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2019 Hamburg European Open Betting Tips & Predictions
Hamburg will welcome some of the best tennis players in the world next week. The former ATP Masters Series event is for the 11th year in a row a part of the ATP Tour 500, and ten different players won the title during that span.
We will see a couple of top 5 players along with plenty of interesting names among the other guys, so the 2019 Hamburg European Open will be a pure joy to watch. Likewise, it will be an interesting week for the bettors, too, se let's take a closer look at top contenders.
Dominic Thiem and Alexander Zverev Top the Favourites List
World No. 4 Dominic Thiem and World No. 5 Alexander Zverev both had a disappointing Wimbledon, exiting in the first round. Therefore, Hamburg is a perfect spot for a redemption song, and these two guys are huge favorites to win the title. Ladbrokes offers 15/8 odds on Thiem and 11/2 odds on Zverev.
Besides an early elimination at Wimbledon, Dominic Thiem is enjoying a good season. The 25-year old Austrian has a 23-10 record in 2019 and won a couple of titles. Thiem earned his first Masters in Indian Wells along with a victory in Barcelona, while he reached the championship match at Roland Garros where he lost to Rafael Nadal in four sets.
Dominic loves to play on the clay court, and nine of his 13 titles came on the slowest surface. Thiem is 17-6 on clay this season and 130-44 in his career, so he's the top contender in Hamburg for a reason. Dominic will start his journey with a tricky match against the former Hamburg finalist Pablo Cuevas, while his eventual rival in the semis could be Fabio Fognini.
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On the other side, Alexander Zverev will play in his hometown which could be a decisive factor. Zverev had a lot of ups and downs in 2019, completely losing the self-confidence in the last two months. The 22-year old German lost four of his last six matches including a quarterfinal loss to Novak Djokovic at Roland Garros.
Zverev has a 25-14 record in 2019, winning one title in Geneva on the clay court, while he lost the championship match in Acapulco on a hard court. Alexander is 13-7 on clay this season and 71-31 in his career, winning five titles on the slowest surface.
Zverev will open against Nicolas Jarry which could be a difficult assignment for the World No. 5. Alexander defeated Jarry in three sets in the championship match in Geneva. Zverev could meet the 6th seed Laslo Djere in the quarterfinal, while Benoit Paire is a potential rival in the semis.
Fabio Fognini and Benoit Paire Wait for Their Chance
Attila Balazs (HUN) and Fabio Fognini (ITA) shaking hands during BRD Nastase Tiriac Trophy on April 28, 2012 in Bucharest, Romania
Fabio Fognini is set as the 3rd seed in Hamburg, but the 32-year old Italian continues to struggle with injuries. Fognini had to withdraw in Umag last week and it's still unclear if he's fully ready to play at the European Open. Fabio won the title in Hamburg back in 2013, and he's a 10/1 underdog to reclaim the trophy with Coral.
Fognini has an 18-12 record in 2019, winning the Masters in Monte Carlo. Since then, Fabio has appeared only at Roland Garros and Wimbledon. He will meet the qualifier in the first round in Hamburg, while Fognini is 206-141 on the clay court in his career.
Benoit Paire is another guy who could make some noise in Hamburg. The 30-year old Frenchman is enjoying a wonderful season, winning a couple of trophies in Lyon and Marrakech on the clay court. Ladbrokes offers 20/1 odds on Benoit to win the title in Hamburg.
Paire is 15-4 on clay this season and 79-71 in his career, so this tournament is another chance for Benoit to prove his good form. He will have a tall task in the opening round, meeting his compatriot Jeremy Chardy, while another Frenchman Richard Gasquet is looming in the second round.
Who's Sitting in the Ambush?
The defending champion Nikoloz Basilashvili is the 4th seed here, but the bookies would be surprised if he retains the title. As I've already mentioned, no one managed to defend the trophy in the last ten years, while Basilashvili is far away from his best form. He's an 18/1 underdog to retain the trophy with Betfair.
Nikoloz is just 15-16 this season, losing six of his 11 matches on the clay court. Also, Basilashvili lost five of his previous six matches. He'll start against the qualifier in Hamburg, while Juan Londero is the potential rival in the second round.
The 8th-seeded Cristian Garin could be a pleasant surprise. World No. 37 has a 22-11 record in 2019, winning a couple of titles on the clay court in Munich and Houston. Likewise, Garin lost the championship match in Sao Paulo on clay, too.
Laslo Djere has a tough draw in Hamburg this year. The 24-year old Serbian meets his compatriot Filip Krajinovic in the first round, while the former Hamburg champion Martin Klizan is lurking in the second round. Djere is set as 25/1 out-of-towner to win the title with Ladbrokes.
Leonardo Mayer, Juan Londero, and Pablo Carreno Busta are all unseeded, but keep your eyes on these three players who could bring some nice wages during the tournament. The price on Mayer to win the title here is 22/1 with BetVictor; Londero is set at 25/1 odds, while Carreno Busta is a huge 33/1 underdog with Coral.
Hamburg 2019 European Open Betting Tips
Dominic Thiem is my first choice to win the 2019 European Open at 11/4 with BetVictor, especially because Fabio Fognini has injury problems and could easily exit before the semifinals. I expect a thrilling match between Thiem and Cuevas in the first round, and if Dominic wins it, he will have an open road to the final.
Alexander Zverev is a mystery, but he could bounce back in front of the home fans. Still, I don't think he will beat Thiem if they meet each other in the championship match.
Benoit Paire is always a dangerous rival, but I think his draw is too difficult for the Frenchman to even reach the final. Also, I'm pretty sure Nikoloz Basilashvili won't retain the title. If you want to take an underdog, I suggest you go with Cristian Garin at 20/1 odds with Coral.
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I have been dealing with Tennessee Arms, probably, since they started in business. The AR308, 2 pack bundle was at a bargain price and is really good workmanship and material. Service is good and if I have a problem (which to date I have not had any) they are always available.


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What is Primary Membership by Email?
As a club member you will receive both the club quarterly Newsletter (in color) and the Membership Roster by email. You will have full access to the club's website. See benefits.
What is Primary Membership by Mail?
As a club member you will receive both the club quarterly Newsletter (printed in black and white) and the Membership Roster by U.S. mail. You will also receive the quarterly Newsletter (in color) and the Membership Roster by email. You will have full access to the club's website. See benefits.
As a Primary Membership by Mail member do I have to receive the email versions?
No, we understand not all members have high-speed internet so you have the option to opt out of the email versions if you wish.
What is Associate Membership?
Associate Membership was created specifically for additional shaker collectors living at the same address as the Primary Member, e.g., spouses, significant others, other family members. Associate benefits are the same as the primary member except they do not receive club publications.
How much are the yearly dues?
Dues are based on your country, membership type and length of membership. They may be paid in U.S. funds ONLY.
Primary Membership by Email dues are $20 per year, no matter where you live in the world.
Primary Membership by Mail dues for collectors living in the United States, Canada and Mexico are $35 for one year and $65 for two years. For collectors living in all other countries the dues are $40 for one year and $75 for two years.
Associate members are just $5 per person per year, no matter where they live in the world.
Why is the Primary Membership by Mail so much higher than the Primary Membership by Email?
The difference represents the cost to print and mail the newsletter and membership roster.
When do I renew my dues?
You will find your renewal date on your My Account page.
Will I get a reminder when my dues are due?
Yes, you will receive a reminder sent to your email address listed on file.
I just joined on line, when will I have full access to the website?
After the Membership Coordinator confirms your payment, they will approve activation and you will receive a confirmation email welcoming you to the club.
I would prefer to join by mail rather than on line. Is that possible?
Yes, just print and complete the Membership Application and follow the instructions for mailing.
Can I change my Username and Password?
Your Username is permanent and cannot be changed. You can change your Password in "My Account."
What if I forgot my Username?
Contact the club via the contact form.
What if I forgot my Password?
From the log in screen select "Lost your Password?" and then follow the prompts to receive a link to create a new password via email.
Junior Membership
What is Junior Membership?
Junior Membership is for young collectors between 5 years and 18 years of age. The purpose is to provide education related to the hobby of collecting salt and pepper shakers in a fun and entertaining way. They receive their own printed color newsletter, "Junior News," and are listed in the Junior Membership Roster. See benefits.
Junior membership stands alone and does NOT require a Primary Membership in the same household although parental/guardian permission is required. They may NOT hold a national office or chair a committee.
How much are the Junior Members' dues?
The dues for Junior Members in the United States, Canada, and Mexico are $10 per year and all other countries $15 per year; however, thanks to the generous donations from our members and chapters the dues for Junior Members have been waived by a vote of the Board of Directors for several years now.
How can I become a Junior Member?
Complete the Junior Member Application/Renewal Form and follow the easy instructions to submit it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"Mikaeri Bijin" is a song recorded by Morning Musume '14, sung by Fukumura Mizuki, Ikuta Erina, Sayashi Riho, Suzuki Kanon, Iikubo Haruna, Ishida Ayumi, Sato Masaki, Kudo Haruka, and Oda Sakura to commemorate Michishige Sayumi's graduation in November 2014. It appears on the single "TIKI BUN / Shabadabadoo~ / Mikaeri Bijin" as track #3. The Event V was sold only during release events, and therefore did not chart on the Oricon charts.
Found on the "TIKI BUN / Shabadabadoo~ / Mikaeri Bijin" single as track #3.
Found on the "TIKI BUN / Shabadabadoo~ / Mikaeri Bijin" single as track #6. This is the standard version without the main vocals.


