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I am a very nervy person, my sensory system seems to be jacked up an awful lot higher than most people's. This means I get overwhelmed easily and it doesn't take much for me to be exhausted by everything around me. It feels like everything I look at, hear and sense takes a little of my energy away. At one point this resulted in my being unable to walk as my nervous system was flooded out by stress and apparently my mind decided that the only way to cope with this was to limit my body until I chilled out.
As you can imagine this was hideous, I had to get a wheelchair, stop working as much and generally learn to live my life again in a different way, with a lot more space and less doing in my life.
Last June I had a car accident where someone rear ended me at a mini roundabout. I didn't see or hear it coming, because he sneezed and hit the accelerator by mistake. I had my dog in the car and I was utterly hysterical. It took over an hour for the paramedics to calm me down and they let Buster into the ambulance with me. Luckily I was in a hire car and he was on the back seat (in a sling to cover the seats), where as normally he would be in the boot. The boot was absolutely destroyed. Buster is my (informal, untrained) therapy dog, he has been a huge part of learning to get well again both physically and mentally. I had to learn to walk so I could keep him. I had originally bought him to be my marathon training partner, that's how much my life had changed. Having to go and walk him in the woods means that I stay well – again mentally and physically. He is a springer spaniel and very high energy. If he doesn't get lots of stimulation and exercise he turns into Buster the Destroyer. My kindle, glasses (spectacles), numerous socks/knickers – seriously I have no idea how he finds them, but destroy them he does, or he turns into a devil and goes around stealing and creating mischief.
Since the car accident I have struggled greatly with tinnitus and hearing. Not being able to hear my husband unless he is facing me, really struggling in meetings or workshops and going out shopping was awful as I would get so stressed by not hearing things.
However, I had a hearing test and it came back as mild hearing loss – certainly not enough to reflect the level of hearing loss I am experiencing. This week I saw a hearing therapist. And essentially she explained to me that in the accident, where I was so traumatised I have impacted my hearing process, not the mechanism, the process. The problem isn't that I can't hear, it's that I can hear everything and I am not able to filter out. This explains why I am also really sensitive to noises, being very jumpy and getting extremely overwhelmed in noisy situations.
This is exactly what is happening to me, whenever I am in the car I am anxious that the same thing is going to happen again. I have buster in the car with me eight times out of ten, and I am worried that is he going to die because of someone else going into the back of me. So this is reinforcing the feelings. The same when I get stressed out that I can't hear, my system makes me less able to hear, so I get more stressed etc etc etc. The exact same thing happens with chronic fatigue and pain, it is all down to the nervous system being turned up an awful lot higher than normal, so that everything takes an even higher toll.
Part of my problem is I am a deeply stressed person who is unable to relax. I meditate daily and do yoga, but that doesn't seem to be enough. And I've realised it's because I don't really do much on impulse or for fun. I am so afraid that if I let go I will unwind so much that I will never get going again. That I am going deaf and I won't be able to make my living doing what I do. Or that I need to have so much rest that I am not going to be able to make money. Cealrly there are an awful lot of issues to unpack here. But first and foremost I need to do things for fun with out working about how I can prove my worth – either by volunteering to take on more stuff (which has happened with my concert band, I was enjoying it so much, but then I felt I had to prove my existence and so I volunteered for the committee and I have so much stuff to do), OR that I turn it into money. OR a qualification of some description – I enjoy moodling around on the piano, I have no real idea what I am doing, so I felt that I should start doing my grades, despite the fact I am already doing grades in flute. I can't just enjoy it for the pleasure of it.
I need to learn to calm my hyper nervous system down, yes that is more meditation, but also learning to have fun and relax.
Previous PostNope, definitely an introvert!
thank you – it's always nice to know I am not alone!


1. PG Student, Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India. 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India. 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India. 4.Professor and HEAD Department of Anatomy Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
The 7th cervical vertebra or vertebra prominence is visible and palpable for its long spinous process at the lower end of the nuchal furrow. The ribs are 12 pairs of elastic arches that articulate posteriorly with the vertebral column.Their number may be increased by cervical or lumbarribsor reduced by the absence of the twelfth pair. A cervical rib is the costal element of the seventh cervical vertebra, often it has an head, neck and tubercle. When a shaft is present, it is of variable length, and extends anterolaterally into the posterior triangle of the neck, where it may end freely or join the first rib or costal cartilage. A cervical rib can be partly fibrous,being its effects unrelated to the size of its osseous part (1). It is related to first thoracic rib, lower trunk of the brachial plexus and Subclavian vessels which are superior and prone to suffer compression in a narrow angle between rib and Scalenus anterior. Hence cervical ribs may first be revealed bynervous and vascular symptoms, particularly those caused by pressure on the eighth cervical and first thoracic spinal nerves (2), (3).
During the routine radiologic interpretation of a chest x-ray (Table/Fig 1), in the of Department of Radiology, Kasturba Medical College,Manipal, India, we observed a case of right cervical rib, in a 30 year old woman. The patient came to the OPD with the complaints of swelling along the arms, pain, feeling of pins and needles in her right arm.
The cervical rib, a supernumerary rib, an elongation of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra are permanent dysmorphological structures, induced by xenobioticor maternal stress, forms an important cause for neurovascular compression and consequent muscular and cutaneous symptoms (3). Accessory ribs are permanent structures in contrast to ossification site that disappear postnatally, probably becoming part of the lateral transverse vertebral processes.cervical ribs are normally present in crocodiles (4). The correlation of symptoms must be due to mutual influences ofthe notochord, neural tube, neural crest, andsomites during the time of somite formation. An incidence of 25% cervicalribs was found alongwith childhood carcinomas. HOX genes play an important role in the patterning of the axial skeleton in all vertebrateclasses. In mammals Hox genes are involved inpatterning of the skeletal axis and in its proliferation, whereas the neuronal problemsare a direct consequence of the aberrations in the regulation of Hox genes. During embryological development, each segment contains spinal nerve, meroblastic tissue which will form a rib or the costal element of a vertebra.An extensive studies of adults found cervical ribs to be more common in females and on the right side (5). In the cervical and thelumbarregions the developing nerve takes precedence over the rib so that developmentof a rib at these levels is prevented. The costal element of the 7th cervical vertebra was normally present as a separate entity in the cervical region in the fetus,which disappears after birth by becoming incorporated by synostosis into thetransverse process of the associated vertebra (5), (6). The embryonic nerve trunks arelargerin proportion to the vertebra and ribs. The obliquely running nerves impede the growthof the ribs, therefore discouraging them to form vertebral processes. Ribs are normally present in the fetus in articulation with vertebrae above the eighth, and after birth they are present only astransverse processes of the cervicalvertebrae.The extent of growth of a cervical rib is determined by the resistanceof the nerve in its path. The complete cervical rib extends forward and downwardbetween the Scalenus anterior and Scalenusmedius muscles to meet the costal cartilage of the first rib (7), (8). The effect of a cervical rib is to raise the artery in the neck, thus sharpening the smooth curve, arching over the first rib. Any drag on the arm will angulate the artery over a rigid structure, and a common complaint of these patients is inability to carry a heavy package on the affected side. The end result may be ischaemic contracture of forearm and hand, or a major amputation, following occlusion of the main vascular channels by embolism or thrombosis (9).The lowest trunk of the brachial plexus is intimately related to a cervical rib more often than is the subclavian artery, suggested that vascular symptoms associated with such a rib might be due to paralysis of the sympathetic fibers running in this trunk (9), (10). In our present case,the presence of a right cervical rib, presume to cause the right Sub clavian vascular compression know as Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: [TOS]. Such an Arterial TOS would have been the result of emboli arising from subclavian artery stenosis or aneurysms. Symptoms of digital ischemia, claudication, pallor, coldness, paresthesia, and pain in the hand but seldom in the shoulder and the neck are analyzed during outpatient medical examination and X-rays almost disclose a cervical rib of osseous type with a round end. Our findings coincide with the cases having complications due to arterial emboli arising either from mural thrombus in a Sub clavian artery aneurysm or from thrombus forming just distal to Sub clavian arterystenosis. TOS is the most difficult-to-treat entrapment neuropathy encountered by neurosurgeons. Surgical intervention is indicated for patients with vascular and true neurogenic symptoms (11), (12). The etio pathogenesis can be explained by thepressure and functional disturbances on the neurovascular bundle in thesupraclavicular fossa or in the costoclavicular space. Such pressure maybe caused by tightening, fibrosis or hypertrophyof the anterior scalene muscle, the pressure ofa cervical rib, narrowing of the costoclavicularspace.The pain in the shoulder and the arm was occasionally relieved by elevating the shoulder on a pillow (11), (12). An attempt being made to resect the rib along with thedivision of intervening bands, the cervical trunks and the neurovascular bundles are repositioned in order to escape further entrapment.
Standering S (Gray's Anatomy. The anatomical basis of clinical practice. Churchill Livingstone. Elsevier. 39th ed. PP 746-48.
E. Mcnally, B.Sandin,. Wilkins,The ossification of the costal element of the seventh cervical vertebra with particular reference to cervical ribs. J. Anat. (1990) 175,125-29.
M.H, J Becker F. Lassner, J Bahm, G, Ingianni, Pallua, The cervical Rib, Journal of Bone and joint surgery. pp 740-43.
Adson AW, Coffey JR. Cervical Rib : A Method of Anterior Approach for Relief of sympotms by division of the Scaneus Anticus. Ann Surgery. 1927 JUN;85(6):839-57.
FrietsonGalisWhy Do Almost All Mammals Have Seven Cervical Vertebrae? Developmental Constraints, Hox Genes, and Cancer. journal of experimental zoology (moldevevol) 285:19–26 (1999).
Todd TW. The Arterial Lesion in Cases of "Cervical" Rib. J Anat Physiol. 1913 Jan;47(Pt 2):250–53.
Samuel W. Boorstein. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 1922; 4:687-704.
B rewin J, Hill M, E llis H; The prevalence of cervical ribs in a London population. Clinical Anatomy. 2009 Apr; 22(3):331-6.
CG Rob MC AND A Standeven,arterial occlusion complicating thoracic outlet compression syndrome, British medical journal. 1958, 706.
Jasonhusang MD, Eric l Zager MD; thoracic outlet syndrome, 2004, Neurosurgery. vol;55, no;4, 897-903.
Ward W Woods, M;DThorcic outlet syndrome. West J Med. 128:9-12, Jan 1978.
Neal Richard J Sander, A.B Sharon L, Hammond M Rao, Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. Journal of vascularsurgery. 60l Sept 2007.


