When I was younger, my mom and I ended almost every Saturday shopping. We spent the mornings cleaning and straightening the house. Then, after lunch, my brother and dad would do whatever guys do, but my mom and I would hit the stores. Sure, most of it was running errands and getting groceries, but we usually made a runt o the mall as well. Perhaps it is because I associate it with happy memories of spending "girl time" with my mom, but I have always enjoyed shopping. There are certainly frustrations like crowds and price tags, but I still relish a good shopping trip from time to time, so today's topic for Tuesday Ten is lots of fun for me!
If you had a $10,000 to spend on anything you want, in what ten stores would you choose to spend you cash?
Target - Over the course of a year, I wouldn't be surprised if I actually do spend $10,000 (or more) in Target!!!!! However, if I had a big chunk of "free money," I wouldn't spend it on the things I usually buy at Target like shampoo and coffee. Instead, I would head to the home section and buy somethings to spruce up the house. I would probably also head over to the electronics department and grab up some iPhone accessories and such.
Pier 1 - I am NOT a decorator, but I can go in Pier 1 and get somethings that add a little pizazz to our house without much effort and, since a lot of it is on display, it doesn't take an interior designer to figure out how to use it.
Loft - I haven't found much in this store this season, but usually I do.
White House Black Market - I pretty much love everything they ever put on the mannequins in the store window. I have bought a couple things there before, but it is pretty pricey and would take some serious "spare change" to really take full advantage of that store.
Talbots - Ditto what I said about WHBM.
Soma - I discovered Soma about a year ago. I like to call it "Victoria's secret for grown ups." Of course, they have the usual undergarments, but they also have the most comfortable pajamas on the face of the planet.
Coach or Michael Kors - I want one of those bags but simply cannot bring myself to spend $300+ on a purse. If I had $10,000 though . . . . . . . .
DSW Shoes - Because a girls can NEVER have too many shoes!
Schiffman's - This is a local jewelry store. Truthfully, $10,000 probably wouldn't really go very far in there!!!!
Bed bath and Beyond - I would buy placemats, sheets, a new comforter for our bed, and every little kitchen gizmo or gadget you can imagine!
Can I tell you a secret? David would probably be terrified if he knew how easy it was for me to come up with this list and spend my imaginary 10 grand in my head!
Oh, who am I kidding?!?! He knows exactly how quickly I could blow through that money and he could probably have written his list for me!!
If you had $10,000 "free money," what 10 stores would you choose?
In 2013, Rabia and I were both doing our own Tuesday Ten posts. Late that year, we decided to collaborate and turn it into a weekly link up! The first Tuesday Ten we co-hosted was published on January 7, 2014.
I'm so bad at shopping that I haven't even heard of half of those stores. This was a hard list for me to come up with because I just don't go shopping that often. Of course, if you gave me $10,000 and twisted my arm, I'd be sure to spend it all!!
I'm in the same boat as Rabia. Guess I'm not a real Shopper either - hadn't heard of a lot of the stores that you listed, Lisa ... but I'm glad you mentioned them and enlightened me. I'd love to find a Soma near me and spend some real cash on comfy pajamas.
I'm going to buy one soon. We actually have a Coach outlet that's only about 45 minutes away. Hopefully, I can find time to go soon!
The pajamas aren't what my husband would call exciting (wink, wink) but they are soooooooo comfortable!
I do a lot of window shopping at these stores because they are pretty pricey! I am not fashionable, either, but if I could afford these stores maybe I would be!
OMG, I love Soma! They are not inexpensive, but they are so worth it!
I totally agree with you Lisa. If I got $10,000 I would spend it on my kids & my home *(oh and bills)...i would be lucky if treat myself to a pedicure :) Great list! I would love to go shopping in America!


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HOT 100 SONGS OF 2007...
Adric on Tue Mar 31, 2015 7:25 am
1 "Irreplaceable" Beyoncé
2 "Umbrella" Rihanna feat. Jay-Z
3 "The Sweet Escape" Gwen Stefani feat. Akon
4 "Big Girls Don't Cry" Fergie
5 "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')" T-Pain feat. Yung Joc
6 "Before He Cheats" Carrie Underwood
7 "Hey There Delilah" Plain White T's
8 "I Wanna Love You" Akon feat. Snoop Dogg
9 "Say It Right" Nelly Furtado
10 "Glamorous" Fergie feat. Ludacris
11 "Don't Matter" Akon
12 "Girlfriend" Avril Lavigne
13 "Makes Me Wonder" Maroon 5
14 "Party Like a Rock Star" Shop Boyz
15 "Smack That" Akon feat. Eminem
16 "This Is Why I'm Hot" Mims
17 "It's Not Over" Daughtry
18 "The Way I Are" Timbaland feat. Keri Hilson
19 "Fergalicious" Fergie feat. will.i.am
20 "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" Soulja Boy Tell 'Em
21 "Give It to Me" Timbaland feat. Nelly Furtado & Justin Timberlake
22 "What Goes Around... Comes Around" Justin Timberlake
23 "Cupid's Chokehold" Gym Class Heroes feat. Patrick Stump
24 "How to Save a Life" The Fray
25 "Home" Daughtry
26 "My Love" Justin Timberlake feat. T.I.
27 "Stronger" KanYe West
28 "We Fly High" Jim Jones
29 "U + Ur Hand" P!nk
30 "Walk It Out" Unk
31 "Beautiful Girls" Sean Kingston
32 "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race" Fall Out Boy
33 "Bartender" T-Pain feat. Akon
34 "Pop, Lock & Drop It" Huey
35 "Runaway Love" Ludacris feat. Mary J. Blige
36 "Rockstar" Nickelback
37 "Thnks fr th Mmrs" Fall Out Boy
38 "What I've Done" Linkin Park
39 "Summer Love" Justin Timberlake
40 "You" Lloyd feat. Lil Wayne
41 "Wait for You" Elliott Yamin
42 "Last Night" Diddy feat. Keyshia Cole
43 "Make It Rain" Fat Joe feat. Lil Wayne
44 "Make Me Better" Fabolous feat. Ne-Yo
45 "Ice Box" Omarion feat. Timbaland
46 "Lips of an Angel" Hinder
47 "Waiting on the World to Change" John Mayer
48 "Lost Without U" Robin Thicke
49 "I'm a Flirt" R. Kelly/Bow Wow (feat. T.I. & T-Pain)
50 "If Everyone Cared" Nickelback
51 "Get It Shawty" Lloyd
52 "Face Down" The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus
53 "The Way I Live" Baby Boy Da Prince feat. Lil' Boosie
54 "Shortie Like Mine" Bow Wow feat. Chris Brown & Johntá Austin
55 "It Ends Tonight" The All-American Rejects
56 "A Bay Bay" Hurricane Chris
57 "Because of You" Ne-Yo
58 "I Tried" Bone Thugs-n-Harmony feat. Akon
59 "Welcome to the Black Parade" My Chemical Romance
60 "Shawty" Plies feat. T-Pain
61 "Chasing Cars" Snow Patrol
62 "Beautiful Liar" Beyoncé & Shakira
63 "SexyBack" Justin Timberlake feat. Timbaland
64 "Keep Holding On" Avril Lavigne
65 "Let It Go" Keyshia Cole feat. Missy Elliott & Lil' Kim
66 "Apologize" Timbaland feat. OneRepublic
67 "Bubbly" Colbie Caillat
68 "Like a Boy" Ciara
69 "Who Knew" P!nk
70 "Never Again" Kelly Clarkson
71 "Promise" Ciara
72 "Bed" J. Holiday
73 "Throw Some D's" Rich Boy feat. Polow da Don
74 "Rehab" Amy Winehouse
75 "Big Things Poppin' (Do It)" T.I.
76 "No One" Alicia Keys
77 "The Great Escape" Boys Like Girls
78 "2 Step" Unk
79 "Walk Away (Remember Me)" Paula DeAnda feat. The D.E.Y.
80 "Go Getta" Young Jeezy feat. R. Kelly
81 "Here (In Your Arms)" Hellogoodbye
82 "On the Hotline" Pretty Ricky
83 "Wind It Up" Gwen Stefani
84 "Cyclone" Baby Bash feat. T-Pain
85 "Break It Off" Rihanna feat. Sean Paul
86 "First Time" Lifehouse
87 "Ayo Technology" 50 Cent feat. Justin Timberlake & Timbaland
88 "Outta My System" Bow Wow feat. T-Pain and Johnta Austin
89 "Teardrops on My Guitar" Taylor Swift
90 "Shut Up and Drive" Rihanna
91 "Snow ((Hey Oh))" Red Hot Chili Peppers
92 "Money Maker" Ludacris feat. Pharrell
93 "Kiss Kiss" Chris Brown feat. T-Pain
94 "Far Away" Nickelback
95 "Rock Yo Hips" Crime Mob feat. Lil' Scrappy
96 "LoveStoned" Justin Timberlake
97 "Better than Me" Hinder
98 "Paralyzer" Finger Eleven
99 "That's That" Snoop Dogg feat. R. Kelly
100 "Same Girl" R. Kelly w/ Usher

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Berthelinia schlumbergeri is een slakkensoort uit de familie van de Juliidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1895 door Dautzenberg.

Juliidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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CHECK OUT OUR STAFF
PASTOR NATHAN
Pastor Nathan, his wife Trish, and a few families founded Cornerstone Family Church in 1988. Nathan received a Master of Divinity degree from Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary and has served as youth pastor and senior pastor prior to founding Cornerstone.
Among the many responsibilities Nathan performs as senior pastor, he most enjoys seeing people come to know Jesus and grow in their faith.
Nathan has also been known to take pleasure in hunting, fishing, and scuba diving. Family is important to Nathan and he enjoys spending time with his two grown children and takes special pleasure in spoiling his grandchildren.
PASTOR TODD
EXECUTIVE PASTOR
Pastor Todd and his wife Melissa began attending Cornerstone Family in 2004 and Todd came on staff in 2007. Prior to coming on staff at Cornerstone, Todd gained extensive experience in retail management.
As Assimilation Pastor, Todd helps people find their right next step of faith. A big part of this requires a key aspect of discipleship which is the small group experience.
Because the small group environment is so effective in moving Christians forward spiritually, Todd also serves as Groups Pastor.
Todd's favorite thing about ministry at Cornerstone is helping people get connected into community. Todd also enjoys watching his kids play sports and date nights with his wife.
PASTOR HAL
MARRIAGE / SPIRITUAL LIFE PASTOR
Pastor Hal and his wife Darlene began attending Cornerstone Family in 2008. Hal came on staff in 2009. Hal received a Bachelor of Arts in Biblical Education and Pastoral Studies from Florida Bible College. As Spiritual Life Pastor at Cornerstone, Hal is responsible for developing and implementing strategies for adult spiritual growth.
Hal oversees Cornerstone Family's Marriage Ministry. He facilitates a premarital program, offers couples marital coaching, and facilitates marriage workshops and conferences. Hal also oversees Cornerstone's building program and serves as Project Coordinator.
Out of all of the things Hal experiences at Cornerstone, he most enjoys seeing people become Jesus followers and copy Christ's ways for doing life. In his spare time, Hal enjoys relaxing with his wife in their back yard and watching movies with their son and daughter.
PASTOR MARSHALL
WORSHIP / CREATIVE ARTS PASTOR
Pastor Marshall and Tammy have been members of Cornerstone Family Church since 1996. They have a son, Tanner who attends medical school in North Carolina, and a daughter, Maylei who is a senior at UCF and an instrumentalist on the Cornerstone Family Praise Team.
Marshall started his ministry as a Praise Band member. In 2006, he entered full-time ministry to serve four years as Music Pastor at a church in Liberty, Texas. In 2010, Marshall returned to Florida to serve at Cornerstone Family Church.
Gospel music is Marshall's passion. He loves to help people get to know God through song. He composes music and writes a "worship leader" web-blog.
In 2018, Marshall released his first inspirational CD titled, "Cornerstone Sessions." He is currently at work on a second "worship-focused" CD project.
PASTOR JOE
CARE PASTOR
Pastor Joe and his wife Leigh Anne began attending Cornerstone Family Church in 2008 and Joe began serving as an elder in 2011. Joe completed his studies to receive a Bachelor of Arts in Biblical Studies from Louisiana Baptist University.
Prior to Cornerstone, Joe served as Associate Pastor at a local church in Kissimmee. After completing his service as an elder, Joe complimented the pastoral staff as the Community Care Pastor.
Joe loves to see life change in people driven by a growing relationship with Jesus Christ. Serving as Care Pastor and Upward Soccer Director, Joe sees life change on a regular basis. Joe also enjoys running, biking, deer hunting, and spending time with family.
PASTOR ALLEN
FAMILY LIFE PASTOR
Pastor Allen and Christine came to Cornerstone in 1994 when Allen began serving as the Children's Pastor until 2007. Between 2007 and 2020, Allen gained additional experience in Preschool, Children, Student and Family Ministry. This path led him back home to Cornerstone in 2020 to serve as the Family Life Pastor.
Allen has a Bachelor of Arts in Business Management from Palm Beach Atlantic University and a Master of Arts in Biblical Studies from Reformed Theological Seminary.
Family has always been Allen's passion, starting with his own wife, children and grandchildren. This passion flows into ministry where his desire is to see all families grow together in the Lord. He believes in partnering with parents, so that together we can guide our kids into spiritual maturity.
In his spare time, he loves spending time with family, spoiling the grandkids, a good movie and walks on the beach with Christine.
ZACH EVANS
STUDENT MINISTRY COORDINATOR
Zach and his wife Tyne joined the staff of Cornerstone Family Church late Spring 2021 while completing his Bachelor of Arts degree in Interdisciplinary Ministries (Biblical Studies & Counseling).
Zach plans on pursuing his Masters of Ministry degree in the fall of 2021. Zach has worked in student ministry for a little over 3 years and says he can't imagine doing anything else with his life.
Beyond hanging out with the students he is ministering to, Zach also enjoys spending time with his family. Zach enjoys reading, listening to music, and the occasional Netflix and TikTok binge session.
Zach wants Cornerstone Family to know that he is happy to be here and is always open to a good conversation.


text:
Iridomyrmex discors — вид мелких муравьёв (Formicidae) из подсемейства .

Распространение
Австралия. Встречается во всех штатах, кроме Тасмании, но главным образом в южной половине материка. Обитают на рыхлых песчаных почвах, а также на обочинах дорог в городах.

Описание
Муравьи мелкого размера (менее 5 мм). Длина головы (HL) от 1,12 до 1,56 мм; ширина головы (HW) от 1,09 до 1,63 мм, длина скапуса усика (SL) от 1,01 до 1,29 мм. Основная окраска от оранжевой до красновато-коричневой, ноги коричневые, брюшко до почти чёрного. Отстоящие волоски светло-жёлтые. Заданий край головы со слабой выемкой и остоящими волосками; бока головы выпуклые; на боках головы есть отстоящие волоски. Глаза расположены примерно по средней линии головы. Оцеллии отсутствуют. Усики самок и рабочих 12-члениковые (у самцов антенны состоят из 13 сегментов). Нижнечелюстные щупики 6-члениковые, нижнегубные щупики состоят из 4 сегментов. Голени средних и задних ног с одной апикальной шпорой.
Стебелёк между грудкой и брюшком состоит из одного сегмента (петиоль). Хищники и сборщик мёртвых членистоногих. Зрелые муравейники имеют несколько входных отверстий. Муравьи ведут себя агрессивно, как и родственные им, но более крупные мясные муравьи, и в случае повреждения гнезда, набрасываются на врага и кусают его.
Вид был впервые описан в 1902 году швейцарским мирмекологом профессором Огюстом Форелем (Швейцария). Близок к виду , вместе с которым образует видовую группу Iridomyrmex discors Species-group. Описанные в качестве подвидов и вариететов таксоны  и  позднее были сведены в синонимы к Iridomyrmex discors (Shattuck, 1996: 39).

Примечания

Литература
 Bolton B. (2003). Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. — Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 1-370.
 Heterick, B.E. & Shattuck, S.O. 2011. Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). — Zootaxa 2845: 1-175.
 Shattuck, S. O. 1996. Revision of the Iridomyrmex discors species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). — Australian Journal of Entomology. 35: 37-42.

Ссылки
 Australian Ants Online
 Iridomyrmex discors на сайте www.biolib.cz
 Iridomyrmex discors на сайте www.eol.org

Долиходерины
Насекомые Австралии
Животные, описанные в 1902 году
Эндемики Австралии
Таксоны, описанные Огюстом Форелем


text:
Wreaths Across America established the Veterans Remembrance Tree Program as another way to remember and honor our veterans. As Gold Star families visited the land in Columbia Falls, Maine, where the balsam tips are harvested each year to be made into the wreaths that are place on veteran's graves, they found a sense of peace and tranquility from the land. The Remembrance Tree Program gives them a living memorial to their loved one.
Each family can contact us and give information on their loved one. Our dog tag machine allows the families of the veteran to customize their message for the tag. The family is taken out to the balsam tip land to find a tree that will become their living memorial to their loved one, where they can place the tag on the trunk of an evergreen tree of their choosing. The trees are kept in production and their balsam tips are harvested every three years and made in veteran's wreaths that are placed each December.
"We created the Veteran Remembrance Tree Program because we wanted to find a way to recognize veterans and their families in a more permanent way," explains Karen Worcester, Executive Director of Wreaths Across America. "This endless forest is a truly visual representation of our unwavering commitment to our mission to Remember, Honor and Teach and to recognize our veterans and families this year and for many years to come."
It is FREE to participate in this program.
This program is open to all families who have had a loved one in the military.
For more information please call : 1-877-385-9504
Email : dogtags@wreathsacrossamerica.org
Dedicate a living memorial for a veteran who has passed.
Complete the form below to have a dog tag created and attached to a Veteran's Remembrance Tree honoring a loved one. These trees produce the balsam tips which are used in making the wreaths that are placed on veterans' gravestones during the Wreaths Across America Ceremonies held each December. If you are unable to join us in person, we can place the tag for you and email a photo of your tag. Tags will be placed on a first come, first serve basis.
Please keep your submission limited to 5 lines with 15 characters per line (including spaces and punctuation).
The Remembrance Tree Program is FREE but donations are welcome. For more information please call: 1-877-385-9504
Veteran's Remembrance Tree Request Form
The Remembrance Tree Program is FREE and open to all families who have or have had a loved one in the military. If you would like to make a donation to support this valuable program, please click the button below, which will direct you to our store.
Support this Program


