1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
2. Institution of microsurgery for limbs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
3. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
Myokines are cytokines that are secreted by muscle cells during exercises, muscle development and pathology. Studies have shown that expression of some individual myokines was altered in tumors. However, comprehensive analyses of myokines' expression in osteosarcoma (OS), the most common malignant tumor in musculoskeletal system, have not been performed. In this study, we analyzed the expression of 35 myokines in osteosarcoma, peritumoral skeletal muscle, and cancellous bone by qRT-PCR. Heatmap analysis based on the expression pattern of these myokines revealed that OS is more likely derived from cancellous bone than peritumoral skeletal muscle. Thus, we compared the expression of myokines between OS and cancellous bone to reveal a potential role of myokines in OS development. Our results showed that expression of 19 myokines in OS was significantly lower than that in cancellous bone. KEGG signaling pathway analysis showed that these 19 myokines are involved in several important signaling pathways, one of which was associated with leukocyte recruitment in TNF-α signaling. We verified that expression of these leukocyte recruitment-related myokines were down-regulated in OS cell line MNNG compared to those in human BMSC. Downregulation of the myokines related to leukocyte recruitment suggests that escaping from host immune system may help the occurrence of osteosarcoma.
Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common and frequent primary malignant solid neoplasm in musculoskeletal system, is believed to develop from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origins which are differentiated into osteoblastic lineages and produces malignant osteoid tissues. Although the estimated incidence rate is only 5/1,000,000, osteosarcoma (OS) has a peak incidence in teenagers and young adults [1, 2], which affects patients' life quality in their remaining years and places heavier burden on society. The major treatments of OS include tumor excision surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past decades, the 5-year survival rates for patients with localized OS remain approximately 60-70% . Furthermore, the 5-year survival rates for patients who have remote metastatic niches is only around 20% [4, 5]. The main reasons hindering the progress of osteosarcoma treatment is the lack of knowledge of tumorigenesis and biomarkers for early diagnosis .
Although numerous studies have been performed to discover the biomarkers for osteosarcoma in its early stage, little successes have been achieved [7-9]. Up to now, the main diagnosis methods for osteosarcoma remain medical imaging and biopsy . To our knowledge, none of the biomarkers under studies has been well accepted in clinic worldwide. It is well known tumor biomarkers are molecules that are secreted by tumors or specific responses of the body to the presence of tumors. Therefore, understanding the responses of osteosarcoma peripheral tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle and cancellous bone) or their cross-talk may help the discovery of novel early diagnosis biomarkers of osteosarcoma.
About 20 years ago, skeletal muscle has been identified as an endocrine and paracrine organ, which has the ability to produce a variety of humoral cytokines and growth factors termed as "myokine"[11, 12]. Skeletal muscle can communicate with other organs including bone, adipose tissue, brain, liver and pancreas by secreting myokines. These muscle-derived peptides have been proposed to be involved in anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects, as well as mediating the preventive effects of exercise against chronic diseases [14, 15]. A few studies have focused on the functions and expression changes of myokines during exercises . For example, during exercise, IL6 is the first detectable myokine which have an antiinflammatory effect. Recent studies showed that a few individual myokine could mediate metabolic changes, regulate tumorigenesis and tumor invasion to other remote organs such as liver and breast [18, 19]. However, comprehensive analysis of expression for all known myokines under pathological condition, particularly in motor system diseases, is very limited . Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the expression of all known myokines (n=35) in osteosarcoma tissue, cancellous bone and peritumoral skeletal muscles. Our results showed that expression of 19 myokines in OS was significantly lower than that in cancellous bone. KEGG signaling pathway analysis further showed that these 19 myokines are involved in several important signaling pathways, one of which was associated with leukocyte recruitment in TNF-α signaling. These results indicated that these differentially myokines could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Downregulation of the myokines related to leukocyte recruitment in TNF-α signaling also suggests that osteosarcoma may occur by escaping from host innate immune system.
Approximately, 100 mg tissues were put in a grind tube with steel balls and 1 ml Trizol reagent, and homogenized by a tissue grinder (Scientz-48, Ningbo, China). About 1 x 107 cells were mixed with 1 ml Trizol reagent. Total RNA from cells, osteosarcoma tissues, peritumoral muscle tissues, and cancellous bone tissues was extracted and purified using The E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit IR6834-01 (OMEGA Bio-tek, Norcross, GA, U.S.A) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The concentration and quality of RNA were determined by a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
About 1 μg of total RNA was reverse transcribed using the C1000™ Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instruction. Thermal profile consisted of 10 minutes at 25 °C followed by 60 minutes at 55 °C and 5 minutes at 85 °C. All qPCR reactions were performed in a total volume of 10 μl mixture, including forward and reverse primers, cDNA and 1x SYBR® Green PCR Master Mix (Thermo scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Cycling conditions were as follows: 95 °C for 10 min, followed by 40 cycles of 15 s at 95 °C and 60 s at 72 °C using a ABI 7900HT machine with software SDS version 2.3 (Thermo scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Primers used in this study are listed in Table S1, including Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 2 (eEF2) and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as endogenous invariant controls for data normalization.
All lysates were obtained by using RIPA Lysis Buffer (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA). 30μg proteins were applied to SDS-PAGE (10% gel) and transferred to PVDF membranes (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA), probed with primary antibodies anti-FNDC-5 (1:4000, Abcam), anti-ANGPTL-4 (1:1000, Abcam), anti-IL-15(1:1000, Abcam), anti-MCP-1 (1:1000, Abcam) over night at 4℃. After washing, they were incubated with HRP-labelled anti-mouse (1:3000, CST) and anti-rabbit (1:3000, CST) secondary antibodies for 1h at room temperature. Anti-actin Ab was used as control of protein loading.
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were obtained from the website: http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html to determine the differentially expressed genes. Processes and pathways that showed high enrichment of upregulated levels of myokines and certain pathway cascades were displayed.
GraphPad Prism v.6.0 (GraphPad software, CA, USA) and SPSS versions 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) were used for statistical analysis. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Myokine gene expression data were analyzed using a 2-△△CT method and eEF2 was used as an internal control for each technical replicate and averaged for each biological replicate. Gene expression of normal cancellous bone was regarded as the baseline for the comparison. △CT values from each group were compared by the non-parametric test to determine statistically significant differences between osteosarcoma and cancellation bone. P values of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
In order to analyze whether myokines are universally expressed in musculoskeletal system in OS patients, we analyzed the expression levels of all 35 myokines in OS tissue, peritumoral muscles and cancellous bones using qRT-PCR. The results showed that all 35 myokines were universally expressed in these three tissues (Table S1). Moreover, the myokine expression patterns in these three tissues can be clearly clustered into two parts in heat map pattern (Fig. 1). The left part consists of all 8 peritumoral muscle tissues and 2 OS tissues; and the right part is formed from other 6 OS tissues and all 8 cancellous bone tissues. In the right part, bone tissues B4-8 were clustered, while OS tissues OS1-5 were also clustered. These data indicated that the myokine expression is universal in musculoskeletal tissues, and myokine expression pattern of OS to cancellous bone is more similar than that to peritumoral tissues.
As myokine expression pattern in cancellous bone and osteosarcoma are close and osteosarcoma is believed to be derived from transformed bone marrow mesenchymal cells, we compared the expression levels of all 35 myokines in these two tissues in order to identify myokines that are differentially expressed between osteosarcoma and cancellous bone tissues. qPCR results showed that 19 genes were significantly down-regulated in osteosarcoma compared with those in cancellous bone tissues (Fig. 2). These down-regulated genes could be divided into 5 groups according to their biological functions (Fig. 2). We also found that 3 myokines (FNDC5, IL-7 and PAI-1) were upregulated in the osteosarcoma compared to those in cancellous bone (Fold changes > 2.0). Although none of them showed significant difference between these two tissues, the expression level of myokine FNDC5 was over 20 folds higher than that in cancellous bone tissues (Fig. 2D).
The relationships of osteosarcoma, cancellous bone and peritumoral skeletal muscle in myokine expression angle. The myokine expression levels of cancellous bone, peritumoral muscle and osteosarcoma tissues were clearly clustered into two parts. Myokine expression between peritumoral muscle tissues and cancellous bone tissues differed obviously, whereas the myokine expression in osteosarcoma tissues were remained between them.
The myokine expression levels in osteosarcoma tissues compared with cancellous bone tissues. (A) Expression levels of myokine related with immunological regulation and inflammatory, CCL7, CHI3L1, CX3CL1, DDP4, IL1b, IL4, IL8, IL15, LIF and MCP1 showed significant differences. (B) Expression levels of myokines related with cell survival and differentiation, DCD, FGF2 and OSM showed significant differences. (C) Expression levels of myokines related with neural growth, BDNF showed significant differences. (D) Expression levels of myokines related with metabolism, ANGPTL4, Fam132b and FGF21 showed significant differences. (E) Myokines with other functions, TNF-α showed significant differences. (n = 8, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05) (F) The protein level of ANGPTL4, IL15 and MCP1 in three randomly chosen OS tissues and cancellous bone tissues.
In order to verify the expressions of these myokines in their protein levels, representative OS and cancellous bone tissue lysis were analyzed by antibodies against selected myokines. The results showed that ANGPTL4, IL15 and MCP1 proteins were indeed down-regulated in OS tissues, whereas FNDC5 was up-regulated (Fig. 2F).
In order to identify the molecular mechanism underlying the changes in myokine expression between OS tissue and normal cancellous bone, we performed a KEGG pathway analyses on 19 genes whose expression significantly differed in these two tissues. The top 10 signaling pathway are displayed in Fig. 3a. and the top 3 are 'Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction'(ko04060), 'IL-17 signaling pathway' (ko04657) and 'TNF signaling pathway' (ko04668). Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction has a very broad definition, IL-17 signaling is mainly reported in the immune system and TNF signaling is associated with leukocyte recruitment and Inflammatory.
We are most interested in TNF signaling pathway as it may suggest potential inhibition of immune system in osteosarcoma tissues. To verify the TNF signaling pathway, we further determined the expression of genes that are associated with inflammatory (IL1b, IL6, IL15, LIF), leukocyte recruitment (MCP1, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL10, CX3CX1) and the receptor of TNF-α (TNFR1) in osteosarcoma cell line MNNG using qPCR. Human BMSC cells, which is from normal cancellous bone, are used as a normal control. Not surprisingly, the result showed that majority of these genes (with three exceptions: CX3CL1, CXCL10 and LIF) were significantly down-regulated in MNNG cell compared to that in human BMSC cells (Fig. 4A). Taken together, these results verified that TNF signaling pathway is down-regulated in OS. Down-regulation of myokines related to leukocytes recruitment in TNF signaling may protect OS from being attacked by leukocytes (Fig. 4B).
In the last decades, myokines are identified as cytokines and growth factors that exert their functions through endocrine or paracrine pattern [11, 21]. The function of myokines has been widely studied in physiological processes, such as exercise , fasting and temperature keeping , pathological processes, such as diabetes [23, 24], and obesity . More importantly, many studies have revealed the role of some individual myokines in various type of cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer and so on [26-28]. However, comprehensive analysis of all known myokines has not been performed under pathological condition, particularly in OS. To our knowledge, this is the first study that identified all known myokines that are differentially expressed in osteosarcoma, peritumoral skeletal muscle and cancellous bone, and explored the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these differences in osteosarcoma, and cancellous bone, which may become potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteosarcoma.
TNF-α signaling pathway was found to be inhibited in osteosarcoma. (A) Top 10 signaling pathways discovered by KEGG were displayed basing on the significantly differentially expressed myokines. (B) Significant changes in myokine expression levels were observed in osteosarcoma compared to cancellous bone in the downstream of TNF signaling pathway(ko04668). Hit myokines are labeled with grey boxes.
Verification of the down-regulation of TNF-α pathway. (A) Cytokines involved in inflammatory and leukocyte recruitment in the TNF signaling pathway map (ko04668) were detected by qPCR in osteosarcoma cell line MNNG and human BMSC cell. CCL20, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, IL15, IL1b, IL6, MCP1 and TNFRSF1 were significantly decreased (**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05). (B) The diagram of how the inhibition of TNF protects osteosarcoma cells from host immune system.
In this study, the expression of 35 myokines (to the best of our knowledge, these are almost all the myokine genes) were analyzed in the osteosarcoma tissues, normal cancellous bone tissues and peritumoral muscle tissues. It is well known that bone and skeletal muscle are both derived from somatic mesoderm during embryonic development. Muscle pouch has also been fully used in ectopic bone formation induced by BMPs ; hence, we thought that there might be some similarity of myokine expression between these three tissues [30, 31]. As expected, the results from qPCR screening showed a universal expression of myokines in OS, peritumoral muscle and cancellous bones. Besides, the clustered heat map (Fig. 1) showed that the expression of myokines in osteosarcoma is more similar to that in the cancellous bone compared with that in peritumoral muscle tissues. This indicates that myokines can be used as a parameter to tell the relations between musculoskeletal tissues. Based on the different expression profile between cancellous bone and osteosarcoma, the result suggests that the inhibition of the TNF-α signaling pathway probably protects osteosarcoma cells from the attacking of leukocytes according to the KEGG signaling pathway analysis.
As known to all, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which is mainly secreted by activated macrophages and activated T lymphocytes, has been demonstrated to play an important role in inflammatory, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation via the regulation of various signaling pathways, such as MAPK signaling pathway [32, 33]. On the other hand, it has the ability to cause apoptosis of tumor-associated endothelial cells by clustering death domain-containing proteins, leading to caspase activation , ultimately leading to the complete destruction of the tumor vasculature . With regard to the functions of TNF-α in osteosarcoma, some studies showed that TNF-α and inflammatory cytokines are required for the tumorigenesis and inducing the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma [36-38], whereas some diverse conclusions were observed in other studies. A recent study reported that TNF-α were upregulated when the tumorigenesis gene HOTAIR was knocked down in osteosarcoma to inhibit the proliferation and differentiation . Moreover, Pahl et. al. also showed that human macrophages which take a major responsibility for TNF-α secretion can be induced to exert direct anti-tumor activity against osteosarcoma cells . Consistent with this result, our study also indicates that TNF signaling is probably attenuated to reduce the expressions of leukocyte-related cytokines in osteosarcoma cells, which protects osteosarcoma cells from the attack of leukocytes from host. This finding enriches our knowledge of how osteosarcoma protect themselves from host immune system, which could offer a novel approach to develop osteosarcoma therapies in the future.
In conclusion, we demonstrated that the expression of myokines is universal in OS, peritumoral muscle and cancellous bone and the relation between cancellous bone and OS is closer than that between peritumoral muscle and OS in terms of myokines' expression pattern. Moreover, we also indicate that the TNF-α signaling pathway is inhibited in OS tissue and cell, resulting in suppression of downstream cytokines related to inflammation and leukocyte recruitment in OS. Our results also suggest that myokines that are associated with TNF signaling pathway could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of OS.
This work was supported by the Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical and Industry cross fund (YG2017MS21) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81501939).
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and performed according to the Principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.


