The Hoggatt Laboratory is broadly interested in the stem cell niche regulatory mechanisms that govern tissue regeneration, particularly regulation by macrophages. The lab also has a specific interest in translational science for bone marrow transplantation and other treatments. The laboratory has identified a unique "highly engraftable" hematopoietic stem cell that is currently being investigated and has applications for further probing of stem cell niche biology and clinical applications in stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, and other fields. The lab has also developed unique genetic mouse models allowing for the dynamic exploration of macrophage heterogeneity in a variety of disease settings.
Research efforts over the last several decades working to develop therapies have largely focused on finding "magic bullets", a small molecule or perhaps protein biologic that can be given to a patient as a drug to cure their disease. We believe the that the cures of the future will come from tapping in to the body's natural regenerative capacities, or will use cellular therapies, namely stem cell transplantation. Our goal is to discover new regenerative pathways within the body to allow for disease correction and to make stem cell transplantation faster, safer, cheaper, and better to broaden its use to more patients.
Jon Hoggatt holds appointments in both the Cancer Center and Center for Transplantation Sciences. He is also a principal faculty member of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and a principal faculty member of the Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department at Harvard University.


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Herb Księstwa Warszawskiego przedstawia na tarczy dzielonej w słup w polu prawym herb Saksonii – naprzemianlegle dziesięć czarnych i żółtych pasów, na których w skos korona ruciana zielona. Jest to jednocześnie herb dynastii Wettynów, z której pochodził władca Księstwa Warszawskiego Fryderyk August I. W polu lewym, czerwonym znajduje się herb Polski, biały orzeł w zamkniętej koronie oraz z królewskimi insygniami – złotymi berłem i jabłkiem – w szponach. Całość wieńczyła zamknięta korona.

Wizerunek herbu zachował się do dnia dzisiejszego na murach twierdzy Modlin.

Galeria

Elementy składowe

Wersje herbu

Nawiązania

Przypisy

Godła i herby państw historycznych
Księstwo Warszawskie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It's funny, because I would say that the answer is a resounding "no". Just as Russia had obviously been waiting for an excuse to put Georgia in its place, so too had the US been waiting for an excuse to have a go at Russia. A misplaced but very loud burst of rhetoric gives them the perceived moral highground required to push through missile defense systems in Eastern Europe, along with a show of (belated) support which is intended to make it look like they're completely behind Georgia (but in effect is useless next to what they wanted).
This entire fiasco has been about opportunists taking advantage. Any negative sentiment between the US and Russia was already there, but there was no excuse until now. The rivalry that used to exist during the Cold War is returning as Russia's energy exports make it more wealthy, and it is better able to challenge the status quo (that being that the US is the single world superpower and can act without oversight). With that rivalry comes the typical suspicion and mistrust, even though both countries want roughly the same thing for themselves.
The degree to which the US reaction has been entirely biased and ignores any sort of context is just confirmation that they're responding politically, not fairly. Russia's actions haven't done anything to change the US government's view of them, they've just allowed that government to make their view public.


