text:
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Registration - Consultant
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN / DOUGLAS RICHARDSON, Consultant
Client name: UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN
Lobbyist name: DOUGLAS RICHARDSON, Consultant
Initial registration start date: 1996-03-25
Registration status: Active
Registration Number: 776725-4472
Associated Communications
Total Number of Communication Reports: 22
Monthly communication reports in the last 6 months: 0
Version 12 of 20 (2016-04-01 to 2016-06-06)
Registration versions: 20 of 20: 2020-04-30 to present 19 of 20: 2020-03-27 to 2020-04-30 18 of 20: 2019-07-31 to 2020-03-27 17 of 20: 2019-04-23 to 2019-07-31 16 of 20: 2018-11-02 to 2019-04-23 15 of 20: 2017-06-15 to 2018-11-02 14 of 20: 2017-01-13 to 2017-06-15 13 of 20: 2016-06-06 to 2017-01-13 12 of 20: 2016-04-01 to 2016-06-06 11 of 20: 2016-01-21 to 2016-04-01 10 of 20: 2015-03-16 to 2016-01-21 9 of 20: 2014-10-16 to 2015-03-16 8 of 20: 2014-01-30 to 2014-10-16 7 of 20: 2013-03-19 to 2014-01-30 6 of 20: 2012-10-17 to 2013-03-19 5 of 20: 2012-05-25 to 2012-10-17 4 of 20: 2011-08-16 to 2012-05-25 3 of 20: 2010-10-27 to 2011-08-16 2 of 20: 2010-05-16 to 2010-10-27 1 of 20: 1996-03-25 to 2005-06-10
Lobbying Information
Subject Matters
Taxation and Finance
Subject Matter Details
Grant, Contribution or Other Financial Benefit
Seeking funding from the Federal Government with respect to building and constructing a Neutron Source for Canada, in Saskatchewan.
Legislative Proposal, Bill or Resolution
Act to Amend the Income Tax Act (revocation of registration) in relation to University of Saskatchewan interests and implications
The lobbyist has arranged or expects to arrange one or more meetings on behalf of the client between a public office holder and any other person in the course of this undertaking.
Canadian Heritage (PCH)
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
National Research Council (NRC)
Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
End date of the last completed financial year: 2015-04-30
List of Government Funding
Government Institution
Funding Received in Last Financial Year
Funding Expected in Current Financial Year
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) $90,000.00 Yes
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) $347,000.00 Yes
Canada Council for the Arts $78,000.00 Yes
Canada Foundation for Innovation $21,237,000.00 Yes
Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) $909,000.00 Yes
Canadian Heritage (PCH) $20,000.00 Yes
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) $7,810,000.00 Yes
Canadian Space Agency (CSA) $384,000.00 Yes
Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) $275,000.00 Yes
Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) $3,000.00 Yes
Environment Canada $1,147,000.00 Yes
Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) $411,000.00 Yes
Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada $727,000.00 Yes
Health Canada (HC) $1,332,000.00 Yes
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) $2,460,000.00 Yes
National Research Council (NRC) $101,000.00 Yes
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) $28,346,000.00 Yes
Parks Canada (PC) $132,000.00 Yes
Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) $259,000.00 Yes
Public Works and Government Services Canada $976,000.00 Yes
Service Canada (ServCan) $9,000.00 Yes
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) $18,618,000.00 Yes
Western Economic Diversification Canada (WD) $4,431,000.00 Yes
Client Contact Information
107 Administration Place
Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2
Web address: www.usask.ca
Client representative
Peter Stoicheff, President
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN is not a subsidiary of any other parent companies.
Coalition Members Information
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN is not a coalition.
Individual, organization or corporation with a Direct Interest Beneficiary Information
The activities of UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN are not controlled or directed by another individual, organization or corporation with a direct interest in the outcome of this undertaking.
Subsidiary Beneficiary Information
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN does not have any subsidiaries that could have a direct interest in the outcome of the undertaking
Lobbyist Details
DOUGLAS RICHARDSON | Public offices held
374 - 3RD AVENUE SOUTH
SASKATOON, SK S7K 1M5
Consultant Firm and Address
Firm: McKercher LLP
Responsible Officer Name
This is the responsible officer name as provided in the most recent registration for the corporation or organization.
Name Change History:
The following names have been used on or after July 2, 2008
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN 2010-05-16 current
The following names have been used before July 2, 2008
Responsible Officer Change History
Responsible Officer History
From (YYYY-MM-DD)
To (YYYY-MM-DD)
All Monthly Communication Reports for UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN
DOUGLAS RICHARDSON, McKercher LLP (Consultant)
Registrants are required to submit a monthly communication report for each oral and arranged communication with a designated public office holder. The name of the most senior paid officer (i.e. the registrant) will appear on all in-house monthly communication reports, whether or not he/she participated in the communication.
Note: Monthly Communication Reports are due on the 15th day of each month for communications that took place in the previous month.
Results below are sorted by posted date, beginning with the most recent.
Consultant: DOUGLAS RICHARDSON
Designated Public Office Holders who participated in the communication:
Theresa Tam, Deputy Chief Public Health Officer and ADM | Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
Elaine Chatigny, Branch Head | Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
Subject Matter of the communication: Energy, Research and Development, Science and Technology, Taxation and Finance, Budget, Aboriginal Affairs, Employment and Training, Economic Development, Government Procurement, Health, Infrastructure, International Development, Regional Development
Communication date: 2016-07-14
Posted date: 2016-07-15
Communication number: 4472-381533 View associated registration
Caroline Pitfield, Director of Policy | Health Canada (HC)
Jesse Kancir, Policy Advisor | Health Canada (HC)
Subject Matter of the communication: Science and Technology, Energy, Research and Development, Taxation and Finance, Budget, Aboriginal Affairs, Employment and Training, Economic Development, Government Procurement, Health, Infrastructure, International Development, Regional Development
Nathon Gunn, Policy Advisor | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
Shaun Govender, Special Assistant (Regional Economic Development) | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
Joshua Bragg, Special Assistant (Regional Economic Development) | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
Subject Matter of the communication: Energy, Research and Development, Science and Technology, Taxation and Finance, Budget, Aboriginal Affairs, Employment and Training, Government Procurement, Economic Development, Health, Infrastructure, International Development, Regional Development
Mike Burton, Director of Parliamentary Affairs | Infrastructure Canada (INFC)
Subject Matter of the communication: Energy, Research and Development, Science and Technology, Taxation and Finance, Budget, Aboriginal Affairs, Economic Development, Government Procurement, Employment and Training, Health, Infrastructure, International Development, Regional Development
Corinne Guenette, Director | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
Jessica Miller, Procurement Team Leader | Shared Services Canada (SSC)
Eric Cloutier, Sector Analyst | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
Shawn Tippins, Policy Analyst | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
Pamela Hunt, Manager | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
Aysha Mawani, Manager | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
Christina Rettig, Policy Advisor | Prime Minister's Office (PMO)
Mark Ferdinand, Director General | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Subject Matter of the communication: Science and Technology, Energy, Research and Development, Taxation and Finance, Budget, Aboriginal Affairs, Economic Development, Employment and Training, Government Procurement, Health, Infrastructure, International Development, Regional Development
Mackenzie Hird, Policy Advisor | Public Safety Canada (PS)
Subject Matter of the communication: Science and Technology, Energy, Research and Development, Taxation and Finance, Budget, Aboriginal Affairs, Employment and Training, Government Procurement, Economic Development, Health, Infrastructure, International Development, Regional Development
Stephanie Muccilli, Policy Advisor | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
Subject Matter of the communication: Science and Technology, Energy, Research and Development, Taxation and Finance, Budget, Employment and Training, Economic Development, Government Procurement, Aboriginal Affairs, Health, International Development, Regional Development, Infrastructure
Rick Theis, Chief of Staff | Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
Subject Matter of the communication: Taxation and Finance, Employment and Training, Government Procurement, Aboriginal Affairs, Economic Development
Subject Matter of the communication: Taxation and Finance, Economic Development, Aboriginal Affairs, Employment and Training, Government Procurement
Leslie Church, Chief of Staff | Canadian Heritage (PCH)
Subject Matter of the communication: Taxation and Finance, Aboriginal Affairs, Economic Development, Government Procurement, Employment and Training
Subject Matter of the communication: Taxation and Finance, Employment and Training, Economic Development, Aboriginal Affairs, Government Procurement
Subject Matter of the communication: Taxation and Finance, Aboriginal Affairs, Economic Development, Employment and Training, Government Procurement
Subject Matter of the communication: Taxation and Finance, Government Procurement, Aboriginal Affairs, Economic Development, Employment and Training
Subject Matter of the communication: Taxation and Finance, Aboriginal Affairs, Employment and Training, Economic Development, Government Procurement
Ralph Goodale, Member of Parliament | Members of the House of Commons
Subject Matter of the communication: Taxation and Finance
Michael Ignatieff, Member of Parliament | Members of the House of Commons
Albina Guainieri, Member of Parliament | Members of the House of Commons
Marc Garneau, Member of Parliament | Members of the House of Commons
Neil Yeates, Deputy Minister | Citizenship and Immigration Canada
Subject Matter of the communication: Science and Technology, Research and Development
Communication number: 4472-152398 (amended from 4472-148858) View associated registration
Public offices held: DOUGLAS RICHARDSON
List of Public Offices Held
Period Held
Last Date Designated Public Office Held
Vice Chairman and Trustee of the Canadiana Fund
Heritage Canada, Cultural properties April 2003 Footnote 3 Not a designated office
Chief of Staff and Principal Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition
House of Commons, Leader's Office March 1985 to September 1987 Not a designated office
Chief of Staff to the Minister of Finance
Finance Canada, Department of Finance February 1982 to August 1983 Not a designated office
Policy Advisor to the Minister of Justice
Department of Justice, Justice Canada June 1972 to August 1972 Not a designated office
Policy Advisor to the Hon. Otto Lang
Minister Responsible for the Canadian Wheat Board, Agriculture Canada June 1971 to August 1971 Not a designated office
Indicates a public office that was held at the time the disclosure was filed. Date shown is the starting date of the position.
Return to Footnote 3
About OCL


campagne de propreté à la plage Sekkala 17 février 2019 #essaouira #morocco .
Distribuição dos kits de páscoa para crianças do projeto social caninha pé na bola, agradeço cada obrigado que recebo, cada sorriso no rosto dessas crianças de felicidade, obrigado crianças!!
For years, we were used to hearing the best about imported products and goods, now we've learnt that promoting the consumption of local products is a healthier and more positive way of spending money.
Fully Branded Photographic Experience for any event!
A #socialite is a person who plays a prominent role in #highsociety . A socialite spends a significant amount of time attending various #fashionable #social #gatherings ! #WASOLU is here to help YOU #SHINE bright like a diamond!
Trust the journey, trust the process. It may take time but it wont take forever.
Happy birthday @lava_dakota 😘❤🤙🏾😜🎁 #mexican #girl #pretty #young #thing #ef #canada #victoria #ef #photo #photography #photographer #followme #like #hispter #man #like #instagram #social #media #girl #woman #smile #sunglasses #picture #2019 .
We love getting tweets like this! Thank you Rebecca! Do you follow us on twitter?
"Did something way out of my comfort zone this week and joined @x3sports Kickboxing gym! I'm loving every minute of it and living my best life getting into the best shape I've ever been! #getfit #workout #gettingstrong @x3sports "
I believe that we know in our heart what we need to do. It's just a matter of doing those things more often than not.
A un metro da te. .
Oggi abbiamo realizzato "Memoria Piena" grafica curata da me nei minimi dettagli.
Happy holiday to those of you celebrating! Today is not only a holiday but a day to recognize the need for reform see below ⬇⬇⬇ .
• clarified mezcal margarita • .
'In the U.S. today, 1 in 3 people have a criminal record that appears on a routine background check. That means that 70 to 100 million people are left out of the workforce, unable to get student loans, housing and face a host of other obstacles to living a self-sustaining life, even though they have paid their dues to society.
Many states have passed laws that allow people to clear or change their criminal record, recognizing the impact on the economy and on the lives of families when millions are shut out of the workforce or unable to fully reintegrate into their communities. Let's be the change.
Beautiful day in Texas with my two handsome young men. Growing up so quickly!


Big Bear Lake Maternity session with Regina Najar and Greg Diaz. She is so beautiful in her fashion tutu / dress. It is important to capture maternity sessions like all family portrait sessions because these moments are fleeting, in a blink of an eye time passes and moments not captured are sometimes difficult to remember clearly, that is why a photograph can be worth a thousand words.


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© Diala Ghassan/MSF
16 Jan 18 23 Feb 18
Raqqa: 33 blast victims treated by MSF in Raqqa in the first week of 2018
In the first week of the year, 33 patients with blast related injuries, of which 13 were less than 18 years old, have been treated by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) medical teams in Raqqa city.
Patients sustain these injuries on returning to their homes in the city that is littered with unexploded remnants of war and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). MSF is extremely concerned by the limited amount of demining activities in the region, due to the shortage of demining equipment's and expertise. Since the active conflict subsided in Raqqa on October 17th 2017, MSF teams alone have treated 271 people with blast Injuries, 64 of which were already dead or dying on arrival at its clinic doors.
Thousands of residents have returned to the city since the intense fighting subsided and a trend of high numbers of returnees is predicted to continue. IEDs and unexploded remnants of war remain a major threat for the Raqqa population, and high numbers of blast victims, including children, seem likely to continue in the months to come, unless more demining activities take place.
Residents of Raqqa want to be able to return safely to their homes, businesses and fields. MSF strongly calls on all warring parties and their allies, as well as demining organisations and donors, to increase mine clearance of people's homes and suburbs and increase mine risk education services to protect people from these catastrophic but avoidable deaths and injuries.
MSF provides medical care services free of charge to people in need regardless of religion, race or political affiliation. MSF does not accept funding from any government, religious committee or international agency for its programmes in Syria.
Diala Ghassan/MSF
MSF teams assessing the medical and humanitarian needs in Al Mishlab. east of Raqqa city. 2 November.
A car that was used for a suicide attack during the offensives in Al Raqqa city. This car might still be a threat for the residents who are going back home. Al Mishlab, east of Raqqa.
MSF teams assessing the medical and humanitarian needs in Al Mishlab. east of Raqqa. 2 November. "When we first visited Mishlab, east of Raqqa, it was a ghost town, but on our latest visit, some people had returned to check on their houses, Some found their homes in ruins; others found dead bodies and explosive devices in their houses, gardens and in the streets." says Craig Kenzie, leader of MSF's Raqqa response team
OUR WORK IN SYRIA >
Central African Republic: Women, children wounded and medical centre hit by violent clashes in Bambari
Beirut: "The explosion did not distinguish between its victims and neither should the aid response"
MSF responds after massive explosion in Beirut, Lebanon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to check for exit code of the ssh tunnel? I have a command of the form:
dd if=/my/block/device | ssh myuser@otherserver "gzip > file.gz"

How to check if the ssh command failed due to connectivity problems?
Thanks.

A: From man 1 bash:

The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command, unless the pipefail option is enabled. If pipefail is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit successfully.

Then from man 1 ssh:

ssh exits with the exit status of the remote command or with 255 if an error occurred.

Normally (with pipefail disabled) you get exit status of ssh. A possible value of 255 may come from ssh itself or may come from whatever command you run on the remote side (but "common" errors usually yield "low" exit status, like 1, 2). In practice 255 indicates something went very wrong.
Exit status is available as special parameter $? just after the pipe exits. Example:
$ true | ssh no-such-address.example.org true
# error message here, skipped
$ echo $?
255

To get more specific information from ssh, you need to analyze its stderr. See the manual, especially -E (if available) and -v options. -E specifies the logfile ssh should write to, but you will get similar effect by redirecting stderr with 2>/path/to/logfile. About -v:

-v
  Verbose mode. Causes ssh to print debugging messages about its progress. This is helpful in debugging connection, authentication, and configuration problems. Multiple -v options increase the verbosity. The maximum is 3.

So the general procedure is like this: after ssh exits, check the exit status; if it's 255, analyze the logfile if the failure is "due to connectivity problems".

A: Use : echo ${PIPESTATUS[1]}
Or echo ${PIPESTATUS[*]} to check the exit status of all commands.
see Examples: $PIPESTATUS:

The members of the $PIPESTATUS array hold the exit status of each respective command executed in a pipe. $PIPESTATUS[0] holds the exit status of the first command in the pipe, $PIPESTATUS[1] the exit status of the second command, and so on.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Glasgow Women's Library and the Gallery of Modern Art in Glasgow are inviting women across the world to write illuminated letters of love and honour to an inspirational woman.
You may have seen our Illuminated letter postcards around the Library
The project is inspired by the exhibition of the works of French artist Niki de Saint Phalle at the Gallery of Modern Art in Glasgow. Most famous for her charming Nanas, Saint Phalle incorporated her artistic practices in most aspects of her life, including her letter-writing. Whether they were addressed to collectors and directors of museums, concerning the acquisition of her works by the gallery, or to her family and friends about her traumatic experiences, her letters are concise, enchanting and, most importantly, beautifully illustrated.
We are inviting women and girls locally, nationally and internationally to create their own illuminated letters to lost heroines: women who are no longer alive but whose histories and achievements are secreted safely in the shelves and boxes of the Women's Library. All the letters received will be exhibited on International Women's Day in March 2014.
What would you write to your heroine?
We have compiled a list of inspirational women which can be downloaded here.
However, the list is not exhaustive and we would be delighted if you wish to write a letter to another woman who has been important and inspirational in your life. If your heroine is not on our list of inspirational women, it would be great if you could include a picture and a short biography. The letters can be written in English or any other language (translations are welcome but not a requirement!).
Send your illuminated letter to our future home:
23 Landressy Street
G40 1BP
Or bring it in to the Library!
For more information on Glasgow Museums collection of Niki de Saint Phalle works please visit the GoMA website.
For more information or if you have any questions, please contact us.


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About Isonomia
Legislation and litigation
Waste Crime
Green economics
Waste prevention
Collection frequency
Home/Posts/Climate change, Recycling/Measure for measure
by Eric Bridgwater and Rob Gillies
The UK Government has been hinting that, in a post-Brexit future, the UK might move away from weight-based recycling rates as the key measure of waste management environmental performance. So what alternatives are there, and why might they be preferable?
Weight and see
The most common criticism of weight-based recycling rate targets is that they don't adequately incentivise making waste management interventions further up the waste hierarchy. There are good reasons to believe that the greatest environmental benefits come from waste prevention, but if you reduce the amount of recyclable material entering the market, you may make a weight-based target harder to hit. A high recycling target can incentivise maximising the collection of waste for recycling, when in the past some of that material might have been managed by householders. The main example is where local authorities collect garden waste for municipal composting: this seems not to simply divert waste from the residual stream but also draws in waste that people in the past might have composted at home.
So, what should we be looking for in an alternative? Ideally it would better incentivise action in line with the waste hierarchy and circular economy principles, and incentivise reductions in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with waste management. It would also be helpful if an alternative measurement method can be considered fair across different local authority types, in terms of socio-demographics and geography, and of course it needs to be practicable. If it relies on data that are difficult to collect, or very complex calculations and metrics, it may prove impossible to implement or difficult to explain or justify to non-experts.
A range of possible alternative measures of performance could be considered:
Percentage of waste landfilled (less being better);
Total waste arisings (less being better);
Residual waste per household or capita (less being better);
GHG emissions-related measures such as:
GHG impact per tonne of waste managed;
Percentage of total potential GHG savings achieved (measured as GHG savings from recycling collection, compared to the maximum possible GHG savings if all collected waste that was recyclable/compostable was in fact collected for recycling/composting); and
GHG impact per person (for household waste).
Many of these measures have already been used. Eunomia already publishes a GHG metric in the form of our Recycling Carbon Index. This metric focuses on the GHG emissions saved as a result of recycling, and therefore highlights the differential benefit of collecting and recycling materials according to their GHG impacts. There is also precedent for a measure of GHG performance per tonne of waste managed, in the form of the Mayor of London's Emissions Performance Standard, which Eunomia helped to develop. However, neither of these approaches provides an inducement or incentive to prevent waste.
How do different waste management metrics measure up? Photo: Sean MacEntee (CC BY 2.0), via Flickr.
Zero Waste Scotland's Carbon Metric is an example of an overall embodied carbon metric. As well as quantifying the carbon benefit of recycling, it also takes account of waste prevention. While Scotland still uses a tonnage-based target, this metric allows the Scottish Government to track performance in a different way, which is sensitive to prevention and recycling in equal measure. However, preparing it is a relatively painstaking process, requiring regular research and updates to keep up to date with the changing GHG impacts of the production and treatment of materials.
For good measure
Our analysis of the available measures of performance concluded that the most favourable metrics would be:
amount of residual household waste per person per year; and
GHG emissions (expressed as CO2 equivalent emissions per person per year).
The former incentivises waste prevention as well as recycling, focusing on preventing material from leaking out of the circular economy. It is being ever more widely used in other parts of Europe, particularly in Italian municipalities and in Belgium, and is the performance measure of choice for Zero Waste Europe. It is well understood by local authorities and easy to communicate to residents.
Although more complex to calculate and susceptible to fluctuations due to factors that aren't directly related to changes in waste management, the advantage of the GHG emissions metric is that it more closely approximates to the environmental benefit achieved through waste management. The calculation would consider a) the embodied GHG emissions of what is consumed and b) the offsetting benefits associated with recycling of that waste that is generated. This provides an incentive to manage waste in ways that help achieve the best overall environmental performance.
Better still might be the use of a 'dashboard' of indicators, incorporating several measures. One could be treated as the lead indicator, while the others enable local authorities to consider – perhaps focusing on their own performance over time, rather than comparing with the performance of others – where there is scope for improvement.
Brexit means there is a degree of uncertainty about whether (or at least, for how long) the UK will sign up to the new EU recycling targets. Now is as good a time as any to consider which alternative measures of performance would more properly incentivise improvements in waste management performance in the future. There's nothing to stop us from adopting alternative metrics alongside any tonnage-based target for recycling, and taking waste management in a direction that the EU might want, in due course, to consider following.
Eric Bridgwater and Rob Gillies
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Rob Gillies
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Janet Rawlings 10 February 2018 at 15:38	- Reply
Wouldn't the GHG Emissions target penalise incineration?
Are there an internationally agreed set of GHG emission values for materials? I could see renewable energy versus fossil fuel energy use in production and recycling processes being used to skew the figures.
Peter Jones 12 February 2018 at 00:13	- Reply
Hi Janet, Shlomo,
Good questions – and ones that are very difficult to answer in the abstract. Broadly, for a GHG approach to work, the UK would need to come up with a set of carbon factors that reflect how the materials we use are produced, and the carbon impacts of waste treatments. So, what might they look like?
Shlomo – you'll already be familiar with the factors that would decide how EfW plays out: what is the composition of the incinerated waste? What assumptions are made about the displaced sources of electricity? How is landfill assumed to perform? The answers to these questions would determine how EfW performs in a GHG assessment.
Janet – it's not really possible to do an international set of emission values, as the relevant assumptions for each county are different. The analysis that's gone into setting Scotland's carbon factors is a pretty good indication of the complex issues involved: http://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/content/scotland%E2%80%99s-carbon-metric-impact
Shlomo Dowen 10 February 2018 at 09:38	- Reply
Would incineration be penalised or rewarded? How might a GHG-based metric handle biogenic carbon??
Is Santa's beard green?
What does the ProTreat case tell us about the waste hierarchy?
Who is winning the climate change election?
Taking responsibility: EPR in the USA
Five things to consider when declaring a climate emergency
Our Topics Select Category Air quality (13) Anaerobic digestion (13) Behaviour change (74) Circular Economy (32) Climate change (38) Collection frequency (12) Commercial waste (28) Conservation (2) Consumption (52) Energy (58) Farming (9) Food waste (24) Green economics (27) Incineration (32) Infrastructure (45) Investment (36) Legislation and litigation (26) Life cycle analysis (9) Litter (34) Local authorities (106) Marine (6) Miscellaneous (43) Modelling (8) Natural capital (3) Politics (19) Pollution (36) Procurement (1) Producer Responsibility (7) Recycling (156) Reuse (10) Transport (13) Waste (214) Waste Crime (9) Waste prevention (41) Water (16)
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Is Santa's beard green? 18 December 2019
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Five things to consider when declaring a climate emergency 15 November 2019
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In an amazing game at Barnet where Town were 3-1 down the Glovers returned home with all three points after a dramatic 4-3 win.
Town fell behind midway through the first half and the home side doubled their lead from the penalty spot five minutes into the second half after Akinde was fouled in the area.
The Glovers pulled a goal back via a Matt Dolan 20-yard strike before Akinde made it 3-1. Yeovil then pulled another goal back thanks to Nathan Smith's header befire pulling level with 15 minutes to go after Francois Zoko scored.
In the dying stages Harry Cornick made it 4-3 following a superb break from a Barnet corner.
Manager Darren Way made on change to his starting eleven with Marc Laird making a return in the place of Harry Cornick.
On five minutes the home side nearly opened the scoring when a corner from the left was met by the head of Dembele at the back post. His header looped over Krysiak but Ryan Dickson was on the line to head away any danger.
Barnet took the lead on 22 minutes after Town failed to clear their lines. A cross from the Barnet left from Akinde was met at the back post by James Pearson who crossed back across the goal into the path of Gash, whose shot hit the ground and looped over Krysiak into the top corner of the net.
Just after the half hour mark Town nearly drew level. A free kick on the right wing was swung in by Dolan and with Stephens back pedaling the ball bounced back off the cross bar and the home side managed to clear away to safety.
With five minutes of the first half remaining Town had their best chance of the half. A superb ball from Dolan found the run of Laird, but with just the keeper to beat the Scot sent his header over the bar.
Town started the second period very brightly and nearly equalised within seconds of the second half startings. Zoko beat his marker to the ball to get enough space in the area to fire a shot at goal. Keeper Stephens made a good save with his chest and the ball fell to Laird, but shot was well blocked by defender Nelson.
Despite the bright start by the Glovers to the second half the home side made it 2-0 after 52 minutes. Barnet striker Akinde was fouled inside the area by Alex Lacey leaving referee Stockbridge no option but to award a penalty. The former Bristol City striker dusted himself down to send Krysiak the wrong way to make it 2-0 to the home side.
Town pulled a goal back within five minutes when a 20-yard strike from midfielder Dolan beat the full stretched Stephens and nestled into the bottom corner.
Just after the hour mark Akinde scored his second of the afternoon when he latched onto a long ball over the top to head over Krysiak into an empty net.
Moments later Town made it 3-2. A corner from the right was whipped in by goal scorer Dolan. Defender Smith timed his run right to meet the ball with his head to nod home past Stephens, to score only his second ever career goal.
Town made it 3-3 with 15 minutes remaining when Zoko twisted and turned his way into space to fire a low effort past Stephens, much to the delight of the noisy travelling fans in the away end.
The home side had the ball in the net in injury time, but scorer Akinde was deemed to have fouled Lacey in the build up.
Town secured the win in the dying stages when Krysiak gathered a corner and released Walsh, who broke quickly to release Cornick, who made no mistake in slotting home to make it 4-3.


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Lung Infection
Obstructive Lung Disease
General Pulmonology
Home » Decision Support in Medicine » Pulmonary Medicine
Pulmonary Complications of Illicit Drug Use
Elizabeth Yogiaveetil
Anne O'Donnell
What every physician needs to know:
According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 27.1 million Americans age twelve years or older use illicit drugs. Pulmonary complications of illicit drug use are common because the lungs are exposed to both the environment and the circulation; hence, all illicit drugs that are inhaled or injected are potentially damaging to the lungs. Physicians should be aware of the pulmonary complications of illicit drug use in order to diagnose these disorders correctly and manage them in a timely fashion.
Non-infectious pulmonary complications
acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
pulmonary granulomatosis
alveolar hemorrhage
organizing pneumonia
emphysema and bullous lung disease
airways disease
pleural disease
Infectious pulmonary complications
pneumonia and bronchitis
septic pulmonary emboli
Are you sure your patient has a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use? What should you expect to find?
Patients with pulmonary complications of illicit drug use are often recognized because of other signs and symptoms of the drug use. However, because patients often abuse illicit drugs surreptitiously, the pulmonary complications are often recognized only with careful questioning of the patient and/or use of laboratory screening for the presence of illicit drugs. Patients who inject heroin or other narcotics or methamphetamines may present with acute pulmonary edema, which may be fatal unless they present to emergency care in a timely fashion, in which case the edema will usually reverse while the patient is receiving supportive care.
Injection drug use with narcotics or with other illicit drugs, particularly crushed oral tablets, may lead to the development of pulmonary granulomatosis. Patients with this condition have progressive shortness of breath with interstitial or emphysematous abnormalities seen on chest imaging. Lung tissue shows the presence of foreign body granulomas that are usually due to talc, in the interstitium and alveolar walls. The rise of illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) has been implicated in the increasing number of opioid-involved overdoses. While primarily injected or snorted, diverted prescription fentanyl patches can also be smoked, with a single case report of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis presumed to result from this route of drug use. IMF is also reported to be mixed with heroin, resulting in a combination with increased potency and rapid progression to overdose and death.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension due to the presence of talc granulomas in the vascular walls is a rare complication of injection drug use. Pulmonary hypertension may also develop in these patients because of co-morbid HIV infection. Severe bullous emphysema is another complication of injection drug use that is related to the presence of talc granulomas. Precocious emphysema, which has been reported in inhaled marijuana as well as in injectors of heroin and methylphenidate, can lead to pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Chronic bronchitis and acute bronchospasm are side effects of both injection and inhalation drug use.
Patients who smoke crack cocaine may present with hemoptysis that is due to alveolar hemorrhage. Organizing pneumonia has also been associated with cocaine use.
Extensive studies have been performed in chronic drug abusers to investigate the role of injection and smoked illicit substances on lung function. Chronic marijuana smoking may add to the airway effects of tobacco smoking, while inhaled heroin and inhaled cocaine have been reported to cause acute wheezing and early onset emphysema. Airway hyperreactivity in stimulant use may be related to the additives or solvents with which these drugs are combined, including levamisole, silica and ammonia. Inhalation injury, including thermal damage to the upper airway and trachea, can be caused by "freebasing" cocaine. Exposure to methamphetamine laboratories has caused inhalation injury in illicit drug users and public safety officers. Pleural complications of illicit drug abuse include direct injury to the pleura and resultant pneumothorax from injection and from spontaneous pneumothorax complicating bullous lung disease.
Synthetic cannabinoids are increasing in popularity and have potent agonist activity on cannabinoid receptors as well as dopamine receptors. While their toxicities are primarily neurologic and cardiac in nature, isolated case reports have also noted hemoptysis, pneumothorax and pulmonary infiltrates that resolve with supportive care. These patients may require mechanical ventilatory support depending on the extent of their CNS depression.
Patients who use injected and inhaled drugs are more susceptible to pulmonary infections, including pneumonia and bronchitis, than are those who do not. Aspiration pneumonia is a complication of illicit drug use that results from the altered mental status caused by the drug. Septic pulmonary emboli due to the injection of contaminated illicit drugs via infected needles is another infectious complication of injection illicit drug use. Smoking crack cocaine and other illicit drugs has been implicated in an increased prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Beware: there are other diseases that can mimic a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use:
Patients with pulmonary complications from abuse of illicit drugs may also be infected with HIV, so the pulmonary complications of HIV infection can overlap with the pulmonary complications of the drug use. The non-infectious and infectious complications of illicit drug use are not unique, as all of these disorders may be seen in patients who do not abuse illicit drugs. Health care providers should be aware of the relationship between illicit drug use and these relatively common pulmonary disorders.
How and/or why did the patient develop a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use?
Injected and inhaled illicit drugs cause direct damage to the pulmonary vasculature, airways and alveoli. Injected drugs can affect the pulmonary vascular permeability and result in pulmonary edema. Sympathomimetic drugs like cocaine and amphetamines can raise the pulmonary arterial pressure. In vivo studies have demonstrated that amphetamine use can lead to DNA damage and pulmonary vascular remodelling. Intravenous injection of foreign material causes septic pulmonary emboli and formation of granulomas along the pulmonary vasculature.
Inhalation drug use results in direct airway inflammation and damage; thermal injury to the upper airway and trachea have also been seen in those who "freebase" cocaine. Injected and inhaled drugs can cause granuloma formation in the alveolar walls, resulting in thinning of those walls, which manifests as emphysema. Inflammation of the interstitium and fibrosis may also be caused by the injection or inhalation of drugs.
Which individuals are at greatest risk of developing a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use?
All individuals who use illicit drugs can develop pulmonary complications. HIV co-infection may be an additive risk factor, particularly for pulmonary vascular and infectious pulmonary complications. Injection drug users who reuse and/or share needles and syringes are at particular risk for infectious complications. Chronic heavy smokers of marijuana may be at risk for obstructive lung disease later in life, while habitual smokers of cocaine can develop chronic airway disease, chronic alveolar hemorrhage, and medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary arteries and resultant pulmonary arterial hypertension.
What laboratory studies should you order to help make the diagnosis, and how should you interpret the results?
There are no routine blood or sputum tests that diagnose the pulmonary complications of illicit drug use. Urine and blood testing to detect illicit drugs may be helpful, particularly in surreptitious users, but many of the parent compounds have short half-lives and readily undergo hydrolysis. In the acute period, metabolites of synthetic cannabinoids are detectable in the serum.
What imaging studies will be helpful in making or excluding the diagnosis of a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use?
Routine chest radiography may show findings consistent with the pulmonary complications of drug use, particularly interstitial disease, nodular infiltrates, bullous emphysema, pulmonary infections, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. Chest CT is particularly helpful in diagnosing the more subtle manifestations of these conditions. Nodules of varying sizes, ground-glass opacities, consolidation, air trapping, and emphysema are all detected by CT scanning, particularly using protocols that provide high-resolution, thin-cut images.
What non-invasive pulmonary diagnostic studies will be helpful in making or excluding the diagnosis of a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use?
Pulmonary function testing is helpful in detecting the type and severity of the pulmonary manifestations of illicit drug use. Abnormalities of airflow detected by spirometry confirm the presence of airways disease, and lung volume and diffusing capacity (DLCO) measurements quantify the degree of interstitial disease and/or emphysema. Increased residual volume, increased functional residual capacity, and reduced DLCO are seen in emphysema, while reduced total lung capacity and reduced DLCO are consistent with interstitial disease.
Echocardiography is used to detect vegetations on cardiac valves that cause septic pulmonary emboli. Echocardiograms are also useful in evaluating cardiac function when patients present with pulmonary edema. Indirect measurement of pulmonary artery pressures are also helpful when illicit drug users are suspected of having pulmonary arterial hypertension; a right heart catheterization can confirm the presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
What diagnostic procedures will be helpful in making or excluding the diagnosis of a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use?
Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy can be useful in the evaluation of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary infections. Surgical lung biopsy is rarely required, as the history of drug use coupled with the radiographic and bronchoscopic findings are generally sufficient to confirm the disease type. Right heart catheterization is necessary to confirm pulmonary arterial hypertension.
What pathology/cytology/genetic studies will be helpful in making or excluding the diagnosis of a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use?
Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial or surgical lung biopsy can be useful in detecting infections in carefully selected cases. Transbronchial or surgical lung biopsy can also confirm the presence of talc or other foreign bodies and/or granulomatous inflammation and differentiate between airway and alveolar diseases.
Patients in whom cocaine use is suspected as the causative agent in midline destructive lesions may warrant ANCA testing, as cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL) with associated pulmonary findings can be difficult to distinguish from granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).
If you decide the patient has a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use, how should the patient be managed?
Cessation and abstinence from illicit drug use may result in disease reversal or stabilization, but otherwise, treatment options depend on the specific diagnosis.
Non-infectious complications – Airway diseases may benefit from bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroid therapy, while select interstitial diseases may benefit from systemic steroids (unless there is fixed fibrosis). Pulmonary vascular disease may benefit from vasodilator therapies, and infectious complications require targeted antibiotic therapy.
Acute pulmonary edema from cocaine or heroin abuse is treated with ventilatory support and general supportive care.
The risks of these management options are generally the same in illicit drug users as in the general population.
What is the prognosis for patients managed in the recommended ways?
The prognoses for the various pulmonary complications are similar compared to patients in the general population. The prognosis is largely affected by whether the patient stops inhalation or ingestion of the illicit drug.
What other considerations exist for patients with a pulmonary complication of illicit drug use?
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