text:
The Pleasures of Casanova
History of My Life
by Giacomo Casanova, translated from the French by Willard R. Trask
Johns Hopkins University Press, six volumes, 4,289 pp., $21.95 each (paper)
by Giacomo Casanova, translated from the French by Willard R. Trask, abridged by Peter Washington, with an introduction by John Julius Norwich
Everyman's Library, 1,429 pp., $35.00
Casanova's Women: The Great Seducer and the Women He Loved
by Judith Summers
Bloomsbury, 365 pp., $25.95
Giacomo Casanova; drawing by David Levine
In the popular imagination the Venetian adventurer Giacomo Casanova (1725–1798) is, above all, a smooth operator, the archetypal "man who loved women"—even if no one today could possibly believe such a sweet talker. Or could they?
Whether Casanova really did all the things he is known for is a question that haunts critical opinion surrounding his enthralling and immensely long book, History of My Life. Over the years this upstart son of Venetian actors seems to have insinuated himself into the palaces of cardinals and the arms of courtesans, hobnobbed with famous philosophers and notorious charlatans. By the time he was fifty Casanova—a/k/a the Chevalier de Seingalt, a/k/a the occult master Paralisée Galtinarde, a/k/a the spy Antonio Pratolini—had lived in Venice, Rome, Istanbul, Corfu, Paris, Geneva, Vienna, Marseille, London, Berlin, Madrid, Moscow, Warsaw, and Trieste. Ten years later—broke, ailing, and apparently cast aside by Fortune—he accepted a sinecure as the librarian at a nobleman's estate in Dux, a Bohemian backwater of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There, from 1790 to 1798, as blood flowed in the streets of Paris, Casanova scribbled away, recalling happier times, largely for his own amusement and consolation. As he said in a letter:
I write thirteen hours a day which passes like thirteen minutes. What pleasure it is to recall pleasures! But what pain it is to recollect pains. I amuse myself because I do not invent. What bothers me is the necessity I am under to disguise the names for I have no right to publicize the affairs of others.
Early chapters of his story, which he wrote in French, were read by the debonair Prince de Ligne (the so-called "first gentleman of Europe"), who enthusiastically compared them to Montaigne's essays in their frankness. But the book itself was never finished. Casanova had just reached the year 1774—and his return to Venice after nearly two decades in exile (because he was wanted for escaping from the Leads, the infamous prison in the Doge's palace)—when he succumbed to an infection of the genito-urinary tract. (Not surprising in one who had, he said, experienced at least eleven episodes of the "pox.") According to several witnesses, his last words were: "I have lived as a philosopher, and die as a Christian."
The manuscript of the History then drifted into the hands of a grandnephew, who sold it in 1821 to the Leipzig publishing firm of Brockhaus, which published it in a loose German translation (1822–1828). This was followed a few years later by a French text (1826–1838), edited and reworked by a Jean Laforgue, who had been commissioned by Brockhaus to polish the occasionally Italianate diction and tone down some of its sex scenes (even though the decorous Casanova is never graphic). All subsequent translations—including the one into English by Arthur Machen (1894)—necessarily followed this nineteenth-century travesty. Not until 1960–1962 did Brockhaus, in conjunction with Plon in Paris, finally print the original, to the joy of Casanovists around the world. Willard R. Trask expertly rendered this text into English in 1966, and his is the English version to read, whether entire (twelve volumes bound as six) or in the new abridged Everyman edition, which trims the narrative in half, for those with "other calls on their attention."
The memoirs themselves offer far more than some four thousand pages of genteel eighteenth-century sexual adventures. They provide a top-to-bottom survey of the glittering, shabby world of Europe before the French Revolution, from the douceur de vivre of the aristocrats to the desperation of the common people. The historians J.H. Plumb and John Julian Norwich have written admiringly of their portrait of the age, and writers as diverse as Stefan Zweig, Edmund Wilson, and V.S. Pritchett have found them compulsively readable. In a textual note to the Everyman edition, Peter Washington compares Casanova's History of My Life to Proust's In Search of Lost Time:
Characters recur; experiences are repeated in new circumstances, places revisited, philosophies assessed, adventures pondered, all with cumulative force…. As the author ages, shadows fall across the brilliant surface of his story. A Proustian sense of the passage of time appears, compounded by an equally Proustian need to understand the relationship between outward events and personal evolution.
To liken Casanova's History to a great novel may suggest that the autobiography verges on fiction. After all, even the most empirical memoir is constantly prey to cosmetic enhancement. Lives are chaotic, messy, and crowded with inessentials, while art requires order, themes, and a pleasing variety so as to transform the detritus of experience into an object of beauty. The temptation to sharpen or improve an anecdote can be irresistible. At what point does the merely artful pass into the fictional?
In Casanova's case, questions have periodically arisen about his overall reliability and truthfulness. (One nineteenth-century bookseller even argued that the whole History was made up by Stendhal.) Consider the book's most famous episode: Casanova's thrilling escape from the Leads, where he had been imprisoned for corrupting Venetian youth and being a general nuisance to certain men in power. Did he and a fellow prisoner actually break through the ceiling of his cell with a long metal bolt, and then scramble across the roof of the Doge's palace? Or did his patron Matteo Bragadin simply bribe the jailer to let him out?
As it happens, nearly all the evidence confirms that the account in the memoirs is essentially true. The escape was famous during Casanova's lifetime and, because he was obliged to retell the story so often, he actually published a short account of his "flight from the Leads" (1788). No one, then, questioned its authenticity. That he was the first person ever to break out of the famous prison was widely known throughout Venice. Previous inmates, with far better connections than Casanova, had never been able to buy their way to freedom. Today, virtually every scholar who has studied the Venetian state documents believes that Casanova escaped pretty much just as he says he did.
What about the lengthy conversations—such as the barbed exchanges with Voltaire—that add so much drama to the History's pages? Can anyone's memory be that good? In the case of the French philosophe, Casanova tells us that each night he scribbled down everything he could remember about his talks with the great man. The distinguished authority on Voltaire Theodore M. Besterman was convinced of the essential accuracy of their encounters. At several points, Casanova casually alludes to his trunks full of papers. Researchers conjecture that such memoranda, notebooks, and correspondence provide the basic foundation for History of My Life, even though most of this material is now lost (and much of it probably burned). All through the nineteenth century visitors to Dux would take away scraps of Casanova's manuscripts as souvenirs.
In general, scholars and biographers, such as the eminent Casanovist J. Rives Childs, admit that some elements in the memoirs may be embroidered, and that sometimes two episodes are telescoped into one, but that documents in archives, newspaper morgues, and record offices confirm most of what we are told about Casanova's public career as an adventurer, professional gambler, and occasional spy. Extensive endnotes to the Trask translation of the memoirs identify hundreds of the figures in the text, even those mentioned only by their initials or under patently false names.
Casanova disguised the identities of the more prominent women with whom he carried on, making it difficult to track down the people hidden behind the abbreviations C.C., M.M., Madame de…, and Mademoiselle XCV. But as Judith Summers shows in her excellent Casanova's Women, a good many of these figures have now been traced with reasonable certainty. (For example, the singer that Casanova first notices in her disguise as a castrato named Bellino is very likely Angiola Calori, later a well-known diva; Madame de… is the Baroness de Roll whom Boswell met in 1764.) Casanova tended to describe women as younger than they were—some tender beauties were often closer to thirty than to sweet sixteen. (It's been suggested that many of the ladies may have simply lied to him about their age.) Today Casanova's alleged intimacy with at least 150 women and some very young girls remains an impressive (or repugnant) number, yet it is hardly extraordinary by the contemporary standards of a serious coureur de femmes, rock star, or basketball player. The overall believability of his account also seems underscored by his willingness to mention occasional nights of impotence and faked orgasm, to acknowledge his incestuous feelings (and actions), and to confess that his sexual capacities greatly ebbed in his thirties.
In the end, it is obviously impossible to verify the more intimate details in Casanova's memoirs, though the book does strike most readers—as well as knowledgeable scholars—as a basically reliable account of an extraordinary life. Aspects of that life may be distressing to modern sensibilities, but they largely conform to what we know about eighteenth-century manners from Rousseau's Confessions and Boswell's journals. Autre temps, autre moeurs. Certainly, few books better convey the sheer, exuberant joy of being alive and young than these reminiscences. As their author writes in his preface:
Cultivating whatever gave pleasure to my senses was always the chief business of my life; I have never found any occupation more important. Feeling that I was born for the sex opposite to mine, I have always loved it and done all that I could to make myself loved by it. I have also been extravagantly fond of good food and irresistibly drawn by anything which could excite curiosity.
In his prime, Casanova was over six feet tall, darkly handsome, generous, decisive, and self-confident, a good dancer, funny, and passionately attentive to the people who interested him. From the moment he fell for a woman her surrender became the burning focal point of all his energies, thoughts, and schemes. "When a man is given time, he achieves his aim by attention, and when he is pressed…he makes use of presents and gold." Usually completely infatuated, if only temporarily, Casanova often plans to marry his current inamorata, though in the end he can't ever quite give up his freedom. Even then he seldom abandons the woman—instead he finds her a husband, lines up a new protector, or sends her home with gifts and money. Never aggressive or brutal, he refuses to take advantage of anyone who is tipsy, and reveals no taste for kinky fetishism or sadomasochism. Sex is vile, he insists, without "love." Though he may be a libertine, he always aspires to act as a man of honor. At least three times he generously helps pregnant women who have been jilted by their lovers. Ultimately, giving pleasure, he says, is far more important than receiving it.
In fact, the giving of pleasure drives these recollections. As Casanova feels the shadows closing in, he writes himself back into the sunny world of the past. His style throughout is clear and direct; he takes his time in setting up and describing a scene, and yet he lets nothing go on too long. His prose can be punchy ("economy spoils pleasure"), dramatic, lyrical, or philosophical. His amours actually take up only about a third of his narrative, leaving much room for discussion of financial ventures (the establishment of a lottery, the operation of his silk factory), the character of the cities and countries he visits, and the aristocrats, theater people, and con artists with whom he mingles. Above all, he does what he does best even now—he charms his audience.
Consider the memoirs' seductive opening, describing Casanova's earliest known ancestors. It could easily be mistaken for a sentence by Gabriel Garcìa Márquez:
In the year 1428 Don Jacobe Casanova, born at Saragossa, the capital of Aragon, natural son of Don Francisco, abducted Donna Anna Palafox from a convent on the day after she had taken her vows.
The surprise at the end—"the day after she had taken her vows"—characterizes the rhythm of the History as a whole. Consciously or not, Casanova packs his narrative with as many surprises and unexpected turns as life itself. Perhaps his great discovery as an autobiographer lies in showing that nothing we experience is ever entirely finished: the most unlikely people turn up again and again, and each time they add a new layer to a relationship.
From boyhood, Giacomo was educated to become a cleric, but as a teenager abandoned that vocation to begin trying out one new career after another: soldier, diplomat, fiddler, magician, con artist, factory owner, mathematician, professional gambler, secret agent, writer. As a man about Europe, he displayed as voracious an appetite for learning as for wine and women (he didn't much care for music). Horace and Ariosto were his favorite poets and he apparently knew their work by heart. He composed a history of Poland, translated the Iliad into Italian, brought out several mathematical studies, and hoped for a best seller with a five-volume Utopian romance set inside a hollow earth (Icosameron, 1788). As for non-Utopian romance, he slept with serving girls, actresses, several sets of sisters, opera stars, French aristocrats, at least three nuns, a few men, and his own daughter.