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Lawson North Canberra
Register to stay informed
What is planned for the site?
Defence Housing Australia (DHA) is working to deliver residential and community development on up to 40% of the land at Lawson. The site is located at the former Belconnen Naval Transmitting Station in Canberra's northern suburbs. DHA seek to transform this large secure site into a vibrant and connected community for Defence families, the local community and the public. The proposed development is currently referred to as Lawson North.
A significant portion of the 144-hectare site will be preserved for conservation. Extensive investigations into flora and fauna, heritage and contamination have been undertaken to ensure environmental assets are protected and that the site is ready for the agreed proposals.
The proposed development, delivered over a number of stages, will provide open space, parkland and community facilities for residents and the wider public to enjoy. The design of the proposed estate balances the history and environmental values of the site with residential and community uses.
Stage 1 proposes to deliver a mix of low-density and medium-density residential development, including about 170 residential dwellings on approximately 22 hectares of land.
Stage 2 proposes to expand the developable area by approximately 30 hectares to deliver a mix of low-density and medium-density residential development, including approximately 400 additional residential dwelling.
Stage 2 signifies the future proposed development of the site, but this stage may be delivered in a number of releases, depending upon planning approvals and demand.
Click masterplan image to enlarge. This high resolution image may take some time to load.
These combined stages could see the total residential development proposed at Lawson North deliver approximately 570 dwellings. About half of the dwellings will be retained for Defence members and their families, with surplus land lots being released for public sale.
The proposed development for Stage 1 is consistent with the current Development Control Plan (DCP), while Stage 2 would seek to modify the DCP to expand the area for residential development.
DHA provides housing for Defence members and their families. Defence housing requirements within this region has increased and therefore DHA is seeking to meet this demand within the Lawson North development.
Lawson North is currently in the planning and design stage.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You are here: News >> Roads Australia Insider
Roads Australia Insider - 25 September 2020 last updated on September 25, 2020
NSW projects fast-tracked
More than 30 new and fast-tracked health, education and transport and roads projects will be delivered across NSW within two years, as part of the NSW Government's $3 billion Jobs and Infrastructure Acceleration Fund.
The Fund is part of the NSW Government's COVID-19 Recovery Plan, which will include an accelerated $600m in funding for projects built in four separate fields: health, education, transport and roads worth $2.4 billion.
The transport related projects that will receive accelerated or additional funding over the next two years to fast track employment, include:
$28.2m Mamre Road Stage 1 (M4 Motorway to Erskine Park Road);
$90m Spring Farm Parkway Stage 1; and
An initial $20m to start work on the Coffs Harbour Jetty Foreshore precinct. Project up to $76m (subject to further community consultation)
Infrastructure Victoria proposes new PT fare model
Infrastructure Victoria is proposing a new, variable fare structure that would provide discounts for travelling outside peak times and for choosing less crowded services, such as the currently under-used bus network or weekend trains.
The recommendation is set out in a new report - Fair Move: Better Public Transport Fares for Melbourne – which looks at how to make Victoria's public transport system cheaper, safer and fairer in the short to medium term.
Infrastructure Victoria notes that modelling shows that by offering different price options depending on when and how people travel, public transport can be cheaper, safer and fairer for most travellers, especially those on low incomes.
EOIs sought for Walkerston Bypass construction
Construction companies are being invited to submit their interest in building the $150 million Walkerston Bypass in Queensland.
When complete, the bypass will provide a 10.6-kilometre link between the Bruce and Peak Downs highways, following Stockroute Road before deviating south at the western end and joining the Peak Downs Highway west of Walkerston.
The first 2.6 kilometres of the bypass has already been built as part of the Mackay Ring Road, which opened last week.
Perth City Deal set to enhance active transport
Active transport infrastructure in Perth is set to be enhanced by a new billion-dollar partnership between the Commonwealth Government, WA State Government and City of Perth.
The $1.5 billion City Deal will bring government and private investment into the CBD, creating almost 10,000 jobs while encouraging more people back into the city creating flow on economic benefits for small businesses.
As part of the City Deal, $105 million has been allocated to the Perth CBD Transport Plan to upgrade cycling and walking infrastructure, bus stop accessibility upgrades and enhance Roe Street.
The centrepiece of this plan is the new Swan River Causeway Bridge, which will enhance road safety by taking cyclists and pedestrians off the existing Causeway Bridge and providing them with a dedicated river crossing.
The City Deal also allocates funding to several other projects designed to encourage more people to consider cycling, walking or catching public transport through the Perth CBD.


In a press release dated May 3, New York State attorney general Andrew Cuomo (left) announced subpoenas of 90 college and university alumni associations. The goal? "Full disclosure of their relationships with Nelnet, one of the nation's largest student loan consolidation companies."
Our latest action targets alumni associations across the country and their relationships with one of the nations' [sic] largest loan consolidators – Nelnet.
Nelnet, based in Nebraska, provides students and alumni with consolidation of federal and private student loans. This investigation follows on the heels of the AG's aggressive investigation of so-called preferred lenders' relationships with financial aid offices on many campuses nationwide.
At issue now is "whether alumni associations received and failed to disclose payments from Nelnet for steering their members exclusively to the student loan consolidator." The AG is also interested in fees paid to associations, such as revenue sharing or other similar arrangements.
showing benefits given by Nelnet to any employee of the alumni association including meals, trips, gifts or other perks.
In addition, they're collecting actual contracts, records of payments, and communication between alumni staff and the schools whose alumni they represent.
Cuomo is an alumnus of Fordham University ('79) and Albany Law School ('82).
Full text of Cuomo's press release.
in 1995, only 47 percent of high school graduates whose parents had no college education enrolled in college the fall after high school completion. In 1999, the figure was about 54 percent....First-generation students nationally are also not very likely to enroll in four-year postsecondary institutions; only 30 percent of first-generation college students did so in 1995.
Clearly the numbers are small. And yet, if this cohort's behavior is measurably different from that of alumni with college-going family backgrounds, alumni directors at schools with many first-generation college enrollees will want to take note. This is an area with great potential for useful research.


I had the same thoughts going into college as every other freshman. I wondered what it would be like, who I would meet, how many parties I would go to and what cool things I would get to experience. But, the issue that I and many other freshmen have is that I also expected it to go exactly how I had planned it in my head. I expected that I would stick with my major, get the job I had always dreamed about, be a part of the clubs I already knew existed going in and I would be happy doing so. I've never been further from the truth.
Expecting to know the outcome of everything before I even stepped foot in my dorm room is a mistake that many freshmen make. It is impossible to know how you will adapt to life on campus, and I found this as I grew distant from some of the people I knew from high school and closer with the people I have just met.
One of the lessons that I have learned in the past semester and a half of being a college student is that over everything, do what makes you happy. I spent the entirety of my first semester hoping that the major I had picked would become more exciting or that I would eventually end up actually enjoying it. I spent the semester trying to find a minor that I actually liked since my major didn't make me happy. I convinced myself that it would get better and I didn't know what my career would be like, so I just had to wait it out.
The best decision I ever made was changing my major and finally admitting to myself that I was wrong when I first came to college, that it's okay to not follow your expectations.
Advice from a freshman doesn't always seem to be helpful, but what I've learned is something that everyone should keep in mind. If you are not happy, change things, make it so that in the end you are happy.
With that being said, changing my major, joining the The Good Five Cent Cigar and rushing a sorority have been some of the best decisions I have made as a freshman.
Joining the Cigar was a last minute decision, but ultimately showed me who I want to be and what I want to do. Never in a million years would I have thought that journalism and writing would be my calling, especially during the first meeting when I hid in the back and hoped they wouldn't ask me to take an article.
I also decided to rush a sorority at the beginning of last semester, and that was the best decision I have made during my college career. I have had so many opportunities, and made countless friendships that I know will last for the rest of my life.


How I 'Edit' my Instagram Photos!
Hey everyone! I wasn't planning on writing this as I fully intended for my next post to be a review of the new-ish Revolution conceal and define foundation. However, I was browsing other blogs I follow earlier and took inspiration from ohmygosia and thought I'd include the apps I use to put filters on my images.… Continue reading How I 'Edit' my Instagram Photos!


