The structure of an atmosphere may be discussed in one of two ways -- in terms of the way that its density changes as you go upward or downward in the atmosphere, or in terms of the way that its temperature changes as you go upward or downward. For all planets the density structure is similar, in that the density steadily increases as you go downward and steadily decreases as you go upward; only the rate at which the density changes differs. But the temperature structure, though similar in some ways, is different for the Earth than for any other planet (though it was recently discovered that Pluto's atmospheric structure may be more like ours than previously thought). For all planets there is a relatively rapid temperature increase as you go downward at the bottom of the atmosphere, and a relatively rapid temperature increase as you go upward at the top of the atmosphere; but for most planets the middle atmosphere is relatively cold, while for the Earth, the lower middle atmosphere and upper lower atmosphere contains a heat source due to absorption of ultraviolet light by our ozone layer which makes that region much warmer than it would otherwise be. There is another object in the Solar System -- Titan, the largest moon of Saturn -- which has a similar temperature structure (in its case due to absorption of ultraviolet light by methane), but since Titan is classified as a moon (or natural satellite), the Earth is essentially unique among the planets in this respect.
As you go downward in an atmosphere its density steadily increases, and if you go upwards the atmospheric density steadily decreases. That is, the air becomes denser and denser (or thicker and thicker) as you go downwards, and less and less dense (or more rarified) as you go upwards.
The rate at which the density changes is normally expressed in terms of the "scale height", which is the height that the atmosphere would have if it were the same density everywhere as it has at the bottom. In the case of the Earth the scale height is about 5 miles, but for all the other planets the scale height is substantially larger, varying from around 10 to 15 miles for Venus, Mars and (when it has an atmosphere) Pluto, to 20 to 30 miles for the Jovian planets. Of course as already stated, the density is not the same everywhere, but steadily increases or decreases with height; so instead of representing the actual depth of the various atmospheres, the scale height represents the distance in which, as you go up (or down), the density decreases (or increases) by a factor of e, the base of natural logarithms, or (approximately) 2.71828. Thus, in the case of the Earth, to observe a change in the density by this factor you'd have to go about 5 miles upward or downward, while in the case of Venus, Mars and Pluto, you'd have to go two to three times as far to observe a similar change in density, and in the case of the Jovian planets four to six times as far. In this sense, we could say that the Earth's atmosphere is more compressed toward the surface of the planet by two to six times more than the atmospheres of the other planets.
Mathematicians and meteorologists (people who study atmospheres) love the number e, because it makes the mathematics they use to discuss atmospheres simpler than if they were to use some other ratio of densities. But for non-mathematicians, e seems a cumbersome number, so in the discussion below I consider the change in height required to cause a change in density of a factor of two. Since 2 is less than e, the height involved is less than the numbers previously shown for the various planets. For the Earth, the distance required to change the density by a factor of two is a little over 3 miles; while for Venus, Mars and Pluto it is 6 to 10 miles, and for the Jovian planets, 12 to 18 miles.
To see how this works, imagine that you start at the surface of the Earth and climb up a mountain, such as Mount Whitney, which is about 3 miles high. As you rise the air gradually becomes more and more rarefied, until at the top of the mountain, it is only about half as dense as at sea level. This is enough of a change in density that most people, if exposed to such a change in a short period of time, feel somewhat ill. The effects involved, which are due partly to the smaller amount of oxygen in the "thinner" air, and partly to the lower atmospheric pressure, are referred to as altitude sickness; and in rare cases, can be severe or even fatal. For this reason, airplanes which rise above two miles altitude are usually "pressurized" so that the air inside the airplane is the same density as at eight to ten thousand feet altitude, regardless of how high the airplane flies and how low the density of the outside air becomes.
But let's suppose that instead of expiring in one way or another, you had no difficulty in rising still further; then you would find as you rise, mile after mile, that the density of the atmosphere continues to decrease at about the same rate of halving the density each three or so miles higher. So at nine miles altitude, the air is only about 1/8th as dense as at sea level and at twelve miles altitude, only 1/16th as dense. And if you continued to rise until you were thirty miles (or ten times three miles) above the surface, you would find that the atmospheric density had dropped by a factor of two ten times over, making it only a thousandth as dense as at sea level.
For all practical purposes, at thirty miles altitude you would be at the "top" of the atmosphere, as very few airplanes or ballooons can rise to such heights, as the thin air provides too little "lift" to support an airplane and too little "buoyancy" to support a balloon. But thin though it is there is still air there, and you have to go much higher to reach the actual "top" of the atmosphere, such as it is. Another thirty miles height reduces the atmospheric density another thousand times, to only a millionth of the density at the surface, and another thirty miles another thousand times, to only a billionth of the surface density. But even at that height (ninety miles), a spacecraft returning from orbit or extraterrestrial travel, entering the atmosphere at speeds of 18 to 25 thousand miles an hour, would experience so much frictional heating that its surface (and the surrounding air) would be heated to temperatures hot enough to vaporize virtually all known materials. It is in fact such frictional heating of extraterrestrial objects called meteoroids that causes the phenomenon we call meteors, or "shooting stars". Grains of extraterrestrial material, usually the size of a grain of sand or a small pebble, heat the air surrounding them to distances several times greater than the size of the object, to temperatures of thousands or even tens of thousands of degrees (depending upon how fast the particles are moving). Thus, a 1/10th inch-wide meteoroid might heat a column of air an inch in diameter and tens of miles long as it plunges into the atmosphere, until it is vaporized by the heat of its passage.
If you were to go another thirty or sixty miles higher, the air would become even thinner -- millions of millions of times thinner than at sea level at 120 miles altitude, and millions of billions of times thinner than at sea level at 150 miles altitude -- and as a result friction, even for rapidly moving objects such as the International Space Station or manned spacecraft, is reduced to negligible values. This is why we don't say that a spacecraft is "in orbit" until it is at such altitudes, even if it has enough speed to "be in orbit" at lower altitudes. At lower altitudes the gases in the upper atmosphere would not only heat it but also rob it of some of its speed, causing it to gradually spiral into lower orbits where it would encounter denser air, which would cause even greater frictional heating and slowing, so that within a relatively short period of time it would either "burn up" or fall to the surface of the Earth.
(1) how strong the planet's gravity is. A high gravity will compress the gas towards the surface, and as a result any change in the atmosphere will occur over smaller distances.
(2) how much each particle of gas 'weighs' (or, more accurately, how much mass it has). A light gas like hydrogen doesn't weigh as much, so gravity can't compress it toward the surface as much as a heavier gas, like carbon dioxide.
(3) temperature. If the gas is hot it will tend to expand, if cold it will tend to contract.
Scale Height is proportional to temperature / mass per particle / gravity.
On the Earth, the Scale Height is about 5 miles, when defined in a particular way which mathematicians love -- a way in which as you go up or down one Scale Height the atmosphere increases or decreases its density by 2.71828 times (e, the base of natural logarithms). They like to do it this way for two reasons -- first, it makes the calculus easier, and secondly, the Scale Height, when defined in this way, is the height that the atmosphere would have if it were all the same density as at the surface.
This relationship is directly related to the law of buoyancy as discovered by Archimedes, two millennia ago.
When talking about the structure of an atmosphere, all of the planets have one thing in common -- as you go up or down the density changes at some rate. It changes more quickly if the gas is heavy, and more slowly if it is light and expands into space, but all of the planets' atmospheres get thinner and thinner as you go up, and thicker and thicker as you go down.
The differences in different planets' atmospheric structure primarily have to do with temperature. There are various heat sources in a planet's atmosphere, and where you have them it is warm, and where you don't it is cold.
In general, it is 'warm' at the surface. For most of the planets because that's where the sunlight falling on the planet is absorbed. Either the light is reflected away by clouds or it goes through the atmosphere, and is absorbed at the surface, heating it up. The lowest part of the atmosphere is warmed by its contact with the surface, and as a result is warmer than the layers above.
In addition, for the Jovian planets (particularly Jupiter and Saturn) there is a lot of heat coming out of the inside because the interiors of all the planets are hot, and being liquid heat can easily flow from the cores of these planets to the surface. So despite its great distance from the Sun and its very lower temperature at the cloud-tops and in most of its atmosphere, as you go down into Jupiter (and to a lesser extent, Saturn) it gets very hot.
Also, for every planet there are very high temperatures (1000 Celsius, typically) at the top of the atmosphere. This is because of bombardment by Solar Wind particles. There's not much gas hitting the upper atmosphere in this way, but it is going very fast and has a lot of energy per particle, so it substantially heats up the upper atmosphere. In our case the amount of heating is fairly large because we're fairly close to the Sun. In Jupiter's case, because it's so far away from the Sun, you'd expect the amount of energy being delivered in this way to be much less, but the immense magnetic field of Jupiter traps a huge number of Solar Wind particles, so its upper atmosphere is actually just as hot as ours.
Other planets, depending upon their distance from the Sun and how efficiently they trap Solar Wind particles (or merely run into them) may have cooler upper atmospheres or warmer ones, but the upper atmosphere will always be much hotter than deep down in the atmosphere, where this heat source cannot penetrate.
In the diagram above "neutrally stratified atmosphere" means that the lower portion of Jupiter's atmosphere has a temperature gradient (the rate of temperature increase as you go downward) that is on the verge of causing vertical mixing, or convection. If the temperature gradient were to increase even a little (by reducing the temperature at greater height or increasing the temperature at depth), strong vertical mixing would occur, as in a thunderstorm. This would carry heat upward, increasing the temperature at high altitudes, which would reduce the temperature gradient and cut off the mixing. Over a period of time the temperature gradient increases and decreases, allowing mixing and cutting if off, but always remaining close to the gradient which is just barely stable against mixing. The same thing happens in the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, or troposphere, as shown in the diagram below. As a result, it might be just as appropriate, and less confusing for beginning students, to call the "neutrally stratified" portion of Jupiter's lower atmosphere its troposphere, as in the case of the Earth.
In the Earth's atmosphere, there is an extra heat source (to be discussed below), so the middle part of the atmosphere is much warmer, and you don't have a cold trap.
The heat source in the 'middle' of our atmosphere is due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the gases. There are different kinds of ultraviolet radiation, which are given different names -- UVA, UVB, UVC and so on -- according to how far they are from the visible. The further you go into the ultraviolet the more energy each photon of radiation has (refer to chapter on light and matter, if you haven't done so, and don't recognize this discussion). The UVA particles have more energy than visible-light photons, but not as much as UVB, which have less than UVC.
All of the common gases in atmospheres (and in fact, most common molecules) can be torn apart by the absorption of UVC and shorter-wavelength, higher-energy kinds of radiation. This process is called photodissociation if it tears molecules apart, or photoionization if it tears atoms apart.
This process causes the upper atmosphere to have a large number of 'pieces' of atoms and molecules, many of which are electrically charged, leading to the term ionosphere to describe the region, because a charged particle is called an ion.
At the same time particles are being broken down by absorbing UVC, they are recombining to make whole atoms and molecules, by running into each other. This happens fastest at the bottom of the atmosphere where the gas is thicker and the particles are closer together, and slower at the top, where the particles are further apart because the gas is so rarified.
In the upper stratosphere particles recombine over times measured in minutes or seconds. But if you go up 10 miles (3 times 3) the air is about 10 times thinner, and particles collide 100 times less frequently, so recombination takes hours. Go up another 10 miles, and it would take days.
During the day sunlight pours into the atmosphere, allowing UVC to tear apart molecules and atoms in the upper and middle atmosphere, but in the lower middle atmosphere the particles are rapidly recombining, and it takes all of the UVC to keep things 'as they are', and none of it makes it into the lower atmosphere. But further up you can maintain a continual dissociation of the molecules, because it takes longer than the Sun is down for the particles to recombine.
Ozone is created by the photodissociation of oxygen molecules by UVC. Oxygen and other molecules are being torn apart, and although the other molecules are not part of this story, they also dissociate.
This process of turning part of the oxygen into free atoms and ozone occurs throughout the part of the atmosphere (from its "top", downward to the middle stratosphere) where UVC is tearing apart molecules.
Now, ozone can do something interesting.
Sunlight contains far more UVB than UVC, so as the ozone absorbs UVB and the energy associated with it, it heats up the part of the atmosphere that we call the 'ozone layer' far more than it would if it could only absorb UVC.
ALL planetary atmospheres absorb UVC, and there is a small amount of heating in the middle atmosphere of each planet in this way. But if you can absorb UVB as well, since there is a lot more of it, the atmosphere heat up a lot more. And ozone can do that, so if you can have ozone the part of the atmosphere where it is common gets a lot hotter than it would otherwise be; but to make ozone you have to combine free oxygen atoms with oxygen molecules, and that's not going to happen unless you have a lot oxygen floating around. And only the Earth's atmosphere contains significant amounts of oxygen, so that only occurs in the atmosphere of the Earth.
Ozone can be destroyed in two ways -- by chemical interactions (molecule runs into other molecules which are willing to take the 'extra' oxygen atom), and by the absorption of UVB. During the day both of these are at work, but at night only the chemical interaction is at work. During the day, when both of them are at work, absorption of UVB is more important in the upper part of the ozone layer, where the gas is 'thinner' and collisions (and chemical reactions) are less frequent, and chemical reactions are more important in the lower part, where the gas is thicker and collisions are more frequent.
In the upper part of the ozone layer, where UVB is the primary way that ozone is destroyed, we can to a first approximation ignore chemical reactions.
But in the lower part, where chemical reactions are more important, IF THOSE REACTIONS GO FASTER THAN NORMAL the amount of ozone will decrease. And we can make the reactions go faster by putting halogen gases (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like) into the stratosphere, because they eagerly interact chemically with other materials in general, and ozone in particular.
The main way we destroy ozone is with refrigerants containing halogen gases such as freon or halon. Halon happens to be a fairly light gas, and as a result it diffuses up/down in the stratosphere pretty easily. Remember, the stratosphere is 'stratified' because, being an inversion layer, you cannot have vertical mixing or convection. HOWEVER, you can have diffusion -- a random motion of gas particles through collisions, back and forth, forth and back, which gradually moves molecules throughout a region. Light molecules diffuse more rapidly and heavy molecules more slowly. Freon molecules are very heavy so they diffuse up or down in the stratosphere over decades. Halon molecules, because they are lighter, do it in years.
Because of this the freon now in the stratosphere is a result of freon gas being released over the last half century, still gradually diffusing throughout the upper stratosphere. And now that it is there, it will stay there, even if ALL FREON IN THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE DISAPPEARED, for another fifty to one hundred years. But because it diffuses more rapidly the amount of halon can go up/down in just years, and in fact has significantly declined in the decade or so since halon use was (mostly) banned.
Fortunately, since it will be a century or more before the freon is gone, it doesn't do much damage to the ozone layer in most places. It just makes the breakdown of ozone go a little faster, so the percentage of ozone which is in equilibrium (being made by UVC and broken down by UVB and chemical reactions) is a little smaller than usual -- typically, about 5 to 10% smaller. And that's within 'normal' geological and historical ranges, so although we might feel a bit chagrined at our actions and their results, it's not a really big deal.


