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LSE South Asia Centre
Lavanya Shanbhogue Arvind
Learning from natural disasters: Why an understanding of gender is critical to avoid disaster fatalities
Estimated reading time: 10 minutes
By looking critically at several recent natural disasters, a new understanding of the disproportionate impact they can have on different genders can be revealed, argues Lavanya Shanbhogue Arvind (Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai). Existing gender inequalities are exacerbated in disaster contexts she argues, increasing disaster losses and mortality of women and gender minorities. More and more women and gender minorities have therefore to be brought into decision-making roles to enable need-based policy and intervention.
In recent times, there has been an increasing awareness that women, girls and gender minorities suffer disproportionately during disasters. That disaster mortality is gender-specific has compelled policy-makers to include provisions in global and national disaster management and climate change accords to make them more gender-aware. For instance, globally, the 2015 Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction carry important priorities to promote gender equitable disaster response, recovery and reconstruction. In India, the Prime's Minister's 10-point agenda on Disaster Risk Reduction (2017) calls for a "greater involvement and leadership of women in disaster risk management."
Although welcome initiatives, these interventions come after much monumental suffering and colossal losses faced by women, girls and gender minorities in disaster situations. Today's need is to translate the spirit of policy into on-the-ground intervention in order to avoid fatalities. Lessons learnt from key disasters will thus enable a robust gender-sensitive intervention.
The Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2005 that devastated more than 2,000 kilometres of the mainland coastline of India had differential gender impacts. A study commissioned by Oxfam America revealed that, of the disaster affected people, nearly seventy-five percent were women and children. It was found that owing to various patriarchal impositions on modesty and other gender roles, women and girl children were less likely to be provided survival skills such as swimming. Owing to the operation of feelings such as shame and a need to conform to appropriate feminine behaviour, women and young girls would not climb trees to save themselves. The Aravanis, a transgender population in Tamil Nadu found themselves entirely excluded from the relief process owing to pre-existing socio-cultural practices that contribute to their marginalisation.
Of the 1.3 million earthquake affected persons in Nepal (2015), more than half were women. A disproportionate female loss is attributed to the fact that more women were indoors while men were out in the open. The demarcation of the home as a "women's place," the private as "her sphere" is both an old feminist lamentation and a contestation, but the loss of life because of such demands is a travesty in need of justice.
These inequities in disaster contexts manifest in several other ways. Since water procurement is considered "women's work," women sometimes spend several hours fetching water to carry out household duties. Situations of drought greatly increase female time investment, for women sometimes spend half their day in the arduous pursuit of water in inhospitable topographies.
Women and young girls often have limited access to Early Warning Systems (EWS) giving them very little time to evacuate and communicate with responders. Owing to extreme intra-household inequalities, there is a gender gap in the ownership of mobile phone devices. Over 1.2 billion women in low- and middle-income countries do not use mobile internet. Further, in some cases, early warning messages are transmitted from men to men in public spaces, excluding women from the receiving these messages.
In the 2010 flooding of the Indus river basin that adversely impacted the Sindh, Punjab and, Balochistan regions of Pakistan, more than seventy persons of the displaced people were women. Globally, while exact figures vary, women form the majority of the people displaced on account of climate-related flooding. The increasing frequency of climate-change induced disasters divulge the gendered nature of losses and mortality. Studies demonstrate that in times of natural disasters, the life expectancy of women, though usually higher than male life expectancy globally, are lowered more than that of men.
Developed nations are not excluded from these gender-related inequities. Post Hurricane Katrina that hit the US Gulf Coast in 2005, more than eighty percent of the women were left behind in the city following the storm. Unable to access travel out of the storm-hit city of New Orleans and left with no resources in hand, they had to fend for themselves.
In hostile places such as temporary shelters and refugee camps, women are expected to replicate the "home experience" for their families for they are never absolved of the unequal burdens of child care and elder care. Relief and response are androcentric, for compensation is disbursed to the titleholders of damaged properties and these persons are almost always men. Globally, women are poorer and hungrier than men and these disparities make them even more vulnerable during disasters. Other forms of material losses such as damages to sewing machines and kitchen appliances that women may use for home-based income generation remain uncompensated, rendering them more dependent on male resources. Lack of availability of gender disaggregated data for all disasters is a major impediment to the creation of a mechanism for equitable post-disaster recompense.
Post-disaster lodgings are not the safe havens that they ought to be. A 2015 study by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies demonstrates that there is an increase in gender-based sexual violence and domestic violence in post-disaster situations. Often these acts of violence occur in shelter homes. The protraction of disaster-induced displacement places women and gender minorities outside secure spaces that they may have negotiated for themselves within familial settings.
These are but the symptoms, the tangible manifestations of gender inequalities that get exacerbated in disaster situations contributing to vulnerability. Pre-disaster social inequalities of women and gender minorities on account of caste, race, ethnicity, religion, disability, nationality, amongst others, are amplified in post-disaster situations. These larger social structures function as various axes of oppression that operate on the gendered identity. If imposed gender roles cause women and gender minorities to be "left behind" in relief and rescue efforts, men are expected to be the "stronger sex" which may place them in unsafe situations. Therefore, an understanding of gender, especially the differential impacts of disasters on different genders, embedded into policy is critical to mitigate loss of life. Policy, in turn, must be upheld in on-field interventions.
The vast literature on global poverty and identity-based discrimination indicate that women are more socially vulnerable, and disaster theorists in turn have argued that social vulnerability translates into disaster vulnerability. Disaster management plans therefore must tackle the gender question by recognizing the critical linkages between social vulnerability, disaster mortality and identity-mediated socio-economic status. More and more women and gender minorities have to be brought into decision-making roles to enable need-based policy and intervention. Culturally sensitive, disaster planning must take gender into account at each stage of preparation, mitigation, rescue, relief, rehabilitation and long-term recovery.
This article gives the views of the author, and not the position of the South Asia @ LSE blog, nor of the London School of Economics. Featured Photo: Big Waves Crashing; Credit: Ree, Pexels.
Lavanya Shanbhogue Arvind is a novelist and a feminist research scholar. She currently teaches at the Centre for Disasters and Development, Jamsetji Tata School of Disaster Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai. Her research interests are in the areas of Gender, Development and Disasters, & Gender & Social Exclusion. She is the winner of the Commonwealth Short Story Special Prize (2011). Her writings have been published in both Indian and International presses. She can be reached at: lavanya.arvind@tiss.edu
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Cities and Urban Studies
Why urban Indian women turn down job opportunities away from home
Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: Five Challenges for the Future
J'Accuse…? No. I Confess.
"The great tragedy in India today is that there is little political will to do away with conservative laws" – Madhav Khosla
South Asia @ LSE welcomes contributions from LSE faculty, fellows, students, alumni and visitors to the school. Please write to southasia@lse.ac.uk with ideas for posts on south Asia-related topics.


TULSA, Okla. – Next week, as millions of people around the world celebrate Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Pride Month, we in the Jewish community will mark the occasion with a pivotal milestone: the first-ever Jewish LGBT Movement Building Convening, to be held June 27-29 in California.
Organized by the leading Jewish LGBT organizations, Keshet and Nehirim, the gathering will bring together 100 leaders of LGBT synagogues, organizations, foundations and other representatives to create a unified Jewish LGBT agenda for change.
The fact is, despite some signs of progress – the Jewish Theological Seminary deciding to admit LGBT individuals and the ordination of the first transgender rabbi, to name two – the overall pace of change within our community in this area has been far too slow. The continued marginalization of LGBT Jews is especially disheartening for those of us who believe in the power of a fully inclusive Jewish community that embraces every Jew as "b'tzelem elokim," made in God's image.
Adopting formal non-discrimination policies – and ensuring their implementation – will help us achieve two goals: 1, they will indicate to LGBT individuals that the Jewish community is committed to full LGBT inclusion; and 2, they will guarantee that our institutions are walking the talk when it comes to being welcoming and diverse.


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Home Natural Health News Main News Lycored Uncovers Inner Beauty of Tomatoes
Lycored Uncovers Inner Beauty of Tomatoes
WholeFoods Magazine Staff
Beer Sheva, Israel, and New York City, NY—Lycored has teamed up with Craig Burrows, a photographer recently featured in National Geographic, to photograph the golden tomatoes that power Lycored's Lycomato ingredient, according to a press release.
Burrows was featured for using an ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence technique to capture the hidden beauty of flowers, the release says—a technique which, when applied to Lycored's golden tomatoes, revealed the invisible glow naturally created by two rare carotenoids.
Phytoene and phytofluene are rare in our foods, but, according to the press release, have been shown to improve skin appearance. Virtually colorless, Lycored has created detection methods that reveal and extract them to ensure their quality and presence in the company's products.
Burrows said in the release: "I was intrigued by the request to photograph golden tomatoes because of the fluorescence of phytoene and phytofluene, which are often-overlooked and 'invisible' carotenoids. I picked my favorites for the shoot—one with tiny and bright speckles, one with some mesmerizing patterns, and one which showed both red and yellow pigmentation in the skin. I'm pleased with how the shoot turned out. A lot of the time I am photographing for discovery and the hidden beauty of the subject, but this time I knew what I was looking for and found it."
In another initiative designed to display inner beauty, Lycored and Operation Respect partnered with The Heritage School in East Harlem to launch "Show Your True Colors," a program designed to create awareness surrounding the importance of kindness to ourselves and others.
Students at The Heritage School created t-shirts with custom designs that represent their emotions and personality, according to a second press release. The colors represent each individual's journey, talents, and traits.
Lycored invited students to take a pledge to look at how everyone is different and unique: Show Your True Colors is Lycored's way of encouraging individuals to be themselves and to stand up for what they believe in. When the students least expect it, Lycored will send them postcards to remind them of their personal pledge.
The release notes that this program supports Lycored's multi-layer educational initiative designed to spread the word on the role natural colorants play in promoting wellness. The program identifies the relationship between our inner colors and the bright natural colors we consume on a daily basis through a healthy diet.
John McKenna, Executive Director of Operation Respect, said in the release: "Partnerships are ideal when you have shared values. Operation Respect and Lycored are completely in sync in advancing peace building, self-respect and empathy. We look forward to further engagements with Lycored at inner city schools such as The Heritage School and we look forward to bridging our missions to advance the wellbeing of children and youth all over the country."
Lycored
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Immediately sweet with orchard fruits – ripe apples and pears – and also with confectionary – toffee, caramel, honeycomb and pear drops. There's both grassiness (fresh hay and leaves) and patisserie (almond buns and bread and butter pudding). In the background there's very light pepperiness, which provides just a touch of bitterness and offsets some of the sweeter aromas.
Slightly syrupy with a texture akin to tinned fruit salad, this opens similarly to the nose with toffee, and orchard fruits – now a little deeper – toffee apples, and poached pears. There's a touch of metal here – copper, which hints at some youthful spirit. Bakery flavours again – croissants and vanilla swirls. Maltiness comes through in the mid-palate – at times seeming a slightly sharp, bitter and citrus (combined with our bready/bakery flavours, almost akin to a citra-hop IPA). In the back-palate, grassiness and earthiness is present – reed, flax and some slightly damp soils. Spicing is more prevalent here than on the nose, but is not overwrought – slightly bitter pepper.
Relatively short with vanilla, grassiness and pepper.
A pleasant dram - decent value.
Freshly pressed shirts and apple strudel.
Mellow fruitfulness, some grassy notes with a slightly sweet aftertaste.
Soft, sweet - quite short.


