text:
This is the land which you will allot to the tribes of Israel, and these are their portions, declares the sovereign Lord.
"This is the land you are to allot as an inheritance to the tribes of Israel, and these will be their portions," declares the Sovereign LORD.
"This is the land which you shall divide by lot to the tribes of Israel for an inheritance, and these are their several portions," declares the Lord GOD.
These are the allotments that will be set aside for each tribe's inheritance, says the Sovereign LORD.
"This is the land that you are to divide up among the tribes of Israel as their inheritance. These are their portions." Decree of GOD, the Master.
This is the land of which distribution is to be made by the decision of the Lord, among the tribes of Israel for their heritage, and these are their heritages, says the Lord.
This is the land that you shall allot as an inheritance among the tribes of Israel, and these are their portions, says the Lord GOD.
"This is the land which you shall divide by lot as an inheritance among the tribes of Israel, and these are their portions," says the Lord GOD.
This [is] the land
which ye shall divide
by lot unto the tribes
for inheritance
and these [are] their portions
saith
"This
is the land
you shall divide
by lot
to the tribes
for an inheritance
, and these
are their several portions
," declares
ynda
Mtwqlxm
hlaw
larvy
yjbsl
hlxnm
wlypt
Urah
taz (48:29)
D-NSF
T-NSF
N-NSF
R-ASF
baleite
V-FAI-2P
klhrw
N-DSM
taiv
T-DPF
fulaiv
N-DPF
israhl
N-PRI
outoi
D-NPM
T-NPM
diamerismoi
N-NPM
legei
yeov
you will
are their portions
, declares
the sovereign
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 ALL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
TIP #13: Chapter View to explore chapters; Verse View for analyzing verses; Passage View for displaying list of verses. [ALL]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
AN EXCITING TIME TO BE IN SUBMARINES
Admiral C. A. H. Trost, USN
This is a great day for the submarine force. And it provides a fitting and proper occasion to reflect on our splendid past, on the very satisfactory state of affairs in the present, and on the exciting future.
The present is well represented today — just take a look around at these superb ships and the wonderful people who sail an them and command them. Those of you whose memories go back that far, recall that less than 35 years ago, our force was 100 percent diesel electric. Those were tough ships — the best we had at the time — and they could and did operate against the enemy in any environment. But the margins were much finer than today. OUr skippers like Bart Bacon, ( the new COHSUBLANT's rather) had to get in very close to shoot; they had to attack at night or constantly watch their batteries during daylight submerged approaches; for every action there was a trade-off.
But look at where we are today. Like the Navy overall, the submarine force is in great shape. It is operating at a high tempo, with total professionalism and with historically high levels of readiness and capability. Our submarines can go anywhere undetected, and they can stay on station indefinitely. A lot of people share in the credit for today's success. Some of them are standing beside me on this ship, others are visible in their neat ranks all around you, and one man, Vice Admiral Dan Cooper, whom we honor in this ceremony, has played a particularly important role. I'll have more to say about Dan's superb performance in a moment, but for now, think of the total support, the incredible investment in training and material throughout the chain of command that make ships like USS NORFOLK and her sisters such going concerns.
Now that leaves the Future, and what a thrilling era that promises to be. In my 39-plus years or wearing a uniform, I can think of few times when the future has excited so much attention, not only in the submarine force, but throughout the navy. It may be the approach of the next millennium; it may be what is happening in the Soviet Union and the prospect that there will perhaps be fundamental changes in relation-ships among the community of nations; it may be the tremendous explosion of new technology and the anticipation that the navy in general, the submarine force in particular, is going to depart from the present plateaus and begin one or its periodio adventures scaling heretofore unknown heights of capabality. Whatever the reason, "the future" has become almost a finite entity for our ambitions. It seems much closer than the horizon, and there has been a tremendous activity aimed at capturing all of its remarkable potential.
What potential? Well, for submarines, the potential that having become true submersibles, with unparalleled advantages in covertness, mobility, and endurance, they would now turn those advantages into perfect integration with the other capable platrorms or the striking fleet; and that, increasingly undetectable to potential adversaries, they would become increasingly employable, responsive, and capable in support of all the warrighting missions a fleet commander may have to undertake.
Specifically, we see a potential that submarines could apply forward pressure against virtually any aggressor — not just against its submarines and surface ships, but against land or air systems essential to the offensive military operations on which its aggression would depend. Today, we know that the potential of our submarines to undertake expanded missions in strike and anti-air warfare deeply worries the Soviet union. As Marshall Ahkromeyev told us during his visit to the United States last month, the Soviet military consider the NATO navies their number one military threat. They see themselves surrounded by the distributed, offensive firepower of highly capable aircraft carriers and, increasingly, by sea-based cruise missiles. In the 1960s and 1970s, one or the primary elements of their strategy was to attempt to nullify the striking power or our carriers through anti-carrier weapons systems like the CHARLIE-class submarine with the SS-N-7 missile. We have countered that effort through superiority in both area and battle force ASW. And now we have made their problem even harder through development of the TOMAHAWK missile system capability that will go to sea on nearly 200 surface and submarine platforms. That worries them a lot. That really does put them in a defensive frame of mind, no matter in which direction their doctrine goes, that's deterrence working, and it's something we must be careful to protect.
In the future, the prospect that our submarines and surface platforms will be able to undertake new missions, that the battle sphere will be electromagnetically knit together from the seabed to deep space, and that submarines themselves could be used to help reconstitute our satellite space capability in the event of degradation — these things can only increase the uncertainties of potential adversaries and thus enhance our own security.
Now all this will not happen in one magical night, of course. We won't wake up and find ourselves living in an era called "the future." Our advantages will have to be won day by day, step by step, just as they are being won today. The recent highly successful operational demonstration of the MARK-48 advanced capability torpedo, tired from almost directly under my feet on this submarine, is one example. The evolutionary process that took the SSN-688 class and iaproved-688 class as far as it could go, and that then designed the SSN-21 to incorporate capabilities already proven at sea, is another example. The identification of a dedicated research and development submarine to maintain submarine technology on the leading edge will be a third.
All these things don't mean that the problems are solved. A lot more work needs to be done in nitty-gritty areas; areas like produoeability and maintainability, which in turn depend on the technical training and education of our nation's youth; areas like affordability, which depends in part on the right national political will; and areas like operability across the spectrum of hostile environments, to make our platforms superior to anything that can be brought to bear against them; even seemingly mundane areas like electromagnetic engineering need our continued attention it our strength in the future is to be real and not merely perceived.
The threat is also improving. To meet this challenge, our submarines, armed with new sensors and weapons, invested with new mission responsibilities, must nevertheless continue to lead the way in antisubmarine warfare; but as all submarines become quieter, that gets tougher.
Still it is a bright future, a future limited only by imagination and ambition. Regardless of potential, however, the key to success for any naval force is taking what you have today and making it work. And those are two things that the submarine force Atlantic has done superbly. And for that, much of the credit goes to Vice Admiral Dan Cooper.
As COMSUBLANT, Dan Cooper has been both the administrative and the operational commander of 29 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, 54 nuclear attack submarines, one nuclear research submarine, one diesel attack submarine, and 23 supporting surface ships. His responsibilities have included every aspect of those 108 ships from start to finish — from development and execution of a constrained budget; to maintenance support at every level from depot to ship's force to training and tactical innovation; to geostrategic planning in the national, NATO, and bi-and tri- lateral arenas; and finally, to the bottom line, successful employment at sea. He has discharged all responsibilities with absolute professionalism and inspirational command leadership. He has operated his submarines in virtually every ocean environment, from under the Arctic ice to the Drake Passage. In the process he has saved millions of dollars in maintenance and operating costs by doing things more efficiently. He's led the way in proving submarine technology for tomorrow and in the design and development of systems beyond tomorrow. He has inculcated in his command an attitude of being war-ready at all times — the obverse of national political will, and just as indispensable to deterrence. Finally, he's continued to place his emphasis on people, on personnel excellence, on challenging each sailor in his command to do his or her best and become the best. And as we look toward the future, we know that no matter how capable our systems become, good navy people will continue to be the irreducible difference in our greatness.
Dan, yours has been a superb tour in command. Now we need you to bead up all our undersea warfare programs to help make that future a reality. Congratulations to you on outstanding success across the board.
Roger (Bacon), you too have been in the forefront or submarine operations. For nearly two years you have helped to maintain the credibility of our deterrence in that vital region on the southern flank of NATO, at a time when the navy's operational requirements around the globe, and in particular in the Persian Gulf, constrained our ability to operate in other theaters. You did a great job as Commander Submarines Mediterranean, and it is in recognition of your abilities that you now come to this, our most important submarine command. I know it will be an exciting and productive tour for you.


text:
The Afcon Cup and the mighty winners
Algerian team might have won the Afcon Cup, yet it was a disgrace the way they won the game. Many critics went ahead and shared their share of what they saw in the match토토. The Algerian team is quite hard and is capable of winning. But the way it took help from the delaying tactics, feigning injuries and what not was absolutely a disgrace to watch.
An absolute disgrace to the game of football
The fans were left in shock and whoever watched the game, never praised the team for their efforts as it involved many odd instances that should not be there in the game in the first place. However, the team managed to win in the end.
Defeat of Senegal
They have also defeated Senegal in the group stages, so they had great knowledge regarding how to play against Senegal. They came with a full-fledged plan yet failed to showcase the beauty of the sports on the field. They went ahead and showcased a pretty aggressive behavior against the match official also. This step was not a treat to watch.
Always win like true champions
Despite a huge game being played, the Algerian team disappointed its fans big time. There are many sayings that winning alone is not important; the way you win it is more important. So, the Algerian team came across a lot of fire due to their behavior on the field.
Not only the players but also the coach of the Algerian team, Baghdad Bounedjah did not leave any stone unturned in depicting a bad behavior on the field. He screamed at the referee.
Apart from that, there were a number of awful instances such as Amir Bensebaini tripped a Senegal forward.
To everyone, it looked very obvious that he was deliberate in this awful act. Not only this, SofianeFeghouli recovered instantly from the injury. Initially, he portrayed as if he has been dying from the injury but quickly recovered from it, leaving everyone in a surprise once again.
Teams should conduct themselves in the best manner
In this manner, it can be said that the Algerian team is full of excellence. They have got that energy that is needed to win big matches. The Algerian team can easily compete with any big team. However, if the behavior on the field is not favorable, then there is no justification for any win whatsoever.