Several of these women appear and then reappear during his wanderings. For instance, early in life, Casanova spends some weeks on a country estate in Italy, and grows besotted with an adolescent chambermaid named Lucia. But she is so guileless and innocent that he never attempts more than the occasional caress. Wrong, wrong, wrong, he tells us, one of the darkest sins of his life. Why? Because he had awakened her sexual desires without satisfying them, and a few months after he'd gone back to Venice she ran off with a courier, a blatant scoundrel. End of story? Far from it, he notes, thus piquing the reader's curiosity. As usual, though, we are soon on to other adventures, and Lucia is forgotten.
Hundreds of pages and eighteen years later, Casanova finds himself in Amsterdam, where he idly wanders into a kind of nightclub:
It was a musicau—a dark orgy in a place which was a veritable sewer of vice, a disgrace to even the most repellent debauchery. The very sound of the two or three instruments which made up the orchestra plunged the soul in sadness. A room reeking with the smoke of bad tobacco, with the stench of garlic which came from the belches emitted by the men who were dancing or sitting with a bottle or a pot of beer to their right and a hideous slattern to their left….
A shady-looking character soon points out a Venetian woman in the shadows. Impelled by his usual curiosity, Casanova takes a chair next to her, but in the smoke-filled gloom it's hard to make out her features. Is she really Venetian? He is brought a bottle, gives her some change, and she offers him a painted kiss, which he refuses. She tells him a little about her past:
An estate in Friuli, eighteen years, a courier—I am moved, I look at her closely, and I recognize Lucia of Pasiano…. Far more than age, debauchery had withered her face and all its appurtenances. Lucia, fond, pretty, ingenuous Lucia, whom I had loved so much and whom I had spared out of delicacy, in such a state, ugly, repellent, in a brothel in Amsterdam! She drank without looking at me and without caring to know who I was.
Such shocks recur throughout the memoirs. One night Casanova attends a vocal concert, after which its star attraction—an old flame named Teresa Imer, later known as Mrs. Cornelys—passes the hat. As is his custom when in funds, Casanova gives generously to the singer, whom he hasn't seen in several years. But then:
I looked closely at a little girl of four or five years who was following her and who, when she reached the end of the row, came back and kissed my hand. I was extremely surprised when I saw that the child had precisely my features. I managed to hide it, but the little girl stood there staring at me.
This child, Sophie, will eventually become one of the main reasons that Casanova travels to England. In London he then meets a professional beauty named Marianne de Charpillon and realizes that he already knows her. Back in Paris, six or seven years earlier, he had been romancing a shopkeeper's wife and one afternoon had taken her to an expensive jewelry store. There a young girl of around twelve, in the company of her grandmother, was weeping because she could not afford a pair of earrings. To impress his new mistress, Casanova gallantly bought the earrings for the child. She has become La Charpillon. Now, all grown up, the seductress warns him not to fall in love with her, but he does—and is teased, toyed with, frustrated, fleeced, and finally driven to contemplate suicide. In the end, an embittered Casanova acquires a parrot and teaches it to say: "Miss Charpillon is more of a whore than her mother."
Still, of all the chance encounters in a crowded life none matches the romantic story of the mysterious Henriette, the great lover's greatest love. About their three idyllic months together in Parma, Casanova writes:
They who believe that a woman is incapable of making a man equally happy all the twenty-four hours of a day have never known a Henriette. The joy which flooded my soul was far greater when I conversed with her during the day than when I held her in my arms during the night.
One day, though, Henriette receives a letter that compels a return home to France. Casanova escorts her as far as Geneva. Having never told him her real name, she now asks that he never seek to find her again. Once her carriage drives off, the weeping lover goes back to their room at a hotel called the Scales—and notices something. "On one of its two windows I saw written: 'You will forget Henriette too.' She had written the words with the point of a small diamond, set in a ring, which I had given her."
Yet this isn't the end to what the critic Edmund Wilson called "one of the most attractive love affairs in literature." Many years later, Casanova happens to be passing through Geneva, with much on his mind. He idly takes a room at the Scales:
It was August 20, 1760.
Going to the window, I happen to look at the panes and I see, written with the point of a diamond: "You will forget Henriette too." Instantly remembering the moment when she had written the words for me thirteen years earlier, I felt my hair stand on end. We had stayed in that very room when she parted from me to return to France. I flung myself into a chair to indulge in all my reflections. Ah, my dear Henriette! Noble and fond Henriette whom I had so greatly loved, where are you? I had never heard or asked news of her from anyone. Comparing myself with myself, I decided that I was less worthy to possess her than I had been then. I could still love, but I found in myself neither the delicacy which was then mine, nor the exalted feeling which justify the errors of the senses, nor considerateness, nor a certain probity; and, what horrified me
—and here is the Casanovan realism—"I did not have the same vigor."
As it happens, Fortune still isn't finished with Casanova and Henriette. For, there comes a day, when traveling in the vicinity of Aix-en-Provence, that the Venetian's carriage breaks down near an isolated château and a heavily cloaked figure appears…. But readers should discover on their own what happens next.
Perhaps more important in Casanova's adult life than Henriette, or the delightful and innocent C.C., or that ravenous voluptuary—and nun—called M.M., was the Marquise d'Urfé, who once possessed the "finest bosom in France." But that was forty years before she meets our hero; what matters now is that she is immensely wealthy and entirely convinced of the truth of alchemy. Casanova has already passed himself off as a magus several times. Once, having met a man who proudly revealed that he owned the rusty knife with which Saint Peter cut off the high priest's ear, a hesitant Casanova confessed that he knew the location of its sheath, which he duly supplied for just a trifling consideration. That was amusing, but this rich noblewoman is serious business.
The obsessed Madame d'Urfé reveres Paracelsus, pores over rare alchemical manuscripts, and knows all about the magic properties of pentangles. Casanova quickly leads her to believe that he is an immensely powerful adept, an occult master able to topple nations on a whim. His powers derive chiefly from an "elemental spirit" named Paralis, with whom he communicates via number cabalism. Yes, Madame d'Urfé is graciously permitted to ask Paralis a question:
Trembling with joy, Madame d'Urfé writes her question; I put it into figures, then into a pyramid as always, and I make her obtain the answer, which she herself puts into letters…. She sees before her eyes the word which was required to decode her manuscript. I left her, taking with me her soul, her heart, her mind, and all her remaining common sense.
Needless to say, Casanova's acolyte is soon regularly underwriting his expenses (perhaps to the tune of a million francs), in the hopes of benefiting from his ancient and profound wisdom. Madame d'Urfé's most cherished dream is to transfer her soul into a young male body. Unsurprisingly, Casanova knows just the ritual that will allow Seramis, as he now calls her, to give birth to herself as a male child—it requires the assistance of a water sprite (actually a hot little number named Marcolina dressed in green) and some of the most difficult sex of the Venetian adventurer's career. That Casanova can give such a convincing account of himself as a crook and a charlatan adds to the plausibility of his memoirs.
Throughout his reminiscences, Casanova is constantly on the move—some scholars have speculated that he worked as a secret agent of the Freemasons—and he observes his surroundings with the eye of a sociologist. The streetwalkers in Vienna all carry rosaries, he says, so that they can tell the police that they are on their way to church. In Madrid he is shocked that he must leave his room at an inn unlocked so the Holy Inquisition can check up on him. What, Casanova asks, might they be so curious about?
Everything. To see if you eat meat on a fast day. To see if there are several people of both sexes in the room, if the women sleep alone or with men, and to learn if women who sleep with men are their legitimate wives, and to be able to take them to prison if their marriage certificates do not speak in their favor. The Holy Inquisition, Señor Don Jaime, is ever on the watch in our country for our eternal salvation.
As this suggests, Casanova possesses a dry, and sometimes self-deprecating, humor. Sassy Marcolina tells him that "I seemed to travel only to bring happiness to unfortunate girls, provided that I found them pretty." Once an unknown Parisienne offers the young Venetian a ride home late at night, and the pair dally together in the carriage. A few days later he glimpses her again at a salon and politely asks her to introduce him to the hostess. She replies that, unfortunately, she cannot, not knowing the monsieur to whom she is speaking. "I told you my name, Madame. Do you not remember me?" The noblewoman then coolly answers, "I remember you perfectly; but such escapades are no ground for claiming acquaintance."
Casanova's Europe is full of such distinctive characters. He encounters a gigolo nicknamed Count Six Times, spends an evening with that charismatic charlatan the Comte de Saint-Germain (who is never seen to eat and claims to be several hundred years old), and even "discovers" the rosy-bottomed Miss Louise O'Morphy, now immortal from Boucher's provocative portrait. In fact, every day seems to bring a fresh adventure. Casanova fights duels with aristocrats and discusses taxes with Frederick the Great (who admires his body). He banters with the Pope and walks in a garden with Catherine of Russia. Late in life, he even chats with Benjamin Franklin about balloon flight and with Mozart's librettist Lorenzo da Ponte about Don Giovanni (to which musicologists believe he contributed some plot ideas).
Notwithstanding the generally Chaucerian zest of his recollections, Casanova periodically reminds us that he writes as a depressed old man, in a godforsaken castle in the middle of nowhere. He confesses that after the Charpillon affair his youthful confidence began to diminish. By his forties his patrons and friends were dead and dying, and he was finding himself less welcome among the well-to-do. Women no longer flirted with him, and he often had to exert all his skill to win their favors.
Still, in his memories, he could relive some of the more delicious moments and, like the randy Wife of Bath, recognize that "I have had my world as in my tyme." There were those crazed weeks when M.M. led him into all sorts of excess. She owned I Modi, the little book of Aretino's postures, the one with the explicit illustrations by Giulio Romano. Perhaps they could try a few, he had suggested. "That is very like you," she had answered, observing that "some of them are impossible and even silly." "True, but four are very interesting." Happy times.
Giacomo Casanova led the kind of lucky, adventurous life that many people fantasize about when young—and then set aside for careers, families, children, respectability. Not this largely amoral yet winning social climber and cheerful amorist. He experienced the world as his own theater and seraglio, and then told us that, for the most part, it was all quite wonderful:
Those who say that life is only a combination of misfortunes mean that life itself is a misfortune. If it is a misfortune, then death is a happiness. Such people did not write in good health, with their purses stuffed with money, and contentment in their souls from having held Cecelias and Marinas in their arms and being sure that there were more of them to come…. If pleasure exists, and we can only enjoy it in life, then life is a happiness. There are misfortunes, of course, as I should be the first to know. But the very existence of these misfortunes proves that the sum of good is greater. I am infinitely happy when I am in a dark room and see the light coming through a window which opens on a vast horizon.
More by Michael Dirda
Rending the Veil
Algernon Blackwood: The Master of the Supernatural
The Cool and Funny Words of Frank B.
Michael Dirda is a Pulitzer Prize–winning critic for The Washington Post and the author of several collections of essays, including Classics for Pleasure and Browsings: A Year of Reading, Collecting, and Living with Books.
Barefoot Boy
'Knee Deep in the Hoopla'
Effie Traylor-Parkes
Neither Here Nor There
June 25, 1998 issue
Stefan Zweig and Joseph Roth
Letters Between Stefan Zweig and Joseph Roth
Thoughts on Autobiography from an Abandoned Autobiography
Not only have I failed to make my young self as interesting as the strangers I have written about, but I have withheld my affection.
At Lady Ottoline's


