Marxist academics (Apr 2, 2014)
[The Millions] Michael Lewis's Flash Boys Arrives
After some initial mystery leading up to publication, Michael Lewis's new book Flash Boys is here and its subject is high-speed trading (sometimes called "high-frequency trading) that uses supercomputers and complex trading algorithms to attempt to generate profits through brute force. (Apr 2, 2014)
[Guardian Books Blog] April's Reading group: Shakespeare's The Tempest
Selecting a single play from so many works of genius was always going to be tricky, and it was a busy vote, but this one should go down a stormDeciding this month's Reading Group choice by vote wasn't one of my greatest ideas. I didn't take account of how hard it is to choose between Shakespeare's (Apr 2, 2014)
[The Millions] Fantastic Beasts and Where to Film Them
If eight Harry Potter movies weren't enough, we can expect three new Warner Brothers films about J.K. Rowling's spin-off Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. The trilogy will feature the magical zoologist Newt Scamander as he goes on adventures in New York 70 years prior to the (Apr 2, 2014)
[The Millions] The Opposite of #AmWriting
Writing a novel is an all-consuming project, so can you imagine not telling anyone? At The New York Times, Alice Mattison discusses keeping her novels secrets until at least the third draft. "If I talk about the book, I believe — I cannot help believing — my characters will be angry, and (Apr 2, 2014)
[NYT] Karen Joy Fowler Wins PEN/Faulkner Fiction Prize
Ms. Fowler won the $15,000 prize for her novel "We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves." (Apr 2, 2014)
[Book Forum] VIDEO: William S. Burroughs: 100 Years
[Book Forum] OMNIVORE: It's never too early to wonder
Living life by the book (Apr 2, 2014)
[The Millions] Beckett's Bones
80 years ago Samuel Beckett's publisher rejected his short story "Echo's Bones" because it gave him the "jim-jams." The 13,500-word piece on the afterlife was intended for More Pricks Than Kicks until his editor Charles Prentice claimed, "People will (Apr 2, 2014)
[The Millions] Karen Joy Fowler wins 2014 PEN/Faulkner Award
Karen Joy Fowler has won the 2014 PEN/Faulkner Award for her novel We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves. A celebratory dinner will be held in her honor on May 10. (Apr 2, 2014)
[The Millions] Waffle House Accuracy
If your characters go on a road trip, do you have to take one, too? When Mary Miller wrote The Last Days of California about a family driving from Alabama to California to meet the rapture, she hadn't even been to the desert herself. To ensure it was accurate, though, she mapped important (Apr 2, 2014)
[Book Forum] OMNIVORE: The Caribbean from a distance
Indigenous South Americans, Africans and Europeans all left a little bit of themselves in the Caribbean basin (Apr 2, 2014)
[The Millions] Pulling an Updike
Authors are known to mine material from their personal relationships for their writing, but John Updike found inspiration from his interviews. After journalist William Ecenbarger wrote a profile of Updike in 1983, he found himself the subject of an Updike short story. Pair with: Our review of (Apr 2, 2014)
[Salon Books] Karen Russell: "I like that I still get to be young!"