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О чем тред? Умиротворяющие пейзажи/картинуи с пагодами or wat?
> Умиротворяющие пейзажи/картинуи с пагодами or wat?
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Красиво. Интересно, где это место?
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кто меня обрезал, ебп блджад.
Наверное это был страшный монстр по имени фотожоп!
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Как по мне, так хорошее и тихое место.


text:
Home > News > Bookselling
Amazon Launches Kids' Subscription Service
By Jim Milliot |
Amazon has introduced another service available only for Prime members. Prime Book Box is a subscription service that will deliver children's books every one, two, or three months to customers.
Books will come from a range of publishers and are selected for the program by Amazon Books editors who will factor in customer ratings and reviews. The service is aimed at children up to 12 years old. Each box contains two hardcover children's books tailored to each reader's age (for ages 3-12), or four board books for children two and younger. Price of the subscription is $22.99 per month.
Parents can swap out books selected by the editors from an alternate list drawn up by the company. Parents also have the flexibility to pick the frequency they want and can choose to receive a box every one, two, or three months. They can also skip a box and change the frequency. Subscriptions can be canceled at any time.
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text:
Jive OverviewUNIXBusinessApplication
Jive is #2 ranked solution in top Enterprise Intranet tools, #5 ranked solution in top Corporate Portals, #5 ranked solution in top Knowledge Management Software, #7 ranked solution in top Web Content Management tools, #7 ranked solution in top Enterprise Social Software, and #10 ranked solution in top Enterprise Content Management tools. PeerSpot users give Jive an average rating of 8 out of 10. Jive is most commonly compared to Microsoft Teams: Jive vs Microsoft Teams. The top industry researching this solution are professionals from a computer software company, accounting for 30% of all views.
What is Jive?
The workplace has changed. It has become more mobile, and has become a place where communication and collaboration across all spheres of the business is key to success. This is where Jive comes in with its cutting-edge mobile portal, its enterprise social network, and its integrative platform that is compatible with current infrastructure and modern cloud applications.
As a portal, Jive brings colleagues, content, and current news straight to your desktop or mobile device at the touch of your fingertips. The enterprise social software aspect of Jive connects business colleagues as never-before across geographical locations and throughout the organizational structure. The Jive platform is completely flexible and integrative, and will seamlessly integrate with current systems such as SharePoint and CRM tools, as well as cloud apps like Google Drive and Okta
Jive was previously known as Clearspace, Jive SBS, Jive Engage, Jive-x, Jive-n.
Download the Enterprise Content Management Buyer's Guide including reviews and more. Updated: January 2022
Jive Customers
Eloqua, Hitachi Data Systems,T-Mobile, UBM, Thomson-Reuters, Groupon, Nike, Cisco, and others.
Jive Video
A flexible solution that improves our administrative efficiency
We use Jive-n for followups on details regarding purchase orders, shipping documents, and other information.
We are able to handle more than one hundred POs at any given time with their shipping docs and info, with only one person in charge.
The search engine could be improved and also provide some kind of indexing.
We have been using Jive-n for four years.


