Dedication. List of Contributors. 1. Ground Water Quality Concerns About Nitrogen (R.F. Follett, D.J. Walker). Introduction. Health concerns. Human toxicity. Economic concerns. Economic concepts. Problem nature and implications for solution. Public policy options. Resource conservation concerns and issues. References. 2. Sources of Nitrate to Ground Water (D.R. Keeney). Introduction. Nitrogen cycling. Natural sources of nitrate. Geologic nitrogen. Forests. Forage and pasteral agriculture. Waste materials. Animal wastes. Sewage sludge and effluent. Septic tanks. Row crops agriculture. Irrigated agriculture. Summary. References. 3. Nitrate in Ground Water in the United States (G.R. Hallberg). Introduction. Nitrate, agriculture and ground water. Nitrate and water quality: a national overview. Comparisons with state data. Surface water and ground water. Nitrate distribution and variability. Depth distribution. Spatial variability and depth distribution. Spatial variability: land use and local sources. Temporal variations. Depth and time. Denitrification and time. Nitrate variability among wells. Summary and conclusions. References. 4. Ground Water Nitrate in Other Developed Countries (Europe) - Relationships to Land Use Patterns (S. Juergens-Gschwind). Introduction. Impact of bare land. Impact of forestry. Impact of grassland. Cut grassland (meadowland). Grazed grassland. Impact of arable crops. Depending on crop type. Depending on type of soil. Depending on rainfall and irrigation. Depending on temperature. Depending on ground water level and drainage. Depending on rate, timing and form of fertilizer use. The impact of horticulture. Intercropping and green manuring. Irrigation. Home and hobby gardens. References. 5. Nitrate Transport and Leaching Mechanisms (W.A. Jury, D.R. Nielson). Introduction. Nitrate transport mechanism. Convection. Diffusion. Hydrodynamic dispersion. Removal and reaction mechanisms. Plant uptake. Denitrification. Spatial variability and the transport problem. Models for characterizing leaching. Process models. Stochastic models. Spatial variability and the modeling problem. Uncertainty in modeling transport to ground water. Summary and conclusions. References. 6. Proper Accounting for N in Cropping Systems (J.F. Power, F.E. Broadbent). Introduction. Crop N requirements and yield goals. Contrubitions to residual soil N. Soil tests and residual nitrates. Management practices and N accounting. Mineralization and immobilization. Organic-inorganic interchange of N in soils. Kinetics of immobilization and mineralization. Factors influencing immobilization. Influence of environmental factors on immobilization and mineralization. Predicting N mineralization. Conceptual models of mineralization and immobilization. Conclusions. References. 7. Fertilizer Nitrogen Management (G.A. Peterson, W.W. Frye). Introduction. Importance of N fertilizer to agriculture. Amount of fertilizer-N to apply. Yield goals. Soil tests. Soil sampling. Tissue tests. Fertilizer N carriers. Anhydrous ammonia. Urea. Ammonium nitrate. Urea - Ammonium nitrate solution. Ammonium sulfate. Ammonium phosphates. Application methods and timing for nitrogen fertilizers. Method of application. Method of application as related to source. Method of application as related to timing. Relative efficiency of materials as affected by method and time of application. Leaching of nitrate. Amount to apply. Time of application. Nitrification inhibitors. Scavenger cover crops. Denitrification. Ammonia volatilization. Nitrification. Immobilization. Nitrogen stabilizers. Nitrification inhibitors. Urease inhibitors. Conclusions and recommendations. References. 8. Estimation of N Budgets for Crops (J.S. Schepers, R. H. Fox). Introduction. Inputs. Precipitation. Irrigation. Fertilizers. Manure N. Symbiotic N fixation. Non-symbiotic N fixation. N mineralization. Outputs. Crop N uptake. Ammonia volatization. Erosion losses. Denitrification. Leaching. References. 9. Impact of Soil Management Practices on N Leaching (G.W. Thomas, M. Scott Smith, R.E. Phillips). Introduction. Tillage practices. Overview of types of tillage practices used. Effects of tillage on soil water regimes. Effects of tillage on nitrogen transformations. Nitrification. Denitrification. Mineralization - immobilization. Climate. Rainfall and evapotranspiration. Temperature. Soil management of water and its effect on leaching. Irrigation. Artificial drainage. Winter cropping. References. 10. Cropping Systems: Ecology and Management (M.P. Russelle, W.L. Hargrove). Introduction. General concepts. Ecological approaches to nitrogen management. Nitrogen balance in agriculture systems. Monoculture. Planting geometry and date. Tillage and residue management. Irrigation. Cover crops. Nonleguminous cover crops. Leguminous cover crops. Interannual rotations. Nitrogen deposition in soil by legumes. Nitrate losses during legume growth. Nitrate losses after legume growth. Plant residue decomposition. Management considerations. Mixed cropping. Nitrogen cycle. Multiple cropping. Deeply rooted crops. Crop cultivars. Conclusions and recommendations. References. 11. Management of Water Balance Components (D.F. Heerman, H.R. Duke, J. van Schilfgaarde). Introduction. Applied water. Evaporation and transpiration. Runoff. Percolation. Management of water application. Uniformity of water application with an irrigation system. Controlling depth of water application. Water table control. Irrigation scheduling for replacement. Determining when and how much water to apply. Constraints of water delivery systems. Irrigation scheduling to manage leaching. Runoff control. Irrigation system operation. Tillage and residue management. Management of percolation. Leaching requirement. End of season water management. Drainage. Managing the drainage water. Application of chemicals with irrigation water. Uniformity considerations, Application depth. Equipment safety and design. References. 12. Linkages with Ground Water (H. Bouwer). Deep percolation rate.s Water content. Pore velocity and preferential flow. Dispersion. Nitrate concentration. Perching and lateral flow. Arrival at ground water. Water treatment. References. 13. Transformations and Movement of Nitrate in Aquifer Systems (R.R. Lowrence, H.B. Pionke). Introduction. Processes affecting nitrate concentration in aquifer systems. Process interaction in heterogeneous aquifer systems. Case studies of local and regional aquifers. The Lincolnshire limestone and chalk aquifers in eastern England. Coastal plans Riparian aquifers. Auob sandstone aquifer, Namibia. Fluctuating shallow water tables in northern Europe. Shallow sand aquifers, Ontario, Canada. Potential for restoration of nitrate contaminated aquifers. References. Subject Index.
Supplying crops with adequate nitrogen is vital to ensuring food supplies. Once nitrogen is added to the soil, it is subject to chemical transformations of the nitrogen-cycle including transformation to nitrate. Excessive amounts of accumulated nitrate may then leach out of the soil and could potentially enter and contaminate drinking water supplies. The purpose of this book is to examine the subject of nitrogen management and ground water protection.
The issue of maintaining ground water quality is addressed primarily from an agronomic point of view. Topics covered include: health and economic aspects of nitrate in drinking water; nitrate sources; ground water nitrate in the USA and other developed countries; transport, leaching and accounting for nitrogen; soil, nitrogen, crop and water management; and nitrate in aquifer systems. The book contains a keyword index and is organized into thirteen chapters, each with appropriate references, tables and figures. Chapter authors are among the leading experts on the subject of nitrate and ground water quality.
Readers to whom the book is directed include soil scientists and agronomists, agricultural engineers (irrigation and drainage), environmental scientists, agricultural policy makers, and hydrologists.