In the wake of Election 2000 and the Ralph Nader factor, this collection of original essays by leading political scientists examines the possibilities for and performance of minor parties in the American political system. Looking at the rise and fall of the Reform Party and the seeming upsurge in Green Party prospects, the authors present evidence and opinion about the viability of a multiparty system in the United States. New York party politics and congressional and state legislative elections add depth to our understanding of multiparty politics in action. A unique public opinion survey shows surprising variation in citizen's attitudes toward minor parties and multiparty politics nationwide. Will minor parties flourish or flounder in the 2004 election season? This volume offers a variety of views that every voter should consider.


text:
<?php

namespace Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade;

class BladeCustomTest extends AbstractBladeTestCase
{
    public function testCustomPhpCodeIsCorrectlyHandled()
    {
        $this->assertEquals('<?php if($test): ?> <?php @show(\'test\'); ?> <?php endif; ?>', $this->compiler->compileString("@if(\$test) <?php @show('test'); ?> @endif"));
    }

    public function testMixingYieldAndEcho()
    {
        $this->assertEquals('<?php echo $__env->yieldContent(\'title\'); ?> - <?php echo e(Config::get(\'site.title\')); ?>', $this->compiler->compileString("@yield('title') - {{Config::get('site.title')}}"));
    }

    public function testCustomExtensionsAreCompiled()
    {
        $this->compiler->extend(function ($value) {
            return str_replace('foo', 'bar', $value);
        });
        $this->assertEquals('bar', $this->compiler->compileString('foo'));
    }

    public function testCustomStatements()
    {
        $this->assertCount(0, $this->compiler->getCustomDirectives());
        $this->compiler->directive('customControl', function ($expression) {
            return "<?php echo custom_control({$expression}); ?>";
        });
        $this->assertCount(1, $this->compiler->getCustomDirectives());

        $string = '@if($foo)
@customControl(10, $foo, \'bar\')
@endif';
        $expected = '<?php if($foo): ?>
<?php echo custom_control(10, $foo, \'bar\'); ?>
<?php endif; ?>';
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
    }

    public function testCustomShortStatements()
    {
        $this->compiler->directive('customControl', function ($expression) {
            return '<?php echo custom_control(); ?>';
        });

        $string = '@customControl';
        $expected = '<?php echo custom_control(); ?>';
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
    }

    public function testCustomExtensionOverwritesCore()
    {
        $this->compiler->directive('foreach', function ($expression) {
            return '<?php custom(); ?>';
        });

        $string = '@foreach';
        $expected = '<?php custom(); ?>';
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
    }

    public function testCustomConditions()
    {
        $this->compiler->if('custom', function ($user) {
            return true;
        });

        $string = '@custom($user)
@endcustom';
        $expected = '<?php if (\Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade::check(\'custom\', $user)): ?>
<?php endif; ?>';
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
    }

    public function testCustomIfElseConditions()
    {
        $this->compiler->if('custom', function ($anything) {
            return true;
        });

        $string = '@custom($user)
@elsecustom($product)
@else
@endcustom';
        $expected = '<?php if (\Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade::check(\'custom\', $user)): ?>
<?php elseif (\Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade::check(\'custom\', $product)): ?>
<?php else: ?>
<?php endif; ?>';
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
    }

    public function testCustomComponents()
    {
        $this->compiler->component('app.components.alert', 'alert');

        $string = '@alert
@endalert';
        $expected = '<?php $__env->startComponent(\'app.components.alert\'); ?>
<?php echo $__env->renderComponent(); ?>';
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
    }

    public function testCustomComponentsWithSlots()
    {
        $this->compiler->component('app.components.alert', 'alert');