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Предмо́стная слобо́дка () — поселение в районе Киева, существовавшее на левом берегу Днепра (напротив Лавры) с конца XVIII века.

Заселялась преимущественно работниками, приписанными к заводу «Арсенал». В 1853 году был построен Николаевский цепной мост через Днепр, местность получила своё название от расположения «перед мостом». Среди киевлян бытовало и другое название местности — «Венеция», что связано с большим количеством тихих заливов здесь. Отсюда также и название острова и Венецианской протоки между ним и островом Долобецким (один из островов киевского Гидропарка).

В начале XX века здесь была построена Церковь Иоанна Рыльского.

Весной 1943 года слободка была уничтожена немецкими оккупантами.

В 1960-е годы на её месте разбит Гидропарк, через который проходит Святошинско-Броварская линия  метрополитена и Броварской проспект. В 1991 году установлен Памятный знак погибшему посёлку Предмостная Слободка.

Станция метро — «Гидропарк».

Изображения

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The Brown Palace Hotel has valet parking as you arrive at the entrance of the hotel. Valet parking is available at a discount rate of $14 with validation during lunch (before 5PM) and complimentary during dinner.
Off site catering is available from the Ship Tavern or the Brown Palace Hotel catering menus.
Welcome to the Ship Tavern at The Brown Palace Hotel & Spa, located on 17th Street in beautiful downtown Denver! We are pleased to offer a varied menu sure to accommodate all appetites! Chef Kasper & his team source our signature Prime Rib & Colorado Trout, as well as most of our products locally! We offer noteworthy vegetarian items such as our delicious Eggplant Caprese Sandwich & our Bucatini pasta. We also have a youth menu for the small tummy's!
The Ship's cocktail menu offers hand-crafted beverages, a large selection of beers, including tap and a pleasing spirit list! The Palace Arms' wine list is also available!
We are happy to offer online reservations for lunch. We do not accept online reservations for dinner. In order to accommodate parties of 8+ guests, please contact us directly.
The Ship's Tavern has gone way downhill. We've been going here for 20+ years and yesterday it wasn't even busy. The French onion soup was cold. The potato chips were stale. No one waited on us for 42 mins. Then we ordered our food and it took 1 hr for it to come. It was Easter but we arrived at 1:30pm and the entire Ship's Tavern was only 50% filled until we left at 3:55pm, yes, 3:55pm.
Love this spot! Great vibe, in the beautiful Brown Palace, and delicious food. Lobster salad and reuben are the strongest, burgers are excellent, and each salad is perfect. Ask for your fries well done, and get a cocktail!
All is good except the size of the wine pours we very small considering they charge $15 a glass.
This was an excellent experience; it was an anniversary for us and we were treated like royalty. First, the prime rib was the best I've had and there are very generous servings. A special dessert with greetings appeared as a complimentary plate. Wait staff were attentive and delightful. Absolutely recommend!
Unfortunately the food was poor, took over an hour to get. We did like the French onion soup!
Not the best value for your money, but what in Downtown Denver isn't over priced? Had a reservation, and arrived early. Decided to ask if they could take us early, and they did. Set in a front corner, by the piano. The place was busy, and quite noisy, as they were broadcasting "March Madness" games. Service was prompt, for drinks, and although food was a bit slower, it was timely considering the crowd. My burger was good, hot and there were plenty of hot, fries. My wife's prime rib, was good, but I'm sure not the "Best in Denver" as advertised. Check, and take home boxes arrived promptly. Seen it and experienced it. Next overnight in Denver, I will check out another establishment.
Haven't dined here in probably 10 years but good to come back for the nostalgia and a business lunch.
Always a fun place for an upscale casual lunch experience.
The Ship Tavern seems to get high marks for business dinners, but I don't recommend it. The food and service was good, and it's a cute place, but incredibly noisy. We could barely hear each other and we had a small intimate table.
Way too noisy. Overpriced for what you get. Have had better food at a breakfast place: fish was greasy; prime rib was dry and stringy; soups were cold; Cobb salad was overdressed and made with iceberg lettuce (gave me indigestion until the next morning). Server Donnie was wonderful. Very attentive and friendly.
I always tell people this is my favorite restaurant in Denver when I travel to my office there. I'm boring and pretty much always get French onion soup and prime rib, because they do it so well. This time, they were off their game. I fear it might have been because I was dining alone on a Saturday night. I was put at a high top table over protest (I'm 5'3" and 60s with a bad back). Then it went downhill. 35 minutes for the soup to arrive, missing the usual thick browned cheese. The broth and onions were same as always but the cheese was sparse and not fully heated. It seemed to be topped with grated parmesan too. I asked the maitre d for their bread basket, which is always a highlight, as the waiter never brought it. Never did arrive. Prime rib was fine as always but I think had been waiting a bit while I finished the delayed soup. I didn't stick around for dessert.
We had such a lovely time here for a birthday celebration! The food was superb, as was the ambience!
Food is tremendous every single time. Waitstaff is attentive but not intrusive. I can't recommend Ships Tavern highly enough.
This has been a favorite go to for over 30 years. Unfortunately under the Sheraton's ownership it's slipped quite drastically in a lot of ways. Cleanliness, menu's were dirty and crinkled, server's training lacked, hot food was warm at best, overall quality and value no longer impressive. Sadly the details aren't on point anymore.
We loved the food, the ambience and our waiter. He was a young guy and very attentive. We had a reservation for 7:00 pm for 6 of us. At approximately 8:10 we had just paid and were ready to leave. The hostess came over just as we got out checks back to sign and told us we would have to leave and that the next party was waiting for their table. It's not like we were sitting there talking for hours. We have never been asked to leave before. I called the manager and she will talk to the hostess. We were very disappointed that happened especially since we were ready to leave anyway.
The food was fantastic, one of the best meals I've had in Denver, and we enjoyed the atmosphere. The service wasn't the best- a little slow and the server was kind of rude, but overall it was a great night out.
I love this place food was great service awesome a bit pricey but it's worth it.
It was our first time to the Brown Palace and Ship's Tavern. Loved the history and detail of the hotel and the Tavern was fun and the right call. Had excellent prime rib and cocktails in a bar setting with lots of great people watching. Great deserts and service, too. Will be back soon!
Best Prime Rib in the world!
The food and the service were exceptional. The staff was friendly and the portions were amazing.
I guess I expected a little more. My bourbon drink was outrageously $22 and in a high end steak house I've paid in the high $15....NOT $22. The place did not warrant charging such a premium price.
The trout fish and chips was spectacular but the Rueben was the worst I've ever had, and I've had a lot. Can't believe they charge for it.
We said it was for an anniversary and no mention was made of it.
Our dinner was paid in advance including the tip but we were asked again for a tip. We did not know this until we got home . We have called the restaurant but have heard nothing.
Came back for a 2nd business lunch on MLK day. The place was pretty empty, but the food was pretty good and good service. Good spot for lunch meetings on that side of downtown.
Their dinner menu has changed and does not reflect what is on their website. Their entree options are limited to 6 or 7 specials and their steak options were either Prime Rib or a $50 Waygu T-Bone. Instead of bread, they served broken crackers wrapped in cellophane with butter. Our waiter didn't offer a salad, so we had to request it. The food was okay, but nothing special. The $50 steak was a little dry, but the Prime Rib was good. This used to be our favorite spot in Denver for dinner. Sadly, we will probably not be back.
The food was excellent. We enjoyed our pasta dish as well as the wonderful salad. The waiter was exceptionally helpful attentive and thoughtful. He provided a free dessert because it was our 22nd anniversary! So I thank you!
Service was attentive (thanks Don).
Food was decent (I had the apple quinoa salad, but the club sandwich looked really good).
Menu had changed from what was on website, miss having the tuna. A bit expensive for some items ie the salmon. Still a historic gem & great to visit during the holidays to see the lobby decorations.
The service was excellent but the food was not. We have been coming there for years and have ALWAYS had great food and top notch service. We had two dishes that were cold and one steak that was ordered medium rare that was served medium well. This is not what we expect from the Ship Tavern or the Brown Palace. We have so many years of fond memories and good times but this visit disappointed. Also, don't like the menu changes. Bring back the short rips and the almond trout!! Change up the menu a bit.
It was a celebration and it was a wonderful experience.


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Cart abandonment is a problem that all ecommerce sites see to some degree. The rate at which your visitors abandon depends on how effective you have structured the checkout process. Shopping cart abandonment is an important statistic that needs to be tracked as it could mean the difference between a profitable ecommerce store and a potential loss.
According to industry publications, average shopping cart abandonment rates are between 60% – 70%. Put in to sample numbers, if you have 100 people start the checkout process and if 65% abandon it, that's 65 lost sales. Take that one step further and if your average order value is $49 you lost $3185 in revenue.
Many factors that contribute to cart abandonment are out of the merchant's control; however, there are a number of factors you can concentrate on that will help reduce the overall effect on your store.
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Make sure your cart is working properly and is free of bugs. As elementary as this may sound, it is a vital component that often is not given the weight it deserves. To alleviate this potential problem, go through your order process and ensure it is free of bugs and works as you expect. It would be a good idea to also have others go through and test it periodically — especially after any updates to code or structure have been made that involve the checkout process.
Keep your pricing competitive. Customers are also shoppers. They are always searching for and comparing similar product prices. Unless your product is totally 100% unique and not easily duplicated, you must be aware of the price you assign to it. With the increased use in shopping comparison sites by consumers and in light of the current state of the economy, competitive pricing is more critical than ever. If your prices are out of the ballpark your customers won't stay to watch the game.
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Start with these five methods to spruce up your ecommerce business website to decrease your shopping cart abandonment rate, and you should see a reduction in lost sales.