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Q: C# How can I used a string to reference a pre-existing variable by the same name? I have a textfile and on each line is a single word followed by specific values
For example:
texture_menu_label_1 = 0 0 512 512

What I want to do is read that text in and basically convert it to the following commmand:
texture_menu_label_1 = new int[]{0, 0, 512, 512};

Parsing the line and extracting the integer values for the constructor is trivial, but im wondering if there is anyway to use the "texture_menu_label_1" String from the file to reference a pre-existing variable by the same name...
Is there anyway to do this without manually constructing a lookup table?

A: You really don't want to do this.  I know you think you do, I remember when I was learning how to program and I thought the same thing, but really, you don't.
There are better ways to store a collection values, in your case, this would be a multi-dimensional array (or a List<List<int>>).  If not that, then perhaps a hash table (Dictionary<string,int[]>).
Better yet, if this data is 'regular' and logically connected, create your own custom type and maintain a collection of those.  You really don't want to go down the road of tying your logic to the names of your variables... very messy.
That data looks like a rectangle.  Why not just maintain a Dictionary<string,Rectangle>?
var dict = new Dictionary<string, Rectangle>();
dict.Add("some_name", new Rectangle(0, 0, 512, 512));
// ... later
var rect = dict["some_name"];  // get the rectangle that maps to "some_name"

A: Before you try to implement an answer please consider why you are doing this, and whether there may be a better solution.
I recommend using a Dictionary to store the data by name as strings.
dataDictionary["texture_menu_label_1"] = new int[] { ... };

Another approach is to use a separate class with fields, since fields can be accessed by name. You may experience performance issues though, and it's definitely not an optimal solution.
class Data
{
    public int[] texture_menu_label_1;
    ...
}

You can use reflection to set the field value. Something like this:
typeof(Data).GetField("texture_menu_label_1").SetValue(data, new int [] { ... });

A: Use a HashTable (Dictionary for generics) or similar. The key would be the string (texture_menu_label_1) and the value would be the array.

A: What if you wrap it up in a struct?
struct TextureMenu
{
  string MenuString;
  int[] Values;
}

Then, instead of dealing directly with either type, you just deal with the struct.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Multiple colored LED headlights are also available on a string which can be used to jazz up a dimly lit otherwise and under-focused area. The best thing about LED string headlight bulbs is how they can be draped around areas like soffit, trees and others to enhance festive effect. They can be strewn across hedges and plants to create the effect of dim glowing. You can purchase the lights that can fade and twinkle in and out as well. If the LED headlights are not for you, the rope LED lights can be wonderful. They can do lighting up spiraling and pathways around pillars or grills.


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Adobe Photoshop CS4 Review
Cliff Smith, February 29, 2012 10:18 am GMT
Page 1 Adobe Photoshop CS4 Review
Page 6 Sample images – Content-Aware Scaling Review
Page 7 Sample images – Extended Depth of Field Review
Adobe Photoshop has been a fixture of the image editing business for so long that despite the best efforts of Adobe's marketing department its name has taken on the status of a household word for image editing. The first version was launched for the Apple Macintosh computer in 1990, and the program quickly became the industry standard, a position it has held ever since. New versions of Photoshop have been released every year or two since 1990. They were numbered up until the launch of the eighth version, called Photoshop CS, in 2003. CS stands for Creative Suite, since Photoshop is now part of a range of creative graphics and media programs published by Adobe.
The eleventh version of the program, Photoshop CS4, was launched in September 2008. I wrote a beta preview of it at the time, detailing some of the new features, but since then I've been using it on a daily basis and I've got to know the program pretty well, so it's finally time for a thorough in-depth review.
While the first Photoshop CS was a major upgrade from the previous version, the two subsequent versions, CS2 and CS3, were criticised by some people as being only minor updates, and many private users never bothered to update to the newer products. CS4 however is far more than a minor update of CS3. Whole chunks of the program have been re-written to make them faster, smoother and more effective, and many new features have been added.


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Are you thinking of blogging for your business? Maybe you've thought about starting a blog but you're not sure how it could benefit your business or even where to start. This blog may just shed some light on the matter and help to answer some of your questions.
If you've read any of my previous blog posts you'll have picked up on the fact that I love stories. I believe everyone and every business has a unique story to share, and a blog is the perfect platform to do just that.
This blog post is the result of a short presentation I recently delivered to a fabulous group of women in business attending a local Athena Networking meeting. I'll be honest with you I was a little nervous, and with such an enormous subject to cover I was a little overwhelmed to know where to begin too. When I was fleshing out the idea and planning what I was going to say in only 10 minutes (with a bit of extra time for questions,) I knew I needed to be creative, I needed to keep it interesting, succinct and have some valuable takeaways too.
As with any content I create for a client, I am always recommending ways in which they can repurpose it, whether its to use as social media posts, or on their website. I thought on this occasion I would actually take some of my own advice and repurpose my presentation into a blog post.
What do I mean by being you?
As I mentioned before, having a blog on your business website is the ideal place for you to share your story. No-one else has walked in your shoes, set up your business, developed the products or services you offer, and packaged them up like you have.
Of course you will have competitors within your industry, however they are not you. I believe we all have a story to share, and by presenting your values and your vision, showing off your personality, and sharing your expertise you can truly connect with people on an emotional level and inspire them.
By sharing meaningful and useful content with our readers you have the opportunity to become their go-to expert and someone they trust, even before they have met you, picked up the phone or sent you an email.
If however you haven't got the time or skill set to be you on the page, or struggle to capture the most powerful and impactful parts of your story, then find someone who can help you and write as you.
One of the biggest challenges faced by many of the business owners I work with and speak to is knowing exactly what to blog about. Telling your story is important, however it is equally important to make your customer the hero of the story too, and to do that you need to listen to them.
You want to be publishing content that is of value to people, so tune in to what it is they need from you (having a trusty notebook or somewhere on your phone to capture all those frequently asked questions is invaluable.) As a result I am pretty sure that you could create a blog post to answer each one of their questions or solve every one of their problems.
The other thing to consider when it comes to creating content for you blog is to share your own experiences, and what you have learnt about your industry and your business, from developing new products, creating new packages of the services you offer, or attending conferences and networking.
Through your blog you can take people on a journey with you and share your insights. This is your opportunity to open the window for them to peak in, and look behind the scenes at what it is you do and most importantly why.
There's no escaping the fact that we are all inherently nosey and love a story, so why not share it?
Blogging can be one of those jobs when you're busy running a business that slides further down your to do list, and this applies for me too!
Getting organised and planning when to write your posts, how often, when and where to share them will be key to the success of your blog. Plus it will take away the overwhelm and panic that can easily consume you when you have a million and one other jobs to do.
Marking out time in your diary exclusively to plan your content in advance is definitely worth it, and once again if this is simply not your thing, or time doesn't allow, then consider outsourcing it.
As well as being organised, be observant and keep track of the trends in your industry, and what your competitors are doing, so that you can be bang up to date with the content you are creating and sharing with your ideal audience.
If there is one piece of advice I can offer it would be to be patient. You need to be committed and ready to invest time to grow your blog, and your audience. Posting just one blog and expecting it to do amazing things and bring in loads of new business is unrealistic.
Think of it like you do any other sort of marketing content, what are your intentions?
For example your website may already rank amazingly well on search engines however you may want to inject some of your personality and a story element into your website. Or maybe you are looking to build a bank of content that you can then repurpose for social media, video and other marketing opportunities.
Being clear on your objectives will ultimately make it easier when it comes to planning what you are going to write about.
It can help people find you, through searchable content, for as long as it is timeless and relevant it can continue to work for you long after you've posted it.
It can improve your client / customer experience – where you can address questions and offer advice.
It's an opportunity to spark a conversation and connect with the people you want to attract into your business.
And finally, it's where you get to tell the story of your brand, your business and you! The part I am most passionate about, and love helping business owners to discover.
If you have found this blog helpful, please share it on your social media channels so others may benefit, and if you still have some unanswered questions, than please ping me a message, I would love the opportunity to help you.
Until next time, happy blogging and be truly you.
If you would like to keep up to date with all my news and blogs pop your email address below to subscribe.


Access to all businesses on Ripley Road between Business Route 4 and the bridge will be maintained at all times.
Motorist, bicyclist and pedestrian traffic will not be permitted to cross the bridge beginning Monday, 3/28. Please follow signed detours. The bridge is scheduled to reopen in October 2016.
WATER and SEWER: Crews are scheduled to continue working on water and sewer structures on Ripley Road at the location and approach to the bridge. All businesses along Ripley Road remain open and accessible at all times.
PILES: Crews are scheduled to begin driving test piles on Wed., 4/6/16. Pile driving will take place throughout the week of 4/11/16.
ABUTMENT 1: Crews are scheduled to begin forming the back wall of the abutment throughout the week of 4/11/16. Concrete pour is scheduled for the following week.
TRAFFIC DELAYS: Please note that the bridge has been closed to through traffic as of Monday, 3/28/16 at 7:00 AM. Please follow signed detours.
RIPLEY ROAD AND ALL BUSINESSES ALONG RIPLEY ROAD REMAIN OPEN AND ACCESSIBLE THROUGHOUT THE DURATION OF THE CLOSURE via Business Route 4. Otter Valley Supply, Village Car Wash, and the entrance to the Wilk Paving plant will be accessible from Ripley Road.
Drivers are warned to exercise extreme caution on granular surfaced roadways in a work zone. Punctured tires and windshield damage could occur if material flies up from the surface of the road. Maintain a safe distance between vehicles and obey the speed limit.
There is no work scheduled at the site of the Dorr Bridge throughout the week of 4/11/16.
TRAFFIC DELAYS: There are no anticipated traffic delays or necessary traffic control measures for the week of 4/11/16.
Contact Natalie Boyle, Project Outreach Coordinator, GPI, Inc. with any questions or concerns in regard to the Rutland City Bridges projects at 802-310-7822. For day to day updates on the project, please visit the project Facebook page at www.facebook.com/RutlandCityProctor2014.


