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Best Analysis: Green Light in The Great Gatsby
Posted by Dr. Anna Wulick | May 2, 2018 3:00:00 PM
One of the most arresting images in The Great Gatsby is Nick's vision of Gatsby stretching his arms out towards a small green light on the opposite shore of the bay. The mysterious, almost mystical nature of this gesture is a sure-fire sign that this green light is a symbol.
What is a symbol? It's something that is given extra meaning beyond itself. Something that stops being simply an everyday object, and instead represents thoughts and ideas that are bigger than itself.
What are the abstract ideas behind the green light in The Great Gatsby? Read on to see where this symbol pops up in the novel, what themes it is connected to, which characters are most closely associated with it, and some ideas for essay topics on this symbol.
Quick Note on Our Citations
Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book.
To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text.
What Is the Green Light in The Great Gatsby?
Before we delve into the symbolic meaning of the green light, let's first establish what this object is in concrete terms.
The green light is a permanently lit electric lamp that marks the end of Daisy and Tom's boat dock. It's a way to warn boats at night or during inclement weather that there is a structure there—this is why it is always on.
Because the Buchanans' mansion is directly across the bay from Gatsby's mansion, Gatsby can always see the green light.
Key Quotes About the Green Light
In order to figure out what the green light means as a symbol, let's do some close reading of the moments where it occurs in The Great Gatsby.
The Green Light in Chapter 1
The image of the green light at the end of Daisy's dock occurs for the first time at the end of the novel's first chapter. Before we have even met Gatsby, we get a description of him stretching out his arms towards something he can't reach—a gesture he will repeat over and over again.
...a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor's mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars. Something in his leisurely movements and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr. Gatsby himself, come out to determine what share was his of our local heavens.
...he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward--and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock. When I looked once more for Gatsby he had vanished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness. (1.151-152)
One thing in particular is interesting about the introduction of the green light: it's very mysterious. Nick seems not to be quite sure where the light is, or what its function might be:
Although physically bounded by the width of the bay, the light is described as impossibly small ("minute" means "tiny enough to be almost insignificant") and confusingly distant.
Even though we find out later that the light never turns off, here Nick only seems to be able to see the light when Gatsby is reaching out towards it. As soon as Gatsby disappears, Nick is in "darkness."
This vagueness and mystery is a good way for the novel to underscore the fact that this light is a symbol—it stands not just for the physical object that it describes, but for an idea within the book. What's the idea? I'll talk all about it in the next section of this article.
We return to the image of the light exactly halfway through the novel, in the fifth chapter, when Gatsby is showing Daisy around his mansion after he "accidentally" runs into her at Nick's house.
"If it wasn't for the mist we could see your home across the bay," said Gatsby. "You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock."
Daisy put her arm through his abruptly but he seemed absorbed in what he had just said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever. Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very near to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one. (5.117-118)
This appearance of the green light is just as vitally important as the first one, mostly because the way the light is presented now is totally different than when we first saw it. Instead of the "enchanted" magical object we first saw, now the light has had its "colossal significance," or its symbolic meaning, removed from it. This is because Gatsby is now actually standing there and touching Daisy herself, so he no longer needs to stretch his arms out towards the light or worry that it's shrouded in mist.
However, this separation of the green light from its symbolic meaning is somehow sad and troubling. Gatsby seemingly ignores Daisy putting her arm through his because he is "absorbed" in the thought that the green light is now just a regular thing. Nick's observation that Gatsby's "enchanted objects" are down one sounds like a lament—how many enchanted objects are there in anyone's life?
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The last time we encounter the green light is in the final paragraphs of the novel.
And as I sat there brooding on the old, unknown world, I thought of Gatsby's wonder when he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisy's dock. He had come a long way to this blue lawn and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night.
Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no matter--tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. . . . And one fine morning----
So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. (9.152-154)
Now the light has totally ceased being an observable object. Nick is not in Long Island any more, Gatsby is dead, Daisy is gone for good, and the only way the green light exists is in Nick's memories and philosophical observations. This means that the light is now just a symbol and nothing else.
But it is not the same deeply personal symbol it was in the first chapter. Check out the way Nick transitions from describing the green light as something "Gatsby believed in" to using it as something that motivates "us." Gatsby is no longer the only one reaching for this symbol—we all, universally, "stretch out our arms" toward it, hoping to reach it tomorrow or the next day.
You can read a more in-depth analysis of the end of the novel in our article on the last paragraphs and last line of the novel.
We're basically saying that the green light is Gatsby's precious, right?
The Meaning and Significance of the Green Light in The Great Gatsby
Like many of the most interesting symbols, the green light changes and develops its meaning through the novel.
In the beginning, the light stands for Gatsby's dreams, hopes, and desires to reunite with Daisy and recapitulate their beautiful month of love from five years earlier. This positive association connects with the color green. Green means go (stoplights were introduced in the 1910s-20s, so this was a relatively new association), green means spring, rebirth, and the start of new life. The positive meaning also works well with the idea of a dock light. Daisy is a beacon, pulling Gatsby out of the darkness and steering him in the right direction.
However, during the novel, Gatsby's dream is revealed to be the delusional conviction that he could ignore five years of events and Daisy's own personality and inner life to get what he wants. With this disappointment, the symbolic meaning behind the green light collapses. Daisy is not a magically perfect creature, but instead a fallible and deeply flawed person. The love Gatsby feels for her can only be played out as a secretive and morally questionable affair. And the green light loses its "enchanted" qualities and instead is revealed to be the not particularly reliable indicator that it actually is (suddenly, it becomes invisible in the fog).
Finally, as Gatsby's dream is dashed, the green light stops being something that is his alone, and instead takes on a universal quality. Now it stands for the unreachable dream that lives inside all people. For Nick, life is a constant struggle between our past mistakes, experiences, and sense of reality, which pull us back and weigh us down, and the green light of unrealistic hope that drives us to think we will do better and achieve more the next day.
The green light ends up standing for this dream of an "orgastic future"—that's right, that means a future lived at the height of orgasm—which is constantly getting farther and farther away, and that we keep trying to grab for, despite the impossibility of reaching it.
According to Nick, we all keep hoping our future will just be this for every second of every day. Fedora optional.
Characters, Themes, Motifs, and Symbols Connected to the Green Light
Jay Gatsby. Gatsby is most closely associated with the green light. He is the one who obsessively stares at this light at the end of Daisy's dock, dreaming of reuniting with her. He is the one who reaches his hands towards it, showing us that it is a symbolic representation of his dreams that are always just out of reach. And he is the one whose belief in the green light and its promise of a future of perfect happiness so profoundly affects Nick that Nick ends up admiring Gatsby.
Daisy Buchanan. The green light is located at the end of Daisy's dock, and is Gatsby's only physical sign of her before he meets her at Nick's house. For a long time, the green light, Gatsby's ambitious hopes, and Daisy are all symbolically one and the same. Only when Daisy has an affair with Gatsby, showing that she is a flesh and blood person with her own desires, fears, and flaws, does she separate from this idealized symbol of hope.
Nick Carraway. Nick is the one who realizes the significance of the green light for Gatsby when he sees Gatsby stretching his arms out towards it. He is also the one who connects the green light with everyone's hopes and dreams at the very end of the book.
Society and Class. For Gatsby, just as Daisy is visible through the green light, but in reality out of reach, so is the old money contingent of wealthy Long Island society. No matter how high Gatsby rises and how rich he gets, he still can't break through that final barrier—and he can never quite grasp the green light.
The American Dream. The green light comes to represent not just Gatsby's dream, but the aspirational American Dream that the novel shows in both its positive and negative aspects. Like this national myth, the green light is forever just out of reach, but also forever motivating feats of improbable achievement.
Symbol: Colors. That the light is green is very significant in a novel that is methodically color-coded. Somewhat in opposition to its culturally positive associations, in The Great Gatsby, green tends to be a sign of either hopeful rebirth, or sickness, greed, and death.
Wait, is the idea that we are constantly reaching for the unreachable happy or sad?
Essay Ideas and Tips for Writing About the Green Light
Now that we've explored the layers of meanings behind the green light at the end of Daisy's dock, you're in a good place to think about how to write about this symbol.
How to Write an Essay About the Green Light
Here are some tips on how to write an essay about the role of a symbol in a novel:
Build from the text out. In this article, I first looked at the green light in context and discussed its meaning in the exact places where it appears, and only afterward wrote about its general significance in the novel. The same basic rule of thumb is good to keep in mind for your own essay. Work from small ideas to big ones, and your argument will be well supported.
Make an argument. It's not enough to just describe the symbol and explain its possible meanings. Instead, you have to make sure that you're making some kind of point about why/how the symbol works. How do you know if you're making an argument and not just saying the obvious? If you can imagine someone arguing the opposite of what you're saying, then you've got an argument on your hands.
Don't overthink it. Sure, the green light can be said to represent lots of things: Gatsby's dreams, Daisy, or the quest to grab the elusive brass ring. But that doesn't mean that it also stands for world peace, environmental degradation, or Nick's pining for his war days. In other words, watch out for stretching your symbol analysis too far from what the text is telling you.
Essay Topic Ideas on the Green Light
Here are some possible essay arguments. You can build from them as-is, argue their opposite, or use them as jumping-off points for your own interpretation.
The green light is a kind of affiliation test for Gatsby. Those who imbue it with meaning like he does (like Nick) end up sympathizing with Gatsby; those who only see it as an object (like Daisy and Tom) are doomed to dismiss Gatsby also.
Gatsby's downfall starts at the moment when he stops seeing the green light as a symbol for his dreams and goals.
Ultimately, the green light means far more to Nick than to Gatsby.
Essays: it's not an argument unless a pigeon is pecking a chihuahua.
Green Light in The Great Gatsby: The Bottom Line
The green light is a permanently lit lamp that marks the end of Daisy and Tom's boat dock.
The image of the green light occurs:
At the end of Chapter 1, when Gatsby is reaching towards it and it is very mysterious.
In Chapter 5, when Gatsby and Daisy have reconnected, taking the symbolic meaning away from the green light
At the end of Chapter 9, when it transitions from being a symbol just for Gatsby and instead becomes a universal symbol of hope for the future.
The significance and symbolic meaning of the green lights shifts:
In the beginning of the novel, the light stands for Gatsby's dreams, hopes, and desires to reunite with Daisy.
During the course of the novel, Gatsby's dream is revealed to be delusional and unrealizable, so the symbolic meaning behind the green light collapses.
Finally, as Gatsby's dream is dashed, the green light stops being something that is his alone, and instead stands for the unreachable dream of an "orgastic future" that is constantly getting farther and farther away and that we keep trying to grab for.
The green light is associated with:
Jay Gatsby, who obsessively stares at this light at the end of Daisy's dock, dreaming of reuniting with her.
Daisy Buchanan, since the green light, Gatsby's ambitious hopes, and Daisy are all symbolically one and the same.
Nick Carraway, who is the one who realizes the significance of the green light for Gatsby and who connects the green light with everyone's hopes and dreams.
Society and class, the upper echelon of which is just as out of reach for Gatsby as the green light.
The American Dream, which is the aspirational hope that the novel shows in both its positive and negative lights.
Colors, which are very significant in this methodically color-coded novel.
Review where the green light appears to get a better sense of its context: Chapter 1, Chapter 5, Chapter 9, explore the way the end of The Great Gatsby connects to its beginning through the recurring image of the green light and compare and contrast Nick and Gatsby to see what the different ways they relate to the green light says about them.
Want to get some of that green light into your own life? Get yourself some Gatsby accessories from our list of the 15 must-have items for every fan of The Great Gatsby.
Check out all the other symbols that enrich this novel.
Decide whether Gatsby primarily treats Daisy as an object, or whether he does have a sense of her as a person and loves her for herself.
Read along as we walk through other works of literature with our analyses of "Do not go gently into that good night" (Dylan Thomas), The Cask of Amontillado (Edgar Allan Poe), and The Crucible (Arthur Miller).
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Dr. Anna Wulick
Anna scored in the 99th percentile on her SATs in high school, and went on to major in English at Princeton and to get her doctorate in English Literature at Columbia. She is passionate about improving student access to higher education.
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John J. Worthington, age 70, of Denver CO, passed away on February 3, 2019 from the effects of dementia. John was born in Philadelphia, was raised in New Jersey, and spent two years in Stockholm, Sweden as a young teenager. He was graduated from Cherry Hills High School (NJ) and Gettysburg College, where he was a member of Phi Delta Theta Fraternity and part of the ROTC program. Directly after college, John joined the US Air Force as a pilot of C-130 cargo planes. He was a Vietnam Era Veteran, stationed at CCK Airbase in Taiwan during the last years of the Vietnam War. Finding peace time less exciting for a pilot, John left the Air Force as a captain in 1976, although he flew for the Civil Air Patrol in Albany, NY and Denver, CO.
John's career was spent in sales, marketing, and general manager roles of several global manufacturing businesses, including WR Grace, FiberMark, Lydall, and Johns Manville. These positions moved him over the years to Atlanta, Boston, Philadelphia, Albany, NY and Denver, CO. John was active in trade associations and served on the board of directors of Lydall. He traveled extensively overseas.
At his core, John was a pilot and logged over 4,200 total flying hours. He kept his private pilot's license active from the age of 16. John flew for sky jumping clubs in PA, had his gliders license, owned a Stearman bi-plane when he lived in TX and a Cessna 182 while he lived in Albany, NY with his wife, Elizabeth. John traded the wings for a motorcycle when they moved to Colorado, and he enjoyed riding through the mountains and taking long distance motorcycle trips with friends. John and Elizabeth enjoyed golfing, hiking, and skiing together. John's other interests included reading, rowing, and bicycling – often biking 100 miles per week. John helped lead fair trade missions at St. Edwards the Confessor Church in Clifton Park, NY.
John and Elizabeth were married for 21 years and enjoyed traveling and entertaining. They were always planning their next trip. Their last big adventure was spending three weeks in New Zealand. John was the oldest child of John J. Worthington, Jr. and Dorothy Worthington, who both predeceased him. He is survived by a son, Adam J. Worthington, of Seattle, WA, two brothers, James (and Dan) Worthington of Baltimore, MD, Mark Worthington of Boston, MA, a sister Jane (and Dan) Senico of Cape May, NJ, and his siblings' children and grandchildren. John is also survived by his mother-in-law Judith Lonergan of Concord, NH, sister-in-law Ellen Farrey Barnes of Raleigh, NC, and her daughter Adelaide Barnes. John had a number of life-long and long-term friends that he valued very much.
The world lost the life of the party when John was diagnosed with early-onset dementia. He lived for the past two years in the memory care unit of Balfour Senior Living at Riverfront Park, in Denver, CO. Elizabeth and John's families acknowledge and are grateful for the care and attention provided to John. Shane Christian was with John as a care partner from the beginning of his journey at Balfour and provided unwavering and loving care, friendship, and support.
Funeral services will take place on Saturday, February 16th at 10:00 a.m. at Christ Our Light Catholic Church in Cherry Hill, NJ with the support of Schetter Funeral Home, 304 West Marlton Pike, Cherry Hill. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to the Air Care Alliance (www.aircarealliance.org) or to your local hospice.
To send flowers or a remembrance gift to the family of John J. Worthington, please visit our Tribute Store.
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A huge congratulations goes out to all five BCHL players drafted in this weekend's NHL Entry Draft, but a special congrats goes to current Cowichan Valley and former Merritt defenceman Curtis Gedig (91), who was chosen in the seventh round, 204th overall by the New Jersey Devils.
Gedig, who was traded from the Cents to the Captials five days before the BCHL January 10th trade deadline for F Scott Jacklin (90) and D Jimmy Geerin (89), posted 18 points in 46 games as a rookie last season. The Penticton product is on the list of the WHL's Calgary Hitmen, so it remains to be seen whether or not he'll return to Cowichan Valley. I would now think that the Devils will have some say in where "Digger" plays next season.
This entry was posted in BCHL, Curtis Gedig, Merritt Centennials, NHL Draft by Brian Wiebe. Bookmark the permalink.


