text:
from neutron.plugins.ml2 import driver_api
from oslo_log import log as logging
from netmiko import ConnectHandler
from oslo_config import cfg

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def _get_config ():

       CONF = cfg.CONF

       multi_parser = cfg.MultiConfigParser()
       read_ok = multi_parser.read(CONF.config_file)

       return multi_parser.parsed

class GenericSwitch (object):

    def __init__ (self, device_id):

       self.cmd_set = {}
       self.conn_info = {}

       self.conn_info = self._get_config_for_device(device_id)

       if self.conn_info['device_type'] == 'cisco_ios':
           self.cmd_set = {
               'add_network': ['vlan {segmentation_id}', 'name {network_id}'],
               'plug_port_to_network' : ['interface {port}', 'switchport access vlan {segmentation_id}']
           }
       elif self.conn_info['device_type'] == 'arista':
           self.cmd_set = {
           }
       else:
           print "Unsupported vendor type"

    def _get_config_for_device(self, device_id):

       device = 'genericswitch:%s' % device_id
       device_cfg = {}

       for parsed_file in _get_config():
           for parsed_item in parsed_file.keys():
               if parsed_item == device:
                   device_cfg = {k:v[0] for k, v in parsed_file[device].items()}

       return device_cfg

    def _get_connection (self):
        """Establish ssh connection to switch
        :return  netmiko connection
        """
        net_connect = ConnectHandler(**self.conn_info)
        return net_connect

    def _exec_cmd_set (self,cmd_set):

       net_connect = self._get_connection ()
       net_connect.enable()
       net_connect.config_mode()
       output = net_connect.send_config_set(cmd_set)
       net_connect.disconnect()

       return output

    def check_if_network_exist (self, net_connect, segmentation_id):
        pass

    def _add_network (self, segmentation_id, network_id):
        """Add network (vlan) on the switch
        :param net_connect : netmiko connection,
        :param segmentation_id : vlan id
        :parram network_id : neutron network id (vlan name)
        """
        cmd_set = self.cmd_set['add_network']
        tmp_cmd_set = []

        for cmd in cmd_set:
            cmd = cmd.format(segmentation_id=segmentation_id,
                       network_id=network_id)
            tmp_cmd_set.append(cmd)

        cmd_set = tmp_cmd_set

        return cmd_set

    def _plug_port_to_network (self, port, segmentation_id):
        """Add port to network
        :param net_connect : netmiko connection,
        :param port : name of interface on the switch
        :parram segmentation_id : vlan id
        """

        cmd_set = self.cmd_set['plug_port_to_network']
        tmp_cmd_set = []

        for cmd in cmd_set:
            cmd = cmd.format(segmentation_id=segmentation_id,
                       port=port)
            tmp_cmd_set.append(cmd)

        cmd_set = tmp_cmd_set

        return cmd_set

    def add_network (self, segmentation_id, network_id):
        cmd_set = self._add_network (segmentation_id=segmentation_id,
                      network_id=network_id)

        self._exec_cmd_set(cmd_set)

    def plug_port_to_network (self, port, segmentation_id):
        cmd_set = self._plug_port_to_network (port=port,
                      segmentation_id=segmentation_id)

        self._exec_cmd_set(cmd_set)

class GenericSwitchDriver(driver_api.MechanismDriver):

    def _get_device_list(self):

       device_tag = 'genericswitch'
       device_list = []

       for parsed_file in _get_config():
           for parsed_item in parsed_file.keys():
               if device_tag in parsed_item:
                   dev_tag, sep, dev_id = parsed_item.partition(':')
                   device_list.append(dev_id)

       return device_list

    def initialize(self):
        """Perform driver initialization.

        Called after all drivers have been loaded and the database has
        been initialized. No abstract methods defined below will be
        called prior to this method being called.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech initialize")
        pass

    def create_network_precommit(self, context):
        """Allocate resources for a new network.

        :param context: NetworkContext instance describing the new
        network.

        Create a new network, allocating resources as necessary in the
        database. Called inside transaction context on session. Call
        cannot block.  Raising an exception will result in a rollback
        of the current transaction.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech create_network_precommit")
        pass

    def create_network_postcommit(self, context):
        """Create a network.

        :param context: NetworkContext instance describing the new
        network.

        Called after the transaction commits. Call can block, though
        will block the entire process so care should be taken to not
        drastically affect performance. Raising an exception will
        cause the deletion of the resource.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech create_network_postcommit")

        network = context.current
        network_id = network['id']
        provider_type = network['provider:network_type']
        segmentation_id = network['provider:segmentation_id']

        if provider_type == 'vlan' and segmentation_id:

           # Create vlan on all switches from this driver
           for device in self._get_device_list():
               switch = GenericSwitch(device_id=device)
               switch.add_network(segmentation_id=segmentation_id,network_id=network_id)

        pass

    def update_network_precommit(self, context):
        """Update resources of a network.

        :param context: NetworkContext instance describing the new
        state of the network, as well as the original state prior
        to the update_network call.

        Update values of a network, updating the associated resources
        in the database. Called inside transaction context on session.
        Raising an exception will result in rollback of the
        transaction.

        update_network_precommit is called for all changes to the
        network state. It is up to the mechanism driver to ignore
        state or state changes that it does not know or care about.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech update_network_precommit")
        pass

    def update_network_postcommit(self, context):
        """Update a network.

        :param context: NetworkContext instance describing the new
        state of the network, as well as the original state prior
        to the update_network call.

        Called after the transaction commits. Call can block, though
        will block the entire process so care should be taken to not
        drastically affect performance. Raising an exception will
        cause the deletion of the resource.

        update_network_postcommit is called for all changes to the
        network state.  It is up to the mechanism driver to ignore
        state or state changes that it does not know or care about.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech update_network_postcommit")
        pass

    def delete_network_precommit(self, context):
        """Delete resources for a network.

        :param context: NetworkContext instance describing the current
        state of the network, prior to the call to delete it.

        Delete network resources previously allocated by this
        mechanism driver for a network. Called inside transaction
        context on session. Runtime errors are not expected, but
        raising an exception will result in rollback of the
        transaction.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech delete_network_precommit")
        pass

    def delete_network_postcommit(self, context):
        """Delete a network.

        :param context: NetworkContext instance describing the current
        state of the network, prior to the call to delete it.

  ml       Called after the transaction commits. Call can block, though
        will block the entire process so care should be taken to not
        drastically affect performance. Runtime errors are not
        expected, and will not prevent the resource from being
        deleted.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech delete_network_postcommit")
        pass

    def create_subnet_precommit(self, context):
        """Allocate resources for a new subnet.

        :param context: SubnetContext instance describing the new
        subnet.
        rt = context.current
        device_id = port['device_id']
        device_owner = port['device_owner']
        Create a new subnet, allocating resources as necessary in the
        database. Called inside transaction context on session. Call
        cannot block.  Raising an exception will result in a rollback
        of the current transaction.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech create_subnet_precommit")
        pass

    def create_subnet_postcommit(self, context):
        """Create a subnet.

        :param context: SubnetContext instance describing the new
        subnet.

        Called after the transaction commits. Call can block, though
        will block the entire process so care should be taken to not
        drastically affect performance. Raising an exception will
        cause the deletion of the resource.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech create_subnet_postcommit")
        pass

    def update_subnet_precommit(self, context):
        """Update resources of a subnet.

        :param context: SubnetContext instance describing the new
        state of the subnet, as well as the original state prior
        to the update_subnet call.

        Update values of a subnet, updating the associated resources
        in the database. Called inside transaction context on session.
        Raising an exception will result in rollback of the
        transaction.

        update_subnet_precommit is called for all changes to the
        subnet state. It is up to the mechanism driver to ignore
        state or state changes that it does not know or care about.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech update_subnet_precommit")
        pass

    def update_subnet_postcommit(self, context):
        """Update a subnet.

        :param context: SubnetContext instance describing the new
        state of the subnet, as well as the original state prior
        to the update_subnet call.

        Called after the transaction commits. Call can block, though
        will block the entire process so care should be taken to not
        drastically affect performance. Raising an exception will
        cause the deletion of the resource.

        update_subnet_postcommit is called for all changes to the
        subnet state.  It is up to the mechanism driver to ignore
        state or state changes that it does not know or care about.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech update_subnet_postcommit")
        pass

    def delete_subnet_precommit(self, context):
        """Delete resources for a subnet.

        :param context: SubnetContext instance describing the current
        state of the subnet, prior to the call to delete it.

        Delete subnet resources previously allocated by this
        mechanism driver for a subnet. Called inside transaction
        context on session. Runtime errors are not expected, but
        raising an exception will result in rollback of the
        transaction.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech delete_subnet_precommit")
        pass

    def delete_subnet_postcommit(self, context):
        """Delete a subnet.

        :param context: SubnetContext instance describing the current
        state of the subnet, prior to the call to delete it.

        Called after the transaction commits. Call can block, though
        will block the entire process so care should be taken to not
        drastically affect performance. Runtime errors are not
        expected, and will not prevent the resource from being
        deleted.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech delete_subnet_postcommit")
        pass

    def create_port_precommit(self, context):
        """Allocate resources for a new port.

        :param context: PortContext instance describing the port.

        Create a new port, allocating resources as necessary in the
        database. Called inside transaction context on session. Call
        cannot block.  Raising an exception will result in a rollback
        of the current transaction.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech create_port_precommit")
        pass

    def create_port_postcommit(self, context):
        """Create a port.

        :param context: PortContext instance describing the port.