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 Home > Diabetic self-management | diabetic neuropathy is the most common
Diabetic self-management | diabetic neuropathy is the most common
With the process of urbanization and the change of lifestyle in China, the incidence of diabetes in recent years has remained high, and there are a large number of pre-diabetic patients, which has brought tremendous physical and mental pain and economic burden to patients and families. This year's report on the work of the two sessions of the CPPCC and CPPCC proposed that chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension should be included in the coverage of medical insurance reimbursement, thus reducing the financial burden of patients. However, the effective treatment and control of chronic diseases such as diabetes can not be separated from patients'self-discipline and self-health management to a large extent. To this end, we invite Professor Xu Zhangrong, the chief physician of the Diabetes Center of the Strategic Support Force Special Medical Center, to attend the Health Care Hall and launch a series of lectures on Diabetes Self-Health Management. Next, we invite you to listen to the 10th volume of the lecture series, Foot Coolness, Foot Anesthesia, Acupuncture Pain, Diabetic Neuropathy is the most common.
Xu Zhangrong, chief physician and professor of Diabetes Center, Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center. He is also a member of the National Committee of Cardiovascular Experts, a member of the Expert Group on Public Health Services of the National Health Commission, an advisor to the Diabetes Foot and Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group of the Diabetes Society of the Chinese Medical Association, a supervisor of the Asian Diabetes Society, an editor-in-chief of 11 journals such as the Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Chinese Journal of Diabetes and the editor-in-chief of the Journ Vice-Editor of Chinese Journal of Geriatric Multiple Organ Diseases and Vice-Editor of Chinese General Medicine. He was a member of the Committee of Experts on the Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases of the Ministry of Health, a member and Deputy Secretary-General of the Diabetes Society of the Chinese Medical Association, a member of the Endocrinological Society and a vice-chairman of the Diabetes Group, and an editor of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. He has won more than 10 awards such as the first prize of national scientific and technological progress. He has published more than 370 papers, edited 29 professional reference books on diabetes and endocrine. Enjoy special government allowances issued by the State Council. Is there any regularity in the occurrence of complications of diabetes mellitus? What kind of complications are the most common? Which kind of complications is the most dangerous? It is very important to monitor the complications of diabetes mellitus and it is hoped that every newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient will be evaluated for the complications. Many patients do not know when they get diabetes, because of other diseases, the examination process only found that they have diabetes, precisely because of the hidden nature of diabetes, so it is recommended that patients once diagnosed with diabetes should be timely assessment of complications. The most common complication of diabetes mellitus is peripheral neuropathy. About 60% to 70% of diabetic patients have peripheral neuropathy. The prevalence of neuropathy depends on the sensitivity and specificity of the examination methods. The more sensitive the examination methods are, the higher the detection rate is. Some patients suffer from lower limb pain, numbness and other discomforts, and some patients suffer from sensation retardation or disappearance, while the latter can cause many problems, such as feet do not feel, wearing shoes at an inappropriate time can lead to ulcers, serious infection can occur after needling, and eventually develop into diabetic foot ulcers, or even foot gangrene. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy can lead to loss of heart sensation, and patients may manifest painless myocardial infarction, or even sudden death. Therefore, it is suggested that all diabetic patients should undergo standard electrocardiogram (ECG) examination and further examination according to the strength of cardiovascular risk factors.
The longer the course of diabetes mellitus, the greater the risk of fundus lesions. The probability of fundus lesions is only 10% - 20% in patients with 5-year course, and 90% in patients with 20-year course, and the severity of the lesions varies. Long-term fundus diseases can lead to visual impairment or even blindness. Diabetes mellitus has become the primary cause of blindness in many countries. At present, it is the second cause in China. Timely detection of fundus lesions can help us to do the following: First, if newly diagnosed diabetic patients find fundus lesions, suggesting that patients have at least 5 years of history of diabetes, at this time we should pay attention to it. Secondly, fundus diseases of diabetes mellitus can help differential diagnosis. Diabetic patients with hypertension often have proteinuria. At this time, if patients have fundus lesions, then it may be speculated that proteinuria is related to diabetes. If there is no problem with fundus, proteinuria is very serious. At this time, it is speculated that the relationship between proteinuria and hypertension is larger. Third, fundus lesions can be treated, so that early detection, early treatment, visual rescue, to avoid blindness. Screening for renal lesions is also important. Many diabetic patients have albuminuria, which is more likely to occur in patients with hypertension. Early proteinuria is reversible, especially early exercise-type proteinuria, occult proteinuria, microalbuminuria. If blood sugar and blood pressure are controlled well and regular living habits such as reasonable diet and exercise are added, early proteinuria can return to normal. Although late stage can not return to normal, but through treatment can delay the progress towards uremic stage. Proteinuria is like an alarm. Patients with proteinuria need to carefully and comprehensively control risk factors, especially blood sugar and blood pressure.
Diabetes self-management | loose teeth, be alert to your high blood sugar
Blood Pressure Drug Verapamil May Help Type 1 Diabetics


When you cannot find the example reference you need in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, choose the example that is most like your source and follow that format. Sometimes you will need to combine elements of more than one reference format.
In general, a reference should contain four elements, which you can remember as the four W's: author name ("who"), date of publication ("when"), title of the work ("what"), and publication data ("where"). This is the basic principle behind all APA Style references.
The following series of posts culled from the APA Style archives will take you through the process, and you will be solving your own reference conundrums in no time.
Finally, for an ongoing look at all reference-related posts on the Blog, check out our References category.
Irene on I can't find the example reference I need in the Publication Manual. What should I do?
Chelsea Lee on I can't find the example reference I need in the Publication Manual. What should I do?
Rachel Pfister on I can't find the example reference I need in the Publication Manual. What should I do?
Cassar Bonanno on I can't find the example reference I need in the Publication Manual. What should I do?
Holly Jacobs on I can't find the example reference I need in the Publication Manual. What should I do?


text:
Q: Swift typealias and casting odd behavior I have such typealias
typealias FormField = UIView & Validatable

I consider it as FormField is UIView type that conforms additonally to Validatable
But when I do type casting objects pulled from array to this FormField type or check with is operator it returns is castable (returns true) for object that is not UIView

po formFields[fieldId] is FormField
      true

where
var formFields : [FieldId: ValidatableField] { get set }

and here is
typealias ValidatableField = AnyObject & Validatable

So in array I have any objects conforming to Validatable and now I want to cast to UIView conforming to Validatable and this casting works even for object types that are not UIView!
At the and I need to make such code:
func formField(with id: FieldId) -> FormField? {
        let field = formFields[id]
        if field is UIView {
            return field as? FormField
        }
        return nil
    }

Instead of simple oneliner:
func formField(with id: FieldId) -> FormField? {
         return formFields[id] as? FormField
 }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Category Archives: Agriculture
Promoting Small Drone Mapping
We are always glad to take on opportunities for the promotion of small drone mapping. What better way to do that than by helping with training and education of progressively thinking young land surveyors and mappers? When the Department of Geomatics of the University of Florida recently approached us for assistance in the teaching of their certificate course on UAV mapping, we volunteered to demonstrate our automated image acquisition procedure. We realize that a lot still has to be done to convince sceptic professionals that small drone mapping is a robust, reliable, accurate and extremely efficient approach to bring just-in-time actionable geo-spatial information to the desks of decision makers such as engineers, environmentalists and farmers.
Getting approval to conduct the flights over a suitable site on University property proved to be a frustrating exercise. So we decided to turn to the private sector for a more practical and timely solution and promptly received spontaneous approval from Mr. and Mrs. Larry Rogers, the owners of Rogers Farm. They kindly allowed us to conduct the field exercise on and over their land some 10 miles out of town.
Mr. Larry Rogers of Rogers Farm and Oliver Volkmann of drone2GIS Inc.
For this exercise it was decided to use ground control points (GCPs) for accurate geo-referencing of the models and maps produced from aerial images using the professional version of the Structure from Motion (SfM) Photoscan program.
Dr. Barnes using the V-Map System to accurately survey ground control points (GCPs)
The images were acquired with our customized mapping copter, the MAP-M4, designed, assembled, configured and tuned by our sister company Micro Aerial Projects L.L.C. (www.microaerialprojects.com).
http://drone2gis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/MAP-M4-TOLD.mp4
The students used a copy of the aerial images to produce project posters illustrating various facets of high resolution drone mapping. We ourselves will be using these high resolution images to investigate the use of the imagery to estimate strawberry yields.
Geomatics Students observing the action
Looking at the "hot of the press" aerial images for initial quality control
Strawberry Fields from the air…
GSD 8mm
To return the favor of letting us fly over their property we produced a 3D model of a corn field maze which Rogers Farm annually prepares for their Octoberfest each year. So please do not be tempted to do the maze virtually – rather consult http://rogersfarm.webplus.net/page10.html and get some fresh air by visiting Rogers Farm during their Octoberfest from October 3rd through November 1st 2015.
Rogers Farm Corn Maze 2015
The Mapping Revolution – Bringing the real world, to your desk!
drone2GIS Inc. is currently at the 60th Annual General Meeting of the Florida Surveying and Mapping Society (FSMS) in Naples Florida showcasing the revolutionary mapping capabilities of small unmanned aerial systems (drones) and Structure from Motion (SfM) processing software. With over 63 combined years of experience in general surveying, mapping and GIS as well as a combined 10 years of experience using UAVs for mapping, drone2GIS is your choice for high quality geospatial products.
In addition to showcasing our services, we are representing Micro Aerial Projects L.L.C. distributorship of the V-map System as well as the Bateleur Fixed Wing mapping UAV from Aeromapix. If you are in the area, feel free to come visit us at Booth 3 at the Naples Grande Beach Resort and Convention Center today, July 30th 2015 from 3PM and all day on July 31th 2015. If you are unable to swing by to talk about our services and these fantastic products, feel free to contact us anytime! For a glimpse of our body of work, take a look at the following video:
For more videos, please visit our YouTube Channel!
Welcome to the new geospatial company on the block! Our experienced and highly qualified team is ready to bring you new and modern geospatial products. So whether you are a farmer, an earthworks contractor, a construction company, a mining operation, a utility company, a landscape or urban planner, an urban designer, a land developer, an architect, a civil or environmental engineer, a geologist, a forester, or an academic, contact us for your geospatial requirements.
Drone2GIS, when it has to be more than just maps!
The video below shows an example of our work in an agricultural setting:
Infrastructure & Asset Management
Road Surveying
Clever Surveyors use Drones!
When it comes to surveying a busy intersection, responsible surveyors think of accuracy, completeness and safety. The first two considerations, important as they are, are often the easy ones. Safety of your crews however, the primary concern, is always a challenge in conventional surveying. Apart from having to make time consuming and annoying arrangements for disruptive traffic management, Total Station and GNSS methods require that crews operate in dangerous places for extended periods of time.
BRING IN A SURVEY DRONE!
https://youtu.be/MmIkHOBqsZw
With a survey drone and appropriate geo-spatial expertise, you can get the job done without exposure of crews to dangerous motor traffic! Survey ground control points in places that are out of harm's way, acquire aerial imagery and do the rest in the safety and comfort of your office! Reduce your field presence by as much as 95% and yet come home with a complete field book.
Photoscan Professional, the leading Structure from Motion suite, is the tool to build point cloud, surface model and ortho-photo from the aerial images. We use Global Mapper to analyze terrain, vectorize features of interest and format and package the geo-spatial deliverables.
your partner for safe, efficient and accurate surveying of difficult and dangerous sites
Drone based Roof Inspections with UNPLANNED outcomes!
A short story of a roof inspection with UNPLANNED outcomes!
Written by Walter and Oliver Volkmann of Drone2GIS Inc. and Micro Aerial Projects LLC
We recently were asked to do aerial inspections of the roofs of some 70 newly constructed houses. The client requested a complete visual light photographic coverage of each roof with sufficient resolution to detect cracked or slipped concrete tiles. Here we share our experience on a drone based roof inspection project.
Manually Composed Aerial Image Acquisition with First Person View (FPV) Facility.
We went to the site with our Solo drone equipped with a GoPro Hero 3+ Black camera with a 5.4mm lens and diligently covered each roof by means of manually composing and capturing mainly oblique aerial images. We could complete the inspection of two houses per flight battery. After downloading the images, we bundled them into folders – one folder per house. Each image set had to contain one "index" image that clearly portrayed the house numbers which were displayed above the garage doors of the dwellings. This was the only identifier the client required in terms of "geo-referencing". Figure 1 below is an example of an index image, which, when displayed on an average sized screen shows the dwelling numbers in legible size.
Figure 1: The 'Index" photo in which the presumably unique house numbers, displayed above the garage doors, are captured.
The individual roof inspection images were carefully composed by means of "first person view" (FPV) – a facility which presents the drone operator with a real-time view of the scene as it is being captured by the on-board camera. To ensure completeness, a methodical sequence was followed in a flight that generally went around the roof in a counter-clockwise fashion. It took us two days to complete the field work and to package the deliverables. On the morning of the third day we hand-delivered the product to our client whose offices were located nearby.
Figure 2 below shows a few examples of the vertical and oblique images we manually captured with our Solo drone.
Figure 2: A selection of oblique and vertical images, all manually composed with the aid of first person viewing.
Given the complex design and considerable height of the roof profiles – the highest point of the roof being some 8.5m (almost 28 usft) above ground level – the inspection by air certainly saved considerable costs in time and money, and generally reduced the risk of injury and the potential for disturbance to the occupants. The survey was done with the permission of the occupants, hence concern for privacy was in this case not an issue to be considered in our operation.
Figure 3 below shows the most common defects, namely cracked or slipped roof tiles, identifiable on the manually composed aerial images. This level of detectability, as well as the speed and efficiency of our operation completely satisfied our client's expectations
Figure 3: The most common defects, cracked and slipped tiles, identifiable in the oblique, manually composed aerial imagery.
Notwithstanding our client's satisfaction with the manually conducted aerial roof inspection, we decided to also use this opportunity to test an alternative approach by covering the entire subdivision – i.e. all 70 houses – with vertical imagery from which to produce geo-spatial products such as an ortho-photo and a digital surface model.
Fully Automated Vertical Image Acquisition for Structure from Motion (SfM) modeling without Ground Control.
The SfM method of modeling the real world entails the use of overlapping aerial imagery (often also referred to as aerial stereo photography) and some means to geo-reference – i.e. place, scale and orient – the model correctly within a given spatial reference frame. To date the most common method of geo-referencing a model is the use of so-called Ground Control Points (GCPs). These are points which, through appropriate marking on the ground, are identifiable on the aerial images and whose spatial reference frame coordinates are known. Typically, some six to twelve evenly spaced GCPs would be used to geo-reference a project of this size. An alternative approach to the task of geo-referencing entails the use of Camera Exposure Positions (CEPs) instead of GCPs. In this approach a carrier phase capable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver is connected to the airborne camera to determine accurate coordinates of the camera at the precise moment of exposure. Since our survey copter is equipped with the V-Map system from Micro Aerial Projects , we chose to follow the latter of the two methods of geo-referencing our map. Although not necessary, we decided to also add to our tasks the provision of six check points – points which for all practical purposes are GCP's, but which instead for geo-referencing are used strictly for independent checking the accuracy of the model.
You will notice that we are using the word "model" whereas you may quite rightly have expected us to talk about maps. The reason for this vocabulary is to emphasize that the SfM process commences with the establishment of relative camera positions and a point cloud from which a three-dimensional digital surface model (DSM) is built. A digital ortho photo or SfM derived map, i.e. a flat visualization of the point cloud is just one of several geo-spatial products than can be derived from the model.
Figure 4 below shows a typical SfM work flow in which use is made of GCPS. Setting ground control points, the step marked in red, is the only task in the work flow requiring manual inputs. From a practical and an operational point of view, the most significant difference between using CEPs and GCPs is that the former can eliminate or at least reduce the amount of manual labor required in SfM mapping.
Figure 4: Structure from Motion Work Flow with the use of Ground Control Points
To ensure that our map was going to be usable in conjunction with other geo-spatial information, we decided to reference our map to the official State Plane Coordinate (SPC) System. For this purpose we had to establish a reference point. Hence the first thing we did in the field was to choose a suitable location for a reference point which we demarcated with a 6d nail. We made sure that the location was free of any obstructions to the sky so that our V-Map receiver, when installed over the point as reference station, would be able to receive un-obstructed signals from the GNSS satellites. The reference station was to serve three purposes:
Provide an accurate set of SPC coordinates for spatial reference relative to the official state plane coordinate system.
Provide reference station observations, which, in combination with the raw observations to be recorded by the roving, rod mounted V-Map receiver, would be used in a post processed kinematic (PPK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) survey to determine accurate SPC coordinates in all terrestrial surveys on this project.
Provide reference station observations, which in combination with the raw observations recorded by the roving, drone mounted V-Map receiver, would be used in a post processed kinematic (PPK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) survey to determine accurate SPC coordinates of each of the 622 camera exposure positions.
Before starting with any field measurements, we powered on our reference station so that it could observe and record raw dual frequency GPS observations during all the subsequent ground and air survey activities. Figure 5 shows the V-Map receiver installed over our base point as GNSS reference station.
Figure 5: The V-Map receiver being used as a dual frequency GPS reference station. (Note the survey copter can be seen to the left above the reference receiver
To assess the geometric quality of our work, we set and surveyed six check points. For this purpose, we used the same V-Map receiver that would later be used on the drone to capture camera exposure positions in the air. Figure 6 shows how the light weight equipment can be transported from point to point and how points are demarcated and surveyed "on the fly". In this application of PPK GNSS surveying the surveyor simply places the rod on the 6d nail at the center of the target, centers the rod bubble and takes a picture. There is no need for any extended occupation time in this type of surveying. To provide for some level of redundancy that could alert us to incorrect occupation, whether by human error or as a result of a bad rod bubble adjustment, we surveyed each point twice – each time with a different orientation of the bubble relative to the point to be surveyed. The check point survey procedure took us in this case less than half an hour to complete. Note that the reference station was actively recording reference observations during the entire duration of the check point survey. On completion of the check point survey we powered down both reference station and rover and downloaded the raw observations of both from their respective SD cards.
Figure 6: The V-Map receiver mounted on a standard survey rod for kinematic GNSS surveying of check points.
Next we used the open source program Mission Planner to design a flight path for our survey copter for the automatic acquisition of 622 vertically aligned aerial images with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 11mm, lateral overlap of 70% and forward overlap of 80%. To achieve these requirements with our Sony a6000 camera and 16mm fixed focal length, the flight altitude had to be 50m above ground level and the camera had to be triggered every 9.8 m. Figure 7 below shows our flight plan.
Figure 7: Flight Plan to acquire 622 overlapping aerial images from an altitude of 50m
After removing the roving V-Map receiver from the survey rod to the copter we could begin with the preparation of the automatic image acquisition flight by uploading the flight plan to the memory of the copter. Prior to launching our aerial image acquisition flight we powered on the reference station receiver and then we made sure that we were in full compliance with FAA regulations, that our flight plan was safe to execute (the power transmission line visible in Figure 8 below has a height of 30m) and that we had attended to each and every point on our check list. Figure 8 below shows our survey copter being launched on a fully automated image acquisition flight at 50m operational altitude.
Figure 8: Our PPK GNSS V-Map equipped copter being launched on an automatic 25-minute, 50 meter altitude, image acquisition flight.
Some 25 minutes later the copter landed in automatic mode. Now we downloaded the images on the SD card of the camera and the raw observations recorded on the SD cards of the reference station and air-borne V-Map rover respectively.
Packing up the base station and drone equipment completed the entire field work component of this mapping exercise. Figure 9 below shows some of our standard selection of field equipment. It consists of three interchangeable V-Map receivers (one to serve as reference station, one to serve as drone or rod mounted rover and the third one as spare), two survey copters, check lists, critical air frame spares, drone repair tools, a small laptop (with a matt screen!) to interface with the flight controller, two fully assembled APM-controlled survey copters, flight batteries for six 30-minute flights, two Sony a6000 cameras with 16mm fixed focal length lenses, spare SD cards for V-Map equipment and cameras, survey rods, tripods, flight batteries, shovel, hammer and survey point demarcation materials such as rebar rods, nails, spray paint and GCP targets. We strictly follow the "one is none, two is one" rule for all airborne components.
Figure 9: A view of the bed of our field crew vehicle.
Table 1 below shows the time it took to complete the various field tasks.
Table 1: Duration of Field Tasks
The last thing we did prior to departing the project site was to scan through the aerial images to make sure that their quality was acceptable.
The first thing we did back in the office was to obtain precise SPC coordinates for our reference station. We converted the two V-Map reference station raw observation files (one created during the check point survey and the other during the aerial image acquisition flight) to receiver independent exchange (RINEX) format and uploaded them to the On-Line User Positioning Service (OPUS), a free service made available to the American public by the National Geodetic Service (NGS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States. A few minutes after uploading the RINEX files, OPUS returned the reference station coordinates via e-mail. In addition to the coordinates, OPUS also reports the estimated errors. Table 2 below shows these estimated errors for each of the two sessions.
Table 2: Estimated Errors in the OPUS coordinates of the Reference Station
A comparison of the two sets of coordinates, shown in Table 3 below, confirms that the estimates provided by OPUS are realistic. Since the differences are well within prescribed limits for general mapping work, we adopted the average of the two solutions provided by OPUS as the final SPC.
Table 3: Differences in the coordinates as derived from the raw observations recorded during Sessions 1 and 2
Now that we had exact reference station coordinates we could start with the computation of the camera exposure positions. We used CamPos, a GNSS post processing workflow suite using components of the open source RTKLIB set of GNSS programs. The highly-automated process of computing camera exposure position coordinates with CamPos took some 10 minutes to complete. The final output from CamPos consists of a Google Earth compatible kml file displaying CEPs in color codes per GNSS solution type. Green symbols indicate optimum phase differential GNSS accuracy (i.e. integer ambiguities were fully resolved in the solution – so-called "fixed" solutions), orange symbols indicate so-called float solutions (integer ambiguities could not be fully resolved) and red symbols indicate autonomous "stand-alone" solutions. In addition to the kml file CamPos also produces a csv file containing the coordinates of CEPs together with accuracy attributes expressed in integers, the so-called Q-factor (Q for quality), ranging from 1 to 5; Q=1 indicating optimum accuracy based on a solution with fully resolved phase integer ambiguities, Q=2 indicating a float solution and Q=5 indicating an autonomous solution (i.e. the solution not differentially corrected with reference station observations at all). In our approach, we tag each CEP with a numerical value of the accuracy per Q factor. We assume an a-priori accuracy of 5cm for fixed solutions (Q=1). We attach a nominal a-priori accuracy of 10m for all other solutions (and we exclude these solutions from the constraint of any adjustments made to the camera alignment or point cloud). Table 4 below shows an extract of the CEP coordinate table which we use as input to the SfM process.
Table 4: CEP coordinate file for input to SfM
The Google Earth visualization of all 622 CEPs is shown in Figure 10 below. Note that seven of the CEP solutions turned out to be "float" and are thus shown in orange.
Figure 10: Visualization of CEPs in Google Earth (Green = accurate, Orange = approximate)
Once we had computed the CEP coordinates we could proceed with the SfM workflow. For this we use a program from Agisoft called Photoscan Professional. After importing the 623 aerial images and the CEPs we performed a high accuracy camera alignment and investigated the degree of correspondence between SfM aligned positions and V-Map results. Figure 11 below illustrates the comparison.
Figure 11: Correspondence between SfM camera alignment and V-Map derived CEP coordinates
The correspondence between SfM camera alignment and the V-Map derived CEP coordinates turned out to be remarkably good, thus confirming that our a priori accuracy estimate of 5cm for fixed CEP coordinate solutions was not at all too optimistic. It is interesting to note that there is a concentration of the largest discrepancies right over the middle of the retention pond. This observation confirms that the high degree of accuracy in the V-Map derived CEP coordinates is sufficient to expose the weakness in the SfM camera alignment over areas which lack texture – such as water bodies!
The next thing we did was to set up a batch process which would complete the entire SfM workflow without any human inputs. The tasks and corresponding processing times were as follows:
Summing up, the whole SfM process took a period of 16 hours 13 minutes and 32 seconds. We did this processing on a computer with configuration as shown in Table 5 below:
Table 5: Components of Computer used in SfM processing
Once the SfM processing was completed we had to edit the point cloud by removing outliers resulting from the lack of texture over water surfaces. Next we exported from Photoscan Professional a digital ortho photo with GSD of 11mm and a DSM with cell size 22mmx22mm, both in geo-referenced TIFF formats. This process takes about half an hour. The ortho photo and DSM were them loaded into our GIS program, Global Mapper from Blue Marble Geographics. Since TIFF files are rather bulky, CAD and GIS programs tend to take rather long to render these types of files. Hence, we used Global Mapper to create an ortho photo in ecw format in which the data is more compressed and thus rendered significantly more quickly by programs such as Global Mapper. To make their appearance more pleasing and to exclude any regions where the SfM process failed to produce reliable results we also "trimmed" the ortho photo and DSM around the edges. Figure 12 below shows the entire ortho photo as displayed in Global Mapper.
Figure 12: Ortho Photo of the entire development GSD = 0.011m
The first thing we wanted to find out was to see whether we could detect on our ortho photo the same defects that we could identify on the manually captured oblique GoPro photography. So we zoomed in on the same area of detail on the ortho photo as depicted on the oblique GoPro photo shown in Figure 3. The magnified section of the ortho photo is shown in Figure 13 below.
Figure 13: Magnifying the Ortho Photo for detection of effects. Compare to Figure 3.
The above figure shows that an ortho photo with a GSD of 11mm will be suitable for detection of slipped, but not of cracked, tiles. To improve the resolution for the detection of cracks, we would have had to reduce the flying altitude. Flying lower would decrease the image footprint and hence shorten the distance between successive exposures. Shortening the exposure distance interval shortens the time interval – thus increasing the rate at which the camera must expose and store images. To mitigate the possibility of missed exposures due to camera over-load, the flight plan can be changed to reduce the speed of the survey copter – thus increasing the time interval between successive exposures and giving the camera a chance to cope with the exposure rate.
In addition to the insufficient resolution we notice that the shaded areas are too dark to inspect details in them. We have not yet taken the time to investigate whether selective manipulation of exposure values in the areas of interest on the ortho photo will render the dark shadow areas useful for inspection purposes. Another possible remedy to under-exposure is to fly under conditions of diffuse illumination, ideally created by, for example, high cirrus clouds.
Furthermore, the vertical ortho projection prevents visibility of spaces obstructed by overhead features such as roof overhangs. Only full 3D visualization of elaborately constructed 3D models will facilitate the inspection of obstructed spaces – an effort which we could not accommodate in the scope of this project, but which we will be investigating at the next best opportunity.
Having concluded that the ortho photo is inadequate for the detection of cracked tiles, we had a look at the images from which the ortho photo was made. On only two of the 13 images in which the cracked tile appears could we discern, not necessarily detect, never mind identify, the crack in the tile. These two images, shown in Figure 14 below, happen to be the ones closest to the zenith of the defect.
Figure 14: Appearance of cracked tile in vertical imagery as captured by Sony a6000 from a height of 50m above the ground.
