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The Walled Orchard: A Review --- Susan Price
By Susan Price - May 25, 2019
The only real regret I have about growing so old is the fact that I shan't live long enough to read the scathing dismemberment of the clowns who presently infest our public life by a historian who has access to all the evidence and can expose every lie, reveal the source of every pay-off and back-hander, can trace the cause and effect of every stupid blunder. But then, if I could last long enough to read the book, the rage induced by it would certainly finish me off.
I've been taking refuge in historical novels. I enjoy them. I enjoy trying to imagine myself in a world different to mine in almost every way, and understanding that world from a different mind-set.
Tom Holt is best known for writing comic fantasies -- a Rhine Maiden twisting modern men around her little finger, a modern international company being managed by a dwarf from the Nibelungenlied. If you want to read a darkly comic satire on office politics and how they're merely a pale reflection of the true power struggle between immortal gods and nymphs, Tom Holt is your man.
The Walled Orchard, Tom Holt
After enjoying several of his fantasies, I came across his The Walled Orchard, which is very different. It's set in the Athens of Socrates (who has a minor walk-on part) and is an exceptionally good historical novel. On first reading it, many years ago, and reading it again recently, I was surprised that Holt isn't far better known as a historical novelist.
The thing that struck me about The Walled Orchard both times I've read it, is that there's no gasp about it. I think most historicals have a gasp: -- either a gasp of horror and thankfulness that things were so horrible then and aren't any longer, or else a gasp of longing for a lost age of more Grace, Grandeur, Freedom or whatever the author imagines the past had and the present doesn't.
Wikimedia: Frankie Boyle
But the narrative of The Walled Orchard does not gasp. I can't think of another historical novel that so completely envelops you in its time. It finds ancient Athens completely ordinary and rather grubby, every day, annoying and disappointing. Just like today, in fact. The book cares nothing for the future or its judgement. It's funny, scathing, angry -- reading it is like listening to some honest, forthright and witty person raging about the bunch of numpties that have somehow inveigled themselves into power in our day. In fact, think Frankie Boyle in chiton and sandals.
The narrator of The Walled Orchard is Eupolis, a gentleman farmer whose vocation is writing comedies for the festival of Dionysus -- he hasn't much time for tragedies, finding them tiresome in the extreme, but he does know Euripedes a bit and is willing to gossip about him. (He also knows Aristophanes, his rival in the comedy stakes. He hates him.)
Eupolis' stock in trade is making fun of Athens' famous democracy and its famously democratic politicians and much of the book is a great rant about the stupidity and greed of the politicians and the (possibly) even greater stupidity and greed of the citizens -- not the slaves or the poor or the women, of course. They don't have votes and don't count in this fine democracy. (And Eupolis is fine with that.)
Eupolis admits to his own stupidity -- it led to him becoming embroiled in Athens' stupid, greedy attempt to conquer Sicily, which ended badly. The Athenian citzen chosen to be the army's general is ill and has no military experience whatsoever, while the Athenian navy and army are complacent and over-confident, certain that beating the Syracusans will 'be easy'. Oh, so easy.
Eupolis gives us an account of the Syracusan war, of a battle fought by night, where the Athenian army gets lost (several times) and then attacks itself and its allies (several times) because it can't tell who is who in the dark. It's both funny and appalling.
You can't help but be reminded of another bunch of incompetent, complacent boneheads, much nearer us in time and space, who are clattering around in the dark, attacking the wrong people and blaming everyone except themselves. Holt wrote the book 22 years ago but it's suddenly taken on a very contemporary ring.
Eupolis manages to get himself back to Athens, arriving before the news of the Athenian army's extermination. On learning about the defeat, and about the men and ships that have been lost, the city reels in shock -- and then looks round for a scapegoat. Its gaze falls on Eupolis.
There's much more to the book. The small details of everyday life in Athens are thick on every page but placed so deftly that you don't notice the skill with which they're introduced -- until you catch yourself believing that you're reading the memoirs of a man who lived that life, in that city and actually saw and did all these things.
Among all the down-to-earth, everyday gossip about what Euripides was really like, and how to improve your soil and increase your olive yield, and how to farm between Spartan invasions, there are a couple of supernatural episodes, which are unexpected and chilling.
Eupolis tells us how, as a boy, he nearly died in the plague outbreak that did kill his immediate family. He wakes, weak and dazed, in his deserted street and meets Dionysus, with whom he has a chat (recognising Him by His theatrical mask and prop leather phallus.) The God tells him that He kept Eupolis alive because He has a purpose for him. We'll meet again, says the God, and tells Eupolis where -- and they do meet there, in a thrown-away moment, all the more chilling for its sudden matter-of-factness. At this second meeting, Dionysus also informs him of a third and final meeting, which Eupolis is still awaiting in the book's closing pages.
After the plague leaves almost all his family dead, the young Eupolis finds himself rich from inheritances, in possession of enough land to join the city's upper classes. He not unnaturally concludes that Dionysus wants him to become a comic poet in His honour -- and he sets about serving the God by mocking and lambasting the city, its people and its politicians.
He hates Athens, he hates her stupid populace, he hates Tragedies and all other comic poets; he hates democracy and he hates his wife -- and he loves all of them, can't leave them, can't give them up.
Eupolis mentions that the plague has left him bald and with a twisted face -- he has a permanent, involuntary grin. His wife, Phaedra, a fearsome and unfaithful termagant, is beautiful when he first marries her but is later involved in a cart accident, where she is kicked in the face by a mule. Her broken jaw, badly set, leaves her with a permanent grin. So not only are they like an Athenian Punch and Judy, a knockabout stage comedy couple but they both grin like a couple of Comedy masks. Both of them mask their own natures too -- and perhaps Athens' theatre of noble tragedies and tragic heroes is a mask that hides the city's true spirit, which might be thought closer to the phalluses, scatology, abuse and violence of the comedies.
Comedy is always about real life, baseness and failure, while Tragedy is about the sublime: impossible Gods and heroes. Eupolis lives and ends his life as a comic hero -- a failure as a husband and a father, a playwright who knows his plays will be forgotten and who didn't even mean as much to His God as he thought he did. He advises us to heed the one thing he's learned in life which is: While travelling, go and have something to eat immediately and leave the sight-seeing until later. Then at least you've had a good meal.
The Walled Orchard certainly isn't a failure. It's impressive and it achieves this difficult thing: it makes you see ancient Athens as clearly and realistically as it's perhaps possible for us to see it: as completely ordinary and a bit squalid. No gasp at all.
Tom Holt's other novels set in ancient Greece are also well worth a read:
Alexander At The World's End.
Susan Price's historical trilogy
The Sterkarm Handshake,
A Sterkarm Kiss and
Sterkarm Tryst,
can be found here.
Susan Price's website is here.
' Authors Electric Blog author of Sterkarm Handshake book recommendation book review Frankie Boyle Susan Price The Walled Orchard Tom Holt
Bill Kirton said…
The best bit of marketing I've read for ages, Susan. Thanks for the tip. We have such reverence for Ancient Greece that this sort of take on it sounds fascinating and very attractive.
