text:
Apple is Fixing Wireless Charging Problem in iPhone 12 Digital Security Is as Easy as PGP The Pandemic is Transforming Tech Spending How to Manage Your Google Photos or Move Them Somewhere Else Important feature for Bluetooth devices in Chrome OS laptops
Digital Security Is as Easy as PGP
By Darryl Pinion
Average computer users would be forgiven for not having any idea what PGP is. There is so much going on below the surface of the modern computing experience that even critically important security tools like PGP are tucked away.
To be sure, there are specialized circles that make regular explicit use of PGP. Diligent Linux users would have at least a passing familiarity with PGP, since the fact that manufacturers didn't install our OS for us means we have to verify its integrity ourselves.
Otherwise, if your work doesn't touch on information security, PGP would understandably be a mystery to you. But like I said, it is no less important for this reality. In fact, PGP played a significant part in why we have secure communications on the Internet. This actually isn't because it's widely used, although it definitely is utilized in software installation utilities the world over. Rather, its significance stems from its defiant challenge to an overzealous government that sought to compromise encryption long before most Americans used the Internet regularly.
My aim in treating PGP here is twofold. The first is to shed some light on it for the uninitiated. The second, and more importantly, is to teach the daring among you how to wield this powerful tool. Hopefully, you found your way here after reading my security guide. If not, check out the last installment, and you will see that PGP can be useful in certain high-stakes threat scenarios.
Before we proceed, keep in mind that, as with any tool, the usefulness of PGP adheres to the network effect. Its practicability is extremely limited due to scant adoption software development circles. If you seek to apply PGP toward interpersonal communication, those you communicate with must do the same.
Every Hero Has an Origin Story
The Crypto Wars were a dark time…and still are, depending on your perspective. Like with most government attempts to fundamentally change technological implementations, the first crypto war came as moral panic swept over Washington. Elected officials were terrified that the Internet would be a lawless realm where fiends preyed on the innocent. To remedy this, they desperately sought a way to ensure that law enforcement could peer into the activity of abusive netizens. Encryption made this impossible.
This inclination is understandable, because the Internet was so new and foreboding to their constituents. Nor should it be forgotten that people were indeed getting hurt from interactions which wholly or partly took place online.
Their answer was to attempt to weaken encryption so that law enforcement could be assured of compliance when it served a warrant. Encryption, by definition, is only effective if the contents of a message are indecipherable to all but the intended sender and receiver. The proposal, well-meaning as it was, completely flouted this principle.
That's when Phil Zimmerman offered the world PGP. He wrote PGP, which stands for "Pretty Good Privacy," before the Crypto Wars, back in 1991. But when hostilities broke out, unbreakable encryption advocates rallied under its banner. In Zimmerman's eyes, if the government was bent on compromising all the ciphers it held sway over, he would make his own and refuse to play ball.
The government quickly fired back, opening a criminal investigation into him in 1993 for violating a regulation that helped advance their encryption-weakening campaign: export restrictions. Under these restrictions, the U.S. government made it illegal to export encryption software to other countries that was as strong as U.S. encryption software without an arms-dealing license. Phil Zimmerman did not have one of those.
That's when Zimmerman got creative: he published his program as a book, which anyone, anywhere in the world, was free to purchase. If these book buyers chose, they could transcribe its contents into a code editor and save it as a file. In fact, that is exactly what some people did. When the government told Zimmerman to cut the funny business, he pointed to his First Amendment rights, and court rulings establishing that computer code is speech.
Between PGP and other pressures, the government eventually left everyone's crypto alone. Fortunately, the government has mostly refrained attempting to legislate dilutions of encryption, at least until recently.
Far from an early-Internet relic, PGP (theoretically) remains viable today. Despite advances in supercomputing and cryptanalysis, the fundamental cipher that PGP uses by default remains sound. Whenever a supercomputer is built which can break a key, users need only make longer keys.
So How Does PGP Work?
As with most encryption, the technical details are tough to wrap your head around, but the basics are pretty straightforward. PGP is an encryption program which uses either the RSA or DSA ciphers. Either way, PGP generates what are called "asymmetric" keys — that is, a pair of keys.
The "main" key is the private key. The private key (or, as some implementations call it, the "secret key"), as the name implies, stays private. After generating a keypair, a user should guard their private key like their deepest, darkest secret.
The other key in the pair is the public key. Unlike the private key, by design, this one gets around. The user hands this key to anyone who wants to send them things securely. There's no real security risk in letting others have it.
Each key in a keypair can reverse the cryptographic operation performed using the other key. When a key is applied to plaintext (the normal, readable file contents), it becomes ciphertext (effectively gibberish). Applying the complement of the key that created the ciphertext will restore the plaintext. So in practice, if a user communicates with PGP, they will have one private key and many public keys: their own private key, their own public key, and one public key each for every person they communicate with.
Because it isn't associated with any one messaging client, you can do a lot of cool things with PGP. To start with, you can encrypt any "raw" plaintext. Since your computer represents everything as bits, and all PGP does is scramble and unscramble them, PGP is capable of encrypting email or chat content, audio and video files, and even messages posted on the Web.
Normally, you encrypt plaintext with a public key so the private key-holder can decrypt it, but there's a trick you can do if you invert the process. If you "encrypt" using your private key so that people with its public key counterpart "decrypt" it, you can create what's known as a cryptographic signature. These signatures allow you to prove that whatever you signed was unequivocally authored by you.
This is actually how PGP is used to check software. The developers sign their software with their private key and then release their public key to anyone who wants to check the software's authenticity. If anyone tampers with the key or the signature (but not both), the subterfuge will be detected. The attack could work if the signature and public key were altered in just the right way, but this is logistically tricky enough that it's unlikely.
Donning the Mask for Yourself
At this point, you're probably ready to test drive this bad boy, so let's get to it.
For all the examples to follow, I will be using a tool called GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard), a free and open-source command line implementation of PGP. The rationale for this is that since security is the whole point of PGP, a simpler, open, and mature tool works best.
This guide also assumes you're using some kind of Unix-flavored computer, meaning, Linux, BSD, or macOS. GPG is supposed to work the same way on Windows, but having not tested it, I won't swear that that's true.
As a final caveat, all of these commands are based on my testing with GPG 2.2.19, as packaged Linux Mint 20. I will try to note where you may experience divergent behavior, but regardless, keep that in the back of your mind.
You will start by making a keypair, which involves a simple one-line command:
gpg --gen-key
In the GPG version I tested, this is the streamlined key generation option, as opposed to the customizable "–full-gen-key" option. Definitely explore the latter if you're the adventurous type, but I won't go into it here.
Before running the command, you will need to have a few details figured out for the screen prompts that arise when it executes.
First, ensure that you have an email address to associate with your key. Second, pick the name you want to enter. Only enter your real name if you're sure you want your public key to identify you. Third, choose a password for your key. The importance of this step is not lost on you, I'm sure.
The next thing we must do is generate a revocation certificate. This is done with the following command:
gpg –gen-revoke –armor key_name > privkey_rev.asc
The "–gen-revoke" is self-explanatory, but you might wonder what the "–armor" option does. This outputs the key with bits represented as ASCII characters instead of the raw format that looks like your terminal is chanting an elder being summoning incantation.
Revocation certificates let people know your private key has been compromised and not to trust it anymore. They only go into effect when you publish them, but it's a good idea to have them made up before you need them.
Once this is done, immediately back up your keypair and revocation certificate to an encrypted external storage medium. There's nothing stopping you from having duplicate files of the same key or certificate for extra safety, but just make sure you can account for all copies of these files.
To perform this backup, you will have to export your keys as files. By default, they are just bytes in a key database parsable only by GPG.
Export your keys by running the following commands:
gpg –export –armor key_name > pubkey.asc
gpg –export-secret-keys –armor key_name > privkey.asc
Copy your private key, public key, and revocation certificate onto your encrypted storage.
Now all you need are public keys for the people you want to talk to and you're in business. There are essentially two ways of obtaining these
The first is to import public keys from a file transferred directly to your machine locally. In most cases, this means your friend handing you a flash drive so you can copy the public key right onto your computer. This approach has substantive benefits.
The biggest plus is the high level of security: because you aren't sending a key over the Internet, there's a considerably reduced chance that the key was sabotaged. Your friend is also on hand to confirm with you that the key is legit, since they can look at your screen and say "yup, that's the one."
The steps for doing so are fairly straightforward:
Check the key owner's government-issued ID. Seriously. This is a time-honored cypherpunk tradition, and it reinforces the idea that these bits validate one's identity as authoritatively as a real ID, so I encourage you to take part in this hallowed ritual.
Get the file from the storage medium onto your computer. Your device, OS, and storage medium will dictate how this goes.
3. On your terminal, import the public key into your GPG keyring by running the following command.
gpg –import pub_key.asc
4. Then, run this command to display the key's fingerprint, a string of text uniquely identifying a key but which does not compromise its security.
gpg –fingerprint pub_key_name
5. Have the person you ID'd verify that their public key's fingerprint as shown on your system is the same as the one that their public key actually produces.The security pluses don't stop there. As long as you only transfer public keys via USB flash drive, there is no record on the network that keys were exchanged. This can be a huge operational advantage.
The other nice thing about the local key exchange method is that you don't have to mess with keyservers. Keyservers are not that hard to use, in the grand scheme of GPG, but interfacing with them is still a little clunky.
That is, however, the other major transfer method: downloading public keys from a keyserver on the Internet. Keyservers which, as the name suggests, maintain keys, have been around for computer eons. Maintained by organizations like MIT, these servers sync with one another to allow users to distribute their public keys widely.
Keyservers have the distinct benefit of enabling you to obtain public keys from people you can't meet in person. After all, the Internet is useful precisely because it allows instantaneous remote communication. However, because the public key owner can't assure you of the key's integrity in person, there's a chance the key was compromised in transit.
This is usually addressed by public key owners posting their key's fingerprint elsewhere on the public Web. Depending on your adversary's capabilities, though, you can't be certain the Web-posted fingerprint hasn't been altered to match the phony fingerprint you get from a compromised keyserver-based key. You probably shouldn't stay up at night worrying about this, but it is a risk.
You can import a key from the keyserver using the following steps:
Enter this command to search the keyserver, where "keyword" is some portion of the name or email address of the key owner.
gpg –search-keys keyword
You will now be presented with the search results in pages of 10. Page through the results and select the desired key the corresponding number and hitting Enter. Your device will now download the key.
Run the following command to output the key's fingerprint.
Finally, find a published fingerprint for the public key's owner and check it against the fingerprint the previous command outputted.Now you're ready to encrypt all the things! Start by finding a file you want to encrypt (here, "file" is said file).
Next, run GPG's encrypt command, which looks like this:
gpg -e file
The operation will ask which public key to use when encrypting the file, which you specify using the number-and-letter sequence on the second line of the key's entry — to see this entry you should run 'gpg –list-keys'. When the encrypt command completes, it creates an encrypted file with a filename identical to the input file plus ".gpg" appended. Send it to the public key's creator and they'll know what to do.
Decrypting files sent to you is just as easy. Find the file encrypted for you and run the following command:
gpg -d file > outfile
Enter your private key's password, and you've got a decrypted file.
By default, the decryption flag just outputs the decrypted file contents to the console. Since you'll probably want the decrypted plaintext saved for later, the '> outfile' part of the command is included to output the operation to a file.
Two Private Keys Are Better Than One
What could be more secure than one private key? How about two?
Some clarification is needed. I don't mean creating two full-fledged private keys. Rather, this approach uses two parts of your private key: one can only decrypt messages encrypted with the public key, the other can sign files.
So what does this get you? Splitting your key allows you to keep your master key exclusively on encrypted external storage until you need it.
Because the subkey can decrypt messages sent to you, you can maintain your ordinary correspondence by keeping only the subkey on your device. If your computer ever gets infected (which you may never detect), your attackers won't be able to forge your signatures, making it easier for you to revoke the stolen key and start fresh.
Without a doubt, separate private keys with separate security controls induces a much bigger headache. To start with, you have to be able to tell them apart, because if you allow your master key to be on your computer while it is connected to the network, from an operational security standpoint, your master key will be poisoned, exposed to an unverifiable degree of danger which qualifies its integrity.
But even assuming you keep them in the right place, you have to have an operationally secure procedure for PGP signing — at a minimum, that disabling your networking on an OS level (preferably the hardware level), plugging in your encrypted storage, importing a copy of the master key, executing the signing operation, deleting the copy of the master key on your device and its data in your GPG keyring, ejecting your encrypted storage, and reenabling your networking.
My version of GPG actually splits the key into these two parts by default, but bundles them together, both in your keyring and in private key exports.
However, if you want to split the keys, perform these steps instead:
Disable your networking. Otherwise, your main private key will be poisoned from the start.
Perform the same private key export as before.
Export your private subkey to its own respective file using this command.
gpg –export-secret-subkeys –armor key_name > sub_key.asc
4. Move your private key and subkey files to secure external storage.
5. Run this command, following the prompts to delete the main secret key from your keyring, but not the subkey.
gpg –delete-secret-keys
Ensure that all file copies of your main private key are deleted from your device.Your computer now has no trace of your "master" private key on it, but has your subkey safely in the keyring for decryption.
Here Comes the Kryptonite
There are some serious limitations to keep in mind with PGP. After all, if it were perfect, everyone would be using it.
One issue is that keyservers have a glaring flaw that seems beyond mitigation, in which attackers can render a certificate too massive to be functionally processed properly. Unless your public key becomes a hot ticket item, you probably won't get hit with this. However, it contributes to the general disdain for PGP.
However, that's actually another issue: a cumbersome user interface that places a considerable manual verification burden on the user is nigh unto a death sentence for security software. If a tool is only secure for those who painstakingly follow an easily botched procedure, chances are high that someone, you or your recipient, will slip up.
All of that is to say that I wouldn't rely on PGP unless you have had a lot of practice, and superior alternatives don't exist. I would say, though, that PGP is valuable enough for appreciating encryption and the key maintenance that undergirds it. So if you set your expectations realistically, you can get a worthwhile experience out of PGP.
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Ruth-Stephens Family
Entries: 73508 Updated: 2014-07-18 08:51:11 UTC (Fri) Owner: Bob Ruth
Bunce, Elizabeth
Bunce, Sarah
Bunch, George T. b: ABT 1905 in Day now Ellis Co., OK d: Nov 1975 in Pampa, Gray Co., Tx
Bunch, Joseph A. b: Mar 1879 in Jack Co., Tx d: 7 Jul 1947 in Pampa, Gray Co., Tx
Bunch, Mae b: 23 May 1898 in Day now Ellis Co., OK d: 7 May 1988 in Los Angelos, Ca
Bunch, Pearl b: ABT 1901 in Day now Ellis Co., OK
Bunch, Stella b: 5 May 1907 in Day now Ellis Co., OK d: 26 Jun 1996 in Riverside, Ca
Bunch, Vivian b: 25 Apr 1902 d: 23 May 1995 in Riverside, Ca
Bunch, Zona b: 1 Mar 1877 in AZ d: 28 Jun 1946 in Memphis, Hall Co., TX
Bunckon, Elizabeth b: 1569 in Dorset, England
Bundt, Grace Lizzie b: ABT 1878
Bundy, Frank
Bundy, Hannah Clare b: 1708 in Perquimans Co., N.C.
Bundy, Mary Lucinda b: 1871 in Vt
Bundy, Priscilla Prentice
Bunker, Lydia d: 9 Oct 1836
Bunn, Katie Nell b: 5 Sep 1917 d: 10 Feb 1966
Bunn, Ralph C. b: ABT 1920
Bunnell, Adelina b: 7 Dec 1868 in Fruitvale, Alameda Co., Ca d: 15 May 1946 in Oakland, Alameda Co., Ca
Bunnell, Edwin Fairbanks b: 25 Sep 1807 in Hartford, Hartford Co., CT d: 11 Dec 1891 in Oakland, Alameda Co., Ca
Bunnell, Edwin H. d: AFT Dec 1848
Bunnell, Edwin H. b: 19 Aug 1869 in Fruitvale, Alameda Co., Ca d: 26 Apr 1947 in Woodland, Yolo Co., Ca
Bunnell, Edwina Francis b: 8 Jun 1900 in San Francisco, San Francisco Co., Ca d: 7 Jul 1986 in Monterey, Monterey Co., Ca
Bunnell, George Woodbury b: 25 Feb 1840 in Roxbury, Suffolk Co., MA d: 6 Jan 1926 in Oakland, Alameda Co., Ca
Bunnell, George Woodbury Jr. b: 4 Dec 1874 in Oakland, Alameda Co., Ca d: 14 Aug 1958 in Hingham, Plymouth Co., MA
Bunnell, Howard L. b: 1900 in Amherst Co., Va
Bunnell, Marion b: 17 Mar 1896 in San Francisco, San Francisco Co., Ca d: 9 Dec 1985 in Halstead, Harvey Co., KS.
Bunnell, Mary W. b: 1834 in Roxbury, Suffolk Co., MA d: 18 Mar 1841 in Roxbury, Suffolk Co., MA
Bunnell, Parmineas
Bunnell, Sythia b: ABT 1799 in Warren Co., OH d: AFT 1882 in , Montgomery Co., IN.
Bunnell, Woodbury b: 1866 in Oakland, Alameda Co., Ca d: May 1903 in Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, Alameda Co., Ca
Bunnell, Woodbury Lee b: 27 Sep 1894 in Ca d: 6 Apr 1966 in Los Angeles Co., Ca
Buntin, Bernice Weaver b: 13 Sep 1893 d: 3 Jan 1965
Bunton, Dolly b: 1807 in N.C.
Bunz b: ABT 1886
Burbank, Abraham b: 30 Dec 1767
Burbank, Ann b: 15 Dec 1764
Burbank, Ann b: ABT 1778
Burbank, George b: ABT 1776
Burbank, Henry b: 20 Nov 1774
Burbank, Lemuel b: 1769
Burbank, Lucy b: 11 Jun 1766
Burbank, Shem b: 21 May 1736
Burbank, Thomas b: 3 Oct 1762
Burbank, William b: 20 Nov 1763
Burbidge, Jane "Jenny" b: 13 Jan 1775/1776 in Cornwallis, Kings Co., Nova Scotia, Canada d: 1862 in Pictou, Pictou, Ns
Burbidge, Thomas b: ABT 1515
Burbidge, William b: 1490
Burch, Bill
Burch, Eliza Mary b: 1796 in Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C. d: 14 Mar 1821 in Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C.
Burch, Freeman
Burch, Living
Burch, Vilasse (Lassiefene) b: 16 Sep 1904 in Fl d: 21 Jan 1985 in Fl
Burchet, Agnes b: 1509 in Rey, Suffolk, England d: 1540 in Redgrave, Suffolk, England
Burchet, Thomas b: 1484 in Rey, Suffolk, England
Burchfield, Sarah b: 1800 in S.C. d: 1893 in Ms
Burcky, Benjamin Albert Ralph b: 15 Feb 1907 d: Dec 1982 in Phoenix, Maricopa Co., AZ
Burcky, Marian Lynda d: 1986
Burdick, Living
Burdick, Mr.
Burdick, Rosina b: ABT 1809 in Vt
Burdine, Della L b: 1882 in Clayton Co., Ia d: 1950 in Summit City Cemetery, Summit, Roberts, S.D.
Burditt, L. E. b: 9 Nov 1871 d: 16 Aug 1953 in Possibly in Navarro Co., Tx
Burditt, William J. b: 2 Feb 1870 d: 8 Dec 1953 in Possibly Navarro Co., Tx
Bureau, Marie Louise b: 22 Nov 1827 in English Bayou,Calcasieu Parish, LA d: 16 Jan 1915 in Leblanc,Calcasieu Parish, LA
Burges, Ann b: in Petersborough, Cambridgeshire, England
Burges, John
Burgess b: Abt. 1878
Burgess, Anne Maria b: 2 Oct 1748 in Surry Co., Va
Burgess, Dorothea Miriam b: 29 Sep 1743 in Surry Co., Va d: BEF 1774 in Halifax Co., N.C.
Burgess, Henry John b: 28 Nov 1744 in Surry Co., Va d: 1797 in Southampton Co., Va
Burgess, John b: ABT 1628 in Sussex England
Burgess, John b: ABT 1680 in Buxted, Sussex, England
Burgess, John Lovatt b: 10 Apr 1854 in Warren Co., N.C. d: 24 Jan 1935 in Halifax Co., N.C.
Burgess, Kizzie Lee b: 17 Dec 1910 in N.C. d: 6 Dec 1971 in Randolph Co., N.C.
Burgess, Lovatt b: 31 Jan 1762 in N.C. d: 10 Oct 1807 in N.C.
Burgess, Mary b: 1767 in Foster, Providence Co., R.I. d: 12 Mar 1851 in Gorham, Ontario Co., N.Y.
Burgess, Richard b: 3 Sep 1664 in Sussex England
Burgess, Sarah Penelope b: 22 Oct 1750 in Surry Co., Va
Burgess, Thomas b: 6 Sep 1712 in Standon Parish, Staffordshire, England d: 13 Nov 1779 in Halifax, Halifax Co., N.C.
Burgess, Thomas b: 24 Dec 1746 in Surry Co., Va
Burgess, Viola b: ABT 1903 in MO
Burgess, William b: 23 Dec 1752 in Surry Co., Va d: 5 Oct 1838 in Franklin Co., AL
Burgoine, Elizabeth d: May 1586 in Braunton, Devon
Burham, Richard b: 6 May 1838 in Easton, Washington Co., N.Y. d: 9 Dec 1901 in Easton, Washington Co., N.Y.
Burk
Burk, Esther Irene b: 1 Dec 1917 in KS d: 20 Feb 1993 in Los Angeles Co., CAlifornia
Burk, Living
Burk, Martha
Burke, Lydia
Burke, Nora May Hamm b: 24 Dec 1889 d: 29 Nov 1989 in Weatherford Nursing Home, Parker Co., Tx
Burke, Pearl b: 22 Aug 1903 in Randolph Co., N.C. d: 29 Jul 1960 in Asheboro, Randolph Co., N.C.
Burkehart, William b: ABT 1890
Burkett, Sarah b: 1756 d: 27 Sep 1818
Burkholder, Frances G b: 28 Sep 1892 in Denver, Miami Co., IN. d: 1 Feb 1948 in Denver, Miami Co., IN.
Burks, Mary A. b: 10 Nov 1835 in In d: 3 Jun 1911 in Cloverdale Township, Putnam Co., IN.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Ultimate Treasure Hunt in Ontario's Southwest
Friday, January 4, 2019 1:00 PM by Steve Gillick
James Turland told us about the ultimate Treasure Hunt where "You set your own rules and challenges never end".
He confessed that, "I can't wait to get up tomorrow. It's as if every day, someone shakes the dice, and it's a whole new game".
Of course James was referring to travel, but also to the newest cross-generational craze, birding. In his role as one of the guides at Rondeau Provincial Park, located in Morpeth, in Ontario's Southwest, James leads hikes, especially around the migration seasons in May and August, when common and rare birds, displaying everything from dull camouflage to magnificent colourful plumage, choose Rondeau, or Long Point or Point Pelee as their oases or 'gas stations', to rest and fuel up for the next leg of the migratory journey. They move in on mass one day and could be gone the next. And birders by the hundreds, carting everything from huge zoom lenses to simple point-and-shoot cameras, converge on the area to catch a glimpse of a rare Prothonotary Warbler or a bright red Scarlet Tanager or a flashy orange Baltimore Oriole.
Bruce Dilabio, our guide at Point Pelee National Park noted that for decades, birders were seen as geeks, but now 'bird watching has become mainstream and digital photography has turned just about everyone into a photographer". And this means that while some birders photographically shoot the birds, others seem content to shoot themselves (selfies!) with a tiny dash of Avian colour in the background, while surrounded by a Carolinian forest.
But it's more serious than that. As James Turland humorously complained, "people get hooked going around the world to see more and more birds" and sure enough, the birders with whom we spoke, casually name-dropped destinations such as Panama, Costa Rica, Cuba, Antarctica and South Africa as places to visit, watch and photograph birds. James suggested that 1) Birds are the easiest form of wildlife for anyone to see, and 2) Travelers can combine birding with almost everything else they are doing, whether it's relaxing on the beach, hiking a trail or exploring a new destination. And this is exactly what we did on our way to participate in the annual Birding Festival.
Just west of London, we traveled south of Highway 401 to Highway 3, the historic Talbot Trail, and found the Crazy 8 Barn. The 8 sided (octagonal) structure was built around 1898 for stabling animals. It was abandoned for many years before Susanne Spense dismantled it and with the help of her partner, Manfred Wiehle, rebuilt and opened it as a café, complete with home and garden furniture and curiosities for sale. It's a great place to stop for lunch and have a chat with Susanne about the area attractions that include Clearville Park and the old Guyitt House, a ramshackle, almost 'haunted-looking' house just down the road.
Before settling in for the evening, we visited Rondeau Provincial Park. The bird feeder at the Visitor's Centre is enough to turn any sceptic into a birder, as Red-headed and Red-bellied Woodpeckers, Rose-breasted Grosbeaks, Common Grackles and a few opportunistic squirrels and chipmunks came to dine on sunflower seeds, suet and oranges. And then a walk on Tulip Tree Trail led us to see Cardinals, Nuthatches, Oven Birds, Goldfinches, Downy Woodpeckers, and more; a total of 27 different species in only a few hours.
Our accommodation was in Ridgetown, a small community just 18 kilometers north of the Park. We stayed at the Dempster House, a cozy Bed and Breakfast on Main Street, and had dinner at Station 11, where friendly owner Wayne Yeck steered us toward the amazing Hawaiian Nachos (made with wantons), local craft beers and an impressive veggie pizza.
But birders keep birding hours, so we were on the road at 5:30 the next morning to join James Turland's bird hike. While some birders are 'visual' and therefore find it difficult to go anywhere without packing their binoculars, the majority of birders are both visual and audio ('song sleuths'). They listen for the "peter, peter, peter' call of the Tufted Titmouse, or the "sweet, sweet, sweet I'm so sweet" tune of the Yellow Warbler. And so for the next three hours, in the spirit of a Treasure Hunt, we explored different areas of the Park, for a magical time listening and watching the birds. And this really brought up another attraction of birding, which is the love of physical exercise and the connection with nature, shared by many birders and travelers alike.
With discovery on our minds we drove east to Erieau to check out the Bayside Brewing Company where two couples, Nancy Cowan and husband Ken, and Frank Thompson and his wife Josette, decided to start a brewery as a semi-retirement project. With a waterfront pub and a brewing operation that now requires a larger facility, the owners are anything but retired and thoroughly enjoying themselves as restauranteurs relating to customers, brewers sharing ideas with other craft brewers in Southwestern Ontario, and employers giving students a summer job. For the record, the two ales and two lagers they make are really good. We tried them all!
It's a pleasant one hour drive from Erieau to Kingsville where it's only fitting to take the Lake Erie North Shore Wine Route, home to 20 wineries include Pelee Island Winery. The grapes are grown on the Island which is the southernmost point in Canada and has a climate similar to grape-growing regions in Europe. We enjoyed tastings of Sauvignon Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Noir and Cabernet Sauvignon/Petite Verdot. Our comfortable accommodation was not too far away, at the Heart and Soul Inn, located in a 1906 Victorian home.
In the late afternoon we drove to Point Pelee National Park to enjoy the Twilight Delaurier Trail Hike (and to catch the dance of the Woodcocks), and then the next morning, just after sunrise, we were back at Point Pelee, on a morning hike of the Woodland Trail. The park is famous for songbirds so we were in Warbler-heaven with Nashville Warblers, Chestnut-sided Warblers, Cape May Warblers, Blackburnian Warblers, Black and White Warblers and the ubiquitous Yellow Warbler. This, aside from Wild Turkeys, Ruby-crowned Kinglets and a very friendly Scarlet Tanager who posed for us at the 'Tip' of Point Pelee.
And again, the hundreds of people of all ages and all physical abilities who were exploring, admiring, zooming-in, photographing and thrilling at seeing the birds was inspiring. One woman confessed that this was the 47th year that she and her husband were attending the Birding Festival.
On the last day of our journey we drove east to the town of Beachville where we met our hosts from Oxford County: Meredith Maywood, a Tourism Specialist and Phil Holst, the Vice-Chair of Stewardship. The purpose of our visit was to experience the Thames River Wetlands and see how the old riverbed was being revitalized into a productive natural area for wildlife and for the community. To that extent, Wood Ducks, Mallards, Canada Geese, Swallows, White-tail Deer, Muskrats, Garter Snakes, Turtles, Song Sparrows, Red-tailed Hawks and Great Blue Herons have re-populated the wetland. It's a project in the making with a focus on educating the next generation about the importance of wetlands and the migratory corridor.
The Ultimate Treasure Hunt in Ontario's Southwest is an exciting, challenging adventure that involves exploration, walking through forests, spotting birds, experiencing marshes and wetlands, as well as discovering areas of the province that tend to be a bit off the travel radar screen. Like any good Treasure Hunt, the rewards are in the form of the people you meet along the way, feelings of exhilaration and accomplishment, and golden memories.
To read more from Canadian World Traveller, click here.