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FAQ

Questions

Why is this project called "AngularJS"? Why is the namespace called "ng"?

Because HTML has Angular brackets and "ng" sounds like "Angular".

Is AngularJS a library, framework, plugin or a browser extension?

AngularJS fits the definition of a framework the best, even though it's much more lightweight than
a typical framework and that's why many confuse it with a library.

AngularJS is 100% JavaScript, 100% client-side and compatible with both desktop and mobile browsers.
So it's definitely not a plugin or some other native browser extension.

Is AngularJS a templating system?

At the highest level, Angular does look like just another templating system. But there is one
important reason why the Angular templating system is different, that makes it very good fit for
application development: bidirectional data binding. The template is compiled in the browser and
the compilation step produces a live view. This means you, the developers, don't need to write
code to constantly sync the view with the model and the model with the view as in other
templating systems.

Do I need to worry about security holes in AngularJS?

Like any other technology, AngularJS is not impervious to attack. Angular does, however, provide
built-in protection from basic security holes including cross-site scripting and HTML injection
attacks. AngularJS does round-trip escaping on all strings for you and even offers XSRF protection
for server-side communication.

AngularJS was designed to be compatible with other security measures like Content Security Policy
(CSP), HTTPS (SSL/TLS) and server-side authentication and authorization that greatly reduce the
possible attack vectors and we highly recommend their use.

Can I download the source, build, and host the AngularJS environment locally?

Yes. See instructions in Downloading.

What browsers does Angular work with?

We run our extensive test suite against the following browsers: Safari, Chrome, Firefox, Opera 15,
IE9 and mobile browsers (Android, Chrome Mobile, iOS Safari). See Internet
Explorer Compatibility for more details in supporting legacy IE browsers.

What's Angular's performance like?

The startup time heavily depends on your network connection, state of the cache, browser used and
available hardware, but typically we measure bootstrap time in tens or hundreds of milliseconds.

The runtime performance will vary depending on the number and complexity of bindings on the page
as well as the speed of your backend (for apps that fetch data from the backend). Just for an
illustration we typically build snappy apps with hundreds or thousands of active bindings.

How big is the angular.js file that I need to include?

The size of the file is < 36KB compressed and minified.

Can I use the open-source Closure Library with Angular?

Yes, you can use widgets from the Closure Library
in Angular.

Does Angular use the jQuery library?

Yes, Angular can use jQuery if it's present in your app when the
application is being bootstrapped. If jQuery is not present in your script path, Angular falls back
to its own implementation of the subset of jQuery that we call jQLite.

Angular 1.3 only supports jQuery 2.1 or above. jQuery 1.7 and newer might work correctly with Angular
but we don't guarantee that.

What is testability like in Angular?

Very testable and designed this way from ground up. It has an integrated dependency injection
framework, provides mocks for many heavy dependencies (server-side communication). See
ngMock for details.

How can I learn more about Angular?

Watch the July 17, 2012 talk
"AngularJS Intro + Dependency Injection".

How is Angular licensed?

The MIT License.

Can I download and use the Angular logo artwork?

Yes! You can find design files in our github repository, under "angular.js/images/logo"
The logo design is licensed under a "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License". If you have some other use in mind, contact us.

How can I get some AngularJS schwag?

We often bring a few t-shirts and stickers to events where we're presenting. If you want to order your own, the folks who
make our schwag will be happy to do a custom run for you, based on our existing template. By using the design they have on file,
they'll waive the setup costs, and you can order any quantity you need.

Stickers
For orders of 250 stickers or more within Canada or the United States, contact Tom Witting (or anyone in sales) via email at tom@stickergiant.com, and tell him you want to order some AngularJS
stickers just like the ones in job #42711. You'll have to give them your own info for billing and shipping.

As long as the design stays exactly the same, StickerGiant will give you a reorder discount.

For a smaller order, or for other countries, we suggest downloading the logo artwork and making your own.

Common Pitfalls

The Angular support channel (#angularjs on Freenode) sees a number of recurring pitfalls that new users of Angular fall into.
This document aims to point them out before you discover them the hard way.

DOM Manipulation

Stop trying to use jQuery to modify the DOM in controllers. Really.
That includes adding elements, removing elements, retrieving their contents, showing and hiding them.
Use built-in directives, or write your own where necessary, to do your DOM manipulation.
See below about duplicating functionality.

If you're struggling to break the habit, consider removing jQuery from your app.
Really. Angular has the $http service and powerful directives that make it almost always unnecessary.
Angular's bundled jQLite has a handful of the features most commonly used in writing Angular directives, especially binding to events.

Trying to duplicate functionality that already exists

There's a good chance that your app isn't the first to require certain functionality.
There are a few pieces of Angular that are particularly likely to be reimplemented out of old habits.

ng-repeat

ng-repeat gets this a lot.
People try to use jQuery (see above) to add more elements to some container as they're fetched from the server.
No, bad dog.
This is what ng-repeat is for, and it does its job very well.
Store the data from the server in an array on your $scope, and bind it to the DOM with ng-repeat.

ng-show

ng-show gets this frequently too.
Conditionally showing and hiding things using jQuery is a common pattern in other apps, but Angular has a better way.
ng-show (and ng-hide) conditionally show and hide elements based on boolean expressions.
Describe the conditions for showing and hiding an element in terms of $scope variables:

<div ng-show="!loggedIn">Click <a href="#/login">here</a> to log in</div>

Note also the counterpart ng-hide and similar ng-disabled.
Note especially the powerful ng-switch that should be used instead of several mutually exclusive ng-shows.

ng-class

ng-class is the last of the big three.
Conditionally applying classes to elements is another thing commonly done manually using jQuery.
Angular, of course, has a better way.
You can give ng-class a whitespace-separated set of class names, and then it's identical to ordinary class.
That's not very exciting, so there's a second syntax:

<div ng-class="{ errorClass: isError, warningClass: isWarning, okClass: !isError && !isWarning }">...</div>

Where you give ng-class an object, whose keys are CSS class names and whose values are conditional expressions using $scope variables.
The element will then have all the classes whose conditions are truthy, and none of those whose conditions are falsy.

Note also the handy ng-class-even and ng-class-odd, and the related though somewhat different ng-style.

$watch and $apply

Angular's two-way data binding is the root of all awesome in Angular.
However, it's not magic, and there are some situations where you need to give it a nudge in the right direction.

When you bind a value to an element in Angular using ng-model, ng-repeat, etc., Angular creates a $watch on that value.
Then whenever a value on a scope changes, all $watches observing that element are executed, and everything updates.

Sometimes, usually when you're writing a custom directive, you will have to define your own $watch on a scope value to make the directive react to changes.

On the flip side, sometimes you change a scope value in some code but the app doesn't react to it.
Angular checks for scope variable changes after pieces of your code have finished running; for example, when ng-click calls a function on your scope, Angular will check for changes and react.
However, some code is outside of Angular and you'll have to call scope.$apply() yourself to trigger the update.
This is most commonly seen in event handlers in custom directives.

Combining ng-repeat with other directives

ng-repeat is extremely useful, one of the most powerful directives in Angular.
However the transformation it applies to the DOM is substantial.
Therefore applying other directives (such as ng-show, ng-controller and others) to the same element as ng-repeat generally leads to problems.

If you want to apply a directive to the whole repeat, wrap the repeat in a parent element and put it there.
If you want to apply a directive to each inner piece of the repeat, put it on a child of the element with ng-repeat.

$rootScope exists, but it can be used for evil

Scopes in Angular form a hierarchy, prototypally inheriting from a root scope at the top of the tree.
Usually this can be ignored, since most views have a controller, and therefore a scope, of their own.

Occasionally there are pieces of data that you want to make global to the whole app.
For these, you can inject $rootScope and set values on it like any other scope.
Since the scopes inherit from the root scope, these values will be available to the expressions attached to directives like ng-show just like values on your local $scope.

Of course, global state sucks and you should use $rootScope sparingly, like you would (hopefully) use with global variables in any language.
In particular, don't use it for code, only data.
If you're tempted to put a function on $rootScope, it's almost always better to put it in a service that can be injected where it's needed, and more easily tested.