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Born in the Wild West of West London - An Interview with AngryWorkers
Submitted by AngryWorkersWorld on Jan 9 2021 07:57
This interview was first published by comrades of The Commoner
Review: 'War and the International – A history of the Trotskyist movement in Britain 1937 -1949'
Submitted by AngryWorkersWorld on Nov 27 2020 10:00
Why would seriously want to you waste your time reading about various infights of pretty minuscule Trotskyist sects 80 years ago?!
Class strategy: Red and Black Notes interview AngryWorkers
Original published here: https://www.redblacknotes.com/2020/11/14/the-importance-of-being-rooted-an-interview-with-angry-workers-world/
The necessity of a revolutionary working class program in times of coup and civil war scenarios
Submitted by AngryWorkersWorld on Oct 10 2020 16:01
"The CPP and the various groups that follow its political line enthusiastically supported Duterte when he took office"
A historian of communism in the Philippines briefly explains in a post the time when the Communist Party of the Philippines and the National Democratic apparatus enthusiastically supported Duterte.
Green Apocalypse - Luther Blissett & Stewart Home
Green Apocalpyse was published by Unpopular Books in October 1995. It was an intervention in the lengthy and bitter disupute between the primitivist Green Anarchist Network and the communist Neoist Alliance.
A response to the Organizing.Work review of 'Class Power on Zero-Hours'
Submitted by AngryWorkersWorld on Jun 19 2020 15:17
Lest We Forget — Roberto S. Verzola
Roberto S. Verzola narrates his youthful experience in the National Democratic (Maoist) movement during the years of the Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines. He recounts his capture by the military and subsequent torture. During his imprisonment he learned that the Communist Party of the Philippines was behind the Plaza Miranda Bombing, the event that Marcos used to justify Martial Law and dictatorship.
The Four Horsemen of Capitalist Decay
Submitted by Internationalis... on Mar 22 2020 16:24
Capitalism – the current social system based on private property, wage labour and production for profit – is at a turning point. Day by day it becomes clearer that the existing relations of production have become fetters preventing humanity from addressing the urgent problems facing the whole planet. Unable to resolve its own contradictions, capitalism is instead hurtling us towards barbarism.
Students, Activists, and Communists in Movement Politics
An introduction to the history of student struggles in the Philippines and the communist and national democratic participation in student struggles.
Duluth IWW editorial from 1913
What the Suffragettes did for us - Anarchist Federation
Anarchists and the second Chechen war
Strike: a live history, 1887-1971 - Robert Leeson
The Russian revolution in retreat, 1920-24: Soviet workers and the new communist elite - Simon Pirani
Ours to master and to own: workers' control from the commune to the present


ECOS offers funding to both students and faculty as a means of improving the Eckerd College community. For more information and in order to download applications, please visit our "Funding" page.
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Pastoral Care should permeate all areas of school life.
BSU has a positive and inclusive approach to managing behaviour. We believe in encouraging good behaviour through a range of positive behaviour management strategies. Through this positive approach we aim to pre-empt inappropriate behaviour, thus enabling us to focus on good behaviour. We believe strongly in the importance of promoting and praising good behaviour.
We have high expectations for staff and children alike and we expect all adults and older children to be good role models. As a whole school we put great emphasis on the importance of interacting with others in respectful ways, irrespective of cultural background, with thoughtful speaking, actions and building relationships.
BSU provides a caring environment for all, and support children if required, to learn how to manage their behaviour appropriately. We give children choices and make it clear as to the consequences of the choices they make; the school recognises children have rights and responsibilities and we aim to equip them to act upon these.
Personal, Social, Health and Economic (PSHE) education is important for creating a happy and successful school environment and for developing students self-esteem. All year groups take part in PSHE which aims to help the students become aware of themselves and of others through developing the knowledge, skills and understanding they will need through life. We deal with some of the real issues affecting children and young people at a class, school and community level and give them the opportunity to discuss their different experiences, viewpoints and attitudes and to listen and respond appropriately to others.
It is a primary aim of our school that every member of the school community feels valued and respected, and that each person is treated fairly. We are a caring community, whose values are built on mutual trust and respect for all people and property.
We aim to promote an environment where everyone feels safe and secure. Our behaviour policy is therefore designed to support the way in which all members of school can live and work together.
The aim of the behaviour policy is to teach children to become positive, responsible and increasingly independent members of the school community. This can be achieved by teaching the children how to acquire self-control in order to behave appropriately.
We encourage and reward positive behaviour. All classes write rules at the start of the year which the children are then expected to follow.
In KS2 we deal with some of the real issues affecting children and young people at a class, school and community level and give them the opportunity to discuss their different experiences, viewpoints and attitudes and to listen and respond appropriately to others.
In KS1 and KS2 alongside positive encouragement and stickers we use an interactive online program called Class Dojo which parents are able to access. It instantly rewards or sanctions a child and the parents are informed. At the end of every term a Dojo Champion for each class is presented with a certificate in assembly. Children are also rewarded for 100% attendance.
In secondary, a two tier system of rewards will be implemented, to celebrate individual and group success.
The House system, continued through from the lower school, is to be used to create a group identity and pride. All students in Secondary are assigned a house, St George, St David, St Andrew or St Patrick.
House points are awarded for participation in school and house events and for representing the school in a positive manner.
Sanctions will be utilised if students display behaviour that is not acceptable at BSU. Sanctions are cumulative and recorded centrally so that intervention into poor behaviour can be made and actions taken to encourage all students to make appropriate choices.
Sanctions are supported by clear guidelines and are cumulative. Students who fail to meet expectations will be disciplined according to a tiered system which is outlined in the secondary behaviour policy. Sanctions include detentions, lunch, after school and Saturday, student report, and internal and external suspensions. Once a student reaches benchmarks, parents will be invited in to discuss targets and actions required.
The aim of the behaviour policy is to teach children to become positive, responsible and increasingly independent members of the school community.


