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Property-rights initiatives threaten environmental protections in four Western states
By Dan Whipple on Oct 17, 2006
Field of dreams or field of nightmares? It depends who you ask.
Photos: iStockphoto
When you hear the phrase "a perfect storm," it's likely to conjure images of roiling whitecaps, perhaps a daring Coast Guard rescuer dangling from a helicopter to pull half-drowned sailors from their foundering vessels. Chances are the last thing it will bring to mind is land-use regulation.
But in four Western states, the unexpected confluence of two largely unrelated land-use issues — a "perfect storm" of popular dissatisfaction — is threatening to undo rules that have guided the development of Western communities for a generation or more.
On Election Day, voters in Arizona, California, Idaho, and Washington will face statewide ballot initiatives that would require taxpayers to pay landowners if a zoning rule or environmental law reduces the speculative value of their property. In some places, if a government couldn't pay, it would have to waive rules that limit what, or where, a landowner may build. These "regulatory takings" initiatives are styled after a controversial initiative, Measure 37, that Oregon voters approved in 2004 — but this time, supporters have a new weapon in their arsenal.
Backers of the initiatives are billing them as a way to curb abuse of eminent domain — the power of a government to seize property, with fair-market compensation, for a public purpose. They are hoping to capitalize on popular outrage over last year's U.S. Supreme Court decision allowing the city of New London, Conn., to condemn private homes for a private economic development project. But in doing so, they are falsely equating limits on development with government seizure of homes.
Sound confusing? That's exactly what the initiatives' proponents are counting on.
Eminent domain and regulatory takings are two separate issues. In fact, the Nevada Supreme Court ruled in early September that an initiative in that state that addressed both issues had to be narrowed to just one (it now focuses solely on eminent domain). Still, the national anti-regulation movement sees the combination as a chance to spread the revolution ushered in by Oregon's Measure 37.
Meanwhile, environmentalists and supporters of land-use planning are fighting to squelch what they see as a radical infringement on the rights of communities to protect property values and ecosystems and to shape growth.
And voters are left trying to sort out the perplexing details.
Yes, Your Eminents
In June 2005, the U.S. Supreme Court breathed new life into the property-rights debate when it ruled, in Kelo v. City of New London, that the city could clear the path for a development project that included a $270 million research facility owned by pharmaceutical giant Pfizer.
The idea of forcing working-class people out of their homes for the benefit of a private developer provoked outrage, whatever the potential boon to local tax coffers. Property-rights groups pounced on the ruling to stoke fear that governments everywhere were poised to seize homes for big developments. Demand for reform of eminent domain — not normally high on anyone's list of sexy political issues — suddenly became hot.
"The reaction to Kelo was a big surprise," says Dartmouth College economist William Fischel. "To those of us who follow this issue, it was just reaffirmation of a long-standing principle. But the rest of the country went, 'Say what?' We had this wonderful perfect-storm convergence."
Less than a year after the Supreme Court handed down its decision, the Reason Foundation, a libertarian think tank, published a 64-page report entitled "Statewide Regulatory Takings Reform: Exporting Oregon's Measure 37 to Other States" [PDF]. The report specifically acknowledged the debt to the eminent-domain decision: "The national property-rights movement has been galvanized in recent years by Measure 37's passage, as well as widespread popular disenchantment with the abuse of eminent domain highlighted by the U.S. Supreme Court's Kelo vs. New London decision. Public recognition of the need to protect the constitutional rights of private property owners has never been higher."
No one has done more to push this agenda than Howard Rich, a Reason Foundation contributor and chair of the group Americans for Limited Government. Rich has reportedly contributed nearly $3 million to these initiatives in the West — more than three-quarters of all the funding the efforts have received.
Americans for Limited Government did not return several phone calls requesting comment. Its website says the bundle of initiatives, which it calls Protect Our Homes, "stops the government from taking your home simply because they want higher tax revenues. It also provides protection from regulatory takings, ensuring just compensation if the government devalues your property through regulatory actions."
While many in the opposing camp agree that eminent-domain reform should be addressed, it's the mish-mashing of the two issues that causes concern. "They're trying to slip these takings initiatives through the back door, riding Kelo in the front door," says Jason Jordan, a former government-relations consultant for the American Planning Association who heads a firm called Advocacy Associates. "That is clearly the strategy the property-rights community has embraced around these initiatives."
Even without the added layer of eminent domain, the takings question is a messy one. Zoning decisions are always a sensitive balance between the rights of property owners and the responsibility of government to protect the public welfare. The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution says, in part, "nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation." Currently, under guidance established by the U.S. Supreme Court, land is usually only considered "taken" when the landowner has been denied "all economically viable use" of the property — not in the event of a partial loss like a perceived devaluation from zoning. But property-rights advocates want to extend the definition.
The Board Giveth, and the Board Taketh Away
Say a landowner with 100 acres wants to subdivide, and the zoning board says he has to allocate an acre for every house. The property-rights camp's argument now goes that if the developer wants to put up, say, 10 houses per acre, he should be compensated for the difference in income denied by the zoning decision. The zoning board argues that it is protecting the neighborhood's quality of life, and enforcing desires of the existing residents for slower, smarter growth.
Property-rights activists kick up a fuss about government preventing individuals from doing whatever they want on their land, but environmentalists point out that land-use regulations protect individuals and their property — by, say, keeping a person's neighbor from building a hazardous-waste incinerator next door, or preventing an agri-biz conglomerate from putting up a factory farm at the edge of a subdivision.
While such decisions might reduce the perceived value of one landowner's property, they may actually increase the value of nearby property by keeping a neighborhood more clean and desirable, or by restricting the amount of land available for new housing, thus making existing housing more sought after. In fact, this complexity suggests that the fundamental premise of the initiatives may be flawed. "Some people have asked, If there is such a thing as a regulatory taking, aren't there just as many regulatory 'givings'?" says David Goldberg, communications director of Smart Growth America.
The only systematic research on the question of increased values through zoning appears to be work by University of Washington extension student John Abbotts. He looked at changes to land values in rural King County, Wash., from 1993 to 2004, and found that regulated land appeared to gain more value than land not covered by regulations.
"These takings initiatives say that when you change a regulation and it reduces the speculative value of my property, you have to pay that," Goldberg says. "The absurdity of it becomes clear when you look at the inverse: if you change a regulation that increases the value of my property, I owe [the government] the total amount of the profit."
Of course, no one's filing a claim in Oregon under the latter principle.
Since Measure 37 passed there, nearly 3,000 claims have been filed for compensation, totaling more than $5 billion, according to Portland State University's Measure 37 database. The most notorious of these claims, which was profiled in The New York Times, is for $203 million for a parcel of private property that's surrounded by the Newberry National Volcanic Monument. The owner of the property wants to be compensated for a pumice mine and power plant that he can't build.
Many observers think the passage of Measure 37 was in part a reaction to Oregon's aggressive land-use regulations. "Oregon's land-use regulations are awfully extreme, more extreme than any other place, especially their restrictions on out-of-city development," says Fischel. "This extremity creates polarized factions, gets good sympathetic stories, and creates a backlash."
According to Eric Stachon of 1,000 Friends of Oregon, a group that supports the state's land-use controls, "People didn't understand what they were voting on in 2004." The poster case during the campaign for Measure 37 was a nonagenarian who was prohibited from building a long-coveted home on land she owned, and residents "thought they were just voting on allowing a little old lady to build her dream home," he says. "When we conducted focus groups about the measure, people felt that the potential impacts we're now seeing were not believable.
"I think voters support individuals being able to do certain things, within limits, on their land," Stachon says, "but they also support the land-use planning that we have in this state. If you had a statewide vote on this in November, given what folks know now, it would be a very different outcome."
Outcome, Outcome, Wherever You Are
Anti-regulation advocates haven't limited their efforts to the states considering ballot initiatives this fall, but they've run into trouble in other areas. A Measure 37 clone in Georgia didn't get out of the state legislature. A statewide ballot initiative effort in Colorado was suspended in June after negotiations between the proponents and lawmakers. Missouri and Montana struck down takings measures for technical reasons. A proposal for an Oklahoma initiative didn't make the ballot because the court ruled that it addressed more than one issue, much like the Nevada decision. The South Carolina legislature considered, but couldn't agree on, takings language for a ballot initiative. And in June, voters in Napa County, Calif., rejected a takings initiative by 64 percent to 36 percent.
Meanwhile, California's version of the takings initiative, Proposition 90, has spurred the creation of a broad coalition of opponents. "We agree that we need to do something to address eminent-domain abuses, but Prop 90 is not what we need," says Kathy Fairbanks, a spokesperson for the "No on 90" campaign. "The regulatory takings provisions are too extreme. They will result in costing billions of dollars."
"It would be so expensive, it would diminish our ability to keep up with population growth in both metro and rural areas," echoes Nick Bollman, the founder and senior adviser of the California Center for Regional Leadership. And Tom Steinbach, executive director of California's Greenbelt Alliance, says, "Prop 90 would create a huge financial burden for government and for taxpayers. It [would] put a dramatic chilling effect on new protections for the environment, public health, and safety."