Austin Rogers isn't just winning on Jeopardy!, he's doing it in style; his own wacky, goofy style. And the people love it. And he's one of the show's all-time winners. The bearded bartender has now won five seven ten Jeopardy matches in a row and is making a name for himself with his quirky, playful and confident personality as well as his high wagers on Daily Doubles. Here's what we know about the bearded Jeopardy contestant right now.
Originally from Westchester, NY, Austin Tyler Rogers currently lives in Manhattan, New York City.
He works as a bartender and has moonlighted as a freelance writer for many years. After graduating from Macalester College in Minnesota with a Bachelors in Arts (History/Music), he took a job as the Events Manager for the Asia Society. He held that job for a decade before moving onto Digitas, a marketing agency for two years. We don't know Austin's exact age, but if he graduated college in 2000, then he's probably 38 years old.
When it comes to Jeopardy contestants, Rogers is one of those rare players that isn't just intelligent, but also makes for great TV with his fun loving and odd behavior. Whether you like his spunky and quirky personality or not (we think Alex Trebek likes him), you can't help but pay attention to the guy.
If for some reason you're not a fan of Rogers' personality, you can't help to be drawn in by his guts and courage in his seemingly-willy nilly wagering on Daily Doubles. In our time watching Jeopardy!, we've never seen another contestant arbitrarily wager so much on Daily Doubles so often. As of this post, he's bet on a couple dozen Daily Doubles now — only losing on a handful of them.
Where Does Austin Rogers' Winnings Place Him All-Time?
Rogers has now won a total of $365,400 in his six seven ten Jeopardy wins. His total winnings were bolstered by large winnings in back to back episodes. Rogers took home $65,600 in his fifth episode and $69,000 in his sixth win.
That $65,600 was a record for one of the highest single-day winnings ever on Jeopardy. Though his total didn't surpass Roger Craig's $77,000 in a single day, it's good enough for the 4th highest amount won in a single game. With that day's winnings, he surpassed Arthur Chu's $58,200 and was right behind Jerome Vered's $68,000.
UPDATE 10/4: Rogers won $69,000 in his sixth consecutive win. How he did it was in typical Rogers fashion: wagering $34,000 (of his $35,000) in Final Jeopardy, then winning. With the $69,000 take, he now owns the third highest single-day winnings on Jeopardy! behind Craig and Ken Jennings. Not bad company at all. Rogers now owns two of the top five spots as far as most money won in one day ALL TIME.
At one point, he wagered $15,700 during a Daily Double question, and he had racked up over $42,000 by the Final Jeopardy question. That behavior, along with his hipster fashion sensibilities, has endeared him to viewers, especially on Twitter, with some users comparing him to the frontman of an indie rock band, and others to a Wes Anderson character.
As of his eighth win, Austin Rogers has won $332,400 in winnings and rockets him to fifth place all-time in Jeopardy! winnings easily leapfrogging over big name contestants Joon Pahk, Tom Walsh, Roger Craig, and Ben Ingram.
Next up? Rogers has surpassed recent Jeopardy winners Seth Wilson (2016) and Arthur Chu (2014). He's got some work in front of him now, as he's a full $100,000 behind Matt Jackson (#4) and Julia Collins (#3). See the full list of all-time Jeopardy! winnings here.
When it comes to total wins — Rogers will has a ways to go. Not just to catch up with Ken Jennings' ridiulous 74 wins, but even to begin to smell Julia Collins, Dave Madden, Matt Jackson or Arthur Chu. Here's a look at the All-Time Champions List.
He needs a few more wins to make a dent in the Jeopardy winning streak list, but whatever happens to Austin on subsequent episodes, we're happy to have yet another memorable character.
Related Jeopardy Articles: Is Austin Rogers gay?, Who is Lisa Schlitt?, Julia Collins is Jeopardy's Wonder Woman, Seth Wilson Moves Up, Arthur Chu takes on all the 'Haters', Matt Jackson among Jeopardy's All-Time Winners, Most Money Won on a Single Day of Jeopardy!


