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The Immigrant (Tõnis)
Posted bytonislahemaa	 May 25, 2019 Leave a comment on The Immigrant (Tõnis)
A photograph of immigrants arriving in Ellis Island in the early 20th century United States
I chose this photograph as my visual because it depicts the people coming from war into unknown territory. Most of them didn't have a choice as to whether to move into a completely different continent, not knowing what awaits, or stay at home and possibly get killed. These immigrants can be seen wearing what I'd say to be "higher-class" garments. So it is heavily implied that a lot of rich families had a better chance of escaping war in Europe. Ellis Island was the second hurdle to jump over, first, of course, being the long voyage on the ocean. The inspection was long and dull, so whether they were completely healthy or not, showing any symptoms would possibly mean deportation. Families usually had relatives living in New York City or somewhere near the area. If not, then people had to make due with what they had and work hard to even get a living space.
Discovery of gold and gold mining
First rush was in 1799. Gold was discovered in North-Carolina. The finder didn't know its value and used it as a doorstop. In 1802 it was recognized and word spread. First miners were farmers. Carolina mines evolved into mine-shafts. By 1835, there was a manifold of it so President Jackson created U.S mint to process it.
Second rush, found in Georgia in 1835 created tensions with aboriginals and resulted in the removal of Cherokee tribes from the area. Also, a mint was founded for it.
The third rush was, in 1848, a gold mine in Coloma, California by J. W. Marshall. At first, he tried to keep it a secret but that didn't succeed. Immigrants started flowing into California in hopes of finding riches. 'Forty-niners' rushed to California. Thanks to this finding, it became a state. Amateur and pro-miners now became two separate professions. Private companies were created to process gold. Entrepreneurship in California flourished.
The construction of railroads (Union Pacific Railroad Co, Central Pacific Railroad Co)
In 1862, a Pacific Railroad Act made two companies start building railroads that would connect the land from West to East. In 1869 both sides met in Utah.
At first, people travelled from one coast to the other usually by ship which took 6 months. Unless they were willing to go to the hazardous journey by foot, but people's wish to travel increased with finding gold. Asa Whitney recommended building railroads. Engineer Theodor Judah made it happen after 20 years gaining the approval from Lincoln. The terms included that each company got 48k dollars for each mile which forced a competition early on. The construction companies included many megalomaniac businessmen who also made illegal deals for profit. Native Americans felt threatened by the white Americans' "iron horse". This gave them reasons to attack and keep disrupting the work. Poor settlements were founded behind the railroads forming the "Wild West". Railroad constructers were different immigrants. The Union Pacific Railroad Company managed to cover four times as much distance as the Central Pacific one. Both sides met in Promontory Summit.
Industrialisation (raw materials, effect on development of economy, main industries)
A process where an agricultural economy transforms into a manufacturing one. In the USA it began in the early 1800s. After the Civil War, machines replaced much of the manual work. Industrialisation grew the economy rapidly thanks to more goods being produced more quickly by machines. America had an abundance of natural resources; especially water helped to keep the machines working. Timber, iron, coal. Communication (telephones, railways, telegraph) helped businesses to succeed. New products such as photographs, telephone, typewriter. Many jobs in the manufactures to maximize efficiency in productivity. 'Gilded era'-Mark Twain in 1920s-30; the culture of the newly wealthy people building mansions and following Europe in its art design etc.
Formation of trusts
Trusts are formed when several businesses come together to standardize their rules and prices in order to increase profit. Great for businesses but bad for consumers. Trusts emerged when there rose a competition between different firms offering a similar product. Without trusts, companies would have to compete with each other which is not beneficial for either of them. Trusts helped to agree on rules so that no company would have to lower their prices. Famous trusts: Rockefeller's Oil Trust, the Sugar Trust etc. Because of the negative effect on consumers (prices not lowering), acts were made by Congress that would prohibit trusts.
(Stock-holders in a company who'd give their respective trustees the power to vote for decisions within the company.)
The role of Andrew Carnegie
Photograph of Andrew Carnegie (image source)
American industrialist and philanthropist
Worked in a Pittsburgh cotton factory (earning 1.20/week)
Worked in Pennsylvania Railroad as the assistant to Thomas Scott, one of the railroad's top officials
Became a superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1859
Invested in iron and oil companies while working for the railroad
By 1889, he owned Carnegie Steel Corporation (largest steel company in the world)
In 1901, he sold his business and dedicated his time to philanthrop
Established the Carnegie-Mellon University in 1904
The role of John D. Rockefeller
Photograph of John D. Rockefeller (image source)
The founder of The Standard Oil Company (SOC) in 1870
Became one of the world's wealthiest men, a major philanthropist
Born in New York, entered the oil business by investing in a Cleveland refinery
SOC controlled 90% of US refineries
Was accused of colluding with railroads to eliminate his competitors
In 1911, the US Supreme Court ordered SOC to be dissolved, in violation of anti-trust laws
During his life, he donated more than 500 million to philanthropy
The role of Henry Ford
Photograph of Henry Ford (image source)
Born in 1863 and grew up in Michigan
At the age of 16, left home for Detroit to work as a machinist
Returned home to work on the family farm after three years
In 1891, he went with his wife to Detroit
Was hired an engineer for the Edison Illuminating Company(EIC)
Promoted to Chief Engineer 2 years later
Spent many hours to build a gasoline-powered horseless carriage or automobile
In 1896, completed the "Quadricycle" – metal frame with 4 bicycle wheels powered by a gasoline engine
In 1902, established his Ford Motor Company
A month after, the first Ford car was assembled in Detroit (model T)
Assembly process was slow and cars were built by hand
Ford introduced new mass-production methods, including large production plants, use of interchangeable parts and the world's first moving assembly line for cars
Immigration to the US
The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York, in the United States. The copper statue standing at 93 meters, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The Statue of Liberty is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand, she carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with "JULY IV MDCCLXXVI" (July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States and a national park tourism destination. It is a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.
Fundraising for the statue proved difficult, especially for the Americans, and by 1885 work on the pedestal was threatened by lack of funds. Publisher Joseph Pulitzer, of the New York World, started a drive for donations to finish the project and attracted more than 120,000 contributors, most of whom gave less than a dollar. Between 1886 and 1924, almost 14 million immigrants entered the United States through New York. The Statue of Liberty was a reassuring sign that they had arrived in the land of their dreams. To these anxious newcomers, the Statue's uplifted torch did not suggest "enlightenment," as her creators intended, but rather, "welcome." Over time, Liberty emerged as the "Mother of Exiles," a symbol of hope to generations of immigrants.
Causes of immigration from Europe in the 19th century
Fleeing crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxes, and famine, many came to the U. S. because it was perceived as the land of economic opportunity. Others came seeking personal freedom or relief from political and religious persecution. More than 70 per cent of all immigrants, however, entered through New York City, which came to be known as the "Golden Door." Throughout the late 1800s, most immigrants arriving in New York entered at the Castle Garden depot near the tip of Manhattan.
A major wave of immigration occurred from around 1815 to 1865. Majority of the immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe. Approximately one-third came from Ireland, which experienced a massive famine in the mid-19th century. In the 1840s, almost half of America's immigrants were from Ireland alone. Typically impoverished, these Irish immigrants settled near their point of arrival in cities along the East Coast. Between 1820 and 1930, some 4.5 million Irish migrated to the United States.
Also in the 19th century, the United States received some 5 million German immigrants. Many of them journeyed to the present-day Midwest to buy farms or congregated in such cities as Milwaukee, St. Louis and Cincinnati. In the national census of 2000, more Americans claimed German ancestry than any other group.
During the mid-1800s, a significant number of Asian immigrants settled in the United States. Lured by news of the California gold rush, some 25,000 Chinese had migrated there by the early 1850s.
Between 1880 and 1920, a time of rapid industrialization and urbanization, America received more than 20 million immigrants. Beginning in the 1890s, the majority of arrivals were from Central, Eastern and Southern Europe. In that decade alone, some 600,000 Italians migrated to America, and by 1920 more than 4 million had entered the United States.
Jews from Eastern Europe fleeing religious persecution also arrived in large numbers; over 2 million entered the United States between 1880 and 1920.
Different waves of immigration
First Wave 1790 – 1820
Groups of immigrants came for a variety of religious, political, and economic reasons. Northern and Western Europeans (English, Irish, Germans, Dutch, French, Spanish etc). Starvation, disease, and shipwreck killed 1 in 10 of those immigrants who set sail for America before they even set foot on land. (relatively little immigration, significant emigration to Canada)
Second Wave 1820 – 1860
Immigrants came for new opportunities because, in Europe, peasants displaced from agriculture and artisans were made jobless from the industrial revolution. Some immigrants received "American Letters" which were encouraging friends and relatives to join them in America. German (escaping economic problems and seeking political freedom), British, Irish 40% (poverty and famine encouraged emigration). The Roman Catholic church was the single largest religious body in the United States by 1850.
Third Wave 1880 – 1914
Immigrants came over to America for more job opportunities and freedom of religion. Chinese, Japanese, and other Asian countries (migrated to the western states). In the 1910 census, foreign-born residents made up 15 per cent of the U.S. population and 24 per cent of the U.S. labour force.
Fourth Wave 1965 – Present
A new law that altered the selection of immigrants from the country they were from, to giving priority to people who already had family in the United States or had skills that were needed in the labour market. Europeans, Asians, Hispanics (Mexico). In the 1980s and early 1990s, Asians made up about one-third of the immigrants entering America. Hispanics made up about one-half of the number of immigrants in the 1980s and early 1990s.
Sephardic wave
The first group of Sephardic settlers arrived in New Amsterdam in 1654 from Brazil. For several decades afterward, adventurous Sephardic and Ashkenazic merchants established homes in American colonial ports, including Newport, R.I., New Amsterdam (later New York), Philadelphia, Charleston, S.C., and Savannah, Ga. This was a departure from the Old World, where synagogues in places like Amsterdam, London, and Recife, taxed commercial transactions, regulated Jewish publications, and punished members for lapses in individual or commercial morality.
German wave
German Jews began to come to America in significant numbers in the 1840s. Jews left Germany because of persecution, restrictive laws, economic hardship, and the failure of movements — widely supported by German Jews — advocating revolution and reform there. Some 250,000 German-speaking Jews came to America by the outbreak of World War I. This sizable immigrant community expanded American Jewish geography by establishing themselves in smaller cities and towns in the Midwest, West, and the South. If German Jews had one city of their own invention, it was Cincinnati.
Eastern European wave
Eastern European Jews began to immigrate to the United States in large numbers after 1880. Pushed out of Europe by overpopulation, oppressive legislation and poverty, they were pulled toward America by the prospect of financial and social advancement. Between 1880 and the onset of restrictive immigration quotas in 1924, over 2 million Jews from Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Romania came to America. The immigrants found work in factories, especially in the garment industry, but also in cigar manufacturing, food production, and construction. Large-scale Jewish immigration to the United States ended in 1924.
Ellis Island is a former immigration inspection station in New York Harbor, within the states of New York and New Jersey. It was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants to the United States as the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. After an arduous sea voyage, immigrants arriving at Ellis Island were tagged with information from their ship's registry; they then waited on long lines for medical and legal inspections to determine if they were fit for entry into the United States. From 1900 to 1914 – the peak years of Ellis Island's operation – some 5,000 to 10,000 people passed through the immigration station every day. On January 1, 1892 – her 15th birthday – Annie Moore from County Cork, Ireland, became the first person admitted to the new immigration station on Ellis Island. On that opening day, she received a greeting from officials and a $10.00 gold piece. Annie travelled to New York with her two younger brothers on steerage aboard the S.S. Nevada, which left Queenstown (now Cobh), Ireland, on December 20, 1891, and arrived in New York on the evening of December 31. After being processed, the children were reunited with their parents, who were already living in New York.
Reed-Johnson Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. The quota provided immigration visas to two per cent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. It completely excluded immigrants from Asia. Signed into law by President Calvin Coolidge.
The 1924 Immigration Act also included a provision excluding from entry any alien who by virtue of race or nationality was ineligible for citizenship. Existing nationality laws dating from 1790 and 1870 excluded people of Asian lineage from naturalizing. As a result, the 1924 Act meant that even Asians not previously prevented from immigrating – the Japanese in particular – would no longer be admitted to the United States. Many in Japan were very offended by the new law, which was a violation of the Gentlemen's Agreement. The Japanese government protested, but the law remained, resulting in an increase in existing tensions between the two nations. Despite the increased tensions, it appeared that the U.S. Congress had decided that preserving the racial composition of the country was more important than promoting good ties with Japan.
The notion of Melting Pot vs Salad Bowl
The USA is traditionally called a melting pot because with time, generations of immigrants have melted together: they have abandoned their cultures to become totally assimilated into American society. Historically, it is often used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States.
But in the UK, where cultural diversity is considered a positive thing, immigrants have always been encouraged to maintain their traditions and their native language. This model of racial integration can be described as a salad bowl, with people of different cultures living in harmony, like the lettuce, tomatoes and carrots in a salad. New York City can be considered as being a "salad bowl"
Both models of multicultural societies have contradictory aspects:
in a melting pot, there is no cultural diversity and sometimes differences are not respected;
in a salad bowl, cultures do not mix at all.
Immigrants comprise about 14 per cent of the U.S. population: more than forty-three million out of a total of about 323 million people. Together, immigrants and their U.S.-born children make up about 27 per cent of U.S. inhabitants. Illegal immigration. The undocumented population is about eleven million and has levelled off since the 2008 economic crisis, which led some to return to their home countries and discouraged others from coming to the United States. A 2017 Gallup poll found that 71 per cent of Americans considered immigration a "good thing" for the United States.
Forty-six per cent of immigrants in 2017 reported their race as single-race White, 27 per cent as Asian, 9 per cent as Black, and 16 per cent as some other race. About 2 per cent reported having two or more races. In 2017, approximately 78 per cent (239.3 million) of the 306 million people ages 5 and older in the United States reported speaking only English at home.
The US at the beginning of the 20th century
Urbanisation (living conditions, labour unions)
The main reason why the US started to urbanise was due to the worldwide technological advancements of the Industrial Revolution. The rich lived within the centre of the city, the middle class was a bit further away and the poor residing in the suburban areas. Life within cities was becoming much better than somewhere on a farm. Water pumps gave people more access to drinkable water, railroads enabled faster transportation and town watches to keep the peace. However, cities were densely populated, so moving around proved quite difficult. New factories gave the locals more jobs, therefore increasing the workforce amount within the vicinity. Labour workers, as they became known to be, did jobs that almost anyone could have dealt with, meaning that skilled craftsmen had fewer customers or just moved on into factories themselves. But they could have been easily exploited, with the working conditions being dreadful and wages unbelievably low. To combat this, they formed labour unions, in hopes to protect their rights and demand higher wages.
Progressive Movement: Theodore Roosevelt
Also known as the Progressive Era, it was a time of social activism and reformation of politics that went from the 1890s to 1920s. The main goal was to deal with problems caused by immigration, corruption and industrialisation. The movement was severely against monopolies, demanding that they "even out the playing field" for other up-and-coming businessmen. Its most well known political leader was President Theodore Roosevelt Jr. With his earlier experiences as New York City's police commissioner and governor of the state, he had a solid grasp of the urban problems present within the society. He dealt with the trust issues head-on, enforcing the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which earlier presidents ignored. He was called the "trust-buster", but in fact, he was actually supporting trusts, just not the bad ones. He created the Bureau of Corporations, which dealt with shady corporate practises.
An American Empire (the Philippines, Cuba)
Between both the Philippines and Cuba, America had a war with Spain on both of the islands during the late 19th to the early 20th century, known as the Spanish-American War. The first big battle took place in the Philippines, known as the Philippine American War. Before the purchase of the Philippines, the Filipinos lived on the islands as Spanish colonies for hundreds of years. They created a revolution, where the United States was reluctant to help. After winning the war, the Americans decided to buy the Philippines for 20 million dollars from Spain and denied their citizenship as Filipinos. Tensions immediately rose and started another conflict in 1899. The US fought with overwhelmingly more strength and after pushing the Filipinos back into the main island, they moved to guerrilla tactics. This made the battle much bloodier, causing additional casualties on the soldiers as well as civilians. In 1902, they captured the Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo and his followers dissipated, putting the fight to a close.
The second battle in Cuba had a similar outcome. The US was seen as the only solution to their bad conditions with the Spanish. So, with the American aid they wanted, the Cubans pushed the enemy back, but only staying at a stalemate on Fort Canosa. Spain, realising they had lost the war, withdrew all of the islands, including Puerto Rico and Guam.
Dollar Diplomacy
The Dollar Diplomacy was a political policy created by both President William Howard Taft and his Secretary of State Philander C. Knox. Knox ensured that this policy would create stability and order abroad, which would be beneficial for American commercial interests. It improved financial opportunities and helped the US use its private capital for foreign dealings. However, it failed to counteract foreign instability in places like Mexico, Nicaragua and China.
A cartoon made to show how the Monroe Doctrine is being used against the European powers setting claims on the Republic of Santo Domingo. (image source)
Monroe Doctrine
It was a foreign policy created by President James Monroe on December 2, 1823. He made four points in his doctrine:
The US would not interfere with the internal affairs of the European powers, including wars.
The US would not interfere with existing colonies and countries within the Western Hemisphere.
No further colonisation was allowed in the Western Hemisphere
Any attempts made by European political powers against the countries and colonies within the Western Hemisphere will be seen as an act of war.
The US in WWI
The United States declared neutrality after the war had broken out. More specifically, Woodrow Wilson proclaimed this. But after the sinking of the British ocean liner Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915, public opinion changed on the war. 2000 including 128 Americans died on that ship. News also spread about Zimmerman's telegram which threatened an alliance between Mexico and Germany. The US, after having a vote for war within the Congress, declared war on Germany in April 6, 1917. The US Army consisted of just 133,000 soldiers, but after passing the Selective Service Act, the draftees numbers exploded to 2.8 million men. The first of the army arrived in June 1917. The war ended with 2 million Americans serving in the war and more than 50,000 casualties.
Versailles Treaty of 1919
The Treaty of Versailles was perhaps one of the most important treaties in all of mankind, ending the Great War, or better known as World War I. Initially, it originated from President Woodrow Wilson, with his Fourteen Points Speech to the Congress on January 8, 1918. The Treaty was signed on June 28, 1919. Under the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan, Germany was held responsible for all war crimes and damages, therefore they had to pay 132 billion marks (roughly 396 billion euros in today's economy) in reparations. This was also the cause of the hyperinflation in Germany.
Most of the border territories were either given back to the original country or given entirely new land for neighbouring countries who aided the Triple Entente (Denmark, Belgium, Poland and Lithuania). The treaty demanded that Germany would lower their armies forces, all while prohibiting the use of certain class weapons and later on, be completely disarmed. However, due to the rise of Hitler in 1932, the treaty's terms were completely avoided.
The League of Nations was to be formed under the first part of the Treaty of Versailles, later officially founded at the Paris Peace Conference on January 10, 1920. There were 42 original founding members and 15 other countries who joined later on. Its primary goal was to maintain world peace, by negotiation before things got worse. Their most successful achievement was the creation of the Geneva Protocol (prohibited use of biological and chemical weapons), while their other endeavours were not able to be enacted. A lot of problems were not able to be solved because of countries not believing that they were a threat to the attackers, meaning that the League had to mostly watch from the sidelines.
Even though it was Woodrow Wilson's plan to form an intergovernmental organization to stop wars from ever happening, the US refused to join them. This and the Soviet Union joining the League, later declaring war on Finland severely lowered their reputation.
During World War II, the League of Nations' members were supposed to stay neutral, but France and Germany did not agree to this. That shows how low the organization had fallen, and in the early to mid-'40s, it basically ceased to exist. Only 26 of them remained as part of the League until its disbandment in 1946.
The movie I will be reviewing is called "The Immigrant", made in 2013, directed by James Gray and set in 1921. Its main character, Ewa Cybulska, is a Polish immigrant who escaped the Great War with her sister Magda. Their arrive in New York City but were quickly separated. The movie revolves around Ewa trying to earn enough money to rescue her sister, by any means possible.
I liked the movie's scenery. It captured the lifestyle of an immigrant who went into America unprepared quite well. Doing illegal acts just to stay alive might have been the only to even survive in New York City, especially as a woman who does not own a home. Reviewer Peter Debruge said: "Though the film ultimately concerns the heartbreaking compromises Ewa makes to adapt to this better life, Gray depicts these transgressions as magnanimously as possible." (review link) I thought all of the clothing, props and portrayal of the city were very close to the real thing. It helped immerse me into thinking all of the events which occurred actually could have happened. The way people spoke was much different from what we see today and was a nice touch to cement the fact that it took place in early 20th century America. The story was well-handled, featuring a love triangle which actually did not become your average soap-opera scene. I thought that Ewa and Emil would get out of the city, with Bruno dying or something happening to him but I was honestly shocked that Emil would be killed by Bruno.
Moving on to the things I didn't like. A lot of events that led up to how the movie ended would have been completely avoided if certain people did things differently. One such action was Emil's 2nd confrontation with Bruno, after learning about the existence of a gun. Had Emil not pulled the trigger, or even opened the door, he would have lived. This frustrated me, as such a simple action cost his life. A reviewer named Howard Schumann had this to say: "Though we listen to Ewa's self-deprecation in the oppressive darkness of a confessional, little is shown of her actual "work" and, as a result, it is not easy to relate to her feelings of degradation." (review link) I felt the same way. Little to no scenes about her "sinful work" make it seem like the job of a prostitute isn't even so bad. Of course, this is not the case, but even having one scene of her with a "bad customer" would help the viewers sympathise with her self-grudge towards her work.
I think this movie does well at portraying Ewa's journey throughout the 2-hour runtime. However, I don't think it isn't that good for giving an overview of the immigrant situation in the United States. The movie has a well-written story which has quite a few flaws. If someone is looking for a good movie based in the 1920s, then this movie would be one of my suggestions.
Review sources
Debrudge, P. (2013). 'Cannes Film Review: 'The Immigrant'', Available at www.variety.com (source article)
Schumann, H. (2014). 'Movie Review: The Immigrant (2013)', Available at www.thecriticalcritics.com (source article)
Posted bytonislahemaa May 25, 2019 Posted inUncategorized
"The Immigrant" part 2


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Trees inundated by a lake created from the daming of the Curu· Una River in Para state, Brazil, February 11, 2012. Photo © Daniel Beltra
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For those who didn't get the chance to weigh in on the massive Magic City Innovation District plan for Little Haiti, two town hall meetings will be held between now and the end of June.
This additional community outreach is required of the developers, and part of conditions included in an initial approval of several zoning and land use requests of MCD Miami LLC and its affiliate co-applicants.
At a meeting that began March 28 and carried over into the next morning, Miami city commissioners voted 4 to 0 to approve the requests after a first reading. Commissioner Joe Carollo was absent when the vote was finally taken well past midnight.
The project is far from set in concrete, as the zoning and land use changes require a second and final reading and vote, tentatively set for June 27.
Commissioner Keon Hardemon represents District 5 and Little Haiti.
It was Mr. Hardemon who helped negotiate additional perks from the developer to improve the neighborhood, including a commitment to pay up to $31 million – over time – in community benefit dollars into a new Little Haiti Revitalization Trust.
The commission also granted initial approval to legislation creating the new trust.
The mixed-use project would transform about 37 abutting parcels in Little Haiti into a major development. The project is planned for about 17.75 acres at 6001 NE Second Ave., and the development team promises major investment and new employment opportunities for Little Haiti and surrounding neighborhoods.
MCD Miami LLC and its affiliate co-applicants are asking for approval of a Special Area Plan (SAP) and a development agreement they say will bring thousands of residential units, hotel rooms, commercial-retail and office uses to the site.
The Magic City proposal has been controversial, and spawned numerous marathon meetings where sides have been taken.
Supporters say the project will bring much-needed employment and economic stimulus to the area. Opponents fear it will fuel gentrification and forever change the character of Little Haiti.
At the latest meeting, Mr. Hardemon was sensitive to remarks from some members of the public claiming a lack of community outreach by the developers and city officials.
Neisen Kasdin, an attorney representing the developers, reminded commissioners of the developers' strong desire to improve and uplift the community by bringing major economic development and good jobs to the area.
Mr. Hardemon addressed Mr. Kasdin regarding the continued statement by some that there hasn't been enough community outreach. He asked Mr. Kasdin to describe the level of community outreach.
The attorney said the developers have had "extensive" community outreach, held four community meetings beyond several public hearings at City Hall, and met with dozens of neighborhood organizations and hundreds of residents.
Mr. Kasdin said this has gone on for nearly two years, and it's "probably the greatest outreach" he's witnessed on all the projects he's been involved in.
The outreach has included developers meeting with concerned community leaders, including some who voiced opposition to the project, he added.
As a condition of approving the project on first reading, Mr. Hardemon asked that the developers hold two town hall-type meetings in Little Haiti, beginning around 5 p.m. and lasting four hours maximum.
He said he wants "serious dialog" between the developers and the community. No dates have been set.
Mr. Hardemon, supported by his colleagues, also asked the developers to consider ways in which the $31 million can be paid earlier to the city, or how a payment plan spread over time would include gradual increases, related to the cost of living.
A draft of the latest development agreement between the city and developers says all of the $31 million would be have to be spent to improve Little Haiti.


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Senna aphylla är en ärtväxtart som först beskrevs av Antonio José Cavanilles, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Howard Samuel Irwin och Rupert Charles Barneby. Senna aphylla ingår i släktet sennor, och familjen ärtväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Style, good taste and quality gastronomy.
A fantastic buffet with panoramic views of the Mediterranean.
Torremolinos beach, in the Carihuela.
reaches the sand, stands Hotel MS Amaragua.
Situated on the beachfront, Hotel MS Amaragua stands opposite the Mediterranean Sea, separated from its waves only by the beach promenade of the famous La Carihuela district where the gastronomy culture of "pescaito frito" (fried fish) reaches its peak. La Carihuela is a charming area in Torremolinos in the Province of Malaga. This is an internationally recognised area that is hugely popular among tourists. It is an old fishing neighbourhood located along La Carihuela Beach and the town's beach promenade. Benalmadena's famous marina, Puerto Marina, is just a few minutes' walk away from the establishment.
At this superior 4-star hotel, the functional distribution of spaces - with the sea as the protagonist - and strong, individual decoration have combined to create a stylish, classic and practical Mediterranean hotel.


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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase}}

The plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) is a transport protein in the plasma membrane of cells and functions to remove calcium (Ca2+) from the cell.  PMCA function is vital for regulating the amount of Ca2+ within all eukaryotic cells.  There is a very large transmembrane electrochemical gradient of Ca2+ driving the entry of the ion into cells, yet it is very important that they maintain low concentrations of Ca2+ for proper cell signalling. Thus, it is necessary for cells to employ ion pumps to remove the Ca2+.  The PMCA and the sodium calcium exchanger (NCX) are together the main regulators of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.  Since it transports Ca2+ into the extracellular space, the PMCA is also an important regulator of the calcium concentration in the extracellular space.

PMCAs belong to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases which form aspartyl phosphate intermediates.

Various forms of PMCA are expressed in different tissues, including the brain.

Actions
The pump is powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), with a stoichiometry of one Ca2+ ion removed for each molecule of ATP hydrolysed.  It binds tightly to Ca2+ ions (has a high affinity, with a Km of 100 to 200 nM) but does not remove Ca2+ at a very fast rate.  This is in contrast to the NCX, which has a low affinity and a high capacity.  Thus, the PMCA is effective at binding Ca2+ even when its concentrations within the cell are very low, so it is suited for maintaining Ca2+ at its normally very low levels.  Calcium is an important second messenger, so its levels must be kept low in cells to prevent noise and keep signalling accurate.  The NCX is better suited for removing large amounts of Ca2+ quickly, as is needed in neurons after an action potential.  Thus the activities of the two types of pump complement each other.

The PMCA functions in a similar manner to other p-type ion pumps.  ATP transfers a phosphate to the PMCA, which forms a phosphorylated intermediate.

Ca2+/calmodulin binds and further activates the PMCA, increasing the affinity of the protein's Ca2+-binding site 20 to 30 times.  Calmodulin also increases the rate at which the pump extrudes Ca2+ from the cell, possibly up to tenfold.

In brain tissue, it has been postulated that certain types of PMCA are important for regulating synaptic activity, since the PMCA is involved in regulating the amount of calcium within the cell at the synapse, and  Ca2+ is involved in release of synaptic vesicles. Additionally, it has been shown that PMCA activity is modulated and partly powered by glycolysis in neuronal somata and dendrites. Presumably, it is due to PMCA proximity to glucose transporters in the plasma membrane.

Structure
The structure of the PMCA is similar to that of the SERCA calcium pumps, which are responsible for removing calcium from the cytoplasm into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium tends to have a slightly lower affinity for PMCA pumps than for SERCA pumps. It is thought that the PMCA pump has 10 segments that cross the plasma membrane, with both C and N termini on the inside of the cell. At the C terminus, there is a long "tail" of between 70 and 200 amino acids in length. This tail is thought to be responsible for regulation of the pump. PMCA pumps have a molecular mass of around 140 kDa.

Isoforms
There are four isoforms of PMCA, called PMCA 1 through 4.

 ATP2B1 - PMCA1
 ATP2B2 - PMCA2
 ATP2B3 - PMCA3
 ATP2B4 - PMCA4

Each  isoform is coded by a different gene and is expressed in different areas of the body. Alternate splicing of the mRNA transcripts of these genes results in different subtypes of these isoforms. Over 20 splice variants have been identified so far.

Three PMCA isoforms, PMCA1, PMCA2, and PMCA3, occur in the brain in varying distributions.  PMCA1 is ubiquitous throughout all tissues in humans, and without it embryos do not survive. Lack of PMCA4, which is also very common in many tissues, is survivable, but leads to infertility in males.  PMCA types 2 and 3 are activated more quickly and are, therefore, better suited to excitable cell types such as those in nervous and muscle tissue, which experiences large influxes of Ca2+ when excited.  PMCA types 1, 2, and 4 have been found in glial cells called astrocytes in mammals, though it was previously thought that only the NCX was present in glia.  Astrocytes help to maintain ionic balance in the extracellular space in the brain.

Knock-out of PMCA2 causes inner ear problems, including hearing loss and problems with balance.

PMCA4 exists in caveolae. Isoform PMCA4b interacts with nitric oxide synthase and reduces synthesis of nitric oxide by that enzyme.

PMCA isoform 4 has a molecular weight of 134,683, calculated from its sequence. This is in good agreement with the results of SDS gel electrophoresis.

Pathology
When the PMCA fails to function properly, disease can result. Improperly functioning PMCA proteins have been found associated with conditions such as sensorineural deafness, diabetes, and hypertension.

In excitotoxicity, a process in which excessive amounts of the neurotransmitter glutamate overactivate neurons, resulting in excessive influx of Ca2+ into cells, the activity of the PMCA may be insufficient to remove the excess Ca2+.

In breast tissue, mammary epithelial cells express PMCA2, which transports calcium across the apical surface of the cells into milk. PMCA2 expression falls on weaning, leading to calcium-induced apoptosis and mammary gland involution. Persistent PMCA2 expression in certain breast cancers lowers calcium levels inside malignant cells, allowing them to avoid apoptosis. These tumors are also usually positive for the HER2 protein, tend to involve the lymph nodes, and are more common among young women, which could help explain their worse prognosis compared with postmenopausal women.

Curcumin can bind to the PMCA, inducing a conformational change that prevents ATP from binding.

History
PMCAs were first discovered in the 1960s in the membranes of red blood cells. The presence of an ATPase was discovered in the membranes in 1961, and then in 1966 it was discovered that these ATPases pump Ca2+ out of the cytosol.

PMCA was first purified from red blood cell membranes in 1979.

References

External links

Transmembrane transporters


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CES Downloads: AT&T, Nokia, and Microsoft Become Fast Friends
For the last six years, (not coincidentally - since the introduction of the first iPhone in January 2007), AT&T has held their Annual Developer Summit on the day before the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. In recent years the event has shown AT&T playing catch up to the latest trends in mobile devices, such as waiting until 2010 to introduce their first Android device, while Google was simultaneously announcing the Nexus One.
Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer onstage at the 2012 AT&T Developer Summit
In many ways, this year's event also had AT&T playing follow the leader, but this time they are also looking to pull in front, with a broad plan to push two nascent technologies straight into the mainstream: 4G LTE and the new Nokia-Microsoft Windows phones. First, AT&T CEO of Mobility Ralph de la Vega invited (a very excited) Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer onstage to announce that the carrier will be the first to launch an LTE Windows phone. Ballmer was followed by Nokia CEO Stephen Elop, who spoke of re-introducing his company to the American market. Elop also announced that the first 4G Nokia phone would be introduced with AT&T, teasing the details that would come later in the day when the trio re-united at the (much smaller) Nokia CES Press Conference.
Nokia CEO Stephen Elop introducing the Lumia 900, the 1st LTE-equipped Windows phone
With LTE-equipped Android phones now announced or available on all the major U.S. wireless carriers, the announcement of an LTE Windows phone (at least temporarily) has Apple lagging the field in 4G devices. Expect this to be corrected by mid-2012. For their part, AT&T made moves at CES to set a new low price point for LTE handsets, announcing that the new Pantech Burst and Samsung Exhilarate would be available for "under $50". Including the Lumia 900, AT&T announced a total of 6 LTE phones, adding the Sony Xperia ion, the Samsung Galaxy S-II Skyrocket HD, and the 5.3" "crossover-device" Samsung Galaxy Note.
Samsung introduced their 5.3" Galaxy Note as a "crossover-device" at CES
A first reaction to the Galaxy Note was to recall a similar (failed) attempt at a large-smartphone/small-tablet, the Dell Streak. Would consumers want to carry such a large phone? The Dell Streak felt very awkward to use to make a voice call. With the Kindle Fire just beginning to make some headway for smaller-than-iPad 7" tablets, would consumers go for a 5" device?
In the Galaxy Note Samsung has made a greater effort to differentiate their product than Dell had, by featuring a new user interface - a stylus input that has 256 levels of pressure sensitivity. Samsung showed off this feature by having artists create caricatures of CES attendees at several venues throughout the show. In a brief hands-on evaluation, the Note was much more impressive than the Dell Streak had been. Its 5.3" AMOLED display is just that much more dazzling than it already is in the smaller Galaxy smartphone form factors, with capability for 1080p video. With the addition of 4G LTE connectivity, the Note is no laggard in technical features. Samsung has made their "S Pen" SDK available to developers, so it will be interesting to see if the device is successful in stimulating creation of a new class of apps to take advantage of the stylus input.
Annual CES Download
EE Daily News will be presenting at the annual Santa Clara Valley chapter of the IEEE Consumer Electronics Society's "CES Download" on January 24th. The event may be sold out, so if you can't attend look for the presentations to be posted after the event.
Posted by EE Daily News at Thursday, January 19, 2012
"With LTE-equipped Android phones now announced or available on all the major U.S. wireless carriers"
Wait, what? T-Mobile? T-Mo has no LTE. Or do you just not consider them a major carrier anymore?
EE Daily News said...
You are right, I did discount T-Mobile, the 4th largest of the U.S. carriers. They have very large gaps in their U.S. coverage, especially in the western states. I generally consider the top 3, ATT, Verizon and Sprint as the "major" nationwide carriers and T-Mobile as leading the lower tier.


This statewide initiative is being coordinated in partnership with the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Financial Services, Mass. Bankers Association, Cooperative Credit Union Association, Elected officials and community stakeholders.
Let's change the way we BANK!


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Professional Gambler - To Trade Or Not To Trade - That Is The Question
By Julie Butler, FCA
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Published originally 16 October 2014
Essentially betting is 'tax-free' in the UK – the professional gambler is outside the scope of tax. This is confirmed in HMRC's Business Income Manual (BIM), para 22015. The basic position is that betting and gambling, as such, do not constitute trading. This is not a new precedent either. Rowlatt J said in Graham v Green (1925) 9 TC 309: "A bet is merely an irrational agreement that one person should pay another person on the happening of an event."
This decision has stood the test of time. In an Australian case, Evans v FCT (1989) 20 ATC 4540, Hill J said: "There has been no decision of a court in Australia nor, so far as I am aware, in the United Kingdom where it has been held that a mere punter was carrying on a business."
A recent case has tested this principle. In Hakki v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2014] EWCA Civ 530 Mr Hakki was a professional poker player who made a living from his poker winnings. An order for Mr Hakki to pay child maintenance was applied for through the Child Support Agency by the mother of his children (Mrs Blair).
In accordance with the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 (SSCBA 1992), s2(1)(b) and the Child Support (Maintenance Assessment and Special Cases) Regulations 1992 Mr Hakki opposed the application on the grounds that his poker winnings do not constitute 'earnings' from gainful employment and therefore he is not a self-employed earner, ie the profits from gambling.
It is very interesting to note that the Upper Tribunal found that for the purposes of SSCBA 1992, gambling could be a trade, profession or vocation, and that Mr Hakki could be said to be 'gainfully employed' as a 'self-employed earner' and therefore should pay child maintenance to Mrs Blair.
Mr Hakki appealed to the Court of Appeal. Mrs Blair's barrister argued that Hakki's poker playing amounted to a trade similar to that of a professional golfer or tennis player. The barrister relied on the findings that Mr Hakki:
• Set a target sum to win after which he stopped;
• Selected the table which was most likely to pay him;
• Appeared on a television programme about poker for a few weeks, made it to the final and won a prize;
• Was the owner of his own website and communicated his strategies for online poker;
• Had his poker results over seven or eight years published on two other poker websites; and
• Chose the locations for playing poker.
The Court of Appeal found that even collectively these findings do not amount to such organisation as to constitute a trade, profession or vocation. The Court of Appeal found that gambling is not a trade and the factors surrounding Mr Hakki must be common to many successful gamblers, eg choice of location, setting target sums and the table most likely to pay. It was found that isolated appearances on television and Mr Hakki having his own website was not in 2014 evidence of organisation amounting to a trade or profession. It is also very interesting to note that the court was persuaded that it is possible to accept a case in which a gambler's winnings might be taxable, but it found that in this case there was no organised seeking of emoluments and therefore no gainful employment.
This case adds to the ongoing discussion about whether a gambler in certain circumstances can be taxed on his or her winnings.
Will there be future legislation that brings gambling profits into the scope of taxation? There has apparently been nothing to indicate that this is under review despite the advent of very sophisticated techniques to make substantial profits from gambling. It has to be asked, what is "the case" that the courts can find as taxable? Is that perhaps the case with sophisticated software?
Supplied by Julie Butler F.C.A. Butler & Co, Bennett House, The Dean, