text:
Tea Leaf Nation: The Paradox at the Heart of China's Property Regime The Paradox at the Heart of China&#...
Tea Leaf Nation
The Paradox at the Heart of China's Property Regime
What does it mean to 'own' a home in the communist country? Eventually, Beijing will have to decide.
By Donald Clarke
WUHAN, CHINA - OCTOBER 18: (CHINA OUT) Potential buyers view apartment models during the Wuhan Autumn Real Estate Trade Fair on October 18, 2008 in Wuhan of Hubei Province, China. China sees a worsening slump in the real estate market, which has resulted in four months of consecutive drops in housing prices in major cities. At least 18 Chinese cities, including Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and Xian, have announced detailed policies to boost their property market. (Photo by China Photos/Getty Images)
Late December brought reports of startling news about China's land regime: holders of 20-year residential leaseholds in the prosperous coastal city of Wenzhou would see their leases renewed automatically and without charge. If true, this would have been momentous: it would mean nothing less than the return of private land ownership in China. Instead, it looks like leaseholders are getting nothing more than temporary squatters' rights. In effect, the state punted on a nasty dilemma that goes to the heart of socialist rule, one that will face the ruling Communist Party on a far larger scale in 50 years, and possibly before: what exactly are Chinese people getting when they "buy" a place to live?
This dilemma, while sharp, has been no less predictable than the Y2K problem. Although the Party did not abolish private ownership of urban land when it took power in 1949, it gradually restricted the rights of owners over the years. In 1982, the law finally caught up with reality when China formally nationalized all urban land. Since the early 1990s, however, urban land has been available for sale in the form of long-term leaseholds, or "land use rights" (LURs), which last up to 70 years on residential land and for shorter periods for industrial and commercial land. This system allowed the state on the one hand to obtain the economy-wide benefits of market allocation of land as well as the revenues from leasehold sales, while on the other hand to maintain that the principle of state ownership of land had not been compromised: after all, buyers got "merely" leaseholds of several decades, not ultimate ownership. The original rule about what would happen when the leasehold expired was unambiguous: the land would go back to the landlord, i.e., the state. If leaseholders wanted to extend the lease, they would have to pay for it.
The rule was clear enough as written, but leaseholders naturally didn't like it. A widespread belief grew up that the rules around renewal were unclear and unfair. The picture was further muddied by China's 2007 Property Law, which proclaimed that residential LURs would be renewed "automatically" — but without specifying whether that also meant "without charge."
A prominent member of the drafting team later admitted that the team had simply punted on the issue because it was too nettlesome. To specify that a fee need be paid would have angered current LUR holders — a vast and politically important interest group (probably 80 to 90 percent of urban families). But to specify that no fee need be paid would have meant overturning a sacred tenet of Chinese socialism: that private land ownership is anathema. After all, a 70-year leasehold that continually renews itself automatically and without charge is no longer a leasehold; it is a permanent right to the land, indistinguishable in practice from the kind of outright ownership (called fee simple) that most homeowners in common-law countries like the United States take for granted.
Whatever the ambiguity, it has not noticeably stifled China's residential real estate market, and real estate now accounts for more than 70 percent of overall household wealth, and 80 percent in large cities such as Beijing or Shanghai. At the time of purchase, 70 years is a long way off – likely beyond the typical purchaser's lifetime, and almost certainly beyond the lifetime of the building in which the residence is located, given construction standards and the pace of urban change. So far rising prices have meant that even resales – which necessarily involve a shorter term than 70 years, since the term is not renewed at transfer – are often for more, sometimes much more, than the purchase price.
But although most Chinese residential leaseholds won't expire for a few more decades, dark clouds of uncertainty are already visible on the horizon. With the clock ticking ever downward, Chinese homebuyers are already starting to think about whether they will ultimately have anything left to pass on. They fear that as the end of their leaseholds approaches, they will find it more and more difficult to get a good price if they try to sell. Uncertainty about whether a homebuyer has a 70-year leasehold or a permanent fee simple doesn't much matter in year one, because the difference in value is tiny under any realistic set of economic assumptions. But if a Chinese leaseholder is trying to sell in year 40, the price buyers will pay for the 30 remaining years is a lot less than what they will pay if they are confident they are getting a permanent property interest. Even if buyers are foolish enough to be willing to pay a price that assumes they can keep the property permanently, they will have trouble getting mortgage lenders to be equally foolish – and that's bad for sellers as well. Once these problems start cropping up in earnest, leaseholders will start clamoring for certainty (in their favor, of course) decades before the leases are scheduled to expire.
Hence the outsize importance of the Wenzhou case as a bellwether. In the mid-1990s, Wenzhou offered residential LURs for sale for varying terms — some for as many as 70 years, but some (about 600 parcels) for as few as 20. (Other cities may have offered similarly short leases, but Wenzhou seems to have been the first.) These 20-year LURs are now coming due, and, predictably, leaseholders have been clamoring for a solution to their dilemma — their preferred solution being free lease renewal.
But if those leaseholders who opted to save money by buying only 20-year LURs were to be given the windfall of perpetual free renewals, it would be politically very hard to deny the same benefit to those millions across China who paid for 70-year LURs. In other words, renewing the leases of those 600 Wenzhou homebuyers free of charge could have heralded the effective return of private land ownership to China.
The Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) surely understands this dilemma, and on Dec. 23 it made its solution public. Although it was reported as offering reassurance to leaseholders, the fine print says otherwise: leaseholders did not, in fact, get a renewal of their LURs. Instead, they got the equivalent of squatter's rights: an assurance that for the time being they can stay in their homes without having to pay anything. If they wish to sell the property, the buyer's LUR certificate will still carry the original starting and ending date (i.e., two dates in the past) as well as an annotation stating that "relevant procedures have been undertaken in accordance with" the MLR's cobbled-together solution. Put another way, Wenzhou's 20-year leaseholders did not get anything that another buyer would confidently pay (or a bank lend) money for — just an expired term and a vague and cryptic annotation.
What happened in Wenzhou will, in time, become a full-blown national issue. In some 50 years, the first batch of 70-year residential leaseholds will start coming due. Well before that, however, leaseholders will start having problems with buyers who are unwilling to pay large amounts of money for a leasehold with only a few years left on it and no guarantee of renewal. The state will have to choose: enrage about 90 percent of China's urban population or admit that the 70-year residential leasehold is a mirage, an admission that would violate a core tenet of socialist rule.
Incredibly, 68 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China and 38 years into the era of post-Mao economic reform, the Chinese government is still unable to state clearly what kind of residential real estate ownership system it wants to have. The system remains shrouded in uncertainty, and buyers cannot know for certain what they are getting. It's likely that when the time comes, the government will blink – if there are any arch-conservative defenders of old-school socialism left, they will almost certainly be LUR holders themselves. But it has not blinked yet; for the time being, uncertainty still reigns.
China Photos/Getty Images
Donald Clarke is a professor at the George Washington University Law School.
Tags: Asia, China
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Bitcoin Failed in El Salvador. The President Says the Answer Is More Bitcoin.
Analysis |
David Gerard


text:
/*******************************************************************************
 * \file mission_handler_registry.cpp
 *
 * \author MAV'RIC Team
 * \author Matthew Douglas
 *
 * \brief The mission handler registry is responsible for registering and
 *        obtaining mission handlers based on an inputted waypoint
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