        Called after the transaction completes. Call can block, though
        will block the entire process so care should be taken to not
        drastically affect performance.  Raising an exception will
        result in the deletion of the resource.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech create_port_postcommit")
        pass

    def update_port_precommit(self, context):
        """Update resources of a port.

        :param context: PortContext instance describing the new
        state of the port, as well as the original state prior
        to the update_port call.

        Called inside transaction context on session to complete a
        port update as defined by this mechanism driver. Raising an
        exception will result in rollback of the transaction.

        update_port_precommit is called for all changes to the port
        state. It is up to the mechanism driver to ignore state or
        state changes that it does not know or care about.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech update_port_precommit")
        pass

    def update_port_postcommit(self, context):
        """Update a port.

        :param context: PortContext instance describing the new
        state of the port, as well as the original state prior
        to the update_port call.

        Called after the transaction completes. Call can block, though
        will block the entire process so care should be taken to not
        drastically affect performance.  Raising an exception will
        result in the deletion of the resource.

        update_port_postcommit is called for all changes to the port
        state. It is up to the mechanism driver to ignore state or
        state changes that it does not know or care about.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech update_port_postcommit")
        pass

    def delete_port_precommit(self, context):
        """Delete resources of a port.

        :param context: PortContext instance describing the current
        state of the port, prior to the call to delete it.

        Called inside transaction context on session. Runtime errors
        are not expected, but raising an exception will result in
        rollback of the transaction.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech delete_port_precommit")
        pass

    def delete_port_postcommit(self, context):
        """Delete a port.

        :param context: PortContext instance describing the current
        state of the port, prior to the call to delete it.

        Called after the transaction completes. Call can block, though
        will block the entire process so care should be taken to not
        drastically affect performance.  Runtime errors are not
        expected, and will not prevent the resource from being
        deleted.
        """
        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech delete_port_postcommit")
        pass

    def bind_port(self, context):
        """Attempt to bind a port.

        :param context: PortContext instance describing the port

        This method is called outside any transaction to attempt to
        establish a port binding using this mechanism driver. Bindings
        may be created at each of multiple levels of a hierarchical
        network, and are established from the top level downward. At
        each level, the mechanism driver determines whether it can
        bind to any of the network segments in the
        context.segments_to_bind property, based on the value of the
        context.host property, any relevant port or network
        attributes, and its own knowledge of the network topology. At
        the top level, context.segments_to_bind contains the static
        segments of the port's network. At each lower level of
        binding, it contains static or dynamic segments supplied by
        the driver that bound at the level above. If the driver is
        able to complete the binding of the port to any segment in
        context.segments_to_bind, it must call context.set_binding
        with the binding details. If it can partially bind the port,
        it must call context.continue_binding with the network
        segments to be used to bind at the next lower level.

        If the binding results are committed after bind_port returns,
        they will be seen by all mechanism drivers as
        update_port_precommit and update_port_postcommit calls. But if
        some other thread or process concurrently binds or updates the
        port, these binding results will not be committed, and
        update_port_precommit and update_port_postcommirt pdb; pdb.set_trace(t will not be
        called on the mechanism drivers with these results. Because
        binding results can be discarded rather than committed,
        drivers should avoid making persistent state changes in
        bind_port, or else must ensure that such state changes are
        eventually cleaned up.

        Implementing this method explicitly declares the mechanism
        driver as having the intention to bind ports. This is inspected
        by the QoS service to identify the available QoS rules you
        can use with ports.
        """

        LOG.debug("Calling my_mech bind_port")

        port = context.current
        binding_profile = port['binding:profile']
        local_link_information = binding_profile.get('local_link_information', False)
        vnic_type = port['binding:vnic_type']
        LOG.debug("My data: \n vnic_type: {vnic_type} \n local_link_information: {local_link_information}".format(vnic_type=vnic_type,local_link_information=local_link_information))
        if vnic_type == 'baremetal' and local_link_information:
           switch_info = local_link_information[0].get('switch_info')
           port_id = local_link_information[0].get('port_id')
           segments = context.segments_to_bind
           segmentation_id = segments[0]['segmentation_id']
           #If segmentation ID is None, set vlan 1
           if not segmentation_id:
               segmentation_id = '1'
           LOG.debug("Putting port {port} on {switch_info} to vlan: {segmentation_id}".format(
               port=port_id,
               switch_info=switch_info,
               segmentation_id=segmentation_id,
           ))
           switch = GenericSwitch(device_id=switch_info)

           # Move port to network
           switch.plug_port_to_network(port=port_id,segmentation_id=segmentation_id)

        pass

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Get Maximum with other data I have to come and ask this because I'm already angry and crying and everything, because this really kills me. I hate SQL. But it has to be done. Website uses SQL.
I have these tables (shortened to the necessessary and not real SQL):
CREATE TABLE deliverer(d_id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(80));
CREATE TABLE article(a_id INT PRIMATY KEY, brand VARCHAR(80));
CREATE TABLE delivers(d_id FOREIGN KEY(deliverer), a_id FOREIGN KEY(article));

I need, for each brand those deliverers that deliver the most articles. I've come as far as this, after only two hours of mind twisting:
SELECT brand, MAX(cnt)
FROM
(SELECT COUNT(a.a_id) AS cnt, a.brand, d.d_id, d.name
    FROM derliverer d, delivers l, article a
    WHERE a.a_id = l.a_id AND l.d_id = d.d_id
    GROUP BY a.brand, d.d_id, d.name)
GROUP BY brand;

What I really, really, really don't get about SQL is why it does not let me GROUP BY brand and SELECT the d.name, d.d_id. It really makes no sense.
Please help me before I jump out of the window.

A:
What I really, really, really don't get about SQL is why it does not let me GROUP BY brand and SELECT the d.name, d.d_id. It really makes no sense.

Because if you do, the count will be for each distinct d.name, d.d_id. This is not what you want.
You definitely want to read some tutorials on how a group by works.

I need, for each brand those deliverers that deliver the most articles.

In this case you need something like:
select brand_id, count(*) as top_deliverer, deliverer_id, deliverer.etc.
from some stuff
group by brand_id, deliverer_id, deliverere.etc
order by top_deliverer desc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tsar Alexander II of Russia (1818-1881, reigned 1855-1881). Along with Peter the Great, Alexander II was by far the most important reform-minded tsar of the Romanov dynasty. His reforms of the 1860s profoundly affected Russian society and charted a new course for his country.
Read the textbook chapter 29.
Read some short remarks by Petr Kropotkin about growing up with serfdom.
Check the remarks by Professor Blois and Professor Evans on the Great Reforms.
Read Professor Hammond's notes on the "Campaign to Assassinate the Tsar" (*.pdf file). The Russian revolutionaries tried for quite some time to assassinate Alexander II before finally succeeding in 1881. The story of the "hunt for the tsar" is actually very fascinating, and here, in Professor Hammond's lecture notes, you can get a brief account of what was involved.
Read chapter 23 and chapter 24 from Mary Platt Parmele (1843-1911) A Short History of Russia (1907, 4th edition). These are short chapters, and this is optional reading.
For 50 points maximum extra credit, read Ivan Goncharov (1812-91), Oblomov (1858) and write a one-page paper about why it took Oblomov so long to get out of bed in the morning.
For 50 points maximum extra credit, read W. Bruce Lincoln, The Great Reforms: Autocracy, Bureaucracy and the Politics of Change in Imperial Russia (1990) and write a one-page paper about why the tsar actually undertook the Great Reforms.
For 50 points maximum extra credit, read Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin (1826-89), History of a Town (1869-70) and write a one-page paper in which you explain why the book was so funny yet so realistic.
For 25 points maximum extra credit, read the Emancipation Manifesto (also in Russian at schoolart.narod.ru/1861.html) and write a paragraph that answers the question, What was the underlying political rationale for the Emancipation?
For 10 points maximum extra credit, submit the answers to the Turgenev study questions.


text:
Home News "Drinkin' Singin' Swingin' Party" with the Rat Pack at the Pav
"Drinkin' Singin' Swingin' Party" with the Rat Pack at the Pav
Mayor Thomas M. McDermott, Jr. and the Hammond Port Authority are proud to announce that Drinkin' Singin' Swingin' will make its Pav debut on Saturday, June 27th.
Head out to The Pav to celebrate what would have been Frank Sinatra's 100th birthday. Although Frank's birthday is December 12, there's no reason to wait to celebrate!
Get your tickets now for this salute to one of the greatest acts in entertainment history! Tickets are $10 and are available at the Hammond Marina Office or search 'Drinkin' Singin' Swingin' online at Ticketweb.com.
Guests are encouraged to bring a lawn chair or blanket. Doors open at 5:30 pm and the fun starts at 6:30 pm.
Outside food and drink prohibited. Free parking.
Like and follow The Pav (The Pavilion at Wolf Lake) on Facebook for updates and other upcoming events.
Click here for tickets!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A good vest doubles up as a great layering piece and a stand-alone jacket.
The Longhorn Ins. Vest does both with style, and offers the added versatility of a removable hood with faux fur trim.The 40gm insulation is designed to keep you warm while the Butter Sherpa lined collar beefs up the cosy factor even further. The long fit gives extra length and a feminine silhouette.


