Home > December 2017 > Using Deposits to Rescue Banks is a Bad Idea; It Needs to Be Nipped in the Bud..
Using Deposits to Rescue Banks is a Bad Idea; It Needs to Be Nipped in the Bud..
I have been travelling for the past two weeks and a question that has been put to me, everywhere I have gone is: "will fixed deposits be used to rescue banks that are in trouble?"
People have been getting WhatsApp forwards essentially saying that the Modi government is planning to use their bank deposits to rescue all the banks that are in trouble. As is usually the case with WhatsApp, this is not true. The truth is a lot more nuanced.
Let's try and understand this in some detail.
Where did the idea of fixed deposits being used to rescue troubled banks come from?
The government had introduced The Financial Resolution and Deposit Insurance(FRDI) Bill, 2017, in August 2017. This Bill is currently being studied in detail by a Joint Committee of members belonging to the Lok Sabha as well as the Rajya Sabha.
The basic idea behind the FRDI Bill is essentially to set up a resolution corporation which will monitor the health of the financial firms like banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, etc., and in case of failure try and resolve them.
The Clause 52 of the FRDI Bill uses a term called "bail-in". This clause essentially empowers the Resolution Corporation "in consultation with the appropriate regulator, if it is satisfied that it necessary to bail-in a specified service provider to absorb the losses incurred, or reasonably expected to be incurred, by the specified service provider."
What does this mean in simple English? It basically means that financial firms or a bank on the verge of a failure can be rescued through a bail-in. Typically, the word bailout is used more often and refers to a situation where money is brought in from the outside to rescue a bank. In case of a bail-in, the rescue is carried out internally by restructuring the liabilities of the bank.
Given that banks pay an interest on their deposits, a deposit is a liability for any bank. The Clause 52 of FRDI essentially allows the resolution corporation to cancel a liability owed by a specified service provider or to modify or change the form of a liability owed by a specified service provider.
What does this mean in simple English? Clause 52 allows the resolution corporation to cancel the repayment of various kinds of deposits. It also allows it to convert deposits into long term bonds or equity for that matter. Haircuts can also be imposed on firms to which the bank owes money. A haircut basically refers to a situation where the borrower negotiates a fresh deal and does not payback the entire amount that it owes to the creditor.
The bail-in will not impact any liability owed by a specified service provider to the depositors to the extent such deposits are covered by deposit insurance. This basically means that the bail-in will impact only the amount of deposits above the insured amount. As of now, in case of bank deposits, an amount of up to Rs 1 lakh is insured by the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC). This amount hasn't been revised since 1993.
Typically, anyone who has deposits in a bank tends to assume that they are 100 per cent guaranteed. But that is clearly not the case. Over the years, the government has prevented the depositors from taking a hit by merging any bank which is in trouble with another bigger bank.
So, to that extent the situation post FRDI Bill is passed, is not very different from the one that prevails currently. It's just that the government has come to the rescue every time a bank is in trouble and I don't see any reason for that to change, given the pressure on the government when such a situation arises and the risk of the amount of bad press it would generate, if any government allowed a bank to fail.
Over and above this, Clause 55 of the FRDI Bill essentially states that "no creditor of the specified service provider is left in a worse position as a result of application of any method of resolution, than such creditor would have been in the event of its liquidation."
This basically means that no depositors after the bail-in clause is implemented should get an amount of money which is lesser than what he would have got if the firm were to be liquidated and sold lock, stock and barrel.
While, this sounds very simple in theory, it will not be so straightforward to implement this clause.
So why is the government doing this?
In late 2008 and early 2009, governments and taxpayers all over the world bailed out a whole host of financial institutions which were deemed too big to fail. In the process, they ended up creating a huge moral hazard.
As Mohamed A El-Erian writes in The Only Game in Town: "[IT] is the inclination to take more risk because of the perceived backing of an effective and decisive insurance mechanism."
If governments and taxpayers keep rescuing banks what is the signal they are sending out to bank managers and borrowers? That it is okay to lend money irresponsibly given that governments and taxpayers will inevitably come to their rescue.
In order to correct for this moral hazard, in November 2008, the G20, of which India is a member, expanded the Financial Stability Forum and created the Financial Stability Board. The Board came up with a proposal titled "Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions". This proposal suggests to "carry out bail-in within resolution as a means to achieve or help achieve continuity of essential functions". India has endorsed this proposal. Hence, unlike what WhatsApp forwards have been claiming this proposal has been in the works for a while now.
But does this really prevent moral hazard?
A bulk of the banking sector in India is controlled by the government owned public sector banks. As of September 30, 2017, these banks had a bad loans rate of 12.6 per cent (for private banks it is at 4.3 per cent).
Bad loans are essentially loans in which the repayment from a borrower has been due for 90 days or more. The bad loans rate when it comes to lending to industry is even higher. In case of some banks it is close to 40 per cent.
This is primarily because banks over the years, under pressure from politicians and bureaucrats, lent a lot of money to crony capitalists, who either siphoned off this money or overborrowed and are now not in a position to repay. This is a risk that remains unless until the banking sector continues to primarily remain government owned in India.
Also, the rate of recovery of bad loans of banks in 2015-2016, stood at 10.3 per cent.
This does not inspire much confidence. In this scenario, having a clause which allows the resolution corporation to get depositors to pay for the losses that banks incur, is really not fair. The moral hazard does not really go away. The bankers, politicians and crony capitalists, can now look at bank deposits to rescue banks. As of now, the government and the taxpayers have kept rescuing public sector banks, by infusing more and more capital into them. Now the depositors can take over, if FRDI Bill becomes an Act.
It is worth pointing out here that the other G20 countries which have supported this proposal have some sort of a social security system in place, which India lacks. Given this, deposits are the major form of savings and earnings for India's senior citizens and clearly, they don't deserve to be a part of any such risk.
While, any government will think twice before using depositor money to rescue a bank, this is not an option that should be made available to governments or bureaucrats in India. It is a bad idea. It needs to be nipped in the bud.
These are my initial thoughts on the issue. Depending on how the situation evolves, I will continue to write on it.


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Each skein is individually wound – so colours do vary and will not necessarily be identical to skein shown. Ideal for knitting and weaving or embellishing.


14 Night Cruise sailing from Hong Kong to Yokohama aboard Westerdam.
You feel the buzz of South Asia's legendary financial generator the moment you arrive. Immersing yourself in Hong Kong life takes only seconds as the pulse of the island city-state beats so quickly and never sleeps. The deep-water harbor, the high rise corporate headquarters glowing at night in neon and LED light displays, zillions of restaurants, old world markets, unbelievable shopping — have you rested yet? Only a few of Aberdeen's old world junks and sampans remain, but you can still rise above it all on the tram ride to the top of Victoria Peak. Where else can ancient herbal remedies mix with designer fashions, Buddhist monks, and modern international businessmen?
Tianjin is a metropolis in North China and one of the five national central cities. It is located in Northern China along the coast of the Bohai Gulf. As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Tianjin is not a terrifically popular tourist destination. It is, however, the gateway to Beijing for cruise passengers.
Visitors to the Port of Tianjin should see the Huangyaguan section of the Great Wall of China. Originally built in the middle 6th Century AD, it has undergone repairs during the Ming Dynasty and again in 1985. This section of the Great Wall was the north entrance to Jinxian. Tianjin's Old City is a wonderful historic area where visitors will be love the traditional charm of the buildings and the stories that accompany them.
Nagasaki is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū in Japan. It is most infamously known for the nuclear bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, killing a total of over 100,000 people. Six days later Japan surrendered, officially ending World War II. The Peace Park, Peace Statue, and the Atomic Bomb Museum were created to commemorate the 1945 Atomic bomb tragedy.
Today Nagasaki is a popular tourist destination with many interesting and beautiful places to visit. Among them are Glover Garden, former 19th Century home of a British merchant where hillside gardens overlook the harbor. It is a pleasant collection of relocated European style homes built for foreign traders and diplomats when Japan was opened to world after the Meiji Restoration of the mid 19th century.
The Sofuku-ji – temple was constructed in 1629 by Chinese residents of Nagasaki, this temple is one of the best examples of Ming Dynasty architecture in the world. Even in China itself there are few surviving structures that display Ming Dynasty architecture as well as Sofuku-ji.


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UNESCO's Communication and Information Sector will be holding a launch event at the Press Club Brussels to mark the publication of "Terrorism in the Media: A Handbook for Journalists".
The Ethical Journalism Network's latest report reflects on a year of unprecedented news-making, "fake news" and "post-truth" as well as the ethical challenges faced by the media and journalists.
NordMedia is seeking abstract submissions and panel session proposals for the NordMedia 2017 conference in Tampere, Finland, from 17-19 August 2017.
PBS is looking for innovative educators from across the USA who specialise in the use digital teaching tools to enter their Digital Innovators Program.
RIPE's biannual conference provides a wealth of academic resources on all things public service media.


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Added Value, and Values
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Colin Burn Associate
Representative Work Accolades Publications Legal Posts News Speaking Engagements
Representative Work
Aritzia Inc. in its C$330M secondary offering of subordinate voting shares and concurrent share repurchase of C$107M of subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares from Berkshire Partners.
Newmarket Gold Inc. in its C$1B acquisition by Kirkland Lake Gold Inc.
Vale S.A. in its sale to Silver Wheaton Corp of an additional 25% of the gold by-product stream from Vale's Brazilian Salobo copper mine for US$800M.
Horizon Utilities Corporation in its amalgamation with Enersource Corporation and PowerStream Inc. to form Alectra Inc. and Alectra Utilities Corporation and their acquisition of Hydro One Brampton Networks Inc., to form one of the largest municipally owned utilities in North America.
Axium consortium including Manulife and The Alberta Teachers' Retirement Fund Board in its acquisition of a one-third interest in the K2 Wind Project, a Southern Ontario-based 270 Mwh wind project from Samsung Renewable Energy and the consortium's mezzanine financing provided by Caisse de dépot et placement du Québec.
One51 plc in its C$280M acquisition of IPL Inc.
Centerra Gold Inc. in connection with its $300M acquisition of a 50% interest in a joint venture limited partnership formed with Premier Gold Mines Limited in respect of Premier's Trans-Canada Project in Northern Ontario.
SCM Insurance Services Inc., a TorQuest Partners portfolio company, in connection with its acquisition of the property and casualty businesses of Granite Global Solutions Corp., a Genstar Capital portfolio company.
Kaizen Discovery Inc. in connection with its acquisition of West Cirque Resources Ltd. by way of plan of arrangement.
Silvercreek Solar Park, in a joint venture with One West Holdings (a subsidiary of Concord Pacific), in connection with a project financing of the development of a 10-MW ground-mounted solar photovoltaic plant.
Starwood Energy Group Global and Fiera Axium Infrastructure in their acquisition, through a joint venture, of four ground-mounted solar photovoltaic plants with an aggregate production of approximately 34-MW the concurrent closing of a project finance facility. Starwood sold its interest in the joint venture to Fiera Axium immediately prior to closing.
Chengdu Tianqi Industry (Group) and its subsidiary Windfield Holdings, as Canadian counsel, in connection with Windfield Holdings' C$850M acquisition of Talison Lithium Limited by way of a court-approved Australian scheme of arrangement.
Nissan Canada Financial Services Inc. ("NCFS") and Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. in connection with the launch of NCFS's medium term notes program.
A syndicate of underwriters in connection with Golden Star Resource's concurrent offering of US$35M of common shares and US$65M of convertible notes.
A syndicate of underwriters led by CIBC World Markets, RBC Capital Markets and Scotiabank in connection with the cross-border overnight marketed equity financing of Pretium Resources for gross proceeds of approximately US$120M.
A syndicate of underwriters co-led by Cormark Securities, BMO Capital Markets and National Bank Financial in connection with the initial public offering of common shares of Crown Capital Partners.
A syndicate of agents led by HSBC Securities in connection with an offering by Noralta Lodge of $150M in aggregate principal amount of senior secured second lien high yield notes by way of a private placement in all of the provinces of Canada and in the United States.
AGT Food and Ingredients (formerly Alliance Grain Traders) in connection with its offering of C$125M in aggregate principal amount of senior secured second lien high yield notes by way of a private placement in all of the provinces of Canada and in the United States.
IAT Reinsurance in connection with its successful proxy solicitation of MFC Industrial Limited's shareholders in connection with the election of independent directors to the board of directors of MFC Industrial.
Royal Bank of Canada in its C$572M sale of RBC General Insurance Company to Aviva Canada and long-term insurance distribution partnership with Aviva Canada.
© Stikeman Elliott LLP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Q: Why does DebianInstaller always use DHCP? I want a static address!
Q: But DHCP shouldn't run automatically, it breaks on my system/gets the wrong information/is not what I want.
Q: Why are you doing this? Why not use Anaconda/PGI/whatever? Why reinvent the wheel?
Q: Is the DebianInstaller going to be graphical in nature? / Is there any prebuilt/downloadable graphical DebianInstaller?
Q: Does the DebianInstaller support creating and installing to software RAID devices?
Q: How do I install using LVM? Is there any more information about using the LVM installer? LVM installation doesn't work!
Q: DebianInstaller does not include a driver for my xyz network card, but I have (tarball) driver sources. What are the steps for building that driver?
Q: How to install with boot floppies + netinst.iso mounted as a loop device in the ramdisk from a ext2 partition?
Q: How can I create boot iso with my own set of packages?
Q: How can I build the DebianInstaller?
Q: Why doesn't the installer automatically choose the appropriate kernel to install (for example an i686 kernel instead of the generic i386)?
Q: What about SMP support?
Q: Why isn't the installed system configured to use the language I chose during installation?
Q: When I run the DebianInstaller, my keyboard doesn't work!
Q: Why isn't my hardware supported by DebianInstaller, I know there is a Linux driver for it!
Q: There seem to be errors reading the CD!
Q: How can I install sid (unstable) with DebianInstaller?
Q: How do I copy d-i logfiles to a remote host?
Q: How do I install via PPPoE?
Q: How do I use netinst over PPP?
Q: What do I do if I can no longer boot Windows after installing Debian?
Q: Can I use d-i as a rescue system? What pitfalls are there?
Q: How to use preseeding? How to use network console with preseeding?
Q: How to shrink an existing Windows installation?
Q: What types of media are available? What versions are available? Where to download?
Before attempting an installation or reporting a problem, remember to check the errata page (either the errata of Debian/Stable D-I or the errata of DI Development version) to see if your problem is already well known.
If you are experiencing problems with an older version of the installer, please try a more recent version from the Debian-Installer home page, as your problem might already be solved.
Please don't edit this page to ask new questions here! This page is only for frequently asked questions. Please do edit this page to add questions that you know are frequently asked, or to improve the answers.
Run the installer in expert mode (select "Advanced options > Expert"), and you will be able to configure a static address, and many other things besides.
Supply installer boot argument: 'netcfg/disable_autoconfig=true'.
Besides you may set your dhcpd to serve a fixed address to your chosen network card (identified by its mac).
A: DebianInstaller is targeting a larger base of users that have historically installed Debian, including users who don't know what DHCP or static IP addresses are. Thus default behavior is chosen to use DHCP.
You can force static network configuration by providing boot parameter netcfg/disable_dhcp=true at the boot prompt.
A: We're doing this because it's time. Debian has been burdened with a sub-par installer for a full decade, and it's time to change all that. Debian's installer needs to work on more platforms and more types of install media than any other. We need to support installs to S/390 mainframes that have only a teletype console. We needed to support installs to m68k boxes that boot from floppies, as well as to netbooting Sun hardware.
And yes, we want to support flashy and easy installs on Intel clones booting from CD (and USB sticks). And many more. All the currently targeted installation methods are available for download.
Also installs for experienced users with higher control using the same installer are a must.
PGI can't do this. Anaconda can't do this. Only a system designed from the ground up to be completely modular and highly flexible can do so. DebianInstaller is that installer.
A: The DebianInstaller is not graphical by nature, but modularity is a key in its design and allows the use of different kinds of frontends, including a graphical one.
Since Etch, a graphical version of the installer is available for i386, amd64. For powerpc the graphical installer is only available as a separate, experimental image.
See the Installation Guide for further information.
A: The installer supports software RAID levels 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 and 10, and SATA RAID. Note that if you use RAID for /boot, you will be forced to use lilo since grub doesn't support RAID. (251905).
If you do not need to dual boot to MS Windows installed on such a RAID system, please use the DebianInstaller default (software) RAID manager (mdadm) as listed above: it is far better tested and seems equally fast.
A: LVM is fairly straightforward to configure using the menu item in the partitioner titled "Configure the Logical Volume Manager". Please note that it will probably help a lot if you know some LVM terminology - it's recommended that you know the following three concepts: volume group (VG), physical volume (PV) and logical volume (LV) and how these relate to each other.
You can even build an LVM on top of a RAID device even for root. Nevertheless Grub has still some troubles (251905).
Recent versions of the installer can also set up LVM as part of the guided partitioning process.
A: It's possible to do this, but we do not yet have good end-user docs explaining how to do so. We're waiting for an end user to accomplish it and write them from experience. We're glad to help you through the process when you mail us at debian-boot@lists.debian.org (do not forget to add lspci -v output).
See also DebianInstaller/NetInstWithThirdPartyNetworkDriver for a lengthy manual procedure of re-packaging netinst with a regular Debian kernel and the third party driver compiled against it. That procedure should give way to the install-time compilation of the driver against the installer's and the target kernels, a la module-assistant.
A: The netinst CD image includes only the generic i386 kernel, so if you're using that you will always have install the proper kernel for your system manually after the installation if you want an optimized version. Including all the kernels on the netinst CD would use too much space.
If using any other installation method than the netinst CD you should get a kernel installed that is optimized for your hardware.
Update: recent netinst images also include the 686 flavor of the kernel.
A: The installer itself does not need any SMP support and will not boot with an SMP enabled kernel since it merely needs to install the system to your machine.
When the system is being installed, the installer attempts to automatically detect SMP and chose and the appropriate kernel, so that SMP is enabled when you boot into your newly installed Debian system. If it fails to notice that it needs a SMP kernel on your machine, please file a detailed installation report.
On some architectures (including i386 and amd64), the standard Debian kernel image has been compiled with SMP-alternatives support. This means that the kernel will detect the number of processors (or processor cores) and will automatically deactivate SMP on uniprocessor systems.
A: This problem has been fixed, so if you see it using any current image, please file a detailed installation report.
A: This seems to be especially common on laptops. Try booting with no APIC and no local APIC support ("boot: linux noapic nolapic").
A: Some firmwares do not meet the requirements of DFSG (the Debian Free Software Guidelines) and are therefore distributed separately from Debian proper, in the non-free area of our archive: installer iso image file , firmware driver file. See section 2.2 (Devices Requiring Firmware) of the installation guide for detailed instructions.
A: First of all, check that the MD5-sum of the ISO file you downloaded is correct; the md5sum for each of the ?ISOs is available in the same directory as the ISO download. After booting the installer you can also check the CD-ROM: use the <go back> button to back up to the main menu and select the option to check the CD-ROM's integrity.
If you are positive that the CD is correct, it could be that the CD-ROM is old and/or flaky when using DMA. You can try disabling DMA for the CD-ROM (by booting with "linux ide=nodma").
You can also disable DMA using the following procedure.
A tightly folded IDE cable can also cause read errors, try repositioning the cable.
A: The most common and reliable method to install sid is to first install testing and then upgrade from testing to unstable. It is also possible to directly install sid.
It is not possible to install sid from a netinst or full CD. Please use the netboot installation method.
Start the installation in expert mode. After selecting a mirror you will be asked which distribution to install: stable, testing or unstable. We recommend using a daily build of the installer to install testing or unstable.
A: Use the included mini web server.
Get to the main menu and choose the "Save debug logs" menu item.
Tell it to start up the web server, and follow the prompts to download the logs from the web server to your other computer. You can also use "apt-get install installation-report reportbug; reportbug installation-report" and follow the prompts to let it download the log files for you and produce a nice installation report.
A: Use the mini ssh client to push log files to a different host. See DebianInstaller/AsSshClient.
A: Debian Installer, starting with February 2007, supports installing a system via PPPoE and will configure the system accordingly. At the regular Debian Installer boot line just append modules=ppp-udeb.
Installing via PPPoE is not supported yet for installations done via netboot.
More information in the corresponding chapter in the Installation Guide.
A: With the netinst CD-ROM image, or a full CD or DVD, you can set up PPP after the system is installed.
PPP configuration is provided by pppconfig. Be aware that so called winmodems are not supported yet!
A: If all goes well, DebianInstaller should automatically add a working menu item for an existing Windows installation.
Again, change /dev/hda1 to refer to your Windows partition. After updating this file, you will need to run 'lilo' as root.
If there is a menu entry, but you get errors when you try to boot Windows There could be different reasons for this. First you should check that the configuration of your bootloader is correct. See above for some pointers.
A: Yes, you can use d-i to mount your hard disks and fix /etc/shadow if you forgot your password.
And you can also use d-i to boot your system to chroot into your installation and execute your boot-loader (grub, lilo, yaboot, ...) if you cannot boot from hard disk any more.
Just boot the installer with "rescue" and follow the prompts until it mounts your hard disk and gives you a shell chrooted into your system.
Alternatively, just boot the installation system as if you were starting a new installation, proceed to the point where you get to partitioning harddisks and stop there. Next, switch to VT2 (using alt-F2) or back out to the menu and start a shell from there. Create a directory /target, manually mount the partition(s) where you installed Debian on /target and execute chroot /target. You cannot use the d-i menu item "install boot-loader" because the menu systems uses dependencies which require a Debian install (on a clean partition...), which you don't want.
A: Please see the Installation Guide, chapter 6.3.3.3 (Manual Partitioning). Basically, you need to select the item displaying the size of the partition to change the size. Please make sure that you check the partition for correctness before (best with chkdsk), and that you have a backup of your data, and also are able to re-install Windows (or forget about it totally) in case something breaks.
A: The ia64 architecture is not the same as the amd64 architecture and you downloaded the wrong CD image.
Note: as of Wheezy Debian Installer Beta 3, ping is now available.
A: Every utility that is included uses valuable memory, so the installer is as lean as possible and ping is just not essential.


text:
Designers Against Aids (abbreviated DAA) is an international project launched in Belgium in 2004, developed by the non-profit organization Beauty Without Irony, which spreads HIV/AIDS global awareness by using pop culture, celebrities, fashion, and sports to target younger generations, mainly from Western countries.  DAA also expresses the need of media coverage on this disease. MTV, New York Post, Vanity Fair, Vogue, Le Monde, Canal+, Cosmopolitan, Knack, El Pais and International Herald Tribune have reported on DAA and its cause.

Clothing collections
Fashion Against Aids campaigns

DAA is mostly known for their collaboration with fashion company H&M, with whom they launched two "Fashion Against Aids" campaigns in which popular artists designed t-shirts for H&M to raise funds for HIV/AIDS prevention projects, including MTV's "Staying Alive."  The collections launched in 2008 and 2009 featured celebrities like Rihanna, Dita Von Teese, N.E.R.D, Timbaland, Moby, Estelle, Tokio Hotel, Yoko Ono, and Katharine Hamnett. 25% of the sales price of the T-shirts are directly donated to MTV Staying Alive, UNFPA, YouthAIDS and Designers Against Aids

DAA clothing collections

Next to the yearly FAA campaigns, DAA regularly releases clothing items that have been designed by notable designers and artists, such as Chicks On Speed, Tim Van Steenbergen, and La Casita de Wendy. These exclusives are sold in shops worldwide. In September 2016, DAA collaborated with a Belgian fashion brand Essentiel Antwerp. The collection was inspired by the clubbing scene and club culture from the 90's to reflect the core of DAA's work. There's also a video tribute made which can be accessed via
DAA's website page on this collaboration .

Education center
DAA plans to open its International HIV/AIDS Awareness Education Center in 2010 in Antwerp, Belgium to host students from all over the world and include them in prevention and awareness programs which they can later set up in their own countries.

Models against AIDS
Since 2008, "Models Against Aids" informs young models about the dangers of HIV/AIDS. In addition, some of the models raise funds for DAA projects, take part in campaigns and speak out about the need for HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention.

Other recent projects
July 2008: Exhibition of DAA T-shirts customized by Spanish artists and designers at the International Benicàssim Festival in Spain.
September 2008: The proceeds of exclusive denim-themed pieces which were auctioned at the Lee Cooper 100 Years Auction in Paris went to Designers Against Aids (and Red Cross France).
October 2008: A perfume line named Six Scents is launched to raise money for the IHAEC. Six fragrances are produced by Symrise, Metaproject and Joseph Quartana (Seven New York).
June 2009: DAA releases a bedlinen collection in Europe, manufactured by Mistral Home Textiles. The duvet covers and pillowcases are designed by celebrities such as Vive la fête, Bas Kosters, Kate Ryan and Percy Irausquin. The proceeds will again be donated to the International HIV/AIDS Awareness Education Center.

References

External links
 Official site

Fashion organizations
Educational organisations based in Belgium
HIV/AIDS organizations
International organisations based in Belgium

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


To do good. It is in this sense that the entire educational project of Morangos is based.
An integrated system of education that promotes the perfect balance between emotion and reason, between love and knowledge, between sharing and autonomy. And, just like the fruit, which is also good for the heart and the brain, in Morangos we want our children to grow up with an excellent heart, and with an extraordinary brain. Only this way, a healthy and happy life can be built.
THE BEST STARTS HERE! The first words. The first sounds. The first smiles. We promote the physical development, the motor coordination, the sensory and cognitive development, the symbolic function and the language of the child up to 3 years old.
DISCOVER, DISCOVER, DISCOVER. Where the first questions and the first discoveries arise. We support and promote the children who choose us the physical, intellectual, personal and social development, in a global and harmonious way.
TO LEARN MORE AND TO AWAKE THE CREATIVITY. The stage of school exams and artistic auditions began. To increase knowledge and discover talents, we offer a stimulating and creative environment at the intellectual, social, emotional and physical levels.
E QUEM NÃO SALTA…! To laugh, play, run and jump. Here is where you can feel the contagious energy of the kids. The Morangos FunPark is our indoor amusement park.
Av. da Boavista, 1102, 1º Esq.


[패턴영어] I can't bear to see her + 동사원형.
I can't bear to see her + 동사원형.
그녀가 ~하는 걸 도저히 못 보겠어.
I can't bear to see her go.
그녀가 가는 걸 도저히 못 보겠어.
I can't bear to see her lie.
그녀가 거짓말하는 걸 도저히 못 보겠어.
I can't bear to see her sob.
그녀가 흐느끼는 걸 도저히 못 보겠어.
I can't bear to see her primp.
그녀가 몸치장하는 걸 도저히 못 보겠어.
I can't bear to see her suffer.
그녀가 고통 받는 걸 도저히 못 보겠어.
A: She's begging to know. Shall we clue her in?
A: 그녀가 간절히 알고 싶어 하잖아. 귀띔이라도 해줄까?
B: I'm OK with that. I can't bear to see her suffer.
B: 그거도 괜찮을 듯해. 그녀가 고통 받는 걸 도저히 못 보겠거든.
A: She should hate the message, not the messenger.
A: 전하는 사람이 아니라, 그 소식에 화를 낼 거야.
* She's begging to know. : 그녀가 간절히 알고 싶어 하잖아.
* Shall we clue her in? : 귀띔이라도 해줄까?
* I'm OK with that. : 나는 괜찮은 을 것 같은데.
* I can't bear to see her suffer. : 그녀가 고통 받는 걸 도저히 못 보겠거든.
* She should hate the message, not the messenger. : 전하는 삶이 아니라, 그 소식에 화를 낼 거야.


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text:
>JAMES THORNER THE ST. PETERSBURG TIMES
ST. PETERSBURG | Florida's economy is about to double dip. But we won't enjoy the second helping.
At a meeting Thursday morning of Florida's top economic development agency, economists warned that Florida's housing-related recession that began a year ago will grow in length and severity as the national recession spills over its borders.
How bad could it get?
University of Florida economist David Denslow issued his outlook in a presentation before the board of Enterprise Florida in St. Petersburg:
For the first time in history, the number of homes and other buildings hooking into electric meters has fallen statewide year to year. The drop was 7,000 as of August. For a state that relies on migrants, retired or otherwise, it's a discouraging twist of fate.
"We've never seen anything like that before," said Denslow, whose department crunched the numbers this week. "We don't know what to make of it."
A stronger dollar, combined with a widening global recession, will cut into tourism, one of the rosier segments of the state's economy. That's bad news for the beaches, Busch Gardens and Disney World. Restaurant and hotel employment could suffer.
"It's going to make it more difficult for Brazilians and Europeans to come to Orlando or the Tampa Bay area," Denslow said.
The construction industry, which accounts for a huge majority of the 100,000 lost jobs in the state the past year, faces harder times. Denslow noted that home builders started just 3,232 homes in August. That's a smidgen of the peak monthly rate of 20,000 starts three years ago. Florida's unemployment rate was announced at 6.0 percent Friday, down from 6.5 percent in August.
Automobile sales will suffer from a deeper Florida recession. The credit crunch is partly to blame. Denslow said auto loan approval rates have plunged from 83 percent to 62 percent. This is happening despite the stimulus from falling gas prices.
"You'll see a number of automobile dealerships closing," Denslow said.
( In Polk County, employees have said Michael Holley Chevrolet in Lakeland is having trouble making payroll. Bill Heard Enterprises closed all 13 of its sites in September including the one in Plant City.)
The state's loss of manufacturing jobs will accelerate. While high-tech manufacturing may remain strong in fields like medical devices, factories that served the building industry are winding down. Think floor tile, roof truss and PVC pipe makers.
But all is not lost. Denslow predicted Florida's recovery would be "L-shaped," meaning a sharp decline followed by a year or two of little or no growth. But by late 2010 and early 2011, when the first wave of baby boomers turns 65, he predicts a strong comeback for the state. "Florida will start growing vigorously again and become a relatively affluent state," he said.


text:
José Fernando Ferrer Selma (Castellón de la Plana, España, 28 de octubre de 1950) es un exfutbolista español que se desempeñaba como defensa.

Clubes

Referencias

Futbolistas de Castellón
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Castellón
Futbolistas del Real Club Deportivo Espanyol en los años 1970
Futbolistas del Levante Unión Deportiva en los años 1970
Futbolistas del Levante Unión Deportiva en los años 1980
Nacidos en Castellón de la Plana


Fresh Cut Fresh Start Back to School initiative began in 2006. Year to date the back to school event has given just about 1000 free haircuts and thousands of backpacks filled with free school supplies to Kansas City area children. In addition to the school supplies and haircuts given, FCFS has provided 3000+ parents with information on needed resources and partnerships such as: housing, spiritual guidance, health resources, utility and bill assistance, parenting information and much more.
Partnering with health alliances, Fresh Cut Fresh Start provides free immunizations for children. Toiletries for those in need and has fed over 4000 people at our event. This event provides thousand of hours to those in need of community service, such as high school and college students needing credit to graduate. Since the FCFS beginning, the event has received numerous humanitarian awards and accolades within the community for its positive and recognized impact.
Fresh Cut Fresh Start will continue to build bridges and partnerships with local entrepreneurs, city leaders and business to encourage our youth.


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text:
Online Highways Home > Nevada >
Search Sparks Nevada
Sparks is located in Washoe County just north of Reno, between Fernley and the California state line. It lies along Interstate 80 on the banks of the Truckee River near Pyramid Lake and Lake Washoe.
In 1904, the town was settled by residents of Wadsworth, who moved after their town was replaced by Sparks as the big switching yard on this stretch of the Southern Pacific Railroad. They named the community after Governor John Sparks, who served from 1905 to 1908 and owned a ranch nearby. The railroad was the city's main employer until the engines were changed to diesel power in 1957, compelling closure of the railroad shops.
Today Sparks, population 66,346 and growing, still is a hub of railroad activities, but also has light industry and is a tourist destination. In Sparks is a monument dedicated to Chinese railroad construction workers, as well as a railroad museum. Victorian Avenue offers year-round public events.
Sparks is part of the Reno, Nevada metro area.
History Sparks Heritage Museum |
Motels, Hotels and Resorts McCarren House Inn |
See more Nevada Cities and Towns.
Request a Free copy of the Mile-by-Mile Guide to the Oregon Coast, which will be delivered to your USA postal address. Also request a free first issue of Oregon Coast magazine and sign up for coast deals.
Arden Fair Sacramento CA March30-April18 Open the doors to Arden Fair and step inside. Here you'll find contemporary fashions, jewelry, accessories and brand name merchandise at over 165 specialty stores, plus Nordstrom's, Macy's, Sears, and JC Penney. Arden Fair also has a number of terrific restaurants, everything from fast food to fine dining. And it's completely enclosed, so it's always a comfortable 70 degrees inside no matter what it's like outside.
California Exposition & State Fair Sacramento CA June12-28 The Cal Expo is the site of the California State Fair. All year Satellite Wagering, Waterworld USA, Paradise Island Fun Center and an RV Park are just a few of the features of the Cal Expo.The first State Fair was held in 1854 in San Francisco at the old Music Hall. The fair offered premiums (prizes) for its competitions and included such agricultural exhibits such as 2-inch-long peanuts, 72-pound beets and a 10-pound carrot that was longer than 3 feet. Horseracing was part of that first fair and has continued to be a part of the fair ever since.
The Rio Vista Bass Derby Festival Rio Vista CA October11-13 Rio Vista is proud to host the oldest fishing derby on the West Coast. The festival is a three-day derby for bass, catfish and sturgeon. The festival also boasts music, food and fun for fishermen and non-fishing children and adults as well. The events include a carnival, live music and dancing, classic car show, a pancake breakfast, parade and BBQ. A large fireworks display is also featured on Saturday night.


text:
Roberta Joan Mitchell z domu Anderson (ur. 7 listopada 1943 w Fort Macleod) – kanadyjska piosenkarka folk rockowa, popowa i jazz rockowa oraz wokalistka jazzowa. Laureatka dziewięciu nagród Grammy.

Joni Mitchell miała nieoceniony wpływ na twórców różnych gatunków. Jest też wysoce ceniona przez krytyków. AllMusic napisało o niej: "Kiedy opadnie kurz, Joni Mitchell wyłoni się jako najważniejsza i najbardziej wpływowa piosenkarka drugiej połowy XX-wieku". W równie pochlebnych słowach Rolling Stone nazwało Mitchell "jednym z najlepszych tekściarzy w historii".

Życiorys
Urodziła się w Albercie jako Roberta Joan Anderson. Już jako nastolatka nauczyła się grać na gitarze z samouczka Pete'a Seegera. W czasie studiów zaczęła grać profesjonalnie najpierw w Albercie, a potem w Toronto.

Zaczynała swoją karierę muzyczną w małych klubach nocnych w zachodniej Kanadzie, później grając na ulicach Toronto. W 1965 wyszła za mąż za folkowego piosenkarza Chucka Mitchella. To krótkotrwałe małżeństwo zaowocowało pseudonimem artystycznym, pod którym artystka jest znana. Krótko po zawarciu małżeństwa przeniosła się do Detroit, a potem do Nowego Jorku, by tam kontynuować swą muzyczną karierę. W 1968 wydała swój pierwszy album Song to a Seagull. Z czasem stała się jedną z najważniejszych kobiecych gwiazd gatunku folk rocka. Przeboje Big Yellow Taxi i Woodstock z jej trzeciego albumu Ladies of the Canyon (1970), uznane zostały za definiujące dla całego pokolenia. Jej najbardziej osobisty album Blue (1971) nazwany był jednym z najlepszych albumów w historii. Zawsze poszukująca nowych inspiracji, Mitchell eksperymentowała z różnymi gatunkami – wcześniejsze albumy wpisywały się w stylistykę folk rock, późniejsze albumy były inspirowane jazzem i muzyką elektroniczną. Pod koniec lat 70. współpracowała ze znanymi muzykami jazzowymi, Jaco Pastoriusem, Wayne Shorterem, Herbie Hancockiem, Patem Methenym i Charlie Mingusem. Jej największy komercyjny sukces Court and Spark (1974) ma popowe brzmienie.

W swej długiej karierze przeszła przez fazę zainteresowania lżejszym gatunkiem muzyki pop, jak i jazzem, a nawet muzyką etniczną, lecz dziedziną jej największych dokonań jest folk rock, w którym zaliczana jest do ścisłego grona najważniejszych gwiazd gatunku.

W 1997 została wprowadzona do Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. W 2002 została uhonorowana nagrodą za całokształt twórczości podczas 44. rozdania Nagród Grammy. W tym samym roku została odznaczona Orderem Kanady, najwyższym cywilnym kanadyjskim odznaczeniem. W 2004 została doktorem honoris causa Uniwersytetu McGilla w dziedzinie muzyki. W 2021 została otrzymała nagrodę Kennedy Center.

W 2003 została sklasyfikowana na 72. miejscu listy 100 najlepszych gitarzystów wszech czasów magazynu Rolling Stone.

Do największych jej przebojów należą Both Sides Now, Eastern Rain, This Flight Tonight, The Circle Game, Big Yellow Taxi, You Turn Me On (I'm a Radio), Help Me, Free Man in Paris, Raised on Robbery oraz najważniejszy w jej twórczości Woodstock, rozsławiony coverem grupy Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young.

Nagrody Grammy

Dyskografia
 1968: Joni Mitchell (Song to a Seagull)
 1969: Clouds
 1970: Ladies of the Canyon
 1971: Blue
 1972: For the Roses
 1974: Court and Spark
 1974: Miles of Aisles [live]
 1975: The Hissing of Summer Lawns
 1976: Hejira
 1977: Don Juan's Reckless Daughter
 1979: Mingus
 1980: Shadows and Light (live)
 1982: Wild Things Run Fast
 1985: Dog Eat Dog
 1988: Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm
 1991: Night Ride Home
 1994: Turbulent Indigo
 1996: Hits
 1996: Misses
 1998: Taming the Tiger
 2000: Both Sides Now
 2002: Travelogue
 2003: Complete Geffen Recordings
 2004: The Beginning of Survival
 2004: Dreamland
 2005: Songs of Prairie Girl
 2007: Shine

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Strona domowa Joni Mitchell

Kanadyjskie wokalistki rockowe
Kanadyjskie wokalistki jazzowe
Kanadyjskie wokalistki folkowe
Kanadyjscy kompozytorzy
Odznaczeni Orderem Kanady
Członkowie Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Członkowie Songwriters Hall of Fame
Doktorzy honoris causa uczelni w Kanadzie
Urodzeni w 1943
Laureaci Kennedy Center Honors


text:
News > High-profile new trustees join Villiers Park
A former shadow education minister and a past president of the NUS are among Villiers' new trustees
Stephen Exley
News, governance, politics
Villiers Park Educational Trust is delighted to announce the appointment of three high-profile new trustees. Former National Union of Students president Shakira Martin, former shadow education minister Gordon Marsden and senior HE leader Professor Christina Hughes join the board of trustees this month. They will play a significant role in overseeing a crucial period for the charity, as it launches its pioneering new Future Leaders programme and develops ambitious plans to support more young people from less advantaged backgrounds across the country.
Shakira Martin is head of student experience at Rose Bruford College and founder of The Class of 2020 initiative. Prior to this, Shakira served as the national president of the National Union of Students (2017-19), representing 7 million young people studying in further and higher education. She was only the second person to hold the post from an FE background, and the first black women to have held the role in the NUS' 96-year history. She is also a governor of Lambeth College, and until recently sat on the Office for Students' Student Panel. She has achieved a level 7 diploma in strategic management and leadership from the Chartered Management Institute, and is studying for an MA at the University of Winchester.
Ms Martin said: "I am really excited to be joining the Villiers Park family as a trustee. In these crucial times, it is essential that we remain focused on ensuring no young people are left behind, but are instead given the opportunity to reach their full potential through education. I am proud to being joining a board that is fully committed to social justice and social mobility."
Gordon Marsden is former shadow minister for higher education, further education and skills. He previously sat as a member of the House of Commons Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills Committee and Education and Skills Select Committee. He set up and coordinated the independent Lifelong Learning Commission which last year produced a report and policy recommendations for the Labour Party. Gordon also served as chair of the Associate Parliamentary Skills Group and the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Veterans, and was MP for Blackpool South from 1997 to 2019. Before becoming an MP, he was an Open University tutor and lecturer and editor of the History Today magazine.
Gordon has chaired the History of Parliament Trust for the past four years and helped launch English Heritage in the 1980s. He is also a past chair of the Fabian Society.
Mr Marsden said: "I am delighted to be joining Villiers Park - it is a vibrant voice for social mobility and life chances, helping young people countrywide. Both as a shadow education minister and a Blackpool MP, I have seen how crucial support for young people is, not least in areas of transience and disadvantage. As the first person in my family to go to university from a working-class background, this is a very personal passion."
Professor Christina Hughes has extensive experience of social mobility, student achievement and higher education through her work at Warwick, Sheffield Hallam and Kent universities, where she has held senior leadership roles. A sociologist by training, with 16 books published and £1.6m secured in external grant funding, her research focuses on gender and equity. She has been a trustee of the Royal Society of Arts (Academies) and is a governor at Leeds Beckett University. Christina holds a visiting professorship at the University of Coventry's Centre for Global Learning, Education and Attainment, and is co-founder and an honorary life member of the Gender and Education Association. She is also an honorary fellow of the Warwick International Higher Education Academy and principal fellow of Advance HE.
Professor Hughes said: "I am honoured to be joining Villiers Park. Through its work with young people, this amazing organisation is dedicated to achieving that rare outcome I care so much about - a better, more equal and more hopeful world. If I can play a small part in that, I am thankful."
Rae Tooth, chief executive of Villiers Park, said: "The impact of inequality on life outcomes has been writ large in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Our work to empower young people to succeed has never been more important. I am delighted that we are being joined by three new board members, each of whom brings considerable professional knowledge and expertise, as well as passionate advocacy for the power of education and championing young people's voices. I see it as a real vote of confidence in Villiers Park's new vision and programmes that individuals of such high calibre want to support our mission and challenge us to make the biggest possible difference."
John Tizard, chair of Villiers Park, said: "We are delighted that Shakira, Gordon and Christina are joining the Villiers Park board. They bring amazing and diverse experience and knowledge to the trust. They share our values and our commitment to equality, opportunity and equity and addressing the barriers to these in and through education. This is a challenging yet exciting time for the trust. Like many others, we face the challenges of Covid-19 and its consequences. As we roll out our new Future Leaders programme, Villiers Park has demonstrated its resilience and our ability to respond agilely and innovatively. These appointments strengthen the board and Villiers Park's ability to fulfil its mission and champion young people."
We work with 2,000 young people a year, empowering them to succeed. View our latest stats and learn about the impact of our work.
As a charity, we are reliant on the generosity of others to continue providing our impactful and life-changing work.


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Home > California > Riverside County > Riverside
This Inland Empire haven is perfect for the outdoor – and indoor – enthusiast with an eclectic array of parks, trails, and museums in an entrepreneurial-friendly location.
KB Home in Riverside
KB Home is an established homebuilder in this area, offering new homes for sale in Riverside, California. Choose from a selection of open concept floor plans, with some homesites nestled in scenic hills. You'll enjoy community amenities that may include BBQ and picnic areas, basketball courts, sand volleyball courts, and walking trails. Your ENERGY STAR® certified new home will also be convenient to shopping, dining and entertainment, and close to the California Citrus State Historic Park, Loma Linda University Medical Center, and the University of California, Riverside. If you're looking for a new home in a peaceful Riverside community, look no further than KB Home.
Avalon at Spring Mountain Ranch
3-5 bedrooms
Size range 1,392 - 2,383 sqft
Plus cost of solar; homesite premium may apply*
Cambria at Spring Mountain Ranch
Welcome to Riverside
This bustling city rests 60 miles east of Los Angeles, near the Santa Ana River, and is credited with being the birthplace of the California citrus industry. Forbes rated this city #1 in Best Paying Cities for Teachers in the U.S. in 2017, and the thriving industries you'll find here include technology & entrepreneurship, and manufacturing. Education is strong with four local colleges and universities. You can enjoy the temperate weather with over four miles of scenic trails at the University of California Riverside Botanic Gardens, or take a walk on the wildlife side at the 1500-acre Hidden Valley Wildlife Area boasting 25 miles of hiking and equestrian trails. Art lovers will appreciate the traditional and modern collections at the Riverside Art Museum. More highlights include:
California Citrus State Historic Park. Explore the "second Gold Rush," as the early 1900s California citrus boom was known, in the park's museum and then enjoy the site's biking and hiking trails, nature and wildlife viewing, and picnic areas.
Mission Inn Hotel and Spa. This National Historic Landmark began life as an adobe boarding house in 1876. Today the luxury hotel offers award-winning restaurants, a Tuscan-inspired spa, a museum, and the annual Festival of Lights.
KB model home in Riverside, CA
KB model home great room in Riverside, CA
KB model home kitchen in Riverside, CA
KB model home office in Riverside, CA
Other cities in California
Antioch, CA Arcadia, CA Buena Park, CA Chino, CA Citrus Heights, CA Clovis, CA Elk Grove, CA Fillmore, CA Folsom, CA Fowler, CA Fresno, CA Galt, CA Gardena, CA Gilroy, CA Harbor City, CA Hayward, CA Hemet, CA Hollister, CA Homeland, CA Hughson, CA Inglewood, CA Lake Elsinore, CA Lancaster, CA Lathrop, CA Lemon Grove, CA Lincoln, CA Madera, CA Manteca, CA Menifee, CA Moreno Valley, CA Murrieta, CA Nuevo, CA Oakley, CA Oceanside, CA Ontario, CA Ontario Ranch, CA Patterson, CA Petaluma, CA Plumas Lake, CA Rohnert Park, CA Roseville, CA Sacramento, CA San Diego, CA San Jacinto, CA San Jose, CA San Marcos, CA San Pedro, CA Santa Ana, CA Santa Clarita, CA Simi Valley, CA South Perris, CA Spring Valley, CA Stanton, CA Stockton, CA Torrance, CA Turlock, CA Vacaville, CA Valencia, CA Valley Center, CA Ventura, CA Victorville, CA Vista, CA Wildomar, CA Winchester, CA
©2023 KB Home (KBH). No affiliation or sponsorship is intended or implied with the companies mentioned/listed, and all trademarks are owned by the respective trademark owners. Plans, pricing, financing, terms, availability and specifications subject to change/prior sale without notice and may vary by neighborhood, lot location and home series. Buyer responsible for all taxes, insurance and other fees. HOA applies. Move-In Ready homes may require up to approximately 90 days before available for closing. Photos may depict upgraded landscaping/options and display decorator items/furnishings not available for purchase, and may not represent lowest-priced or Move-In Ready homes. See sales counselor for details. Military images and/or information do not reflect nor imply endorsement by Dept. of Defense or Service Branch.


text:
Q: Assign more than one button to bindpopup I have defined two buttons and want them both to be appeared in my bindpopup. Each of them seperately works ok. But when I try to add both of the buttons in the bindpopup, it shows only one of them on the map and inside popup. I do not know how can I solve this problem.
    let btnDelete = document.createElement('button');
    btnDelete.className = 'ti-trash';
    btnDelete.onclick = async () => {
      await api.deleteZone(zone)
      layer.remove()
      }

    let btnEdit = document.createElement('button');
    btnEdit.className = 'ti-pencil';
    btnEdit.onclick = function () {
      layer.editing.enable();
    }

    layer.bindPopup( btnDelete, btnEdit ).openPopup();

A: As per the docs you can only add one HTMLElement to a popup. So you must append your two buttons to a <div> and add that one to the popup:
let btnDiv = document.createElement('div')
btnDiv.append(btnDelete)
btnDiv.append(btnEdit)
layer.bindPopup( btnDiv ).openPopup();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
9EBFE70A-860D-4E6F-905F-B02A40FA7D4C
Musicians mourn the closing of Alex's
Ashland musicians bemoaned the closing of Alex's Plaza Restaurant and Bar, noting it was the last large, music-focused, private venue that welcomed top local talent and traveling acts — and had space for dancing.
"They constantly supported us (locals) and made it worthwhile for out-of-town acts to play, by getting them hotels and giving them meals," said guitarist Bob Evoniuk of LEFT and other groups. "When you wanted music, it was always the first place you checked. It's really going to hurt the music scene. There's no other venue willing to do all that."
Singer Karen Lovely seven years ago got her start from Alex's owners, Charles Tobey and Quinn Courtright. But the recession hit the owners hard, and the effects lingered, she said.
"It was an amazing place, a real haven for musicians. He did a lot to keep live music going in the community, with lots of national acts going between Portland and San Francisco. We're all absolutely devastated," she said, adding she hopes someone will step in and reopen the venue.
As to what might replace the spacious and centrally located Alex's, musicians pointed to smaller dinner houses and taverns, including Wild Goose, Caldera, The Playwright, The Lounge and, in Talent, Avalon.
"Alex's definitely was the premier gig in Ashland, but local live music isn't something the free market will provide here, unless owners are willing to do a lot of free work," said guitarist Jef Fretwell of the Detractors. "It's a headache to do it. You only get a venue of that caliber when owners really care about it and facilitate it. This is depressing it's not there any more."
Alex's was closed Saturday by the landlord, who took possession of the premises and placed a lien on all equipment. The landlord of the nearly 11,000-square-foot building is listed as Matthew Frey Revocable Trust, with an address in Talent. Tobey and Courtright took over the business 10 years ago from Alex Reid, who opened it in May 1987.
— John Darling
Read more in Tuesday's paper.


The Caine Prize was established in 1999 to reward African creative writing and is named in honour of Sir Michael Caine, Chairman of Booker plc and Chairman of the Booker Prize management committee for nearly 25 years. The £10,000 (Ksh1.3 million) Prize is awarded for a short story by an African writer published in English – a short story is defined as between 3000 and 10,000 words long. An 'African writer' is normally taken to mean someone who was born in Africa, who is a national of an African country, or whose parents are African.
The 2013 Caine Prize was won by Nigeria's Tope Folarin for his short story entitled 'Miracle', which is set in an evangelical Nigerian church in the US state of Texas. In the story, the congregation has gathered to witness the healing powers of a blind pastor-prophet who is visiting the US from Nigeria. In a little over 4000 words Tope uses the character of a young boy who volunteers to be healed and begins to believe in miracles to look at religion and the gullibility of those caught in the deceit that sometimes comes from faith.
Tope Folarin was announced as the winner in July at the Bodleian Library at Oxford University. The shortlisted writers were joined by the judging panel, former winners and shortlisters as well as supporters of the Caine Prize in Oxford to announce the winner but also to praise the literature that is emanating from Africa. Ben Okri, the Vice-President of the Caine Prize and winner of the 1991 Booker Prize, reflected on the short story, seeing it as "the master form". He also paid tribute to Chinua Achebe, the Nigerian author who is seen as the 'father of modern African writing'. Okri said: "Chinua Achebe was undeniably literature with a capital 'L' in his lifetime." Tope was judged the winner from 96 entries submitted from 16 different countries.
Tope Folarin is the recipient of writing fellowships from the Institute for Policy Studies and Callaloo, and he serves on the board of the Hurston/Wright Foundation. Tope was educated at Morehouse College, and the University of Oxford, where he earned two Master's degrees as a Rhodes Scholar. He lives and works in Washington, DC.
Based in America, Tope is a voice of the African diaspora, who reside all over the world but still retain a strong African identity. Stories such as 'Miracle' reflect the internationalisation of Africa and its diaspora communities. Much was made of the fact that Tope was born in America and has spent the majority of his life residing there. However, the Caine Prize is open to anyone with African parents as this reflects the importance of the diaspora in maintaining their cultural identity, no matter where they now live.
Tope spoke to the UK's Guardian newspaper regarding his identity: "I'm a writer situated in the Nigerian diaspora, and the Caine Prize means a lot – it feels like I'm connected to a long tradition of African writers. The Caine Prize is broadening its definition and scope. I consider myself Nigerian and American, both identities are integral to who I am. To win… feels like a seal of approval".
For Tope, his trip to Oxford for the announcement dinner brought back memories of his time studying at the University as a prestigious Rhodes Scholar. On winning the Caine Prize, Tope received a £10,000 award and the opportunity of taking up a month's residence at Georgetown University as a Writer-in-Residence at the Lannan Center for Poetics and Social Practice.
The tinny Nigerian gospel music ends when the pastor stands, and he prays over us again. He prays so long and so hard that we feel the weight of his words pressing down on us. His prayer is so insistent, so sincere, that his words emerge from the dark chrysalis of his mouth as bright, fluttering prophesies. In our hearts we stop asking if and begin wondering when our deeply held wishes will come true. After his sweating and shaking and cajoling he shouts another Amen, a word that now seems defiant, not pleading. We echo his defiance as loudly as we can, and when we open our eyes we see him pointing to the back of the church.
Our eyes follow the line of his finger, and we see the short old man hunched over in the back, two men on either side of him. Many of us have seen him before, in this very space; we've seen the old man perform miracles that were previously only possible in the pages of our Bibles. We've seen him command the infirm to be well, the crippled to walk, the poor to become wealthy. Even those of us who are new, who know nothing of him, can sense the power emanating from him.
Abubakar is the author of the short story collection The Whispering Trees (Parresia Publishers, Lagos, 2012). He is a Gabriel García Márquez Fellow and won the BBC African Performance Prize in 2007. He lives in Abuja, Nigeria, and was shortlisted for 'The Whispering Trees'.
This moving piece tells the story of a boy called Salim, who recovers from a car accident only to find he has lost his sight. Salim rapidly loses all hope; his medical studies are neglected, his loving fiancée eventually leaves him and only bitterness remains. As he begins to overcome his tribulations he solves a mystery from his childhood and finds he can see some things more clearly than before.
Pede, a native of Sierra Leone, is an associate professor of English at the University of Tampa, Florida. His interests cover the literature of the African imagination – literary expressions in the African continent, as well as in the African diaspora. So the Path Does not Lie (Langaa Press, Cameroon, 2012 ) is his first novel. His short stories, 'Going to America', 'Back Home Abroad', and 'Resettlement' have appeared in Ìrìnkèrindò: A Journal of African Migration, on the Sierra Leone Writers Series website, and in Matatu 41-12 respectively.
Pede was shortlisted for his enlightening and witty story 'Foreign Aid', which is about Balogun, who returns to Sierra Leone after twenty years in America, toting an abbreviated name, Logan, three suitcases full of cheap clothes, and a wad of cash to appease his relatives who have long learnt to survive without him. As a returned 'been-to' Logan expects to save his family from his country's problems, but finds that "neither party fully understood the reality of the other".
Born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Chinelo Okparanta earned her BSc from the Pennsylvania State University, her MA from Rutgers University, and her MFA from the Iowa Writers' Workshop. She was featured as one of GRANTA magazine's six new voices for 2012, and in May 2013 her collection of short stories entitled Happiness, Like Water was published in the UK and is due to be released in the US by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in August 2013. Chinelo has been nominated for a United States Artists Fellowship in Literature and long-listed for the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award. She currently teaches at Colgate University in the US, where she is Olive B. O'Connor Fellow in Fiction.
'America', Chinelo's shortlisted story, sees the narrator travelling to collect a visa to America to be with the woman she loves, while wondering whether she will "get lost in America", and "what happens when all the hens are gone?". When she is finally granted her visa, the enticement to leave home suddenly becomes a more ambiguous temptation that is contaminated with fear such that the reader is no longer sure whether the narrator will regret staying or going more.
Elnathan, who was shortlisted for 'Bayan Layi', is a full-time writer who trained as a lawyer in Nigeria. His writing has been published in Per Contra, ZAM Magazine, Evergreen Review, Sentinel Nigeria and The Chimurenga Chronicle. Elnathan John writes political satire for a Nigerian newspaper and for his blog. He also teaches and is currently writing a novel.
'Bayan Layi' is about two street children in modern-day Nigeria, who sleep under the Kuka tree in Bayan Layi, which lies next to the River Kaduna. As electoral violence begins in the area the boys take sides arbitrarily based on payments of money, food and drink. The narrator, an almajiri who used to study at the mosque before his father died, is hypnotised by the "breaking and burning business" which he is not used to, but follows the gang leader, Banda, for 200 Naira to buy bread and fried fish, before turning to flee for his life.
The Caine Prize, of which Kenya Airways is a corporate sponsor, is awarded annually each July. The shortlisted stories and more information is available at www.caineprize.com. The Caine Prize 2013 anthology, A Memory This Size and other stories, which contains the five shortlisted stories along with stories written at Caine Prize workshops, is available to buy from Kwani? in Kenya, New Internationalist in the UK and six other publishers in Africa.


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The Jewish Preview of Books—October 2018
By Rachel Scheinerman
At the Jewish Review of Books we receive 40–50 books each week. Here are some coming out this October that we can't wait to crack open.
Philosophers, rejoice! Crescas: Light of the Lord (Or Hashem) (Oxford) offers the first complete English translation of the 14th-century Catalonian Jewish philosopher and halakhist. In response to the intellectualist vision of Judaism in Maimonides's Guide of the Perplexed, Crescas argued that the foremost attribute of the Jewish God is love. And speaking of rationalists, in Hermann Cohen: An Intellectual Biography (Oxford) Frederick C. Beiser argues that the late 19th-century German philosopher was a "radical rationalist" who fully embraced Judaism, which he believed is fundamentally about an unending search for truth. If you are more interested in the history of an idea than a specific thinker, look for Daniel H. Frank's On Liberty: Jewish Philosophical Perspectives (Routledge).
A new crop of Israel books is also coming this month. Dmitry Shumsky's Beyond the Nation-State: The Zionist Political Imagination from Pinsker to Ben-Gurion (Yale) focuses on the thought of five early Zionists (Theodor Herzl, Ahad Ha'am, and Ze'ev Jabotinsky, in addition to the two in the title) and argues that early Zionism was not unilaterally focused on the creation of a Jewish nation-state. Eric Rozenman's Jews Make the Best Demons: "Palestine" and the Jewish Question (New English Review Press) promises a disheartening discussion of anti-Zionism as the most recent and most potent vehicle for anti-Semitism. Want something that will make you feel better? Thou Shalt Innovate: How Israeli Ingenuity Repairs the World (Gefen), by Avi Jorisch, celebrates Israeli contributions to technologies that feed, cure, and protect people everywhere. The appearance of this book reminds us of how much we loved Seth M. Siegel's Let There Be Water: Israel's Solution for a Water-Starved World (Thomas Dunne Books, 2015).
Our fall issue explored Kabbalah and Hasidism, so if you are now eager to read more on Jewish mysticism, why not look to the beginning with Apocalypticism and Mysticism in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity (De Gruyter), edited by the Yale husband-wife, Old Testament-New Testament scholar pair John and Adela Yarbro Collins, along with Pieter de Villiers? And if you care to linger in antiquity, Richard Bauckham's edited volume Magdala of Galilee: A Jewish City in the Hellenistic and Roman Period (Baylor) promises an in-depth study of the small fishing village that integrates archeological findings with stories from the Rabbis and Josephus. Reaching back even farther in time, Amy L. Balogh's Moses Among the Idols: Mediators of the Divine in the Ancient Near East (Fortress) provocatively argues that Moses, an intermediary between God and Israel, essentially functioned as a Mesopotamian idol. According to Balogh, that's why he radiated light after a divine encounter.
Admittedly, as soon as we get our hands on Kirsten Fermaglich's A Rosenberg by Any Other Name: A History of Jewish Name Changing in America (NYU), we'll likely flip straight to the index to see what we can learn about our own names. But we'll read on for her argument that many Jews who changed their names were not simply trying to pass as non-Jews and in fact remained active in their Jewish communities.
The publication of Yda Schreuder's Amsterdam's Sephardic Merchants and the Atlantic Sugar Trade in the Seventeenth Century (Palgrave) reminds us of the much-loved (fictional) book about Sephardi merchants in Amsterdam, David Liss's The Coffee Trader (Ballantine, 2003). And speaking of fiction—historical fiction in particular—there's a lot new this month. In chronological order: David Blixt has just finished the third book in a cycle about the Jewish war with Rome. Colossus: Wail of the Fallen (Sordelet Ink) tells the story of the 1st-century destruction of the Second Temple and Jerusalem through the eyes of twin stone mason brothers. Jumping forward to the 16th century, Israeli author Michal Aharoni Regev's Doña Gracia's Gold Pendant (independently published), appearing this month in English translation, offers a fictionalized account of the life of a wealthy Portuguese converso who helped crypto-Jews escape the Inquisition and even tried to purchase the city of Tiberias in order to establish an independent Jewish city-state.
In Rosellen Brown's The Lake on Fire (Sarabande Books), two impoverished 19th-century Jewish immigrants are drawn to Chicago, where they chase the American dream through the Gilded Age. Meanwhile, back in Europe, Natasha Solomons's House of Gold (G. P. Putnam's Sons) follows the story of Greta Goldbaum, a wealthy Austrian heiress whose family is divided by the First World War. Jumping forward two more decades, film director Alejandro Jodorowsky's The Son of Black Thursday (Restless Books) is an autobiographical novel about his childhood in Chile in the 1930s. Kim Dana Kupperman's Six Thousand Miles to Home (Legacy Edition) is based on a true story of a wealthy Jewish family from western Poland who flee eastward only to be captured and deported by Soviets to the prison camps of northern Russia, ultimately making their way to Tehran. Tova Reich brings us a novel about a more familiar Jewish journey: Mother India (Syracuse), a novel about Jews seeking spiritual fulfillment in India (American Jews, not Israelis).
Also worthy of note: Maxim D. Shrayer's Voices of Jewish-Russian Literature: An Anthology is being reissued with a new publisher (Academic Studies Press). Nearly a thousand pages long (which actually seems short given the subject), it offers a selection of works from 80 19th– and 20th-century Jews writing in Russian.
Finally, if you're looking for something to occupy that spot on your shelf next to your book of Shakespearean insults, pick up a copy of Lita Epstein's If You Can't Say Anything Nice, Say It in Yiddish: The Book of Yiddish Insults And Curses (Citadel).
Rachel Scheinerman
Rachel Scheinerman is the web editor for the Jewish Review of Books.
More by Rachel Scheinerman
The Jewish Preview of Books—August 2018
So many books, so little time. A quick look at Jewish books being published this month.
The Jewish Preview of Books—September 2018
A quick look at Jewish books being published this month.
Water Shall Flow from Jerusalem
In Israel even well-to-do families can be seen scooping bath water out of the tub to water backyard plants and hygiene classes teach students to use the least amount of water when showering and brushing their teeth. Israel's way with water may be the way out chronic water shortages.
The Anti-Jewish Problem
Steven T. Katz
In the competition that took place between Judaism and nascent Christianity, only one could be correct. Thus, anti-Judaism became central to the Western tradition.


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Cannabis: how it affects our cognition and psychology – new research
Cannabis has been used by humans for thousands of years and is one of the most popular drugs today. With effects such as feelings of joy and relaxation, it is also legal to prescribe or take in several countries.
But how does using the drug affect the mind? In three recent studies, published in The Journal of Psychopharmacology, Neuropsychopharmacology and the International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, we show that it can influence a number of cognitive and psychological processes.
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime reported that, in 2018, approximately 192 million people worldwide aged between 15 and 64 used cannabis recreationally. Young adults are particularly keen, with 35% of people between the ages of 18 and 25 using it, while only 10% of people over the age of 26 do.
This indicates that the main users are adolescents and young adults, whose brains are still in development. They may therefore be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cannabis use on the brain in the longer term.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis. It acts on the brain's "endocannabinoid system", which are receptors which respond to the chemical components of cannabis. The cannabis receptors are densely populated in prefrontal and limbic areas in the brain, which are involved in reward and motivation. They regulate signalling of the brain chemicals dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate.
We know that dopamine is involved in motivation, reward and learning. GABA and glutamate play a part in cognitive processes, including learning and memory.
Cognitive effects
Cannabis use can affect cognition, especially in those with cannabis-use disorder. This is characterised by the persistent desire to use the drug and disruption to daily activities, such as work or education. It has been estimated that approximately 10% of cannabis users meet the diagnostic criteria for this disorder.
In our research, we tested the cognition of 39 people with the disorder (asked to be clean on the day of testing), and compared it with that of 20 people who never or rarely used cannabis. We showed that participants with the condition had significantly worse performance on memory tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) compared to the controls, who had either never or very rarely used cannabis. It also negatively affected their "executive functions", which are mental processes including flexible thinking.
This effect seemed to be linked to the age at which people started taking the drug – the younger they were, the more impaired their executive functioning was.
Cognitive impairments have been noted in mild cannabis users as well. Such users tend to make riskier decisions than others and have more problems with planning.
Although most studies have been conducted in males, there has been evidence of sex differences in the effects of cannabis use on cognition. We showed that, while male cannabis users had poorer memory for visually recognising things, female users had more problems with attention and executive functions. These sex effects persisted when controlling for age; IQ; alcohol and nicotine use; mood and anxiety symptoms; emotional stability; and impulsive behaviour.
Reward, motivation and mental health
Cannabis use can also affect how we feel – thereby further influencing our thinking. For example, some previous research has suggested that reward and motivation – along with the brain circuits involved in these processes – can be disrupted when we use cannabis. This may affect our performance at school or work as it can make us feel less motivated to work hard, and less rewarded when we do well.
In our recent study, we used a brain imaging task, in which participants were placed in a scanner and viewed orange or blue squares. The orange squares would lead to a monetary reward, after a delay, if the participant made a response. This set up helped us investigate how the brain responds to rewards.
We focused particularly on the ventral striatum, which is a key region in the brain's reward system. We found that the effects on the reward system in the brain were subtle, with no direct effects of cannabis in the ventral striatum. However, the participants in our study were moderate cannabis users. The effects may be more pronounced in cannabis users with more severe and chronic use, as seen in cannabis use disorder.
There is also evidence that cannabis can lead to mental health problems. We have shown that it is related to higher "anhedonia" – an inability to feel pleasure – in adolescents. Interestingly, this effect was particularly pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns.
Cannabis use during adolescence has also been reported as a risk factor for developing psychotic experiences as well as schizophrenia. One study showed that cannabis use moderately increases the risk of psychotic symptoms in young people, but that it has a much stronger effect in those with a predisposition for psychosis (scoring highly on a symptom checklist of paranoid ideas and psychoticism).
Assessing 2,437 adolescents and young adults (14-24 years), the authors reported a six percentage points increased risk – from 15% to 21% – of psychotic symptoms in cannabis users without a predisposition for psychosis. But there was a 26-point increase in risk – from 25% to 51% – of psychotic symptoms in cannabis users with a predisposition for psychosis.
We don't really know why cannabis is linked to psychotic episodes, but hypotheses suggests dopamine and glutamate may be important in the neurobiology of these conditions.
Another study of 780 teenagers suggested that the association between cannabis use and psychotic experiences was also linked to a brain region called the "uncus". This lies within the parahippocampus (involved in memory) and olfactory bulb (involved in processing smells), and has a large amount of cannabinoid receptors. It has also previously been associated with schizophrenia and psychotic experiences.
Cognitive and psychological effects of cannabis use are ultimately likely to depend to some extent on dosage (frequency, duration and strength), sex, genetic vulnerabilities and age of onset. But we need to determine whether these effects are temporary or permanent. One article summarising many studies has suggested that with mild cannabis use, the effects may weaken after periods of abstinence.
But even if that's the case, it is clearly worth considering the effects that prolonged cannabis use can have on our minds – particularly for young people whose brains are still developing.
Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian, Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Cambridge; Christelle Langley, Postdoctoral Research Associate, Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Cambridge; Martine Skumlien, PhD Candidate in Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, and Tianye Jia, Professor of Population Neuroscience, Fudan University
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95 wooded acres (more acreage available) of pristine hardwoods and rolling terrain. Deer and turkey are plentiful. Good choice of building sites with multiple hilltops and ridges. The nearby Two Rivers Mountain Bike Park offers hiking and biking. Also close by is the Mountain Springs Trout Park as well as the James River which is great for floating and fishing. The property is south of Nixa and close to Highlandville; 20 minutes to Springfield and 30 to Branson. Road frontage on Two Rivers Road at the northern boundary. Smaller parcels and/or additional acreage available with Tory Creek water frontage. This listing is for the eastern 95 acres of Christian County parcel id#190522000000002000. Approximate boundaries are shown on map rendering and will be established by a new survey.


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ILO Helpdesk for Business on International Labour Standards
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Women's Empowerment and Business 2022 Trends and Opportunities: Progress Amid Pandemic Challenges Across Regions
This report examines the aggregate results of companies using the Women's Empowerment Principles Gender Gap Analysis Tool with an aim to provide insights on global and regional corporate performance on gender equality and showcase the efforts of partners and other stakeholders to drive women's empowerment around the world. The report concludes that while some progress has been made on advancing gender equality across regions and across issues, there is a need for more accelerated, urgent, impactful action across the board. This report is available in English, French, German, Chinese, Spanish and Portuguese.
Children's Rights and Business Principles
Developed by the United Nations Global Compact, UNICEF and Save the Children – the Children's Rights and Business Principles are the first comprehensive set of principles to guide companies on the full range of actions they can take in the workplace, marketplace and community to respect and support children's rights. While the business and human rights agenda has evolved significantly in recent years, a child rights perspective has not yet been explicitly addressed. (https://childrenandbusiness.org/)
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Target Gender Equality Interviews with Female Leaders
Through the Target Gender Equality Newsletter, stories of action and impact across the globe are shared, featuring Global Compact companies and the individuals that are driving change within their organizations and beyond. Read more about the women moving the needle to advance gender equality in the workplace, marketplace and community. Sign up to future newsletter here.
Target Gender Equality Case Studies
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Achieving the Living Wage Ambition: Reference Sheet and Implementation Guidance
Description: Part of the UN Global Compact SDG Ambition Accelerator Initiative, the Living Wage Ambition is one of ten SDG Ambition Benchmarks aiming at challenging organizations to set more ambitious targets and accelerating integration of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into core business management. This ambition is encouraging companies to provide and promote a living wage as an essential aspect of decent work to ensure all workers, families and communities can live in dignity. The guide "Achieving the Living Wage Ambition: Reference Sheet and Implementation Guidance" provides illustrative details regarding the steps to take to successfully implement a living wage programme in a company's business system which will lead to all employees being provided with wages and benefits that are sufficient to cover at least their basic needs. For more information on the SDG Ambition Accelerator Initiative please visit here.
Women's Empowerment and Business: 2020 Trends and Opportunities
Examines the aggregate results of companies using the Women's Empowerment Principles Gender Gap Analysis Tool with an aim to provide insights on global corporate performance on gender equality and and showcase the efforts of partners and other stakeholders to drive women's empowerment around the world. The report concludes that while corporate support for gender equality is strong, businesses have yet to introduce measurable targets and robust accountability mechanisms to ensure progress.
Gender Equality: How Business Can Accelerate the Pace of Change
Gender equality is both a fundamental human right and a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Yet, at the current rate of progress, it will take over 10 generations to close the economic gender gap. This 30-minute e-learning course will help you understand the role of business in advancing gender equality and the concrete steps that all companies can take to help accelerate the pace of change. By completing this session and related learning materials, you will learn: Why gender equality and women's empowerment is a prerequisite to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. How your company can contribute to the achievement of SDG 5. How to build the business case for gender equality in your company. How the Women's Empowerment Principles and other key frameworks, Tools and resources can support your business. -Concrete steps that your business can take to mainstream gender equality into strategy and operations.
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As a girl I lived in Africa for two years and have felt a very strong desire to go back and help the community that left such a lasting impression on me. I am very fortunate to be involved with Bracelet of Hope, a grassroots organization that engages Canadian communities to the fight against HIV and AIDS in Africa. The work is focused on Lesotho, Africa where almost one in four people is infected by the virus. I am presently the vice chair of Bracelet of Hope and was in Lesotho in the fall of 2014 to meet and learn further about the community we are helping. Bracelet of Hope takes a holistic approach to addressing the pandemic by supporting health, homes and jobs.
Lesotho is a small country with an HIV prevalence rate of 23.8 percent or about one in every four people. We work together with Basotho organizations on the front lines of the fight against HIV and AIDS.
Because so many people have died from AIDS in Lesotho, there are around 200,000 children who have lost one or both of their parents. Normally, family members care for children when their parents cannot but with so many orphans traditional support systems are being stretched.
Bracelet of Hope is working with some very remarkable Basotho leaders who are finding ways to care for AIDS orphans and enable them to stay in their own communities.
We know that there is a close interrelationship between poverty and HIV/AIDS. Our work includes helping those affected to make a living so that they have food, transportation and the necessary medicines to effectively treat the virus.
For the second year in a row, our Business-to-Business group travelled to Lesotho in October to help local business with workshops and mentoring. Our goal is to help connect local Canadian business owners with Lesotho business owners in a mutually rewarding spirit of co-operation.


People- not equipment- make the critical difference. The right people, highly trained and working as a team, will accomplish the mission with the equipment available. On the other hand, the best equipment in the world cannot compensate for a lack in the right people.
A small number of people, carefully selected, well trained, and well led, are preferable to larger number of troops, some of whom may not be up to the task.
3. Special Operations Forces cannot be mass produced.
It takes years to train operational units to the level of proficiency needed to accomplish difficult and specialized SOF missions. Intense training- both in SOF schools and units- is required to integrate competent individuals into fully capable units. This process cannot be hastened without degrading ultimate capability.
Creation of competent, fully mission capable units take time. Employment of fully capable special operations capability on short notice requires highly trained and constantly available SOF units in peacetime.
The operational effectiveness of our deployed forces cannot be, and never has been, achieved without beeing enabled by our joined service partners. The support Air Force, Army and Navy engineers, technicians, intelligence analysts, and the numerous other professions that contribute to SOF, have substantially increased our capabilities and effectiveness troughout the world.