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What Can We Do About Hollow London?
Richard Upton
There is growing concern that middle-income earners are being priced out of living in central London, neither able to buy or rent. This is creating a sort of Hollow London, with many parts of the capital unused or owned by only occasionally present foreign buyers.
This problem in our capital city is growing more severe as land values rise and rents become ever more unaffordable, forcing key workers, the younger generation and those on middle incomes further and further out from the centre of London.
In a bid to tackle the issue, we are delighted to launch our new compact living solution for London: Town Flats.
These compact flats will be for rental only, so cannot be sold on by speculators; they will be part of a building that will also have communal areas for working and entertaining; and they will be built in partnership with local authorities, making best use of currently redundant public sector land, which will remain in public ownership.
U+I has been working on the concept of Town Flats for quite some time, building and testing two prototype flats in our headquarters in Victoria, alongside architects AB Rogers and Manser Practice.
We believe we have created a compact living model that provides part of the solution for London's Housing crisis, by helping to bring younger working age adults back to central London.
To celebrate the launch, and open up the debate around compact living, we hosted a panel event addressing the property industry, public landowners and local London councils with the question: What can we do about hollow London?
The panel was chaired by John Elledge, columnist for the New Statesman and Editor of CityMetric, and panellists included: Sir Edward Lister, Chairman of the Homes and Communities Agency; Steve Lucas, Economist for the Development Economics; and Naomi Smith, Executive Director for Campaigns at London First.
U+I Deputy Chief Executive, Richard Upton, opened the event by telling everyone it was time to do more: "We have spent an inordinate amount of time talking to policymakers, landowners and anyone else who shares our ambition to breathe life back into central London. And now we're trying to make our vision a reality. We want you work with us on Town Flats. We want you to build with us. We want you to help us revitalise London."
He went on to say that: "The issue of Hollow London is more than just a development opportunity. We're conscious of the consequences of what will happen if we fail to act. Not just in terms of London's universally known housing provision problem, but for the city as a whole."
During the panel, the theme returned again and again to the need for disruptive solutions to "build more bloody homes". All panellists seemed to share the feeling that London's housing crisis had reached a crucial tipping point, and stressed the urgency for new thinking.
Steve Lucas, from Development Economics, commented that: "I think perhaps the property industry has shied away from the levels of innovation and disruptive thinking that perhaps the sector needs to consider. The scale of the challenge and the future demand, especially with the changing structure of society – which means more people will want to live in single flats – means we need change and innovation to deliver solutions."
Naomi Smith, Executive Director for Campaigns at London First remarked: "People locate to London because of its culture, because of its vibrancy and this hollowing out of London is an incredibly important concern for business. It's becoming an issue for recruitment, retention and talent and businesses are really beginning to struggle.
We're headed towards becoming a city that is filled with older people. It's no longer nurses and teachers that we're worried about being priced out of London. Frankly, looking at recent figures, it's now doctors and lawyers."
Sir Edward Lister, Chairman of the Homes and Communities Agency noted that: "We [the property industry] continue to produce the same thing, and therefore we always get back to the same problem. So, the market has to be shaken up, it is ripe for disruption. Towns Flats is a disruptor and from my perspective: great! The more disruptors the better, as with each disruptor we get closer to genuine solutions."
In the lead up to the launch event, U+I worked with Development Economics on a report, 'A new perspective on Compact-living', to compare the social and economic impacts of Town Flats with more typical central London developments.
In the report, based on an assumption of locating five Town Flat developments sites in each of the nine inner London boroughs, the key economic findings are as follows:
Town Flats would house 3,555 more working age adults than typical accommodation on the same sites
Town Flats would deliver an additional £202.5m of household expenditure a year
Town Flats would support 1,035 more local jobs
Town Flats would provide 4,770 more homes
You can read the full report here.
Following the launch, we are now looking to work with public sector bodies to make this happen, and bring life back to hollow London.
Town flats
Mayfield Partnership to submit plans this summer for first phase of £1bn development


What are the best Travel Adapters? People who travel regularly know how important it is to be able to keep your devices like phones, tablets, cameras and laptops charged while on the road. This is even more important if you are travelling internationally and your usual charger wont be compatible. To ensure you can remain connected with friends, family and work colleagues you need a good quality travel chargers and adapters. As you travel from country to country the wall sockets change making your usual chargers useless.
A quick look online and you will find thousands of models available from many different manufacturers. So how can you tell if the travel adapter you are going to buy is any good? Usually there will be USB and AC charging options to directly charge a wide range of products and the adapter should also offer sockets that work with most countries worldwide. All of this is required to be in a compact design that is easy to take on your travels.
We have searched through hundreds of different models and found what we believe to be 10 of the best travel adapters available to buy online in 2019.
This travel adapter is suitable for those working on a budget. It is actually a set of five pieces that include all the possible power plugs you might need. When you buy this set, you are given a small travel bag that easily fits three of the five chargers. You will find that this is more than enough if you intend to travel abroad. The Ceptics up-5kp International Travel Adapter is perfect for any vacation or business trip and is available to buy on Amazon.
This travel adapter can be said to be the most affordable one piece adapter. Because of its clever design, the charger can basically be used anywhere without worry. One downside of it however is that the plugs are not retractable. But putting all that aside it is a great charger that comes with an LED charging indicator and a travel bag.
This travel adapter is great for frequent travelers. This particular model comes with all the possible power plugs therefore you can use it anywhere in the world. The Orei M8 Plus comes with retractable power pins therefore it is space efficient. One down side to this charger is that it does not convert voltage. Therefore one is advised to use with devices that have dual voltage.
This travel adapter is a great travel companion as it has a simple design with two USB ports on its side and retractable power plugs. It comes in handy when charging tablets and smartphones with USB connection. Check out the latest price for the Loop Electronics Travel Adapters on Amazon.
This is an affordable solution to your travel charger needs. it contains retractable pins and can be used all over the world. It also has a built in power surge protector that cuts power to the device if ever there is a surge.
This travel charger was built for convenience. It features a detachable top that works as a basic US charger and two USB ports. The lower part contains all the others you could use. Its travel friendly and compact.
This is the best travelling kit around. It has 3 plugs and 4 usb ports, 3 different adapters and a power cable. You can use it on any socket over the world. It is not very compact, but it has the ability to convert voltage which is a plus.
This is an ideal companion due to its compact nature and that it works worldwide. It contains 2 USB posts that have fast charging technology therefore you can charge your devices faster and efficiently.
This is an incredible travel companion which utilizes a lever to change the socket for different countries. It has built in LED charge and can be used simultaneous between AC and USB ports. It also has fast charging capabilities.


text:
Les relations entre l'Union européenne et le Japon sont établies en 1959. L'UE et le Japon partagent des valeurs communes et entretiennent des relations commerciales fortes, en particulier dans les flux d'investissement.

Contexte
Les relations diplomatiques de l'UE avec le Japon sont basées sur un plan d'action datant de 2001, des liens sont maintenus tout au long de l'année et des sommets ont lieu à échéance fixe afin d'aborder différents thèmes, outre la politique étrangère, il y est également discuté des relations économiques et commerciales ainsi que des questions internationales et régionales. De nombreux échanges et rencontres dans les domaines des sciences et des technologies, ainsi que dans les entreprises et les universités ont également lieu tout au long de l'année.

Les récents échanges entre les responsables politiques japonais et européens portent sur la mise en place d'un accord de partenariat économique, accord que l'UE a mis en place avec plusieurs de ses partenaires d'Europe de l'Est et le Japon, avec ses voisins Est asiatiques. Le renouveau économique du Japon passe par une plus grande ouverture à l'international et donc par une réduction des barrières douanières, les deux économies, de par leurs niveaux de développement, les échanges technologiques et commerciaux opérés et la montée en puissance des économies émergentes ont tout intérêt à coopérer davantage dans de nombreux secteurs : santé, BTP, chimie lourde et fine, électronique ou encore les nouvelles technologies.

Relations économiques

Le Japon est l'un des partenaires commerciaux les plus importants de l'UE. Les exportations européennes vers le Japon sont principalement des machines (31,3 %) des produits chimiques (14,1 %) et des produits agricoles (11,0 %). Depuis 2006, celles-ci ont légèrement diminué. En 2009, en raison de la crise économique, les exportations européennes vers le Japon ont connu une baisse de 14,3 % mais en 2010 ces dernières ont raugmenté de 21,3 %.

L'UE est le  commercial le plus important du Japon (11,1 % de ses importations et 13,3 % de ses exportations). Les exportations japonaises en Europe sont principalement des machines et du matériel de transport (66,7 %).

En 2006, les investissements directs à l'étranger (IDE) européens au Japon représentaient un montant total de 16,2 milliards d'euros tandis que les IDE japonais en Europe représentaient un montant total de 1,6 milliard d'euros.

Les relations économiques bilatérales se caractérisent par de forts excédents commerciaux pour le Japon, qui se sont toutefois revus être modérés au cours des années 2000.

Fin , un accord de principe est trouvé pour l'accord de libre-échange entre le Japon et l'Union européenne qui est signée le .

L'économie du Japon est en 2018 le second partenaire économique asiatique de l'Union européenne derrière celle de la Chine

Sources

Références

Bibliographie

Compléments

Articles connexes
 Politique étrangère du Japon
 Politique étrangère de l'Union européenne
 Délégation de l'Union européenne au Japon
 Accord de libre-échange entre le Japon et l'Union européenne

Liens externes
 .
  Site officiel de la délégation de l'UE au Japon.
  Site officiel de la mission du Japon auprès de l'UE.
  Développements politiques et économiques en cours entre l'UE au Japon.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
A comparison of three approaches to identify West Nile Virus mosquito space-time hotspots in the Houston Vicinity for the period 2002-2011
Andrew Curtis, Xinyue Ye, Elyse Heob, Joseph Targhetta, Vence Salvato, Martin Reyna, Rudy Bueno, Louisa Holmes
From 2002 to 2011, West Nile virus mosquitoes (WNV) has been ever-present in traps across Harris County, TX which contains the city of Houston. Disease-positive trap locations have peaked twice, from 2002 to 2006 and then again from 2009 onwards. This paper will examine fine scale spatial and temporal patterns in disease-positive mosquito traps for the Houston area across this time frame, using three different analytical approaches: kernel density, spatial filtering and SaTScan. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to identify spatial and space-time clusters of WNV in order to spatially prioritize subsequent research for causative associations. Secondly, to compare the effectiveness of three methods that vary in complexity and ease of use in order to suggest a transferable methodology for mosquito control and environmental health departments across the United States with only lower level GIS skillsets. This paper also illustrates a successful ongoing academic and mosquito control collaboration with the Harris County Public Health Services Mosquito Control Division's (MCD) program.
Applied Geography
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.02.003
Environmental Science(all)
10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.02.003
Dive into the research topics of 'A comparison of three approaches to identify West Nile Virus mosquito space-time hotspots in the Houston Vicinity for the period 2002-2011'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
West Nile virus Earth & Environmental Sciences 100%
Virus Business & Economics 84%
mosquito control Agriculture & Biology 83%
mosquito Earth & Environmental Sciences 78%
Trap Business & Economics 72%
Culicidae Agriculture & Biology 57%
traps Agriculture & Biology 56%
Service Control Business & Economics 33%
Curtis, A., Ye, X., Heob, E., Targhetta, J., Salvato, V., Reyna, M., Bueno, R., & Holmes, L. (2014). A comparison of three approaches to identify West Nile Virus mosquito space-time hotspots in the Houston Vicinity for the period 2002-2011. Applied Geography, 51, 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.02.003
Curtis, Andrew ; Ye, Xinyue ; Heob, Elyse et al. / A comparison of three approaches to identify West Nile Virus mosquito space-time hotspots in the Houston Vicinity for the period 2002-2011. In: Applied Geography. 2014 ; Vol. 51. pp. 58-64.
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title = "A comparison of three approaches to identify West Nile Virus mosquito space-time hotspots in the Houston Vicinity for the period 2002-2011",
abstract = "From 2002 to 2011, West Nile virus mosquitoes (WNV) has been ever-present in traps across Harris County, TX which contains the city of Houston. Disease-positive trap locations have peaked twice, from 2002 to 2006 and then again from 2009 onwards. This paper will examine fine scale spatial and temporal patterns in disease-positive mosquito traps for the Houston area across this time frame, using three different analytical approaches: kernel density, spatial filtering and SaTScan. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to identify spatial and space-time clusters of WNV in order to spatially prioritize subsequent research for causative associations. Secondly, to compare the effectiveness of three methods that vary in complexity and ease of use in order to suggest a transferable methodology for mosquito control and environmental health departments across the United States with only lower level GIS skillsets. This paper also illustrates a successful ongoing academic and mosquito control collaboration with the Harris County Public Health Services Mosquito Control Division's (MCD) program.",
author = "Andrew Curtis and Xinyue Ye and Elyse Heob and Joseph Targhetta and Vence Salvato and Martin Reyna and Rudy Bueno and Louisa Holmes",
doi = "10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.02.003",
journal = "Applied Geography",
Curtis, A, Ye, X, Heob, E, Targhetta, J, Salvato, V, Reyna, M, Bueno, R & Holmes, L 2014, 'A comparison of three approaches to identify West Nile Virus mosquito space-time hotspots in the Houston Vicinity for the period 2002-2011', Applied Geography, vol. 51, pp. 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.02.003
A comparison of three approaches to identify West Nile Virus mosquito space-time hotspots in the Houston Vicinity for the period 2002-2011. / Curtis, Andrew; Ye, Xinyue; Heob, Elyse et al.
In: Applied Geography, Vol. 51, 07.2014, p. 58-64.
T1 - A comparison of three approaches to identify West Nile Virus mosquito space-time hotspots in the Houston Vicinity for the period 2002-2011
AU - Curtis, Andrew
AU - Ye, Xinyue
AU - Heob, Elyse
AU - Targhetta, Joseph
AU - Salvato, Vence
AU - Reyna, Martin
AU - Bueno, Rudy
AU - Holmes, Louisa
N2 - From 2002 to 2011, West Nile virus mosquitoes (WNV) has been ever-present in traps across Harris County, TX which contains the city of Houston. Disease-positive trap locations have peaked twice, from 2002 to 2006 and then again from 2009 onwards. This paper will examine fine scale spatial and temporal patterns in disease-positive mosquito traps for the Houston area across this time frame, using three different analytical approaches: kernel density, spatial filtering and SaTScan. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to identify spatial and space-time clusters of WNV in order to spatially prioritize subsequent research for causative associations. Secondly, to compare the effectiveness of three methods that vary in complexity and ease of use in order to suggest a transferable methodology for mosquito control and environmental health departments across the United States with only lower level GIS skillsets. This paper also illustrates a successful ongoing academic and mosquito control collaboration with the Harris County Public Health Services Mosquito Control Division's (MCD) program.
AB - From 2002 to 2011, West Nile virus mosquitoes (WNV) has been ever-present in traps across Harris County, TX which contains the city of Houston. Disease-positive trap locations have peaked twice, from 2002 to 2006 and then again from 2009 onwards. This paper will examine fine scale spatial and temporal patterns in disease-positive mosquito traps for the Houston area across this time frame, using three different analytical approaches: kernel density, spatial filtering and SaTScan. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to identify spatial and space-time clusters of WNV in order to spatially prioritize subsequent research for causative associations. Secondly, to compare the effectiveness of three methods that vary in complexity and ease of use in order to suggest a transferable methodology for mosquito control and environmental health departments across the United States with only lower level GIS skillsets. This paper also illustrates a successful ongoing academic and mosquito control collaboration with the Harris County Public Health Services Mosquito Control Division's (MCD) program.
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DO - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.02.003
JO - Applied Geography
JF - Applied Geography
Curtis A, Ye X, Heob E, Targhetta J, Salvato V, Reyna M et al. A comparison of three approaches to identify West Nile Virus mosquito space-time hotspots in the Houston Vicinity for the period 2002-2011. Applied Geography. 2014 Jul;51:58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.02.003


An innovative social enterprise is using design to create an energy-efficient cookstove for Kenya. By turning to an experienced Swedish architecture and design firm, the people behind the Baker cookstove wanted to make sure the stove's design was as efficient as possible and relevant to the customers' needs, while also making sure it is visually appealing and something a person would proudly want in their home.
The Baker cookstove (bakerproduct.com) has been designed to be a high-quality and desirable product that also accomplishes the goal of saving money for the user. This unique product is being developed and made at the company's factory in Nairobi, Kenya.
Baker's owner is Top Third Ventures Global (topthirdventures.com), a social-impact company registered in Kenya and founded in 2011 by American Lucas Belenky and Björn Hammar, a Swedish/Finnish entrepreneur. Their goal is to make sure that everyone in the developing world has access to an affordable, high-quality efficient cookstove.
While cooking is a daily necessity for billions of people, it is also costly and polluting. By switching to energy-efficient cookstoves, families can reduce the cost of cooking daily meals and, if the stove is designed right, cut the amount of pollution generated. One of the great obstacles to the take-up of energy-efficient cookstoves to date has been the absence of sustainable business models to sell and distribute them.
The Baker cookstove, designed as an aspirational product and backed up with a seven-year guarantee, hopes to change this dynamic. If things go to plan, the company hopes to significantly scale up its production based on customers wanting to have a Baker cookstove proudly on display in their home.
The Baker cookstove is the product of a deliberate attempt to use design and a well-thought-out production life cycle to create an item that is eye-catching, effective, and manufactured consistently to a high standard.
Designed by Claesson Koivisto Rune (http://www.ckr.se/), a Swedish architecture and design firm, the Baker cookstove is a sleek, round, modern stove and comes in eye-catching colors such as orange. It could easily fit in with other kitchen products in a high-end design shop. And that is the point: they want people to want the Baker cookstove.
Quality is key, and engineering and design teams constantly monitor the product and make adjustments to the cookstove as they receive feedback from customers.
The Baker cookstove is benefiting from new financing being made available through carbon credits, which its founders believe will bring big changes to the energy-efficient cookstove market over the next 10 years.
Baker's chief executive, Lucas Belenky, told Southern Innovator magazine – this newsletter's sister publication – about the thinking behind the Baker cookstove.
SI: What role does design play in the Baker cookstove social enterprise? At what stage did Top Third Ventures start to think through the production life cycle for the Baker cookstove? What did you feel was missing in the other cookstove models currently available on the market?
The Baker cookstove is the cornerstone of the social enterprise. Top Third Ventures is at its core a product company. There are different aspects to the business model to make it work (i.e. carbon credits and big data) but everything depends on the success of the Baker product. We started thinking through the production life cycle from the day the company was founded in late 2011. The Baker is designed for usability, aspirational value, and performance, prioritized in that order. The most important thing is that the Baker is easy to use and does not require its users to change their daily routines or cooking habits. Cooking cultures vary greatly across the developing world so it is important to understand exactly who your customer is and focus on meeting their requirements. When you have a product that is easy to use it needs to be desirable as well. Beyond the service provided, the product should make the customer feel good about themselves. Finally, the Baker cooks the same food with half the fuel and much less smoke.
The priorities seem reversed for other cookstove models on the market. Efficiency comes first, then the aesthetic design, and cultural conformity is last. Hyper-efficient cookstoves are great for health and the environment on paper but the benefits are not realized because widespread adoption isn't achieved. Most products are imposed through a top-down approach instead of starting with the customer and designing the stove around them.
SI: Why did you choose to have the Baker cookstove designed by Claesson Koivisto Rune, a Swedish architecture and design firm? What were some of the challenges encountered when designing the product and the production life cycle? What advice do you have for other social enterprises looking to offer an appealing product to low-income households?
We wanted the Baker cookstove to be an aspirational product that you use as much because of the performance (less fuel and less smoke) as because it is beautiful. Claesson Koivisto Rune believed in our vision at a very early stage and I doubt we could have gotten where we are today without them. Challenges around the design mainly involve keeping the costs down. Our customers do not have a lot of disposable income so balancing affordability with performance and world-class design is tough.
For other entrepreneurs selling to low-income households my advice is identify your customer, listen to them, and never stop listening. This is obvious to most businesses but for social enterprises sometimes the grant organizations or other dispersers of donor funding become the customer without you noticing.
Finally, often just because the consumer is in a developing country, enterprises neglect aesthetic appeal and branding. Do not do this. Your consumer behaves for the most part like their counterpart in the developed world. They want products that look nice and make them feel good.
SI: What role is information technology playing in the Baker cookstove's development? How do mobile phones help with reaching customers in Africa? How does offering software products such as Top3Tracker help Baker cookstoves?
Information technology has a huge impact in decentralized areas because it enables cheap flow of information. For Top Third Ventures it allows us to track our sales in real-time, communicate with current and future customers instantly, and gain valuable insights about how to improve the sales pitch and marketing strategy. The Baker cookstoves also depends on carbon finance, which requires a dialogue with current customers to ensure the usage of the cookstove is accurately measured. Information technology such as our Top3 Tracker significantly reduces the cost of accessing carbon finance.
SI: It is said an innovator is somebody who disrupts existing products and ways of doing things. How is Top Third Ventures innovating and disrupting the current approach to energy-efficient cookstove distribution?
We hope to change the way products for low-income households are designed, marketed, and sold. Top Third Ventures' Baker cookstove embodies our conviction that these products should be customer-centric, have aspirational value, and conform to local cultures. The success of our product will show that consumers in the developing world want the same thing as their counterparts in developed countries.
Top Third is a partner of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (cleancookstoves.org).


It is with great sadness that the family of Lorne Bueckert announces that he passed away peacefully at the Lion's Gate Hospital in North Vancouver, B.C., on August 14, 2010. Lorne was born in Moose Jaw, Sask, on May 26, 1943, to Daniel & Hilda Bueckert. After a happy childhood, including four years at Rosthern Junior College, he attended medical school at the University of Saskatchewan, graduating in 1967. Following internship at St Paul's Hospital he practised medicine in Kindersley Sask for five years, in Invermere B.C. for 28 years, and on Bowen Island in B.C. for eight years. He was predeceased by his father Daniel in 1994, his mother Hilda in 2001, his niece Danielle in 2001, and his brother Dennis in 2007. He is survived by his wife Adeline; their son Evan (and his wife Georgia, and their children Julian and Saturna) and daughter Lani (and her husband Stephen Carr); his sister-in-law Joan Bueckert (and her children Frances and Anton); his sister Elaine (and her husband Richard Maj and their children Heidi, Gretchen, Lisa, Jessica and Daniel); and many other family members and friends. Lorne had a warm and engaging personality, an extraordinary intelligence and a broad range of interests, and exceptional talents in music, photography and the arts. He loved travel and adventure, especially endurance sports, and took the greatest pleasure in the achievements of his children and grandchildren. He lived an extraordinary life of dedicated service and good times. A celebration in his memory was held at Cate's Hill Chapel, Bowen Island, Thursday August 19.


If I Fk something up via SSH, Restore will Fix?
Discussion in 'Jailbreaks and iOS Hacks' started by Hydrocity, Aug 8, 2010.
Hey, I have been looking around these forums, and I will Jailbreak tom morning when I am not tired.
I looked around, and wanna try SSH to do things such as custom ringtones, replace certain app icons, etc.
If for some stupid reason, I mess something up while SSH, my phone is not screwed right? A simple restore will fix?
Also, is SBSettings updated to work nicely with the retina display yet, or will I have to SSH.
I am going to bed now, if anyone would like to be a hero, you can link me to some tutorials, or places where I can learn to get custom SMS ringtones.
Yes. You can restore and re-jailbreak your phone. IMO it's pretty hard to screw up your phone with SSH unless you don't know what you're doing and delete some important files.
Edit: Make your own ringtones with iTunes. Google the method. There's no need to use ones already made when you can make them from your own music.
A good site for ringtones is shown below. You can download them and sync them through Itunes.
You can also get Ringtones on Cydia. However, since you lose the Cydia ones if you have to restore. I recommend using openSSH to copy them off the phone and onto the desktop and then SYNC them through Itunes.
the site doesnt seems to work nowadays, cant d.l the ringtones at all..
Not sure what your problem is I just went to the site selected an artist chose song then the iphone ringtone chose download and got it no problem.
I do this on my desktop not the phone.
i don't recommend installing winterboard. it completely kills the great battery life of the i4. i was at 52% with 51 minutes of usage and 12 hrs standby.
even after uninstalling it my battery life sucked so i had to completely restore.
I have Winterboard installed but have seen no decrease in battery life. If anything I've seen an increase. YMMV.
Simply installing WB shouldn't do that. What themes do you have?
I have WinterBoard installed and no battery life issues. If you uninstalled and the battery issue remained, it was not WinterBoard.
i only had clear lockscreen and a matte badge theme.
i know for a fact it was winterboard because i had 0 battery issues before using it. maybe not the winterboard app itself, but the themes mentioned above.
also, after i restored i reinstalled everything i had before except winterboard and my battery life is back to pre-jailbreak status.
Thanks for the help! I will probably start reading up on what to do.


Gillian Mitchell, an internationally known and respected painter, launched her own art exhibition at The Master Builder's House Hotel in Bucklers Hard recently.
Gillian Mitchell, an internationally known and respected painter, launched her own art exhibition at The Master Builders House Hotel in Bucklers Hard recently.
Hampshire born, Gillian has been painting for 30 years in a variety of locations, being fortunate enough to live and work in Devon, Scotland, Norfolk and the Dordogne area of South West France.
Following a recent move back to the UK from France, she is re-experiencing the beauty and diversity of Britain and drawing inspiration from the people and landscape here.
The Master Builders Hotel considered it extremely fortunate to be able to attract such a well known and respected painter to hold an exhibition and was delighted to welcome Gillian to the New Forest.


text:
Tech Gaming
Watch 9 minutes of Pokemon Go, Nintendo's augmented reality mobile game
Leaked beta footage has given us our best look yet at Pokemon Go, Nintendo's highly anticipated game for mobile platforms.
Luke Lancaster
April 26, 2016 8:44 p.m. PT
Luke Lancaster Associate Editor / Australia
Luke Lancaster is an Associate Editor with CNET, based out of Australia. He spends his time with games (both board and video) and comics (both reading and writing).
Catch Pokemon in the real world. That's the promise of Pokemon Go, the augmented reality mobile game from developers Nintendo and Niantic. And now, thanks to 9 minutes of leaked beta footage posted by YouTube channel Game Previews, you can see more of how Pokemon go will try to live up to that promise.
Basic gameplay involves walking around in the real world, using your phone's GPS to find new Pokemon to catch and battle. The footage shows off Go's spin on some classic Pokemon gameplay staples. There's character customisation options, actually needing to aim your Pokeballs to catch Pokemon found in the wild, a few grabs of the classic turn-based battles and running the game with either animated background or a live feed from your phone's camera.
You'll be able to play Pokemon Go on iPhone and Android when it arrives some time later this year.
Ninatic, an ex-Google startup, previously worked on a similar map-based, GPS-powered game called Ingress. Check out its work on the Pokemon Go beta while you can.
Get the CNET TVs, Streaming and Audio newsletter
Become a home entertainment expert with our handpicked tips, reviews and deals. Delivered Wednesdays.


text:
The Planning Commission meets at City Council Chambers (1644 Oak St.) on the first Monday of each month at 6:00 pm.
Appointee Date Appointed Term Expires
Jack Williams, Chair Jan. 11, 2021 Dec. 31, 2022
Scott Gold Jan. 11, 2021 Dec. 31, 2022
Joannie Jamieson Jan. 11, 2021 Dec. 31, 2022
Aaron Petersen Jan. 11, 2021 Dec. 31, 2022
Justin Rodriguez Jan. 11, 2021 Dec. 31, 2022
Statements of Economic Interests (Form 700) for Planning Commissioners can be found on the FPPC website: www.fppc.ca.gov.
There is hereby created and established a commission consisting of five (5) members to be knows as the city planning commission. The planning commission shall be and constitutes the planning agency for the city, as the same is defined in Government Code title 7, division 1, chapter 3, article 1. (Ord. 87-63, 1987)
Tourism Advisory Committee


Laptop presenter is a template that uses a 3d model laptop computer (Macbook Pro) useful for business presentations, photography portfolio, video portfolio, descriptive presentations and more.
While rotating, the laptop features on the display five placeholders each customizable by user.
The laptop has alpha Channel, so you can replace the background as you want and you can also remove the shadow.


As the leaves are finally changing colors here in the Midwest, the temperatures beginning to drop, people are starting to think of upcoming holidays. Halloween is just next week already, Thanksgiving next month, Christmas and Hanukkah arriving in December.
As the upcoming holidays bring much joy in many ways, many people begin to feel a tad stressed. Or really whacked out of joint, even. The smart consumer who realizes that massage is a great stress reliever will begin booking massage appointments, perhaps quite a few of them. It's great for their body and soul, not to mention the happy massage therapist's pocketbook. It's this time of year the massage therapists really begin to feel the strain of performing lots of deep tissue massages. We tend to not want to turn away our hurting clientele, even when we feel pain ourselves. LMTs ice their hands and wrists, offer it up and hope for the best.
Now is a great time for those therapists who only do hands on massage to learn the revitalizing skills of Ashiatsu Oriental Bar Therapy. Using your feet to caress your clients deep knots and tight muscles is a much easier way than massaging with your hands and arms. I am offering my last Ashiatsu training class of the year, Barefoot Basics and Anterior/Side-Lying, in December for those therapists who need to revive themselves before the end of the year. Check out www.ashiatsuworkshops.com/classes_schedule for more info and dates.
Now's the time to treat yourself to the best holiday gift-recieve your CEUs, get a couple of days of deep tissue massage, learn how to give the "deepest most luxurious massage on the planet!"
We are pleased to offer online payment through PayPal effective today! You can now register for Ashiatsu classes any time of day or night (baby awake? too much caffeine?) through our secure check out! If you pay in full for Barefoot Basics, you will be the happy recipient of a free cool official Ashi shirt!
Small class size, with typically no more than 8 students per instructor, allows personalized instruction for each student. Our classes are small and fun, with each student being able to observe, receive and give each stroke.
Each authorized AOBT instructor can give detailed information on each stroke, demonstrate the strokes on each student as well as guest clients, and will also help the student physically move through the stroke if that's what they need.
We've had a lot of questions about the Ashiatsu portable bars. What are they good for (or why would I want them)? What are the ashiatsu bar dimensions? Are they really portable?
The healing power of heels is now truly portable. After initial ashiatsu training in our professional training program, our grads can purchase the portable bars to demonstrate deep compression and effleurage in a variety of settings. Many ashiatsu therapists who have trained in our adaptation of the ancient shiatsu technique have had great press with their portable bars. They have taken them to Chamber of Commerce events, sporting events such as GOBA (Great Ohio Bike Adventure), car dealerships, beaches, pools and more. In fact, at the national AMTA convention in Nashville, TN a few years ago, I was the only therapist featured in the local newspaper for the entire event. Was it was because I was the best therapist at the convention? No--it was because the portable bars are such an eye catcher and photograph well.
The dimensions of the portable bars are impressive-at 7'11' high, they are 6' long and about 5 1/2 feet wide. They weigh about 75 lbs and can be set up in about 20 minutes. The Ashiatsu Oriental Bar Therapy bars cost $999 and are available to graduates of our ashiatsu training program. Shipping and packing charges are added to the cost (they are shipped from Denver). As the commercial may say, "on your MasterCard, about $1100. Marketing effects: priceless!"
Have you checked out our founder's website lately? Sporting a new look, Deepfeet.com shows the covers of magazines we've been noted in, along with links to the articles. Take a peek-there's lots of pictures of Ashiatsu grads, portable bars and permanent training facilities too.
Receptions in Fairfield, Ohio, is hosting the Chamber of Commerce Business expo. Over 100 businesses local to the city (just north of Cincinnati) will be showing off their wares and creating connections with other local business members. Progressive Chiropractic will have massage therapists doing chair massage until 6 pm.
Beginning in the spring of 2008, I will be offering the wonderful deep tissue Bamboo-Fusion training classes. Using warmed bamboo, the massage therapist will learn to knead, roll and work the client's muscles smoothly and comfortably.
Using these tools will allow the LMT to work deeply without hurting herself/himself, and will have fun doing it! Please contact me at fredettemassage@fuse.net to be put on the mailing list for more information!


text:
Contemporary, Women's Fiction, Chick Lit, Romance
After divorcing her unfaithful husband, Jana decides that a career in writing, whitewater kayaking, and adopting a cat will keep her plenty busy. And a perfectly sized and shaped device will keep her satisfied at night. But then she needs the help of Dr. Kijek, one very frustrating physical therapist.
Mystery, Suspense, Romance
David wants to interview a woman claiming to be a psychic for a new documentary — but the woman's daughter, A.J., is reluctant to let him get close. Can David uncover the secrets in A.J.'s past as he plunges into a web of passion and intrigue?
For more info or to download, visit Amazon.com. Also on Audible!
Mystery, Suspense, Cozy
Meet Trudy Loveday - smart, enthusiastic and always underestimated. In the hope of getting her out of the way, Trudy is assigned to help coroner Clement Ryder as he reopens the case of a young woman's death. She can't believe her luck - she is actually going to be working on a real murder case.
Historical, Regency, Romance
Doomed to a life of unending toil, Heather Simmons fears for her innocence—until a shocking, desperate act forces her to flee . . . and to seek refuge in the arms of a virile and dangerous stranger.
Mystery, Suspense, Military, Romance
Maia is good at her job as a top agent for a private security firm. But her latest assignment is compromised when a past mission is about to catch up with her. Now the huntress has become the hunted.
Free with Kindle Unlimited!
Billie Jean Farrar
Love these giveaways


text:
Fathers, Sons And Flying
A CNN correspondent reflects on flying as a family affair
Miles O'Brien
Published March 1, 2008 Updated February 6, 2016
For me, it all began a few thousand feet over some Michigan farmland about 40 years ago. We were somewhere between Detroit and Alpena when my father gave me a heading, told me to keep it straight and level, and then let me grab the yoke. I'll never forget the joy I felt when that 172 began responding to my whims. It was love at first flight.
From that moment on, my father had himself a fully engaged first officer and a carbon-based, self-replicating autopilot system—who needs a servo when you have a kiddo?
My dad taught me the basics of pilotage (you GPS-weaned youngsters wouldn't understand), and soon I was doing all the dead reckoning—identifying waypoints and timing the distance between them. Suddenly, those story problems from math class actually seemed relevant!
Navigating wasn't so easy given my nine-year-old stature. In fact, my first hours flying an airplane were all on instruments—not because the weather was bad or I was some kind of aviation savant, I simply couldn't see the over the glare shield. Many years later, when I began flight training for my instrument rating, my instructor marveled at my seemingly instant knack for flying under the hood. I did nothing to discourage him from believing I was a natural.
I do believe I was born with some sort of recessive aviation gene. Both of my grandfathers were pilots. My mother's dad, Russell "Duke" Riley, was a wool importer who lived in Boston. In 1933, he bought a Stinson SR Reliant (N13477) that he flew to textile mills in New England and upstate New York. He loved to tell the story of how he beat his rail-bound competitors to a mill in Cohoes, N.Y., and landed an order for a million bags of wool (a record at that time) to make army uniforms.
He claimed he was a pilot, although I doubt he ever really had a license (in any case, he always flew with someone who did have one). According to family lore, my grandfather sold his plane after a trip to New York City in some low weather with my grandmother aboard. Apparently, they got lost looking for Floyd Bennett Field and broke out of the clouds close enough to the Empire State Building that she could see the whites of the office workers' eyes. After my grandfather and the Stinson parted company, it ended up in Alaska sporting a pair of floats. Eventually, it made its way to the Seattle Museum of Flight where it now hangs from the rafters. My grandfather would be pleased to know his bird is safe and sound for posterity.
Duke's brother, Arthur, also had an affinity for things that flew. For many years he was the aviation editor of The Boston Globe. According to family lore, he coined the term "skycap"—an aviation portmanteau based on the term for railroad porters, "redcap." I'm unable to verify this either, although I'm certain he helped foist the term into the popular lexicon even if he didn't hatch it.
Arthur had the good fortune to cover the Golden Age of Aviation, the amazing years between the World Wars. Right beat...right time…I didn't even get the T-shirt.
So, I guess it was preordained that I would learn to fly. I took my first lessons in St. Petersburg, Fla., (at Albert Whitted Field) and soloed there in 1986. I finished my training in Boston (Hanscom Field) and took my checkride with the elder Mike Goulian of Executive Flyers fame in February 1988. It was a brutally cold day and the pitot-static system was iced over. Mike told me to press on, and I learned a little something about how to handle an airplane without an important system.
Miles O'Brien, a licensed pilot, is CNN's chief technology and environment correspondent.
I will never forget Mike's advice to me as he signed me into the ranks of aviators. "Always keep your skills 'wet'," he said. Easier said than done when you're trying to make ends meet and starting a family. Indeed, over the years, the only thing that stood in the way of my freedom to fly was money, or more accurately, the lack of it.
Matter of fact, the gaps in my logbook neatly match the gaps in my checkbook. But I always came back to it the moment I could because it's thrilling in ways that nonpilots don't comprehend. As all pilots know, flying is the second greatest thrill in life—the first, of course, is landing.
Seriously, for me, it's something that's completely engrossing, something that forces me to live entirely in the moment—the only timeframe that really matters equates to the amount of low-lead left in my wings. There's no time to review the office "to-do" list when the ground is rising to meet you.
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry said, "I fly because it releases my mind from the tyranny of petty things."
There's nothing like greasing that landing in a stiff crosswind…or nailing an ILS—breaking out of a cloud deck after a long slog through the scud, right at decision height, and seeing those approach lights winking their greeting…as if to say, "Nice work, flyboy. Welcome back to earth."
I guess the spirit of that nine-year-old is still alive and well inside me. Maybe that's true for all pilots. How else could you explain the time, effort and expense we commit to our engrossing avocation?
Richard Bach, who penned the story of a passionate, maverick seagull, of all things, wrote this: "Never stop being a kid. Never stop feeling and seeing and being excited with great things like air and engines and sounds of sunlight within you. Wear your little mask if you must to protect you from the world but if you let that kid disappear you are grown up and you are dead."
These days, I log a lot of time in my SR22 with my family strapped in beside me cheek to jowl. I'm sure the circus act scene doesn't jive with the image their friends conjure when my kids tell them they're headed to the Bahamas in a private plane—but, hey, we don't need no stinkin' G-V!
It warms my heart that my progeny are also imbued with a love of aviation. Nature or nurture? No way to know for sure, but probably both.
My only hope is they will always have the opportunity to turn that passion into reality if they so choose. We may not think about it too often, but we're all winners of a cosmic Lotto to be alive in this sliver of time in this extraordinary place, which allows us to individually realize a dream as old as humanity itself.
Flying may be hardwired into our DNA, but there's no guarantee our children and our children's children will also enjoy freedom to actualize the dream. It's our responsibility to keep the privilege "wet."


To enroll in a PADI Open Water Diver course, you must be 10 years old or older. You need adequate swimming skills and need to be in good physical health. No prior experience with scuba diving is required.
The MDA 5-Star Club is for divers seeking adventure! It includes discounts at all MDA locations, preferred rates on rentals and air fills, special club rates on diving and discounts at our sponsor businesses all over Guam.
Coron is located on the island of Busuanga, in the province of Palawan. Surrounded by beautiful islands with tall limestone cliffs, the small waterfront town of Coron is a quick 30 min ride from the airport, which in turn is only 55min by air from Manila, making this a very easy-to-reach destination.
Coron is considered the wreck diving capital of the Philippines. The surrounding bays hide a fleet of WWII wrecks sunk by the US Navy in 1944. The nearby islands also contain beautiful inland lakes, including Barracuda Lake, a very unique dive site with several strong thermoclines and helioclines which create multiple "second surfaces" underwater.
Outgoing (Guam to MNL): Arrive in Manila with time to connect to dive destinations by using Philippine Airlines morning flight PR0111, operating 7 days a week. For the connecting flight to your destination stick with PAL for an easier booking & connection or transfer to Cebu Pacific for slightly lower rates.
Return (MNL to Guam): Getting back to Manila in time to catch an early flight to Guam isn't possible, so use your last day to relax or do some sight-seeing. Taking a later-afternoon flight on PAL or Cebu Pacific will also minimize your stopover time in the Manila Airport.
MNL to GUM: Flights depart in the evening, around 10pm, and arrive in Guam around 4am the following day. Flight PR 0110 on Philippine Airlines.
Diving – Incredible wreck diving that's easily accessible to Open Water divers, Advanced Open Water divers and beyond. Many interesting critters and fish make their homes inside the wrecks and within the coral structures that cover them. Don't miss the unique opportunity to dive Barracuda Lake! Keep an eye out for the lake's large resident barracuda while meandering back and forth between strong helioclines and thermoclines that range from a bit cool to pleasantly warm bath water.
Mt Tapyas – Climb the 700 steps to the top of Mt Tapyas for an incredible view of the bay and surrounding islands. Time your hike right to catch a sunset that won't disappoint. The steps to Mt Tapyas begin right at the back of the town, walking distance from most hotels.
Maquinit Hot Springs – Only 20 min outside of Coron, a great place to relax in the evening and catch a sunset. Water temps range from about 100-104° F (38-40 C).
When To Go – April and May tend to have the best weather and most visitor traffic. Dry season extends from December – May, with wet season from June – November.
Please be aware of required local permits and airport departure fees.
These must be paid in cash at your destination and are not included in travel packages.
Permits are purchased through the tour operator at your destination. Departure fees are paid at the airport upon departure.
The Marine Sanctuaries of the Philippines provide incredible diving and require small fees for diving and camera use. These are relatively inexpensive and may vary depending on where the day's diving takes you. Sanctuary fees are paid directly to your dive operator and are not included in dive packages.
There are no departure fee's required in Coron.


text:
Home Exclusives
Access Holding Plc: An imminent share price surge is inevitable
byAnalysts Nairametrics
in Exclusives, Market Views, Markets, Spotlight
Herbert Wigwe, CEO of Access Bank
Access Holding Plc's share price has been lagging behind its earnings and seems not to reflect its market valuation.
While its earnings have grown on average by 21.39% per year over the past five years, its share price has fallen on average by 2.30% per year.
For example, in the 2017 FY, the bank reported a profit after tax of N60.074 billion compared to N158 billion reported in FY 2021, more than double in less than 5 years. Earnings per share (EPS) has also risen from N3.3 to N4.5 during this period.
But on the flip side, the share price of the bank peaked in 2018; rising to as high as N13.35 on March 15th, 2018. Despite the EPS growth, it is yet to hit that level since then.
More recently, Access Holdings Plc reported its highest gross earnings in 9 years, amounting to N906.9 billion in 9M 2022, representing a 30.85% growth.
The financial statements show that profit after tax was N137.006 billion in 9M 2022 representing a growth of 12.27% from N122.030 billion a year earlier.
They also reported an EPS growth of 12.14% year-on-year to N3.88 in 9M 2022, compared to N3.46 a year earlier.
The bank's trailing twelve months' earnings per share is N5.05 per share and higher than the earnings per share reported in the full year of 2021.
The bank's offshore investments have continued to pay off; helping in diversifying its specific market risks.
But while earnings grew by 12.27% in the first nine months, the Bank's share price declined by about 8.6% having opened the year with a share price of N9.30 and ended at N8.50. It is as if, the higher its earnings the lower its valuation.
The future: In a bid to assure shareholders that the past is not a reflection of the future, the bank hosted an investment forum where it outlined its 5-year growth plans.
At the event held on the 17th of January, Access released to the investing public its 2027 5-year strategy document, projecting a healthy and improved return on equity of 25%-30% by 2027 compared to the 18% in 2021, to be driven by improvements in cost to income ratio (CIR).
According to the report, the group expects to see its net interest margin rise to >6% from the 4.3% recorded in 2021 FY on an expected increase in lending within the core Bank and growth in LendCo's business.
The Holdco's offshore investments are expected to increase and continue to be used as a tool to diversify and mitigate primary country risk.
By 2027, Holdco expects the Nigerian subsidiary would be contributing about 52% of revenues compared to the 82% revenue it contributed to group revenue as of Q3 2022.
PBT contributions from Nigeria Bank are expected to reduce from c.63% (9M'22) to c.33%, while the new verticals are expected to contribute c.19% of the profitability by 2027, while African Subsidiaries will contribute c.20% as our footprint grows across the Continent.
As exciting as this future looks for Access Bank, shareholders will be pondering what it could take for the bank's current share price to reflect not just the future but the present.
Is it undervalued? At N5.05 EPS (TTM) the bank is trading at a trailing twelve months price-to-earnings ratio of 1.77x, which is below the peer average ratio of 2.4x and the African Banks Industry average ratio of 5.4x, which makes it cheaper and of a good value.
FBNH which shares a similar EPS trades at around N11 per share.
Also its low price-to-earnings growth (PEG) ratio of 0.09x, below 1x also is an indication that the stock is undervalued; affirmed also by a price-to-book ratio of 0.31x below 1x.
The bank's share price also delivers a dividend yield of 11.2%. This is notable and higher than the bottom 25% and in the top 25% of dividend payers in the NG Market. The bank has consistently paid dividends in the last 10 years and payments have increased over the past 10 years.
Nairametrics projects around N6.00, which at a multiple of 1.77x could see the share price valued at N10.62 per share.
So why is the market still valuing the stock at N8.50?
It is easy to point to its outstanding shares of the company which currently stands at about 35.5 billion units second only to its fellow tier 1 bank FBNH with 35.9 billion units.
Conventional wisdom among traders suggests, the higher the share volume the more susceptible to price swings at the lower end.
However, this is not enough to keep the bank's share price undervalued for this long and in the near future .
At the current price-to-earnings multiple of 1.7x, a share price surge is inevitable for Access Bank.
Note: The writer, Nairametrics, or any of its staff may or may not hold shares in any of the companies under review. This analysis should not be taken as an investment recommendation but merely the opinion of the author(s).
Mustafa Baturi says:
Why should investors trust your projections? The share price has been stagnnnt for years.
Of course, the shares would likely rally to the predicted values when dividend seeking investors start taking positions after the release of 2022 full year results. But for me, that would still be a below par price performance for a bank of that size. I think they need to increase their dividend pay-outs substantially if the want their share price to get close to N20 which is where I think the company shares belong.


text:
GROUP.BR PRESENTS INSIDE THE WILD HEART
Genre: Drama, Other
Group.BR
Group.BR presents
INSIDE THE WILD HEART
An Immersive Theatrical Experience
based on the works of Clarice Lispector
Benefit Performance: October 27, 2018
Group.BR, New York's only Brazilian theatre company presents INSIDE THE WILD HEART, a fully immersive theatrical experience based on the works of Brazil's most acclaimed Jewish writer, Clarice Lispector. The show will run from October 18 - November 18, 2018, Thursdays through Sundays at Aich Studios, 218 E. 25th Street, New York NY 10010, with a benefit performance on October 27, 2018. For more information and to purchase tickets, please visit https://www.group.br.com/productions-inside-the-wild-heart.
Conceived by Group .BR co-founders Andressa Furletti and Debora Balardini, Inside the Wild Heart had a successful run in 2016 directed by Regina Miranda at Immersive Gallery, Williamsburg. Now the show finds its way to Aich Studios, a multilevel brownstone that fulfills the original vision, where a house becomes not only Clarice's home but her inner world as well. Built in 1848, and converted to a foundry at the turn of the century, Aich will host this new, revamped production directed by Linda Wise, a long time master, and collaborator of the company. "Linda Wise has definitely lived up to our expectation as Andressa and I caught her up to our 3-year process of researching and developing this production" said Debora Balardini, Executive Director of Group .BR and one of the performers in the piece. This immersive theatrical experience integrates visual arts, film, music, and performance art.
"If you were you, how would you be and what would you do?" - Clarice Lispector
The moment you get Inside the Wild Heart, you are free to choose whom to follow, where to go, how much time you spend in each room. Be a spectator or an active participant while experiencing literature on a sensorial level. As Lispector reminds us: "Getting lost is also a way."
I found the writing of Clarice Lispector extraordinary. Her literature is really out of the ordinary and extremely pertinent and challenging. I admire her writing and believe she is one of the most exceptional writers I have read. - director Linda Wise
With a full body of work translated into many languages, the worldwide literary scene is finally recognizing Lispector as not just a Brazilian or Latin American talent, but as one of the most important writers of our time. Benjamin Moser describes her as the most important Jewish writer since Franz Kafka and the New York Times lauds her as "An enigmatic author who can be addictive". Lispector's trademark stream-of-consciousness writing style is often compared to Virginia Woolf and James Joyce. In fact, Clarice's Complete Stories was recognized among the best books of 2015, by the New York Times & the Boston Globe. The underlying thread across Lispector's work is the questioning of oneself & humanity. Her work is universal, transcending ethnicity, race, religion, time, gender & place. Many people say that you don't just read Clarice, you experience it.
Now, curious and enthusiasts of Clarice's writings in New York will have the opportunity to experience her work through the performing arts and her themes of faith, freedom, madness, time, solitude, violence, identity, time, and love. "Clarice's books put readers in contact with their inner world by establishing an intimate and close dialogue with them. This is one of the aspects of Clarice's literature we want to be loyal to. That's why the show is immersive and the audience and actors are so close to each other. That is how reading Clarice feels to me, almost like a gentle whisper in the ear." points out Group .BR's Artistic Director, Andressa Furletti.
The performance space is also available for Installation Visits on the weekends beginning 10/21: an opportunity to explore the venue outside of the performance.
Get Inside the Wild Heart and enjoy the art installations of the play. Take your time to watch videos, hear audio, leave your notes and take pictures.
Tickets for an Installation Visit are $15-20 and are available at https://www.eventbrite.com/e/inside-the-wild-heart-installations-visit-no-performance-tickets-50615196415. * Please note that Installation Visit tickets do not include performance of the play.
Thursday - Saturday at 8 PM
Sunday at 7 PM
Benefit performance on October 27th
Aich Studio - 218 E 25th St, New York, NY 10010
Conceived and Dramaturgy by ANDRESSA FURLETTI and DEBORA BALARDINI
Directed by LINDA WISE
Produced by GROUP .BR, MONICA VILELA AND ROBERTA FERNANDES
Original score by SERGIO KRAKOWSKI
Costume design by JUSSARA LEE
Video design by PAUL LEOPOLD
Light design by CHARLIE JARBOE
Set design and art installations by MONTSERRAT VARGAS and ANDRESSA FURLETTI
Director Assistant STEPHANIE MACHADO
Stage Manager KRISTIN RION
Production interns FABIA LUCYANA, MITCHELL BUENO and SAMI MUSHI
ANDRESSA FURLETTI * DEBORA BALARDINI * FABIANA MATTEDI * GIO MIELLE * GONÇALO RUIVO * IBSEN SANTOS * PATRICIA FAOLLI * MIRKO FAIENZA * MONTSERRAT VARGAS * YASMIN SANTANA
Live music by: MARIO FORTE
* There will be partial nudity.
* After admission, the audience will embark in an individual journey and may stay Inside the Wild Heart for as long as they wish up to closing time.
* The performance lasts about 2 hours without intermission.
* The audience will be admitted 15 minutes prior to the performance time.
* Late admittance is at the discretion of Group .BR's staff.
* This performance is not recommended for audience members who are not comfortable standing, walking and climbing stairs or being alone. We will try our best to accommodate to any special needs but we kindly ask patrons to contact the production in advance so we can discuss each case. Because of the immersive nature of this piece, audiences may be standing for several minutes at a time over the course of the performance. We recommend wearing comfortable shoes.
* The environment contains a number of textures, so as water, ink, clay and beverages that can potentially stain clothing or shoes. We do not take responsibility for patrons' personal items and advise you to keep this in mind when dressing for the show.
* No under 16 years old unaccompanied is admitted. All participants MUST present a valid ID at the door.
* Audience members that act disrespectfully towards the performers, staff or other audience members will be asked to leave the Wild Heart with no refunds.
* Photography is permitted only without the use of flash. We kindly ask the audience to be mindful of not disturbing other audience members if taking pictures.
* Group .BR highly recommends people with severe food allergies to not accept any food or beverage that might be offered during the performance.
* There is a cat in the space. We kindly ask the audience to not chase it. People with cat allergy should be aware of the presence of the cat. As much as we keep the space clean, you may be in contact with cat's hair.
* We encourage the audience to participate but respect their desire to participate or not.
* Scenes happen simultaneously, the audience is free to create their own journey and to get lost inside Clarice Lispector's wild heart.
About Group .BR - www.group.br.com | @groupdotbr | www.facebook.com/group.br
Group .BR is New York's only Brazilian theater company.Its mission is to present Brazilian culture through the performing arts to New York. It serves enthusiasts of multicultural arts, contemporary, physical and avant-garde theatre. Since its inception in 2011, the company has become known for its public readings, Brazilian cultural events, and fully produced theater performances and continues to serve as the voice of Brazilian culture beyond stereotypes. The company was nominated to the Innovative Theater Awards in 2014, received several nominations and earned Andressa Furletti an award for Best Actress at the 2017 Brazilian International Press Award.Group .BR's partners for Inside the Wild Heart include Materials for the Arts (MFTA), PUNTO Space, the Nancy Quinn Fund, a program of the Alliance of Resident Theatres/New York (A.R.T/New York), New Directions, Natura Brasil, Leblon and Avianca Brasil.
About Aich Studio - https://www.aichstudio.com/
Aich Studio is one of the few remaining buildings in New York City that has preserved its original character and history. Built in 1848, and converted to a foundry at the turn of the century, Aich Studio offers three unique spaces: the Studio, the Loft, and the Apartment. The building features over 3000 Sq feet, 20 foot ceilings, skylights, an outdoor patio, and flexible interiors including kitchens. The space is ideal for a variety of activities including photo and video shoots, theater productions, interviews, talks, concerts, receptions, fashion events, and weddings. The building is zoned as a private business and is available 24/7.
About Clarice Lispector (1920 - 1977)
Clarice Lispector was a Brazilian writer acclaimed internationally for her innovative novels and short stories. Born to a Jewish family in Podolia in Western Ukraine, she later moved as an infant to Brazil with her family, amidst the disasters engulfing her native land following the First World War. While in law school in Rio, she began publishing her first journalistic work and short stories, catapulting to fame at the age of 23 with the publication of her first novel, Near to the Wild Heart (Perto do Coração Selvagem), written as an interior monologue in a style and language that was considered revolutionary in Brazil. In 1959, she began producing her most famous works, including the stories of Family Ties (Laços de Família), the great mystic novel The Passion According to G.H. (A Paixão Segundo G.H.), and Água Viva. Injured in an accident in 1966, she spent the last decade of her life in frequent pain, steadily writing and publishing novels and stories until her premature death in 1977. She has been the subject of numerous books, and references to her and her work are common in Brazilian literature and music. Several of her works have been turned into films. In 2009, the American writer Benjamin Moser published Why This World: A Biography of Clarice Lispector. Since that publication, her works have been the object of an extensive project of retranslation, published by New Directions Publishing and Penguin Modern Classics. She is the first Brazilian to enter that prestigious series.
Click for Schedule
click here to close
Benefit Performance: October 27, 2018:10/18/201810/19/201810/20/201810/21/201810/22/201810/23/201810/24/201810/25/201810/26/201810/27/201810/28/201810/29/201810/30/201810/31/201811/1/201811/2/201811/3/201811/4/201811/5/201811/6/201811/7/201811/8/201811/9/201811/10/201811/11/201811/12/201811/13/201811/14/201811/15/201811/16/201811/17/201811/18/2018:
Theater: Aich Studios
Address: 218 East 25th St.
Google Maps Cost:$30-65
Buy Tickets Online or Call: at


text:
copyright:
  years: 2016, 2017
lastupdated: "2017-02-21"

---

{:shortdesc: .shortdesc}
{:codeblock: .codeblock}
{:screen: .screen}
{:pre: .pre}

# Using the Watson Translator package
{: #openwhisk_catalog_watson_translator}

The `/whisk.system/watson-translator` package offers a convenient way to call Watson APIs to translate.

The package includes the following actions.

| Entity | Type | Parameters | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `/whisk.system/watson-translator` | package | username, password | Package for text translation and language identification  |
| `/whisk.system/watson-translator/translator` | action | payload, translateFrom, translateTo, translateParam, username, password | Translate text |
| `/whisk.system/watson-translator/languageId` | action | payload, username, password | Identify language |

**Note**: The package `/whisk.system/watson` is deprecated including the actions `/whisk.system/watson/translate` and `/whisk.system/watson/languageId`.

## Setting up the Watson Translator package in Bluemix

If you're using OpenWhisk from Bluemix, OpenWhisk automatically creates package bindings for your Bluemix Watson service instances.

1. Create a Watson Translator service instance in your Bluemix [dashboard](http://console.ng.Bluemix.net).

  Be sure to remember the name of the service instance and the Bluemix organization and space you're in.

2. Refresh the packages in your namespace. The refresh automatically creates a package binding for the Watson service instance that you created.

  ```
  wsk package refresh
  ```
  {: pre}
  ```
  created bindings:
  Bluemix_Watson_Translator_Credentials-1
  ```
  ```
  wsk package list
  ```
  {: pre}
  ```
  packages
  /myBluemixOrg_myBluemixSpace/Bluemix_Watson_Translator_Credentials-1 private
  ```

## Setting up a Watson Translator package outside Bluemix

If you're not using OpenWhisk in Bluemix or if you want to set up your Watson Translator outside of Bluemix, you must manually create a package binding for your Watson Translator service. You need the Watson Translator service user name, and password.

- Create a package binding that is configured for your Watson Translator service.

  ```
  wsk package bind /whisk.system/watson-translator myWatsonTranslator -p username MYUSERNAME -p password MYPASSWORD
  ```
  {: pre}

## Translating text

The `/whisk.system/watson-translator/translator` action translates text from one language to another. The parameters are as follows:

- `username`: The Watson API user name.
- `password`: The Watson API password.
- `payload`: The text to be translated.
- `translateParam`: The input parameter indicating the text to translate. For example, if `translateParam=payload`, then the value of the `payload` parameter that is passed to the action is translated.
- `translateFrom`: A two-digit code of the source language.
- `translateTo`: A two-digit code of the target language.

- Invoke the `translator` action in your package binding to translate some text from English to French.

  ```
  wsk action invoke myWatsonTranslator/translator \
  --blocking --result \
  --param payload "Blue skies ahead" --param translateFrom "en" \
  --param translateTo "fr"
  ```
  {: pre}
  ```json
  {
      "payload": "Ciel bleu a venir"
  }
  ```

## Identifying the language of some text

The `/whisk.system/watson-translator/languageId` action identifies the language of some text. The parameters are as follows:

- `username`: The Watson API user name.
- `password`: The Watson API password.
- `payload`: The text to identify.

- Invoke the `languageId` action in your package binding to identify the language.

  ```
  wsk action invoke myWatsonTranslator/languageId \
  --blocking --result \
  --param payload "Ciel bleu a venir"
  ```
  {: pre}
  ```json
  {
    "payload": "Ciel bleu a venir",
    "language": "fr",
    "confidence": 0.710906
  }
  ```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub