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Although most gypsum is used in the building industry, an increasing proportion is now being used in agriculture and horticulture. Here, it is very useful for improving the textural and drainage properties of heavy (clay) soils.
>> Download Soil Life Data Sheet
WHAT IS GYPSUM?
Gypsum is known to chemists as calcium sulphate di-hydrate (CaSO4 – 2H2O).
WHAT DO WE USE GYPSUM FOR?
Although most gypsum is used in the building industry, an increasing proportion is now being used in agriculture and horticulture. Here, it is very useful for improving the textural and drainage properties of heavy (clay) soils. Gypsum is also an excellent calcium and sulphur fertiliser. Its special benefits are that horticultural gypsum is fast acting and pH neutral (contrasting with other calcium fertilisers that are slower and either raise or lower soil pH).
Winstone Gypsum™ make horticultural gypsum. This is a fine, off-white crystalline powder. The bulk density of Winstone's horticultural gypsum is 908 kg/m3 (loose) and 1172 kg/m3 (compacted).
Speed of action is increased by reducing particle size. On the other hand, a fine powder is less easily handled by a mechanical spreader and requires calmer conditions.
To meet differing market requirements, Winstone Gypsum™ produce two, chemically identical, products – Soil Life® a fine ground form (more suited to the domestic market) and Gypsum Natural a coarser pulverised form (more suited to the commercial market).
For the particle-size distributions of the ground and pulverised products, see the graph below.
PURITY OF HORTICULTURAL GYPSUM
This product is of very high purity (93 to 98% calcium sulphate). The table below shows the mineral analysis of major and minor components of Winstone's horticultural gypsum.
NB: Quantities are stated in ppm unless otherwise specified – indicates data unavailable.
Mineral Gypsum
Sulphur 18%
Antimony < 4
Arsenic < 1.0
Cadmium < 0.2
Chlorine 1315
Cobalt –
Copper 93.8
Chromium –
Fluoride 100
Lead < 10.0
Magnesium 93.8
Manganese –
Mercury < 0.05
Molybdenum –
Phosphate < 19
Selenium < 0.5
Silicon 800
Tin < 4
Uranium –
Vanadium –
APPLYING GYPSUM
Gypsum mixes well with other dry fertilisers – particularly granulated forms. Gypsum is also useful as a carrier to assist in the uniform application of small quantities of zinc, manganese, boron and the other trace elements. Conveniently, 1 kg of gypsum has a volume of approximately 1 litre (1 tonne has a volume of 1 m3). Quick inter-conversion between mass and volume simplifies accurate measurement.Gypsum is easy and safe to apply using conventional dry-spreading equipment.
Most production fruit crops require between 250 and 500 kg/ha of calcium each year. A substantial part of this can be supplied in the form of gypsum with other calcium-containing fertilisers accounting for the balance. Commonly, nitrate is applied in the form of calcium ammonium nitrate (containing 27% of nitrogen and 8% of calcium) at the rate of around 300 kg/ha. This supplies only 24 kg/ha of calcium so that most of the required calcium can be supplied in the form of gypsum (300 kg/ha of calcium requires 1,200 kg/ha of gypsum).
Most horticultural crops need about 120 kg/ha of sulphur annually. About one third of this will come from the organic sulphur cycle within the soil, one third from a base dressing of gypsum (40 kg/ha of sulphur requires 220 kg/ha of gypsum) and the balance from other sulphur containing fertilisers.
To obtain significant improvements in the structure of clay soils requires much higher rates of gypsum application (2,000-4,000 kg/ha of gypsum).
Gypsum relies upon rainfall to solubilise it and so move it into the soil profile where it has its effect, it is therefore best applied in early spring or after harvest when rainfall can do its work. It can, however, be applied at any time because gypsum does not damage plant tissues – even at high application rates.Calcium transport into fruit occurs mostly during spring. Where gypsum is being used to remedy a soil calcium deficiency, it is best to apply it well before bloom to ensure that the calcium reaches the feeder roots in good time.
Ground gypsum is quite fine and even the pulverised product contains a proportion of fine material. It should, therefore, be applied only in calm or at the most 'light breeze' (1-2 knots) conditions. Otherwise, substantial amounts of the product will be blown away from the target area and may cause offence to the neighbours.
See Gypsum Material Safety Data Sheet (PDF 158Kb)
See Safety Data Sheet Winstone Gypsum® ClayBreaker™ Gypsum Soil Life® (PDF 171Kb)
GYPSUM & LIMESTONE
An old rule of thumb was that gypsum was best used to improve soil structure in alkaline (high pH) soils whereas lime was best used to improve soil structure in acid (low pH) soils. Over the years, research has shown this to be oversimplified. Certainly it is true that gypsum, being pH neutral, is better than lime where soil structure improvements are required but where it is undesirable to raise an already-high soil pH. Also, that lime will neutralise soil acids and so will tend to raise an over acid soil pH. However, the pH of an acid clay soil can also be raised indirectly by gypsum through improvements in soil structure, mainly through improved aeration and drainage. Meanwhile, lime being water insoluble, is usually very slow to raise soil pH at any depth. In fact, more recent research has shown that lime+gypsum mixes can offer benefits that are unavailable with either lime or with gypsum if used on their own.
Root zone depth
It is generally true that pasture and crop productivity depend on the availability of soil water and especially so during the summer months. For this reason, the depth of the root zone becomes critical because the amount (V) of water available to a growing plant is proportional to its root-zone depth (D) times the soil's water-holding capacity (W) – this idea can be expressed algebraically as V = D x W.
Depending on soil type, on plant species and on climate, the root-zone usually lies between a depth of about 5 cm and 50 cm measured from the soil surface. Sometimes a few roots will go down deeper to about 100 cm. The root zone's upper boundary (~5 cm) is limited by extremes of temperature and/or dryness in the soil's surface layers which kill any very shallow roots. Meanwhile the root zone's lower boundary (~50 cm) is usually limited by adverse subsoil conditions of one sort or another.
With some crops it may be appropriate to lay a mulch on the soil surface (organic or plastic etc) which buffers the temperature and dryness extremes and so raises the upper root-zone boundary closer to the soil surface. However, more important to the plant's water economy in a drought is deepening the root-zone's lower boundary. If the lower boundary can be deepened, it will allow the crop access to significantly more stored soil water. Therefore, it is important to identify and to take steps to remedy any adverse subsoil conditions which may be limiting the depth of this lower root-zone boundary.
What are these adverse subsoil conditions? The common ones are:
Poor subsoil drainage renders the subsoil anaerobic when it is wet and anaerobic soil conditions quickly kills the roots
Compaction physically slows root extension or prevents root entry to the subsoil layers altogether
Mineral imbalance which slows root growth physiology and extremes can also be toxic
High acidity affects the roots directly, it also affects mineral nutrient availability and uptake, it also affects the level of exchangeable aluminium which can rise to toxic levels in an acid subsoil
Lime is effective in raising the pH of an acid soil and it is also a source of calcium. However, these pH benefits are gained mostly close to the surface and not in the subsoil. Lime is water insoluble so it is relatively immobile in the soil. It must react chemically with other soil components before it can gradually migrate downwards and so penetrate to the subsoil layers. This takes a very long time. Liming can also have negative effects as it can interfere with the infiltration of surface-water increasing runoff and so reducing soil water re-charge after rain.
On the other hand gypsum is water soluble and so has much greater soil mobility. Therefore, gypsum offers its benefits more rapidly, and at greater depth, and without any negative surface effects on rainwater infiltration. But gypsum is significantly more expensive than lime.
When lime is applied along with gypsum in a mix (e.g. lime:gypsum 60:40) water penetration is facilitated by the gypsum component which also offsets some of the other limitations of a pure lime application. While lime:gypsum mixes are less suitable for higher pH soils (you may not want to further raise an already high soil pH) they do offer a broad spectrum of benefits for the more acid soils, improving plant health, nutrition and crop yield mainly via their effects on soil structure (better aeration and drainage), root-zone depth (ameliorating adverse subsoil conditions) and by raising soil pH (improving nutrient availability and uptake and lowering levels of exchangeable aluminium).
In New Zealand, lime is generally about 30% of the price of pure gypsum (the lime price is variable around the country because it depends on distance from source) and a 60:40 lime:gypsum mix is about 55% of the price of pure gypsum.
Agriculture and forestry contain many cases where a pure gypsum application would bring about a useful improvement in root-zone soil quality and a corresponding gain in production but where the relatively high cost of gypsum limits its economic usage (e.g. where a particular land use means that the $/ha/year returns are too low to justify the $/ha/year investment). In cases where, on an economic basis, an application of pure gypsum is judged uneconomic (or only marginally economic), use of a 60:40 lime:gypsum mix should definitely be considered. Talk to your adviser.
To improve soil structure in heavy soils, gypsum should be applied at rates between 2000-4000 kg/ha while a 60:40 lime:gypsum mix should be applied at around 5000 kg/ha. Ploughing or deep ripping after application will always speed the response to these applications.
Gypsum is a natural product
Gypsum is a naturally occurring mineral that complies with all current organic production regulations. Winstone Gypsum is a suitable product for organic gardening and farming.
Download Gypsum Natural Data Sheet
Download Gypsum Soil Life Data Sheet
Download ClayBreaker Safety Data Sheet
Download Gypsum Material Data Safety Sheet
Gypsum can safely be applied in almost all situations and even excessive applications are unlikely to be damaging. Because of its neutral pH (around 7) it can be used when large amounts of calcium are required without increasing soil pH.
A well nourished plant with a healthy root environment and a good root system is more resistant to pests and diseases. Composts are very important for organic growers as they build up and maintain soil structure and fertility. In addition to its beneficial effects on soil structure, gypsum improves the speed, efficiency and mineral balance of composts. This facilitates the quick return of nutrients and organic matter to the soil.
Levels of the heavy metals are very low in gypsum. The build up of heavy metal residues (especially cadmium) is already a problem in some regions in New Zealand. In addition to its general undesirability, heavy-metal build up can also limit root growth, reducing both nutrient and water uptake by plants. Gypsum is a valuable and very safe natural material that is especially useful for organic growers who wish to supply additional calcium and sulphur to their crops.
Gypsum comes in three, chemically identical, forms.
ClayBreaker™ is a fine ground powder in bag sizes 8kg and 25kg.
Soil Life® is a fine ground powder in bags of sizes 25kg, 500kg and 1,000kg.
Gypsum Natural is a coarser, pulverised product in bag sizes 25kg, 500kg and 1,000kg or in bulk. The bagged products are consigned on 1-trip, non-returnable pallets.
Plants require substantial amounts of nutrients, including calcium and sulphur for growth. A fertiliser programme that maintains adequate levels of these minerals in the soil is necessary for continued cropping.
Gypsum is a fertiliser
As a fertiliser, gypsum is a good source of sulphur and, being more soluble than lime, it is also a good source of medium-term release calcium. It has the added advantage that it neutralises the by-products of organic decomposition. Some New Zealand soils, particularly large parts of Otago, Canterbury and Gisborne, are low in sulphur and traditionally superphosphate has been applied to amend this. The sulphur in gypsum is in a form that is readily available to plants. Superphosphate applications raise the concentration of phosphorous in the soil whereas gypsum allows the application of sulphur without input of phosphorous. Gypsum also alleviates problems of high aluminium and manganese in some clay subsoils.
Plants need Calcium