The next thing we wanted to establish was the accuracy of our map. Using the raw observations of our check point survey and CamPos, we computed coordinates for each of the two occupations of all the check points in our check point survey and compared the resulting pairs of the two independent occupations at each point to ascertain that no errors had occurred in centering the V-Map antenna over the point. The insignificant differences between the results of the independent occupations shown in Table 6 confirm that the V-Map observations yielded fully resolved integer phase ambiguities with correspondingly high accuracy and that the check points were accurately centered over during the independent occupations. Being suitably satisfied with the good agreements between the independent occupations we decided to compute and adopt the mean values as final coordinates of the check points.
Table 6: Comparison between successive V-Map occupations of Check Points
Figure 14 below shows the distribution of our check points.
Figure 14: Spatial distribution of check points.
Now that the check points were superimposed in a layer above our ortho photo and DSM, we zoomed in on each of the check points and captured the pre-marked target center coordinates (visible in the ortho photo) for comparison with the coordinates determined by terrestrial V-Map survey as described above.
The numerical comparison between the two independently determined coordinates sets is shown in Table 7 below.
Table 3: Comparison between coordinates derived from terrestrial and aerial (ortho photo and DSM) surveys.
Note that the two data sets – terrestrail survey and aerial survey – are, apart from being based on the same coordinates for the reference station, in all other respects completely independent of one another. Note also that in the comparison above there is one significant outlier, namely the elevation of check point 2. We suspect that this is as a result of the check point being located at the edge of the mapping area where image overlap is sparse. In fact check point 2 appears in only 8 aerial images while nearby check point 5 and check point 3, for example, appear in 14 aerial images. Removing this outlier would bring the standard deviation in the elevation from 4cm to 1.6cm. The lesson to be learnt from this is that one should always provide a generous margin of aerial stereo image cover around the area to be mapped. Ideally only areas which are covered by at least three strips of aerial imagery should be trusted for good mapping in all three dimensions.
Figure 15 is another visualization of the horizontal errors at the six check points in our map. Note that the dimensions of the panels are 20cm x 20 cm (8" x 8").
Figure 15: Horizontal errors at the check points. Note the target panel has sides of 20cm (8″) length.
Having established that our map is as accurate as can be expected from this type of mapping we were interested to see how well one could use the DSM on hard surfaces.
Figure 16: Photographic record of monument being surveyed with a rod-mounted V-Map receiver.
Having performed an internal quality check on our map we decided to use third party data for an even more independent verification of our mapping accuracy. Our client was kind enough to furnish us with a digital copy of the licensed land surveyor's plat of the subdivision in dwg format. When we imported the plat to Global Mapper we noticed that there was a systematic shift between the parcel corners as depicted on the plat and where one would expect them to be on the ortho photo. Since land survey regulations in the state of Florida still do not prescribe that cadastral surveys have to be referenced to an official datum and coordinate system, we concluded that the plat was referenced to what practicing land surveyors in the state of Florida often refer to as a "pseudo state plane" coordinate system. Because the digital plat did not come with any geo-referencing meta data, we went back to the site, located three monuments that appeared on the plat and used our V-Map receivers to obtain official state plane coordinates for them. From this information we could calculate that a shift of 38.7cm (1.27') in a direction of 69.5391° would significantly improve the agreement between the plat and our ortho photo. Figure 16 shows a photograph that was taken at the moment that one of the monuments was surveyed with the V-Map receiver mounted on the survey rod. This photograph is an objective and unimpeachable record of the feature that was surveyed and in many ways, improves on the conventional written notes and hand-drawn sketches required in terms of current practice. The resolution is actually sharp enough to interpret the lettering stamped into the disc embedded in the concrete monument.
In Figure 17 we show the plat (i.e. the parcel boundaries) after application of the systematic shift overlaid on the ortho photo. The comparative insets show how well the V-Map survey results compare with the plat, thus confirming that the application of the shift properly referenced the plat to the same reference frame as the ortho photo.
Figure 17: Discrepancies between V-Map survey and Plat after applying a constant shift: At B, 0.000m (0.000′); at C, 0.038m (0.125′); at D: 0.006m (0.020′)
Now that we had transformed the plat from a local reference frame to the official state plane coordinate system we could begin comparing the plat with physical features shown on the ortho photo. Figure 18 shows a region where we detected a consistent east west discrepancy between boundaries and roof tops of 40cm (1.31') which is significant in terms of cadastral surveying accuracy. Is this discrepancy a result of errors in the original plat survey or in the setting out of the foundations? One way to find out would be to search and pre-mark the boundary monuments and then to re-map the area. Alternatively, the more arduous conventional approach of searching and surveying the monuments as well as the houses accurately on the state plane coordinate system could be followed.
Figure 19: East-West discrepancy of some 40cm between roof-tops and plat.
Figure 19 is an extract of a region in the south-east of the ortho photo where the roof tops seem to align perfectly with the plat lines. However there seems to be an asymmetric placement of the block relative to the street alignments – also in the east-west direction.
Are the discrepancies, uncovered her by SfM surveying, perhaps due to a change in spatial reference between original platting and setting out of streets and parcel corners? To get to the bottom of the discrepancies displayed here between plat and ortho photo would require the survey of a larger number of corner monuments and other, well defined features. However, considering that apart from setting up and powering on the reference receiver, the ortho photo was produced with virtually no conventional survey work on the ground – the agreement between it and the cadastral survey is truly remarkable.
Watch this space for a continuation of our sojourn where we will be contemplating topics such as
THE DATA BUBBLE
TIME AND COST ANALYSIS
3D AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
CADASTRAL SfM SURVEYS AND STAKING BY TRILATERATION
Reporting Horizontal Errors in SfM Mapping
Fully appreciating the powerful role played by the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique in the mapping revolution, we understand that embedded in the fiber of an SfM produced map are some very important quality characteristics which, when not specifically disclosed and effectively displayed, will remain hidden to the user of the map. These characteristics can be understood as the quality DNA of the individual map. A responsible map maker should thus proactively determine and display this DNA for each of the maps he or she makes, thereby providing the individual map with an authentic certification that is much more relevant and meaningful than the credentials of the map maker himself.
One way to display horizontal errors is to plot them at a much larger scale than the map itself, as shown in the figure below.
The advantage of this type of error visualization is that it would very efficiently expose bias in position or rotation across the mapping domain. The disadvantage is that it is not all that easy to visualize the magnitudes of the errors.
So we are looking for effective ways to attach a clear picture of the true DNA to each of the maps we make. In the figure below there is another example of error reporting that may communicate better than numerical tables of errors or statements regarding the "class of accuracy" as defined by some or other organization. Here we show the "true" location of check points – determined to 10mm accuracy by total station – superimposed as yellow dots over the corresponding targets in the Ortho Photo. The distance between dot and target center represents the local horizontal mapping error.
For a realistic understanding of the significance of these errors all the reader has to know is that the square targets have dimensions 20cm x 20cm and that the round white targets have a radius of 5cm.
Aren't these "error-pictures" much more realistic and relevant than all the other ancillary, albeit interesting information such as the flying height of 50m, the wind speed of 5m/s, the GSD of 13mm, the MAP-M4 multirotor platform, the airframe mounted Sony a6000 camera with 14mm lens that was connected to a dual frequency on board V-Map GNSS receiver weighing only 130g (www.v-map.net), the average estimated 3D camera position accuracy of 3cm and the combined number of more than 50 man-years of experience in mapping under the belt of the map makers?
Oh, and never mind the fact that no Ground Control Points were used to make this map!
sUAS in the Oil and Gas World
drone2GIS Inc. offers a full geo-spatial service from Aerial Image Acquisition with small drones to specialized analysis and visualization of the high precision, ultra-realistic models we create of service corridors in the oil and gas industry. Never mind how difficult the terrain and field conditions, contact us for the safest and most efficient path to actionable information about your assets. Supported by our very own V-Map methodology we add precision and reliability to safety and efficiency. We bring reality from the harshest environments to the comforts of your desk, putting you fully in the picture as if you were "at the scene". Welcome on board and enjoy this short inspection flight.
The small drone mapping revolution rolls on!
Posted on August 19, 2015 by Mary Jane Volkmann
The small drone mapping revolution rolls on! At drone2GIS Inc. we realize that our success depends on operational safety, efficiency and product quality. So behind the scenes you will find us time and again going back to our test bed for accuracy tests. That's just part of an innovative surveying and mapping operation. Here you can see Oliver operating our MAP M4 system, equipped with V-Map for accurate camera exposure positioning, capturing yet more gigabytes of data for map quality validations.
NEW TOOLS FOR ACCURATE AND SAFE ROAD SURVEYING – FROM BIG DATA TO ESSENTIAL DATA
FROM BIG DATA TO ESSENTIAL DATA
SMALL DRONES, OFF THE SHELF CAMERAS, STRUCTURE FROM MOTION (SfM) AND VIRTUAL SURVEYING FOR EFFICIENT, ACCURATE AND SAFE ROAD SURVEYING:
Affordable tools (drones, off the shelf high resolution cameras and structure from motion (SfM) software) are now lined up for efficient production of high quality BIG data – aerial images, point clouds and surface models can be delivered in very short times. But they constitute big, suffocating data for most standard engineering design applications such as CAD. The challenge is to efficiently extract the essentials from big data so that the engineers can get on with their work.
Figure 1 below shows an ortho photo of approximately 1700 foot of roadway, on average about 60 foot wide. This ortho photo was produced with Agisoft Photoscan Professional (an affordable Structure from Motion software package) from 382 aerial images collectively taking up about 3.7GB of disk space. Point cloud, surface geometry and texture together make up an additional 2.8GB. The Ortho Photo with GSD 0f 0.04' in geotiff format occupies 127MB while the digital surface model, also in geotiff format, with 0.08' grid size takes up 265MB. All of the 6.5GB of data was rolled out in a matter of less than 24 hours. But in this form the data is too big for practical use in most standard CAD packages.
Figure 1: High Resolution (GSD 0.04′) Ortho Photo and Digital Survace Model covering 1700′ of a 60′ wide roadway
Figure 2 below represents an oblique big data view of a section of the road.
Figure 2: Oblique view of big data, ready for analysis
Figure 3 shows the same view with features of interest vectorized and tightly draped over the 3D terrain.
Figure 3: Common road geometry features vectorized and superimposed "snugly" on the big data surface model.
Figure 4, shows the ESSENTIAL data that was extracted from BIG data using Virtual Survey Tools.
Figure 4: The essentials of road geometry, easily imported to CAD for further design tasks by engineers
Figure 5 below shows typical geometry features needed for road design work. Conventionally these features are surveyed either by terrestrial LIDAR or by real time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) methods, both of which take substantially longer periods of time in field data acquisition and both of which require boots on the ground in the right of way for extended periods of time. Using small drones and off the shelf cameras the data acquisition effort, including ground control survey, is drastically reduced to about an hour on site, thus not only saving significant costs but also improving the safety of the survey crew. Using Virtual Survey Tools the features shown in Figure 5 were vectorized and exported to shp and dxf formats in approximately 8hrs – all in the comfort and safety of the office environment.
Figure 5: Typical road geometry features superimposed on high resolution ortho-photo.
The features depicted in Figure 5, when delivered in both dwg and shp formats together make up about 45MB of data.
The table below shows the relative storage requirements for the products resulting from a typical SfM work flow.
Table 1: Storage Space required for geo-spatial products generated in SfM workflow and subsequent feature extraction with Virtual Survey Methods
Figure 6: Relative Storage Space required for geo-spatial products generated in SfM workflow and subsequent feature extraction with Virtual Survey Methods.
And what about accuracy? Table 2 below shows a comparison of the coordinates derived from the SfM survey of 31 targeted check points with geodetic class GPS results.
Table 2: Comparison between SfM and GPS results
Utilizing appropriate visualization and virtual survey tools, the high resolution of the original imagery facilitates precise capturing of geometric features such as shown in Figure 7 below.
Figure 7: High resolution of ortho-photo and digital surface model ensure precise capturing of features in the comfort and safety of the virtual environment
Small drones, off the shelf cameras, structure from motion (SfM) software and virtual surveying are the new tools for accurate and safe road surveying.
Surveying, Drones, Mines and Data
Drone2GIS offers a safe, efficient and accurate alternative approach to the conventional surveying method employed in open cast mines, quarries and stock yards for data acquisition. Through the employment of Unmanned Aerial Systems, Drone2GIS delivers precise, high accuracy ortho-photos, digital terrain models and virtual realities. With these products, we can extract features and positions to produce the same products one would expect from a conventional survey without the safety risks of having boots on the ground. Data can be captured as and when needed without significant impact on the day to day operation of the site and at a fraction of the time it would otherwise take. Take stock of your inventory with accurate volume measurements, visualize your site without the stock piles, and get the data you need when you need it with minimal impact on production!
Surveying in an opencast mine, quarry or a stock yard has challenges. Setting up terrestrial scanners and other survey devices in the traffic of heavy equipment either slows down production or poses serious safety risks to the survey crews. Other safety and health risks involve steep ledges, potential for rock/land slides, noise and dust. Conventional surveying takes time, involves more than one person and can be very expensive. In addition to the safety concerns, logistics can also become difficult as parts of the location may need to be shut down while the survey takes place.
Our approach saves time and money while ensuring a safer operation without boots on the ground. Contact us at info@drone2GIS.com for more information on how we can help increase the safety, efficiency and profitability of your operation!
drone2GIS, More than just Maps!
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You can think about these renewable energy options as a kind of alternate supply to reduce your regular bills. You can them the whole night and start gathering energy during day time.
It is best to also understand how you can correctly your home appliances since they are the main element in the electric bills. Essentially, if you are still using the old designs, they will undoubtedly up more energy when compared with new ones.
You will always locate lots of methods that you could do to help lower your monthly electric bills and they are extremely easy. Here are a number of of the best and the most effective methods to reduce your regular bills and get low-cost electricity.
If you'll these renewable power sources along with your existing energy source, you can anticipate that your bills will go down. Your monthly bills will certainly be reduced if you will this.
Lots of folks have been complaining because of their monthly energy bills. This is absolutely the truth that you have to know because Texas is experiencing a surge in energy prices. Reports explained that there will likely be an increase, although it any price hike will be less than it was the year before. Some people are expecting this already. You have to not sit around and wait for these businesses to drain your cash.
You should try to renewable energy options together with your current energy source. You cannot rely on renewable energy sources today to provide all the energy needs of your family.
Many individuals are stressing with their power bills almost every month. Well, this is the truth that you need to bear in mind if you're residing in Texas because according to reports, the cost of energy will increase, though any increase will be lower in comparison with past years. Quite a few folks are expecting this already. You need to not sit around and wait for these companies to drain your money.
You will always locate plenty of methods that you can do to help decrease your monthly electric bills and they are extremely easy. You can check out quite a few of the best tips below on how you can minimize your regular bills and get affordable electricity.
If you would like to conserve energy, you must make an effort to consider all these simple guidelines. You will discover a large drop on your electricity bills monthly if you will consider these guidelines.
You have to remember that your monthly expenses is related to your electrical home appliances so you must discover how to them effectively. The best way that you can consider is to replace your old appliances and start buying new models. The new models are made so they can consume less energy and provide the same efficiency. It's correct that you will need to invest plenty of money on new models, but this is a great move over time.
The proper of your appliances to conserve energy is very important as well because your monthly expenses is growing because of your electrical appliances. The best way that one could think about is to substitute your old home appliances and start buying new designs. The new designs are made so they can consume less energy and provide the same efficiency. It is a fact that you will need to invest a lot of money on new designs, but this may be a great move in the long run.
We always ask for cheap electricity, particularly the folks who're living in Texas as they cannot stop the increasing price of energy. The price of electricity is said to be higher although any increases will be a tad slower when compared with previous years.
If you conserve energy, you can also save more money in your regular bills and you can handle your finances well. You can save more money in the future if you are not paying huge monthly payments. You can anticipate that these recommendations will help you.
If you these renewable power options long with your existing energy source, your bills will go down considerably. Your monthly bills will definitely be decreased if you'll this.
You can also try the simplest way to do it. Try utilizing all-natural light during the day and your artificial lighting at night. You can simply the artificial lighting at night and allow natural light enter your home during the day.
You will find a lot of methods to reduce your monthly electric bills and they are very straightforward and easy to do. You can check out some of the best guidelines below on how you can minimize your monthly bills and get cheap electricity.
You must also understand how you can your home appliances correctly. They are the main aspects in the increase in your monthly bills. You must start replacing your old home appliances and buy new designs. The old appliances are generally inefficient and they more energy so buying a new one will be beneficial. New models do not consume lots of energy and they could be more efficient than old designs. Even if your home appliances are turned off, they could still up energy if they are plugged in the outlet. You have to unplug your home appliances when you are not making use of them.
There are quite a few people who do not actually care about the lighting since they firmly believe that the bulbs are not taking in a lot of energy. If you're always utilizing your light bulbs 24/7, you can anticipate that they might greatly affect your monthly bills. If you're currently utilizing incandescent bulbs, you need to substitute them with LED bulbs or CFL.
If you really want to preserve energy, you can think about all these simple recommendations to make it feasible. If you consider these tips, you will experience a huge drop on power bills.
You should consider renewable power options because it is one of the newest methods to decrease your monthly electricity bills. Alternative energy sources can substantially impact your regular bills as they have the ability to minimize your bills with a large amount. You can these options during night time and your current energy supply throughout the day. It's true that renewable energy sources could be a tad expensive when you decide to install it, but this will probably be a great decision in the end. It will always be well worth the money so you must try them.
Lighting has been disregarded for some time as most people feel that they can open their lights for 24 hours and their bill won't be affected. Your bulbs might be little, but they up a substantial amount of energy.
btedly a big issue for the folks who are not using solar or wind energy as alternate sources. These sources are pricey so quite a few individuals might think that they're not going to benefit normal households.
You are not making use of plenty of energy coming from the electricity businesses so there is a major likelihood that your monthly bills will be decreased substantially. The preliminary expenditure could be a tad high, but it will surely be worth your cash.
You must try switching your lights if you're still using incandescent bulbs. These bulbs discharge almost 98 percent of their absorbed energy into heat so CFL or LED bulbs are more energy-efficient.
If you will try utilizing these renewable power options along with your existing source, your bills will certainly go down. This will absolutely be a good way to minimize your monthly payments.
A lot of people have been attempting to complain because of their large energy bills monthly. This is the reality that you must face, especially if you are residing in Texas. Based on reports, there will probably be an increase in the price of electricity, but it will be lower in comparison with previous times. Some folks are expecting this already. You need to not sit around and wait for these companies to drain your money.
The best method to preserve electricity and lower your bills is to close your lights if you are not using them. natural light throughout the day as well. You do not need to open your lights during daytime because you can permit natural light to illuminate your residence throughout the day.
It is a fact that we always search for low-cost electricity, specifically if you are living in Texas. The price of electricity is increasing consistently. It is known that the price of electricity will probably be higher, but it will be sluggish compared to prior years.
If you want to conserve energy, you should try to consider all these simple recommendations. If you think about these recommendations, you will experience a huge drop on power bills.
The proper of your home appliances to preserve energy is very important as well because your monthly expenses is increasing because of your electrical appliances. The best way that you can consider is to replace your old appliances and start buying new models. The new models are made so they can consume less energy and provide the same efficiency. Well, you will need to invest a lot of money on the new models, but this is a great plan in the end.
The easiest way to save electricity is to close your lights when you're not utilizing them and make an effort to natural lighting in daytime. You should open your curtains and allow all-natural light to go inside. You won't have to open your lights during the day.
You will always locate lots of methods that one could do to help lessen your monthly electric bills and they are extremely easy. Here are quite a few of the best and the most effective methods to lessen your regular bills and get affordable electricity.
This is absolutely a large difficulty for the folks who're not making use of solar or wind energy as alternate sources. They are fairly costly until now so quite a few folks feel that it certainly won't be useful to regular households.
If you still incandescent bulbs, it is best to try changing your light bulbs. These bulbs discharge almost 98 percent of their consumed energy into heat so CFL or LED bulbs are more energy efficient.