I have been suffering from sinusitis for a couple years now...tried the doctor route of antibiotics and steroids...was thinking I was going to have to go to an allergist....but simply hate taking drugs....it is not bad everyday but I suffer more days than not...nothing will move...it gets stuck in my head and sinus cavity and causes teeth pain...then had someone tell me about the all natural raw honey and happened to have some in the house...I was told one tsp but as severe as mine is I was wondering the different ways and how often I should take a tsp....I started with a tsp on Friday....yesterday it drained all day long...throat was very raw so I did 2 tsp...today it is still moving but can fill teeth pain tonight....how much should I do in a day and is there some way I can use it to wash the nasal cavity out?? Any help would be GREATLY APPRECIATED!!
Miserable and needing relief in South Texas~!!
First of all, so sorry that you're having to deal with this sinus issue. My heart goes out to you. I'd be happy to make some recommendations. I would start with 1 full tablespoon of raw honey each morning. Make sure it is real, raw honey though. Non-pasteurized, non-filtered, non-heated. After ten days, reassess. If you are improving, stick with one tablespoon. If not, try 2 tablespoons, one in the morning, one in the evening. I have listed a recent study on raw honey and sinus help down below for your reference.
I would also recommend you get yourself some high quality bee propolis tincture. Propolis is a wonderful anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory and has good activity in the mouth and sinus area. It is also helpful with allergies.
Being a nutritionist at heart, I can't help but make one very important dietary recommendation to you. This has helped more of my clients than I can count as well as many of my friends and family members - eliminate all dairy out of your diet for ten days and see if your symptoms improve. I am willing to bet that they will! So, that includes all cow's milk, cheese and yogurt.
Do you have chronic sinus issues?
A new study from researchers at the University of Amsterdam shows honey to be effective in killing bacteria that cause chronic sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis affects millions of people every year.
I put organic honey on a qtip and wiped the inside of my nasal passages before going to bed at night. In two days it completely cleared up a skin infection Rudolph sign of nasal vestibular furunculosis and I have noticed a marked decrease in sinus infection as indicated by descreased flem/mucus.
Hi i had very bad sinus for years. My religion focused on raw honey and i believed on it. Take 1 tablespoon of honey in a cup of warm water make sure empty stomach in morning. You can also do same at night. Also i used my finger and put very very tiny piece of honey in my nose and look on roof for few seconds and pain gone. It is very helpful for sinus. Try it.
I use to have severe sinus headaches, it felt like my head was being crushe. I was using Beconase nasal spray which had side affects. One morning i,d run out of my spray & had a mild ( unusual )headache, I happen to be having my breakfast of porridge oats. This may sound weird but it was as though I was being told to put honey on my oats instead of my usual banana. I used the honey & within about 2 hours the headache had gone. Tried just the honey when I had another headache & the same thing happened.
Now if I get a headache I just take a teaspoon of honey & hay presto the headaches gone, I don, t need any more proofthan that & no side affects.
Hey, I'll share my experience with you in regards to sinuses. I had facial pain, ear ache, stomachache, white tongue...All of a sudden I lost my voice, consequently my work...Doctors kept prescribing antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, antiacids, tests many of them until one day I noticed how after half an hour of a medication my throat was so dry I couldn't swollow and that was it I gave up there and then all medications and started praying and kept alert for God's guidance and in the span of few months I was led step by step of the healing. Started with my digestion which was badly messed up thanks to medications. So I had probiotics and enzymes. I protected my throat with honey, slippery elm and marshmallow root. After that followed the sinuses, found pressure points, lymph drainage techniques and ginger steam. That last was incredibly helpful like it opened my nose, I haven't breathed so freely for years. My nose sense become so strong I could smell both good and bad stuff lol God is my saviour. Doctors wondered at my stubbornness and kept pressing me for meds. I said no. God is powerful and his creation the herbs and everything natural marvelous. He is my creator and saviour and as such He knows every fiber in me and what I need to get healed. Thanks Jesus,thanks God. The light came when I compared human creation (meds) with God's creation (herbs). Natural healing is so underestimated but of course meds turnover is a lot bigger, isn't it.
I have been diagnosed with asthma. Every time I had an attack I would end up on antibiotics and steroids. My insurance man told me of an old indian remedy he had heard of and that is how he cured his severe sinus problem. You lay back and using a q tip put honey into each nostril. It will sting a little; but in seconds you will feel it flow through the sinus area and into the throat. I do this several times a day. Also putting Vicks on your forhead and along each side of your nose and then put a wash cloth wrung out in hot water over your face will help too. I have done this seven times now when I feel like I'm coming down with a cold or asthma attack. I feel rather punk for about four day; but the fifth day it is over and I feel good again. At least I have found a way to stop the awful attacks.
I have been dealing with sinus issues for three weeks now. My symptoms were exactly as you described. Unbearable pressure in my eyes and ears pain in my teeth and the worst part was the brain fog that I was overcome with. I refused to go to another general practitioner who was going to hand me a script for an antibiotic. After scouring the Internet for a natural remedy I went to my local farm market and bought 32oz of raw honey. Surprisingly there was no directions on the jar regarding dosage for my ailments. I took 3 to 5 oz of honey with every meal starting at 5 am. I eat five to six meals daily that are grain and dairy free. By noon on the second day I felt my head start to clear. My eyes and ears were relieved from the pressure and I could feel the pain subside. I did not change any part of my daily routine other than adding the honey. Lots of it. I can't see any risk in what some would consider excessive amounts of honey but, whatever they are I'm sure it's wouldn't be as bad as pressure in your head and face for weeks at a time. I was thinking medicinal doses of honey not serving sizes. Now that I'm healing I plan on including a serving a day to hopefully keep allergies a bay. Good luck I home this was helpful.
Wonderful to hear George and thank you for sharing!
i have been suffering from nasal polyps for 10 years now. about to have my 4th surgery.
i have eliminated some, but not all, of the things that cause me problems.
i am reading a lot about local organic honey and bee pollen. but, i have not come across any clinical studies. your article is the first i have heard of a 'true' study.
do you have a link possibly to the study you mention?
i ask because most of the 'legitimate' info (mayo, ent medscape, etc) say there is no proven studies yet that one can get relief. in fact, many say that you should be careful with bee pollen because it can cause severe allergic reactions. me = one with an epipen. lol i have had to go to the hospital 2x's due to allergic reactions.
anyway, thanks for the article. i think i will try the local raw honey route for now.
You can get a Neilmedi sinus irrigator that is absolutely awesome. It has two isotonic saline packets that will not cause burning in your sinuses like regular salt. I had a literal sinus infection in one of my maxillary sinuses for 3 yrs so bad that the drainage had a horrible odor, the ENT thought it was a tumor or nasal polyp but turns out it was a horrible infection that filled the entire maxillary sinus on one side! I use it twice per day.
I am a sufferer with sinus infections, post-nasal drip, headaches, and all things sinus. Dairy foods is what does it to me. My son is the same way. We both love cheese and milk products but it kills the sinuses. Even a little can cause problems. Additionally, prepared meats like salami, bacon or anything with nitrites in them, such as wine, can cause issues. But the dairy has to go before anything else. You will notice relief within 24 hours.
I have a really irritating cough,mainly at night, which my Doctor says is a Sinus nasal drip,(lovely!), I have had it for a few weeks, Antibiotics did not clear it up, nor Beconase,(steroid nasal spray), or another nasal spray, I used to take New Era tissue salts, for sinus problems, but am unable to get it at the moment, it is being (regulated) so I am hoping to get more later in the year!... I wonder if the salts has masked it all these years?, anyway, I am taking another nasal spray, (reluctantly) BUT, I am going to try the Manuka honey, I was given while trying to find some Raw, locally,I will try to update this site with any positive results.
Many years ago I read that American Indians used honey for healing many medical issues.
I am currently suffering with sinusitis now and am starting with a tablespoon of honey. I will let you all know how it works out. Not sure how scientifically founded this honey method is but I need some relief.
Last Tuesday I saw an ENT-PA(that is an Ear Nose and Throat Physicians Assistant) and she prescribed Fexofenadine/180 MG. Today is Friday and have not had much relief. The headache goes all over the place in my head.
If I may suggest one other remedy, get yourself a large nasal syringe and some saline (salt). Gently rinsing/flushing the sinuses with a saline solution really helps flush the sinuses of the infection. My husband has used this method with great success. You can find kits that sell the syringe and salt together at health food stores or online.