text:
The Gestapo boss' daughter – Venke H. Fehlis
thebookreaderblogg 4/6 Stars oktober 31, 2017 mars 23, 2020 3 minutter
Norwegian title: Gestaposjefens datter
So we keep moving towards Christmas and more and more often Christmas countdowns keep popping up on my Facebook wall and it kind of freaks me out. At least I'm all done with my Christmas presents so that isn't an issue, but it's more the fact that time goes by so fast. I've been in London a month already, which I can't quite believe, but that's how it goes. At the moment I'm in my bed, so sore from cheerleading practice yesterday that I can barely move. It's like I'm 90, not 23, haha.
Born in the winter of 1945, Venke was the daughter of a Norwegian girl and the Gestapo boss in Oslo, Heinrich Fehlis. He had had several Norwegians tortured and killed and he was famous for it. Venke wasn't alone in her situation. During the war, several kids were born where the father was a part of the enemy forces. Venke's parents loved each other very much and her father went to extreme lengths to get Venke and her mother out of Norway when the war ended and the Nazis surrendered. Venke had a difficult childhood. Her mom was put in a mental hospital, she moved around between family members and she felt a shame and fear that she knew was connected to her heritage, though she did not quite know why. Her mother would never tell. This is Venke's story; a story about self-acknowledgement and how to keep your head above the water when all you want to do is drown.
This is quite a story. Venke knows fairly little about her father until she is a grown up. All her mother ever told her as he was a Nazi general, but due to the different military rankings in Norway and The Third Reich, this isn't quite true. Venke's birth certificate says nothing about her father being a part of the Gestapo. Living with a mother who was an alcoholic and disillusioned most of her life must have been a true struggle that I can only try to imagine. Venke's mother never says a bad word about her father, because she experienced the man outside of work.I like how Venke tells her story without any secrets. She invites us into her life, all of her mistakes and all her failures and we can see the mistakes in the book as clear as day, although it takes some time for Venke herself to realize them. I think this is my favourite part of this whole story; the open honesty about who she truly is. She is well into her adult years before she learns the true history of her father.
This knowledge about parents is quite important in my opinion. Most of us know where we come from and whom our parents are, but most of the children born in Norway and other countries during World War 2 might not know. Some children were born out of love, while others might be the result of a fling or a rape. The way the state treated war-children and their mothers after the war was not impressive in any way. A lot of the children ended up struggling in life and the state didn't want to reach out a hand to help, and I think Venke's story gives us a good picture of how it could be to grow up with a father who had been in the enemy forces. In Norway as well as other countries the girls that had had Nazi boyfriends were shaved and hunted through the streets after the liberation. They had swastikas painted on them and were made to clean out properties where the Nazi's had lived. The way the government and society treated them and their children is nothing to be proud of.
Theme: World war 2, history, family, life, USA
2.worldwar
Publisert oktober 31, 2017 mars 23, 2020
Forrige innlegg Living in London Vol. 2 – Books and pubs
Neste innlegg Pedagogy of the oppressed – Paulo Freire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tamim's mission to hit back in form
By : BSS, Dhaka
A series of low score like 16, 24, 19 in the first three matches of the World Cup isn't acceptable from a batsman like Tamim Iqbal who unarguably is the best ever opener the Bangladesh have ever seen.
It's also not acceptable for a batsman who is the highest scorer for Bangladesh in all three formats of cricket.
It's a myth, which was established by captain Mashrafe Bin Mortaza that Tamim's start at the top is prelude to the success of Bangladesh. And it's not overstatement. Bangladesh won most the matches when Tamim gave them a good start.
But that is not the case in this World Cup. Bangladesh are blessed to have an inform Shakib Al Hasan and dependable Mushfiqur Rahim, otherwise the way Tamim was playing, Bangladesh wouldn't have won any match. But to their fortune, they beat a team like South Africa before losing to New Zealand and South Africa.
However if the law of average is taken into consideration, Shakib's off day may come at any moment so it is mandatory Tamim to put his hands up.
His opening partner Soumya Sarkar started well in first two matches but couldn't capitalize on his start. But as a senior batsman Tamim should take the onus to guide the junior like Soumya and others, which he couldn't so.
Tamim's reputation may prompt selectors not to drop him in case of failure even in the whole World Cup but with an inform top order batsman like Liton Das sitting idle in the bench, his continuous failure won't bode well with cricket crazy fans.
So Tamim himself felt the heat. And it is evidenced in the way he was desperate to have some practice session despite consistent drizzle in Bristol on Sunday. He just came to the ground to have practice just after Bangladesh reached Bristol from Cardiff. The players were tired and they chose to take rest in their hotel room but Tamim refused to take rest.
As it was raining Tamim came to have an individual practice session at the indoor nets of the County Ground in Bristol. He went on to work on his game and faced throw-downs in the indoor nets of the venue for Bangladesh's World Cup match against Sri Lanka on June 11.
The World Cup is a not a perfect platform for Tamim as the stat suggested that he averages only 22 in the global cricket tournament while his ODI average is 36.
However, former national skipper Shahriar Nafees believes a good knock from Tamim Iqbal is just round the corner.
"Tamim is not scoring big but in every match he is making a good start," Shahriar told a private TV channel ahead of Bangladesh's game against Sri Lanka.
The New Nation
1 R.K. Mission Road, Ittefaq Bhaban (3rd floor), Dhaka-1203


This weeks Ride Of The Week goes to Matt Brobston with his 1982 Mercury Capri nicknamed "Project Eggroll". It's powered by a single 70mm turbo with a Single Nozzle (Going to a Nitrous Outlet Direct Port setup this winter) stock bottom end 2JZ ENGINE and a th400 transmission. That's right this little Mercury Capri has some import heart in her! Matt put this car together from the ground up in his garage with little help, mostly from his wife Staci. From the suspension to the tuning all done by Matt. It still has full interior, power steering, power brakes, power locks, heat. The cars personal best is 5.89 @ 118mph and hoping to get into the 5.5's next year. Congrats to Matt and Staci for being our Ride Of The Week!


