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Silversea 2017 Expedition Cruises
#expeditioncruising
SILVERSEA EXPEDITION CRUISES
Silver Discoverer in sub-Antarctic
Silversea's luxury expedition fleet will expand to four ships in November 2017 when Silver Cloud joins Silver Explorer, Silver Discoverer, and Silver Galapagos. Over 100 expedition cruises will explore the world's most fascinating and remote regions. Featured among dozens of inaugural calls are such places as Ampangorinana, Nosy Komba (Madagascar); Aride Island, Seychelles; Maheshkhali Island, Bangladesh; Makura Island, Vanuatu; Isle of May, Scotland; and Grimsey Island, Iceland.
Fresh from an extensive refurbishment and conversion to an ice-class expedition ship, Silver Cloud launches a series of Antarctica voyages in November and December, featuring itineraries from 10 to 19 days, and sailing mostly roundtrip from Ushuaia.
Silver Explorer in Greenland
Silver Explorer's schedule retains its ever-popular expedition cruises to Antarctica, South and Central America, the British Isles, Northern Canada, Greenland, and Arctic Norway. Of special note is a 15-day expedition (7719) focused on Greenland and the Canadian Arctic. Sailing 31 August 2017 from Kangerlussuaq to St. John's, this voyage features a rare visit to Canada's remote Torngat Mountains National Park, renowned for its spectacular natural scenery.
Silver Discoverer's six expedition cruises along Australia's Kimberley Coast from March to May highlight an exotic program that encompasses Madagascar, Seychelles, Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Russian Far East, and remote Alaska. On the schedule is a new 16-day, Colombo-to-Kolkata sailing (9704) departing 11 February 2017, to explore the Andaman Islands and make the first-ever cruise ship visit to Bangladesh, with explorations of Chittagong, Maheshkhali Island, and the Sundarbans, one of the world's largest mangrove forests and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Silver Galapagos will again operate year-round voyages exploring the pristine and biologically diverse islands of the Galápagos.
For all-inclusive at its most inclusive, Silversea is leading the way. Guests enjoy ocean-view suites, gourmet cuisine, the personalised service of a butler, and a generous selection of all-inclusive shipboard amenities, including complimentary beverages, wines and spirits, a stocked in-suite beverage cabinet, onboard gratuities, and complimentary WiFi for each guest.
Voyages for Silver Muse, scheduled to debut in early 2017, will open for reservations in the coming weeks.
For more information contact your travel professional or Silversea Cruises on +61 2 9255 0600 or 1300 306 872 (Australia) or 0800 701 427 (New Zealand), or visit www.silversea.com
Labels: Silversea
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Размер при предпросмотре: 429 × 599 пикселей. Другие разрешения: 172 × 240 пикселей | 344 × 480 пикселей | 429 × 600 пикселей | 550 × 768 пикселей | 733 × 1024 пикселей | 1361 × 1901 пикселей.
English: Making its debut at the Lincoln Center venue, The Heart Truth's Red Dress Collection Fashion Show unveiled its 2011 collection of red dresses designed to celebrate the Red Dress as the national symbol for women and heart disease awareness. More than 20 of today's top celebrities walked the runway in red dresses by America's top designers to inspire women to take action to protect their heart health.
® The Heart Truth, its logo and The Red Dress are registered trademarks of HHS.
Participation by Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week, Diet Coke, Swarovski, AOL, and Bobbi Brown does not imply endorsement by HHS.
текущий 15:49, 29 декабря 2011 1361 × 1901 (672 Кб) 11JORN +color.


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Lloyd Cos. honored among 30 exceptional family businesses
Summer break is a little different for the third generation of Sioux Falls-based Lloyd Cos.
The six kids, who range in age from 6 to 12, have been known to spend part of their time away from school learning in a real-world way within their family business.
There have been mock interviews with the Lloyd human resources department, meetings with the marketing department and education in accounting to begin to understand financial basics.
There's exposure to the day-to-day reality of running a major regional development, construction and property management company too.
"The kids have gone out and picked up garbage on the properties," said Christie Ernst, a second-generation member of the family business who serves as senior vice president of property management.
"They usually do that one day every summer, and Grandpa and Grandma will take them on a property tour and show them what we're working on around the community."
"Grandpa and Grandma" are Craig and Pat Lloyd, who founded the business in 1972 and have taken an intentional approach to transitioning the company into its next generation.
Craig stepped away as CEO almost five years ago, passing on leadership to his nephew, Chris Thorkelson. His three daughters also are involved in the business.
Ernst, who has served as board chair for the Prairie Family Business Association, recalls helping start the succession planning process a decade ago.
"We transitioned five years ago, but the work is never over," she said. "You have to keep the conversation going."
That commitment to family business best practices recently helped land Lloyd Cos. on a prestigious list.
Philadelphia-based Family Business Magazine marked its 30th anniversary by honoring 30 exceptional families it identified nationwide.
The family businesses were chosen for their significant progress in the following areas:
Creating family governance structures.
Developing sound policies to ensure the family continues as good stewards of the business.
Promoting harmony among the extended family.
Building connections among family members and encouraging their engagement with the business.
"These families understand that governance work is never 'done.' Stewardship of a family enterprise requires a continuing commitment to work together toward the common goal of staying in business as a family," the magazine wrote.
It's a philosophy shared by Lloyd Cos., where Craig and Pat remain part of the board of directors and where working on the family business is as top of mind as working in the family business.
Last week brought a perfect example, as the family held its annual meeting with a facilitator it found through being a member of the Prairie Family Business Association.
"Every year, we have to produce an owners' plan, and that tells the board what we want out of the business: for information, financially, the values we want to see, all those things," Ernst said.
"It's pretty easy for Craig and Chris and I who are really involved to say we're getting everything we need. But my sisters, Mary and Liz, and my mom aren't in the grind every day. So this is their chance to say what they need to feel comfortable staying invested in the business."
The family transition conversation started with a question from the facilitator: "Who wants Craig's job?"
While none of his daughters did, his nephew Chris showed interest. From there, "we outlined what it would look like, and the different things Chris would have to do to become CEO someday," Ernst said.
"We set a timeline for different events. He would become VP of construction and then VP of development and then chief operating officer, so he'd know all the parts of the business."
Craig set a date too.
"I think Craig originally said he was going to retire in 2018," Ernst said. "But his date kept getting shorter because we were hitting our milestones. Chris started hiring his own team, and Craig's team became smaller. Everyone who was newly hired reported up through Chris."
Craig now regularly spends part of the year out of state but receives regular project updates and has the ultimate decision on investments.
"And when he's in town, he loves to go through the sites, and he'll point things out," Ernst said. "And when project managers send pictures with their updates, he gets those, and it gives him a pulse and confidence for what's going on. If he sees something that concerns him, he'll speak up."
Looking back, Ernst credits strong communication – both among family members, the board of directors and to the company's employees – as key to the plan's success.
"I would say it went better than envisioned," she said. "I don't know that my dad would have ever retired. I think we would have just kept working alongside him. With so many businesses, families don't talk about it. And either the founder dies or they do decide to retire but haven't groomed anyone. And the next generation feels like they've worked there long enough and give up because they don't know what the future is."
Next-generation planning
The next generation of Lloyd Cos. will have a clear path into the business thanks to a foundation being created now.
Twelve-year-old Ellie, who is Ernst's niece, has started attending some family meetings and came along this summer on site selection for a new apartment community.
"We talked about what we liked about the various potential locations and why," Ernst said. "And we have her responsible for naming the apartment community and helping work through the floor plans."
Third-generation family members will have to work elsewhere before being considered for jobs at Lloyd, she added.
"We want to at least have them understand and appreciate the business with no expectation they will work here," Ernst said.
"Through Prairie Family Business, we've come to understand that if they're not happy and successful in another company, they're not going to be at your company either. We want them to be able to have that sense of accomplishment rather than a sense of entitlement."
The Lloyd family's approach serves as a strong model for others, said Stephanie Larscheid, executive director of the Prairie Family Business Association.
"The best practices this family demonstrates and the relationships they have helped foster within the association truly show the best of what membership has to offer," she said.
"We're so happy for their well-deserved recognition and continue to appreciate the leadership they bring to our organization."
Ernst's two children both say they want to work in the business, she said.
"And I say, 'Well, you're going to have to work really hard to make that happen because you don't just get a job here,' " she said.
The conversations and early involvement are making an impact, though. They recently talked about employees, and "that as owners we have a responsibility to them and their families," Ernst said.
On the way to a company picnic, her 11-year-old daughter, Libby, asked if her parents would let the kids know if there ever were financial problems.
"She said it's because they would want to help, that they would give up anything because they know how important the company is to us," she said. "That was pretty powerful coming from kids."
Tags: Lloyd Cos. Prairie Family Business Association
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Congratulations to Lloyd Cos. for being one of 30 families nationwide honored by a family business magazine.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Philips Norelco 1250X SensoTouch 3D allows for flexible and precise shaving. The Lift and Cut dual blade system lifts hair in order to cut it below the skin level without causing nicks and cuts. Coupled with the SkinGlide system, this rotary shaver ensures a smooth shaving experience.
An integrated pop up trimmer offers precise cutting of moustaches, goatees, side burns and even nose and ear hair.For optimum control, the handle is designed to have a slim, non-slip grip and an ergonomic shape. With the Aquatec seal, it can be used for both dry and wet shaving with or without shaving cream, foam or gel.
Maintenance is quick and free of hassle. The Jet Clean system keeps the razor hygienic and lubricated, and even charges it while cleaning. The specialized shaving tracks also catches different kinds of facial hair. The tracks include slots for the hairs with normal length, channels for the long hairs, and holes for the short stubbles.
Completely cordless, the razor is easy to bring during travels. Charging time takes one hour and the battery life reaches up to 50 minutes. This 50 minutes is already enough for 17 days of shaving. A three-level battery indicator can warn the user whenever the battery is full or low.
The razor also features a worldwide voltage function that adjusts from 100 to 240 Volts automatically. Along with its charging stand, protective cap and cleaning brush, the razor can be easily stored and carried anywhere in its pouch.
• Lift and Cut dual blade systemallows for comfortable cutting below the skin level by lifting the hairs up.
• A close and smooth shavecan be achieved through its SkinGlidesystem.
• The integrated trimmer can conveniently be used for cutting longer hair as well as facial hair at places that are hard to reach such as the nose and ear.
• Aquatec seal gives dry and wet shaving options.
• Jet Clean system makes cleaning easier, and charges the unit while cleaning.
The greatest feature of the Philips Norelco 1250X SensoTouch 3D is perhaps its three-dimensional contouring system. This technology addresses the issue of shaving areas that are curved such as the neck, jaw and chin.
• The 3D pivoting head flexes both inwards and outwards.
• The contouring system automatically follows the shape of any face.
Shaving is made more convenient because the flexible motion of the head requires less effort to glide across the skin. The head can be kept close to the skin with little pressure, and skin irritation can be minimized.
• Contouring: Thepivoting head allows for a close shave that follows the contours of the face.
• Comfortable shaving: The flexible movements minimize skin irritation and cuts.
• Pivoting headoffers a smooth shave on any part of the face and neck.
• Ergonomic handle allows for a comfortable grip.
• Soft travel pouch does not protect the razor well.
• Despite the many features, the razor can be expensive.
© 2019 MyElectricShaver.com. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: Font wont centre indiv on mobile Currently the script for a mobile responsive site doesnt work initially but onced refreshed or switched to landscape the script works and centers the text inside the div. I was having trouble placing the script in Jsfiddle. I have a placed a link to the live site, needs to be resized to mobile size. Problem is on the index (home page) http://www.matrix-scm.com
Below is the the javascript used:
//that one jquery plugin - ignore
$(function( $ ){