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text:
UNSW Hoex Group
Prof Bram Hoex
Dr Xin Cui
Dr Md Anower Hossain
Dr Michael Pollard
A/Prof Zengguang Huang
Dr Udo Römer
Leiping Duan
Chukwuka Madumelu
Kean Khoo
Ina Oestroem
Geedhika Poduval
Borong Sang
Utkarshaa Varshney
Shaozhou Wang
Chen Qian
Xinyuan Wu
Yu Zhang
Carrier selective contacts for silicon solar cells
Low temperature carrier selective contacts
ALD ZnNiO: A Thermally Stable Hole Selective Contact for Silicon Solar Cells
Optimisation of ALD processes
Aluminum oxide using a non-pyrophoric precursor
ALD for earth-abundant chalcogenide solar cells
Angular dependent FTIR
Utkarshaa selected to speak at Women in Renewables by the Clean Energy Council
Yu Zhang named in Australia's Early Achievers Leaderboard
Xin Cui wins prestigious ACAP Fellowship
Utkarshaa's interview on Soapbox Science Sydney
Kean Khoo wins SPREE 3 minute thesis competition
Utkarshaa in the semi-final of FameLab
Utkarshaa to feature in "Soapbox Science Sydney"
Interview with Prof Hoex published in Hallo (in Dutch)
Yu Zhang wins poster price at APSRC 2019!
A/Prof Bram Hoex promoted to full professor at UNSW!
Utkarshaa on the ABC Science Show
Utkarshaa at the 3 Minute Thesis (3MT) final!
Utkarshaa wins Faculty of Engineering 3MT heats!
Interview with Utkarshaa about "What's new with Solar" on Let's Get Local Radio
Atomic layer deposition storms the PERC market
Interview in PV magazine about the prospect of PV
Tian wins "Best Student Presentation Award" at IEEE PVSC
Short article about our collaboration with Leadmicro
NSW Energy Minister Kean visits UNSW SIRF lab
A/Prof Bram Hoex speaks at Leadmicro product launch at SNEC
Farewell Prof Huang
Graduation Chang-Yeh (Justin) LEE
Hoex group signs contract with Lead Micro
A/Prof Hoex selected in 40 under 40 list
A/Prof Hoex brings Asian PVSEC back to Sydney
Interview with A/Prof Bram Hoex at the E-MRS meeting in Nice
It is clear that to further improve the efficiency it is necessary to reduce the electrical losses at the surfaces and specifically the contact between the semiconductor and the metallisation. Current technology has pushed this to their limit and new disruptive solutions are now required. As a result carrier selective or passivating contacts have recently attracted significant interest in the photovoltaic scientific community [1]. These passivating or carrier-selective contacts by design exhibit extremely low recombination currents for minority carriers (i.e. passivation) while having a low resistivity for majority carriers (i.e., carrier selectivity). An elegant way to look at this was recently proposed by Brendel et al. [2] Based on the theoretical framework proposed by Wuerfel et al. [3] which attributes carrier selectivity to the asymmetry in the electron and hole conduction, Brendel et al. defined the electron conductance ρn and hole conductance ρp as follows (in this case for a hole-selective contact):
Where Jn,p is the electron/hole current, V is the voltage, vth is the thermal voltage, fc is the contact fraction, and jc is the minority carrier combination current. When dividing the electron and hole conductance we can define the selectivity S10:
where log10 is the logarithm with base 10. This selectivity is a very useful parameter to consider as it is an excellent figure of merit to estimate the efficiency potential of a certain contact. This is shown schematically in Figure 1 where we plot the upper limit efficiency as a function of the jc and ρc of a contact. It should be noted that you can move along the iso-selectivity lines (dotted lines in Figure 1) by changing the contact fraction of the contact. This is for example already exploited in the PERC solar cell where the optimal rear contact fraction (with a selectivity of 13 [2]) is around 1% thereby limiting the solar cell efficiency to 27.2%. Unfortunately, the selectivity of the electron contact in a PERC cell is ~12 [2] and this limits the PERC solar cell to roughly 25% in very good agreement with champion results achieved by UNSW in 1999 [4].
Figure 1 (a): Upper limit efficiency of a silicon solar cell as a function of the minority carrier recombination current jc and majority carrier contact resistance ρc. The dashed lines indicate iso-selectivity lines. Please note that according to the definitions in Eq. 1-3, we can move along the iso-selectivity line by changing the contact fraction fc. Hence, this allows for optimising the efficiency ceiling for a certain contact system when the jc and ρc values are known. This calculation was adapted from Brendel et al. [2] and assumes a short-circuit density of 43.6 mA/cm2 and assumes that the solar cell efficiency is limited by only one contact.
Figure 1 (b) Shows the campion efficiencies of the various carrier selective solar cell concepts which have now taken over from their diffused counterparts.
In Figure 2 we show various ways to fabricate a carrier-selective contact. The first type shown in Fig. 2(a) is the well-known diffused electron collector (typically referred to as emitter). This system is currently dominating the photovoltaic industry and has a reasonable selectivity of 12 for electrons and 13 for holes [2]. The types shown in Figure 2(b) – (d) are typically referred to as passivating contact and these contact systems are the main focus of this project. It can be seen that these contact systems typically consist of a multilayer structure of a layer with a high level of surface passivation such as silicon oxide and amorphous silicon in combination with a material that results in the selectivity of the contact. This passivation layer is predominantly aimed at reducing jc of the contact as this is typically unacceptably high due to a high density of interface states at the c-Si surface. The second layer in the structure yields the carrier selectivity and this can be grouped in three different categories. The first category of materials as shown in Figure 2(b) has a high asymmetry in electron/hole conduction. Most notable examples are doped amorphous silicon and doped poly-silicon which are e.g. applied in heterojunction and TOPCon solar cells, respectively. The second category shown in Figure 2(c) relies on band alignment with either the valence band (for a hole contact) or with the conduction band (for an electron contact). The band-offset for the other band should be as high as possible to ensure minimal conductance for the other charge carrier. The third and last category as shown in Figure 2(d) relies on extreme work function materials which result in a band-bending in the underlying silicon. This band bending results in a shift of the quasi-Fermi levels towards the valence band (for hole contacts) or conduction band (for electron contacts) and this gives the contact a high selectivity. In Figure 3, we show the band alignment of various thin films in comparison to c-SiFigure 2 Types of carrier selective contacts. Graphs are adapted from Macco et al. [5]
Figure 2 Types of carrier selective contacts. Graphs are adapted from Macco et al. [5]
As shown in Figure 1, the efficiency potential of passivating contacts have already been demonstrated at the solar cell device level and they have resulted in a string of world record silicon wafer solar cell efficiencies recently such as the 26.7% efficient all-back-contact heterojunction with intrinsic thin film solar cell from Panasonic [6] and the 25.7% efficient TOPCon (tunnel oxide passivated contact) solar cell from Fraunhofer ISE [7]. Both have now overtaken the landmark 25% efficiency result set by UNSW in 1999 [4].
Figure 3: Schematic illustration of the band alignment with Si of various metal oxides. Figure is adapted from Stradins et al. [8].
[1] Cuevas, A., T. Allen, J. Bullock, Y. Wan, D. Yan, and X. Zhang, Skin Care for Healthy Silicon Solar Cells, in 42nd IEEE PVSC. 2015. p. 10.1109/PVSC.2015.7356379.
[2] Brendel, R. and R. Peibst, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 6, 1413-1420 (2016)
[3] Wurfel, U., A. Cuevas, and P. Wurfel, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5, 461-469 (2015)
[4] Zhao, J.H., A.H. Wang, and M.A. Green, Progress in Photovoltaics 7, 471-474 (1999)
[5] Macco, B., B.W.H. van de Loo, and W.M.M. Kessels, Atomic Layer Deposition for High Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells, in Atomic Layer Deposition in Energy Conversion Applications, J. Bachmann, Editor. 2016, Willey.
[6] Yoshikawa, K., H. Kawasaki, W. Yoshida, T. Irie, K. Konishi, K. Nakano, T. Uto, D. Adachi, M. Kanematsu, H. Uzu, and K. Yamamoto, Nature Energy 2, 17032 (2017)
[7] Richter, A., J. Benick, F. Feldmann, A. Fell, M. Hermle, and S.W. Glunz, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, (2017)
[8] Stradins, P., S. Essig, W. Nemeth, B.G. Lee, D. Young, A. Norman, Y.Y. Liu, J.W. Luo, E. Warren, A. Dameron, V. LaSalvia, M. Page, A. Rohatgi, A. Udaphyaya, B. Rounsaville, Y.W. Ok, S. Glunz, J. Benick, F. Feldman, and M. Hermle. "Passivated Tunneling Contacts to N-Type Wafer Silicon and Their Implementation into High Performance Solar Cells", WCPEC-6 proceedings, edited by 2014), pp.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Man who lived in campervan found dead in Devon river
The body of Steven Wyse was discovered in water at Steamer Quay, Totnes after he was spotted by a passerby
Carl EveCrime Reporter
5 Steamer Quay Wharf
A 58-year-old man who lived in a campervan was found dead in water in Totnes by passerby, an inquest opening has heard. Steven Wyse was born in Ireland, but lived "in [a] campervan", the hearing held at Plymouth Coroner's Court by senior coroner Ian Arrow was told.
Police were called to the Longmarsh area of Totnes at around 9am on December 22 after they received a 999 call from a person stating that a body had been seen in the water, which sits at the head of the estuary of the River Dart. The male was later identified as Steven and found that he had 'sadly passed away', the hearing heard.
The inquest noted that Steven was confirmed deceased at Longmarsh Steamer Quay at 10.35am and at the time he was single and unemployed.
Read next: Devon hoarder who lived without heating, kitchen and bathroom has home transformed
During the short hearing Mr Arrow noted the circumstances of Steven's death, explaining in the opening statement - which was released following the hearing - that "a member of the public reported seeing a male in the water at the Steamer Quay in Totnes and was concerned for his welfare. They approached the male who was later identified as Steven and found that he had sadly passed away".
Mr Arrow confirmed there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding Steven's death and the medical cause of death was given as immersion in water. The hearing was adjourned for a full inquest to be held at a later date.
Boys assaulted after big fight breaks out in Exeter park
'Devastating' fire rips through business premises near Totnes
Devon's SAS: Who Dares Wins recruit Zac was on "path of self-destruction" after sexual assault
Cruise ships for homeless and refugees idea abandoned
Tiverton Town Council billed hundreds for using copyrighted images of Tiverton


text:
Selected Project keyboard_arrow_right The Altar Boys
Bryan Kristoffer Brazil
Lea Paz Torre
Antonio Lou Chua
A mother of former altar boys and a Catholic priest are ready to face a seemingly David-and-Goliath battle against all odds.
Manila Montage Inc.
The Altar Boys
This documentary begins with the story of former altar boys who were allegedly abused by American priest Fr. Kenneth Hendricks, who has served as a missionary to Biliran, Philippines for almost four decades. Nenita, mother of Camilo and RJ, filed a sexual abuse case against Hendricks. Meanwhile, in a recent Vatican summit, a former Manila Archbishop and newly appointed Vatican prefect Luis Antonio Cardinal Tagle condemned the culture of cover-up to protect the perpetrators from the church. Tagle urged church leaders not to shy away from acknowledging the pain of victims. The film ends with the outcome of Nenita and Tagle's fight to end sexual abuse in the church.