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U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Paycheck Protection
Program (PPP)
The Federal Government recently allocated additional funding to reopen the US Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). While applications may not be submitted until the Program rules are finalized by the SBA, there are steps you can take to prepare. Get a head start now by completing a preliminary application below.
Once you complete the form, you will receive an email confirmation with a link to begin your application. Once you start the Pre-Application you will receive notifications with program updates and useful information to help ensure that your application can be completed and submitted to the SBA.
Step 1 of 2 - Create Your Loan Profile
Full Legal Name*
Best Contact Phone Number*
Accounting/FinanceAdvertising/Public RelationsAerospace/AviationArts/Entertainment/PublishingAutomotiveBanking/MortgageBusiness DevelopmentBusiness OpportunityClerical/AdministrativeConstruction/FacilitiesConsumer GoodsCustomer ServiceEducation/TrainingEnergy/UtilitiesEngineeringGovernment/MilitaryGreenHealthcareHospitality/TravelHuman ResourcesInstallation/MaintenanceInsuranceInternetJob Search AidsLaw Enforcement/SecurityLegalManagement/ExecutiveManufacturing/OperationsMarketingNon-Profit/VolunteerPharmaceutical/BiotechProfessional ServicesQA/Quality ControlReal EstateRestaurant/Food ServiceRetailSalesScience/ResearchSkilled LaborTechnologyTelecommunicationsTransportation/LogisticsOther
What is your average monthly payroll?*
Did you already receive a PPP on the first round?*
How much did you receive on the first round PPP loan?*
Have you used the full amount you received on the first PPP loan?*
YesNoAlmost All of it
Does your business demonstrate at least a 25% reduction in gross receipts in the first, second, third, or fourth quarter of 2020 relative to the same quarter from 2019?*
I agree to the privacy policy and terms & conditions of this website.
Please note the information on this page as well as the required information in the preliminary application are subject to change pursuant to guidance published by the SBA. In addition, approval during a previous round of the Paycheck Protection Program does not guarantee approval during the next round of the Program. Eligibility and availability are determined on a case-by-case basis and subject to guidance published by the US Small Business Administration.
Additional information about the Paycheck Protection Program is available from the US Department of the Treasury and the US Small Business Administration (SBA).
PPP FAQ: Your Questions Answered
How long will it take for PPPr3 to be enacted and go live?
When the Economic Aid Act was passed on December 27th, 2020 the legislation gave SBA 10 days to provide guidance on the new bill. SBA has released new guidance as recently as Wednesday, January 6th, 2021. We expect the program to go live within a week.
To prepare for the opening of this round of Paycheck Protection Program we are suggesting that all businesses pre-apply using the application HERE. Once your pre-application is complete, we will email all businesses with news of the program's opening and your ability to finish your application.
How do I measure a 25% decrease in revenue or gross receipts?
Businesses may qualify for a second PPP loan by showing a 25% decrease in revenue. According to the latest Interim Final Rule (IFR) on second draw PPP loans revenue is captured using gross receipts. The IFR generally defines gross receipts to include all revenue in whatever form received or accrued (in accordance with the entity's accounting method) from whatever source, including from the sales of products or services, interest, dividends, rents, royalties, fees, or commissions, reduced by returns and allowances.
A borrower can calculate revenue reduction with gross receipts by taking any one quarter of 2020 and comparing it to the same quarter from 2019. In this case, quarter references a calendar quarter rather than a business or fiscal quarter.
Do I need to apply for forgiveness to take a second PPP loan?
No, if you took a PPP loan in the first round of funding, there is no requirement to apply for PPP forgiveness before applying for a second PPP loan. However, the legislation does state that the business must have used all funds from the first PPP loan or intended to use those funds before they may apply for a second loan. More SBA guidance on intent to use funds may be coming soon.
If my company took the maximum 2.5x payroll in the first round, am I still eligible for a second PPP loan?
Yes, you may still be eligible for a second PPP loan. Because the new Economic Aid Act is focused on supporting hard-hit businesses, you may still qualify for a second PPP loan (known as a 2nd Draw loan). Eligibility for a second PPP loan is based on proving a decrease in business revenue that is greater than or equal to 25% of the business's gross receipts.
If I am a hotel or restaurant do I automatically qualify for 3.5x payroll?
Yes. The Economic Aid Act has provided for all businesses with a NAICS code starting with 72 to qualify for a loan amount up to 3.5 times payroll.
First draw businesses with NAICS codes beginning in 72 will qualify if they have no more than a total of 500 employees. Second draw businesses with NAICS codes beginning in 72 are eligible if they employ no more than 300 people per location and meet the revenue reduction requirements. Restaurant and hotel locations with a shared parent company that operate as separate legal business entities can apply separately for each entity/location.
Am I eligible for a PPP loan in this round if I did not receive a previous PPP loan?
Yes, the program will be open for both first-time borrowers and borrowers looking for a second loan. Please note that the requirements for first-time borrowers and second-time borrowers are different. Continue reading below for a non-exhaustive list of eligibility requirements and other helpful information. Please be advised that qualifying as an eligible business does not guarantee a PPP loan will be offered.
first PPP loan through a different lender, am I still eligible to apply for a second draw through you?
Yes, applicants may still apply for a Round B PPP loan through us regardless of receiving a PPP loan from a different lender in the previous round.
Please be advised that only eligible businesses may apply for a second draw loan. Each business is only entitled to one PPP second draw loan, and previous approval does not guarantee approval for a second draw loan.
What are the loan terms and conditions?
Second Draw PPP Loans are generally subject to the same terms, conditions and requirements as First Draw PPP Loans. These terms include:
The guarantee percentage is 100 percent.
No collateral will be required.
No personal guarantees will be required.
The interest rate will be 100 basis points or one percent, calculated on a non-compounding, non-adjustable basis.
Maturity is five years.
All loans will be processed by all lenders under delegated authority and lenders will be permitted to rely on certifications of the borrower in order to determine the eligibility of the borrower and the use of loan proceeds.
I am a first-time borrower, what types of businesses are eligible?
In addition to the businesses that were eligible in the initial round of PPP (including but not limited to small businesses, nonprofit organizations, veterans organizations, Tribal business concerns, small agricultural cooperatives that meet the SBA size standards, sole proprietors, self-employed individuals or independent contractors), during this round the program includes entities that are 501(c)(6)s, destination marketing organizations (DMOs), housing cooperatives, newspapers, broadcasters, and radio stations. Additionally, for first-time borrowers to qualify for eligibility, the entity may employ no more than 500 employees.
I am a first-time borrower, what is the maximum amount I may request under PPP?
The absolute maximum cap on loans (both first-time applicants and second draw borrowers) for PPP is $2,000,000. In your application, you will be requested to submit certain documentation as proof of eligibility that will determine the amount your business is eligible for under the program. Please be advised that borrowers are not guaranteed the full amount requested in their application.
What expenses are eligible to be included in my PPP application?
In addition to the expenses that were eligible under the previous round (payroll, rent, covered mortgage interest, and utilities), both first-time applicants and borrowers applying for a second draw may also use their PPP loan to cover the following expenses: covered operations (software, cloud computing, and other human resources and accounting needs); property damage costs due to public disturbances that occurred during 2020 that are not covered by insurance; covered supplier costs; and covered worker protection expenditures and personal protective equipment (PPE) to help a loan recipient comply with federal, state or local health guidance including requirements issued by the CDC, OSHA, HHS and state or local governments.
I received a PPP loan in the previous round, what do I need to show to be eligible for a second draw?
Eligible businesses that received a prior loan must:
Have 300 or fewer employees,
Have sustained a 25 percent drop in revenue in any quarter of 2020 when compared to the same quarter in 2019, and
A borrower must have used the full amount of its first PPP loan to apply for a second.
How does a seasonal employer calculate the maximum PPP loan amount?
As defined by section 315 of the Economic Aid Act, a borrower is a seasonal employer if it does not operate for more than 7 months in any calendar year or, during the preceding calendar year, it had gross receipts for any 6 months of that year that were not more than 33.33 percent of the gross receipts for the other 6 months of that year. Under section 336 of the Economic Aid Act, a seasonal employer must determine its maximum loan amount for purposes of the PPP by using the employer's average total monthly payments for payroll for any 12-week period selected by the seasonal employer beginning February 15, 2019, and ending February 15, 2020.
What qualifies as "payroll costs?"
Payroll costs consist of compensation to employees (whose principal place of residence is in the United States) in the form of salary, wages, commissions, or similar compensation; cash tips or the equivalent (based on employer records of past tips or, in the absence of such records, a reasonable, good-faith employer estimate of such tips); payment for vacation, parental, family, medical, or sick leave; an allowance for separation or dismissal; payment for the provision of employee benefits consisting of group health care or group life, disability, vision, or dental insurance, including insurance premiums, and retirement; payment of state and local taxes assessed on the compensation of employees; and for an independent contractor or sole proprietor, wages, commissions, income, or net earnings from self-employment, or similar compensation.
What businesses are NOT eligible to participate in the PPP?
The following businesses are NOT eligible to receive PPP loans:
Entities listed in 13 C.F.R. 120.110 and subsequent regulations except for entities from that regulation which have otherwise been made eligible by statute or guidance, and except for nonprofits and religious organizations;
Entities involved in political and lobbying activities including engaging in advocacy in areas such as public policy or political strategy or otherwise describes itself as a think tank in any public document;
Entities affiliated with entities in the People's Republic of China;
Registrants under the Foreign Agents Registration Act; and
Entities that receive a grant under the Shuttered Venue Operator Grant program.
Interested in a PPP Loan? Don't wait and Apply Now!
Other Articles You May Want to Read
New PPP Guidance
New PPP Guidance for Small Businesses SHARE Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on linkedin The pandemic continues to impact small businesses, and we
PPP Second Draw & PPP Round 3: What you need to know
PPP Second Draw and PPP Round 3 (PPPr3): What Business Owners Need to Know SHARE Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on linkedin On
Questions about PPP and EIDL Loan
Answering Questions About the Paycheck Protection Program and Economic Injury Disaster Loan SHARE Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on linkedin Two weeks ago
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text:
Yesanland (The Kalmar Union)
Principality of Yesanland
(and largest city) Nahyssa
Language Yesan
Prince Nikonha
Chief Minister Apurse Juntak
Currency YSY
The Principality of Yesanland, Yesanland, Yesangy, is a medium sized autocratic monarchy in Eastern Leifia. It is bordered by Aniyunwiya, Susquehanockland, Powhatanland, Tuscaron, Catawbaland and the Tsalagi Republic. The capital is Nahyssa and the population is around 3.4 million.
The Head of State is Prince Nikonha.
The official language is Yesan.
The currency is the Yesan Yandokapui (YSY).
The Yesan first enter the historical record as a 'particularly stubborn' tribe encountered by the Álengsk in the the early 1200s as they ventured westwards in an attempt to stem the invasions into Margirhaedeyja. They had although already become a minor headache to the nascent Aniyunwiyan kingdoms. While the Álengsk and Aniyunwiya believed in the absolute power of heavy cavalry the Yesan supported a massive infantry force. Buoyed by a large population and protected by the Oniasont mountain ranges the tribes proved a tough challenge, even to Edoha, the all-conquering emperor of the Aniyunwiya.
Unlike its neighbours Yesanland was not conquered outright by Aniyunwiya and was instead treated as an equal within the empire. While Aniyunwiyan lords snapped up land on the coasts the Yesan ventured southwards extending their rule over the Catawban and Mvskokian tribes almost to the Mexic Gulf. Internally a power struggle fuelled by the discovery of gold in the south turned the previously council-led tribe(s) into a singular monarchical state. Gold bought Álengsk steel and eventually Iberian technical know-how and while their actual territory shrank following the collapse of the 2nd Aniyunwiyan Empire the core lands were soon ringed with cutting-edge fortresses and protected by one of the most well-equipped armies in Leifia. The Black Death left the Yesan lands mostly untouched leaving the nation in a powerful position.
Most of the 15th and 16th centuries were taken up with wars to regain its lost territories. Some, like those against the Tsalagi and Coyaha led it into conflict with Aniyunwiya and were quickly abandoned. Others like those to the south or into civil war stricken Tuscaron were more successful. Much of the developments in the south, especially the later growth of Mvskokia were a result of Yesan military ventures.
The end of the Second Yesan-Cusaban War (1617-1622) was one of the reasons behind the Congress of Cahokia which would in turn precipitate the First Mexic-Leifian War. Despite its formidable army Yesanland stayed out of the wider war having dire relations with the Muscogee League to the south and not much better ones with the Christian Leagues to the north. It lend a 'thousand men' for the Battle of Kahoka after pleading entreaties from the north, and its heavily armoured pikemen were bloodied but not broken even after ten hours of close combat. The bloated and ill-disciplined armies that flooded Eastern Leifia in the aftermath of the war gave Yesanland's neighbours some respite from its interminable wars as they blunted Yesanland's attacks. Yesanland's borders waxed and waned during the 17th century but even so, by the initial stages of the 'Leifian Crisis' it owned half of the area of modern Catawbaland, effectively controlled the Westo River and had on occasion severely challenged Icelandic ownership of Rolgerfolkland, only being pushed back with Portuguese assistance.
The financial crash in 1818 abruptly ended Yesanland's 'glorious age'. Despite its generally terrible relations it was largely reliant on the North-East for exports and once these dried up government collapsed. A republic was declared and the royal family went into exile. In 1821 the government was radicallised by internal conflict and declared war on Susquehanockland, swiftly overrunning the country and occupying Conestoga. The Yesan-Susquehanock War drew in Álengiamark and Powhatanland but dragged on until 1826, sapping the strength and morale of the two. Yesan forces withdrew from Susquehanockland but were for the most part unbeaten by the allies. Public opinion and their own internal problems stopped the war before Álengsk and Powhatan troops could overthrow the republic. This would have to wait until later.
The Yesanland Revolutionary War (1847-1850) was a concerted effort by northern Leifian and Kalmar states to restrain Yesanland and restore the monarchy. Even by the standards of the revolutionary wars of the time this was a horrifically bloody campaign and the treatment of the Yesan people as the armies advanced into the mountains shocked the public back home. The war, although ultimately successful, would severely undermine Vinland's appetite for future ventures (and felling two governments in the process) and many other republics that may have been targeted by the pro-monarchy powers were left to develop peacefully without interference.
Broken and shorn of a large swath of territory Yesanland recovered slowly. A brief civil war in the 1890s threatened to lapse the country back into radical republicanism but limited support from Aniyunwiya tipped the balance in the monarchy's favour and the rebels were suppressed. It was involved in the Cotton Wars on Mvskokia's side but decades of neglect and short funds had softened the effect of its army and it withdrew from the war without much consequence.
These days Yesanland provides much of the coal fuelling the industrial boom in Aniyunwiya, Erie and Álengiamark.
The government of Yesanland is formed of a tricameral diet. Elections are held every but many observers remark that these change rarely actually change anything. Despite the sheen of democracy Yesanland remains a very centralised autocracy with the monarchy retaining wide executive powers.
Retrieved from "https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/Yesanland_(The_Kalmar_Union)?oldid=1507172"