Calcium is a structural part of every plant cell wall and cell membrane. It also affects the activity of many plant enzymes. Calcium is taken up passively in the transpiration flow and moves in the xylem sap to high transpiring structures such as leaves and to a lesser extent fruit.
The calcium level in a fruit is usually much lower than that in the other organs (stems, leaves, roots etc.). As a result, the fruit of many species (particularly apples, tomatoes, capsicum etc) tend to suffer from specific calcium-deficit disorders such as bitter pit and blossom-end-rot. While the addition of luxury levels of calcium fertiliser will not solve these problems it is important that soil-calcium deficiencies are promptly corrected for these will only make matters worse.
A continual supply of calcium in the soil solution is required as calcium is not mobile within plant tissues, so is not reallocated to the growing tips.
Deficiency symptoms include:
Distortion of young leaves,
Curled margins, and tips hooked back on young leaves
Irregular or ragged shape of young leaves
Brown spotting or scorching of young leaves
Death of terminal buds
Poorly developed root systems
Fruit quality problems e.g. bitter pit in apples and blossom end rot in tomatoes.
Symptoms of calcium deficiency in tomato
Symptoms of calcium deficiency in cucumber
Plants need Sulphur
Sulphur is necessary for proteins, vitamins and the synthesis of some plant hormones. It is essential for the production of healthy, green leafy material. Without adequate sulphur, chlorophyll is not stable and plants suffer from chlorosis (lack of chlorophyll). Like calcium, sulphur is not mobile within plant tissues, so a continuous supply is needed for growing plants.
Deficiency symptoms:
Young leaves are pale green or light yellow without spots (similar to nitrogen deficiency, except nitrogen deficiency shows up primarily in older leaves as it is reallocated to new growth).
Sulphur deficiency symptoms in grass (right side) compared to a healthy plant (left side)
The soil is the fertile skin of the earth and it is home for almost half of every green plant – the roots. A good soil environment makes a huge difference to the growth and health of the above ground parts that we see.
Heavy, compacted and waterlogged soils slow plant growth and can cause disease problems. These soils can be greatly improved by applications of gypsum. Gypsum will improve soil structure and drainage through the profile and thus aeration. This will allow plants to explore the soil more deeply, thereby giving them the edge in times of drought.
Even quite heavy applications of horticultural gypsum have no negative side effects for it is a natural mineral that is certified for organic use. Gypsum is also a source of the essential plant nutrients – calcium and sulphur.
What is soil?
Soil is the biologically active material that covers much of the world's land surface to depths ranging from a few millimetres to well over 1 metre. It is home to the below-ground parts of plants (the roots) and also to a host of micro-organisms (fungi, bacteria, protozoans etc) and small animals (earthworms, arthropods etc).
The non-living components of soil, in varying proportions, are: the highly weathered parent rock material, water, air and decaying organic matter. Soil is usually formed over a very long period of time, and its composition is dependent on the material from which it has formed and on the dominant local processes involved. Soils are very diverse and have different physical and chemical properties depending on their composition and location. Terms used to characterise soils include texture, consistence and structure.
Soil properties
Texture refers to the size distribution of the mineral particles that make up a soil. These are defined as the sand, silt and clay particles.
Coarse-textured soils have relatively high proportions of sand (particle sizes between 0.02 and 2 mm). These soils absorb and drain water easily but they hold relatively low amounts of water and they also leach nutrients very easily. These soils are favoured for viticulture as they control excessive vigour.
Medium-textured soils have higher proportions of silt particles (0.002 to 0.02 mm). These soils are more generally desirable for plant growth where high vigour is desirable.
Fine-textured soils have higher proportions of clay particles (less than 0.002 mm). Clay soils are usually poor draining and are difficult to manage when wet. When dry they become dense by shrinkage and therefore hard. On the other hand, the small particle sizes of clay gives it a very large surface area allowing good retention of nutrients. These are also held in such a way that they can be readily available to be taken up by plants. Much of our productive pasture is on these soils.
Consistence refers to the way moist soil deforms or fragments in response to an applied force. Soil consistence can range from very friable (aggregates are easily crushed in the hand), to very firm (very hard to crumble in the hand). Moderately friable soil that crumbles when squeezed is most desirable for agricultural and horticultural use.
Structure refers to the way and extent to which soil particles aggregate into larger units. A well-structured soil has aggregates that pack to create many pores. Pores are essential for free drainage, for aeration and for root growth. Weakly structured soils are prone to wind and water erosion, as well as to compaction. They are also likely to crust after heavy rainfall so that water will take longer to enter the soil bulk and will tend to run off if the surface is sloping. These factors all tend to reduce plant growth and yield. An important element of structure is structural stability.
Gypsum improves soil properties
The calcium component of gypsum encourages the soil clay particles to flocculate (group together) thereby improving soil structure. Flocculation occurs because the fine components of the soil (clay and organic matter) normally carry negative charges and attract calcium, which carries two positive charges. Water molecules act as a bridge between the two, so the clay particles become linked together. The calcium component also encourages the growth of soil organisms that, in turn, help create/maintain soil structure and stability. Improvements in structure have many benefits for the soil.
Flocculation of small particles into larger aggregates facilitates the easier movement of water and nutrients into and through the soil profile. Surface crusting is often a problem with fine-textured soils where raindrops and sprinkler splash destroy the structure of the surface layers. Surface crusting results in run off, reduces water infiltration and soil-air gas exchange, and also restricts seedling emergence. Gypsum can reduce crusting by restoring structure and maintaining more stable aggregates.
Gypsum applied
The improvement in soil structure following gypsum application also involves the creation of pores having a range of different sizes. These control the balance between the important properties of free drainage on the one hand and water holding capacity on the other. The larger pores allow water infiltration and drainage, while the small ones hold the water so as to provide water storage for the plants. A good range of pore sizes also means that the soil is well aerated allowing the roots and soil organisms to 'breathe' better. Lastly, a porous soil allows easier root penetration so plants can better explore the soil volume in search of both minerals and water. This leads to better growth and improved drought avoidance.
Soil compaction is a common consequence of the intensive management systems that are employed in modern agri/horticulture. It changes the distribution of pore sizes, increasing the number of small pores. Soil compaction can be alleviated by mechanical means (e.g. ripping), but gypsum alone will also perform this function to some extent. In conjunction with mechanical methods of alleviation gypsum helps to create soil aggregates that tend to maintain a structure that is less likely to compact. A less compact soil allows easier root penetration and is also easier to manage. Gypsum also helps to reduce compaction in subsoil layers, and in 'cultivation pans' as the relatively high solubility of gypsum allows it to move down through the soil profile.
Clay textured soils tend to swell when wet, and to shrink when they dry. This causes large cracks to appear at the surface. Gypsum reduces the amount of shrink and swell by moderating change in water status. The amount of cracking is therefore reduced.
The calcium in gypsum also increases the activity of soil organisms. Soil microbes break down dead plant material and other organic matter. This process produces organic 'glues' that bind soil particles together and stabilise soil structure. Decomposed organic material is also bound to clays at a molecular level via calcium. Earthworm activity is increased by calcium, and this brings with it many benefits including increased aeration, increased mixing of organic matter, and macropore formation.
As a fertiliser, gypsum can be used to increase and maintain levels of both calcium and sulphur in the soil. Gypsum is relatively soluble, much more soluble than lime. It is therefore a good source of medium-term release calcium which has reasonable mobility through the soil profile. Maintenance of calcium supply is essential for plant growth, and unlike some other nutrients, it does not move easily within the plant from, say, older leaves to the growing tips where it is needed. Calcium is especially important for the horticultural crops (apples, kiwifruit, winegrapes, tomatoes, capsicum) as it is important in fruit development. It is well known that fruit with a higher-than-average calcium status are less likely to suffer physiological and postharvest storage problems. The advantage of gypsum, over lime, as a calcium fertiliser is that it has little or no effect on soil pH. Application of minerals (e.g. lime) that raise pH, make trace elements less available and tend to reduce plant growth.
New Zealand soils are commonly low in sulphur. Traditionally, superphosphate has been applied to amend this. Gypsum is a good source of sulphur, the sulphur being in a form that is readily available to plants. Superphosphate applications raise the concentration of phosphorous in the soil, whereas gypsum allows the application of sulphur without further input of phosphorous. Plants require sulphur for protein synthesis.
Gypsum is better than lime for relieving problems associated with acidity at lower soil depths. Calcium associated with sulphate in gypsum moves down the profile faster than calcium associated with bicarbonate in lime. Gypsum will also alleviate problems of high aluminium and manganese concentration in some clay subsoils.
High, soil-sodium content has severe detrimental effects on soil structure. Sodium causes loss of aggregation and reduces pore spaces, and this may increase pH in severe situations. The calcium in gypsum restores aggregation and pore space by displacing the sodium from the soil. This is more of a problem overseas than it is in New Zealand.
Which soils?
Not all soils respond to gypsum. Those that respond best have high clay contents (30% or more), high sodium contents (exchangeable sodium > 5%) and low organic matter. As a rule volcanic soils respond to gypsum more quickly than alluvial soils and soils from sedimentary parent material.
Many of the soils of New Zealand's 10m ha of pasture and 0.2m ha of arable farmland are classified as 'heavy'. These soils tend to suffer structural problems that would benefit significantly from applications of gypsum. However, there is an economic barrier to the use of gypsum to remedy these problems. Basically, the cost of remediation is too high taking into account the overall profitability of the low-input, extensive production systems we employ. This does not preclude the use of gypsum to smaller areas of this farmland to remedy very local problems (see Pastoral Farming and Arable Cropping).
Most of the 45,000 ha used for horticultural production in New Zealand have soils possessing good drainage characteristics. However, even those regions with the best soils include areas where soil drainage is poor. Also, a significant proportion of our horticultural production comes from regions with soils that have less-than-ideal drainage characteristics. The latter include some heavy clay soils in the Kerikeri and South Auckland districts, patches on the Gisborne plains, the so-called Yellow Grey Earths of the Manawatu and Wairarapa, southern Yellow Grey Earths of the Canterbury plains and Central Otago and the Moutere hill soils in Nelson.
Gypsum can be widely used to improve the fertility and functioning of productive soils. It:
• Improves soil structure, aeration and drainage
• Reduces soil compaction and cracking
• Improves root penetration
• Increases soil calcium balance without changing pH
• Increases available sulphur in the soil
• Stabilises the organic components of the soil
McLaren RG and Cameron KC (1990) Soil Science. OUP (available from educational booksellers for around NZ$80). This book provides an excellent introduction to the properties and management of New Zealand's soils.


This circle shaped acrylic award is clear and available in three sizes. An Excellent Acrylic award for employee service award, sales achievement award, or other acrylic award recognition presentations. Each Acrylic award comes with its own presentation box. Image shown with full color imprinting on the front, available as an optional imprinting method to this acrylic award, and lasered to a frost white engraving on the back.
A 1/2" thick acrylic sits on top of cherry piano finish base for an over height of 13". Laser engraved to a frost white text. Presentation gift box included. Full color imprinting available as an optional imprinting method for this acrylic award.
Elegant is the only term that one can use when describing these 1" thick Circle Acrylic Awards. Each piece has a beautiful cut around the upper edge that adds depth and a flat bottom allows it to sit anywhere. A large engraving or laserable area that can accommodate any of your personalization needs completes these awards. Flexibility is a key component for these awards as they are offered in either clear or jade and your choice of four sizes 4 1/4" X 4", 5 1/4" X 5", 6 1/4" X 6", or 7 1/4" X 7". A white presentation box completes these fine awards that anyone would be proud to give or receive.
3/4" Clear Circle Acrylic Award available in four sizes, laser engraved to a frosted white text. Presentation Box included. Full color imprinting available as an option for this acrylic award.


"The KOffice project today announced the release of KOffice 1.1.1. KOffice is a free, Open Source, integrated office suite demonstrating the richness and power of the KDE development environment. The release, out less than three months after the long-anticipated KOffice 1.1 hit the KDE ftp servers, mainly improves performance, printing (particularly in KWord), and stability. The announcement contains links to the source and a number of binary packages, as well as a summary of the changes. A more detailed changelog is available at the KOffice website. The next release will likely be released shortly after KDE 3.0, sometime in the first quarter of 2002."
Complete Story with News.KDE.org's usual helpful collection of links.
the project's official announcement with download links.


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Wednesday, May 3, 2023 from 12:00 PM to 1:30 PM EDT
Kroc Center
424 Westfield St
Upstate International
The Race to Electric Cars
A Beyond the Hedlines Event
With Electric Vehicles getting a lot of press, it can be difficult to not get the feeling that this new mode of fueling our transportation is inevitable - traditional auto manufacturers and states are phasing out fossil fueled vehicles and doing so with aggressive timelines. Cadillac will no longer sell gasoline cars after 2030 and California will ban the sale of new cars with tail pipe emissions by 2035. Can Electric Vehicles be a great driving experience? What is the current EV landscape? Will they save the planet? What will be the impacts on our electric grid? Mr. Mike Smith, Vice President of business and technology strategy for The Electric Cooperatives of South Carolina and registered professional engineer of South Carolina, will be giving his expert opinion on the subject.
Mr. Mike Smith is a graduate of Clemson University with a BSEE and Georgia Institute of Technology MSEE. Mike served 4 years in the US Army as an officer in the Signal corps, and serves as vice president of business and technology strategy for The Electric Cooperatives of South Carolina, the state association of 18 independent, member-owned electric utilities in the state. Mike works with state and national partners to develop an understanding of how technology is changing the utility industry. A registered professional engineer in South Carolina, his work includes contributions to the development of the Distributed Energy Resource Program Act (Act 236), adopted by the General Assembly in 2014. He is also the program manager for Help My House, a whole home weatherization program offered through the electric cooperatives. This program was granted a $15.5 million no interest loan from RUS to weatherize both site-built and manufactured homes, repayment which will be made through on bill financing. Prior to coming to the co-ops' association, Mike worked 11 years at Central Electric Power Cooperative, the generation and transmission cooperative that acts as the power aggregator for South Carolina cooperatives.
More on Beyond the Headlines
Beyond the Headlines; Critical Issues Impacting our World is a Lunch and Learn format speaker series designed to bring fact based information on the most pressing global issues of today to Upstate residents. Utilizing academics and research institution leaders, we strive to keep political opinions out of the presentation and allow people to ask their own questions and formulate their own opinions. This series is provided by Upstate International, a 501(c)3 founded in 1998 that has been empowering people and businesses of all nations to thrive in the Upstate by connecting them through programs, events, and initiatives that foster the dynamic exchange of international cultures and ideas for 25 years. Visit: www.upstateinternational.org
Please plan to join us for this
LIVE In-Person EVENT
Wednesday, May 3rd, 2023
Presentations generally run from 12:00-1:30 with plenty of time
to have a lively discussion and ask your specific questions of our speaker after the presentation.
Where: Kroc Center, 424 Westfield St., Greenville SC
When: Wednesday, May 3rd at 12:00 pm
Attend for free or choose an option of lunch for $14.00
2023-05-03T12:00:00-0400 2023-05-03T13:30:00-0400 The Race to Electric Cars: Beyond the Headlines May 2023 424 Westfield St, Greenville, SC, 29601, US http://events.r20.constantcontact.com/register/event?llr=4w9vvofab&oeidk=a07ejftwgtl7f4e51eb

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Storm Has Ended in Franklin, NH- Time to Get to Work!
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Slideoo Dumpster Rental at (866) 290-3606 can give you some idea on what size dumpster you are going to need for Franklin on your property or where certain debris must be dumped.
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Whether you're embarking on a remodeling challenge, or trying to remove damage on your lawn after a storm, a dumpster rental will be necessary. If you need any kind of waste or debris removal in Franklin, NH, contact Slideoo Dumpster Rental at (866) 290-3606, and let them take care of you! By doing this, you will have a hassle-free experience.


With fuel prices moving steadily upwards as of the beginning of the second quarter of 2019, we're all keener than ever to find the cheapest petrol and diesel we can.
So how on earth do you find where the cheapest fuel is if you're travelling or commuting? Especially when prices are as steep as they are now?
What are the most economical new cars in 2018?
Here's your complete guide to tracking down the cheapest petrol and diesel near you.
First, let's set a baseline. What are the average prices for petrol and diesel in Britain right now? The RAC has a Fuel Watch tool that lets us find out.
As of the beginning of April 2019, it says diesel is 130.82p per litre (and likely to come down soon), unleaded petrol is 122.96p (and likely to keep rising) and super unleaded is 134.88p.
If you're in a new car with a built-in SIM card and the latest infotainment system – for instance, an Audi equipped with Audi Connect – your route to the cheapest fuel in your area should be very swift indeed.
Audi Connect utilises an online database to find fuel stations with the cheapest fuel options for you. Simply follow your way through the infotainment to the petrol stations icon where it says "Refuel for the best price" (see image above).
And if it doesn't… Waze is a free user-supported navigation app for iPhone and Android. Accident alerts, roadworks, camera locations and more are fed in as contributions from people using the app, thereby keeping information up to date for the entire user base in that local area.
That user contribution-based system isn't limited to route planning, either. One incredibly useful feature is the fuel station finder complete with, you guessed it, prices to match. If the BP up the road from your hotel is a bit heady at 129p a litre, Waze might show you a Tesco 5 miles away that's down at 124p. We are quite literally dealing with pennies here but if you have a long journey ahead, you'd save £2.50 on a 50-litre fill-up.
What are the drawbacks? Well, depending on where you are, the user-supported nature can be patchy. In busy urban areas, it's great. Savvy commuters are always online, keeping the app's information fresh on all of the above, including fuel prices. Find yourself further out in the sticks, however, and it falters. The user base is Waze's most precious resource and if that dries up, well, so does Waze. The ads can get irritating, too, but ads make the world go round!
Regardless, it's a handy first port of call to have installed on your phone.
We mean that in the actual confused.com sense, and its dedicated cheapest fuel price finder near you tool.
Firstly, the former… Sign up for free, pop in your postcode, tick whether you want stations that are open at that particular time and away you go. It's a clean and crisp facility. The semi-regular weekly update can catch you by surprise price wise if there's a sudden hike in between updates.
By and large, the cheapest stays the cheapest, though, regardless of universal hikes. One thing none of these facilities can do is keep prices down… The main drawback really is that you'll have to search for your chosen watering hole on a map separately.
That's where petrolprices.com comes in, in a manner of speaking. Like Confused, you plug in your postcode but the filling stations come up on a map within a radius around your chosen postcode. It seems to be the best of the website-based facilities that feature a map.
Where petrolprices.com falters is in its clunkiness (we suspect due to the ads) and the fact that to get rid of them, it's a £20-a-year subscription as standard. Whats more, some of the fuel stations, while marked out on the map, are kept anonymous. It'll only show you all of them if you get that subscription. You may prefer to use confused.com and search the station on a map.
One thing it's easy to overlook is just having a general knowledge of fuel station brands. The general rule is that supermarket filling stations are cheaper than branded stops like Shell, BP and so on. Especially if you're in the market for the juicier stuff. We found in a recent stop at Tesco that Momentum (99 Octane) came in at the same price as the standard 95 stuff from a nearby Shell.
Want proof? The AA produces a regular report on fuel prices, and the results are conclusive. The average at supermarkets is near enough always cheaper than the national average – in the case of June, 3.2p cheaper than the average.
So if you're really stuck in an area you're not familiar with and want a safe bet on cheap fuel, simply ask someone where the local supermarket filling station is.
How to get an International Driving Permit Shutterstock Vanacci Is this the most stylish way to beat keyless car theft?


