Many older houses with suspended timber floors have big draughts and inadequate floor insulation; this can cause cold feet as well as higher energy bills. Installing underfloor insulation can address both these problems and give a payback on your investment in 5 years or less depending on whether you do it as a DIY job or use a professional. This article discusses the options for insulating suspended timber floors and the author's experience of insulating the floors of a 1930's house .
Why insulate a suspended timber floor?
heat loss from draughts through things like gaps in floors, windows, doors, open chimneys and loft hatches.
In a very draughty home, heat loss through draughts can actually exceed the heat loss from the fabric of the building.
Insulating a suspended timber floor can eliminate floor draughts and reduce heat loss through the fabric of the floor at the same time.
Why are some suspended floors cold?
The space under a suspended floor is designed to be well ventilated to avoid the build up of damp. So it is no surprise that the air under the floor is close to the outside air temperature; on the coldest days this air could be below freezing. Properties built after 1920 generally have air bricks built into the external walls to get a good cross flow of air to allow the sub-floor area to be ventilated. Properties built pre-1920 often didn't have air bricks for ventilation or a DPC (Damp Proof Course) so damp may be a problem that needs sorting before you think about floor insulation.
Suspended floors in older houses often have some damage in places; a result of raising floor boards when new central heating pipes were run or the house was rewired.
Note the big gap to let cold air into the room.
Some floorboards can warp over the years creating gaps. The cold air from beneath the suspended timber floor then comes through the damaged floorboards, making the house and your feet feel cold.
Even good condition suspended timber floors can suffer from cold air coming through gaps in the skirting boards. You can see the tell tale staining of the carpet round the skirting boards as air from under the suspended floor continuously flows through the carpet.
Laying a laminate floor in a room can cut out many of the draughts but it will not dramatically reduce heat conduction and it can be a real shame to cover up some splendid wooden floors found in older properties.
Carpets can also make a difference but they are not air tight and they will not fix draughts through the skirting boards. Air can seep through the carpet, even if it has an underlay, bringing with it dirt and dust which can discolour the carpet if it is a light colour and depositing dust on the skirting board. If this is a problem then 3mm thick hardwood sheets can be fixed down under the underlay and carpet.
Gaps between floorboards can be sealed with varnish or sealant and the gap between the skirting boards and the floorboards can be filled with self adhesive foam strips.
We all know that heat rises, so at the same time it is worth thinking about improving loft insulation and also eliminating any draughts through the ceilings. You can get big benefits from making sure that the loft hatch is not leaking hot air into the cold roof space. The combination of cold air through the floors and hot air out of gaps in a loft hatch can lose heat very quickly. If you can feel a strong draught as you go up the stairs then there is probably some opportunity to reduce heat loss upstairs.
insulate from under the floor by using the crawl space underneath (to crawl).
or there is a sufficient gap under the joists to use the crawl space to actually crawl. In practice that means there are about 5 or 6 bricks below the bottom of the joists (38-45cm or 15″-18″ of space).
I have tried both methods and on balance would go for the underfloor insulation option in most cases as it creates far less mess and disruption although it does require you to learn some potholing skills. See Insulating A Suspended Timber Floor From Underneath The Floor. If a house is being refurbished or is empty and the floors are in poor condition then ripping out the existing floors and insulating from above would be easier. Where the crawl space is limited on non existence then you may be forced to remove the floorboards or compromise and go for a less ideal option.
Celotex / Kingspan type PIR thermal insulation board. This comes in various thickness (50mm and 100mm are the most common) and in a variety of sizes (2.4 x 1.2m being the most common).
An U-value is a measure of the thermal insulation of a material with lower U-values being more effective insulators. For a material which is a worse insulator you need a greater thickness of the material to achieve the same U-value as a better insulator.
The PIR thermal insulation board is the best insulator but it can be a bit more expensive. The boards are quite big so to transport them you need a van or lorry or better still get them delivered. They need to be cut to size before installing between the joists. Measuring and cutting them is very easy with a small handsaw outside but it becomes a little more difficult when you are on your back under the suspended floor with a face mask on. The boards are faced both sides with aluminium-foil to form a vapour control barrier to stop damp. Battens fixed under the board hold it in place or a plastic friction fit support can be used. The method of supporting is the same whether done from above the floor or underneath.
Mineral wool insulation comes in roll or batts (slab form). It is cheap but not as good an insulator as PIR thermal insulation board and is a pain to cut to the right size. If you can get the right width to match the joist spacing and the joists are spaced evenly then it can work well.
It the floorboards have been removed then the insulation material is held in place with netting underneath (or a vapour permeable membrane) and then a vapour control layer (VCL) is applied above the joists.
If the work is being done from underneath then the insulation can be held in place with either tongue and groove boards or with a vapour permeable membrane. I have seen examples where netting is used from underneath but this is not considered so effective at eliminating draughts.
Natural materials such as wool are more pleasant to handle than mineral wool and are considered superior for older buildings by those that know (English Heritage) as they allow the floor to "breathe" and buffer the moisture reducing the risk of damp. Where you are fighting lack of underfloor ventilation and the lack of a DPC then this could be the best option. It is installed in a similar way to mineral wool insulation.
After considering the options, I chose PIR thermal insulation board as it was the best insulation that would fit between the 4″ (100mm) thick joists. The first room I tackled was the lounge and decided to take up the floorboards to install it. See See Insulating A Suspended Timber Floor From Above Floor.
We were so pleased with the impact the insulation had on the room I decided to insulate most of the rest of the house (the area accessible from the crawl space). As we had the original oak floorboards in the hall and Amtico vinyl in the kitchen and utility area there was no real option of removing the floorboards. Also I had the opportunity when doing the lounge to explore the crawl space under the rest of the house and realised it was possible to do from underneath. I had built an access panel in the lounge which allowed me to access the crawl space very easily. See Insulating A Suspended Timber Floor From Underneath The Floor.
Hi After reading this article 3 times I have asked for pro advice my local guy and the main problem is not the U-value, but draughts. Also FYI Kingspan can be installed only when you lift the floor than finish with foam (tones of it if the floor is not even, fire proof pink foam). If you do it from under the floor use mineral wool. I have done it this way and the difference is 3-4 degrees in my house on the ground floor, Kingspan is to be used on the walls, it has to be covered with drywall to be safe for fire regulations, so when you will do Home report you may get a surprise, also may not be impressed when it comes to home insurance payout, Only mineral wool is fully non-combustible. Celotex is said to be 30% to 50% cheaper than non-combustible mineral fibre insulation, but is it really worth it? I would suggest to speak to your local council before you do this. Standard plasterboard has a 30 minute fire rating so you can use Kingspan, but your timber floor, just like mine has very poor fire rating, so if the producer of Kingspan didn't design it to be used this way and there is no another plasterboard covering it from both sides be careful and ask for professional opinion before installation. Quality mineral wool will stop draughts as you can push it near walls and will work really well in the cold days and it is much cheaper. Remember to put a net and staple it to hold it nicely. It will also stop air, wind and high air pressure coming with storms and pushing this cold air all the way up to your house.
Do u cover Peterborough at all pe2 8td 1930 bungalow with crawl space of 4ft under floor.roof has been done walls also completed. House is very cold and requires a breathable solution for the floor.
We insulated under our 1800 year old granite farmhouse boarded floor with garden netting and mineral wool when new flooring was put down. Just recently – say 5 years on and we are getting damp floor boards in one gable end room. Could it be the mineral wool touching the wooden boards that's causing the damp? We didn't use any membrane to stop moisture transfer.
Any help appreciated plz before we attempt taking up the boards!
I need to insualte my cellar roof, but the cutting is going to be long and difficult as the joists are different sizes and angles between each one.
Would there be benefit stapling thermal foil to the bottom of the joists? However this would leave a gap still. If it's sealed up well would this provide any benefit?
Thanks in advance. Keep up the good work!
Hi Andy, Thanks for the feedback.
Good luck with the insulation. If access from the cellar is not a problem amd you have problematic angles on the joists it may be worth considering mineral wool with a breathable membrane to support it. Although rigid board is my preferred solution as it offers the best U-Value and it helps to stop air infiltration, it can sometimes be easier to work with something like mineral wool that you can stuff into difficult areas. The membrane supports the wool as well as providing a reduction in draughts. It does create its own challenges in terms of handling and fixing. Using rigid board you do need to fill any big gaps with expanding foam as otherwise you will lose heat via air infiltration. I did use aluminium tape to cover between the joists and the rigid board and this would reduce air infiltration through small gaps.
On your question on thermal foil stapled to the bottom of the joists I'm afraid I haven't got a particular view. Generally low emissivity materials such as foil are used to reduce radiant heat losses in unventilated airspaces such as a cavity (or a small gap as described above). According to CIBSE Guide A (the bible as far as these sorts of things are concerned) in a 25mm unventilated cavity it can increase thermal resistance from 0.19 to 0.50 m2K/W which is a significant improvement. However I have no reference data on ventilated airspaces so suspect the benefit would be marginal with the airflow being the biggest factor. Maybe another commenter with more expertise in this area would be able to offer further insight. I would be slightly nervous of the foil preventing any moist joists from drying out from below but it depends on the dampness and airflow in your cellar.
Hi Stuart. Thanks for your comments. I would struggle to comment on the technical benefit of foam backed radiator reflector. My experience of heat calculations on low emissivity materials is when an air cavity is involved so not sure how to approach it when there is no air gap. I like the idea of draught excluder; that seems a good solution if you run a batten the full length of the insulation edge along the joist. Generally I have just used short battens at 90 degrees to the joist as support for the rigid board and then filled large gaps with expanding foam and taped the joist/board link with aluminium tape but I can see the attraction of running draught excluder it the full length. I think any method that stops air flow (ventilation heat losses) is going to help, whether it's tape or draught excluder.
Thank you for a great article and insight to how to go about the job using different insulation materials and different methods.
Also big thank you to Miles for pointing out issue of thermal bridging through the joists was bugging me for some time.
I was thinking of the solution to thermal bridging and below you will read how I would like to eliminate to certain extent thermal bridging.
The floor to be insulated rests on 4 brick wall supports with gaps here and there to allow for air circulation.
I would like to screw few metal brackets to the walls supporting joists and place PIR board on them. Seal any gaps on the sides with expandable foam. PIR board is underneath and across the joists. There is still about 20cm of space (after fitting PIR board) for the air to circulate u see the floor. Because the PIR board is on supports I would place mineral/natural wool or other on the roll insulation in space between the joists resting on PIR board. Original wooden boards will go back on top and large gaps between the boards closed with pine sleepovers.
Now thermal bridging occurs on much smaller scale and only in places where joists are resting on brick wall supports.
What do you think? Is there a risk of condensation and damp?
I would really appreciate you opinion and thanks again for a great article.
2. After fitting PIR boards there is about 20cm gap for air to circulate underneath the insulation.
Hi Jon, the entire ground floor of our 100 y.o. home was raised some time before we bought it. They used chip board on brick piles for the new floor.. The gap below the raised floor is about 35cm. We want to lay reclaimed floor boards over the chip board to match the upstairs. Your article is really interesting but unfortunately I'm still unsure how best to go about insulating the floor! Any help would be very appreciated.
I am currently renovating a 70's detached property.
Floorboards are all up and new to be installed.
I have read so much and very confused as to the best way to insulate the floor space.
I'm edging towards using netting to support and then rock-wool insulation between the joists.
My confusion is where to put (if any) and what type of membrane to use.
Am i right in thinking to use a breather membrane above the insulation and below the new floorboards?
Or should it be a solid DPM type membrane?
I can appreciate your confusion. The basic idea of a suspended floor with a cavity underneath it is to allow air to circulate over the joists to remove any moisture so the joists stay dry and do not rot. The choice of membrane needs to allow air around joists to escape to the cold side.
a) If you are insulating from above as you describe then you use a membrane to block moisture (what they call a vapour control layer which is impermeable to water) and put it above the insulation and below the new floorboards. When insulating from above this is the only practical way of doing it. So any moist air is removed by airflow from underneath the joists.
b) When insulating from below without removing the floorboards then a vapour permeable membrane is used below the insulation to both retain the insulation and to make sure that it does not lock any moisture into the joist area.
The other big benefit of using either a vapour control layer or a permeable membrane is that they both reduce the airflow through cracks in floorboards; much of the heat in a suspended floor is lost through ventilation or airflow rather than thermal loss through the fabric of the boards.
The benefit of using rockwool as you plan is that you can push it into irregular shaped areas. I personally prefer rigid board type insulation such as Celotex as it has a vapour control layer built in already although any joints would need to be sealed with aluminium tape. However it is more about what you are familiar with and what materials you prefer to work with. If you are in a very old property with a high risk of damp then often sheepswool rather than rockwool is used; although it is much more expensive it provides better insulation when exposed to extreme moisture. Whatever material is used it is important to examine the underfloor area for damp and address these before insulating. Air bricks should be cleared of debris to allow good airflow. Air bricks should be positioned to allow cross ventilation; ideally from all four side of the room so that air flows in one end and out the opposite wall.
I'd like to make a couple of technical points to add to the description above, to help make the choice between different insulation materials.
The first point is that the high performance of PIR type boards make very little difference when the joists are bridging the insulating layer, as drawn so neatly in the article. The timber is a much worse insulator than the PIR, and with 50mm wide joists at 400 centres, 12% of your area is conducting through the joists. Everyone's heard about thermal bridging, but the point here is that it can easily make a mockery of buying expensive "high performance" insulation for the bits between the bridges.
There is a simple formula for the resulting U value of a bridged layer (U= (fractional area 1/R-value for area 1) + (fractional area 2/R-value of area 2)) – if you consider 100mm PIR boards of R~4, and 100mm joists of R~1, then the overall U value of the floor ends up at about 0.34 (neglecting surface resistances and the floorboards themselves). If you had a continuous sheet of 100mm PIR below the joists, the U value of that board alone is 0.25. So the 'bridging' effect has reduced the insulation value by over 25%. Without going through all the numbers, the very high cost of PIR board is very hard to justify if it is being bypassed like this.
The second issue with rigid boards is that getting a leak-free fitting between joists is impossible unless you use expanding PU foam to fill any of the inevitable gaps (I've done this job, and I'm handy, and it's just not realistic to cut a 100mm-thick foam board accurately and dead square to +/- 1mm – and the old joists will NOT be perfect either!). If there are gaps, then the air blows through and your expensive board might as well not be there.
I recommend looking at some of the semirigid rockwool type products like Knauf "earthwool building slabs" – these are springy and self-supporting, cut very well with the same type of 'breadknife' saw that is used for cutting PU boards, and because you can cut them a few mm oversize and they just compress to fit the gap, you can get much easier leak-free fitting with far less effort. They are available in lots of different densities, the heavier ones are designed to have more noise absorbing ability, and are also fireproof (unlike PU or PS). I've no connection with Knauf/others at all, just had a good experience of using this product in this way.
You STILL need a layer of insulation below the joists if you want to prevent bridging, but I really do think that trying to fit PU boards from underneath a floor is a very risky, awkward and expensive option!
PS if you are cutting PU or PIR boards, take GREAT care not to get the dust in your eyes – it is extremely irritant and can really spoil your day.
Thanks for the considered feedback. I totally agree with your comments on the heat loss through the joists, which is going to pull the u-value down whatever insulation material you use. I have yet to see a good way of overcoming this when insulating from above. Even when working from below insulating over the joists is problematic, unless you have very easy access to the underside of the suspended floor from a cellar which is rare in most houses. The reality is that if you have a suspended timber floor then the u-value before insulation is going to be upwards of 1.5 so achieving 0.34 W/m²K is actually quite a result. The precise u-value of the original timber floor alone is a slightly academic debate, as often huge amount of heat will be lost through air infiltration through gaps etc rather than fabric heat loss and insulating reduces both of these.
Using rockwool is a good option, particularly when insulating from above. I think the main debate would be over whether this is more or less airtight than a rigid board material which is gap filled with expanding foam and then taped. I haven't seen any data one way or another but generally when using rockwool the recommendation seems to be to add a vapour control or vapour breathable membrane (depending on which way you are working) and this is partly to reduce air infiltration. This is extra activity and cost. In a refurbishment I would certainly just rip up the floor if it had no aesthetic value, insulate from above and if necessary add a vapour control membrane (rigid boards have this built in) and then replace the floorboards with my preferred floorcovering.
Insulating from under the floor is really only for the adventurous who don't want to destroy existing floor coverings. I don't see many insulation businesses offering this service as it is akin to potholing and tough work, particularly with a mask and goggles. For those undertaking it on their own homes it is more a judgement on which material is easier to work with and will take least time rather than simply material cost. Once you get to know how to use one material then you do get the experience effect. I did consider rockwool for underneath but actually getting a vapour control layer or breathable membrane in place to reduce air infiltration seemed tricky as I was working in cramped conditions with maybe a 45cm space under the floor with a roll of heavy material. You have to work round any existing heating pipes running under the floor as well as getting into cramped spaces. Also you need a way of pushing the rockwool into the space and then keeping it there with gravity working against you. No doubt someone has come up with a good technique for using the breathable membrane from underneath; I would be delighted to hear from those with good solutions for this. Very often people seem to end up with strawberry netting to keep the insulation in place but this does not stop all of the air infiltration and I am not sure how consistent the insulation coverage will be.
First off thanks for making the site and the guide as its a job that i am looking to do in the near future.
To follow on from Miles comments the bridging in the joist will limit the effectiveness of the insulation, but the choice of material does make a large difference in overall U-value of the floor.
Looking at a comparison of 100mm PIR (GA4100 R = 4,5) and 100mm mineral wool (R = 2.6), in a suspended timber floor. Running this though the celotex U-value calculator (mineral wool modelled as 60mm celotex R = 2.7) in accordance with BS 13370:2007.
The results for the suspended floor are 100mm PIR U-value 0.24, and 100mm mineral wool U-value 0.34 (both assuming 12% timber joists).
So the choice of material does actually make a big difference, and buying premium at 1oomm thickness is not at the point of diminished returns.
Installation issues that is another matter!
My question is more about noise reduction. Since new neighbours have moved next door to our 1930s semi the noise really carries, they have ripped all their carpets out, re-wired but not plastered and have a toddler. The running around feels like a constant hammer thumping in our living room.
I am on the path of noise reduction and thought I'd start with the floorboards, I bought expanding foam in the hope of drilling through the floorboards next to the skirting and filling up with foam to block any gaps, but it just fell straight through (and now reading your website, and locating air bricks to the front of the property realise why).
Sorry if this is a silly question but would the semi's share the same floor joists or would the party wall cut through the joists? (if they share the same timberwork then it may explain why the footsteps carry on the ground and second floors) And would I be better off sealing gaps in the floorboards with decorator's filler? I am in the process of carpeting the insides of my cupboards to try and stop the noise!
I can do a bit of DIY and trade-people are scarce or notoriously unreliable in our area so I am looking at doing something basic myself to damp the noise if you can advise.
Hi Chris, thanks for your query.
I don't have much practical experience of this type of issue. I'm guessing that your party wall is solid brick and that the joists in each property are supported by the party wall. Around the 1930s this was often done by having gaps in the brickwork which the joists were placed into for support, rather than a separate sleeper wall. I would be quite surprised if it was one continuous timber between the two properties; there would be extra unnecessary cost and handling issues with having longer timber for no benefit. The joists could be sitting quite close to each other on common brickwork.
I am not sure that decorators filler would really achieve much in terms of noise reduction. You really need to damp the sound in some way. If it were me and most of the sound really is coming through the floor then thermal insulation under the floor would be the way forward.
Noise between solid party walls like this is nothing new; hearing the neighbours conversations through the party wall is a feature of this type of property! There are also various acoustic insulation products that can be applied to the walls – they would normally be covered with plasterboard or another material after installation. See: https://www.wickes.co.uk/Wickes-30mm-Acoustic-Insulation-Slab-3-6m2-Pack-5/p/161189 as an example.
Hope this helps with your quest for a quieter life.
We are currently installing UFH in an early 1970s house, it has suspended floors. We have used the old floorboards to support the PIR insulation board 90mm thick.. The original vents were just below the floorboards so we have had to use periscope style vent to let the air under the insulation board due to the ground level outside. The problem we have is the underside of the boards supporting the insulation is damp. The original vents we found were half blocked due to rockwool that was pumped into the walls but they space was still very dry now since we started to insulate its not. I can add extra vents, where a room had 2 vents I can have 6 in total. Some areas due to the layout of the house we can have vents but cannot get cross flow of air. My questions are the periscope vents as good and will enough air flow. Do we need to install a fan in addition to move the air around. Below the PIR Board is about 14in deep of space. My fear is that once we install the UFH if we have any problems they will be hidden and may cause huge problems in the future. I am sorry now we did not fill the space with cement. A damp board could curve up and damage the UFH pipes and the screed. Once we close up the space we cannot check to see how dry it is. Will the space dry out over time? I am currently using a dehumidifier to remove some of the moisture. I have read about other houses but many have a larger space and have used spray foam. The space will be sealed very tight once the heating system is installed also the floor will then be warm, I assume and this may cause more moisture. I could use a fan at night during the winter months and avail of night rate electricity. It may not need a fan during the summer, I've no idea whats best. Any advice would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks for your comment. In older houses it can be a challenge to insulate to get warmer rooms without creating other problems. By insulating above the suspended floor you have reduced the heat loss through the suspended floor. This is a good thing to do but it does mean that the cavity below the suspended floor is now colder and consequently there is more risk of condensation without adequate air flow via the air-bricks.
I have not seen any airflow data on the advantages of houses using periscopic ventilators but in theory they should be no worse than conventional air bricks and are actually designed to have more airflow. They have the added advantage that they can be raised slightly higher above the ground so they don't get so blocked with earth, foliage or other debris. Having more rather than fewer vents will move the moist air faster so should reduce damp. Your 14″ depth of the space beneath the floor sounds pretty typical and for this depth the advice is that vents should be spaced every 1.5-2m around the outside wall. With all things related to building it does depend on site conditions so if your house is in an area highly protected from winds then I would err towards the 1.5m level. Having airbricks at either end of the underfloor space is the best solution.
Fan's are generally used when the cavity under the floor is bigger as air bricks may not be able to move a big volume of air. They are also used where it is not possible to use the right level of air bricks with cross ventilation. It's hard for me to say what the airflow characteristics of your own space will be but most houses perform well to the above guidance.
A good source of advice on this is actually a pdf document regarding radon solutions in homes which may give you more confidence on deciding whether fans are neccessary.
Hope this helps and all the best with your project. I am sure you will enjoy the warmer rooms.
Nice article, installing underfloor insulation may not be very cost effective or save you money in the long run, but it is certainly very comfortable for people living in the house.