Our team of experts has compiled many the most useful market insights across regional economics, CRE news, tax strategy, legal strategy and commercial real estate operational strategy to offer here for building owners, investors, brokers and tenants of Texas commercial real estate. Please reach out to our team of experts when we may be of service to you.
Commercial real estate research tools provide accurate, organized, and up-to-date information for brokers and agents. At CXRE, we use the latest tools to help you find the perfect commercial properties.
2018 was a big year for the Houston commercial office market. Specifically, this marks the first year since 2014 that Houston has experienced a positive net absorption in square footage.
The tenants are really in charge. You heard us right and you'll agree after you read why. We believe tenants drive the commercial real estate industry. Not owners. Not brokers.


A trip to Orlando, Florida isn't complete until you've visited one of the city's incredible beaches. Orlando and its surrounding area is home to some of Florida's most beautiful beaches. And when it comes to these beaches, there are many different types to choose from – so you shouldn't have any problem finding the perfect one to spend the day, week, etc.
To help get you started, we've listed eight beaches below that are located near Orlando. They're definitely worth a visit!
Located in Winter Park, Lake Baldwin Park is the city's only "dog-friendly" park. From 8 a.m. until sunset, dogs are allowed to play unleashed within the park. Lake Baldwin Park is also one of the only two parks in the city that has a beach area.
Kiteboarding, parasailing and surfing are popular activities enjoyed by visitors of Cocoa Beach. This popular beach area is well known for its 800-foot pier, and it's also home to the world's largest surf shop - Ron Jon Surf Shop (52,000 sq ft). Cocoa Beach is located in Brevard County.
Wekiwa Springs State Park is located 20 minutes north of Orlando. Its spring pumps out approximately 42 million gallons of water each day to the Wekiva River. This popular swimming area isn't surrounded by a typical sandy beach. Instead, it's enclosed by concrete and a grassy beach area.
Located nearly an hour from Orlando is the great city of Daytona Beach. This city welcomes many visitors each year primarily because of its beautiful beach. In addition to its beach, Daytona Beach also offers watersports, deep-sea fishing and incredible dining options. While in Daytona Beach, don't forget to visit its famous pier.
Lakefront Park, located in St. Cloud, is situated near Lake Tohopekaliga. A few of its amenities include a playground, a splash pad, picnic areas, a sandy beach and a fishing pier. Lakefront Park is a great place for the entire family.
New Smyrna Beach is located about an hour from Orlando and is best known for its incredible surfing opportunities. What's great about New Smyrna Beach is that you can drive your car directly onto it. Activities offered at this beach include fishing, watersports and sunbathing.
This beautiful beach area, which is located about 65 miles from Orlando, has the longest stretch of clean shoreline in Florida. Fishing, swimming, and simply relaxing are popular activities enjoyed by beach visitors.
Compared to other beaches near Orlando, Melbourne Beach doesn't experience many crowds. Because of this, it's the perfect beach to visit if you're wanting to relax. Melbourne Beach is tucked away between the following three areas: Indian River Lagoon, Banana River and the Atlantic. When it comes to outdoor recreation, swimming and fishing are a couple of activities Melbourne Beach offers.
Which of these Orlando-area beaches is your favorite?


text:
Bored of Board Game Movies
This column was originally published in the Central Western Daily on Tuesday 16th August 2011.
As Hollywood continues to cannibalise itself with remake after remake, it has turned to other areas of popular culture in the hope of finding inspiration and more importantly, a profitable franchise.
We've had a glut of comic book films lately. Marvel has churned out the rather enjoyable Thor and Captain America flicks this year, both chapters of a storyline leading up to the highly anticipated Avengers movie to be released next year. DC unleashed the rather ho-hum Green Lantern on cinemas this week, and they'll soon be serving up the final film in Christopher Nolan's Batman trilogy plus another reboot of the Superman franchise.
Video games have been the basis of many terrible and a few decent movies of late. From the absolute low point of Uwe Boll's House of the Dead to the fun Resident Evil series, these films always fail to deliver an experience that comes close to playing the game but that doesn't seem to stop Hollywood from trying. There is talk that video game classic Space Invaders has been licensed for a cinematic revision. In this particular case, I would be happy if they don't try to capture the gaming experience. I'm pretty sure that a Space Invaders film has already been made. It was called Independence Day.
And then there were the toy films. The Transformers franchise has certainly been the high point in terms of box office clout. Unfortunately, the power of Grayskull couldn't save Masters of the Universe from being unwatchable, and G.I. Joe was a great film to ignore when you're reading a book. This year, Hugh Jackman will star with boxing robots in Real Steel, based on the Rock 'Em Sock 'Em Robots toy line.
Just when you thought that there were no other aspects of pop culture to rape and pillage for a quick movie buck, the trailer for Battleship was released recently. That's right, a movie based on the Milton Bradley board game.
Starring Liam Neeson and R & B superstar Rihanna, the plot focuses on an international naval fleet preparing for training exercises when they come into contact with an alien force. The trailer features a scene revealing that the aliens have knocked out the battleships' radar, thus forcing them to fire blindly at the enemy (of course).
I'm absolutely positive that this terrible idea for a movie will feature a captain standing on a naval vessel bridge watching the skirmish unfold on a screen and then shouting out, "You've sunk my battleship!"
There's also talk of Bladerunner director Ridley Scott developing a film based on the Monopoly board game. This sounds like a contender for Worst Film of the Decade not starring Katherine Heigl™. OK, it may make a decent theme for a scratchie or McDonalds promotion but it sounds like the death of narrative cinema to me. In the same way that I have never ever finished a game of Monopoly (has anyone?) I doubt I will make it through this clunker if it ever gets made.
In Hollywood, it seems as though there is nothing new under the sun. To me, board games represent family holidays where we've been stuck in the caravan on a wet day. Unless it's Hungry, Hungry Hippos in 3D, I have no interest in movies based on board games. Do not collect $200 and do not pass go.
on August 16, 2011 at 07:29 Leave a Comment
Tags: aliens, Battleship, board games, boardgames, boat, cinema, film, invasion, Liam Neeson, Monopoly, movies, navy, Peter Berg, Ridley Scott
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Snapchat the newborn and the extravagant in social media!
Social media has always been the forerunner of digital Revolution with million and millennials opting for Snapchat, as there second best option for Image messaging. Snapchat is the gen-next of yahoo messenger that ruled the dotcom era in the past, as it is a complete newbie in the social networking block of virtual interaction. Snapchat is an innovative social media platform loved and tested by many to boast social networking activities. The best part of this Image messaging mobile app is the unique name it owns, so that even a common person with minute tech-savvy skills will understand that Snapchat is something that works for virtual chatting.
What is all the fuss about Snapchat as the most preferred in Image messaging?
The Snapchat virtual hobnob based software facilitates the user to chat via screen name on the intuitive and interactive User Interface.
Facebook is well integrated to multiply contacts of friends via phone number or user name search.
The USP of this mobile app is the inbuilt functional facility that automatically deletes the uploaded images on its server, as soon as the recipient views it.
The swift functioning of this app makes it the most preferred in social networking apps.
This image deletion options kills the reluctant behavior of the person uploading private snaps for intimate hobnobbing.
Snapchat fits well in cyber security that stops bullying cases in which case often the snaps of the users have been morphed by unscrupulous people violating the cyber act.
This app offers a valid faster way of sending picture messages that boost the interest of the users most of the time.
The online image branding comes from social media that leverage on popular social media platform for growing followers , fans contacts and business promotions. Snapchat fits the picture well as image feature in virtual content SEO holds the very first place in Google indexing. Like Facebook users, the surprising factor in the growth of the interest of users on Facebook, lies on infinite likes and tagging done on this platform. In a similar way Image captured via Snapchat are liked and shared on cyberspace through Snapchat comprehensive features. A good amount of work is pulled by user BuyRealSocialLike initiative that boost the popularity of the individual spending a large size of their time on Image sharing Snapchat app. There are two factors that determine the followers growth on Snapchat, one type of followers that adds the contacts coming from organic likes while other prefer followers boosted via buying Snapchat followers.
Now a days common person too is infatuated by Images capturing passion as end-users dont mind taking other fake alternatives that multiply followers in minimum possible time. Buying Snapchat followers enhance the virtual presence, that uplift the social value of the person having manifold flowers.The thick demarcation line between the popularity of screen celebrities and the popularity of common people is minimized by the use of Snapchat Image messaging features to highlight popularity in additional ways. There are third party services that enlighten the overall Snapchat efforts of end-users by increasing the online presence through BuyRealSocialLike and accelerating Snapchat followers in a jiffy. Social exposure is the next big thing in social media as every second person is interested, to make snaps cool gorgeous and handsome to increase likes and accelerate followers in the contact list.