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A new program is trying to engage all American voters, whatever their native languages.
Laurenellen McCann
(Photo: Sabrina Hersi Issa)
Not all access is created equal. This is the truth we need to hold self-evident when we create tools for civic (that is, democratic) participation.
Over the last decade, digital activists like myself have been working to make civic information more accessible in a literal way: creating open data and civic technologies in order to increase the amount, "findability," and usability of government information. Occasionally, our work goes deeper, looking at the structural barriers to this access that class, capital, and the digital divide create. But even as our conversation begins to include more nuance about digital literacy (where we understand "access" as more than the ability to touch a thing, but rather as the ability to conceptually and equitably use that thing), the one barrier we commonly ignore—the one barrier that remains whether we're dealing with paper forms or digital—is language.
With VoterVOX, 18 Million Rising hopes to change that.
18 Million Rising is an online advocacy group founded in 2012 to support the civic engagement of the approximately 18 million Asian and Pacific Islanders in the United States. Despite representing six percent of the U.S. population and growing faster than any other demographic, only 55 percent of Asian-American citizens of voting age are registered to vote—the lowest rate of all races.
In a recent Civicist piece, 18 Million Rising's chief technology officer, Cayden Mak, noted that it's all too easy to write off this lack of registration as "voter apathy" rather than examining the systematic failures of our civic infrastructure that prohibit the engagement of this population. Take, for example, the lack of voting information made available in non-English languages.
"There might be hundreds of languages spoken in our country," Mak wrote, "but they aren't spoken by our government."
According to the 2009 Census, 80 percent of Americans speak English. But English is our national language only in an informal sense. Although our Constitution is written in English, although 27 states within the U.S. (and all our inhabited territories) have designated English as their official language, and although there's plenty of precedence worldwide for official languages, the U.S. has no official language—and therefore no mandate to constrict the availability and equitable accessibility of civic material on linguistic grounds.
In fact, we have the opposite mandate. In 1965, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act into law to remove racial and linguistic barriers to the ballot box. In addition to tackling a number of measures related to literacy, the Act also mandated that translated voting ballots and materials be available to language minority populations—but only for those districts where this population is "significant" in its Census-determined density. When evaluated in terms of literal access, this provision goes a long way toward opening up the electoral system. (More access in more languages for more people!) But if we examine it in terms of equitable access—access that is made available fairly, with attention to pre-existing differences in privilege and experience—this provision falls short. Requiring that translation be available only when those who need it live in "significant" numbers institutionalizes a barrier to civic access for those who need it most: the small, present, and growing numbers of U.S. citizens, living all across the country in communities of varying size and composition, designated with "Limited English Proficiency."
The American Community Survey estimates that the number of Asian or Pacific Islander Americans (AAPI) who speak English less than fluently is nearly seven million people. This population is linguistically and ethnically diverse and often speaks non-English languages at home. Even when bilingual voter registration and ballot services are offered to these Americans, there is a notable lack of consistency and quality in support, as evidenced in research from the Asian American Justice Center, Asian and Pacific Islander American Vote, and National Asian American Survey.
With or without English proficiency, with or without the boundaries of an official national tongue, with or without "significant" density, these Americans deserve the right to embody their citizenship and fully participate in our democracy.
But even if we accept this—that equitable civic participation must be founded on equitable access to information, and that the latter means more than just literally having access to info in the language that you need, the question remains: What does equitable access look like?
"Language access is about designing systems that include people in every step of the process," wrote 18MR's Mak, citing research from public policy shop Demos, as well as work from activist Tanzila Ahmed that highlights that, although language is a key barrier to AAPI participation, translation is complicated, and connected to many other information asymmetries that discourage, prevent, or otherwise disenfranchise these potential voters.
"Creating access [to translation] isn't a matter of delivering information from a central source to LEP voters," Mak continued, "but a matter of helping communities organize themselves." This is the underlying strategy for VoterVOX: activate existing community capacity and resources which already support Limited English Proficient citizens and integrate translation of civic information into this structure.
Here's how it works: VoterVOX networks local community partners to match multilingual Asian or Pacific Islander Americans with limited English speakers and provide in-person, one-to-one translation of voting materials and jargon. After the volunteer and the voter-in-need meet and talk, the voter submits their mail-in ballot on their own, while the volunteer uploads their translation and experience to the VoterVOX app as an aid to other volunteers.
Or, rather, that's how it will work. Currently, VoterVOX is still under development. "The spark for #VoterVOX actually came from @beingbrina [Sabrina Hersi Issa]." Mak tweeted during a Twitter chat I took part. Hersi Issa runs Be Bold Media, a tech and media agency focused on human rights, but the particular inspiration Mak referenced was a personal experience. In 2012, Hersi Issa provided one-to-one translation to help her grandmother vote in her first election as a U.S. citizen.
"In the past," Hersi Issa tweeted, "I've built tech to expand access and services to healthcare and humanitarian relief. And in that context, it was vital and necessary to use tech to reimagine systems not designed for marginalized/underrepresented. But until I lived the experience translating at the polls, I did not see the terrible UX [user experience] of our democracy."
Qualitative experiences of discomfort and disenfranchisement can be as valid a call to action as their quantitative measure. We can cite statistics until our faces turn blue (for example, that, according to the Census Current Population Survey, Asian or Pacific Islander Americans are three times more likely than Latin populations to cite language barriers as a reason for not voting, or that, according to a 2012 exit poll from the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, nearly one in four Asian Americans prefer to vote with help from an interpreter or translated materials), but it's lived experiences like Hersi Issa's and countless others, recorded and unrecorded, that demonstrate the true difference between projected and real access to democracy. Investment in these experiences—and in solutions that respond to their call to prioritize context, personal experience, and existing social realities—have been shown to make a difference.
Earlier this year, I conducted a series of studies with the Smart Chicago Collaborative that investigated this approach to creating civic technology: how, in other words, people who want to address a social problem with a technological solution do so with, not for the community they hope to serve. My methodology involved both independent review as well as in-depth self-reporting from 17 projects. The technologies ranged from mobile apps to radio towers, QR codes to hotlines, but the modes employed were largely the same. Chief among them: invest in relationship-building, partner with hyperlocal groups with intersecting interests, lead from common physical and cultural spaces, build the tool that fits (not the app you want), and be a community participant. Not just a participant in any community. A participant in the community you are trying to serve.
VoterVOX, like 18 Million Rising itself, is grounded in Asian-American and Pacific Islander American experiences and realities. Its emphasis on in-person, one-to-one translation might go against the trends of "scalable universality" present in civic tech writ large today (and crowdsourced translation in particular), but VoterVOX's focus on the individual and the communal is a strategic choice—one that, by the measures of its community tech predecessors, implies a high chance of success over the long-run of its implementation. Rather than complicating the process of translation with layers of technology that could ultimately end up further excluding their target population (who may not, for example, share a universal level of digital access and literacy), VoterVOX follows a traditional community organizing method based on meeting people where they are.
And ultimately, that's what all this is about. When our democracy fails to make equitable pathways for participation and inclusion, we as individuals and communities must carve those pathways ourselves. "Meeting people where they are" means just that: physically going to locations that the people you want to serve frequent (libraries, social clubs), working at whatever degree of educational or technological skill the people you want to serve posses, and collaborating with the social structures these individuals and communities already rely on (families, community groups, senior centers).
If realized, VoterVOX won't just be the latest in civic technology, but a manifestation of democracy. The equitable kind. The actually accessible kind. The only kind of civic tech, or democratic work, worth investing in.
This post originally appeared in New America's digital magazine, The Weekly Wonk, a Pacific Standard partner site. Sign up to get The Weekly Wonk delivered to your inbox, and follow @NewAmerica on Twitter.
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First Shot in Terror War Killed RFK
By Michael R. Fischbach
Michael R. Fischbach is a history professor at Randolph- Macon College in Ashland, Va. His book "Records of Dispossession: Palestinian Refugee Property and the Arab-Israeli Conflict" will be published in October by Columbia University Press and the Institute for Palestine Studies.
Thirty-five years ago, early in the morning of June 5, 1968, the United States received a stark warning about the costs of its foreign policy when New York Sen. Robert F. Kennedy was shot and killed in Los Angeles, just hours after he won the Democratic presidential primary in California.
That night, a young man named Sirhan Bishara Sirhan raised a cheap .22-caliber pistol in the Ambassador Hotel and aimed at Kennedy from a distance of just a few yards. When former L.A. Rams football player Rosey Grier and others tackled Sirhan as he was still firing his weapon, the shooter cried out, "I can explain." Explain what?
He also allegedly said, "I did it for my country." What country? What exactly was Sirhan trying to say? And did the United States listen?
What Americans seemed to see in the assassination was yet another political murder climaxing a decade ripped by violence: JFK, Vietnam, Watts, Detroit, Newark, Martin Luther King and now RFK. Time magazine seemed to speak for millions when it asked, "Why?" and darkly spoke of "deep doubts about the stability of America."
Time went on to state that the best way for the country to move forward was by "eradicating the conditions that trigger the assassin's finger." In an effort to do that, President Lyndon B. Johnson quickly appointed a commission to investigate violence in the U.S. and asked Congress for gun control legislation.
These were real issues, to be sure, but were they the only ones? What was Sirhan trying to explain?
In fact, Robert Kennedy's murder offered another, utterly different lesson that the nation completely failed to absorb, a lesson about Palestinian anger. The Robert Kennedy assassination was the first case of Middle Eastern "terrorism" here at home -- decades before the 1993 and 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, decades before Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda became household names.
Sirhan was a Palestinian whose parents had fled their home in West Jerusalem as refugees during the first Arab-Israeli war, in 1948, when he was 4 years old. Raised first in Jordanian-controlled East Jerusalem and later in Pasadena, Sirhan grew up deeply embittered about Israel and the plight of his fellow Palestinian refugees.
Sen. Kennedy, by contrast, admired the Israelis, a feeling that dated from his days as a young correspondent for the Boston Post covering the war in Palestine in 1948. Sirhan's early support for Kennedy turned to hatred after the senator advocated the sale of advanced F-4 Phantom jets to Israel in the wake of the 1967 war in the Middle East, a war that also signaled the growing U.S. support for the Jewish state.
Sirhan's diaries revealed the depth of his swelling anger when they recorded, "RFK must die!"
Kennedy was shot one year to the day after Israel launched the 1967 war.
Although most Americans quickly became aware after the assassination that Sirhan was an Arab (he was referred to as a "Jordanian" citizen), the source of his rage was not clearly explained in most stories. In those days few people even knew what a "Palestinian" was -- Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir said shortly afterward that there was "no such thing" as a Palestinian people and that "they did not exist" -- and even fewer understood their grievances.
The occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip by the Israelis was barely a year old, and the Palestine Liberation Organization would not be taken over by Yasser Arafat until a year later. The hijackings and killings that would bring the Palestinians to the center of the world stage had not yet begun.
Did we miss an important, early opportunity to draw important conclusions about the political backlash we might experience as a result of U.S. policy in the Middle East? Sirhan may have been mentally unstable -- and there was plenty of testimony at his trial to suggest as much -- but he clearly saw himself, as today's suicide bombers see themselves, as fighting for the Palestinian people. It also seems clear that Sirhan's fellow Palestinians became convinced after the assassination that high-profile violence might advance their cause and put the name Palestinian into the headlines: One month later, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacked its first plane, an Israeli passenger jet; 14 months after that, the front hijacked its first American plane.
Some Palestinians clearly saw Sirhan as a hero; in February 1973, when members of the Black September organization seized (and eventually killed) American hostages at the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Khartoum, one of their demands was the release of Sirhan.
Bin Laden and the Al Qaeda operatives who attacked the World Trade Center and the Pentagon decades later were, like Sirhan, Arabs motivated by anger at American foreign policy toward the Middle East. But today, as in 1968, Americans seem to obfuscate this political motivation by focusing on what our leaders insist are broader cultural reasons for the attacks.
The president and the secretary of State quickly called the terrorist strikes an "attack on civilization" and assaults "on democracy." In dodging any political motivations for 9/11, our leaders are doing us a great disservice at this crucial time by leading us down the same path of delusion as when many Americans de-politicized Robert Kennedy's murder 35 years ago.
The roots of terrorism, like those of crime, are complex. They require an appreciation of the complexities and interconnectedness of the modern world. I fear that once again the nation is missing an opportunity to address the hard questions posed by violent acts associated with its role in the Middle East. Who knows where we might be today if we had learned different lessons from the tragedy of June 1968? Have we already missed the lesson of September 2001 by invading Afghanistan and now Iraq?