Star Coin 1: The first Star Coin is located above the first set of Note Blocks.New Super Mario Bros. is good, but NSMB2 is boring. 3D Land is great. and if this one even counts, Paper Mario Sticker Star is garbage. 18 months ago. SniperGod.
World 1-1 (New Super Mario Bros. 2) From the Super Mario Wiki. Game super mario u - PC Games or Mobile Games Free, Watch Gameplay - Games Lords.
Go to world 1-1 go where you got 1st star coin get of the line then walk forward you will see a crate breake it.
New Super Mario Bros 2 is definitely a better game than the.
New Super Mario Bros. 2 is the third installment in the NSMB series,. World 1-A. NSMB2 offers a mode called Coin Rush,. flower and star.
New Super Mario Bros. 2 Is All About Fresh Power-Ups, Spiteful Multiplayer And Coins, Coins,. Looking for New Super Mario Bros 2 cheats and tips. down a set of stairs near the first Star Coin in World Mushroom-1. that in NSMB2 you cannot be Gold. New Super Mario Bros. 2 is an all-new side-scrolling. on youtube for a secret exit or a Star Coin,. from New Super Mario Bros. or New Super.
Was Nintendo able to put out another gem of a Mario game with NSMB2,. 14 hours of hopping and coin collecting.
Game paper mario 1 - PC Games or Mobile Games Free, Watch Gameplay - Games Lords.For New Super Mario Bros. 2 on the 3DS,. the place where the first star coin is. FAQs Cheats Reviews Questions.
Because collecting coins is so important in NSMB2,. going back and collecting every star coin,.


text:
Search in https://www.cliffordlaw.com/
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As Cars Grow More Autonomous, Safety Remains an Issue
Posted On November 7, 2019 to
By 2021, all major car manufacturers will offer some version of an autonomous vehicle (AV). Already, cars like the Tesla Model 3 and Audi's A8 offer autonomous functionality. At the same time, rideshare companies like Uber are testing self-driving vehicles, Ford is partnering with food delivery companies like Domino's and Postmates, and Waymo (Google) has been granted permission to transport people in robo-taxis in the state of California.
But while AVs are undoubtedly a huge leap in innovation for the automotive industry, many questions remain around the safety of these vehicles, the role humans play, and even the nature of investigating crashes involving AVs.
Undoubtedly, the amount of litigation around AVs will increase over the next few years as more manufacturers come under pressure to both educate consumers and comply with existing motor vehicle regulations when testing these new cars. Clifford Law Offices is well-prepared to represent consumers who suffer an injury or loss as a result of an autonomous vehicle.
What Are Autonomous Vehicles?
An autonomous vehicle (AV), also known as a self-driving car, car autonomous vehicle (CAV), driverless car, robo-car, or robotic car, uses a combination of sensors, cameras, radars and artificial intelligence to move between destinations without the need of a human being. Elements of this autonomy are found in everything from your GPS navigation system to functions that enable a car to park itself.
Fully AVs that need no human intervention to operate are not yet common on the road—though they will be. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) currently has six levels of driver assistance technology advancements through which auto manufacturers are currently progressing as they move towards that future:
No automation: the driver performs all driving tasks.
Driver assistance: the driver controls the vehicle but some tasks are automated.
Partial automation: the vehicle has some automated functions, like steering, but the driver must remain engaged.
Conditional automation: the driver must be present but is not required to be engaged at all times.
High automation: the vehicle can perform all driving functions under certain conditions.
Full automation: the vehicle can perform all driving functions under all conditions.
Fully AVs that drive us instead of the other way around will, according to the NHTSA, "become a reality" in the future.
Are Autonomous Vehicles Safe?
With 94 percent of auto accidents due to human error, safety is touted as one of the main benefits of AVs. A common argument in favor of AVs is that automating more pieces of the driving experience will lower the risk of crashes. But while AVs might lessen the chances of a driver causing the accident, they potentially increase the chance for product defects to occur and cause dangers of their own.
For example, in 2018 a man died in a crash involving a Tesla vehicle in San Mateo, California. News reports noted that Autopilot, the self-driving function in Tesla cars, was active in the moments leading up to the crash, and that the victim had taken the car to a dealer multiple times claiming the function kept steering the car toward the highway divider into which it eventually crashed. In June of 2019, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) released a preliminary report attributing the crash to a navigation mistake by Autopilot.
There are a growing number of cases like the one above that highlight the challenges of bringing AVs to market. Not only must vehicles be safe to ride in, manufacturers must also address defects quickly and ensure they are clear with their customers about any potential risks involved with self-driving cars. And manufacturers must communicate these risks clearly and effectively with the people to whom they sell their products, so that consumers can make the most informed decision possible for themselves and their families.
No car, however technologically advanced, will ever be 100 percent safe to ride in. But in addition to touting the benefits of AVs, car companies, government bodies, and others should also make it a priority to be as open as possible about the challenges the industry still faces. True transparency could contribute to smarter consumers and fewer accidents related to AVs.
Your Right to Compensation
While autonomous vehicle legislation is relatively new, this area is the law on the rise. So far, 29 states, including Illinois, have enacted legislation around regulating AVs. But cases concerning these statutes are likely to get more complex in the future, not less. Instead of human error, these cases involve machines failing to interpret signals and sensors, and require computer science and data analytic expertise to properly investigate. Law firms and attorneys representing these cases must have the resources and ability to access and provide that kind of knowledge moving forward to help victims receive due compensation.
Clifford Law Offices takes the issues around self-driving vehicles very seriously, helping clients receive the compensation they deserve for losses suffered, whether that is physical injuries, damaged property, or emotional trauma. If you or a loved one has been involved in a crash involving an AV, our experienced attorneys are waiting to help. Please reach out to our Chicago car accident attorneys today to have your questions answered.


text:
Alert Carolina!
The University is currently operating under Reduced Campus Services and Operations due to COVID-19
Last updated at 6:49pmFriday, October 30th, 2020
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Executive Vice Chancellor & Provost - UNC Chapel Hill
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Meet the individuals who work at the Office of the Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost
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Barron Matherly
Assistant Provost for Finance
Email: matherly@unc.edu
Contact: Karen Stone
Email: karen_stone@unc.edu
Barron Matherly provides financial and budget guidance to senior-level administrators, schools, centers and institutes, and oversees the Academic Finance Office and operations of the Office of the Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost. His areas of responsibility include budget planning, tuition, student fees, and financial liaison to central business offices. He co-chairs the Annual Raise Process Steering Committee responsible for implementing annual salary increases for EHRA faculty and non-faculty employees. Matherly is also a member of the University Budget Committee, Finance Council, Student Fees Advisory Subcommittee, and Tuition Surcharge Committee and is a member of the Southern Association of College and University Business Officers.
Prior to his current position as Assistant Provost for Finance (1997-current), Matherly served UNC-Chapel Hill as Assistant Director of Payroll (1986-1988) and Assistant Director of the University Cashier's Office (1988-1992). He was also employed as the Manager of Management Information and Compliance Review Services at the North Carolina State Education Assistance Authority (1992-1994). From 1994-1997, Matherly worked at NC State University as the Director of the University Cashier's Office and Cash Management Coordinator.
A native of Lynchburg, Virginia, Matherly has lived in Wichita, Kansas and Tucson, Arizona. He is a graduate of Radford University in Radford, Virginia.
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text:
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 - OLD VERSION
Vent Fields
New Version 3 Vents Database
Atlantis II Deep
Fri, 2010-04-30 22:53 — dadmin
FeatureID:
AtlantisIIDeep
active, inferred
Ocean:
National Jurisdiction:
Depth (m)
Maximum or Single Reported Depth:
Tectonic setting:
mid-ocean ridge
Full Spreading Rate (mm/a):
Host Rock:
E-MORB, evaporites, sediments
Deposit Type:
Notes on Vent Field Description:
intracontinental rift; although assumed active, listed as unconfirmed because not observed visually; Ishibashi and Urabe (1995): "Prior to 1970, the number of known seafloor hydrothermal mineral deposits was only one" [the Atlantis II Deep site described by Miller et al. (1966)]; largest known seafloor massive sulfide deposit; brine pool; Note: Koslow (2007) textbook says that the first evidence for seafloor hydrothermal activity was discovered at 2000-m depth in the Red Sea in the 1880's by the Russian R/V Vityaz
Year and How Discovered (if active, visual confirmation is listed first):
1965 "confirmed" hot brine and cored seafloor, but see Table 1 in Miller et al. (1966) for historical measurements
Discovery References (text):
Miller et al. (1966) Hot brines and recent iron deposits in deeps of the Red Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 30: 341-350
[Degans and Ross (eds.), 1969, Hot Brines and Recent Heavy Metal Deposits in the Red Sea. A Geochemical and Geophysical Account. Springer-Verlag, New York, xii + 600 pp.]
Other References (text):
[Hendricks et al. (1969), Bäcker & Richter (1973), Schoell & Hartmann (1973), Mustafa et al. (1984), Oudin (1987)]
Hosted by InterRidge at the Peking University, Beijing, China
This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License
For more information, contact the InterRidge Coordinator


text:
Q: TPT Base Class Primary Key Identity convention I'm using code first, and TPT inheritance. An entity's base type table is being generated without an Identity on its primary key. (I can post code if it's helpful) I.E. My person table has a primary key, but not 'Is Identity'.  The sub class tables are generated as expected.
Since it's not generating the primary key for the base type, I tried to add HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity) to the Map, which broke the model, and I get an error saying:

Conflicting configuration settings were specified for property 'Id' on type 'Orion.Data.Entities.Person':  DatabaseGeneratedOption = None conflicts with DatabaseGeneratedOption = Identity.