    $.fn.flexVerticalCenter = function( onAttribute ) {

        return this.each(function(){
            var $this       = $(this);              // store the object
            var attribute   = onAttribute || 'margin-top'; // the attribute to put the calculated value on

            // recalculate the distance to the top of the element to keep it centered
            var resizer = function () {
                // get parent height minus own height and devide by 2
                $this.css(
                    attribute, ( ( $this.parent().height() - $this.height() ) / 2 )
                );
            };

            // Call once to set.
            resizer();

            // Call on resize. Opera debounces their resize by default.
            $(window).resize(resizer);

            // Apply a load event to images within the element so it fires again after an image is loaded
            $this.find('img').load(resizer);

        });

    };

})( jQuery );

//actually using it

$('span.typeone').flexVerticalCenter();

$('span.typetwo').flexVerticalCenter();

$('span.typethree').flexVerticalCenter();

$('span.typefour').flexVerticalCenter();

Unfortunalty I'm new to the site so I dont have enough reputation to post images of the non working mobile site. If you check it in google chrome you can resize and refesh the index page to see the problem. Any help is much appreciated.
Many thanks
Dom

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Start Menu 7 was specifically designed to replace the often confusing menu in Windows 7 or old Windows. For your convenience, the interface has been developed with human psychology taken into account. Solve tasks in a simpler and quicker way.
Start Menu 7 offers many new features not available in the system Start menu.
If you have many programs, they will all fit onto the screen because you will be able to stretch the Start menu and resize it any way you like.
Start searching the Internet or your local computer right from the Start menu with just one keystroke.
Easy-to-use zooming allows those with large monitors and people with poor eyesight to work with comfort.
Start Menu 7 supports tabs and each menu item can contain any number of them.
Those who use the PRO version will also be able to use the features of one-click launch and quick un-install.


Earl grey infused honey, ripe figs, buttery puff pastry. Really is there anything not to like here? You only need a handful of ingredients. The puff pastry makes this come together so quickly, as it eliminates the need to make a pie crust, and the more rustic or imperfect it looks, the better.
It's sweetened with just honey, so those figs really get to be the star of the show and this ends up being a perfect dessert for those who "aren't really into sweets" just as much as for those that unabashedly enjoy dessert. With an optional (but highly recommended) scoop of ice cream and served warm, you've got this in the bag. Make it for a last minute dinner party, or just for yourself widweek like I did. Whatever occasion you make it for, do it soon, while figs are in full swing, because they are so fleeting!
p.s. Leftovers reheat well and make a very good breakfast, just saying.
p.p.s The tea flavor in the honey is subtle, but detectable. Feel free to steep the honey longer if you have the time for more pronounced earl grey flavor or use any tea you'd like!
Bring the honey to a gentle boil in a small saucepan, add in the tea and simmer for 1-2 minutes. Remove from the heat. cover and steep for 15 minutes. Remove the tea bags, if using. If using loose leaf tea, reheat the honey on low until it's liquid again and strain through a small sieve.
Slice your figs how you like, discarding the stems and far end slices. I cut mine lengthwise in slices about 1/4 inch thick but you could cut yours into wedges or horizontally as well.
Toss the fig slices gently in a medium bowl with the honey, cornstarch, lemon juice, and vanilla. Some of the fig slices will probably break apart if they are ripe but that's okay, you can hide those uglier pieces in the corners of the galette later.
On a lightly floured surface, roll the puff pastry out into a rectangle. You should be able to spread your puff pastry from 11"x15" to at least 12"x16" if not larger and the thickness should go from 1/2 inch to 1/4 inch thick.
Place the pastry on a parchment paper lined baking sheet and, leaving a 2 inch border free, poke holes with a fork all over the pastry (about 10 times).
Arrange the figs in whatever pattern you like in the center of the pastry. I put all the ugly torn fig slices along the border first so I knew they will be hidden when I fold the puff pastry over and saved the prettiest slices for the center. Try not to overlap the slices too much so they cook evenly. Once your figs are all arranged, pour whatever honey/fig liquid is left in the bottom of the bowl evenly over the figs.
Fold the edges up and over the figs, creating a 1.5 inch border over the fruit on all sides. Brush the edges of the pastry with egg wash and sprinkle with the course sugar.
Transfer to the center rack of the oven and bake for 25-30 minutes or until deeply golden brown and edges are very puffed. Some of the border will get pretty dark from the sugar caramelizing, but I think it's yummy that way.
Once you remove it from the oven, let cool slightly and set up, about 10 minutes and then serve still warm with ice cream.


The improvement of education and accelerated development of scarce and critical skills are urgently needed for South Africa to achieve radical economic transformation and growth. These were the words of SANRAL CEO Nazir Alli, when delivered a public lecture at the University of Limpopo on Wednesday, 18 March 2015, in Polokwane.
Alli visited the university as part of SANRAL's campaign to highlight the importance of education in the country's economic transformation and accelerated development of scarce and critical skills, which are urgently needed for the successful implementation of South Africa's National Development Plan. The campaign also involves raising awareness about SANRAL and its mandate.
He outlined some of the programmes initiated by SANRAL to address the issue of education and skills development, such as awarding of bursaries and scholarships to deserving students all over the country to further their studies at institutions of higher learning.
Other projects include SANRAL's support of two chairs which focus on transport matters – at the University of Cape Town and Stellenbosch. SANRAL also sponsors a chair in mathematics, science and technology education at the University of the Free State, and was working closely with the university and the Nelson Mandela Bay University to help high school learners improve their understanding of maths and science. He said SANRAL would also investigate how to partner with the University of Limpopo to accelerate skills development in the country.
"We believe that this contribution assists us in fully supporting the government's drive to increase economic growth through infrastructural development, and through that, address the problems of unemployment, poverty, inequality and the other social ills facing the country," Alli said. He therefore encouraged students to take their education seriously, as it will assist them to improve their lives, but more importantly, also help to alleviate the rampant poverty that the country is facing.
Alli also used the opportunity to educate the students about the role of SANRAL in infrastructure development in the country, and in the province of Limpopo in particular. He mentioned that SANRAL is a state-owned agency that was established to operate South Africa's national road network, and that the agency is responsible for strategic planning of the country's national road system, including financing, planning, designing, constructing, provisioning, operating and maintaining national roads, which are rightfully called South Africa's "economic arteries".
He highlighted that South Africa has an extensive road network of about 750 000km, the 10th longest network in the world, and that the agency is currently managing a national road network of about 21 403km, of which 85% are non-tolled and only 15% are tolled. Roads that are under the SANRAL network are generally in excellent conditions; this is made possible by the agency's technical know-how and expertise. By constructing and maintaining roads of world-class standard, SANRAL was therefore helping the government to implement the NDP, he said.
* The upgrading of R71 to Moria City, at a cost of R130 million.
He emphasised that these projects were going to bring tremendous economic benefits to the province, as well as create employment opportunities.
Finally, Alli paid tribute to the university for having played a role in the struggle against the injustices of the past, and for having produced prominent alumni such as Onkgopotse Tiro; Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa; Minister of Transport Dipuo Peters; and the late Minister of Public Service and Administration Collins Chabane. He urged the students to carry forward with this legacy.