Our 2018 Bucket List…An Update!
The family room is 90% done, there are just a few photos to go in the walls. I would love some new lights and I need to arrange everything on my desk. But I absolutely love what we've done to the room so far.
We know what we want to do, we now need to go to the garden centre and find out how much its going to cost. Then save for it!
Yes! I'm so pleased that I've been able to do our bedroom. The shutters are on order and not due until June. The shelves are coming mid-April and I need to decide what to do on the wall behind our bed. But I LOVE this room!
We've taken them off, we now just need to practise more. But with all the snow and rain we've not had much chance.
Same as above, the weather has been against us.
I think I've done this. What with all the snow days and rainy days we've done lots of baking.
We are having a day date this weekend and we can't wait.
We had this booked and it got cancelled due to the snow. Alice and I are now doing it this weekend and can't wait.
I can't believe how much we've managed to do already. Just writing this post I can already see what a difference this year is going to be to any other. I guess it's a sign that our girls are growing up, which makes it easier to go away more.
I'm excited for the plans we've made for the rest of the year.
Previous Post: « A Trip To…CBeebiesland At Alton Towers!
Looks like you are doing well with the bucket list!
Wow! You are all doing so well, what a fantastic start to the year. We are also having our holiday in Cornwall this year and I can't wait!
You're doing so well! Oh my word your house is absolutely beautiful too.


Which is the best laptops for engineering students? That was our question and we set out to find out the answer! Finding the right laptop for an engineering program is going to be one of the most critical pieces of equipment while in school so we went to the schools as well as researched online to determine what were the requirements from dozens of engineering programs at colleges and universities.
While there was certainly some variation between programs and requirements, there was definitely a general theme for school recommendations for laptops.
Check out Dell Inspiron: Best Laptop Under 500 for Engineering Students!
Best Engineering Laptop Under 1000? Lenovo Flex 4 – Check It Out Now!
When choosing the best laptops for engineering students, we spent a lot of time understanding what were the technical specs that many schools were requiring in order to make the right choices for our list this year. The following are basic guidelines and minimum requirements a mobile workstation for an engineering student should meet. If you can afford to upgrade from the basic list, it is something worth considering.
We noted that many schools were recommending both desktops and laptops for Engineering majors which is different than many other programs that we've researched. In addition, the best laptops for Engineering students were along the lines of PCs over Macs. That's due, in part, to the fact that several of the applications and programs utilized in an engineering program are PC based. A Macbook can be used by those Mac lovers, but you'll have to run Parallels or another option to handle some of your school's program requirements.
The good thing about Dell laptops is they are well established, popular and used widely in many fields. For this reason, if you are looking for a reliable laptop that won't disappoint you and will be able to keep up with your needs, Dell is a good brand to consider. Furthermore, this brand has so many cool models on the market and therefore, you have a variety of choices to choose from. However, for the purposes of engineering students, we've picked Dell Inspiron a model that is not only top rated but has nice specs that meet the requirements of engineering students.
Dell Inspiron 5000 15 Inch Laptop: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
Dell Inspiron series of laptops have a good reputation when it comes to performance and stability. The specs of this 15.6 inch laptop allow it to feature on this list thanks to a 6th generation Intel Core i5 processor 2.3 GHz with maximum boost speed up to 2.8GHz; 4MB L3 Cache, 8GB DDR3L 1600 MHz, and 1 TB Hard Drive meaning speed is something you don't need to worry about. In addition, it has a Full HD 1920 x 1080 screen and Intel HD Graphics 520 to ensure your graphics remain top quality as you enjoy working with the laptop.
Other features include Intel RealSense 3D camera, Waves MaxxAudio Pro, Backlit keyboard, SD card reader, DVD+/-RW, 2 USB 3.0 ports and HDMI. You can comfortably multitask and still have your laptop remain stable and perform optimally. This is important given the fact engineering applications may be memory intensive and therefore, stability is a key factor. At around $500, it's definitely a good deal you wouldn't want to miss!
There's a new model of this laptop that's out as well and fits our criteria for top laptops for Engineering students. Priced at under $1000, you can check out that model on Amazon.
Dell Precision models make it to the list of the best laptops for engineering students because of their cool specs and ability to quickly execute tasks. They may not be the cheapest options on our list, but they definitely are some of the best performing ones. We also ought to mention the numerous awards and Editor's Choice selections that this line has earned as well! Packed with the latest technologies, Dell Precision laptops have been built for excellence and built with the latest technological features to help you realize reach your goals. These laptops work at their peak level and focus on increasing your efficiency and maximizing your time while working.
The following are top rated Dell Precision models that have high marks for performance as well as fitting our list of the Best Laptops for Engineering Students.
Dell Mobile Precision 5520: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
This is a thin and light laptop with exceptional results and priced over $2000, it ought to deliver all that it does. This awesome laptop comes with exceptional features that include a Core i7 processor, 32GB RAM and 1TB SSD Drive NVIDIA Quadro M1200 4GB. This mobile workstation is seriously a top performer that can get a lot of work done in less time. Using this laptop, you can fast-track your work and work efficiently with the most demanding software applications. Professional grade graphics make it easier to work with intense graphic applications which is a key advantage for engineering students.
Dell Precision 7520 15 Inch: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
Quality is everywhere in this laptop! It's currently priced over $2000 so if you are looking for one of the best laptops for Engineering that guarantees a smooth and versatile PC experience and comes in a 15 inch size, the Dell Mobile Precision 7520 is definitely a good pick. With a PremierColor UHD display, powerful Core i7 Processor and 32GB RAM, there is so much you can achieve with this premium laptop. Thanks to a powerful 7th generation processor, the speed is superb. In addition, high performance graphic features make it possible to see crisp images and comfortably work with intensive-graphic programs.
HP ZBook series of laptops makes it to the list of the Best Laptops for Engineering Students because they are popular with professionals, including engineers, as well as the student crowd. This workstation has been exceptionally designed which makes it ideal in meeting the needs of both professional and student engineers. Using these laptops, you can expect high levels of productivity thanks to the superb multitasking capabilities. The inclusion of excellent specs and ability to run specialized engineering software applications makes HP ZBook a worth while contender. If you haven't tried HP ZBook laptops yet, it's time to do so.
HP ZBook 15U: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
Engineering students looking for a 15.6 inch laptop that offers superb performance can opt for this extraordinary laptop that is known for its fast performance and stellar graphics. Packed with the latest features such as Intel Core i7 processor, 16GB RAM and up to 32 GB DDR4 memory. There is so much you can achieve with this laptop that combines technology and style to cater for the needs of modern users. There is no doubt this laptop is a great pick that offers you good value for your money.
HP ZBook G4 15 Inch Laptop: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
There is no doubt this laptop is designed to improve performance, productivity and all for increased mobility. Specifically created for creative and design professionals, it is considered among the top best laptops for engineering students. There is no compromise happening here as you won't need to settle for less but, rather, have an enjoyable experience using this laptop.
The HP ZBook 15 has been used by NASA in their International Space Station; you can imagine all that you can achieve with it. With a Core i5 Processor and 16GB DDR4 SDRAM, HP ZBook deserves to be on this list of engineering students looking for an awesome laptop and is currently priced around $2400.
HP ZBook 17 Inch Laptop: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
Despite having achieved great success with other HP ZBook models, HP has raised the bar higher with this new state-of-the-art ZBook 17 that is associated with faster speeds, light in weight and extended battery life. In addition, this brand has awesome features which include Core i7 Processor, 16GB memory, a wide variety of GPU and display options. A lot of people love ZBook 17 because of its friendly price tag that averages around $1,500. Windows 10 and UHD displays are some of the major highlights of this mobile workstation. This is definitely a great option especially for buyers looking for a great laptop with a limited budget.
There is no doubt Lenovo has worked hard to release great models for both businesses and engineers. These laptops are excellent portable workstations which makes them rank highly among the best laptops for engineering students. The super fast speeds and awesome features built specifically for engineers makes this brand a great option to consider. If you are thinking of investing in an engineering mobile workstation that won't disappoint, think of Lenovo Thinkpad. Below are the best and top rated Lenovo Thinkpad laptops for engineering students.
Lenovo ThinkPad Yoga: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
If you're looking for a laptop that doesn't disappoint in performance, you've got to try out Lenovo ThinkPad P40 Yoga. With a 6th Generation Core i7 processor, 8GB SDRAM and a 14" Full HD IPS 1920 x 1080, this laptop definitely deserves a spot as one of the best laptops for engineering students. Using this laptop, you can take your creativity and productivity to a whole new level. This laptop comes with ISV- certified NVIDIA graphics for crisp visuals. It's also one of the more affordable laptops for engineering students.
LenovoFlex 3 15.6 inch laptop: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
Lenovo Flex 3 is an innovation masterpiece whose great specs make it a good option for the best laptops for engineering students. This 2-in-1 laptop is built with a 15 inch Full HD touchscreen and a 2.3GHz Intel Core i5 processor with 3MB cache, 8GB DDR4 RAM and 256 GB SSD. Before discussing other specs, it's already evident Lenovo Flex 3 is a powerful laptop that quickly responds to user requests and supports multitasking. It's worth noting this workstation has Turbo technology with the capability of speeding up the processor to 2.8GHz in cases that call for greater speed and performance.
If you love working with laptops with crisp and clear HD images, this model has a 1920 x 1080 resolution and an LCD display with an aspect ratio of 16:9. For faster connections, this laptop comes with 1 USB 2.0 ports and 2 USB 3.0 ports. Get to enjoy up to 8.5 hours of battery life meaning you can go anywhere with this laptop and continue with your work. A 360 degree flip-and-flop design allows switch between laptop and tablet modes.
LenovoFlex 4 14 inch laptop: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
This Lenovo Flex 4 is a 14 inch 2-in-1 Full HD Premium Flagship laptop that comes with a highly responsive touch. The major specs that make this laptop stand out as one of the best laptops for engineering students include a powerful Intel Core i7 2.7 GHz processor up to 3.5 GHz 4MB cache, 512 Solid State Drive, 16GB DDR4, AMD Radeon R5 M430 2 GB and 2 USB 3.0 ports. This model comes with 1920 x 1080 FHD LED backlight IPS Display Touch Screen and 360 degrees flip-and-flop design.
Engineering students can rely on this laptop whose specs have been designed to ensure a smooth computing experience. The cool thing about this laptop is you can use it for both work and play. Just like other Lenovo models, a lot of thought was put into designing this laptop. It may be small with a 14" screen but it's powerful and stable.
Lenovo ThinkPad P51: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
The Lenovo ThinkPad is a favorite for many. Coming with a 15.6-inch screen, you have the option of choosing whether you want 7th generation Intel Core or v6 Xeon CPU, Quadro GPU and an amazing UHD IPS display that allows you to enjoy 180-degrees viewing. Lenovo ThinkPad P51 is excellent with both performance and expandability. In addition, you have plenty of memory for your engineering projects as this laptop is built with 64GB RAM and 4TB storage. There are numerous high-speed ports, HDMI, Ethernet and a card reader.
With all these great specs, there is no reason why Lenovo ThinkPad P51 shouldn't meet your expectations though it's price is currently around $3,000, making it the most expensive option on the list.
Acer Aspire's have been winning awards and gaining high marks since they first hit the market. Recent honors include Computex's Design and Innovation award as well as International CES Innovation Awards for Design and Engineering.
Acer Aspire 15 inch laptop for engineering students: Check it out on Amazon for the latest price!
No, the Acer Aspire F15 is not going to take off and land like the plane! But it is going accelerate what and how you perform in your engineering program this year. Acer calls it "Powerhouse Everyday Computing", and that exactly what this machine does!
Loaded with features like some more expensive laptops, this 15 inch laptop is definitely worth checking out. Comes with a 7th generation Intel Core i7 processor 2.7 GHz w/ turbo boost technology to 3.5GHz, 12GB DDR4 dual channel memory, 128GB SSD and 1 TB SATA hard drive means there isn't anything that you won't be able to do in school this year! Plus we love the up to 12 hours of battery life since we've yet to meet a student that doesn't forget to re-charge occasionally (ok, often…).
Getting ready for college or university is an exciting and challenging time! Making sure that you have the right equipment that you need to succeed in school is critical to your long term success. And having the right laptop for engineering is certainly one piece that can make a huge difference!
Whether you are going to be studying computer engineering, electrical engineering, or are looking for the best laptop of mechanical engineering (to name a few areas) – We're certain that one of these laptops that made our list for Best Laptops for Engineering will help you achieve your goals in school!