I've searched for anywhere that may be specifying 'DatabaseGeneratedOption.None' for that property, and it's not in my code. I assume it's a configuration convention in EF6.  I've tried debugging into .net to find where it's breaking, with no sucess.
So the question is, what convention may be causing this that I can disable?  Or is there something else at play here?
EDIT:
Base Mapping:
public abstract partial class Person
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

public class PersonMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<Person>
{
    public PersonMap()
    {
        // Primary Key
        this.HasKey(t => t.Id);

        // Properties
        this.Property(t => t.FirstName)
            .IsRequired()
            .HasMaxLength(25);

        this.Property(t => t.LastName)
            .IsRequired()
            .HasMaxLength(25);

        this.ToTable("People");
        this.Property(t => t.Id).HasColumnName("Id");
        //this.Property(t=>t.Id).HasColumnName("Id").HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)
        this.Property(t => t.FirstName).HasColumnName("FirstName");
        this.Property(t => t.LastName).HasColumnName("LastName");

        // Relationship
        this.HasOptional(x => x.User)
            .WithRequired(x => x.Person).WillCascadeOnDelete(false);

        this.HasMany(a => a.Addresses).WithOptional().WillCascadeOnDelete(true);
    }
}

Inherited Class:
public partial class ClientRep : Person
{
    public ClientRep()
    {
        this.Jobs = new ObservableCollection<Job>();
    }
    public int ClientId { get; set; }
    public bool? IsPrimaryContact { get; set; }
    public string JobContactType { get; set; }
    public Client Client { get; set; }
    public ICollection<Job> Jobs { get; set; }
}
public class ClientRepMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<ClientRep>
{
    public ClientRepMap()
    {
        this.HasKey(t => t.Id);

        this.Property(t => t.Id)
            .HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None);

        this.ToTable("People_ClientRep");
        this.Property(t => t.ClientId).HasColumnName("ClientId");
        this.Property(t => t.IsPrimaryContact).HasColumnName("IsPrimaryContact");
        this.Property(t => t.JobContactType).HasColumnName("JobContactType");
        this.Property(t => t.Id).HasColumnName("Id");

        this.HasMany(t => t.Jobs)
            .WithMany(t => t.ClientReps)
            .Map(m =>
                {
                    m.ToTable("JobClientRep");
                    m.MapLeftKey("ClientRep_Id");
                    m.MapRightKey("Job_Id");
                });

        this.HasRequired(t => t.Client)
            .WithMany(t => t.ClientReps)
            .HasForeignKey(d => d.ClientId).WillCascadeOnDelete(false);
    }
}

Then in my DbContext:
public partial class ProgramDbContext : DbContext, IProgramDbContext
{
    static OrionDbContext()
    {
        Database.SetInitializer(new OrionContextSeedInitializer());
    }
    public OrionDbContext()
        : base("ConnectionString")
    {
        this.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = false;
        this.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false;
    }
    //No DbSet for Person
    public IDbSet<ClientRep> ClientRep { get; set; }
    public IDbSet<ContactPerson> ContactPerson { get; set; }
    public IDbSet<OtherPerson1> OtherPerson1{ get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        //modelBuilder.Conventions.AddBefore<StoreGeneratedIdentityKeyConvention>(new InheritanceKeyConvention());
        //modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<StoreGeneratedIdentityKeyConvention>();

        //abridged
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new PersonMap());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new ClientRepMap());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new ContactPersonMap());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new OtherPerson1Map());

        //modelBuilder.Entity<Person>()
        //    .Property(a => a.Id)
        //    .HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }

It appears to be related to StoreGeneratedIdentityKeyConvention - that appears to assign the Identity to all my other entities, but this one doesn't get it...I assume something to do with it being an abstract class.  I've tried to override that configuration with:
modelBuilder.Entity<Person>()
.Property(a => a.Id)
.HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);

but it still conflicts.

A: Well that was 8 hours of ridiculous adventure!
Backstory: I imported the code first by doing a reverse engineer existing database.
That generated my inherited entities to have a primary key, but not Identity on them.  I removed all the mappings to the Id property, because that does not exist on the inherited entity, only the base.  (This all makes so much more sense now...sheesh, what a waste of a day!)
My inherited class &  mapping now looks like this:
public partial class ClientRep : Person
{
    public ClientRep()
    {
        this.Jobs = new ObservableCollection<Job>();
    }
    public int ClientId { get; set; }
    public bool? IsPrimaryContact { get; set; }
    public string JobContactType { get; set; }
    public Client Client { get; set; }
    public ICollection<Job> Jobs { get; set; }
}
public class ClientRepMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<ClientRep>
{
    public ClientRepMap()
    {
        this.ToTable("People_ClientRep");
        this.Property(t => t.ClientId).HasColumnName("ClientId");
        this.Property(t => t.IsPrimaryContact).HasColumnName("IsPrimaryContact");
        this.Property(t => t.JobContactType).HasColumnName("JobContactType");
        this.HasMany(t => t.Jobs)
            .WithMany(t => t.ClientReps)
            .Map(m =>
                {
                    m.ToTable("JobClientRep");
                    m.MapLeftKey("ClientRep_Id");
                    m.MapRightKey("Job_Id");
                });
        this.HasRequired(t => t.Client)
            .WithMany(t => t.ClientReps)
            .HasForeignKey(d => d.ClientId).WillCascadeOnDelete(false);
    }
}

And once I removed those remnants from the reverse engineer, everything generated as desired.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
(typeof describe === 'function') && describe("RbServer", function() {
    const supertest = require("supertest");
    const should = require("should");
    const winston = require("winston");
    const Vue = require('vue');
    // waiting for Node.js import support
    // https://medium.com/the-node-js-collection/an-update-on-es6-modules-in-node-js-42c958b890c
    //const rbvue = require('../vue');
    //const RbWebSocket = rbvue.RbWebSocket;