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By National June 25, 2020
Article: UKCA announces COVID-19 guidance for safe operation of cinemas
The UK Cinema Association (UKCA) has published its guidance on the safe operation of cinemas and mobile cinemas from 4 July.
The document, Cinemas – keeping workers and customers safe during COVID-19, has been produced by the Association in consultation with the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, with input from the British Film Institute, the Screen Sector Task Force, the Independent Cinema Office and BECTU, and in consultation with Public Health England (PHE) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE).
It also reflects expert advice from a working group of senior executives from over a dozen of the UK's largest cinema operators, as well as input from the Association's wider membership.
Commenting on the publication, Caroline Dinenage, Minister for Digital and Culture, said: 'The UK is a nation of film-lovers and cinemas have a special place in our hearts and in towns and cities across the country. Throughout this crisis, we have worked closely with our world-leading screen industries to provide access to support and plan for the future, and this guidance will be instrumental in helping us get audiences back in front of the big screen from Saturday 4 July.'
Phil Clapp, Chief Executive of the UK Cinema Association, added: 'Today's launch represents an important next step in our efforts to once again bring the big screen experience to the cinema-going public. We know from recent surveys that a large proportion of our audience can't wait to come back, but they understandably want to know the steps that cinemas will be taking to ensure their continued welfare.
The measures set out in the document represent more than anything a clear pledge from the UK cinema sector as to the measures that will be taken to protect both audiences and staff members alike.'
Ben Roberts, BFI Chief Executive said: "On behalf of all film-lovers, and everyone for whom their local cinema is a central part of their community, we are delighted to see another step taken towards cinemas reopening their doors with the safety of audiences as the priority. The fact that through these guidelines many cinemas will re-open quickly and safely is fantastic.
However, we know that many sites including a large proportion of independent cinemas will not be able to reopen immediately and will still need support to reopen after months of closure and the additional costs of implementing social distancing measures. So we remain committed to making sure that the entire exhibition community is supported through the ongoing challenges."
The guidelines, while dependent on any nation specific restrictions, have been developed to provide a starting point for cinemas across the UK in ensuring the continued safety of both audiences and staff in relation to COVID-19, and include:
Measures to ensure social distancing at every point during a visit to the cinema, with a particular emphasis on auditoriums;
Enhancing cleaning and hygiene regimes, including the provision of anti-bacterial gels stations for cinema-goers throughout each site;
The installation of plastic screens at key contact points to help protect customers and staff;
Encouragement wherever possible of online booking, e-ticketing and contactless payment;
Revised scheduling of films to allow time for cleaning of auditoriums between screenings and to avoid crowding in corridors.
Further support for implementation of the guidelines – for example around PPE, training and accessibility – will be provided in the coming weeks.
The UKCA have also released worker and customer safety guidance for 'Drive-In and other Outdoor Cinemas'.
For more information, visit the UK Cinema Association website

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Nate Parker to Premiere 'Birth of a Nation' Follow-Up at Venice, Spike Lee Hails Film as 'Tour de Force'
Parker stars in the politically-charged "American Skin," which he also wrote and directed.
Matt Baron/REX/Shutterstock
The Venice Film Festival has announced Nate Parker's politically-charged drama "American Skin" will world premiere in its Sconfini section. The announcement brings Parker prominently back into spotlight for the first time since the controversy surrounding his directorial debut, "The Birth of a Nation." "American Skin" stars Parker as a Marine veteran whose son is killed by a policeman during a routine check. When the policeman is declared innocent, the veteran takes the entire police station hostage and puts on a trial in which the jury is made up of inmates and everyday people.
The world premiere of "American Skin" will be attended by recent Oscar winner Spike Lee. The "BlacKkKlansman" director will sit down with Parker following the screening for a Q&A discussion. Lee said in a statement, "My brother, Nate Parker, has concocted a brave tour de force. I haven't been affected by a film like this on so many levels in a long, long time. It is my hope and prayer that the movie audience will understand this battle between love and hate, which has divided our world. Bravo Nate, Bravo."
Bong Joon Ho Makes History Again as 2021 Venice Jury President, the First from South Korea
Venice Film Festival 2020 Winners: 'Nomadland' Takes Golden Lion, Vanessa Kirby Is Best Actress
The Best TV Crime Shows of the 21st Century, Ranked
Parker became the sensation of the 2016 Sundance Film Festival with his fact-based slavery drama "The Birth of a Nation," which won the Audience Award and the Grand Jury Prize in the U.S. Dramatic Competition. Fox Searchlight picked up the film in a giant $17.5 million deal, still the biggest Sundance deal in history.
Nearly a month before the movie's release, a 1999 rape trial involving Parker and co-writer Jean McGianni Celestin resurfaced and derailed the film. Parker was acquitted of the rape at the time, but his initial response to the controversy rubbed many the wrong way, and he consistently maintained his innocence and disinterest in apologizing. In 2016, Parker and Celestin's alleged victim's sister wrote a piece for Variety that publicly shared that the alleged victim had died by suicide in 2012.
"Birth" opened October 7, 2016 and earned only $16.8 million at the box office, a big loss for Searchlight.
"American Skin" was shot in Los Angeles and co-stars Omari Hardwick ("Power"), Theo Rossi ("Sons of Anarchy"), and Beau Knapp ("Southpaw"). Producers include Mark Burg, Tarak Ben Ammar, and Lukas Behnken.
The film joins such titles as "Ad Astra" and "Joker" has being included in the official Venice lineup. Those movies will debut in competition. The 2019 Venice Film Festival takes place August 28 – September 7.
This Article is related to: Film and tagged American Skin, Nate Parker, The Birth Of A Nation, Venice Film Festival


