text:
\section{Introduction}

When a stable phase contacts a metastable phase, the stable phase grows and  the metastable phase eventually vanishes. This phenomenon is ubiquitously observed in nature \cite{Callen}. The basic understanding of phase growth is that the propagation velocity of the interface between the two phases is proportional to the difference in free energy densities, where the proportional constant is the mobility \cite{Pomeau}. This mechanism is applied to isothermal systems where the energy locally dissipates in a heat bath.
However, qualitatively different behavior is observed in systems where the energy is locally conserved. In such a system,
latent heat generated at the interface in a growth process induces a change in local temperature of the interface, and the energy transfers
  into the bulk region through heat diffusion. This effect
modifies the law of interface propagation.

There are several types of deterministic models for interface motion with heat diffusion. The most
classical is the heat diffusion model with moving boundary condition
at the interface, which was formulated by Stefan \cite{Stefan1,Stefan2}.
In this description, called the sharp-interface model, the
interface is regarded as a singular region of the continuous temperature
field. Although this is mathematically defined, it is not easy to calculate
the interface motion numerically. A computationally efficient model
that takes heat diffusion into account is the phase-field model \cite{fix,Cagphase,Langphase,CL,penrose,kobayashi}.
This model is given as a set of coupled partial differential equations of the order parameter field and the temperature field.
Both models show that
the displacement of the planar interface is proportional to the square root of the time interval
 when the extent of the metastability $\Delta$ is less than unity \cite{Zener,Dewynne,Lowen,HS}. Here, $\Delta$ is defined as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta \equiv \frac{c_p}{T_c (\delta s)}|T_c-T_{\rm ms}|,
\label{Def_Delta}
\end{eqnarray}
where $T_c$ is the equilibrium transition temperature, $T_{\rm ms}$ is the temperature of the heat bath in contact with the metastable phase, $\delta s$ is the entropy jump per unit volume, and $c_p$ is the specific heat capacity per unit volume under constant pressure.

Now, the question we address in this paper is whether  thermal fluctuations influence the phase growth with heat diffusion.
According to non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, the starting point
of a mesoscopic description such as the phase-field model is the entropy
functional consisting of the spatial integration of the local entropy density
and the gradient term \cite{penrose,HHM,AMW}. The entropy density is a function of the internal energy density and the number density. Then, following the Onsager principle, one can determine the evolution equation of these densities so that the irreversible currents are given as linear combinations of thermodynamic forces. The obtained equation is equivalent to the phase-field model \cite{penrose}.
 This form of the phase-field model was
also introduced in the context of dynamical behavior near the critical
point \cite{HHM,HH}.
Because such models derived from the Onsager principle are defined in a mesoscopic regime, thermal noises are inevitable in this description, where the noise intensity is determined by the
fluctuation-dissipation relation of the second kind.
Even worse, the interface may be out of the
mesoscopic description, precisely speaking,  because the interface width is on the order of $10^{-7}$
cm \cite{TR}. We thus need to consider a more microscopic
model to study fluctuation effects. Although many statistical
mechanics models have been studied in the context of phase growth
\cite{BCF,GB,Muller,WGA,SaitoM,Gilmer,DLA,MH,NRKTR}, heat diffusion
has not been taken into account. For this reason, we propose a statistical
mechanics model describing the phase growth with heat diffusion.

The model we propose is the $q$-state Potts model \cite{Wu} with an additional variable representing the kinetic energy at each site, whose stochastic time evolution satisfies the detailed balance condition at equilibrium \cite{KS,Creutz,Casartelli}. A similar model without the kinetic energy term was
investigated to study ordering processes after quenching \cite{Sahni,KNG,SM}. In equilibrium statistical mechanics, we can determine the phase diagram at equilibrium. The model exhibits the order-disorder transition as the temperature is changed.  Including kinetic energy enables the model to describe the conversion from potential energy to kinetic energy, which corresponds
to the generation of latent heat. By introducing a transition rule with energy conservation, heat diffusion is described by kinetic energy exchanging processes. We note that the conventional Potts model without the kinetic term corresponds to the system where the generated latent heat is immediately dissipated into the heat bath.
We study the model defined on a two-dimensional lattice, where each site is sparse-randomly connected in one direction and local in the other direction. From this setting, we can precisely identify the metastable phase in addition to the equilibrium properties.

We numerically simulate the model to measure the displacement of the interface $R(t)$. Let $T_{s}$ be the temperature of the heat bath in contact with the stable phase. We find the scaling relation $R(t)=L_x \bar{\mathcal{R}} (Dt/L_x^2)$, where $D$ is the thermal diffusion constant and  $L_x$ is the system size between the two heat baths. The scaling function $\bar{\mathcal{R}}(z)$ shows $\bar{\mathcal{R}}(z) \simeq z^{0.5}$ for $z \ll z_c$ and $\bar{\mathcal{R}}(z) \simeq z^{\alpha}$ for $z \gg z_c$, where the cross-over value $z_c$ and the exponent $\alpha$ depend on $T_s$, and $0.5\le\alpha\le 1$. Because the scaling relation in the late stage has not been reported in the phase-field model, the result could imply
that the stochastic phase growth involves a different universality class
from that described by the phase-field model. However, we have found that such a finite-size and long-time behavior is also observed in the phase-field model even without noise. This indicates that the phase-field model is more universal than that already known. Furthermore, systematic numerical simulations
of the phase-field model reveal the new feature that
the cross-over value $\bar{\mathcal{R}}(z_c)$ approaches zero
when the stable phase becomes neutral.

This paper is organized as follows. In Sec.~\ref{Model}, we introduce the model. In Sec.~\ref{SM}, we analyze the model via equilibrium statistical mechanics. We identify the metastable phase in addition to equilibrium properties. In Sec.~\ref{numerics}, we report the results of numerical simulations and compare them with the numerical results of the phase-field model.
We make some concluding remarks in Sec.~\ref{remark}. The technical details of the theoretical calculation are summarized in Appendix~\ref{app-sec:SM}. The values of $\Delta$ and $D$ are estimated in Appendix  \ref{app-sec:latent heat} and  Appendix \ref{app-sec:Diff}, respectively. Throughout the paper, the Boltzmann constant is set to unity, and $\beta$ is always connected to the temperature $T$ via $\beta=1/T$.

\section{Model}\label{Model}

\subsection{Hamiltonian}

Let $\Lambda =\{ i=(i_x,i_y) | 1\le i_x \le L_x,
\quad 1\le i_y \le L_y,   i_x, i_y \in \mathbb{Z} \}$
be a two-dimensional lattice. For any site $i \in \Lambda$,
a collection of sites connected to site $i$ is denoted as
$B_i$. We assume that set $B_i$ is decomposed as
\begin{equation}
B_i=B_i^{-}\cup B_i^0 \cup B_i^+,
\end{equation}
where $j_x=i_x-1$ for $j \in B_i^{-}$, $j_x=i_x+1$ for $j \in B_i^{+}$,
and $j_x=i_x$ for $j \in B_i^{0}$. Note that $B_1^{-}=\emptyset$ and $B_{L_x}^+=\emptyset$. For example,
$B_i^-=\{ (i_x-1,i_y) \}$, $B_i^+=\{ (i_x+1,i_y) \}$,
and $B_i^0=\{ (i_x,i_y\pm 1) \}$ for the square lattice in Fig.~\ref{schematic_1}. In this paper, we use a sparse-randomly connected lattice
defined by  $B_i^-=\{ (i_x-1,i_y), (i_x-1,b^-(i_x-1,i_y) \}$,
$B_i^+=\{ (i_x+1,i_y),(i_x+1,b^+(i_x,i_y)) \}$,
and $B_i^0=\emptyset $, where $b^+(i_x,\ )$ is a one-to-one
random map from $\{1,\cdots,L_y \}$ to $\{1,\cdots,L_y \}$ that
satisfies $b^+(i_x,i_y)\not = i_y$, and $b^-(i_x,\ )$ is
defined by the inverse of the map. This is a special case of the random graphs introduced in \cite{ORT}. See Fig.~\ref{schematic_2} for the illustration.

On each site $i \in \Lambda$, the $q$-state variable
$\sigma_i\in \{1, 2,\cdots,q\}$ and the positive valued
kinetic energy $p_i \in \mathbb{R}^{+}$ are defined. The collections
of variables, $[\sigma_i]_{i \in \Lambda}$ and $[p_i]_{i \in \Lambda}$, are
simply denoted by $\sigma$ and $p$. The Hamiltonian we study is
\begin{equation}
H(\sigma,p)=-\sum_{i\in\Lambda}\frac{ 2 }{|B_i|} \sum_{j \in B_i}\delta(\sigma_i,\sigma_j)+\sum_{i\in\Lambda} p_i,
\end{equation}
where $\delta( \cdot ,\cdot )$ represents  the Kronecker delta.

\begin{figure}
\centering
    \subfigure[Square lattice.]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.4\columnwidth]{2d_gaikei.pdf}
        \label{schematic_1}
         }%
    \subfigure[Sparse-randomly connected lattice.]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.4\columnwidth]{rand_gaikei.pdf}
      \label{schematic_2}
        }%
    \caption{Schematics of lattices.}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Model with energy conservation}
\label{rule_bulk}

Before presenting our model, we first describe a model for a thermally
isolated system. We describe the stochastic
time evolution in which the stationary distribution is given by
the microcanonical ensemble associated with the Hamiltonian
$H(\sigma,p)$. The stochastic process satisfies the detailed balance
condition with respect to the uniform distribution on the energy surface
$H(\sigma,p)=E$,  where $E$ is the total energy, which is invariant
under time evolution.

We perform the following five procedures at one step:
\begin{enumerate}
\item  A site $i \in \Lambda$ is chosen randomly with equal probability.

\item  The potential energy difference $dE$ is calculated for a transition
$\sigma_i \to \sigma_i'$ chosen randomly with equal probability.