    //it("TEST", function() {
        //should.ok(RbWebSocket);
    //});
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What is your favorite genre to read or write? What are some of your favorite books in that genre?
Is there a particular genre you'd still like to write?
What places have you traveled that have influenced your books or places that you would like to travel for a setting of a book?
A few favorite things: books, movies, food, TV shows, music, crazy sayings, holidays, seasons, etc.
Do you allow your family and friends to read your books as you write them? Do they influence a story by their opinions and critiques?
Is there an author who has influenced you?
What is your favorite book you have written so far and/or characters?
Are there secondary characters you would really like to bring back to become the main characters in a new book?
Do you have much say in your book covers?
What would you be doing if you were not writing?
What is your writing schedule like? Do you set a certain schedule for yourself? How often to you write? Are there a certain number of books you try to accomplish in a year?
Do you outline the plot first, or just write?
What was it like when you saw your first published book on the shelf?
What was it like to win a RITA?
1. What is your favorite genre to read or write? What are some of your favorite books in that genre?
I'm very eclectic in my reading. I read almost everything. I haven't really made much of a foray into the Science Fiction and Fantasy genre. Yet.
When I first started writing fiction, I was just as unfocused. I began writing in partnership with my sister. We tried our hands at an American historical (French and Indian War era), a contemporary paranormal ghost story set in Charleston, South Carolina, a WWII suspense, a contemporary suspense set primarily in Egypt, and a historical paranormal set in Charleston, South Carolina. All completed manuscripts. Then, when I began my solo writing career, I decided it was time to pick one thing and get really good at it. I wrote BACK ROADS, a contemporary women's fiction with a mystery element running thought it. I found I really liked writing this… and apparently I must have been pretty good at it. It sold to Warner Books and won several awards.
And naturally, my favorite books are all over the map. Let's see: Diana Gabaldon's Outlander (a great Scottish historical time travel), Sharon Kay Penman's trilogy, Here Be Dragons, Falls the Shadow, and The Reckoning (British historical fiction that follows the real folks), Dean Koontz's Lightning and Watchers, Stephen King's The Stand, Ken Follet's Lie Down with Lions, Nora Roberts' Red Lily, Deborah Smith's On Bear Mountian, Sweet Hush and Blue Willow. Larry McMurtry's Lonesome Dove. Of course, To Kill a Mockingbird, Huckleberry Finn and Pride and Prejudice. I could keep going, but I'll save the rest for a future date.
2. Is there a particular genre you'd still like to write?
I think from my previous answers, you're already guessing the answer to this one. Any and all! Currently I'm currently enjoying my foray into period pieces–1960s WHISTLING PAST THE GRAVEYARD, 1920s THE FLYING CIRCUS. I'm currently tinkering with a story spanning the 60s and 70s.
I'd love to do a dark paranormal ghost story again. I'd love to try my hand at a nice meaty suspense that focuses on intriguing characters. Ahh, yes, so many books to write, so little time.
3. What places have you traveled that have influenced your books or places that you would like to travel for a setting of a book?
Everywhere I go offers new insight and ideas for books. I'm not a city person, so I like to write about small towns and families. I really enjoy the South. I've used many Southern states as settings; Eastern Tennessee for On Blue Falls Pond and Kentucky for A Kiss in Winter, Mississippi for WHISTLING PAST THE GRAVEYARD and Oxford, Mississippi inspired my fictional town of Grover in Magnolia Sky. And of course, the rest of the Glens Crossing Series Back Roads, The Road Home and Promises to Keep take place in southern Indiana. THE FLYING CIRCUS combines many of my favorite locales, Indiana and the Midwest in general, Mississippi, Florida and even a trip to the upstart Hollywood.
I'm game to go anywhere and examine the possibility of a book setting. I'd love to go back to Charleston or Savannah and set a book there. I'd certainly be open to something in say, Wyoming or Colorado too. I'm big on green, so I'll have to think long and hard about desert climates.
4. A few favorite things: books, movies, food, TV shows, music, crazy sayings, holidays, seasons, etc.
We've covered books. Movies, let's see, I'm a real sap and absolutely love movies. Every genre has something to offer, character study, story, cinematic beauty, laughter. Here's my list: Christmas Vacation, L.A. Confidential, Little Miss Sunshine, Saving Private Ryan, Memento, Pirates of the Caribbean, Lars and the Real Girl, . And yes, I admit it, I liked Pearl Harbor and Titanic.
Food: I'm particularly fond of salads (the kind with lots of bad-for-you stuff on them), Diet Coke, nachos, Tapioca pudding, watermelon, caramel corn (well, caramel anything actually), pickles, Doritos. As you can see, I'm bad.
TV shows: House of Cards, Game of Thrones, Bates Motel, Modern Family, loved The Office, My Name is Earl, Friends and Seinfield when they were on.
Music: I love good poetic lyrics. I'm a fan of popular rock; Better than Ezra, my son's band Blue Sky Goodbye, Rob Thomas, Evanesence, Bon Jovi, Don Henley, Sara Bareillis, One Republic, U2.
Christmas is my favorite holiday. I love the fact that I live where we have four distinct seasons, sometimes all within one week. Autumn is one of my particular favorites, but I love snow too.
5. Do you allow your family and friends to read your books as you write them? Do they influence a story by their opinions and critiques?
I have critique partners who read my books as I write them. They serve a couple of purposes: they don't let me cheat and have something unmotivated happen just because I want it to so my plot will work, and they make sure I'm consistent with my character's personalities and the plotline. I don't always take their advice, but I do always think about and examine what they have to say. And I suppose you can say they influence the story, they make it stronger and better.
My family members don't see my books until I get the advanced reading copies.
6. Is there an author who has influenced you?
I think I've probably been influenced in some way by everything I've read. I learn something from every book I read, fiction and non-fiction alike.
7. What is your favorite book you have written so far and/or characters?
As for characters, I have a very special bond with Starla and Eula in WHISTLING PAST THE GRAVEYARD. I had a particularly difficult time letting them go when I was finished writing. I loved Henry in THE FLYING CIRCUS. I really enjoyed writing Granny Tula in On Blue Falls Pond.
8. Are there secondary characters you would really like to bring back to become the main characters in a new book?
As my first four books are a series, I've already done this in a way. But there are those whose stories still feel unfinished.
I've toyed with a storyline for Cole and Becca from Magnolia Sky and I've had lots of requests for Riley from The Road Home and Promises to Keep to get his own book. Also, I'd like to give Brian from Back Roads and Promises to Keep his happy ending.
9. Do you have much say in your book covers?
I've been very lucky and hand beautiful covers. I don't normally get to see the covers until they are nearly finished. I was given a sneak peak at a couple of renderings and a chance to voice an opinion about the cover for THE FLYING CIRCUS.
10. What would you be doing if you were not writing?
Trick question! What would I really be doing? Or what would I love to do? I'd love to try my hand as a casting director for movies. Or even a location scout. In reality, I'd probably be doing something in healthcare, since that's my educational background.
11. What is your writing schedule like? Do you set a certain schedule for yourself? How often to you write? Are there a certain number of books you try to accomplish in a year?
One of the things I like about writing, is the freedom to set my own schedule. Unfortunately, I'm not overly organized, so there isn't a schedule I keep. And it depends on where I am in a book. The first chapters go very slowly and I have to spend more time thinking and less time actually at the computer putting down the words. I write in two-hour chunks, because if I work longer than that, I start to feel like I'm not making any sense. I'll take a break and go back for another two hours. I write about 4 hours a day in the early stages and more like eight in the later stages of the book.
I've found I'm much more productive late in the day. I rarely try to write before noon. When I do, I find myself staring at a blank page and a blinking cursor. I love to write late at night. When I'm in the last third of a book, I usually will write in my two hour segments throughout the day, then sit down at nine and go until about one or two a.m.
I'm a very slow writer. I like to have at least a year between book deadlines, but have written one in six months and WHSITLING took nearly 2 years. Depends on the book. Depends on what else is going on in my life. Deadlines have a way of making me more productive.
12. Where do you write?
When the weather is permitting, I write on my screened porch. I love being outside and it makes me feel more immersed in my story. When it's too nasty for outdoor writing, I usually take my laptop to the chaise in my bedroom. When I'm really close to deadline and have to be at the computer for most of the day and night, I have to revert to my upstairs office, otherwise my back gives me fits.
My books are about real people with real problems and conflicts, so I don't have to look far to be inspired to develop a story. My ideas always start out incredibly small. For instance, BACK ROADS began with an image I had of a car abandoned on a dark country road with the door open, lights on and radio still playing; and a particular family relationship. I built from there. WHISTLING came about because of Starla's voice in my head and her search for maternal love. Tiny seeds, you see.
14. Do you outline the plot first, or just write?
Every author has their own approach to crafting a novel. I never outline. I begin with lots of character development work (finding out exactly who my main characters are, what kind of background they came from, what experiences have they had that make them who they are, what their conflicts are, what they want out of life, what scares them, etc.). I have a very basic idea for plot, beginning, major conflict, maybe a couple of major events, a vague notion of the ending. And then I write. All of my secondary characters and secondary plot lines emerge during the writing process.
I did try to write to an outline once. It was a disaster. I felt like it completely hobbled my creativity. Once I crumpled up that outline and let the story unfold on its own I was back in business.
15. What was it like when you saw your first published book on the shelf?
It was a moment like no other. My husband and I drove around to all of the bookstores in our area the day it was released. Each time I saw it, I did a quick, quiet, little happy dance. I snuck in and out of the bookstores, feeling like an imposter … my book was on the shelves with Nora Roberts, Mary Jo Putney, Sandra Brown, and Barbara Delinsky!
16. What was it like to win a RITA?
Now that was a night! I never dreamt I'd receive such a coveted industry award. The entire evening felt surreal. I can only liken it to your wedding day, much anticipated, but when it actually happens, you feel overwhelmed and just a little detached from the whole thing.