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Q: determining GPS points from a grid in meters I am new to GIS use and I have a plan (scanned from paper, old fashion) with a grid of 5x5 meters cells and a GPS point in the middle. I wish to georeference my plan, but I only have one known point. I was wondering if there was a calculation to find out what coordinates are associated to the points on the grid?

A: The first thing you should do is to check what acual scale your map has after you scanned it. When you know that your grid has 5x5m you can count the pixels that are within in the 5x5 grid to get your scale. (consider to count in x and y direcetion as your scan might be a bit distorted) You can count the pixels "by hand" or for example within GIMP you got a measure tool that tells you the amount of pixel for a given line(looks like a pair of compasses). With this information you can get new points by measuring distances from you GPS-Point and can translate them into coordinates by your on paper-scale.

A: You can set up a local coordinate system, based on the origin of your local grid, ideally your GPS reference point.
Follow my advice here:
Using customized Coordinate System in ArcGIS Desktop?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


One area of business which always interested me is the lengths to which companies go to ensure patronage of their customers.
Quite often, companies are more than willing to shell out millions of dollars to not only woo new customers/subscribers to their establishment, but also maintain the loyalty of their existing customers. The previous statement cannot be generalized though. Sharp differences exist between industries & based on geographies.
In the electronic industry space, especially the smart phone industry, ensuring customer patronage is limited to listening to the "Voice of Customer" and creating "cool" gadgets, which are at least marginally better than their competitor's product or the previous version of their own. The retail and hospitality industry though are subject to multiple factors such as target audience, consumer demography etc.
I, myself had extremely different experiences in various establishments of the same organization in different cities across the country. Though not a planned exercise, but these different experiences formed the way for my two experiments to understand the demographical influence on Customer relationship and how organization try to shape their influence on consumer.
One such unplanned experiment came to what I call as the "Missing Tazo Story". It was a month ago when I bought a packet of Pepsico's Corn based snack – Cheetos. The cover of product mentioned a surprise "Tazo" inside each pack. The "Tazo" is a circular disc which can be used in combination to form small games. But in my case as you might have guessed by the title, the "Tazo" was missing. On a normal day, I would have dismissed this as a normal packaging error, but on the same day I was working on a "Customer Loyalty Program" project and this seemed to be the perfect experiment. With a bunch of pictures of the packaging and batch information, I drafted my first but boring, customer complaint email to the address mentioned on the back of the package. Then the wait started.
I knew the chances of even getting an email response was remote, considering a packet of "Cheetos" cost just 10 rupees and I would be forming the smallest possible customer for an establishment like PepsiCo.
To my amazement, not only did I get a response within 8 hours of my mail, the executive went ahead and send me 10 of those "Tazos" to my office address. Now, this was not something I had expected. My own project ensured calculating the "Return on Investment" (ROI) on any spending involving "Customer Relationship Management. Here I was given an example where a company spends 3 times the cost of their product (30 rupees approx.) on postal charges to appease a disappointed customer.
With ever increasing competition, organizations have realized that they need to do all what they can, to ensure they have an edge over their competitors. As I observed, quite often organizations do spend more than the cost of product itself, because a calculated risk, would ensure not only a returning customer, but more of their friends/colleagues with them. Maybe, it is not true for all the industries yet, but in retail and services, customer still dictate the terms and hopefully its infectious.