Penny Dolan said…
That praise & enthusiasm will certainly make me look out for this Tim Holt title.
Umberto Tosi said…
I can't wait to read "The Walled Orchard" after your vivid review. Thank you. I can relate, in my own historical fiction writing research, to seeing the past up close as neither excessively horrid or noble - but ridiculously like us in so many chilling ways.
Ann Turnbull said…
I shall definitely look for this one - thanks, Susan.
Susan Price said…
It is worth a read. Thanks for your comments!
Sandra Horn said…
Intriguing! I often find historical fiction disappointing because of the implied exclamation marks but this sounds very different. Can't not read it now.
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text:
3 mobile trends shaping up in 2021
Amir Shaked, SVP Revenue at ironSource
Editor's note: This article is based on ironSource SVP of Revenue Amir Shaked's exclusive presentation at the virtual LevelUp 2021 conference. Check out the video from LevelUp 2021 below.
It's been a landmark year for mobile in many ways already - from iOS privacy updates, COVID-19 driving people into their homes and onto their mobile devices, and the rise of 5G. With the state of mobile shifting, certain trends have emerged in 2021 that are set to define the industry well into the future.
For developers, recognizing industry trends can help ensure you're reaching users effectively today and preparing your business for success later. Here are three mobile trends to watch in 2021 and key takeaways for each.
1. User behavior is changing in a post-COVID-19 world
Before COVID-19, the gap in ad revenue generated by mobile apps between weekends and weekdays was large, with developers on ironSource's mediation solution earning 15% more revenue on weekends. This made sense, as people had more free time to play games on their phones on the weekends. During the pandemic, however, this gap decreased significantly as users spent more time indoors and on their mobile devices - in March 2020 in the US, there was only a 5% difference in revenue on weekends vs. weekdays.
While the gap in ad revenue has since stabilized at 10%, weekday revenue continues to grow. As we see in the graph below, weekday revenue growth in the US increased 7% from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020.
The worst of COVID-19 appears to be over in many countries around the world, but user behavior doesn't seem to be returning to pre-pandemic patterns. Israel, for example, which returned to a sense of normalcy earlier than most countries due to high vaccination rates, saw the gap in weekday vs. weekend ad revenue decrease after March - and it continued to remain low despite the country reopening. We see the same user behavior mirrored in other nations coming out of lockdown, too.
Looking at early data from countries coming out of COVID-19, we see that users are continuing to spend more time in apps on weekdays than ever before. This could be due to several factors - for example, an increase in the number of people working from home, as well as new audiences (like older individuals) who started using apps more often since the pandemic.
The greatest impact of COVID-19 on the mobile industry has already come and gone - and we're not expecting more drastic changes to occur. The changes in user behavior that decreased the gap between weekday and weekend revenue represent a shift in the industry that's likely to remain for the foreseeable future.
2. Android is now a major focus for developers
Since the iOS 14 privacy updates have brought its challenges, we see developers spending more time and resources growing their games on Android. Four key areas indicate this shift:
Share of ad revenue on Android is growing
Let's start with the fact that the Android revenue share of voice in the US has increased since April 2021. eCPMs are rising too, and for the first time, eCPM on Android was higher than iOS in the US. As revenue potential on this OS continues to grow, we're expecting more developers to increase their focus on Android.
Advertisers are launching more titles on Android
On the ironSouce network, there are now more live titles running UA campaigns on Android than iOS - indicating developers are paying attention to Android now more than ever. This is true across all game genres, with 47% more sports and racing titles launched on Android since January 2021, for example.
There's a 9% increase in hyper-casual titles on Android in the US, too, which indicates developers are running more marketability tests on this OS. This is a major industry shift - in the past, we've seen hyper-casual games typically test on iOS first, as in-game metrics and LTV tended to be higher on iOS. Now, however, more developers are testing on Android because they can get transparency into campaign performance and are seeing positive results in terms of scale.
CPI on Android is increasing
As more developers launch titles on Android, competition is increasing and advertisers are bidding higher - resulting in an increase in CPI. In fact, CPI grew 40% on Android in the US in May compared to January.
CPIs grew across all game genres on Android, to varying degrees, indicating that advertisers are recognizing Android's potential to help them scale - as a result, they're launching more campaigns and bidding higher:
295% higher CPI for sports and racing games
128% increase for casino games
47% increase for both hyper-casual and casual games
40% higher CPI for mid-core games
Advertisers are focusing more on Android optimization
With growth in revenue and CPI on Android, developers are seeing real benefits to optimizing campaigns on this OS for maximizing scale and revenue.
We're seeing proof of this trend in the increase in campaigns on Android that are using the ironSource ROAS optimizer tool, which automatically optimizes campaigns towards ROAS goals. Since September 2020, the growth in number of optimizer campaigns on Android has been steadily increasing, as indicated by the graph below.
Clearly, Android is the platform developers should lean on right now with eCPM, CPI, and revenue all increasing. Make sure you don't get left behind - start testing on Android, adjust your bids, and optimize campaigns sooner rather than later.
3. Non-gaming apps represent a major opportunity for gaming UA
In the past, non-gaming apps usually monetized with display ads - in addition to IAPs - while ad units like rewarded videos and video interstitials were far less common. Now, however, we're seeing more non-gaming apps using video ad-based monetization strategies.
More non-gaming developers monetizing with SDK networks is a huge opportunity for gaming advertisers, as non-gaming supply is seen to drive high quality users for games. On the ironSource network during 2021, D7 ARPU for gamers that come from non-gaming traffic sources is higher than those arriving from other games. For example, shooter games have a 108% higher ARPU from UA campaigns on non-gaming traffic sources compared to users that came from gaming apps.
In addition to increased quality, non-gaming apps also work well to drive scale for gaming advertisers, by creating new opportunities and diversifying traffic sources. Often, advertisers will compete with each other on SDK networks to get their ads shown in games from the same genre, like hyper-casual advertisers showing ads in hyper-casual games. This creates a closed environment which increases the difficulty in attracting users - for example, over 60% of user traffic in puzzle games comes from other puzzle games. For non-gaming apps, however, 60% of ads are of gaming apps that span genres like puzzle, simulation, and casino, which gives game developers a greater opportunity to reach users from outside their own genre.
With more advertisers vying for bids on non-gaming traffic, CPIs are on the rise. Before the competition and bids get too high, now is the time to expand your UA to non-gaming and capitalize on its explosive growth and quality users.
Times are certainly changing, and we're seeing these three trends emerge from the shifting industry to define the near - if not far - future. We're seeing advertisers and developers adapt their strategies by capitalizing on the increase in revenue on weekdays, pivoting to Android for testing, scaling and optimizing, and expanding UA to non-gaming traffic.
Any trends we missed? Let us know what you think by commenting or reaching out to me on LinkedIn.