text:
Home / Art and Culture / Mind your language: Here's how you can stop being basic and learn Gen Z slang for a lit experience
Mind your language: Here's how you can stop being basic and learn Gen Z slang for a lit experience
Does tea mean a beverage to you, and snack a light bite? You need to upgrade your vocabulary. Stop being basic, learn some Gen Z slang for a lit experience.
art-and-culture Updated: Sep 14, 2019 13:30 IST
Poulomi Banerjee
The new teen jargon has the older generations confused.(Getty Images/iStockphoto)
Saira Chowdhry is shook. The 16-year-old has recently joined school in the UK. The Delhi girl was excited at this lit opportunity, but there's one experience she wasn't prepared for – that is, not being able to understand much of what her contemporaries in the UK were saying.
It's not as if Saira is out of her depth with the slang of her generation. Words like shook (to be amazed or shocked) and lit (something that's fun and exciting) – part of the language of many English-speaking teens like her – come naturally to her. She can give her elders a tutorial, if needed, in Gen Z – that's the post-millennial generation born in the mid-nineties to early 2000s – slang.
"But it seems the slang we use in India is closer to that spoken in the US. In the UK, the usage depends on which part of the country you are in," she says. "In London, people have their own slang that I've just never heard of. So while they know the slang we use in India, they use their own words more often," she explains.
Speech Story
The reason for this may lie in what Aditi Ghosh, associate professor of linguistics at Calcutta University, has to say about the development of language and the way words are coined. "Languages are influenced by the dominant culture of the time and area," she says. India's first interaction with English happened through the British colonisation of the country, and for decades, even after Independence, it was that inheritance that marked our speech and writing of the language.
With the growing influence of American pop culture, however – films, shows, games and books – the younger generation moved away from that English. "American English is more informal. Youngsters connect to it more," agrees Subhalakshmi Gupta, teacher of English at a school in Bengaluru.
And so their spellings and their slang are more American than British.
It's not as if Gen Z is the first to have twisted words and their usage to suit their youthful fancies and ideas of cool. "There is no immutable meaning to a word. its the idea that we associate with them, and those idea can change," says Ayesha Kidwai, professor of linguistics at Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi. "Every generation has, in its youth, subverted the conventional use of language to create its own variety. It can even be something like adding Hindi suffixes to English words."
But perhaps at no other time has this creativity attracted so much attention, probably because at no other time has it spilled the borders of city, state and country, the way it has now. And for that we have social media to thank. "Certainly the exposure to Western cultures has increased since the nineties," says Ghosh.
Now, when a teenager makes an exclamation of excitement or distress in Texas, it finds its way into the jargon of his peers not just in his town or country, but in places as far flung as Delhi and Mumbai.
To say that this teen jargon has the older generation shook, would be a low key (that's kind of, by the way) underplaying of facts. No cap (which means we are being serious here).
Recently, a high school teacher in Massachusetts became a sensation on the internet, when one of his students shared a list of Gen Z slang (African-American English phrases) that he had compiled. There are articles explaining slang words for those too basic (boring and unoriginal) to get it. On YouTube, millennials are trying to guess Gen Z slang.
Spill The Tea
No, that's not making a mess. That's an invitation for sharing gossip. It's not an expression 16-year-old Bengaluru resident, Amrutha Varshini, is likely to use before her parents or teachers, however. "I have to be more careful of how I talk in front of the elders. They keep saying they can't understand me if I talk to them the way I talk when among friends. I must have told my mother a thousand times that 'bro' is not short for brother. It can be anyone I am close to. But she will still keep asking me why I am referring to a girl as 'bro'," says Amrutha with a laugh.
The gender neutrality of word usage is something that Gupta has also noticed in her students. And it extends to their use of slangs. "Mostly girls and boys of our generation use the same expressions," says 15-year-old Adnan Baig. There might be a few exceptions – words like spill the tea or bae or extra are more likely to be used by the girls, says Saira – but by and large, they speak a common language, exclusive to their generation.
The real talk (and that means the truth, by the way) about the origin of most of these expressions leads back to social media usage. Seventeen-year-old Megha agrees. "One person uses it on Instagram. Others pick it up and soon everyone starts using it. The more popular the person, the more quickly it spreads," she says.
Of course not all the words are as widely used. The usage can vary. So if your inability to understand these words leaves you salty, you may either be feeling bitter or jealous, depending on how your Gen Z friends see the words.
The real catch, though, is how fast slang keeps changing. Expressions like "take a chill-pill", chillax (that's the combination of chill and relax), amazeballs, hella, OMG, WTF and YOLO, which were all part of millennial-speak in even a few years back, may now get you branded as outdated.
As for keeping up with Gen Z slang, on one of the lists of current teen jargon available on the internet, a youngster comments, "We just use the latest meme until it dies in a few weeks and then we move on to the next… If you are older than gen z don't even try using our lingo...".
So, if any of the words on our list are already out of favour with this generation, we can only say, don't come @me (fight me, argue with me,).
Saira pegs the average age of those using this slang between 13 and 17 years. So anyone born before the mid-1990s would anyway feel ancient.
Oof! (Just a Gen Z way of expressing dismay.)
(The words listed in the story and graphic are just a few examples. Not all the words are equally popular; sometimes usage varies slightly. Online lists differ. And the lifespan of slang is very, very short.
Amrutha Varshini
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U-19 World Cup: India start off with easy win against Sri Lanka
https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/mind-your-language/story-ebJL1pxkTnaULxQ2180fVO.html
Here's how you can learn Gen Z slang for a lit experience
https://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/warehouses-host-glitzy-dubai-s-hipster-scene/story-q77hMudeEGb1NjucMUZEHK.html
Warehouses host glitzy Dubai's 'hipster' scene
https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/jack-reacher-author-lee-child-to-pass-on-writing-duties-to-his-author-brother-andrew-grant-here-s-what-you-need-to-know/story-SDNXDddjn6JqyEoozmdU9H.html
Author Lee Child to pass on writing duties to brother Andrew Grant
https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/rising-rents-push-out-france-s-oldest-most-famous-lgbt-bookshop-from-paris-s-trendy-gay-district-after-over-36-years/story-KdG4nUN2kxL5NlQCfzWn7M.html
Rising rents push out famous LGBT bookshop from Paris's gay district
https://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/1000-year-history-of-one-of-japan-s-oldest-temples-in-narita-attracts-foreign-tourists/story-6dsp3mTNDgcjiKcSDzU8ZP.html
Traditional Japanese temple in Narita attracts foreign tourists


text:
Q: Android Version Controll Error. ThemeWrapper Error in fragment Hi I found this error in my app. It is crashed when I clicked my navigation header.I want to go to profile fragment when I click my header.It works in KitKat.But it was crushed in lollipop and higher. I got this error.

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Expected receiver of type com.example.chitsumoe.good_friend.MainActivity, but got android.view.ContextThemeWrapper.

This is my main activity code.
package com.example.chitsumoe.good_friend;

import android.net.Uri;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener,InformTrackFragment.OnFragmentInteractionListener{

Toolbar toolbar;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    HomeFragment homefragment = new HomeFragment();
    android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction homefragmentTransaction    = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
    homefragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.frame, homefragment);
    homefragmentTransaction.commit();

    toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
    setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

    DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
    ActionBarDrawerToggle toggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
            this, drawer, toolbar, R.string.navigation_drawer_open, R.string.navigation_drawer_close);
    drawer.setDrawerListener(toggle);
    toggle.syncState();

    NavigationView navigationView = (NavigationView) findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
    navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(this);

}

public void goToProfile(View view)
{
    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Clicked",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    ProfileFragment profileFragment = new ProfileFragment();
    android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction profileFragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
    profileFragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.frame, profileFragment);
    profileFragmentTransaction.commit();

    DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
    drawer.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
}

@Override
public void onBackPressed()
{
    DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
    if (drawer.isDrawerOpen(GravityCompat.START)) {
        drawer.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
    } else {
        super.onBackPressed();
    }
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
{
    // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
    return true;
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
{
    // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
    // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
    // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
    int id = item.getItemId();

    //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
    if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
        return true;
    }

    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

@SuppressWarnings("StatementWithEmptyBody")
@Override
public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(MenuItem item)
{
    // Handle navigation view item clicks here.
    int id = item.getItemId();

    if (id == R.id.nav_home)
    {
        HomeFragment homefragment = new HomeFragment();
        android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction homefragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        homefragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.frame, homefragment);
        homefragmentTransaction.commit();
        // return true;
    }
    else if (id == R.id.nav_findfriend)
    {
        FindFriendFragment findFriendFragment=new FindFriendFragment();
        android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction findfriendfragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        findfriendfragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.frame, findFriendFragment);
        findfriendfragmentTransaction.commit();
        // return true;

    } else if (id == R.id.nav_friendrequest)
    {
        FriendRequestFragment friendRequestFragment=new FriendRequestFragment();
        android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction friendrequestfragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        friendrequestfragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.frame, friendRequestFragment);
        friendrequestfragmentTransaction.commit();
        //return true;
    }
    else if (id == R.id.nav_informtrack)
    {

        InformTrackFragment informtrackfragment=new InformTrackFragment();
        android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction informtrackfragmentTransaction=getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        informtrackfragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.frame,informtrackfragment);
        informtrackfragmentTransaction.commit();
    }
    else if (id == R.id.nav_setting)
    {
        SettingFragment settingFragment=new SettingFragment();
        android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction settingfragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        settingfragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.frame, settingFragment);
        settingfragmentTransaction.commit();

    }
    else if (id == R.id.nav_log_out) {

    }
    DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
    drawer.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
    return true;
}

@Override
public void onFragmentInteraction(Uri uri) {

}
}

This is my profileFragment code.
public class ProfileFragment extends Fragment {

private OnFragmentInteractionListener mListener;

public ProfileFragment() {
    // Required empty public constructor
}

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                         Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    // Inflate the layout for this fragment
    View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_profile, container, false);
    return rootView;
}

// TODO: Rename method, update argument and hook method into UI event
public void onButtonPressed(Uri uri) {
    if (mListener != null) {
        mListener.onFragmentInteraction(uri);
    }
}

@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
    super.onAttach(activity);
}

@Override
public void onDetach() {
    super.onDetach();
    mListener = null;
}

public interface OnFragmentInteractionListener {
    // TODO: Update argument type and name
    void onFragmentInteraction(Uri uri);
}
}

What is wrong with Lollipop?
This is entire crash log.