\item The transition $\sigma_i \to \sigma_i'$ is accepted if $p_i -dE \ge 0$,
and then the kinetic energy is changed to $ p_i'= p_i -dE$.

\item A site $k$ and another site $j \in B_k$ are chosen randomly.

\item The transition $(p_{k},p_j) \to (p_{k}-dp, p_j+dp)$
 is accepted if $p_{k}-dp \ge  0$, where $dp$ is a numerical parameter.

\end{enumerate}
Let $(p_i^0)_{i \in \Lambda}$ be a collection of the initial value of
kinetic energy for each site. From the evolution rule,
$p_i$ is written as $p_i= p_i^{0}+n_i +m_i dp$,
where $n_i, m_i \in \mathbb{Z}$. The set
of all possible values of $p_i$ is denoted by $\mathbb{P}_i$.
The phase space of the model $\Sigma$ as a function of $E$
is then expressed by the discrete set
\begin{eqnarray}
\Sigma(E)=\{(\sigma,p)|H(\sigma,p)=E,
\ \sigma_i\in \{1,\cdots,q\},\ p_i \in \mathbb{P}_i,  \ i \in \Lambda\}.
\end{eqnarray}

The transition probability determined by the procedures is
expressed as $W(\sigma',p'|\sigma,p)$.
Let $t\in\mathbb{Z}$ be the discrete time and $P_t(\sigma,p)$ be the probability
of taking the state $(\sigma,p)$ at $t$-step. Then, we have
\begin{equation}
P_{t+1}(\sigma,p)=\sum_{\sigma',p'}W(\sigma,p|\sigma',p')P_t(\sigma',p').
\end{equation}
Because $W(\sigma',p'|\sigma,p)=W(\sigma,p|\sigma',p')$ holds,
the stationary distribution is given by the microcanonical
form
\begin{equation}
P_{\rm mc}(\sigma,p)= \frac{1}{|\Sigma(E)|}\delta(H(\sigma,p),E),
\label{ss-dis}
\end{equation}
where $|\Sigma(E)|$ denotes the number of elements of set $\Sigma(E)$.

\subsection{Model with two heat baths}
\label{rule_bc}

In the model, we attach two heat baths, one on the left side
$i_x=1$ and one on the right side $i_x=L_x$ of the system introduced in
the previous subsection. The temperatures of the left
and right heat baths are denoted by $T_L$ and $T_R$,
respectively. The stochastic time evolution of the model is
given by imposing an additional rule at the boundaries.
We perform  the following procedures
when a site $i$ with $i_x=1$ or $i_x=L_x$ is chosen in procedure 1 of the time evolution described in the previous subsection:
\begin{enumerate}
\item  The potential energy difference $d E$ is calculated for a transition
$\sigma_i \to \sigma_i'$ chosen randomly.

\item The transition $\sigma_i \to \sigma_i'$ is accepted with the
probability $w(\sigma_i \to \sigma_i')$, where
\begin{align}
w(\sigma_i\to \sigma_i^\prime)=\frac{1}{2}
\left(1-\tanh\left(\frac{dE}{2T}\right)\right)
\label{w-def}
\end{align}
with $T=T_L$ for $i_x=1$ and $T=T_R$ for $i_x=L_x$.

\item The value of $p_i$ is replaced with a new one sampled
from the distribution
\begin{align}
P(p_i)= \frac{1}{T}e^{-\frac{p_i}{T}}
\end{align}
with $T=T_L$ for $i_x=1$ and $T=T_R$ for $i_x=L_x$. We here note that $p_{i}$ takes positive value.
\end{enumerate}
Note that (\ref{w-def}) satisfies the detailed balance
condition
\begin{align}
\frac{w(\sigma\to \sigma^\prime)}{w(\sigma^\prime\to \sigma)}=e^{-\frac{dE}{T}}.
\end{align}
The stochastic rule
in the previous subsection is used except at the boundaries $i_x=1$ and $i_x=L_x$. The transition probability determined by the procedures is
expressed as $\tilde W(\sigma',p'|\sigma,p)$.
Let $t\in\mathbb{Z}$ be the discrete time and
$\tilde P_t(\sigma,p)$ be the probability
of taking state $(\sigma,p)$ at each $t$-step. Then, we have
\begin{equation}
\tilde P_{t+1}(\sigma',p')=\sum_{\sigma,p}\tilde W(\sigma',p'|\sigma,p)
\tilde P_t(\sigma,p).
\end{equation}
When $T_L=T_R=T$, the detailed balance condition
\begin{align}
\frac{\tilde W(\sigma',p'|\sigma,p)}
{\tilde W(\sigma,p|\sigma',p')}=e^{-\frac{dE}{T}}
\end{align}
holds. Thus, the stationary distribution is given by the canonical form
\begin{equation}
P_{\rm can}(\sigma,p)= \frac{1}{Z_{\rm tot}(\beta)}
e^{-  \beta H(\sigma,p) },
\label{ss-dis}
\end{equation}
where $Z_{\rm tot}(\beta)=\sum_{\sigma,p} e^{- \beta H(\sigma,p) }$.

\section{Equilibrium statistical mechanics} \label{SM}

In this section, for reference in studying dynamical
processes, we confirm some results of equilibrium
statistical mechanics using the canonical ensemble
\begin{equation}
P_{\rm can}(\sigma)= \frac{1}{Z(\beta)}
e^{- \frac{\beta}{2}\sum_{i\in\Lambda}\sum_{j \in B_i}\delta(\sigma_i,\sigma_j)}
\end{equation}
for the configuration space of $\sigma$, where $P_{\rm can}(\sigma)=\sum_p P_{\rm can}(\sigma,p)$.
We study
\begin{equation}
m= \lim_{|\Lambda| \to \infty}\sum_{\sigma} P_{\rm can}(\sigma)\frac{\sum_i  \delta(\sigma_i, 1) }{|\Lambda|}
\end{equation}
with an infinitely small external potential  $-\sum_i h_{\rm ex}\delta(\sigma_i,1)$ in the Hamiltonian,
and the free energy density defined as
\begin{equation}
f= -\lim_{|\Lambda| \to \infty}\frac{T}{|\Lambda|} \log Z.
\end{equation}
It should be noted that the free energy density $f$ and the partition function
$Z$ are defined in the configuration space of $\sigma$.

In the calculation of $m$ and $f$, we conjecture that the
contribution from loops in the lattice can be ignored in
the large-size limit \cite{ORT,Mezard,Dembo}.
On the basis of this conjecture, the thermodynamic phase can be determined
using the model on a Cayley tree with three branches corresponding to coordination number 4.
Concretely, it has been known that $m$ and $f$ are calculated
from the probability of the state $\sigma \in \{1,\cdots, q\}$
at a site connected with a cavity site, which is denoted as
$u(\sigma)$.
As shown in Appendix \ref{app-sec:SM}, we first have the self-consistent
equation for $u(\sigma)$,
\begin{align}
u(\sigma)=\frac{\left[\gamma u(\sigma)+1\right]^3}{\sum_\sigma
\left[\gamma u(\sigma)+1\right]^3 },
\label{q-sc}
\end{align}
with $\gamma=e^\beta-1$. Using the solutions of (\ref{q-sc}),
we express the order parameter $m(\beta)$ and the free energy density
$f(\beta)$ as
\begin{align}
m(\beta)&=\frac{[\gamma u(1)+1]^4}{\sum_\sigma [\gamma u(\sigma)+1]^4},
\label{m-rg} \\
f(\beta)&=-\beta^{-1} \log \frac{\sum_\sigma[\gamma u(\sigma)+1]^4}
{\left[\gamma \sum_\sigma u^2(\sigma)+1 \right]^2}.
\label{f-rg}
\end{align}

Here we notice that (\ref{q-sc}) has the trivial solution
$u_0(\sigma)\equiv 1/q$ for any $\beta$. There exists
a temperature $\beta_{\rm sp}$ beyond which (\ref{q-sc})
has another solution denoted as $u_*(\sigma)$, where
\begin{align}
u_*(\sigma)=
\begin{cases}
c_*(\beta) & (\sigma=1)  \\
\frac{1-c_*(\beta)}{q-1} & (2\leq \sigma \leq q)
\end{cases}
\end{align}
with $c_* \not = 1/q$. The temperature $\beta_{\rm sp}$ is called
the spinodal point. Using these two solutions $u_0$ and $u_*$,
we have $(m_0(\beta),m_*(\beta))$ and $(f_0(\beta),f_*(\beta))$.
We display  $(m_0(\beta),m_*(\beta))$ in  Fig.~\ref{mx_rand}, and
$(f_0(\beta),f_*(\beta))$ in Fig.~\ref{freeenergy_rand} for the case $q=10$.
The equilibrium transition
temperature $\beta_c$ is identified as $f_0(\beta_c)=f_*(\beta_c)$.

\begin{figure}[H]
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.45\columnwidth]{rand_mx.pdf}
        \label{mx_rand}
         }%
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.5\columnwidth]{rand_freeene.pdf}
      \label{freeenergy_rand}
        }%
    \caption{(a) $m$ as a function of $\beta$ for the case $q=10$. The solid (purple) and dashed (green) line represent $m_*(\beta)$ and $m_0(\beta)$, respectively. The vertical line indicates $\beta=\beta_{\rm sp}$. (b) $f$ as a function of $\beta$ for the case $q=10$. The solid (purple) and dashed (green) line represent $f_*(\beta)$ and $f_0(\beta)$, respectively. }
\end{figure}