Podcast240 A/B tests later: Two philosophies for optimizing your subscription appSviat Hnizdovskyi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Lois Lane's Super Christmas
Written by argonaut	:: [Monday, 24 December 2012 04:26]	Last updated by :: [Sunday, 21 June 2015 09:40]
662 Lois Lane's Super Christmas /index.php?option=com_flexicontent&view=item&cid=203:storybank-by-title&id=662:lois-lane-s-super-christmas&Itemid=228
CHRISTMAS IS A TIME FOR GIVING – AND IN THIS IMAGINARY STORY, LOIS LANE RECEIVES THE MOST WONDERFUL PRESENT IMAGINABLE: SUPER-POWERS JUST LIKE THOSE OF THE MAN OF STEEL HIMSELF! FINALLY, HE CAN MARRY HER WITHOUT WORRYING THAT HER LIFE WOULD BE IN DANGER FROM HIS ENEMIES! PUT SOME TINSEL ON THE TREE, POUR YOURSELF A GLASS OF EGGNOG, AND READ ALL ABOUT …
"LOIS LANE'S SUPER-CHRISTMAS!"
OUR IMAGINARY STORY BEGINS IN LOIS LANE'S APARTMENT ON THE AFTERNOON OF DECEMBER 24 …
"I'm glad you dropped by," said Lois, handing Superman a cup of eggnog. She clinked her cup against his. "Merry Christmas."
"Merry Christmas." Superman took a sip of eggnog and set the cup down on the coffee table. "Actually, I – I had a special reason for coming over."
"Oh?" Lois could feel her heartbeat quicken. Was Superman finally going to propose?
"Maybe we'd better sit down." Superman took her hands in his as he sat down next to her on the sofa. Lois gazed at him expectantly.
"Lois, we've been talking a lot lately about geting married," he began. "But – well, I'm afraid I have some bad news."
"If it's the old excuse about how my life would be in danger from your enemies-"
"No, no. It's not that."
"Then what is it?"
Superman hesitated, choosing his words with care. "I've been talking with Kandor's leading physicians," he said, "and they all agree that – er – physical intimacy between a super Kryptonian and an Earthling would be fatal – fatal for the Earthling, that is."
"Lois, you know I wouldn't hurt you for anything in the universe. But in the – uh – throes of passion, so to speak …" Superman was blushing furiously. "Do I need to spell it out?"
"No." Lois shook her head. She'd been afraid it might come down to this. How could she be physically intimate with a man who could crush lumps of coal into diamonds with his bare hands?
"Believe me, Lois, I wish there were some way …"
Lois stood up. She grabbed the cups from the coffee table and strode toward the kitchen, blinking away tears of disappointment. "It's all right. I understand."
"I hope we can still be-"
"Don't say it." She didn't turn around. "I think – I think you should leave now, okay?"
There was a moment of silence. "I'm sorry, Lois. Good-bye."
Lois heard the sound of a window being raised. Traffic noises from the street below drifted into the apartment. She paused in the kitchen doorway, waiting until she was sure that Superman had gone. An icy draft made her shiver. "Oh, for heaven's sake," she muttered.
Shaking her head in exasperation, she put the cups in the sink and returned to the living room. Sure enough, Superman had left the window wide open. She shut it with a bang and began pacing around the apartment, her thoughts in a turmoil.
After a while, she stopped and took a deep breath. "Get a grip," she scolded herself. "Don't mope around here all afternoon. Go out and get a scoop for the Planet."
But where could she find a story on Christmas Eve? She thought for a few moments. "I'll go see Professor Potter," she decided. "Maybe he has a new invention I could write about."
SOON, IN THE LABORATORY OF THE ECCENTRIC SCIENTIST AND INVENTOR PHINEAS POTTER …
"Why, yes," beamed the Professor. "Let me see ... Ah! As a writer, you'll be interested in this, I'm sure."
He led Lois to a worktable where a microphone and a typewriter were connected to a jumble of wires and electronic gadgetry. "It's a machine that types from dictation," he explained proudly. "Allow me to demonstrate."
He put a sheet of paper into the typewriter; then, clearing his throat, he spoke into the microphone: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times."
The typewriter clattered away for a few moments. Professor Potter pulled out the sheet of paper and handed it to Lois. A single line of print along the top of the page read: It wuz the best uv times, it wuz the wurst uv times.
"I still need to work out a few bugs," the Professor admitted. "But – my dear Miss Lane, what on Earth is the matter?"
It was no use. Lois had hoped that a visit to Professor Potter would cheer her up, but all the emotions she had been suppressing for the past hour came bursting out in a flood of tears.
"I – I'm sorry," she sobbed. Pulling a handkerchief from her handbag. "It's just – I got some bad news this afternoon …"
"Dear me!" said the Professor. "How dreadful! And on Christmas Eve, too! Now you just sit down …"
He conducted Lois to a threadbare but comfortable sofa, then filled a large beaker with tap water and set it over a flaming Bunsen burner. "There! I'll make you a nice cup of tea and you can tell me all about it."
Five minutes later, Lois was sipping tea from a chipped porcelain mug and pouring her heart out to the kindly inventor.
"And that's that." Lois sighed. "I can't marry the man I love because he's a super Kryptonian and I'm just a frail Earth woman."
Professor Potter nodded thoughtfully. "I do see your problem," he said. "But I think I have a solution."
"You – you do?"
"Yes, indeed." He pointed to a cylindrical chamber standing in a corner of the laboratory, next to a console bristling with levers and dials. "I recently succeeded in isolating a few grams of the rare element vivanium – enough to fuel a device that can endow an ordinary human being such as yourself with powers identical to Superman's."
Lois stared, incredulous. "You mean I'd have all of Superman's powers? Super-strength? Invulnerability? Flying? The whole nine yards?"
"Certainly – if you don't mind being my first test subject." The Professor beamed. "Consider it a Christmas present."
"And these powers would be permanent?"
"Quite permanent, I assure you."
Lois stood up. "I'll do it." Professor Potter's inventions didn't always work out as he intended, but that was a risk she was willing to take.
"Splendid!" The Professor led the way to the chamber and opened a door set into its smooth metallic surface. "Just step inside," he told Lois. "The process will only take a few moments."
Lois stood nervously inside the chamber as Professor Potter shut the door. She was beginning to have second thoughts about allowing herself to be a guinea pig for one of the Professor's inventions. She remembered the time his freckle-removing cream made Jimmy Olsen invisible …
But it was too late to back out now. A crimson light was illuminating the chamber. Lois felt a strange tingling sensation spread from her fingers and toes to her arms and legs. The sensation grew stronger, more intense, as a fantastic energy began to surge through every muscle in her body. She closed her eyes, surrendering to the power coursing through her …
"Miss Lane?" There was a tap at the door. "You can come out now."
Lois opened her eyes. Feeling somewhat light-headed, she stepped out of the chamber. Professor Potter was peering at her with a mixture of concern and scientific curiosity. "How do you feel?" he asked.
Lois took a deep breath. "I feel – I feel …" Suddenly her face lit up. "I feel super!" She picked up a heavy steel bar from a worktable and held it out in front of her, gripping one end in each hand; then, with one smooth effortless motion, she bent it double.
"My word!" exclaimed Professor Potter.
"Goodness!" Lois could hardly believe it herself. "It worked! I've got super-strength! Wait'll I tell – look out!"