VATICAN (CNS): "One thing is certain: good politics is at the service of peace," Pope Francis wrote in his annual message for the World Day of Peace, which is on January 1.
"It respects and promotes fundamental human rights, which are at the same time mutual obligations, enabling a bond of trust and gratitude to be forged between present and future generations," the pope added in the message, which was released on December 18 at a Vatican news conference led by Peter Cardinal Turkson, prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development.
Holding political office and having political responsibility "constantly challenge those called to the service of their country to make every effort to protect those who live there and to create the conditions for a worthy and just future," the pope said.
Pope Francis' message, which the Vatican sent to heads of state around the world, invited politicians in particular to manage and administer resources for the well-being of "all dwellers in the house," Cardinal Turkson said at the December 18 press conference.
The cardinal said peace is a gift freely offered by God to all people, who are then called upon to be open to peace and to cooperate, making peace real in one's home, family, community and country.
"To threaten others is to lower them to the status of objects and to deny their dignity," which is why any "escalation of intimidation and the uncontrolled proliferation of arms is contrary to morality and the search for true peace," the pope said.
The mood in many countries is marked by "mistrust rooted in the fear of others or of strangers, or anxiety about one's personal security," he said.
"Sadly, it is also seen at the political level, in attitudes of rejection or forms of nationalism that call into question the fraternity of which our globalised world has such great need," the pope observed.
"Today more than ever, our societies need 'artisans of peace' who can be messengers and authentic witnesses of God the father, who wills the good and the happiness of the human family," Pope Francis wrote in his message.
"Every election and re-election, and every stage of public life, is an opportunity to return to the original points of reference that inspire justice and law," the pope said.


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This article lists the members of the Indonesian Regional Representative Council from 2004 to 2009. The first Regional Representative Council follows the 2004 Indonesian legislative election held on 5 April 2004. There are 128 elected senators in the Parliament.

Even though the senators were required to be independent, several senators were affiliated to certain political party.

Speaker and deputy speaker

List of members

References

People's Consultative Assembly
Regional Representative Council

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: How to connect a PlanetScale DB to a SvelteKit app running in Vercel Vercel and PlanetScale's documentation tell you how to connect them but they have so much automation (read 'magic') happening that if a part fails, you have no clue how to recover.
Something failed so that's where I am.

*

*Where in Vercel do I put the connection string or username/password?

*Do I install MySQL modules somewhere?

*If so which ones? Where?

*What else am I missing?

Basically, some brief steps would be very
appreciated.
(Yes, I've googled it. The only help I can find is connecting Vercel Next.js. Nothing on Vercel SvelteKit that I can see).
Rich Harris? Maybe you can comment?

A: I'm a Developer Advocate at PlanetScale and a huge fan of SvelteKit and Vercel. To your question about setup, there are a couple of different options.

*

*use the mysql2 NPM package which allows you to write raw SQL

*use Prisma (an ORM)

My personal preference would be to use Prisma. To me, it adds a more clean way of working with your DB in JavaScript.
As far as where to put the credentials, you'll need to add a DATABASE_URL environment variable inside of Vercel. You can find more about environment variables in Vercel here.
This URL will have a slightly different format depending on which NPM package from above you use. You can create them from within the PlanetScale dashboard under the connect dropdown.
Example with Prisma.

Example with MySQL 2

Hopefully that helps. Let me know what other questions you have. I'm not the most active on Stack Overflow so feel free to reach out to me on Twitter as well.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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'Jaded' Rovers found a way to win as boss eyes improvement
Mowbray says 'jaded' Rovers must improve for trio of tests
Adam Armstrong scored a 90th minute winner for Rovers against Millwall
Finding a way to win while off the pace was pleasing for boss Tony Mowbray who insists Rovers must improve for their trio of tests within the next week.
Rovers snatched victory against Millwall courtesy of a 90th minute Adam Armstrong goal, his 14th of an increasingly impressive season, as they made it six games unbeaten.
Mowbray's men have now chalked up three consecutive Championship wins for the first time in almost a year to move within four points of the summit.
However, they sit ninth, and face three sides above them in the league within the next week, with Saturday's trip to Brentford followed by an away game at Bristol City before hosting leaders Norwich City next Saturday.
That will be a test of their credentials as they look to put together a sustained promotion charge this season, and Mowbray says they will need more than they produced against Millwall.
Mowbray felt his side were off the pace for much of the game against the Lions who had earlier seen Scott Malone cancel out Harvey Elliott's fine opener.
But after extending their unbeaten run, Mowbray said: "We're delighted that they found a way to win, but ultimately we have to be better if we're genuinely going to challenge.
"We found a way to win. I genuinely felt we looked a bit jaded, they were off the pace of where we can get to with the intensity.
"The winning goal was a bit better, Rothwell winning the ball back and then five seconds later it's in their net.
"I didn't think we could do that for the majority of the game until we made the changes.
"It's not a surprise to have a jaded performance on the back of all the games and how they keep coming.
"There's lots to work on and we have some tough games coming up on the back of this run."
Bournemouth, Watford and Swansea City are three of the teams to beat Rovers this season, all doing so while playing with a back three.
Millwall arrived at Ewood with a similar formation and proved tough to break down, while their wing-backs enjoyed plenty of joy while going forward, with Malone equalising within 10 minutes of Elliott's strike.
Rovers remained consistent in their 4-3-3 shape, with a new role in the midfield three for Elliott as Sam Gallagher was brought in as Mowbray made four changes.
Joe Rothwell was one player to be rested, something Mowbray says fans should come to expect with eight fixtures to play in December.
"Lots of teams are playing three at the back and with two strikers, we're coming up against lots of different formations, and we're trying to have a consistency," he added.
"I think what we've found is that we're probably not good enough just to play how we want to play and dominate the game, we have to adjust because there are a lot of well coached teams in this division that can give you problems.
"We have games that will test where we are, Brentford away, Bristol City away, Norwich at home, three pretty tough games on paper, so we'll see where we are after them.
"We'll take the points, know that we weren't at our best, and see what Saturday brings."
Rovers have often this season not got what they have deserved from games, particularly in away defeats at Bournemouth and Watford, and for that reason, Mowbray says they must take the points however they come in matches.
He added: "We've had some pretty good performances, particularly away from home at Bournemouth and Watford, and got nothing when we were really good. On a day like today let's put the points in the bag, knowing we'll be better, and move on."


Granger Roofing Construction, formerly known as Granger Roofing, has served St. Joseph County, Indiana, and surrounding areas in northern Indiana, including Granger, Elkhart, Mishawaka, South Bend, and Plymouth, for over a quarter of a century. We are a GAF Certified Roofing Contractor who provides our customers with the best of the roofing industry's standards when it comes to roofing services.
With more than 25 years of experience in the roofing industry in northern Indiana, our roofing experts are prepared to take on any roofing project. We are locally and family owned and operated. We are committed to providing you with the best service and quality products.
We include GAF's manufacturer 50-year warranty on all labor and materials for all single-family homes.
For duplexes and apartments, we offer GAF's manufacturer 40-year warranty on all labor and materials.
We offer a transferable warranty if you ever sell your home, but the warranty changes to a maximum of 40 years on all labor and materials.
We are licensed, bonded, and insured – so you can rest easy that your home is in great hands. From roof replacement to repair, both commercial and residential, Granger Roofing Construction ensures your roof can protect your home from the weather, no matter how unpredictable.
Granger Roofing Construction provides home and business owners quality roofing services while keeping the cost affordable. We are proud to share that our company has helped customers save more than 40% of our competitor's prices. We even carry an A+ Rating with the Better Business Bureau.
We offer FREE ESTIMATES! No need to pay our professionals to visit your home and assess any wind or storm damage, repair opportunities, or price a complete roof replacement. We'll send someone over at no cost to you.
NO MONEY DOWN – Yes, that is right! You will only pay when the project is complete, not before work begins.
We are family owned and have been in YOUR community for 56 years.
Our roofing services include a no leak lifetime warranty workmanship on lifetime architectural dimensional shingles. We know you want to keep your home safe, so our products come with various warranties in order to protect your roofing investment.