        $string = '@alert([\'type\' => \'danger\'])
@endalert';
        $expected = '<?php $__env->startComponent(\'app.components.alert\', [\'type\' => \'danger\']); ?>
<?php echo $__env->renderComponent(); ?>';
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
    }

    public function testCustomComponentsDefaultAlias()
    {
        $this->compiler->component('app.components.alert');

        $string = '@alert
@endalert';
        $expected = '<?php $__env->startComponent(\'app.components.alert\'); ?>
<?php echo $__env->renderComponent(); ?>';
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What if ... Juliet and Romeo were still alive?
JULIET & Romeo is a humorous and heartfelt investigation into love, loss and longevity by Lost Dog dance theatre company.
What if…the star crossed lovers had not died, but are married and it's not going so well? It turns out Romeo & Juliet didn't die in a tragic misunderstanding, they grew up and lived happily ever after.
Well they lived at least and you can see how it all pans out at Cardigan's Small World Theatre on Saturday, February 9 (8pm).
Now they're 40ish and at least one of them is in the grips of a mid-life crisis. They feel constantly mocked by their teenage selves and haunted by the pressures of being the poster couple for romantic love.
Their therapist told them it was a terrible idea! With award-winning Lost Dog's blend of dance, theatre and comedy, this duet takes on our cultural obsession with youth, and our inevitable issues with longevity.
Artistic director Ben Duke says: "When I watch Romeo and Juliet I am always hoping that their timings will be a little different and Juliet will wake up a few moments earlier. I know she never will but I can't help hoping for it.
"The idea for this piece came from allowing myself to imagine that alternate version.
"It's a piece that allows people to consider the nature of their own relationships, something we could all do with reflecting on. We're touring to theatres and traditionally non-theatre venues in the first six months of this year – something we did last year.
"I've allowed myself to imagine an alternate version to Shakespeare's original: in this work Juliet and Romeo have been together for about 25 years and they are in something of a marital crisis. They love each other but sometimes they wish the other one were dead…the bloom of teenage romance has definitely faded but it still haunts them.
Age recommendation is 13 and tickets are available at smallworld.org.uk. Booking in advance is recommended.


Keeping you healthy is our job.
We're dedicated to helping our patients live an active, healthy life. Our primary care team works together to coordinate your care in a supportive environment, giving you everything you need to be strong and well.
He was very thorough and explained things well.
When our office is closed, a doctor or nurse practitioner is on call 24-hours a day at (603) 595-0063 to answer questions that can't wait until regular business hours.


Makeup lovers may have National Lipstick Day in July, but we skin-care devotees have an arguably brighter holiday to celebrate every April 4 (ahem, today): Vitamin C Day! We can thank SkinCeuticals, the company behind the much-loved C E Ferulic serum, for making Vitamin C Day a reality. The science-backed brand is so committed to spreading the gospel about why it's important to incorporate the antioxidant into your daily skin-care routine that it actually owns the holiday.
In honor of Vitamin C Day, SkinCeuticals challenged its fans to conduct an experiment using C E Ferulic and an apple to show how the serum can reduce visible signs of atmospheric aging. The brand first posted its own video of the challenge on YouTube, and it's a must-see.
In the video, you'll notice how the apple starts to oxidize when it's exposed to atmospheric aggressors. The apple, which is meant to represent your skin, starts to brown when it's exposed to the environment. However, when the apple is treated with just a drop of C E Ferulic prior to exposure, it showed little to no signs of color change, whereas, the portion of the apple that wasn't treated looked brown and splotchy.
We were so astonished by the visual that we eagerly accepted the challenge and ran out to pick up an apple and try the experiment ourselves. Our results, which you can see on Skincare.com's Instagram, were equally as impressive. Even after 24 hours, the side of our apple that had been treated with C E Ferulic remained white and fresh-looking, while the one that had been left untouched was withered and brown. It was more than enough to convince us to use a vitamin C serum today and every day.