text:
Sierra Leone new date (15.05.2020) 1,000-leone note (B125e) confirmed
In: Africa, New Variety
Tagged: Sierra Leone
Like B125d, but new date (15th MAY 2020). Courtesy of Claudio Marana and evans2756 on eBay.Read More…
Sierra Leone new sig/date (04.10.2018) 1,000-leone note (B125d) confirmed
Like B125c, but new signatures (Kallon/Stevens) and new date (4th OCTOBER 2018). Courtesy of Ivan Bogdanov.Read More…
Like B127d, but new date (15th MAY 2020). Courtesy of Claudio Marana.Read More…
Sierra Leone new date (15.05.2020) 10,000-leone note (B128e) confirmed
Like B126c, but new signatures (Kallon/Stevens) and new date (4th OCTOBER 2018). Courtesy of evans2756 on eBay.Read More…
Sierra Leone new sig/date (04.10.2018) 10,000-leone note (B128d) confirmed
Like B128c, but new signatures (Kallon/Stevens) and new date (4th OCTOBER 2018). Courtesy of Andrew Roberts.Read More…
Sierra Leone new sig/date (27.04.2016) 2,000-leone note (B126c) confirmed
Like B126b, but new signatures (Marah/Stevens) and new date (27th APRIL 2016). Courtesy of Andrew Roberts.Read More…
West African States adopt eco as common currency reported for introduction in 2020
Tagged: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malagasy Republic, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
According to a CNN article dated 1 July 2019, the Economic Community of West African States (consisting of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo) has adopted the name "eco" for a planned single currency toRead More…
, Like B127c, but new signatures and new date (4th OCTOBER 2018). Prefix HZ. Courtesy of Murtaza Karimjee (www.africancollectible.com).Read More…