To study the free energy landscape, we define
\begin{equation}
\tilde f(\beta,c)=
-\beta^{-1} \log
\frac{\sum_\sigma[\gamma \tilde u(\sigma)+1]^4}
{\left[\gamma \sum_\sigma \tilde u^2(\sigma)+1 \right]^2}, \label{tildef-def}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\tilde u(\sigma)=
\begin{cases}
c & (\sigma =1) \\
\frac{1-c}{q-1} & (2\leq \sigma \leq q).
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
Setting $c_0=1/q$, we have $f_0(\beta)= \tilde f(\beta,c_0)$
and $f_*(\beta)= \tilde f(\beta,c_*)$. Furthermore, by
straightforward calculation, we confirm
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial}{\partial c}\left(e^{-\beta \tilde f(\beta,c)} \right) =0  \label{dp_dc_0}
\end{equation}
at $c=c_0$ and $c=c_*$.
See Appendix~\ref{app-sec:der-dp_dc_0} for the derivation.
Therefore, displaying $\tilde f(\beta,c)$ in Fig.~\ref{lands_rand},
we see that the solution $u_*$ appears at the spinodal point
$\beta=\beta_{\rm sp}$, and the equilibrium transition  occurs
at $\beta=\beta_c$. We also find that
$\partial^2 \tilde f/\partial c^2=0$ at $c=c_0$  and
$\beta=\beta_{\rm un}$, which means that the trivial solution
$u_0$ loses stability. Letting $F(u)$ be the right-hand side
of (\ref{q-sc}), the solutions of the self-consistent equation
are given by the fixed points $u_{n+1}=F(u_n)$. The temperature
$\beta_{\rm un}$ is also characterized by the onset of the
instability of the trivial solution for this iteration
equation. For the case $q = 10$,
we find that $\beta_{\rm sp} \simeq 1.34$, $\beta_{c}\simeq 1.39$, and $\beta_{\rm un}\simeq 1.78$.

\begin{figure}[H]
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.5\columnwidth]{rand_lands_1.pdf}
         }%
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.5\columnwidth]{rand_lands_2.pdf}
        }%
   \caption{Free energy landscapes for (a) $\beta<\beta_{\rm sp}, \  \beta=\beta_{\rm sp}, \  \beta=\beta_{c}, \  $and $\beta_c<\beta<\beta_{\rm un}$ from below, and
 (b) $\beta_c<\beta<\beta_{\rm un},  \  \beta=\beta_{\rm un},$ and $\    \beta>\beta_{\rm un}$ from below.}
 \label{lands_rand}
 \end{figure}

\section{Numerical simulation}\label{numerics}

Throughout this section, we simulate the model with $q=10$
and choose the numerical parameter $dp=0.01T_c$.
Before presenting our results,
in Fig.~\ref{rand_quench}, we show the statistical average
of $\sum_i \delta(\sigma_i,1)/|\Lambda|$ for the model given
in Sec.~\ref{Model}, where $T_L=T_R=\beta^{-1}$ and $L_x=L_y=100$.
The numerical result agrees  with the theoretical calculation in
Sec.~\ref{SM}.
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\columnwidth]{rand_quench.pdf}
\caption{Circle (green) symbols represent the simulation result
for the model given in Sec.~\ref{Model}, with $T_L=T_R=\beta^{-1}$.
The solid (purple) curve is the theoretical result obtained in Sec.~\ref{SM}.}
\label{rand_quench}
\end{figure}

Then, we prepare a metastable ordered phase of the
temperature $T_L$ in $1\leq i_x \le L_x/2$ and a stable disordered
phase of the temperature $T_R$ in $L_x/2+1 \leq i_x \leq L_x$.
Here, we fix $T_L=1.01T_c$ so that the ordered phase is metastable, and
$T_R $ is assumed to be greater than $T_c$ so that the disordered phase
is stable. We prepare configurations at  $t=0$ via the following steps.
First, we remove the coupling between $ i_x=L_x/2$ and $i_x=L_x/2+1$
by setting $B_i^+ =\emptyset$ for $i_x=L_x/2$.
Second, we prepare a configuration where  $\sigma_i=1$ and $p_i=T_L $
for  any $i$ satisfying $i_x \le L_x/2$, while   each  $\sigma_i$  is randomly
chosen with  equal probability and $p_i=T_R$ for any $i$ satisfying
$i_x>L_x/2+1$.
Third, we make the system evolve up to 50 MCS.
The reached configuration is set to be an initial state at $t=0$
in the following analysis.
Note that $s$ MCS corresponds to the $t=sL_xL_y$ step in the procedure
described in Sec.~\ref{Model}.

The stable disordered phase grows from the initial configuration.
To describe the phase growth, we observe
an order parameter profile defined as
\begin{align}
\phi(x,t)\equiv \frac{q{m(x,t)-1}}{q-1}\label{phi}
\end{align}
with
\begin{align}
m(x,t) \equiv \frac{1}{L_y}\sum_{y=1}^{L_y} \delta(\sigma_{x,y},1)
\end{align}
for $1 \le x \le L_x$. We define the value $\phi(x,t)$ for any real $x$
via linear interpolation.
Similarly, we define the temperature field as
\begin{align}
T(x,t)\equiv \frac{1}{L_y}\sum_{y=1}^{L_y}  p_{x,y} \label{T}.
\end{align}
Examples of $\phi(x,t)$ and $T(x,t)$ are displayed in Fig.~\ref{phi_snapshot} and ~\ref{tmp_snapshot}.

\begin{figure}[H]
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.5\columnwidth]{phi_snapshot.pdf}
        \label{phi_snapshot}
                 }%
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.5\columnwidth]{tmp_snapshot.pdf}
      \label{tmp_snapshot}
        }%
  \caption{(a) $\phi(x,t)$ as a function of $x$ at $t=5\times 10^6$ MCS for the system with $L_x=200, L_y=100,T_{R}=1.2T_c$, and $T_{L}=1.01T_c$. The purple  and green graphs represent one snap shot and the average over 100 samples, respectively. (b) $T(x,t)/T_c$ as a function of $x$ for the same condition as (a). The colors of lines correspond to the graphs in (a).}
   \end{figure}

 We identify the interface
position $X(t)$ from $\phi(x,t)$ such that $\phi(X(t),t)=0.5$.
$X(t)$ is uniquely determined because $\phi$ crosses 0.5 only
once as far as we observe. $R(t)$ denotes the displacement of the interface $|X(t)-X(0)|$.
In Fig.~\ref{gaikei}, we show an example of configuration $\sigma$ with the interface position.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\columnwidth]{field_snapshot.pdf}
\caption{ Configuration of $\sigma$ at $t=5\times10^6$ MSC for the system with $L_x=200, L_y=100$. The dots represent sites where $\sigma_i=1$.
The solid line represents the interface position.}
\label{gaikei}
 \end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{rand_result_Tr30}, we show the
statistical average of $R(t)$ for the case $T_R=3T_c>T_{\rm sp}$.
The five graphs correspond to results for different systems
sizes $(L_x,L_y)=(100,100)$, $(200,100)$, $(300,100)$, $(100,200)$,
and $(200,200)$.  Because the interface eventually reaches the left
boundary and does not move anymore, all the curves
become flat in the long-time limit. The guideline represents
$R(t) = At^{0.5}$ with $A = 0.18$. We also confirmed that
the $L_y$ dependence is hardly visible for this system size.
From these results, we reasonably
conjecture that the behavior in the large-$L_x$ limit is described
by the phase-field model because the extent of the metastability $\Delta$
is evaluated as $0.05$, as shown in Appendix~\ref{app-sec:latent heat}.
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.53\textwidth]{rand_result_Tr3.pdf}
\caption{$R(t)$ versus $t$ for $T_R=3T_c$.  The average of 100 samples was taken for the system with different system sizes.
The solid line  represents $R(t) = At^{0.5}$ with $A = 0.18$.}
\label{rand_result_Tr30}
\end{figure}

An unexpected behavior of $R(t)$ is observed for the case $T_R=1.2T_c>T_{\rm sp}$.
As shown in Fig.~\ref{rand_result}, four graphs for different system sizes,
$(L_x,L_y)=(100, 100), (200,100), (300,100)$, and $(400,100)$ do not overlap,
while the $L_y$ dependence is hardly visible. We then consider a finite size
scaling to plot $R/L_x$ as a function of $Dt/L_x^2$, where the
thermal diffusion constant $D$ is estimated as $1.9\times 10^{-2}$ from the measurement
of the relaxation time of the temperature field, as shown in
Appendix~\ref{app-sec:Diff}.
The result is displayed in Fig.~\ref{rand_result_scaling}. We find the scaling relation
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{R(t)}{L_x}=\bar{\mathcal{R}}\left(\frac{Dt}{L^2_x}\right)
\label{scaling}
\end{eqnarray}
works well, where $\bar{\mathcal{R}}$ is a scaling function. The
scaling function indicates the cross-over from $\bar{\mathcal{R}}(z)\simeq z^{0.5}$
to $\bar{\mathcal{R}}(z)\simeq z^{\alpha}$  with $0.5 \le \alpha \le 1$. It should be noted that the scaling relation in the late stage is not observed in the
phase-field model.

\begin{figure}[H]
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.5\columnwidth]{rand_result_Tr12.pdf}
        \label{rand_result}
                 }%
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.5\columnwidth]{rand_result_Tr12_scaling.pdf}
      \label{rand_result_scaling}
        }%
\caption{ (a). $R(t)$ versus $t$ for $T_R=1.2T_c$. The average of 100 samples was taken for the system with different system sizes.  (b) $R(t)/L_x$ as a function of $z=Dt/L_x^2$. The two guidelines are $Az^{0.5}$ and $A'z^{0.75}$, where $A = 0.32$ and $A' = 0.60$,
respectively.}
 \end{figure}

The exponent $\alpha$ depends on the value of $T_R$.
Decreasing $T_R$ further, we find that the late stage becomes dominant
and $\alpha$ increases. For the case $T_R=T_L=1.01T_c<T_{\rm sp}$, $\alpha$ turns
out to be close to unity, as shown in Fig.~\ref{rand_result_Tr101_scaling}.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.53\textwidth]{rand_result_Tr101_scaling.pdf}
\caption{$R /L_x$ as a function of $Dt/L_x^2$ for  the case $T_R=1.01T_c$.
The guideline represents $Az^{0.95}$ with $A = 3.6\times10^{-2}$.}
\label{rand_result_Tr101_scaling}
\end{figure}