Categories: Chatham-Kent, Windsor Essex Pelee Island, Oxford, Fresh Air Fun, Multi-Day Trips, Family Getaways
Tags: Birding, Birding Hot Spots, Self-Guided Birding Sites, Outdoor Recreation
Author: Steve Gillick


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AKERLEY v. HARTFORD INS. GROUP, 136 N.H. 433 (1992)
LexRoll.com > LexRoll (NH) > New Hampshire Court Opinions > AKERLEY v. HARTFORD INS. GROUP, 136 N.H. 433 (1992)
JOSEPH C. AKERLEY a. v. THE HARTFORD INSURANCE GROUP a.
No. 91-164Supreme Court of New Hampshire Hillsborough
Decided November 25, 1992
1. Negligence — Assumption of Risk — Fireman's Rule Fireman's rule precludes a police officer or fireman, both of whom are paid to confront crises and allay dangers created by an uncircumspect citizenry, from complaining of negligence in the creation of the very occasion for their engagement; rule applies only to acts of ordinary negligence, and reckless, wanton, or willful acts of misconduct are explicitly exempted from scope of rule.
2. Negligence — Assumption of Risk — Fireman's Rule In declaratory judgment action to determine coverage under uninsured motorist policies for injury sustained by police officer while arresting suspect, trial court correctly applied fireman's rule to bar officer's
recovery for injury caused by ordinary negligence, although rule did not bar officer from bringing other claims alleging reckless, wanton, and willful acts of misconduct.
3. Insurance — Automobile Policies — Uninsured Motorist Coverage Generally, uninsured motorist coverage is designed to provide protection for the motoring public from injuries caused by uninsured motorists and hit-and-run motorists; it is not intended to serve as a substitute for comprehensive personal liability insurance.
4. Insurance — Construction of Contracts — Generally Interpretation of terms in insurance policies is a question of law for the court to determine.
5. Insurance — Construction of Contracts — Ambiguity While ambiguous terms in insurance policies will generally be interpreted against an insurer, court will not find a clause ambiguous only to resolve such contrived ambiguity against insurer; and where there is no ambiguity, court will interpret meaning of terms as would a reasonable person based on more than a casual reading.
6. Insurance — Construction of Contracts — Ambiguity In determining whether ambiguity exists in insurance policy, court will look to claimed ambiguity, consider it in its appropriate context, and construe words used according to their plain, ordinary and popular definitions.
7. Insurance — Automobile Policies — Uninsured Motorist Coverage 544 Generally, a causal connection must exist between resulting harm and use of vehicle in order to invoke uninsured motorist coverage, and although proximate causation is not required, a tenuous connection with an automobile is not sufficient to warrant coverage.
8. Insurance — Automobile Policies — Uninsured Motorist Coverage Police officer could not invoke coverage under uninsured motorist policies for injury sustained while arresting suspect for shooting weapon from car; although it was unclear whether officer's back injury occurred when pulling suspect out of car or when they fell in parking lot, it was clear the injury was caused by the suspect resisting arrest and not by the suspect using his vehicle, and any connection between use of vehicle and subsequent altercation causing injury was too tenuous to warrant coverage.
9. Insurance — Automobile Policies — Uninsured Motorist Coverage Trial court correctly awarded summary judgment to insurers in declaratory judgment action brought by police officer and wife to determine coverage under uninsured motorist policies for injury sustained by officer while arresting suspect; injury, as a matter of law, did not arise out of or result from ownership, maintenance or use of uninsured vehicle, and insurers could properly deny coverage because requisite causal connection did not exist.
Donald M. Redden, of Derry, by brief and orally, for the plaintiffs.
Wadleigh, Starr, Peters, Dunn Chiesa, of Manchester (Robert E. Murphy, Jr. and Peter R. Chiesa on the defendants' joint brief, and Mr. Chiesa orally), for defendant The Hartford Insurance Group.
Backus, Meyer Solomon, of Manchester (H. Jon Meyer on the defendants' joint brief and orally), for defendant Metropolitan Insurance Company.
Hamblett Kerrigan, P.A., of Nashua (Paul W. Chant on the brief), by brief for Ronald Dowling, as amicus curiae.
THAYER, J.
In this declaratory judgment proceeding, the insureds, Joseph C. Akerley and Paula S. Akerley, appeal a Superior Court (Hampsey, J.) order denying coverage under two uninsured motorist policies for an injury Joseph Akerley sustained while arresting a suspect. The defendants cross-appeal. We affirm.
In April 1986, Officer Joseph Akerley was on duty as a deputy sheriff when he was informed that an individual was shooting a weapon from his car toward people on Hampton Beach. Officer Akerley and another officer responded to the report and, eventually, cornered a suspect in his car in a parking lot. The suspect resisted arrest, and the officers were forced to physically remove him from his car. The suspect continued to struggle outside the car, whereupon all three individuals fell to the ground. Officer Akerley claims that he suffered a back injury from this incident.
Joseph and Paula Akerley entered claims for uninsured motorist benefits with the defendants, The Hartford Insurance Group (Hartford) and Metropolitan Insurance Company (Metropolitan). Hartford insured Officer Akerley's employer under a business auto policy, and Metropolitan insured the plaintiffs under their personal auto policy. After the defendants denied coverage, the plaintiffs brought a petition for declaratory judgment seeking to establish coverage under the policies. All parties moved for summary judgment. The Superior Court (Pappagianis, J.) granted summary judgment in favor of the defendants. The trial court determined that although the requisite causal connection existed between Officer Akerley's injury and the use of the uninsured vehicle, the fireman's rule precluded the plaintiffs from recovering because Officer Akerley's injury arose out of the same conduct that required his presence.
After the trial court entered its order, we decided Migdal v. Stamp, 132 N.H. 171, 176, 564 A.2d 826, 829 (1989), recognizing exceptions
to the fireman's rule for wanton or reckless conduct and for positive acts of misconduct. In light of our decision in Migdal, the plaintiffs moved to amend their petition for declaratory judgment and asked the trial court to reconsider the denial of their motion. The plaintiffs were permitted to amend their petition to allege the following:
"That on or about April 4, 1986, an incident took place in Hampton, New Hampshire whereby Plaintiff Joseph C. Akerley received injuries. Mr. Akerley, while serving as a deputy sheriff, arrested a man in the man's motor vehicle following the operator's misconduct elsewhere. The man struggled within his car and actively resisted arrest. The man's negligent, reckless, and wanton acts and his positive acts of misconduct proximately caused injury to Joseph C. Akerley's back."
After granting the plaintiffs' motion to amend, the Superior Court (Pappagianis, J.) vacated its earlier order granting summary judgment to the defendants. The defendants filed cross-motions for summary judgment a second time, contending that their policies only covered injuries arising out of "accidents" and that the new allegations of reckless, wanton, or willful misconduct did not fall within their policy definitions of an accident. The Superior Court (Hampsey, J.) denied the defendants' motion, finding that the question of whether the injury was caused by an accident was a question of fact. The defendants brought a motion for reconsideration which the Superior Court (Hampsey, J.) granted. In granting the motion, the trial court found that the question of whether Officer Akerley's injury arose out of an accident was not one of material fact. The trial court ruled that if the injury arose out of an accident, then the plaintiffs' uninsured motorist claims were barred by the fireman's rule; if the injury was not the result of an accident, then the policies did not provide coverage. In this ruling, the trial court did not reach the issue of whether the alleged injury arose out of or resulted from ownership, maintenance or use of the uninsured vehicle.
On appeal, the plaintiffs contend that the fireman's rule should be abrogated in New Hampshire or, in the alternative, that it does not apply to the facts of this case. The plaintiffs further contend that whether Officer Akerley's injury falls within both policies' definition of "accident" is a question of fact. On cross-appeal, the defendants argue that regardless of whether Officer Akerley's injury arose from an accident, the plaintiffs cannot recover as a matter of law. The
defendants argue that Officer Akerley's injury was not causally connected to "ownership, maintenance or use" of the uninsured motor vehicle.
[1] The fireman's rule precludes "a police officer or fireman, both of whom are paid to confront crises and allay dangers created by an uncircumspect citizenry, from complaining of negligence in the creation of the very occasion for their engagement." England v. Tasker, 129 N.H. 467, 471-72, 529 A.2d 938, 941 (1987). In England, we left open the question whether the rule also applied to willful or wanton conduct. Id. at 472, 529 A.2d at 941. We settled this issue in Migdal by holding that the fireman's rule applies only "to acts of ordinary negligence," Migdal, 132 N.H. at 176, 564 A.2d at 828, and explicitly exempting reckless, wanton, or positive (willful) acts of misconduct from the scope of the rule. Id. at 175-76, 564 A.2d at 828.
In England, we enunciated the relevant public policy considerations that compel the application of the fireman's rule. The rule supports the principle that societal responsibility is a better, surer, and fairer recourse for a public officer or fireman injured in the line of duty than the possibility of a tort recovery. England, 129 N.H. at 470, 529 A.2d at 940. Police officers and firemen are "`paid to confront crises and allay dangers created by an uncircumspect citizenry' . . . ." Id. (quoting Berko v. Freda, 93 N.J. 81, 86, 459 A.2d 663, 666 (1983)). As such, "it is fundamentally unfair to ask the citizen to compensate . . . public safety officer[s], already engaged at taxpayer expense, a second time for injuries sustained while performing the very service which [they are] paid to undertake for the citizen's benefit." Id. at 471, 529 A.2d at 940. A contrary rule might discourage members of the public from requesting assistance from public safety officers for fear of liability. Id. at 471, 529 A.2d at 941. We see no reason to set aside these considerations and thus reject the plaintiffs' argument that the rule should be abrogated.
[2] We read the plaintiffs' amended petition as alleging that Officer Akerley's injury was proximately caused by three types of conduct: (1) negligent conduct; (2) reckless and wanton conduct, see W. KEETON ET AL., PROSSER AND KEETON ON THE LAW OF TORTS § 34, at 212 (5th ed. 1984) (claims of willful, wanton, and reckless conduct have generally been treated the same, as an aggravated type of negligence differing in quality from ordinary negligence); and (3) positive (intentional) acts of misconduct. Because of the fireman's rule, we find that the trial court correctly barred the plaintiffs' recovery for an injury that was caused by ordinary negligence. See Migdal,
132 N.H. at 176, 564 A.2d at 828. The fireman's rule, however, does not bar the plaintiffs from bringing their other claims. Thus, we must turn to the applicable uninsured motorist coverage provisions and determine which policy, if any, affords coverage on the facts alleged.
[3] Generally, uninsured motorist coverage is "designed to provide protection for the motoring public from injuries caused by uninsured . . . motorists and hit-and-run motorists." R. MCNAMARA, 9 NEW HAMPSHIRE PRACTICE, PERSONAL INJURY § 572, at 123 (1988). Hartford's uninsured motorist policy contains the following provision:
"We will pay all sums the insured is legally entitled to recover as damages from the owner or driver of an uninsured motor vehicle. The damages must result from bodily injury sustained by the insured caused by an accident. The owner's or driver's liability for these damages must result from the ownership, maintenance or use of the uninsured motor vehicle."
(Emphasis added.) Similarly, the uninsured motorist provision of Metropolitan's policy covers the insured's injuries that were "caused by an accident and arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of an uninsured . . . vehicle. . . ." (Emphasis added.) Such coverage is not intended to serve as a substitute for comprehensive personal liability insurance. See 8C J. APPLEMAN, INSURANCE LAW AND PRACTICE § 5092.55, at 396-97 (1991).
Hartford and Metropolitan argue that Officer Akerley's injury was not sustained as a result of an accident and, moreover, that the injury did not arise out of the use of the uninsured vehicle. Therefore, the threshold issue of coverage under both policies turns on whether an injury allegedly caused by reckless and wanton acts, and positive acts of misconduct falls within the meaning of "accident" and, if so, whether the injury "arose out of" or "resulted from" the suspect's use of the uninsured vehicle.
Pursuant to RSA 491:8-a, the trial court must grant summary judgment when, considering all of the evidence presented in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, no genuine issue of material fact exists and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Manchenton v. Auto Leasing Corp., 135 N.H. 298, 300-01, 605 A.2d 208, 210 (1992). We will assume, without deciding, that there was an "accident" on the facts alleged. In order to invoke uninsured motorist coverage under the defendants' policies, however, Officer Akerley's injury must have arisen out of or resulted from the suspect's
use of the uninsured vehicle. The defendants' cross-appeal contends that Officer Akerley's injury is not sufficiently connected with the use of the uninsured vehicle to warrant uninsured motorist coverage.
[4, 5] The interpretation of terms in insurance policies is a question of law for this court to determine. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Cookinham, 135 N.H. 247, 249, 604 A.2d 563, 564 (1992). While we generally interpret ambiguous terms against the insurer, we will not find that a clause is ambiguous only to resolve such contrived ambiguity against an insurer. Laconia Rod Gun Club v. Hartford Acc. Indemn. Co., 123 N.H. 179, 182-83, 459 A.2d 249, 251 (1983). Where there is no ambiguity, we interpret the meaning of terms as would a reasonable person based on more than a casual reading. Limoges v. Horace Mann Ins. Co., 134 N.H. 474, 476, 596 A.2d 125, 126 (1991).
[6] In the present case, we must interpret the term "use" as it pertains to the question of whether a causal connection existed between use of the vehicle and injury to Officer Akerley. "`In determining whether an ambiguity exists, [the court] will look to the claimed ambiguity, consider it in its appropriate context, and construe the words used according to their plain, ordinary, and popular definitions.'" MCNAMARA, supra § 434, at 8 (quoting Robbins Auto Parts, Inc. v. Granite State Ins. Co., 121 N.H. 760, 764, 435 A.2d 507 (1981)). We construe the term "use" by considering its ordinary meaning and the normal use for which a vehicle is intended. Given "the inherent nature of the automobile, as such," 6B APPLEMAN, supra § 4317, at 368, we detect no ambiguity.
[7] Next, we must examine whether Officer Akerley's injury arose out of or resulted from the suspect's use of his vehicle. Generally, a causal connection must exist between the resulting harm and use of the vehicle in order to invoke coverage. 8C APPLEMAN, supra § 5092.55, at 393. Hartford requires that the driver's liability for damages "result from . . . use of the uninsured motor vehicle." Metropolitan covers injuries caused by accident only if "arising out of . . . use" of the uninsured vehicle. Under New Hampshire law, this type of clause has been interpreted to mean that injuries "originating from, or growing out of, or flowing from the use" of the vehicle will be sufficient to claim coverage. MCNAMARA, supra § 517, at 89. Although proximate causation is not required, a tenuous connection with an automobile is not sufficient to warrant coverage. See MCNAMARA, supra § 517, at 89.
The plaintiffs argue that Officer Akerley's injury occurred when the suspect struggled and resisted arrest. Even considering the facts in a light most favorable to the plaintiffs, we cannot say that the injury arose out of or resulted from the suspect's use of the vehicle. There is nothing in the record before us that would indicate that the suspect was using his vehicle or behaving as a motorist when Officer Akerley sustained his injury. See Day v. State Farm Mutual Ins. Co., 396 A.2d 3, 5 (Pa. 1978) (court denied coverage because driver was not acting as motorist when he knocked claimant down with his fists). The record does establish, however, that Officer Akerley assisted his partner in trying to forcibly remove the suspect from his parked car and subdue him in the parking lot. As the suspect continued to resist arrest, the officers and the suspect fell to the ground. Although it is unclear whether Officer Akerley's back injury occurred when pulling the suspect out of the vehicle or when they fell in the parking lot, it is clear that the injury was caused by the suspect resisting arrest and not by the suspect using his vehicle. Since it cannot reasonably be said that the injury-causing activity was "originating from, or growing out of, or flowing from the use" of the vehicle, the plaintiff cannot invoke uninsured motorist coverage. See MCNAMARA, supra § 517, at 89.
[8] While it is true that the suspect drove his car to the situs where Officer Akerley sustained his back injury, the vehicle had ceased to be used at the time of the attempted arrest, and the causal link was subsequently broken. See A. WIDISS, 1 UNINSURED AND UNDERINSURED MOTORIST INSURANCE, THE COVERAGE § 11.5, at 534, 541 (2d ed. 1990) (courts have concluded that nexus must be more than fact that vehicle transported assailant to altercation scene); Aetna Cas. Sur. Co. v. Safeco Ins. Co., 163 Cal.Rptr. 219, 223 (Ct.App. 1980) (coverage denied where vehicle is merely locus of incident but has no significant role in causing injury). The fact that the vehicle may have served as the situs of Officer Akerley's injury does not make such use of the vehicle one which would be sufficient to warrant coverage. See, e.g., Criterion Ins. Co. v. Velthouse, 751 P.2d 1, 5 (Alaska 1986) (no coverage where injury resulted from insured's negligent use of gun in vehicle, not from use of auto); National Family Ins. Co. v. Boyer, 269 N.W.2d 10, 15 (Minn. 1978) (denying coverage since there was no relationship between shooting of gun and use of vehicle for transportation purposes). Moreover, the suspect's earlier firing of a weapon from his car was remote in both time and location with respect to Officer Akerley's injury. Any connection
between use of the vehicle and the subsequent altercation causing the injury is too tenuous to warrant coverage. See MCNAMARA, supra § 517, at 89.
[9] Thus, we hold as a matter of law that Officer Akerley's injury did not arise out of or result from the ownership, maintenance, or use of the uninsured vehicle. The defendants could properly deny uninsured motorist coverage because the requisite causal connection did not exist. Therefore, we uphold the trial court's order granting defendants' motion for summary judgment.


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Excerpts From The Book: History As Mystery — Michael Parenti | Third World Traveler
Posted by Norman Pilon in History, Marxist Theory
assumpitons, City Lights Books, Dissidents, History As Mystery, Michael Parenti, mystifications, Orthodoxy, poverty for the many, Revionists, Ruling class, Third World Traveler, wealth and power, wealth for the few
Excerpts From The Book: History As Mystery, by Michael Parenti, City Lights Books, 1999
Sourced from: Third World Traveler
Prologue – page xv
A dissenting view invites us to test the prevailing explanations and open ourselves to neglected ones. Through this clash of viewpoints we have a better chance of moving toward a closer approximation of historical truth.
Dissidents (or revisionists, as they have been called) are not drifting with the mainstream but swimming against it, struggling against the prevailing range of respectable opinion. They are deprived of what Alvin Gouldner called "the background assumptions," the implicit, unexamined. but commonly embraced notions that invite self-confirming acceptance because of their conformity to what is already accepted as properly true. This established familiarity and unanimity of bias is frequently treated as "objectivity." For this reason dissidents are constantly having to defend themselves and argue closely from the evidence.
In contrast, orthodoxy can rest on its own unstated axioms and mystifications, remaining heedless of marginalized critics who are denied a means of reaching mass audiences. Orthodoxy promotes its views through the unexamined repetition that comes with monopoly control of the major communication and educational systems. In sum, while dissidents can make mistakes of their own, they are less likely to go unchallenged for it. Not so with orthodoxy. It remains the most insidious form of ideology for it parades the dominant view as the objective one, the only plausible and credible one.
… it is a matter of public record that a tiny portion of the population controls the lion's share of the wealth and most of the command positions of state, manufacturing, banking, investment, publishing, higher education, philanthropy, and media. And while not totally immune to popular pressures, these individuals exercise a preponderant influence over what is passed off as public information and democratic discourse.
The ruling class is the politically active component of the owning class, the top captains of finance and policy who set the standards for investment and concentration of capital at home and abroad. They play a dominant role in determining the wage scales and working conditions of millions. They strip away employee benefits and downsize whole workforces, while warring tirelessly against organized labor. They set rates of interest and they control the money supply, including the national currency itself. They enjoy oligarchic control of the principal technologies of industrial production and mass communication. They and their adjuncts populate the boards of directors (or trustees or regents) of corporations, universities, and foundations. They repeatedly commit serious corporate crimes but almost never go to prison. They raid the public treasury for corporate welfare subsidies, for risk capital, bailout capital, export capital, research and development capital, promotional capital, and equity capital. They plunder the public domain, dominating the airwaves, destroying ancient forests, polluting lands and waters with industrial effluent, depleting the ozone layer, and putting the planet's entire ecology at risk for the sake of quick profits. At home and abroad, they are faithfully served by the national security state with all its covert and repressive apparatus. Their faithful acolytes occupy the more powerful security agency positions and cabinet posts regardless of what party or personality controls the White House. They create international agreements like NAFTA and GATT that circumvent the democratic protections of sovereign states and undermine the ability of popular government to develop public-sector services for anyone other than these powerful interests. Their overall economic domination and their campaign contributions, media monopoly, high-paid lobbyists, and public relations experts regularly predetermine who will be treated as major political candidates and which policy parameters will prevail. These ruling elites are neither omnipotent nor infallible. They suffer confusions and setbacks, and have differences among themselves. They sometimes grope for ways to secure and advance their interests in the face of changing circumstances, learning by trial and error. Through all this, their capital accumulation continues unabated. Though relatively few in number they get the most of what there is to get. Their wealth serves their power, and their power serves their wealth.
It is remarkable the things that most of us never learn in school about our own history, the topics and inquiries we are never introduced to. Consider this incomplete listing:
Why were human beings held in slavery through a good part of U.S. history? Why were they not given any land to till after their emancipation? Why were Native American Indians systematically massacred time and again?
What is property in the context of American civilization? What is wealth? How have large concentrations of capital been accumulated? Is there a causal relationship between wealth for the few and poverty for the many?
What role has government played in the formation of great fortunes and giant corporations? What effect has this had on the democratic process?
Why in past generations did people work twelve hours a day or longer, six and seven days a week? Where did the weekend and the eight-hour day come from? Why were labor unions considered unconstitutional through much of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century?
Who were the Wobblies, the Knights of Labor, the Populists, and the Progressives? Why did tens of thousands of Americans consider themselves anarchists, socialists, or communists? Why did hundreds of thousands vote for radical candidates?
How did poor children get to go to public schools? How did communities get public libraries? What role has social class played in education and in American life in general?
How did we get laws on behalf of occupational safety, minimum wage, environmental protection, and retirement and disability benefits? How effective have they been? Who still opposes them and why?
What historic role has corporate America played in advancing or retarding the conditions of workers, women, African Americans, Native Americans, and various other ethnic groups? Why are most corporate decisions regarding investments, jobs, use of resources, and markets considered to be private?
Why have U.S. military forces intervened directly or indirectly in so many countries over the last century?
Why have U.S. leaders opposed revolutionary and even reformist governments, and supported right-wing autocracies around the world?
Questions of this sort are seldom asked in our media, schools, or textbooks.
To say that schools fail to produce an informed, critically minded, democratic citizenry is to overlook the fact that schools were never intended for that purpose. Their mission is to turn out loyal subjects who do not challenge the existing corporate-dominated social order. That the school has pretty much fulfilled its system-sustaining role is no accident. The educational system is both a purveyor of the dominant political culture and a product of it.
Those who celebrate Christianity's contributions to Western civilization might want to remind themselves of one of the church's most appalling gifts to human tyranny, the Inquisition, a heresy hunt ordained by the papacy that wreaked misery upon Europe from the early thirteenth century until well into the eighteenth. Endowed with nearly limitless authority, shrouded in secrecy, and freed from all accountability, the inquisitors indulged in unfettered butchery and rapacity, taking lives and confiscating property, growing rich in the process, treating the accused as having no rights, and treating everyone, from the meanest to the highest, as potentially suspect.
The victim's guilt was assumed in advance and confession was to be extracted by guile or ordeal. One's regular church attendance and generous oblations, one's verbal professions of strict devotion to orthodox doctrine, one's willingness to subscribe to whatever was demanded by the tribune-all were as naught. For the accused might still be nursing a secret heresy. The Inquisition had to uncover the impossible: the unspoken thoughts in a person's head. But luckily, the task was made easier by the procedure itself. The victim need not be proven guilty; suspicion alone was enough to bring on the fatal judgment. The inquiry almost always ended in execution or, less frequently, life incarceration in a dark dungeon.
Along with its judges, the Inquisition had its armed retainers, extortionists, spies, and of course, torturers and executioners. Lea writes that, except among the Visigoths, torture had been "unknown among the barbarians who founded the commonwealths of Europe, and their system of jurisprudence had grown up free from its contamination." Not until the thirteenth century did it begin to be employed "sparingly and hesitatingly" in judicial proceedings, after which it rapidly won its way into the Inquisition, administered at first only by secular authorities- on command from the Inquisitional tribune. In 1252, church canons prohibited ecclesiastics from being present when torture was administered, perhaps an implicit admission that the procedure was morally tainted. Yet within a few years, inquisitors and their servitors were absolving each other of "irregularities" under the papal bull so that they might directly supervise torture sessions.
Those who confessed were burned as admitted heretics. Those who withstood all pain and mutilation and did not confess were burned as unrepentent heretics. Heresy itself retained a conveniently vague and elastic meaning. Prisoners who confessed under torture were tortured again to gain information about other evil-doers among their own family and friends, then tortured again if they subsequently recanted any of the coerced testimony-after which they were burned at the stake. Witnesses too were sometimes tortured in order to extract properly damning testimony. Anyone who showed sympathy or support for the accused, who dared to question the relentlessly self-confirming process, was doomed to meet the same fate.
In 1484 German princes were reluctant to give the Roman Inquisition entry into Germany. The Inquisition loomed as a rival authority, one inclined to go into business for itself, condemning not only the poor but some of the rich and well born and expropriating their estates. But the grave anxiety occasioned by peasant insurrections made the princes more tractable. The Inquisition opportunely arrived upon the scene, in Michelet's words, "to terrorize the country and break down rebellious spirits, burning as Sorcerers today the very men who would likely enough tomorrow have been insurgents," channeling popular restiveness away from the ruling interests and against witches and demons…
Some historians actually have apologetic words for the Inquisition. Ignoring all evidence to the contrary, Carlton Hayes and his associates claim that the Inquisition's most frequent penalty was a mere fine and confiscation of property, with imprisonment reserved only for the "more severe cases." And some suspects were required to undertake expensive pilgrimages, or "wear distinctive markings on their clothes." Hayes makes no mention of torture, and claims that the death penalty was applied only to the "relatively few" who refused to recant their heresy or who relapsed after recantation. The inquisitors, it seems, did not burn heretics but conscientiously strove to save their immortal souls through conversion.
A different summation of the Inquisition is offered by Lea, who has done the monumental study of this subject: "Fanatic zeal, arbitrary cruelty, and insatiable cupidity . . . it was a system which might well seem the invention of demons." In fact, it was the invention of the Christian church of that day. A religion is not something entirely apart from the crimes committed in its name. The church's war against heresy began in the first generation of its existence and continued without stint for more than sixteen hundred years. Centuries of Christianity's meanspirited, violent propagation of a monopoly faith created the fertile soil upon which the Inquisition took root and flourished…
In California and the Caribbean, the [Christian] missions were centers for enslaving indigenous populations, forcing the natives to work under conditions that amounted to slave labor. Normally healthy and vigorous people, the Indians sickened and died in great numbers once they were confined to mission compounds.
For centuries, the church was itself the largest slaveholder in Europe. As late as the sixteenth century in Spain, Christians were still debating whether African slaves had souls or were subhuman animal creations. Well into the nineteenth century, in the United States, while some clergy joined the abolitionist ranks, many more remained vigorous apologists for slavery, writing almost half of all defenses on its behalf, often citing the Bible as their authority. Prominent proslavery clergy could be found in the North as well as the South.
It cannot be held that Christians preached one thing on Sunday and practiced another the rest of the week. In respect to slavery, preachment and practice coincided all too well. Whether during the late Roman Empire or in the antebellum United States, Christian teaching offered an ideological justification for the worldly interests of a ruthless slaveholding class, and Christians themselves were among the leading slaveowners. Few of us were taught such things in Sunday school or any, other school.
U.S. leaders point with pride to the free flow of information in our supposedly open society. Yet these same leaders regularly withhold or destroy official materials, thereby seriously distorting the historical record at the point of origin…
Perhaps the most famous disclosure controversy in recent U.S. history concerns the study that became known as the Pentagon Papers, an extensive top-secret history of U.S. involvement in Indochina from World War II to May 1968. The report was commissioned by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, and compiled by thirty-six anonymous historians, mostly academicians who worked for the State Department and Defense Department. It revealed how for two decades officials deceived the Congress and the U.S. public while pursuing a war of aggression and attrition in Indochina. A Department of Defense consultant, Daniel Ellsberg, risking prison and sacrificing his government career, managed to copy the papers and get them into the hands of the New York Times and the Washington Post with a commitment to publish. In the interests of "national security," President Nixon's Justice Department went to court to get prior judicial restraints placed upon publication of the documents. In its final decision, the Supreme Court decided that the newspapers could continue publishing the documents-an unusual instance in which judicial action rescued a fragment of history from official suppression. By exposing the deceptive and criminal methods of the war waged in Indochina, the Pentagon Papers did not harm national security, as some officials claimed, but it did raise troublesome questions about the legitimacy of U.S. policy in Indochina, and that was the real cause for concern…
The CIA and other U.S. intelligence agencies have had a ' close collaboration with Guatemalan military and paramilitary forces, dating back to the U.S.-sponsored overthrow of the democratically elected reformist government in Guatemala in 1954. These U.S. agencies have extensive files on the more than 200,000 murders and disappearances in Guatemala. Under pressure from the CIA, President Clinton retreated from earlier commitments to release the files. In 1996, after much protest by critics of U.S. policy, the Clinton administration declassified thousands of documents concerning human rights abuses, mostly relating to cases in which U.S. citizens in Guatemala had been raped, tortured, and killed. Guatemalan officials hoped that the papers might reveal useful information about the longstanding links between the CIA and the Guatemalan military, which was accused of committing most of the crimes. But the documents that arrived were so thoroughly excised as to contain little that was not already known. "[N]ot one of these documents has any value at all in a judicial proceeding…. These are not declassified documents; they are censored documents," announced Julio Arango Escobar, head of the special prosecution team appointed by the Guatemalan government. Guatemala's leading newspaper, Prensa Libra, complained that, as in the past, "all that became known was what the CIA wanted." And Helen Mack, a human rights campaigner whose sister was killed by the Guatemalan military, pointed out that Washington continued to cover up its knowledge of abuses by exempting the CIA and the Defense Department from public disclosure. In sum, much of the terrible history of U.S.-sponsored political murder in Guatemala was suppressed by the very agencies that participated in the deeds.