Repair Types A thin polymer composition of the Polyforce Hardener allows the applied material to permeate the concrete surface up to 15 millimeters deep. 100% of cured Polyforce material will reside under the surface of treated concrete.
The thin polymer composition of the Polyforce Hardener allows the applied material to permeate the concrete surface up to 15 millimeters deep. 100% of cured Polyforce material will reside under the surface of treated concrete.
This unique quality allows our applications to withstand severe static hydraulic pressure, which is present in all retaining walls. Polyforce Hardener creates a composite monolithic concrete surface impermeable to moisture, weather elements. The application significantly prolongs the useful life of the concrete and reduces futures maintenance and cracks.
Following the application, the concrete was painted in a light gray colour with a special Polyforce Protective paint. The paint blends the repaired area with the rest of the exterior finish and provides added armoring against the elements.
Repair costs are far cheaper than injection concrete and are 300% longer lasting.


text:
de katholieke beweging "Le Sillon" van Marc Sangnier
het blad "Le Sillon" van Marc Sangier
Le Sillon (schilderkunst) te Brussel

Zie ook
Notre Charge Apostolique, encycliek van Pius X

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You'll be pleased to know this isn't another email from me about someone dropping out or changes I need to make!
We would just like to give you our hugest thanks to you and all of the Swancar Staff!
Not only is the venue absolutely amazing but all the staff within are too!
We know we certainly had our wedding at the no.1 place that we fell in love with!
We have so many amazing photos already so we are so excited to see our professional ones in the next couple of weeks!


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>
Tukey lambda PPCC plot
</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="help.css">

Definition

Graphical technique for identifying the shape parameter for a distributional
family that best describes the dataset.

The Tukey lambda distribution has for quantile `Q(p) = (p^lambda-(1-p)^lambda)/lambda`.

We do a series of probability plot of the data with the Tukey lambda distribution for λ between -1 and 1, and we plot the correlations.
The maximum of the curve gives the best value of the shape parameter:

 λ = -1	Approximately Cauchy C(0,π)

 λ = 0	Exactly logistic

 λ = 0.14	Approximately normal N(0,2.142)

 λ = 0.5	Strictly concave

 λ = 1	Exactly uniform U(-1,1)

Parameters

In the top slot, the qualitative field whose categories are to be represented.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Are you searching for just the right H2h Slim Fit Suits in Gadsden AL? H2h short sleeve Suits are tailored to stick to the body's shape and are splendid for the energetic man.
Showcasing a narrow waist cut, smooth top and slightly broader at the back the H2h, long sleeve Slim fit H2H are flying off the shelves in Gadsden AL. Designs in stock currently feature Solid color and Mist, but complementary designs may be presented in the Alabama online store. Suits are presented in different cloths.
Typical fabrics in Gadsden Alabama are velour and silk. Creations we have in inventory for immediate shipping are Wrinkle-resistant and Solid slim-fit button-front shirt H2h designs. Check out our extensive H2h collection in Gadsden Alabama.
Our H2h Slim fit shirt is supposed to be far more body fitting than basic shirts although not so tightly held or constricting so it magnifies the quality of the Gadsden AL man.
Slim fit clothes are the common preference for gentlemen who wish to appear fashionable and competent and awesome. Slim fit dress garments are manufactured to completely fit the natural male shape. From Basic Design to Regular cuff, we will have a H2h outfit or garment to meet your standards.
Free Shipping is provided on selected H2h suits in Gadsden AL.
Take note: Expected shipment dates can deviate in Gadsden AL .


The Florida Center for Creative Photography will showcase 50 photographs celebrating Clearwater in a free photography exhibit entitled "Our Bright and Beautiful Home from Beach to Bay."
The photographs celebrate the city through a variety of black and white images and color photographs created by members of the Florida Center for Creative Photography.
The exhibit opens Friday, Sept. 14 with an opening reception from 6:30 to 10 p.m. at Second Century Studios, 331 Cleveland St. in Downtown Clearwater. The exhibit will remain open through the month of September and a part of the month of October.
The regular hours of the exhibit will be from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday at Second Century Studios. The exhibit will end with a closing reception that is scheduled from 6:30 to 10 p.m. Oct. 12.
Along with the exhibit, the Florida Center for Creative Photography will offer free photography classes in October at Second Century Studios. The classes will be taught by Jeff Donald, the organization's director.
The Florida Center for Creative Photography is based in Clearwater and has more than 4,400 members. Contact the organization at (727) 365-4784 or visit Facebook.com/FCCP.org to learn more.


After living in one Omaha home for decades, it'll have a new owner. However, it's not by choice.
Judi Lee, 75, is being forced to move out after failing to amend a loan.
Ten years ago, Lee's mother used the home for collateral on a 45,000 dollar loan through Wells Fargo.
"She was 90 and she lived two years after the loan was taken out," Lee said.
Wells Fargo stated the law prohibits discrimination for age.
When Lee's mother and uncle died, Judi couldn't make the $250 monthly payment on a fixed income. She requested a loan modification.
Obama economy worked for everybody except blacks who needed guidance but Obama was not trying to hear that and was working for one of the richest men on the planet in Warren Buffett who could have told this woman to simply continue to pay the $250 per month because that payment was not getting any lower unless the Fed Bank gave her a zero percent interest rate loan like they did when giving Wells $391 billion at zero percent when they were bankrupt and needed a hand.
This lady at zero percent would have had a payment of $125 per month, as Wells had a $1,086,111,111 payment at zero percent to the Fed instead of at 2% interest rate the payment would have been Wells $1,445,212,138. So we're talking a 359,100,026 at 2% but in short-term loans what was the margin Wells was getting in lending that zero percent monies?
Buffett charged Goldman Sachs $10% in a short-term on $5 billion with is $500 million per year in interest! Henry Ford had it right that interest is the work of the Devil! Buffett was not creating anything just adding interest on anything!


The Optimist Club of Jackson became a Charter Member of Optimist International in July 1940. The Jackson Optimist Charitable Fund, Inc. was formed January 26, 1984. In August 1985 the current owners of the Jackson Sports Arena donated the arena to the Jackson Optimist Charitable Fund, Inc. D.B.A. as the Optimist Ice Arena.
The Optimist Ice Arena is governed by a Board of Directors made up of seven members of the Optimist Club of Jackson. In July of 1996 the Board took on the task of the Twice the Ice project, more than doubling the size of the facility with the new year round ice surface and expanded Lobby and Office area.
The Jackson Optimist Ice Arena is the perfect venue for your next special event. Our event planners can assist with every detail of your wedding, graduation, company meeting or other special event. Contact us for more information. For questions on ice rental, schedules, leagues, etc. Please complete this form and we will get right back to you!


On behalf of Spragins, Barnett & Cobb, PLC posted in Business & Commercial Litigation on Wednesday, April 10, 2019.
Energy drinks have experienced tremendous growth over the years and are popular among those in Tennessee who are interested in maintaining their good health as well as giving them the energy they need to go about their day. However, energy drink companies are businesses, and as such, cannot engage in actions that unlawfully cause their competitors to suffer financial damages. When such situations arise, business and commercial litigation may ensue.
On behalf of Spragins, Barnett & Cobb, PLC posted in Business & Commercial Litigation on Thursday, March 21, 2019.
Making "moonshine" is an important part of the history and culture of many areas in the Appalachian region, including Tennessee. Distilleries in the state will want to name their products in a way that encourages people to buy the product, but some may find some roadblocks along the way.
On behalf of Spragins, Barnett & Cobb, PLC posted in Business & Commercial Litigation on Thursday, March 7, 2019.
The business world in Tennessee can be cut-throat at times, but in general businesses act with integrity. Unfortunately, there will be those who will intentionally spread false information about a business, in order to prevent a third business from engaging in business deals or other commercial practices with that business, in order to cause that business to suffer financial losses. Depending on the circumstances, such unfair business practices could be considered commercial disparagement.
What constitutes 'tortious interference' in Tennessee?
On behalf of Spragins, Barnett & Cobb, PLC posted in Business & Commercial Litigation on Thursday, January 3, 2019.
The business world can be cut-throat at times, but for the most part business people in Tennessee engage in activities that, while competitive, are still lawful. However, sometimes a person will take this competition too far, and engage in interference with business relationships and contracts. Also known as "tortious interference" this takes place when one party, with the intention of causing another party financial damage, interferes with business relationships or contracts that party has with a third party.
On behalf of Spragins, Barnett & Cobb, PLC posted in Business & Commercial Litigation on Friday, December 14, 2018.
When two businesses in Tennessee enter into a contract, they naturally expect that they will both follow through on their obligations under the contract. Unfortunately, that doesn't always happen, and contractual disputes arise. Sometimes a party fails to fulfill part or all of what they promised to per the terms of the agreement. When that happens, this is referred to as a "breach of contract," and it may form the basis of a lawsuit.
On behalf of Spragins, Barnett & Cobb, PLC posted in Business & Commercial Litigation on Thursday, December 6, 2018.
Business owners in Tennessee, whether they own and operate a fledgling small business or whether they are the head of a major corporation all have their eyes on making their businesses as profitable as possible. This involves a lot of legal transactions -- from sales and purchases, to employee contracts, to mergers and acquisitions. Any of these transactions can be very legally complex. Moreover, there are many state and federal regulations businesses must follow in Tennessee.
On behalf of Spragins, Barnett & Cobb, PLC posted in Business & Commercial Litigation on Friday, November 9, 2018.
There are many different types of disputes a business in Tennessee could have with employees or other businesses. It may seem like the only way to resolve these disputes is through litigation. However, before resorting to filing a lawsuit, businesses may want to consider some alternatives to litigation: mediation and arbitration.
On behalf of Spragins, Barnett & Cobb, PLC posted in Business & Commercial Litigation on Thursday, October 4, 2018.
Electric cars are an environmentally-friendly mode of transportation that may one day be available to the average consumer. Tennessee residents may be familiar with the company Tesla and its chief executive officer, Elon Musk. Tesla produces electric cars, but the company is not without controversy.
Can business litigation be avoided through a release agreement?
On behalf of Spragins, Barnett & Cobb, PLC posted in Business & Commercial Litigation on Thursday, September 6, 2018.
People in Tennessee who have gone indoor skydiving, taken their children to trampoline parks or who have participated in recreational sports may have signed an agreement to not hold the facility liable if they are injured on the premises. Known as a "release" or "hold harmless" agreement, these documents may contain language that the participant assumes the risk that an injury might occur. However, are such agreements enforceable should there be a contractual dispute?