It's so true. We spend more time in thinking about "why me" rather than looking for a solution.
Yes, and often the solutions are right in front of our noses!
So true, Meg. Sometimes I catch myself trying something I know won't work 🙂 Loved the story of the puppy. I'm sure he'll get it next time.
This is a great example of what we as humans do when presented with a challenge.


text:
De langoesten (Palinuridae) zijn een familie van kreeftachtigen uit de klasse van de Malacostraca.

Kenmerken
Het is opvallend dat de dieren geen scharen hebben aan hun looppoten. Wel zijn er scherpe stekels op de achterlijfssegmenten. Vanwege het ontbreken van scharen worden langoesten niet als kreeften gecategoriseerd, ondanks de overigens sterke gelijkenis. Langoesten kunnen 20 tot 40 cm groot worden.

Geslachten
 Araeosternus
  Archaeocarabus , 1849

  Archaeopalinurus , 1974

  Astacodes , 1863

 Jasus , 1883
 Justitia , 1946

 Linuparus , 1847

 Nupalirus Kubo, 1955
  Palaeopalinurus , 1954

 Palibythus Davie, 1990
 Palinurellus von Martens, 1878
  Palinurina , 1839

 Palinurus Weber, 1795
 Palinustus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
 Panulirus , 1847
  Phalangites , 1839

 Projasus George & Grindley, 1964

 Puerulus Ortmann, 1897

  Rugafarius , 1985

 Sagmariasus Holthuis, 1991

  Yunnanopalinura , 2012

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package com.github.nmorel.gwtjackson.guava.client.deser;

import com.github.nmorel.gwtjackson.client.JsonDeserializationContext;
import com.github.nmorel.gwtjackson.client.JsonDeserializer;
import com.github.nmorel.gwtjackson.client.JsonDeserializerParameters;
import com.github.nmorel.gwtjackson.client.stream.JsonReader;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;

/**
 * Default {@link JsonDeserializer} implementation for {@link ImmutableSet}.
 *
 * @param <T> Type of the elements inside the {@link ImmutableSet}
 *
 * @author Nicolas Morel
 */
public final class ImmutableSetJsonDeserializer<T> extends BaseImmutableCollectionJsonDeserializer<ImmutableSet<T>, T> {

    /**
     * @param deserializer {@link JsonDeserializer} used to deserialize the objects inside the {@link ImmutableSet}.
     * @param <T> Type of the elements inside the {@link ImmutableSet}
     *
     * @return a new instance of {@link ImmutableSetJsonDeserializer}
     */
    public static <T> ImmutableSetJsonDeserializer<T> newInstance( JsonDeserializer<T> deserializer ) {
        return new ImmutableSetJsonDeserializer<T>( deserializer );
    }

    private ImmutableSet.Builder<T> currentBuilder;

    /**
     * @param deserializer {@link JsonDeserializer} used to deserialize the objects inside the {@link ImmutableSet}.
     */
    private ImmutableSetJsonDeserializer( JsonDeserializer<T> deserializer ) {
        super( deserializer );
    }

    @Override
    protected ImmutableSet<T> doDeserialize( JsonReader reader, JsonDeserializationContext ctx, JsonDeserializerParameters params ) {
        try {
            currentBuilder = ImmutableSet.builder();
            buildCollection( reader, ctx, params );
            return currentBuilder.build();
        } finally {
            currentBuilder = null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void addToCollection( T element ) {
        currentBuilder.add( element );
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
const Logme = require('logme').Logme;

module.exports = new Logme({theme: 'smile'});


text:
Ranking of most popular movie genres in Germany 2012-2013
This statistic shows the most popular film genres in Germany from 2012 to 2013. In 2012, 14 percent of the German-speaking population aged 14 years and older had gone to the cinema to see an action or adventure film within the last three months.
Most popular movie genres (visit to the cinema in the last three months) in Germany from 2012 to 2013
German-speaking population
n (2012) = 23,020 respondents, projected to 70.21 million
Figures are derived from the following studies: 2012: VuMA 2013; 2013: VuMA 2014
Multiple answers were possible.
Find more information on the methodology of the study here.
Average cinema ticket price in Norway 2010-2018
Market share of cinema chains in Norway 2018
Gross box office revenue in Norway 2010-2018
Ranking of cinema movies in Norway 2018, by admissions
Statistics on "Film industry in Norway"
Net cinema advertising revenue in Norway 2008-2018
Number of cinemas in Norway 2010-2018
Number of cinema film releases in Norway 2010-2018
Number of movie showings in Norway 2014-2018
Cinema admissions in Norway 2010-2018
Number of cinema buildings in Norway 2018, by number of halls
Cinema screens in Norway 2011-2018
Number of cinema screens in Norway 2018, by counties
Inhabitants per cinema screen in Norway 2009-2018
Ranking of cinema chains in Norway 2018, by number of admissions
Ranking of cinema chains in Norway 2018, by number of sites
Gross revenues of film distributors in Norway 2018
Market share of film distributors in Norway 2018
Cinema revenues from 3D movies in Norway 2009-2018
Share of cinema revenues generated by 3D films in Norway 2011-2018
Number of 3D cinema screens in Norway 2011-2018
Number of cinema admissions of 3D movies in Norway 2009-2018
Share of cinema admissions visiting 3D films in Norway 2011-2018
Gross box office revenue from domestic cinema movies in Norway 2011-2018
Number of domestic cinema films released in Norway 2010-2018
Number of domestic movie showings in Norway 2008-2018
Market share of domestic cinema movies in Norway 2011-2018
Number of cinema admissions in domestic movies in Norway 2010-2018
Number of awards received at international festivals for movies from Norway 2011-2018
Share of individuals visiting the cinema in Norway 2008-2018
Share of individuals visiting the cinema in Norway 2008-2018, by gender
Share of individuals visiting the cinema in Norway 2017-2018, by age group
Share of individuals visiting the cinema the in Norway 2018, by household income
Share of individuals visiting the cinema in Norway 2008-2018, by selected periods
Distribution of time spent on digital devices watching movies in Norway 2018, by age
Movies broadcasted in cinemas in China in 2011, by film genre
Ranking of most viewed films at cinemas in Denmark 2018
Ranking of the most successful films at cinemas in Sweden December 2016, by revenues
Distribution of film genres watched in movie theaters Turkey 2017-2018
Favorite film genres in the U.S. 2018
Favorite film genres in the U.S. 2018, by ethnicity
Most succesful movies in France 2012
Films with a cinema audience of millions in Germany 1994 to 2017
Ranking of the most successful movies in Germany in 2019, by number of viewers
Hollywood: profit per film 2004-2013, by genre
Premieres of German documentaries in cinemas in Germany 1998-2017
Premieres of German feature films in cinemas in Germany 1998-2017
Audience market share of German films in Germany 1996-2018
Genre distribution of cinema attendance in France 2010-2013
Age structure of arthouse film cinema audiences in Germany 2016-2018
Italy: distribution cinema screens of Cinetel circuit 2006-2014, by theater type
Italy: 5-7 screens cinemas 2005 and 2013, by macro-region
Most popular movies in the Netherlands 2018, by cinema revenue
Film industry in Japan Internet usage in Japan Japan Food retail in Japan Smartphones in Japan
VuMA (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Verbrauchs- und Medienanalyse). (November 13, 2013). Most popular movie genres (visit to the cinema in the last three months) in Germany from 2012 to 2013 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 21, 2020, from https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/383173/most-popular-movie-genres-germany/
VuMA (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Verbrauchs- und Medienanalyse). "Most popular movie genres (visit to the cinema in the last three months) in Germany from 2012 to 2013." Chart. November 13, 2013. Statista. Accessed January 21, 2020. https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/383173/most-popular-movie-genres-germany/
VuMA (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Verbrauchs- und Medienanalyse). (2013). Most popular movie genres (visit to the cinema in the last three months) in Germany from 2012 to 2013. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 21, 2020. https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/383173/most-popular-movie-genres-germany/
VuMA (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Verbrauchs- und Medienanalyse). "Most Popular Movie Genres (Visit to The Cinema in The Last Three Months) in Germany from 2012 to 2013." Statista, Statista Inc., 13 Nov 2013, https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/383173/most-popular-movie-genres-germany/
VuMA (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Verbrauchs- und Medienanalyse), Most popular movie genres (visit to the cinema in the last three months) in Germany from 2012 to 2013 Statista, https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/383173/most-popular-movie-genres-germany/ (last visited January 21, 2020)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Forget about a weak, unconvincing and cheap apology!! This is the time for sweating bullets. Yep, if you want her back it'll be just as painful, uncharacteristic and involve some heartfelt changes on your part. This means not only are you going to have to climb the mountains (of your own making!) in the next couple of weeks to charm her back into your life, but you are going to have to do this as part of your natural appeal every day. Yes I said "every day!" - just like you have to eat to survive, so too do you have to nourish this fragile love. The reason it has already ended up this way is because you have been starving the relationship to the bulimic breaking point!
I can guarantee that the main issue she had with you was your poor communication and inability to express how you feel, compliment her, notice when she'd had her hair cut or colored, or, how on the rare occasions you took her out (inevitably to some bar that was crowded and noisy), you failed to tell her how beautiful she looked. That is what I mean by communication and then some. So now you have excommunicated yourself. Do you see where this is going? (I know, I know, you are going to say "Men are from Mars ..." but I am not interested in your excuses. You have to accept ownership and responsibility RIGHT NOW or kiss your relationship goodbye - the rift is now that major!).
The top priority is that you have to re-engage with her in a way that not only blows her socks off with regards to the new, open and "in touch with my feelings" communicable you, but also romancing her in such a way, she is left breathless and unable to resist.
You are going to do whatever it takes, leaving hand-written romantic messages in all the unexpected places that she could find them, designed to intrigue and build into orgasmic climax, figuratively of course.
These must be followed up by text messages that are sincere, offer a little bit more intrigue until you finally (over the period of a week) invite her to a romantic venue where you pull out all the stops in your heartfelt apology, you vow to never take her for granted again, and your sincere intention in letting her drive the pace if she would graciously agree to your absolute last chance in showing her how much you love her.
You do this, and more, making sure your plan is well orchestrated and you have thought of everything, and guaranteed she will be yours again. I just have one word of caution. Don't botch-up again buddy! This time, you say what you mean and you do what you say. If not, you won't have a snowball's chance in hell to win her back, EVER!