A kitchen full of captivating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art & Math) activities that will wow the boredom right out of kids!
Packed with a whopping 70+ activities and recipes, this book will get the kids having fun and learning in the kitchen. Ever wonder what makes bread rise, what molecular gastronomy means, or how a solar oven works? You'll find out in this book that teaches and excites with fun hands-on science, technology, engineering, art, and math projects. It's STEM & STEAM made fun!
-- And so many more!!!
Bonus sections will help kids learn about the amazing science behind the food they eat, the innovators who have changed our world through the kitchen, and fun stuff like kitchen careers and more.
If you have any questions about this product by STEAM Kids Books, contact us by completing and submitting the form below. If you are looking for a specif part number, please include it with your message.


As you can see the modified tool performs favorably compared to the standard HSS and carbide tools, and I assure you they size and finish better as well. The trade off for this enhanced performance is a reduction in tip strength but most small lathes are not rigid or powerful enough to break a tip off, even with pretty aggressive cuts so it's an acceptable trade off.
These modifications are not some deep dark secret. They are simply an alteration to the standard angles in ways that are already known to reduce cutting forces. You just need to know what to change, when and how to change it, and by how much. Grinding these changes into the tool then becomes very simple and will allow you to tailor the tool to your specific lathe and needs.
If this interests you then follow along as we go over basic tip geometry, at least enough to grind a tool with, and discuss how these modifications can be made. I'll talk you through the thought process used to alter the tool we grind so you get a feel for what you'll be doing in your shop. Then we'll grind that tool on a belt sander, pretty much step-by-step, to solidify the concepts. We'll finish off by showing you the Knife Tool, a facing tool I can highly recommend. Due to the length of this discussion I will break it up into three parts.
Please understand that tip geometry and cutting forces are extremely complex subjects. Entire books are written about this stuff by folks far more knowledgeable than me. I am not an expert on this subject; my goal is to give you only enough information to get you started and I consider this discussion to be a supplement to your reading. Therefore, any opinions, inaccuracies or errors are my own. The angle modifications I am sharing here were derived from experimentation in my shop and work for me and my lathe; your results will vary. These changes are NOT necessary; you can grind standard tools just as easily.
Finally, I am not a technical writer, engineer or pro machinist – just a guy like you – so I will write this in a style and language that I am comfortable with.
Experienced guy warning: Having been a new guy myself I recall the early grinding days well enough to know where the confusion points are. Accordingly, I am going to repeat and re-emphasize some points frequently, in several different ways, so that it clicks for the new guy. This will also be very detailed and necessarily longer because new guys need detail in order to succeed. For you more experienced guys, my apologies for the nausea this creates. Please ignore me and move on.
As always, working with machines and sharp stuff can result in injury or worse. Please be careful and proceed at your own risk.
A far better option for grinding lathe tools is a simple belt sander, preferably one that uses 2" wide belts. These machines are cheap, widely available and surprisingly capable for home shop use. The smaller machines with 1" wide belts don't have enough width to grind a tool evenly, the platen is too flexible, the belts wear too quickly, and coarser belts are harder to find.
Belt sanders cut very fast and very cool when you use the right belt and a wax stick lubricant. Average grinding time for a 3/8" HSS tool is under 4 minutes and less than 2 minutes for a ¼" HSS tool.
With their wide flat platens they allow for simple tool alignment so facets are easy to avoid. This is far, far, far better than trying to realign a tool to a narrow round wheel that requires frequent dressing.
Belts are widely available, cheap, and do not require dressing, balancing, or conditioning. They also have a very good service life if used with wax lube.
Changing grits takes seconds and going from shaping to a mirror finish by stepping up through the grits takes a few minutes. Honing to a final polish is less than a minute away.
Belts will snap at the splice occasionally, especially if they are old. This will scare the crap out of you the first time it happens but I find that preferable to an exploding wheel. Know also that touching a finger to the edge of a running belt is very, very bad for you.
Most common belt sanders are not perfect in stock form. The OEM table is typically inadequate and needs to be upgraded to a solid table that can be quickly set to precise angles. The table should be made of steel to avoid sharp edges from catching and dragging as you move the tool across the belt.
The stock mild steel platen on these machines typically won't last long with any serious grinding done on it. I suggest buying a ceramic glass liner you can epoxy onto a flat (preferably ground steel) platen to greatly resist wear from grinding operations. Better known as Pyroceram, these liners are readily available from knife making suppliers for about $20.00 as of this writing. The key thing is that the platen remains flat and does not flex at all. Once the table and platen are handled a belt sander makes a fine tool grinder and will also handle most other grinding jobs in the typical home shop.
Fresh off the belt sander, all the angles in the diagram above have been ground into this roughing tool for steel. Despite the complexity of the diagram those angles are actually simple to grind, as you will see.
Lathe tools cut at a single point of contact so they are commonly called single point tools. This point is the interface between three surfaces – the side, the end and the top. Each of these surfaces is usually angled in two planes.
The words relief angle in the diagram above refers only to the vertical angle of the side and end faces of the tool tip. The words rake angle refers only to the horizontal angles of the top surface of the tool. The words edge angle have to do with how the tool is shaped; due to the wide range of shapes a tool can take these edge angles are not found in the typical angle table.
Relief angles are primarily clearance angles that allow the tool to cut at the tip and upper edges of the tool without the area immediately below rubbing against the work when the tip is set to center height. They are critical angles in that they form one half of the main cutting edge, the other half being the top rake angles. Relief angles affect finish, tool life, cutting forces and cutting temperatures. For a small lathe we want to use the largest relief angles we can get away with without weakening the tool. This is especially true with finishing tools where larger relief angles prevent rubbing and greatly improve finishes. Larger angles also enhance penetration of the tool into the work for all cuts, a good thing for a small lathe.
Rake angles direct chips away from the working area of the tool. Note that there are two kinds of rake: side rake and back rake . Of the two, side rake is far more important for a turning tool, while back rake angles are less critical (except on parting tools where back rake assumes the importance of side rake on a turning tool). Different materials require different amounts of side rake for efficient chip clearance. In general, cutting forces will run perpendicular to the side cutting edge and as the tool cuts the chips will follow the path of least resistance. Rake, particularly side rake, provides this path. Much of the heat in a cutting operation is carried off by the chip so clearing those chips efficiently will reduce cutting temperatures. Being the other critical half of the cutting edge side rake, and to a lesser degree back rake, has much to do with reducing cutting forces. Cutting forces and cutting temperatures decrease, and tool life increases as side rake and back rake become more positive up to an optimal point (MHB). Therefore, for a given set of rake values in a cutting tool table you want to go for the higher value for use on a small lathe to improve chip clearance and reduce cutting forces.
You may see the terms positive rake, negative rake or zero rake. Remember that the top of the tool has two kinds of rake – side and back – both can be positive, negative or zero. Just look at the tool from the tip: if the top surface angles away from the point of the tool then it has positive rake. If it angles toward the tip it has negative rake. If the top is flat the rake is zero. For a small lathe you should avoid a negative rake tool – the cutting forces are too high.
Edge angles define the tool's shape as seen from the top of the tool. They vary with the purpose of the tool and also by how much strength is needed at the tip. Tools meant for heavy cuts, like a rougher, will have more mass at the tip to handle higher cutting loads, while a finishing tool will have a more delicate tip appropriate to the lighter cuts it is meant to take. These angles are less critical than the other parameters and are really dictated by your needs for tip strength, finishing potential and access to corners.
The nose radius at the tip of the tool varies with the general purpose of the tool. Roughing tools will typically have a smaller nose radius, while finishing tools generally have a larger nose radius. Note that a large nose radius greatly increases cutting forces because it is constantly being pushed out of the cut. For tools up to 3/8" square it is best to limit the nose radius to a maximum of 1/64". You can go up to a 1/32" radius on a finishing tool but lighter cuts are necessary. When forming or grinding it you do not need to measure the nose radius with a gage – just estimate it.
Honing a tool after it is ground is a controversial thing. Many experienced machinists say they don't bother. However, any edge defects that occur during the grinding process will transfer to the work; we may not care too much about it for a rougher but for a finishing tool this is not a good thing. Since honing also extends tool life and reduces the need to re-grind a tool I can't see a reason not to hone a tool.