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Birch / Betula
Black Mulberry (Morus nigra)
Home « Ohio « Lake « Morus « Morus nigra
Family: MORACEAE
Genus: Morus
Species: Black Mulberry (Morus nigra)
Black Mulberry Species Images
Black Mulberry Species Description
These plants are from foreign areas (those that occur outside of North America north of Mexico) that have been released intentionally or unintentionally. Plants that have been disseminated or escaped as a result of human activity, and become established somewhere within the United States, Canada or Greenland.
Allergenicity: Black Mulberry (Morus nigra) is a severe allergen.
Pollination: Occurs in following seasons depending on latitude and elevation: Spring.
Angiosperm - Flowering Dicot: Plants in this group have two embryonic leaves (dicotyledons). Examples of dicotyledons are beans, buttercups, oaks, sunflowers, etc.
Tree: A large plant, not exactly defined, but typically over four meters in height, a single trunk which grows in girth with age and branches (which also grow in circumference with age).
Shrub: A woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same root.
Weed: Any plant growing in cultivated ground to the injury of the crop or desired vegetation, or to the disfigurement of the place; an unsightly, useless, or injurious plant.
Perennial: Living for many years.
Woody Stem: Non-herbaceous. Lignified.
Black Mulberry Species Usage
Pharmacological: Used in medicine or pharmacological research.
Dye: Used as a colored dye.
Honey/Bee Pollen: A plant used as a source of food for Honey Bees, and may be a flavor of honey such as clover or alfalfa.
More Black Mulberry (Morus nigra) imagesby Jessie M. Harris from BONAP
More on Black Mulberry (Morus nigra) in Wikipedia
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Enter a full or partial species name to find more information on one of over 1200 potentially allergenic plants. For example, you can find chenopods searching on "cheno" (no quotes) as Latin Name.
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Black Mulberry Species Location
The shaded areas on the map indicates where the species has been observed in the United States. Click the map to see a full scale version of these allergy areas.
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Singapore and the UK to embark on digital economy talks in 2021
On Thursday, 10 December 2020, the UK's Secretary of State for International Trade Elizabeth Truss and Singapore's Trade and Industry Minister Chan Chun Sing signed a free trade agreement (FTA) to ensure that companies from both countries will enjoy the same benefits that they are receiving under the EU-Singapore FTA from the 1st of January 2021.
Both countries also agreed to start negotiations for a "digital economy agreement" next year to help facilitate cross-border digital trade - a first for Singapore with a European country.
How does this benefit Revolut?
The deal secures benefits for UK FinTech firms in Singapore. Singapore has agreed to start a review in 2021 to consider an increase in the limits imposed by the Payment Services Act on e-wallet payments, which affect a number of UK firms with operations in the republic, including Revolut. It will also discuss opportunities for UK firms to apply to become Digital Wholesale Banks in Singapore.
[Source: UK strikes Singapore and Vietnam trade deals, start of new era of trade with Asia]
How will this benefit you?
Currently, Revolut customers in Singapore are only able to hold up to S$5,000 (or its equivalent in foreign currency) at the end of the day. The Act also limits how much a customer can transact annually on the app - no more than S$30,000 (or its equivalent in foreign currency).
If and when these limits are increased, you will be able to use your Revolut account to manage more of your money and in more areas of your financial life.
James Shanahan, CEO of Revolut Singapore says:
"Digital trade between the UK and Singapore is now more important than ever as businesses increasingly shift online in the post-pandemic economy. This agreement will foster greater trust and commonality between and amongst regulators in both countries. Revolut––with its over 13 million customers worldwide––welcomes the UK-Singapore Free Trade Agreement and increased cooperation between both countries. We look forward to taking even more of our products to our customers here and creating more jobs in Singapore, the UK and beyond".
Singapore is the UK's largest trade and investment partner in the ASEAN, while Britain is the city-state's top investment destination in Europe.
Montrez à vos factures qui est le boss avec les Pockets Revolut
Notre nouvelle fonctionnalité Pockets est l'endroit idéal pour maîtriser vos dépenses une bonne fois pour toutes ! Elle vous permet d'organiser vos factures sans effort.
Show your bills who's boss with Pockets
Our new feature Pockets is the perfect place to get on top of your spending once and for all! It makes organising your bills effortless.


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The Prodigy unveil new single 'Light Up The Sky'
Nick Reilly Sep 27, 2018 10:00 am BST
Keith Flint Credit: Getty
It's the latest offering from their new album...
The Prodigy have released the second track to be taken from their upcoming seventh album 'No Tourists'.
'Light Up The Sky' is a dubstep infused offering from the 90s icons. It follows the release of lead single 'Need Some1', which first emerged in July.
Meanwhile, 'No Tourists' is set for release on November 2. It's the follow-up to 2015's 'The Day is My Enemy', and will be accompanied by a huge UK tour in November.
Check out the dates in full below. You can buy tickets here.
Fri November 2 2018 – GLASGOW SEC Centre
Sat November 3 2018 – NOTTINGHAM Motorpoint Arena Nottingham
Mon November 5 2018 – BRIGHTON Centre
Tue November 6 2018 – PLYMOUTH Plymouth Pavilions
Thu November 8 2018 – LIVERPOOL Liverpool Echo Arena
Fri November 9 2018 – CARDIFF Motorpoint Arena Cardiff
Sat November 10 2018 – BIRMINGHAM Arena Birmingham
Tue November 13 2018 – LEEDS first direct Arena
Wed November 14 2018 – LONDON Alexandra Palace
Thu November 15 2018 – LONDON Alexandra Palace
Describing 'No Tourists', the band previously explained how it's inspired by a desire to seek "danger and excitement".
"To us, 'No Tourists' is ultimately about escapism and the want and need to be derailed", they explained. "Don't be a tourist—there is always more danger and excitement to be found if you stray from the set path."
The Essex formed in Braintree in 1990 and have released six studio albums so far in their career, including 1994's 'Music For The Jilted Generation' and 1997's 'The Fat Of The Land.'
Stormzy and Lewis Capaldi Credit: Getty Images
Watch Stormzy cover Lewis Capaldi during TRNSMT 2019 headline set
'Stranger Things" Finn Wolfhard explains Mike's remark to Will
Jerry Lawson (centre) with the Persuasions in 1973
The Persuasions' Jerry Lawson has died


Nielsen//Netratings July Index finds e-commerce web traffic still strongIn just one month, number of active Internet users increases 4.5% globally, to 122 million; data shows thatcompany Websites have six minutes to make user impression.
In just one month, number of active Internet users increases 4.5% globally, to 122 million; data shows that company Websites have six minutes to make user impression.
STAMFORD, CT - August 31, 2000 - Nielsen//NetRatings, the fastest growing Internet audience measurement service in the world, today released results from its July global Internet index, showing that 42 percent of home Internet surfers visited shopping sites last month.
"Despite wide-spread investor concerns about the viability of e-Commerce, shopping sites are pulling in enormous traffic, showing the global appeal and swelling potential of shopping on the Internet," said David Day, director of analytics, ACNielsen eRatings.com.
Nielsen//NetRatings is a service provided by ACNielsen eRatings.com (a venture between ACNielsen Corp., and NetRatings, Inc.), Nielsen Media Research and NetRatings, Inc.
Day also noted that outside the US, Amazon attracted a majority male audience, most notably in the UK, where twice as many males visited Amazon as women. However, in the US, women surfers outnumbered male surfers on Amazon, accounting for 54% of Amazon's traffic, as opposed to the 46% of traffic from male surfers. In each country, Amazon measured its highest proportion of visitors from the 25-49-year-old age bracket.
"Though corporate information sites ranked, as would be expected, below such audience-grabbing categories as news and information and entertainment, a fair share of the global audience - 23% of the home surfers active in July - are visiting those sites and spending an average of six minutes there," Day said.
"For companies that have corporate Websites, or for companies looking to create a Website as a marketing tool, this tells us that many consumers, job-seekers, investors and possibly even competitors are analyzing those sites and using the Internet as a means to get a further impression of a company."
"Corporations have six minutes to make the impression they want to make on those important audiences, so this medium should be taken very seriously," Day added.
In July, the online universe - the number of people with Internet access -- grew 4.5% over June figures, rising to 216 million people in July from 207 million people across Australia, Canada, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, the UK and the US in June.
Similarly, the number of people active on the Internet in July increased 4.5% to 122 million, which equates to 56% of those with Internet access.
ACNielsen is the world's leading market research firm, offering measurement and analysis of marketplace dynamics, consumer attitudes and behavior, and new and traditional media in more than 100 countries, and NetRatings is the leading provider of Internet audience measurement technology and analysis. Through the Nielsen//NetRatings service, ACNielsen eRatings.com is creating the first global service for tracking audiences, advertising and user activity on the Internet in more than 30 countries worldwide.


May is an incredibly busy month for us – my son has swimming lessons twice a week, soccer practice twice a week, dance lessons and recital preparation, three days of kindergarten orientation, a craft class, specialist appointments, his 5th birthday party…and the list goes on! Thankfully we aren't always this busy and we'll have some time to relax after mid-June. With being on the go so much, I'm always looking for quick & easy snack ideas that we can pack as a picnic. My son thinks it's a real treat to eat lunch in the back of the SUV! In the back of the vehicle, I add a few fun decorations, a couple of pillows and some tasty packed lunches. My son has severe food allergies so eating out is extremely challenging for us. I feel much more comfortable grabbing something at the grocery store that is properly labeled with ingredients and cross-contamination warnings. One of our favourites are the new Schneiders Simply Lunch kits.
The Schneiders Simply Lunch kits come in two varieties – Ham & Cheese and Turkey & Cheese. I've tried them both – several times actually, I'm hooked! – and I love them both. If my son had to vote for a favourite, he'd pick the Turkey & Cheese lunch kit because of the chocolate bear cookies. He doesn't usually care for chocolate but he loves these cookies!
The Ham & Cheese lunch kit includes smoked ham slices, Colby cheese, wheat crackers and chocolate chip cookies. The Turkey & Cheese lunch kit includes smoked turkey slices, Colby cheese, wheat crackers and chocolate bear cookies.
Yes, that's real cheese inside those lunch kits! There are no nitrates or preservatives added, making these a healthier lunch idea and perfect for summer picnic season. Simply grab some at the store, toss them in a cooler with some cold bottles of water and you're ready to go!
What do kids think of these new Schneiders Simply Lunch kits? Well, let's ask my little guy!
Let Schneiders know what you think of the new lunch kits by visiting them on Facebook or Twitter.


End of the campaign "Improving the community gardens of the Upper River Region"
We here at Worldcoo are sad to say that our project for improving the community gardens of the Upper River Region in Gambia has come to the end as we didn't reach the funding target.
We believed that this project was necessary and had much potential. We would like to say a big thankyou for all of those that did support the cause. All the donors of the project will find their donation converted into Worldcoo credits equivalent to the donation amount. An email with further instructions has been sent to all of the donors.
Once again, we would like to express our gratitude to all of those who supported this project and ask you to please continue to sponsor our future projects.
ESADEBAN hosted the 1st Social Impact Investment Forum: "Business and Impact Investment" on 4th December with our participation.
The Investment Forum is an annual meeting point for entrepreneurs who are aiming to make a social impact and investors who are interested in participating in their projects. "Impact investing" means investing in projects that will have a social impact as well as financial returns. Therefore, those investments are not properly classified as philanthropic or charity donations.
The Investment Forum presented five entrepreneurs with innovative, sustainable projects that address challenges in various areas (protection of the environment, citizen participation, education, job placement, access to housing, etc.) and require at least 50.000€ in financing from private investors.