A few weeks ago, I was invited to spend the day in a blue house by the Tigre river, just outside of Buenos Aires. I woke up early and took the train to a small town called Tigre. After a few difficulties (even speaking Spanish, things can be complicated here!), I was on a boat to la Casa Azul aka the Blue House. Each house here has a number, as if the rivers were streets, as well as a name, but people only know the house's names. Numbers are just for decoration it seems!
Hugo's house was indeed blue, and beautiful. Like any other house on the Delta, the place is only reachable by boat, this is because the Delta is a series of islands and swamps where there are no roads whatsoever.
I arrived around 12pm and was very pleased by the positive vibes around the house and its garden. The house itself is great but the garden by the river is an absolute gem. Apart from the fact that it has a private deck and kayaks, it has a slackline and even a couple hammocks! It really is a paradise just 40 minutes by train from Buenos Aires city centre.
Shortly after I arrived, we started getting everything ready for lunch. We prepared a tomato sauce and the dough for the pizza that we were going to cook on the parrilla (aka grill) as well as the provolone cheese, the meat and the vegetables we were going to grill.
The pizza was my favourite part of lunch and the way it was cooked was a first for me. This technique is widely used in Argentina, since it is the country where cooking on the fire and Italian roots are magically combined and it is so yummy!
I had a great time in Hugo's house with the other guests, enjoying a great lunch, but the best moment that day was when, after lunch, Hugo started playing his bandoneon, which is an essential instrument in most tango ensembles. Tigre is such a quiet place that I could really enjoy the sound of Hugo's music. The green surroundings made it even more beautiful.
Want to join Hugo and Séverine next time? Check the dates and book this experience here.
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text:
Land at County Farm (East), Church Field Road
Chilton, Suffolk
Desk-Based Assessment
Bronze Age, Iron Age, Medieval,
This Desk Based Assessment has set the site within the known archaeological landscape through an updated examination of the Historic Environment Record, aerial photographs and a documentary search, adding to the information known from a previous assessment in 1996.
The site of approximately 6.8ha lies to the north-east of Sudbury on an area of high ground, c.55-62m, overlying the Stour valley. The DBA shows that the site is of high potential for archaeological deposits of regional significance.
The site partially includes the site of a Late Bronze Age/Iron Age settlement enclosure of regional importance. This enclosure, where it lies within the site, has already been excavated in full although recent work to the south has demonstrated that settlement evidence extends beyond the confines of the enclosure. A prehistoric trackway which exits the enclosure also potentially crosses the site. This implies that the site as a whole has the potential for prehistoric deposits.
The site also lies in close proximity to the medieval Church of St Mary, an associated medieval green and Chilton Hall. Early medieval settlement evidence has been excavated in an adjacent field and a medieval trackway crosses part of the site. Documentary evidence shows that the PDA has been in agricultural use since at least the 16th century.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to implement a stop button The code below is in java the run button works okay and sends a message to my number when it gets the error i have selected and then it displays the errors in a TextboxArea but the stop button does not end the loop it exits the program.How can i implement the stop button
/*
     * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
     * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
     * and open the template in the editor.
     */
package postilion_error_checker;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.*;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.logging.FileHandler;
import java.util.logging.Handler;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.Initializable;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.ComboBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;