I have searched on the web and here because I need at least one set of TPMS sensors for my new Vertini Magics (also prob need a second set for my winters soon too).
This means I am minded to try not to pay "Porsche tax" on both sets!
Can somebody who has actually bought and used these on a 997.2 give me a heads up on what and where to buy them.
I have looked around but either get conflicting advice from websites that say 997 fitment from 2004 to 2012 (which can't be right because DeMort says Gen 1& 2 are different) or alternatively my lack of German language skills means I can't figure out which ones to buy from tpms.de!
I need valves and sensors for one set of wheels and sensors alone for the other.
Gen 1 and gen 2 sensors .. Not the car.
It gets confuseing as gen in this case refers to the tpm sensors and Not the car .
Second generation of tpm sensors are faster but will not work with a gen 1 system .
I think but im not sure that 997 are gen 1 sensors for both 997 gen 1 cars and gen 2 cars ... i checked some numbers and it would seem so.
I would tend to phone an opc to get a quote for the sensors on your car .. they will match it via chassis number .. then just ask for the part number and search for that .
Listed here as gen 1 sensors for ALL 997 .
I ordered mine fitted to a new set of wheels from Rimstyle so I imagine they could supply. No problem setting them up.
Ordered a set 4 HUF sensors from www.alloywheelsdirect.net £288.43 last year.


Seth Feldman, news director at KHNL-News 8, said yesterday he is leaving the station June 30 to pursue new creative opportunities.
Feldman, 32, joined the NBC affiliate in March 2001. He has been known for emphasizing live broadcasts from the field during the station's newscasts and pushing for lifestyle and consumer news.
Feldman said he plans to travel and is also discussing several projects to produce television shows in Hawai'i and possibly overseas. He said he also has some ideas for a new reality show and a situation comedy.
"The time seems right to make a move," he said. "I'm 32, at the top of my game and I'm leaving KHNL on great terms. I've taken big chances before and the payoff has been huge."
Feldman said he is proud of his accomplishments at KHNL, especially growing its audience at 5 and 6 p.m. and, at various times over the past two years, increasing its share of the 10 p.m. news audience.
KHNL is The Advertiser's broadcast news partner.


Sara Woods is a transgender poet and author of two books of poetry, SARA OR THE EXISTENCE OF FIRE (Horse Less Press, 2014) and Wolf Doctors (Artifice Books, 2014). She spends her time doing visual art, graphic design and singing "Landslide" at karaoke nights across Portland, OR, where she lives. She is also the co-author, with Carrie Lorig, of the chapbooks stonepoems (Solar Luxuriance, 2014) and rootpoems (Radioactive Moat, 2013) and co-edits the print literary magazine Skydeer Helpking with Jeannette Gomes. Her poetry and collaborations are published or forthcoming in Salt Hill, Guernica, Gulf Coast, Diagram, DENVER QUARTERLY, Columbia Poetry Review and elsewhere.


The longest journey begins not with a single step, but with a turn of the ignition key.
Protected: The longest journey begins not with a single step, but with a turn of the ignition key.
Previous Article To be on a quest is nothing more or less than to become an asker of questions.
Next Article The belly rules the mind.


text:
\section*{Abstract}{\small
The dusty clumpy torus surrounds the central black hole
(BH) and the accretion disk in active galactic nuclei, and
governs the growth of super-massive BHs via gas fueling
towards the central engine. Near-infrared (NIR) monitoring
observations have revealed that the torus inner radius is
determined by the dust sublimation process. However, the
observed radii are systematically smaller than the theoretical
predictions by a factor of three.

  We take into account the anisotropic illumination by the
central accretion disk to the torus, and calculate the
innermost structure of the torus and the NIR time variablity.
We then show that the anisotropy naturally solves the
systematic descrepancy and that the viewing angle is the
primary source to produce an object-to-object scatter of
the NIR time delay. Dynamics of clumps at the innermost
region of the torus will be unveiled via future high-resolution
X-ray spectroscopy (e.g., Astro-H).
\normalsize}
\end{minipage}
\section{Introduction \label{intro}}
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are powered by gas accretion onto
supermassive black holes (BHs) at the center of each galaxy.
A variety of observations suggest that
the accretion disk and the BH are surrounded by an optically and
geometrically thick torus
 (e.g., \cite{Telesco84}, \cite{Antonucci85}).
Since the
torus potentially plays a role of a gas reservoir
for the accretion disk,
its nature,
such as the structure,
the size and the mass,
has long been investigated
(\cite{Pier92}, \cite{Pier93},\cite{Fukue93},
\cite{Granato94},
\cite{Efstathiou95}.

A large geometrical thickness of the torus
revealed by various observations
(\cite{Antonucci93},
 \cite{Pogge89},
 \cite{Wilson94}, \cite{Schmitt96})
 indicates
that numerous dusty clumps,
rather than a smooth mixture of gas and dust,
constitute the torus with a large clump-to-clump velocity
dispersion
(\cite{Krolik88}).
Temperature of clumps is less than a critical
temperature $T_{\rm sub} \sim 1500$\,K above which
dust grains
are sublimated (\cite{Barvainis87}).

Based on the energy balance of the clump closest to the BH,
Barvainis (\cite{Barvainis87}) derived the innermost radius of the torus
(dust sublimation radius, denoted as $R_{\rm sub,0}$ in this
study):
\begin{equation}
R_{\rm sub,0} = 0.13 \brfrac{L_{\rm UV}}{10^{44} \, \mathrm{erg}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}}^{0.5}
 \brfrac{T_{\rm sub}}{1500 \,\mathrm{K}}^{-2.8}
 \brfrac{a}{0.05 \,\mu \mathrm{m}}^{-0.5} {\rm pc},
 \label{eq:bar87}
\end{equation}
where $L_{\rm UV}$
and $a$ are
UV luminosity
and the size of dust grains, respectively.

\begin{figure}
\center
\includegraphics[scale=0.55,bb=59 198 771 560]{kawaguchiF1.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig1}
Left: (A) The inclination angle
at which we observe the disk in type-1 AGNs is
systematically different from (B) the angle
at which an aligned torus observes the disk \cite{Kawaguchi10}.
Right: Flux changes with the direction \cite{Kawaguchi11}.
We must be aware that the flux towards the torus (B)
is much weaker than that to the observer (A).
}
\end{figure}

Indeed, Near-infrared (NIR) emission
from type-1 AGNs lags behind optical variation by an order of
$R_{\rm sub,0} / c$
(\cite{Clavel89}, \cite{Glass92}, \cite{Glass04},
\cite{Nelson96}, \cite{Oknyanskij99},
\cite{Minezaki04}, \cite{Suganuma04}).
Moreover, the luminosity dependency of the time lag also
coincides with the theoretical prediction as $\propto L_{\rm UV}^{0.5}$
(\cite{Suganuma06}).
However, the NIR-to-optical time lag
is systematically smaller than the lag predicted from
Equation (\ref{eq:bar87}) by a factor of $\sim \! 1/3$
(\cite{Oknyanskij01}, \cite{Kishimoto07}, \cite{Nenkova08}).
To tackle with this conflict, Kawaguchi \& Mori (\cite{Kawaguchi10})
pointed out that the illumination by
an optically thick disk is inevitably anisotropic,
which is a fact missing in deriving Equation (\ref{eq:bar87}).
There is a systematic difference between (A) the inclination angle
at which we observe the disk in type-1 AGNs and (B) the angle
at which an aligned torus observes the disk (Figure~1, left).
The effects of the anisotropic
illumination
naturally resolve
the puzzle of the systematic deviation of a factor of $\sim \! 1/3$
(\cite{Kawaguchi10}).