#include "mission/mission_handler_registry.hpp"

#include "mission/mission_handler.hpp"

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PROTECTED/PRIVATE FUNCTIONS IMPLEMENTATION
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PUBLIC FUNCTIONS IMPLEMENTATION
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mission_handler_registry::Mission_handler_registry() :
		registered_mission_handler_count_(0)
{

}

bool Mission_handler_registry::register_mission_handler(Mission_handler& handler)
{
    // Check for maximum count
    if (MAX_REGISTERED_MISSION_HANDLERS == registered_mission_handler_count_)
    {
        print_util_dbg_print("[MISSION_HANDLER_REGISTRY]: Too many registed mission handlers\r\n");
        return false;
    }

    // Check for duplicates
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < registered_mission_handler_count_; i++)
    {
        if (registered_mission_handlers_[i] == &handler)
        {
            print_util_dbg_print("[MISSION_HANDLER_REGISTRY]: Mission handler already registed\r\n");
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Register mission
    registered_mission_handlers_[registered_mission_handler_count_] = &handler;
    registered_mission_handler_count_++;
    print_util_dbg_print("[MISSION_HANDLER_REGISTRY]: Mission handler registered\r\n");
    return true;
}

Mission_handler* Mission_handler_registry::get_mission_handler(const Waypoint& waypoint)
{
	// Search for the first handler than can accept this waypoint
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < registered_mission_handler_count_; i++)
    {
        // Check if proper handler
        if (registered_mission_handlers_[i]->can_handle(waypoint))
        {
        	return registered_mission_handlers_[i];
        }
    }

    print_util_dbg_print("[MISSION_HANDLER_REGISTRY]: Handler could not be found\r\n");
    return NULL;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Effective July 1, 2017, John Wilson has assumed the role of President of Maroon Group's combined U.S. Chemicals / Cadence Chemical business, which is currently operating from a unified office in Darien, CT. Carol Piccaro, the former President of U.S. Chemicals, has moved into a Senior Executive role where she will be working closely with John and the entire team to transition the leadership of the business. As always, the focus will remain on exceeding the expectations of the combined customer base while working closely with and adding value for our partner suppliers.
Maroon Group LLC announced today that it has acquired Cadence Chemical, a national distributor of specialty chemicals based in Stamford, CT. Cadence Chemical's management team, led by John Wilson, will remain in place and continue to actively manage the business.


text:
'Messiah' Will Be Acoustical Experience at Cathedral Dec. 4
By Pamela Seal
LAKE CHARLES — For the first time in its 81-year history, the annual performance of George Frideric Handel's Messiah Oratorio by the Lake Charles Messiah Chorus and Orchestra will be performed in the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in downtown Lake Charles.
The cherished holiday tradition will take place on Sunday, December 4, at 3:30 p.m., a half hour later than its usual start time. Admission is still free, which is plenty reason to sing "Hallelujah" while kicking off the Christmas season in Southwest Louisiana that will surely be an acoustical experience to remember.
Conducted by Colette Bulber Tanner, the Lake Charles Messiah Chorus was organized in 1939 by her late father, McNeese professor Dr. Francis G. Bulber, with the first Messiah performance in 1940. The long-standing tradition paused in 2020 because of COVID-19 and back-to-back hurricanes.
"Dad would be happy with the Messiah being performed in the Cathedral since that is where he was choir director after moving to Lake Charles in 1939," said Colette.
The musical presentation will return to McNeese State University in 2023 after renovations are complete in the auditorium named for Dr. Bulber.
"I am really excited to hear the performance in the Cathedral," said Colette about this year's Messiah. "I have always loved singing in the Cathedral because of the acoustics.
"Don't get me wrong. I love performing the Messiah in the auditorium," she continued. "In all honesty, that is the place where I feel closest to my dad. His office was in that building for so long. This year is just a different opportunity to hear the performance in a way that acoustically is going to be beautiful."
Robert Marcantel, current Director of Music for the Cathedral, echoes Colette's sentiments on this year's location for the concert.
"It is very appropriate to have the Messiah performed in the Cathedral because, at one time, in the 1940s, Dr. Bulber was the music director for the parish, long before it became a cathedral," said Marcantel. "I think he would be extremely pleased to see and hear the work performed in our liturgical space," adding that the Cathedral "is the most acoustically alive church in the area."
The Messiah was originally performed in Neale's Music Hall in Dublin, Ireland, which was about the size of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, said Marcantel.
"In addition to the rich acoustics of the building, the Cathedral is also a much more intimate setting in which to enjoy the music," he said.
At the Messiah's inception, Dr. Bulber combined local church choir members with John McNeese Junior College students to form the chorus, accompanied only by two pianists.
"One of the main reasons my dad started the Messiah was to give McNeese students the opportunity to experience performing it, because it is considered one of the heights of performance," said Colette.
This year's presentation includes 75 vocalists and orchestra made up of community members from the five-parish area, including McNeese music students as soloists.
Longtime members of the Lake Charles Messiah Chorus performing include Barbara Belew, 63 years; Eva Boudier, 58 years; Roberta Yellott and Raymond Maylen, both 51 years; Michael Taylor and Caren Gunter, both 48 years; and Deborah Castille, 45 years.
The annual event is one of Colette's favorite memories of being the conductor's daughter. Her mother, Patricia Cavell Bulber, 92, played the harpsichord in the 1954 Messiah performance and every one after through 2019. She plans to be in the audience this year.
"Our family was so entrenched in Messiah because Dad worked on it all year," she recalled. "We knew that starting the first Monday in October it was Messiah season. Growing up we had three holidays — Thanksgiving, Messiah, and then Christmas," Colette said with a chuckle.
After Dr. Bulber's death in 1992, Colette would eventually take the reins in 2013.
"Dad never felt, and I don't either, worthy of directing Handel's Messiah," she remarked. "The whole thing was written in 23 days. Not just the songs, but also the orchestra parts and extra things that went along with it."
Colette continued, "The Messiah is such a magnanimous expression since in each movement, the librettist was able to scripturally find the prophecies in the Old Testament and the fruition of the prophecies in the New Testament, with the final chorus drawn from the Book of Revelation. There had to have been some inspiration."
Before her father conducted the Messiah each year, Colette said he would spend an hour in his room.
"We all knew not to disturb him because he would be on his knees praying the rosary before he conducted it," she recalled.
Colette said it was always understood that she and her two siblings — brother, Gerard and sister, Patrice — would give their best to God. "Since God is in each person," she said, "that meant giving our best to each person."
"We grew up surrounded by art and literature and music," she reflected. "Mom and Dad never thought we should settle for mundanity. If you look at the history of the Church, not only with its art but also how it is charity throughout the world, we should not give God less than anything but our best."
Colette emphasized the importance of free admission for the annual performance.
"When the Messiah first started, many churches in Lake Charles — no matter the denomination — would opt to not have their evening service and send their congregations to go and see the Messiah," she said. "How can you charge for that? Dad never charged, and I don't either, because it would be like charging people to go to church," said Colette. "It will never happen as long as I am around."
For more information or to help support the Lake Charles Messiah Chorus, visit www.lcmessiah.org. The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is located at 935 Bilbo Street. The concert is slightly over one hour in length.
Diocese Seeking Full-Time Bookkeeper Applicants 2023-01-23
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Celebrating Generations of Catholic Education 2023-01-26
Saint Louis Catholic High School Preparing for Next Phase 2023-01-26
Upcoming Events ... at a glance 2023-01-24
Pro-life March 2023: 'Everyone Deserves a Birthday' 2023-01-23
Catholic News Update 2023-01-20
Eucharistic Revival Musical Competition 2023-01-19
'An Afternoon with Christ' Features Father Richard Feb. 12 2023-01-15
Chastity Project is Feb. 26 with Jason Evert 2023-01-14
Series on Eucharistic Adoration Kicks Off Jan. 15 at Cathedral 2023-01-13
Pro-Life Panel Speaks Out on Post-Roe America 2023-01-12
Registration Open for 'Together in Holiness' 2023-01-11