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37 Lindencrest Dr
37 Lindencrest Dr is a single family residence located in Danbury, CT 06811. Built in 1975, this property features 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, 1 acres lot, and 2,724 sq ft of living space. The estimated market value for 37 Lindencrest Dr is $426,000.
For the surrounding community of Danbury, CT 06811, the average sale price for similar homes to 37 Lindencrest Dr is $435,215. The nearby schools are below average and include Mill Ridge Primary School, Danbury High School and Rogers Park Middle School. The overall crime risk for this area is low with 1 criminal and sex offenders residing within 1 mile. The natural disaster risk for this area includes very low earthquake risk, medium tornado risk, and minimal flood risk.
Property Details: 37 Lindencrest Dr
Parcel Number: M:D13 L:105
Basement Sq Ft: 587
2018 $8,045 (+2.75%) $111,000 $180,500 $291,500
2011 $7,215 $105,700 $163,500 $269,200
11 Fir Dr, Danbury, CT 06811
35 Lindencrest Dr, Danbury, CT 06811
9 Fir Dr, Danbury, CT 06811
The average sales price of homes similar to 37 Lindencrest Dr is $435,215 ($162/sq.ft.)
91 Clapboard Ridge Rd # A $410,000 10/17/2019 $152 2,705 sq.ft. 5 Bed, 4 Bath 2.3 mi away
14 Heritage Dr $467,000 09/24/2019 $183 2,548 sq.ft. 4 Bed, 3 Bath 1.2 mi away
43 Lindencrest Dr $400,000 09/10/2019 $138 2,906 sq.ft. 4 Bed, 3 Bath 0.1 mi away
19 Kilian Dr $415,000 07/31/2019 $150 2,758 sq.ft. 4 Bed, 3 Bath 1.8 mi away
14 Devonshire Dr $490,000 07/29/2019 $176 2,792 sq.ft. 5 Bed, 3 Bath 0.5 mi away
33 Judith Dr $483,000 07/17/2019 $180 2,678 sq.ft. 4 Bed, 3 Bath 1.5 mi away
2 Richter Dr $495,000 07/15/2019 $190 2,605 sq.ft. 4 Bed, 4 Bath 1.2 mi away
7 Kilian Dr $414,000 07/02/2019 $156 2,649 sq.ft. 4 Bed, 3 Bath 1.8 mi away
31 Grandview Dr $418,000 06/24/2019 $162 2,580 sq.ft. 3 Bed, 3 Bath 1.3 mi away
46 Corn Tassle Rd
75 Bear Mountain Rd
74 Clapboard Rid...
37 Lindencrest Dr was built in 1975. The lot size is approximately 43,560 square feet.
A total of 5 properties had foreclosure filings in the 06811 zip code surrounding 37 Lindencrest Dr during the month of 12/2019, one in every 2,456 housing units. Fairfield County, where 37 Lindencrest Dr, Danbury, CT 06811 is located, documented 201 properties with foreclosure filings during the month, a foreclosure rate of one in every 1,836 housing units. Statewide in Connecticut, one in every 1,921 housing units had a foreclosure filing in 12/2019, while one in every 2,541 had a foreclosure filing nationwide.


"As a Writer and director, Gary Ross said in a statement on his decision to not direct the sequel, "I simply don't have the time I [would] need to write and prep the movie I would have wanted to make because of the fixed and tight production schedule."Despite the extreme financial and critical success of The Hunger Games, the director, Gary Ross has bowed out of doing the two coming sequels. This surprised many because Ross and Lionsgate, had been engaged in talks over compensation needed to get him to return. Ross was paid a $3 milion advance and a percentage of the films profits which will likely bring him an additional $15 million. At appears that money was not the major stumbling block, it was a question of timing. Lawrence (Katniss Everdeen) is returning for "Catching Fire, but she also is contractually obligated to "20th Century Fox to reprise her role as Mystique in the sequel of "X-Men: First Class". The timing of that film would require that "Catching Fire" would need to be shot in a window that Ross did not feel would give him the time he needed to "Prep the movie I would have wanted to make." It must be nice to be able to walk away from a $20 milion dollar paycheck.


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Our Housing
Need Housing?
Rent Our Ballroom
Permanent Housing Apply for Housing FAQs For Social Workers
Breaking Ground offers affordable housing for low-income working professionals and the formerly homeless, some of whom live with HIV/AIDS, mental illness, or physical disabilities. In addition, most of our buildings offers a wide array of on-site support services, recreational activities, and amenities.
Below, you can browse through all of our buildings and filter by various categories, including by which buildings are currently accepting applications. If a building is accepting applications, you'll be able to download a PDF application to print, fill out, and mail back with required information and attachments. All affordable units have specific requirements that can vary from building to building - you must fill out a separate and specific application for each building to which you are applying.
If you don't have access to a printer or PDF reading software, you may call the Central Intake Hotline at 800.324.7055 and request that an application (or applications) be mailed to you. Please remember to speak slowly and clearly when leaving a message with your name and current mailing address.
If you are currently without housing please call 311 to receive assistance with emergency housing, or learn more at the NYC Department of Homeless Services.
Permanent Housing In
All LocationsNYC AreaConnecticutRochester ▼
No. of BedroomsStudioOne BedroomTwo BedroomsThree BedroomsSafe HavenDrop-In ▼
Rent$0–$499$500–$999$1000–$1499$1500–$1999 ▼
FeaturesGreen Building/Green RoofFitness RoomComputer LabLaundry/washer & dryer in unitBike Storage24-Hour SecurityArts StudioOutdoor/Garden SpaceParkingCommunity/Multi-purpose RoomCommunity TheatreGame/Play RoomMedical SuiteLibraryLaundry onsite ▼
Accepting Applications
Boston Road
1191 Boston Rd
Opened 2016|154 Units
The Brook
The Christopher
The Hegeman
39 Hegeman Ave
133 Pitt St
Lenniger Residences
619 and 623 E 179th St
Opened 2011|92 Units
The Prince George
14 E 28th St
The Schermerhorn
160 Schermerhorn St
The Times Square
Breaking Ground residences feature amenities such as community and performance spaces, exercise rooms, computer labs, rooftop or courtyard garden spaces, and on-site laundry facilities. Our supportive studio apartments are typically fully furnished and provide a private bath, and a kitchenette with cooking facilities and a refrigerator. Apartments in our all-affordable buildings are not typically furnished. Property management and social service staff are located on-site during normal business hours and 24-hour security is featured in all buildings.
You may call the Central Intake Hotline at 800.324.7055 if you would like an application mailed to you. To download an application, please click on the building that you are interested in above, and use the Download An Application button on the next screen. Please note that The Times Square, The Prince George and The Christopher share an application process and applicant list. Regardless of which building you apply for, if you are approved for an apartment, you will be offered one in the first of those three buildings that becomes available.
Once you complete your application(s), attach all documents and mail to:
Central Intake Unit
Please note: If you are currently homeless, or assisting an individual who is currently homeless, please see For Social Workers below.
In order to view the applications, you will need an up-to-date version of a PDF-reading software, such as Adobe Reader. You can download it at no cost here.
I'm having trouble downloading or opening the housing application. Can you send me one?
In order to view the applications, you will need an up-to-date version of a PDF-reading software, such as Adobe Reader. You can download it at no cost here. If you're still having trouble, you may call the Central Intake Hotline at 1.800.324.7055 to request that an application be mailed to you. Please remember to speak slowly and clearly, state your full name, and your full mailing address.
What kind of apartments do you rent?
Most units in Breaking Grounds permanent housing sites are studios, with private baths and kitchenettes. The Dorothy Ross Friedman Residence, The Lenniger Residences, The Domenech, 40 Riverside, 10 Freedom Place, and Park House offer different unit sizes but additional residency restrictions may apply. Please review each building's application for more information.
Can I see a model apartment?
Because of the high-demand for our housing, we cannot keep model apartments open at our buildings or give tours to prospective applicants. However, applicants are shown units at the beginning of the interview process. You can also view building photos in the "additional photos" section on each building's individual page.
What amenities do you offer?
Breaking Ground sites offer an outstanding range of amenities and services to our tenants. 24-hour security personnel, superintendents and maintenance teams staff all of our buildings. Amenities vary from building to building, but most sites include social service and recreational programming staff, on-site laundry facilities, fitness rooms, contemplative outdoor spaces, and computer labs.
To learn more about the amenities at our buildings, please visit the individuals building pages above.
Are your apartments furnished?
Typically, all studio apartments in Breaking Ground's supportive buildings are fully furnished. Most units include an efficiency kitchen, table, chairs, dresser and a bed.
For our buildings that provide exclusively affordable apartments (this includes 40 Riverside and Park House), the units will typically not come with furnishings.
May I bring in my own furniture?
Furniture provided by Breaking Ground at The Dorothy Ross Friedman Residence, The Prince George, and The Times Square may be placed in storage if you wish to furnish the apartment yourself. However, furnishings provided at other buildings cannot be removed, and additional furniture cannot be added.
For buildings that do not have furnished units (40 Riverside, 10 Freedom Place, and Park House) you may bring in your own furniture.
One pet per unit (subject to size/weight restrictions) is allowed at The Times Square, The Prince George and The Domenech. No pets are allowed at our other sites.
Who lives in your buildings?
Breaking Ground houses a diverse population, and is committed to providing a safe and supportive environment for all of our tenants. Our building tenants include the formerly homeless, low-income individuals, performers and artists, people who are living with mental illnesses or physical disabilities, seniors, and people living with HIV/AIDS.
How do you determine who is accepted into your buildings?
Breaking Ground conducts the intake process in accordance with federal fair housing laws and applicable state and local regulations. Applicants are evaluated on the basis of their ability to abide by the terms of our lease. Factors such as history of financial obligations, employment history, legal history and acceptance of building diversity are all considered when determining whether to offer an applicant housing. At no point in the application process are you guaranteed an apartment until you have signed a lease and received the keys.
For Social Workers
If your client is homeless and living in a shelter or receiving services through a drop-in center, he or she may be eligible for placement into one of our units reserved for homeless individuals. In order to be eligible for one of these units, the individual's case manager must submit a referral packet to the Department of Homeless Services (DHS)'s Supportive Housing Placement & Vacancy Control Unit.
If your client is receiving services from the HIV/AIDS Services Administration (HASA), he or she may still be eligible for housing. All HASA applications must be submitted to our social service partners, the Center for Urban Community Services (CUCS), via the HASA Housing Web.
If your client is currently street homeless, in a shelter, or receiving services from the Office of Mental Health, please contact the CUCS Housing Resource Center at 212. 801.3333 for information on housing options and assistance with the housing application process.
If you are located in New York City, you can learn more about emergency housing options available through the Department of Homeless Services (DHS) by calling 311.
©Breaking Ground. All Rights Reserved. Privacy PolicySite by Familiar