"Eh?" Startled, the Professor turned around. The console was shaking like a washing machine; wisps of acrid smoke were drifting from its interior …
In the blink of an eye, Lois was standing between Professor Potter and the console. The machine looked as if it might explode at any moment. "Get down!" she cried, just in the nick of time.
Sparks flew from the console. There was a massive electrical discharge and a muffled roar as the device blew apart. Metal shards flew in all directions, along with bits and pieces of the machine's electronic innards, striking the walls, the ceiling – and Lois's invulnerable body. Then silence.
Lois glanced down. Her clothes – or what was left of then – hung from her in charred tatters. "Are you all right?" she asked, without turning around.
"Y-yes," the Professor replied shakily. "Dear me! I wasn't expecting that. A slight miscalculation of the flux-field intensity, no doubt …"
"No doubt," said Lois. She held out an arm. "Could I borrow your lab coat, please?"
"Eh? Oh! Yes – yes, of course." Moments later, Lois was buttoning up the front of the coat the Professor had handed her. It was small on her – her arms stuck out of the sleeves and the hem fell several inches above her knees – but it served to protect her modesty.
"Your machine …" Lois began.
Professor Potter waved a hand dismissively. "Don't worry about that," he said. "I can build a new one. Unless …"
Taking a pair of forceps from a worktable, he bent to pick up a smoking coil of charred metal from the floor.
"Oh, dear," he said. "The vivanium coil has burnt out – and it will take me months to replace it."
"Oh, what a shame!" said Lois – hoping that she sounded more sorry than she felt.
"Well." said the Professor. "At least we proved that you're invulnerable."
"Yes," said Lois ruefully. "We also proved that I'm going to need a new wardrobe. My regular clothes will fall apart whenever I go into super-action."
Professor Potter was rummaging in a drawer. "Actually, I may be able to help you with that. If I can just – aha!" Triumphantly, he held up what looked like a tiny leotard. Lois regarded it with puzzlement. It was blue, with red piping – and barely large enough for a Barbie doll.
"Er – do you have something in my size?" she asked.
Professor Potter chuckled. "You misunderstand. This is a special fabric I've invented. Super-stretchable and virtually indestructible." He pointed to a door. " Why don't you try it on? You can change in there."
Lois was skeptical as she stepped into the next room and took off the Professor's lab coat, letting the charred scraps of her own clothing fall to the floor. But as she drew the garment over her legs and slid her arms into the sleeves, she discovered that the fabric stretched to cling snugly to every contour of her body.
"Not bad," she thought, regarding her reflection in a full-length mirror. "I'm glad I've been sticking to my diet. This outfit shows every curve and bulge."
Shoulders back, head held high, she strode back into the laboratory. "Well, Professor?" she grinned, striking a heroic pose. "What do you think?"
Professor Potter stared at her, open-mouthed. "It's – ah – very ... dramatic," he stammered, blushing.
Lois was feeling as excited as a child on Christmas morning, eager to play with her new toys.. "Golly, Professor, I can't wait to give my super-powers a workout. Do you mind if I --?"
"No, no – of course not. Have fun." He pressed a button on the wall. Overhead, a skylight swung open with a grinding of gears, letting a cold draft sweep through the laboratory.
Lois bent down to plant a kiss on Professor Potter's bald head. "Thank you," she said. "This is the best Christmas present ever! How can I ever thank you?"
"You're quite welcome, my dear. Just be sure to invite me to the wedding."
"Count on it!" Lois sprang upward, through the skylight and out into the cold winter air.
MOMENTS LATER, SUPER-LOIS IS FLYING JOYFULLY ABOVE THE STREETS OF METROPOLIS!
Lois felt as warm as toast, despte the frosty temperature that held the city in its grip. Flying too high to be seen by the passers-by below, she gazed down on the streets and rooftops, using her super-vision to watch the crowds of last-minute shoppers, the ice-skaters in Shuster Park, the people hurrying home to spend Christmas Eve with their families. With her super-hearing, she listened to the carolers on the street corners, the bells of the Salvation Army Santa Clauses, and the shouts of "Merry Christmas!" that issued from every throat.
Flying above the shopping district, she felt a sudden impulse to look down into Kosterman's jewelry store. It had closed earlier that day and the front windows were shuttered; but Lois saw that a back door leading into an alleyway had been forced open; that the burglar alarm had been disabled; and that three men in dark clothing were smashing the display cases in the front showroom and stuffing jewelry into cloth bags.
Swiftly, Lois flew down into the alley behind the store. Entering the back room through the door that stood ajar, Lois made her way quietly through a dark office and into the showroom.The thieves were so busy filling their sacks with jewelry that they didn't notice Lois coming through the door behind them.
"Doing some last-minute Christmas shopping, fellas?" she asked.
The thieves spun round.
"Holy cow!" one of them exclaimed. "Who's the fancy dame?"
"Who cares?" snarled another, reaching into his jacket. "Plug her!"
Gunshots rang out in the showroom as the robbers fired away with their Magnums. Lois stood, casually inspecting her fingernails, as bullets bounced every which way from her invulnerable super-body, striking the walls, the floor, the ceiling.
"Yikes!" One of the thieves jumped to one side as a bullet grazed the sleeve of his jacket.
The gunshots ended as suddenly as they had begun. The robbers clicked away at their empty weapons as Lois covered her mouth to hide an ostentatious yawn. The floor was littered with flattened bullets and plaster chips from the cratered walls and ceiling.
"Didja see that, boss?" one of the thieves stammered. "She's bullet-proof – just like Superman!"
"Don't worry, boys," their leader said, stepping forward with his teeth bared in a malicious grin. "I came prepared."
He pulled something from the pocket of his jacket. It was about the size of an egg, and wrapped in a dull-grey metal foil.
"It's a Christmas present," he smirked. "Here – lemme unwrap it for you/"
He peeled back a corner of the foil, releasing a green radiance into the dimly-lit showroom.
Lois stepped back. "Kryptonite!" she gasped.
"That's right, sister," said the thief. "This stuff can weaken Superman – even kill him – so I guess it can do the same to you."
"No!" Lois retreated as the robber advanced until her back was against the showroom wall. Wincing, she turned away, holding out her arms in supplication as she slumped weakly to the floor.
"Not so tough now, are you, missy?" the robber smirked, thrusting the deadly rock in Lois's face.
"No," Lois begged. "Please …"
Then, unable to contain herself any longer, she burst into giggles. "Gotcha!" she said, jumping to her feet and snatching the kryptonite from the robber's hand.
"Sorry to disappoint you, boys," she said, as her fingers closed around the green rock. "But unlike Superman, I wasn't born on Krypton – so kryptonite can't even give me a mild tingle!" She squeezed, grinding the rock into a fine powder in her bare hands.
"Holy Toledo!" said one of the thieves. "This dame is tougher than Superman!"
"W-what do we do now, boss?" said his comrade.
"Run!" And the next moment, the three robbers were fleeing through the back door of the showroom.
Lois grinned, counting slowly to ten …
Outside, on the sidewalk, about a block from the jewelry store, the three robbers were scrambling into a black sedan.
"Step on it, Tony!" their boss snapped.
"I am, I am." The driver pressed down on the gas pedal, but the car didn't move.
"Release the parking brake, you idiot!"
"I did!"
Suddenly the thieves tumbled forward as the back of the sedan rose off the ground. Fearfully, they turned around. Lois was smiling at them through the rear window.
Leaping from their getaway car, the robbers ran off in three different directions. Lois flew after their leader, pulling his cap down over his eyes and dumping him unceremoniously in a drift of snow around the base of a street lamp. Moments later, the second robber was sitting beside him, then the third. Before they could recover their breath, Lois had torn a dozen yards of red Christmas bunting from a storefront and wrapped it tightly around them.
"There!" she said, tying the loose ends of the bunting into a large festive bow. "A Christmas present for Metropolis' finest! And just to make sure you stay here until they arrive …"
Grabbing the lamppost, she twisted it effortlessly around the indignant thieves.
"A crook can't make an honest living in this town," one of them muttered dejectedly.
"Yeah," his partner chimed in. "If Superman don't get you, then a super-dame will."
Lois could hear the wail of an approaching police car. Some bystander must have alerted the police.
"I can give them my statement later," she thought. "And fix the lamppost. But right now, I need to tell Superman this wonderful news." And she sprang up into the darkening sky.
TWENTY MINUTES LATER, OUTSIDE CLARK KENT'S APARTMENT …
Lois buttoned her calf-length winter coat up to the neck, then rang the doorbell. She could barely contain her excitement. On the way over, she'd thought of a dozen different ways to break the news to Superman, but she'd finally decided to play it by ear.
"Lois!" Clark was wearing a terry-cloth bathrobe; his hair was wet. "Come on in. I just stepped out of the shower."
"Hello, Clark," said Lois. "I'm sorry to barge in on you on Christmas Eve, but I wanted to apologize for the way I acted earlier. And I've got something to tell you."
"I'm glad you dropped by. Make yourself at home. I'll be back in a minute." He stepped into his bedroom, shutting the door behind him.
He came out a few minutes later, wearing a pair of dark slacks and a hideous red and green sweater that Perry White had given him last Christmas. "So what did you want to – Great Krypton!"
Clark's jaw dropped. Lois had removed her coat and stood before him in her skin-tight super-costume. One hand was resting casually on her hip, and with the other she was balancing Clark's sofa lightly on her shoulder.
"Lois!" Clark gasped. "You have super-strength?"
"And all your other powers, too." She set the sofa back on the floor.
"But – how?"
"I'll tell you the whole story later." Lois sat back in the sofa and patted the cushion next to her. "What's important is that we can get married, now that I'm just as super as you are."
Clark sank weakly into an armchair. "Lois – what have you done?"
"What's wong?" Lois felt a wave of anger rising within her. Was Clark about to come up with yet another reason for not marrying her? "I thought you'd be glad-"
"Please, Lois – just listen." Clark spoke slowly. "When I left your apartment earlier today, I started thinking ... what's the use of being a superman with all these powers if I can't marry the woman I love? So I came back here and took a lead box from my closet – something I've been keeping handy in case any villains escape from the Phantom Zone …"
"Oh, no …"
Clark nodded. "I exposed myself to gold kryptonite ... and it removed my super-powers – permanently."
"Which means …"
"Which means we're back where we were this morning – but with our roles reversed." Clark forced a rueful smile to his face. "What is it the French say? Plus ca change ... "
Lois turned away, her eyes brimming with tears. How ironic! She thought. To think that I can't marry the man I love – because Ihave super-powers ... and he doesn't!
AND SO OUR CHRISTMAS TALE ENDS ON A SAD NOTE! BUT CHEER UP, READERS! REMEMBER – THIS IS AN IMAGINARY STORY, WHICH MAY NEVER HAPPEN – BUT THEN AGAIN, IT MIGHT!
With grateful acknowledgments to O. Henry, whose classic tale "The Gift of the Magi" inspired this story.
Categories SWM Library Tags Christmas | Romance | Lois Lane | Superman | Costume | Super Senses | Flight | Invulnerability | Super Strength | Origin: Science Transformation


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TLT advises BTQ Limited on $60m US acquisition to deliver growth
TLT has advised BTQ Limited, one of the UK's leading providers of work safety equipment, on its acquisition by US-based MSA Safety, a global leader in the field.
Under the agreement, MSA Safety has acquired both the BTQ brands: Bristol Uniforms, the UK's top provider of personal protective equipment (PPE) to the fire and rescue service, and Bell Apparel, a leading line of technical work wear.
TLT has acted for BTQ for a number of years, including on the acquisition of Bell Apparel in 2015. BTQ employs nearly 200 people across four UK locations.
The transaction, which is valued at approximately US$60 million, will benefit BTQ by providing access to MSA's global reach and its innovative fire service PPE products.
The TLT team advising BTQ was led by corporate partners Andrew Webber and James Webb and drew upon expertise from across the firm's practice areas. The team included Rachel Kelly (corporate); Mark Braude (tax); Ed Pitt (real estate); and Ed Lacey (banking). RSM Corporate Finance also advised BTQ.
Ian Mitchell, joint managing director at Bristol Uniforms, says: "There's a great synergy between these two organisations. Today's acquisition means the Bristol brand can become even more successful outside of the UK, whilst creating new opportunities to serve our existing customer base, especially here in the UK.
"We are very grateful for TLT's support once again, and for the team's consistently good advice and efforts to ensure a smooth and successful transition for all."
Andrew Webber, partner and head of corporate at UK law firm TLT, adds: "We are very pleased to continue our support for such an established and respected industry brand, particularly as this pivotal deal represents the latest step in BTQ's ambitious growth journey.
"BTQ will benefit significantly from MSA's pool of resources and global positioning, creating new opportunities for both Bristol Uniforms and Bell Apparel.
"MSA's acquisition of BTQ is another example of the foreign investment we're seeing into the UK post-Brexit and of the value and reputation British brands continue to hold on the global stage."
Andrew Webber
Partner, head of Corporate Bristol
+44 (0)333 006 0085 Email me
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The Garretts are everything the Reeds are not. Loud, messy, affectionate. And every day from her rooftop perch, Samantha Reed wishes she was one of them… until one summer evening, Jase Garrett climbs up next to her and changes everything. As the two fall fiercely for each other, stumbling through the awkwardness and awesomeness of first love, Jase's family embraces Samantha — even as she keeps him a secret from her own. Then something unthinkable happens, and the bottom drops out of Samantha's world. She's suddenly faced with an impossible decision. Which perfect family will save her? Or is it time she saved herself? A transporting debut about family, friendship, first romance, and how to be true to one person you love without betraying another.
After I finished reading Allegiant, I was in mourning for days. I needed a contemporary novel — a happy novel with no death and destruction — to cheer me up, and that's how I came across My Life Next Door.
Where can I even start with how much I adored this book?! It completely took me by surprise. Let me tell you one thing — this isn't your average contemporary novel. It's not a book you're just gonna read and forget about later — it'll stick with you; probably forever. It's sweet and romantic and funny and BRILLIANT.
I loved every single character. They were so brilliantly, perfectly, and wonderfully written; they almost felt real. What I loved most about this book was the character development — we have Sam, who grows up with the pressure to be perfect from a strict mother; Jase, the boy next door who (trust me) has the key to your heart; and the entire Garrett family, made up of eight children and two lovely parents. The Garretts are loud, fun, hilarious, and SO adorable; like a family straight out of a magazine. This book doesn't just focus on the growing romance between Jase and Sam. It's much more than that.
It's a story about growing up, making one's own decisions, the importance of family, and living life without regret. That being said, this book is terrific. Huntley Fitzpatrick truly is talented. I laughed, cried, and remained blissfully happy after reading this. Go out and borrow it / buy it / download it — you'll fall in love just like I did; I guarantee it!


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Jackie Kallen on Boxing: Floyd Mayweather vs Canelo Alvarez Possible
By Jackie Kallen
There is a rumor rumbling that Canelo Alvarez will face the winner of Mayweather/Cotto. I hope it's more than a rumor and will eventually come to pass because that is the fight I have been dreaming about. I no longer give a damn whether Manny and Floyd ever meet up in the ring.
Tom Hogan – Hoganphotos/Golden Boy Promotions.
I just wish the promoters would give us the matches we, as fans, want. I am not at all excited about seeing 21 year-old Canelo beat the crap out of soon to be 42-year old Shane Mosley. There is no big challenge there. Mosley hasn't won a fight in over three years and it's unlikely he can overpower or out-speed Alvarez. He was a great champ in his day but his best days were back when he beat Oscar in 2000. Hello. It is 2012.
As for Mayweather, fighting Cotto, who is on a 3-fight winning streak is only slightly more interesting. Cotto is 10 years younger than Mosley, so at least Floyd has a younger target. But not too many boxing fans see Cotto coming out of the fight as the winner.
Unless Cotto turns in the performance of his life and Mayweather is rusty and bored–both Alvarez and Mayweather will win and will again be searching for the biggest, baddest man to face. If we take Pacman out of the equation–that leaves the two of them to face each other, which is exactly what I hope will happen.
Amir Kahn's name has been bounced around as a possible Mayweather opponent in the future, but his loss to Peterson tarnished his shine a bit. As for Peterson, is he ready to step up and face Floyd? Ortiz? Berto? Kirkland? Martinez? They are all possible. But who else is out there with the record and flash of Canelo? He stands out in the crowd.
A lot of people feel that Canelo is too young, hasn't paid his dues and should not get a shot against Mayweather yet. Bullshit. If he feels up to the challenge and if the fans want to see it–bring it on. Floyd is a great fighter, but we don't know yet if Alvarez will be as good (or better).
Properly marketed, Canelo/Floyd would be a huge event. Age versus youth. That formula always draws attention. Undefeated against undefeated. That works, too. Let this be the beginning of another Hearns/Hagler/Leonard/Duran era. Put the top names against each other and go around and around and let's see who beats who.
Jackie Kallen is a boxing manager who has been in the business for over three decades. Her life inspired the Meg Ryan film "Against the Ropes" and she was a part of the NBC series "The Contender." www.JackieKallen.com, www.facebook.com/JackieKallen


Former National Teacher of the Year recipient Jahana Hayes celebrates after winning the Democratic primary for Connecticut's 5th Congressional District in August.
It's a trend noted by the news media, teachers' unions, and educators themselves: Fed up with the state of public education, teachers are running for office.
And now, a new Education Week analysis shows that teachers are not only running—they're winning.
Out of the 158 current classroom teachers that Education Week confirmed were running for their state legislature, 101 have moved on to the general election. Thirty-seven of those teachers won their primaries, while 59 ran unopposed. Five are running as write-in candidates, so they didn't have to go through a primary.
"If even just a handful of us win a seat [in November], ... then teachers will have a voice at the Capitol—and we haven't had one in so very long," said Jennifer Samuels, an 8th grade teacher who is running for Arizona's House as a Democrat.
While these teachers are scattered across the country in 32 states, many are in Oklahoma—15 teachers won their primaries there, and 12 additional teachers in the Sooner State were unopposed. That's about a 42 percent success rate so far for the 64 teachers there who filed to run.
In Kentucky, there are five candidates running write-in campaigns, seven teachers were unopposed in the primary, and three teachers defeated their opponents—meaning 15 teachers out of 20 who started campaigns have advanced to the general election.
In Arizona, three teachers have moved on to the general election, and in West Virginia, six have advanced. In both of those states, only one teacher was knocked out during the primaries.
Most of these educators are first-time candidates, with little political experience. But they have one major advantage: They are riding the wave of teacher activism that began in a half-dozen states, including Arizona, Kentucky, Oklahoma, and West Virginia, in the spring.
In those states, teachers walked out of their classrooms to protest low wages, cuts to school funding, and, at least in Kentucky, changes to the state's public pension system.
"These days, when I come to [voters'] doors and say, 'Hey, I'm a public school teacher running for the legislature. You know why I'm here, don't you?'—at that point, they'll say, 'Yes, we know,' " said John Waldron, a high school social studies teacher who is running for Oklahoma's House as a Democrat. "People get that education hasn't been funded, and it's a crisis in Oklahoma."
After 10 years without pay raises, teachers in Oklahoma received an average $6,100 boost this spring, although they still walked out of their classrooms to call for more school funding.
While Education Week's analysis only includes teachers competing for state legislative seats, educators are also running in the general election for other high-profile positions. In Connecticut, Jahana Hayes, the 2016 National Teacher of the Year, won the Democratic primary for an open U.S. House of Representatives seat. Democratic U.S. Rep. Tim Walz, a former teacher, narrowly won the primary for governor of Minnesota. And Wisconsin schools Superintendent Tony Evers took the Democratic nomination for governor in that state.
Many retired teachers and administrators are running for state office this year, too, as well as teachers who are seeking election to school boards and other local offices.
It's the "year of the teacher," Waldron said. "Teachers want to make the world a better place, and now we're finding an appropriate venue for doing that in the field of politics."
Booker T. Washington High School teacher John Waldron and other educators walk on Route 66 between Tulsa and Sapulpa on their way to the Oklahoma State Capitol to protest education funding last April. Waldron is running for Oklahoma's House as a Democrat.
Educators say voters are especially attuned to the problems in public education after the walkouts. That engagement, along with a boost in donations and volunteers, is a major factor behind their primary wins.
In Kentucky's Republican primary, for instance, a high school math teacher beat out the incumbent, who is a House majority floor leader and an author of the controversial pension-reform plan that sparked the state's widescale teacher protests. R. Travis Brenda has credited his victory to massive support from educators.
And in Oklahoma, Craig Hoxie, a high school science teacher, is hoping to unseat the House majority whip, GOP state Rep. Terry O'Donnell. O'Donnell voted for teacher pay raises, but Hoxie said he has failed to take significant action to improve public education.
"He's part of the leadership that has failed for so many years now to bring about real change," he said.
For Jennie Scott, a 4th grade teacher who is running for Oklahoma's House as a Democrat, her status as a teacher might have given her an advantage in the primary, too.
She said she was more informed than her opponent about specific solutions to issues like teacher shortages. And voters seemed receptive to listening to her, Scott said.
"Teachers are a very trusted part of our community for the most part," she said. "We entrust our children with teachers."
While most of the teachers running for office this year are first-time candidates, a few are on their second lap. In 2016, about 40 teachers ran for the Oklahoma legislature, though many were knocked out during the primary. Only about five teachers were victorious overall.
Some of those educators now say they're more experienced and better organized than they were two years ago, when they struggled to raise money and articulate their vision to enough voters.
"I think I'm in a much better, stronger position," said Waldron, who ran for the state Senate in 2016 and lost in the general election.
So far in his race—this time for the state House—he's knocked on 10,000 doors in his district and is talking to people for the second or third time, he said.
"I bring a different energy to the door now," he said. "I'm not there to confront people or argue with them. Instead of meeting them head-to-head, I'm standing there side to side and pointing out what's wrong with our state."
There is also more collaboration among the teachers this time, he said—just last month, there was a union-organized campaign rally for the dozen teachers running for office in the Tulsa area.
Waldron said it's easier to get both campaign contributions and volunteers this year. That's partly because of his previous campaign, he said, but it's also because of the new political awareness of the problems facing schools in the state.
Indeed, the state's teacher walkout has changed the tone of the campaign by placing education at the top of voters' minds, said Jacobi Crowley, a crisis interventionist in the Lawton school district who is running for the Oklahoma House again, after losing in 2016.
"This April really provided that wave of enthusiasm and hope [for] something different," he said.
Many of the teachers running this year are also part of another historic movement: More women are seeking political office than ever before, experts say. Indeed, more than half the candidates in Education Week's database are women (although that's still a much smaller percentage than the percentage of all teachers who are female).
And while about 88 percent of the teachers who will be on the ballot in November are Democrats, candidates say their conversations on public education with voters often transcend party lines.
"Public school funding is an issue that most people agree should not be a partisan issue," said Joe Bisaccia, a middle school teacher who's running for the Arizona House.
Sarah Carnes, a high school art teacher who's vying for the state House in Oklahoma as a Democrat, said that she makes a point to tell Republican voters: "I'm here to represent everybody, because that's what I've been doing as a teacher."
The experience of working in diverse schools has paid off in her campaign, she said.
"Ultimately, teachers are really good mediators and mentors, and we help solve problems in the classroom, and we work with parents hand in hand," Carnes said. "We want to help everybody, that's why we have giving hearts. I think that's what's connecting and resonating with the constituents right now."


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In this work we present some applications of graph theory in problems involving polynomial identities for the algebra Mn (K). A brief presentation of PI-theory and some concepts of graph theory, such as the definition of Eulerian graphs, which are the basic elements of this work, were presented to make the text self- contained. We show two different proofs of the Amitsur-Levitzki theorem, the proof of Razmyslov and other due to Swan's theorem - an important result on Eulerian graphs. Finally, a similar result of the Amitsur-Levitzki's theorem for skew-symmetric matrices is proved using elements of graph theory. We emphasize that the understanding of the technique makes it possible to simplify many results and has been an important tool in the study of PI-algebras.


text:
Radios Without Power Sources
Mike Szczys
[Goodhart] is sharing his process for building a couple different AM radios. It's surprising how few components he's using; the first build is just a germanium diode, some wire, and a piezo earpiece. But it strikes us that both of the radios he gives build instructions for have no power source. We're also amused by the process of selecting the station. His example uses 770 AM, and requires you to take the wire and place it up in a tree with the two ends about 1216 feet apart. We think there's something a bit off with the math, but with that much conductor to start with there might be enough induced current for you to actually hear something come out the piezo. We don't think we'll be trying this anytime soon, but we'd like to hear comments from those of you who do (or already have).
Posted in Radio HacksTagged am, piezo, radio, receiver
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37 thoughts on "Radios Without Power Sources"
I heard that if you take an old AM radio and go right next to the station, you can hear it without turning the volume on. But now with on/off and digital what-not, it's not possible.
spiritplumber says:
You can still find crystal radios in some radio shacks, and you definitely can online — they pick up AM and give you an earphone without any power.
Now I wonder if I can use that trick to get enough juice to power a fm radio IC…
It is called a crystal radio, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_radio_receiver
Oh you just beat me @spiritplumber
Well, AM signals can be decoded by simply using a rectifier and a low pass filter. Turns out, he's using the diode to rectify the signal and the looooong cable works as an inductance (which coincidentally is also used as the antenna).
In antenna theory, it's known that the size of the antenna can be reduced by adding other types of impedances. Such as the capacitor he's talking about on the last page. Also the capacitor and the inductance will work together as a resonant filter which will perhaps help him to reduce the interference from other stations.
Now, FM demodulation would require to actually decode the changes in frequency (very likely to build a PLL), which doesn't seem quite easy using passive components.
It's a very interesting example. Perhaps he can actually use a Yagi antenna for gain and directivity, which can also improve a little bit on portability.
the_truth says:
If you take an old AM radio (tube type) near a transmitter, you will not get anything. If you take an old AM radio (passive, crystal) near a you will hear something. The key to this whole magic is the germanium diode (detector) and the piezo earpiece (high impedance, low voltage).
To answer spiritplumber's question, most likely not. First off, using a standard SINGLE germanium diode will only give you HALF of the possible power of that signal if you are trying to power something. If you are trying to do wireless power extraction, use germanium (lower forward voltage drop than silicon), in a full wave bridge configuration. This will allow you to extract power from both halves of the alternating current waveform generated during transmission. Even at that point, if you don't live extremely close to a station and you don't have a massive antenna, you will more than likely not get more than a few microwatts of power using this method.
To go back to the roots of these radios, look up "fox hole radios". These generally used the iron oxide on a razor blade as a semiconductor. Ghetto, but it worked.
If you wanted to get really fancy with one, you can use either a half wavelength or a 1/4th wavelength antenna, and use a transistor and battery to amplify the incoming signal.
Tim Green says:
Nothing new here.
http://www.midnightscience.com/
ironring says:
For a strong signal, even a silicon power diode will work. The key with germanium is that it has a much lower voltage drop when forward biased, and thus a much weaker station will be able to bias it, and will be received.
I led a bunch of grade-school kids in a radio-building afternoon a few years ago. We used 24 awg wire wound on 6″ sonotube sections (about 30 turns), with a 5mm gap between each turn, and the radio was tuned by selecting different turns with an alligator clip (instead of a variable capacitor). Everyone, even the little grade 1 kid left with a working radio, and a huge smile on his/her face!
Sort of thing my grandfather taught me about fortysomething years ago before moving on to single valve trf receivers etc. First one I ever built under his tutelage used a cats whisker as the 'detector' as it was known then and indeed used either a long wire antenna strung up the garden or the dipole strung the length of both gardens by way of the roof apex ! (grandmother had the patience of a saint).
I have heard a story from several sources that way back a few folks living near the 200KHz, high powered MSF transmitter in Droitwich and the 60KHz vlf transmitter in Rugby UK were 'leeching' sufficient
power from them to actually run small appliances. This may have been urban myth but in theory it's possible so maybe not.
The Math says:
Someone with more knowledge in antenna theory can correct me, but the reason he suggests a distance of 1216ft for his simple wire antenna is c/770KhZ is 1277ft. That is the wavelength for a 770Hz centered signal is REALLY LONG. That is why many AM radios don't try to detect the Electric field, they try and receive the magnetic field with an inductor
dcroy says:
@Ivan
i came across an fm crystal radio project awhile back, ive been wanting to make one for quite some time now
http://solomonsmusic.net/FM_CrystalRadio.html
Faelenor says:
@dcroy: Thanks! That is really interesting, even more than the original article.
I've built a couple of crystal radios over the years – big antennas help (except for electrical storms). It gets easier that that:
http://gizmodo.com/024255/retro-ww2-foxhole-radio
The real problem is that once it works, you're listening to poor quality AM radio (which is a redundant statement).
Quin says:
You guys never built a crystal radio? Not even 20years ago, every transistor bread board project kit came with the parts needed. I never got to run wires up a tree, but tying them to the cold water pipe was enough to listen to the local AM station.
Rob Wentworth says:
You can listen to FM with a crystal set as well, using a process called slope-detection. You tune an AM receiver (such as a simple crystal set) to the edge of the FM channel. As the modulated FM carrier moves toward and away from the center of the receiver frequency (tracking the FM-encoded audio), the detected AM signal strength varies due to the Gaussian bell curve bandwidth envelope of the receiver (set by the choice of tuner inductor and capacitor).
Here is an FM radio crystal set (and other cool projects):
http://www.somerset.net/arm/fm_only_lowtech.html
And let's not forget the crystal set TRANSMITTER:
http://home.earthlink.net/~lenyr/ntype-nr.htm
This homemade (crystal) tunnel diode circuit can oscillate at up to 12 MHz, but a tunnel diode can feed a tuned cavity which can phase lock to an oscillator overtone up to 10 GHz:
http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14183/css/14183_122.htm
A totally low-tech (mostly electo-mechanical components) microwave receiver is possible.
asheets says:
@Sean — not an urban myth… One of my old circuit manuals (may have even been a Forrest Mims book — can't remember) has a circuit for running a small DC motor off of a coil, a diode, and a long-wire. It wouldn't take much to scale something like that up.
soriano says:
Yeah its kinda a neat project and it really impresses some people. Crystal radios used to be huge during WWI for the soldiers in the trenches….
I made one with about 1000ft. of wire once and it actually worked quite nicely….
Built one with my son for a badge he wanted in Cubs (scouts) It's still in the garage, still works.
500 KHz to 17 MHz shortwave crystal radio:
http://www.antiqueradio.org/econoceanic.htm
Crystal radio loudspeaker:
http://peeblesoriginals.com/projects/crystal-loudspeaker.php
And an FM crystal radio with a true high fidelity FM phase detector discriminator circuit:
http://electronbunker.sasktelwebsite.net/FMCrystalSet.html
I had a cristal-radio kit as a small child.
it was only a coil, a diode, a adjustable condensator and an piezo earplug
i could hear about 2-4 radio stations just with a 30cm antenna (2. floor) and a ground wire on the heatpipe
Audio recorded from the above FM phase detector crystal set (scanning across the FM band):
http://electronbunker.sasktelwebsite.net/DL/FMtest005c.mp3
"We think there's something a bit off with the math…"
Really? You think there's something off with the math? Did you ever take a basic physics class?
Wow, HAD editor fail. You should delete that sentence, it makes you guys look like a bunch of uninformed idiots. How long have you been claiming to be "hackers"?
Regarding using a magnetic field antenna versus a really-long electric field antenna, how about a virtual field antenna?
http://www.am-va.com/
Ouch! They got me! The am-va.com link is an April fool's joke. Just read the author's names backwards.
However, I read something awhile back about creating a very long virtual receive antenna by also transmitting into the antenna, which was especially effective of ELF communications. It seemed logical and reasonable at the time when I read it several years ago. Google is not helping me find that again…
HAD doesn't know what a crystal radio is….
Tisk tisk
I did actually play with a diode/speaker receiver back in the day. To be fair, I think it was indeed a germanium one (hey, back then even transistors were mostly germanium :P), and the speaker was an electromagnetic, metal-membrane one (lots of turns in the coil, I guess it really was higher-impedance). You'd use a water pipe as a ground, a few feet of wire as the antenna, and the local MW AM came in just fine. Everybody in the class was awestruck when we tested it at school during recess… :D
This is nothing new. The Operator's for the Military build entire comm array's in this fashion. Most of the time they can build the thing in plain sight, and you won't even realize what it is until they point it out to you. How do you thing they operate in Afghanistan? The only time they need power is to transmit, and they have solar panel's for that.
sean, not the other sean, lets say: sean2 says:
Another twist… instead of using a proper diode, you can go commando with a foxhole radio:
http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects/29/358/19eb264e3a812225b56288b7c1c0faa3.html
HackerK says:
"place it up in a tree with the two ends about 1216 feet apart".. just make sure there is no lighting activities in the area first…
iHME says:
Well designed and shielded radios don't radiate their LO or IF frequency. And the idea of using a crystal set for military operations is quite amusing.
@asheets
Oh I know it's technically feasible, I've been a radio amateur for longer than I care to remember but just because it's possible doesn't mean anyone was doing it hence my urban myth caveat. The story even appears online such as here – http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:LkN8BA6PHsoJ:archive.chipcenter.com/wireless/ed030.html+using+rf+power+from+droitwich&cd=14&hl=en&ct=clnk – but I've never actually seen hard evidence such as the claimed court case details.
Sean.
Dan L says:
Schottky diodes, these days.
I've got some galena potted in Wood's metal in brass cups around here somewhere.
You don't need a full-wave antenna, though.
Quarter wave will do just fine.
Dark Sakul says:
Oh a crystal Radio, I had build one at the age of 8 using a home electronics lab kit from Radio Shack.
I used the finger stop on the old rotary phones as the antenna for the crystal radios I made as a kid.
Worked ok but I don't know why. The metal finger stop was not connected to anything inside the phone. Maybe it had enough area to form a capacitance with the line wires?
tesla says:
the antenna you spoke of that received longer transmissions was actually a "capacitive" antenna. reference the "b3cks" beer can antenna on google which is a simple make and works better with lower frequencies. the principles date back to N. Tesla and his original patents on wireless electricity. Tesla used a metal orb at the top of a vacuum sealed tube with a insulated wire enclosed. this allowed for no interference from the "medium". He also insisted on a good ground, according to him the radio waves propagated more so through the ground then the air however he also showed how "hertzian" waves are not the best information carriers and one should use longitudinal waves for their supurb carier ability and distance. legend has it he transmitted around the world and the signal bounced off itself and came back to him. his colorado spring notes which cover high frequency radio currents research is a good read.
if tesla was still here he would laugh at the battery powered radios for theres just no need.
P.S. Anyone who thinks marconi is the father of wireless is sadly mistaken.
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