/**
 *
 * @author kithinjid
 */
public class checker_guiController implements Initializable {

  static Logger log;
  static Handler file_handler;
  static Connection conn=null;
  static Statement st=null;
  static ResultSet rs=null;
  static int i = 0;
   int counter=0;
  static boolean checker=true;
   String number;
   String Sink_node;
   String Rsp_code;
   int Respose_code;

    @FXML
    private  TextArea TA;
    @FXML
    private Label label;
    @FXML
    private TextField get_NO;
    @FXML
    private TextArea preview;
    @FXML
    private Button run;
    @FXML
    private Button stop;
    @FXML
    private ComboBox item;
    @FXML
    private ComboBox item2;

    @FXML
   private void handleRUNAction(ActionEvent event)
    {
         scheduled();

        System.out.println("execution started");
        String out="execution started";
        TA.appendText(out+ "\n");
    }
    @FXML
    private void handleButtonAction(ActionEvent event)
    {
         number=get_NO.getText();
         Sink_node=item.getSelectionModel().getSelectedItem().toString();
         Rsp_code=item2.getSelectionModel().getSelectedItem().toString();
         Respose_code=Integer.parseInt(Rsp_code.substring(0, 1));
         preview.appendText("RECEIVER:"+number + "\n");
         preview.appendText("SINK NODE:"+Sink_node + "\n");
         preview.appendText("RESPONSE CODE:"+Rsp_code + "\n");
         preview.appendText("=========================\n");
         get_NO.clear();
    }
    @FXML
    private void handlestopAction(ActionEvent event)
    {
        dbclose();
        System.exit(0);
    }

    @Override
    public void initialize(URL url, ResourceBundle rb)
    {

    }
       private  void dbconnect()
    {
        String username="Postilion";
        String password="Password12";

        String hostname="jdbc:sqlserver://172.16.112.6;databaseName=realtime";
        try
        {
            Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver");
            conn=DriverManager.getConnection(hostname,username,password);
            System.out.println("TIME:"+dateString("MM:dd-HH:mm:ss")+":connected to database");
            String out_data="TIME:"+dateString("MM:dd-HH:mm:ss")+":connected to database";
            TA.appendText(out_data+ "\n");

        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
      }

       private  ResultSet check_00(String query1)
    {
        dbconnect();

        try
        {
        st=conn.createStatement();
        rs=st.executeQuery(query1);
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
        e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return rs ;
    }
       public void dbclose()
       {

           counter=0;
      try {
          conn.close();
          st.close();
      } catch (SQLException ex) {
          Logger.getLogger(checker_guiController.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
      }

       }
  public void scheduled()
    {

    Timer timer=new Timer();
    timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {

    @Override
   public void run()
   {
    while(checker==true)
    {
//    log=logger.getLogger("my logger");
//    try {
//    file_handler=new FileHandler("C:\\Users\\kithinjid\\Google Drive\\interswitch\\NetBeansProjects\\POSTILION_ERROR CHECKER\\dist\\logg.txt");
//    SimpleFormatter formatter=new SimpleFormatter();
//    file_handler.setFormatter(formatter);
//    log.addHandler(file_handler);
//    } catch (IOException ex) {
//    log.info(dateString("HHmmss"));
//    Logger.getLogger(POSTILION_ERROR_CHECKER.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
//    } catch (SecurityException ex)
//    {
//    Logger.getLogger(POSTILION_ERROR_CHECKER.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
////    }
    String query="SELECT TOP 10 [tran_nr]\n" +
"      ,[gmt_date_time]\n" +
"      ,[time_local]\n" +
"      ,[date_local]\n" +
"      ,[sink_node]\n" +
"      ,[rsp_code_req_rsp]\n" +
"      ,[rsp_code_cmp]\n" +
"      ,[rsp_code_rev]\n" +
"  FROM [realtime].[dbo].[tm_trans_10]where sink_node ='"+Sink_node+"' ORDER BY tran_nr desc";
       dbconnect();

    try
    {
      ResultSet result=check_00(query);

       while(result.next()==true)
       {
          //loop for counter and displaying
      int response=Integer.parseInt(result.getString("rsp_code_req_rsp"));
     System.out.println(response);
     TA.appendText(response+ "\n");
     if (response==0)
     {
     counter++;
    if (counter==5)
    {
    System.out.println("TIME:"+dateString("MM:dd-HH:mm:ss")+"--error respose code:91 of count:"+ counter+" to sink node:"+Sink_node);
    String output="TIME:"+dateString("MM:dd-HH:mm:ss")+"--error respose code:91 of count:"+ counter+" to sink node:"+Sink_node;
    TA.appendText(output);
    send_sms(number,output);
    }
     }

       }
         dbclose();
         delay();
         counter=0;
       }catch(Exception e)
       {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
                       // throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
                    }
                    }
   },0,30000);