Honing is best done with a fine or extra-fine diamond stone. I prefer the solid surface stones on a steel base, not the plastic base with dots. If I need to do a lot of stoning I use a 2" X 6" stone . If I am honing after grinding a tool on the belt sander then I use the credit card size; they are cheaper and easier to handle. I use the fine stone to get off most grind marks and the extra-fine to obtain a nice homogenous surface. Maintaining your tools after this will take only a few strokes per face.
Hold the stone in one hand and the tool in the other. Focus your pressure over the center of the face and stroke in one direction lightly, preferably under a running stream of water. Keep your wrists locked to avoid changing angles and creating facets. I suggest honing the side and end first, leaving the top of the tool for last; this removes any burrs and leaves a very clean edge. Your goal is to remove all evidence of grinding marks. Be sure to catch the nose radius when honing. If you need the finest finish possible for your work hone the tool, then polish it on a translucent Arkansas stone and your tool will cut like a razor.
Now that we have a better idea of what all those confusing angles are and what they do, we need to see how they are used to make a lathe tool. Part 2 will look at the Angle Table, how we can modify the angles to reduce cutting forces, and we'll discuss the different shapes lathe tools can take.
In Part 2, we'll put it all together and grind a tool on a belt sander.
What type of tool post are you using?
The tool post is the wedge-style tool post from TS Engineering. Its far more stable than the piston-style post commonly sold for small lathes. Too bad TS Engineering left the market; they made good stuff.
Thanks Mikey, your guide has given me an insight into what mistakes I've possibly been making. I've been using a vintage grayson lathe to make a bell mouth out of 60mm mild steel bar. I've only managed to remove 5mm metal in 3 hours I now believe the cutting tools are wrong.
Chris, you're welcome – hope it helps.
The first few weeks in the shop in the 'lathe section' when I went to trade school were spent on grinding HSS tool blanks on pedestal grinders. Sure most people there were in their early twenties but it didn't take more than that time for people to be able to do the hand motion to make a flat surface without facets with the round wheel.
With a pail of cold water in front of the grinder you can rapidly rough out the cutter and finish grind it with the fine grit wheel while quenching to preserve the temper. It's really not a big deal to use the grinder this way.
In the job shop where I work some people sharpen tools with the belt sander but the round wheel type, not the flat type to shortcut and avoid facets.
For a home shop the only reason I can see to use a belt sander over a grinder would be that replacing the belts is easier and you are right about explosions, particularly near the end of life span when you get cheap about using bald belts/tiny wheels. If you can afford it I would grind my tools with a grinder then touch up with a belt or hone when they get dull.
All the rest of your information about geometry is very good and what I remember from school. After a while it becomes very intuitive and you basically know what a tool should look like for a given depth of cut/material ect.
Thanks for your comments, Jorge. A bench grinder works – no doubt about it. As I said, for an experienced machinist a bench grinder is fine, especially if he was trained with it and does it often enough to maintain his skill. I can freehand a good tool on a bench grinder, too, but I much prefer the cool cutting flat platen belt sander. Either way, as long as we can get the tool we need then that's what counts. My intention is to help the new guy get started and it remains to be seen if that is the result. I threw a lot of info out there and I'm worried it was too much. We'll see.
Have you ever use a lathe tool grinder.We are the supplier of lathe tool grinder in China.
I'm not sure what you consider a lathe tool grinder, Jacky. Are you referring to a tool and cutter grinder or a bench grinder? I have a lot of experience with a bench grinder and none with a tool and cutter grinder (mostly because they are very expensive).
For shaping lathe tools the belt sander serves the home shop guy well but if your company makes a tool grinder that is affordable I think we would welcome a video showing how it works. I would, anyway.
Welcome to MachinistsBlog, by the way.
Really need to give this a try.
I would be interested to hear how it works out, Max.
Well I gave it a go over the weekend. My disk /belt sander only have a 25mm (1″)belt on it. Used for sanding balsa and ply wood only. It worked great. Much better control on the sander than the bench grinder. I did have to alternate between the disk and belt to get the shape I needed, due to the belt support a few mm wider than the belt. Now I'm thinking of modifying my old little bench grinder into a twin 50mm belt sander. One fine and one coarse belt. That will give me a good excuse to upgrade to a better bench grinder too.
Check the How To section under Categories in the left menu bar.
Many thanks Mike,this is excellent.Congratulations!
I only found this site a week ago and I now see how to navigate around. As a knife maker I have good belt grinders with belt width of both 30 and 50 mm. I am going to make this into a project and hopefully I'll get to somewhere close to your proficiency.
Thanks for the compliment, Wally. I do hope it helps you. Grinding tools gets easier with a good grinder and it sounds like you have that already – you'll be very good at it in no time.
Yes, you can dip the tool.
i came across this 1/2hp hybrid 2×24 eastwood belt sanders for under $100, it looks promising.
It looks like Eastwood only stocks an 80 grit belt in this unusual 2×28″ size. 80 grit is a bit fine for tool grinding but it would work for general shop use. If you go for it, let us know how it works out for you.
have you try zirconia or ceramic?
I have only used AO on my tool grinding belt sander but use Zirconia on my 4 X 24 sander all the time. AO is cheap, readily available and works really well on my machine. I have not used ceramic belts so cannot attest to how well they work – sorry.
If I were to buy a belt sander today I would look for something that uses belts of common size. A 2 X 72 or even a 2 X 48 would be about right. The ready availability and cost of the belts is a big consideration, mainly because we cannot stockpile them for when we need them. The splice has a definite shelf life so they have to be fairly fresh.
For myself, and please don't infer any criticism of your choice here, I would not buy this sander because of the odd belt size. It might work for your needs, however, so go with what you think best, Fred.
Sounds like a great solution, Brian. Those 12″ disc sanders are usually very powerful and will take a lot of steel off in a hurry. I've used one on wood but never for grinding tools – please keep us posted on how you do with it!
Hi Mikey : I have a 9″ South Bend lathe and using the original tool holders (right and left hand offset and straight. In these holders the tool is angled up at a 7 degrees. It seems to me that this going to affect the angle that is set on the belt grinder tool rest. If this is so, how does one compensate and how many sides does this affect?
You're right. Using the lantern tool post does create a problem because of the built-in 7 degree angle the tool is presented at. This negates 7 degrees of relief so it would seem to me that you would need to add that 7 degrees to whatever angle you are grinding. For example, if you wanted 15 degrees of side or end relief you would have to set the grinder table to 22 degrees. For the rake angles, I would grind them normally and see how it goes.
My main concern would be getting the right relief angles ground so you get the clearance you need. You will need to take shallower cuts as the edge is not well supported but it should work.
Let us know how it goes. Maybe its time for an Aloris-style tool post?
I am also a new guy as you. And i wondered whether how the operation speed of the belt sander. After reading your article, it helps me understand several problems. Thanks!
The Craftsman belt sander has a 3450 rpm motor, which is just about right for a 42″ belt.
Give the belt sander a try. I think it will be easier to learn to grind tools on.
Parts 2 and 3 can be found where?
Just came in trying to use my belt grinder to grind HSS, also first time grinding. I didn't think it went very well at all, belt wears quickly on the edges for instance when I want to make a relief cut. I was thinking now here's a time when my homemade belt grinder failed me, usually I've made do without a regular grinder thanks to it. But for this application I didn't have much success. I have a slow motor on it, mostly used it to sharpen chisels and other tools.
Dennis, have you tried ceramic belts on your sander? I have and I found them to be far better than Aluminum Oxide belts.
It also sounds like your platen might be part of your problem. A platen should have square edges; not sharp, but square. I prefer a glass platen liner and find that my belts do not wear excessively on the edges.
I was using a 120 grit ceramic belt meant for a sorby grinder, it's what I patterned the grinder off, the platen is a piece of L-profile angle iron, the edge is pretty square on one side but not sharp, and rounded on the other. I meant the wear was on on the front of the belt, it stopped removing material, I spent 45 minutes last night working on a single piece and didn't really get anywhere.
I think I might not have enough speed to boot, 1400rpm 3-phase motor (4-pole @50hz), I have some homemade step pulleys so I can change the speed up a bit but nowhere near say the 3450rpm those cheap 1″ grinders you get in america does. I have some 4″ 40 and 60 grit zirconium belts, I need to split them though, my grinder takes 2″.
It's very good for what I use it for, sharpening HSS woodturning chisels, bench chisels, wood plane blades, twist drill bits, knives. None of these require such massive material removal on such a small portion of the belt though.
I've been using Red Label belts from Amazon lately and find them to be amazing. I use 36 grit to shape and 80 grit to finish shaping, then hone with diamond stones. Works good for me. I recently ground 9 model tools from keystock, one from M2 HSS and two tools from 5% cobalt HSS on the same belts and there is little noticeable wear.
You're not going to get it done playing computer games or surfing the net.