After several more years of pressure, enough pertinent information was finally released for the Guatemalan Historical Clarification Commission to report that the Guatamalan military had committed "acts of genocide" against the Mayans during the thirty-six-year war against the poor. The declassified documents revealed how the United States government gave money and training to the Guatamalan military, and along with U.S. private companies "exercised pressure to maintain the country's archaic and unjust socio-economic structure." In addition, the U.S. government and its various agencies, including the CIA, lent direct and indirect support to illicit state operations, many of which were carried out "without respect for any legal principles or the most elemental ethical and religious values, and in this way completely lost any semblance of human morals.
The Freedom of Information Act [FOIA] "allows the [CIA] to be exceedingly stingy in responding to requests from historians, journalists and citizens for documents." Confronted with an FOIA lawsuit regarding its role in the 1954 coup in Guatemala, the CIA released barely 1,400 of 180,000 relevant pages, nearly half a century after the events. The agency reportedly destroyed most of its files on other covert actions in the 1950s and 1960s, including all records relating to its role in the overthrow of reformist prime minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran in 1953.54 A volume of State Department papers on Iran, published in 1990, omitted any mention of the CIA's part in that coup. In protest, Warren I. Cohen, a historian at Michigan State, resigned his post as chair of the State Department's advisory committee on historical diplomatic documentation, complaining that "the State Department is playing games with history." This expurgated Foreign Relations of the United States volume now sits authoritatively on thousands of library shelves.
The CIA promised that it would release documents on the 1953 coup in Iran, the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, its covert operations supporting political interests in France and Italy in the 1940s and 1950s, insurgencies in Indonesia and Tibet in the 1950s and 1960s, insurrections in the Belgian Congo and the Dominican Republic in the 1960s, and secret actions in North Korea and Laos. But little has been forthcoming. The agency did not mention releasing materials about CIA involvement in the brutal wars of attrition it waged against revolutionary governments in Nicaragua, Mozambique, Angola, and Afghanistan during the 1980s, which resulted in millions of deaths and laid waste to all four countries. Nor was there any mention of its support for the death squads that have killed hundreds of thousands of peasants, trade unionists, students, clergy, and others throughout Latin America and parts of Asia and Africa…
After landing in Haiti in 1994, ostensibly to restore stability l and democracy to that battered country, U.S. troops seized more than 150,000 pages of documents and photographs from the headquarters of the Haitian military and from FRAPH, the previous regime's most feared paramilitary group. Officials of the democratically elected government of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide said that the return of the documents was indispensable to their efforts to disarm and prosecute human rights violators connected with the previous military regime. Human rights groups in Haiti blamed FRAPH for most of the three thousand people killed in the 1991-1994 period, along with thousands of other incidents of rape, torture, beatings, and arson. But Washington continued to stall because, in the view of one Aristide adviser, the purloined records were likely to contain data about the finances and activities of U.S.-supported Haitian death squads, as well as information about the location of arms caches hidden around the country by rightist groups. Washington, the adviser noted, did not want to see the assassins and torturers go on trial in Haiti and "have it emerge that they were paid and supported by American intelligence…
All over the United States monuments pay homage to military figures who participated in unjust wars, including the defense of the southern slavocracy and the slaughter of Native Americans, Mexicans, Spaniards, Filipinos, and others. Far fewer are the monuments to abolitionists, pacifists, anarchists, socialists, labor radicals, civil libertarians, and other champions of egalitarianism whose efforts have afforded us the modicum of democracy and social justice we possess today. In the entire United States there exists not a single monument to the heroic volunteer veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade who fought fascism in Spain during the Spanish civil war (1936-1939), save one obscure memorial plaque at the City College of New York to the fallen students who served in the brigade.
For over thirty years the corporate-owned press and other mainstream opinion makers have ignored the many unsettling revelations about the Kennedy assassination unearthed by independent investigators. Such research points to a conspiracy to assassinate the president and a conspiracy to hide the crime. At the very least, the investigators raise enough serious questions as to leave us unwilling to accept the Warren Commission's official version of blaming Lee Harvey Oswald for the killing of President Kennedy.
An end run around the media blackout was achieved by Oliver Stone's film JFK Released in late 1991, the movie exposed millions of viewers to the many disturbing aspects of the assassination. JFK was repeatedly attacked seven months before it was released, in just about every major print and broadcast outlet, usually in the most caustic and general terms. The media's ideological gatekeepers poured invective upon Stone, while avoiding the more difficult task of rebutting the substantive points made in his film, and without ever coming to grips with the critical historical literature upon which the movie drew. A full exposure of the assassination conspiracy, that might unearth CIA or military intelligence involvement, would cast serious discredit upon the nation's major institutions.
Oliver Stone's JFK continued to be attacked years after its initial run. Stone was pilloried as a "ranting maniac" and a "dangerous fellow," guilty of "near-pathological monkeying with history." The idea of a conspiracy in high places was ridiculed as a fanciful scenario that sprang from the imagination of a filmmaker. Like the Warren Commission, the press assumed a priori that Oswald was the lone killer. In 1978, when a House Select Committee concluded that there was more than one assassin involved in the Kennedy shooting, the Washington Post editorialized that there still probably was no conspiracy, but possibly "three or four societal outcasts" who acted independently of each other spontaneously and simultaneously to shoot the president. Instead of a conspiracy theory the Post created a coincidence theory that might be the most fanciful explanation of all.
Meanwhile, in answer to the question, Did Oswald act alone? most independent investigators concluded that he did not act at all. He was not one of the people who shot Kennedy, although he was involved in another way, in his own words as "a patsy," concluded the critics.
Most of the evil in history is perpetrated not by lunatics or monsters but by individuals of responsibility and commitment, whose most unsettling aspect is the apparent normality of their deportment.
Michael Parenti page
Michael Parenti Website


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Attention! Salmonella found in pork meatballs
Meat products, pork meatballs (seftalia), in which salmonella has been found, are recalled from the sales market by the Centralized Food Control Agency (EFET).
EFET inspectors and, in particular, the regional office of Thessaly, during the inspections under the program "Official control of microbiological criteria for food safety" from 2021 took samples of frozen meat product intended for consumption.
In a semi-finished product with the trademark "FRESH FROZEN PORK SEFTALA" ("FRESH FROZEN ΣΕΦΤΑΛΙΕΣ ΜΕ ΧΟΙΡΙΝΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ", LOT 20219471), with a freeze date 05.03.2021 and consumption until 05.03.2022, produced and packaged by Χ. ΜΙΧΑ ΑΕΒΕ, the presence of the pathogenic microorganism SALMONELLA spp.
EFET demanded an immediate recall of the entire batch of the specified product. The corresponding control measures are already being carried out. Experts urge consumers who have purchased a particular product not to consume it.
Salmonellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella.
Clinical manifestations of salmonellosis range from asymptomatic carriage to severe septic forms. Most often, the disease occurs with intestinal damage and is accompanied by an increase in body temperature up to 38-39 ° C, general weakness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and repeated liquid watery stools. With a severe course of the disease, dehydration and intoxication of the body are observed, a violation of vascular tone, and the development of renal failure is possible. Salmonellosis is especially dangerous for children, the elderly, and people with chronic illnesses.
In the generalized form, Salmonella penetrate the bloodstream, and in the septic form, they are brought into various organs, where secondary purulent foci are formed (such complications as endocarditis, purulent meningitis, liver abscesses, osteomyelitis, etc.). Therefore, salmonellosis requires careful treatment under the supervision of a doctor!
The source of infection is domestic and farm animals, poultry, cats, fish. The mechanism of infection is fecal-oral. A sick person or a bacterium carrier participating in food preparation can also become a source of infection. The incubation period (from eating contaminated food to the onset of symptoms) averages 12-48 hours.
Most often, salmonellosis is associated with the use of raw chicken eggs or dishes made from them, cooked with insufficient heat treatment. And also dishes from chicken meat, poorly cooked or fried, grilled chicken, homemade salads, meat and dairy products without heat treatment.
The resistance of Salmonella is extremely high, they remain viable when smoked and salted, but die when boiling and direct exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Salmonella retain the ability to reproduce for up to 5 months in water, up to six months in meat, up to a year in poultry meat and hard cheeses, up to 3 weeks in milk, up to 30 days in kefir, up to 4 months in butter, from 3 to 9 months in dry egg powder, about 3 weeks on eggshell, up to one and a half years in soil. Freezing contaminated food does not reduce the viability of the bacteria.
The insidiousness of Salmonella is that, living and multiplying on products, they do not in any way affect their appearance and taste. When chicken eggs are stored for more than 30 days in the refrigerator, the bacterium is able to penetrate through the whole shell into the egg and actively multiply inside the yolk.
EFET, removed from the shelves, salmonella
An SS man from the division was buried in Kiev with presidential honors "Galicia"
Greek tennis player Tsitsipas lost a loved one 5 minutes before the final


Belvedere Road on the South Bank was turned into a 'play street' by Greenpeace activists protesting outside the London offices of oil giant Shell.