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THE BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC
A Warning of Judgment to Come
The Battle Hymn of the Republic has an important message for us all. The American Civil War (1861-1865) eventually cost over 600,000 lives. The bloody conflict divided communities and even families, as brother sometimes fought against brother. Though there were various economic and political factors involved, a major impetus for war came from the growing number who abhorred the practice of slavery. The courts had decreed that a slave was not a full human being, and not a citizen, but merely a piece of property. Many were appalled at this. Abraham Lincoln called slavery "a moral, a social, and a political wrong."
In the early days of the war, Dr. Samuel Howe and his wife Julia moved from Boston to Washington D.C., where he was involved in medical work for the government. Day by day, Mrs. Howe watched long lines of Union soldiers heading off to fight. As they marched along, they would often sing an old camp meeting song. The original said, "Oh, brothers, will you meet us on Canaan's happy shore?" But the soldiers borrowed the tune and sang, "John Brown's body lies a-moldering in the grave..." (Brown was an early abolitionist who had been hung.)
One day in 1861, Julia Howe's former pastor suggested she write some more fitting words for the melody. Hours later, she says, "I awoke in the grey of the morning, and as I lay waiting for dawn, the long lines of the desired poem began to entwine themselves in my mind....I sprang out of bed and in the dimness found an old stump of a pen....I scrawled the verses almost without looking at the paper." The result would soon rouse a nation to defend the cause of freedom. When the song was sung at a rally, President Lincoln shouted, with tears streaming down his face, "Sing it again!" Now one of America's most beloved national hymns, it is known as "The Battle Hymn of the Republic."
Julia Ward Howe (1819-1910) was raised in an orthodox Christian home, but later turned away from this early influence, becoming more liberal, and eventually joining the Unitarians. They accept the ethical teachings of Jesus, but generally deny His full deity. However, Mrs. Howe continued to believe in the presence and power of a personal God who is active in the affairs of men. She wrote her hymn as a warning to her nation of the Almighty's impending judgment, if the people did not uphold truth and righteousness by freeing the slaves.
The song begins, "Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord; / He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; / He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword; / His truth is marching on." These lines brim with the apocalyptic visions of Revelation--the glory of God being revealed, as His righteous indignation is poured out on the earth (Rev. 14:7; 19:1-2), the destroying sword proceeding from the mouth of the Messiah-king (Rev. 1:16; 2:12, 16; 19:15, 21), and the blood flowing crimson, like wine, as judgment is visited upon the wicked (Rev. 14:18-20; 19:11-19).
Another stanza adds, "Let the Hero born of woman crush the serpent with His heel," a reference to Christ's prophesied defeat of Satan (Gen. 3:15). But the hymn also finds hope in the Lord Jesus. It says rightly "He died to make men holy," and He has "a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me." In the words of Scripture, He "bore our sins in His own body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live for righteousness" (I Pet. 2:24; cf. II Cor. 3:18).
Though the roots of The Battle Hymn of the Republic are American, its admonition is universal. "Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a reproach [a shame] to any people" (Prov. 14:34). If we reject or ignore God's moral law in our national policies, there will be a price to pay.


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Andreas Franke's Photographic Montages Encounter A Sinking World
by CaroPosted on June 16, 2015
Austrian photographer Andreas Franke combines his two passions for the camera and scuba diving in his images of a ghostly sinking world. His digital montages combine the artist's own photographs of sunken ships with carefully orchestrated sets, built above the surface at his studio. In his statement, Franke writes, "With my photographs of sunken shipwrecks, I want to pull the spectators into unreal and strange worlds. Mystified scenes of the past play within a fictional space. Dreamworlds you can get lost in or you can identify with. This creates a new and unexpected atmosphere. This work shows a lot of myself, since I am always on the lookout for stunning themes to create new images never seen before." Franke's work takes something with a past life and breathes life back into it, not only in a conceptual, but literal sense. His recent exhibit, titled "Life Below the Surface" was installed 100 feet below sea level at the site of the USNS General Hoyt S. Vandenberg in the Florida keys. With famous wrecks like the Vandenberg as their backdrop, Franke's subjects from 50s sailors to 18th century courtesans go about their every day lives. The dimension of the image does not stop there however. Following his exhibition in the keys, Franke's prints resurfaced stained and discolored by sea water, thus becoming a part of the history that inspired them. Take a look at more images of Franke's "A Sinking World" below.
Site by Shrieking Tree


Many pregnant women ask themselves, is chiropractic care safe during pregnancy? And for some women who have never seen a chiropractor, the thought of seeing one during pregnancy may seem a bit strange. The truth is that chiropractors are usually highly trained to work with pregnant women.
During pregnancy your body goes through a lot of changes to prepare itself for the developing baby including a protruding abdomen, increased back curve, pelvic changes and postural adaptations, rapid increase/decrease in weight, changes in sleep patterns, altered appetite and eating habits. Each of these changes and more can result in subluxation and these subluxations not only affect you but also your unborn baby.
Chiropractic care can provide effective pain relief for the back, pelvic and hip pain that may be experienced during these changes. Chiropractor care is also beneficial during pregnancy to create pelvic balance and alignment. If the pelvis is not aligned correctly the size of the area available for creating the baby is reduced. This can also result in complications regarding the position of the baby during delivery.
Chiropractic care is safe and effective during pregnancy. Some chiropractors have even specialised training in prenatal care and use specific equipment to adjust a pregnant woman's body. Regular chiropractic sessions can result in a healthier pregnancy, reduced nausea, decreased labour and delivery time, neck, back, pelvic and hip pain relief and could prevent the need of a caesarean section.
If you are expecting, it may be time to visit Optimal Chiro to relieve some tension from your body.