text:
The History of American Science as Activism
Leslie Madsen-Brooks, University of California, Davis
(An essay in the "What's American About the History of Science in America?" series)
Earlier this year, I was undertaking research in the archives of a science museum when a fellow researcher, a senior professor, asked what I was working on. I told him I was looking into the ways a particular woman scientist worked with amateur scientists and botanical enthusiasts. He asked if I had been to the History of Science Society annual meetings. I said I wasn't interested because I hadn't seen sufficient evidence in paper titles that panels at the conference were engaging with gender issues in a substantive way. Since I'm a historian of women in science, there were other meetings on which I'd rather spend my lean conference-going budget.
He pointed out there have been women on the executive committee of the HSS, and I explained that was great, but that if a critical mass of participants weren't going to be talking about women scientists or gender, then I wasn't interested in attending. We parted cordially, but the conflation of women historians of science with the history of women in science was disturbing to me; they aren't interchangeable, after all. It made me wonder if "women in the history of science" referred to both scholars and subjects, and that if a critical mass was met by combining the numbers of women in each category, then all things gender-related were thought to be well in the field.
Unlike many scholars of the history of science, I didn't come to the field via a scientific discipline or via a history department. I am not a woman scientist, nor even a woman with a Ph.D. in history (my degree is in cultural studies). Rather, I discovered the history of science through a love of natural history museums, a fascination with taxidermy, readings in feminist science studies, and two nagging questions: Why am I not a scientist? And why do I know so many women who are former scientists or engineers? I wanted to know, historically, where and how women did manage to pursue lifelong careers in science. I wasn't looking for extraordinary women—although I did find a few—but rather women who garnered respect within their disciplinary communities or their institutions despite cultural barriers to their entry.
At the time I began my research, I was supplementing my teaching assistant income by working in classroom outreach and exhibition development for a science center. I looked around me, and everywhere there were women who had majored in science but ended up in education instead. Websites of natural history museums featured the work of male researchers but had photos of women educators. I wondered about this relationship of women, science, education, and museums.
And thus I found my way into the archives of such institutions as the Smithsonian, the California Academy of Sciences, and the Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Gardens. There I found women scientists—amateur and professional—like botanists Alice Eastwood and Agnes Chase, taxidermist Martha Maxwell, San Diego Zoo director Belle Benchley, and botanical garden founder Susanna Bixby Bryant. I learned of their insistence on public outreach and how they made learning about natural history accessible to as many people as possible, sometimes over the objections of their male colleagues. In an era—the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth—when science became increasingly specialized and centered in university and government labs, these women refused to specialize. Indeed, they broadened their own bases of knowledge and invited laypeople to join them in this journey.
Maybe that's what is needed right now in the history of science, a broadening into new spaces—literal spaces, in the sense of artifacts and public history, as well as disciplinary spaces, like cultural studies, that could benefit both from an infusion of history before 1960 and from research that involves paper archives as well as digital ones.
Drawing women of my generation (I'm 33) and political sensibility deeper into the field will require a broader understanding of what exactly constitutes the history of science. It's going to mean bridging the gap between the history of science and science studies, those shadows into which "my" women scientists fell and from which I'm trying to pull them. The twenty-first-century practice of the history of science must be marked by a polyphony of voices within our research as well as a diversity of researchers. It sounds cliché, but it must be said: the history of science can no longer afford to focus almost exclusively on brilliant or wacky white men because those were not the only people creating or consuming science. Yet when I look at the titles of recent panels at history of science conferences, when I open Isis, that is largely the history I see.
For me, what will make the history of science distinctly American is an acknowledgment of the syncretism inherent in scientific practice in spaces like museums and in new disciplinary alliances. These are imperfect conglomerations, slippery liaisons. They will require new narratives, new ways of explaining themselves, not unlike Emily Martin's retelling of the moment of human conception: sperm and egg are partners, not the penetrator and the vanquished. We must conceive of forms of scholarship that are interdisciplinary and provide appropriate space for new faculty, so that (and here I speak selfishly) scholars like myself can be hired based on our research—research that doesn't fall neatly into current trends in history, museum studies, women's studies, or ethnic studies. I am heartened when I see new varieties of collaboration among departments, such as the tenure-track food studies position created at the University of California, Davis, whose occupant divides her time between Food Science (in the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences) and American Studies (in the Division of Humanities, Arts, and Cultural Studies).
Apart from research, practicing the history of science in the United States means seizing the teachable moment. Even if I'm teaching an American studies or composition course, when some young man brings up the idea that women and men's brains are just wired differently, and that's why there are fewer women than men practicing the "hard" sciences, I not only object to his comment as a scholar who prefers cultural explanations to biological ones. I also historicize his comment in light of nineteenth-century ideas that women's ovaries would shrivel if they developed their intellects, in light of phrenology and anthropometry and other pseudosciences whose studies were at the time accepted at—excuse the pun—face value. Many science students take my humanities courses because they need to complete a general education requirement. Again and again I have made visible the culture of science to these students, and I delight in watching them be reflective about their practice of science, perhaps for the first time.
For me, to practice the history of science in the United States is to be an academic activist. It is to democratize history and science in ways similar to the projects undertaken by women scientists working in museums, zoos, herbaria, and botanical gardens in the first half of the twentieth century. It means listening to contemporary feminist voices emerging from the sciences themselves and looking for earlier manifestations of these interpretations of the natural world. If we are only looking backward, and not using our work to explain why so many Americans are scientifically semiliterate or why certain Americans succeed in the sciences while others do not, then what's the point of our scholarship? The best history of science in America will be motivated not only by our collective fetish for the arcane, but also by a desire to bring a better understanding of history and science into the everyday lives of Americans.
This entry was posted in What's American About HOS in America on January 7, 2009 by americanscience.
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4 thoughts on "The History of American Science as Activism"
Harvey.Brenneise January 9, 2009 at 3:13 am
I'm the librarian at Rancho Santa Ana botanic Garden. I hope to meet you next time you do research here. Gotta love Alice and Susanna. They'd make interesting subjects for a biography, I have no doubt.Harvey
Megan January 29, 2009 at 9:04 pm
While I appreciate the sentiment of this post (a critical mass of women historians of science shouldn't be conflated with the discipline as a whole taking women or gender and science seriously), I am a little disturbed about the logic of avoiding HSS. If you want to make gender a more pervasive category of analysis in history of science, wouldn't organizing a panel on the topic at HSS be a better mode of activism within the discipline than restricting yourself to already specialized conferences?
In January I'll be launching a website (ScienceForCitizens.net) that will match volunteers (aka citizen scientists or amateur scientists) with researchers running citizen science projects. It will be very easy to search for specific types of projects so you may want to search for botanical projects and see if any women researchers are heading them up. Happy to help if you'd like.
Afet İnan Kimdir November 17, 2013 at 10:11 pm
Thanks for blog 🙂
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text:
Latvian men's and women's national hockey teams take part in tournaments in Korea
mfa.gov.lv
uncaptioned image from article
From 6 to 8 February, the Latvian men's national hockey team took part in a special tournament in South Korea's Olympic city Gangneung held to celebrate the first anniversary of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics and played against South Korea, Japan and Kazakhstan. The Latvian team, consisting mainly of players from Latvian hockey clubs, with two wins and a loss to Kazakhstan in overtime, placed second, representing our country excellently.
From 9 to 12 February, the women's national team, taking part in a tournament of a similar format and competing with South Korean and Hungarian teams, won one point and placed third. Our girls fought hard but fortune was on their adversaries' side this time. The Latvian-South Korean match, broadcast live on television, was watched by several hundreds of thousands of viewers.
In the context of bilateral relations between Latvia and South Korea, the tournaments were a unique opportunity to raise Latvia's profile in South Korea and demonstrate the high level of Latvian hockey in the Gangneung Hockey Centre, where regrettably the Latvian national team did not have a chance to play during the 2018 Olympics tournaments. This is part of public diplomacy [JB emphasis], in which our athletes hold an important place by both popularising ice hockey and making the name of our country heard in South Korea. The Embassy offers special thanks to the Latvian Hockey Federation and its Vice President Viesturs Koziols, and the Korea Ice Hockey Association for organising the Legacy Cup tournament with participation of the Latvian teams. The Korean national ice hockey team might visit Latvia at the end of the year and play in a tournament hosted by Latvia.
Press Contacts:
Embassy of the Republic of Latvia in the Republic of Korea
Address: 29, Hannam-daero 36-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04417, Republic of Korea
Telephone: (02) 2-2022-3800
Fax: (02) 2-2022-3803
Homepage: http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/seoul
Summer of Public Diplomacy
globaltiesus.org
The Global Ties Summer of Public Diplomacy series seeks to inform and advance understanding of the role of citizens in shaping international affairs. From July 17-18, this two-day series of events will help current and emerging public diplomacy leaders connect on global issues and advance U.S. civic engagement locally, nationally, and internationally.
Through tailored workshops, panel discussions, and social networking, the Summer of Public Diplomacy will convene a broad range of Americans who are increasingly leading U.S. public diplomacy efforts at home and abroad. This includes cultivating business and educational partnerships, hosting international visitors, and advocating for America's continued leadership on the global stage at the grassroots level.
Empowered citizens are key to building a globally literate workforce. Whether you are a young or mid-career professional, join us this summer as we explore ways to connect, lead, and mobilize a global network of..
America's Mixed Messages
Karen J. Greenberg, lobelog.como
Image from article: USCGC Bertholf, a National Security Cutter (Wikimedia Commons)
I grew up in New London, Connecticut, watching many a military ship float by my window. New London was home to the Coast Guard Academy and sat across the river from a U.S. Navy submarine base. Uniformed guardsmen, sailors in training, and sub crews leaving port would regularly wave to my friends and me from the decks of their ships. It never occurred to me that, 50 years later, such ships would come to my attention again, this time because of the confusing messages they're sending overseas, a reflection of the conflicting images embedded in Washington's latest version of diplomacy and foreign policy.
We still want populations around the world to admire, appreciate, and respect this country as a democracy and a powerful protector. Some ships are used to make exactly that point. And yet, in the twenty-first-century version of war American-style, other ships have become the..
Google introduces 'time machine' feature in Street View
Magazine, Public diplomacy, Relax for Digital Diplomacy, Technology, World
Google has turned its Google Maps Street View into a time machine to let users travel back in time and see how places have changed. The new feature will let users track changes in landscape, buildings, roads and entire neighbourhoods from around the world since the Street View mapping program began in 2007. Users can
The World Watches Another Trumpster Fire Week #WhatNowPublicDiplomacy?
Public diplomacy, Slider
Last June, USC's Center on Public Diplomacy did a piece on Islamophobia & U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Trump Era. In another post on re-thinking social engagement, CPD writes that "in the age of Trump though, global organizations, especially those with American origins, must do all they can now to shore up their reputational capital and strengthen
Australian public diplomacy the real loser in ABC cuts
" Just Oppinion ", Digital Diplomacy, E Government, Public diplomacy
Journalists are often advised to report the story, not become part of it, but Australia's coverage of and broadcasting to Asia have been making headlines for years. In 2014, the trend has continued with the Federal Government eviscerating its publicly funded overseas television service, Australia Network, which targeted its broadcasts to Asia. News reports this