text:
Ann Mari Falk, född 19 december 1916 i Stockholm, död 27 juni 1988 i Johannes församling i Stockholm, var en svensk författare och översättare. Hon gick i Franska skolan och senare handelsutbildning. Åren 1935–1951 arbetade hon som försäkringstjänsteman. Hon var dotter till civilingenjör Fritz Söderbergh och syster till författaren Bengt Söderbergh. Hon var först gift med Jan Falk och sedan med författaren Uno Eng. Med Uno Eng fick hon sonen Nils Uno 1948.

Ann Mari Falk skrev främst barn- och ungdomsböcker men även några romaner och deckare för vuxna. Hennes barnböcker var realistiska med psykologiskt inträngande porträtt. Motivet i ungdomsböckerna är ofta en konflikt (t.ex. skilsmässa, dödsfall) som påverkar de unga personerna och hur de lär sig acceptera tillvaron och omgivningens brister. Ett återkommande tema är de vuxnas besvikelse över hur livet blev och hur detta påverkar hela familjen. I barnböckerna är föräldrarna mer positivt skildrade.

Som översättare ägnade hon sig huvudsakligen åt att översätta barn- och ungdomsböcker från norska, danska och engelska. Ann Mari Falk är gravsatt i minneslunden på Norra begravningsplatsen utanför Stockholm.

Bibliografi

Fruntimmer, noveller 1944
Sommarnöje 1947
Lek 1948
Taga bot 1949
Lätta livets bördor 1950
Ringlinje 1951
Sommar 1951
Birgitta går i dansen 1952
Barbro finner en ö 1953
En dag i april 1954
Barbros hösttermin 1955
Barbro i Paris 1956
Marika debuterar 1956
Min kusin Anne 1957
Kusin Anne i skolan 1957
Pojken från kobben 1958
Katrin och fröken Bråttom 1959
Vem är Ulla? 1959
Sommaren på Löwberga 1959
Katrin och Lotta firar jul 1960
Flickan på udden 1960
Mats blåser såpbubblor (ill. av Ilon Wikland) 1961
Mord i dockskåp 1961
Vår vän Mica 1961
Mats och Eva-Karin firar midsommar (ill. av Ilon Wikland) 1962
Askungen och döden 1962
Ingen vanlig Stina 1962
Kerstin och Sebastian 1963
Min syster Agneta 1963
Mats kommer till stan (ill. av Ilon Wikland) 1964
Petra 1964
Tvillingarnas födelsedag 1964
Madame är död 1964
En dam försvinner 1965

Anders ute med Taxi 1966
När Lasse Larsson åkte ambulans (ill. av Tord Nygren) 1966
Lyckospindeln 1966
När Lasse Larsson blev husse (ill. av Tord Nygren) 1967
Pojken i fönstret 1967
Vådeld 1967
Kojan i trädet 1968
Dialog 1968
Skyll inte på Ruffa (ill. av Ilon Wikland) 1969
Janna och Jerker 1969
Måns i Vasastan 1969
Min Martina 1970
Lisbeth 1971
När Kajsa och Klas försvann 1971
Kom och lek, Ruffa! (ill. av Ilon Wikland) 1972
Mårten med den röda tröjan 1973
Sparka inte katten 1973
Tiger var är du? (ill. av Veronica Leo) 1974
När Kajsa och Klas gick vilse 1974
Pensionat Träslottet 1975
Cirkus Balja (ill. av Veronica Leo) 1976
Min bror Fredrik 1976
Gruvligt mord 1976
Fredriks dröm 1977
Skepp ohoj! (ill. av Joan Sandin) 1978
Räkna med bråk 1978
Bara på skoj 1979
Källartrappan 1980
När Anton talade sanning 1982
När Rödluvan bet vargen 1984
Resan tillbaka 1984
"Leta efter Ullabella: om Marika Stiernstedts berömda flickbok". I Barndomens böcker 1984

Priser och utmärkelser
1952 – Boklotteriets stipendiat
1953 – Tidningen Vi:s litteraturpris
1959 – Boklotteriets stipendiat
1968 – Astrid Lindgren-priset

Litteratur
 De läses än. A-L (BTJ, 1992)
Lars Furuland: Ord och bilder för barn och ungdom. 1. Barnlitteraturen, 1990
Margot Nilsson: "Tonåringars beteenden i några ungdomsböcker". I Barnbok och barnboksforskning, 1972
Hans Peterson: "Ann Mari Falk". I Barn och kultur 1976:6

Referenser

Noter

Övriga källor
Litteraturlexikon: svensk litteratur under 100 år (Natur och kultur, 1974), s. 76