Conversely, don't create a service whose only purpose in life is to store and return bits of data.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Periodic broadcast of cooperative awareness messages (CAMs) is of great importance considering safety-related applications, for a network like VANET. This study proposes a vehicle-identifier (ID)-based MAC scheme for the periodic broadcast of CAMs in a vehicular network. Each CAM generated by a vehicle is associated with a unique ID. This study uses this attribute of CAM messages while participating in the channel assessment procedure. Each vehicle weighs the random back-off number with the unique ID incorporated in their respective CAM. This eventually leads to the selection of a vehicle-ID-based random back-off number, mitigating all possible probabilities of collision due to same back-off number selection. The simulation is performed considering saturated traffic conditions, to analyse its behaviour under most critical situations. The proposed model eliminates the chances of selecting zero as the initial back-off number, eliminating any chances of consecutive freeze process. The proposed one-dimensional Markovian model is validated by MATLAB. The proposed model provides a clear depiction that it performs better than the traditional IEEE 802.11OCB used for VANET. Also, it is worth noting that the achieved results outperform the existing work in terms of average packet delay since nearly one-fourth of the contention window size is utilised throughout the simulation.
In this chapter, an aspect of spectrum sharing between a monostatic radar and 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) (Wi-Fi) is explored. Specifically, it focuses on the determination of protection regions around the radar to keep the aggregate interference caused by activeWi-Fi (secondary) sources to within acceptable limits. Of particular interest is the impact of the deployment geometry of the Wi-Fi networks- modeled via suitable random spatial processes-on the statistics of the aggregate interference. The impact of various stochastic geometries on the resulting protection region is explored through both (Monte Carlo) simulation and analytical approaches.
TV White Space (TVWS) refers to frequency band reserved only for licensed terrestrial TV broadcasting and is opened to unlicensed use under regulatory conditions. While regulations protect licensed systems from interference, interference among unlicensed systems is left mainly to manufacturers. Consequently, there is a need to develop new coexistence approaches between TVWS networks. Busy tone broadcasting is a coexistence method, which can be used by TVWS networks to announce the selected frequency band is occupied. In this paper, a busy tone based coexistence algorithm is proposed for IEEE 802.11af and IEEE 802.22 networks and analyzed by considering different client distributions experiencing log-normal shadowing, where the exact interfering packet rate and successful packet transmission rate expressions are obtained and validated by simulations for different scenarios. The results show that with the proposed coexistence approach, a WLAN can reliably detect the busy tone signal to change its frequency band and can reduce interference to WRAN. Even if there is no available frequency band for the WLAN, the WRAN still maintains its enhanced successful packet transmission performance. The deployment of the proposed algorithm is important for successful coexistence between cognitive wireless networks, where interference is not regulated, such as in TVWS bands.
Recently several reduced-operation two Factor authentication (2FA) methods have been proposed to improve the usability of traditional 2FA. The existing works cannot protect the user's password from online guessing attack and offline dictionary attack. They cannot resist the identity fraud attack caused by co-located attackers who have obtained the victim's password. To solve these problems, we provide a WiFi-based 2FA approach which can enhance security of the reduced-operation 2FA but not increase the complexity of the operation for a user. We analyze our approach's security in terms of identity fraud attack resistance, salt guessing attack resistance, and password guessing attack resistance. We also implement a prototype system and test its performance in various scenarios, e.g. lab, library, and dormitory. The security analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of our scheme for authentication.
The authors propose a WLAN with a distributed smart antenna system (D-SAS) that can suppress interference and improve the system throughput in high-density scenarios such as stadiums and shopping malls. The authors also demonstrate a prototype of the WLAN with D-SAS and show experimental results in which the proposed system achieves more than twice the throughput of a conventional WLAN system with a centralised antenna system.
As the increasingly demand for the minimization of manipulators, a design of compact BLDC motor driver with realtime industrial Ethernet-EtherCAT interface is proposed. The essential structure of the integrated joint is depicted. This paper illustrates the constitution of the motor drive system and analyzes the designing method of motor, position sensors, controller and power device. Also, the drive control algorithm is talked about. In the experimental part, a BLDC driver within a narrow space constraint is designed. The reasonability of the hardware and software design is supported by some experiments without load in the latter part of this paper.
Exploitation of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band for both the small-cell radio access (RAN) and in-street backhauling must contribute to strongly increase the capacity of next-generation outdoor wireless networks. Beside the numerous technological challenges faced by the equipment manufacturers, the definition of practical deployment requirements and elaboration of efficient network design procedures are key issues for future network providers and the refinement of business models. The work reported in the present paper is part of research activity on small-cell and wireless backhaul design methodologies. The authors analyze how digital geographical data and radio propagation models may be enhanced and tailored to answer new mmWave simulation requirements. Three different propagation methods are compared in an urban 60 GHz scenario: based on free building database, traditional high-resolution map data, or Lidar point cloud. The advantage of the multi-paths prediction versus direct-path is also investigated, using the Lidar point cloud as a simulation input.
An exponential increase in the number of smart mobile devices with high demands of wireless data traffic is driving Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) toward high-density deployments and millimeter-wave (mmWave) operations. Interlink interference is a crucial factor in such systems, which impacts on the link performance and system capacity. However, it has not been well-investigated yet. We conducted a measurement campaign on inter-link interference in a meeting room environment with dense deployment of mmWave WLANs. Some key impact factors, such as the beamwidths and positions of transmitter and receiver as well as the number of active links in a network, were investigated. Our measurement results demonstrate that the decrease of the beamwidths of transmitter and receiver and/or the decrease of the number of active links in the network can significantly improve the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) due to reduction of the inter-link interference. Furthermore, it is observed that the inter-link interference in a dense deployment environment mainly depends on a few dominated active links.
An Internet of Things (IoT) network has been developed and tested in the BaZheXiang area in Sichuan, China. The network will be used to monitor the slopes for the potential landslides. The existing Wi-Fi network required more than five hops before reaching the temporary data centre in the hut which is 8km away from the data centre. However, the new system only requires maximum three hops, the real-time geological information of the slope can be delivered to the data centre at the main water.
This paper presents empirical and statistical modelling results for body-to-body wireless sensor systems for a bed-bound patient and mobile clinician in futuristic Internet of Things-enabled hospital environments. As wireless link reliability between the "Things" is essential for medical applications we investigate link robustness for typical patient orientations (lying/sitting in bed) and provide data for future medical infrastructures. The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses many wireless technologies and those currently available will be utilised and accepted first. When averaging results over all three journeys analysis revealed the lying and sitting postures showed similar received power (RSSI) for Bluetooth 5 and both Wi-Fi frequencies (-58.8/-63.8 dBm at 2.4/5.2 GHz respectively) while standard deviation (s.d.) of power was less for lying positions. Also, fading caused by biomechanical movement of the clinician was investigated by removal of distance-dependent path loss components. Averaged over three journeys, lying displayed higher RSSI than sitting for both frequencies (-58.3/-59.3 dBm for lying/sitting at 2.4 GHz, and -63.3/-64.2 dBm for lying/sitting respectively at 5.2 GHz); s.d. of power was less for lying than sitting. This work addresses the lack of useable measurement data for futuristic hospital environments where patients and clinicians form ad-hoc body-to-body biomedical networks.
Modern communication standards and techniques are the way forward in the simplification and improvements of today's protection application. Different communication services in international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 61850 standard Ethernet-based station bus enable possibility to simplify the design of the medium-voltage switchgear. This study discusses the factors related to testing and commissioning works of protection and control systems on a primary distribution substation in case of traditional or fully digitalised application. With practical approach to the issue, differences in the actual testing works between the two scenarios during different test phases will be presented.


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EARTH'S POLAR REGIONS
Polar Atmosphere
Polar Oceans
Polar Life
Arctic Cultures
Poles in Space
Animation of Annual Variation in Sea Ice Extent in the Northern Hemisphere
Images courtesy the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Animation by Windows to the Universe staff (Randy Russell).
This animation shows the annual variation of sea ice extent in the Northern Hemisphere. Throughout the winter the cold temperatures freeze more and more of the water in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding bodies of water, gradually building up a layer of ice on the surface that covers millions of square kilometers. This ice pack generally reaches its maximum extent around March.
As warmer temperatures arrive in the Arctic in the springtime, the ice begins to melt and much of the ice pack breaks up. This continues throughout the summer, so the extent of the ice pack is usually at its minimum around September. Thereafter it begins growing again, repeating the annual cycle.
This animation shows seven years of this cycle, from January 2002 through December 2008.
(Note: If you cannot see the animation you may need to download the latest QuickTime player.)
Click here to check out an interactive that allows you to compare sea ice extent at different times of the year or during different years.
Click here to watch an animation of variations in sea ice in the Antarctic regions of the Southern Hemisphere.
Click here to see the predictions that global climate models make about future changes in sea ice extent.
Go to the NSIDC web site to:
View and animate single images of sea ice extent, concentration, anomalies, and trends.
View multiple maps of various types at the same time.
Last modified February 23, 2009 by Randy Russell.
Sea Ice in the Arctic and Antarctic
Sea ice is frozen seawater. It can be several meters thick and it moves over time. Although the salts in the seawater do not freeze, pockets of concentrated salty water become trapped in the sea ice when...more
There are two oceans in Earth's polar regions: the Arctic Ocean, which occupies most of the north polar region, and the Southern Ocean, which surrounds the continent of Antarctica in the south polar region....more
Resources for Teaching About the Poles and the Cryosphere
Windows to the Universe and other educational programs of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Office of Education and Outreach invite you to explore Earth's polar regions with your students...more
Polar Games and Activities
Dive into one of our new polar activities or games! Animation showing Annual Variation of Sea Ice Extent in the Arctic Animation showing Annual Variation of Sea Ice Extent in the Antarctic Changing Planet:...more
Climate Change Teacher Resources
Many educators are now finding opportunities to teach about Earth's climate and climate change in their classrooms. Windows to the Universe provides an interlinked learning ecosystem to a wealth of resources...more
Altocumulus clouds (weather symbol - Ac), are made primarily of liquid water and have a thickness of 1 km. They are part of the Middle Cloud group (2000-7000m up). They are grayish-white with one part...more
Altostratus clouds (weather symbol - As) consist of water and some ice crystals. They belong to the Middle Cloud group (2000-7000m up). An altostratus cloud usually covers the whole sky and has a gray...more