text:
Former Armenian President Signals Political Comeback
By: Emil Danielyan
April 20, 2010 08:54 PM Age: 10 years
The former Armenian president Robert Kocharian
Almost two years after leaving office, the former Armenian President, Robert Kocharian, has signaled his intention to return to active politics and possibly the country's leadership. A series of statements and actions by Kocharian and his political allies are widely seen as a challenge to the current President, Serzh Sargsyan, that could redraw the Armenian political landscape. However, whether it will lead to an open confrontation between the two longtime associates is still an open question.
A native and former wartime leader of Karabakh, Kocharian served as Armenia's second president since independence from 1998 to 2008. He kept a low profile after handing over power to Sargsyan in the wake of a hotly disputed presidential election and deadly street protests. The 55-year-old made few public appearances and, barring occasional written statements blasting the Armenian opposition, did not speak openly until recently. This did not prevent some local pundits and especially the pro-opposition media from speculating about Kocharian's desire to stage a political comeback and even regain power.
Speculation intensified after Kocharian paid a supposedly private visit to Tehran and held talks with Iranian leaders in late January. Less than two months later, he traveled to Paris and met the former French President, Jacques Chirac. The trip coincided with Sargsyan's official visit to Paris. Armenian expert opinion was divided over the implications of Kocharian's surprise diplomatic contacts, with some commentators portraying it as further proof of his impending comeback, while others suggested that he had coordinated his actions with Sargsyan.
On March 23, Kocharian gave an interview to the Armenian Mediamax news agency, containing a thinly veiled criticism of the current Armenian government's economic policies and in particular, its response to the global financial crisis. He dismissed a widespread view, shared by at least some members of the Sargsyan administration that the Armenian economy contracted sharply in 2009 because it had grown excessively dependent on the construction sector during Kocharian's rule. Just six days later, Kocharian issued another statement rejecting criticism of his policies on the Karabakh conflict voiced by opposition groups and even some pro-Sargsyan politicians (www.tert.am, March 29).
Sargsyan downplayed his predecessor's statements as he spoke to journalists on April 9. "I consider it normal when Kocharian expresses an opinion on one or another phenomenon. There is nothing strange about that," he said (Armenian Public Television, April 9). Senior members of Sargsyan's Republican Party of Armenia (HHK) also reacted cautiously to the criticism voiced by Kocharian. Observers noted that he chided the government following a public spat between a government minister and Gagik Tsarukian, a Kocharian-linked tycoon leading the Prosperous Armenia Party (BHK), the HHK's junior partner in the governing coalition. In mid-March, Tsarukian attacked the Trade and Economic Minister, Nerses Yeritsian, for stating recently that the economic crisis in Armenia was over. Yeritsian and Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan, who are both affiliated with the HHK, hit back at the BHK leader (www.armenialiberty.org, March 16).
Meeting in Yerevan on March 22, the day before Kocharian's first extraordinary statement, the HHK's governing board headed by Sargsyan issued a "strict reprimand" to Vartan Ayvazian, one of its members reputed to be a Kocharian protégé (www.hhk.am). Although the party gave no clear reason for the move, it was widely attributed to Ayvazian's public endorsement of Tsarukian's remarks. Some Tsarukian loyalists make no secret of their support for Kocharian's comeback. Robert Tovmasian, a BHK parliamentarian, was quoted on March 26 by the Iravunk newspaper as saying that it "at least would not hurt" Armenia. Another major party believed to support such a scenario is the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF, also known as the Dashnak Party). The nationalist party was allied to Kocharian throughout his decade-long presidency. It pulled out of Sargsyan's coalition government in April 2009 in protest against his fence-mending agreements with Turkey. One of the ARF leaders, Armen Rustamian, backed Kocharian's criticism of the government in a March 25 interview with Radio Free Europe. Artyusha Shahbazian, another senior ARF lawmaker, agreed that the former president "seems to be taking steps to return to politics" (www.news.am, March 24).
Kocharian himself insisted in a statement on April 8 that he has not decided to return to the political arena. However, Sargsyan claimed the opposite the next day. "I think that Mr. Kocharian has always been in politics," he told reporters. The dominant view among local analysts is that Kocharian has set his sights on the post of prime minister, whose current holder lacks political clout and is totally loyal to President Sargsyan. Some claim that his ultimate objective is the presidency itself. The Yerevan daily, Aravot, suggested in a March 24 editorial that Kocharian is plotting the kind of intra-government "conspiracy" that brought down his predecessor, Levon Ter-Petrosian, in 1998. However, Hayots Ashkhar, a leading pro-establishment daily, dismissed speculation concerning any serious discord between Kocharian and Sargsyan.
The main opposition, Armenian National Congress (HAK), led by Ter-Petrosian, took a similar view. "It is just that Kocharian no longer thinks that Sargsyan, whom he himself brought to power, will be able to guarantee his safe future," the HAK's central office coordinator, Levon Zurabian, told journalists on April 2.
Whatever is on Kocharian's mind, his ability to undercut his successor is currently limited. Sargsyan has a solid majority in parliament and controls key government bodies, the military, and the security apparatus. Ever since taking office, Sargsyan has steadily tightened his grip on power, helped by a dwindling threat from the HAK and strong Western support for his policy of rapprochement with Turkey. In what may have been a message to Kocharian, the Armenian president made clear on April 9 that he is "not going to change the government or the prime minister" and gave a mostly positive assessment of their crisis management.
The economic recession, from which Armenia is slowly emerging, may have increased popular discontent with the government but it has clearly not translated into stronger support for the opposition. Kocharian is probably the last person disgruntled Armenians would turn to at this point. He is, after all, the reason why so many of them took to the streets of Yerevan in February-March 2008 in the first place.
Nazarbayev's Role in the Kyrgyz CrisisNext
Erdogan Reconnects Turkish-Armenian Norm..
Britain & the North West Frontier: Strategy, Tactics and Lessons
The tribal areas of Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) fully deserve President Barack Obama's description as "the most dangerous place in the world". This remote and inhospitable region is only nominally under Pakistan's administration and its Pashtun tribesmen have a long history of opposing outside rule on their homeland.... MORE


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text:
The week in fake Washington
Nobody stops campaigning, it seems, even in the most official settings. | REUTERS
By Jonathan Allen
President Barack Obama stood at the White House Monday and held a thinly veiled campaign event, claiming that Republicans want to raise taxes on the middle class. On Wednesday Republicans will hold their own political event – voting to repeal the president's health care law, again.
Combined, that's the week in Washington, where posturing has become so ritualized that no one even slowed down to notice that the events were make-believe. Both give the illusion of governance, complete with the backdrop of the East Wing and the House floor, with zero expectation they'll affect the substance of government.
( Also on POLITICO: Obama tries for a tax wedge)
It's not that the two sides don't have serious differences on the issues. They do. That is what the election is about. But this week shows that framing those issues has become more important than actually doing something about them. Simply put: Nobody stops campaigning, even in the most official settings.
"Doing these things for political purposes is nothing new. What's new is that no one's even pretending this is being done for anything other than political purposes," said Dan Schnur, director of the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics at the University of Southern California and a former GOP political operative. "Back in the day, we used to pretend that these announcements were made for policy and governance and then we'd snicker off the record."
But this week, there's no pretending. Everyone knows: Taxes on middle-class voters aren't about to go up under any scenario. And "Obamacare" isn't getting repealed in 2012.
"It seemed very fake," Mary Kate Cary, a speechwriter for President George H.W. Bush, said of Obama's Monday speech. "Part of it was having people on the risers behind him, like a campaign event."
Obama, she said, engaged in "a lot of doublespeak" by "framing it as a tax cut for the middle class" rather than "just not raising them on the middle class."
But the framing is what matters these days and is an appropriate use of the presidential platform, argued Democratic strategist Karen Finney.
"From the perspective of the president and the White House and Democrats, it's important to drive the terms of the conversation. Democrats should put the Republicans on defense," she said. "Obama's actions today also highlight that instead of working on something that could have a real impact — like the tax issues — [Republicans] are using their time again playing politics on health care."
It hasn't always been this way, say old Washington hands who point to Bill Clinton's accord with a Republican-majority Congress to enact welfare reform in 1996, just months before his Election Day.
The irony, some political experts argue, is that the electorate is hungry for a bit of hard-to-swallow truth-telling.
"Now more than ever, with a public highly anxious about the economy and worn down after years of promises that things would get better, the time is ripe for a candid candidate," Kathleen Hall Jamieson, head of the University of Pennsylvania's Annenberg Public Policy Center, wrote in a recent Washington Post op-ed. "To win over the public honestly in 2012, a presidential aspirant would tell us things we need to hear but don't want to."
Cary pointed to Obama's "to-do list" for Congress, published on the White House website, as an area in which the president has come up short on serious proposals. The list includes a countdown clock — down to the second — until Congress's annual August recess.
"The list to me is not a very good list because it doesn't have Simpson-Bowles on there," she said of the bipartisan deficit-reduction plan outlined by a blue-ribbon presidential commission. "If Obama said, 'I'm endorsing Simpson-Bowles because I'm putting the country first,' I think it could play well. … It would really be a smart move."
Similarly, Democrats say Republicans aren't serious about fixing the country's economic woes or closing the deficit.
House Democrats put together a video bashing the GOP for focusing this week on another effort to repeal the health care law.
The opening screen: "Dear Republicans, stop wasting our time."
GOP leaders hope to put Democrats in swing districts in a tough spot on a law that is unpopular among Republican voters and some independents.
The vote comes despite a Supreme Court decision ruling that the law is in line with the Constitution and the fact that the repeal won't pass in the Democratic-held Senate.
Long-time observers say there's nothing new about political theater in official Washington, but the tone of the debate may be a little different this time around.
"This happens every election year," Finney said. "Part of what we're seeing this time is a more dramatic contrast" between Obama and the House Republicans who want to overturn his policies.
For his part, Obama seems to relish the fight — and the opportunity to frame his message before Republicans take up the tax extension.
"Let's not hold the vast majority of Americans and our entire economy hostage while we debate the merits of another tax cut for the wealthy," he said Monday. "We can have that debate. We can have that debate, but let's not hold up working on the thing that we already agree on."
Republicans say Obama's in fantasyland if he thinks they agree with his current position on taxes.
"Two years ago, President Obama said extending these same tax rates was 'the right thing to do' for the middle class, for jobs and for small businesses," House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-Va.) said. "The House will vote the last week of July to ensure taxes don't go up on anybody."
Obama's remark at the time was about a bipartisan package that included the extension of tax rates, unemployment benefits and the estate tax, among other provisions.
On Monday, he called on Congress to join him in "doing the right thing" by extending the tax rates for all but the top 2 percent of earners.
Schnur suggests there's a new shamelessness to the stagecraft.
"What was striking about the House Republicans' strategy is not that they developed it but that they announced it," he said. "What was striking about the president's announcement is not that there aren't potential policy ramifications but how clear it was that that wasn't his intent."
Mitt Romney,
Barack Obama,
Health Care Reform,


"When you're determining what asset allocation is best for you, you want a blend of each of those, depending on your risk tolerance and time horizon."
Like so many rivals—savory vs. sweet, Marriott vs. Starwood Hotels—when it comes to stocks vs. bonds, the real winner is a combo of both. Why? Because their differences actually complement each other very well.
When you invest in stocks, you're buying a share of a public company's assets and earnings. The value of your shares goes up and down with the company's financial well-being—or rather with investors' perception of that company's well-being. So they stand the chance to soar and give you great returns, or sink and bring losses.
Indeed between 1926 and 2013, the average annual return for stocks was 10.2 percent. But the worst year saw a 43.1 percent loss, while the best year offered a 54.2 percent gain, according to Vanguard data. Put simply: Stocks are risky, but potentially very rewarding over the long run.
When you invest in bonds, you're essentially giving a loan to an institution. And the corporation, government or other entity you're lending to is promising to pay you back—with interest—by a specified time. That means bonds are relatively safe as long as the entity stays in business. Over the same time period mentioned above, the average return for bonds was just 5.5 percent with a maximum annual gain of 32.6 percent and a maximum loss of 8.1 percent. Clearly, bonds offer lower risk, but also lower rewards.
Of course, some bonds are riskier than others because the likelihood of getting paid back varies. To gauge whether a borrower can honor its debt, check reports from ratings agencies that dole out grades ranging from "very likely" to "don't count on it." Moody's rates the least risky bets as Aaa and the riskiest entities as C; Standard & Poor's grades from AAA to D.
Similarly, the levels of risk and reward can vary greatly with stocks. For example, small companies tend to have greater potential for growth while large companies typically are more stable. Some high-risk "junk bonds" can actually be riskier than some high-quality stocks, which might even be able to supply some bond-like income with dividends.
Those nuances aside, though, the general thinking is that stocks equal aggressive investing and bonds skew more conservative. When you're determining what asset allocation is best for you, you want a blend of each of those, depending on your risk tolerance and time horizon.


text:
Mutinus borneensis , in Neuseeland auch als "Yellow Stinkhorn" bekannt, ist eine Pilzart aus der Gattung der Hundsruten (Mutinus), die zur Familie der Stinkmorchelverwandten (Phallaceae) gehört. Sie wurde erstmals im Jahre 1879 von dem italienischen Botaniker Vincenzo de Cesati beschrieben.

Merkmale
Zunächst bilden die Fruchtkörper von Mutinus borneensis ein weißliches, eiförmiges Hexenei. Bei Reife öffnet sich das Hexenei und es streckt sich das schlanke Receptaculum heraus, das 10 cm hoch und 1 cm breit wird. Das Receptaculum endet in einer stark verschmälerten, gelblichen Spitze, welche von der olivgrünen, übelriechenden Gleba bedeckt wird.

Verbreitung
Mutinus borneensis ist in China, Borneo und Australien beheimatet. Darüber hinaus konnte die Art auch in Neuseeland gefunden werden.

Ökologie
Bei Mutinus borneensis handelt es sich um einen Saprobionten, der auf Pflanzenresten und Totholz wächst. In Neuseeland, wo die Fruchtkörper im Sommer und im Herbst anzutreffen sind,  erscheint die Art in Steineiben- (Podocarpus) und Mischwäldern.

Nachweise
 C. E. Bessey: Botany. In: The American Naturalist. 20 (9), 1886, S. 804–808. doi:10.1086/274332
 N.-L. Huang: Notes on Phallales from Fujian China. In: Wuyi Science Journal. 5, 1985, S. 211–218. . (chinesisch)
 T. W. May, J. Milne, S. Shingles, R. H. Jones: Fungi of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2008, ISBN 978-0-643-06907-7, S. 140.
 Observation 19475: Mutinus borneensis Ces. auf: mushroomobserver.org
 Species: Mutinus borneensis. auf: hiddenforest.co.nz

Weblinks

Stinkmorchelartige
Phallales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Why insulate under my floor?
So, you've got your ceiling insulated, and are wondering if you should insulate under your floor also? In terms of heat loss, carpeted floors account for approximately 15%, but raised floors with exposed floorboards lose about 22% of heat. This figure increases to approximately 30% if you also factor in air draughts in floorboards. Given than ceiling heat loss is 35%, you should strongly consider underfloor insulation if you have exposed floorboards on a suspended wooden floor.
Underfloor insulation is typically done by using R2.0 Glasswool batts that are placed securely between floor joists, and then supported with either special staples or sometimes cement sheeting in high wind areas.
What will underfloor insulation do?
Underfloor insulation will increase the ambient temperature of the house by preventing air draughts between floor boards, and also by creating an insulating air pocket under the floor boards, helping to trap heat in the house. The floorboards will essentially feel like room temperature AND stop air draughts - a double bonus.
Is my house suitable for underfloor insulation?
Not all houses are able to have underfloor insulation. Houses with suspended wooden floors with adequate crawl space are able to have their underfloors insulated. Houses with bare wooden boards or only thin coverings would benefit more from underfloor insulation, especially if the wind is able to blow under the dwelling (which saps the heat away from the floorboards).
Floor coverings, such as thick carpet with underlay, provide a degree of floor-based insulation inherently, but will still benefit from a thick layer of insulation sub-floor (about 10 times thicker than underlay and carpet combined thickness).


New poll shows dissatisfaction with Chancellor's welcoming stance towards asylum seekers from Middle East and Africa.
Forty percent of Germans want Chancellor Angela Merkel to quit over her refugee policy after nearly 1.1 million refugees have arrived in the country in the past year, according to a new poll.
The poll for Focus magazine, conducted by the independent opinion research institute Insa, showed on Friday a sign of rising dissatisfaction with Merkel's welcoming stance towards asylum seekers fleeing conflict and economic hardship in the Middle East and Africa.
Yet, 45.2 percent out of the 2,047 German citizens questioned said they did not believe Merkel's refugee policy was a reason for her to resign.
It was the first time the pollster had asked voters whether Merkel should quit. The survey was conducted between January 22 and January 25.
Another poll also released on Friday, by the Elector Research Group, showed support for Merkel's conservative bloc was steady at 37 percent - as recently as September they were on 42 percent.
Support for the Social Democratic Party (SPD) was also unchanged at 24 percent.
The three ruling parties - Merkel's Christian Democrats, their Bavarian allies, and the SPD - are eager to show voters that the government is in control of the refugee crisis before three states vote in March and a general election next year.
Merkel has pledged to "tangibly" reduce the number of refugees and asylum seekers arriving this year with a range of measures in Germany, on the European level and with the help of international partners such as Turkey.
She struck an accord late on Thursday with her fractious left-right coalition to tighten asylum policies, notably by making it easier to send back arrivals from North Africa and by delaying family reunifications.
Earlier this week, the cabinet approved measures that are meant to make it easier to deport foreign criminals - a separate package that ministers drew up amid outrage over the New Year's Eve assaults in Cologne, which have been blamed largely on foreigners.


Football and academics had always meant a lot to Colin Morris.
He just never dreamt he'd get to do both in college.
The Saint Stephen's senior will sign to play football with Harvard University on Wednesday after playing just one season of varsity ball. Similar to all Ivy League school, Harvard does not offer athletic scholarships, though Morris said he will sign a letter of intent to play football with the Crimson next fall.
"I never expected I'd go to the next level and play," Morris said, "but it's great."
"Up until this point, my whole college decision was based on academics," said Morris, who said he may study economics. "Football is just a bonus, and I can't wait."
Morris visited the campus this past weekend and roomed with a student from Tampa. He got to talk with some of the football team's players and coaches, and he also got to tour the facilities of one of the best universities in the nation.
On the field, the Crimson went 7-3 last season and 4-3 against Ivy League opponents.
The signing will be a boost for Saint Stephen's, one of four area schools that debuted varsity football programs last fall.
"I'm so excited," Falcons coach Matt Kitchie said.
Other area athletes scheduled to sign Wednesday are Bayshore's Latravis Washington (Nebraska); Bradenton Prep's Jermaine McKenzie (Miami); Cardinal Mooney's Hunter Ovens (Virginia Tech) and Mike Connolly (Liberty); Lakewood Ranch's Brendan Choy (Ball State); Manatee's Austin Jensen (Florida Atlantic) and Spencer Hodges (Liberty); Palmetto's Joe Hills (South Carolina); and Southeast's Chris Hart (Liberty).