04-12 05:28:03.835 9141-9141/com.example.chitsumoe.good_friend E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
                                                                                Process: com.example.chitsumoe.good_friend, PID: 9141
                                                                                java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Expected receiver of type com.example.chitsumoe.good_friend.MainActivity, but got android.view.ContextThemeWrapper
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                                                                                at android.view.View$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(View.java:4447)
                                                                                at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5198)
                                                                                at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:21147)
                                                                                at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
                                                                                at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
                                                                                at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:148)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5417)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:726)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616)

A: for me it was caused using
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark" in child views in navigation header xml.
This caused error
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="top"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/linearLayoutNavHeader"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/nav_header_height"
        android:background="@drawable/menu_header"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
        android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
        android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark">
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

changing to this solved problem
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="top"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark">

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/linearLayoutNavHeader"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/nav_header_height"
        android:background="@drawable/menu_header"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
        android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin">
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>


text:
Q: change Aspect Ratio in ffmpeg, but keep two audio streams & subtitles I'm trying to change a videos AR with ffmpeg like so:
ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -aspect 16:9 -c copy out.mp4

...and while this basically works, it loses a second audio stream that is present in the source, as well as subtitles. How can I do this without losing anything?

A: Map all streams
ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -aspect 16:9 -map 0 -c copy out.mp4

FFmpeg, by default, will pick only one video and audio stream from the source, without map.

A: Use map parameter to select audio streams and copy streams by each stream separately. Example (please don't copy example as is in your command line with comments, you must remove comments first and format it as single line or connect lines breaks with \ symbol!):
ffmpeg -i input.mp4
    -map 0:0 -map 0:1  # Include both (2) audio streams
    -aspect 16:9       # Change video aspect ratio
    -c:v copy          # Copy audio codec settings
    -c:a copy          # Copy audio codec settings
    -c:s copy          # Copy subtitles
    output.mp4

or
ffmpeg -i input.mp4
    -map 0:?           # Include all audio streams
    -aspect 16:9       # Change video aspect ratio
    -c:v copy          # Copy audio codec settings
    -c:a copy          # Copy audio codec settings
    -c:s copy          # Copy subtitles
    output.mp4


text:
Why Taxes Should Pay for Health Care
By James Kwak on October 15, 2012
William Baumol and some co-authors recently published a new book on what is widely known as "Baumol's cost disease." This is something that Simon wanted to include in White House Burning, but I couldn't find a good way to fit it in (and it would have gone in one of the chapter's I was writing), so I it isn't in there. (Baumol is cited for something else.) But in retrospect, I should have put it in.
Baumol's argument, somewhat simplified, goes like this: Over time, average productivity in the economy rises. In some industries, automation and technology make productivity rise rapidly, producing higher real wages (because a single person can make a lot more stuff). But by definition, there most be some industries where productivity rises more slowly than the average. The classic example has been live classical music: it takes exactly as many person-hours to play a Mozart quartet today as it did two hundred years ago. You might be able to make a counterargument about the impact of recorded music, but the general point still holds. One widely cited example is education, where class sizes have stayed roughly constant for decades (and many educators think they should be smaller, not larger). Another is health care, where technology has vastly increased the number of possible treatments, but there is no getting around the need for in-person doctors and nurses.
The problem is that in those industries with slow productivity growth, real wages also have to rise; otherwise you couldn't attract people to become classical musicians, teachers, or nurses. Since costs are rising faster than productivity, prices have to rise in real terms. Note that university tuition and health care costs are both going up much faster than overall inflation. As a consequence, since GDP is measured in terms of prices paid, these sectors take up a growing share of GDP, just as health care is doing throughout the developed world.
But in Baumol's formulation, that's just fine. To see why, consider this figure from the Economist's review of the book:
Look at the right-hand panel. The point is that if you extrapolate from current trends, health care will be a ridiculous proportion of the economy a century from now, even if we do nothing to slow its rate of growth; but because of productivity increases, the non-health care sector will still be much bigger than it is today, so we will still be much better off than today in aggregate.*
But that doesn't mean that everything is fine and dandy. Unlike a lot of things in the light blue portion of that chart, health care is a necessity. If 60 percent of the economy is health care, health care will be a much larger share of the average family's budget than it is today; and if it's a huge share of the average family's budget, then many families with below-average incomes won't be able to afford it.
This is the basic problem with market-based approaches to our health care problem: in a free market, poor people won't get any, and middle-class people won't get very much. Baumol is right that in the aggregate our society will be able to pay for all the health care we need, and plenty of other stuff besides; but with our current level of inequality, many actual families won't be able to get the care they need.
Now, Baumol himself realizes this. One corollary of Baumol's cost disease is that as low-productivity sectors get relatively more expensive, it gets harder and harder to make a profit, so they tend to get taken over by the government. Again, consider health care and education. (Classical music, which cannot make a profit but is not a necessity—much as I love it—has instead been taken over by private charity.) And this is just the way it should be: Everyone needs health care, but the law of productivity increases dictates that it gets more and more expensive, so the only sane solution is to keep prices at an affordable level and let the government bear the losses. And by "bear the losses," I mean distribute them to taxpayers (since there is no entity called "the government" that exists in isolation from the people) through a progressive tax system.
Guess what? That's what Medicare does today. (The Medicare payroll tax isn't progressive, but most of Parts B and D are funded through general revenues, which mainly come from the individual income tax.) By contrast, Romney-Ryan Vouchercare, by capping the growth rate of benefits at an artificially low level, shifts the growing stack of health care costs (dark blue in the chart) directly onto families, many of whom won't be able to afford it. Vouchercare is an attempt to rein in health care costs through sheer force of will. It won't work. It can't work.
This was, in essence, one of the key arguments of White House Burning: health care costs are going to be what they are going to be, and we can pay for them. Yes we can. We can pay for them because we have plenty of room to raise taxes in all sorts of non-distorting or distortion-reducing ways. We can pay for them because productivity increases mean that, in aggregate, our after-tax real income is still going up. This means that tax revenues will grow as a share of the economy, but as Baumol's cost disease implies, they should rise as a share of the economy. Comparing tax revenues today to tax revenues in a distant past when health care costs were much lower is just not relevant.
* That chart isn't per capita, but eyeballing it it looks like a fourfold increase in non-health care GDP; with U.S. population growing at a little less than 1 percent, that's still a big increase in per capita non-health care GDP.
This post was originally published at Baseline Scenario and is reproduced here with permission.
RT Demographics_ Retirement and Health Care, RT Fiscal Policy, RT Labor Markets and Productivity, trendinggreek
Why Taxes Should Pay for Health Care added by James Kwak on October 15, 2012
View all posts by James Kwak →
2 Responses to "Why Taxes Should Pay for Health Care"
EdDolan October 15, 2012 at 1:56 pm
Of course, there is a logic to Baumol's idea that there are barriers to productivity growth in some personal service sectors, but let's not carry it too far. Many service sectors have increased productivity rapidly. Retail trade is a big example. Check-in at airline counters is a smaller one. Tax preparation services are still another.
Is it inevitable that health care and education cannot make the same kinds of gains? Not really. A lot has to do with the market structures and incentives. Health care is full of perverse incentives linked to the fee-for-service system, which, as far as I know, no other countries follow. Education also has perverse incentives, for example, a system of national ranks that treats measures of quantities of inputs–teacher student ratios, investment in plant, faculty salaries–as if they were measures of outputs.
We should not despair and say these things are just the way the are going to be. We can fix them. Why do we have more efficient retail trade than Japan or Italy but they have more efficient health care systems? It's because we have healthy competition in retail and dysfunctional cartels in health care, whereas they have the opposite configuration. Just as they should, and can, reform their retail services, we should, and can, reform our healthcare to make it more efficient.
I don't mean to exclude the possibility of using tax dollars or a single payer system to do that. I see the logic of it. But let's not move to tax-financed healthcare in a defeatist way that just accepts inefficiencies–too many tests, too many unnecessary Cesarians, etc–that are institutional in nature.
benleet October 17, 2012 at 5:32 pm
Australia has a minimum wage of $18 an hour with stiff jail-time penalties for abusers, and their median net-worth per adult is much higher than the U.S. and much closer to their mean average adult net worth. The EITC in the US could be doubled from $60 billion to $120 billion or more, or a citizen's wage or minimum annual income could be implemented. But the argument here is not so much high productivity and lower, it's a standard of life quality especially to people who work but receive poverty level incomes. The median income for 75 million workers, half the U.S., was $26,363 in 2010 according to the Social Security Administration. The poverty level for a 4 person family was about $22,400 that year. The average annual wage income for those low-earning 75 million was less than $11,000 in 2010. The average household income is $78,000 something according to the 2012 Survey of Consumer Finances. The average is not clear for single workers, I calculate it at $54,800 per worker, dividing total household income by total workers. But the issue is what basic floor does society extend for the least productive? Lousy education, lousy medical care, lousy job prospects with lousy wages, lousy mobility? It's not all lousy, but some facts are very difficult to refute. Our inequality is the highest. Childhood poverty is about double OECD countries, health care outcomes rank around 38th in world, and wage income really is $11,000 on average for the lower-earning 50%, and so forth. I looked at the wage income data from SSA, the lower-earning 75% of workers (112 million wage earners all with annual incomes below $50,000) have combined total wage income below the combined personal income of the top-earning 1%. And look at the wealth data, the lower-saving 50% of households own 1.1% of all wealth, or about $11,000 per household, while the average household net worth (for 100% of households) is $498,000, again using the Survey of Consumer Finances figures. I wonder why this extreme imbalance is not an issue of public discourse. http://benL8.blogspot.com — essays on inequality.


This Is It was a planned series of fifty concerts to be held at The O2 in London. They were scheduled to begin in July 2009 and continue through to March 2010. However, with all concerts sold out, Michael died less than three weeks before the first concert date. Michael officially announced the concerts at a press conference inside The O2 and stated that This Is It was going to be his final concerts.
Originally only 10 concerts were announced, but the tickets were sold out in less than an hour and the public demand for tickets resulted in 40 more concerts to be added. Ticket sales broke several records.
The below was put together through official set lists provided in behind-the-scenes featurettes on the Blu-ray and DVD releases of the film 'This Is It'.


text:
LULAC Calls For Fort Hood to Be Renamed Fort Benavidez
The national Latinx civil rights organization pushes for the Central Texas army base to finally honor a Texan hero.
John Nova Lomax
https://www.texasmonthly.com/news/lulac-fort-hood-fort-benavidez/
The entrance to Fort Hood, near Killeen
Jack Plunkett/AP Photo
Last week, after a meeting in Milwaukee, the national council of the League of United Latin American Citizens passed a resolution calling for Fort Hood, the nation's largest active-duty armored base, to be renamed Fort Benavidez.
Members of the civil rights organization said that the measure was inspired in part by a Texas Monthly article published last month that detailed the case for the change. Master Sergeant Raul Perez "Roy" Benavidez was a native Texan and Medal of Honor recipient whose official citation stands out as exceedingly courageous even among that valorous legion. His astounding military feats are well documented, including here, and here, and in graphic novel form here. In contrast, the fort's namesake, John Bell Hood, was a Confederate general who took up arms to defend the institution of slavery.
LULAC's Jorge Haynes, an Air Force veteran and Laredo native, said it's high time the military better recognize the contributions of soldiers, airmen, sailors, Coasties, and Marines of non-WASP heritage. "The idea is to start a conversation which can lead to a process that would enable us to honor heroes like [Benavidez] and General Richard Cavazos, two great Texans," he said.
Those two would just be the beginning. He'd like the U.S. to consider the merits of many others as well, including the Tuskegee Airmen; the Buffalo Soldiers; the 442nd Combat Regiment (Japanese Americans who avoided internment during World War II by fighting the Nazis); General Colin Powell; Captain Manuel Fernandez Jr, who once shot down five planes in a single day; and Guy Gabaldon, a Marine from East L.A. "who captured more enemy soldiers than anyone in military history."
Going all the way back to Juan Seguin, there have been men and women of every ethnicity from Texas who have fought bravely for the American flag. Which makes it all the more peculiar that our state's principal army installation is named after a non-Texan who fought against the Stars and Stripes.
Haynes acknowledges that this process might take years to bear fruit, if it ever does, but that the push to bring greater attention to heroes like Benavidez is worthy, regardless. LULAC is forwarding copies of its resolution to Congress, the American Legion, Disabled American Veterans, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the American GI Forum, in hopes of garnering even greater support to call upon Secretary of the Army Mark Esper to finally bestow this high honor on a true Texas hero.
It's Time to Rename Fort Hood for a Truly Texan Hero: Roy Benavidez By John Nova Lomax
U.S. Army Mirrored Amazon's HQ2 Search Tactics in Choosing New Futures Command Location By Michael Hardy
Here's Everything We Know At This Point About The Shooting At Fort Hood By Dan Solomon
Can a Female Soldier Really Be "Recruited" into Prostitution by a Superior? By Dan Solomon
"Something Has To Change" By Tyler Hicks
Greg Abbott's Politics Create a Vaccine Stampede By R.G. Ratcliffe
These Texas Congressmen Fought off the Mob. Then They Voted With Trump. By Jonathan Tilove
No, Austin Won't Become Silicon Valley 2.0 By Michael Agresta
The Year in Texas, in Photos: Scenes From the Pandemic, Protests, and Everyday Life in 2020 By Texas Monthly
A Rural County Battling COVID-19 Faces a Difficult Obstacle: the Local Walmart By Peter Holley
Tags: Military, News, Fort Hood, LULAC, Roy Benavidez, U.S Army


The Bibby relators were two licensed mortgage brokers who claimed that lenders, including Wells Fargo, "engaged in a fraudulent scheme to overcharge veterans on closing costs during the origination of loans" under a VA program. [(Decision, p. 1.)] Relators originally filed their complaint in March 2006, and the government subsequently moved to seal the case. The government repeatedly obtained extensions of the seal order, eventually moving for (and receiving) an eleventh extension in May 2009. Despite that extension, relators began violating the seal order by privately communicating with members of the media. After the improper communications began, the government requested and received seven additional extensions keeping the case under full or partial seal.
After the government declined to intervene in the litigation in October 2011, the relators independently litigated their qui tam action. According to the Court, in that time span, the relators recovered more than $161 million on behalf of the government, of which relators received $43,161,500.00, or approximately 27% of the total, pursuant to the provisions of 31 U.S.C. § 3730(d)(2).
In March of 2014, relators' counsel admitted to the Court that relators had repeatedly violated the seal order by disclosing the existence of the case to third parties, and that those violations had begun in 2009. In light of those violations, Wells Fargo moved to dismiss the relators from the case. Wells Fargo, the relators, and the government all submitted briefs concerning the appropriate sanction for the relators' seal violations. Wells Fargo argued that the severity and bad faith of the seal violations warranted dismissal of the action. The government conceded that the misconduct was serious, but asserted that dismissal was inappropriate because there was no evidence that the government's investigation was harmed by the disclosures, and a dismissal would only result in a windfall to Wells Fargo. The government suggested that the Court instead impose a sanction of $2.7 million against relators, which would effectively reduce the relators' previous recoveries to the statutory minimum of 25%. Relators argued that no sanction was appropriate, but that if a monetary sanction was warranted, $500,000 would be appropriate.
The Court considered whether dismissal was appropriate under (1) the False Claims Act, (2) Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and (3) the inherent powers of the Court—and rejected dismissal as a sanction under all three grounds. The Court reviewed previous FCA cases dealing with seal violations, noting that the statute itself does not provide an explicit sanction for violating its seal requirements. Recognizing that the Eleventh Circuit "has not addressed when dismissal would be an appropriate sanction for violating the Court's subsequent order extending the seal," (Decision, pp. 13-14), the Court chose to employ a test considering the objectives of the seal requirement—especially the government's interest in investigating the allegations—while assessing whether the particular seal violation hampered those objectives. Here, the Court adopted the approach it characterized as employed by the "vast majority" of courts, particularly the Ninth Circuit in United States ex rel. Lujan v. Hughes Aircraft Co., 67 F.3d 242, 247 (9th Cir. 1995). In so doing, it rejected the approach of the Sixth Circuit in United States ex rel. Summers v. LHC Grp., Inc., 623 F.3d 287 (2010), which held that violation of a procedural filing requirement under the FCA mandates dismissal regardless of the facts and circumstances. (Decision, p. 18.) The Court distinguished the Summers case by noting that the seal violations in Summers occurred at the very outset of the case during the mandatory minimum 60-day seal period, as opposed to after years of the case proceeding under seal as in Bibby. The Court concluded that dismissal was not required under the circumstances before it because monetary sanctions would vindicate the authority and integrity of the judicial process. The Court concluded $1.61 million represented the amount relators had been compensated above the statutory minimum on previous awards when taking into account taxes paid on those settlements.
Taken as a whole, the Judge Totenberg's imposition of a $1.6 million sanction demonstrates that courts take seal violations seriously, and should help discourage other relators and their counsel from trying to bias an investigation or prejudice a proceeding by violating the FCA seal in the future. The decision is a welcome development for companies subject to litigation under the False Claims Act.


Richard plays dulcimer and bouzouki on a large selection of the instrumental backing tracks to the spoken word pieces, which he arranged and performed as a duo with his musical collaborator, Mick Tyas.
Richard is an accomplished multi-instrumentalist and instrument maker from County Durham who has been performing traditional music for many years. In 2009, he co-founded acoustic folk trio Tippin The Wink with his wife Sylvia and Mick Tyas, becoming a regular fixture on the North East of England folk club scene.
Sylvia sings lead vocals on Wicked Old World and backing vocals on Three Mad Martins (Prophecy).
Sylvia is one-third of acoustic folk trio Tippin The Wink with fellow Mad Martins Performers Richard Doran and Mick Tyas, releasing their acclaimed album The Devil's In The Detail in 2011.
"Singer Sylvia Doran, has a voice which is both soft and gentle which is particular mesmerizing". (Sophie Stratford, Lancashire Telegraph, 24 Nov 2011).
Jennie is an accomplished musician, as well as a highly-skilled artist, sculptor, community arts practitioner and tutor. Her fiddle playing defines the songs The Leaping Swordsman and Maria's Testimony and greatly enhances "Shoot The Bishop!".
Ann performs northumbrian pipes on many of the spoken word pieces.
Karen sings lead vocals on A Thin Veneer in a duet with Gary.
Trevor plays trumpet on Medals.


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