    }
    public static void delay()
    {
        try
        {
            Thread.sleep(5 * 60 * 1000);
        }catch(Exception e)
        {

        }
    }
    private static String dateString(String formart)
    {
        DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(formart);
        java.util.Date date = new java.util.Date();
        return dateFormat.format(date);
    }
     public static void send_sms(String receiver, String text)
    {

        String app_name="Postilion_Error_checker";
        String sender_ID="VERVE";
        String user_Name="PostilionErrorChecker";
        String pass_word="Post4334dild";
       String output=sendSMS(receiver,text, app_name, sender_ID, null,user_Name, pass_word);
       System.out.println(output);
    }
      private static String sendSMS(java.lang.String recipient, java.lang.String text, java.lang.String appName, java.lang.String senderID, java.lang.String reference, java.lang.String userName, java.lang.String password) {
        org.tempuri.SMSGatewayWs service = new org.tempuri.SMSGatewayWs();
        org.tempuri.SMSGatewayWsSoap port = service.getSMSGatewayWsSoap();
        return port.sendSMS(recipient, text, appName, senderID, reference, userName, password);
    }
}

this is the image of the program when running

A: First of all that is java. Your project structure must represent something big, a- a business, a factory or even whole city with all its ecosystems. For now you have one brick and your brick is about 10 times bigger than the normal. Read about the SINGLE RESPONSIBILITY PRINCIPLE and you will start to implement the things much easier. Ok that was a nice off topic, and for your Question:
System.exit() will kill your JVM so usually developers stay away from it. But if you insist on it- you can use it for "exit"/"close" button.
I see you have a recursive method. Maybe there should be an exit criteria with something like this:
if(isStopped)return

and replace your
System.exit()

with
isStopped = true;

and at the top of your class declare it as static for your first version.
public static boolean isStopped = false;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


HomeNew releasesScallywag celebrates 70 dog years!
Douglas Laing, celebrating their 70th anniversary launched today the Scallywag 10 years old limited edition.
The very first Scallywag whisky was launched in 2013. A Cask Strength Edition came in 2015. Douglas Laing's Scallywag has since then been seen in many editions and they are always released in small batches. We have seen Scallywag celebrating Christmas, twice, with Scallywag The Red-Nosed Reindeer and this year he was also celebrating the Chinese New Year with Scallywag The Year of the Dog.
Back to the whisky. It has been bottled at 46%, without colouring or chill-filtration. The vatting is 100% matured in sherry butts. It is described as "… a Malt Whisky with notes of rich cocoa, stewed plums and sweet mocha.". It is officially launched today but is expected in stores later this week, or early next week.
Cask Orkney 18 yo Limited Edition!


Understanding what you want to achieve will drive key objectives and determine why you want to engage with B2BE. So, what do you want to achieve?
B2BE's clients engage with B2BE for a number of reasons. Some reasons are as simple as looking for an EDI solution to be able to trade with your clients whereas others are more complex solutions that will cross a number of different organisational functions and need to deliver a range of functional components.
When B2BE initially engages with a client it is always a good starting point to understand where our client wants to go and how B2BE can help them get there. In many cases it's something small or for a specific need but inevitably there is a grander plan or it will grow and evolve organically over time into a much larger solution.
Understanding this at the outset helps tailor the solution and gives B2BE the ability to guide our clients from the outset so initial designs can be expanded upon more readily.
B2BE sees our client's needs falling into four clear areas and B2BE will work with our clients toward these goals.
The overriding principle of the B2BE products and services is to improve visibility, and therefore control and buy in, to produce a collaborative environment.
B2BE works with our clients in several key areas to improve processes, visibility, collaboration and efficiency. However, the key is, B2BE's products and solutions deliver a return on investment.


Make your skin glow with our facials.
We can create a tailor-made facial.
With a wide range of rejuvenating treatments for all skin types, across selected salons, we can create a tailor-made facial just for you. Our expert therapists use the latest technology and spa products, to give your skin the pampering it deserves. We offer a range of essential facials for hydration, nourishment and quick skin pick-me-ups, a selection of relaxation facials, which incorporate massage and release tension, and a range of cosmetic facials that use high-tech apparatus, to produce longer lasting non-surgical effects.
Available in selected salons, our essential facial is the quick way to make your skin feel great and give your face a healthy glow. We have a range of treatments for deep cleansing, hydration and advanced skin nourishment for every type of complexion. And, after a brief skin assessment, you'll receive a bespoke treatment based on your own specific skin type. So you can escape the hustle and bustle of everyday life, and emerge from the salon feeling fresh and rejuvenated.
Many of our salons offer a relaxing facial massage, with hands-on treatment for total skin hydration and relaxation. Our therapists will take the time to pamper your face and relieve the tension in your facial muscles. The massage incorporates deep cleansing and advanced skin nourishment for all skin types, to leave your face feeling supple and replenished from the inside out. The treatment is designed to be good for your face, as well as your overall sense of wellbeing.
We have a range of advanced cosmetic treatments in numerous salons, offering impressive results and improvements in skin quality, without invasive plastic surgery. We offer a range of modern treatments, including Microdermabrasion, which removes the upper layer of dead skin, using tiny rough grains, to reveal the smoother skin that lies below. Skin Peels work in much the same way, using chemicals to gently erode the dead surface layer, revealing the younger looking skin underneath. Another popular treatment is contouring, which uses advanced apparatus to iron out facial contours and wrinkles.
Your skin is important. Great skin is a sign of great health and a facial deeply enriches your pores."


text:
Home / Archive / More Freeview retunes for the Anglia TV region
More Freeview retunes for the Anglia TV region Reviewed by RXTV-newsdesk on June 04, 2018 Rating: 5
More Freeview retunes for the Anglia TV region
June 04, 2018 Archive Edit
Changes to the frequencies used by Freeview will force viewers in parts of the Anglia TV region to retune this week.
As a result, overnight interruptions to Freeview are expected during the early hours of Wednesday 6th June in the affected areas. This will also affect viewers with TV services from BT, TalkTalk, Plusnet or EE.
Norfolk and North Suffolk will be affected by changes at the region's main TV transmiter at Tacolneston and a number of relays including King's Lynn and West Runton (for Sheringham and Cromer). A retune will be required to restore channels.
Meanwhile, viewers in Luton, Kimpton and Dallington Park in the west of the Anglia TV region will be affected by changes at local relay transmitters. Cambridge's local TV service That's Cambridge will also be changing frequency on the morning of the 6th June, prompting a retune for some households.
The changes follow a Government decision to clear some current TV frequencies for future 5G mobile services. Since last year, Freeview frequencies are being changed on a region-by-region basis, in a programme that will continue until mid 2020.
Viewers are advised to do a full retune to restor channels. Functions such as 'add channels' on some older devices may not restore services, such devices may need the 'first time installation' or 'factory reset' option.
Work is due to commence during the early hours of Wednesday 6th June 2018, when viewers will lose access to Freeview services whilst engineers make the changes. The work will be complete by 6am in most areas. Relays are subject to longer downtimes, which could last into the afternoon.
Further change dates
A further change will affect Norwich local TV channel That's Norfolk on the 17th July, when it will change frequencies from the Tacolneston transmitter. That change was originally due to take place at the same time as other channels, but was postponed after delays in clearing frequencies in neighbouring regions.
Viewers in Linnet Valley will see changes to their Freeview relay service on 19th July, also postponed from this week. Changes from Bedfordshire's Sandy Heath transmitter, also serving parts of Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire, originally scheduled for 6th June are postponed until 17th July.
Meanwhile, Freeview users in Mid and South Suffolk and North Essex will see changes to their Freeview service on the 1st August 2018.
Viewers who are unable to restore Freeview channels following a retune can contact the Freeview Advice Line on 0808 100 0288.
Detailed breakdown of changes
UHF channel numbers referred to here are frequency related, not actual TV channel numbers. You may need the UHF number for manual tuning purposes.
Channels are grouped into bundles called multiplexes, which is why several channels are always affected by changes.
TACOLNESTON
Serving most of Norfolk and North Suffolk
The multiplex carrying the main BBC channels moves from UHF 55 to 40.
The multiplex carrying ITV, C4 and C5 among others moves from UHF 59 to 43.
The multiplex carrying the main 5 channels in HD moves from 50 to 46.
The multiplex carrying channels including Yesterday, Talking Pictures and 5SPIKE moves from UHF 39+ to 39 (most receivers should not be affected by this minor change)
The multiplex carrying BBC News HD among others moves from 55 to 31. Only receivable in some areas.
Burnham relay
All Freeview channels broadcast from this relay are changing frequencies. New UHF numbers: 29 (BBC), 31 (ITV, C4, C5), 37 (HD)
Gorleston on Sea
HD channels are changing frequency to UHF 30.
There will also be a power increase to the signal.
King's Lynn (Sandringham)
All Freeview channels broadcast from this relay are changing frequencies. New UHF numbers: 41 (BBC), 44 (ITV, C4, C5), 47 (HD).
Norwich Central
Overstrand
West Runton (for Sheringham and Cromer)
BBC standard definition channels and the main commercial channels are changing frequencies. New UHF numbers: 31 (BBC), 37 (ITV, C4, C5)
CHANGES IN THE WEST OF THE ANGLIA TV REGION
Madingley (for Cambridge)
The multiplex carrying That's Cambridge, Tiny POP and TruTV among others is moving to UHF 35 and being increased in power.
Dallington Park
All Freeview channels broadcast from this relay are changing frequencies. New UHF numbers: 23 (BBC), 26 (ITV, C4, C5), 30 (HD). There will also be a power increase.
Data from Digital UK and Ofcom. Simplified data prepared for a516digital.