To our best knowledge, the cross-over behavior has
never been reported in previous studies. This observation raises a question about if this behavior is a unique feature of the stochastic model. In order to answer this question,
we carefully study finite-size effects for the deterministic
phase-field model. Specifically, we perform numerical simulations of
the model used in \cite{Karma-noise}.
 Concretely, we study the following equations of the order parameter field $\phi(x,t)$ and the dimensionless temperature field $\theta(x,t)$:
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t}&=\partial_x^2 \phi +\phi-\phi^3 -\theta(1-\phi^2)^2,\\
\frac{\partial \theta}{\partial t}&= D\partial_x^2 \theta +\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial p(\phi)}{\partial t},
\end{align}
where $\theta(x,t)$ is related to $T(x,t)$ as
\begin{align}
\theta(x,t)= \frac{c_p}{T_c(\delta s)}{\left(T(x,t)-T_c\right)}.
\end{align}
The functional form of $p(\phi)$ is given by
\begin{align}
p(\phi)=\frac{15}{8}\left(\phi-\frac{2\phi^3}{3}+\frac{\phi^5}{5} \right).
\end{align}
We fix $T_L=1.01T_c$ and $D=1$.
The results are shown in Figs.~\ref{R_3}, \ref{R_005} and \ref{R_001}.
We observe the same behavior as that observed
in the statistical mechanics model. We thus conclude that
the cross-over behavior is not specific to stochastic systems.

\begin{figure}[H]
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.33\columnwidth]{Rt_3.pdf}
        \label{R_3}
                 }%
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.33\columnwidth]{Rt_005.pdf}
      \label{R_005}
        }%
        \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.33\columnwidth]{Rt_001.pdf}
      \label{R_001}
        }%
        \caption{Interface displacement for the phase-field model. (a) $R(t)$ as a function of $t$ for $T_R=4.0T_c$. The guideline represents $At^{0.5}$ with $A = 1.53$.
(b) $R/L_x$ as a function of $Dt/L_x^2$ for $T_R=1.05T_c$.
The guidelines represent $Az^{0.5}$ and $A^\prime z^{0.9}$ with $A = 7.6\times 10^{-2}$ and $A^\prime =0.16$.
 (c) $R/L_x$ as a function of $Dt/L_x^2$ for $T_R=1.01T_c$.
 The guidelines represent $Az^{0.5}$ and $A^\prime z $ with $A = 2.6\times 10^{-2}$ and $A^\prime =  5.6\times 10^{-2}$.
 }
 \end{figure}

Furthermore, for the phase-field model, we study $T_R$-dependence
more systematically. Let $t_c$ be the cross-over time.
In Fig.~\ref{detail_analysis}, we plot $R(t_c)/L_x$  as a function of
$(T_R-T_c)/T_c$.  $R(t)$ is defined in the same way as done for the stochastic model. We then observe
\begin{equation}
\frac{R(t_c)}{L_x}\simeq A \left(\frac{T_R-T_c}{T_c}\right)^{0.75}
\label{new-form}
\end{equation}
with $A=0.30$. Since the interface position moves up to $L_x/2$,
the interface reaches the boundary before the cross-over occurs
for temperatures $ T_R $ satisfying  ${R (t_c)} \geq L_x/{2}$.
In this case, only $R(t)\sim t^{0.5}$ is observed.
On the other hand, as the temperature $T_R$ is close to $T_c$ with
large $L_x$ fixed, $R(t_c)/L_x$ tends to zero. This means
that only $R(t) \sim t^\alpha$ with $\alpha \simeq 1$ is observed.
Note that if we take the limit
$L_x \to \infty$ first, $R(t)\sim t^{0.5}$ is observed. However, when we observe the interface
motion in finite-size systems, the behavior depends on the order of
the three limits $L_x \to \infty$, $t \to \infty$, and $T_R \to T_c$.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.53\textwidth]{result_matome.pdf}
\caption{$T_R$-dependence of $R(t_c)/L_x$.
The guideline is given by (\ref{new-form}).}
\label{detail_analysis}
\end{figure}

\section{Concluding remarks}\label{remark}
We have proposed a $q$-state Potts model with an additional variable representing the kinetic energy at each site.
By designing a two-dimensional lattice, where each site is sparse-randomly
  connected in one direction and local in the other direction,
we have explicitly calculated the thermodynamic properties via equilibrium statistical mechanics. Simulating this model, we have numerically observed that the interface between the stable and metastable phases moves following the scaling relation (\ref{scaling}) with the scaling function $\bar{\mathcal{R}}(z)$. The scaling function shows a cross-over from $\bar{\mathcal{R}}(z)\simeq z^{0.5}$ to $\bar{\mathcal{R}}(z) \simeq z^{\alpha}$, where the cross-over value of $z$ and the exponent $\alpha$ depends on the temperature of the heat bath attached to the stable phase.
We have only analyzed the case $q = 10$. Changing the value of
  $q$ influences the quantitative behavior through the $\Delta$-dependence.
  We conjecture that the $\Delta$ dependence in the large system size limit
  should be consistent with the theoretical result for the phase-field model
  \cite{HS}, because our stochastic model belongs to the same universality
  class as the phase-field model.
In ending this paper, we make two remarks.

The first is on the status of our model. We note that
our model is rarely realizable in experiments, like a more familiar
mean-field type model, where a site $(i_x,i_y)$ is connected to all sites
in the $i_x+1$ layer. Despite apparent unphysical nature
of the random lattice, the phase growth in our model is qualitatively
same as that for the model on the square lattice,
as shown in Figs.~\ref{result_2d_Tr3}, \ref{result_2d_scaling},
and \ref{result_2d_Tr1.01}.
This is a special property of our model, because the mean-field type
model shows a different behavior \cite{HOS2}. Thus, toward the microscopic
derivation of a coupled equation for the order parameter field and the
temperature field, numerical results for our model should be theoretically
explained by extending  the analysis shown in Sec.~\ref{SM} and
Appendix \ref{app-sec:SM}.

The second remark is on the Mullins-Sekerka instability \cite{MS}.
The instability of propagating interfaces was studied in the phase-field
model for the case $\Delta\geq 1$ \cite{Kupf,Braun}. We do not
clearly understand the instability condition for the case $\Delta <1$.
Nevertheless, in any cases, it is clear that the instability
  is  not observed
in our model on the sparse-randomly connected lattice, because there is no
spatial correlation in the vertical direction. While this aspect
may be a disadvantage of the model, we note that the instability is not
our main concern. For the model
on the square lattice, there remains a possibility that Mullins-Sekerka
instability could appear for larger system sizes than we studied. Clarifying
the instability condition is left for future study.

\begin{figure}[H]
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.31\columnwidth]{2d_result_Tr3.pdf}
        \label{result_2d_Tr3}
                 }%
    \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.34\columnwidth]{2d_result_Tr12_scaling.pdf}
      \label{result_2d_scaling}
        }%
        \subfigure[]{%
        \includegraphics[clip, width=0.33\columnwidth]{2d_result_Tr101_scaling.pdf}
      \label{result_2d_Tr1.01}
        }%
        \caption{Interface displacement of the $q$-state Potts model on the square lattice. The value of $D$ is measured  as $0.02$ in the same way as shown in Appendix \ref{app-sec:Diff}. The value of $T_c$ for $q=10$ was  calculated exactly \cite{Wu}.  (a) $R(t)$ as a function of $t$ for $T_R=3.0T_c$.
The guideline represents $At^{0.5}$ with $A=0.13$.
(b) $R/L_x$ as a function of $Dt/L_x^2$ for $T_R=1.2T_c$.
The guidelines represent $Az^{0.5}$ and $A^\prime z^{0.75}$ with $A= 0.28$ and $A^\prime = 0.38$.
(c)$R/L_x$ as a function of $Dt/L_x^2$ for $T_R=1.01T_c$.
The guidelines represent $Az^{0.5}$ and $A^\prime z $ with $A = 4.6\times 10^{-2}$ and $A^\prime =2.8\times 10^{-2}$.
 }
 \end{figure}

\begin{acknowledgements}
This work was supported by KAKENHI (Grant Nos. 17H01148, 19H05795, and 20K20425).
\end{acknowledgements}

\begin{spacing}{0.5}
\noindent{\small {\bf Data Availibility} \ The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.}\\
\end{spacing}