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2013 The Year in Movie Box Office
While I would be surprised if this year stands out in the history of movies the way that last year did, it was certainly interesting!
In this post, we're going to do some analysis of the box office.
We have to first point out that the list isn't final, and that there are some newcomers which will move up considerably (The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug is still burning up the box office, and for a movie with a snowman main character, Frozen surprisingly has legs). 😉 We think that American Hustle could eventually top $100 million dogro (domestic gross), and Walter Mitty and Anchorman 2 are just getting started.
We'll continue to update our 2013 box office page
at least until no 2013 release appears on the IMDb top ten box office list for a week. If that happens before the Oscars (which are scheduled for March 2), we'll probably keep going until then…the Oscar bump can have an impact.
That said, let's look at where we are as of now. We are only doing this on dogro, although we'll have something to say about international later. We also cut it off at the bottom at $40 million:
1 Iron Man 3 $409,013,994.00
2 The Hunger Games: Catching Fire $384,324,000.00
3 Despicable Me 2 $367,607,660.00
4 Man of Steel $291,045,518.00
5 Monsters University $268,492,764.00
6 Gravity $254,067,000.00
7 Fast & Furious 6 $238,679,850.00
8 Oz The Great and Powerful $234,911,825.00
9 Frozen (2013) $229,775,000.00
10 Star Trek Into Darkness $228,778,661.00
11 World War Z $202,359,711.00
12 Thor: The Dark World $201,727,537.00
13 The Croods $187,168,425.00
14 The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug $170,564,000.00
15 The Heat $159,582,188.00
16 We're the Millers $150,394,119.00
17 The Great Gatsby (2013) $144,840,419.00
18 The Conjuring $137,400,141.00
19 Identity Thief $134,506,920.00
20 Grown Ups 2 $133,668,525.00
21 The Wolverine $132,556,852.00
22 G.I. Joe: Retaliation $122,523,060.00
23 Now You See Me $117,723,989.00
24 Lee Daniels' The Butler $116,146,955.00
25 Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 $115,740,196.00
26 The Hangover Part III $112,200,072.00
27 Epic $107,518,682.00
28 Captain Phillips $104,287,640.00
29 Pacific Rim $101,802,906.00
30 This is the End $101,470,202.00
31 Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa $100,837,000.00
32 Olympus Has Fallen $98,925,640.00
33 $42.00 $95,020,213.00
34 Elysium $93,050,117.00
35 Planes $90,288,712.00
36 The Lone Ranger $89,302,115.00
37 Oblivion $89,107,235.00
38 Insidious Chapter 2 $83,586,447.00
39 Turbo $83,028,128.00
40 2 Guns $75,612,460.00
41 White House Down $73,103,784.00
42 Mama $71,628,180.00
43 Safe Haven $71,349,120.00
44 Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues $71,198,000.00
45 The Smurfs 2 $71,017,784.00
46 The Best Man Holiday $70,033,270.00
47 Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters $68,443,727.00
48 A Good Day to Die Hard $67,349,198.00
49 Warm Bodies $66,380,662.00
50 Jack the Giant Slayer $65,187,603.00
51 The Purge $64,473,115.00
52 Last Vegas $62,439,761.00
53 Prisoners $61,002,302.00
54 Ender's Game $60,900,026.00
55 After Earth $60,522,097.00
56 Escape From Planet Earth $57,012,977.00
57 Hansel and Gretel: Witch Hunters $55,703,475.00
58 Evil Dead (2013) $54,239,856.00
59 Free Birds $54,089,000.00
60 Red 2 $53,262,560.00
61 Tyler Perry's Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor $51,975,354.00
62 The Call $51,872,378.00
63 Pain and Gain $49,875,291.00
64 American Hustle $46,885,000.00
65 Gangster Squad $46,000,903.00
66 Jurassic Park 3D $45,385,935.00
67 The Internship $44,672,764.00
68 Instructions Not Included $44,467,206.00
69 Snitch $42,930,462.00
70 Riddick $42,025,135.00
71 A Haunted House $40,041,683.00
Some movies which may still make $40 million dogro:
Tyler Perry's a Madea Christmas
12 Years a Slave (especially with an Oscar bump, but even without)
There are some that could do it with an Oscar bump, for example, Philomena and Fruitvale Station
Counting Gravity as a geek-friendly movie (even though Gravity is not science fiction), the top 14 all qualify.
That's just based on gross, though. Geek movies often cost more to produce, which reduces the profit. When we look at
The Measured Circle's Most Profitable Movies of 2013
the top ten looks considerably different.
Despicable Me 2: profit of $292m to date
The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: $209m
Iron Man 3: $209m
Gravity: $154m
Monsters University: $153m
The Conjuring: $124m
The Heat: $117m
We're the Millers: $113m
Identity Thief: $99m
Lee Daniels' The Butler: $86m
As you can see, three comedies and a mainstream drama make the cut with those numbers (dogro versus reported production budget).
Like last year, the biggest losers were all geek friendly:
Jack the Giant Slayer: -$129.8m to date
The Lone Ranger: -$125.7m
Pacific Rim: -$88.0m
We don't know yet where 47 Ronin might end up, with an estimated budget of $175m…it is possible it will lose as much as Pacific Rim, but it is too soon to tell.
This year, we started a new feature. We label movies based on their dogro versus their reported production budgets:
A traditional measure of success if the dogro being twice the production budget. Using that as a starting point…
Dogro 2X production budget = "Money"
Dogro 3X production budget = "Golden"
Dogro less than 50% of production budget = "Underperformer"
Here are those groupings:
Golden (16 titles out of 69 tracked by us so far)
Septuple Golden: The Purge: 2147%
Quintuple Golden: Insidious: Chapter 2: 1,672%
Quintuple Golden: A Haunted House: 1,600%
Triple Golden: The Conjuring: 1053%
Double Golden: Instructions Not Include: 890%
Double Golden: Jackass Presents Bad Grandpa: 673%
Despicable Me 2: 484%
Mama: 477%
The Best Man Holiday: 411%
We're the Millers: 405%
The Call: 392%
Lee Daniels' The Butler: 387%
Evil Dead: 387%
Identity Thief: 383%
The Heat: 372%
This Is the End: 316%
Money (7 titles out of 69)
Snitch: 286%
Safe Haven: 255%
Gravity: 254%
42: 238%
Monsters University: 233%
The Hunger Games: Catching Fire: 226%
Iron Man 3: 205%
Underperfomer (4 titles out of 69)
White House Down: 49%
After Earth: 47%
The Lone Ranger: 42%
Jack the Giant Slayer: 34%
No question, horror (especially when we include the horror spoof A Haunted House) had the best return for the studios' investment dollars. The Purge knocks it out of the park, and every movie that was more than Double Golden was a horror movie (again, counting A Haunted House).
Mainstream comedies also do very well, though, including Jackass, We're the Millers, Identity Thief, and The Heat…proving that while it isn't necessary to have Melissa McCarthy top-billed, it's a good idea. 😉
Non-horror, non-animated geek movies don't even make the Golden cut. On the other hand, three out of four of the underperformers were geek-friendly (and we could debate the fourth).
Does that high risk mean studios should stop making megabudgeted geek tentpoles?
Nope. 🙂
There are a few reasons for that:
Even though Iron Man 3 wasn't golden, it still dogroed hundreds of millions more for the studio than the production cost. That's a lot of money! Profit matters, but having cash on hand counts, too
Lots of money on geek-friendly movies is made outside of the tickets for the initial theatre run. There are the merchandising bucks…how many licensed Halloween costumes from comedies are sold? Not that many, certainly compared to superhero movies
We have just been looking at domestic numbers so far…here's where that international part comes into play. Comedies just don't do as well internationally…humor is much harder to translate than explosions and special effects. 😉 Iron Man 3 made 66.3% of its box office outside the USA; The Heat made 30.6%. You'll find similar numbers on other successful geek-friendly movies and mainstream comedies. As international box office becomes increasingly important, geek-friendly movies become more valuable
One other quick list: some geek-friendly movies which did not make the $40m dogro cut (and aren't likely to do so):
The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones: dogro $31m, reported budget $60m. Even though we wouldn't quite label it an underperformer, this is one of the ones that may scare studios away from young adult literature as source material. Not completely, of course, but it does make them a bit more cautious
Kick-*ss 2: dogro $29m, reported budget $28m. It did barely make a profit…did we witness the power of Jim Carrey's not supporting the movie? If so, is that better or worse for Carrey: would you be more reluctant to cast Carrey knowing that, if the actor later decides the movie has a moral issue, you could lose promotional support?
The World's End: dogro $26m, reported budget $40m. Don't worry too much about this one: it will be profitable when everything is taken into account, and even if it wasn't, we still love Pegg and Frost
Carrie: dogro $35m, reported budget $30m. It made a profit, but I think most people would have predicted more out of it
Machete Kills: dogro $7m, reported budget $12m. It's not about the money with this one…
Beautiful Creatures: dogro $19m, reported budget $60m. A major underperformer…see Mortal Instruments above
About Time: dogro $15m, reported budget unknown. Our guess is this one was still a success, but we don't know for sure
R.I.P.D.: dogro $34m, reported budget $130m if this one could have clawed its way to $40m, it would have been one of our underperformers. This was not a good year for Ryan Reynolds, although The Croods did well. This movie and Turbo, though? Not so much…we still love you, Ryan! Although, you know, maybe not like we love Pegg and Frost 😉
Jobs: dogro $16m, reported budget $12m. This one did okay
The Host: dogro $27m, reported budget $40m. We thought this one would do better: see Beautiful Creatures above
Scary Movie 5: dogro $32m, reported budget $20m. That's good enough: expect a 6 at some point
Dark Skies: dogro $17m, reported budget $3.5m. Again, good enough
We'll keep tracking 2013…and then on to 2014!
This post by Bufo Calvin originally appeared in the The Measured Circle. To support this or other blogs/organizations, buy Amazon Gift Cards from a link on the site, then use those to buy your items. There will be no cost to you, and a benefit to them.
Posted in Analysis, Box Office, Movies, The Year in Movies | 1 Comment »
Peter O'Toole reported dead
Steely blue eyes.
That's not just a color. There was an impenetrability to Peter O'Toole's eyes. In a close-up in his most famous role, Lawrence of Arabia, you do feel what he feels…but there was always a sense for me that he never let you into his inner being.
That is, arguably, an odd quality for an actor.
I think it may help to explain why, although he was nominated for eight acting Oscars in four different decades, the only Oscar he received was an honorary one.
His characters tended to be very sure of themselves: Sherlock Holmes; Svengali; Eli Cross (in The Stunt Man).
He was not opposed to fun roles…although his was the kind of sense of mischief that you felt might turn deadly. From What's New Pussycat to the James Bond spoof, Casino Royale to The Ruling Class to his brilliant performance in My Favorite Year, he showed that we needn't always take him seriously (although in his presence, I think we all would have).
His significant geek-friendly roles tended to come later in his more than half-century film career:
The King in Stardust (based on a Neil Gaiman work)
Anton Ego, the food critic in Ratatouille
Phantoms (based on the Dean R. Koontz novel)
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in FairyTale: A True Story (based on the Cottingley Fairy affair), opposite Harvey Keitel as Harry Houdini
The Emperor of Lilliput in the TV production of Gulliver's Travels (with Ted Danson as Gulliver)
Pantaloon in The Nutcracker Prince (an animated version, with Kiefer Sutherland as the Prince)
High Spirits (written by The Crying Game's Neil Jordan)
The Ray Bradbury Theatre (in an episode about a banshee)
Creator (overtly science fiction, with O'Toole's character a scientist trying to clone his dead wife)
Four animated movies as Sherlock Holmes
Don Quixote in Man of La Mancha
Good-bye, Peter O'Toole…the world is less aristocratic without you.
This post by Bufo Calvin originally appeared in the The Measured Circle.
Posted in Good-byes, Movies, Pop Culture, TV | Leave a Comment »
James, Danny, Ben, and Waldo: the many lives of Walter Mitty
SPOILER ALERT: I'm going to discuss a bit about different incarnations of Walter Mitty in this post. If you have not read or seen the works and want to have the joy of pure discovery, I would do that before reading this. I won't get into a lot of detail
Geeks understand imagination.
We get the joy of picturing ourselves in different circumstances. Some of us go to considerable lengths to recreate the fantasy, notably with cosplay ("costume play"), and LARPing ("Live Action Role Playing").
However, what we do is quite different from how Walter Mitty was portrayed in the original short story by James Thurber in a 1939 issue of The New Yorker.
One of the key things is that it was "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" (emphasis added). Walter Mitty doesn't share his imagination with others…they don't know what he is thinking.
In today's society, it might be quite different. Walter Mitty might be part of one (or several) online communities (even anonymously), playing out those situations with others.
Is Walter Mitty a geek?
Certainly, he is intelligent, well-informed, socially inept, and with a vision beyond those of the "mundane" folks in his life…I think that would fit a lot of people's definition. 😉
He has a geek's knowledge of detail…and he has fun in his mind, even if his real life is…less than thrilling.
The 1947 movie with Danny Kaye considerably changed the message of the character. Now, Mitty becomes involved in a real-life adventure. What he imagined in the past is valuable to him, but it is clearly suggested that being in the real world is a better idea…coming out of your shell.
That's a very different feel. Walter Mitty in the short story might like to come out of his shell (maybe), but there is no suggestion that will happen, or even endorsement of the idea. In the short story, these ideas are a defense to a humdrum existence…not something that will give him real world power.
To be clear, I'm a big Danny Kaye fan, and like the 1947 movie very much…but it isn't the same as the story at its heart.
There were radio adaptations (including one with Danny Kaye), and stage productions (it was part of A Thurber Carnival), but geeks may fondly (?) remember the 1975 live action/cartoon combo, The Secret Lives of Waldo Kitty.
I enjoyed this odd 1975 Filmation production. There were live action pet cats and dogs, and one of them, Waldo Kitty, would have pop culture parody daydreams, which were done in animation. Waldo might become "Catzan" (Tarzan), or Captain Herc of the starship Second-Prize (a Star Trek parody), or several others. Like the 1947 movie, these fantasies actually helped Waldo deal with real world challenges.
Reportedly, it was challenged by the Thurber estate, and became a one-season wonder.
Now (releasing on December 25 2013 in the USA), Ben Stiller is doing a new version (starring and directing). While I haven't seen it yet, it appears to be taking more of the approach of the 1947 movie than the story.
Certainly, it's reasonable that you would have more character development in a movie than in a short story. I'll be interested to see how this is…I've been hearing some good things about it.
One other thing: there was a TV series called My World and Welcome to It, based on Thurber's writings, and starring geek-friendly William Windom. It wasn't specifically Walter Mitty, though, although a fantasy life was certainly a part of this show (which many remember fondly).
Update: here is a link to the original story
James Thurber: Writings & Drawings (including The Secret Life of Walter Mitty) (The Library of America) (at AmazonSmile…benefit a non-profit by shopping*)
1947 Danny Kaye version (at AmazonSmile)
A Thurber Carnival (original cast recording) (at AmazonSmile)
The Secret Lives of Waldo Kitty (VHS: currently not available) (at AmazonSmile)
2013 version at IMDb
2013 version official site
* I am linking to the same thing at the regular Amazon site, and at AmazonSmile. When you shop at AmazonSmile, half a percent of your purchase price on eligible items goes to a non-profit you choose. It will feel just like shopping at Amazon: you'll be using your same account. The one thing for you that is different is that you pick a non-profit the first time you go (which you can change whenever you want)…and the good feeling you'll get. Shop 'til you help! You can also support a non-profit you or another geek (if you are gifting something) would appreciate…one of the ones listed here, perhaps: Weird & geeky groups you can support by shopping at AmazonSmile.
Posted in Books, Movies, Pop Culture, Radio, Theatre | 1 Comment »
Websites for Geeky Gifts
Okay, sure…it's getting easier to find geeky gifts in regular stores. After all, most of the most popular movies and most talked-about TV shows are geek friendly nowadays.
Still, a lot of geeks pride themselves on being out of the mainstream. You really want to find something for them that you didn't just walk past on the 40% off table at JC Penney. 😉
This guide is to suggest some places you can look for those out of the ordinary gifts with geek cred.
Surprisingly, one of the first places you might want to try (for convenience's sake, if nothing else), is
Amazon's Geek Boutique
Amazon's Geek Boutique at AmazonSmile…support a non-profit of your choice by shopping*
Books, videos, apps, music (nerdcore as a category!), shirts, watches, mugs, comics, giant wall stickers…all curated for geekiness! They even have signed collectibles and rarities. Sure, a
Rare, motorized, special effects Tribble used in the classic Star Trek original series episode "The Trouble With Tribbles"
at AmazonSmile
will set you back about $10,000 (not including $200 shipping), but would anybody ever top that gift? They have a lot less expensive things, too.
Amazon also has items from some of the other sites we are going to list: they know that it makes sense to sell them through Amazon.
One other big thing about shopping at Amazon: wish lists. As geeks, we know: our choices can often be inscrutable to non-geeks…sometimes, even to other geeks. 😉 To the average person, it might seem like the same person who likes Dracula should like Twilight: they both have vampires in them, right? 😉 Let's just say that to some geeks, versions are important. They might love a TV show and hate the movie version…or vice versa.
Users maintain Amazon Wish Lists themselves. They put the right versions on there, the ones they really want. They can send you a link, or you can search for Wish Lists (if they are public) here:
Amazon Wish Lists
@AmazonSmile
Getting beyond Amazon, there are a lot of choices. While the ones we list should be safe to use, they certainly may not have the same shipping and return policies as Amazon or other big e-tailers. Do take a look at those: if the site is on another continent, you may not get it as quickly as you like. Also, there may be Cyber Monday sales (especially free shipping), but they might have limitations.
If there is one site to rule them all for geek gifts, it's
http://www.thinkgeek.com/
Not only is their geek cred solidly in place, they have hundreds of exclusives…and a clearance section. The one negative here is that an informed geek is likely to be visiting the site, so it's a bit tougher to really surprise them (but, you know, it's always hard to surprise a geek…unless it has to do with human behavior). 😉
Many ThinkGeek items are available at Amazon.
Last Exit to Nowhere
http://www.lastexittonowhere.com/
We love a stealth geek t-shirt!
That's a shirt with a geek tie-in which isn't obvious to a mainstreamer. LEtN has some of the absolute best. They tend to take brands and organizations from geek movies and create realistic looking t-shirts from them. You can search by movie, so if you know somebody's favorite movie is Big Trouble in Little China, but have no idea what its about, you can still get an insider joke t-shirt for them.
http://www.sideshowtoy.com/
They may have "toy" in their domain name, but make no mistake: these are super high quality works of art. There are some things under $100, but you can pay a lot more than that. They have exclusives, and some sale items. They also have payment plans, and a points system. Unless the geek on your list is that Bill Gates/Tony Stark sort of billionaire geek, it won't matter if they've heard of this place or not…they probably haven't bought what they really wanted.
Wicked Cool Stuff
http://www.wickedcoolstuff.com/
From a Han Solo bobblehead to a Captain Jack Sparrow paperweight, Wicked Cool Stuff has lots of very affordable geek gifts.
https://forbiddenplanet.com/
Not surprisingly, this British site has some of the best Doctor Who merchandise.
Super Hero Stuff
http://www.superherostuff.com/
An incredible collection of superhero themed clothing may be the main reason to come here (Captain America socks…with wings!), but there are a lot of other good choices, from a Green Lantern dog collar to a Big Bang Theory ice cube tray.
http://www.entertainmentearth.com/
A really huge collection of items, often at affordable prices. This is the superstore. Check out their "Just 1 Left" section. They also do bestsellers in lots of categories, making it a bit easier for you. If you already understand your geek's passions, this place will have what you want. You can also call them for help.
Dude!!! I Want That
http://www.dudeiwantthat.com/gift-guides/gifts-for-geeks.asp
How do I put this? Um…Skymall…if you were flying in Wonder Woman's invisible jet. 😉 These are things where you are going to say, "They make that?" Let me just say these three words (okay, one of them is hyphenated): "Gas-powered LED Wings"! Wait, I can't stop there…"Handmade Guinea Pig Armor"…for $24,300!
Snorg Tees
http://www.snorgtees.com/t-shirts/geek-nerd
These are clever and cartoony…people may have to look twice. I mean, if you chuckle at a t-shirt that says, "May the mass times acceleration be with you", you can find great gifts here.
Brooklyn Superhero Supply Company
http://www.superherosupplies.com/
Shop like a superhero! Seriously, check this one out…where else can you buy omnipotence by the gallon?
Well, there are 10 (unless you are using binary…then there are 1010) sites for you (plus Amazon)! Go ahead…make a geek's holiday!
* I am linking to the same thing at the regular Amazon site, and at AmazonSmile. When you shop at AmazonSmile, half a percent of your purchase price on eligible items goes to a non-profit you choose. It will feel just like shopping at Amazon: you'll be using your same account. The one thing for you that is different is that you pick a non-profit the first time you go (which you can change whenever you want)…and the good feeling you'll get. Shop 'til you help! You can also tell your geek that part of the gift went to support a non-profit they'd appreciate…one of the ones listed here, perhaps: Weird & geeky groups you can support by shopping at AmazonSmile
Posted in Gift ideas | Leave a Comment »