Vidare läsning

Externa länkar

Svenska författare under 1900-talet
Svenskspråkiga författare
Svenska författare av barn- och ungdomslitteratur
Svenska översättare
Översättare från norska
Översättare från danska
Översättare från engelska
Författare från Stockholm
Översättare från Stockholm
Gravsatta på Norra begravningsplatsen i Stockholm
Födda 1916
Avlidna 1988
Kvinnor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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zinnia cut flower production
Zinnias can be successfully direct seeded or transplanted. They can be grown in the field or in a high tunnel and thrive in Utah's hot summers once they are established. Buy Magellan Zinnia Flower Seeds Online. Although categorically a tender perennial, this species is most often grown as an annual for cut-flower production, as first-year plantings are more dependable in most regions. They can last as long as 2 weeks in a vase – take that roses! Zinnia Cultivar Production Trials; ... North Carolina is proud to have a comprehensive cut flower program focusing on all aspects of the cut flower industry from new cultivar evaluations to greenhouse and field production … Zinnias make good edging plants, but are also effective when grown in masses. To produce bushier plants, pinch the tops out of plants when they are four to six inches high. Color. While they do have a higher number of days to maturity than sunflowers and zinnias, most of that period is devoted to seedling development. Summer-long celebration of sensuous color! Full Description. Most varieties begin to bloom when very young and continue to bloom until frost. This cut flower variety will attract pollinators to increase garden production, but can also be used to harvest beautiful, colorful bouquets of flowers. Brighter varieties offer a fresh appeal, with lighter yellow petals and green centers, as in the case of All-America Selections Winner 'Prairie Sun.'. It grows up to three feet tall and has single or double flowers in pink, rose, red, cherry, lavender, purple, orange, salmon, gold, yellow, white, cream or light green. Select options. Weeds can be cla… Beehive-types have small blooms with stacks of flat petals resembling small beehives. CUT FLOWERS GEORGE J. To learn more about our use of cookies, as well as the categories of personal information we collect and your choices, please read our Privacy Policy. Plants should be kept well-watered and fertilized two times per month for optimum bloom. As one of the easiest cut flowers to cultivate, they are a perfect first crop for beginning growers and are reliable, prolific producers for most flower farms. As your Zinnias blooms and fade, you can deadhead by trimming each flower off at the stem to promote more flower production. Remove faded blossoms to encourage new blooms. Zinnias are the workhorse of the farmer's market, too. Zinnias are a warm-season annual in Utah. Zinnias a top flower for nectar, color and cut flowers Calvin Finch, Gardening April 6, 2017 Updated: April 6, 2017 2:42 p.m. Facebook Twitter Email LinkedIn Reddit Pinterest MAJUS Queen of Africa Height: up to 48 in . Nothing says summer more than an armload of cheerful zinnias. After zinnias flower, cut off the old flowers (a process called "deadheading") to encourage more flowers to form. The petals are sunny, warm, and dramatic in tone, ranging from chocolate to cherry red, copper, and gold. Our trials have yielded up a wide palette of high-performing choices that will work well for you, whether you're into floriculture for business or pleasure. Separate roots as carefully as possible and place seedlings into their new cells up to the first set of leaves (the seedling leaves). Zinnias are resilient, however, there are a few diseases that can bring them down. Germination takes five to seven days. These cut flower varieties are reliable, beautiful and smell great! This variety forms bold, 8-inch broad heads on long, multibranched stems. The classic, golden yellow with dark centers are popular for bright or earthy high-summer and autumn bouquets, whereas those with green centers or lemon-colored petals are useful for fresh-looking spring and early-summer bouquets. An EEO/AA employer, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title VI, Title IX, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requirements. 'California Giant' eventually won a gold medal from the Royal Horticulture Society of England. See more ideas about Zinnias, Bloom, Plants. Another plus for zinnias is the breadth of size and shape they offer. The Zinnia has a composite flower … Zinnias have few insect pests, but occasionally can have problems with aphids (see University of Wisconsin Garden Facts XHT1043), four-lined plant bugs (see University of Wisconsin Garden Facts XHT1101) and spider mites. This is the process of cutting off the old flowers to encourage more flowers to form. Interest in zinnias increased in 1920 when Bodger Seeds Ltd. introduced the dahlia-flowered varieties 'Giant Dahlia' and 'California Giant'. Button-types are similar but have flatter flowers. Double-flowered zinnias have so many rows of petals that flower centers are hidden. Zinnias typically continue producing blooms as long as the season lasts, and as long as the blooms are cut or trimmed away. There are two primary ways to plant in order to achieve a successive harvest: Because sunflowers — especially single-stem varieties — have a fast production time, both methods can be used separately or in combination for a full season of bright blooms. Rudbeckia hirta is quite susceptible to powdery mildew. Zinnias require fewer inputs than other cut flowers, but site selection and management, trellising, harvest techniques, and cultivar traits are important considerations for success. Zinnias are a great choice for the beginner gardener and a long time favorite of all gardeners. Cut Zinnias just before the blooms are completely open and when temperatures are cool. Zinnia Cactus Mix has strong stems which hold the big blooms and keep them from breaking the stems. There are many additional varieties you can consider for your particular needs. Only varieties 'Bonita Red' and 'Bonita Yellow' are readily available. Branching varieties are also valued for their greater diversity of colors, shapes, and flower size. The color range of zinnia blooms is truly impressive — from the intense, high-chroma Benary's Giant Series to the delicate, subdued tones of 'Creamy Yellow', 'Oklahoma Salmon', and 'Queen Red Lime'. These varieities had large, flat-flowered heads and multiple colors. Flower farmers will attest that zinnias with their brilliant colors, easy care and long vase life are one of the most profitable flowers to grow. Add a product that extends cut flower's life to the collection bucket to help keep the flowers fresh. The Pumila Zinnia produces a mix of pink, purple, orange, red, white and yellow semi-double to double blooms that are 1-1.5 inches wide. Your browser's Javascript functionality is turned off. Sunflowers 2 • Zinnias 3 • Rudbeckia. Space plants four to 24 inches apart depending on variety. The Cut and Come Again Zinnia is just like its name, its the best variety for those who love fresh cut flowers again and again! Zinnias require fewer inputs than other cut flowers, but site selection and management, … Blooming in late summer and early fall, Rudbeckia triloba makes autumn bouquets sparkle. In Stock Add to Wishlist Quick View. The flowers are excellent for cutting and the bouquets can last a week or more in the vase. The following is a partial listing of herbicides that can beused in cut flower production. Learn the step-by-step process on how to deadhead Zinnias in Pots. Varieties such as Benary's Giant, Cut and Come, State Fair, Oklahoma, Edwardian Mix, and Cactus Flowered Mix are all excellent choice for commercial cut flower zinnia production. Shop Hot Products Starting $15. They will start blooming in July, from transplant, here in Maine, which is earlier than many other cut flowers. Information from the research programs is included here as well as links to a variety of sites that will be useful to cut flower growers. North Carolina is proud to have a comprehensive cut flower program focusing on all aspects of the cut flower industry from new cultivar evaluations to greenhouse and field production to postharvest handling. Cactus-types have twisted, bent petals with rolled edges. Most look for flowers that are: These features are universally desirable in cut flowers because they increase the chances of success — whether you are just delving in or you are a seasoned grower whose plans demand plentiful no-fuss performers. Stem length and flower … These plants had dull purplish-red, daisy-like flowers with single petals surroundng a protruding cone. As soon as you cut the stem with sharp scissors or a knife, place the stem in the water. Benary's Giant Purple zinnia seeds produce giant dahlia-flowered zinnias is an excellent choice for both cut flower growers and garden centers who sell to gardeners wanting cuts. See more ideas about Garden, Zinnia garden, Flower garden. Zinnias are good cut flowers. Suitable for greenhouse, field and garden cut flower production… Space plants 4 to 24 inches apart depending on the variety. $1.99. 2020 Zinnia Coupons and Promo Code. Zinnias are short-day plants for flower-bud initiation, which means that they initiate vegetative growth when the days are long dark period 10 hours or less and flower development when the days are shorter. Zinnia Magellan Series Coral is a 2005 All-America Selections (AAS) Flower Winner for its "brilliant coral petals," "consistent flower production," and "earliness to bloom." All-America Selections is an independent non-profit organization committed to award-winning flowers and vegetables. Taller varieties make good background plants in flowerbeds, while smaller varieties are suitable for container plantings. Sign up for growing tips, exclusive offers, and new product info. Another major advantage to sunflowers is that they lend themselves beautifully to succession planting, so you can achieve a season-long harvest. Size & Shape. Zinnias are annuals and will die with the first hard frost of fall. With this selection, the necks are strong. In addition, they are excellent for pollinator plantings and are especially attractive to butterflies. Zinnias are great additions to butterfly gardens and many varieties make excellent cut flowers. Zinnia Flower Seeds 10; Zinnia Plantlings 1; Rating ★★★★★ 3 ★★★★★ 0 ★★★★★ 0 ★★★★★ 0 ★★★★★ 1; No reviews 8; Zinnia Seeds, Giant Cactus Flowered Mixed Colors SKU: 6740. This signals the plant to send up multiple stems from below where the cut was made, resulting in more abundant flower production as well as longer stem length. Zinnia cultivars commonly used for outdoor cut flower production. In addition, they are excellent for pollinator plantings and are especially attractive to butterflies.
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zinnia cut flower production 2020


Many times over the last decade I have been given – and shared with you – beautiful and strange stories about the presence of angels. From shimmering light in the corner of the room to a blind old beggar in Crete, a Rastafarian who could see the future, a Sikh who held a ladder, beautiful beings dressed in white and soft feathery wings brushing sleeping faces. Just as many people describe in detail their positive encounters with our 'celestial messengers', as those who ask reassurance of their very existence.
I can't tell you how your angel will look, to you. But I do know that Angels and Ascended Masters can manifest in any form when required to do so, depending on the situation. My understanding is that they will appear to you in a way that is unique to you, within the realms of your personal perception and understanding. Sometimes in human form, or as lights and sensations or even in the form of animals; whatever it takes, to strengthen your faith in the Divine.
A young woman, whom we'll call Ann, wrote to me regularly, some time ago, whilst suffering depression in an abusive relationship. She could see no escape from the torment and despair. Her emails were heart-rending and at times I could fully empathise with her reluctance to have faith when their seemed no hope, no light in her darkness.
Although Ann said that she believed in angels, her self-esteem was so low that it was a mammoth task to convince her that if she called for help, it would certainly come. In her low opinion of herself and her plight, why would an angel be bothered with her? I managed to convince her to try asking for a sign from her angels that they are always there and love her. I encouraged her to call on Archangel Michael for protection and Archangel Uriel for strength of purpose.
I didn't hear from her for a while, until one day when she wrote to say that she had finally asked the angels for help after another terrible incident at home. This was the last straw and she prayed to her angels asking them to show her a sign of their presence. She felt she needed some space and went to a bench in a nearby playground to make plans. An old lady came and sat next to her on the bench. They sat together in silence for a while as Ann was consumed by her thoughts. Then the old woman stood up to leave. She turned and smiled saying "You will get through this my dear, you can do it. You'll be all right. You will be safe. You'll see".
Ann was stunned. How could the old woman have read her thoughts? Was she an angel in disguise? Could this be the answer to her prayer for reassurance?
To her delight and surprise there was a white feather on the bench where the old woman had been sitting. Ann had heard that feathers often appear as confirmation that angels are present.
The effect was astounding. Immediately Ann found the courage to leave with her son, she found work and a place to live through amazing synchronicity and her strength and faith have now enabled her to share her remarkable story with others, of her angel in human form. Guardian angels are ever present, you may be surprised when they appear when they are least expected, even as passing strangers, bringing comfort and fulfilling your prayers in the simplest of ways.


These sessions are 30 minutes long, take place in your home and include up to 10 high resolution images hand edited by me. You will choose your images from an online gallery. Once images are chosen you will be given a link to download them.
*There is an option to upgrade your gallery to include more images (up to 30). Upgrades are an additional $75.


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Q: Display notification every time I minimize app Context:
My app has 5 activities:

*

*SplashScreenActivity - starts service

*MainActivity - selects Activity 1,2 or 3

*Activity 1

*Activity 2

*Activity 3

Currently I create notification in onCreate method of the service, which display recent activity after touching, based on

*

*android How to open last activity when tapping notification

*Resume application and stack from notification

*How to open last activity from notification status bar?
Problem
setOngoing method Notification.Builder is annoying - is always here, independent if my app is in foreground or not. So I change to the setAutoCancel method, but works only for first use.
Example:
I run my app - splashscreen activity (notification is shown) -> main activity -> select Activity 1 - minimize. Now click notification - brings Activity 1 (OK), but notification is dismissed and never shown.
Question

How to display notification, every time I minimize app?

A: Simple override onPause and put the notification logic there.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Виви́ка Анджане́тта Фокс (; род. 30 июля 1964, Саут-Бенд, Индиана, США) — американская актриса и продюсер. Прорывом в карьере Фокс стала роль в фильме 1996 года «День независимости», после чего она исполняла основные роли в таких фильмах, как «Вызов» (1996), «Пища для души» (1997), «Почему дураки влюбляются» (1998) и «Игра для двоих» (2001). Фокс также известна благодаря роли Верниты Грин в дилогии «Убить Билла», а в дополнении к этому снялась в более чем семидесяти кинофильмах, как голливудских, так и независимых и низкобюджетных для выхода сразу на видео. Фокс также известна благодаря работам на телевидении, где она часто выступала продюсером реалити-шоу.

Ранние годы
Родилась в городе Саут-Бенд, штат Индиана. Вивика имеет афроамериканское и индейское происхождение. Окончила Арлингтонскую среднюю школу в Индианаполисе, штат Индиана. В колледже «Голден Вест» получила степень в области социальных наук.