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Supermercados El Jamón (conocidos comúnmente como El Jamón) es una cadena de supermercados fundada en 1966 en Lepe, provincia de Huelva, por el empresario lepero Francisco Díaz Mingorance junto a su esposa Manuela Orta. En 2019 contaba con 216 establecimientos distribuidos por diversas localidades de las provincias de Huelva, Sevilla, Málaga, Cádiz y Córdoba.

El eslogan de la cadena es "Empresa Totalmente Andaluza" (en un principio "Empresa Totalmente Onubense"), algo que da cuenta de que tanto su origen como su evolución y su actividad actual se centran en la región occidental de Andalucía. Así, los establecimientos de El Jamón se concentran en Huelva (más de diez), Sevilla (con un número similar) y otras ciudades menores, como Isla Cristina (con seis establecimientos). También se encuentra en otras poblaciones como El Portil, El Rompido, Chiclana de la Frontera, Cortegana, Islantilla, Mazagón, Moguer, Rota, San Juan de Aznalfarache, Manzanilla, Écija, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, entre muchas otras. Actualmente cuenta con 257 establecimientos.

Historia
La cadena se originó con un único establecimiento en Lepe. Entre sus primeras adquisiciones de otras cadenas de distribución destaca la que efectuó sobre Más por Menos en 1996.

En 2019 abrió sus primeros establecimientos en Córdoba mediante la adquisición de veintitrés supermercados de la cadena DIA. Ese mismo año recibió el premio Espiga Autonómica de la FESBAL por su contribución a los bancos de alimentos.

En 2020 la cadena consiguió aumentar su plantilla un 20% a pesar de la pandemia de COVID-19.

En febrero de 2021 lanzó con motivo del Día de Andalucía (28 de febrero) una oda al vocabulario andaluz bajo la campaña #OrgullosamenteAndaluces, que se hizo viral y recibió una aclamación general frente a las críticas hacia la campaña institucional de la Junta de Andalucía. En julio de 2021 compró 28 tiendas de las 172 tiendas de Supersol que anteriormente había comprado Carrefour.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Empresas de alimentación de España
Empresas de la provincia de Huelva
Supermercados de España
Lepe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A product's quality, style and shape come together to deliver a lasting impression for a residence or business. As an architect or interior designer, you understand the impact the right doors and windows can make for a home or commercial setting. At Windows, Doors & More, we work with architects and interior designers to provide clients with the perfect doors and windows for each project.
Visit the showroom for monthly Lunch & Learn Seminars that range in topics from Coast Performance, to Designing Architecturally Correct Doors. The Lunch & Learn Series is free of charge, and open to all professionals or clients wanting to learn more about a particular topic. Many of the Lunch & Learn Events offer AIA Continuing Education HSW Credit, or ASID CEU.
Our partners, such as Loewen, Milgard and Andersen, offer an extensive gallery of CAD drawings for their product offerings. Browse CAD drawings based on model, measurement, glazing and other specifications. CAD drawings are a complimentary resource to help you learn more about specific products and can supplement your existing CAD plans.
The Autodesk feature provides a complimentary .dwg file viewer for download.


You may have already heard a bit about it while scrolling down your social networks, but the sixth edition of Jammer's Lord of the Mics took place yesterday. We'll have to wait for the DVD to see the full battle for ourselves, and a more detailed account of what went down will be hitting the site shortly, courtesy of a Clash writer in attendance.
But tonight, in honour of the sixth series of the legendary East London stairwell, Boiler Room plays host to an unbelievable line-up of some of the most influential MCs in the game for a LOTM takeover. Wiley and Kano's appearance in Jammer's mum's basement is one of the most legendary grime battles of all time and Eskiboy himself is set to deliver a live PA alongside Skepta, Frisco, Footsie, Scratchy, Bruza, Nappa, Earz, Rage, Domino, and more.
Head here to read an in-depth article on the influence of Lord of the Mics on the grime scene and check out a behind-the-scenes video shot in the infamous Dungeon.
Stream the event here - it all kicks off at 9:00 GMT. Unmissable.


The washed cotton trim is in 100% washed cotton 32x30 (50/55). Its tight weaving (62 threads / cm²) and its washing give it an incredible smoothness and finesse and make ironing superfluous. This range exists in different trend colors: white, chalk, gray, quartz and taupe.
The duvet cover exists for single or double bed in many sizes.
The flat sheet exists for single or double bed with a simple bumblebee finish.
The square pillowcase (65x65 cm) has a quilted steering wheel and a simple drone finish.
The rectangular pillowcase (50x75 cm) has a flat piqué ruffle with a simple drone finish.
The bolster case measures 86x185 cm.
The flat sheet exists in 240x300 cm only.
Tradition des Vosges has created and crafted for you with know-how this range of bed linen washed, to accompany you for the sweetest nights possible.
Washed cotton bed linen in 100% washed cotton 32x30 (50/55).


One of our most important goals is to identify and articulate voluntary industry standards for processing cacao, manufacturing chocolate and producing "fine" chocolate products.
Fine chocolate and fine chocolate products are natural food products offering the consumer wonderful taste sensations and aromas no other product can provide.
Fine chocolate, whether couverture, or bar chocolate, is chocolate made under current good manufacturing practices from properly grown and harvested cacao beans plus a small list of additional ingredients and without the use of artificial substances to create a chocolate true to its origins.
Fine chocolates, whether bonbons, flavored bars, or other artisan chocolate creations, are attractively presented and skillfully crafted so the flavor of the chocolate is complemented by natural and fresh ingredients.
Advocate highest quality in all aspects of chocolate production.
Protect and improve consumer rights, act as the consumer's champion, and promote choice and value for money.
Support all fine chocolate producers.
Celebrate the independent chocolate shop as an integral, enjoyable facet of community life.
Model and promote sustainable, humane, and equitable ways of producing fine chocolate.
Foster greater appreciation of traditional cocoa products while promoting innovative fine chocolate artistry.
Campaign for clarity, transparency, and traceability in labeling.
Seek improvements throughout the industry from cocoa pod to finished product.
We believe in transparent labeling and marketing practices. What does transparency imply for the fine chocolate industry? It simply means that we respect the consumer and their intelligence by being open about the ingredients and processing of our chocolate products. We keep our labels, ingredient and marketing messages accurate and don't make claims that we cannot support.
"The FCIA and its members work hard in keeping truth and honesty in chocolate labeling among artisan chocolatiers, a trend seen usually reserved for the wine industry. All of our goals under the guidance of the FCIA, are to push fine chocolate ahead of the mass produced sub- quality chocolate that Americans have been forced to consume for decades."


text:
"Bjurö klubb" is a song by Swedish singer-songwriter Laleh. It was released as the third single from her album Me and Simon on 10 September 2009 and as a digital download on 14 September 2009. As her other songs, she has also written and produced this track. Despite the song's success, it didn't manage to break into the charts at the time of release. It has since reached number 38 on the Digilistan in December 2011 due to Laleh's appearance on Så mycket bättre.

"Bjurö klubb" is about the nature reserve in Skellefteå Municipality with the same name.

Promotion
Laleh has performed the song on several television shows in Sweden such as Musikhjälpen, Popcirkus and Sommarkväll. The song was performed by Laleh on Musikhjälpen in December 2008 to promote her album Me and Simon which was released the next month. She performed the song on Popcirkus in February 2009. "Bjurö klubb" was also performed on Sommarkväll in July 2009.

Track listing
 "Bjurö klubb" – 4:54

References

Laleh (singer) songs
2009 songs
Warner Music Group singles
Songs written by Laleh (singer)


text:
China may steal a march on Europe in fight against climate change
by Rob Elsworth | Apr 25, 2012 | Uncategorised
For too long, developed countries have used the excuse there is little point in acting to tackle climate change, if China, now the world's biggest emitter, doesn't act too. Sandbag's new report into the emergence of emissions trading in China shows the speed and extent to which things are changing and we argue that Europe must now increase its own ambitions.
All too often China's size and rapid development leads people to the conclusion that no action is being taken on climate change, that it is a polluting behemoth whose addiction to coal undermines all global efforts to avoid the worst effects of climate change. It is certainly true that in terms of addressing climate change few countries matter as much as China. A report from the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that in 2009 China and the US alone accounted for 41%, or 12Gt, of the worlds carbon dioxide emissions. Yet China must be understood in context. It is a rapidly developing superpower with a bewilderingly large population, facing increasing social tension fuelled by, among other things, its environmental limitations.
Over the past 30 years, China has experienced unprecedented economic growth. Its ability to provide cheap goods for western export markets, coupled with the opening up of domestic markets has transformed the country. Yet a reliance on low-skilled labour coupled with high resource use is bringing with it increasingly unwelcome social, environmental and political tensions.
Chinese authorities are acutely aware that environmental pressures can overflow into social unrest. The recent protest in Haining due to the pollution from a solar panel factory, the furious public reaction over Conoco Phillips' slow response to the oil spillage in China's Bohai Sea, and the escalating demands for more transparency of air quality data in Beijing are recent examples of rising public sensitivity towards environmental issues.
China is also increasingly conscious that its ability to deal with escalating environmental concerns through traditional command and control measures is becoming increasingly inadequate. China's economy has become too sophisticated to be managed in a traditional style. In 2010, to meet the energy efficiency targets set out in the 11th five-year plan (FYP), old and inefficient factories were ordered to close. Nevertheless the target was narrowly missed. China has realised that alongside command and control measures, attitudes need to be changed fundamentally to embrace innovation and sustainability.
This has caused China, through the adoption of the 12th five-year plan, to pursue a more sustainable economic model, focusing on qualitative economic and social development. The newly adopted plan runs till 2015 and includes prominent energy efficiency and carbon intensity targets. Touted as the greenest FYP ever, it introduces emission trading as one of the innovative new policy tools to be tested. China has already announced pilot projects to be implemented in five municipal areas – Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Tianjin – and two provinces – Guangdong and Hubei – from 2013.
The location for these seven projects has been well thought out. Each has been selected carefully to reflect the different levels of economic development and wealth of the country. They will allow China to test various emissions trading models, allowing for experience to be gathered on a municipal and provincial level before any such scheme is implemented on the national level in 2016.
China is drawing on lessons learned from the existing emissions trading schemes around the world. The EU has a wealth of experience in pricing carbon, it's emissions trading scheme – the largest in the world – provides valuable insight into how to, and arguably, how not to, set about implementing an emissions trading scheme. But the Chinese are not only looking to the EU, they are rightly learning from other countries and regions including Australia, New Zealand and California.
As details steadily emerge it is clear that they have embraced the need to set absolute caps on emissions and that there are likely to be parallel markets established for upstream, direct emitters and downstream users of energy.
China is advancing rapidly. Many challenges remain but the speed of advancement and the ambition of it's emissions trading plans are remarkable. Europe needs to realise that its position as the world leader in carbon pricing will not remain so for long particularly if it fails to act to revive its own ailing scheme.
This article appeared in the [Guardian ](http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/apr/24/china-climate-change-carbon-emissions "")on the 24th April 2012
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Uttar Pradesh is at a crossroads in its electricity transition
Gas-reliant Italy is lagging behind in Europe's race to renewables
Zero-carbon power is a key milestone on the route to net-zero
Making Coal History
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text:
Bernhard Russi, né le  à Andermatt, est un skieur alpin suisse, spécialiste de la descente, champion olympique en 1972, qui met fin à sa carrière sportive après la saison 1978 et devient le plus réputé des architectes de pistes de descente, « dessinateur » patenté des descentes olympiques à partir de 1988, imaginant notamment les parcours empruntés lors des Jeux d'Albertville 1992 (Face de Bellevarde à Val d'Isère), Lillehammer 1994 (Olympiabakken à Kvitfjell), Nagano 1998 (à Hakuba), Salt Lake City 2002 (à Snowbasin) ou encore Sotchi 2014 (à Rosa Khutor) et PyeongChang 2018 (à Jeongseon).

Distinctions
Sportif suisse de l'année en 1970
Sportif suisse de l'année et Skieur d'or en 1972

Carrière sportive
Il commence son parcours en Coupe du monde de ski alpin en 1968, à 19 ans, et s'illustre notamment dans les années 1970.

Palmarès

Jeux olympiques d'hiver

Championnats du monde

Coupe du monde
 Meilleur résultat au classement général :  en 1971, 1972 et 1977
 Vainqueur de la coupe du monde de descente en 1971 et 1972
 10 victoires : 9 descentes et 1 géant
 28 podiums

Saison par saison
 Coupe du monde 1970 :
 Classement général :
 1 victoire en descente : Val Gardena (Championnats du monde)
 Coupe du monde 1971 :
 Classement général :
 Vainqueur de la coupe du monde de descente
 2 victoires en descente : Megève II et Sugarloaf I
 1 victoire en géant : Mont Sainte-Anne
 Coupe du monde 1972 :
 Classement général :
 Vainqueur de la coupe du monde de descente
 3 victoires en descente : Saint-Moritz, Crystal Mountain I et Val Gardena
 Coupe du monde 1973 :
 Classement général :
 2 victoires en descente : Wengen et Sankt Anton (Arlberg-Kandahar)
 Coupe du monde 1974 :
 Classement général :
 Coupe du monde 1975 :
 Classement général :
 Coupe du monde 1976 :
 Classement général :
 Coupe du monde 1977 :
 Classement général :
 1 victoire en descente : Morzine I
 Coupe du monde 1978 :
 Classement général :

Arlberg-Kandahar
 Vainqueur de la descente 1973 à Sankt Anton

Liens externes

Skieur alpin suisse
Champion du monde de ski alpin
Champion olympique de ski alpin
Champion olympique suisse
Vainqueur suisse en Coupe du monde de ski alpin
Vainqueur de la Coupe du monde de slalom géant de ski alpin
Sportif uranais
Consultant sportif
Skieur alpin aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1972
Skieur alpin aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1976
Naissance en août 1948
Naissance dans le canton d'Uri
Médaillé d'argent olympique suisse
Vainqueur de la Coupe du monde de descente de ski alpin


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For most, with Labor Day quickly approaching, the summer season is coming to a close. Beach houses are being packed up, back packs are being purchased, and fall ensembles are being picked out. But, before saying goodbye to the Summer of 2015 in New York, there are two splendid sporting events that finish the summer season elegantly and spectacularly, The US Open and The Hamtpon Classic.
Yesterday, we spent the afternoon enjoying one of these splendid events -- The Hampton Classic. Helping to take the sting out of the end of summer, The Classic is as tony as American sporting events get. But, this is not a typical sporting event (a far cry from a Mets game); at The Classic attendees get dressed, really dressed -- women and men alike are truly natty. For me, this is half the fun of it. For for my daughter, simply walking around the stables, where we hung out with all things equestrian, petting horses and other animals, kept her contentedly amused.
As one of the largest outdoor horse shows in the United States, The Classic is a grand event unto itself, for both horse enthusiasts and casual spectators alike. It is a bit like a beautiful outdoor fair, albeit a very civilized one. At its core, it is ostensibly a horse competition. But don't be fooled, it is much more than just that. It is an event -- with the Bridgehampton countryside as the backdrop, where celebrities walk around anonymously, where high end shops set up booths, where equestrian skills are showcased, where delectable food can be savored, where exciting polo matches can be observed and where animals trot about freely in an unthreatened environment.
Stables are decorated impeccably, complete with boxwood plantings.
Our daughter taking a break from the horses, with an iced cold lemonade at the Ghurka shop. Her dress is from CrewCuts.
After finishing a long day of jumping, horses trot back to their well appointed stables. And for us, it was time to get home for dinner. Until next year, so long Hamptons Classic.
Enjoying our last few nights by the beach.
There are so many trend pieces being written about Brooklyn; it's impossible to pick up a food or art or design magazine without seeing a featured account of a Brooklyn innovation, or a refurbished run-down Brooklyn building, or some other fresh project happening in the borough. Why is it so popular? For starters, Brooklyn sits right next to Manhattan. But more than that, it retains an amazing historical backbone, attracts talented artists and young companies, is becoming the food capital of the world and is exploding in things to do! I read recently that on any given night there are over 200 live performances happening in Brooklyn. Every night!
Brooklyn Bridge Park, before the renovations! These piers stood empty for many years.
One of Copenhagen's most celebrated contemporary artists, Jeppe Hein, is being represented at the Park as part of The Public Art Fund. The pieces, peppered around the park, are colorful, whimsical, engaging and wonderfully fun. Best of all, kids and adults alike are encouraged to touch, sit, and play around the art.
Modified Social Benches, by Jeppe Hein. That's Governor's Island in the background and, of course, the Statue of Liberty further back.
Mirror Labyrinth, by Jeppe Hein.
Appearing Rooms (above) is an dramatic installation where walls of water create rooms that appear and disappear. Fun, but be prepared to get wet!
Along with the view, the activities, and the overall atmosphere, are some lip smacking food options. Fornino (below), perfect for kids, offers coal oven pizza and delicious salads, with a commanding second story view of the Manhattan skyline.
Ample Hills Creamery -- simply the BEST ice cream in Brooklyn!
Jacques Torres chocolate in Dumbo, enough said!
Adjacent to the carousel, on the North side of the park, is trendy DUMBO. Here you will find one of my favorite shops -- West Elm Market. The Feed USA bag (above) is not only practical, but a portion of the proceeds is donated to Feed 100, providing 100 meals to hungry Americans. And the bag is made in America!
B61Atlantic Ave. & Hicks St.
B67Jay St. & York St.
You can now take the ferry by East River Ferry, New York Water Taxi, or Governors Island Ferry to get to Brooklyn Bridge Park.
old pictures of the Brooklyn Piers.
Hair Ornaments have been used for centuries, with various levels of success!
French Braids are beautiful on girls, but for most (dads especially) they take a good deal of time and practice before they look camera-ready.
Sephora hair ties are a staple in all of our bathrooms.
Grouped together, hair ties make playful, youthful pony tails (above and below).
And here is one of the many reasons why: Last night, we went to a restaurant in New Canaan, Connecticut and the woman seated at the next table asked how I did my daughter's hair. Since she was so enthusiastic about the look, seemingly ready for me to do it to her hair, I quickly promised that I would post the instructions on TheNattyDad, pronto!
More than any other hairstyle that I use on my daughter, I get the most comments on this style. It's easy, it holds and it makes an impressive, yet tasteful statement.
Section off the front forehead of hair and twist the first hair tie into this small section of hair. Be sure to get all the stray bangs (see below).
What makes this style unique is that, with each new tie, a wavey, graceful, almost 1940s coiffe is produced. This wave can be made more feathery and dramatic by slightly pulling out some hair from each tie.
This hairstyle holds all day long, even for active girls -- like my daughter.
Another reason this style is ideal -- hair ties are less likely to break the hair.
Placing an elastic in the same place everyday tends to cause breakage at that point, resulting in small hair pieces falling into the face. Positioning hair ties throughout the hair not only looks colorful and gives a wavey shape, but it evens out the stressed points in the hair, keeping it more healthy, with less breakage.
I say -- Let the school year begin!


text:
Questa è la lista degli episodi della serie televisiva Cronaca nera.

La clinica dei vip
Walter Cherubini, nel cuore della notte, riceve una misteriosa telefonata in redazione. Si tratta della vedova Mazzanti, ricoverata in una famosa clinica privata di Parma, la quale afferma di essere tenuta prigioniera. Il giorno successivo, la cantante lirica Marinelli, ospite anch'essa della struttura, viene ritrovata morta. Il cronista, infiltratosi nella clinica e aiutato nelle indagini da un'infermiera (Anna Stante), riuscirà a dipanare il mistero.

Il portiere distratto
La giovane moglie di Tavernari, portiere della squadra locale di pallanuoto, è stata uccisa nella sua abitazione. Le autorità, così come lo stesso Walter, sembrano vedere nel marito della donna il probabile colpevole. La verità però non è come appare e nuovi indiziati, tra cui il fotografo del giornale Amos (Massimo Reale), sembrano affacciarsi all'orizzonte. In chiusura di episodio riappare Susan, ex moglie di Walter, suscitando così la gelosia di Federica.

Delitti al Torraccio
Walter e suo padre, durante un giro fuori città, danno un passaggio a Ivano, ragazzo appassionato di birdwatching. Qualche ora più tardi il ragazzo viene ritrovato morto e a poca distanza compaiono anche i corpi di una giovane coppia. Nei giorni successivi, sempre nella zona boschiva del "Torraccio", si verifica un nuovo delitto. Il giornalista capisce, ben presto, di essere alle prese con un pericoloso serial killer e che suo padre, dalle precarie condizioni di salute, lo ha visto in faccia, correndo così un serio pericolo. A fine puntata esce tragicamente di scena il personaggio di Masetti.

La prima moglie

Una donna di nome Dolores finisce in ospedale per un tentativo di suicidio, ma la dinamica degli eventi non convince Walter. Qualche giorno dopo la stessa signora viene ritrovata morta. I sospetti si concentrano sul marito Alessandro Cattaro (Sebastiano Somma), presunto bigamo e invischiato in loschi affari. Intanto il ritorno di Susan nella vita di Walter provoca una crisi nel suo rapporto con Federica.

La rapina

Il direttore di un Istituto di credito cittadino viene ucciso nel corso di una rapina e su di lui pesa il sospetto di aver collaborato con i malviventi, svelando loro la combinazione della cassaforte. Walter, sicuro dell'innocenza dell'uomo, decide di indagare, arrivando ad inaspettate scoperte. Cresce intanto la tensione tra Walter e il vice ispettore Lo Bianco a causa della forte intesa di quest'ultimo con Federica.

La foto strappata

Un tragico evento sconvolge i protagonisti: il vice ispettore Lo Bianco è stato ucciso a colpi di pistola. Walter, tra i primi sospettati a causa di una violenta lite avuta di recente con la vittima, decide di indagare alla ricerca del colpevole. Federica, mettendo a rischio la propria vita, aiuterà il cronista a scoprire l'assassino, svelando così una storia dalle tinte forti.

Cronaca nera


Question- Can Serena Williams lose on current form?
What do Jiri Novak, Christophe Van Garesse, Thomas Enqvist, Tommy Haas, David Nalbandian, Lleyton Hewitt, Marat Safin, Rafael Nadal, Juan Martin del Potro, Novak Djokovic, Jo-Wilfred Tsonga and Andy Murray all have in common?
They have beaten Federer in 5 set matches since his career began. Gilles Simon cannot be added to this list after losing his second five set match to Mr Federer in the fourth round at this years Roland Garros.
In other Fed news he appears to have bulked up or perhaps has a Batman costume beneath his shirt? And his shoes with that white bit at the back don't look unlike old man slippers.
John Isner needs to learn how to break serve, not just hold serve.
A tennis purgatory exists for tour players who seem lost, unable to find their former glory. No player wants to end up here but those who find residence here are not losing drastically but are in an awful limbo land. They are not winning the tough matches that they once would; they are not improving and are far from retiring. Caroline Wozniacki, Sam Stosur and Anna Ivanovic have continued their limbo form in Paris and have exited Roland Garros before Monday of the second week.
Bethanie Mattek-Sands has already equaled her best slam performance, a fourth round at Wimbledon in 2008. Can she go one further?
Question? Can Rafael Nadal lose at this years French Open?
Ryan Harrison needs a big win over a big player as much as I need to clear my overdraft.
Former world number one and 2008 U.S. Open finalist Jelena Jankovic is seeking to leave the purgatory group and seems to be finding old form after bating Stosur. She next faces Jaime Hampton who 'Is For Real'. She has been steadily improving; she is fun to watch and embodies a certain toughness that is endearing.
Australian Open has a roof, is building another court with a roof and has lights. Wimbledon built a roof. U.S. Open has lights and plays until late. Roland Garros needs a roof. Roland Garros needs lights. Surely the people who live near Roland Garros can put up with this for two weeks a year?
Nadal can get upset. Blame the rain and the lack of a roof Rafa, not the schedule.
If everything goes to form and Victoria Azarenka meets Maria Sharapova in the semi, hope that Azarenka wins. Sharapova has not beaten Serena Williams since 2004 and has lost the last twelve matches to her.
Gael Monfils could'a and should'a won against Tommy Robredo. Instead Robredo has won three straight 2 set down 5 set matches! What the! Incredibly Tommy is the first to do that since five-time champion Henri Cochet, one of the four muskateers. Of interest Cochet, a spruce little Frenchman won in Paris five times. He also beat 'Big Bill' Tilden in a 1927 Wimbledon semifinal after being down two sets and 1-5 before winning 2-6 4-6 7-5 6-4 6-3.
Ernets Gulbis comes from a wealthy family and is a bad tempered racquet thrower. He suffered a big defeat then went on to talk bad about the four best players in the game. Is Ernie a whiner, an heir to the throne or just Joffrey Baratheon?


text:
rdriscoll@mcglinchey.com
Government and Public Policy
Banking Laws and Regulations
White Collar/Government Investigations Group
Georgetown University Law Center, J.D., cum laude
Georgetown University McDonough School of Business, magna cum laude
Various U.S. District Courts
Robert N. Driscoll
Robert N. "Bob" Driscoll, a Member, leads the firm's Washington, DC office and serves as co-chair of the firm's White Collar/Government Investigations Group. He focuses on representing clients in government and internal investigations as well as in matters adverse to the federal government.
Bob represents corporations, governmental entities, and individuals in judicial proceedings, as well as in matters investigated by executive branch agencies, including the Department of Justice (DOJ), the Special Counsel's Office of the Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Health and Human Services (HHS), Commerce, State, Treasury, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and legislative branch bodies or committees of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate (including representing witnesses before both the Intelligence and Judiciary committees of the Senate and House), as well as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). He has also conducted domestic and international internal investigations for public and private companies.
Bob is the former Deputy Assistant Attorney General and Chief of Staff, Civil Rights Division, U.S. Department of Justice.
Thanks to his extensive experience, Bob is a regular guest on numerous news programs on Fox News and MSNBC, has appeared on CNN, PBS, OAN, and NPR, and has been quoted in The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Los Angeles Times.
Government and Internal Investigations
Bob conducts internal investigations for publicly traded and privately held companies and assists corporations as well as Boards of Directors and general committees with answering allegations of wrongdoing alleged by whistleblowers or minority shareholders. He also assists with, and negotiates, subpoenas and other congressional requests for information, and represents corporate witnesses before relevant bodies.
Indirect Auto Lending/Fair Lending
Bob has represented auto lenders and subprime lenders in all aspects of governmental agency investigations before the DOJ, CFPB, and DHS, from initial stages of investigations to negotiation and settlement.
Representation of Individuals in High-Profile Matters
In addition to his representation of companies in governmental investigations, Bob has represented individuals in several high-profile investigations, including witnesses in the 2016 election investigation by the Special Counsel and the House and Senate Intelligence Committees. He has handled matters related to charges of corruption, leaking confidential information, and fraud, including civil suits and class action matters.
Non-Public Individual Representation
Bob's experience extends to the representation of government officials and employees in criminal investigations of the DOJ, the SEC, and various Inspectors General of cabinet agencies.
Civil Rights-Related Case Experience
Bob has also represented government entities, individuals, and private institutions in civil-rights related litigation and investigations. He has represented jurisdictions, senior elected officials, and educational institutions targeted by the DOJ.
Congressional Investigations
Bob has represented corporate clients and individual witnesses in congressional investigations before numerous high-profile Congressional committees. He has also personally testified before House and Senate Committees, experience that helps his clients know how to prepare and what to expect.
Bob has been counsel of record and written amicus briefs in four civil rights related matters before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Federalist Society
Martindale-Hubbell AV® Preeminent™ Peer Review Rated Lawyer


text:
Q: PHP & MYSQL: Convert rows and columns to json objects I'm trying to get all of the rows and columns of a MYSQL table to be objects in an array so I can retrieve them via javascript.
Here's what I've got so far:
<?PHP
include '../sql.php';
$c = mysql_connect('localhost', $user, $pw) or die('Unable to connect to MySQL');
$s = mysql_select_db('mydb') or die('Could not select database');
$q = mysql_query('SELECT * FROM mytable') or die(mysql_error());
$a = array();

$cl = mysql_num_fields($q);
for($i = 1; $i < $cl; $i++){
    while($r = mysql_fetch_assoc($q)){
        foreach($r as $k => $v){
            $a[] = //something;
        }
    }
}

echo json_encode($a);
mysql_close($c);
?>

The object at the end should look something like this:
[
    {id: 1, name: 'bob', status: 'sleeping'},
    {id: 2, name: 'james', status: 'partying'},
    {id: 3, name: 'eric', status: 'reading'}
]

A: What about doing it in two (I mean three!) lines?
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=myDB;charset=utf8",'myUserName','myPassword');
$stmt = $pdo->query('SELECT * FROM mytable');
echo json_encode($stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));

PS.  Using SELECT * is considered bad practice.

A: For mysqli json response in PHP
$link = mysqli_connect($servername, "$username", "$password", "$db_name", $port);
if (!$link)
{die("MySQL connect ERROR:  " . mysqli_connect_error());}

$query = "SELECT * FROM mytable";
$result = mysqli_query($link,$query);
echo json_encode(mysqli_fetch_all($result,MYSQLI_ASSOC));
@mysql_close($link);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sticking to his few-promises approach, just-elected Manitoba premier Brian Pallister offered farmers few details on what he will do to improve their lot under a new government.
But he said farmers will find his Progressive Conservative government to be one that doesn't take them for granted, tries to make their lives easier, and which cares about rural Manitoba as much as Winnipeg.
"Largely farmers have told me just 'Stay the heck out of my way and let me farm,' " said Pallister in a conference call with rural reporters on the morning after his April 19 election victory.
Understaffing at Manitoba Agriculture, where a number of frontline agronomy expert positions are vacant.
Pallister repeatedly noted that he refused to over-promise projects, programs or money to voters during the election campaign and isn't planning to begin.
For instance, he said he'd like to "stop" the Bipole III power line project, but can't commit to that until he has a true understanding of the project's status.
However, he promised a government that doesn't take farmers and rural Manitoba for granted.
And he said critical infrastructure will not just be announcement in election years and run-ups, but be done steadily with a strategic focus.
"The best advertisement for a good infrastructure investment is a road you can take your truck down with your grain to market," said Pallister.
He has promised an active first 100 days in power, and farmers should see that in the form of red tape being removed.
"A lot of these regulations are necessary. I understand that. But let's see if we can't make them more effective and efficient in saving farmers time.
"If you can spend a little less time on paper and a little more on the stuff that makes you money, that's a great thing," said Pallister.


What to Do with My Variable Rate Mortgage?
Today marks a rare moment for many variable-rate borrowers because the Bank of Canada hasn't raised its overnight rate in more than seven years, which means there are many among this group who have never experienced a rate rise (this is the part where the older generations shake their heads). Well, after years of ultra-low Prime rates…it seems today is the day that we'll see an increase in bank prime, likely ¼%.
Is it time to panic and lock in? While your variable rate may be headed higher soon, I don't think the rise will be dramatic, as many now suddenly fear. So, my answer is yes, and no, it depends on you. In my humble opinion, the media speculation has blown the rate increases out of proportion. When the media uses scare tactics, some people are bound to react out of emotion instead of logic and make a choice they would not normally make. Perspective is key! 10 years ago, the 5-year fixed rate was 4.99%. Even if we were to have two successive ¼% increases, most variable rate clients will still be well below 3%.
The Bank of Canada increased its key interest rate today by a quarter point, .25% which is an increase in monthly payment of $12.39 on the $100,000.00. When we take a closer look at how a rate increase affects you financially, it removes the fear, brings understanding and the ability to make an informed decision about your mortgage.
The penalty is only 3 months simple interest.
The ability to switchover to the fixed rate market anytime with no penalty or cost. Remember, once you switch to fixed you cannot return to variable until renewal or pay a penalty.
A whopping 78% of first-time homebuyers will terminate or move their mortgage before the end of their 5 year term. Flexibility is key.
If you are feeling panicked (risk averse) that your payment may increase, this may signal that it is time for you to lock in. The last thing I want is you up at night worrying about your mortgage! If your cash flow is good and you are only mildly curious about next steps (risk tolerant), then I feel there is still a lot of mileage in a floating rate product.
Do you still think the same today as of October 26, 2018, with more hikes coming according to BDC?


Could You Give Up E-Mail?
From 2002 to 2007, the Pew Internet Project tracked a sharp reversal in how people value specific technologies, attributing the change to the current mobile nature of media access.
Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project, www.pewinternet.org.


text:
Visitors with mobility impairments
Visitors with a hearing impairment
Visitors with a visual impairment
Visitors with Learning Disabilities and Dyslexia
We hope that everyone who visits the V&A enjoys their experience. Visitors who require additional assistance can either speak to a member of staff when they arrive at the Museum or book in advance.
For assistance during your visit, please contact:
Email: disability@vam.ac.uk
The V&A understands that some visitors to the Museum will require the support of an assistance dog and we are happy to admit appropriately trained assistance dogs into the Museum. Assistance dogs registered with Assistance Dogs International (ADI), Assistance Dogs UK (ADUK) or the International Guide Dog Federation (IGDF) are always welcome if visitors can show Museum staff an appropriate ID book.
If your assistance dog is not registered with ADI, ADUK or IGDF please contact us in advance of your planned visit with documentary evidence confirming that your dog has been trained as an assistance dog by a recognised trainer.
How to get to the Museum
The Cromwell Road and Exhibition Road entrances are both step-free. At the Cromwell Road entrance, a wheelchair accessible door is located between the revolving doors. At the Exhibition Road entrance, an automatic opening door is located at the bottom of the ramp. The Tunnel entrance from South Kensington underground station is not wheelchair accessible.
Blue Badge Parking
There are twelve blue badge parking spaces on Exhibition Road managed by the Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea. For more information visit Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea parking
If you require a guide to assist you around the building, please book in advance.
Unfortunately, assistance cannot be guaranteed to visitors who do not book in advance.
Wheelchairs and walking frames are available at the information desk in the Grand Entrance.
Stools are available in a range of galleries, please ask a member of staff for assistance.
To find where our 13 accessible toilets are in the Museum please go to our Visit page.
You will need to switch your hearing aid to the 'T' position. Induction loops are available in the following areas:
Information desks
Lecture theatre and seminar rooms
Retail points
Sound enhancement equipment
Neck loops and radio receivers for use on talks and tours are available from the information desk in the Grand Entrance.
Talks programme
There are regular talks for deaf and hard of hearing people in British Sign Language or with live subtitles. For a full programme of events visit What's On.
Subtitled videos
A selection of videos within the galleries include subtitles. The museum is working to subtitle all videos in galleries and exhibitions.
If you require a guide to assist you around the building, please book in advance. Unfortunately, assistance cannot be guaranteed to visitors who do not book in advance.
Large print labels
Large print label books are available in the galleries.
Tactile books are available in the following galleries:
RIBA Architecture
Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art
Sacred Silver & Stained Glass
Our Study Rooms provide free access to Windows computers and settings can be adapted to suit needs.
Prints & Drawings Study Room
Magnification Systems (CCTV) are available in:
For a guide on how to access the Study Rooms, please visit Study Room Services for People with Disabilities.
There are regular talks for visually impaired people, some of which provide an opportunity for handling objects. For a full programme of specialist events visit What's On
The V&A Story
Audio descriptions of historic locations in the Museum are available for blind and partially sighted visitors to listen to online at home or during a visit to the V&A.
Furniture Gallery audio descriptions
A Furniture Gallery overview and touch object audio descriptions are available for blind and partially sighted visitors to listen to online or download in advance of visiting the Furniture Gallery, Rooms 133-135.
Touch Tour audios
The Touch Tour playlist describes a range of touch objects available in the Museum. To locate the objects, please refer to the room numbers on the museum map available from the Museum information desk in the Grand Entrance.
Europe 1600 – 1815 in-gallery audio guide
Get the most out of your visit to the Europe 1600-1815 galleries with our new, free audio guide.
Family Art Fun Sensory Backpack
Discover curious ceramic objects from China to the Netherlands, learn how they were made and how ideas and materials travelled the world to reach Europe. This backpack is designed for children with visual impairments, but can be enjoyed by any family.
Find out more about our sensory backpack
Scanning pens
Text to speech scanners are available from the information desks. These hand-held scanners can be used to read and then speak aloud gallery guide or object label text around the Museum. View a step-by-step guide on how to use the scanning pen.
Our Study Rooms provide free access to Windows computers. Settings can be adapted to suit needs in the 'Ease of Access Centre' accessed via the Control Panel.
Ear defenders for children
We have two child sized ear defenders available for use at the Sackler Centre reception desk. No need to book.


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Professor Bruce Gummow is a registered specialist in Veterinary Preventative Medicine (Epidemiology) and a Diplomat of the European College of Veterinary Public Health with European certification as a specialist in population medicine. He is also recognised as a Fellow of the Australasian College of Tropical Medicine (ACTM) due to his interest in One Health and zoonotic diseases. He is currently heading the section of Veterinary Preventative Medicine at James Cook University and chairs the steering committee on One Health in the ACTM.
He holds a dual appointment with the University of Pretoria in South Africa where he is an Extraordinary Professor and has taught for many years at their Faculty of Veterinary Science. He is recognised as a leading scientist in South Africa by the National Research Foundation and is one of their top rated scientists. He is also a registered specialist with the South African Veterinary Council and Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.
In addition, he Chairs the reseach and postgraduate committee in the Discipline of Veterinary Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences and is their Academic Advisor for Veterinary Postgraduate Studies. He also serves on several other JCU committees and is a senior staff member at JCU and a member of the Veterinary Science Executive management team.
His other activities include being an external examiner for the epidemiology Fellowship exams of the Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists and member of the examiners committee for the VPH management programme at the University of Sydney.
2015 to 2020 - Re-certification by the ECVPH and successfully met the requirements to use the title of European Veterinary Specialist™ in Veterinary Public Health, sub speciality Population Medicine.
2014 - JCU Citation for Outstanding Contribution to Student Learning. •	For using ideal timing and practical application in small group settings to change perception and motive and inspire students to adopt para-clinical training.
2010 to 2014 - Australian Aid Public Sector Linkages Grant for Activity 57668 Establishing a Regional Food Animal Biosecurity Network. $556,600.00.
ResearchOnline@JCU stores 106+ research outputs authored by Prof Bruce Gummow from 1986 onwards.