This week has seen a selection of new slots released by Yggdrasil Gaming, NetEnt, Lightning Box Games and Betsoft Gaming, as well as platform integrations for Booming Games and AMANET, and a new social casino for MGM Resorts-owned Borgata in New Jersey.
Swedish casino games developer NetEnt has released its latest slot Copy Cats.
The 5-reel, 3-row, 25-line (fixed) video slot features a group of city cats roaming the streets during the day and being chased down dark alleys by spotlight at night.
The game features Free Spins, Bonus symbols, Wild substitutions, Stacked symbols, Stacked Wilds and a Copy Cats feature.
"The release of Copy Cats purr-fectly demonstrates the versatility and breadth of appeal offered by the NetEnt games portfolio," said chief product officer Simon Hammon.
Cherry's game development subsidiary Yggdrasil Gaming is taking players to the beach with its latest slot Sunny Shores.
Utilising Yggdrasil's HTML5 client framework iSENSE 2.0, the 5x5 slot is set in a tropical paradise where players have the chance to scoop big wins. It offers multiple opportunities to boost winnings, including common wilds and re-spins.
"Sunny Shores is sure to treat players to a pleasurable gaming experience, as they are transported to a slots paradise with huge wins on offer," said Jonas Strandman, Yggdrasil Gaming's head of gaming. "This game is perfect to play on mobile from the comfort of your hammock.
3D slots developer Betsoft Gaming has announced the latest addition to its Slots3 collection with the launch of The Angler.
The 5 reel, 20 payline 3D video slot is centered around Otis, the burly titular character who is ever in search of a legendary catch. The Oyster Pearl Scatter feature allows for a generous amount of free spins, and more free spins can be gained during the free spins round.
A frequently occurring Octopus Sticky Wild can substitute for any icon in the game except for the Oyster Pearl scatter and the bonus round icon. The Octopus sticks to the reel, persisting throughout the free spins round for more chances to win. Players will be able to join Otis on the lake as he trawls for enormous fish in the bonus round, helping him to catch (or miss) up to three fish.
"The Angler is a fresh, new adventure for the iGaming community," said Stephen Jackman, Betsoft's head of product development. "The theme is well-designed, evoking a sense of cool waters and the endless opportunities lurking just below the wind-rippled surface.
"With the Oyster Pearl Scatter feature offering plentiful free spins and a sticky wild that persists through the free spins round, The Angler will have you reeling in the wins in record time."
Sydney-based slots developer Lightning Box Games has launched a new game based on a Kung Fu fighting panda.
Panda Pow is a 3x5 reel, 25-line slot which features a unique wild symbol that triggers a free games bonus when any five or more are hit. Extra stacks of wild gold pandas are added to the reels in the free games mode, providing an opportunity for wins over multiple lines.
Players can win between five and 20 free games, depending on the number of wild bonus triggers.
A deluxe version of the game has also been released exclusively for William Hill's retail estate, which has been modified to become a 10-line slot to suit the needs of players at the bookmaker's 2,300 plus network of Licensed Betting Offices (LBOs).
The bespoke slot for William Hill follows the successful rollout of Lightning Box's popular Silver Lion slot game with the bookmaker.
"Panda Pow Deluxe has a quirky Kung Fu fighting panda ready to do battle for you," said Lightning Box Games' managing director and co-founder Peter Causley. "Our friends at Betdigital have added an exciting B2 game into this model which we are all stoked about.
Casino aggregation platform Iforium has signed a new deal with Isle of Man-based games developer Booming Games.
The supplier's games including Cherry Bomb Deluxe, Wild Jester and Cold Cash will be added to Iforium's Gameflex platform, which now features more than 5,000 casino games.
"I am delighted to welcome Booming Games as the newest member of our Gameflex aggregation family," said Phil Parry, CEO of Iforium. "I am looking forward to distributing Booming Games' content to our operators across international markets in the near future."
"Iforium's Gameflex platform has an impeccable track record when it comes to providing gaming to the emerging and regulated markets," added Frederik Niehusen, head of business development at Booming Games. "We look forward to working with such accomplished experts in the iGaming industry, expanding our reach and making our games available to their extensive and dedicated customer base."
Malta-licensed operator Videoslots has agreed a deal to integrate a selection of online slot games from AMANET, the iGaming arm of Austrian slot provider AMATIC Industries.
The agreement will see a number of the supplier's most successful land-based casino games redeployed for the online market.
Daniel Hansen, head of games at Videoslots.com, added: "By going live with AMANET games, we have made further strides in establishing ourselves as a casino capable of offering players the best range of slots in the industry.
Atlantic City's Borgata Hotel Casino and Spa has launched a new GAN-powered social casino for its players.
BorgataFreeCasino.com currently features more than 100 slots, blackjack, roulette, video poker, bingo and keno games.
Players can earn points online by purchasing credits and redeeming them for tangible rewards from an exclusive collection of Borgata items including room rates, complimentary accommodations, and comp dollars.
"Borgata is thrilled to offer our customers an innovative simulated gaming service with the introduction of BorgataFreeCasino.com," said Steve Nathan, vice president of online gaming for Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa.
"The ability to experience some of the exceptional slots and table games featured here on property from your computer, tablet, or phone for free with the future prospect of integrating with Borgata's loyalty program is another extraordinary incentive for our players."