At Grace, love is a practice as much as a feeling.
He should be home Thursday, or Friday. No particular time is better than another.
America, self-styled Land Of The Free, imprisons more of its citizens, as a percentage of the population, than any other country on earth.
Anger stains the soul just like an ink blot spoils the page.
In less than a month's time, I will begin my sixth year in prison. Another terrifying number.
I take pleasure in thinking about the similarities between me and Harry.
If you're going to keep a prisoner's bills the same, why not keep the pay the same?


text:
Jeremiah 4:10-12
Jeremiah 3Jeremiah 5
Jeremiah 4:10-12 Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (RSVCE)
10 Then I said, "Ah, Lord God, surely thou hast utterly deceived this people and Jerusalem, saying, 'It shall be well with you'; whereas the sword has reached their very life."
11 At that time it will be said to this people and to Jerusalem, "A hot wind from the bare heights in the desert toward the daughter of my people, not to winnow or cleanse, 12 a wind too full for this comes for me. Now it is I who speak in judgment upon them."
Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (RSVCE)
The Revised Standard Version of the Bible: Catholic Edition, copyright © 1965, 1966 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
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About Book Luver
Book Luver is an avid reading community where authors and publishers can showcase their books to our rapidly growing reader subscribers and visitors.
Ken and Paula Sheridan, Founders of Page Turner Awards are a husband and wife entrepreneurial team who have won several business awards, and Paula, writing under the pen name, Paula Wynne, is an award-winning author having won The People's Book Prize for her debut novel, The Grotto's Secret.
Ken and Paula run Page Turner Awards, Book Luver and Writing Goals.
Ken and Paula have been featured on Sky News, Radio 2, and numerous BBC radio stations. Together and separately, they were featured in The Independent on Sunday, Financial Times, The Guardian, Red Magazine, Berkshire Life, Country Life, Start Your Own Business, People Today, People Management, OnRec, Management Today, Country Living, Pay Monthly, and Financial Mail, along with numerous regional and local publications across the country.
They appeared on the morning TV breakfast shows a couple of times to discuss various topics.
They are often asked to comment on BBC Radio, and Paula is invited to speak at various events and seminars across the UK.
Ken and Paula were also featured on the BBC Show, Escape to the Continent, which showed their quest to live in Spain, where they now run their business and Paula writes.
Paula and Ken have featured in the media, from newspapers to radio and TV.
Ken and Paula's news clippings.
Page Turner Awards news clippings.
Paula's debut novel, The Grotto's Secret won The People's Book Prize, 2017
Paula won an Honourable Mention for a story she submitted to the Writers Digest Writing Contest.
Paula won a bursary from Screen South UK to do a film director's course.
Winner of BT Small Business Week 'Responsible Business Day' Award
Winner of BT FreshIdeas Events Mentor Competition
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Difference between revisions of "KTp/Components/Account Management GUI"
Written, with a gabble plugin. HOWEVER, the design turns out to be a bit crap, and quite limited, so we need to refactor quite a lot.
Developed mainly by George Goldberg (Find me on IRC in #kde-telepathy as 'grundleborg' or email me: 'grundleborg googlemail com'.
KCM Module - can be reused in config dialog of any Telepathy using App to give a "configure accounts" option.
Built in default auto-generated UI as a fallback for configuring any Connection manager.
Plugin interface to provide prettier UI's for particular connection managers.