Even huge success in the literary world, it turns out, won't help you sleep at night.Karen Russell, the MacArthur "genius grant" recipient and Pulitzer nominee, has just released a novella, "Sleep Donation," via web platform the Atavist. It's set in a dystopian world in which crippling insomnia can (Apr 2, 2014)
[Salon Books] Lessons from Stephen King and "Valley of the Dolls": Reading 100 years of bestsellers
When Matthew Kahn, a creative writing student at California State University at Northridge, learned from one of his professors that the bestselling book of 1926 was "The Private Life of Helen of Troy" by John Erskine, he was struck. The class wasn't reading it, but the book they were reading, "The (Apr 2, 2014)
[Book Forum] DAILY REVIEW: Categorical Imperative
A German portrait photographer's attempt to capture his country and its archetypes (Apr 3, 2014)
[Book Forum] PAPER TRAIL: Ted Cruz's $1.5 million book deal…
Texas senator and Tea Partier Ted Cruz has sold a book to HarperCollins for close to $1.5 million. Cruz has yet to write the book, but apparently it will be "part memoir and part Cruz's view of how to get Washington to work again as well as his vision of the future for the country." ... (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] Urs Widmer (1938-2014)
Swiss author Urs Widmer has passed away; see for example the mention in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung. For more about Widmer, see Deviation from the Norm, or the Realistic Fantast: A look at the work of writer Urs (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] Ted Hughes estate
As, for example, reported by Richard Lea in The Guardian, Ted Hughes estate withdraws biographer's access, as they've decided Jonathan Bate can't quote from the copyrighted estate-papers; as a consequence, Faber will not be publishing the planned book (but (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] Talking to Ourselves review
The most recent addition to the complete review is my review of Andrés Neuman's Talking to Ourselves, published by Pushkin Press in the UK and due out shortly from Farrar, Straus and Giroux in the US. Neuman is (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] April online issues
Among the April issues of online periodicals now available is Words without Borders', with Writing from South Korea (plus some 'Poets of Protest'), and the April issue of Open Letters Monthly. Print publication the (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] German Book Prize, preliminary figures
They've announced that there are 167 novels in the running for this year's German Book Prize, the biggest German book- (as opposed to author-)prize; in unaccountable Man Booker fashion, however, they don't reveal what the books are (why not ? why not ? why (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] Reason in a Dark Time review
The most recent addition to the complete review is my review of Dale Jamieson explaining Why the Struggle Against Climate Change Failed - and What It Means for Our Future, in Reason in a Dark Time, just out from Oxford University Press. (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] Sheikh Zayed Book Awards
They've announced the winners of the well-endowed (each category-winner receives the equivalent of ca. US$200,000) Sheikh Zayed Book Awards, and the literature (i.e. fiction) prize went to بعد القهوة (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] Birgit Vanderbeke Q & A
In the Irish Times they have a Q & A with Birgit Vanderbeke, whose The Mussel Feast has been longlisted for this year's Independent Foreign Fiction Prize (see also the Peirene Press publicity page, or get your copy at Amazon.com or Amazon.co.uk). (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] Classics in ... Indonesia
In the Jakarta Post Gindho Rizano has an opinion piece arguing: Wanted in the bookstores: Literary canon, pointing out: Now browse through our regular local bookstores; you will find contemporary local books and translated bestsellers. However, classics are (Apr 3, 2014)
[Lit Saloon] 'African' literature
In The Standard the Bookworm-column wonders: is the Caine Prize stifling African literature ? -- that being the Caine Prize for African Writing, the leading African story-prize. Some reasonable points here (to which (Apr 3, 2014)
[Guardian Books Blog] Books that make you cry: share your weepiest moments
Whether desolate or stirring, what are the lines in literature that turn on your tear ductsThere's a new anthology out shortly, called Poems That Make Grown Men Cry. Now, poems provide easy pickings in the sob stakes Dover Beach, Ode to Immortality, Donal Og, The River Merchant's Wife. But what (Apr 3, 2014)
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text:
Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Games Medals Table
Norway 14 14 11
Canada 11 8 10
United States 9 8 6
Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Games Results
Women's 30km mass start classic Cross-Country Skiing
Marit Bjørgen 1:22:17.6
Krista Parmakoski 1:24:07.1
Stina Nilsson 1:24:16.5
IOC Executive Board member claims athletes deliberately snubbing Russians are violating Olympic spirit
By Liam Morgan at Sweden Arena in Pyeongchang
Gunilla Lindberg has accused competitors snubbing and deliberately avoiding members of the Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) team in protest at their presence at Pyeongchang 2018 of violating the Olympic spirit.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Executive Board member told insidethegames here she was "very sad" to hear about a number of incidents which have occurred during the Games.
The decision to allow competitors from the country to compete as neutrals has not been universally popular among the athlete community.
Olympic skeleton champion Lizzy Yarnold claimed she will "look at the floor" whenever she sees Russian rivals Sochi 2014 bronze medallist Elena Niktina and Maria Orlova, who were among those banned from competing here.