Washington, DC (September 20, 2007)- As a tree farmer and honorary co-chair of NeighborWoods Indianapolis, Senator Richard Lugar understands that trees play a major role in creating healthy and sustainable communities. Trees sequester carbon, clean the air, contribute to efficient stormwater management, and deliver energy savings and higher property values. Moreover, research demonstrates a clear correlation between tree cover and income; the lower the income, the less tree cover. It is these neighborhoods that may have the most to gain by planting trees.
As co-chair of NeighborWoods Indianapolis, the Senator helps to promote awareness of the need and benefit of trees, as well as support for the tree program. NeighborWoods, a bold initiative to plant 100,000 trees over 10 years, was developed with the aim of increasing the tree canopy in Indianapolis while increasing the number of people invested in their neighborhoods.
Indianapolis has lost nearly 25% of its trees in the past few decades. A central Indiana land use model forecasts that between 2000 and 2040, 1,167 square miles of land in central Indiana will be urbanized, more than double the amount of land urbanized from settlement to 2000. The Indianapolis Star highlighted significant problems in our air quality, including the 8th worst U.S. urban area for airborne particulate matter. Combined sewers are a challenge to our local streams as is stormwater runoff.
Senator Lugar also understands that creating healthy and sustainable communities is not a partisan issue. Joining him as co-chair of NeighborWoods Indianapolis is Mayor Bart Peterson, a Democrat. And Senators Lugar and Bayh came together recently to pass an Interior Appropriations bill. It is uncertain when the bill will be considered by the full Senate. Congresswoman Julia Carson (D-7th) also requested similar funding in the House of Representatives.
KIB was founded in 1976 to combat the city's litter problems. In addition to ongoing litter abatement programs, KIB works at the grassroots level with a diversity of people and neighborhoods on community improvement projects including environmental education for the public and for schools, voluntary recycling programs, litter abatement, revitalization and beautification, developing pocket parks and greenspace, and tree planting. Annually, KIB motivates 30,000 volunteers on nearly 500 community improvement projects.


text:
Religieus rechts, ook bekend als christelijk rechts, is een term die gebruikt wordt om een groep rechts georiënteerde christenen, individuen en groepen, voornamelijk actief in de Verenigde Staten en Canada, te beschrijven. Zij kenmerken zich door hun conservatisme en hun activisme op zowel politiek als sociaal gebied. De beweging bevat leden uit verscheidene christelijke stromingen.

Ongeveer vijftien procent van de Amerikaanse bevolking identificeert zich met religieus rechts en haar standpunten. Daarmee hebben zij getalsmatig een belangrijke invloed, met name binnen de Republikeinse Partij.

Invloed religieus rechts
Er zijn verschillende ontwikkelingen waarom de laatste decennia de omvang en invloed van christelijk rechts fors toenam.

De positie van de kerk als - en in - de gemeenschap – De centrale plaats die de kerk inneemt in veel Amerikaanse gemeenschappen. Door de sociale rol die de kerk vervult - zij komt tegemoet aan het gevoel ergens bij te willen horen - bestaan veel Amerikaanse kerken uit christenen die erg betrokken zijn, en daardoor ook politiek makkelijk te mobiliseren.

Vervreemding van de Democratische Partij – Tot de jaren zestig kon de Democratische Partij rekenen op veel steun in het Amerikaanse Zuiden. De steun die veel Democraten gaven aan de strijd van de Afro-Amerikaanse bevolking – bezegeld met de Civil Rights Act in 1964 – zorgde ervoor dat ze veel van de christelijke aanhang in het zuiden van zich deed vervreemden. Vooral de presidentscampagne van Barry Goldwater trok veel van de zuidelijke elite naar de Republikeinse Partij.

Het vermogen om te organiseren – Verschillende uitspraken van het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof en de strijd tegen of juist voor abortus, pornografie, het schoolgebed, de teksten in schoolboeken (evolutie versus schepping) en seksueel onderwijs op scholen, zorgde ervoor dat christenen zich politiek zijn gaan mobiliseren. Door de oprichting van verschillende denktanks zoals de American Enterprise Institute en verschillende media, zoals de Wall Street Journal en nieuwsnetwerk FOX, heeft zij haar invloed vergroot.

De electorale factor – Religieus rechts vormt getalsmatig een belangrijke factor bij verkiezingen. Ook is zij door de hechte organisatievormen snel en makkelijk te mobiliseren om campagne te voeren voor kandidaten die zij steunen. Vanwege hun idealen zijn zij sterk gemotiveerd en hoeven geen betaling te ontvangen voor hun diensten.

Politieke leiders en instituten – Van religieus rechts maken een aantal organisaties deel uit die een grote invloed hebben binnen de Amerikaanse maatschappij. Deze dragen conservatieve standpunten uit, gecombineerd met een evangelicale en/of fundamentalistische leer. De bekendste leiders en hun organisaties zijn: James Dobsons' Focus on the Family, Jerry Falwells' Moral Majority, Robert Grants' Christian Voice en Pat Robertsons' Christian Broadcasting Network.

Tijdlijn
Een tijdlijn van de belangrijkste gebeurtenissen die betrekking hebben op christelijk rechts:

1963-1964 – De presidentscampagne van Barry Goldwater krijgt veel aandacht en steun van conservatieve leiders. Prominente Democraten als Jesse Helms en Strom Thurmond liepen over naar de Republikeinse Partij.
1964 – Veel zuidelijke Democraten verlaten in 1964 de partij vanwege de steun die zij geeft aan de Civil Rights Act.
1974 – Het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof oordeelt in de zaak Bob Jones University v. Verenigde Staten dat instituten, waaronder kerken, die vrijgesteld zijn van het betalen van belastingen, deze vrijstelling kunnen verliezen wanneer zij ingaan tegen het algemene beleid van de overheid. In deze zaak ging het over de opheffing van een verbod op studenten die een partner van een ander ras hebben.
1979 – Jerry Falwell richt de Moral Majority op. Door veel historici wordt dit gezien als het begin van religieus rechts.
1980 – Onder leiding van John Giminiez, Pat Robertson, Bill Bright en Jerry Falwell houden tal van evangelicale christenen een mars door Washington onder de naam Washington for Jesus. Daarmee steunen zij de presidentskandidatuur van Ronald Reagan. Het evenement geeft de leiders van christelijk rechts een breed platform om veel van hun standpunten uit te dragen.
1981 – Ronald Reagan wordt gekozen als president en voor het eerst sinds 1952 hebben de Republikeinen een meerderheid in de Senaat.
1987 – Pat Robertson richt de Christian Coalition op. Deze organisatie groeit uit tot de belangrijkste spreekbuis van christelijk rechts.
1992 – De Christian Coalition komt bij de verkiezingen van 1992 met een stemgids waarbij zij stemadviezen geeft voor kandidaten voor een groot aantal functies. Deze verspreidt zij in veel conservatieve christelijke kerken.
2000 – President George W. Bush wordt gekozen, mede dankzij de grote steun van veel conservatieve, christelijke kiezers.

Standpunten
Binnen christelijk rechts wordt er – uitzondering daargelaten – vrij consistent over veel politieke onderwerpen gedacht. Deze staan hieronder – in hoofdlijnen – vermeld. Op punten wijken sommige evangelische leiders hiervan af.

Economie
Religieus rechts is wel tegenstander van veel linksgeoriënteerde ideologieën zoals het socialisme en de welvaartsstaat. Sommigen zien het communisme als een bedreiging voor de joods-christelijke traditie. Zij steunen in het algemeen belastingverlagingen en zijn tegen (fors) ingrijpen van de overheid in de markt.

Onderwijs
Steun voor het schoolgebed
Steun voor thuisonderwijs of onderwijs op privéscholen. In 2003 kreeg 2,3 procent van de Amerikaanse kinderen thuis les. Veel christelijke ouders gaan hiertoe over om hun kinderen te beschermen tegen de (seculiere) invloeden op de school.
Steun voor het geven van schoolvouchers. Dit zou een alternatief zijn voor (christelijke) ouders die een privéschool niet kunnen betalen. De voucher zou door de overheid bekostigd worden en kunnen worden besteed op een (religieus) onderwijsinstituut naar keuze. Op dit moment worden in de Verenigde Staten alleen openbare scholen door de overheid bekostigd.
Steun aan het geven van les in het creationisme en intelligent design naast de evolutietheorie.
Met betrekking tot seksuele voorlichting op scholen zijn er diverse gezichtspunten binnen de beweging. Deze variëren van het niet geven van voorlichting tot het oproepen tot onthouding tot het huwelijk. Voorbehoedsmethoden worden meestal alleen genoemd als middelen die niet zouden werken.

Midden-Oosten
Veel Amerikaanse christenen zijn aanhangers van een of andere vorm van zogenaamde Israëltheologie en zien het ontstaan van de staat Israël als een bovennatuurlijk teken van de Tweede Komst van Christus. In het Israëlisch-Arabisch conflict steunen veel van deze christenen Israël. Ook staan zij daarom positief ten opzichte van de nederzettingenpolitiek van de Israëlische overheid in met name wat zij meestal aanduiden als Judea en Samaria.

Rol van de overheid in de maatschappij
Zien voor de overheid een belangrijke rol weggelegd als opvoeder in deugdelijkheid.
Zijn tegen het geven van fondsen aan wetenschappen die het recht op leven zouden schenden, zoals bijvoorbeeld het onderzoek naar stamcellen.
Staan wantrouwend ten opzichte van het rechterlijke systeem. Belangrijkste reden hiervoor zijn een aantal beslissingen door het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof, bijvoorbeeld in de zaak Roe v. Wade die nadelig uitvielen voor religieus rechts.

Scheiding kerk en staat
 Veel mensen binnen christelijk rechts geloven niet dat de Scheiding tussen kerk en staat expliciet is benoemd in de Amerikaanse grondwet, maar eerder een uitvinding is van liberale rechters. Dit betekent dat er op het publieke terrein geen religieuze standpunten, zoals de Tien geboden, mogen worden tentoongesteld.
Steun voor de aanwezigheid van religie in het publieke domein. Vaak onderbouwt met de opmerking dat de Verenigde Staten gesticht werden 'door christenen als een christelijke natie'.
Christelijk rechts is voor het steunen van religieuze sociale instellingen, zogenaamde faith-based initiatieven. Ook proberen zij het aantal restricties dat verbonden is aan zulke steun tot een minimum beperkt te houden. Deze restricties, zoals bijvoorbeeld het moeten accepteren van homoseksuelen als vrijwilligers, zijn voor sommige groepen reden om financiële steun van de overheid niet te accepteren.

Menselijk leven
Christelijk rechts gelooft dat het leven begint bij de bevruchting, en daarom is abortus moord.
Over het algemeen tegen euthanasie, hoewel hier bij sommigen genuanceerder over wordt gedacht.
Tegen elke vorm van biotechnologie, zoals het klonen van mensen en stamcelonderzoek, waarbij menselijke embryo's worden gebruikt.

Racisme
Sinds 1964 heeft er een verschuiving plaatsgevonden binnen religieus rechts ten opzichte van de andere rassen, met name de Afro-Amerikaanse bevolking. Sommige evangelicalen, zoals Jerry Falwell, zijn met zoveel woorden teruggekomen op hun eerdere steun van segregatie. Openlijke discriminatie komt in de hoofdstroom van de beweging nauwelijks (openlijk) meer voor of - indien het wel voorkomt - wordt sterk veroordeeld. Wel wijzen onderzoeken uit dat er onder leden van de beweging nog steeds sprake is van veel vooroordelen en een latente angst ten opzichte van de Afro-Amerikaanse bevolking.

Andere standpunten
Andere standpunten zijn:
 Tegen het homohuwelijk en homoseksualiteit in het algemeen.
 Tegen (de verspreiding van) pornografie
 Tegen seks voor het huwelijk
 Tegen geboortebeperking, hoewel er ook groepen zijn die wel steun geven aan bepaalde vormen hiervan.
 In het algemeen steunt christelijk rechts de doodstraf.

Kritiek
Vanuit verschillende kanten is er (soms felle) kritiek uitgeoefend op christelijk rechts.

Veel (progressieve) christenen verwijten christelijk rechts dat zij te eenzijdig de nadruk op slechts een kant van het evangelie leggen. De belangrijkste punten lijken abortus, blasfemie en het homohuwelijk, maar Jezus heeft meer gezegd over het opkomen voor armen, en zorgen voor weduwen en wezen. Deze benadering staat beter bekend onder de naam het Sociale Evangelie. Een deel van christelijk rechts lijkt zich door deze kritiek aangesproken te voelen. De beweging probeert zich dan ook op meer thema's te profileren.
Verschillende critici, zoals Sara Diamond en Frederick Clarkson, hebben beweerd dat achter de activiteiten van christelijk rechts een politieke agenda schuilgaat die uitgaat van de zogeheten Heerschappijtheologie. Dit is een term die door sommige sociale wetenschappers en journalisten wordt gebruikt om een theologisch geïnspireerde politieke ideologie te beschrijven. De ideologie gaat uit van de stelling dat de gehele wereld geregeerd moet worden volgens de Bijbel en dat christenen daarom actief deel moeten nemen aan de politiek. Christelijk rechts ontkent deze beschuldigingen.
 De Britse auteur Stephen Sizer belicht kritisch de historische, politieke en theologische context van het christenzionisme in zijn boek Christian Zionism, Road-map to Armageddon. Hij beschrijft de 19e-eeuwse wortels van het christenzionisme, de politieke doorbraak ervan na de Zesdaagse Oorlog binnen de Amerikaanse politiek, alsmede de politieke implicaties en invloed van deze evangelicale stroming in Amerika en voor de Amerikaans-Israëlische betrekkingen. Hij ziet deze invloed als een van de belangrijkste obstakels voor effectieve Amerikaanse druk op Israël om te komen tot vrede in het Midden-Oosten.

Literatuur
 Stephen Sizer, Christian Zionism. Road-map to Armageddon? Foreword by David Peterson, Inter-Versity Press, Nottingham/England, 2004

Amerikaanse politieke beweging
Republikeinse Partij (Verenigde Staten)

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