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Le potentiel de Morse, nommé d'après le physicien Philip Morse, est un modèle pratique d'énergie potentielle pour une molécule diatomique. C'est une meilleure approximation pour la structure vibrationnelle de la molécule que celle de l'oscillateur harmonique quantique car il comprend de manière explicite les effets d'une rupture de liaison, comme l'existence des états non liés. Il prend aussi en compte l'anharmonicité des liaisons réelles et la probabilité non nulle de transition pour les états harmoniques et les bandes de combinaison.

Fonction d'énergie potentielle
La fonction d'énergie potentielle de Morse est de la forme :

où  est la distance entre atomes,  est la longueur de la liaison à l'équilibre,  est la profondeur du puits (définie par rapport aux atomes dissociés) et  contrôle la « largeur » du potentiel. L'énergie de dissociation de la liaison peut être calculée en soustrayant l'énergie de point zéro  de la profondeur du puits. La constante de force de la liaison peut être trouvée en prenant la dérivée de la fonction d'énergie potentielle, à partir de laquelle on peut montrer que le paramètre, , est :

où  est la constante de force au minimum du puits.

Le zéro d'énergie potentielle est bien sûr arbitraire, et l'équation du potentiel de Morse peut être réécrite en y ajoutant ou y soustrayant une constante.

Énergie vibrationnelle
Les états stationnaires d'un potentiel de Morse ont les valeurs propres :

où  est le nombre quantique de vibration, et  a une dimension de fréquence, et est mathématiquement reliée à la masse de la particule, , et aux constantes de Morse par :

Alors que l'espace énergétique entre niveaux vibrationnels de l'oscillateur harmonique quantique est constant à , l'énergie entre niveaux adjacents décroît lorsque  croît pour l'oscillateur de Morse. Mathématiquement, l'espace entre les niveaux de Morse est :

Ce comportement correspond à l'anharmonicité des molécules réelles. Cependant, cette équation échoue pour certaines valeurs de  pour lesquelles  est nulle ou négative. Ceci est dû au nombre fini de niveaux de liaisons dans le potentiel de Morse, et aux ,  qui maintiennent la liaison. Pour les énergies supérieures à , tous les niveaux d'énergie possible sont permis et l'équation pour  n'est plus valable.

En dessous de ,  est une bonne approximation de la structure vibrationnelle réelle dans les molécules diatomiques ne pivotant pas. En fait, les spectres moléculaires réels sont généralement lissés par la formule suivante

où les constantes  et  peuvent être directement liés aux paramètres du potentiel de Morse.

Résolution de l'équation de Schrödinger pour l'oscillateur de Morse
Comme pour l'oscillateur harmonique quantique, les énergies et états propres du potentiel de Morse peuvent être trouvés en utilisant des méthodes par opérateurs. Une des approches possible est l'application d'une factorisation au hamiltonien.

Il est aussi possible de résoudre l'équation de Schrödinger directement. Par exemple pour le potentiel , l'équation de Schrödinger indépendante du temps s'écrit:

Pour simplifier cette équation on définit les variables :

De plus on a que :

Ainsi l'équation de Schrödinger devient :

On écrit  puis on étudie les comportements asymptotiques de l'équation.

Pour , l'équation devient  qui a pour solution . Pour , l'équation devient  qui a pour solution .

Ainsi on choisit l'Ansatz suivant  avec  une fonction à déterminer, on trouve :

qui correspond à l'équation hypergéométrique confluente :

qui a pour solution la fonction hypergéométrique confluente

où  désigne le symbole de Pochhammer (c'est-à-dire ).

Ainsi  et la solution de l'équation de Schrödinger est
.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

 P. M. Morse, Diatomic molecules according to the wave mechanics. II. Vibrational levels. Phys. Rev. 1929, 34, 57-64.
 I.G. Kaplan, in Handbook of Molecular Physics and Quantum Chemistry, Wiley, 2003, p207.

Voir aussi
 Mécanique moléculaire
 Potentiel de Lennard-Jones
 Potentiel de Buckingham
 Potentiel de Pöschl–Teller
 Potentiel de Stillinger-Weber
 Potentiel de Sutherland
 Potentiel de van der Waals
 Potentiel de Rydberg-Klein-Rees

Liaison chimique
Chimie quantique
Morse


How Our Club legally exist within RI. --- How Our Club is supposed to operate.
Much like the Constitution established the United States government, the Club Constitution establishes a new club. However, while the constitution forms a statement of existence and establish a few basic purposes -- bylaws elaborate the rules that govern the Club's operations. All Board and Committee members should read and understand the foundation of Rotary, International, and the Chatham Rotary Club.


Car Warning Lamp can warn the cars behind to keep space and avoid rear end collision.
This Swinging palm pattern car safety Warning LED Lamp can ensure the ultimate safety of driving.
Car Warning palm with blue Blue Palm Stop Light and STOP printed on its surface will be easily seen especially in the dark.
Stick it on the flat surface of rear position of vehicle and Connect the two wires to the car power system correctly.
Truck Night Light fits for 12V Vehicle only.


Want to go home a victor after a Nerf war?
Then, you need to gear up and get ready for the battle. No one ever goes into war without the right weapon and come out of it alive, much less unscathed. Well, okay, it happens in movies but not in real life.
With that in mind, get your pen and paper ready and start a list of tips and tricks.
With a range of Nerf products to choose from, you're sure to be armed and ready for battle. You should have a primary, secondary, and backup gun.
Your choice of weapon, however, should be appropriate to what you think you'll be up against. If you need to snipe, for example, a Longshot is recommended.
Turn a blaster into a more powerful weapon with a few modifications. Just make sure you don't end up ruining the original weapon though.
And we don't mean just ammo for all your weapons. You must pack food and water as well to keep you energised to keep blasting away until you wipe out all the enemies.
Now, it's important to just carry one backpack for everything to avoid juggling several bags during battle. With this in mind, avoid loading up too much. Bring only what you need.
Bring a walkie-talkie for easy and quick communication with other members of your team. This is especially helpful if someone is carrying out a reconnaissance mission. Stay updated and not in the dark.
Do this long before the scheduled battle. You'll be able to run much faster and hold your position for longer if you are physically fit. Don't underestimate the value of exercise even if you're just going into Nerf war.
Who will be on your team?
Do you need to rank people?
Who will be the defender, sniper, trooper, and the like?
Because it's advantageous to have more people on your team, make sure to work out the group details beforehand. Who will join which squad?
Increase your chances of winning with 3 squads. It will also help if you have backups, and that they know what to do should you need them to step up at the last minute.
You won't win a Nerf war without strategies in place. Now that you know who the team members are, sit down and think about how you can defeat the enemy. Start by knowing your opponents' strengths and weaknesses.
Lastly, gear up to cover and shield, not just conceal. Wear socks to muffle your movements, wear clothes that will allow you to camouflage with ease.
Aside from guns and other toys, they also carry a Globber Scooter to add to your toy closet and for more fun with friends. Use the same scooter to take you to the battlefield with ease. Check out Mr Toys Toyworld online when you're ready to buy Nerf products.


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Enhance your Apps with AI Download the Developer's Guide to Building AI Applications
By OReily
AI is everywhere. Once the sole domain of researchers and institutions, this technology has emerged in a wide variety of areas, including network infrastructure, platforms and services. With AI, software developers now have the means to build a variety of intelligent solutions. This report, A Developer's Guide to Building AI Applications, Second Edition, lets you take a look at AI's possibilities hands on. You'll learn how to create a virtual assistant – a conversational AI application that can understand language, perceive vast amounts of information and respond intelligently. Authors Elaine Chang and Darren Jefford will guide you through the many AI resources and capabilities now available to developers. Jump in and discover powerful and innovative ways to approach hard-to-solve problems.
Tags: ApplicationsArtificial IntelligenceWhitepapers
Edgify, Edge Computing Startup, Secures A Funding of $6.5M seed from Octopus and Mangrove
Gorilla Guide to Comprehensive Microsoft 365 Backup
3 Reasons Why Microsoft Office 365® E-Discovery Falls Short of Legal's Needs
Top 20 Private Cloud Questions Answered
Top Five Reasons for Microsoft 365 Backup
COVID-19 and Economic Turmoil: Save 30% by Discovering and Ditching Unneeded SaaS
The Ultimate Guide to AI in Customer Service
Credential-Stealing Malware: Remediation Guide for Government Agencies


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No More Pinochets
Michael Walzer famously asked if there could be a decent Left. Well, the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) proved that there certainly is no decent Right. The WSJ recent "After the Coup in Cairo" opined: "Egyptians would be lucky if their new ruling generals turn out to be in the mold of Chile's Augusto Pinochet, who took power amid chaos but hired free-market reformers and midwifed a transition to democracy."
Translation: Egypt is not generating enough profit for international capital. Therefore, the country's rulers should prioritize the liberty of the "free market" over the freedom of Egyptian citizens.
Missing in this paragraph is any historical, much less humanitarian, context. The early 1970s Chilean government of democratic socialist Salvador Allende suffered "chaos" partly due to actions by the Nixon administration to flood the world market with copper (Chile's primary mineral export), fund a covert propaganda campaign against the President, and sponsor disruptive activities by upper-class citizens. Despite these problems, Popular Unity's (Allende's electoral coalition) congressional representation grew in the 1973 by-election, indicating the growing popularity of his government's reforms.
The overthrow of the government on September 11, 1973 marked an immediate end to Chile's democratic socialization. Pinochet's "Chicago Boys" subsequent economic experiment dramatically increased poverty in the country, privatized pensions for nearly everyone (conveniently excluding the military leaders), and opened Chile up to unchecked neo-liberal thievery.
Chile's transition back to democracy was hardly due to the General and his junta's midwifery skills. In fact, a plebiscite in 1988 ended the dictatorship despite a large campaign by the government against a return to representative democracy. The election results, made famous to many Americans by the 2012 movie "No," was partly solidified when the Americans decided to recognize the votes. The message was clear: General Pinochet no longer could rely on Washington. The Cold War was over; capitalism had won. Embarrassments like Pinochet were no longer useful to D.C.
The American government then was honest in a way the WSJ was this week. For neo-liberals, if there must be a choice, then liberty and freedom of the market must triumph over democracy and liberties of people. If people are "irresponsible," as Henry Kissinger described the pro-socialist Chilean electorate, then one can justify a state intervening to correct a market failure. Freedom from state interference is only sacred for economies, not for the people who make them run.
David Duhalde is the Treasurer of Boston DSA. His parents met through Chile Solidarity.