text:
Union City man accused of sexually assaulting 11-year-old Garfield girl
A Union City man is accused of sexually assaulting an 11-year-old girl from Garfield in December, authorities said Tuesday.
Union City man accused of sexually assaulting 11-year-old Garfield girl A Union City man is accused of sexually assaulting an 11-year-old girl from Garfield in December, authorities said Tuesday. Check out this story on northjersey.com: https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/crime/2019/06/18/garfield-nj-girl-sexually-assault-union-city-nj-man-police-say/1492974001/
Keldy Ortiz, North Jersey Record Published 6:13 p.m. ET June 18, 2019 | Updated 11:31 p.m. ET June 18, 2019
Jorge Delgado, 43, faces charges of aggravated sexual assault and endangering the welfare of a child, the Hudson County Prosecutor's Office said in a statement. He remained in custody pending a detention hearing Wednesday.
On Thursday, Union City police told the Prosecutor's Office about the report of the assault, which happened in Union City, the Prosecutor's Office said. The incident was reported by the victim's mother.
On Friday, Delgado was arrested, the Prosecutor's Office said.
Ridgefield explosion: Man rescued from home dies from injuries
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text:
Date of Decision 09-Sep-2013
Date of Web Publication 1-Jan-2014
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the canal transportation, canal centering ability, and time taken for preparation of curved root canals after instrumentation with ProFile GT Series X (GTX) files, Revo-S files, twisted files, and Mtwo files by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: Forty mesiobuccal canals of mandibular molars with an angle of curvature ranging from 20 to 40 were divided according to the instrument used in canal preparation into four groups of 10 samples each: GTX (group I), Revo-S (group II), twisted file (group III), and Mtwo (group IV). The teeth were instrumented according to manufacturer's guidelines, with all groups being prepared to size 30, 0.06 taper master apical file. Canals were scanned using an i-CAT CBCT scanner (Imaging Science International, Hatfield, PA, USA) before and after preparation to evaluate the transportation and centering ratio at 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm from the apex. The data collected were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test.
Results: Twisted file system showed significantly least canal transportation and highest canal centering ability values as compared to GTX, Revo-S, and Mtwo file systems. Overall, GTX, Revo-S, and Mtwo showed comparable results with respect to canal transportation and centering ability.
Conclusion: The innovative method of manufacturing the TF system resulted in superior shaping ability in curved canals, with the instruments remaining more centered and producing less canal transportation than GTX, Revo-S, and Mtwo file systems.
Keywords: Canal transportation; cone-beam computed tomograph; centering ability; NiTi
Arora A, Taneja S, Kumar M. Comparative evaluation of shaping ability of different rotary NiTi instruments in curved canals using CBCT. J Conserv Dent 2014;17:35-9
Arora A, Taneja S, Kumar M. Comparative evaluation of shaping ability of different rotary NiTi instruments in curved canals using CBCT. J Conserv Dent [serial online] 2014 [cited 2020 Jan 18];17:35-9. Available from: http://www.jcd.org.in/text.asp?2014/17/1/35/124127
Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is an essential part of root canal therapy. [1] The primary goals of cleaning and shaping are thorough debridement of the root canal system and specific shaping of root canal preparation, while maintaining the original canal configuration and optimal canal form.
However, this is difficult in curved canals, where there is a tendency for all instrumentation techniques to change canal curvature and result in procedural errors. The evolution of nickel titanium rotary instrumentation and its metallurgy has resulted in reducing the procedural errors associated with root canal instrumentation and the time required to finish the preparation.
The Mtwo endodontic instruments introduced in 2005 have two blades and feature a large groove between them. This design is claimed to reduce the core diameter and increase the flexibility. Furthermore, the increasing pitch allows a more delicate cutting action at the apex and a more aggressive one in the coronal portion.
Twisted file (TF; SybronEndo, Amersfoort, The Netherlands), introduced in 2008, has three unique design features: the R-phase heat treatment, twisting of the metal, and special surface conditioning. These features significantly increase the instrument's resistance to fracture [2],[3] and provide greater flexibility. [4]
The ProFile GT Series X (GTX; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA), introduced in 2009, is based upon M-wire technology. The open blade angles, variable width lands, in GTX files are reported to minimize taper lock in the canal as well as produce larger chip space between the cutting flutes and increase the cutting efficiency without transportation. [5]
Revo-S (RS), developed by Micro-Mega, offers apical finishing which is closely adapted to the anatomical and ecological criteria of the canal. [6]
There have been no studies published till date on the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess and compare the canal transportation, centering ability of Mtwo files with that of RS files, TF, and GTX files in curved extracted mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular molars.
Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the canal transportation, canal centering ability, and time taken for preparation of curved root canals after instrumentation with Mtwo files, RS files, TF, and GTX files by using CBCT.
Selection and specimen preparation
Forty extracted human mandibular first molars with an average length of 20-21 mm, curved mesial roots with two separate mesial canals and apical foramina were selected. Teeth were accessed using an Endo-Access bur (Dentsply, Maillefer), and the meisobuccal canals were localized and explored with a size 10 K-file (Dentsply, Maillefer). Mesiobuccal canal curvatures were assessed according to Schneider's technique. [7] Only canals with curvature (20-40) were included in the study. Distal roots with the respective part of the crown were sectioned at the furcation level and discarded. The determination of the working length was performed at magnification 8Χ using a surgical microscope by inserting #10 K-file to the root canal terminus and subtracting 1 mm from this measurement. Specimens were coded and randomly divided into four equal experimental groups (n = 10) according to the rotary NiTi file system used in canal instrumentation: The RS group, the TF group, the GTX group, and the Mtwo group.
For all the groups, the root canal instrumentation was performed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation for all the files. All the files were operated by a 16:1 gear reduction handpiece powered by electric torque control motor and the final apical preparation was standardized to size 30 with 0.06 taper. Canals were irrigated with 3 ml of 5% NaOCl solution after use of each file. Glyde (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballagius, Switzerland) was used as a lubricant during instrumentation. Final irrigation was done with 1 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 1 min followed by a final flush of 3 ml of NaOCl. The instrument was changed after preparation of three canals.
The roots were positioned in a custom-made specimen holder in which they were aligned perpendicularly to the beam and scanned before and after instrumentation using i-CAT CBCT scanner (Imaging Science International, Hatfield, PA, USA). The teeth were then scanned to determine root canal shape at 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm from the apex. After obtaining scans from all specimens, the data from CBCT were stored in magnetic optical disc. The shortest distance from the canal wall to the external root surface was measured in the mesial and distal directions for the mesiobuccal root canal. The distance was measured on the reconstructed 2-dimensional image without reduction by using the measure length tool. Measurements were recorded before and after instrumentation to calculate the following: (1) The degree of canal transportation at each level according to the following formula: (x1 − x2) - (y1 − y2); (2) The canal centering ratio at each level according to the following ratio: (x1 − x2)/(y1 − y2) or (y1 − y2)/(x1 − x2), where x1 is the shortest distance from the mesial edge of the root to the mesial edge of the uninstrumented canal, x2 is the shortest distance from the mesial edge of the root to the mesial edge of the instrumented canal, y1 is the shortest distance from the distal edge of the root to the distal edge of the uninstrumented canal, and y2 is the shortest distance from the distal edge of the root to the distal edge of the instrumented canal; (3) The mean working time was recorded using an electronic stopwatch. Time for instrument changes and irrigation was excluded.
The mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values were calculated for all the groups in terms of canal transportation, canal centering ability, and time taken for preparation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) was applied to make inter- and intra-group comparison of canal transportation, canal centering ability, and also the inter-group comparison of the time taken for preparation, using SPSS version 15.0. A P 0.05 was considered as statistically significant level.
The mean and standard deviation values for the canal transportation and the centering ratio at the studied levels for the experimental groups are presented in [Table 1] and [Table 2], and the time taken for preparation in [Table 3].
At 3 mm, GTX showed maximum transportation and minimum canal centering ability (0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.72 ± 0.03) as compared to RS (0.12 ± 0.02 and 0.73 ± 0.03), TF (0.08 ± 0.02 and 0.83 ± 0.03), and Mtwo (0.11 ± 0.02 and 0.73 ± 0.04).
Table 1: Mean±SD and statistical analysis of mean canal transportation values for the tested groups
Table 2: Mean±SD and statistical analysis of mean canal centering ratio values for the tested groups
Table 3: Statistical analysis of the mean values for the time taken for preparation (seconds) for the tested groups
At 5 mm, RS showed significantly higher mean canal transportation and lower canal centering ability (0.14 ± 0.02 and 0.70 ± 0.04) than GTX (0.11 ± 0.02 and 0.77 ± 0.06) and TF (0.10 ± 0.02 and 0.77 ± 0.05), while the difference between RS (0.14 ± 0.02 and 0.70 ± 0.04) and Mtwo (0.12 ± 0.02 and 0.73 ± 0.04) was not significant.
At 7 mm, TF showed significantly lower mean canal transportation and higher centering ability (0.15 ± 0.02 and 0.69 ± 0.04), as compared to Mtwo (0.17 ± 0.02 and 0.60 ± 0.03), while the differences between TF (0.15 ± 0.02 and 0.69 ± 0.04), GTX (0.16 ± 0.02 and 0.64 ± 0.02), and RS (0.17 ± 0.02 and 0.62 ± 0.03) were not statistically significant.
At 11 mm, TF had significantly lower mean canal transportation and higher centering ability (0.08 ± 0.02 and 0.85 ± 0.03) value as compared to RS (0.10 ± 0.02 and 0.78 ± 0.04), while the differences between TF (0.08 ± 0.02 and 0.85 ± 0.03), Mtwo file (0.09 ± 0.02 and 0.80 ± 0.03), and GTX file (0.08 ± 0.02 and 0.82 ± 0.03) were not significant.
TF showed significantly lower mean preparation time (26.70 ± 1.34) as compared to all other groups, while the differences between GTX (57.20 ± 6.29), RS (54.00 ± 3.43), and Mtwo (56.00 ± 2.45) were not significant.
With increasing mechanization in endodontics, the use of Ni Ti rotary instrument is widespread. Kandaswamy et al.[8] have reported better canal centering ability of NiTi instruments as compared to stainless steel. Therefore, the majority of reports on preserving original canal curvature have focused on NiTi instrument composition and design. RS, TF, GTX, and Mtwo are the recently introduced file systems that are distinctly different in their geometric design and manufacturing method. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of these new NiTi rotary instruments on canal transportation and the centering ratio using CBCT scanning. Non-invasive CBCT scanning was used because it provides an accurate, reproducible, 3-dimensional evaluation without the destruction of the teeth. [9],[10],[11] Apical preparation of all canals was set to size 30 and 0.06 taper in each instrument because Khademi et al.[12] reported that apical instrumentation with number 30 size and 0.06 coronal taper was effective for removal of debris and smear layer from the apical portion of root canals. Five levels (i.e., at 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm from the root apex) were chosen for evaluation as they represent the apical and middle thirds of root canal in which curvatures exists and are highly susceptible to iatrogenic mishaps. [13]
In the present study, TF showed lower value of canal transportation and higher degree of centering ratio as compared to RS and Mtwo, which could be attributed to the new manufacturing method of TF resulting in increased phase transformation temperatures and increased flexibility of TF compared with the other NiTi instruments manufactured by grinding.
Also, the single length preparation in case of Mtwo as compared to crown down preparation in case of TF might also have contributed to more canal transportation and lower canal centering ability of Mtwo as compared to TF.
The present finding is in accordance with the study of Hashem et al.,[13] Gergi et al., [14] and Batouty et al., [15] who found that TF resulted in more centered preparation with less canal transportation than the other files systems tested.
GTX files showed inferior overall average mean values of canal transportation and canal centering ability as compared to TF, but the difference in canal transportation value was significant only at 3 mm, while the difference in centering ratio was significant at 3 mm, 9 mm, and 7 mm.
The comparable value of mean canal transportation and mean centering ability of GTX with that of TF might be due to a new M-Wire technology used for manufacturing GTX instrument. This technology, along with thermal process imparts GTX instruments greater flexibility and increased resistance to cyclic fatigue, compared with files constructed from traditional NiTi alloy. [16]
Similar findings were reported by Hashem et al.,[13] who also found no statistically significant difference in mean canal transportation of GTX and TF at 5.2 mm and 7.8 mm.
GTX showed lower value of canal transportation and higher value of canal centering ability as compared to RS. However, the difference was statistically significant only at 5 mm.
The comparable apical transportation and mean centering ability of RS with GTX might be due to asymmetrical cutting profile of RS which facilitates penetration by a snake-like movement and offers a root canal shaping and apical finishing that is closely adapted to the anatomical and ecological criteria of the canal.
Hashem et al.[13] have also reported that GTX showed lower canal transportation and higher canal centering ability than RS at 5.2 mm.
GTX showed lower value of canal transportation and better centering ability as compared to Mtwo. But the difference in canal transportation was not significant at all levels, while the difference in canal centering ratio was significant only at 9 mm. The comparable values of canal transportation and canal centering ratio of GTX and Mtwo might be due to the single length preparation technique used in both groups and unique design of Mtwo.
Maitin et al.[17] have also reported lowest value for canal transportation as compared to Protaper, K3, and Race .
GTX showed maximum transportation and minimum centering ability at 3 mm as compared to all other groups. This might be due to the absence of intermediate size between size 20 with 6% taper and size 30 with 6% taper in the GTX file system. All other systems tested in the present study had an intermediate size 25 in their sequence, which might have resulted in their lesser transportation and higher centering ability at 3 mm.
The present finding is in accordance with the study of Hashem et al.,[13] who found that GTX recorded significantly higher mean canal transportation than RS and TF at 2.6 mm.
There have been no studies published till date comparing canal transportation and centering ability of Mtwo produced by traditional NiTi grinding process with the instruments produced by using the twisting method (TF), RS, and M-wire alloy (GTX). Therefore, findings of this study cannot be corroborated or contradicted.
Another interesting finding of the present study was that canal transportation at 3 mm of all Ni Ti rotary instruments tested was in the range of 0.08-0.17.
These values were considerably less than the critical canal transportation value of 0.3 mm as proposed by Wu et al.,[18] who found that leakage occurs more frequently when apical transportation index is >0.3 mm.
Intra-group comparison showed maximum transportation and minimum canal centering ability at 7 mm and 9 mm across all groups, which is in accordance with previous studies.
TF showed minimum time taken for preparation than GTX, RS, and Mtwo. The significantly less time taken for preparation in TF as compared to RS, GTX, and Mtwo might be due to less number of files and high speed of rotation used during instrumentation. However, there was no significant difference in the mean preparation time of GTX, RS, and Mtwo.
Within the parameters of this study, it could be concluded that all the tested files showed some degree of apical canal transportation, but it was well within the acceptable limit (0.3 mm) of canal transportation. The innovative method of manufacturing the TF system resulted in superior shaping ability in curved canals, with the instruments remaining more centered and producing less canal transportation than GTX, RS, and Mtwo file systems.
1. Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am 1974; 18:269-96.
2. Gambarini G, Grande NM, Plotino G, Somma F, Garala M, De Luca M, et al. Fatigue resistance of engine-driven rotary nickel-titanium instruments produced by new manufacturing methods. J Endod 2008; 34:1003-5.
3. Larsen CM, Watanabe I, Glickman GN, He J. Cyclic fatigue analysis of a new generation of nickel titanium rotary instruments. J Endod 2009; 35:401-3.
4. Gambarini G, Gerosa R, De Luca M, Garala M, Testarella L. Mechanical properties of a new and improved nickel-titanium alloy for endodontic use: An evaluation of file flexibility. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 105:798-800.
5. Buchanan S. The technique for GT Series X rotary shaping files. 2009. Available from: http://www.endobuchanan.com. [Last accessed on 2011 Sep 1].
6. Basrani B, Roth K, Sas G, Kishben A, Peter O. Torsional Profiles of new and used Revo-S rotary instruments: An in vitro study. J Endod 2011; 37:989-92.
7. Schneider SW. A comparison of canal preparation in straight and curved root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1971; 32:271-5.
8. Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N, Porkodi I, Pradeep G. Canal-centering ability: An endodontic challenge. J Conserv Dent 2013; 12:3-9.
9. Gambill JM, Alder M, Del Rio CE. Comparison of nickel titanium and stainless steel hand-file instrumentation using computed tomography. J Endod 1996; 22:369-75.
10. Rhodes JS, Ford TR, Lynch JA, Liepins PJ, Curtis RV. Micro-computed tomography: A new tool for experimental endodontology. Int Endod J 1999; 32:165-70.
11. Gluskin AH, Brown DC, Buchanan LS. A reconstructed computerized tomographic comparison of Ni Ti rotary GT files versus traditional instruments in canals shaped by novice operators. Int Endod J 2001; 34:476-84.
12. Khademi A, Yazdizadeh M, Feizianfard M. Determination of the minimum instrumentation size for penetration of irrigants to the apical third of root canal systems. J Endod 2006; 32:417-20.
13. Hashem AA, Ghoneim AG, Lutfy RA, Foda MY, Omar GA. Geometric analysis of root canals prepared by four rotary NiTi shaping systems. J Endod 2012; 38:996-1000.
14. Gergi R, Rjeily JA, Sader J, Naaman A. Comparison of canal transportation and centering ability of Twisted Files, Pathfile-ProTaper system, and stainless steel hand K-files by using computed tomography. J Endod 2010; 36:904-7.
15. Batouty KM, Elmllab WE. Comparison of canal transportation and changes in canal curvature of two nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Endod 2011;37:1290-2.
16. Oliveira CA, Meurer MI, Pascoalato C, Silva SR. Cone beam computed tomography analysis of the apical third of curved roots after mechanical preparation with different automated systems. Braz Dent J 2009; 20:376-81.
17. Maitin N, Arunagiri D, Brave D, Maitin SN, Kaushik S, Roy S. An ex vivo comparative analysis on shaping ability of four NiTi rotary endodontic instruments using spiral computed tomography. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16:219-23.
18. Wu MK, Fan B, Wesselink PR. Leakage along apical root filling in curved canals. Part I Effects of apical transportation on seal of root Fillings. J Endod 2000.