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'How Much Do You Have To Pay If You Hit A Kangaroo?'
3 Comments / Writing / By Stephany Steggall
The question was posed by a young Ethiopian man after he had attached himself, uninvited, to our small party at the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa. The question seemed rather incongruous after leaving the church where the tombs of Emperor Haile Selassie and his wife, Menen Asfaw, had been viewed.
The grand mausoleum was incongruous too – in a way – if the viewer was thinking about Haile Selassie's first burial, in a cement casket, beneath a kitchen and a bathroom, across from the office of the dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam, who had reputedly ordered the murder of the Emperor. Some reports say Haile Selassie was smothered to death; one of our young 'Guides' claimed he was given a lethal injection.
HAILE SELASSIE'S TOMB
'Guides' 1 and 2 turned out to be rather professional con men, like many other opportunists who see the chance of making money from the tourists who flock to various sacred sites in Ethiopia. This pair proved, in retrospect, to be quite useful to two ageing Australian tourists who had set out bravely through the melee of city traffic to visit the Holy Trinity Cathedral. They had stopped at the Hilton Hotel first, an oasis of Western order and calm efficiency in a crazy world of overcrowded streets, impossible sights and general mayhem. The excellent coffee and croissants restored the nerves assaulted in the fray on the roads.
'Your driver should be able to take you to the church!' remonstrated the concierge when asked for directions. When informed that the tourists had a vehicle and intended driving themselves, he relented and tried to explain the best way, with the help of a map.
Maps are all very well, but in Addis Ababa, for those used to driving on the left hand side of the road and seeing clearly identified street names, they just fail to do the job (not that 'She' has ever been a competent navigator). One wrong turn and a zealous soldier, with gun, wanted to move the van on. He did try to point the vehicle in the right direction, but it and its occupants ended up at the wrong church.
While the passenger fretted about leaving the van (a borrowed one) in the street, where a resourceful thief would probably remove at least one wheel, the driver was hell bent (figuratively speaking) on checking out the location. The church was rather unusual, octagonal in shape with blue and gold paint enhancing the stonework. It even had the shade of eucalyptus trees to beguile the antipodean visitors. It was here that Guide 1 approached and asked if help was required.
THE WRONG CHURCH
'Where is the Holy Trinity Cathedral?' asked She.
'Where are we?' asked He.
This was music to the ear of Guide 1, who offered to show the way.
'How much?' asked both.
'We'll talk about that later,' Guide 1 was smoothly reassuring. 'First I will show you another church of interest.'
'WE ARE THE LIONS'
Ba'eta Le Mariam was magnificent, although the incense from morning devotions hung heavily in the air. Descending to the tombs of the Meneliks, famed imperial family of Ethiopia in the 19th century, was an eerie experience. The vaults are huge, cold and intimidating.
After parting with some birr (the local currency) to various acolytes, She expressed a need to use a toilet. Guide 1 ushered her in to the dreaded squat toilets, which are rather difficult for the aging female to negotiate effectively. The presence of Guide 1 just outside the door offering water also inhibited proceedings.
The expedition continued. It turned out that we had been very close to Holy Trinity Cathedral on the first sortie from the Hilton, but Guide 1 was tenacious and before long his associate, Guide 2, had glided up to join the party. Unlike his accomplice, Guide 2 was well-dressed, well-spoken and personable. He spoke intelligently about the cemetery that surrounds the Cathedral, including the graves of Sylvia Pankhurst, suffragette and fervent supporter of Haile Selassie in his campaign to dislodge the Italian invaders from his country in the 1930s. Haile Selassie called Pankhurst 'an honorary Ethiopian' and she was the only foreigner buried in front of the Cathedral, until her son Richard was buried with her in February 2017.
The most sobering memorial is to the martyrs of the Derg, the brutal regime that took orders from Mengistu in a reign of terror following the ousting of Haile Selassie. The 'Red Terror' Martyrs' Memorial Museum is another destination for visitors to Addis Ababa, but not on this day.
The museum at the Cathedral houses priceless historical and ecclesiastical relics. The abundance and opulence of gold and silver – the contributions of Emperors, Empresses, and church fathers – maybe ill-gotten gain, troubling to the viewer who has been a witness to the endemic poverty of Ethiopia. How did the church hide all this wealth from the Derg? Haile Selassie's huge mausoleum is also a visual assault, after seeing pictures of a man short in stature and knowing that the downfall of the King of Kings and Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah was brought about largely by his ignoring the hunger of the common people.
The grounds of the Cathedral are spacious and blessedly quiet. Guide 2 confided, when She commented on the number of people sitting around, that this place offered respite for men and women having problems at home. 'At home we call these domestic troubles,' said She, while He noted down the Guide's observation for future use.
Time for home anyway, declared She. Guide 1 wanted to get more money than the amount yet to be discussed, but agreed to end the excursion with a souvenir shop which he was sure sold mementos of the churches. The grubby little cave yielded very little, and She sat in fear on the way to it, sure that a gun or knife would now appear and the intrepid Australians would be obliged to part with all their birr and the van, not just one wheel. Guide 2 told us cheerfully, as we bumped and jolted along, that we were experiencing the African Massage; the treatment to which all travellers are subjected on the uneven roads.
Her fears were further allayed when Guide 2, in his next conversational gambit, commented on the tourists' British accent. She bristled, indignant on behalf of her native land and She promptly corrected him. Then came the question, 'How Much Do You Have to Pay If You Hit a Kangaroo?' This was not so surprising as He and She know that many callous locals leave their poor old horses and donkeys out on the roads in the hope that they will be hit by motorists, who would then be obliged to pay for the dead beasts.
With visions of the horrific road kill on Australian roads, She said that there was no cost, except for the repairs to the vehicle that hit the kangaroo and medical treatment for the driver. Guide 2 then asked, 'Do you eat kangaroo?' No, She replied primly, She had an aversion to eating the animal that was featured on Australia's coat of arms. Guide 2 thought this was hilarious and so the outing ended happily, until the price was negotiated with some indignation on both sides.
Several hundred birr poorer, the tourists retired for tea and buns at the Hilton bakery, glad to be in one piece and none the worse for their adventure. So weary were they and so keen to get back to base that He left his Akubra hat under the table. Better there than lying in a dusty Ethiopian street, into which murky depths its owner had vanished. Next time we may see the sights in a bajaj, regardless of the African Massage.
BUMPY RIDE IN A BAJAJ!
Next time I visited a tomb in Ethiopia was when I went to St. Joseph's Cemetery, to see the tomb and statue of the legendary runner, Abebe Bikila, childhood hero of 'my' runner, Feyisa Lilesa.
ABEBE BIKLA'S STATUE
The pilgrims, bundles on their backs, staffs prodding the track, walk with purpose. They are…
3 thoughts on "'How Much Do You Have To Pay If You Hit A Kangaroo?'"
Very evocative Steph. I feel as if I am there. The same with your article called "First Impressions".
Stephany Steggall
Yes, Yvonne, Ethiopia is very hard to describe adequately, but it is a memorable country. I hope you may see Lalibela one day! Love from Steph.
Noela Penberthy
Your stories and beautiful photos of Ethiopia are memorable Steph, as is Feyisa's story. One hopes the world is listening with action & assistance and with peace reigning sooner than later!
Congratulations again Steph, well done.