\section{Anisotropic Emission of Accretion Disk}

Radiation flux ($F$) from
 a unit surface area of the disk toward a unit
 solid angle at the polar angle of $\theta$
 decreases with an increasing $\theta $ as follows:
\begin{equation}
F \propto \cos \theta \, (1 + 2 \cos \theta ).
 \label{eq:flux}
\end{equation}
Therefore, an accretion disk emits lesser
radiation in the direction closer to its equatorial plane
(i.e., larger $\theta $;
\cite{Laor89}, \cite{Sun89}; Figure~1, right).
(Relativistic effects, such as light bending near the BH,
unlikely alter this anisotropy drastically.)
Thus, the assumption of isotropic emission from accretion disks
(e.g., eq.\ref{eq:bar87})
obviously overestimates the radiation flux toward the
torus, and therefore overestimates the torus inner radius.

\section{Inner Structure of Dusty Torus}

\begin{figure}
\center
\includegraphics[scale=0.55,bb=66 171 745 560]{kawaguchiF2.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig2}
Inner region of the torus in the cylindrical coordinates ($r$, $z$) \cite{Kawaguchi10}.
At the left-bottom corner, let us suppose that there are
the central BH and the accretion disk.
Thick blue solid curve indicates the edge of the torus, with
the opening angle of the torus assumed to be 45\,deg.
On the right-hand side of the line, the temperatures of clumps
are below the dust sublimation temperature.
If an observer assumes that the disk illumination is isotropic,
then he/she would expect the torus inner edge at $R_{\rm sub,0}$
(thick, green dashed line).
Units of the scale (in pc and Schwarzshild radius $R_{\rm Sch}$)
are computed for a $10^{7.5} M_\odot$ BH, with
$L_{\rm bol}/L_{\rm Edd}$ of 0.1 and $L_{\rm bol}$ of $\sim 3 L_{\rm UV}$.
Different colors of clumps indicate the clump-to-clump
velocity dispersion of the order of the rotational velocity $\sim$1000\,km/s.
Temperature of clouds are less than or equal 1500\,K, corresponding to
$\sim 4$km/s.
The actual size of clumps are expected to be $\sim 10^{-3}$ of the
distance to the BH,
but drawn with much bigger sizes here for illustration purposes.
}
\end{figure}

We determine the inner edge of the torus so that
the temperature of a clump (at the irradiated surface) equals
to the sublimation temperature
at the edge.
As mentioned above, radiation flux from the accretion disk varies
with the polar angle $\theta $.
Thus, the sublimation
radius of the torus is also a function of
$\theta $, which is indicated by $R_{\rm sub}(\theta )$.
Although various grain sizes result in the sublimation
process occurring over a transition zone rather than a single
distance (\cite{Nenkova08}), we employ a sharp boundary
for simplicity.

Figure~2
shows the calculated structure
of the innermost region of the torus.
The central BH and the accretion disk on the $z=0$ plane are located at the
origin of the coordinate axes (at the left-bottom corner).
The actual size of clumps are expected to be $\sim 10^{-3}$ of the
distance to the BH
(\cite{Vollmer04}, \cite{Honig07},
see Apendix of \cite{Kawaguchi11}),
but drawn as if they are much bigger for illustration purposes in this figure.

It turns out that (i) the torus inner edge is located closer to
the central BH than suggested by previous estimations (eq. \ref{eq:bar87})
and that (ii) the structure of the edge is concave/hollow.
Moreover, (iii) $R_{\rm sub}(\theta )$ decreases down to
$0.1 \times R_{\rm sub,0}$ at $\theta =88.5$deg.
This radius coincides with the outermost radius of AGN accretion
disks, which is determined by the onset of radial
self-gravity of the disk (see \cite{Kawaguchi04}).
Our result indicates that there is no gap between the torus
and the disk.

\section{Transfer Function}

The innermost radius of the torus discussed above cannot be spatially
resolved even
in the coming decade.
Thus, observations of time variability will continue to be
powerful tools to explore the innermost structure of the torus.
In this section, we calculate the
time variation of NIR emission in response
to a $\delta$-function like variation of the
irradiation optical/UV flux [the transfer function $\Psi (t)$].

To calculate $\Psi (t)$ for the clumpy torus, we consider the following
items;
(1) the optical path,
(2) NIR emissivity of the torus inner region as a function of $\theta $
and (3) anisotropic emission of each clump.
(4)
We also include the effect of the torus
self-occultation (i.e., absorption of NIR emission from a clump
by other clumps on the line of sight).
While the torus self-occultation is
a minor effect for a typical type-1 AGN,
it plays a significant role
for
inclined viewing angles, thick tori
and misaligned tori.

Our calculation results explain the observed propoerties
of the existing data (e.g., lag-$L$ relations), and
present theoretical predictions that will be tested
observationally in the future.
Details are given in \cite{Kawaguchi11}.
Below, we show some examples of our calculation results shortly.

\subsection{Viewing angle dependency}

\begin{figure}
\center
\includegraphics[scale=0.65,bb=71 228 774 563]{kawaguchiF3.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig3}
Left: Transfer functions for various viewing angles $\theta_{\rm obs}$,
from a face-on view (purple) to intermediate type-1 cases (orange and red) \cite{Kawaguchi11}.
The time delay appears longer for more inclined angles.
Right: Our results (loci) on the time delay v.s.\ UV luminosity plane.
Observed points are taken from \cite{Suganuma06}, and
covered well by our calculational results.
}
\end{figure}

Figure~3 (left panel)
shows the transfer functions for various viewing angles
$\theta_{\rm obs}$, from an exactly pole-on geometry
($\theta_{\rm obs}=0$\,deg) to
inclined viewing angles.
With a large $\theta_{\rm obs}$
($\approx 40$--$44$deg),
the line of sight grazes the upper boundary of the torus,
which would corresponds to the situation in type-1.8/1.9 AGNs.

In order to compare our results with the observed data
more directly,
the $t_{\rm delay}$ v.s. $L_{\rm UV}$ diagram
is drawn in Figure 3 (right panel).
Our loci for various $\theta_{\rm obs}$
well cover the observed scatter.
Namely, our model expalins not only the systematic shift
(by a factor of 3) on average, but also the scatter aroud
the regression line.

\subsection{Accretion rate dependency}

\begin{figure}
\center
\includegraphics[scale=0.55,bb=80 236 760 561]{kawaguchiF4.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig4}
NIR fluence (an integration of the transfer function over time)
as a function of the disk thickness (with $\theta_{\rm max}$
being the angle at the disk surface measured from the rotational
axis towards the midplane at 90\,deg) \cite{Kawaguchi11}.
As the accretion rate $\dot{M}$ (where $\dot{m}$ represents
$\dot{M}$ in the unit of $L_{\rm Edd}/c^2$, with
$\dot{m}$ of 16 producing the Eddington luminosity $L_{\rm Edd}$),
the disk shade becomes large.
Then, the expected NIR flux for the cases with
high accretion rates (e.g.,  $\dot{m} = 1000$, shining at
$2.7 L_{\rm Edd}/c^2$, see \cite{Kawaguchi03}) reduces
down to $\sim 1/5$ of the NIR flux with sub-Eddington accretion rates.
}
\end{figure}

When the accretion rate exceeds the Eddington rate
($\approx \! 16 L_{\rm Edd}/c^2$),
an optically thick
advection-dominated accretion flow (a slim disk)
appears (\cite{Abramowicz88}).
Since super-Eddington disks are geometrically thick
(\cite{Abramowicz88}),
they cannot illuminate the directions near their
equatorial plane by the disk self-occultation (\cite{Fukue00}).
Moreover, the observed data do not support the concept of
Eddington-limited accretion (\cite{Collin04}).
Thus, a strong anisotropy of the disk emission,
such as Equation (\ref{eq:flux}) and the disk self-occultation,
is required to allow gas infall to super-Eddington
accreting sources.

As discussed in \cite{Kawaguchi10}, some AGNs
with presumably super-Eddington accretion rates
show the weak NIR emission
(Ark564, TonS180, J0005 and J0303;
\cite{Rodriguez06},
\cite{Kawaguchi04},
\cite{Jiang10}; see, however, \cite{Hao10}).
Observationally, it is controversial whether high Eddington ratios
are related to the weak NIR emission or not.
Therefore, we here briefly summarize what are the expected
behaviours from the theoretical sides (\cite{Kawaguchi11}).

We deduce the disk thickness at the Far-UV emitting region,
based on the work
by \cite{Kawaguchi03}.
Although more detailed calculations of the accretion disk
are possible (e.g., magneto-hydrodynamical simulations rather
than the $\alpha$-description for the viscosity as used in
\cite{Kawaguchi03}),
it is a natural consequence that the disk puffs up as the
accretion rate increases irrespective of calculational methods.
We do not think that such time consuming calculations
of the disk have scientific gains here.

Larger accretion rates make the disk thicker and the
shade of the disk itself larger.
Thus, the NIR fluence becomes small as the accretion rate increases.
This is consistent with the weakness of the
X-ray emission line from neutral iron, which likely originates
in the illuminated torus,
of objects with high Eddington ratios (\cite{Bianchi07}).

Super-Eddington accretion rates cause another influence upon
the NIR flux.
When the accretion rate becomes super-Eddington,
the disk self-gravity starts to govern the disk and
truncate the outer part of the disk.
Due to the truncation,
super-Eddington disks
do not radiate at NIR (\cite{Kawaguchi04}).