Stopped by Big Sky Bagel for lunch the other day and was shocked to find out that they were OUT OF BAGELS.
That would be like going to McDonald's and being told that they were out of burgers, or KFC running out of chicken!
Speaking of McDonalds, I was surpised to see the 10th Avenue McDonalds completely demoed last night! Do you know why the all-of-the-sudden demo?
That's like no gasoline at the gas station.
Mark- The McDonald's on 10th was scheduled for an "upgrade" starting this month. (Trib had an article a few months back) I was surprised at how fast they ripped the old one down!
I understand tearing the old McDonald's down to make way for a new one. However wouldn't it have been nice of the owners to have donated all of the old toy-land equipment & any usable benches, other equipment, etc to one of the local parks or non-profits instead of the local landfill? Recycle & reuse??? Just my humble opinion…..
That crossed my mind, too, ReAnn…maybe there were legal issues with that, and McD was worried about liability if some kids got hurt while using old donated playground equipment?
Add Cattins to the list of closed restaurants rumored that it's about to be bulldozed. Closed Wednesday morning.
I haven't been to Cattin's since… oh… let's say… 2001.
I won't miss it I'm pretty sure.
I went to burger king one time and was told they were out of burgers? I just sat there with my mouth open like, excuse me did you really just say that? The clerk just smiled like…move on lady..As if he had to go back to making his non existant burgers…I just don't understand.
Pingback: Bagel Co! | Greater Falls!


Light events and festivals can have an impact on their communities both through opportunities they provide for participation and skills development, through volunteering or temporary work opportunities, as well as environmental and political impacts.
Light events can mobilise a large number of people and create meaningful impacts on their lives in a number of ways. At the most basic level, they create an enjoyable and pleasurable experience for visitors and local residents. At an advanced level, such events can develop opportunities that positively change participants' and others' attitudes and long-term behaviour.
The LUCI research came across only a very limited number of studies or evaluations that captured such impacts through a structured approach to impact measurements, although several event organisers stated they had anecdotally observed such impacts. This guide attempts to build practical steps to facilitate the assessment of social impacts in a more systematic way.
The reason for measuring social impacts can often be linked directly to the aims and objectives of event organisers and sponsors. Thus, the starting point in delivering specific social impacts is for a light festival to have clearly stated aims and objectives that describe the delivery mechanisms by which the planned impacts will occur.
The toolkit will cover different elements of social impacts such as the effects on local skills and volunteering, as well as community particpation.


The victorian viewing station at Claife, seen from Windermere.
Not Just Collective are proud to announce their new exhibition which will open on 22nd November 2014 at the Secret Terrace in L8.
'Upstream' is a collection of new work inspired by water.
The most abundant molecule in our bodies comes with a host of cultural, spiritual, scientific and environmental associations. Our show will explore the character and resonances of this most essential ingredient of life.
Following on from the exhibition, Not Just collective will be touring the show. A further exhibition, entitled 'Downstream' will be scheduled at a later date, in a public venue.


Episode #109, "With Cat-like Tread," is complete and clocks in at 9,475 words. Part One will post on June 21st.
No actual writing yet. But we are in the midst of sketching out the plot.
For those of you keeping score, #10 will answer the question "Who the hell is this Sakura person and why is she messing with Kat and Mouse?"


This article covers the current multiplayer version of this building. For another version see Nydus Network (Wings of Liberty and Heart of the Swarm).
The Nydus Network is a tier-two Zerg building that is used to move units quickly around the map. It requires a Lair to build and can create Nydus Worms. A Nydus Worm can be built anywhere one has vision, without need for Creep or a Drone. The worm takes 14 seconds to set up before emerging from the ground and settling into position. During this set up phase it has 6 armor. Once in position, it acts as the exit to the Nydus Network, allowing the player to transfer units from the network to the worm almost instantly. Once the worm is finished moving it cannot be re-moved and will act as a building. You cannot (simultaneously) build multiple Nydus Worms from a single network, but you can build another Nydus Worm after the first worm is done spawning. All worms and networks are connected to each other. Units in the Nydus Network will die only if all worms and networks on the map are destroyed.
Nydus Worms act as both entrances and exits; units can safely retreat back into the Nydus they came from and will take no harm should the Nydus Worm get destroyed "behind" them, nor will the Nydus Network unlike its predecessor in SC:BW. However, if there are units that remain in the Nydus Network when all canals and Network are destroyed, the units are lost.
The maximum number of units that a Nydus Network can hold is 255, and the maximum cargo space that a Nydus Worm has is 1020 - which is, considering the maximum amount of supply is 200, an unlimited capacity (at least for 1v1).
Drones can be rallied directly onto mineral patches and - with the help of the Shift key - back to the Nydus. The same can be done on the other side to a Hatchery. Alas, the unloading has to be ordered manually for each instance.
Non permanent units such as those under control of Neural Parasite, Changelings, and Infested Terrans cannot enter the Nydus Network.


Chair Party Rentals | BounceGeeks.com Richmond, VA.
We also provide chairs for your events!
Need chairs for guests? Let us help you out by bringing our sturdy white folding chairs. The price of $2.00 is for one individual chair. Note: rental does not include setting the chairs up for you. We have to focus on getting to our next drop-off and getting our orders delivered on time!
We do our best to keep our chairs clean, but being used outdoors leads to the occasional staining. Please don't expect them to be perfectly bright white. Don't forget the tables!


This past weekend, I completed Level 1 Functional Dry Needling certification through Kinetacore. Dry needling had been a tool I wanted to learn for awhile but had been hesitant taking a course due to some states' reluctance to permit PT's to utilize the skill (AZ just accomplished this within the last couple years). However, in looking at the different states' standings, fewer and fewer states restrict dry needling, and most of these states will likely adapt within a few years it would seem. Now, I am not going to write an article discussing the evidence behind dry needling. That is for another time as I already know some people regularly wait to debate the topic. I simply want to review the course.
One of the aspects I was most impressed with in the course was the emphasis on examination and test-treat-retest. The instructors did a phenomenal job educating the class on how to properly assess myotomes, incorporate part of the SFMA (Selective Functional Movement Assessment), and, most importantly, how to differentiate between peripheral nerve lesions, radicular lesions, and multi-level involvement. While some of these examination methods are taught in school, many do not fully understand these findings and how it will impact their treatment. With each needling treatment, an asterisk sign was sought and retested afterwards in order to determine the effect of our treatment. Again, this is another component of physical therapy that is regularly missed (often due to time restrictions), but is essential for patient progression.
As far as other content goes, the instructors do a good job differentiating between the different theories of how dry needling works and the evidence behind each theory. As with many of our treatments (especially manual), there are different theories out there with evidence to support them, some more than others. This is important as it may impact our treatment. For example, one of the major mechanisms theorized for manipulations and dry needling is through the nervous system. Due to this involvement, almost always related spinal segments are assessed/treated as well. Double Crush Syndrome is a more specific example of this application, but it can also be related to a "strained" hamstring benefiting from treatment to the L5-S1 segments. Additionally, the course covers important topics like the states' rights issue and acupuncture vs. dry needling.
One of the major concerns with physical therapists performing dry needling is safety. The concern of infection and transmission is an important one as we are dealing with many patients each day. Clean needle technique is practiced and tested thoroughly to ensure we decrease the risk of these concerns. Other issues like pneumothorax, puncturing arteries, and more are thoroughly covered. In the level 1 course, all techniques are specifically taught to decrease risk of hitting these structures and practiced repeatedly to ensure safety and competence. For example, if treating a muscle that is close to the lungs, it is pulled away from the rib cage and the needle is inserted parallel to the rib cage to avoid any risk of puncturing the lungs. The rib cage itself (and thoracic spine) is completely avoided altogether. Should you follow the instructions from level 1, any risk of severe complication should be significantly reduced.
Of course, the most important component is the needling instruction itself. The instructor to student ratio was perfect at 1:6. Each muscle was first reviewed anatomically and the needling technique was discussed afterwards each with pictures and video (3d imaging for muscles/anatomical structures). After that, the large class was broken up into small groups where the instructor reviewed surface anatomy and palpation of landmarks to identify where to treat. The instructors would then demonstrate each needling method and some of their own insight to common findings and tips for treatment. Finally, the small groups were broken up to simply needling your lab partner and then switching, all while the instructors were walking around answering questions and helping the students. I cannot think of one instance where I had to wait more than a minute to have my question answered or to have an instructor assist me. This was done over and over again throughout the weekend to ensure competency with the primary goal of the instructors being to help us safely and competently apply the techniques the next week.
Overall, I highly recommend the dry needling course through Kinetacore, even with the cost. The course is organized well to keep your mind attentive and wanting more throughout the weekend. The fact that the material is presented in such an eclectic thought process is pretty impressive for a level 1 course in general. You will come away from the weekend, not only with the ability to safely dry needle right away, but also as a better diagnostician and clinician. Finally, I want to add that each and every instructor emphasized that they would never want any of the students to become "dry needlers," but instead to add dry needling to their potential treatments and grow as a clinician overall. Thank you to Kinetacore and all the outstanding instructors we had this weekend.
Hey, thanks for that review. I am taking their Level 1 course in a few weeks. I was wondering how the theoretical and practical exam was. Is it information just learned in the course or from the pre-course material. was it multiple choice or fill in the blank. thanks for your help!
Thanks for reaching out! Unfortunately, I do not remember exactly how the theoretical exam was, but the practical exam was only on stuff we covered in the class. For both exams, they do a really good job of letting you know during the class what you should focus on for the exam. Good luck and have fun!