Care for your horse's mane and tail with NAF Silky Mane & Tail D-Tangler deluxe conditioning spray for a smooth, shiny tangle-free finish. Leaves a non greasy, non sticky natural shine that will not attract dust and allows mud to be easily brushed from hair.
"Great product. Does everything it says. Makes life so much easier when battling with a thick and unruly tail. Also gives a lovely shine which lasts for days. And my boy is out 24/7!"


text:
Roi Ben David has Tasted Success as a Technician Due to his Intense Efforts & Love for Technology
by Lynn Lewis
Roi Ben David, an Israeli youngster, has become a source of inspiration for anyone who wants to excel in the evolving technology world. He is an Israeli technician and Apple certified support professional who has achieved immense success at a young age.
The Importance of High EQ For Tech Leaders
Raxx The Barber Is More Than Just A Haircutter
How ClickASnap is Changing the Photo-Sharing Industry
Born in Israel on January 23, 1997, Roi Ben David was passionate about technology since his early age. He would try new things and feed his curiosity to know about technology as well as computers. Roi Ben David noticed the growing use of technology and he delved deep into the field of programming & technology.
While other kids of his age were busy reading children's books, Roi Ben David was exploring new domains in technology. With time, he started creating websites at an early age and he embarked on a journey to succeed in the technology world.
His consistent efforts helped him realize his dream and now he is working as an Apple Certified Support Professional at iDigital, an Apple Premium Reseller. Since 2018, the Israeli technician has been associated with iDigital to serve customers by solving their technical issues related to Apple products.
Roi Ben David loves to help others through his technical expertise. And he loves to develop applications, games & websites in his free time. He first landed at Google as a programmer and customer service provider. Over time, he got an opportunity to work in Apple in the area of a certified support specialist.
Roi has also developed his own game Fast Fox and he has set the target to establish his own institution for running his software business. The Israeli technician and Apple Certified Support Professional leaves no opportunity to provide support to customers using his technical expertise.
Visit his Website and Social Media Profiles to Know About him & his Works
Website: http://roiben.com
Facebook: https://facebook.com/roibenda
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/roibendavid/
Twitter: http://twitter.com/roibendavid
Lynn Lewis
Lynn has been a part of the journey ever since Folksy News started. As a strong learner and passionate writer, she contributes her intellectual news pieces from science category.
Profiling Igor Litvak
TikTok View Provider Services Facilitate TikTok Users in Boosting their Social Status & Reputation Online
All Branding Solutions – A Digitally Easy Way to Market Today
Sav Did It, a Multi Talented Musician, is Planning to Release his Two New Solo Projects this Summer
Rising Prices of Goods and Services are Making Consumers Use Coupons to Save Money