In contrast to the result for a thin disk with a sub-Eddington
accretion rate,
a super-Eddington accretion rate leads to a much weaker
NIR emission because of the two effects above.
In other words, object selections with rest-NIR emission tend
to miss super-Eddington accretors.

\subsection{Summary and prospects}

We have investigated the consequences of the anisotropic nature
of the disk emission (\cite{Kawaguchi10}, \cite{Kawaguchi11}).
We found that the
torus inner region is much close to the disk and concave.
Also, the anisotropy natually resolves the conflict in the
NIR time delay -- luminosity relation between theory and observations.
Larger inclination angles (corresponding to intermediate type-1
AGNs, such as type 1.9) lead to longer time delays.
Large accretion rates result in the weak NIR emission, due to
the large disk shade and the disk truncation.
Therefore, we tend to miss super-Eddington accretors
when we include the NIR flux to select objects from survey data.
More predictions for other quantities (such as variability amplitudes)
and for other dependencies (torus thickness and torus-disk misalignment)
are presented in \cite{Kawaguchi11}.

Now, we mention the prospects for future X-ray mission Astro-H,
which will have a high spectral resolution of the order of $100$km/s.
Figure~2 shows the expected velocity of clumps in the
torus by various colors.
At the inner edge of the torus, clumps will have velocity
dispersion of $\sim 1500-3000$km/s.
Thus, such clump kinematics will be unveiled by Astro-H.

\small

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Peter D. Kramer
Writer, Author
Who is Peter D. Kramer?
Peter D. Kramer, is an American psychiatrist, former Marshall Scholar and faculty member of Brown Medical School specializing in the area of depression. He considers depression to be a serious illness with tangible physiological effects such as disorganizing the brain and disrupting the functioning of the cardiovascular system. He criticizes society for romanticizing depression in the same way that tuberculosis was once romanticized; these romantic notions involve claims of artistic sensitivity or of genius arising from depression. In his 2005 book Against Depression, he argues that the socio-economic costs of depression are so large and the effects so pervasive that modern societies should aim to eradicate the disease in the same fashion as it did with smallpox.
Kramer's most notable book is Listening to Prozac. This work was grounded in the observation that, treated with antidepressants, some patients reported feeling "better than well." This result led Kramer to consider the feasibility of "cosmetic psychopharmacology," the use of medication in healthy people to induce personality traits that are desired or socially rewarded.
Peter Kramer
"Peter D. Kramer." Biographies.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. Web. 1 Feb. 2023. <https://www.biographies.net/people/en/peter_d_kramer>.
Discuss this Peter D. Kramer biography with the community:


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fsharp.org

github page

Photones

Functional Game Programming in F#

This is an endeavour in writing an interesting and well performing game in a functional way.
Functional Programming
is a programming paradigm that is not frequently used to create games.
Nonetheless it is an interesting paradigm, and as such worth exploring in this setting.

F# seems to be a logical choice here. It allows for imperative programming and mutation when the need
arises, but still very much encourages a functional style.
The libraries awgraphics
and beardgame utilities provide lean .NET wrappers around
OpenGL/OpenTK for game programming in .NET.

Photones

Home page

Performance of TileMap

Performance of takeAtMost


• Exploiting government-industry fora to proactively level the competitive landscape by providing procurement planning information as soon as possible.
• Using different contract types to best effect consistent with evolving DoD procurement directives, fashions or emphases.
• Understanding how to effectively use "performance-based" and fixed price contracts for services.
• Minimizing negative effects of Terms and Conditions and other "boiler plate" contract provisions (e.g. OCI provisions) on industry partners' ability to deliver the best product.
• Identifying and applying the procurement performance and operational benchmarks that procurement leaders can use to measure procurement efficiency.
• Promoting ethical behavior by industry and government procurement personnel.


Otto Siefken was a 20-year-old butcher from Maylands, Perth, who enlisted in the AIF at Blackboy Hill Camp, Western Australia on 9 September 1914. Although of German descent, Siefken was able to join the AIF; however, his father, Carl, was declared an 'enemy alien' and required to report weekly to the Maylands Police Station.
A pre-war photograph of the Siefken family of Maylands, Western Australia. Otto stands second from the left in the back row.
Siefken (third from left) in training at Blackboy Hill Camp, 1914.
Men of the 11th Battalion in training at Blackboy Hill Camp, 9 October, 1914. Siefken sits second from the right.
Tent lines at Blackboy Hill Camp.
11th Battalion recruits peeling potatoes at Blackboy Hill Camp, Greenmount, Western Australia, 1914.
11th Battalion troops march out of Blackboy Hill Camp on their way to the port of Fremantle in preparation for their embarkation, 31 October 1914.
On 31 October 1914, the 11th Battalion departed from Fremantle on board HMAT Ascanius and HMAT Medic. Siefken was on board Ascanius alongside men of the 10th Battalion, who had boarded the ship in Adelaide. The ships joined the rest of the First Convoy at sea two days after it had left Albany.
On 20 November, Ascanius and Afric were ordered to swap places in the convoy. The change was made in the dark, and as Ascanius moved into its new position it rammed the stern of Shropshire. Owing to the violence and noise of the collision, many of the men thought that they had hit a mine or had been torpedoed.
The two ships were stuck together for some time. Once they had been separated, Ascanius went ahead at full speed and rammed Shropshire again. Ascanius was left with a large hole in its bow and two lifeboats destroyed; Shropshire sustained no significant damage.
After being repaired while in the Suez Canal, Ascanius disembarked troops at Alexandria on 6 and 7 December 1914.
The 11th proceeded to Mena Camp, near Cairo, on 7 December. Siefken took a day of leave in Cairo on Christmas Day, where he enjoyed dining at the 'best cafes in town'.
Troops aboard Ascanius in Adelaide, prior to reaching Fremantle.
The Ascanius at Fremantle in November 1914, on its way to join the First Convoy at sea.
The 11th Battalion on the steps of the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, 10 January 1915. Within eight months of the landing, only 69 of these men would still be fighting, the rest having been killed, wounded or evacuated for illness.
11th Battalion troops and 1st Field Company, Australian Engineers, assembled on HMS London, steaming with other Royal Navy ships carrying troops from Lemnos to Gallipoli for the landing. HMS Bacchante is visible ahead, 24 April 1915.
After landing, the 11th Battalion and other units captured Plugge's Plateau and pushed on to capture the heights of the second ridge to the left, towards Battleship Hill. In the general confusion, the 11th Battalion men often became separated and fought localised battles in the labyrinth of gullies and on the ridges. Many eventually found themselves under heavy shellfire from strong Turkish counter-attacks. Siefken described his section as constituting 'a little fortress right on top of a big ridge'. These attacks persisted for four days before the cold and utterly exhausted men of the 11th were eventually relieved.
a terrific row but we were having good sport knocking them … It was like a play watching them come up and get in our barb wire and all singing out 'Allah' 'Allah' 'Mohamed' and dropping like sheep. They had over 3 thousand … dead in front of our trenches. The stink was awful in a few days and millions of flies came round.
A truce on 24 May allowed both sides to bury their dead, after which they settled into trench warfare.
On 28 June the 11th Battalion took part in a simulated attack from Anzac's southern flank to cover a British attack at Helles. Lying in the open under intense fire, they provided covering fire from Silt Spur and Turkey Knoll for a 9th Battalion attack across the Valley of Despair and Cooee Gully. This cost the 11th Battalion 63 casualties: 21 killed and 42 wounded, for little obvious gain. Fortunately for Siefken, as part of B Company he was held in reserve.
The men of the 11th were finally relieved on 13 July, having spent almost 11 weeks in the front line. Two weeks later, the battalion reoccupied front-line positions at Tasmania Post, but by now the men were in poor shape: many were ill, malnourished and war-weary. Dysentery was a particular problem.
It is likely that on 31 July Siefken was involved in the bloody but successful capture of what became known as Leane's Trench, to the south of Lone Pine. This was a necessary preparatory attack for the Australian assault on that position during the August offensive, but it cost the battalion 36 killed and 73 wounded.
It is also likely that Siefken was involved in a desperate bomb and bayonet fight defending this position when the Turks counter-attacked on 5–6 August. Siefken's commanding officer, Second Lieutenant Ernest W. Morris, stated: 'Our men are beyond praise–they are all heroes'. However, the losses had been severe, with 55 killed and 100 wounded. The battalion was spent.
A lifeboat carrying Australian troops being towed towards Anzac Cove at 6 am on the morning of the landing, 25 April 1915.
Troops from both sides bury their dead in front of the 11th Battalion lines at Gallipoli during the armistice, 24 May 1915.
Ottoman troops killed in the 19 May Ottoman offensive litter no man's land at the Chessboard.
A soldier prepares for burial some of the 55 bodies of 11th Battalion soldiers who died on 5–6 August defending Leane's Trench against heavy Ottoman counter-attacks.
Siefken enjoying a snow ball fight, probably while recuperating in England, February 1916.
German notification of Otto Siefken's Prisoner of War status.
After almost a year recuperating, Siefken re-joined the battalion in France on 11 August 1916, missing a lethal German raid on the battalion in the front line near Fleurbaix in May that inflicted 118 casualties. Similarly, he was fortunate to miss the severe fighting at Pozières in July where more than half the battalion became casualties. This was the heaviest loss of any battalion in the division in this engagement. He survived the battalion's fighting on 19–20 August in the battle of Mouquet Farm, described in the battalion history as 'one of the most unsatisfactory engagements that the 11th Battalion took part in'. They lost a further 79 men. In total, the battalion had lost nearly 800 men in three months of fighting in France.
On 26 August they were transferred to the Ypres salient, Belgium and on 10 September went into the front line at Hill 60 in a support capacity. By 30 October, the Battalion were back on the Somme at Flers. Here they endured rain and cold, living in the sea of mud that was the battlefield. Between 7 and 12 November, they endured extreme misery and hardship in the front line: 191 men were evacuated over three days, suffering from exposure and sickness, particularly influenza and rheumatism. In total, over 450 men were evacuated over the time in the lines at Flers, mostly owing to exposure, exhaustion and illness. Remarkably, given Siefken's long earlier hospitalisation with these complaints, he appears to have escaped illness. The battalion was again in the front line at Flers between 21 December 1916 and 8 January 1917. When not in the line, the men were engaged in continuous work fatigues that weakened them and lowered morale.
On 11 February 1917, Siefken was transferred to the 3rd Machine Gun Company. He fought in a spoiling attack at the battle of Lagnicourt alongside the 11th Battalion and on 15 April was posted as 'missing in action'; he was among 330 Australians captured by the Germans at Lagnicourt.
Around 4,000 Australians were taken prisoner by the Turks and the Germans during the First World War. Most of these were captured by the Germans on the Western Front between 1916 and 1918.
Siefken endured 13 months as a prisoner of war at camps first in France and then at Heilsburg, East Prussia. Corporal Leo Colreavy of 12th Battalion, who was captured with Siefken, stated after the war that Siefken was initially put to work in a 'reprisal' camp. These were harsh labour camps located near the front line. They were designed as a reprisal for what the Germans saw as the poor treatment of German prisoners of war by the allies. Colreavy stated that Siefken soon fell ill, but remained on light duties until late 1917.
He was then interned in Heilsburg prisoner-of-war camp in East Prussia. Prisoners here were treated harshly, forced to toil in the fields and help rebuild the district's devastated towns. He was put to work in the surrounding area. There is a suggestion in one letter that he may have had a Russian girlfriend during this time. Siefken tried to keep up his spirits at Heilsburg. In a letter dated 19 December 1917, he wrote, '[a]ll the lads here are in good health and spirits and feeling fit and well'. Three months later he reported, 'I am well. Am expecting my parcels any time now'.
Censored letter, dated 4 November 1917, Siefken sent home from a German prisoner-of-war camp.
Otto Siefken (seated front right) with fellow prisoners of war at Heilsburg prisoner-of-war camp in East Prussia, 1918.
The final resting place of Private Otto Siefken in the Berlin South-West Cemetery near Stahnsdorf, Germany.
In all, 397 Australian soldiers died in captivity. Otto Siefken was one of these men. Still sick, Siefken was sent on a farm work 'commando' to Gerdauen in Prussia. He died from pneumonia and influenza at Johanniter Hospital on 21 October 1918, three weeks before the Armistice. He was 23 years old. Private Robert Hurst, a fellow Western Australian also interned at Heilsburg, saw Siefken before he was taken to hospital at Gerdauen, a week before he died. Hurst was present when the other British prisoners buried Siefken at the Protestant Cemetery in Gerdauen. Everything, which included 'hearse, coffin and a padre', was paid for by fellow prisoners of war. They also subscribed to have a cross made to mark his grave. Hurst undertook to take Siefken's papers 'home to his people'.
A photograph of this grave was sent to his parents by the AIF in 1923. In 1925, he was reinterred in the Berlin South-Western Cemetery, Stahnsdorf, Germany, by the then Imperial War Graves Commission.
A photograph of Siefken's grave in the Protestant Cemetery, Gerdauen, sent to his parents in 1923 after the war by AIF London Headquarters. The cost of the cross, flowers, grave and probably this photograph were met by Siefken's fellow prisoners of war.
Good bloke. Would have got him a beer. Thanks.
ALL YOU BOYS DID OUR COUNTRY PROUD.
Thank you for giving your life and giving us a free country.
THANK YOU, FOR ALL YOUR EFFORTS OF THE ANZACS. RIP.
I am astonished with your bravery during the war. You deserve to live forever.
I hope you had a good life. LEST WE FORGET.
SO YOUNG ~ SO FUTILE ~ SUCH A TERRIBLE WASTE OF YOUNG LIVES! FOREVER IN OUR THOUGHTS FOR YOUR BRAVE EFFORTS.
Thank you for your sacrifice for our future freedom. It is appreciated by all of us .
Bless you and your family, and to all their descendants.
What you did during your time at war was incredible and you served your country with pride.
Thank you for your ultimate sacrifice.
Thank you Otto. You will be remembered always.
Thanks so much for fighting. Lest we forget.
Thank you for fighting. Lest we forget.
You were a brave young man. Thank you for your bravery and courage so we can live free today.
Bugler Otto Siefken,thank you for your brave contributions toward giving Australia the freedoms we enjoy today.
You gave us our freedom.
You gave your all for our freedom.
I am proud of you, great uncle Otto.
Hi. I just wondered did you have an awesome life but are you OK? I ask because I like you.
Thank you for your bravery Lest we forget.
Thanks for fighting for Australia. I think you are VERY brave.
Your family would be proud of you fighting in World War I.
Thanks for fighting in the war, good job. RIP. Rest in peace.
Your life seemed awful at war and I wish that it never would have happened. I also would love to know if I was related to you?
Thank you for your service in the war.
Honour and integrity will always follow your name. I praise your devotion to your country and courage to take up arms. We will always remember you. Rest in peace.
Thank you for everything, you are a hero.
A job well done mate. RIP LEST WE FORGET.
I am fascinated the journey you have been on in the 1 World War.
Thank you for the bravery and courage you demonstrated during your service at war. I shall always remember what you did for our country.
Thanks for your sacrifice, you have become part of this nation's heritage.
You were one of the bravest soldiers out there. RIP MATE YOU ALMOST SURVIVED THE WAR.
You were very brave and it was sad that you died so young.
It was very sad that you died. You were very young.
I wish you were alive.
THANK YOU FOR HELPING AUSTRALIA IN THE WAR EVEN THOUGH YOU WERE PART GERMAN.
THANK YOU FOR SAVING AUSTRALIA, WE WILL NOT FORGET.


text:
Quiz: Fact or Fiction: The Great Depression
Fact or Fiction: The Great Depression
By: Staff
Image: refer to hsw
Are today's economic woes going to spiral us into another one? We wouldn't touch that issue with a 10-foot pole, frankly -- so we're just going to stick with history for this quiz. Can you separate Great Depression fact from fiction?
Contrary to popular belief, the Great Depression didn't originate in the United States. It started with the economic collapse of Great Britain, which then caused the American stock market to crash.
almost fact: The British collapse was actually caused by the economic instability of Western Europe, so technically it started there.
Nope. It was obviously a very complex situation, and the United States certainly wasn't the only country having economic trouble, but the Depression did originate in the States.
The stock market crash on Oct. 29, 1929 -- "Black Tuesday" -- wasn't really a sudden, one-day event.
almost fact: "Black Monday" is actually the infamous day in question.
True. After a peak in September, the market had been heading downhill for weeks and finally crashed on \"Black Thursday,\" October 24. The collapse continued, and the next Tuesday was when people really started to panic and get out of the market.
A group of powerful Wall Street bankers tried to halt the collapse by buying huge blocks of blue-chip stocks at high prices.
almost fact: It was actually the government that did this, not the bankers.
Yes, the president of the Stock Exchange used the banks' money to buy up the stocks at inflated prices. It didn't work.
Because of the Soviet Union's isolationist policies, it wasn't really affected by the Great Depression.
almost fact: It was Hitler's Germany that was largely unaffected by the Depression.
The Soviets had plenty of problems during this period, but because the country was basically cut off from the rest of the world, its issues weren't really related to the Great Depression.
At the height of the Great Depression in 1935, the unemployment rate in the United States was almost 50 percent.
almost fact: The rate is correct, but it was in 1933. Things were better by 1935.
The unemployment rate hit its peak in 1933 -- but it was \"only\" 25 percent.
The biggest "Hoboville" in the United States was a massive encampment on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
almost fact: They weren't called "Hobovilles" -- they were "Hooverille," after President Hoover.
That's right about the \"Hooverville\" thing. But St. Louis actually had the biggest one, with about 1,000 residents.
"The Grapes of Wrath," perhaps the defining novel of the Great Depression, follows the Clampett family on their journey from Oklahoma to California.
almost fact: It was the Joads, not the Clampetts.
D'oh. It was the Joads, not the Clampetts from \"Beverly Hillbillies.\"
The first part of FDR's New Deal was a restructuring of the economy.
almost fact: The first part of the New Deal was a massive employment program.
Yes, FDR started off in 1933 by reworking the economy, and then in 1935 the \"Second New Deal\" focused on job creation.
When World War II ended, so did the Great Depression in the United States.
almost fact: The Great Depression actually ended in the United States when the country entered the war.
The upswing in manufacturing that came with the United States' entry into WWII is what finally brought the country out of the Depression.
It wasn't until 1971 that the Dow Jones returned to its pre-crash levels.
almost fact: It was 1954.
It was 25 years before the Dow got back up to 1929 numbers -- so that was in 1954.
Can You Crush This General Knowledge Quiz?
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