text:
Al Doyle
Commemoratives Coins
Daves Collectible Coins
Going Beyond Commemorative Coins On eBay
By Al Doyle for CoinWeek …..
The United States Mint has issued commemorative coins tied to the 1892-93 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition (often referred to as the St. Louis Worlds's Fair) and the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco. Why wouldn't numismatists pursue these historic pieces? A look at current values provides a big reality check for the person who has to watch what they spend.
Columbian half dollars are quite affordable in grades as high as MS-64, but the much scarcer commemorative quarter will cost $350 or more even in circulated condition. The 1903 gold dollars honoring Thomas Jefferson and William McKinley along with the 1904 and 1905 Lewis and Clark gold dollars requires more than $3,000 to obtain the quartet in MS-60, and prices steadily rise for better-grade specimens. Never mind the high five-figure prices for the Pan-Pac $50 round and octagonal versions. Obtaining the half dollar, gold $1 or $2.50 gold Pan-Pac are also beyond the means of many collectors.
It's too bad that the artistry and rarity of these coins doesn't fit into the budget of many potential buyers, but there is an alternative of sorts for those who want something eye appealing and affordable from these major events. Coins are just a small portion of the mementos and collectibles from these World's Fairs of the distant past, and many eye-appealing objects from Chicago, St. Louis and San Francisco can be found on eBay.
Tickets to the Columbian Exposition were anything but utilitarian slips of paper. Portraits of historic figures including Christopher Columbus, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and musician George Frideric Handel (with harp) were combined with colorful and intricately engraved lettering and backgrounds. Promotions such as Chicago Day (October 9, 1893) and Manhattan Day (October 21, 1893) included special tickets. The Chicago Day admission showed a phoenix rising from the ashes, a reference to the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, while the Manhattan Day ticket carried the Statue of Liberty, just seven years old at the time.
Postcards, intricately crafted sterling silver spoons, buttons, jewelry, photos, guide books, medals and other keepsakes were some among the items sold to visitors. eBay typically has somewhere in the neighborhood of 2,000 lots related to the Columbian Exposition. The person who could never afford an Isabella quarter can obtain hundreds of other collectibles from Chicago's first World's Fair and never spend more than $50 on an individual item.
If variety is your thing, look no further than the vast assortment of items sold as souvenirs in St. Louis in 1904. In addition to sterling spoons, medals and tokens, collectors can choose from glassware and pewter, calendars, postcards, booklets, jewelry and encased cents. Other possibilities for the St. Louis specialist are the 1904 Olympics held mainly at Forest Park on the city's south side as well as the Judy Garland movie Meet Me in St. Louis (1944). The 1904 World's Fair is woven throughout the film.
Maybe a high-grade Pan-Pac $50 is worth more than your home, but that doesn't shut you out of building a reasonably priced collection of items from the exposition. Pan-Pac related postcards date back to 1910, as this major event was years in the making. How about a silk handkerchief with the "PPIE" logo? There weren't as many souvenirs from the Pan-Pac as were sold at the Columbian and Louisiana Purchase fairs, but the selection is hardly skimpy.
eBay is by far the best source for the memorabilia of this trio of world's fairs. Pieces occasionally turn up at antique shops (especially those located near the host cities), but the selection and relevant pricing data is far more comprehensive on eBay than it is by ferreting out one or two items at a time.
New inventions and futuristic concepts were a popular attraction at world's fairs, and many of the postcards focus on that area. Attendees were exposed to many foreign cultures, as various nations set up exhibits during an era when overseas travel was slow and out of reach of all but the wealthy. Obtain the Columbian, Louisiana Purchase and Pan-Pac commemoratives if possible, but the collecting opportunities from these historic events extends far beyond coins.
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Roast beef fast food restaurant chain Arby's has become the latest to accept American Express' contactless payment solution, ExpressPay. Customers will be able to quickly pay for their purchases at both the restaurant's drive-thrus and in-store by the third quarter this year. Several convenience store chains, CVS Pharmacy, and select McDonald's locations already accept ExpressPay.
NEW YORK–American Express announced Arby's Restaurant Group, Inc. is the latest national merchant partner to accept ExpressPay from American Express. Arby's plans to accept ExpressPay in-store and in the drive-thrus of its U.S. company-owned restaurants in the third quarter of 2006.
ExpressPay from American Express is a contactless payment option that consists of a secure computer chip powered by radio frequency technology. The feature is an easy-to-use alternative to cash for making everyday purchases at merchants where speed and convenience are important – such as quick service restaurants, supermarkets, drug stores and gas stations.
American Express was the first issuer to launch contactless cards nationally with the rollout of Blue from American Express with the ExpressPay feature in June 2005. ExpressPay is also embedded in the Clear from American Express Card and available via a key fob that can be linked to any American Express Card. Users simply hold the Card or key fob with ExpressPay next to a special reader near the register to complete a purchase.
Payment is authorized in seconds and no signature is required for most purchases. The computer chip enables end-to-end transaction security. Blue and Clear from American Express Cards also have a magnetic strip and function as traditional credit cards.
American Express has been working with contactless payments since 2002. The company's initial pilots showed that, on average, ExpressPay transactions are 63 percent faster than using cash. Market research with pilot participants also confirmed that consumers view convenience and simplicity of use as two of the major benefits. For merchants, important benefits include reduced transaction and service time for customers on the go. Also, the ExpressPay reader uses the merchants' existing network infrastructure, so the system can be simply installed without lengthy or costly upgrades.
American Express continues to sign national and regional contactless payment merchants. For a full list of merchants now accepting ExpressPay visit, www.americanexpress.com/expresspay.
American Express Company (www.americanexpress.com) is a diversified worldwide travel, financial and network services company founded in 1850. It is a world leader in charge and credit cards, Travelers Cheques, travel, business services and international banking.


We are excited to announce the launch of our new E-direct website! This online store features entry level instrumentation and components as well as a sleek, updated design, fully responsive product listing and free shipping on all products. Volume discounts and credit card payments are also now available on the website.
With user friendly interaction as the driving feature behind the new E-direct site, customers are able to easily access detailed product information, technical data, application information and pricing. The Customer Portal allows users to login to quickly browse and purchase all available products and access E-direct order history.
One the most exciting, new features of the site is its mobile-friendly design. This makes on-the-go shopping easy on laptops, tablets and even smart phones.
E-direct compliments our traditional offering by providing you with a quick, effective way to purchase easy-to-configure, entry-level instrumentation.


After being a resident in Arms of Hope's care, Megan, a current Oklahoma Christian University student, returned to campus with twenty-three of her classmates to lead the first OC Spring Break Campaign to the Arms of Hope Boles Campus. From March 16-23, the group of students from all over the U.S. and two students from China began their trip bonding with each other and working on team building by spending a day on the R.O.P.E.S. course. Then they worked on various projects, had dinner with house parents and residents in the cottages, led the staff devotional, shared in community lunches with employees and helped the campus prepare for an annual yard sale. Megan and her sibling came to Arms of Hope in 2007, and were later adopted by an employee couple. She is now in our College and Career program. Megan says the group plans to make the OC Spring Break Campaign an annual tradition and break the historic record of consecutive trips held by another college group! Watch the video below and click here to see the pictures.