On 8th January 1947 the university appeared like a little star on the educational horizon of pre-independent India. That little star now called as the University of Rajasthan is shining like a diamond in the sky. After acquiring the status of university with potential for excellence, today, the university celebrates its 68th foundation day. .
Rajasthan University Law Entrance Test (RULET) 2015 is a state level entrance exam which is conducted by the University of Rajasthan for the admission process in the university and various affiliated college. Rajasthan University is accredited as A+ by NAAC India.
All affiliated and constituent institutes are offering the same course.
· The applicants who are interested in entrance test RULET 2015 must full the following eligibility criteria.
· The interested applicants have to download the application form and then fill till the last date of application.
· The application form will be submitted along with DD in the favor of RULET, University of Rajasthan payable at Jaipur.
· The RULET 2015 entrance test consists of 200 multiple choice with total 200 marks allotted.
· The question categories in various parts language ability (50 marks), legal reasoning (30 marks), general knowledge (30 marks), and general science (30 marks) to social studies (30 marks).
· Total time allotted is 120 minutes only.


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Masters Propio (ENEB, etc)
Discussion in 'General Distance Learning Discussions' started by Garp, Jul 4, 2020.
heirophant Well-Known Member
Regarding Spanish "propio" degrees, isn't this essentially the same situation that we see in France? Degreeinfo has many threads about French schools that award their own degrees that aren't recognized as "national degrees" by the appropriate Paris ministry. I'm just speculating now, but I wouldn't be surprised to see the same thing happening in Italy too. (The 'Latin' thing...)
heirophant, Jul 7, 2020
heirophant said: ↑
Not the same in France. There, the entire school is not recognized by the Ministry. E.G. The infamous Robert de Sorbon - headquartered in the owner's farmhouse. He was successfully prosecuted for fraud in 2011 and fined 15,000 Euros. I believe he occasionally posts here, sometimes to threaten us for something we said about his school - sometimes under an alias and posing as "conseiller juridique" (lawyer) - or once in a long while, just to extol its "merits." Hmph! "Conseiller Ridicule!" Schools like this exist through a loophole that probably dates back to Charlemagne, that protects entities that have the merest toe-hold in France. Even after the fraud conviction, RDS could not be closed.
Propio degrees come into being like this: Ministry inspects University. The officials say "OK, the school is approved & recognized. You may teach the following degrees, (recognized by us, the Government) " -- and they hand over a list. They also say "you may teach other degrees if you want - but if you do - they are without recognition - unless you seek it and we say so." The university is not bound to seek Ministry recognition of such degrees. These legal but non-recognized degrees - from a recognized school - are the propios. No degree from a fraudulent or unapproved school is a propio. Nor is a completely unauthorized degree a propio - e.g. distance degrees offered by a school that has been told by its country that it has no right to award any offshore degrees - or any non-campus ones.
As far as I know, only Spanish and Latin American schools have this degree-by-degree approval coupled with permission to teach other degrees. I could easily be wrong, though. Correct me if I am. Degrees from some private schools - e.g. quite a few in Panama - are not true propios if the school does not have mainstream recognition (University of Panama oversight). A private university there can do business under a license without academic oversight. If it does so - it's legal, but the school and degrees have less than mainstream recognition. So - no true propios there - just degrees of potentially lower standing, depending on the beholder.
Enough about propios. Here's a Rutgers site about a Hoodoo Queen. That school good enough for you? https://www.rutgers.edu/news/rutgers-camden-scholar-clears-misconceptions-about-hoodoo
Johann, Jul 7, 2020
Wow. That lady is my kind of scholar. One lecture from her is probably worth more than a PhD at any of the Institutes of Ethereal Self-Improvement ...Two more promising (to me) Hoodoo Courses. No, three - Cat Yronwode's bio. is really something. Quite a read. She's one of the few people who went through the sixties - and can remember them!
https://crescentcityconjure.us/pages/online-tarot-readings-skype-phone-or-in-person
https://www.centreofexcellence.com/shop/hoodoo-diploma-course/
https://www.luckymojo.com/cat.html
Born in Mississippi in the dust of a cotton patch
Raised up by a rattlesnake and that's a natural fact
And now you know I'm full grown, got a monkey paw in my hand
I got a black spider ball in my pocket, I'm a Mississippi Hoo Doo Man
People say I'm evil, they swear that it's the truth
Every time I try to move they say the devil's loose
They all talk about me, they don't understand
They don't know the power of a Mississippi Hoo Doo Man
They tried to burn the cornfield just to chase me down
When the smoke had lifted an empty cornfield's all they found
Tried so hard to catch me, plan after plan
They don't know I can't be caught, I'm a Mississippi Hoo Doo Man
Omar Dykes (Omar & the Howlers) - Mississippi Hoo Doo Man.
We now return to our regular programming . . . (yawn)
Not the same in France....
I should have said - not ALWAYS the same. There are fraudulent schools without recognition - and legit, authorized schools that don't have full mainstream Recognition - e.g. many of the distance business schools that abound there nowadays - and teach to offshore people often in English. Sometimes these degrees, perfectly legal, simply lack full State recognition or endorsement. If the school is not fully mainstream State-recognized, those degrees can't be considered propios. Sometimes, it appears that such-and-such a school may exceed its authority and teach degrees beyond its scope - e.g. doctoral degrees, when its degree-granting permission only extends to master's.
So - still no true propios I know of. That requires a school with full mainstream state recognition - working according to established (legal) policies,
or a bad school n of its degrees, or schools which are just plain exceeding the degree-granting permission the State accorded them. True Propios can only come from fully State-recognized schools. And never exceed the school's state-mandated degree granting parameters e.g above their pay grade..
Johann said:
or bad school n of its degrees
Sorry - typo supremo. Garbled. Should read "The French degrees I call non-propios are either from a bad school with no meaningful recognition of its degrees..or schools which are just plain exceeding their mandate... or some reasonable-or-better schools, the degrees of which, while permitted, simply do not have fully mainstream State recognition." Time-out got me.
RFValve said: ↑
I agree but many people come here with the obsession to get one from a legal institution so it can be disclosed in a CV.
"but...."
Well, you might, but they don't! There's no law against a false degree claim per se. It's all in how it's used. They come here for some sort of pre-approval for what they know is a deception--hoping it's not "too" deceiving. Yeesh.
Rich Douglas, Jul 8, 2020
heirophant likes this.
RFValve Well-Known Member
Here in the United States, one typically doesn't need a degree in order to call one's self "doctor", except in some regulated professions like medicine which require not only a degree but a license to practice. So the cheapest and easiest option would seem to be lying. Smarter than sending thousands of dollars to some stranger so that he can tell you that it's ok to lie.
Of course civil or criminal fraud considerations might come into play if somebody else pays me money or incurs other losses based on trusting my claims about my worthless/non-existent education. I'm not a lawyer but it's something to think about.
I think there is a difference between lying and disclosing an unaccredited degree. If I earned an unaccredited degree, I am not lying, I'm disclosing an unaccredited or propio degree in a CV.
According to your logic. if someone earns an ENEB Masters that is unaccredited, he or she might as well lie in a CV as the degree is worthless.
Again, not everyone needs an accredited degree, I might earn an unaccredited degree in natural medicine but this could be enough to practice in a region where accredited degrees are not required. It is not the same that I just lie in my CV and say "I am doctor of natural medicine from University of Life".
Most people hiring or looking or a professional advise, are looking for competency, not because the propio degree is unaccredited, it means the person lacks the competency.
Many propio degrees lack government recognition but are recognized in the Industry because the training is valid.
I believe there is nothing unethical with getting a propio PhD and disclose it as such in a CV, but it is unethical disclosing a fake credential that I never earned.
Propio degrees appeal mainly because cost, I don't think the people looking for these options are looking at cheating the system.
I am sure that even religious PhDs require some effort, if I am just using this credential to conduct wedding ceremonies and give some spiritual advice, maybe one year training is all you need.
RFValve, Jul 8, 2020
Johann766 Member
A marginal degree also. I guess it can have its use. Again, if it costs me 5K and get back 2K from taxes and it helps me to get what I want, it might be worth something.
As for alternatives to propio Doctorates, I found the school from Mexico:
https://universitam.com/acreditacion/
A virtual school that claims minister of education recognition but it offers "propio" doctorates and post doctorates. Very new school to tell if it will survive. UNEM has been at least in operation for more than 20 years but it has few incidents of diploma mills.
The school above also seems to be marginal in the sense that has minister of education approval but no ranking and only virtual presence. I don't know the cost but if someone is interested, they can check the link above.
Seems like this school has moved to anonther Url: https://universitam.university
Unfortunately I´m unable to find out whether this school has any state recognition. However the website speaks about a connection with CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY CFE which seems to be a complete fake organisation.
Johann766, Jul 10, 2020
I´m still looking for a school that is offering a "titulo propio" PhD degree in the Business / Law field.
Also the school should have at least state recognition for one of their academic degrees to ensure that the school is not completely fake.
Hopefully someone at the school speaks English however I can find that out by contacting them.
The only option I´ve yet is San Juan de la Cruz University, thanks to Johann for posting this one. Would be nice to have a alternative to choose before I start enrolling
Since I cannot find any other titulo proprio PhD degrees I´m calling out a finder´s reward of 20 Euros for each school PM me and I will pay via Paypal
Johann766 said: ↑
Would be nice to have a alternative to choose before I start enrolling
I'll not charge you for any info, here, Johann - I think it's against the forum principles and I don't want to get banned. So, for free - I suggest you might start with the list of private Universities in Costa Rica. Some will likely be available in English - some won't. There are probably 60 or so with 100 campuses total. Look at the websites etc. You may very well find a few degrees of the sort you're looking for by starting here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Costa_Rica
Johann766 said:
...which seems to be a complete fake organisation.
Sicher. Eine gute Entscheidung. Don't translate that here. You never know who's reading... could be -um, "those" guys.
Johann, Jul 10, 2020
Hmm maybe the finder´s fee was a bad idea, I didn´t think about the rules of this forum. Sorry, I can´t edit it,
That's OK Johann. I say (as the Mafia guys say) "fuhgeddaboudit." "The moving finger, having writ - moves on, etc." (Omar Khayyam - Persian poet) As Omar said, 300-odd years ago, you can't erase what "the finger" wrote. Not after 10 minutes, anyway. Besides, you've probably had two or three good suggestions on PM by now and your quest is likely over. Cheers! When you've made your decision, let us know how it all turns out.
Yes, but they also claim association with ECE that is a NACES member foreign credential evaluator.
CFE is really not a University but an evaluation service that is not NACES recognized. The service is not honest as they registered as a school in California so they can have the right to be called University so their certificates look like University diplomas.
It is a fake University but a real credential evaluation service that has little value.
It looks like a decent option but it is too new to be considered.
I also found UTEL but this is not offered in English but they have a PhD in Business, https://www.utel.edu.mx/
The challenge here is that you are looking for a doctorate and it has to be given in English. You might need to look for a Latin English school in Dominica and Belize.
I found the school below in Dominica that claims to be a candidate for accreditation with AAC (Curacao minister of education approved for caribbean schools)
http://www.acedu.org/govt-approvalaccreditation-and-memberships.html
As far as Costa Rica is concern, there are many schools there but the challenge here is that they should be willing to accept an English dissertation. San Juan and UNEM seem to be the only known options for English, as you don't like UNEM then San juan becomes the next option.
RFValve, Jul 10, 2020
Really? The Wiki listing of private Costa Rican universities I referred to earlier has a few schools with English titles - even "the American University of This-or-That." I'd have thought at least they'd be teaching in English - and maybe a couple more of the 60 or so institutions there. I suspect that maybe some of the ones with Spanish names might have developed a taste for greenbacks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Costa_Rica
Really? The Wiki listing of private Costa Rican universities I referred to earlier has quite a few schools with English titles - even "the American University of This-or-That." I'd have thought they'd be teaching in English - and maybe a couple more of the 60 or so institutions there. I'm sure some of them have developed a taste for greenbacks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Costa_Rica
Maybe but but not many offer online programs and most none offer doctoral degrees.
Dominica has few accredited online schools, Ballsbridge is not accredited in Dominica but just claims candidacy for Curacao's accreditation.
This is the reason why Azteca, UCN, San Juan, etc are popular, they seem to be the only ones that accept english.
Attached is a better, more complete list of Costa Rican private universities, with some descriptions that may help. And forget Ballsbridge (not only because of its somewhat objectionable (to me) name.) It's totally unaccredited in Dominica (or anywhere else I know of) and IIRC was one of the "8 Copthall Group" of half-a-dozen hasty "university" incorporations via the International Business Corporation route that used to cost about $350 plus a lawyer's fee. None of that group ever had meaningful accreditation. "Brain Wells U." and Blue something-or other were two of the others. The incorporation address was 8 Copthall St. in Roseau, Dominica - hence the name we assigned the group. One of them even sold 100% distance MD "degrees" for about $5,000. At least they assured you that you couldn't get a Medical License with those "degrees"!
Oh yes - here's the better list of Costa Rican private universities. I wouldn't rule out the chance of English instruction, looking at some of the descriptions / names.
https://www.altillo.com/en/universities/universities_costa.asp
They also claim to be registered and recognized by the governments of... let's see... France, Delaware, California, Cyprus, "and other countries". With claims like that, maybe they should be called Ballsy-bridge.
Maniac Craniac and Johann like this.
I think we've seen it in Malaysia too. An old-timer. Threads go back years... IIRC it was once accredited by the infamous International Accreditation Organization, which also "accredited" Pebble Hills U. and a bunch of Axact clones. IAO has accredited over 1,000 "schools" in its time.
Maybe a business opportunity for you. Try to negotiate with one of the schools, negotiate that they grant the degree and find a company that teaches and supervises the students. You might want to approach an existing unaccredited school that already has a doctorate program and just ask them if they are willing to be validated by the Costa Rican school. Negotiate a finders fee for yourself and then send students like the OP to get the doctorate.
The above for sure will be more lucrative to yourself than actually taking a program from the Costa Rican school.
RFValve said:
Maybe a business opportunity for you.
No, thanks. I think education should be good - and cheap. I don't want to mark up, resell and make it more expensive. Your idea, you're welcome to do it. I'll pass. Thanks anyway.
I worked in the business world for 30 years. Hated it, although I didn't suck too badly at it and it paid the bills. Not going back. Right now, I'm getting free education. I finished lecture #3 today in Python Programming - from MIT - free download, 13 lectures. Dr. Ana Bell is a superb instructor. I have free lectures / courses from Harvard, Yale, British and French universities - everything I want.
A year or two ago, I completed the Digital Photography series from Harvard. Dr. Dan Armendariz is an inspiring teacher. Yale was particularly great for modern poetry and for music. I remember the professor expounding on different scales - Nora Jones singing in a 5-note American blues scale - and her father, Ravi Shankar, playing sitar in an Indian 6-note raga scale. That professor really knew where to find good examples. He had excellent piano chops himself, as well. As long as I don't require the diploma (and I don't) I'm good. With my laptop, I can "go" to the best schools - free -forever. It doesn't get any better than MIT, Harvard, Yale etc..
Years ago, I never imagined this would be possible. It's wonderful. Simply wonderful. My kind of school. Doctorate be damned. Isn't it always the way? I can finally afford one - and I don't want it...