text:
'The Port of Algiers' Lithograph by Albert Marquet (circa 1940s)
Add to Cart • £760
'The Port of Algiers", original lithograph, by Albert Marquet (circa 1940s). Marquet spent five years in Algiers, between 1940-45. Due to his travelling, harbour scenes were an important subject in Marquet's oeuvre, which revealed his interest in depicting the light reflections on the water surface. This image appears to be a view of the harbour from the Hotel de l'Europe where he may have stayed. This lithograph was discovered at auction in France whose seller was a family member of the artist. It is unsigned. In very good vintage condition - newly framed and glazed. Upon request a video of the artwork will be provided.
About the Artist: Albert Marquet (1875 - 1947), born in Bordeaux, went to Paris at the early age of fifteen to begin a thorough training as an artist. He studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where he met Henri Matisse in 1890. Matisse became a lifelong friend; both artists were accepted in Gustav Moreau's painting class in 1897.
Marquet's first paintings of this period, with their decorative, bright colours, are strongly influenced by the Fauves. He participated in a group exhibition with Matisse, Derain and Vlaminck at the Salon d'Automne in 1905. In the following year Albert Marquet travelled extensively through France and finally also visited Germany, Holland, North Africa, Russia and Scandinavia. Between 1940 and 1945, Albert Marquet lived in Algiers. He only returned to Paris permanently in 1945, two years before his death. The artist developed his own style, which was influenced by his varied impressions during his travels, around 1910 and adhered to it up to his death. His painting style continued the tradition of Impressionism. Marquet dispensed with pure colours and began painting in a reserved, linear style. Paintings of the harbours of Marseilles, Rouen, Algiers and Le Havre, but also of Venice, Naples and Hamburg came into being, but he also painted views of the Seine in Paris at various times of day and in different seasons. They reveal the artist's fondness of a grey, misty or rainy atmosphere, which brings out the thinly applied paint in light shades of grey and black in an impressive manner.
Dimensions with frame:
H 43 cm / 16.9"
W 52.5 cm / 20.7"
Dimensions without frame:
H 28 cm / 11"
W 38 cm / 15"


text:
How Meghan Markle has 'loosened up' since leaving the UK – with California style
by Arthur · November 1, 2022
Since taking a step back from royal life in January 2020, Meghan Markle has undergone another style transformation, according to fashion coach and celebrity stylist Miranda Holder. Miranda Holder is a fashion coach known for her viral TikTok style videos posted under the username @themirandaholder 'Your Feel Good Fashion Coach'.
"If you look back, she's had quite a style evolution," Miranda told Express.co.uk. "She was initially a little girl next door, but with a California casual look and easy breezy style.
"And then she got more polished as she got into the public eye. Now she's moved back to California, so her style has loosened up a little bit again and become a little more California-appropriate.
"We see more jeans and crisp white shirts, whereas she wore more tailoring when she was a working member of the royal family."
At the 2020 Invictus Games, held in 2022, Meghan's style was noticeably more smart-casual compared to royal events she had attended in the past.
READ MORE: Prince Harry is "not happy" with Meghan's "itchy" behavior
Later in the week, she lifted a pair of straight leg jeans with an ivory belted jacket and a pair of Manolo Blanik Pumps. Another piece of signature style that emerged was her camel coat, which Miranda said can instantly transform an outfit.
"She loves the camel coat," Miranda said. "The camel coat can instantly transform an outfit to make it appropriate for a night out or for an office environment.
"She sometimes even wears it over sportswear sometimes and suddenly she looks chic."
Even in her most glamorous outfits, simplicity remains key for Meghan, both in her accessories and color choices. "Meghan tends to go more for neutrals," Miranda explained. "More and more over the last couple of years, she's really gone for black and white or versions of."
See also Diablo 4 takes darkness to a new level
In September, at the one-year countdown to the Invictus Games in Germany, it was the cut of Meghan's outfit that really showed her move towards a more relaxed lifestyle.
She opted for a pair of loose-fitting cream trousers from Brandon Maxwell and a halter-style ivory knit from Annie Bing, a contemporary choice rarely seen on royals.
"I think with Megan it's quality over quantity," Miranda explained. "She favors a variety of designers, a lot of American brands these days, and some high-street or contemporary designers. She just goes for the cut and the neutral colors."
Accessories also remain simple yet elegant. Miranda said: "Accessories are minimal and very well chosen to compliment but not overpower.
"She never tries any particularly overpowering or overbearing trends there. "She loves the classic tan, the camel coat and the shoes, the bags, maybe a pair of sunglasses and a belt. But it's really about the woman rather than the clothes with Megan."


Updated July 2018! Keep special education financial information at your fingertips!
This quick reference covers local, state, and federal revenue sources, budgeting, allowable expenditures, fiscal compliance, and account codes.
Also available as a printed version.
Quick Reference Special Education Funding was developed by Linda McDaniel. Linda is a Special Education Specialist at Region 13. She has over thirty-five years' experience in various special education positions in public and private schools in Texas. She has served as a Special Education Director, Grants Manager, and in other leadership roles at the campus and central office level. Additionally, since joining Region 13 ten years ago, Linda has supported Special Education Directors, Business Directors, and Charter Administrators with special education funding, budgeting and grants administration, federal fiscal compliance, and legal/procedural compliance. She served as the Lead Project Director with three other ESC consultants to develop comprehensive Special Education Funding Training modules used statewide. She was the major developer of the original Quick Reference to Special Education Funding and is proud to now offer an updated version.


text:
Aashka Merchant
Executive Operations Specialist • Executive Office • Department Head
Aashka, in her capacity as Executive Operations Specialist, works with the Executive Director, the Board of Directors and the Executive Team to ensure that all executive operations function smoothly and in sync.
Aashka started her career as a professional intern (as she likes to call it!) working with the World Affairs Council, the UN World Food Programme, and finally, AIUSA, where she's been ever since!
Aashka received her undergraduate degree from Temple University in Philadelphia and her masters degree from St. John's University in Rome, Italy–she wonders why she moved back to NY every day!


text:
Slavíčský tunel nebo také Ferdinandův tunel je technická památka, která se nachází v obci Slavíč. Jedná se o opuštěný železniční tunel, který je 258,9 metrů dlouhý a 6 metrů vysoký.

Historie
Trať měla být původně vedena v zářezu hlubokém 12 m, kvůli nestabilnímu geologickému podloží navrhl vrchní inženýr Karel Hummel vybudování otevřeného tunelu v délce 258,9 m. V srpnu 1845 byl projekt schválen a zahájena stavba z kamenných kvádrů s portály završenými atikovými nástavci. Tunel byl dán do provozu v roce 1847 jako součást úseku Lipník nad Bečvou – Bohumín na Severní dráze císaře Ferdinanda (nyní součást trati Přerov–Bohumín). Tunel fungoval obousměrně až do roku 1873. Byla postavena druhá kolej na jih od obce, po této koleji se jezdilo do Bohumína. Do Rakouska se jezdilo stále tunelem. Tunel chátral a společnost nechtěla do tunelu příliš investovat, postavila druhou kolej ke koleji z roku 1873. To se stalo roku 1895. Tunel patřil drahám až do roku 1925, kdy byl převeden po správu obce Slavíč. V následujících sto letech byl tunel využíván mj. jako skladiště brambor a v 60. letech 20. století se dokonce uvažovalo o jeho znovu zprovoznění vedením třetí koleje hlavní tratě.

Zajímavost
Panuje legenda, že byl tunel postaven na příkaz císaře Ferdinanda I., který prý řekl, že železnice bez tunelu není železnice. Tato informace se však nezakládá na pravdě. Podobnou lež zopakovali autoři celostátního filmového týdeníku v roce 1963 v rubrice Náš fejeton, kde tunel propagandisticky posloužil k nepřímému tepání dobových nešvarů svou závěrečnou větou: "Ruku na srdce, milí přátelé – nestavíte i vy ještě dneska někdy někde podobné tunely?"

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Josef Petrák, Juraj Kováč: Posvítili jsme si na opuštěný tunel, ŽelPage, 7. května 2009 (včetně fotogalerie)

Neprovozní železniční tunely v Česku
Železniční trať Přerov–Bohumín
Stavby v Hranicích (okres Přerov)
Doprava v Hranicích (okres Přerov)
Kulturní památky v okrese Přerov
Technické památky v Olomouckém kraji

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package uk.ac.man.cs.llvm.ir.types;

public final class PointerType implements Type {

    /* This must be mutable to handle circular references */
    private Type type;

    public PointerType(Type type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof PointerType) {
            return type.equals(((PointerType) obj).type);
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return type.hashCode();
    }

    public Type getPointeeType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setPointeeType(Type type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    @Override
    public int sizeof() {
        return Long.BYTES;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("%s*", type);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
All of 1993's films reviewed in an A to Z guide. Janine Turner on hanging out with Sly Stallone in Cliffhanger. Kevin Kline talks about his mate Dave. Christian Bale on Swing Kids. John Sayles talks about Passion Fish. Wesley Snipes takes on the Demolition Man. Sydney Pollack talks about his big hit, The Firm. It's a True Romance for Christian Slater, Patricia Arquette and Tony Scott. On location with hit comedy, Staggered. Plus, our readers survey of British cinema.
Sylvester Stallone - Demolition Man; Sigourney Weaver on Dave: Mario Van Peebles; Annabella Sciorra
Sean Connery - Rising Sun; Meg Ryan; Holly Hunter - The Piano; Harrison Ford is The Fugitive
Tom Cruise on The Firm; Tom Hanks on Sleepless in Seattle; Charlie Sheen
Special #4,
The video movie guide for 1993, to rent and to buy. Kyle MacLachlan is hot on the Trail. Muscles to rival Van Damme, Oliver Gruner talks tough. Alan Menken, composer of Beauty and the Beast on Disney magic. Leslie Caron, star of Gigi and An American in Paris, talks about Damage. Brandon Lee, son of Bruce Lee, in an exclusive interview taken shortly before his death. Phil Collins banging on about Hollywood. Michael Biehn is back to Earth in Deadfall.
Sam Neill on Jurassic Park & The Piano; Schwarzenegger on The Last Action Hero; Whoopi Goldberg
Richard Attenborough on Jurassic Park; Johnny Depp; Kenneth Branagh and Emma Thompson on Much Ado About Nothing
Bridget Fonda; Stallone on Cliffhanger; Jeff Bridges and Kiefer Sutherland on The Vanishing
Christian Slater; Jean Claude Van Damme on Nowhere to Run; Andie MacDowell on Groundhog Day
Chris O'Donnell on Scent of a Woman; Willem Dafoe - Body of Evidence; Danny Devito
Steve Martin; Mel Gibson; Al Pacino on Scent of a Woman; the Oscar Nominations; Jack Nicholson is Hoffa
An in-depth review of all the videos available to rent and buy at the time of publication. Also, James Wilby battles to make The Immaculate Conception. Moira Kelly on The Cutting Edge, Twin Peaks and nudity. Tara Morice does it backwards in high heels in Stricly Ballroom. From Fatal Attraction to Patriot Games - is Anne Archer really as hard as Nails? Jeff Wincott, the Martial Arts star whose acting is a chop above the rest. Veteran James Bond director, John Glen on directing Christopher Columbus. Plus features on Widsreen TV, Laser Discs, Censor ratings, Hi-Fi's and Piracy.
Robert Redford - A River Runs Through It; Nicolas Cage; Spike Lee's Malcolm X; Steven Seagal
Gary Oldman on becoming the Count in Bram Stoker's Dracula. Chaplin - Sir Richard Attenborough and Robert Downey Jr. speak for the defence of their biopic. Reservoir Dogs - Quentin Tarantino and Harvey Keitel on a meeting of minds in this guerilla-style pulp fiction. Soft Top, Hard Shoulder - Peter Capaldi on taking to the road. Plus the widescreen revival on video, and John Hughes on Home Alone 2.
Meryl Streep turns head in Death Becomes Her; plus Richard Attenborough, Michael Caine, Macaulay Culkin


GLENN: 888 727 BECK, 888 727 BECK is the phone number, and I have to we were just talking off the air about, I have Michael Bublé's new CD and it's fantastic and if you are a long time listener to the program, you know Michael's been on the program a few times, been on the television show with us, and he's a great guy. But I want to give him full permission to claim that we have never met. And even if we did meet at one point or we did, you know, we were seen together, he hates my guts because I think I'm poison now for people like Michael Bublé. God bless him. So remember, Michael, you met me he was crazy. He wasn't even making sense. I just, I just try to play long, just make him go away. Go ahead, I got it, I got it. Between you and me, his new CD is well worth the price. Download it on iTunes or grab it. It's really, really good.
So now this weekend I get a tweet from somebody who is retweeting something that Scott Baio had written. Somebody was saying something about him and he was like, you know, you shouldn't follow me because I'm a fan of Glenn Beck. And so I see these tweets going back and forth where they're starting to bash Scott Baio for saying that he likes me and I'm like, oh, boy. And so I decided to tweet, good job, Scott Baio. And then it got ugly. And so I wanted to get Scott on the phone. Hey, Scott, how are you?
BAIO: Things are, things are well, Glenn. How are you? It's a pleasure to talk to you.
GLENN: Good talking to you. You know that's the way usually people start with after they've been seen with me or they've stuck up for me or something. You'll say, how are things? And they'll go, well, you know, things are pretty, you know, things are pretty good.
BAIO: I'm actually just half asleep in my bed. It's raining here. No, but I watched you. Was it CNN or MSNBC you were on before?
GLENN: Good God almighty it was CNN.
BAIO: I watched you there. So yeah, I've been a fan for a while.
GLENN: Did you what is your life like now that you have said that you're a fan? Because I've seen some of the some of the stuff that comes in to me, you know, from death threats, you know, all the way.
GLENN: Did you expect the kind and are you, first of all, are you getting nasty tweets now about you?
BAIO: I get nasty tweets for saying nothing.
GLENN: Who's like on Twitter, I'm going to take Scott Baio down?
GLENN: I get nasty tweets and I do a show nobody likes. But no, it doesn't bother me. I've been doing this, Glenn, since I'm a little boy and people have been talking bad about me since I'm a little boy. And it's okay. It's part of the game that I'm in. And at a certain point, you know how's your daughter, by the way, Glenn?
GLENN: You know, really good. And I understand we have something in common. You have a daughter of special needs as well.
BAIO: No, I don't. But we have a our daughter was falsely diagnosed with a metabolic disorder when she was very young, but she's healthy and fine. And we started a foundation called the Bailey Baio Angel Foundation which deals with metabolic disorders. And anyway, so my life that stuff doesn't bother me. I speak my mind. I speak my mind at my work and it doesn't affect me. But what I wanted to tell you is that's when I knew you were a good guy and it didn't matter what people said about me in terms of me watching you, when you choked up on television talking about your daughter. And I just thought, oh, man. And I wouldn't have gotten that until I had my own daughter.
BAIO: That's what I meant to say.
GLENN: Don't you think if I'm acting, don't you think I deserve an Emmy?
BAIO: Yeah, I thought you were really good.
GLENN: Seriously I said the other day, I demand a damn Emmy. Put your money where your mouth is. If I'm acting, then I deserve a damn Emmy.
BAIO: You were really good.
BAIO: But anyway, it doesn't bother me.
GLENN: How long have you been, if I may, how long have you been "Out" as a conservative?
BAIO: Well, my wife, I campaigned for Reagan, for Bush 41, and so as far back you know, I've been thinking this way since I can remember. This is how I was raised. This is the neighborhood I grew up in. There's certain beliefs that I have.
GLENN: Where do you live now?
GLENN: Where do you live?
BAIO: I live in L.A.
GLENN: Good God almighty, what is wrong with you?
BAIO: Yeah, I know. It's pretty hairy out here.
BAIO: Where are you, Philly or New York?
GLENN: I'm in New York.
GLENN: Hang on just a wait a minute. I've got to go back to that. Why would you go against the grain on what you believe in?
BAIO: No, no. They felt that what I believed was against the grain.
GLENN: Yeah, but what difference does the grain make if you believe in something?
BAIO: Well, I don't know. And my argument was I thought I was the grain.
BAIO: Were things that I grew up with. I believe in the military. I believe in people doing for themselves, which is what I was taught as a boy. You provide for yourself; don't look for anybody. I believe in keeping what you make, or most of it. And I believe in killing bad guys.
GLENN: See, that's the problem. That is the grain of America. But too many people see dismiss those, depending on what their party says they're for. The parties mean nothing. The candidates mean nothing. It's the grain. And if the candidate is for the grain, then okay, that's my guy.
BAIO: Right. And my problem really is with both sides, Glenn, as it is yours. I had a problem with Bush. And I met him, and I agree with a lot of what he did and I disagree with a lot of what he did. But I don't want people telling me what I and I don't care which party you belong to, independent, Republican, Democrat, the kook party, it doesn't matter to me. As long as what you're telling me is real and it's the truth and it's something that I can say, you know what, I agree with this guy on you know, it's like buying a house. If you can get seven out of the ten things you want in a house, you buy it. And this is what you're going to get with politicians.
GLENN: Let me make a recommendation. If you're in Los Angeles, I don't care if you get eleven out of ten things, don't buy the house.
GLENN: Scott Baio, the name of your foundation is what again?
BAIO: Bailey Baio Angel Foundation. It's for children with metabolic disorders, which is a sort of small community, and we've had it for about a year or so. And it's just to bring awareness to metabolic to expanded newborn screening and to people with metabolic disorders. That's the short of it.
GLENN: Scott, best of luck to you, man. Sorry for the hassle and you'll learn your lesson. Don't tweet about me anymore.


text:
Q: PHP Converting from XML to JSON with a SimpleXML object. Array with  tag causing issues We are using SimpleXML to try and convert XML to JSON, and in turn convert to a PHP object, so that we can compare out Soap API with our Rest API. We have a request that returns quite a lot of data, but the part in question is where we have a nested array.
The array is returned with the  tag in XML, however we do not want this translated into the JSON.
The XML that we get is as follows:
                  <apns>
                     <item>
                        <apn>apn</apn>
                     </item>
                  </apns>

So when it is translated into JSON it looks like this:
{"apns":{"item":{"apn":"apn"}}
In reality, we want SimpleXML to convert to the same JSON as in our Rest API, which looks like the following:
{"apns":[{"apn":"apn"}]}
The array could contain more than one thing, for example:
                  <apns>
                     <item>
                        <apn>apn</apn>
                     </item>
                     <item>
                        <apn>apn2</apn>
                     </item>
                  </apns>

Which I'm assuming will just error in JSON or have the first one overwritten.
I'd expect SimpleXML to be able to handle this natively, but if not has anyone got a fix that doesn't involve janky string manipulation?
TIA :)

A: A generic conversion has no possibility to know that a single element should be an array in JSON.
SimpleXMLElement properties can be treated as an Iterable to traverse sibling with the same name. They can be treated as an list or a single value.
This allows you to build up your own array/object structure and serialize it to JSON.
$xml = <<<'XML'
<apns>
  <item>
    <apn>apn1</apn>
  </item>
  <item>
    <apn>apn2</apn>
  </item>
</apns>
XML;

$apns = new SimpleXMLElement($xml);

$json = [
    'apns' => []
];
foreach ($apns->item as $item) {
    $json['apns'][] = ['apn' => (string)$item->apn];
}

echo json_encode($json, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT);

This still allows you to read/convert parts in a general way. Take a more in deep look at the SimpleXMLElement class. Here are method to iterate over all children or to get the name of the current node.

A: I hope this code is useful as a template to what your after, the problem is that it's difficult to know if this is the only instance of what your trying to do...
What this does is first looks for any nodes which have a item/apn structure underneath using XPath (//*[item/apn] says any node //* with the following nodes underneath).
Then it loops through these items and adds new <apn> nodes underneath the start node (the <apns> node in this case) from each <item> with the value ($list->addChild("apn", (string)$item->apn);.
Once the nodes are copied it removes all of the <item> nodes (unset($list->item);).
$input = '<apns>
                     <item>
                        <apn>apn</apn>
                     </item>
                     <item>
                        <apn>apn2</apn>
                     </item>
                  </apns>';

$xml = simplexml_load_string($input);
$itemList = $xml->xpath("//*[item/apn]");

foreach ( $itemList as $list ) {
    foreach ( $list->item as $item )  {
        $list->addChild("apn", (string)$item->apn);
    }
    unset($list->item);
}

echo $xml->asXML();

gives...
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<apns>

                  <apn>apn</apn><apn>apn2</apn></apns>

and
echo json_encode($xml);

gives...
{"apn":["apn","apn2"]}

If you just want the last value, then you can just keep track of the last value and set the new element outside the inner loop...
$itemList = $xml->xpath("//*[item/apn]");

foreach ( $itemList as $list ) {
    foreach ( $list->item as $item )  {
        $apn = (string)$item->apn;
    }
    $list->addChild("apn", $apn);
    unset($list->item);
}


Paul comes to us having worked at several Fortune 500 companies including Chase Manhattan Bank, Fleet Financial Group, and Raytheon Company. He has a B.S. in Finance and an MBA in Management, both from Bryant University. Paul has been with The Belknap White Group since 1997 and has held positions of increasing responsibility from Controller to Chief Financial Officer to EVP & General Manager. As President, Paul oversees all Belknap related operations and is responsible for achieving the company's annual financial goals. He is an integral part of Belknap's board of directors and a member of their executive committee. Paul also serves on the Mancini Consulting Group's Corporate Development Group which oversees and gives direction to the family-owned multi-state beverage and flooring distribution businesses, a real estate investment holding company and an equity investment portfolio.


Space out experimental electronic and visual fest!
A psychedelic evening of experimental, electronic music and visuals. dj sets-Bob Diesel, Visuals-Vidumami, doors at 6:30pm, show ends at 1am, all ages, $10. Set times tba, stay tuned for more magic!
We are Womxn of THE VOID. Muses, poets, artists, and all-around magical beings; We are the voices of the revolution, turning darkness into light.
AERONAUT presents: Moon Villain x Curious Sound Objects!
"Bombastic and not to be missed this show is from top to bottom."
New England's only party dedicated and catering to all the rad lil underground genres of electronic music and internet subculture.
CAKE FACTORY IS DANCING AND TECHNO FOR EVERYONE.
Come hang out with us, and support cool local electronic music artist!
Come let your freak flag fly for this special ménage à trois by Sweat Equity, Cake Factory, and Evlv Tech. Dark beats and dark basements promise to allow your mind and body to be swallowed into Dark Matter.
All ages! Come dance and celebrate the new year with an AMAZING line up of DJs and live music for a party fundraiser for student activists mobilizing against Trump and all social injustices which his presidency represents!!
Techno in a cake factory. For a whole year now! With actual cake.
Techno in a cake factory.


text:
Q: Shell Open Command sends file path with white space removed I'm trying to register an application I've built as a default program for a file that it works with.
I've updated the registry keys as necessary, and have even been able to get it to work once...
However now I'm noticing it's sending a few different command arguments, where at first (when it prompted me for which item to open with), it just sent one.
Currently, it sends the following arguments:
-Path for the EXE being launched
-File being opened
-\Control[File name without path]
My app is looking at that second argument, and trying to open it.
The problem is it doesn't contain any spaces that existed in my file path.
For example, it's sending a file location of C:\Program Files (x86)\ as C:\ProgramFiles(x86).
So when I then check if the file exists, or try to read from that path, it doesn't exist, as it doesn't contain the necessary specifics.

A: I found out the reason was that my registry key was calling "Program To Execute.exe" %1 , when it needed to have quotes around the %1 bit.
After putting in the quotes around the commandline argument, it began working correctly.


Loeb & Loeb LLP is proud to announce that partner Scott Liebman will be speaking in DIA's Marketing Pharmaceuticals 2016, taking place March 3-4, 2016 at the Bethesda North Marriott Hotel & Conference Center in North Bethesda, MD.
This conference, conducted annually since 1989, continues to be a must-attend event for anyone involved with the marketing, advertising and promotion of pharmaceuticals, veterinary products, biologics, and medical devices. This conference should be attended by each and every member of a company's entire promotional review team, including the regulatory, marketing, medical information, medical affairs, legal, public relations and corporate communications teams. Understanding the complexity of marketing and how to promote products in an effective yet compliant manner has never been as important.


This one is another use of the almighty Custom summary formula (CSF) in Salesforce reports. Use them – they don't bite!
To appreciate the solution, I hereby request all my readers to try to solve/create the report (described in the use-case below) themselves before jumping to see the solution.
The challenge here is to create the desired bar graph that must contain moving average and current month values grouped by opportunity owner. A combination of joint report and CSFs is what I have used to solve this case.


text:
Yurenia takes both 1000m & 5000m K1 titles at 2017 ICF Canoe Sprint World Cup 3
Aleh Yurenia from Belarus could not have been more impressive in beating a crack field for the men's K1 1000 GOLD and K1 5000m GOLD at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Cup 3 in Belgrade Serbia last weekend.
Paddling the Vajda K1 Infusion 2 in Marathon build Yurenia beat multiple world champion, Denmark's Rene Poulsen in the K1 1000m race finishing in 3:24.772. The three medallists from Rio were all in the field, but none could not match the consistent speed of the 2010 World Championship bronze medallist.
The following day he beat a top field including Australia's Kenny Wallace to take the K1 5000m title.
Yurenia was not able to compete in Rio, but said he is already focussed for Tokyo in 2020.
"My start and my finish were no good, but the middle of my race was good," Yurenia said.
"I was so angry and had a broken heart not to compete in Rio.
"But now I have an eight-month baby girl, my life is good, and I am going to do my best to fulfil my Olympic dream in Tokyo for my little girl."


text:
Podiatrist Near Me Pittsburgh Foot Doctor Pittsburgh PA
Podiatrist Pittsburgh And The Top Foot Doctor IN Pittsburgh PA
(878) 313-3338 We Can Help!
Foot Care And Treatment Gallery
Contact / Insurance
PODIATRY SERVICES
Ingrown Toenail Treatments
Toenails Fungus Treatments Laser
Orthotics and Arch Supports
Stress Fracture Foot
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy
Tendonitis foot treatment
What is Sclerotherapy Pittsburgh
Varicose and spider vein treatments
Children's Foot Care
Pigeon Toe Intoeing
Heel Pain & Heel Spur
PRP for Plantar Fasciitis
Soccer injuries
Distal Fibula Fracture
Tendonitis Ankle
Cuboid Syndrome
Toenail Fungus and Anatomy
Wound Care Near Me
Orthopace and Dermapace
8 Common Skin & Nail Problems
Athlete's Foot Treatments
Blood Blister
Corns & Calluses Meaning and Treatment
Eczema Treatments Eczema Causes
Foot Odor and Sweaty Feet
Frostbite Symptoms
Fungus toenail treatment
Lamisil Antifungal Medication
Plantar wart diagnosis and treatment
Shingles Herpes Zoster
Skin Diseases of the Foot
Staph Infection
Laser for feet and legs
Toenail Fungus Treatment Laser
Plantar Wart Treatment With Lasers
Laser Hair Removal Pittsburgh
Laser Tattoo Removal Pittsburgh
Laser spider vein treatment Pittsburgh
Hammer toe Surgery
Restless Leg Syndrome Treatment
Cryosurgery For Treatments
Foot X Ray Pittsburgh
Orthotics, air cast boots, orthopedic shoes
Keryflex artificial toenail
Antifungal Nail Polish Colors
Barefoot by lcn cosmetic toenail
Kerydin
Jublia
Ingrown Toenail Treatment Home
How to Use Crutches
Care of Casts and Splints
Heat or Ice for Injuries
Epsom Salt Bath Uses
Best Running Socks
How to Train For a Marathon
How to Use a Pumice Stone
Best Walking Shoes for Women
Walking to Lose Weight
walking benefits
Get Rid of Smelly Feet and Shoes
Hives Urticaria
Nike Shoes and Favorites
Bridgewater Office
Podiatrist Cranberry Township
Moon Township
Ambridge Podiatrist
Podólogo cerca de mí
Uña encarnada
Dolor en el talón
Las Verrugas plantares Pittsburgh
Beaver Valley Foot Clinic
Tendonitis Foot Basic Information:
Tendonitis foot treatment –Tendons are tough, ropelike soft tissue structures which connect your muscles to your bones. Along with muscles and ligaments, they're a critical component of your musculoskeletal system. Without tendons, you literally wouldn't be able to move.
The large tendon which connects your heel to your calf muscles, the Achilles tendon, is a common site of injury. Tendon injury also occurs relatively frequently to the medial (inside) and lateral (outside) tendons of the ankle. For detailed descriptions of these injuries, search the terms Achilles Tendonitis, ankle sprain and sports injuries.
This overview deals with less severe injuries, not full tears or ruptures. This type of injury is by far the most common type of tendon injury, affecting millions of people each year in America and around the world. These are extremely common sports injuries, yet can happen to anyone.
Tendonitis, tendinosis, and tendinopathy:
A tendon injury is possible anywhere a muscle inserts into a bone, and commonly occur near a joint. The shoulders, knees, elbows, and ankles are especially vulnerable, and the bulk of tendon injuries occur in these areas. This type of non-tear injury doesn't happen suddenly, and is instead usually the result of chronic micro-trauma, also known as "wear and tear." By and large, these are overuse injuries.
Here are the basic technical terms for this type of injury:
Tendinitis: this term is used to describe chronic inflammation of a tendon.
Tendinosis: This term describes micro-trauma in the form of many tiny tears throughout the length of the tendon.
Tendinopathy: A general term which simply means a medical condition affecting a tendon.
In a clinical setting, doctors tend to use the term "tendonitis" to describe many types of tendon injuries. Today, the terms "tendinosis" and the more general "tendinopathy" are rarely used by non-specialist physicians.
How are tendons injured?
As mentioned, these injuries are most often due to chronic overuse, and are more common in older and very active individuals. They also frequently occur in sports and professions where the same motions are made regularly for weeks, months, and years. T
In cases of sudden tendon injury, it is highly likely that the injured tendon was being gradually weakened over time. In this vulnerable state, a major tendon injury can occur much more easily.
Symptoms of a tendon injury:
Pain tends to worsen with active movement (muscle contraction moving a joint). There is less pain when the joint is being moved by someone else, for example a doctor examining the injured joint.
Pain and stiffness is usually worse in the morning until the patient "warms up." Symptoms also tend to worsen at night, after the patient has been using the joint throughout the day.
There is usually visible swelling and inflammation. The area may be tender and warm to the touch.
A crunchy sound and a grinding feeling is common when using the joint which the tendon crosses.
In many ways, the symptoms of a tendon injury are similar to those of bursitis. A physical examination by a trained healthcare professional is usually needed to tell them apart. Imaging tests such as CT scans and MRIs are also useful.
Diagnosing a tendon injury:
Your doctor will start by taking a medical history, followed by questions about how the injury occurred and what symptoms you're experiencing. This will be followed by a physical exam including orthopedic tests. Your doctor will bend the joint in different directions to determine what structures have been damaged. While these tests are low tech, they are quite useful and often
provide the information needed for a diagnosis.
If there's any doubt, or if your symptoms don't improve with time and conservative treatment, further exams are needed. This usually includes some type of imaging, whether it be an X-Ray exam, CT scan, or MRI.
Diagnostic tests and exams for diagnosing tendon injury:
In most cases, imaging exams aren't necessary to diagnose a tendon injury. Instead, the diagnosis is made based on the patient's history and physical exam. Orthopedic tests, in which the doctor stresses the suspected tendon, can be very useful (and are often more accurate than imaging studies). While things like observing range of motion and testing muscle strength aren't technically orthopedic tests, they're very useful nonetheless.
Further testing is needed if there's any doubt about the diagnosis or if symptoms fail to improve with time and treatment. This is where imaging tests come into play, including:
X-ray studies. These can't visualize tendons and other soft tissue structures well, but are very good at identifying calcium deposits. This is often enough to reach a diagnosis. They're also inexpensive, which makes them a good place to start when diagnosing musculoskeletal injuries.
Ultrasound exams. While ultrasound can't penetrate bones, it's capable of showing small tears within ligaments and tendons. Unlike X-ray exams, ultrasound is completely safe since it doesn't involve radiation. It's also a very cost effective option.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) exams. MRI is the standard by which all other imaging exams are judged. They can visualize all types of tissues, including tendons, ligaments, muscles, bones, and organs. The level of detail achievable with MRI is unmatched. At this time, MRI studies are very expensive.
Treating a tendon injury:
In less severe cases, your injury may be treatable at home under your doctor's general guidance. Start the following as soon as possible after you begin experiencing symp toms.
Overview of treatment for tendon injuries:
Initial treatment for tendinopathy, the catchall term for tendon injuries, is fairly straightforward. This typically involves relative rest, e.g. "taking it easy," and over the counter pain medications. NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) such as Motrin and Aleve are recommended to reduce swelling. Gentle, non-weight bearing range of motion exercises are also a good idea.
The goals of this initial treatment period are simple:
Limit excessive inflammation and swelling
Manage pain
Rest to allow healing to begin
If your injury doesn't respond to this conservative treatment, you'll probably be sent to physical therapy. This can be highly effective, and some doctors prescribe PT as a matter of course for all tendon injuries. If your tendon injury is due to repetitive motion (which most are), your physical therapist can help you find more biomechanically correct ways to perform this motion. The basic goals of physical therapy are:
Restoring full range of motion, if needed
Restoring joint stability, if needed
Developing strength and coordination of the muscles surrounding the injured tendon. This is one of the best ways to prevent re-injury in most musculoskeletal injuries
Encourage complete healing of the tendon
Tendinitis, Tendinosis, and Tendinopathy.
The Terminology of Tendon Injury
Doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals speak a different language from the rest of us. While it can certainly be confusing for the uninitiated, this complexity makes sense when considering its purpose.
Medical terminology is primarily used by doctors and allied health professionals to talk to one another. It's also the language of medical research. It's designed to allow clinicians to describe highly detailed concepts and information in an efficient, precise, and unambiguous manner.
So with this in mind, let's look at the surprisingly imprecise medical terminology surrounding tendon injuries. It's a not entirely rare and very teachable case of technical medical terminology used in a technically incorrect manner. Concerning tendon injury, there's a big difference between what's in the textbook versus what practitioners actually say in clinical practice.
—note that "itis" is the medical suffix meaning "inflammation." You've almost certainly heard this root before. For example, appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, while tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils. Thus, Achilles tendinitis is chronic inflammation of this tendon that's severe enough to cause physical symptoms such as pain.
Also note that, while specific to inflammation-driven tendon conditions, most specialists use the term "tendinitis" very loosely. It's become more of a general term which refers to a wide variety of tendon injuries, regardless of what causes them. For many professionals it's become a shorthand for tendon problems in general (see "tendinopathy").
—note that "osis" is the medical suffix referring to a "process" or "state," usually diseased. It's not meant to be an overly specific term. Yet medical researchers have nevertheless used it to describe the structural breakdown of tendon tissue in overuse injuries.
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OLDER BLOG POSTS


With the 2015/16 season now in full swing, the Cardiff City Football Club Academy are delighted to welcome back the Coaches Association, continuing on it's good work from the past two seasons.
Our first workshop of the new campaign will begin at Cardiff City Stadium on Tuesday, 29th September 2015 with Lead Foundation Coach, Mark Neville emphasising the 'Power of Play'.
The evening will be split equally between introductions to the theme and speeches before moving to a practical session at the 'House of Sport'. These innovative workshops are open to all who have an interest in football, whether an aspiring coach, parent or fan – completely free of charge!
The Cardiff City Academy would like to thank the Welsh Football Trust for their support in arranging this year's event. Two further themes of the Coaches Association will be introduced in January and April 2016.


I thoroughly enjoyed participating last night . I made a donation of £30 yesterday morning but it apperas to have sunk without trace-I may have put it against the London walk I am not sure. Can you direct me to the corect link to ensure I make the next payment into the right event.Is it just me? Does the web page for the event make it clear how and where to make a donation on behalf of the court team?


text:
Q: Find $\iiint_V z$ with $V=\lbrace(x,y,z) \in \mathbb{R^3} : y\geq0, z\geq0, x^2+y^2+z^2\leq 2, x^2+y^2\leq1\rbrace$ Let $f(x,y,z)=z$ and $T=\lbrace(x,y,z) \in \mathbb{R^3} : y\geq0, z\geq0, x^2+y^2+z^2\leq 2, x^2+y^2\leq1\rbrace$
Find $\iiint_T f(x,y,z) dV$
I'm having a few problems with this integral, here's what I've done:
I found that $0\leq z \leq \sqrt{2-x^2-y^2}$.
And then I'm having problems with the $x$-$y$ bounds:
I get two equations: $x^2+y^2\leq2$ and $x^2+y^2\leq1$, and as $y\geq0$ I get this:

I then, convert to polar coordinates, and I get $r\leq \sqrt2$ and $r\leq1$, but with the given $T$, I thought ? that I had to integrate from $r=0$ to $r=\sqrt2$:
$\int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\sqrt2}\int_{0}^{\sqrt{2-x^2-y^2}} z$ $dz r dr d\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\sqrt2}\frac{z^2}{2}\Big|_0^\sqrt{2-x^2-y^2}$ $rdrd\theta=\int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\sqrt2}\frac{2-x^2-y^2}{2}$ $rdrd\theta$
At this point I convert $\frac{2-x^2-y^2}{2}$ to polar coordinates:
$\int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\sqrt2}\frac{2-r^2}{2}$ $rdrd\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\sqrt2}\frac{2r-r^3}{2}$ $drd\theta = \int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{r^2}{2}-\frac{r^4}{4}\Big|_0^\sqrt{2}d\theta=\int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{1}{2} d\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}$ which is the wrong answer...
The correct answer would be:

 \begin{align} \iiint_T f(x,y,z) dV = \frac{3\pi}{8} \end{align}

A: $x^{2}+y^{2} \leq 1$ automatically implies $x^{2}+y^{2} \leq 2$ so igonre this second condition. $\theta$ varies from $0$ to $\pi$ and $r$ from $0$ to $1$. Now see if you get the correct answer.


text:
John Kantakouzenos (; died 17 September 1176) was a military commander and an early member of the Kantakouzenos family.

He distinguished himself in the campaigns of Manuel I Komnenos () against the Serbians, Hungarians, and Pechenegs in the years between 1150 and 1153. It was during these campaigns that he was severely wounded and lost the fingers of one hand. In 1155 he was sent to Belgrade where he foiled the plot of the inhabitants of that city to hand the city over to the Hungarians. He was killed in the Battle of Myriokephalon, where he served as a commander of a division of the Byzantine army. He fell, having been isolated from his own troops, fighting alone against a band of Seljuk Turk soldiers of the Sultanate of Rum.

John is known to have been present at the ecclesiastical councils convened at Constantinople in May 1157, March 1166, and January and February 1170. In the acts of those councils he is described as holding the rank of sebastos, and ranks first in the class of the sebastoi.

John Kantakouzenos was married to Maria Komnene, the eldest daughter of Manuel I's brother, the sebastokrator Andronikos Komnenos. They had at least one son, Manuel Kantakouzenos, who campaigned against the Turks with Andronikos Angelos, but afterwards offended Emperor Manuel I, who put him in prison where he was blinded. A branch of the Byzantine Kantakouzenos may have later arrived in Romanian lands and became known as the Cantacuzino family.

References

Sources

1176 deaths
12th-century Byzantine military personnel
Byzantine generals
Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
Byzantines killed in battle
Generals of Manuel I Komnenos
John
Year of birth unknown
Sebastoi


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text:
require 'spec_helper'

describe Spree::PurchaseOrder, type: :model do
  let(:valid_purchase_order_attributes) do
    {
      po_number: 'PO-123',
      organization_name: 'Spree Commerce'
    }
  end

  def self.payment_states
    Spree::Payment.state_machine.states.keys
  end

  let(:purchase_order) { Spree::PurchaseOrder.new }

  context "#can_complete?" do
    it "should be true if payment is pending" do
      payment = create(:payment, state: 'pending')
      expect(purchase_order.can_complete?(payment)).to be true
    end

    it "should be true if payment is checkout" do
      payment = create(:payment, state: 'checkout')
      expect(purchase_order.can_complete?(payment)).to be true
    end
  end

  context "#can_void?" do
    it "should be true if payment is not void" do
      payment = create(:payment, state: 'checkout')
      expect(purchase_order.can_void?(payment)).to be true
    end
  end

  context "#valid?" do
    it "should validate presence of po number" do
      purchase_order.attributes = valid_purchase_order_attributes.except(:po_number)
      expect(purchase_order).not_to be_valid
      expect(purchase_order.errors[:po_number]).to eq(["can't be blank"])
    end

    it "should validate presence of organization name" do
      purchase_order.attributes = valid_purchase_order_attributes.except(:organization_name)
      expect(purchase_order).not_to be_valid
      expect(purchase_order.errors[:organization_name]).to eq(["can't be blank"])
    end

    it "should only validate on create" do
      purchase_order.attributes = valid_purchase_order_attributes
      purchase_order.save
      expect(purchase_order).to be_valid
    end
  end

  context "#associations" do
    it "should be able to access its payments" do
      expect { purchase_order.payments.to_a }.not_to raise_error
    end
  end
end