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Home > Reference > History of India > Modern History of India > British Empire in India > South India during British Rule > Kingdom Of Mysore > Anglo-Mysore Wars > Second Mysore War
Second Mysore War, 1780-1783, British India
Second Mysore War was a highly unsuccessful war for the British and Mysore monarch, ending in disappointment.
The Second Anglo-Mysore War was a conflict between the British kingdom and the kingdom of Mysore. During that time, Mysore was a key French ally in India. As a result, the Franco-British conflict raging on account of the American Revolutionary aided to spark Anglo-Mysorean antagonisms in India.
During July 1780, following the failure of negotiations regarding his grievances with the British, Hyder Ali of Mysore (c.1722-1782) vigorously prosecuted war against Madras. With an army of 80,000 to 90,000 men, Hyder Ali burned and destroyed much of the countryside around Vellore and Madras.
On 10th September, Mysore forces led by Tipu Sultan, the eldest son of Hyder Ali, annihilated a British force of approximately 3800, led by Colonel William Bailie (d. 1782) at Polilur. On 3rd November, Hyder Ali captured the fort at Arcot. In subsequent engagements, the British fell back on Madras.
In November 1780, Warren Hastings, the then Governor-General of India, took several measures to protect Madras. He forwarded Sir Eyre Coote (1726-1783) as the new commander. Hastings also sent 550 European troops, with an emphasis of the artillery and five battalions of Bengal Native Infantry. In January 1781, Coote marched towards Wandiwash. This proved sufficiently threatening to force Hyder Ali to abandon his siege of the locale.
In January 1781, a French fleet of eleven ships, which had a previous encounter with the British, arrived at Pondicherry. With little water and fearing the arrival of a British fleet, it departed on February 15 for the Isle de France. On 18th June, Coote was held back in his assault on the fortified Pagoda of Chillambram. On 22nd June, Lord Macartney (1737-1806) arrived in Madras and assumed the governorship of the place.
Between the months of July-September, Coote won a series of victories at Porto Novo (July 1), Polilur (Aug. 2) and Sholinghur (Sept. 27) over the forces of Mysore. However, on 1st July, near Porto Novo, General Sir Hector Munro (1726-1805) wholly crushed the army of Hyder Ali. This secured for the British the strategic control of the southern provinces of Madras as Tipu Sultan also raised his siege of Wandiwash.
On 27th August, in the region of Tripassore, the British fought a bloody battle to gain victory over Hyder Ali. But, in the process, they lost more than 600 men. On 12th November, Munro captured the Dutch port of Nagapattinam and then won subsequent victories in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) over the Dutch in January 1782.
Later, the French naval forces of Admiral Suffren (1726-1788) and British Navy led by Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes fought a series of five naval engagements off the coasts of Coromandel and Ceylon. Neither navy was however able to gain a level of dominance.
Between 16th to 18 February 1782, Tipu Sultan surprised and captured Colonel John Braithwaite and a body of 1700 troops at Tanjore.
The Second Mysore War went through further developments in 1783. Brigadier-General Richard Mathews invaded Mysore in that year and captured Mangalore. Tipu Sultan by that time had taken command of the Mysore Army on the death of his father Hyder Ali. In turn, Tipu Sultan quickly captured Mathews and the British force.
As a consequence, on 11th March 1784, Lord Macartney negotiated the Treaty of Mangalore which brought an end to the Second Mysore War. The terms included the mutual restitution of prisoners and conquests; Hastings rejected the agreement as Mysore failed to keep its terms. The treaty is an important document in the history of India. It was the last instance when an Indian power dictated terms to the British, who were made to play the role of humble petitioners for peace.
On 17th August 1780, Warren Hastings, as Governor-General of India and Philip Francis, as Member of Council, fought a duel with pistols at a distance of fourteen paces. Francis was seriously wounded in the exchange of fire.
On 15th January 1781, Lord North established two Parliamentary committees. The first, a Select Committee, sought to make a public investigation of the supposed misconduct of the East India Company in India. The second, a Secret Committee, focused on the East India Company's financial affairs. In a report of April 30 the Select Committee, led by Henry Dundas (1742-1811), charged Hastings with starting the war in the Carnatic with Hyder Ali. Sir Thomas Rumbold (1736-1791), Governor of Madras, was also singled out for criticism. In consequence, Dundas forced through the Parliament a resolution seeking Hastings' resignation as Governor-General of India. The Company simply ignored the demand.
More Articles in Anglo-Mysore Wars (4)
First Mysore War
Second Mysore War
Third Mysore War
Fourth Mysore War
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