Greenpeace volunteers arrived early on Tuesday morning to block Belvedere Road to traffic ready for more than 50 children to join the protest.
The children constructed a polar bear, walrus and snowy owl reaching up to seven feet high.
The giant bricks are made from reinforced cardboard. Greenpeace says it will donate them to a local school if their campaign to end links between the toy manufacturer and the oil company is successful.
Shell's logo appears on Lego products and more than 700,000 people have signed a petition calling on Lego to sever its arrangement with the company.
"Lego's endorsement of Shell is incredibly damaging because it helps Shell hide its role in the threat to the Arctic," said Elena Polisano, Arctic campaigner at Greenpeace.
"Lego is trusted by parents and kids around the world so if Lego says Shell is OK, people believe it. But Shell is responsible for huge climate-wreaking carbon impacts and now it's determined to drill in the Arctic.
"It's a fragile environment and an oil spill would be devastating. And of course the only reason Shell can even reach the oil is because global warming is melting the ice.
"Children are leading this playful protest because global warming, and what's happening in the Arctic, is an enormous threat facing all children.
"Lego is adored by kids, and it has a responsibility to look out for them. It's unethical for Lego to partner with any company that's threatening kids' future."


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International Academy of Practical Theology
About IAPT
Organization and By-Laws
IAPT Publications
Members and CVs
Membership fees and Donations
2019 São Leopoldo
2015 Pretoria
2005 Brisbane
Practical Theology in Underrepresented Regions
Working group children and youth
Interfaith Approaches to Practical Theology
Practical Theology and Poetics
Methodology in Practical Theology
Advanced Scholarship in Practical Theology
YALE DIVINITY SCHOOL – Position in Pastoral Care
September 23, 2014 President
Job Description/Advertisement
Position in Pastoral Care
Yale Divinity School seeks to make a tenured appointment in the field of Pastoral Theology and Care, to begin July 1, 2015. In an ecumenical and increasingly interfaith environment, Yale Divinity School prepares students for ordained ministry in diverse Christian churches and for a wide range of professional involvements, including higher education, law, medicine, the arts, management, and public service.
The Divinity School hopes to make an appointment of an established scholar with a record of significant publication, evidence of success as a teacher, and a commitment to theological education. The successful candidate should have expertise in one or more areas of Pastoral Theology and Care, such as communal-contextual models of care, post-colonial pastoral care, embodiment and human sexuality, narrative approaches to care, and/or pastoral research methods.
A letter of application with curriculum vitae and a list of three references should be submitted online at apply.interfolio.com/26360 . Review of applications will begin on October 15, 2014.
Yale University is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity employer. Yale values diversity in its faculty, staff, and students and especially encourages applications from women, persons with disabilities, protected veterans, and underrepresented minorities.
Charles Sturt University – Wicking Chair/Associate Professor of Ageing and Practical Theology
IAPT 2015 Call for Papers
IAPT 2021 conference, Leuven, Belgium!
Job opening: Full Professor/Associate Professor Chaplaincy Studies
Memorial tribute Hans van der Ven
Job opening: Lecturer in Practical Theology


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Boyne River
Watershed: Lake Charlevoix Watershed
Length: Main 6 miles; North Branch 6 miles, South Branch 11 miles
Headwaters: Hills near the border of Charlevoix and Otsego Counties
Mouth: Lake Charlevoix at Boyne City
You can't start at the mouth of the Boyne River and swim upstream to some of the tallest hills in Michigan's Lower Peninsula without running into some obstacles. In fact, there are three impoundments frustrating the river that is Lake Charlevoix's second largest tributary, two of which are formed by dams. However, these three impoundments, and a handful of faulty road/stream crossings, have not managed to exhaust the river; the Boyne River maintains stellar water quality, strong ecological diversity, and some of the best fishing and canoeing you can find in Northern Michigan.
The first impoundment, the Boyne City Mill Pond, is located within the City limits and not too far from the river's mouth. This impoundment isn't the product of any dam, but does have similar effects on the river, because the pond collects sediments and raises the temperature of the water downstream. Called Little Lake in the 1901 Plat Book, the pond has been heavily used by various industries in Boyne City.
The second impoundment you would reach is the 80 acre reservoir behind the Boyne USA Power Plant Dam. The dam and power plant were built in the early 1900s to provide electricity, and the reservoir is now completely surrounded by private property. Because the dam prevents anadromous fish from swimming upstream, it has divided the river into two distinct fisheries: steelhead and salmon are caught downstream of the dam, while upstream of the dam is an excellent brook and brown trout fishery with some sections designated as Blue Ribbon Trout Stream by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources.
There are two branches of the Boyne River that split above the Boyne USA Power Plant Dam: the North Branch, with headwaters in eastern Charlevoix County, and the South Branch, with headwaters in Otsego and Antrim Counties. The North Branch has no dams or impoundments along its length, but the South Branch does have one. This is the reservoir created behind the M-75 dam at Boyne Falls. This dam was built in the 1800s and powered both a saw mill and a grist mill, which ground grain into flour. The reservoir used to be deep enough to sustain a great brown trout fishery, but has filled in with sediment and is now shallow.
Known Aquatic Invasive Species
Rusty Crayfish
Other Threats to Water Quality
Nonpoint source pollution
Eroding riverbanks
Shoreline development
Habitat loss
Meet our dedicated Boyne River Volunteer Stream Monitors. Thanks Team!
The Boyne River is monitored every three years through the Watershed Council's Comprehensive Water Quality Monitoring (CWQM) Program for dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, pH, nitrate-nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chloride levels, and total suspended solids.
Biological monitoring is also performed by volunteers in the Boyne River each spring and fall as part of the Watershed Council's Volunteer Stream Monitoring (VSM) Program.
This stream is monitored through the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians Surface Water Quality Protection Program (SWQPP).
The Lake Charlevoix Watershed Management Plan and its Advisory Committee are working to protect the River, as it directly influences the water quality of the Lake.
Friends of the Boyne River
The purpose of the Friends of the Boyne River is to improve and conserve the environmental health and recreational quality of the Boyne River and its watershed.
Information about Threatened, Endangered, and Special Concern species in this stream's watershed is available on the Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) website.
USGS Current Water Data for Michigan provides stream flow conditions.
A wide variety of maps, including Vegetation circa 1800, National Wetlands Inventory, Land Cover Change 1800's to 1978, Wetland Change 1800's to 1980, and many other resources for this area are available online in the Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) Data Resources page.
Learn about safely eating fish from this river in the Michigan Fish Consumption Advisory
Volunteer Stream Monitoring Report (2012)
Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Report (2014)
Lake Charlevoix Watershed Management Plan (2012)
Lake Charlevoix Tributary Monitoring Project Report (2015)
Boyne and Jordan Rivers Road Stream Crossing Inventory Report (2016)


Get ready for winter, if you have got an open fire or a multi fuel stove we carry a large selection of grates for both. We also keep stove glass in stock to cut to size for you as well as different sizes of stove rope.
Got a broken or cracked fire brick, look no further we keep fire bricks in stock as well as vermiculite board for those different size and shape bricks as we can cut this to the size you require for your stove.
Visit our heating department for a wide selection of multi fuel stoves in all different sizes and heat output. Also a large range of open fire grates, frets and ash pans all kept in stock. To go with this type of heating you will need to have a look at our range of fireside accessories including fire guards, coal buckets, coal hods and companion sets with all this we stock a range of Tippy's for all sizes of ash pans.
We also stock a selection of coal and wood for your log burners or open fires which will help you stay warm through the winter months. However if you want the effect of a real fire but not to sure about all the work involved why not take a look at our range of Dimplex opti flame and opti myst electric stoves which gives you realistic looking fire and heat without putting coal or logs on, it is as simple as just plugging in to the mains. Fan heaters, Halogen Heaters, Oil filled radiators and Superser gas cabinet heaters are all kept in stock all year round in case you are in need of some back up heat.


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Boy rescued after he says he was abandoned by group near Mexico border
Heartbreaking video shows a young boy sobbing and walking by himself in Texas near the border after he says he was abandoned by a large group he was traveling with.
RIO GRANDE CITY, Texas -- Heartbreaking video has been released showing a young migrant boy walking by himself in Texas near the border after he says he was abandoned by a large group he was traveling with.
A Border Patrol agent came across the boy along a road on a rainy day in La Grulla, a small community near Rio Grande City just north of the Texas-Mexico border.
The boy is sobbing as he explains to the agent that he was traveling with a group and he was abandoned, and said he was afraid of being robbed or kidnapped.
"Can you help me?" the boy says in Spanish as the agent approaches.
"What happened?" the agent asks.
"I was with a group of people and they dumped me and I don't know where they are."
"I'm afraid," he adds.
The video was posted on Facebook by a friend of the Border Patrol agent.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection later confirmed the video as authentic.
The agency said the 10-year-old boy is from Nicaragua. He was traveling with a group of about 80 people and woke up to realize he had been left behind by the group. The group was apprehended later.
RELATED: Migrants encamped in Tijuana detail their stories as they seek asylum in U.S.
"Scenes like these are all too common, as smugglers continue to abandon children in desolate areas, with zero regard for their well-being," a CBP spokesperson said.
The Facebook post reported that the boy was brought to the Border Patrol's Donna facility, and his family was contacted.
The CBP noted that he was also fed and medically screened and will be transferred to custody of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Refugee Resettlement.
The incident happened as a new spotlight is focused on the border and particularly the issue of unaccompanied migrant children.
The Biden administration has asked several cities, including Long Beach, to provide temporary shelter for unaccompanied children as it attempts to address the crisis.
CORRECTION: An earlier version of this story stated that the Border Patrol agent was off duty when he encountered the boy. Sources say the agent was on duty.
POLITICS TEXAS MEXICO IMMIGRATION REFORM BORDER PATROL IMMIGRATION