text:
The clean meat industry is racing to ditch its reliance on foetal blood
No startup has managed to grow meat products in the lab without using an expensive serum derived from animal blood. That could be about to change
Coen Pohl
Slaughter-free meat is on its way to our plates. In California, the Netherlands and Japan, a handful of startups are already growing animal flesh in laboratories, outside of the bodies of animals. Their goal? To produce meat without needing to kill a single animal, cutting out the cruelty and huge environmental costs associated with meat production today.
But the clean meat industry has a messy problem. None of the major players have managed to grow meat without using animal serum – a blend of growth-inducing proteins usually made from the blood of animals. The most popular is foetal bovine serum (FBS), a mixture harvested from the blood of foetuses excised from pregnant cows slaughtered in the dairy or meat industries. FBS contains a cocktail of proteins that make it ideally-suited for helping all kinds of animal cells grow and duplicate. "That's why it's a miracle juice, it's got a protein for everyone," says Michael Selden, CEO of lab-grown fish startup Finless Foods. Other animal serums work for one or two cell types, but FBS is a natural all-rounder.
And it's absolutely key to growing meat in the lab. To create a lab-grown beef burger, you start by removing a small number of cells from a living animal, and transfering them into a petri dish, where they're bathed in a liquid containing animal serum and all the other nutrients they need to grow and divide. Given the right food and conditions, those cells continue to duplicate and can be transferred to a bioreactor where they grow into something resembling real animal flesh. Eventually you can remove a portion of those cells, prepare them as you would any other burger, and eat them.
All the startups working in this nascent industry are doing is growing meat in roughly the same way that animals do, but without having a living body wrapped around it. "Everything animals eat is going to bone formation, blood formation, brain formation, and muscle," says Selden. "This is a more streamlined way of bringing these nutrients into meat that people want to eat." And, unlike plant-based meat alternatives, lab-grown meat doesn't just taste like real meat. It is real meat.
But unless the clean meat industry can solve the serum question, not a sliver of lab-grown meat will ever make its way into our kitchens. "There's absolutely no way you can have a viable product that has serum," says Selden. "There's no company that will ever do that, no matter how cold hearted and brutal they are – nobody would do it." So now the clean meat industry is on a mission to brew up its own miracle juice.
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Then there's the cost. A single litre of foetal bovine serum costs between £300 and £700, and the clean meat industry is getting through buckets of the stuff every day. Mark Post, co-founder of Mosa Meat and creator of the world's first cultured burger, estimates that it takes 50 litres of serum to produce a single beef burger. It is the sheer cost of serum that makes clean meat so eye-wateringly expensive. That first cultured beef burger, made in August 2013, cost over £220,000 to produce. Post estimates that this is now down to around £4,400 per burger, but it's still way off the price level needed to make clean meat a realistic alternative to conventional meat.
Part of the reason why serum is so expensive is that the industry producing it isn't set up to supply the vast quantities that clean meat startups need. Most companies selling FBS are geared towards biomedical research, where they use tiny amounts of the serum, sometimes less than a millilitre at a time, to grow small clusters of cells. The clean meat industry, once it properly gets going, will be on a much, much bigger scale. In a paper published in Biochemical Engineering Journal, Liz Specht, senior scientist at the Good Food Institute, a non-profit that promotes animal-free food, estimates that eventually a standard 20,000 litre batch of cultured cells, which includes serum and other nutrients as well as the meat itself, would yield between 1,800 and 4,500 kilograms of meat.
"Right now the clean meat companies aren't really buying large quantities of media," says Specht. Growth media – media being the generic term for a liquid broth of nutrients – is another liquid full of amino acids, sugars and vitamins needed to keep growing cells healthy, and most of these are easy to synthesise artificially. "It's not dissimilar to Gatorade," says Selden, who knows one Japanese scientist using a sports drink as an alternative to conventional media. But ten to 20 per cent of media is made up of, you guessed it, animal serum.
Growing demand from the clean meat industry might be enough to tempt biotech firms to start producing serum at scale, says Post, who estimates that he is around three years away from growing commercially-available clean meat. "Mostly likely biotech is going to pick this up and realise that they are going to have to move from a small volume high value product to a huge volume and low value."
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In September 2017, Finless Foods held a tasting of five carp-and-potato croquettes worth an estimated £150 each
Finless Foods
Selden won't say which animal serum Finless Foods uses in its labs – many startups keep the exact composition of serum and media tightly under-wraps – but the company has already cut its animal serum use in half since being founded last year. Cells can cope with small reductions in the amount of serum, Selden says, but if you cut out too much then it starts inhibiting the growth and development of the cultures.
Finless Foods is planning to go serum-free by the end of 2018 and release its first lab-grown fish paste by the end of 2019, but to pull off both those feats the startup needs to find an alternative source of growth protein. These could be made by microbial fermentation, the same process that is used to create vegetarian versions of the enzyme rennet, which is used in cheese production. Finless Foods is also considering algal or fungal extracts.
Just, a clean meat company that was previously called Hampton Creek, is going down a different route for its animal serum alternative. The company, which is building a database of different plants and analysing each one to find species that could supply the growth factors and other nutrients that dividing cells need. "From our perspective, the most technically challenging and critical thing here is nailing this media thing," says Just CEO Josh Tetrick, who was left as the sole member of the company's board last summer after the other four members quit as the firm struggled to meet deadlines and faced criticisms of dodgy science in its labs. But Tetrick already reckons he's onto the next big thing.
He's aiming to bring out a commercial clean meat product by the end of 2018, but he's not sure what it'll be yet. "We're looking at chicken nuggets, we're looking at sausages and we're looking at chorizo," he says. Ground meats like these are easier to grow because they don't require much structuring, but each different meat requires a different set of growth factors, so creating a universal serum, like FBS, is mostly likely out of the question. "The challenge is that we're going to have to have different formulations for different cell lines," he says. Like Finless Foods, Just is committed to going animal serum free by the end of 2018.
Global insect populations are collapsing, and we don't know why
By Amit Katwala
It's also possible to artificially manufacturer growth factors using recombinant DNA technology, says Post. He has already tested cells in 400 different conditions to see how they respond to different growth factors and conditions, and thinks that soon enough we'll see the growth of a specialised industry supplying the clean meat world with growth proteins. "It's a matter of time, it's just going through the alternatives that there are and optimising them," he says.
Recycling the media used during the growing process is another cost-saving option being pursued by startups. While cells are growing and dividing, they release metabolites into the media, which is then thrown away. "It's a wasteful system that we need to improve over time," Post says. Selecting cells that are more better at converting media into growth would also increase the efficiency and lower the cost of the whole process.
Cost, after all, is the whole reason why these companies are putting so much effort into finding animal-free serum. Without drastically lower production costs, clean meat will never make it out of the lab. "It's a waste of time and a fantasy if you can't solve the media cost," says Tetrick. "Ultimately, if we cannot get this kind of meat below the cost of conventional meat it is complete bullshit in my mind."
Concept packaging for Just beef burgers. The company is also developing clean meat chicken and sausages.
For Just's first clean meat produt, Tetrick has set himself the goal of being within 30 per cent of the cost of a comparable meat product. To get there, however, he might have to fill out his lab-grown meat a little. One benefit of starting with ground meat is that you can pack them out with breadcrumbs, flour or other forms of starch, just like the real meat industry does for plenty of lower-end products. Combine a little filler with lower-cost media and the challenge of scaling clean meat suddenly becomes significantly easier.
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By Sara Harrison
But Post is wary about filling out clean meat products with other things. Clean meat products should be 100 per cent meat, he says. "It's essential to create a product that is exactly the same as the alternative." This would narrow the ground between the two types of meat, and undercut criticisms that lab-grown meat is somehow an inferior product.
The meat industry is already gearing up to fight that battle. In February, the United States Cattlemen's Association filed a 15-page petition to the Department of Agriculture arguing that lab-grown meat companies should not be able to call their products "meat" since they won't come from slaughtered animals. Post, who is Dutch, dismisses this as an achterhoedegevecht – a fight that will have no consequences in the future. He uses the example of the milk industry, where non-dairy milks now make up 10 per cent of the market. A name change there wouldn't change the huge impact that milk alternatives have had on that market, he says.
Elsewhere, the meat industry is starting to cosy up to the clean meat world. In January, Tyson Foods, the world's second-largest producer of chicken, beef and pork, invested in Memphis Meats, the startup that many in the industry think is closest to producing commercially-viable meat. The startup has already managed to reduce the cost per pound down to around £1,700, and Specht says it still has a lot further to go. "It's not hard for me to see how we can get in the region of a couple of dollars per pound," she says. Serum, which costs hundreds of dollars per litre at the moment, could go as low as one dollar per litre once we're able to synthesise it ourselves.
In the long run, Specht says the clean meat industry might make more of a foothold for itself by growing high-end cuts of meat such as steak or lamb chops. Since these cuts have more complex structures, with intricate arrangements of fat, muscle and connective tissue, they require some kind of scaffolding to make certain kinds of cells grow in different positions. Specht even thinks that clean meat could eventually bring the cost down of what are traditionally more expensive cuts of meat, while plant-based alternatives flood the lower end of the market.
But the immediate priority for the clean meat industry is finding a way to make sure those first burgers, chicken nuggets and crab sticks are sold at a price that people don't find stomach-turning.
If they can work that out, they'll be in with a chance of taking a slice of the £717 billion global meat industry, and with it reduce its huge environmental footprint. It takes 2,000 litres of water to produce one beef burger, but researchers estimate that clean meat would use between ten and 100 times less water as well as reducing greenhouse emissions and land use by the same amount.
The only way to achieve this is to convince normal meat eaters to switch to lab-grown meat, by putting the ethical arguments to one side and appealing to their pocket. "Luxury products are not going to save the environment," says Selden. "You have to play the capitalism game."
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"Can not run the macro 'Weekly Shrinkage Tool.xlsm!NewWeek'. The macro may not be available is this workbook or all macros may be disabled."
Application.Run "Weekly Shrinkage Tool.xlsm!Public Sub NewWeek()"
Am I missing something like a simple syntax error?
The short answer is Application.Run "MacroBook!MacroName"
Nevertheless, the called macro must be in a module not a sheet.
1) I have a WorkBook that loads a form automatically when it is opened. In Excel, how can I suppress the form from loading on file open when required?
2) How do I disable the right click option for users in my WorkBook?
3) I have WorkBook with sensitive confidential information - how do I encrypt / protect my file so that access to file contents is restricted?
5) How can I save a WorkSheet as a new WorkBook using VBA?
6) I frequently use a Macro - is there a way to quickly access the Macro in the Excel Ribbon?
8) How can I clear cell after activating a routine when there is a change in value of a cell?