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History With Kids
Historic Churches in Tallinn's Old Town: From Lutheranism to Russian Orthodoxy
Posted by Ethan Doyle White | Estonia | 0
The Old Town of Tallinn is one of the best preserved Medieval town centres in Europe today. During the 13th century Reval, as Tallinn was known then, became an important outpost of the Hanseatic League. A significance expressed for all to see in its public architecture today as much as it was during the Middle Ages. Ethan takes us on a tour of some of the historic churches of Tallinn, a tour that tells the story of the history of religion in this region.
1. Medieval Tallinn UNESCO Site 2. St Mary's Cathedral 3. Church of the Holy Spirit 4. St Olaf's Church 5. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral 6. St Peter's and St Paul's Cathedral 7. More Things to do in Tallinn
1. Medieval Tallinn UNESCO Site
2. St Mary's Cathedral
3. Church of the Holy Spirit
4. St Olaf's Church
5. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
6. St Peter's and St Paul's Cathedral
7. More Things to do in Tallinn
Looking over the historic centre of Tallinn, with the castle in the foreground and the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and other churches behind it.
The small Baltic nation of Estonia has long been one of Europe's cultural melting pots. The Estonian language is closely related to Finnish, while linguistically German, Swedish, and Russian communities have all left their mark on the Estonian national character. These influences can still be seen in the country's capital and its many churches.
Although tucked away in a little-known corner of the continent, Estonia played an important role in Europe's religious history. One of the last parts of Europe to undergo Christianisation, its people remained committed to their pagan, pre-Christian belief system until they were conquered during the Livonian Crusade in the early 13th century. Initially dominated by the Roman Catholicism introduced by German knights of the Teutonic Order, Estonia was later caught up in the Protestant Reformation, which saw Lutheranism imposed on the region. Russian domination from the 18th century onwards brought Eastern Orthodoxy and later Soviet style atheism.
Estonia now is a largely secular nation, with over half the population identifying as non-religious. Nevertheless, it has both a rich Christian heritage and several Christian minorities for whom the country's historic churches are sacred places. Christians continue to use them for religious services, but they are open and welcoming to visitors of any faith or none. For anyone with an interest in the Middle Ages and/or the history of Christianity, the Estonian capital Tallinn is a must.
Medieval turret towers and church spires dominate the skyline of the Old Town of Tallinn.
Medieval Tallin UNESCO Site
Although the oldest archaeological evidence of human habitation in the area dates to about 5,000 years ago, the origins of Tallinn as we know it today starts in the 13th century. The port was a strategic point along Scandinavian-Russian trade routes, and so a desirable location for both the Danes and the Teutonic Knights during the Northern or Baltic Crusades.
Towards the end of the 13th century the city, then known as Reval and under Danish rule, became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League. In the mid 14th century the Danes sold the city to the Teutonic Knights, who constructed the castle still visible today and oversaw the rise of an important mercantile port at the crossroads of trade between Western and Northern Europe and Russia. Until the 16th century Tallinn was a powerful and wealthy outpost of the Hanseatic League.
The wealth of the city was displayed in the opulence of the public buildings such as the city walls with 66 turret towers and churches, as well as the grandeur of the domestic architecture of merchants'houses. Despite the ravages of fire and war over the centuries, much of this Medieval character has survived intact. In Tallinn we have a relatively complete and well-preserved example of an important northern European mercantile port city. And for this reason the historic centre of Tallinn was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997. One of the more interesting features of that city and its Hanseatic heritage is the churches.
St Mary's Cathedral is the oldest surviving church in Estonia. Known as Toomkirik in the Estonian language, it retains an important place in Estonian religious life.
The spire of St Mary's church, and the altar within.
The first record of the church dates from 1233, although it was likely built several decades earlier. At first made of wood, in 1240 it was rebuilt in stone. Over the years it has seen many architectural additions. The nave was refashioned in a gothic style during the fifteenth century while a large western tower, topped with a baroque spire, was added in the late eighteenth century.
Although originally under the possession of the Roman Catholic Church, St Mary's Cathedral changed hands following the turmoil of the Protestant Reformation. It now houses a Lutheran congregation and is under the care of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church.
With white-washed walls and plenty of natural light, the interior of St Mary's is bright and airy. Many of the interior features, including the pulpit and altar, were produced in the late seventeenth century, after the church was gutted by a fire in 1684. Of particular interest are the elaborately carved coats of arms hanging upon the walls and the tombs of various prominent Tallinn residents.
The church requests that visitors pay a small donation. For an additional €5, visitors can also climb the 69-metre high bell-tower, from which they can experience impressive views across the city.
St Mary's Cathedral would not remain the only site of Christian worship on Toompea Hill for long. By the fourteenth century, the Church of the Holy Spirit had been established to accompany it. The two churches reflected the rigid class divide that characterised most of medieval Europe. While St Mary's was reserved largely for the region's aristocratic elites, the Church of the Holy Spirit was a more popular option with Tallinn's commoners.
The Church of the Holy Spirit, from the front with the 17th century clock (left, photograph © Rene Seeman/Wikimedia) and the cobbled street running along the side.
Like its predecessor, the Church of the Holy Spirit was once a Roman Catholic site but following the Reformation transferred to Lutheran ownership. In keeping with this Protestant ethos, it witnessed the earliest sermons given in Estonian. It was also the pastor of this church, Johann Koell, who in 1535 published the first known Estonian-language book, his Catechism.
In contrast to the light and airy appeal of St Mary's Cathedral, the Church of the Holy Spirit has a darkened interior, with little natural light penetrating it. Several internal features date from the late Medieval and early modern periods, including a 15th century altar and 16th century pulpit. On the exterior, look out for the impressive decorated 17th century clock.
A small entry fee of €1.50 is requested. Although photography is permitted, it can be quite challenging because of the low levels of light in the church.
St. Olaf's Church
St. Olaf's Church is the largest Medieval structure in Tallinn's Old Town. It was first recorded in 1267 and in its early decades was popular with Scandinavian merchants and craftsmen living in the city. It was named for the 11th century Norwegian king Olaf II, who was posthumously canonised for his alleged role in the Christianisation of Norway.
The spire of St Olaf's church, and the narrow, spiral stairwell that leads to the viewing platform.
As with St Mary's and the Church of the Holy Spirit, St Olaf's was once a Roman Catholic church before being converted to Lutheran usage. In the mid 12th century, it was transferred to the city's Baptist congregation, for whom it continues to serve today.
The impressive Gothic spire of St Olaf's Church is one of the defining images of Tallinn. It was completed in the 16th century, at which point it made St Olaf's one of the tallest buildings in the world. The spire, however, has had a chequered history. It has been repeatedly struck by lightning, resulting in the church being gutted by fire on at least three occasions. During the Soviet period, the KGB used the spire as part of their surveillance operations.
During the summer months visitors can climb the 232 steps to a viewing platform near the top of the spire. The steep and narrow ascent up the tower is exhausting and requires a good level of fitness, but the views from the top are truly awe-inspiring. A small entry fee of €2.00 is charged to climb the tower.
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
Although Lutheranism dominated Estonia for many centuries, today Eastern Orthodoxy is the country's largest Christian denomination. This faith is closely linked to the country's ethnic Russian minority, who make up about a quarter of its population. Estonia was part of the Russian Empire from 1710 to 1920 and, following two decades of independence, was absorbed into the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1991.
The characteristic onion-shaped domes of Russian Orthodox architecture on the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral.
The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is one of the most lavish and grandiose reminders of Estonia's Imperial Russian past. Built between 1894 and 1900, it was designed in the Russian Revival style that was a particularly popular choice for Orthodox architecture in the late 19th century. The eponymous Alexander Nevsky was a Medieval Russian prince who was canonised by the Eastern Orthodox Church following his military victories.
With its onion domes and ornate mosaics, the exterior is a masterpiece of Russian Revival design. Its eleven church bells can be heard before services and include the largest bell in Tallinn. The interior of the cathedral is a feast for the senses. Elaborate golden decoration covers almost every surface, along with painted icons and elaborate ceremonial regalia. The contrast with Tallinn's Lutheran churches could hardly be starker.
Entry is free. Unlike the other churches listed here, however, photography is strictly prohibited. Instead, postcards of the interior can be purchased from a small shop selling religious icons and other Orthodox artefacts.
St Peter and St Paul's Cathedral
Amid the Medieval architecture of the Old Town, the neo-classical façade of St Peter and St Paul's Cathedral sets it apart. While this church may not be as old as some of its counterparts elsewhere in the city, it has importance as the most senior Roman Catholic church in Tallinn.
Although Roman Catholicism was the first form of Christianity to reach Estonia, the Reformation dealt it a heavy blow and Estonian Catholics faced persecution for many centuries. It only reasserted its presence in the 19th century, a period of greater religious freedom. It was then that the small church existing on the site was deemed inadequate for the size of the congregation and a replacement was commissioned. Construction began in 1832 and the building was consecrated in 1845.
The architect was the Italian Carlo Rossi, best known for his many buildings in the St Petersburg area. Rossi's design was neo-Gothic, although a neo-Classical façade was added in the 1920s while the interior was simplified to meet changing tastes in the 1930s. The result is the white, bright nave that the visitor finds today.
Visitors enter the cathedral through a pleasant courtyard that sets it back from the hustle and bustle of Tallinn's streets. Here, there are several benches that offer welcome respite for weary legs. Entry is free. The cathedral holds services for the city's small Roman Catholic population, including a mass in English.
Other Things to See in Tallinn's Old Town
Although Tallinn is a small city it has a lot to offer visitors with an interest in history. The Old Town has a quaint charm and has retained its Medieval character in a way rarely found elsewhere in Europe - hence the reason why the historic centre was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
So for those wanting to take a weekend break to Tallinn, there are many other fascinating features and attractions of historical interest to visit in the city besides the churches. The most obvious is the Medieval Toompea Castle, which now houses the Estonian parliament. Another striking an unmissable feature are the Medieval walls and turrets, built to guard against potential invaders. At the southern edge of the city is Toompea Hill, a limestone outcrop towering above the city. Folklore has it that this is the burial place of the legendary hero Kalev. These attractions are all within easy walking distance of each other. Although when visiting the Old Town be prepared to spend most of your day on your feet!
For those who prefer their history a little bit more recent, Tallinn also has more recent cultural heritage sites located beyond the Old Town's walls. These include Czar Peter the Great's baroque winter palace at Kadriorg and the Soviet brutalist beach-front center at Linnahall.
Tallinn's Medieval town square.
Visit More Churches in Europe:
Salisbury Cathedral, Wiltshire, England
Church of St George Rotunda, Sofia, Blugaria
Byzantine Church Frescoes on the Island of Crete, Greece
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Ethan Doyle White
I am a postgraduate student at University College London working on a doctoral project examining religious practices involving water-places in early medieval England. My broader research interests focus on the religious beliefs and practices of past societies, as well as the use of archaeological material by contemporary religious groups. Different aspects of this work has been published in various books and scholarly journals. When not out hunting down archaeological monuments in the landscape, I still occasionally blog over at Albion Calling.
© 2020 Archaeology Travel


Southwark councillors have unanimously backed a motion supporting the idea of a 'buffer zone' around the Blackfriars Medical Practice in Colombo Street where anti-abortion campaigners have held regular protests.
The cross-party motion was proposed by Cathedrals ward Lib Dem councillor David Noakes – in whose ward the Blackfriars Medical Centre is located – and seconded by Labour's Radha Burgess.
You can listen to their speeches in full on this page.
1. That 50 years ago the Abortion Act 1967, was introduced by Liberal MP David Steel as a Private Members Bill, and passed in a free vote, making abortion legal in Great Britain, although not Northern Ireland.
2. That this motion is not about the arguments for or against abortion but rather about a woman's legal right to go to a clinic without intimidation or harassment.
3. That members will have their own personal views about abortion and that these should be respected.
4. That anti-abortion protesters have been protesting outside Blackfriars Medical Centre in Colombo Street, SE1, which is an NHS GP practice, for at least 3 years where a British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS) clinic is based.
5. That the anti-abortion protestors have emotional and distressing images and have body cameras, that they claim to have for their own protection, which can also capture those coming and going from the clinic.
6. The cross party campaign by a number of members of parliament, including Labour MPs Diane Abbott and Rupa Huq, to introduce "buffer zones" and notes a recent YouGov survey that showed that over half the MPs who responded supported a change in the law.
7. The motion passed by Ealing Council which "commits to fully explore every possible option" and "to take all necessary actions within its powers, utilising all necessary resources, to prevent anti-abortion protesters from intimidating and harassing women outside the Marie Stopes Clinic on Mattock Lane".
8. That while the right to protest is an important right in a free society, the right to advice and a legal safe abortion without intimidation and harassment for women should not be compromised by these protests.
9. To engage with other interested parties including BPAS, Blackfriars Medical Centre, Southwark Police, Neil Coyle MP, Cathedrals ward councillors, Southwark CCG (Clinical Commissioning Group) and local residents to consider whether similar action should be pursued outside the Blackfriars Medical Centre/BPAS clinic in Colombo Street and if necessary any other clinics in Southwark.
10. To investigate whether Southwark Council should work with Ealing Council, and other interested local councils such as Lambeth Council in regards to identifying the appropriate legislation to use to install a "buffer zone" outside our clinics and defend any potential legal challenge, recognising that Southwark residents may travel outside the borough to access abortions.
11. To support the campaign for new legislation to be introduced by the Government to legalise "buffer zones" outside abortion clinics.
Ruth Rawlins, spokeswoman for campaign group Abort67, told us: "Buffer zones are not about protecting individuals, i.e. women, but about protecting businesses.
"The current laws already protect women and all people against harassment. Our public education displays use banners and leaflets with information on abortion that the public has a right to know.
"The police are watching us, as are the clinic's security cameras, and there has never been any evidence of harassment or preventing access to clinics because it simply doesn't happen.
"Councillors and MPs are being manipulated by the abortion lobby, they are then misleading their colleagues and the general public when they re-broadcast lies without checking facts. This is a tyrannical abuse of power in a democratic society by our leaders. The facts matter.
"As far as we are aware, we are the only pro-life group who has a presence outside Blackfriars Medical Practice, yet these allegations are general and vague and they do not accuse us by name – a sure sign of lack of evidence.
"This is why we film all of our displays to defend ourselves against false allegations such as these. The burden of proof is on the accuser, and so far there is nothing but hearsay and opinions."
The manager of the BPAS Southwark treatment unit said: "I am delighted that the Southwark Council has voted to explore solutions to this important issue.
"The women who attend our clinics do so for a huge variety of reasons, and each individual woman deserves to have the right to access reproductive healthcare without being confronted by the views of others.
"Some women are accessing our services in the midst of unimaginably difficult circumstances, and for some vulnerable women anonymity is really important.
"We aim to offer a completely non-judgmental and supportive environment for all of our clients, to enable them to access safe terminations of pregnancy as well as other sexual health services.
"Protesters make this more difficult and the presence of protesters can be unnerving for both clients and staff. It can be intimidating and upsetting for people (women, their families/friends) who are often already working through a difficult period in their life."


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...is tomorrow! We've finally managed to relocate to my beloved Florida. It took me 25 years....but I'm FINALLY here and loving it! We are looking forward to moving ARTful Salvage into a whole new level now. It was sooo frustrating having the move take 6 months instead of 6 weeks!! Ugh! But we are HERE!
So, I guess now you understand why there has been very little posting.....so sorry. :( But that is about to change. We are doing 3-4 shows before the end of this year and I have finally gotten my ART Studio and my Glass Studio unpacked and functional. Woot Woot! I cannot wait to get back to repurposing and making ART!
I will have many more pics to share after the show tomorrow but I can show you the new plate flowers I made. I finished up 12 and have snapped pics of a few that are heading out with us. Hubs needs to make some more copper stems before the next shows. Anywho.....here they are. (Do click on them to really see the details if you please).
I am so glad that you were able to continue shows with your garden art...Please post where you will be for your shows, i might just be able to make it to one...plate flowers are gorgeous..
I am once again in awe of your creativity. Your flowers are gorgeous.
OPh my these are fabulous... Good luck at your show.
Cute. Good luck tomorrow but I'm sure they will go like hotcakes!
Your plate flowers are fabulous! Makes me almost wish I had a garden to put them in. If you ever do any miniatures for us apartment dwellers, let me know!


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Mamie Buazo Ngazale (born 24 December 1988), known as Mamie Buazo, is a DR Congolese footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. She has been a member of the DR Congo women's national team.

Club career
Buazo has played for Grand Hôtel in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

International career
Buazo was capped for the DR Congo at senior level during the 2006 African Women's Championship.

See also
 List of Democratic Republic of the Congo women's international footballers

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Kinshasa
Democratic Republic of the Congo women's footballers
Women's association football goalkeepers
Democratic Republic of the Congo women's international footballers
21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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AMD Noise Suppression For Radeon GPUs Accidentally Leaks
Somewhere in Texas, an intern has (probably) just been let go from AMD. Over on the official AMD subreddit a video popped up yesterday titled "Elevate Your Audio Experience – AMD Noise Suppression." The video is now marked Private, but like all things on the Internet people were able to save a version of it. As the title suggests, an upcoming driver will allow Radeon GPU owners to eliminate extraneous noise in video, voice calls, and when gaming. However, it's not clear which GPUs will support this technology, or when it will launch.
The Redditor who shared the illicit video posted some details before it was taken down. According to them, noise cancellation is a setting that will appear in the Audio and Video tab of an upcoming driver. Activating the feature "will install a new virtual audio device that you can use in your applications." The video, which was reposted by Tom's Hardware, says it's powered by a "real-time deep learning algorithm," which is a bit buzzwordy. The algorithm delivers two-way noise reduction for both input and output. Finally, it works across apps and games, but no software titles were listed.
A potato quality version of the video was saved, as per tradition. (Image: Reddit)
Since this looks legit, we can do away with the "if this is true" speculation. Therefore, it seems AMD wants to deliver something akin to Nvidia's RTX Voice. That's a feature available on Nvidia GPUs that uses their AI capabilities to remove background noise from livestreams, voice chat, and video conferencing. It can be especially useful for streamers with mechanical keyboards, for obvious reasons. Despite its RTX branding, it's been discovered to work on older GTX graphics cards as well.
This sort of technology appears to be gaining new popularity. Recently a block diagram of Intel's 14th generation Meteor Lake CPU was posted, and it mentioned something similar. Under a section describing its vision processing unit (VPU), it lists "Broad noise suppression" as a feature. The same section lists Intel GNA 3.5, which is a new version of its Gaussian and Neural Accelerator. This low-power, neural co-processor is capable of features such as noise reduction and speech recognition.
As always with AMD, it'll be interesting to see if this technology works on older Radeon cards or if it's reserved for RDNA / RDNA2. Or, if they are only going to allow it RDNA-based cards. The worst outcome (though it seems a bit unlikely) would be AMD reserving this feature for RDNA3 GPUs. Older architectures like Polaris and Vega are not supported by recent AMD technologies like Radeon Super Resolution. AMD's FidelityFX Super Resolution (FSR) 2.0 also requires at least an RDNA2 GPU.
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Robert Graham joined League and Williams in May 2018 after more than 6 years of practice in the areas of real estate, estate planning, estate administration and corporate matters. Robert has been called to both the British Columbia Bar in 2012 and the Alberta Bar in 2016. Robert studied economics before being admitted to the Faculty of Law at the University of Saskatchewan.
Robert Graham enjoys advising his clients on estate planning, estate administration, real estate transactions, and corporate matters. Robert is experienced in working closely with clients and other professionals, including other lawyers, financial planners, and accountants to provide sound business, succession and tax planning advice. Robert's clients appreciate his straightforward approach to the practice of law with an emphasis on providing personal and practical solutions to their legal issues.
Outside of the practice of law, Robert enjoys photography, travelling, music, cooking, and wine.


You should take a look at Spock. It's not quite there, but has the seeds of what you are tying to track, in that it is people centric.
Thanks for the comment. Spock does allow you to tag people but you can't do much with the functionality after that except see other people with a certain tag.
The simple but surprisingly not yet existing functionality is to tag your friends and colleagues (in address books or social networking sites like LinkedIn, etc.) and then be able to send a communication to just that group based on the tag.
For example, I want to send an article I just read to all the people I know - friends, colleagues and acquaintances, as well as any subscribers of my activity (e.g.; fans), who are interested in synthetic biology, or whatever other tag.
An even bigger possibility is to receive a notification anytime anything (person, information, etc.) anywhere on public web sites is tagged with my affinity interests.
There's no way to interact based on tags in these ways yet.
Agree completely there. But the social networks have to be smart too, since two different tags can have the same intent. Some semantic mapping would be useful there.
Thanks for the discussion, I agree, even the Spock tags have somewhat limited use since they do not have another level of information making them more meaningful.
Eventually, I see information being modulated with relevancy attributes.
Let's discuss further at Scifoo. Great blog, btw, I love the Bioscreencast.com concept & thank you for drawing attention to the Science Commons work.


We're learning to play euchre. John and Patricia are teaching us. From this day forward, I'm going to keep a deck of cards in my purse just in case anyone might want to sit and play some euchre. We're heading to a graduation party for a fantastic kid in a bit. I'm thinking this fantastic kid or some of her fellow graduates might like to sit down and play some euchre. Let's get EUCHRE SUMMER started, my friends.
I don't know how to play Euchre.
I have played euchre but no one ever wants to be my partner. Enough said.
Okay, Ms. Teague. EUCHRE SUMMER!!!! Let's do this FRIEND!