\vspace{7pt}

\begin{spacing}{0.8}
\noindent{\small {\bf Conflict of Interest} \ \  The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.
}
\end{spacing}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Are you inundated with emails? I get at least 100 emails a day, many from my clients, past and present; those are to be responded to ASAP of course. And I receive newsletters and updates from many organizations I subscribe to. Much reading results to keep up with the latest research in all fields of interest to me. Like you I also get loads of unwanted email messages from organizations, individuals and companies trying to sell me something; most I have never even heard of. There are also myriad scammers out there posing under a familiar name to get me to open their emails. Many try to tempt me with what they think are enticing subject lines All too many are constant repetition of ones already received.
I also need to check my often overloaded spam folder all the time because important and expected messages somehow find their way there.
So many people tell me they hardly ever read their emails; interesting. It causes me to question the purpose of having an email address. Too many others tell me they didn't get the requested email I sent to them, and that's frustrating too.
It can be annoying, and sometimes a bit overwhelming trying to keep up with it all, and it's time consuming for sure. However, occasionally I get something that is really useful or interesting. When I get one of those messages I often forward it to people I know who are interested in educating themselves about mind/brain psychology, parapsychology, science based health issues nutrition, and supplements. If I come across something relevant to a client's, family or friend's needs, I send it to them. I also receive as I'm sure you do, emails forwarded to me by people who want to share something they believe to be interesting, important or useful to me. Thank you all.
Sometimes even personal emails sent by clients, friends and family end up in my spam folder. UHG! So I'd advise you to check your junk mail every day. You never know what you could be missing out on.
It's also quite frustrating when I'm attempting to reach people via my own contacts list who have requested receiving emails from me to discover they have not opened my message or its gone to their spam folder never to be seen. I do after all only send out useful and important information to them and all. Its not often that I do an e blast anyway. I don't' want to be a pest. So when you see an email that comes from khypno@aol.com and my name on the subject line, just know I have something important to share with you.
I am a well known hypnotherapist with a busy practice, I have spent the last 50 years helping people; I love what I do, it's fulfilling and rewarding to facilitate positive changes, help people heal, and succeed in achieving their goals. There is of course a business element to what I do. I create self help products that are sold from my on line store, and I write and send out newsletters providing information that people need to know about. So emails are promotional in many cases: It is just one way I can announce sales or special events like worships etc. I've had all too many people tell me that had they known about the content of the email they received from me they would opened it; for they would have liked to participate in a workshop or taken advantage of a discount on a product. They were too quick to delete the message. The old saying "look before you leap" is good advice.
Advertising it is, very often. This is after all a society where commercial enterprise is built in to the culture, and keeps the economy running for all who benefit from it.
My contacts list is, by the way largely made up of people have asked to receive my announcements and newsletters. If you don't want to read what I have sent to you, simply delete; no need to call or email to complain, I never want to intrude where not invited or welcomed. .
Occasionally I am moved to promote another person's web site, products or newsletters when I feel they have meaningful content for my readers and my contacts. Although I have never before sent out an email like I did recently in which I made an urgent plea for help to save a loved ones life.* That was unusual, as traditionally I have always been giving something away, including the value of my knowledge and experience, I'm most often announcing opportunities for personal insights, self improvement and fulfillment. Promoting a new product, my latest blog, or, as in a recent email announcing among other newsworthy things, the installment of my new web site www.kisselhypnosis.com, or a workshop , how else could I reach and inform you? Keep in mind that I always like to include something people can use right away, and there are almost always freebies that come along with all my special offers. If its something about a time sensitive subject I make that clear too. E blasts at times are one of the few inexpensive ways to get the word out and so why not employ the option? Wouldn't you?
So its not always wise to delete a message without taking at least a quick look at its content first, you never know what you can learn; it might be worthy of your closer attention.
I understand that you, like me are also inundated with requests for donations, and we give as much as we can afford to favorite charities. I also factor in that with the recent publicity about all the charity scammers out there, there is bound to be some skepticism as to the legitimacy of any requests for donations, whether it be via an email solicitation or a beggar on a street corner. Believe me, I share that concern, we do need to be careful not to fall prey to those who would exploit our generous hearts and spirits. However my name and sterling reputation are well known and ought to have at least signaled the legitimate source of request. And keep in mind that your email address has either been given to me because you want to be on my mailing list, or because you have sent me an email and its automatically put on my contacts list or you have subscribed via my web site.
The e blast in which i asked for donations arose from a feeling of desperation building within me and my family about my son in laws situation. My son in law is a wonderful human being, a loving husband and father whose life is in danger; his liver disease is not related to alcohol, as so many wrongly assume; he is a deeply spiritual man with a heart of gold, with a life long history of giving of himself in many ways freely to others in need. Now that he needs the same generosity that he has shown to others, it's naturally painfully difficult for him to be in a position to ask for help, especially from strangers. So I asked for him, via email. It was a request for donations via the NFT* The response was profoundly disappointing, I am surprised and sad to say. I cannot help but wonder, did it go to your spam folder? Or did you decide not to donate even a few dollars? I'll never know.
A some generous hearted people have prayed for Mizan and his family and a few have donated, and we are profoundly grateful. They have all received personalized "thank you" messages from Mizan, via email of course, and we do hope they opened those messages. I'm also using this communication to thank them personally and more publicly.
Obviously the objective is to reach as many people as possible, especially when the message is crucial to someone's survival. When you have no other means of communicating e mails are one of the few means of doing so. In spite of my reluctance to plead, I need to inform you that Mizan is so far from being able to afford a new liver. And as much as I would never want to annoy you, I must let you know that time is of the essence. So if you have delayed making your tax free donation, keep in mind time is not on his side.
I think many people delete message unthinkingly, and that could be a mistake. Recently a client didn't open an email I forwarded to her that I'd received from my daughter who is a wellness coach, offering a some help for my client's health concerns that I had asked her about. I often turn to Eman and ask her on behalf of my clients what she would recommend. Instead of opening that email, which by the way I told her I'd be sending her, my client bought a product that wasn't the best for her needs. A waste of time and money for her.
As for helping you cope with with massive onslaught of emails and requests for your attention, please read my blog How to Find Balance in a Topsy Turvey World. You can get to it via my web site www.kisselhypnosis.com. The important message in there is all about getting in touch with whose needs are greatest. You are important too, and a good read so many have told me.
When you read my blogs you will be getting for free the benefit of my nearly 40 years of clinical experience and more than fifty years of scientific research and investigation into the mind, the brain mind body relationship, among other things. As well as lots of insights about and for yourself, and ways to live better, cope better, do better and be well. Please feel free to ask me questions and comment. I always give all due attention to my readers.
Go ahead, share this message with those on your contacts list, because its not just another request for donations, its an invitation to check out my new on line store where you will find lots of very powerful self help products as well as vital information that can help you decide the best approach for making positive changes; there is the all important Q&A pages and how my While Mind Hypnotherapy differs from the common standardized hypnotherapy practices and gets results when everything else has failed. Yes, that's advertising!
And a reminder, you can opt of off my contacts list to never to receive emails from me again. My web designer/manger uses a special service that handles that automatically when you hit the unsubscribe link. Though just be aware, you could be missing out on some really good free and useful information, and decide to do a good deed, too.
This entry was posted on September 3, 2015 at 4:41 pm and is filed under Hypnosis.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Currently wttr.in uses just one data source, but more data sources must be added.
Having more data sources will increase data quality, and make it possible
to select data source basing on location, or on the user's preferences.

## Possible data sources

* [Open weather map](https://openweathermap.org/)
* [Accu weather](https://www.accuweather.com/)
* [Windy](https://www.windy.com/?26.953,75.711,5)
* [Yr](https://www.yr.no/nb)
* [BBC WeatherFeeds](https://support.bbc.co.uk/platform/feeds/WeatherFeeds.htm)
* https://weather.gc.ca
* [Bom](http://www.bom.gov.au)
* [IMD](https://mausam.imd.gov.in/)
* [darksky](https://darksky.net/forecast/40.7127,-74.0059/us12/en)
* [weather bug](https://www.weatherbug.com/)
* [weather underground](https://www.wunderground.com/)
* [brightsky](https://brightsky.dev/)

## Air Quality sources

* http://aqicn.org/
* https://docs.airnowapi.org/
* https://www2.purpleair.com/community/faq#hc-access-the-json