text:
«Школьный портал — единая стартовая страница» — главная интернет-страница для всех школьных компьютеров Российской Федерации. Проект Федерального агентства по образованию, стоивший более полумиллиона долларов. Сам портал представлял собой недоделанную несложную оболочку, объединяющую каталог полезных ссылок, почту и блоги от mail.ru, простую новостную ленту, форум (сделанный на известной готовой платформе), поисковую машину (адаптацию уже существующей машины) и справочную систему.

Создание «Школьного портала» группой ИМА, выигравшей открытый конкурс на создание портала, было профинансировано из средств Государственного бюджета РФ в рамках Государственного контракта НП-13 (лот № 2), общая стоимость которого составила 13 950 000 рублей (более полумиллиона долларов на тот момент). Как заявил директор интернет-агентства «Ру-сайт» Олег Брага, «подобный сайт не стоит и $50 тыс.».

История вокруг Школьного портала
21 декабря 2007 года портал был представлен и открыт минобразования Фурсенко и вызвал серьёзную критику в ряде русскоязычных блогов. Через 3 дня был закрыт для дальнейшей переработки «до второй декады января 2008 г.»

28 января 2008 года портал вновь открылся. Среди внесённых изменений наиболее заметной оказалась система авторизации пользователей.

Для поиска по Интернету авторы портала предлагают использовать сервис edu.gogo.ru, разработанный на базе поисковой системы GoGo.Ru. Несмотря на использование фильтров по определённому словарю запросов и результатам поиска, исключить наличия ссылок на текстовые, фото- и видеоматериалы порнографического содержания в выдаче edu.gogo.ru не удалось. Ограничение по словарю оказалось проницаемо или, напротив, абсурдно для двусмысленных слов и идиом вроде «мокрая киска» или «голая правда». Такой фильтр стал забавой. Доступ к блогам на mail.ru вообще не ограничивал поиска.

В то же время в государственном контракте НП-13, содержащем, в том числе, требования к «Школьному порталу», отсутствует задача разработки матфильтра и критерии измерения качества его работы. Также, согласно тексту открытого письма РОЦИТ в веб-редакцию портала, при обращении в Группу «ИМА» с требованием реализовать более серьёзный уровень безопасности на проекте противники «Школьного портала» получили ответ, что данные задачи не были предусмотрены заказчиком.

8 февраля 2008 года в СМИ появилась информация от анонимного источника в Рособразовании, который утверждал, что перед запуском портала произошёл технологический сбой, в результате которого все исходные коды сайта были внезапно утеряны. Источник утверждал, что именно поэтому разработчикам пришлось вывесить на хостинг нынешнюю пилотную версию портала. Это объяснение признавалось cnews.ru совершенно несерьёзным, так как свидетельствовало или о нечистоплотности, или о полном непрофессионализме причастных лиц.

С 2011 года «Школьный портал» не работает.

Примечания

См. также
 Приоритетный национальный проект «Образование»
 Спутник (поисковая система)

Ссылки
 Школьный портал — единая стартовая страница (не работает)
 Пресс-служба минобрнауки: 21 декабря в «Школе будущего» Министр образования и науки РФ Андрей Фурсенко даст старт проекту «Школьный портал — Единая стартовая страница»
 «Школьный портал» закрылся через три дня после запуска
 Ролики с примером работы портала:
 Маша и Витя на школьном портале, или Куда ушли бюджетные деньги. Эротический скринкаст
 Маша и Витя на школьном портале. Фильм второй. Поисковые образовательные нанотехнологии
 Маша и Витя на школьном портале. Фильм третий. Мутируем помаленьку
 Маша и Витя на школьном портале. Фильм четвёртый. Операция Ё и другие приключения шулеров
 Блог Экслера: Как теперь делают порталы

Национальные проекты
Общее образование в России
Рунет
Сайты, появившиеся в 2007 году
Сайты, закрытые в 2009 году


· Last week (M-SU), Univision Network ranked No. 3 in primetime among both young Adults 18-34 and Adults 18-49, outperforming CBS and FOX in each demographic. Univision out-delivered one or more of the English-language broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, NBC or FOX) every night among both demographics.
· "Amores con Trampa" (Fooled Into Love) helped make Univision the No. 1 network among young Adults 18-34 in the Monday-Friday 8 p.m. time period. The novela averaged 2.6 million Total Viewers 2+, 1.3 million Adults 18-49 and 576,000 young Adults 18-34.
· Airing Monday to Friday 9 p.m.-10 p.m., "Lo Imperdonable" (The Unforgivable) helped make Univision the No. 3 network among young Adults 18-34, outperforming CBS and FOX. The novela averaged 2.4 million Total Viewers 2+, 1.1 million Adults 18-49 and 497,000 young Adults 18-34.
· At 10 p.m., "Que Te Perdone Dios" (Let God Forgive You) averaged 2.3 million Total Viewers 2+, 1.0 million Adults 18-49 and 458,000 young Adults 18-34.
· Airing "Sábado Gigante" (Giant Saturday), Univision ranked as the No. 2 network on Saturday night among both young Adults 18-34 and Adults 18-49, outperforming ABC, CBS and FOX in each demographic. "Sábado Gigante" (Giant Saturday) averaged 1.7 million Total Viewers 2+. 656,000 Adults 18-49 and 259,000 young Adults 18-34.
ü At 7 p.m., "Aquí y Ahora" (Here an) helped make Univision the No. 3 network among young Adults 18-34 in the 8-10 p.m. time period, outperforming ABC and CBS. The show averaged 1.7 million Total d Now) averaged 1.3 million Total Viewers 2+, 633,000 Adults 18-49 and 243,000 young Adults 18-34.
ü "Me Pongo de Pie" (Here I Stand) Viewers 2+, 850,000 Adults 18-49 and 331,000 young Adults 18-34.
ü At 10:03 p.m., "Sal y Pimienta" (Salt and Pepper) helped make Univision the No. 3 network among both young Adults 18-34 and Adults 18-49, outperforming CBS and NBC in each demographic. The show saw week-to-week growth among Total Viewers 2+ (+20% to 1.5 million), Adults 18-49 (+31% to 691,000) and young Adults 18-34 (+35% to 294,000).


Exhibition view: Martino Gamper, Hookaloti, Michael Lett (3 April–4 May 2019). Courtesy Michael Lett, Auckland.
A new exhibition inspired by a secret 12th-century language created by a German mystic has opened in Battersea. Through her paintings, the artist Sriwhana Spong explores the relationship between language and sounds. Sriwhana Spong : a hook but no fish is on at the Pump House Gallery until April.
The Australian War Memorial invited five New Zealand and five Australian artists to each create an artistic response to World War I (1914–19). These videos record the responses, thoughts, working processes, and printmaking techniques of the ten artists as they develop their prints in dialogue with Australian master printmaker John Loane.