text:
extern "C" {
#endif

#include "include/capi/cef_base_capi.h"

///
// Implement this structure to customize zoom handling. The functions of this
// structure will be called on the UI thread.
///
typedef struct _cef_zoom_handler_t {
  ///
  // Base structure.
  ///
  cef_base_t base;

  ///
  // Called when the browser wants to retrieve the zoom level for the given
  // |url|. Return true (1) if |zoomLevel| has been set to the custom zoom
  // level. Return false (0) for the browser's default zoom handling behavior.
  ///
  int (CEF_CALLBACK *on_get_zoom_level)(struct _cef_zoom_handler_t* self,
      struct _cef_browser_t* browser, const cef_string_t* url,
      double* zoomLevel);

  ///
  // Called when the browser's zoom level has been set to |zoomLevel| for the
  // given |url|. Return true (1) to indicate that the new setting has been
  // handled. Return false (0) to use the browser's default zoom handling
  // behavior.
  ///
  int (CEF_CALLBACK *on_set_zoom_level)(struct _cef_zoom_handler_t* self,
      struct _cef_browser_t* browser, const cef_string_t* url,
      double zoomLevel);
} cef_zoom_handler_t;

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif  // CEF_INCLUDE_CAPI_CEF_ZOOM_HANDLER_CAPI_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to change style of particular option in select box? I want to change style (color, borders etc...) of certain option in select box.
Example:
<select name="items">
  <option>Select item:</option>
  <option value="item1"> item1 </option>
  <option value="item2"> item2 </option>
  <option vlaue="item3"> item3 </option>
</select>

First option " Select item: " don't have any value, it is more like title of item list. But Im curious is it possible to change style of that option, and make it a bit different from other options in select box?

A:

select{
  background:red;
}

option:first-child{
  background:yellow;
  color:green;
}
<select name="items">
  <option>Select item:</option>
  <option value="item1"> item1 </option>
  <option value="item2"> item2 </option>
  <option vlaue="item3"> item3 </option>
</select>


Have you been ignoring tooth pain or do you suffer from sensitivity to hot and cold foods in one or more teeth? If this describes you, chances are the pain won't just go away. You may have a cavity, which is a serious dental issue you shouldn't ignore. By having your dentist treat your cavity early, you can save yourself from more pain and expensive dental work down the road.
Cavities, or dental caries, are the spaces inside a tooth that are created after tooth decay occurs. The hole in the tooth exposes sensitive nerve endings, which is why cavities hurt. The main cause of cavities is plaque: a sticky, clear bacterial film that forms on teeth. Daily brushing and flossing are essential to remove plaque, which combines with sugar to produce damaging acids that weaken and erode tooth enamel. Once the protective layer of enamel erodes, cavities can form much more easily.
Plaque easily accumulates in crevices and grooves of teeth. Proper brushing can eliminate plaque, but children are at higher risk of developing a cavity on tooth surfaces because they don't always brush properly.
Cavities form between teeth because those areas are harder to reach with brushing alone. Flossing twice a day is effective in removing this kind of plaque buildup.
For older adults who have recessed gums or bone loss from a condition called periodontitis, plaque builds up over time and forms a cavity on the root of a tooth, which lacks protection from enamel.
How Can I Reduce My Chance of Getting a Cavity?
Practicing good, consistent oral hygiene is the key to avoiding painful cavities. Most dentists agree that brushing your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste will help prevent cavities. Fluoride, a compound that is proven to strengthen teeth, is added to toothpaste, mouthwash, and many municipal water supplies.
Ideally, you should schedule a dental appointment every six months to keep your teeth in optimal health. During an exam, your dentist will check your teeth and gums visually to detect any problems and follow up with an X-ray to look for cavities that aren't yet visible to the eye.
A hygienist will perform a thorough cleaning, which removes hardened plaque from all surfaces of the teeth and below the gum line. The cleaning procedure usually includes removal of surface stains on the teeth followed by a professional polishing. Children sometimes get an additional fluoride treatment or sealants, which further protect against cavities.
Where Can I Get a Dental Checkup in New York?
At Central Avenue Dental, Dr. Alevtina Edgar and Dr. Igor Ilyabayev provide outstanding dental care. In addition to offering a wide range of services for the treatment of cavities, we offer general dentistry, pediatric dentistry, cosmetic dentistry, sleep apnea devices, and more. Dr. Edgar and Dr. Ilyabayev were named by OpenCare.com as Patients' Choice winners in 2015 for the Valley Stream area.
If you think you have a cavity, don't suffer a minute longer. Request an appointment on our website today or call one of our conveniently located, state-of-the-art offices in Manhattan or Valley Stream.


Don't mistake time together for quality time.
Whether you're just moving in with your partner or you've been living together for some time now, there's one thing I think we all incorrectly assume. We assume that since we're living together, we'll be spending time with each other. Though you do spend a ton of time with your partner living in the same space, most of that time is not quality time. So be sure to talk to your partner about this and make the effort to set aside time that allows you to connect. Whether that means going on a date or doing something fun together at home, it makes such a difference to have that quality time.
At the same time, it's also important to maintain some independence. Just because he wants to stay home doesn't mean you have to. If you're craving a night out with friends and he's in the mood to stay in, that's okay! Don't forget to listen to and satisfy your own needs, otherwise, you may end up resenting each other.
You don't have to have dinner together every night.
I don't know why, but one of my biggest stressors for a while was coming up with a plan for dinner on weeknights. I'm not a cook, and neither is he, but for some reason, I felt this absurd responsibility to always "have dinner on the table" (thanks, societal pressures). But when I actually spoke to my guy about this, he was never expecting this to be my responsibility. While we'll sometimes eat in together, we're also totally okay with doing our own thing for dinner. Whether he cooks for himself and I snack on something or we eat at different times, we eliminated this pressure to always share dinner together and it really helped a lot!
Create separate space for some me-time.
Though your first apartment together is likely small, it's so important to create some sort of separate space that you can each go to for some me-time. Ideally, you can each have your own space so you can really make it yours. That could be a desk in the corner of the living room, half of a guest bedroom, or (if you're lucky) an entire room to yourself. No matter the space you're working with, try to have an area that you can each go for some private time. Because let's face it, we all could use some alone time and that's totally okay!
I'm sure you hear it all the time, but man is it true. Communication is EVERYTHING in a relationship, especially when you're living together. If something isn't working or you sense some tension, don't avoid it or it will only get worse. And when you do bring something up to talk about, make your partner aware that you really want to sit and have a conversation about this. Otherwise, they may not realize how serious you are or how much this is bothering you.
I strongly agree with the last point. Communication is everything. This is especially true when you are sharing the same space. In my experience, if you keep your frustrations to yourself, they will build up. Next thing, you get into a huge fight about dishes in the sink. When the fight is actually about every other frustration that you've kept to yourself.


#UpgradingMyself: I am Strong, Empowered, & Classy! I'm strong because my abs hurt from the abs challenge and my arm muscles are sore from doing more push-ups than I've ever done in my whole life last month. I'm empowered over my finances because I actually sat down and made a plan towards becoming debt free. I paid off the first chunk of debt on the list yesterday! Glory to God! I'm classy because I acknowledge the fact that the people that motivated me to get it together the most were the people I didn't like all the time. It makes you uncomfortable when you've been caught slipping and you have a lot of pride. It's been a really cold winter, I hope you've been getting ready for summer time!


Hello! Welcome to English and journalism. My classroom is centered around my students; they teach me as much as I attempt to teach them. Middle School is a great age; everyday is new and different. And I get to go along for the ride!
Personally, I am Saint Paul Public Schools graduate. I attended Groveland Elementary, Highland Junior High and Highland Senior High. I loved my time in school! I spent my undergraduate years at Mankato State University where I graduated with my English degree. I returned to Saint Paul after graduation and immediately began teaching in the Saint Paul Public Schools. I finished my Master's Degree in Education at Hamline University.
In my free time I like to hang out with my family and friends, read, enjoy the outdoors, play volleyball and travel. I also like to watch my students and past students in their extracurricular endeavors. One of my favorite spectator sports is Como Baseball whose program is made up largely of Murray graduates!
My goal for my students is to teach them the skills that will allow them to effectively communicate with the world around them. I want them to be able to enjoy the spoken, unspoken, and written language that empowers and enriches our lives. And I want them to enjoy the journey.