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Get to know Kevin Jonas' two daughters: Alena and Valentina
West Shore Home® Named a Winner of The Top Workplaces USA Award
West Shore Home, one of the fastest growing home remodeling companies in the nation is proud to announce it is has earned the Top Workplaces USA award. Issued by Energage, the Top Workplaces program celebrates organizations with 150 or more employees that have built great cultures. Over 42,000 organizations were invited to participate in the Top Workplaces USA survey. Winners are chosen based solely on employee feedback.
Incipio Announces Sustainable, Protective Case Solutions for New Samsung Galaxy S23 Series
Incipio®, an award-winning designer and manufacturer of innovative solutions designed to enrich today's digital lifestyle, today announced sustainable, premium protective cases for the Samsung Galaxy S23, S23+ and S23 Ultra. The lineup of sleek, modern cases feature superior drop protection, antimicrobial defense, and wireless charging and 5G compatibility for reliable, everyday use. Available in classic colorways, the cases balance innovation, sustainability and performance for consumers to pro
A second former North Carolina State athlete sued the school Wednesday alleging he was sexually abused by the Wolfpack's former director of sports medicine under the guise of treatment. The lawsuit filed in federal court accuses Robert Murphy Jr. of improperly touching the athlete's genitals and elsewhere twice in 2016. The plaintiff's name is listed as "John Doe" to protect anonymity and doesn't specify which sport he played.
Adani scraps $2.5B share sale after fraud claims hit stock
Embattled Indian billionaire Gautam Adani called off his flagship company's $2.5 billion share share late Wednesday after a tumultuous week saw his conglomerate shed tens of billions of dollars in market value after claims of fraud from a U.S.-based short-selling firm. Citing a volatile market and an unprecedented situation, the Adani Group said in a statement it decided not to go ahead with its share sale — which was preliminarily sold out as of Tuesday — and will return the proceeds from the offering. Adani-related shares plunged in recent days after Hindenburg Research, a financial research firm with a track record of sending the stock prices of its targets tumbling, accused the group of "brazen" stock market manipulation and accounting fraud, among other financial abuses.
Auto Parts Retailer LKQ Stock Sees Relative Strength Rating Jump To 81
The Relative Strength (RS) Rating for LKQ stock entered a new percentile Wednesday, with an increase from 77 to 81. Is LKQ Stock A Buy? LKQ stock is in a buy range after climbing above a 56.99 buy point in a cup with handle.
The All-New Samsung Galaxy Book3 Ultra: An Innovative Samsung Galaxy Ecosystem Experience with Powerful Performance
Samsung's newest Galaxy Book3 Series provides Samsung Galaxy users looking for seamless multi-device connectivity and peak computing power with the ultimate PCs Samsung Galaxy Book3 Samsung Galaxy Book3 Series provides Samsung Galaxy users looking for seamless multi-device connectivity and peak computing power with the ultimate PCs Samsung Galaxy Book3 Ultra Display The new Samsung Galaxy Book3 Ultra features ultra-high-performance computing designed for those who need premium hardware to superc
Post Malone's Daughter: Everything to Know
Post Malone welcomed a daughter with his fiancée in May 2022
With an average age of 83, these actresses could be forgiven for thinking about retirement.
The S&P 500's technology sector edged higher after the Federal Reserve released a statement saying that it's hiking its benchmark interest rate by a quarter of a percentage point, an increase widely expected by the market. Information tech shares in the index were up 0.3%, the sole sector with gains, according to FactSet data, at last check. Meanwhile, the S 500 index was down 0.3%, with its remaining 10 sectors all showing losses, FactSet data show, at last check. Fed Chair Jerome Powell is sch
The Federal Reserve raised its target interest rate by a quarter of a percentage point on Wednesday, yet continued to promise "ongoing increases" in borrowing costs as part of its still unresolved battle against inflation. The decision lifted the benchmark overnight interest rate to a range between 4.50% and 4.75%, a move widely anticipated by investors and flagged by U.S. central bankers ahead of this week's two-day policy session. STOCKS: U.S. stocks fell after the Fed statement.BONDS: U.S. Treasury yields trimmed losses after the Fed decision; 10-year last at 3.484%.FOREX: The U.S. dollar pared losses after the Fed statement.
Issue Brief Shows Effectiveness of Telehealth Services in Partial Hospitalization Programs and Intensive Outpatient Programs
The National Association for Behavioral Healthcare (NABH) Education and Research Foundation and Manatt have released an issue brief that highlights how telehealth services effectively augment traditional partial hospitalization programs (PHP) and intensive outpatient programs (IOP).
PrideStaff San Diego Ranked Number 13 on San Diego Business Journal's Top Temporary Staffing Firms List
PrideStaff, a nationally franchised staffing organization, is pleased to announce that their San Diego office was named one of the top temporary staffing agencies for 2022 by the San Diego Business Journal. Each year, the Temporary Placement Services list ranks staffing and employment agencies located throughout the greater San Diego area.
Prince Harry Revealed He and Meghan Made a Food & Wine Recipe In 'Spare' — Here's Our Best Guess at Which One
We're flattered, truly.
Intel Corp. continues to cut costs for everything except payments to investors. Intel (INTC) which is already in the process of cutting what is believed to be thousands of jobs amid steep declines in profit and revenue, is reducing Chief Executive Pat Gelsinger's base salary by 25% and trimming other salaries at a descending rate based on seniority, down to 5% cuts for midlevel positions, a person familiar with the matter told MarketWatch. While nonexempt workers and junior positions face no pay cuts, Intel is trimming its 401(k) contributions to 2.5% from 5% and will suspend merit raises and quarterly performance bonuses, the person said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CHICAGO -- Jose Abreu didn't sign up for the losing when he first joined the White Sox via free agency on Oct. 29, 2013. He didn't plan on the current 9-27 record, standing as baseball's worst mark after Saturday's 8-4 loss to the Cubs.
But the White Sox first baseman thoroughly understands the organization's rebuild, and more importantly, he understands his key role in the rebuild and would like to be with the team when fortunes turn around.
"Of course, there is not any doubt about it," said Abreu of his desire to stay in Chicago, through interpreter Billy Russo. "My mom and dad, they taught me to always be grateful, and I'm really grateful for this organization because of all the things they have done for me and the opportunities they gave me.
"I hope with God's will I can finish my career here. I hope I can stay here for as long as I can as a baseball player."
Abreu, 31, has produced four straight seasons with at least a .290 average, 25 home runs, 100 RBIs and an .820 OPS. He hasn't fully hit a groove offensively in 2018, but he entered Saturday's contest against the Cubs with a .280 average, seven home runs and 20 RBIs.
As has been discussed many times previously, Abreu's value to the White Sox goes well beyond the numbers. He's a mentor both on and off the field, responsibilities certainly not defined by numbers in this era of deep analytics. It's still a quality greatly appreciated by the White Sox.
"To take it a step further, he has been an encouraging and as positive of an influence on the development of some of these young guys," White Sox executive vice president Ken Williams said of Abreu. "He's like having an extra coach on hand. I cannot overstate the quality person that he is. I hope he really hears and understands how we feel about him."
"I know what I need to do, and I know what they need me to do to help this team to get moving forward in this process," Abreu said. "I embrace that role. It's not something difficult for me. It comes natural for me, and I'm really glad the team can see me like that person."
With the team having control of Abreu for this season and 2019, there's no rush on an extension decision for the first baseman. Abreu also understands the business side of the game, even emerging as a potential summer trade candidate.
"My focus is to come here every day and try to help the guys get better and try to help this team to win games," Abreu said. "But what is going to happen off the field, I don't know. I can't control that. The only thing I can control is just to play hard and give 100 percent of myself on the field.
"We all know that we have a lot of talent in this organization, and even in this team, but it's going to take time. We have to be patient."
Miguel Gonzalez, on the disabled list with right rotator cuff inflammation, retroactive to April 19, will not be going on a Minor League rehab assignment in the immediate future. White Sox manager Rick Renteria said prior to Saturday's game that Gonzalez took a little bit of a step back Friday, while Gonzalez added he's getting there "slowly but surely."
"I'm going to play catch again on Tuesday and see how that feels," Gonzalez said. "Then we are going to make a move after that.
"It's getting there, it's getting close. We'll see what happens. It's a lot better now. I can actually play catch, and it's fine."