Will this emphasis on economics and smart growth hit home with voters, or will the specter of government seizures loom larger? We'll find out on Nov. 7. Planner Jordan says the public polling he's seen from the various states is "all over the place." But one thing, he says, has become clear: "The more people learn about the initiatives, the less support they express."
Check out the Reason Foundation report [PDF], and for an opposing view, see the American Planning Association's regulatory takings rundown. Better yet, peruse the texts of each state's takings initiative: Arizona's Prop 207, California's Prop 90 [PDF], Idaho's Prop 2, and Washington's I-933 [PDF].
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The study shows that those who take photos of themselves and post them in supportive online groups are more likely to stay on track than those who don't.
The research, which was co-authored by Dr. Sonya A. Grier at the American University Kogod School of Business, examined the role of virtual communities and public commitment when it comes to weight loss.
The study tracked surgical and non-surgical weight loss groups over the course of four years. Researchers found that participation and sharing of successes (in virtual support communities) was a key factor in the participants' weight loss.
"In our investigation of Virtual Support Communities (VSCs), we found that social identity motivates public commitment in support of goal attainment. The sharing of intimate information and photos about weight loss goals in virtual space is a key factor in motivating behaviors that fulfill that new thinner identity, and thus helps people reach their goals," says Grier.
VSC's allow the participant to remain somewhat anonymous, while giving them control over how much of their journey they are willing to share. The process of building a community among like-minded individuals is also important. Furthermore, many people simply don't receive the support they require from the people they are surrounded by on a daily basis. So the VSC gives them that supportive and safe space.
Simply sign up for a program and we will take care of the rest! Hope to see you there.


Biomass comes in all three forms: solid, liquid and gas. It is the biodegradable part of products, refuse and residue from agriculture, including plant and animal substances from forestry, but also all that is biodegradable from industrial and urban refuse.
Biomass can be used for heating, as fuel for vehicles (biodiesel or bioethanol) or in producing electrical current (with biogas). The greatest advantage comes from biomass being an accumulated energy that can be stored.
protecting the environment by not polluting it.
operations and maintenance for the enitre period in which the systems function.


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Aramex Vs. DHL Vs. FedEx
Change Delivery Address
DHL Delivery Hours
DHL Shipment on Hold
FedEx Holidays 2020
FedEx Return to Sender
Fedex Delivery Hours
USPS Holidays 2020
How Long Does DHL Shipping Take?
Charles Helms November 6, 2020
Most of us are familiar with one of the famous and everlasting shipping services of DHL. It is one of the best international shipping service centers all over the world.
Most of people make use of these services to deliver important packages, files, documents from one place to another. But most of us may doubt that At what time will the services of DHL will be available.
Whether it's from china to china, uk to usa, germany to usa, china to usa, india to usa etc. Guide on Shipping process from the USA to Nigeria with DHL
So, today we are going to know about the estimated delivery timings of DHL Shipping in this article.
Well, the time depends on the starting and the ending point of the delivery. Before delivering the package, DHL opens the package and check whether there are not any illegal things, and after doing necessary changes, DHL makes sure that there are no items should not be shipped. Once the process has done, it delivers the package automatically.
Usually DHL express takes less than five days to deliver an international package. If the origin country is China and the destination is the U.S, it takes 3.5 days on an average to deliver the package. The sending of the package from one place to another also depends on the size, shape, and the stuff in the package.
Check other guides:
Does DHL Deliver On Saturday – 2020?
Does DHL Deliver On Sundays – 2020?
Does DHL Deliver On Weekends – 2020
Any number delivery depends on where you are and where the delivery has to be dispatched. It also provides domestic as well as international shipping with different methods.
What You Will Know
0.1 Domestic Shipping Methods:
0.2 International Shipping Methods:
1 DHL Services Estimated Delivery Timelines
1.1 DHL Express 9.00:
1.2 DHL Express 10.30:
2 DHL Contact Number List
3 FAQs on DHL Delivery Times
3.1 Is DHL faster than FedX?
3.2 What are the advantages of delivery with DHL?
3.3 How long does DHL eCommerce take to ship?
3.4 Does DHL deliver on Saturdays?
3.5 Why is DHL the best delivery service?
3.6 How to track your DHL package?
3.7 Is DHL Estimated delivery date accurate?
3.8 Can you use DHL for heavy packages?
3.9 Does one have to be a retailer to use DHL?
3.10 Which all companies use DHL?
4 Conclusion:
Domestic Shipping Methods:
Shipping takes approximately 3-8 business days (Monday-Saturday) for standard shipping.
International Shipping Methods:
DHL International Standard: 1-3 weeks standard.
DHL International Expedited: 4-12 business days.
The DHL shipping usually takes 1-3 weeks. It has the following service timelines as follows.
DHL Services Estimated Delivery Timelines
DHL Express 9.00:
A door-to-door delivery before 9.00 am, on the next possible day you may get your money back if the delivery has not done in the correct time.
DHL Express 10.30:
A door-to-door delivery before 10.30 am, on the next possible day you may get your money back if the delivery has not done in the correct time.
A door-to-door delivery before 12.00 noon on the next possible day and the money will return if the shipment has not done in the correct time.
The delivery of the package also depends on the factors of the option which you have chosen such as weeks, months, hours, or Same Day Delivery, also depends on some factors such as the traffic, weather conditions. If in case you face any problem regarding the delivery of packages we recommend you visit the home page of the shipping center or contact the numbers shown below.
DHL Contact Number List
Tracking service: 08443069176
Courier help: 08443069176
Report fraud: 03001232040
The DHL also provides its services on weekends also, but the delivery charges will be $50 more as compared in the normal days.
FAQs on DHL Delivery Times
Is DHL faster than FedX?
Both of the logistics services have their own unique merits and demerits. While FedX is a better option for rapid deliveries in the U.S, DHL offers competitive prices for delivering overseas. To that end, it's ultimately the choice of the individual, and it greatly depends on their business type and needs.
What are the advantages of delivery with DHL?
There are multiple advantages to choosing DHL as the delivery partner. Some of them are:
The international presence of the brand across 220 countries
The company does not charge any pickup fee
Offers sea delivery
DHL has a door-to-door delivery option
Equipped with air delivery service
The company has an international help desk
There are dedicated DHL e-commerce service for the online merchants
How long does DHL eCommerce take to ship?
It has to be borne in mind that the delivery time heavily depends on the products being delivered, the origin of the delivery and the destination of the same. While it might take just 2-3 days to deliver to the neighbouring countries, it can take up to 20 days for the long-distance ones. The merchant or online shop, however, indicates the time of delivery.
Does DHL deliver on Saturdays?
Yes, they do. The company has a delivery option on Saturday. In most of the European countries, the standard delivery option is between Monday to Saturday. However, there are certain places where Saturday does not fall under the standard delivery category. However one can still get a delivery on Saturday in such places since DHL provides optional services like non-standard billing option and delivery services.
In other words, you can choose the service as per your requirement while using DHL. Unfortunately, this special service is not available in all locations.
Why is DHL the best delivery service?
DHL currently operates in 220 countries with 500,000 employees. Thus the work is completed in time and is more streamlined.
Additionally, the company meets the requirements of the direct express customers with more than 100,000 international experts. The company operates 250 aircraft and a fleet of 40,000 vehicles worldwide. With all these advantages over the other delivery services, DHL is indeed better than other brands.
How to track your DHL package?
There are many ways to track your parcel on DHL. You can use the online tracking service where you put in your 10 digit tracking number and get the status of your delivery.
You can also reach your shipment using WhatsApp. All you need to do is add the DHL Express WhatsApp number to your contacts and start to chat. Following that enter your 10 digit tracking number in the chat and ask for the update.
You can also try emailing, texting or calling the customer service to get details about the status of the shipment as well.
Is DHL Estimated delivery date accurate?
DHL promises delivery on a particular date or even before that date, but it does not promise delivery on a specific time of the date. For instance, if you receive a message stating that you will receive your delivery by the end of the day, your package will be delivered by the day end mostly by 8:00 pm.
Can you use DHL for heavy packages?
Large package delivery can be made using cross border shipping sites. Be it within the continent or all the way off to a different one, DHL delivers it all. With the DHL delivery service, one can ship packages weighing 68kg/150 lbs in weight or more. There are also discount shipping rates available on these. All you need to do is add the dimensions of the package on the shipping calculator and get the quotes.
Many users have used the DHL delivery service to send golf clubs, gyming equipment, car parts and clothing boxes to different locations all over the world.
Does one have to be a retailer to use DHL?
DHL service does not only handle goods for retailers. The services can be used by individuals as well. Both business and individual customers can use this service not only to send goods to be sold but also gifts, clothing boxes and much more. There is no need for one to have an account with the company or have higher volumes to get competitive rates.
Which all companies use DHL?
DHL is used by eBay, Amazon, Facebook Marketplace, Shopify, Instagram and many social media sellers and businesses.
Delivering goods on time and exceeding customer expectations is one of the major focuses of an e-commerce business. To that end, having a reliable delivery partner is required. DHL express delivery service fills that requirement beyond expectations. Since it operates in 220+ counties and has a growing workforce, it can be taken as a reliable business partner.
It is all about how long does DHL shipping take? The services will deliver the packages, mail, and courier as per the schedule designed and also the import and export locations. I hope that you all have got a clear idea about the delivery timings.
For further details, you can visit the home page or contact the team of DHL or use the comment box below to ask your questions.
How Late Does FedEx Deliver Packages? – Delivery Hours Guide on Shipping process from the USA to Nigeria with DHL Does DHL Deliver On Weekends in 2021? Does DHL Deliver On Sundays in 2021?
Categories DHL Post navigation
FedEx Proof Of Delivery: All You Need to Know
Is FedEx So Bad? – Our Thoughts
Charles Helms is an independent contractor having 15 years of experience in courier services. Charles has worked with all the major shipping companies like DHL, FedEx, and USPS. With a vast knowledge in this particular domain, he is now willing to help others if anyone is having trouble with any shipping companies.
Charles believes, "Knowledge must be shared." Hence, he created this online platform named Tracking Advice to help people with his informative blogs and news. He has also made up a small team of professionals from the same field to assist several customers online. He plans to expand this platform even further, and he believes that success is inevitable!
4 thoughts on "How Long Does DHL Shipping Take?"
Lipsa Panda
Is the pandemic affecting the delivery speed or time?
Charles Helms
Yes. sometimes, it affects.
Kirk Fletcher
My package has sat at dhl hub in Cincinnati since Thursday saying processed multiple times now. Says completed. Then the next day says processed again.. I don't get what going on here!!
It still has to travel to Baltimore BWI airport then get picked up by DHL agent and have it delivered to my house by this Tuesday!!..
USPS First-Class Package International Service: Best and In-depth Guide
DHL Vs FedEx: Detailed Comparison (6 Points)
FedEx Lost Package: What you can do?
FedEx Says My Package was Delivered But It wasn't: The Solution
USPS Shipping Restrictions: Simple Guide
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Will there be enough light bulbs in Huddersfield Town scoreboard against Manchester City?
Paul Merson reckons Huddersfield Town have written off the match against Manchester City and predicts a huge defeat for the Terriers.
Mark Hudson will lead Town into the clash with the Premier League champions following the departure of David Wagner by mutual consent earlier in the week.
City are second in the table and looking for a sixth successive win, while Town's point at Cardiff City ended a run of nine successive league and cup defeats.
Merson wrongly states that Town 'sacked' Wagner and that they will be appointing a new boss after the game, but he says he is 'being kind' in predicting a 5-0 reversal or the men in blue and white stripes.
"Will there be enough light bulbs in the scoreboard? Deary me. This could be any score you want," says Merson in his regular predictions column for the satellite broadcaster.
The 0-5 scoreline is an 18/1 price with SkyBet.
Merson's other predictions for this weekend are: Wolves 2 Leicester 1, Fulham 1 Tottenham 2, Bournemouth 1 West Ham 1, Liverpool 2 Crystal Palace 1, Manchester United 3 Brighton 1, Newcastle 1 Cardiff 0, Southampton 2 Everton 1, Watford 2 Burnley 1, Arsenal 1 Chelsea 2.


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Tulane vs. UCF - 11/23/19 College Football Pick, Odds, and Prediction
Photo by Kim Klement-USA TODAY Sports
UCF Knights (7-3) at Tulane Green Wave (6-4)
College Football: Saturday, November 23, 2019 at 2:33 pm (Benson Field at Yulman Stadium)
The Line: Tulane Green Wave +6 -- Over/Under: Click Here for the Latest Odds
Where to Watch: CBSSN Stream live sports and exclusive originals on ESPN+. Sign up now!
The UCF Knights and Tulane Green Wave meet Saturday in week 13 college football action at Yulman Stadium.
The UCF Knights look for another win after winning five of their last eight games. The UCF Knights have lost three of their last four road games. Dillon Gabriel is completing 60.6 percent of his passes for 2,806 yards, 24 touchdowns and seven interceptions. Gabriel has 10 touchdown passes and five interceptions in his last five games. Gabriel Davis and Tre Nixon have combined for 1,765 receiving yards and 17 touchdowns while Marlon Williams has 30 receptions. The UCF Knights ground game is averaging 220.2 yards per contest, and Otis Anderson leads the way with 609 yards and four touchdowns. Defensively, UCF is allowing 23.6 points and 348.6 yards per game. Nate Evans leads the UCF Knights with 85 tackles, Brendon Hayes has 6.5 sacks and Aaron Robinson has three interceptions.
The Tulane Green Wave need a win after losing three of their last four games. The Tulane Green Wave have won all five home games this season. Justin McMillan is completing 58.2 percent of his passes for 1,806 yards, 13 touchdowns and 10 interceptions. McMillan has two or more touchdown passes in five of his last 12 games. Darnell Mooney and Jalen McCleskey have combined for 942 receiving yards and seven touchdowns while Amare Jones has 26 receptions. The Tulane Green Wave ground game is averaging 255.4 yards per contest, and Justin McMillan leads the way with 552 yards and 12 touchdowns. Defensively, Tulane is allowing 25.8 points and 368.1 yards per game. PJ Hall leads the Tulane Green Wave with 55 tackles, Patrick Johnson has three sacks and Larry Brooks has two interceptions.
The Knights are 1-5 ATS in their last 6 conference games, 0-4-1 ATS in their last 5 games on fieldturf and 1-6 ATS in their last 7 games overall. The Green Wave are 5-0 ATS in their last 5 home games, 1-4 ATS in their last 5 games in November and 6-2 ATS in their last 8 games overall. The Knights are 6-2 ATS in their last 8 meetings. The over is 6-2 in Green Wave last 8 games overall. The over is 6-2 in Knights last 8 games overall.
The UCF Knights are 6-3 ATS in their last nine games as a road favorite. The Tulane Green Wave are 5-2 ATS in their last seven games as a home underdog. The UCF Knights have had an extra week to prepare, but they've lost three of their last four on the road and just lost to Tulsa as a 15-point favorite. The Tulane Green Wave have won all five games at home this season and four of those victories were decided by double-digit points. This will also be Tulane's last home game and there's 18 seniors on this roster. I'll take the free touchdown in a game Tulane will have a chance to win outright.
Randy's Pick Tulane Green Wave +6
Notre Dame vs. Boston College - 11/23/19 College Football Pick, Odds, and Prediction
Arkansas State vs. Georgia Southern - 11/23/19 College Football Pick, Odds, and Prediction


There is a greatly heightened sense of awareness amongst politicians, policymakers, researchers and the general public that water security is a new and emerging threat. Just in the past few years, a number of high-level meetings involving the world's leaders and thinkers have focused on water security. With water security now commanding global attention, specific questions are posed on the likelihood of armed conflict and war over shared water resources, on the continuing availability of water resources to produce sufficient food for 9 or 10 billion people, on the probability of providing safe drinking water to every man, woman and child, and on the impact of climate change to create extreme water events – such as typhoons, floods and droughts – for which we are not prepared. By bringing together inputs from the world's leading thinkers, experts, practitioners and researchers, the Water Security in a New World series aims to provide evidence-based and policy-relevant responses to these and many other questions related to water security. The volumes in this series will provide in-depth analysis of the various dimensions of water security and are meant to be used by researchers, policymakers and practitioners alike.
Bob Sandford, University of British Columbia, Canada.
Get the table of contents of every new volume published in Water Security in a New World.


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Care Teams
Eielson
Exercises and Deployments
Red Flag-Alaska
BASE 24-7
previous RF-A
Eielson Video Archive
Eielson TV News
News > Commentary - Our Chapel, once again
Our Chapel, once again
Posted 10/27/2008 Updated 10/27/2008 Email story Print story
Commentary by Donald W. Fenton
354th Fighter Wing History Office
10/27/2008 - EIELSON AIR FORCE BASE, Alaska -- On February 11, 2007, the congregations at the Eielson Air Force Base Chapel held a farewell dinner to commemorate more than 50 years of worship in the facility. They also celebrated their impending move to the Aurora Conference Center and to what would eventually be a brand new facility.
The 354th Fighter Wing Chaplain, Lt. Col. David Terrinoni led the event. During the planning stages, Chaplain Terrinoni asked me to present a brief history of the Eielson Chapel to the congregation shortly after the dinner. The following article is a synopsis of my presentation, along with an introduction to our new Chapel or as Chaplain Terrinoni refers to it, "The Promised Land."
When Chaplain Terrinoni first contacted me about the presentation, I thought it would be fairly straight forward. However, after conducting some preliminary research it quickly became apparent there would be more to it than just saying "This Chapel was completed on February 15, 1955 at a cost of $234,817. An addition was completed on May 3, 1962 at a cost of $232,328. And, that is the history of the Chapel, four walls, a roof, and a floor at a cost of $500,000."
For most buildings on a military installation not much else is known other than the basics mentioned above. People use them for work, living quarters or recreation. On the other hand, a Chapel doesn't fall into the category of most buildings. More often than not, they are referred to as the base Chapel or more intimately as our Chapel.
Thus the real history of Eielson's Chapel can be found in the memories created by events such as weddings, baptisms, confessions, communions and memorial services. The memories of these events remain etched for a lifetime in the hearts and minds of the participants involved in each and every one of the occasions.
Thankfully, many of these memories were captured in previous editions of the Eielson AFB newspapers.
Many people have asked me if the Chapel, which was located on the corner of Kodiak and Central Avenues, was the only one ever built on Eielson. What spurred this question on, often times, was the Chapel One designation on the top of the sign located outside the facility. The answer to that question is no.
The first Chapel on Eielson was built during the original construction of Mile 26 Airstrip. For those that don't know, Mile 26 Airstrip was renamed Eielson AFB in January 1948. In relation to Eielson today, Mile 26 was located in the area of the 'hogpens,' base operations and the control tower. No buildings remain today from the Mile 26 period. Other than one picture of the first Chapel (circa 1949), not much else is known about it.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Eielson transformed into a Cold War super base in order to support forward deployed strategic reconnaissance and bomber aircraft. Toward the end of this massive construction phase on February 15, 1955, a new 300-seat Chapel was completed.
Five days later the opening ceremonies and services were held. A standing room only crowd watched as the base Chaplain, Major Martin Stein, accepted the keys from Colonel Cordes Tiemann, Eielson AFB Commander. This marked the beginning of many memories to come.
About one month before the Chapel opened, the Fimple triplets (Donald, David and Dale), possibly the first triplets born in Alaska, were born to parents stationed at Eielson. At the conclusion of the opening service, the Fimple boys became the first babies to be baptized in our Chapel. Imagine how many people were baptized or dedicated over the years in our Chapel since.
The first wedding took place on March 24, 1955. Once again, imagine how many people were married in our Chapel. The first communion occurred in May 1955. And, imagine how many people came to know God in our Chapel.
On November 29, 1955 an F-84 took off at approximately noon on a routine training mission. According to eyewitness accounts, shortly after the aircraft lifted off the runway, it banked hard to the right just as it passed the Big Hangar, now known as the Thunderdome. It flew right by the front of the Chapel. The pilot made every attempt to keep it in the air but the aircraft crashed into military family housing. In all, fourteen lives were lost that day; seven adults and seven children. Three of the children were the Fimple triplets.
Sadly, the memorial service for those that perished that cold November day would be the first of many memorial services in our Chapel.
In February 1963, a KC-135 crashed near the main gate killing all of the aircrew, the Security Policeman, and a bystander who was also at the gate. A memorial service was held in our Chapel for the nine people who lost their lives that evening.
Our Chapel has also conducted memorial services to honor the passing of Presidents, such as President John F. Kennedy in 1963 and others throughout the years.
On June 5, 1969, an Eielson based RC-135, call sign Rivet Amber, took off from Shemya AFS on its way back to Eielson. Not long after takeoff the aircraft crashed in the Bering Sea. No bodies or wreckage were ever found. Nineteen personnel lost their lives. There were several services conducted in our Chapel to honor their memory.
Fast forward to 2005, Bill and Sharlene Kearney returned to Eielson to renew their vows on their 50th anniversary in the Chapel they were married in as young adults. In many aspects, the history of Eielson's Chapel is just like a 50-year marriage, many wonderful memories and some not so wonderful ones, but through it all our Chapel weathered more than five decades of trials and tribulations.
By 2007, the building was definitely showing its age. Although it was mainly constructed out of wood, it withstood more than 50 years of some of the harshest weather conditions found anywhere on this planet. In June 2007, the wrecking ball came and went to make room for Eielson's new Base Exchange.
On June 14, 2007, the ceremonial groundbreaking for our new Chapel took place. There now was a light at the end of the tunnel or as Chaplain Terrinoni would say, "The Promised Land was in sight for the congregation."
Sixteen months passed since the farewell dinner and Eielson AFB has a new Chapel.
Did you know it's an award winning design as well? In late 2007, it earned the Pacific Air Forces Top Concept Design Category Award.
The first service was held in our new Chapel on October 19. In upcoming weeks the Chapel staff will relocate their office equipment along with many other items to their new offices thanks to the tireless efforts of countless volunteers. And on October 29 at 10 a.m., the dedication ceremony will be held marking the start of a new chapter in the history of our Chapel.
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Why Digital Signage is so at home at the Airport.
Dynamic Digital Signage Menu Boards continue to grow in popularity.
Top tech firms confident in Allsee Technologies to meet their Digital Signage needs.
Allsee's Freestanding Digital Posters featured in Retail Newsagent Magazine.
Mercedes-Benz kit out two of their flagship showrooms with 46" Freestanding Digital Posters.


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Discussion and comment on the latest research in business, economic and financial history
Our Blog in the Media
In Antitrust We (Do Not) Trust
British economists on competition policy (1890-1920)
By Nicola Giocoli (giocoli@mail.jus.unipi.it), University of Pisa
URL: http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/39245.htm
Most late 19th-century US economists gave a rather cool welcome to the Sherman Act (1890) and, though less harshly, to the Clayton and FTC Acts (1914). A large literature has identified several explanations for this surprising attitude, calling into play the relation between big business and competition, a non-neoclassical notion of competition and a weak understanding of anti-competitive practices. Much less investigated is the reaction of British economists to the passing of antitrust statutes in the U.S. What we know is simply that none of them (including the top dog, Alfred Marshall) championed the adoption of a law-based competition policy during the three decades (1890-1920) of most intense antitrust debates in the U.S. The position of three prominent British economists will be examined in this paper: H.S. Foxwell, D.H. MacGregor, and, of course, Alfred Marshall – the latter in two moments at the extremes of our period, 1890 and 1919. It will turn out that they all shared with their American colleagues a theoretical and operational skepticism about the government and judiciary interference with the free working of markets. They also believed that British industrial structure and business habits were so different from those in the U.S. that the urge of interfering with markets in order to preserve competition was much weaker. Among the paper's insights is that Marshall's key concept of "defending a competitor's right to compete" foreran the modern characterization of the goal of competition policy as "the protection of the competitive process". Yet Marshall developed his concept without making recourse to the post-1930s neoclassical notion of competition as a static market structure which lies at the foundation of most contemporary antitrust policy: a useful lesson from the history of economic thought for those IO economists who still claim that the classical dynamic view of competition is unsuited as a foundation for an effective competition policy.
Review by Chris Colvin
I will be teaching industrial organisation (IO) to undergraduates next year. It is a brand new course, and so I have been trawling though the websites of IO teachers around the world for inspiration. Overall, I have been quite perplexed with what I have found: undergraduates seem to be fed material that is very theoretical and computational, with little or no context or application. Perhaps this prepares students well for graduate programmes in economics, but the vast majority of economics undergraduates aren't going to be doing a PhD. And even those that do will require exposure to some empirical research.
I want my students to use their microeconomics, to get them to appreciate that real life is dirtier than in the models. And I want them to understand that economic ideas aren't fixed in time and space, that a log-run perspective can yield interesting insights about human behaviour. I plan to do so by limiting the use of textbooks and instead delving into academic papers and antitrust cases. I feel economic history should play centre stage in an economics degree, not relegated to an obscure field study. So, when teaching sunk costs and market structure, I will look at the decline of Europe's film industry in the early twentieth century; when covering collusion, I will set them the US sugar cartel of the 1930s; when teaching natural monopolies, I will examine Victorian railways; and when looking at the efficacy of patents, I will do nineteenth century alternatives.
I am also keen to find something accessible that students can use to appreciate the origins and evolution of competition policy – including why it differs by place, and how legal decisions based on economic arguments made long ago still have resonance today. I want to teach them some history of economic thought. One paper that I hope to discuss in this context is Nicola Giocoli's working paper distributed by NEP-HIS on 2012-06-13. Giocoli looks at the reaction in the UK to the advent of antitrust in the US. He finds that influential British economists like Foxwell, McGregor and Marshall were dead against US-style anti-monopoly legislation. They believed it would be difficult to implement, run counter to the ideals of a free market, and be inappropriate in the UK industrial context. The UK had to wait until the 1970s for a pukka competition policy to be introduced.
Alfred Marshall, whose ideas about antitrust policy are explored by Nicola Giocoli
What is particularly interesting about Giocoli's paper is his description of a transformation in what economists thought competition entailed. For classical economist, competition was about firm conduct; they adopted a dynamic process-based view of competition. For the neoclassical economists that followed, competition was more about market structure, the market condition; this static view was more concerned with business size and the number of competitors. For someone teaching modern IO theory, this is fascinating. Over the last two (or three) decades, IO has seen a paradigm shift from the old structure-conduct-performance view of competition – which primarily concerned itself with measuring market structure – to the so-called New Industrial Organisation view – which, apparently much like the economists described by Giocoli, is far more concerned with figuring out firm conduct and doesn't necessarily draw a causal link between structure and performance. In short, it appears we have come full circle.
I like Giocoli's paper because he tries to marry his history of economic thought with up-to-date research in economic history. Instead of seeing the US as a success and Britain as a failure – a view that business historian Alfred Chandler made a living out of – Giocoli argues instead that competition law was unnecessary because Britain was largely still a success, still ahead of everyone else terms of total factor productivity – it didn't require government intervention. I would encourage Giocoli to further develop this argument by looking at some of the work of Leslie Hannah, whose career has been devoted to debunking Chandler. His work (including in the JEH) shows that the Chandlerian corporation was actually far more a thing of Europe than America. A monopolist like Standard Oil – the company whose breakup is central to any history of antitrust – was the exception rather than the rule. US capitalism is a story of small family-run enterprise, not big business. How does this revision of the business history affect Giocoli's argument?
This entry was posted in Antitrust, Britain, History of Economic Thought on 2012-07-17 by Chris Colvin.
Business and Accounting History of Religious Organizations
Awareness to Accounting and Role of Accounting at Religious Organizations: The Case of Brotherhoods of Seville at the Last Decade of 16th Century
Jesus Damian Lopez-Manjon (jdlopman@upo.es), Juan Baños Sanchez-Matamoros (jbasan@upo.es) & Maria Concepcion Alvarez-Dardet Espejo (mcalvesp@upo.es) (all at Universidad Pablo de Olavide)
URL http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pabwpbsad/12.06.htm
This work questions if religious organizations with common shared beliefs and sacred objectives, but which members had a different level of awareness to accounting, should show a different behaviour concerning: a) the status of accounting in their internal organisations; and b) the permeability of such organizations to new accounting techniques. To reach our aim, we have analysed the content of 6 rules of brotherhoods located in the city of Seville (Spain), and enacted at the last decade of the 16th century. We have split the brotherhoods depending on its link or not with a guild or professional group. We can conclude that the awareness to accounting of its members and the perception of the belief system are explanations to cover the dissimilar behaviour of the brotherhoods in relation to accounting.
Review by Masayoshi Noguchi
This paper is a new instalment of the most interesting work on accounting of religious orders that is emanating from Seville and was distributed by NEP-HIS on 2012-05-22. As the authors point out, the analysis of accounting function in religious organisations is currently one of the most important topics in accounting history research. It has successfully provided a reinterpretation of the past whether at monasteries or cathedrals. Institution that came to dominate everyday life in Europe during the middle ages.
Brootherhood of the Holy Cross – Seville
The basic research question of the paper is: 'if religious organizations with common shared beliefs and sacred objectives, but which [sic] members had a diverse level of awareness to accounting, should show a different behaviour concerning: a) the status of accounting in their internal organisations; and b) the permeability of such organizations to new accounting techniques' (p. 3). Through the analysis, the authors argue how the combination of the ledger control system; the context in which the organisations were placed; and, more importantly, the awareness of the members to accounting techniques, all came together to forge a unique link between professional guilds. This link could play an important role in explaining why accounting in religious organisations adopted specific features (p.9). As a result, they argue, a categorisation of accounting between sacred and profane over simplifies the operational context of religious organisations.
As the analytical object the authors choose the rules of six brotherhoods located in the city of Seville and which established in the second half of the 16th century. An important element of this study is the relation of the brotherhoods with closed craft groups called 'guilds'. Specifically, the authors argue that the guilds exercised significant influence on accounting procedures prescribed in the rules adopted by some of the brotherhoods. Seville was the most active city in terms of the activities of the guilds, because of the recognized monopoly of the commerce with the Spanish American colonies (p. 4). Also the location within the city played an important part in the story: 'Traders and craftsmen dedicated to the same profession used to live in the same neighbourhood and, therefore, attend to same parish or convent' (p. 12). So, guild members would normally belong to the same brotherhood (p.12)
Processions are typical of Holy Week in Seville
The main conclusion of this paper is as follows: the three brotherhoods linked to guilds tended to use more advanced accounting devices and terminology than those not linked. Those most closely connected with specific guilds (i.e. the Santiago and the Buen Viaje), their rules contained more advanced technical terms and accounting jargon than the others. However, the categorization based on the linkage with the guilds could explain difference in the rules concerning the submission of accounts to a body of members for approval.
This study has some limitation, as the authors themselves recognise. Namely, it only analyzed the rules but not the practices of the brotherhoods. So it is not clear the extent to which they actually adopted accounting practices. Indeed, as has been documented by Bátiz-Lazo and others, a common shortcoming of Spanish accounting historiography has been its inference based on text books and rule books. Nothing definite can be said about the technical level of accounting adopted unless actual practices are analysed. It is quite normal that every day practice is carried out in completely different way from that prescribed in rules or regulations. Probably, establishing this link between rules and actual practices in the religious orders explored is the next research task.
Although there are issues, this paper is quite enjoyable to read but as noted, further development is expected.
This entry was posted in Accounting History, Masayoshi Noguchi, Spain and tagged accounting history, brotherhoods, corporate governance, religious organisations, seville spain on 2012-07-11 by bbatiz.
A Natural Experiment in Chinese Villages
The Effects of Democratization on Public Goods and Redistribution: Evidence from China
Monica Martinez-Bravo (Johns Hopkins University) (mmb@jhu.edu)
Gerard Padro i Miquel (STICERD LSE) (g.padro@lse.ac.uk)
Nancy Qian (Yale University) (nancy.qian@yale.edu)
Yang Yao (China Center for Economic Research Peking University) (yyao@ccer.pku.edu.cn)
URL http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:18101&r=his
This study investigates the effects of introducing elections on public goods and redistribution in rural China. We collect a large and unique survey to document the history of political reforms and economic policies and exploit the staggered timing of the introduction of elections for causal identification. We find that elections significantly increase public goods expenditure, the increase corresponds to demand and is paralleled by an increase in public goods provision and local taxes. We also find that elections cause significant income redistribution within villages. The results support the basic assumptions of recent theories of democratization (Acemoglu and Robinson, 2000; Lizzeri and Persico, 2004). In addition, we show that the main mechanism underlying the effect of elections is increased leader incentives.
Keywords: China; Democratization and Public Goods
Review by Anna Missiaia
This paper was circulated by NEP-HIS on 2012-05-29. If you have a taste for historical natural experiments, the work of Martinez-Bravo, Padro i Miquel, Qian and Yao is going to be of your interest. This NBER working paper describes the effects of the introduction of elections in Chinese villages on the provision of public goods and on redistribution in rural China starting from the 1980s. Villages are the lowest administrative units in China. They are in charge of the provision of public goods at local level, the allocation of land and also have the power to impose local taxes. The authors exploit the fairly fast and exogenous introduction of elections in villages. This is to study the impact of democratization on decisions over public goods expenditure. The reform started in the early 1980s and was progressively completed over about 15 years. The pace of the reform allows using a difference-in-difference approach, comparing the performance of the democratized villages to the non-democratized ones.
This work represents a significant contribution in terms of data gathering. In particular, the retrospective Village Democracy Survey conducted by the authors on the characteristics of village leaders is new. This was done on the same 217 villages included into the NFS Survey conducted by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture on villages' characteristics. The two surveys together allow testing a model that explains a policy outcome using province-year trends, village and year fixed effects and a dummy variable that takes value 1 when the village has experienced an election.
The main result of this paper is that the introduction of elections leads to a substantial increase on public goods expenditure (27%) and to income redistribution. The latter result is not surprising in any transition from a democratic to a non democratic decision system. The former result is more interesting: the authors find that before the reform there was under provision of public goods. The increase in expenditure is essentially financed by an increase in taxes. This result is far from being obvious: a vast literature in political economics shows how elected leaders can fail to provide the policies preferred by the majority. The paper also shows that this increase in public goods expenditure is a response to an actual demand. The increase in a given type of good is different in villages with different characteristic. For example, in villages with more farming, irrigation is increased more; in villages with more school-age children, schooling is increased more.
This study is particularly solid thank to the comprehensive database used and to the various robustness checks and the complementary insights provided to support the results (i.e. the study of the demand for public goods). However, one question that is not fully addressed is what the incentives of the local representatives were before the elections were introduced. The paper proves that they were not concerned with providing the optimal level of public goods to the local population, which turned out to be willing to pay more taxes to receive it. The historical reasons for this mismatch prior the reform are not clear. Also, the results here are very strong in terms of the effect of these particular reform. However, it is not clear how much this result is due to the previous decision mechanism that was in place before. The increase could be very idiosyncratic with respect to the Chinese political experience. Can these results be generalized to other local elections in other parts of the world or to elections at different administrative level? Lastly, the increase in the provision of public goods financed by taxes happened in this case for a given level of per capita income, however the demand for public goods might change at different income levels, leading to different consequences of democratization. To conclude, this paper is an excellent piece of research applying political economics models to a novel dataset for Chinese villages. Hopefully it will stimulate further studies of decision making over public goods provision in China. This might be useful to develop further the historical perspective on this topic.
This entry was posted in Institutions and tagged China, Political Economics on 2012-07-03 by missiaia.
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We thought we would teach our children about the world, but ended up teaching the world about our children.
Meeting Richard Dawkins
Richard Dawkins is a British ethologist and evolutionary biologist; but he is probably more well-known as an outspoken atheist. He is definitely a hero of mine. What a thrill it was to actually meet Richard Dawkins in person!
Richard was a speaker at the 70th Annual American Humanist Association Conference, which happened to be held in Boston this year. Aaron is also a big fan, so we went to hear him speak. His speech was interesting, insightful and entertaining. I just love listening to his British accent. We were even more excited to be able to meet Richard at a book signing after the lecture!
Aaron and Richard Dawkins
Richard Dawkins and I
Aaron brought his book "The God Delusion" and was able to get it signed. In this best selling book, Dawkins ruffled many religious feathers when he wrote that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that all religious faith is a delusion. Dawkins encourages Atheist to speak up against religion because religion is a major source of conflict in the world and because it gives people justification to blindly believe without any evidence.
After the September 11, 2001 attacks, Dawkins was asked how this event might change the world, he responded:
"Many of us saw religion as harmless nonsense. Beliefs might lack all supporting evidence but, we thought, if people needed a crutch for consolation, where's the harm? September 11th changed all that. Revealed faith is not harmless nonsense, it can be lethally dangerous nonsense. Dangerous because it gives people unshakeable confidence in their own righteousness. Dangerous because it gives them false courage to kill themselves, which automatically removes normal barriers to killing others. Dangerous because it teaches enmity to others labeled only by a difference of inherited tradition. And dangerous because we have all bought into a weird respect, which uniquely protects religion from normal criticism. Let's now stop being so damned respectful!"
Dawkins gives atheist the courage to come out of the closet. Atheists are far more numerous than most people realize and our voices need to be heard in order to fight back against religious intrusion in our schools and politics. We need to fight back against those who force their own religious agendas down the throats of our children and our government. It is vital to uphold the separation of Church and state. Religion is an unnecessary part of our global problems and it is time to stand up against the enemies of reason.
It is also important to help remove the negative stigma associated with atheism. Here in the US, research has found that Atheists are the most hated and distrusted minority in the country. University of Minnesota study found that atheists are more distrusted than Muslims, recent immigrants and gays. While in reality, Atheist are statistically more peaceful, moral and trustworthy than Christians. The best way to fight back against the negative stereo typing of atheist is for atheist to stand up and say, I'm an atheist and I'm a good person. After all, an atheist is just a "non-theist." A theist has a belief in the existence of a god or gods, an atheist does not have a belief in the existence of a god or gods. Is that really such a bad thing? On the contrary, it's a good thing. Being an atheist is evidence of a healthy, independent mind.
Thank you Richard for speaking out for free-thinkers. It was a pleasure to meet you!
Society | cindy | April 16, 2011 | Leave a comment | 70th American Humanist Association Annual Atheist Boston conference Richard Dawkins The God Delusion
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Albania, Europe's next top destination?
While I am planning my upcoming summer trip, memories of my last holidays are coming back. It would have probably never crossed my mind to go to Albania one day, and I was still uncertain about my choice before getting into the plane. My relatives were also surprised, and my family somehow concerned. But it … Continue reading Albania, Europe's next top destination?


General Electric dropped a major surprise Monday by announcing that H. Lawrence Culp would replace John Flannery as chairman and CEO. Here are five things GE Digital partners should know about Culp, including his background and how he plans to run GE.
General Electric stunned Wall Street Monday when the Boston-based industrial conglomerate announced that board member H. Lawrence Culp would take over as chairman and CEO, replacing John Flannery, the longtime GE executive who only served in the top leadership post for a year.
Flannery was appointed chairman and CEO last year after GE's previous CEO, Jeff Immelt, failed to stem a dramatic drop in stock price over his tenure as he tried to transform GE into a digital company. Despite Flannery's efforts to restructure the company, it wasn't enough for shareholders or the board.
However, GE investors seem optimistic about Culp's appointment. After the news dropped Monday morning, GE's stock price surged more than 10 percent that day.
In the following slides, we lay out five things you should know about Culp, who goes by Larry.
With his appointment, Culp has become the first CEO in GE's 126-year history to come from the outside. Culp only came into the company's inner circle earlier this year when he was appointed to GE's board of directors in April as part of a shakeup that saw the removal of several long-serving directors.
Culp spent most of his career at Danaher Corp., where he worked for roughly 25 years and served as the conglomerate's CEO from 2000 to 2014. Danaher is a Washington, D.C.-based company that runs several businesses across dental, life sciences, diagnostics and environmental and applied solutions divisions, including Beckman Coulter, Ormco, Hach and VideoJet Technologies.
During his roughly 15 years as Danaher's CEO, Culp grew the company's market capitalization from $20 billion to $50 billion and gave shareholders a 465 percent return on their investments, according to The Wall Street Journal . Sales grew fivefold under Culp, who also led the company through several major acquisitions, including the company's 2011 purchase of Beckman Coulter. "Larry Culp has a proven track record in company transformation and delivering shareholder value," said Thomas W. Horton, who was appointed GE's lead board director on Monday.
Culp is expected to follow through with GE's breakup plan that he approved with other board members in June, The Wall Street Journal reported, citing people familiar with the matter. That plan includes a sale of GE's ownership stake in gas services company Baker Hughes, as well as the spinoff of its health-care and railroad locomotive divisions. "We will be working very hard in the coming weeks to drive superior execution, and we will move with urgency," Culp said in a statement.
It's unclear if Culp will move forward with the company's rumored plan to sell key parts of software division GE Digital, which the company has previously declined to comment on. When asked about Culp's plans for GE Digital on Monday, a company spokesperson pointed to GE's press release about Culp, which makes no mention of GE Digital. But the release does indicate that Culp may consider selling off more assets to right-size the business. "We remain committed to strengthening the balance sheet including deleveraging," Culp said as part of his statement.


The introduction of the Vehicle Registration Certificate makes it easier for the registered keepers to comply with their legal obligation to declare acquisition or disposal of vehicles. They just complete the appropriate section on the certificate and return it to the Licensing Office.
When a vehicle has been issued with a new-style registration document, and that vehicle is then sold, both the seller and the purchaser must jointly notify the Licensing Office, that the vehicle has changed hands. This can be done by completing the relevant tear-off section on the reverse of the registration certificate and submitting it to any Post Office or posting it to the Licensing Office. If the seller fails to do this, he or she will remain liable for taxing the car.
The new owner is given the remainder of the certificate which must be submitted to the Licensing Office with a Change of Ownership form and appropriate fee after which a new Registration Certificate will be issued by post.
Registered keepers need to check the information on the new certificate and notify the Licensing Office if there are any errors. The Vehicle Registration Certificate will be issued with a plastic wallet to keep it in.
If the Vehicle Registration Certificate is lost there is a charge of £18 to replace it.
A renewal notice to make payment of Vehicle Tax will be sent out approximately a month before renewal. This will contain the cost of renewal and a unique renewal number. Payment can now be made online through Online Services. (Please note that registration to Online Services with an email address is required to use this service).


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Home / Bible Commentaries / Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible/ Acts
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
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Acts 5:1-11. Ananias and Sapphira.
"The first trace of a shade upon the bright form of the young Church. Probably among the new Christians a kind of holy rivalry had sprung up, every one eager to place his means at the disposal of the apostles" [Olshausen]. Thus might the new-born zeal of some outrun their abiding principle, while others might be tempted to seek credit for a liberality which was not in their character.
kept back part of the price, his wife also being privy to it — The coolness with which they planned the deception aggravated the guilt of this couple.
brought a certain part — pretending it to be the whole proceeds of the sale.
Verses 3-6
fill" - "why hast thou suffered him to fill"
thine heart — so criminally entertaining his suggestion? Compare Acts 5:4, "why hast thou conceived this thing in thine heart?" And see John 13:2, John 13:27.
to lie to the Holy Ghost — to men under His supernatural illumination.
While it remained, was it not thine own? and after it was sold, was it not in thine own power? — from which we see how purely voluntary were all these sacrifices for the support of the infant community.
not lied to men but God — to men so entirely the instruments of the directing Spirit that the lie was rather told to Him: language clearly implying both the distinct personality and the proper divinity of the Holy Ghost.
Ananias … gave up the ghost … great fear came on all that heard these things — on those without the Christian circle; who, instead of disparaging the followers of the Lord Jesus, as they might otherwise have done on the discovery of such hypocrisy, were awed at the manifest presence of Divinity among them, and the mysterious power of throwing off such corrupt matter which rested upon the young Church.
the young men — some of the younger and more active members of the church, not as office-bearers, nor coming forward now for the first time, but who probably had already volunteered their services in making subordinate arrangements. In every thriving Christian community such volunteers may be expected, and will be found eminently useful.
Verses 7-11
Tell me whether ye sold the land for so much — naming the sum.
How is it that ye have agreed together — (See on Acts 5:2).
to tempt the Spirit — try whether they could escape detection by that omniscient Spirit of whose supernatural presence with the apostles they had had such full evidence.
feet of them that buried thy husband are at the door — How awfully graphic!