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Πέμπτη 26 Νοεμβρίου 2020
Greece's largest and most populous island, Crete .. from space
Greece's largest and most populous island, Crete, is featured in this image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission.
The two identical Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites carry radar instruments, which can see through clouds and rain, and in the dark, to image Earth's surface below. The sea surface reflects the radar signal away from the satellite, making water appear dark in the image, while cities on the island are visible in white owing to the strong reflection of the radar signal.
Crete extends for approximately 260 km from west to east, and is approximately 60 km across at its widest point. Crete is known for its rugged terrain and is dominated by a high mountain range crossing from west to east.
This includes the Lefká Ori, or 'White Mountains' in the west, Mount Ida, Crete's highest mountain, visible in the centre of the island, and the Díkti Mountains in the east. Crete's capital and largest city of the island, Heraklion, is located along the northern coastline.
Several other smaller islands are dotted around the image, including Gavdos, Chrisi and Dia.
Read more ESA
By Plakiassuites Rethymno Crete στις Νοεμβρίου 26, 2020 Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Always the sea ..
Beach Resort: Plakias suites
Crete 3rd best global destination in TripAdvisor Travelers' Choice Award 2020
The popular online travel/tourism platform released its 2020 Travelers' Choice Awards and Crete featured in 3rd spot. Only London and Paris bested the Greek island in popularity.
As the piece notes on Crete, it is the birthplace of both the king of the Olympian gods and of modern European civilization, dubbing it a Mediterranean jewel.
It's rich with archaeological and mythological history that's reflected in its ancient ruins and cultural attractions.
Soak up the charming atmosphere of Chania Town's Old Venetian Harbor or the fortresses and monasteries of Rethymnon.
The awesome Minoan ruins of Malia date to 1900 BC and majestic Mt. Ida is said to be home to the cave where Zeus was born.
Survey: Greece Among Top 3 Booking Choices for US Travelers
Greece is among the top three international destinations that American travelers are booking, according to a survey on tourism recovery in the post-coronavirus era released by the United States Tour Operators Association (USTOA).
The new findings from a survey of USTOA's Tour Operator Active Members on post-Covid-19 plans for recovery and resumption of business, found that Italy topped the list of destinations of choice, followed by Ireland, and in third spot Greece, Germany, and the UK.
"We saw Europe have a strong presence in last year's survey and PwC's survey the year prior, showing us that there is still strong interest and growth for European travel amongst US consumers," said USTOA President and CEO, Terry Dale.
It should be noted that half (50 percent) of USTOA members anticipate returning to Europe in the second quarter of 2021, 33 percent of which specifically named April 2021.
Two thirds (69 percent) of respondents to the survey conducted in late October, say they are confident or highly confident that guest bookings will increase in 2021 while nine out of 10 expressed their company's outlook for resumption of business in 2021 is optimistic or cautiously optimistic.
Indicatively, 63 percent of tour operator members reported an increase in new bookings in the last 60 days, while 29 percent reported no change with bookings remaining the same.
With regard to time of travel based on bookings made in the last 60 days, 92 percent of active agents said travel bookings were made for the third quarter of 2021, 79 percent for Q4 2021, 69 percent for Q2 2021, while 33 percent for first quarter of 2021. Additionally, 21 percent reported bookings for Q4 2020 and 60 percent for 2022.
In terms of average age of those who traveled or are booked to travel between July and December 2020, the survey reports 43 percent in the 56-74 age group, 26 percent – 40-55-year-olds, 15 percent in the 24-39 bracket, 8 percent 23 or younger and 8 percent – 75+.
According to the study, USTOA's active members named small group tours as the most popular travel product for 2021, followed by private groups, FIT, river cruising, small ship cruising, and classic group tours (25+ passengers).
Safety and wellness appear to have the strongest influence on consumers choosing a travel destination in 2021, followed by border reopening/government travel restrictions and lastly, distance/ease of travel to and from destination, value, and outdoor components.
Cancellation/refund policy was named the top most frequently asked question during bookings in the last 60 days, followed by queries about health protocols and health/Covid-19 insurance policies.
Lastly, with regard to re-opening business, active members named customer confidence as the biggest obstacle to operating in 2021, followed by border closing and confusion across countries/states and uncertainty of Covid-19 vaccine.
Other concerns included coordination of protocols across states/borders/suppliers, availability of rapid Covid-19 testing, flight connectivity, insurance coverage, news media cycle, and insecurity about suppliers.
Source GTP
Athens in top 10 friendliest European cities: Condé Nast Traveler
Athens is on the list of the top ten friendliest cities in Europe, published by Condé Nast Traveller (CNT) travel magazine.
"While Europe's best cities are often judged on their ancient history, intricate architecture, unrivalled art scene or amazing restaurants, sometimes what makes a place so great are its people," CNT wrote.
The Friendliest Cities in Europe
Galway, Ireland – 97.33
Dublin, Ireland – 95.81
Valletta, Malta – 95
Oporto, Portugal – 93.82
Lisbon, Portugal – 93.67
Bologna, Italy – 93.51
Edinburg, UK – 92.54
Reykjavik, Iceland – 92.4
Athens, Greece – 92.32
Helsinki, Finland – 91.76
Launched in the United States in 1987, Condé Nast Traveler is a market-leading monthly travel magazine. With its motto of "Truth in Travel", the publication provides enlightening content on a wide range of topics, including destinations, hotels, food and beverage, airlines as well as fashion, cars, digital, and grooming.
Minister: Tourism Not to Blame for Second Covid-19 Wave in Greece
Tourism cannot be blamed for the recurrence of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, said Greek Tourism Minister Harry Theoharis this week, supporting the government's decision earlier this summer to re-open to travelers despite the unprecedented conditions.
Speaking on pubic radio, Theoharis said that Covid-19 was a war and "in times of war, decisions are made based on data in order to achieve the best possible result".
"2020 was an extremely difficult year. The government had to ensure balance between its health obligations towards our fellow citizens and the gradual opening of the Greek economy which includes tourism," he said.
"We managed to find a much better balance than most European countries and that gives us pride," he said, adding that Greece has been recognized internationally for its success in safely opening to tourism.
Theoharis went on to add that Greece managed to safely handle approximately 6 million travelers this year, which was a significant gain for the Greek economy.
"Fears of an early second wave in the summer with the arrival of tourists have been dispelled and it is clear that the opening of tourism is not responsible for the second wave of the pandemic," he said.
Theoharis went on to reiterate the importance of the decision to re-open to travelers noting that it strengthened Greece's "brand name" and reputation as a country that was able to manage the Covid-19 crisis well, leaving the best impressions on visitors.
This, he said, was demonstrated by the number of awards Greek tourism and travel businesses and infrastructure, including Athens International Airport and AEGEAN airlines, won for enforcing strict protocols and ensuring safe travel.
"This demonstrates that protocols were followed with professionalism, seriousness and consistency, as should be the case," he said.
The minister lastly referred to a national tourism plan currently being drawn up focusing on short-term objectives including the best preparation for 2021 as well as on broader strategic actions.
Greece in Process of Forming 10-year Strategic Plan for Tourism
The Greek government is in the process of putting a 10-year strategic plan for tourism in place following the country's performance as a safe destination in summer 2020, according to Greek Tourism Minister Harry Theoharis.
Speaking on Monday during the 4th International Hospitality Forum (IHF), held in a digital format by the Hellenic Chamber of Hotels (HCH) and Phocuswright, Minister Theoharis said that Greece's decision to 'open' its tourism market this past summer, in the midst of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, showed results and led to a huge success story.
"None of us will reminisce 2020 in the future with positive feelings, as it is a year in which tourism has taken a serious blow at a global scale. Nevertheless, I firmly believe that we need to turn to the light and not let ourselves get lost in the darkness. Every big crisis can turn into a big opportunity if we focus on the light," the minister said.
"Especially for Greek tourism, for the professionals and the employees involved in the sector, the current health crisis has already worked as an opportunity to allow conscientiousness, dutifulness – filotimo – and caring for our fellow human beings to shine through," Theoharis said.
Referring to Greece's tourism performance in the summer, the minister said the country accommodated approximately 5 million foreign visitors, enforcing health and safety guidelines that were almost meticulously adhered to.
"Based on full-proof evidence, the number of confirmed COVID cases was minimal, down to a mere 0.03 percent among the tourists," the minister said.
According to Theoharis, the sector's performance led Greece to the top of all tourist destinations in Southern Europe.
"The health and safety protocols were followed without fail by all the hotels and therefore we managed to strengthen, more effectively than ever before, the brand 'Greece'," he said, adding that the country created significant credibility and trust reserves, which it can capitalize on in the tourism seasons to follow.
10-year strategic plan
At this point, Minister Theoharis announced that the tourism ministry is already in the process of putting a 10-year strategic plan in place.
"Tourism changes incessantly. The new facts require adjustments, innovation and creativity so that Greece can maintain the leading role it has conquered. Alongside this role, tourism can maintain its vital surplus value for the national economy as well for society at large," he said.
As underlined by the minister, the 10-year strategic plan for Greek tourism needs to be coordinated with the priorities of the RRF (Recovery & Resilience Fund). Based on these priorities, new funding tools will be formulated starting in 2021 and for the years to follow.
The minister then emphasized the importance of two terms: sustainable growth and digital reform – the two themes of the 4th IHF.
"The thematics of this forum are to-the-point regarding sustainability as well as the rapid integration of new technologies in all aspects of the global tourism market… These two factors will determine the touristic future of our country. They will thus safeguard that Greece remains securely at the top of global tourism in the years to follow," he said.
"The virtual organization of this event further testifies to the unshakable fact that our future is digital," Minister theoharis added.
continue GTP
Bougatsa with orange cream
By: Ioanna Stamoulou | 03.10.2019 | Desserts, Mediterranean Cooking
This delicious Greek pastry with cream ranks among the highest of any treats you have ever tried… Give it a try with an orange cream this time! It's amazing!
Serves: 8 Prep. time: 15′ Cooks in: 40′ Ready in: 55′
2 puff pastry sheets
For the cream
1 orange, zested
100 ml fresh orange juice
50 g fine semolina
30 g flour, sifted
For serving
Heat milk with orange zest on medium heat in a large heavy bottom pan.
Beat eggs with sugar and vanilla in your mixer bowl, add semolina and flour beating at all times. Add orange juice and beat until well-combined. Incorporate 1 ladle of milk in the egg and semolina mixture, beating at all times. Transfer mixture in the pan, stirring at all times and allowing to come to a boil. When it thickens, remove pan from heat. Allow to cool. Preheat oven at 180οC/fan.
Brush a clean surface with butter. Lay the first puff pastry sheet and brush with butter. Transfer half cream in the center of the sheet in a rectangular shape. Bring in the edges, brush with a little water and close in a packet. Repeat the procedure once more. Place upside down on a baking dish lined with non-stick baking parchment.
Brush the two bougatsas with butter and bake for 30 minutes or until nicely colored. Serve warm. Cut each bougatsa in four pieces and sprinkle with sifted icing sugar and cinnamon.
Greece's largest and most populous island, Crete ....
Crete 3rd best global destination in TripAdvisor T...
Survey: Greece Among Top 3 Booking Choices for US ...
Athens in top 10 friendliest European cities: Cond...
Minister: Tourism Not to Blame for Second Covid-19...
Greece in Process of Forming 10-year Strategic Pla...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Infinitus is a critically acclaimed beatboxing string trio known for their unique sound and upbeat performance style. Their repertoire features classical standards and original jazz/hip-hop arrangements and compositions. Formed in 2008 by violist Anthony Cheung, cellist Alex Cheung, and violinist John "Adidam" Littlejohn, Infinitus is quickly becoming one of North America's premier chamber groups.
Collectively, the members hold degrees from the University of Michigan and the Peabody Conservatory and have won local, national, and international awards. Infinitus has been featured on CBC, National Public Radio, OMNI Television and in numerous publications. They have released two albums, Infinitus and Christmas Fantasia, and have performed at some of the world's best venues, including a six-performance Lincoln Center Residency in New York City.
Currently based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Infinitus performs regularly as part of the Vancouver Chamber Players Concert Series and is on the faculty of the Thrive City String Boot Camp, the Saint James Music Academy, and the Vancouver Academy of Music.
Come early to enjoy performances by local organizations, including second-graders from Christ Methodist Church, and create your own instrument out of recyclable materials! Pre-show activities start at 9am.
After the performance, get up close and personal with real instruments in our instrument petting zoo.
The Chomp food truck will also be selling treats from 9am to 12:30pm.


text:
GB Company fined for health and safety breach in Northern Ireland
Feb 28, 2017 | Industry News
At Dungannon Crown Court, on 27th Feb, Vertase FLI Limited, a company based in Bristol, was fined £6,000 plus costs of £1,033 for one health and safety breach.
The sentencing comes after a Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland (HSENI) investigation into a workplace incident on 26 May 2015 in Omagh.
Vertase FLI limited was contracted to carry out a land remediation project at a mining site in the Gortin area of Co Tyrone, which involved welding large rolls of lining membrane together on reclaimed land. The incident occurred when workers were tasked with unloading a delivery of the geotechnical lining membrane from a curtain sided lorry.
The rolls of membrane had been transported on curtain-sided trailers and were being off-loaded on site using straps attached to lifting chains suspended from an excavator.
However the rolls of lining had moved during transport from the manufacturer. On opening the curtain side it could be seen that the rolls were unstable, but Vertase FLI Limited did not put sufficient measures in place to stabilise the load or to remove personnel from the area. As a result, an employee working for them was struck by a falling roll of lining membrane, weighing approximately half a tonne, sustaining serious injuries.
Speaking after today's hearing Anne Cassidy, an inspector with HSENI's major investigation team, said:
"Every employer must ensure that lifting operations involving lifting equipment are properly planned by a competent person, supervised and carried out in a safe manner.
"The dangers of a load moving in transit are well recognised and employers must ensure that all lifting operations are carried out without risk to those in the area."
This health and safety breach story was originally published on The Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland (HSENI) website, https://www.hseni.gov.uk/news/gb-company-fined-health-and-safety-breach-northern-ireland
HSENI is the lead body responsible for the promotion and enforcement of health and safety at work standards in Northern Ireland.


Calling this done. Have been a journey.
The task i set out for myself was to see what it takes to finish a whole scene all by myself.
Got alot of great critiques under the process that really helped me push this further.
Learnt a bunch and i really had a blast chipping away on this one (most of the time).


text:
Summer Reading List II: The Sex Lives of Cannibals
There are no cannibals, and Troost's only mention of the locals' sex lives is a penchant for biting off the tips of their lovers' noses out of jealousy. Still, this 2004 account of the author's time in the Republic of Kiribati [pronounced Kee-ree-bahs], when he accompanies his girlfriend to her new job as a foundation director, is a hilarious read.
He heads off to an island in the South Pacific which is hotter than Washington, D.C. in August, with humidity like a wet blanket. Unemployment is 70 %. Troost laments the scarcity of clean water, electricity, and variety in food. He has frightening encounters with sharks and the sheer power of the Pacific Ocean. And he meets the Poet Laureate of Kiribati, a crass 21-year-old from the UK who had the audacity to propose himself for the position, even enclosing in his letter a cheesy poem which incorrectly rhymed "Kiribas" with "me" and "tree." The government accepted his proposal, granting him a hut overlooking a lagoon, "to live the simple, literary life in Kiribati."
Even if snarkiness isn't entirely to my taste, I found Troost's narrative infectious. His prose could use some occasional polishing, but he admits as much: "As careful readers may have already surmised, I favor the ditches of digression." Perhaps his self-deprecation won me over. There's also his sympathy for the peoples of the region – think of nuclear weapons testing.
It turns out I have two things in common with Troost. One is that we both lived in the former Czechoslovakia in the early 1990s, and I recall his columns from The Prague Post (I'm still envious that he had such a position fresh out of college).
The other is that the rap hit "Ice, Ice Baby" figured for both of us as a harbinger of Westernization. In my memoir Slovakian Rhapsody (forthcoming – I'm hunting for an agent and have made public readings of this excerpt), I relate how a teenager had me transcribe the lyrics of the song for him so he could perform it at a high school dance. He bombed, couldn't even finish before being whistled/booed off stage.
Troost's scene takes place in a maneaba, a large communal hut where the elders and other villagers gather. After some traditional dances, "a group of boys marched into the center of the maneaba and they looked like trouble. They wore droopy shorts. And bandanas around their heads. They glowered menacingly. Someone turned on a boom box…."
The author anticipates the reaction of the elders, "who could recite their genealogies back five hundred years and more, who knew how to read the water and the sky, who knew how to build things as large as a maneaba without a nail, who knew, in short, how to survive on an equatorial atoll on the far side of the world."
Their response?
"I am saddened to report that [they]… smiled and nodded in time to the music, gleefully watching their grandsons prance around like junior varsity pimps. End this madness now! I felt like yelling. Trust me! It's for your own good. "
I know the feeling. And I share the hope that not everything will be ruined by commercialization. "Traditional singing and dancing existed not for the benefit of package toutists, but as a way to amuse and engage the people themselves once dusk put a definitive end to the day's work. The lagoons were clean, untampered with by clogging causeways…, and on the turquoise surface, men fished in skillfully crafted sailing canoes."
Finally, I've experienced the reverse cultural shock—upon returning to the U.S.—that Troost so vividly depicts in the end.
A worthy book indeed.
The Sex Lives of Cannibals: Adrift in the Equatorial Pacific, by J. Maarten Troost


text:
First Images of Mads Mikkelsen as Hannibal Lecter & Hugh Dancy as Will Graham in NBC's 'HANNIBAL'!
The first images have emerged from NBC's Hannibal series that was announced last spring, when director Bryan Fuller [Pushing Daisies] discussed the upcoming series starring Mads Mikkelsen as a young Dr. Hannibal Lecter. Hannibal also stars Hugh Dancy [Martha Marcy May Marlene] as Lecter's FBI partner, Lawrence Fishburne as their boss Jack Crawford & Scott Thompson. Ultimately the series serves as a prequel to The Silence of the Lambs, following Graham & Lecter in the early days of their relationship before all the drama over liking to eat human flesh. The series will arrive spring of 2013. Hit the jump for the details.
Click on images to view full size:
Images via EW. [via /Film.]
I'm reading: First Images of Mads Mikkelsen as Hannibal Lecter & Hugh Dancy as Will Graham in NBC's 'HANNIBAL'!Tweet this!


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Nigeria, but he's skinny so it should probably be Somalia.
Are u trolling or have a very little knowledge bout ethnics?
The US, Germany, the Netherlands.
Norway has around 80 000 Sub-Saharan Africans too. Norway has a total population of 5 million people, we have a total population of 10 million people.
It's a cryllic keyboard so maybe Russia or Bulgaria? Most people in those countries can't afford something like that though.


text:
Les chitinases (chitodextrinase, 1,4-beta-poly-N-acetylglucosaminidase, poly-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-1,4-poly-N-acetyl glucosamidinase, poly[1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide)] glycanohydrolase, (1→4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucan glycanohydrolase) sont des enzymes hydrolytiques qui s'attaquent aux liaisons glycosidiques des molécules de chitine. Plus précisément, elles hydrolysent les liaisons (1→4)-β des résidus de N-acétyl-β-D-glucosaminide présents dans la chitine et les chitodextrines.

Comme la chitine est le constituant de la paroi cellulaire des mycètes et de l'exosquelette de certains animaux comme certains vers et les arthropodes, les chitinases se rencontrent généralement chez les organismes qui ont besoin de remodeler leur propre chitine ou chez ceux qui ont besoin de lyser la chitine d'autres organismes, comme les insectivores.

Parmi les organismes qui se nourrissent de chitine, on compte certaines bactéries comme Aeromonas, Bacillus, Vibrio parmi d'autres, qui peuvent causer des maladies. Elles attaquent les arthropodes, le zooplancton et les mycètes ou se nourrissent des restes de ces organismes.

Les chitinases sont aussi sécrétées par les plantes, comme un moyen de se protéger naturellement des attaques des maladies fongiques et des insectes en attaquant leur paroi ou leur cuticule à base de chitine. Cette défense des plantes contre les herbivores et les parasites n'existe pas chez les myrmécophytes qui ont une réduction de l'activité lytique de la chitinase afin de favoriser la symbiose avec les fourmis.

Notes et références

EC 3.2.1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: get value of multi input text that have same name I want to get the values of input that have dynamique values and have same name
<form name="myForm"  onsubmit="return validQuantite()" method="post">
<input type="text" name="qt[]" value=""
<input type="text" name="qt[]" value=""
<input type="hidden" name="originqt[]" value="2"
<input type="hidden" name="originqt[]" value="3"
<input type="Submit" style="WIDTH: 120px; HEIGHT: 25px" name="Confirm" value="Confirm">
</form>

javascript
function validQuantite() {
    var x = document.forms["myForm"]["qt[]"].values;
    var originqt = document.forms["myForm"]["originqt[]"].values;
    for(var i=0;i<x.length;i++){
    if (x[i] == null || x[i] == "" || x[i] == 0 || x[i] > originqt) {
        alert("error Quantite");
        return false;
    }

    }
}

A: First thing check your html.
I did not found closing < tag for input.
<form name="myForm"  method="post"  onsubmit="return validateForm()">
<input type="text" name="qt[]" value="">
<input type="text" name="qt[]" value="">
<input type="hidden" name="originqt[]" value="2">
<input type="hidden" name="originqt[]" value="3">
<input type="Submit" style="WIDTH: 120px; HEIGHT: 25px" name="Confirm" value="Confirm" >
</form>

Your javascript should be like this:

You have to use value with x[i].

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Grindelwald is a Village in Bernese Alps, Switzerland. There is currently no additional information available regarding Grindelwald. Do you see any omissions, errors or want to add information to this page? Sign up.


text:
Q: How do I find the weights of the features after obtaining a model using svmtrain in Matlab? Currently, the model returns a model of type structure having the following properties:
SupportVectors
KernelFunction
KernelFunctionArgs
GroupNames
SupportVectorIndices
ScaleData
More details here:
http://www.mathworks.in/help/stats/svmtrain.html

A: If you used any non-linear kernel then obtaining feature weights is quite complex (it is possible, but far beyond simple).
In case of linear kernel you can retrieve the weight wector from the equation
w = SUM_i alpha_i SV_i

where alpha_i is a i support vector weight (from the struct; its sign corresponds to the label of the training sample) and SV_i is i support vector.


text:
Bringing a Goal to Life: House Considers Anti-Poverty Funding
Article Mar 12, 2008
Alternative budget proposed by the Progressive Caucus would provide funding for key steps toward the goal of cutting poverty in half.
Advancing Racial Equity and Justice, Building an Economy for All, Strengthening Health and Ending the Pandemic, Poverty+1 More
Julia Cusick
jcusick@americanprogress.org
At the beginning of the year, the House of Representatives adopted, without objection, a resolution advanced by the Progressive Caucus declaring support of a national goal of cutting poverty in half. Today, the House has the opportunity to bring that goal to life.
The Progressive Caucus Alternative Budget, which will be considered by the House of Representatives today, proposes a set of initiatives intended to advance the goal of dramatically reducing poverty. The Alternative Budget is one of a number of actions that the Progressive Caucus has taken under the leadership of Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA) to bring renewed attention to the importance of addressing poverty in America.
The Alternative Budget proposes to expand high-quality child care assistance and Head Start; make the Child Tax Credit fully refundable so that families with little or no income would qualify for the full amount of the credit; expand the Earned Income Tax Credit for childless workers and larger families; provide new block grants to states to develop broad anti-poverty strategies, including targeted grants to states for low-income families that have a parent or child with a disability; reverse cuts in child support enforcement; and other steps.
A number of the Alternative Budget recommendations—including expanding child care assistance, making the child tax credit fully refundable, expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit for childless workers and larger families, creating 2 million new housing vouchers, and ending restrictions on access to public benefits for legal immigrants—were among the recommendations put forward by the Center for American Progress' Task Force on Poverty in "From Poverty to Prosperity: A National Strategy to Cut Poverty in Half."
The Progressive Caucus has paired its poverty reduction strategy with a call for a new stimulus package and an emphasis on rebuilding and reinvesting in a more competitive economy, with renewed attention to the nation's neglected infrastructure needs.
The Progressive Caucus' Budget highlights the serious misplaced priorities of the federal government in recent years. It demonstrates how a renewed commitment to addressing poverty and promoting shared prosperity calls for new policies and new budget priorities.
For more information on the Center's policies on poverty, see:
From Poverty to Prosperity: A National Strategy to Cut Poverty in Half
The Latest Poverty, Income, and Food Insecurity Data Reveal Continuing Racial Disparities
Kyle Ross, Justin Dorazio
How Dehumanizing Administrative Burdens Harm Disabled People
Justin Schweitzer, Emily DiMatteo, Nick Buffie, 1 More Mia Ives-Rublee
The United States Must Deliver on Equitable Housing Outcomes for All
Ashfaq Khan
Expanded Child Tax Credits Have Been a Lifeline for Many
Christian E. Weller


On Wednesday, the Chancellor, George Osborne, announced the Government's latest spending review, which will see further cuts of £11.5bn to government spending in 2015-16.
Age UK Charity-Director General, Michelle Mitchell, responds, commenting on how this will affect older people.
'We are pleased that the Government has recognised the extent of the care crisis and in difficult economic times has decided to ease the burden on the health & social care system by investing in better integrated services.
'Age UK has long argued that poor social care results in avoidable additional costs to the NHS because of delayed discharges and preventable hospital admissions.
'This investment must reach frontline social care services if it is to make a real difference to the lives of vulnerable older people.
'Local authorities, who provide the lion's share of social care services, are facing budget cuts of another 10%, so the Government must ensure that today's announcement is not just used to plug the hole in council budgets.
'Better integration between health and social care is the right approach, but the social care system is on the verge of collapse due to a perfect storm of an ageing population and local authority spending cuts.
'Benefits such as pension credit and housing benefit are a vital lifeline to low income pensioners, providing millions of older people with an acceptable income level.
'The winter fuel payment is an important income boost for many people on a low state pension, providing a lifeline to many vulnerable older people and allowing them to worry less about their fuel bills.
Winter fuel payments are simple to understand and generally do not need to be claimed, avoiding the complexity of means-testing.


text:
Prodloužený (rozšířený) orgasmus je sexuální zkušenost považovaná za intenzivnější a extenzivnější než jakou popisuje definice běžného orgasmu. Zahrnuje řadu pocitů, spojených s bohatým a intenzivním orgasmem, může trvat od několika minut do několika hodin. Termín zavedla v roce 1995 Patricia Taylorová. Byl užit v její dizertační práci k výzkumu intenzivní sexuální zkušenosti 44 párů z různých sociálních zázemí.

Definice

Charakteristickými rysy prodlouženého orgasmu jsou aktivní pocity a kontrakce po celém těle, zejména v oblasti břicha, vnitřních stehen, rukou, nohou a genitálií. Dr. Taylorová popisuje vnímání energie rozšiřující se za hranice těla. Podobné zkušenosti byly zaznamenány ve studiích Dr. Jenny Wadeové  a David Deida

Výzkumy a teorie

Patricia Taylorová je americká autorka a lektorka, o sexualitě napsala několik knih. Získala bakalářský titul na Barnard College (Kolumbijská univerzita), MBA titul na Wharton School na Pensylvánské univerzitě a stala se obchodnicí na Wall Street. Její život se změnil poté, co se setkala s Kundaliní a Kashmir Šivaismem v roce 1985. Když prožila svůj první prodloužený orgasmus, začala se zabývat myšlenkou, jak tuto zkušenost předat dále. V roce 2000 získala titul PhD v transpersonální psychologii na International University of Professional Studies, což je neakreditovaná škola distančního vzdělávání . Veřejně vystupuje v různých výukových programech , má soukromou klientelu, bydlí v Marin County, Kalifornie.

Účastníci disertační studie Dr. Taylorové se dostali do stavu prodlouženého orgasmu užitím různých sexuálních praktik a metod. Nejvýznamnější čtyři metody byly: manuální autostimulace (60%), manuální stimulace partnerem (35%), soulož (30%) a orální stimulace (15%) . Dr. Taylorová shrnuje techniky sloužící k uvedení do takového stavu ve své knize "Expanded Orgasm" , na DVD  a ve svém výukovém programu "21 Day Program for Partners"

Odkazy na prodloužený orgasmus lze najít u dalších autorů: Osho, Margot Anand , Steve and Vera Bodansky , Alan a Donna Brauerovi , Bob a Leah Schwartzovi.

Dr. Taylorová uvádí, že muži stejně pravděpodobně jako ženy mohou přejít do těchto stavů a mít všechny zkušenosti vyjmenované výše.. Také Brauer  i Bodansky diskutují mužský prodloužený orgasmus.

Teorie biologických procesů nezbytných pro dosažení těchto stavů zahrnují postupnou a vyváženou stimulaci a zvýšenou činnost sympatického a parasympatického nervového systému, využívá se i tantrická praxe zapojení dýchací techniky do parasympatického nervového systému během sexuálních aktivit. Toto uvádí ve své knize Nik Douglas a Penny Slinger

Odkazy

Reference

Související články
Orgasmus
Pohlavní styk
Sexuální vzrušení
Erotogenní zóna
Masturbace
Orální sex
Tantrismus

Externí odkazy
Expanded Orgasm – disertační práce Patricie Tailorové
21 Day Program for Partners
Blog Patricie Taylorové
Extended Sexual Orgasm (ESO)
Sexual Secrets: The Alchemy of Ecstasy, Nik Douglas and Penny Slinger
Nácviková skupina Very Bodanské

Orgasmus


A bioterrorism attack is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs (agents) used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. These agents are typically found in nature, but it is possible that they could be changed to increase their ability to cause disease, make them resistant to current medicines, or to increase their ability to be spread into the environment. Biological agents can be spread through the air, through water, or in food. Terrorists may use biological agents because they can be extremely difficult to detect and do not cause illness for several hours to several days. Some bioterrorism agents, like the smallpox virus, can be spread from person to person and some, like anthrax, cannot. For information on which bioterrorism agents can be spread from person to person, please see the alphabetical list of bioterrorism agents.
Bioterrorism agents can be separated into three categories, depending on how easily they can be spread and the severity of illness or death they cause. Category A agents are considered the highest risk. Category B are the second highest risks and Category C are those agents that are considered emerging threats for disease.
They require specific enhancements of CDC's laboratory capacity and enhanced disease monitoring.
Bioterrorism agents are on the Nationally Notifiable Conditions list. Therefore, infection with a bioterrorism agent in the District is required to be reported to the District of Columbia Department of Health (DC Health). For a complete list of Nationally Notifiable Conditions, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.
DC Health has a syndromic surveillance system in place that collects emergency department data from hospitals within the District of Columbia. Based on chief complains, this system is designed to identify possible high priority bioterrorism agents such as Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, Clostridium botulinum.
For a complete list of Bioterrorism agents, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.
Physicians: To report Bioterrorism to the Department of Health, please immediately contact the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Administration at (202) 671-4222.
View a complete list of disease factsheets offered by the Division of Epidemiology- Disease Surveillance and Investigation.


I have been inspired by all the spring photos on flickr. I even went back through my old favorites to revisit old faves.
Great finds, especially the daisy shot. Amazing.
Thanks. I am loving all things spring these days!
Thank you! I love all the flower shots lately.
i love them all!! yay for spring!!


Having hosted the first Mayoral hustings in November last year and several since, we were impressed by the overall quality of the candidates. Earlier this month Sustainability West Midlands (SWM) congratulating Andy Street, as he was elected the first Mayor of the West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). Now the real work begins.
When Andy Street was Managing Director of John Lewis he had a range of key management data and indicators to help him and his team run the business. But apart from approval ratings – what are the key indicators he should be keeping his eye on in this new job?
As the WMCA Sustainability Delivery Partner SWM is currently contributing to the latest WMCA Single Economic Strategy annual review. Within this there are 3 key indicators we think Andy should keep an eye on.
1. Economic productivity. This is the reason the Government devolved powers, the promise of 'local knows best'. If he can't get local businesses, councils and communities to work together to help deliver this, then we won't be trusted with any more devolved powers and responsibilities from Government. This is the indicator the Government will want to talk to Andy about.
2. Carbon Reduction. Andy, like the majority of other candidates, pledged to make the region run on 100% 'clean' energy by 2050. The strongest and highest profile international networks and meetings of Mayors is around carbon reduction and clean energy. The United Nations and many multi-national businesses recognise this is where to find real global leadership, action and innovation. This is the indicator world leaders, other Mayors, and energy related investors will want to talk to Andy about.
3. Health inequalities gap. There will always be some people who live longer than others, however when there is such a marked difference in life expectancy between different areas within our region there is a problem. Some of the biggest factors in the quality and length of our lives is whether we have a job, a supportive community of friends, colleagues and neighbours, access and use to green space, and regular physical activity such as walking and cycling. These are all issues within the remit of the Mayor and partner organisations. This is the indicator ultimately the citizens will want to talk to Andy about – how can you improve the quality of life for myself and my children and their future? How can you make sure the benefits of an improved economy and environment are shared by all of us?
The good news is that SWM and our members and networks have been working together on projects to help improve these indicators over the last 5 years as part of our independent 2020 sustainability roadmap for the region. These 3 indicators and objectives are built into the heart of the WMCA Single Economic Plan, which Andy in his former role as Chair of the Greater Birmingham and Solihull Local Enterprise Partnership helped develop with partners.
The challenge is that to make real progress requires long-term committment over several Mayoral terms of local partners working together in the same direction. At the same time we all need to see some form of action to encourage us that change is desirable and possible. This is where we welcome initiatives such as the Mayor Mentor Scheme and a focus on Homelessness, at the same time as building the foundations for a strategic organisation to serve us in the decades to come.
What happens in the next 3 years of the Mayors term in getting this short-term and long-term balance right in terms of direction, partnership, and action will probably have a bigger impact on the future of our region than the results of the General election early next month.
SWM with our members and network are willing to continue to play our role as the Government recognised regional sustainability champion body and as the sustainability advisors to the leaders of the West Midlands.
Dr Simon Slater, Director of Policy and Partnership, on behalf of the SWM team.


A complete set of Snow White & The 7 Dwarfs made of white porcelain. About 5cm to 7.5cm tall.
• To purchase this item, please send an email to earthx02@yahoo.com.sg indicating "Snow White & The 7 Dwarfs White Porcelain Figurines 8pc Set" and your contact information. We will get back to you shortly.


Australia comprises six States that, when self-governing British colonies, agreed from 1901 to federate under a limited, central Government. Each of these colonies had its own legal profession, and after Federation these remained organised under State law and a State responsibility. Until the 1980s, the separate State professions grew differently. In some States the professions were divided between banisters and solicitors branches; in others the profession was fused. In some it was sufficient to be admitted as a lawyer to practise law in the State; in others an admitted lawyer also needed an annual practising certificate to engage in private practice. There were differences in regulation (and even in the 1980s some State professions were completely unregulated), differences in the disciplinary systems, professional rules, educational standards and training requirements. Australia also has a number of federal territories, which also had autonomous responsibility for their own legal professions and added even greater variety to this mix. (And I should add that, when I mention the 'States' in this paper, I include the federal territories — although legal professions are only found in the Australian Capital Territory, the Northern Territory and Norfolk Island).
That period of the State's splendid isolation, of autonomous responsibility for the legal professions, is over, and my purpose in this paper is to explain the beginning in 2004 of a period of cooperative federalism in the regulation of Australian legal professions and to sketch the new scheme of cross-border regulation of lawyers.
No evidence of copyright restrictions. Unpublished.


We gave the service 48 hours' notice of the inspection visit to ensure we had access to the office base and because we needed to be sure that they would be in.
Preferred Care is a domiciliary care agency. It provides personal care to people living in their own homes. The agency is a small service offering personal care and support to people living in North Lancashire.
The inspection site visit was on 15 May. We also visited the home of one person who received a service.
Prior to this inspection, as part of our planning, we reviewed all the information we held about the service, including data about safeguarding and statutory notifications. Statutory notifications are required to be submitted by the provider to the Care Quality Commission to advise of important events.
During the inspection, we spoke with two people who received a service and a relative. We also spoke with the registered manager who was also the owner, a senior carer and one staff member. We looked at care records of two people who received a service.
In addition we looked at records relating to the management of the service. We did this to ensure the provider/registered manager had oversight of the service and they could respond to any concerns highlighted or lead the agency in ongoing improvements. We also looked at staffing levels focusing on how staff provided care within people's homes.


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By Sean Fallon - July 20, 2020 09:52 am EDT
If you're just starting out with Dungeons & Dragons or you would like to replace your core rulebooks with fresh copies, you'll be interested to know that the D&D Monster Manual is on sale for only $19.70, or 61% off. That's only 22 cents off an all-time low price that occurred way back in 2018. The book contains over 150 classic Dungeons & Dragons monsters that players can use in their adventures.
You can grab a copy of the Monster Manual with the discount here on Amazon while it lasts. We don't expect the deal to go on very long as a sell out or a price change could happen at any time. You can check out the status of some of the other D&D starter essentials on Amazon below.
Dungeons & Dragons Dungeon Master's Guide (Core Rulebook): $26.48 (47% off)
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Home Sports Tiffany Rivers – Bio, Age, Everything About Philip Rivers Wife
Tiffany Rivers – Bio, Age, Everything About Philip Rivers Wife
There are several ways to gain popularity, even ones that may not have crossed anybody's mind. Although Tiffany Rivers like several other women, came to public notice for being the wife of a world-famous footballer, she later gained much more media prominence alongside her husband for her family size. Nine kids for a below-forty couple is not at all too small a feat to make headlines. Phillip Rivers and his wife Tiffany have shunned the prevailing birth control lifestyle to grab the biblical "your children shall surround your table" blessing. And in their own case, it must be a really big table!
Meanwhile, Phillip Rivers is a legendary NFL quarterback, presently playing for the San Diego Chargers. On November 4, 2018, he hit his 200th match milestone.
Tiffany Rivers Bio, Age
Tiffany Rivers was born in Decatur, Alabama, the U.S.A. in 1982. Some sources, however, hold that she is originally from Alaska. Being a private kind of personality, her exact birth date and other background details are not available on the media.
Tiffany grew up in her birthplace, the same town her husband was raised. She met and started dating Phillip Rivers way back in junior high, precisely in 1994 when they were both in their seventh grade. Although Phillip's family later left Decatur for Athens in Georgia, their relationship continued.
After five long years of dating, Phillip finally popped the big question. By then, he had just completed his freshman year at the North Carolina State University where he played in the college team. The lovebirds later married on the 19th day of May 2001.
At the moment, Tiffany and Phillip have nine children – seven girls and two boys. Isn't that phenomenal? The couple welcomed their first child, a daughter named Halle on 6th July 2002. Another daughter, Caroline followed in 2005. The third child and daughter, Grace arrived a year later. Then in 2008, they had their first son and fourth child, Gunner.
In 2010, the fourth daughter and fifth child arrived. The second son and sixth child, Peter soon followed the next year, 2011. Rebecca, the sixth daughter, and seventh child arrived two years later – 2013. Clare followed in 2015. Then baby number nine and seventh daughter, Anna hit the world on 27th March 2019.
All the Rivers except Anna image source
Having married and become a mother at a very young age, Tiffany has apparently not gotten the opportunity to pursue a career. She is primarily focusing on her wifely and motherly responsibilities in their family home in San Diego, California.
Facts About Philip Rivers Wife
1. She is a year younger than Phillip
While Phillip Rivers was born in 1981, Tiffany was born in 1982. At the time of their wedding, they were 19 and 18 respectively.
2. Tiffany became a Catholic a day before her wedding
Unlike Phillip who was born and raised a Catholic, Tiffany accepted the faith on the eve of their wedding. The couple has since been committed to the religion, raising their kids in the faith and never missing masses. Phillip himself has even made it a mandatory routine to receive the Holy Communion before any of his matches.
3. Co-founder of Rivers of Hope
In 2010, Tiffany and Phillip founded Rivers of Hope, a charity organisation which focuses on finding permanent homes for orphans aged 12 and above. They also provide financial assistance to other charities that support kids adoption. The couple, however, shut the foundation down in 2013 after deciding to take a "behind-the-scenes approach" to helping kids.
4. Recently Launched Hermosa Swimwear
On the 1st of March, 2019, Tiffany Rivers launched Hermosa, a brand of stylish but conservative swimwear in collaboration with her long-time girlfriend Marisa De Lecce. In a world where showing off all the skin in the name of swimwear prevails, Tiff and her friend Mimi discovered the need to provide the market with swimming costumes that show less skin. The brand name, "Hermosa" means beautiful in Spanish.
5. She Married Phillip when he had nothing
At the time Tiffany married Phillips, the latter had nothing – no dime to his name. In fact, it was Phillip's mother who told Tiffany that her son would marry her after Phillip had earlier shown her to his mom.
6. Her Family is everything to her husband – It's Phillip Rivers No. 1
Despite being a sought-after footballer, Phillip Rivers would have none of anything that will come at the expense of his family. Notwithstanding his burning passion for football, his family remains his top priority.
See Also: Renee Sloan Biography, Family, Facts About Scott Baio's Wife
Phillip was present at the birth of all his children except one. And all the kids confirm that he ever wants to be with them whenever he is not in the pitch. As for Tiffany, her husband is the most selfless person she's ever known! While Tiff greatly adores her hubby, Phil himself believes he would never have been able to get where he is today without his wife!
7. And Finally… Why the Nine Kids?
Wondering why nine kids from an 18-year-old marriage? Here's the answer: Tiff and Phil are devoted Catholics, and based on their Catholic faith, they say no to contraceptives. Moreover, their early marriage was also inspired by their faith as they had to maintain their chastity until they became husband and wife.
Peace Ezebuiro


Vettoriale - Hand Drawn Abstract Vector Seamless Pattern Of Tropical Exotic Fruit Pitaya.Dragon Fruit Pitahaya Illustration.Bright Desert Abstract Drawing.Tropical Vegeterian Food On Black Background. Image 116034609.
Archivio Fotografico - Hand drawn abstract vector seamless pattern of tropical exotic fruit pitaya.Dragon fruit pitahaya illustration.Bright desert abstract drawing.Tropical vegeterian food on black background.


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Q: jQuery not setting textContent I have a HTML file where I created my buttons and labels with for loop. (Django project)
Then, I tried to add some functionality using JS but my buttons don't work.
My failed part is +, - and update buttons with their functionality.
I don't know whether it is correct approach or not but I tried to differentiate my buttons assigning "button name"+{{product.id}} to their IDs.

{% for item in cart %}

{% with product=item.product %}

 {{ product.title }}

 Product

$ {{ product.price|mul:item.qty}}

            <button type="button" id="qty-decrease-button{{product.id}}" data-index="{{product.id}}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm increase-button"> - </button>

             {{item.qty}}

            <button type="button" id="qty-increase-button{{product.id}}" data-index="{{product.id}}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm decrease-button"> + </button>

            <button type="button" data-index="{{product.id}}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm update-button"> Update </button>

            <button type="button" data-index="{{ product.id }}" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm delete-button"> Delete </button>

{% endwith %}

{% endfor %}

My JS codes at the end of this HTML code is:
     // Update button

  $(document).on('click', '.update-button', function (e) {

    e.preventDefault();

    var theproductid = $(this).data('index');

    $.ajax({

      type: 'POST',
      url: '{% url "cart-update" %}',
      data: {

        product_id: $(this).data('index'),
        // product_quantity: $('#select' + theproductid + ' option:selected').text(),
        product_quantity:  $('#qty-show' + theproductid).text(),
        csrfmiddlewaretoken: "{{csrf_token}}",
        action: 'post'

      },

      success: function (json) {

        // reload page
        location.reload();

        // update cart
        document.getElementById("cart-qty").textContent = json.qty

        // update subtotal
        document.getElementById("total").textContent = json.total

      },

      error: function (xhr, errmsg, err) {

      }

    });

  })

</script>

Here you can see rendered HTML code:
(+/-/Update buttons does not work.)

If someone can help me for making these buttons functional, I would be appreciated!

A: counter is a jQuery collection, not a raw DOM element. .textContent is a property of raw DOM elements.
You can either access the raw DOM element, or use the jQuery API to stet text. Either do
var counter = $('#qty-show' + theproductid).get(0);

or do
x = counter.text();
...
counter.text(x++);


Call 715.831.3994 to make an appointment.
This apartment includes off-street parking, stove, refrigerator, washer/dryer available, and lawn care. Approximate monthly escrow is $44 per person.
This is a great apartment for students because of the close proximity to UWEC and Water Street. Security Deposit is due at the time of lease signing. Pets are prohibited.
Find close, student-friendly off-campus housing options and apartments near University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire (UWEC) and Chippewa Valley Technical College.
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Negative rates may not have found their way to bank deposits in most locales (yet), but that doesn't mean the public isn't starting to see the writing on the wall.
When NIRP failed to resuscitate global growth and trade, the cash ban calls began. The thinking is simple (if crazy): if you do away with physical banknotes, the effective lower bound is thereby eliminated. You can make rates as negative as you like because the public has no recourse as people aren't able to push back by eschewing their bank accounts the mattress.
If that seems far-fetched, consider that the ECB is seriously considering pulling the €500 euro note and the calls are growing louder for the Fed to drop the $100 bill. Of course officials are pitching the big bill bans as an attempt to fight crime - because only a criminal would pay with a $100. But the underlying push is for a cashless society wherein monetary authorities can effectively force citizens to spend and thereby boost the economy by simply making interest rates deeply negative.
One Japanese lawmaker brought up the soaring safe sales in parliament on Monday. "It suggests a vague sense of unease among the public," Katsumasa Suzuki remarked.
Perhaps "palpable sense of panic," better describes the situation.
In response to Suzuki Finance Minister Taro Aso could only muster the following: "There is money, but there is no demand. That is the biggest problem."


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text:
Supt. Drake: The importance of attendance
Written by: Jeff Drake
Category: Supt. News
It is hard to believe we are already halfway through the school year. Continuing an emphasis on the importance of daily attendance, I thought the following information would be of interest. Minnesota has a compulsory school attendance law which outlines various expectations and requirements. This information is contained in Minnesota Statute 120A.22 COMPULSORY INSTRUCTION.
Subdivision 1. Parental responsibility.
The parent of a child is primarily responsible for assuring that the child acquires knowledge and skills that are essential for effective citizenship.
Subd. 4. School defined.
For the purpose of compulsory attendance, a "school" means a public school, as defined in section 120A.05, subdivisions 9, 11, 13, and 17, or a nonpublic school, church or religious organization, or home school in which a child is provided instruction in compliance with this section and section 120A.24.
Subd. 5. Ages and terms.
(a) Every child between seven and 17 years of age must receive instruction unless the child has graduated. Every child under the age of seven who is enrolled in a half-day kindergarten, or a full-day kindergarten program on alternate days, or other kindergarten programs shall receive instruction. Except as provided in subdivision 6, a parent may withdraw a child under the age of seven from enrollment at any time.
(b) A school district by annual board action may require children subject to this subdivision to receive instruction in summer school. A district that acts to require children to receive instruction in summer school shall establish at the time of its action the criteria for determining which children must receive instruction.
Minnesota Statute 120A.22 includes legitimate reasons why a student can miss school. School districts may also have an attendance policy that includes other legitimate reasons to be excused from school.
Minnesota Statute states the following: Legitimate exemptions. A parent, guardian, or other person having control of a child may apply to a school district to have the child excused from attendance for the whole or any part of the time school is in session during any school year. Application may be made to any member of the board, a truant officer, a principal, or the superintendent. The school district may state in its school attendance policy that it may ask the student's parent or legal guardian to verify in writing the reason for the child's absence from school. A note from a physician or a licensed mental health professional stating that the child cannot attend school is a valid excuse.
The board of the district in which the child resides may approve the application upon the following being demonstrated to the satisfaction of that board:
(1) that the child's physical or mental health is such as to prevent attendance at school or application to study for the period required, which includes:
(i) child illness, medical, dental, orthodontic, or counseling appointments;
(ii) family emergencies;
(iii) the death or serious illness or funeral of an immediate family member;
(iv) active duty in any military branch of the United States;
(v) the child has a condition that requires ongoing treatment for a mental health diagnosis; or
(vi) other exemptions included in the district's school attendance policy;
(2) that the child has already completed state and district standards required for graduation from high school; or
(3) that it is the wish of the parent, guardian, or other person having control of the child, that the child attend for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate three hours in any week, a school for religious instruction conducted and maintained by some church, or association of churches, or any Sunday school association incorporated under the laws of this state, or any auxiliary thereof. This school for religious instruction must be conducted and maintained in a place other than a public school building, and it must not, in whole or in part, be conducted and maintained at public expense. However, a child may be absent from school on such days as the child attends upon instruction according to the ordinances of some church.
The school district ultimately determines whether or not the parent has demonstrated one of the listed exemptions, or one of the school district's additional exemptions. If parents/guardians are unable to resolve this on the school level, the next step would be to contact the district superintendent.
Of all the factors that can impact a student's success in school, consistent daily attendance may be the most important. The community's efforts and commitment in ensuring our child(ren) are in school every day is greatly appreciated.


Austrade's full suite of export services is available to Australian companies looking to grow their business in Singapore.
Austrade also works to promote the Australian education sector within Singapore and attract productive foreign direct investment into Australia.
For international investors and buyers – see below for the location of Austrade's office in Singapore and for links to further information.


text:
Our Friars
Little Portion Farm is a ministry of the Franciscan Friars Conventual, a religious order founded by St. Francis of Assisi in 1209. The companions of St. Francis, whom he called "friars minor" or lesser brothers, committed themselves to living lives of humility and service. Today, our Order consists of over 4400 friars throughout the world.
The name "Little Portion" comes from the Porziuncola, a small chapel in Assisi rebuilt by St. Francis and his early companions that became their home and that of Franciscans throughout the centuries. The farm carries this name both to call to mind this spiritual refuge, and to reflect the modesty of our work in caring for this "little portion" of creation.
The farm is a project under the direction of the Justice, Peace, and Integrity of Creation (JPIC) Ministry, directed by Friar Mike Lasky of Our Lady of the Angels Province. The JPIC Ministry oversees a variety of projects that seek to serve the poor and marginalized. This even includes the earth herself, who, as Pope Francis states in Laudato si', "is among the most abandoned and maltreated of our poor."
Friar Michael Heine blesses Little Portion Farm
Little Portion Farm is a ministry of the Franciscan Friars Conventual, Our Lady of the Angels Province. The farm is located on the property of the Shrine of St. Anthony in Ellicott City, MD.
Visit us at 12280 Folly Quarter Rd., Ellicott City, MD 21042
Contact us at (443) 585-8005 or info@littleportionfarm.org
To receive periodic updates about Little Portion Farm and learn about opportunities to get involved, please enter your email address below.
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