Kimball Sykes joined the National Arts Centre Orchestra as principal clarinet in 1985.
Born in Vancouver, he received a Bachelor of Music Degree from the University of British Columbia where he studied with Ronald deKant. In 1982 Mr. Sykes was a member of the National Youth Orchestra and was awarded the first of two Canada Council grants to study with Robert Marcellus in Chicago. He has participated in the Banff School of Fine Arts Festival, the Scotia Festival, the Orford Festival and the Ottawa Chamber Music Festival.
He has performed and toured with the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra and was a member of the Vancouver Opera Orchestra. While in Vancouver, he was a founding member of the Vancouver Wind Trio. From 1983 to 1985 he was principal clarinet of the Honolulu Symphony Orchestra.
Mr. Sykes has performed as a soloist with the NAC Orchestra on numerous occasions. In May 2000, he gave the premiere performance of Vagues immobiles, a clarinet concerto by Alain Perron commissioned for him by the NAC, and in November 2002, he performed the Copland Clarinet Concerto, both conducted by Pinchas Zukerman. Other groups he has appeared with as soloist include Thirteen Strings, the Honolulu Symphony and the Auckland Philharmonia.
Mr. Sykes has performed numerous solo and chamber music programs for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. He can be heard on the recent Chamber Players of Canada recording of Schubert's Octet. He has also recorded the Mozart Clarinet Quintet with Pinchas Zukerman and NAC Orchestra principal musicians Donnie Deacon, Jane Logan and Amanda Forsyth which is included in the NAC Orchestra's double Mozart CD for CBC Records which was nominated for a Juno Award in 2004.


text:
On Behalf of Kirsh & Associates, LTD. | Jan 4, 2023 | Spousal Maintenance or Alimony
Spousal maintenance, also known as alimony, is a court-ordered payment made by one spouse to the other during or after a divorce. The purpose of spousal maintenance is to provide financial support to a spouse who may be unable to support themselves following a...
What can change maintenance payouts in Illinois?
On Behalf of Kirsh & Associates, LTD. | Sep 21, 2022 | Spousal Maintenance or Alimony
Spousal maintenance – also known as alimony – is prone to changes over time in the state of Illinois. There are many reasons why the court might change the conditions of your alimony payments, but there always has to be a reason. How is spousal maintenance determined?...


text:
Rubber Composite Speed Tables
From: Federal Government(Federal)
10 Aug, 2017 (about 5 years ago)
FA8601-17-T-0211
Department of the Air Force
88SFS/S4 2586 Newark St., Bldg. 295 Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 Fairborn , Ohio 45433 United States
SOW_Speed_tables_1.docx
Provisions_and_Clauses.docx
COMBINED SYNOPSIS/SOLICITATION
This is a combined synopsis/solicitation ("synopsitation" hereafter), which is expected to result in award of a Firm Fixed Price contract a
for commercial item, i.e., Rubber Composite Speed Tables as
described under the attachment titled "Statement of Work (SOW) Speed Tables"
. The synopsitation is prepared in accordance with the format in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Subpart 12.6, as supplemented with additional information included in this notice. This announcement constitutes the only solicitation; proposals are being requested and a written solicitation will not be issued. The solicitation is conducted as a commercial item procurement using Simplified Acquisition Procecures (FAR Part 13). An award, if any, will be made to the responsible offeror who submits a proposal that (1) conforms to the requirements of the synopsitation; (2) that receives a rating of "Acceptable" on the Technical Capability evaluation factor; and (3) that submits the proposal with the lowest total evaluated price (TEP), provided that the TEP is not unbalanced and is determined to be fair and reasonable. The Government reserves the right to award without discussions or make no award at all depending upon (1) the quality of proposals received and (2) whether proposed prices are determined to be fair and reasonable.
Synopsitation Number:
This acquisition is a 100% Small Business Set-Aside Acquisition under North American Industry Classification (
NAICS) Code: 326299,
Small Business Size Standard: 500.
Synopsitation Closing Date: Proposals must be received not later than
Eastern time on
22 August 2017.
Send Proposals To:
AFLCMC/PZIOBB
Attn: Nicole Phillips
1940 Allbrook Drive, Suite 3
WPAFB OH 45433-5309
Submit electronic proposals via
e-mail to: nicole.phillips.8@us.af.mil
Any correspondence sent via e-mail must contain the subject line "Synopsitation FA8601-17-T-0211 -Rubber Composite Speed Tables." The entire proposal must be contained in a single e-mail that does not exceed 5 megabytes including attachments, if any.
E-mails with compressed files are not permitted.
Note that e-mail filters at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base are designed to filter e-mails without subject lines or with suspicious subject lines or contents (i.e., .exe or .zip files).
Therefore, if the specified subject line is not included, the e-mail may not get through the e-mail filters. Also be advised that .zip or .exe files are not allowable attachments and may be deleted by the email filters at Wright-Patterson.
If sending attachments with email, ensure only .pdf, .doc, .docx, .xls or .xlsx documents are sent.
The email filter may delete any other form of attachments.
Address questions regarding this synopsitation to
Nicole Phillips by phone at (937) 522-4606 or via e-mail at nicole.phillips.8@us.af.mil.
A detailed description of the requirement including period of performance, provisions and clauses, representations and certifications, and specifications are provided in the attached documents.
Upon award, any provisions that were in the draft contract (including representations and certifications) will be removed from the award document.
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO ALL CONTRACTORS:
All prospective awardees are required to register in the System for Award Management (SAM) and maintain active registration during the life of the contract. SAM can be accessed at https://www.sam.gov
•1.
Solicitation Document
Provision and Clauses
Due: 13 Feb, 2023 (in 14 days)Agency: DEPT OF DEFENSE
Rubber Sealant Products and Tool
Due: 08 Feb, 2023 (in 8 days)Agency: City of Sacramento Dept. of Public Works
Due: 03 Feb, 2023 (in 3 days)Agency: Department of Defense
Country : United StatesState : Ohio


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'Picture Rock' is a term used for anything fancy, usually it's jasper.
This time it's crazy lace.
To Look at this rock is like seeing the power of Mother Nature and God.
Everytime you look at the pictures you can see at www.thejohnlennonrock.com, you can see a new vision.
He certainly must of had a lot of admirers, at one point, he was worried he was more popular than Jesus Christ.
I hope this that this will be a positive experience in your life that will bless you.
Fans of The Beatles were very sad to hear of the death of Heinz Edelmann who passed away in Stuttgart on Tuesday July 21st aged 75. Heinz was held in the highest regard by The Beatles who enjoyed a professional friendship with him for many years.
Yellow Submarine would not be regarded as an animation classic if it were not for the astonishing design concepts that he brought to the film, which inspired everyone connected to the production to create something truly remarkable.
Heinz's infectious enthusiasm and sparkling wit was much commented on by those who had the good fortune to meet him.
Watch a new trailer for The Beatles: Rock Band!
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text:
Pamela Reed, född 2 april 1949 i Tacoma, Washington, är en amerikansk skådespelare. Hon har bl.a. spelat Arnold Schwarzeneggers kompanjon i actionkomedin Dagissnuten.

Reed är sedan 1988 gift med regissören Sandy Smolan. Paret har två barn.

Filmografi (urval)

1992–2003 – Simpsons (TV-serie)

2006–2008 – Jericho (TV-serie)
2008 – Eli Stone (TV-serie)
2009–2010 – United States of Tara (TV-serie)

Externa länkar

Kvinnor
Födda 1949
Levande personer
Skådespelare från delstaten Washington
Amerikanska TV-skådespelare
Personer från Tacoma


Description: Transcriptions of recordings in the Language Archives collection at the Berkeley Language Center. Most are Eastern Pomo songs performed by Bill Graves. Also included is some Northeastern Pomo and Hupa material, as well as data sheets for several Language Archives series.
Citation: Sawyer, Jesse O. (researcher); Graves, William (consultant). [undated]. California Language Archive.


Ardbeg Very Young Islay Single Malt Whisky.
Ardbeg Very Young Committee Approved.
Distilled 1998. – Bottled 2004.
The first "Young" release following the development of the Ardbeg 10 year old Signature malt.
Followed up with "Still Young" 2006, "Almost There" 2007, and Renaissance 2008 a ten year old Ardbeg.
Ardbeg Very Young Single Malt Whisky Tasting Notes.
Nose: Sweet toffee, chocolate, hints of treacle, butterkist popcorn Something gently smoky lurking in the background.
With water; some vanilla, honey and almonds are revealed. Along with some gentle spices, particularly cinnamon.
Taste: The delicious, treacly, charcoal smoke reveals itself fully, with hints of herbs and malt.
Finish: A long treacle and cloves aftertaste.
If your preference is for Smokey Phenolic whisky see what other drams we have. Or Visit our whisky by taste section for other styles.
More information about the Ardbeg Whisky Distillery Click Here.


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602 Bahia Del Sol Dr.
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text:
import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core';

import { Portfolio }        from '../shared/portfolio.model';

@Component({
  moduleId: module.id,
  selector: 'jneal-portfolio-link',
  templateUrl: './portfolio-link.component.html'
})
export class PortfolioLinkComponent {
  @Input()
  portfolio: Portfolio;
}


need to get it one..i really love it..
I am using my pearl past 11 months. It was my first blackberry phone which is amazing. Battery back-up was good for normal use . while using browsing it drains out. Rest and all it's good. This is one of the best phone that I never experienced.
bilbo, 09 Feb 2012I've had bb 9105 for 9 months.I do like it but it can freeze and gets an annoying rotating bla... moreplease do a device wipping by using security wipe in your handheld,and please notice do some backup using desktop manager before to backup your bb data and then go for wipping. if that doesn't do the job, please renew your os. surely that will do the job.
does anybody know if this phone has an automatic keyguard? pls help!
Can I watch movies in BB Pearl??
Anonymous, 22 Jan 2012Got this phone for only P7,000.00 each for SIX units now im dealing it with my friends and co-... morehow much? and where to meet?
miss my pearl. Accidently drop it into da drain. Gotta buy new 1 today.
Bluejazzy, 20 Dec 2011Yes it does ...i use d pdf.all the time sirwhere can you download a PDF reader? what is the application name?


text:
Gegants Coloms de Sant Andreu de Palomar són dos gegants, en Colom i la Coloma, vinculats al barri de Sant Andreu de Palomar i trenquen físicament, la imatge del gegant tradicional. Són mig ésser humà mig ocell: tenen un cos humà nu i cap i ales de colom.

La construcció de la parella de gegants fou iniciativa de la Germandat de Trabucaires, Geganters i Grallers de Sant Andreu de Palomar, després del deteriorament d'en Jordi i la Rosa, uns gegants de motxilla del barri fets de manera casolana que tingueren una vida molt curta. Aleshores l'entitat decidí de crear uns gegants nous que s'identifiquessin amb el barri, amb motius referits als coloms pel topònim Palomar, que fa referència a l'abundància de colomars que hi havia a l'antic terme parroquial. Encarregaren la tasca al mestre imatger de Cardona Toni Mujal, que els enllestí el 1989, i s'estrenaren aquell mateix any a les festes del barri.

Després d'anys de balls i passejades, decidiren d'ampliar la família. El 2005 la Coloma va pondre un ou que es va poder veure en les sortides de la parella durant nou mesos. Finalment, el 10 de juny de 2006 en va sortir el gegantó Galtetes, l'únic fill de la parella, i, d'aleshores ençà, és ben habitual de veure'ls tots tres junts.

Els Gegants Coloms també tenen ball propi: la «Marcha do Entrelazado de Allariz», una cançó tradicional gallega adaptada per Carlos Núñez. Hom els pot veure passejar i dansar cada any a la Festa Major de Sant Andreu, juntament amb les altres figures del barri. També surten en nombroses cercaviles i trobades de gegants, tant a Barcelona com a fora.

Referències

Coloms De Sant Andreu De Palomar