Карьера
В 1988 году Фокс начала свою карьеру с ролей в дневных мыльных операх «Поколения», «Дни нашей жизни» и «Молодые и дерзкие». Она снялась в пилотном эпизоде ситкома ABC «Живые куклы», спин-оффе «Кто здесь босс?», но после она была заменена на Хэлли Берри. В 1992-93 годах она играла роль дочери модельера героини Патти Лабель, в ситкоме NBC «Всю ночь». В начале 1990-х она также появлялась в эпизодах «Беверли-Хиллз, 90210», «Принц из Беверли-Хиллз», «Семейные узы» и «Мэтлок».

В 1996 году Фокс приняла участие в съёмках фильмов «День независимости» с Уиллом Смитом и «Вызов» с Кимберли Элиз, Джадой Пинкетт и Куин Латифа. Благодаря этим картинам многие критики обратили на неё своё пристальное внимание, а некоторые известные голливудские режиссёры стали предлагать ей первые роли в своих картинах. В 1997 году она снялась в фильме «Пища для души» с Ванессой Уильямс, там она сыграла роль Максин. В следующем году Fox дал Фокс собственный ситком Getting Personal, который просуществовал лишь семнадцать эпизодов. В 2000 году она сыграла основную роль в первом сезоне афро-драмы CBS «Городские ангелы». Более удачно Фокс снималась в романтических комедиях с афро-американскими героями, среди которых были «Почему дураки влюбляются», «На том свете», «Игра для двоих» и «Суперстар». Также она сыграла в дилогии Тарантино «Убить Билла». В дополнение у неё были роли второго плана в фильмах «Бэтмен и Робин», «Рука-убийца», «Убить миссис Тингл», «Морское приключение» и «Заколдованная Элла».

В начале 2000-х Фокс создала собственную производственную компанию и начала продюсировать кинофильмы и телевизионные проекты. Первым из них стал сериал «Миссия ясновидения» (2003—2006) для Lifetime, где она также сыграла одну из основных ролей. Фокс также работала ведущей в различных телевизионных реалити-шоу. В 2006 году она участвовала в третьем сезоне «Танцы со звездами», а в 2015 году — в «Кандидат». Фокс также продолжала брать на себя второстепенные роли на телевидении, в таких шоу как «Умерь свой энтузиазм». Тем временем большинство её фильмов были произведены для выхода Direct-to-video. В 2015 году она взяла на себя роль злобной старшей сестры Куки Лайон в прайм-тайм мыльной опере «Империя».

Личная жизнь
В декабре 1998 года она связала себя узами брака с певцом Кристофером Харвестом, но в июне 2002 года супруги подали на развод.

Частичная фильмография

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт

Телепродюсеры США
Актрисы озвучивания США
Киноактрисы США


Pack your bathers in your bike basket for the region's Top Pedal 'n' Dips to make the most of the pristine mountain-fed rivers and lakes of the North East. The region also boasts some of Victoria's best recreational fishing in Victoria, so leave room for a rod in your backpack.
It's a family-friendly pedal (6km one way) past the Rail Trail Café to the Porepunkah River Pool at Riverside Park. Here, the river is dammed over the summer holidays and manned by lifeguards to provide a safe swimming hole to splash about in.
Ride until you reach the natural border of Victoria and NSW, the mighty Murray River (9km one way). From the historic Wahgunyah Empire Hotel, cross the bridge to Corowa's banks to dangle your cycling legs in the water. Make tracks back to Rutherglen via Wahgunyah's wineries for a wine tasting or refuelling lunch.
Ah, the serenity! Pedal 22 km (one way) and you'll find exactly that in the cool waters of Lake Eildon. Laze away the afternoon in a shady spot at the water's edge with a picnic collected before you leave from The Mansfield Produce Store.
When Lake Hume is brimming, park the car at Huon and pedal 12km (oneway) to Tallangatta where the best family swimming is to be found at the BBQ shelter near the Lakelands Caravan Park. When the water dips below 80%, with just a few more pedal strokes you'll find the Hospital Inlet is the place to cool off.


Registration for this class is currently closed. Please click below for upcoming Ornament classes!
MUSEjar and Project 308 Gallery are teaming up this Holiday Season to show you the art of DIY Polymer clay ornaments; the perfect handmade gift or decoration. You will be making two ornaments; one intricate and one make your own.


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Bobbi Thomason, PhD
Assistant Professor of Applied Behavioral Science
bobbi.thomason@pepperdine.edu
Dr. Bobbi Thomason is an assistant professor of Applied Behavioral Science at Pepperdine Graziadio Business School. Her research explores how individuals of traditionally underrepresented social categories work and pursue their careers globally. She is particularly interested in how individuals overcome inequality and social hierarchies in order to attain career rewards and resources. This includes how they navigate leadership positions, financial compensation and social status. Her research also considers how individuals shape the social structures, organizations, and families around them in the process of attaining career rewards and resources. The first stream of her research is focused on gender, a category that creates stark hierarchies in the world of work. Bobbi's research contributes to existing scholarship by focusing on how women overcome professional barriers to their career ascension. This is further explored in how gender intersects with other identities, such as nationality. Within the second stream of her research, she explores the implications of other social categories in individuals' work and careers. Within this second stream, she is specifically interested in the experience and perception of locals, and how the locals impact the global employment market at large.
Bobbi has worked in conflict management consulting and as a Research Associate at the Harvard Business School and the Harvard Kennedy School. She was the International Researcher for Sheryl Sandberg's book, Lean In: Women, Work and the Will to Lead and Option B: Facing Adversity, Building Resilience and Finding Joy. She is also a contributor to the Lean In Foundation. Dr. Thomason and her work have been featured in national and international media. Some of the media platforms include The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, National Public Radio, Harvard Business Review, The Huffington Post, Business Insider, Smithsonian Magazine, KQED Radio, and more.
Bobbi earned her B.S.F.S in International Politics from Georgetown University, her M.A. in Eastern European Studies from Columbia University and her Ph.D. in Management Science and Engineering from Stanford University. Prior to joining Pepperdine, she was a Senior Fellow (post-doctoral) at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Doctor of Philosophy, Stanford University, Management Science and Engineering
Masters of Arts, Columbia University, Eastern European Studies
Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service, Georgetown University, International Politics. Concentration: Policy Processes (cum laude)
Cristina Gibson, Bobbi Thomason, Jaclyn Margolis, Kevin Groves, Stephen Gibson, and Jennifer Franczak. "Dignity at Work" (forthcoming at Academy of Management Annals)
Hannah Riley Bowles, Bobbi Thomason, and Inmaculada Macias-Alonso. (2022) "Gender in Negotiation: A Diagnostic Tool for Interpreting and Predicting Organizational Effects." Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. 9, 199-223.
Gonzalo Valdés, Bobbi Thomason, Andrea Bentancor, Isidora Jeria, and Constanza Troncoso. (2022) "Technology, Gender and Organizations: A Systematic Mapping Study." IEEE Access.
Bobbi Thomason. (2022) "Ideal or Idiosyncratic: How Women Manage Work-Family Role Conflict with Focal and Peripheral Role Senders." Organization Science. 33(3), 901-925.
Lindsey Cameron, Bobbi Thomason*, and Vanessa Conzon*. (2021) "Risky Business: Gig Workers Maintaining the Ideal Worker Expectations During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Applied Psychology. 106(12), 1821. *shared second authorship
Bobbi Thomason and Inmaculada Macias-Alonso. (2020) "COVID-19 and Raising the Value of Care." Gender, Work and Organization. 27, 705-708.
Hannah Riley Bowles, Bobbi Thomason, and Julia Bear. (2019) "Reconceptualizing Women's Career Negotiations: Asking, Bending and Shaping." Academy of Management Journal, 62(6), 1645-1671.
• Winner of the 2020 Rosabeth Moss Kanter International Award for Excellence in Work and Family Research
• Spotlighted as one of the top 4 "Most Read" Academy of Management Journal articles
May Al-Dabbagh, Hannah Riley Bowles, and Bobbi Thomason*. (2016) "Status Reinforcement in Emerging Economies: The Psychological Experience of Local Candidates Striving for Global Employment." Organization Science. 27(6), 1453-1471.
*Authors are listed in alphabetical order; all contributed equally to the paper.
Sara Vaerlander, Pamela Hinds, Bobbi Thomason, Brandi Pearce and Heather Altman. (2016) "Enacting a Constellation of Logics: How Employees Recontextualize Practices in Global Organizations." Academy of Management Discoveries.
Practitioner Management Articles
Bobbi Thomason and Jennifer Franczak, "3 Tensions Leaders Need to Manage in the Hybrid Workplace," Harvard Business Review (Online), February 3, 2022
Bobbi Thomason, "Stop Telling Working Women They Just Need an Equal Partnership at Home," Harvard Business Review (Online), January 12, 2022
Bobbi Thomason and Michael Cusumano. "How Working Dads Can Keep Pulling Their Weight at Home." Harvard Business Review (Online), July 22, 2021
Bobbi Thomason, "Help Your Team Beat WFH Burnout," Harvard Business Review (Online), January 26, 2021
Hannah Riley Bowles and Bobbi Thomason. (2021, January/February Issue) "Negotiating Your Next Job," Harvard Business Review.
Selected for Harvard Business Review's 10 Must Read Articles of 2022: The Definitive Management Ideas of the Year
Heather Williams and Bobbi Thomason, "As America reopens, we need to give caregivers a lot more support," CNN, June 4, 2020.
Bobbi Thomason and Heather Williams, "What Will Work-Life Balance Look Like After the Pandemic?," Harvard Business Review (Online), April 16, 2020.
Joseph Lubin, Mally Anderson and Bobbi Thomason, "Blockchain for Global Development", MIT Innovations, July 2018.
Hannah Riley Bowles, Bobbi Thomason, and May Al-Dabbagh, "When Men Have Lower Status at Work, They're Less Likely to Negotiate," Harvard Business Review (Online), September 8, 2017.
Bobbi Thomason. "Conclusion: The Internet of Women's Role in Catalyzing Global Gender Equality." The Internet of Women: Accelerating Cultural Change, Eds. Nada Anid, Laurie Cantileno, Monique Morrow and Rahilla Zafar. September 2016.
Bobbi Thomason. "The Potential of Women in Management & Organizations." The Excellent Organization, April-June 2015. Tehran, Iran.
Bobbi Thomason and Christopher Marquis. "Leadership and The First and Last Mile of Sustainability." Ivey Business Journal. September/October 2010.
Inequality and Social Hierarchy
Status Reinforcement in Emerging Economies


At KSi Mauritius we endeavour to help you get the best out of your situation. We are a firm of professional Accountants and Tax Advisors based in Mauritius and are committed to providing a bespoke service tailored to the individual needs of each client based worldwide.
As you can see from the section on our services, our team offers a formidable range of expertise and experience. To find out more about how you can benefit from our tax advice and accountancy services, simply contact us to discuss your needs.