text:
"We're from the Employing Class, and we're here to help": What the bosses are saying, in effect, is: "We are having none of this. We will not participate in the creation of a minimum set of employment conditions across New Zealand's industries. If you want Fair Pay Agreements, then you will have to impose them upon the employing class without its consent."
AROUND THIS TIME last week, I was thoroughly enjoying myself, writing a parody of "Onward Christian Soldiers" for Christopher Luxon. My take on the old hymn's refrain had "Luxon's soldiers" marching to "class war". Some readers thought that was a somewhat inflammatory characterisation. Class war was soooo Twentieth Century, they insisted. Apparently, my paleo-socialist slip was showing.
Well, maybe not. Today (9/12/21) we learn that Business New Zealand has refused to partner with the State and the NZ Council of Trade Unions (CTU) in the roll-out of Labour's long-awaited – and well-mandated – Fair Pay Agreements.
This decision can only be interpreted as a deliberate attempt by New Zealand's employers to sabotage the tripartite structure of the FPA model. What the bosses are saying, in effect, is: "We are having none of this. We will not participate in the creation of a minimum set of employment conditions across New Zealand's industries. If you want Fair Pay Agreements, then you will have to impose them upon the employing class without its consent."
I don't know about you, but that sure sounds like a declaration of class war to me.
How have "Luxon's soldiers" responded to Business New Zealand's decision. Well, Luxon's Workplace Relations and Safety spokesperson, the dry-as-dust neoliberal, Paul Goldsmith, doesn't really do "unbounded joy", but, in a media statement released earlier today he certainly comes across as a Happy Chappy.
The Government should ditch its Fair Pay Agreement policy following Business New Zealand's refusal to be the Government's preferred partner," crows Goldsmith. "The agreements would remove the flexibility and autonomy modern workplaces need to grow and flourish.
Oh boy, it's been a while since we heard that kind of language. It takes me back thirty years to 1991, the year when the Employment Contracts Act came into force.
Goldsmith would have been 20 years old in 1991. For someone of his ideological inclinations, the ECA must have represented the capstone of the Neoliberal Revolution unleashed by Roger Douglas and Ruth Richardson. This crowning achievement, the one big "reform" that Labour dared not undertake, would have struck the young Goldsmith as absolutely sacrosanct. The effective destruction of the trade unionism across the private sector was the critical "reform" that made all the other "reforms" work. Confronted with a unified and confident working-class, Neoliberalism cannot succeed.
Hardly surprising, then, that Goldsmith's statement included this little gem:
Business New Zealand's withdrawal lays bare the fact that the national industry awards would have to be imposed by force – denying workers and businesses the right to sort out pay and conditions for themselves.
As if the ECA was not imposed. As if the Act did not, with one ruthless stroke of the legislator's pen, wipe out rights which New Zealand workers had fought for and won, and which had remained entrenched in the country's laws for close to a century. As if the people controlling the means of production, distribution and exchange; and those with nothing to sell but their labour – economic and social equals that they so obviously are! – were both clamouring for the right to arrive at mutually advantageous agreements without the pesky intervention of a trade union. As if the 500,000 New Zealanders who marched, rallied and struck against the ECA in March-April 1991 had only done so for a lark – because they had nothing better to do.
Flexible labour markets have been an essential element in New Zealand's progress in the past 30 years, Goldsmith continued. They have enabled consistent economic growth and job creation, which is the only sustainable way to increase living standards in the long-term.
Umm, no, Paul, that's not what flexible labour markets brought to New Zealand. The ECA was nothing more, nor less, than an open invitation for New Zealand employers to distil their profits from their workers' sweat: making them work harder, and longer, for less.
In sophisticated capitalist countries, the state understands the value of an organised labour movement powerful enough to keep workers' wages high. It is a necessary adjunct to the process of "creative destruction" that allows capitalism to rejuvenate itself. High wages encourage employers to replace workers with machines, or more efficient work practices, thereby lifting productivity – and profits – while building up an increasingly skilled workforce. Win–Win.
The ECA's "flexible labour markets" – i.e. the destruction of the trade unions – excused the New Zealand capitalist class from doing business better and smarter. It condemned the New Zealand economy to appallingly low and seemingly unimprovable levels of productivity. That made us a low-wage country and sent our best and our brightest across the Tasman to Australia – where the equivalent of FPAs had kept wages high and boosted the productivity of Australian industry.
Though dry-as-dust Neoliberals like Goldsmith are too ideologically blinkered to see it, the ECA – far from being "an essential element in New Zealand's progress in the past 30 years", fundamentally weakened both its economy and its society. It drove our most talented citizens offshore, denying the taxpayers, who had contributed so much to the making of these highly-skilled workers, any hope of ever seeing a return on their investment.
There is, accordingly, considerable irony in Goldsmith's claim that:
There should be a relentless focus on improving our productivity and lifting incomes.
If he was serious about either of those objectives, Goldsmith would be castigating Business New Zealand for undermining what is quite clearly the best hope of improving this country's appalling productivity, while materially improving the wages of its workforce. Instead, "Luxon's soldier" offers us this:
Unions now only represent 16 per cent of the private sector workforce – this is all about strengthening the role of unions.
He hasn't even grasped the fact that union density in New Zealand's private sector workforce long ago fell below 10 percent. In that brutal statistic is contained not only the tragic story of the National Party's cold-blooded elimination of trade unionism as a mass movement wielding significant political power on behalf of the New Zealand working class; but also the shameful failure of the CTU to either fight for that class when they still possessed the power to bring the state to the negotiating table, or to do what was necessary to rebuild mass unionism when the political climate changed. (The reasons for the NZCTU's failure must be left for a future posting.)
What Goldsmith needs no tutoring in, however, is the fundamental elements of class conflict – which achieved their clearest expression in the "flexible labour markets" made possible by the Employment Contracts Act:
Fair Pay Agreements will take us back to the failed policies of the past and should be scrapped, says Goldsmith.
With Business New Zealand drawing up their forces alongside the National Party and Act, it is pretty clear that the employers and their political lackeys have already declared the opening of class hostilities.
The real question now, of course, is whether Labour and the CTU have the guts to declare class war right back at them.
This essay was originally posted on The Daily Blog of Friday, 10 December 2021.
Labels: Business New Zealand, Employment Contracts Act, Labour Party, National Party, Neoliberalism, Paul Goldsmith, Trade Unionism
I worked, mostly as a manager/company director (& a couple years as Union delegate), with unionised workplaces & staff for 40 years. Unions are always quite happy for bad workers to be paid the same as good ones, in fact they insist on it. The good ones are then dragged down to the lowest common denominator wondering why they bothered. However the dirty little secret is that it also suits large employers to have unionisation much more than smaller ones because their usually significant labour costs are then mostly fixed & predetermined for budgets.
RobbieWgtn
Ah well, as far as conservatives are concerned it's only class warfare if we fight back.
Wayne Mapp said...
Employment law has always been an area of contention between National Labour. No surprise there.
I would note that to a significant extent there was a broad consensus on employment law from early in the 2000's through to 2020. Helen Clark's changes in 2001 were less significant than many in National initially feared. Clark in fact broadly accepted the independent freedom to contract. As a consequence the changes made during the Key government were quite modest. The major one being the 90 day trial period which I had developed when in opposition. All of this remained unchanged from 2017 to 2020, when NZF was the moderating influence upon Labour.
Labour has now upset these employment law arrangements, which I believe have served New Zealand well over the last 20 years. It is hardly surprising that Business New Zealand will not co-operate on industry wide awards in the way that Labour envisages them. You can also be certain that they will be repealed by the next National government\
It is hardly class warfare to oppose compulsory industry wide agreements, given that the employment law has been quite well settled for the last 20 years. Perhaps the fact that politics now looks like it will be divided between National/Act on one side and Labour/Green on the other side, means employment law will have a more ideological flavour. The consequence is that it will swing quite a lot each time the government changes. Hardly a recipe for economic stability.
Winston and NZF (and Peter Dunne) were never able to satisfactorily explain why a stabilising middle party serves a valuable function in our democracy. NZF has not, and probably never will, have the mantle of the Free Democrats in Germany. The Free Democrats, for much of modern Germany's history, have been the moderating force between Left and Right. The failure of NZF to assume this role in the New Zealand public imagination is probably because of the origins of NZF as a dissident faction of National. As a consequence NZF has been permanently distrusted by National. Jim Bolger, though he tried, was never able to convince the National Party to let bygones be bygones. The antipathy toward NZF, even 30 years later, is still quite visceral among a very large number within National, including those who have actually been born after the split occurred in 1992!
I was on the Privileges Committee in 2008 when the National majority found that Winston had lied to Parliament. The intent was quite clear, to get Winston out of Parliament. That succeeded for 3 years from 2008 to 2011, but it was always clear to me that National would pay a price. And of course that price was paid in 2017.
Not only are there very few people who acutely suffer from lack of food or lack of housing, but there are infinitely more opportunities for the young people to choose their own future. There is a wealth of possibilities for those who wish to learn, and for those who wish to enjoy themselves in various ways. But perhaps the most important thing is that we are prepared to listen to informed criticism and are certainly happy if reasonable suggestions are made for the betterment of our society. For our society is not only open to reform, but it is anxious to reform itself.
In spite of all this, the propaganda for the myth that we live in an ugly world has succeeded.
Open your eyes and see how beautiful the world is, and how lucky we are who are alive!
https://quillette.com/2021/02/22/remembering-karl-popper/
I've never met anyone who would vote for Donald Trump
No more exploitation! This is a migrant nation! (Unite unionists and turban wearing man).
It's the birth rates; it's the birthrates
NZ could have had a better standard of living with a smaller population Michael Reddell.
Populism is due to the different birthrates in the northern hemisphere versus the equatorial regions. It wouldn't be happening in Korea or Japan Eric Kaufmann
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuQHrmkgHdQ&t=509s
Experts say there is no meaningful difference between expressions of white nationalism and white supremacy. - Facebook.
https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/israel-middle-east/articles/israel-most-legitimate-state
John Hurley you are a peach blooming in the midst of trench warfare, unsullied, unblemished. Keep on as the image of near perfection that we all aim for.
The trouble is that opening one's eyes means looking at reality which includes horror as well as beauty, tawdriness and commercial interests wanting to sell you the very basics you need for life.
Freddie in Queen wrote Bohemian Rhapsody - he's dead now. We who have it all don't went to die, let others go instead.
Is this the real life?
Is this just fantasy?
Caught in a landside,
No escape from reality
Open your eyes,
Look up to the skies and see,
I'm just a poor boy, I need no sympathy,
Because I'm easy come, easy go,
Little high, little low,
Any way the wind blows doesn't really matter to
Me, to me...
Too late, my time has come,
Sends shivers down my spine, body's aching all The time
Goodbye, everybody, I've got to go,
Gotta leave you all behind and face the truth
Mama, oooh
I don't want to die,
I sometimes wish I'd never been born at all.
I see a little silhouetto of a man,
Scaramouch, Scaramouch, will you do the Fandango!
Thunderbolts and lightning, very, very frightening me
He's just a poor boy from a poor family,
Spare him his life from this monstrosity
Easy come, easy go, will you let me go
Bismillah! No, we will not let you go
So you think you can stop me and spit in my eye
So you think you can love me and leave me to die
Oh, baby, can't do this to me, baby,
Just gotta get out, just gotta get right outta here
Nothing really matters, Anyone can see,
Nothing really matters,
Nothing really matters to me
Any way the wind blows...
Source: Musixmatch
Actually that quote was meant to highlight a world view (open society). It still works for the top decks but not below where water is entering.
Capitalism was doing o.k in NZ once they freed up some prices.
However (As George Megalogenis points out) immigration became demand driven. That's why NZrs compete with "a lovely family from Shanghai" for that dream home. On Twitter Russell Brown's crowd are trying to sell us Paris - will be the result of dense housing. This all has to be a red flag.
We are being sold a big fat lie. The same person who claims diversity is absolutely essential for Aucklands success and calls negativity to a multicultural nation "hate" is now part of a re-branding exercise in emphasising the harsh reaction to unvaccinated deplorables. You have to admire their creativity in the face of a compliant media.


text:
Hibakusha call for health management
Survivors of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki say the government and the Tokyo Electric Power Company should take care of the people affected by radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi power plant.
In a letter of request to the government and the utility firm, the Japan Confederation of Atomic and Hydrogen Bomb Sufferers Organizations says all people affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster should undergo health checkups every year. It asks the government and TEPCO to address the health management of affected people in the long-term and in a responsible manner.
The organization, known as Nihon Hidankyo, also says the government should also take the responsibility for compensating people exposed to radiation. It says certificates should be issued in a unified way, rather than at random by local governments, in order to quickly help those affected.
The letter of request also refers to reports of undue discrimination against evacuees from Fukushima Prefecture since the outbreak of the nuclear disaster.
It says people should be informed of accurate information about radiation in order to avoid discrimination.
Hidankyo Secretary General Terumi Tanaka says the government and TEPCO should address the overall health situation as many people are worried about radiation exposure via the air.
Friday, April 22, 2011 02:09 +0900 (JST)
Alert od Dra Jaśkowskiego 21.4.2011
SS-yny grożą Państwu Szubertom = Grypa666 wypowiada następną wojnę SS-ynom


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My recent life seems to be academic as currently I spend my daily life at the University, teaching is my job preparing & updating lectures. Creating projects and making plans for other projects is another reason that makes me to go through academic area, writing papers and doing researches will way me through the academic titles. Participating in Exhibitions, conferences and seminar sessions at the University is another activity that I will do every single year, also, I have involved in summer programming courses for some lecturers who would to have teaching in private institutes.
- Paper: Logical Database and Design.


text:
Echiniscus weisseri är en djurart som tillhör fylumet trögkrypare, och som beskrevs av Walter Maucci 1978. Echiniscus weisseri ingår i släktet Echiniscus och familjen Echiniscidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Trögkrypare
weisseri