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Home 2019 Elections Video: RNC Chair Says He's "All In" on Corrupt, Extremist VA GOP...
Video: RNC Chair Says He's "All In" on Corrupt, Extremist VA GOP Ticket
lowkell
Republican National Committee chair Reince Preibus came to Chesterfield, Virginia yesterday to open and office and make the case for Ken Cuccinelli. The problems are legion. First, Preibus has no credibility on anything, after his total #FAIL in 2012 (including blabbering about a "war on caterpillars", lying about pretty much everything, etc. Second, as the press release from the DNC (see on the "flip") notes, this is the guy who just 100 days ago (almost exactly) rolled out an "autopsy" of his party's disastrous 2012, the central thesis of which is to broaden the tent, hold primaries instead of conventions to bring more people into the process, and ultimately nominate more moderate and sane candidates. Now, just 100 days later, he's in Virginia celebrating the antithesis of his own autopsy – autopsy hypocrisy, if you will – in the extremist ticket (nominated by a few thousand hard-core right wingers in a convention, not a primary) of Ken Cuccinelli, EW Jackson (note that Preibus is standing right in front of a Jackson sign), and Mark "Criminalize Miscarriages" Obenshain.
By the way, note Preibus' Big Lie in this video, in which he claims that President Obama has instituted "European health care in this country." In reality, of course, "Obamacare" doubles down on the PRIVATE, FOR-PROFIT health insurance system. Perhaps because it's basically identical to the 1994 Republican alternative to "Hillarycare," as well as to "Romneycare?" Perhaps because it incorporates the conservative idea of an "individual mandate" in it, in order to compel people to purchase private, for-profit health insurance? This is about as far away from "European health care" (motto: "less expensive than America, but much better results!") as can be. But no matter, this is Big Liar in Chief Reince Preibus we're dealing with, so the truth is not even optional, it's an alien concept. And THIS is the clown they've brought in to attest how wonderful the corrupt, extremist Ken Kookinell is? What a farce.
A little more than 100 days ago Reince Priebus and Republicans rolled out their "GOP Autopsy" to explain how they were going to win back voters who were alienated by the Republican Party's policies and rhetoric. Today, NBC News noted that "Republicans have pretty much ignored that RNC "autopsy" report." To mark the failure of the GOP's report, today Priebus will campaign in Virginia for Ken Cuccinelli and E.W. Jackson, a Republican ticket that has alienated many Virginians, including the LGBT community, immigrants, and women with dangerous legislation and inflammatory rhetoric.
"Despite the RNC's much publicized Autopsy report and pledges to change their ways and be a more inclusive party, it's clear Republicans haven't learned their lesson and are refusing to change their ways," said DNC Press Secretary Michael Czin. "Reince Priebus claims he is reaching out to voters who soundly rejected the policies of Republicans last fall, but his actions speak louder than words. Today he is wholeheartedly embracing Ken Cuccinelli and E.W. Jackson and their extreme polices that have alienated women, the LGBT community, and Hispanic voters. Today's GOP is the same old party that voters rejected last year."
Ken Cuccinelli has claimed that allowing gay marriage is a slippery slope to polygamy, he proposed a bill to create "English-only" workplaces that would make it easier for bosses to fire non-English speakers, and he supports the controversial personhood amendment that would outlaw abortion and ban certain contraceptives. E.W. Jackson has said that homosexuality is a sin that "destroys" societies and he once claimed that Planned Parenthood was more lethal for African-Americans than the KKK. This is the face of Reince's rebranded GOP, but it's clear that it's the Same Old Part that voters rejected in 2012.
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Just as the invention of the telescope revolutionized astronomy, new technologies were pivotal to conceptual breakthroughs in developmental biology. New techniques for cloning and manipulating genes, together with new kinds of microscopes, enabled the body-building genes to be observed in action. Chemical changes in an embryo could be visualized long before the appearance of physical structures. Workers could thereby directly observe the earliest events in the formation of segments, limbs, or a brain.
I realize it may be hard to get excited about how a maggot develops. What can that teach us about the more majestic creatures people care about, such as mammals, the rest of the animal kingdom, our own species? Indeed, the common perception twenty years ago—reinforced by a wide cultural divide between biologists who worked with furry animals and those who worked with bugs or worms—was that the rules of development would differ enormously among such different forms.
The body parts of fruit flies, for instance, would not appear to have much in common with our own. We don't have antennae or wings. We walk around on two long, bony legs, not six little ones reinforced by an exoskeleton. We have a single pair of movable, camera-type eyes, not compound bug eyes staring out from a fixed position. Our blood is pumped by a four-chambered heart through a closed circulatory system with arteries and veins; it does not just slosh around in our body cavity. Given such great differences in structure and appearance, one might well conclude that there is nothing to learn from the study of a fly about how our own organs and body parts are formed. But that would be so wrong.
The first and perhaps most important lesson from evo-devo is that looks can be quite deceiving. Virtually no biologist expected to find what turned out to be the case: most of the genes first identified as body-building and organ-forming genes in the fruit fly have exact counterparts, performing similar jobs, in most mammals, including humans. The very first shots fired in the evo-devo revolution revealed that despite their great differences in appearance, almost all animals share a common "tool kit" of body-building genes. That discovery—actually a series of discoveries—vaporized many previous ideas about how animals differ from one another.
For example, the origin of eyes has received a lot of attention throughout the history of evolutionary biology. Darwin devoted considerable effort in Origin to explaining how such "organs of extreme perfection" could evolve by natural selection. What has puzzled and intrigued biologists ever since Darwin is the variety of eye types in the animal kingdom. We and other vertebrates have camera-type eyes with a single lens. Flies, crabs, and other arthropods have compound eyes in which many, sometimes hundreds, of individual ommatidia, or unit eyes, gather visual information. Even though they are not close relatives of ours, squids and octopuses also have camera-type eyes, whereas their own close relatives, the clams and the scallops, have three kinds of eyes—camera, compound, and a mirror-type.
The great diversity and crazy-quilt distribution of eyes throughout the animal kingdom was, for more than a century, thought to be the result of the independent invention of eyes in various animal groups. The late evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr and his colleague L. von Salvini-Plawen suggested, on the basis of cellular anatomy, that eyes had been invented independently between some forty and sixty-five times. Discoveries in evo-devo have forced a thorough reexamination of this accepted idea.
In 1994 Walter Gehring and his colleagues at the University of Basel, Switzerland, discovered that a gene required for eye formation in fruit flies is the exact counterpart of a gene required for eye formation in humans and mice. The gene, dubbed Pax-6, was subsequently found to play a role in eye formation in a host of other animals, including a species of squid. Those discoveries suggested that despite their vast differences in structure and optical properties, the evolution of different eyes has involved a common genetic ingredient.


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Гидрография Чишминского района определяется расположением района в пределах Прибельской увалисто-волнистой равнины.

Главный реки: Дёма, текущая по району 80 км посередине по диагонали в северо-восточном направлении, а также Кармасан, Чермасан и Уршак, который в пределы Чишминского района попадает ниже устья левого притока Карламан. Речная сеть района принадлежит бассейнам нижнего течения левобережных притоков реки Белой — рек Дема и Уршак, текущим параллельно друг другу с юго-запада на северо-восток. Они имеют широкие асимметричные долины: левые склоны более пологие, чем правые. Асимметрия наблюдается в притоках: левые более протяженные и многочисленные. На правобережье р. Уршак на участках развития воднорастворимых пород (гипсы, соли, ангидриты, известняки) наблюдаются карстовые формы рельефа (понижения, воронки и др.).

Озёр насчитывается около 250 с общей площадью 1000 га. Среди них — памятник природы озеро Шингаккуль. Дёма и Уршак сильно меандрируют в пределах пойменных, местами заболоченных террас, образуя протоки и многочисленные старичные озера (Балодаклы, Улу-Куль, Калмак-Сюд, Кара-Буляк, Янбахты, Янкаратал, Саз-Куль, Кайзейрат, Ипак, Узук-Куль, Таблу-Куль и др.).

Подземные воды Чишминского района находится в пределах восточной части Волго-Уральского сложного артезианского бассейна.

Зона пресных (до 1г/л) гидрокарбонатных вод приурочена к породам четвертичного, казанского и уфимского возраста и в гидрогеодинамическом отношении соответствует зоне интенсивной циркуляции. Мощность её колеблется от 10-20 м в долинах рек до 50-100 м на водоразделах.

Примечания

Ссылки
 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304233735/http://www.chishmyrb.ru/?part_id=177,269


Mary Langston and Robert Dryden were united in marriage at 5:00 pm on October 19, 2013 in the First United Methodist Church in Fort Worth. Rev. Ted Dotts officiated the ceremony. The bride is the daughter of David and Ronda Langston of Lubbock and Connie Langston of Ft. Worth. The groom is the son of Bob and Pat Dryden of Dallas. Alison Langston, sister-in-law of the bride, and Joy Nicewander, friend of the bride, served as her Matrons of Honor. Bob Dryden, the groom's father, and John Dryden, the groom's son, served as his Best Men. Mary graduated with a BA in Psychology from the University of Arkansas and with an MA in School Psychology from Trinity University. She is employed as a licensed psychological associate at Shelton Evaluation Center in Dallas. Robert graduated with a degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas at Dallas. He is employed as an engineer at Vinson Process Controls in Lewisville, Texas. After a wedding trip to the British Virgin Islands, the couple now resides in Dallas.


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![image](../images/gitvsgithub.png)

## So basically, trees.
![image](../images/tree.png)

## Branches
* Master - your default branch after clone
  * The Trunk of the tree
  * Origin/Master - the main branch (live code)
* Feature Branch - your work
  * A Branch of the tree

## Staging and Committing
* **Stage** - "Okay, I'm all done with this change, but I probably shouldn't record it to my branch yet; it still needs something else."
	* ```bash
	$ git add your_file_name.php
	```
* **Commit** - "THIS IS GREAT! All my changes are ready, let's record them!"
	* ```bash
	$ git commit
	```

## Commit Messages
* present tense imperative
	* Just think: "this commit intends to..."
* first line is a short subject (50 characters or less)
* next few lines are a longer description
* include JIRA ticket number in body (e.g. EE-100)

Looks something like..

## This
![image](../images/git-commit-example.png)

## Pushing Your Changes
```
$ git push origin your-branch-name
```

## Making a Pull Request (PR)
![image](../images/pull_request.png)

## Making a Pull Request (PR)
* Concise title
* Descriptive... description
* Instructions on how to test, when appropriate

## Code review
* Address feedback
* Add and commit revisions
* Make sure to let the reviewer know

## DON'T MERGE YOUR OWN CODE
Just don't do it.

## Useful Commands
* pull
* push
* fetch
* log
* commit
* add
* reset
* reflog
* rebase
* status

# Questions?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Administration of "Justice" in Jersey.
In Action to Destroy the Child Abuse Prosecutions.
By Jersey's Leading News Source!
I reproduce below a letter of today's date, written by Lenny Harper to Jersey's Attorney General, William Bailhache.
The letter is written in response to an absurd letter from Bill Bailhache – which reached Mr. Harper at 5.05pm today.
Lenny's letter is self-explanatory – and shows the truth behind the assorted omissions, half-truths, spin and lies peddled by the Jersey oligarchy.
I know sometimes people think I exaggerate about just how corrupt, stupid – and, frankly, deranged, the Jersey establishment is.
If only it were exaggeration.
From the letter below, you can read plainly just how the Jersey establishment are trying desperately to sabotage as many child abuse prosecutions as they can – and in so doing – stitch-up other people as scapegoats for the "failure" of prosecutions – people like Lenny.
But 90% of people, can see perfectly well that the Jersey establishment are making great efforts to manufacture entirely spurious, fake and ethically bankrupt means of attempting to blame Mr. Harper.
Don't ever think I'm too harsh and unkind – look, I'll give some sound advice to Jersey's Law Officer's Department – for free!
I strongly recommend that they all consult a competent lawyer.
They will then be advised that attempting to pervert the course of justice is a deeply serious criminal offence.
And that manufacturing faked, "reasons" for the abandonment of prosecutions – is – a perversion of the course of justice.
Consider Lenny's letter – and compare & contrast it with the garbage spouted by the Jersey oligarchy.
Who the hell needs The Rag?
I write in reply to your letter of 8th January 2009 which I received at 5.05pm today. I am somewhat disturbed at some of the things you say in this letter as you have obviously been misled by someone in the States of Jersey Police.
Officers of Strathclyde Police did indeed call at my address when I was out, and I did call them as I was on my way to Northern Ireland. Furthermore I spoke to the Crown Office in Edinburgh on Friday 9th January 2009 and for the first time was told that I was being requested to attend court to produce "day books", which I had already told David Warcup several times, do not exist. (Furthermore, as you will see below, he has other corroboration that they do not exist.) This was the first indication that I had of any evidence I was expected to give. As I told the PF, it is not good enough that someone should be treated in this fashion. I was never asked for a statement, never told I may be called to give evidence, and was clearly expected to interrupt any plans in Northern Ireland or elsewhere at short notice. As it happens, I have changed plans I made, but for family reasons.
Dealing with the points in your letter, Detective Inspector Fossey is obviously confused with the book I have already described to David Warcup. I kept a scribble book which contained nothing relevant, nor indeed, evidential to the Operation Rectangle. I have described what it did contain in my letter to Mr Warcup – a lot of medical detail in respect of my wife who was ill at the time, and many other matters relating to pre-retirement issues such as removals, pension, and other matters connected to day to issues of my life in Jersey. I would also remind you that for most of my time as SIO on this enquiry, DI Fossey was away from Jersey on a Command Course. Mr Warcup is also aware that we were being briefed on security matters by operational security officers at New Scotland Yard, and their advice, minuted and now in the possession of the States of Jersey Police, was that we should not use day books. I duly complied with this.
I am afraid I do not know who DC Kitchen is, nor indeed if he even signed my retirement card. I certainly do not remember any such comment as you describe on any of my cards, although it may be it did not register with me as anything other than a joke. In any event, I did not have a safe, as Mr Warcup will no doubt confirm. The only safe was Mr Powers. I certainly do not remember any such briefing as you suggest, and it would not have been necessary anyway, as I have been involved in so many murder enquiries, that I am very aware of the responsibilities of officers.
I have only ever received one letter from the good Mr Warcup and that was dated the 5th September. It seems strange that he e mailed me a copy of that one, but somehow did not e mail me a copy of the letter which he alleges he sent later and which I never received. Rather a co-incidence I think. It might prove useful for him to provide you with the computer record of the typing of that letter so that he can confirm it was indeed typed on the date you quote. Again, coincidentally, he has never challenged (nor indeed even replied to) my assertion to him that he never sent any such letter.
I am not surprised to see you state that there is a danger the prosecutions may be discharged if I do not produce these documents. Someone in all of this, and maybe even more than one person, is as aware as I am that these documents do not exist and will therefore be impossible to produce. It does not take a highly suspicious mind to conclude that it is all a ploy to get rid of the prosecutions and blame the "failure" to produce non- existent documents.
I am sure you are aware that I can only attend the court in Jersey voluntarily. The order is not enforceable in the United Kingdom. You are right in stating that I hold highly the interests of the victims. However, in these matters you quote, I have no evidence whatsoever to give. I have never been asked for a statement and have never been given an indication that I should be required to give evidence. Instead, I have been made aware by journalists and others of false briefings being given to the media by certain senior staff in the SOJP. They and others have leaked e mails which have appeared in the media in forms which bear little resemblance to their true content. Yet, when I have made Freedom of Information requests for these e mails in order that the truth should be revealed, those requests have been refused. Furthermore, they have spent many thousands of pounds trying to get Sussex Police to implicate me in Official Secrets Act and Data Protection offences on no evidence – indeed, evidence is in the public domain that the document concerned was served on the High Court in London before the media published it. Six journalists and two others have informed me that Sussex Police have approached them and tried to get them to implicate me. Yet, once again, when I provide evidence that certain police officers and politicians in Jersey have leaked e mails, the SOJ Police refuse to even investigate. Add this to the many people telling me that certain of them are falsely briefing the media against me, and it is not hard to see why I would need to be stupid to expose myself to these people. One only has to see how they have treated Graham Power and others who made the mistake of supporting the enquiry. However, I have already given an undertaking to the Crown Office in Edinburgh that I will attend any United Kingdom court and answer any questions there in respect of what I have said.
May I now deal with the Court Order? Steve Baker has obviously been given false information which he has inadvertently given to the court. I will deal with the matters as they appear in the Order.
As I have already stated, there are no day books in relation to Operation Rectangle. I did not know until today what Operation Cannon was and so it follows that I have none for that either.
I only ever had one note book whilst in the SOJP as I used it for evidence of arrests and searches and my involvement in those was minimal. I think the last entry in it referred to Norman Wood and there is no mention of the enquiry whatsoever in the book. I also believe that I left it with the SOJP. However, I am not 100% sure and will undertake to search my packing boxes to see if it is there and will send it if it is. In any event, the SOJP records will confirm the non issue of any further notebooks to me.
All policies and decisions were recorded, as recommended by NSY, in the policy books, e mails, and reports which are ALL in possession of the SOJP. I have no documents whatsoever which the SOJP do not have. This also applies to paras. C and d as outlined in the order.
There it stands. I have no unused material of any sort, whether day books or anything else. I have informed David Warcup of this several times. If I had any evidence to give which was of importance to the victims I would do so. This attempt to persuade people that I have unused material is simply a ploy to then say my refusal to co-operate must result in the cases being discharged. Then, conveniently, I will get the blame. I have no evidence of course, as to whom it is that is orchestrating this. However, it fits in with the desperate attempts to implicate myself in the leaking of documents whilst at the same time acquiescing by consent and indifference to rather stronger allegations against others of the same thing. As I have stated earlier I am happy to answer any questions in a United Kingdom court but I am sorry to say that the lies, false briefings, and vindictiveness shown by certain elements in Jersey make me unable to comply with your request to attend and tell the court in person that these documents do not exist.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on 12/01/2009 .


Three adventurers set out to kill a sea monster, but all is not as it seems. Out in the vast expanse of the Pacific they find not a beast but a submarine - the Nautilus, an advanced craft captained by the enigmatic Captain Nemo. Captured and hauled aboard, they accompany him through coral reefs, shipwrecks, and ancient ruins. There they hunt sharks, and battle giant squid, not realising that the greatest danger is Nemo himself, who will stop at nothing in his quest for vengeance.
Beautifully illustrated by the French painter Édouard Riou, who worked with Jules Verne on six of his novels, this Macmillan Collector's Library edition of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea also includes an afterword by author David Stuart Davies.


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Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2020
Lesley Manville Breaks New Ground In Director Thomas Bezucha's "Let Him Go"
Lesley Manville doesn't show up until about halfway through the slow-burn, '60s-set Western "Let Him Go," but the arrival of the platinum blonde Blanche Weboy is worth the wait.
The matriarch of a North Dakota gang saunters into the frame in a haze of cigarette smoke and overcooked pork...
Monday, Mar. 25, 2019
Review: Director John Lee Hancock's "The Highwaymen"
It's hard to begin watching the Netflix movie "The Highwaymen" and not think about the way it will inevitably end — in a famous ambush and a hail of bullets.
That's what happened to Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow on May 23, 1934, the day the law finally caught up to the couple who had...
Wednesday, Jun. 20, 2018
Paramount Network Series "Yellowstone" Features Costner, Strong Native American Co-Star & Storylines
"Yellowstone" has everything a worthwhile Western should, including breathtaking vistas, battles over land and Kevin Costner in the lead role.
There's also something rare in the contemporary Paramount Network series debuting Wednesday: prominent Native American story lines and parts,...
Monday, Sep. 8, 2014
Toronto Film Festival Watch: Kevin Costner Bankrolls "Black and White"
Most of Kevin Costner's most famous films wouldn't seem to be easy sells. How would it today sound to pitch a studio on a Civil War soldier befriending Sioux Indians on the South Dakota plains? Or on an Iowa farmer who hears voices?
But while Costner...
Alejandro G. Innaritu
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Maker Studios


Top Black/Multi Alfred 95% Polyester.. Machine Wash. Tumble Dry. 5% Spandex.Alfred Dunner Closet Case 3/4 Sleeve Knit Top Is A Casual Shirt.
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More from Top Black/Multi Alfred 95% Polyester.. Machine Wash. Tumble Dry. 5% Spandex.Alfred Dunner Closet Case 3/4 Sleeve Knit Top Is A Casual Shirt.


London Tube Map, Chorleywood Underground Station.
Chorleywood Tube Station. A London map of Chorleywood is shown below.
Chorleywood Tube is within Ticket Zone 7.
Map of London showing the London Underground Tube station at Chorleywood which is on the Metropolitan Line(s).
The map alongside shows the approximate location of Chorleywood Tube.
View the location of Tube Stations (including Chorleywood) from the air, street level or select from a collection of useful local maps including 3D views and Google maps and Streetviews.
Let Mozart the Mole be your guide to the London Map and Tube Station at Chorleywood!


This reminded me of walking into my local Dan Murphy's. A huge section of the store – maybe 40 per cent, maybe not as much – is taken up with wines that are economically priced. There is a lot of talk about trading up, single sites, premium and icon wines, but at the end of the day there is more than enough fine wine for the 1 per cent, and more than enough cheap wine for the 40 per cent, providing they have enough spare cash to buy it.
A report on Radio National's breakfast show by Cathy Van Extel on August 9 was titled,"Australian wine industry questions integrity of wine ratings".


We want prospects to judge in our favor. Is our first sentence good enough?
Our first sentence choices will interest and engage our prospects ... or turn off their confidence in us. Do our new distributors have proven first sentences that work? Do we? Are we creating new first sentences with trained formulas?
What happens when our distributors don't have effective an first sentence? They stop talking to prospects. Game over.
Our prospects guard their time. They give us a chance for about ... a sentence. Then, they decide to proceed with our conversation or not. Let's wow our prospects in our first few seconds.
Discover many types of successful, fun first sentences in this book that get positive reactions from our prospects.
We can't start with a second sentence, so our first sentence better be good.