Last year I was offered the opportunity to be the keynote presenter at New York City's Association of Legal Administrators' (ALA) annual symposium, whose theme was Embracing Change: Building Stronger Leaders for Tomorrow.
As I transitioned from college to work, I had to LEARN as much as I could.
As I honed my skills in my career, I had to LEAN IN and DEEPEN my expertise.
Later in my career, I had to lift my head and LOOK AROUND to see what I was missing and what trends were on the horizon.
When my first child was born, I had to LOOK INSIDE and clarify my personal values so I could integrate my professional and personal lives in ways that would satisfy me.
As I transitioned into a business owner, I had to learn how to coach and LIFT UP others so both they and we could be as successful and satisfied as possible.
My last transition is still happening as I think about the LEGACY I want to leave. This frames my thinking and my approach to how we lead our business. The loss of my beloved mother and the legacy she left reminds me every day of the power of relationships and the lasting impact we have on others—both professionally and personally—when we think not only of the work we do together but how we care about each other and make each other feel along the way.
I am grateful every day for how the content from The Leadership Challenge® helps me to be the leader of my own life. Two years before my mother died, for example, I gave serious thought to our relationship. I re-visited my values and decided to prioritize time with my mother. I live a busy life, travel frequently but am home on weekends. So, I asked my mother if we could have breakfast together every Sunday. She happily agreed and we set a goal to try every diner and breakfast place in mid- and southern-New Jersey. We loved our Sunday breakfasts together, learning more and more about each other. Often our morning breakfasts would turn into afternoon shopping and movies. On March 8th, 2017 while grabbing my luggage from a carousel at Newark airport, I got a call from my brother. My mother had suffered a brain aneurism. She never woke up and was removed from life support a week later. What I know for sure, is that I will never regret and instead am extremely grateful for our Sunday morning breakfasts together.
As I strive to live my values, I am confident I am Modeling the Way as I want the world to see me. Each day as I think about my legacy, both professionally and personally, I become a bit clearer on the actions I can take every day to get there.
Natalie Loeb is founder and CEO of Loeb Leadership, a certified women-owned business and a Global Training Partner of The Leadership Challenge®. With over 25 years of experience in executive coaching and known as an innovative business leader and strategic partner to her clients, Natalie leads her firm in the creation and realization of its vision: to help build high-trust cultures that inspire employees to change, collaborate, grow, and perform at their best—creating a positive impact on themselves, those around them, and their organizations and communities. She can be reached at natalie@loebleadership.com.


Acclaimed actor, writer and director Sidney Poitier will be acknowledged for his trailblazing achievements during the eighth annual African American Film Critics Association (AAFCA) Awards in February.
The AAFCA announced that Poitier, 89, whose nearly 60-year career paved the way for many African-American actors, will receive the Icon Award, the first of its kind in the ceremony's history.
Poitier, who was born in Miami and raised in the Bahamas, grew interested in acting as a child and pursued a career as a teenager. One of Poitier's more popular roles came as Walter Lee Younger in A Raisin in the Sun, the 1961 film classic written by playwright Lorraine Hansberry. But it wasn't until two years later as Homer Smith in Lilies of the Field that Poitier was recognized as a pre-eminent actor. The role earned Poitier an Academy Award for best actor, making him the first African-American man to receive the honor.
In 1967, Poitier once again received accolades for his performance in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner as a black man in an interracial relationship with a white woman — a rare and controversial sight that was often frowned upon in the 1960s and still remains taboo in some parts of America today.
Almost 50 years later, the film — which earned 10 awards and 22 nominations — is still iconic. It's one of the reasons that Robertson and the association chose to honor Poitier.


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Winter's crop of design books debuts on shelves
Design Books | Dec 29, 2015 |
Belated-holiday-gift givers, fret no longer: This season's selection of design books is ideal for presents and housewarming gifts. EAL's book roundup is stocked with history-buff-approved tomes, warm-weather inspiration and all-around design savvy. Scroll on for more on the best reads:
Sustainability and style converge in Bali: Sustainable Visions (Abbeville Press), by Isabella Ginanneschi, which showcases the usage of natural materials and tropical architecture. The work also includes interviews with Bali's ecological leaders.
Fabric is more than just home decor—it has historically represented power, wealth and status. Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles From Islamic Lands, 7th–21st Century, by Louise W. Mackie, curator of textiles and Islamic art at the Cleveland Museum of Art, explores the meaning of fabric throughout the ages, relying on illustrated examples from Spain, the Middle East, Central Asia and India, culled from the CMA's fine collection and from museums on four continents. The book is available in the museum's online store.
Organized into chapters on the main methods of construction (masonry, concrete, steel and wood), Construction Matters delves into the technologies that underwent major transformations in the last century, or were newly invented, such as innovative materials, a jointing technique or a fabrication procedure. Artist-journalist Lisa Larson Walker, mathematician-architect Will Shapiro, and artist-architect Sean Gaffney co-edit architect-educator Georg Windeck's book, which explores both the physical and metaphysical aspects of building.
The working relationship between Alfred H. Barr Jr., founding director of the Museum of Modern Art, and Philip Johnson, director of its architecture department, takes center stage in Partners in Design (The Monacelli Press). The book also provides historical background and context of the time of their work, the 1920s and 1930s, revealing the pair's relationships with luminaries like gallerist Julien Levy, who is credited with bringing surrealism to the U.S. It also features modernist illustrations, MoMA installation images and unpublished images of their apartments.
Hot off the presses: A roundup of the latest design books
Alberto Alessi debuts design book
Business author Keith Granet targets designers with second book
Rare design book makes Kickstarter debut
Farrow & Ball celebrates 70th anniversary
Christiane Lemieux offers look inside her new tome


The increasing use by Capita of Tier 3 linguists to fulfil court bookings is, perhaps, the most surprising statistic to emerge from the latest National Audit Office report on the implementation of the MoJ Language services contract. 91% of the court booking staff that were surveyed stated that they accepted Tier 3 linguists because Capita could not supply Tier 1 or Tier 2 linguists. It is difficult to see why Capita should be having any more difficulty in finding suitably qualified interpreters than it was 12 months ago. Compare the data supplied by Capita for November 2012 and November 2013.
In November 2012, Capita fulfilled 11,949 bookings, of which 96.5% were done by the 970 Tier 1 and Tier 2 linguists they claimed to be working for them. That works out at an average of 11.9 jobs per month. If we fast-forward to November 2013, Capita claims the number of Tier 1 and Tier 2 linguists has increased to 1401. If one assumes that the work rate of each linguist remains the same, then this number of linguists should be able to handle about 16,500 bookings, significantly greater than the 14,238 bookings that were actually fulfilled. In other words, Capita has more than enough Tier 1 and Tier 2 linguists to fulfil court bookings, without having to resort to offering unqualified Tier 3 linguists.
The data shows that in November 2013, Tier 1 and Tier 2 were only used for 90% of bookings (approx. 12,800) which works out to about 9.2 bookings per linguist. Over the course of 2013, Capita has been systematically reducing the work load on tier 1 and tier 2 linguists, whilst ramping up the utilisation of Tier 3. The increasing use of Tier 3 is nothing to do with the availability of qualified linguists. It is driven by Capita's desperate need to stem losses on the contract. Tier 3 linguists are paid less, so Capita has a vested interest in supplying a Tier 3 linguist, even though there may be plenty of Tier 1 and Tier 2 linguists that have offered to do the job.
Of course, the process by which Capita selects a linguist is completely opaque to court staff, who remain oblivious to fact that Capita is somewhat misleading them when it says there are no Tier 1 or Tier 2 linguists available. This could be remedied by giving court staff full access to the booking portal so that they can see for themselves who is prepared to take the assignment.
Finally, given the number of Tier 1 and Tier 2 linguists which Capita claims to be working for them, is it not time for the MoJ to ban the use of Tier 3 in criminal proceedings?