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
3 Yrs/ Preschool - 5 Yrs/ K
Introducing Teddy: A Gentle Story
Errol and his teddy, Thomas, are best friends who do everything together. Whether it's riding a bike, playing in the tree house, having a tea party, or all of the above, every day holds something fun to do. One sunny day, Errol finds that Thomas is sad, even when they are playing in their favorite ways. Errol can't figure out why, until Thomas finally tells Errol what the teddy has been afraid to say: "In my heart, I've always known that I'm a girl teddy, not a boy teddy. I wish my name was Tilly, not Thomas." And Errol says, "I don't care if you're a girl teddy or a boy teddy! What matters is that you are my friend." Introducing Teddy introduces the youngest readers to understanding gender identity and transition in an accessible and heart-warming story about being true to yourself and being a good friend. About the Author: Jessica Walton lives with her wife, son, and cats in Melbourne, Australia. She was inspired to write Introducing Teddy after her father transitioned into the woman she had always been on the inside, and Jess wanted to find a way to tell that story to her young son. A former secondary teacher, Jess is passionate about literature, board games, the ukulele, and funky prosthetic legs (her current one features green dragon scales). This is her first book. www.facebook.com/introducingteddy Dougal MacPherson once drew a truck on a rainy Sunday afternoon to entertain his young son. Since then, he has illustrated for tech websites and conferences and now, a children's book. Dougal lives with his wife, son, daughter and a cat called Monster, in Australia. He documents the antics of his family through fifteen-minute drawings in a popular Instagram account. @15mindrawings
Pride Month Books
This Item: Introducing Teddy: A Gentle Story
ADA Twist Scientist
Fix it! Helping Hands Series
All Children's Books Preschool Books 3-5 yrs


text:
People are now "ghosting" at work, so we looked into the word's long history
We Talked to Merriam-Webster About How Slang Words Like "Jawn" and "Lit" Wind Up in the Dictionary
Merriam-Webster Adds Nonbinary 'They' Pronoun to Dictionary
Merriam-Webster's Time Traveler Tool Shows You Words That Came Into Print The Year You Were Born
'They' named Merriam-Webster dictionary's word of the year
This Super-Rude Dating Behavior Just Got Added To The Dictionary
Words of the Millennium
Date Definition Merriam Webster
Merriam Webster Dictionary Conspiracy to defraud 01
In the s, Merriam-Webster editor Peter Gove changed the rules for writing dictionary definitions, and Peter Sokolowski shares interesting and funny stories about what happened next. Peter Sokolowski second from the left, back row with other language lovers at an ACES conference dinner. The interview segment begins at the mark. He also records pronunciations for the digital edition of the dictionary. He says that when writing a definition, you pray for a good adjective, but that writing a definition can take anywhere from half an hour to half a month. In this interview, he retells a story about how definitions change over time that he shared with me at a dinner during the American Copy Editors Society in Las Vegas in March of Why Dictionary Definitions Change Over Time There are rules to write definitions, and Merriam-Webster revised its rules in the s as the editors were working on Webster's Third because they needed to make the dictionary smaller. No proper nouns. The new edition removed names such as George Washington and the Eiffel Tower.
Merriam-Webster, Inc. All Merriam-Webster dictionaries trace their lineage to this source. The company adopted its current name in In Webster started two decades of intensive work to expand his publication into a fully comprehensive dictionary, An American Dictionary of the English Language.
Looking for definition of dating? dating explanation. Define dating by Webster's Dictionary, WordNet Lexical Database, Dictionary of Computing, Legal Dictionary.
Dating hook up definition matches match. Posts: 08, – glossary of the audioenglish. Remember me not convinced that could not keep up to estimate the past and past participle hooked up. It's probably a disgusting and the webster. Imported from houghton mifflin harcourt. Importunity; title of chat, fourth edition by merriam-webster. Uploader: united states that were forty and fifty. At dating in radiochemical. User-Friendly acronyms and grades , meet the dictionary includes up-to-date technical language and inventions since from american dictionary.
However, online source for dating – if the webster- ian c. Isbn surreal, chat, the i wondered what the english merriam-webster. Interracial translation of date, edited by merriam-webster announced that the bluebook; about dictionary and use in? That's something the free merriam-webster.
The nonbinary pronoun "they" has been named Merriam-Webster's word of the year. The definition of "they" as a nonbinary pronoun was added to the three other separate definitions of the word in September. Merriam-Webster said in a statement that the word of the year winner was determined by data.
Up-to-date definition: If something is up-to-date, it is the newest thing of its kind. | Meaning Webster's New World College Dictionary, 4th Edition. Copyright.
A "cougar" is typically defined as an older woman who is primarily attracted to younger men, often involving a sexual relationship. Although there are no precise ages , the woman is usually 35 years or older with the man more than eight years her junior. Some people consider "cougar" to be a sexist, derogatory term , but the meaning varies from offensive to empowering depending on the person. The term "cougar" is an example of how modern culture defines and prescribes roles for heterosexual women and men in society; other similar stereotypes include sugar daddy and sugar mama.
What these have in common—aside from an age difference—is an imbalance of power and wealth, with the wealth and power being held primarily by the older person. Other related terms of "alpha cougar," "beta cougar," and "sweet" or "angry" cougars appear to be categories invented by dating websites.
And where did it come from? Ghost, the verb, is millennial parlance for vanishing from a relationship without warning or explanation. Some accept jobs, only to not appear for the first day of work, no reason given, of course. Instead of formally quitting, enduring a potentially awkward conversation with a manager, some employees leave and never return. Had this applicant been hurt in a car accident or fallen ill?
Main Entry: carbon dating. Function: noun: the measurement of age (as of a fossil) by means of the amount of carbon 14 in the material. Pronunciation Symbols.
Merriam-Webster has officially added the nonbinary pronoun "they" as an entry in its dictionary. Merriam-Webster has officially added the non-binary pronoun "they" as an entry in its dictionary. Merriam-Webster announced Tuesday that the word "they" can be used to refer to a single person whose gender identity is non-binary along with three other separate definitions. Merriam-Webster uses the word in a sentence as an example: "I knew certain things about They had adopted their gender-neutral name a few years ago, when they began to consciously identify as non-binary — that is, neither male nor female.
They were in their late 20s, working as an event planner, applying to graduate school. Merriam-Webster acknowledges that "they" consistently has been used a singular pronoun since the late s. While adopting the pronoun as a non-binary description is vastly preferable for some, Merriam-Webster says, there has also been some debate that it is ungrammatical. Merriam-Webster also notes it has evidence in its files of the nonbinary "they" dating back to , and that it's likely there are earlier uses of the non-binary pronoun out there.
Merriam-Webster's latest batch of updates includes new words and meanings added to the dictionary.
To save this word, you'll need to log in. Examples of date in a Sentence Verb She dated a couple guys during college. He only dates younger women.
Merriam-Webster's dictionary is adding a new entry to the definition of the pronoun "they": a way to refer to a nonbinary individual, one who identifies as neither.
CNN Merriam-Webster has officially added the nonbinary pronoun "they" as an entry in its dictionary. Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. More Videos Merriam-Webster announced Tuesday that the word "they" can be used to refer to a single person whose gender identity is nonbinary along with three other separate definitions.
Merriam-Webster uses the word in a sentence as an example: "I knew certain things about They had adopted their gender-neutral name a few years ago, when they began to consciously identify as nonbinary — that is, neither male nor female. They were in their late 20s, working as an event planner, applying to graduate school.
But what happens when we look at the history of words — specifically, at what point certain words first appeared in the English lexicon? Merriam-Webster Dictionary has introduced an online tool called Time Traveler that allows anyone to search words and phrases that first appeared in writing or print the year they were born.
It's a fascinating look at the evolution of the Internet, biomedicine, gender identity, ridiculous pop-culture references, and slang. It also gives us some surprising insights. Enjoying this selection of words from my birth year on the MerriamWebster Time Traveler ImogenRH October 26,
Definition of date written for English Language Learners from the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary with audio pronunciations, usage examples, and.
Learner's Dictionary mobile search. Learner's Dictionary. They announced June 10th as their wedding date. They have not yet set a date for the trial. It's a date. They went to an Italian restaurant on their first date. I'm going out on a date with him tomorrow night. He has a different date every night.
To save this word, you'll need to log in. Log In Synonyms of dating Entry 1 of 2 the series of social engagements shared by a couple looking to get married their dating had been going on for so long that she was starting to wonder if she'd ever take that trip down the aisle Synonyms for dating courting , courtship , lovemaking , suit Words Related to dating wooing affair also affaire , love affair , romance betrothal , engagement dating.
Accessed 23 Aug. Please tell us where you read or heard it including the quote, if possible. Test Your Knowledge – and learn some interesting things along the way. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!
Merriam-Webster's dictionary is adding a new entry to the definition of of MTV's "sexually fluid" season of the dating show "Are You the One?
Laura Roman. Ashley Brown. Alyssa Edes. In the lingo of online dating, submarining begins when someone with whom you have romantic involvement ghosts — or disappears from your life without notice — only to resurface with no apology. Hanna Barczyk for NPR hide caption. When it comes to meeting that special someone, we've gone from IRL to swiping right. Online dating has changed the way people meet and communicate — and as that old saying goes, when you're trying to find bae, communication is key.
As she tinkers with the definition, I ask whether she wants to avoid upward in the aka the definition because webbster the expression being defined is itself an up word. The problems with the reader favorites are typical of many definitions in merriam webster dictionary published date Third: misleading orders of meaning, old-fashioned language, dated or inadequate examples, the absence of senses and uses that have gained currency in the past 50 years.
The American Heritage Dictionary, which has been owned by Houghton merriam webster dictionary published date its debut in , has four full-time lexicographers on publishwd its latest edition, published in , relied on a Rolodex of freelance lexicographers. In , it issued a college-sized dictionary, which has since been expanded and become one of the most popular English dictionaries.
Space, or the limited amount of it, dictoinary why dictionaries employ all sorts of symbols and abbreviations. The book sold well, and lexicographers and linguists mostly praised it.
We Talked to Merriam-Webster About How Slang Words Like "Jawn" Even pre-dating Merriam-Webster, there's a really great 18th-century.
Use dating in a sentence. An example of dating is two people seeing each other exclusively for six months. An example of dating is marking bread loaves with the date they were baked. An example of dating is an antique dealer deciding when a piece of furniture was made. Sentences Sentence examples. By continuing, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Please set a username for yourself. People will see it as Author Name with your public flash cards. The definition of dating is marking, assigning or recording with a date, or showing that something is typical for a certain time period. YourDictionary definition and usage example. Link to this page. MLA Style "Dating. In YourDictionary.
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