Verse 10
buried her by her husband — The later Jews buried before sunset of the day of death.
And great fear came upon all the church, etc. — This effect on the Christian community itself was the chief design of so startling a judgment; which had its counterpart, as the sin itself had, in Achan (Joshua 7:1-26), while the time - at the commencement of a new career - was similar.
Acts 5:12-26. The progress of the new cause leads to the arrest of the apostles - They are miraculously delivered from prison, resume their teaching, but allow themselves to be conducted before the Sanhedrim.
Solomon's Porch — (See on John 10:23).
Verses 13-16
of the rest durst no man join himself, etc. — Of the unconverted none ventured, after what had taken place, to profess discipleship; but yet their number continually increased.
into the streets — "in every street."
on beds and couches — The words denote the softer couches of the rich and the meaner cribs of the poor [Bengel].
shadow of Peter … might overshadow some of them — Compare Acts 19:12; Luke 8:46. So Elisha. Now the predicted greatness of Peter (Matthew 16:18), as the directing spirit of the early Church, was at its height.
sect of the Sadducees — See on Acts 4:1 for the reason why this is specified.
by night — the same night.
all the words of this life — beautiful expression for that Life in the Risen One which was the burden of their preaching!
entered into the temple, etc. — How self-possessed! the indwelling Spirit raising them above fear.
called … all the senate, etc. — an unusually general convention, though hastily summoned.
shut … keepers … before the doors, but … no man within — the reverse of the miracle in Acts 16:26; a similar contrast to that of the nets at the miraculous draughts of fishes (Luke 5:6; John 21:11).
they doubted — "were in perplexity."
without violence, for they feared, etc. — hardened ecclesiastics, all unawed by the miraculous tokens of God's presence with the apostles, and the fear of the mob only before their eyes!
Verse 27-28
Acts 5:27-42. Second appearance and testimony before the Sanhedrim - Its rage calmed by Gamaliel - Being dismissed, they depart rejoicing, and continue their preaching.
ye have filled Jerusalem with your doctrine — noble testimony to the success of their preaching, and (for the reason mentioned on Acts 4:4) to the truth of their testimony, from reluctant lips!
intend to bring this man's blood upon us — They avoid naming Him whom Peter gloried in holding up [Bengel]. In speaking thus, they seem to betray a disagreeable recollection of their own recent imprecation, His blood be upon us," etc. (Matthew 27:25), and of the traitor's words as he threw down the money, "I have sinned in that I have betrayed innocent blood" (Matthew 27:4).
Then Peter, etc. — (See on Acts 2:22, and see on Acts 3:13, etc.).
Prince and a Saviour — the first word expressing that Royalty which all Israel looked for in Messiah, the second the Saving character of it which they had utterly lost sight of. Each of these features in our Lord's work enters into the other, and both make one glorious whole (compare Acts 3:15; Hebrews 2:10).
to give — dispensing as a "Prince."
repentance and remission of sins — as a "Savior"; "repentance" embracing all that change which issues in the faith which secures "forgiveness" (compare Acts 2:38; Acts 20:21). How gloriously is Christ here exhibited; not, as in other places, as the Medium, but as the Dispenser of all spiritual blessings!
we are his witnesses … and the Holy Ghost — They as competent human witnesses to facts, and the Holy Ghost as attesting them by undeniable miracles.
cut to the heart and took — "were taking."
counsel to slay them — How different this feeling and the effect of it from that "pricking of the heart" which drew from the first converts on the day of Pentecost the cry, "Men and brethren, what shall we do?" (Acts 2:37). The words used in the two places are strikingly different.
Gamaliel — in all probability one of that name celebrated in the Jewish writings for his wisdom, the son of Simeon (possibly the same who took the infant Savior in his arms, Luke 2:25-35), and grandson of Hillel, another celebrated rabbi. He died eighteen years before the destruction of Jerusalem [Lightfoot].
Theudas — not the same with a deceiver of that name whom Josephus mentions as heading an insurrection some twelve years after this [Antiquities, 20.5.1], but some other of whom he makes no mention. Such insurrections were frequent.
Judas of Galilee — (See on Luke 2:2, and see on Luke 13:1-3) [Josephus, Antiquities, 13.1.1].
of men, it will come to naught — This neutral policy was true wisdom, in the then temper of the council. But individual neutrality is hostility to Christ, as He Himself teaches (Luke 11:23).
beaten them — for disobeying their orders (compare Luke 23:16).
rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name — "thought worthy by God to be dishonored by man" (Matthew 5:12; 1 Peter 4:14, 1 Peter 4:16) [Webster and Wilkinson]. This was their first taste of persecution, and it felt sweet for His sake whose disciples they were.
in every house — in private. (See on Acts 2:46).
ceased not to preach Jesus Christ — that is, Jesus (to be the) Christ.
Jamieson, Robert, D.D.; Fausset, A. R.; Brown, David. "Commentary on Acts 5:4". "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible". http://odl.studylight.org/commentaries/jfb/acts-5.html. 1871-8.
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WaterKeeper Alliance is an environmental organization founded in 1999 with its headquarters in New York, U.S.A. Today, Waterkeeper Alliance unites more than 300 Waterkeeper organizations and affiliates that are on the frontlines of the global water crisis, patrolling and protecting more than 2.5 million square miles of rivers, lakes and coastal waterways on six continents.
From Alaska to the Himalayas, the Great Lakes to Australia, the Waterkeeper movement defends the fundamental human right to drinkable, fishable and swimmable waters, and combines firsthand knowledge of their local waterways with an unwavering commitment to the rights of their communities.
Mr. Raman Kant has been appointed as East Kali Waterkeeper to protect the waterbody from year 2015. He has been active on ground since more than a decade to study and analyze the waters at different locations, keep a track on pollution levels and sources, outreach the polluting industries and concerned government departments, organize awareness campaigns with communities residing at the banks of the river among other efforts. He is also acting as an advocate on behalf of the communities and is the first contact person for any issues near the river for the locals. Raman also made his presence at the annual WKA conference held at Utah, U.S.A in year 2017.
WWF India is a science-based organization established in 1969 which addresses issues such as the conservation of species and its habitats, climate change, water and environmental education, among many others. Over the years, its perspective has broadened to reflect a more holistic understanding of the various conservation issues facing the country and seeks to proactively encourage environmental conservation by working with different stakeholders – Governments, NGOs, schools and colleges, corporate, students and other individuals.
NEER Foundation with support of WWF India undertook a research program of the whole length of the river in year 2015. Water samples from the surface of the river and from underground near the river were collected from different locations in all eight districts where the river flows, which were tested at a Government certified laboratory. The whole analysis data was reported to WWF India and is available at NEER Foundation for further studies.
With the ongoing efforts by the East Kali Waterkeeper (Mr. Raman Kant), the water body has been successfully included in the rejuvenation plan of Holy Ganga River by Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India. The Ministry will formulate a plan which will focus on cleaning the rivers, increasing plantation on the banks, provide alternate water sources to villages and promote organic farming. The Waterkeeper showcased the current situation of the waterbody and brought the Ministry's attention towards it.
In a partnered project with WWF India, the East Kali Waterkeeper and the parent organization NEER Foundation has successfully conducted ground water and surface water testing of the water body at eight different locations along the whole stretch. The samples were tested at a laboratory which confirmed the presence of heavy metals and banned POPs in the water.
Color - Clean drinking water is colorless. If there is any kind of murkiness in the water then it is unfit for drinking. Presence of any color in the water shows that there is something dissolved in it. In laboratory color of the water is measured with the help of calorimeter. Nearly all water samples collected from the Meerut and Ghaziabad were light yellow or dark yellow in color. The maximum yellow color was visible in the water sample from Gaisupur. The color of the water in nearly all river water samples was black.
Smell - Drinking water should be without any smell. Any kind of smell indicates towards the presence of something unacceptable in it. Water from open wells and hand pumps situated near sewerage drains and ponds contain dirty water smells. Nearly in all the water samples from the Meerut and Ghaziabad regions of an area of study light smell was present and there was a heavy foul smell in the river water samples.
Taste - Clean drinking water should be tasteless. If water tastes then it's an indication that something has been mixed with it. Taste of the number of water samples collected from the Meerut, Ghaziabad and Bulandsahar regions was entirely different from the drinking water.
P.H. - P.H. denotes result of salinity and acidity. P.H. of normal water is 7.0, which is considered neutral. P.H. above 7.0 shows salinity and P.H. below 7.0 shows acidity. In all the water samples from the area of study P.H> was seen in between 7.0 to 8.2.
Chloride - Water from all water bodies contains chloride. It takes years for water to pass through different layers and then get deposited on the top. During this process chloride present in various layers dissolves with water and gets deposited on the top layer. Chloride is present heavily in sewerage, urine of human beings and animals, one the factors responsible for increased level of chloride in water. According to BIS (1991) standards acceptable limit for presence of chloride in water is 250 mg per ltr and joint limit is 1000 mg per ltr. nearly in all the samples from the area of study level of chloride in water was found to be within acceptable limits. In Gaisupur, Alipur and Chowli level of chloride in water samples was found to be 507, 560 and 255 mg per lt. In river water level of chloride was found to be in between 32 to 128 mg per lt. While in discharge from Anand paper mill level of chloride was 117 mg per lt. Excess of chloride can be harmful for heart and kidney patients. Disorders related to taste and digestion can be seen.
Water purification system is affected when the hardness of water increases substantially. Calcium gets deposited in veins. Although there is no evidence excess of the hardness of water can be a cause for kidney, urine and stomach disorders.
Washing clothes with hard water requires more washing soap; vegetables take longer to get cooked; calcium accumulates in the arteries and most important it is a causing factor of several kidney, bladder and abdominal diseases.
Calcium - BIS (1991) has set standards for calcium in drinking water at 75 mg per ltr and joint limit at 200 mg per lt. In one of the samples from area of study i.e. Jaibhimnagar quantity of calcium was found to be 320 mg per lt which is more than BIS (1991) joint limit. Calcium is an important element for human beings and everyday it is needed in a small quantity of 0.7 to 0.2 mg for healthy teeths and bones. Pregnant women and growing children also need calcium. Lack of calcium in drinking water may be a cause for bone disorders and weaker teeth. Inside human body major part of calcium is concentrated in the nervous system in the form of phosphorous and carbonic. Calcium is important for nervous system, muscles and prevents the formation of blood clots. Lack of it has its own ill effects on human body and excess of it can be a cause for stones in the kidney and urinary tract, arthritis, and diseases related to bone joints. As such, high as well as low levels of Calcium, both are harmful.
Phosphate - Source of phosphate in groundwater can be both natural and manmade. Natural sources can be geological sources, environmental sources and irrigation sources. While manmade sources can be domestic waste (solid and liquid), chemical fertilizers, natural fertilizers, the fertilizer of bones and waste discharge from factories. Carbonic phosphate compared to carbonic phosphate leaves more of it in land. BIS has not set any standard limit for the presence of phosphate in drinking water. However, its concentration may be a cause for vomit, loose feces, etc. In the ground water samples from the area of study level of phosphate was not found much however in river water it was found to be 8.2 mg per lt.
Magnesium - For human body everyday 200 to 300 mg magnesium is needed and this element increases activity of enzymes. Lack of magnesium causes loose feces, urine disorders and lack of protein in the body. In four water samples from the area of study Alipur, Jaibhimnagar, Mahauli and Aaimanpur qunatity of magnesium was found to be 121,112,104 and 101 mg per lt., which more than BIS joint limit. In all other samples quantity of magnesium was found less than maximum limit and in the river water its quantity was found to be 7 to 53 mg per lt.
Sulphate - I.C.A.R. (1975) and W.H.O. (1971) both have set a standard limit for the presence of sulfate in drinking water at 200 mg/lt and joint limit 400 mg/lit. B.I.S. (1991) has set standard limit at 150 mg/lit and joint limit 400 mg/lit while the quantity of magnesium should not be more than 30 mg/lt. In the water sample from Jaibhimnagar of the area of study was found to be 720 mg/lt. which is more than the maximum limit set by BIS. In Alipur and Daulatgarh level of sulfate was 250 and 355 mg per lt. respectively while its standard limit is 200 mg per lt. In remaining samples quantity of sulfate was found to be below standard limit only. When sulfate ions combine with magnesium and sodium ions of more concentration they cause gastric. If quantity of sulphate in drinking water is more than 500 mg per lt then taste of the water turns sour and gastric problems are felt.
Nitrate - Major sources of nitrate in groundwater are nitrogen present in the environment, bio-activity, geological deposits, and waste discharge from factories, sewerage, septic tank, excreta-urine of animals, fertilizers and agricultural processes. According to BIS (1991), its standard limit in drinking water is 45 mg per ltr and joint limit 100 mg per lt. In Chidaudha, Khokhni, Alipur, Matrauna, Simrauli and Aaimanpur of the area of study quantity of nitrate was found to be 198, 105, 261, 254 and 114 mg per lt respectively, which is more than joint limit set by BIS.
When newly born babies are given water with high concentration of nitrate children get infected with a disease known as synopsis (Mathymoglobimia). This disease is also known as 'Blue Baby'. In the human body, nitrate is first converted into nitrite and then into ammonia by bacteria. When nitrate is available excess quantity then more nitrate is formed which is absorbed by hemoglobin and converted into methemoglobin and then hemoglobin cannot act as a carrier of oxygen to the blood. This disease is not always caused by an excess of nitrate as Macdamat has said in 1971 it depends on the heredity and food habits of a person.


Green thumb hopefuls and apartment dwellers, rejoice!
You can now easily grow vegetables indoors with MiracleGro's WiFi-enabled countertop gardening system called AeroGarden Bounty Elite. Like its predecessors, AeroGarden Bounty Elite is a hydroponic indoor garden that can be set up almost anywhere, making them ideal for people who want home-grown produce but have limited space. Having enough room for 9 plants, this is MiracleGro's biggest AeroGarden. With 45 watts of LED lighting, this is also the most powerful one.
AeroGarden Bounty Elite comes with a free AeroGarden app, allowing you to monitor your plants' needs. The system itself will inform you if you if it's time to add water or nutrients. AeroGarden Bounty Elite also automatically turns its light on and off to simulate the normal night and day cycle. As the gardening system gives the plants an environment conducive to growth and determines what the plants need, it does most of the work for you.
How does Miracle Gro's AeroGarden Bounty Elite work?
When you buy this countertop gardening system, you will receive soil-free seed pods complete with the micro and macro nutrients that a growing seed needs. Also included in the system is a 9-pod garden, a 24" 45-watt LED lamp, built-in WiFi connection and patented nutrients.
With the AeroGarden Bounty Elite, you have a choice of different seed kits that will help you grow fresh herbs, vegetables, salad greens or flowers.
Set up is easy. Simply follow the instructions and plug in the device. In just a few days, you will witness all seeds grow 5x faster than they usually would.
The answer's a mix of several factors. Let's get into the details.
Miracle Gro's non-GMO, soil-free AeroGarden pods are already seeded and are designed to feed your plant the nutrients they need along with oxygen and water. Growing on air and water alone, the roots efficiently receive the ideal levels of nutrients and water, promoting rapid growth. To ensure plant health, the reservoir ensures that the plants receive an abundant balance of their requirements exactly when needed.
Miracle Gro's lighting system gives plants the specific light spectrum that helps plants maximize photosynthesis. The lighting system gives daylight white light for fast growth, red light for more flowers and fruits and blue light for bigger yields. Using LED lights, the AeroGarden Bounty Elite only costs pennies a day in electric use giving big savings compared to compact fluorescent grow lights.
The lamp has an adjustable arm so it's easy to change its height depending on your plants' needs. The lighting automatically turns on and off so you do not have to worry about forgetting the ideal lighting timing.
The Control Panel linked with your AeroGarden App is like the gardening guru you've always wanted. You'll get tips on caring for your plants as well as support services. The control panel and app combo also act like your plant's mode of communication. Through the control panel – or through prompts sent to your smartphone – you'll know when to add water, how much nutrients a plant needs and how often to give it.
Starting to imagine all the produce you can grow? We are too.
If you get one for yourself, let us know your experience with it.


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Q: Tuning the resolution in callgrind Sorry, I can't create a minimal complete example as the problem only occurs for relatively large programs and I am not sure this is even a 'bug' per se as opposed to a misunderstanding of what callgrind profiling is supposed to accomplish.
I have a large program whose run time is split about 50 50 into 2 sequential parts. The first part is most file reading, and the second mostly computation.
The order of function calls that I would expect is the following:
Calling Scope, Callee
main  Part1_main
Part1_main Part1_main_subfunction_1
Part1_main Part1_main_subfunction_2
Part1_main Part1_main_subfunction_3
main Part2_main
Part2_main Part2_main_subfunction_1
Part2_main Part2_main_subfunction_2
..
..
When I run callgrind on the code (and then view the results in kcachegrind on osx), I have some results regarding the function calls that are approximately as you would expect except for one thing: There is no resolution of function calls within the second part: The profile output is qualitatively the same as
Function, Pct_time, Self_time
Part1_main 50 4
Part2_main 50 50
Part1_main_subfunction_1 20 4
Part1_main_subfunction_2 15 5
..
..
..
What is the interpretation that the second function has very high self time? It seems that the profiler thinks that it is not calling any other functions. I suppose it is possible, though unlikely, that everything in function 2 is inlined, so maybe there shouldn't be any further resolution. If this is true, this doesn't yield very interesting profiling results.
If you ever come across this type of thing, how do you force the profiler to show further resolution? Or, if my intuition is wrong, what else could be causing this behaviour?
As per instruction of the callgrind website, I am compiling with the -g flag, and optimisation turned on.

A: As default kcachegrind hides functions with small weight, but you can customize it. See the answer here:
Make callgrind show all function calls in the kcachegrind callgraph

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