There have also been reports of American sliders refusing to speak to their OAR counterparts.
Matt Antoine of the United States, a bronze medallist in Sochi, told Reuters he did not believe Russians had competed fairly and therefore did not need to have a conversation with athletes on the OAR team.
An incident also flared up between Canada and the OAR in the days before last week's Opening Ceremony.
A memo was sent to all members of Canada's Olympic delegation to warn them about their conduct during Pyeongchang 2018 following a verbal exchange between one individual and a Russian athlete.
An apology was then issued by the Canadian team despite confusion over the nature of the incident.
"I think that is very sad because we know for sure that the Russian athletes here have gone through a lot of tests, re-testing and background checking," Lindberg, chair of the IOC's Coordination Commission for Pyeongchang 2018, said.
"It is not in the Olympic spirit not to talk to your fellow competitors."
Britain's Lizzy Yarnold is among those to have threatened to snub members of the OAR team ©Getty Images
Asked whether she could understand some of the frustrations from athletes, she added: "No, not really.
"As an athlete with somebody who is not clean, that is the worst that can happen to you.
"But I hope with the actions we have taken and the measures to bring the athletes here show that we have not punished clean athletes."
Russians are being made to compete under the OAR banner after the country's National Olympic Committee was suspended following the "systemic manipulation" of the anti-doping system at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi.
This suspension can be lifted before the Closing Ceremony if they are ruled to have respected the "letter and spirit" of the IOC rules.
There have been few other moments of obvious dissent so far from Russian athletes, although officials and politicians from the country are continuing to publicly criticise the conduct of the IOC.
Despite the country competing as neutrals, the Russian flag has appeared on the official Pyeongchang 2018 results service on several occasions.
Liam Morgan Senior chief reporter
Follow @LMorgan21
Since joining insidethegames.biz, in 2015 Liam Morgan has covered a variety of international multi-sport events and conferences, including the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics, the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games and the Lillehammer 2016 Winter Youth Olympics. He also reported from the 2017 IOC Session in Lima and three editions of the FIFA Congress. He graduated from Southampton Solent University in 2014 with a BA First Class honours degree in Sports Journalism.
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Nigeria clinch bronze medal at African Cup of Nations with early goal


text:
Events and CLE
Initiatives and Awards
Safe Selling
Customer Authentication and Security
How do I verify with whom I'm dealing? Authentication
When we conduct business in person, we rely on certain practices to authenticate that a person is who he/she claims to be. We are accustomed to reviewing a person's driver's license or other photo identification. The degree of scrutiny increases as the perceived risk increases so, for example, a law applicant typically provides photo id and a fingerprint at the State bar exam but a photo id alone is sufficient to buy alcoholic beverages. We do not expect authentication to be perfect, but we apply procedural rigor and consistency so that we may be reasonably confident that the results of authentication will match our expectation.
The July 5, 1993 issue of The New Yorker magazine depicted a dog, sitting at a computer terminal, saying to another dog "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog." Physical distance and an essentially anonymous environment mean that it is more difficult to authenticate parties to a transaction. Therefore, online authentication often requires two steps. First, verify that the name and other personal details submitted in a given transaction correspond to a genuine identity. Second, verify that the person online is in fact the genuine person asserted. Jane Smith may be a real person, but is the person seeking access to the network in fact Jane Smith?
There is no single "best practice" regarding the proper authentication of individuals, but there are examples we can use to create a working model. Authentication models typically incorporate one or more factors: 1) something you know, such as a password; 2) something you have, such as an encryption token; or 3) something you are, which encompasses fingerprints and DNA. We refer to single factor authentication as the use of just one of these mechanisms in conjunction with a user id. Dual factor authentication involves two of the three and is generally considered more secure, although it is rarely cost effective for consumer transactions. If one selects carefully the information used to verify somebody, then single factor authentication can be reasonably strong. Single factor authentication is not perfect, but security professionals and regulators recognize that there should be a balance between security and convenience.
Single factor authentication in the form of a User ID and password/shared secret is the most common mechanism online to control access to protected web pages. There is little guidance on whether customer-generated passwords are consistently better or worse than provider-generated passwords. People will more likely recall their own secrets, which is good. However, the convenience of easy recall often undermines the complexity required for a reasonably strong password. Therefore, password generation focuses on required parameters of the shared secret rather than who generates the secret.
Good practice requires that a shared secret be at least six characters long, contain at least two numeric & two alpha characters, and be case sensitive. A six character password with three factors of complexity (upper case, lower case, numbers) gives a keyspace of (26 + 26 + 10)6 = 1012, which means that a random password attack would be successful 1 in 10,000,000,000,000 (ten trillion) attempts. An eight character password with the same three factors of complexity would give a keyspace of 628 or about 1015.
Most passwords remain vulnerable to brute force attacks, though, and good practice includes relatively simple, additional mechanisms that can provide greater security than simply longer keyspaces. These unintrusive mechanisms may include:
number of sequential failed login attempts before an account locks up;
how long the lockup lasts, and how it is reset; and
how often the password must be changed.
For reference, within a certain multinational company that uses passwords, the company requires passwords to be at least 6 characters long with at least three factors of complexity, and that users change passwords no less frequently than every 90 days, that five sequential failed login attempts lock up an account, that the lockup has to persist for at least 15 minutes, and that any persistent failures to login in to an account must result in a system administrator being notified.
Single sign-on ("SSO") is highly attractive for password-protected web pages with varying security requirements because it allows a visitor to authenticate once for the entire visit and gain access to multiple accounts, applications, or systems. This benefits customers because of the increasing number of passwords we must all remember. Standards organizations like the Liberty Alliance develop specifications so that SSO can work not only within different portions of a single web site but among entirely different web sites. Companies still must face the challenge of how to balance a reasonable degree of security against varying risk scenarios.
The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council ("FFIEC") published in August 2001 a memorandum entitled "Authentication in an Electronic Banking Environment" that guides banks and which the Federal Trade Commission would consider instructive. The FFIEC's Authentication guidelines state that
Authentication processes should be designed to maximizeinteroperability and should be consistent with the financial institution'soverall strategy for electronic banking and e-commerce customer services. The agencies believe the level of authentication used by a financialinstitution in a particular [web-based] application should be appropriate tothe level of risk in that application. FFIEC at 2.
The essential challenge for SSO is that the level of authentication must meet the requirements of the most valuable web pages. In practical terms, web pages that provide information are valuable to an intruder, but web pages allowing an intruder to create new accounts or modify an account in another person's name are considerably more valuable. Therefore, the convenience of single sign-on requires that all protected web pages be covered by the same authentication.
User ID/Password Re-issuance
Customers will often forget a password. The challenge for any online provider is to distinguish a genuine customer from a fraudulent one and to automate the process for efficiency and consistency. Knowledge based authentication ("KBA") is a common method, which involves a customer successfully answer one or more questions. The challenge of KBA is also the balance between security and convenience.
There are three levels of KBA in practice. First, one could ask for the person's date of birth, social security number, mother's maiden name, or favorite color. These do not exemplify personal facts that are all that secret or difficult to obtain, but verification of these may be sufficient for a web site without any non-public personal information. A second level of questions might include whether there is a co-signer on a particular loan, the name of a colleague at work, or the name of the person's freshman year dormitory at college. Correct responses to these questions are more difficult to verify by an imposter, while still reasonably memorable for the correct person. Finally there is communication from the provider to the customer through an out-of-hand mechanism to which an imposter is presumed not to have access. For example, the popular online payment site paypal.com deposits a small amount into a user's bank account and asks the user for the amount deposited. The Internal Revenue Service verifies the identity of the taxpayer when the taxpayer provides the adjusted gross income (AGI) for the prior tax year.
As with the initial authentication, though, the selection of KBA questions will depend largely on the risks of falsely granting access.
Once the provider has authenticated the person, there are different means to convey the forgotten password or User ID. For example, some financial services providers display a web page containing a customer's User ID after the person has correctly matched first and last name, social security number, and account number with the specific type of account. The provider may then require that a person reset a forgotten password after correctly answering two questions, such as "What is the middle name of your youngest sibling?" and "In what city was your first elementary school?"
Financial institutions often manage this sort of transaction through an encrypted session. When there is less need for security, one may email to the customer a message containing a temporary password or conveying the forgotten User ID. A middle ground is to email a message with a hyperlink that leads to a secure password reset page. Combining email and hyperlink provides an additional layer of security beyond transmitting even a temporary password via an unencrypted channel.
American Bar Association TM American Bar Association|/content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/business_law/migrated/safeselling/security


Rust XML processor with some features of XPath 2.0 / 3.0 / 3.1.
Building DOM tree can be done by calling new_document() function. The DOM tree can be turned into String.
Navigating DOM tree, or retrieving the DOM node, can be done by root_element(), parent(), first_child(), nth_child(), attribute_value() methods.
See the description and example of corresponding method.
But more convenient way for retrieving the DOM node is, perhaps, using XPath, especially when the search criteria is not trivial.
First XPath example is somewhat straightforward. each_node() method visits the DOM nodes that match with the given XPath, and apply the function (closure) to these nodes.
Second XPath example is more complex. This finds the clerk OR engineer (NOT advisor) who has no subordinates. Note that clerks and enginners appear in document order in each_node() iteration.
Also see the description and example of each_node(), get_first_node(), get_nodeset() methods.
XPath can also be used to evaluate for the DOM tree and get boolean, numeric, string values as well as DOM node. The example below lists up the students, and whether or not each student got 80 or more points in every (not some) examination.
Inserting / replacing / deleting the DOM node can be done by methods like append_child(), insert_as_previous_sibling(), insert_as_next_sibling(), delete_child(), replace_with(), set_attribute(), delete_attribute() methods.


The splendid amphitheatre of the Betica mountains which dominates the Costa del Sol from Marbella to Estepona, this area, composed of 1,236 hectares of crystalline rocks perforated by a powerful eruptive mass featuring an abundance of seams rich in platinum, is an important forest zone with a number of endemic species, notably a forest of Spanish firs.
In addition to the Spanish fir, there are forests of black pines, gall oaks and a number of endemic species.
Most important among the mammals are the mountain goat, deer and mongoose. Birds of prey include the Hieraetus pennatus, common falcon, sparrow hawk and golden eagle.
In the municipality of Casares, the Tourist Information Office is situated in Blas Inflante's Birthplace, where visitors can get all the information they need on the municipality, its natural surroundings and the district.
As well as being a tourist information office, the house holds a permanent exhibition featuring pieces and works about the life of Blas Infante, where we can learn more about him and what he thought. The house also has a small temporary exhibition room, which usually contains examples of works of art by local and regional artists.


Publication information: Article title: RUNNING LONDON Mayors Leaders Police Transport Olympics Business Environment Planning Media. Contributors: Not available. Newspaper title: The Evening Standard (London, England). Publication date: October 9, 2007. Page number: 16. © Solo Syndication Limited. COPYRIGHT 2007 Gale Group.


text:
Sadr al-Din Musa(1305-1391)(صدر الدين) was the son and successor of Safi-ad-din Ardabili. His mother was Bibi Fatima, daughter of Zahed Gilani. Sadr al-Din directed the Safaviyya for 59 years. During this time, the activities of the Safaviyya were viewed with favour by Timur, who provided an endowment for the shrine of Safi-ad-din Ardabili in Ardabil, and allowed Sadr al-Din to collect taxes. Timur also offered Sadr al-Din to request any favour from himself, and Sheikh Sadr al-Din asked for the release of Turkish prisoners captured by Timur from Diyarbakır. Timur accepted this request, and the freed prisoners became Sadr al-Din's loyal disciples. The descendants of these freed prisoners, emigrating by the thousands into Gilan Province, would later aid his family to found a dynasty.

He was buried at Ardabil near his father. His son Khwādja Ali († 1429) succeeded him as leader of the Safaviyya.

See also
Safaviyya Order
Sufism
Safavid dynasty
Safavid dynasty family tree

Notes

Safavid dynasty
Safaviyeh order
Kurdish Sufis
14th-century Kurdish people
1305 births
1391 deaths

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A disgraced former LAPD cop leads a home invasion in search of millions in stolen money. The crime goes wrong and homicide detectives seeking answers interrogate the only survivors, a thief and one of the victims.
Once in the life of drug dealing and organized crime, can anyone get out? During a brief jail stay, two half-brothers, who have rarely seen each other while growing up, connect. One of them, called 20/20 Mike because he can sense people nearby, concocts a scheme in which the two of them will steal drugs from young couriers. The heist goes awry when Billy, the junkie brother, shoots the victims of the theft. The brothers hole up in an abandoned building, and 20/20 Mike seeks help from an old cellmate, Tony, whom he thinks is out of the life. It turns out that they have stolen Tony's dope, and Tony's boss wants the two thieves dead.


KV Dindigul Recruitment 2018 2019 Application Form for Various Part - Time Teachers Posts Download Application through Official website www.kvgandhigram.tn.nic.in. KV Dindigul Part - Time Teachers Jobs Notification 2018 Released. KV Dindigul invites Walk in Interview for appointment in following Part - Time Teachers post in Kendriya Vidyalaya Gandhigram, Dindigul. Candidates are requested to Download Application through Official website www.kvgandhigram.tn.nic.in. Prospective candidates will have to before Walk in Interview carefully reading the advertisement regarding the process of examinations and interview, eligibility criteria, Offline registration processes, payment of prescribed application fee/intimation charges, KV Dindigul pattern of examination, KV Dindigul Syllabus, KV Dindigul Question Paper, KV Dindigul Walk in Date, KV Dindigul Result Date etc.


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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CIRCUMAMBULATION
A reprint of an address by The-late Rev. Bro. J.T. Burchill Past Secretary of the Victoria Lodge of Education and Research. Grand Lodge of British Columbia & Yukion.
The word "circumambulation" is derived from two Latin words – "circum" meaning "around" and "ambulare" meaning "to walk" and literally means "a walking around". It is not only the name of part of the three degrees in Craft Masonry but it is also the name of a symbol.
Symbolism is a part of our daily lives. The characters which you are now reading are per se meaningless unless you are trained in the English language; they are simply the symbols of thoughts in the mind of the writer. The student in school learns certain mathematical symbols.
The communicant at the Lord's Table or the Mass performs a symbolic rite which is capable of a variety of interpretations.
The rings given at engagement or marriage are symbolic of something which is difficult to express in words. Behind every symbol is an idea and it is familiarity with the idea which gives meaning and life to the symbol.
We all know that symbolism is the heart and soul of Freemasonry, but unlike mathematical symbols which are precisely defined and can bear only one meaning Freemasonry invites the initiate to speculate upon the meaning of its symbols.
As Freemasons we have an important duty to perform – to try to penetrate through the symbolism to find its meaning. The Entered Apprentice charge urges the initiate to "endeavour to make a daily advancement in Masonic knowledge". All our ritualistic work is written in several of the books on Masonry, but the secrets of the Order are not capable of being written down.
These secrets are concealed from both the members and the profane by symbolism and it is the duty as well as the privilege of every Mason to search for the meaning underlying our symbols – a search for truth – a search that will never end, and no two of us will ever find the same meaning in the same symbol.
Bearing all this in mind let us look at circumambulation as it is practiced in the Lodge today. I am referring to The American or Ancient form of ritual.
The candidate for each of the three degrees is conducted around the altar, that is around the Lodge room, by the Senior Deacon, once In the E. A. Degree, twice in the F. C. degree, and three times in the M.M. degree, while the Chaplain recites the appropriate selection from the V.S.L. – Psalm 133 for the Initiation; Amos Chapter 7, verses 7and 8 for the Passing; and Ecclesiastes Chapter 12, verses 1 to 7 for the Raising.
All this is done for a reason explained later, but the inner significance of this ceremony is hidden and must be sought for himself by the fully-fledged Master Mason. It's deep significance unites the candidate not only with all who have gone this way before in a Masonic Lodge, but also with the countless millions of men who for thousands of years have made the matter of circumambulation an offering of homage to the Unseen Presence.
We are told that among primitive man's first religions were sun and fire worship.
This I cannot accept because I am old-fashioned enough to believe that man was a special creation of GOD and not descended from the monkey.
Those who believe in Evolution have never satisfactorily explained away the enormous gap between consciousness as found in the lower animals and self-consciousness as found in man alone.
That gap, I believe, was bridged by GOD when He made man as a special creation. Technically Darwin did not teach evolution; he taught "Survival of the Fittest" which is a totally different thing.
I believe that in his pristine state, fresh from the hand of GOD, man, though uncultured and uncivilized in the sense in which we use those words today, was too spiritual to worship the creature instead of the Creator.
We have today the written records of man, dating back 50,000 years – in fact some archaeologists are prepared to move that date back to 70,000 years – which give us a picture of a people, exceedingly ancient, who fifty to seventy thousand years ago had developed a civilization in many respects superior to anything that the twentieth century has achieved. We have on several of the Pacific Islands the remains of a system of canals, wonderfully engineered; also the remains of a network of roads paved with blocks of stones so perfectly fitted together that even grass will not grow in the joints. On many islands we have the-ruins of titanic buildings, 400 feet by 150 feet, and on one island, Tonga-Tabu, they have discovered a cromlech, consisting of two gigantic uprights weighing an estimated seventy tons each which are bound together at the top with another stone estimated at twenty-five tons. When you remember that Tonga-Tabu is a coral atoll on which there is not a particle of natural stone, the nearest available stone being well over two hundred miles away, it leaves open a vast field for speculation what sort of ships these people had to carry such enormous weights, how they loaded them on the ships and afterwards unloaded them and what contrivances they used to set them up in place. On monuments, obelisks, monoliths, temple ruins and clay tablets, discovered in the isles of the Pacific; at Uxmal, Palenque and Chichen-Itza in Yucatan; in Egypt, for example the Great Pyramids; in Ur and Sumer in lower Mesopotamia; in India, Tibet, and even in the Gobi Desert, where Roy Andrews discovered the works of a highly cultured people of exceeding antiquity, we have the remains of ancient civilizations whose members chiselled on monolith and temple facade their history and philosophy. These early pre-historic men have left remains which leave no doubt whatsoever in our minds as to the advanced state of their civilization.
The interesting thing is that the first hieroglyphic that these very ancient people used for GOD – who among them was nameless out of reverence – was the CIRCLE, sometimes a plain circle, sometimes a circle with four dots signifying the four Great Primary Forces of the Creator; a Circle, the only perfect figure, having neither beginning nor ending.
This suggests to me that they conceived of GOD as a Being, eternal, from everlasting to everlasting and this to my mind precludes the idea that they worshipped the sun or fire. Of course primitive man found GOD in nature, thunder was His voice; lightning was His weapon; wind was His breath; rain was His fructifying power; earthquake showed His anger; fire was His presence.
You know how difficult it is for the average person even today to think abstractly; it is much easier and safer to think concretely. Ask any Christian friend and he will tell you that it is much easier to keep your mind on your worship of GOD if you have before you an image, or a crucifix, or a picture, or even a lighted candle.
So with early man!! He needed a symbol to represent the Infinite; and looking up into the sky he saw there the blazing orb of the sun, a Circle representing Infinity, and so the sun became his symbol of the Unseen Presence. The sun gave light and heat, it kept the wild beast in his lair by day; it germinated his seeds in the spring; in summer it melted the snow on the mountains, filling again his rivers and lakes; it grew his crops; it ripened his harvest; it was a veritable – source of life itself. So man made the sun his symbol of the Infinite, the Creator, the fountain of all life. With the sun before him he could more devoutly worship the Absolute, His God, the Unseen Presence.
But there were days when the sun was not visible. Man saw that fire gave light and heat; it prepared his food; it kept the wild beasts away; it warmed him in winter; it too was a source of life. And so the symbolic worship of the sun in the sky was conducted by symbolic worship of fire upon piles of stones which were man's first altars. Heat and light man could produce by fire, so lighting the fire on the altar became an important religious ceremony.
We all know that man is incurably imitative. The young people in the home love to strut in their parents' clothes, playing grown-up. In their turn the parents play that game called "keeping up with the Joneses. The valet copies his master, the clerk imitates the office manager. So too, early man imitated the movement of his symbol of GOD. The sun seems to move from east to west by way of the south, and so early man learned to circle his altar on which burned the symbol of his GOD, from East to West by way of the South. And so circumambulation became an important part of all religious ceremonies.
It was observed in the rites of the earliest inhabitants of Yucatan who have left us the marvellous ruins of the temple in Chichen-Itza; indications of its observance have been found in ancient Egypt; it was part of the Elusinian Mysteries which so largely influenced St. Paul's writings; it was practised in the rites of Mithraism, that worship of the Persian sun-god which rivalled Christianity for nearly three-hundred years; it was practised also at Stonehenge and in a thousand other cults, and down through the ages it has come to us.
When the candidate first circles the lodge room, rounds the altar, he walks step by step with the shadow of millions of men who have thus worshipped the Most High by humble imitation.
When you view Circumambulation in this historic light, you find that it is no longer a mere parade, but a ceremony of the deepest significance linking all who take part in it with the spiritual aspirations of a dim and distant past. But I have kept the best wine till the last.
To the Master Mason the really significant teaching of this symbolic act is its introduction of the idea of dependence.
In the American or Ancient work the candidate is admitted to the Lodge room hoodwinked and remains so until later kneeling at the altar he takes upon himself a "solemn oath and binding obligation" after which he is brought to light in Masonry.
When he is first admitted to the Lodge room he is received in the E.A. degree on the point of a sword applied to his naked left breast. He is then requested to kneel for prayer, after which he is asked: "In Whom do you place your trust?" On answering: "In GOD," he is assured: "Your trust being in GOD your faith is well founded. Arise, follow your guide and fear no danger."
The Senior Deacon then conducts him around the Lodge room from East to West by way of the South, first to the Junior Warden, then to the Senior Warden and lastly to the Worshipful Master when each satisfies himself as to the candidate's qualifications for initiation.
In this simple ceremony of reception Freemasonry speaks plainly to him who will listen.
From the cradle to the grave man gropes his way in the dark and none could find nor keep his path without a Guide who can guard him from the ills, the perils and the pit-falls incident to human life.
In spite of all our boasted knowledge and foresight we may at any moment be in the presence of danger if not of death. Truly it does not lie in the power of any man to direct his path, and without a true and trusted friend in whom we can confide not one of us could find his way home.
So Masonry teaches us on our first step within the body of a Lodge that we live and walk by faith, not by sight. This to my mind is the deeper meaning and significance of the symbolism of Circumambulation, a meaning which at the moment escapes the candidate, under the stress of his novel surroundings and circumstances & not knowing what is to come next as the Senior Deacon conducts him in his hoodwinked state round the altar of the Lodge.
Since no man can find his way alone, in life as in the Lodge, we must in humility trust our Guide, learn His ways, follow Him and fear no danger.
Happy is the Mason who has learned that secret.
As circumstance would have it, just last Thursday evening I had the pleasure of being present in my home Lodge and witnessing the conferral of the E/A Degree.
It then comes as an excellent surprise that in searching my library I uncover this paper written by a fellow brother whom I did have the pleasure of knowing.
To me this paper explains WHY we do what we do & puts a face on something that we do in Lodge, simply because "It has always been done that way"
Have a Wonderful Day & God Bless
Ceremonial Preparation
What is Freemasonry – its Aims & Objectives


Just to let you know: Our happy servers will physically move to a new and fresh datacenter tonight. There will be a scheduled downtime of the Chilp it! service between 23:30 and 8:00 o'clock (GMT+1).
Update: All services are up and running again (2010-11-06, 08:52).