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LWL #22: Gender, Violence and Data
Sara Ortiz Nov 25 2020 Blog
LINKS WE LIKE #22
Links We Like: Gender, Violence and Data
In Latin America and the Caribbean, women have been commemorating the Elimination of Violence against Women Day ever since 1981, after the assassination of the three Dominican sisters Patricia, Minerva, Maria Teresa Mirabal. Yet, it only became officially recognized and adopted by all UN countries in 1999. Today, on the 21st anniversary of its commemoration –which serves as a reminder of this global crisis– the call for governments, business, academia, and civil society to continue working in eliminating all forms of violence (physical, sexual, psychological, economic, etc.) against women and girls remains urgent.
This year, the theme for the UN's annual campaign of 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence is "Orange the World: Fund, Respond, Prevent, Collect!". Interestingly, one of the main lines of work for the campaign is the "collection of data that can improve life-saving services for women and girls", which highlights the crucial role data has in reaching the overall goal of ending VaW. In that sense, many initiatives, including the surveys carried out by the Organization of Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the grants in Africa and South America supported by the Spotlight Initiative and the work carried out by our organization itself in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia, are focused on building data-driven responses to assess and fight for women's right to live a life free of violence. But we should not forget that data is more than numbers. Sharon Besell, professor at the Crawford School of Public Policy, where she is also the Director of Gender Equity and Diversity, points out data is the pathway towards gaining more insight into the meaning behind the numbers. In the context of the current pandemic, data gains even greater importance, when we take into account how the health crisis has clearly exacerbated gender inequalities, especially domestic violence.
Hence, to join in this day's activism towards a world free of violence against women, this edition of Links We Like explores the intersectionality between data and efforts to prevent, combat and respond to the VaW:
Women's Rights Online: Closing the digital gender gap for a more equal world (report)
This year, the World Wide Web Foundation published a report that addresses the issue of digital gender inequality by conducting a survey amongst almost 10,000 women and men in four countries: Colombia, Ghana, Indonesia and Uganda. Based on the results, they argue that, though the digital gender gap on basic internet access has been increasingly narrowed down, a lot of barriers still remain for women to use the internet and fully participate online. Additionally, the WWW Foundation emphasizes the gravity of the issue due to the role the internet plays today as an empowerment tool, that unless women can equally benefit from it will only drive further inequality.
Data Feminism (book)
In their book, the authors of Data Feminism, Catherine D'Ignazio and Lauren F.Klein highlight the need to be critical in the way we develop the field of data science because data is not neutral, there is potential good or harm in how we manage and interpret it. For this reason, we should always be asking the following questions: Data science for whom? By whom? And with whose interests in mind? When the practice of this field excludes women and other marginalized groups, a huge data gap arises in areas that deal with their well-being and rights. Therefore the goal is not just to gather data, but rather to do so with a clear and ethical approach that puts women and historically excluded population's rights at the center.
Visualize Gender Equality (data viz platform)
The organization Operation Fistula has developed a project that strives to harness the power of data visualization in advocacy efforts that seek to transform how organizations work to end gender inequality. They will use data from the GOFAR tool as well as data from partners and grassroots organizations to collect subnational information that will be displayed in Tableu to represent the issue of "fistulas" in a visual manner. "Fistulas" are childbirth injuries caused by prolonged labor without medical attention, which is associated to other issues such as: child-marriage, female genital mutilation and GBV.
Will these 3 gender data trends outlast the pandemic? (article)
In this Devex article, the author discusses new ways that groups focused on gender data had to find in order to measure and understand more about girls and women experiences following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in regards to gender-based violence. One of the approaches featured in the article belongs to our current project with the GIZ Data Lab, which objective is to create a visualization map to identify hotspots of domestic violence in Mexico by leveraging traditional and non-traditional sources of data. To learn more about this project, read the Discussion piece from our blog titled "Using Data to Shed Light on the Shadow Pandemic of Domestic Violence in Mexico".
Women's Lives, Behind the Data (article)
In this article, the Washington Post describes the importance of not just having data on the different ways women face violence every day, but in using that data to look for solutions that actually alleviate their situation and bring forth empowerment and better living standards. By showcasing four different forms of violence(female genital mutilation, lack of access to education, sexual violence underreporting and women in positions of power), the authors demonstrate how these situations directly affect women's lives and how there is still a lack of adequate public policies to mitigate the issue.
Dive deeper into Violence against Women and Data
The magnitude of Violence against Women
If I'm not in on Friday, I might be dead': chilling facts about UK femicide
Violence Against Women and International Security
Ten harmful beliefs that perpetuate violence against women and girls
Violence Against Women, Data and Maps
The Pitfalls of Data's Gender Gaps – Scientific American (the interview is from 2019, but totally worth reading still)
Violence against women – OECD
Ending Violence against Women – UN Women
Violence Against Women- Minimum set of Gender Indicators – UN Stats
The Role of Data in Addressing Violence Against Women and Girls
Fighting violence against women: From data to action
Ensuring data collection and research on violence against women and domestic violence: article 11 of the Istanbul Convention
Webinar: Mobilizing gender data for better decision-making during COVID-19
Talking Data Feminism with Catherine D'Ignazio and Lauren F.Klein
Data Against Femicide
Webinar: Gender-based violence. A global pandemic.
(Upcoming) Gender Data Network Webinar Series: Lessons from the pandemic: Building better gender data in the world of work. Date: December 15, 2020 at 9:00 am EST
COVID-19, Data and Violence against Women
The COVID-19 Sex-Disaggregated Data Tracker
COVID-19 and ending Violence against women and girls
Violence against Women and Girls data collection during COVID-19
Tags: GBV, gender, Links We Like, LWL, nov25, orangetheworld


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The night sky in March
March is a wonderful month to observe the heavens! The constellations on view contain many of the brightest stars in the northern sky (Taurus, Orion, Gemini and Canis Major).
This month's chart shows the night sky looking South in mid March at 2300. (click on image for larger view)
Auriga – this month's sky highlight
Auriga was named after the mythological inventor of the chariot. Auriga contains the sixth brightest star in the sky, Capella, a binary star system whose components are thought to be red giant stars.
Look due West at 2100 and at an elevation of 60 degrees and you will see Capella a beautiful yellow-orange star. About five degrees below in a seven o'clock position, you will find an arrow shaped arrangement of stars pointing towards the position of two o'clock . This asterism is affectionately known as 'The Kids'.
Using a star atlas try to locate the three famous Messier objects within this constellation: M36, M37 and M38.
M36 is a nice open cluster embedded in the faint radiance of the Milky Way. It contains a dozen or so bright members against a hazy background of fainter stars. Because it lies against the Milky Way, it's hard to discern the edges of this loosely packed cluster. In binoculars, M36 along with M38 and M37 can be seen in the same field of view. M36 is a young cluster (only 30 million years old), so it contains no red giant stars.
Under very dark skies M37 is a naked eye cluster. It is a joy to observe and undoubtedly the best open cluster in Auriga and a favourite amongst observers. Dozens of bright stars can be resolved. Fainter white stars surround a red 9th magnitude star near the centre of this cluster, adding to its aesthetic beauty. A telescope and careful observation reveals several dark voids within the cluster, which are dust lanes of the Milky Way.
M38 is a large open cluster with many bright and fainter members. This populous cluster is easily seen in binoculars along with nearby NGC 1907, a smaller 8th magnitude open cluster. A combination of brighter stars, double stars and dark lanes make it a delightful site. M38 is relatively old for an open cluster, having formed 220 million years ago.
A variable star project
Throughout the month of March, Algol is nearly overhead at sunset and visible the entire evening. This star is easy to overlook because it's not nearly as bright as some stars in the night sky but it is Algol's brightness that makes it so unusual and fascinating. Algol's brightness changes making it a so called 'variable star'. There are many different reasons for a star to change its brightness, this one does so because it is regularly eclipsed by a darker companion orbiting around it. Algol is an eclipsing variable.
During eclipse Algol dims from a magnitude of 2.1 to 3.4. It takes the eclipsing binary star exactly 2 days, 20 hours, 48 minutes and 56 seconds to complete its orbit. Each eclipse lasts about 10 hours but it's during the middle 2 hours that the maximum eclipsing occurs.
This is a fascinating event to watch but, of course, the first thing you have to do is find Algol. These directions will help you (use our monthly sky map above).
Imagine a line from the very bright star Capella to the not too bright stars of Almaak, Mirach and Alpheratz. There is a star on either side of the line between Almaak and Capella, about midway between them. The one to the north is Mirphak but the one to the south is our target – Algol (don't confuse it with the brighter star Hamal and don't confuse any of these with Saturn and Jupiter which would be visible farther south than these stars!
Now that you know where it is, you'll want to know when to watch for Algol dimming. It the best way is to watch over consecutive nights and compare Algol to the brightness of the stars around it. Use Almaak, which always has a magnitude of 2.1 (Algol's normal magnitude), as a reference. At minima, Algol will be as faint as either of the two stars flanking it.
Good luck! we would love to hear from you if you are successful at observing Algol's minima.


Gator Cases was founded in 2000 by father-daughter team Jerry Freed and Crystal Morris in Florida. Initially, they launched with a small offering of molded plastic guitar cases at the Summer NAMM show in Nashville, Tennessee. From there, they expanded the product line to include case and bag solutions for pro audio, audio visual, general utility, band instrument, and percussion.