text:
Margaret 'Molly' Leigh (1685–March 1748) was an English property owner in the Staffordshire town of Burslem who, in her will, left substantial sums to charity. She was also accused of witchcraft, and, after her death, her grave was disturbed following claims she was haunting the town.

Life
Margaret Leigh was born in 1685 in a cottage at Jackfield on the edge of the moors at Burslem (now one of the towns of Stoke-on-Trent) in Staffordshire. She was reputedly a solitary character who made a living selling milk from her herd of cows to travellers and passers-by. Described as ugly - possibly disfigured through smallpox - and with a quick temper, she was an eccentric person who kept a pet blackbird or jackdaw. The bird often sat on her shoulder when she brought milk into Burslem to sell to the dairy.

Some Burslem people were suspicious of her. This was not surprising as, throughout the country, women, particularly ugly or elderly women, who lived on their own in remote places were often labelled as witches. In Leigh's case it was the local parson, Rev. Thomas Spencer, rector of St John's Church, who made the accusation. He claimed that Leigh sent her blackbird to sit on the sign of the Turk's Head pub that the parson frequented, and that the bird's presence was responsible for turning the beer sour. Leigh was also blamed for other ailments suffered by the townsfolk.

Leigh died in March 1748 and was buried on 1 April 1748 in the churchyard of St John's. After claims that her ghost haunted the town, it is said Spencer—along with clerics from Stoke, Wolstanton, and Newcastle-under-Lyme—exhumed her body, opened the coffin, and threw in the still-living blackbird that had been her companion. They then reburied Molly in a north to south direction, at a right angle to all the other graves in the churchyard.

Legacy
Leigh ran a successful business and in her will left substantial sums to relatives including her mother, Sarah Booth, who received the rent and profits from Jackfield. A friend, Alice Beech, who lived on land at Wall Flatt, owned by Leigh, witnessed the will, dated 21 March 1748, and was given Wall Flatt after Leigh died. Her will also included land at Newbold Astbury, near Congleton, and gold mourning rings for all her surviving relatives.

Leigh's will provided for 20 shillings to be paid to Alice Beech every year, and then to her descendents after her death. This cash would be used to buy bread to feed the "poor inhabitants and widows of Sneyd and Burslem." After her mother, aunt and cousins died, Leigh instructed her executors, including Joseph Lovatt of Penkhull, that all her land and tenements – apart from Wall Flatt – should be sold and the profits used to build "a hospital in Burslem for the reception and habitation of ... poor women" and to provide food and clothing for these "poor women of the Parish". There is, however, no evidence that such a hospital was built.

Historians believe Leigh earned Spencer's enmity for refusing to contribute to the church's upkeep while he spent too much time drinking: "Molly was a very religious woman and she did support her church. She was, really, a decent person." Her association with Lovatt was said to "immediately destroy any possibility whatsoever of her being a 'witch' or of low standing in society".

Mythology
There are stories that her ghost appeared to walk the streets of Burslem apologising for her sins. Further stories claim that her spirit was exorcised by a group of several priests and that while it was successful, some of them died in the process. Some claim that if one skips around her grave three times chanting the mantra "Molly Leigh, Molly Leigh, Chase me around the apple tree," her spirit will return.

Popular culture
The 20th-century witch Sybil Leek claimed to be a descendant of Leigh's, and took to keeping a jackdaw, named Mr Hotfoot Jackson, around with her, as Leigh had done.

The story of Molly Leigh inspired a feature film, Molly Crows, by Flashgun Films, filmed in the Stoke area in 2012 and distributed through Distrify via Facebook in 2014. The film plot involves the spirit of Molly returning to wreak revenge upon the descendants of those who wronged her. It won Best Drama at Portobello Film Festival in 2013. Molly Crows is now available to watch in full on YouTube.

The story of Molly Leigh is featured in the finale of the Alton Towers' Dungeon attraction. The story is told to guests in a dark atmospheric room before inanimate objects begin to move and the guests encounter Molly herself.

Local Staffordshire band Mercia wrote a song about her story, entitled "Molly Leigh (As the Crow Flies)", released in 2021.

References

People from Burslem
1685 births
1748 deaths

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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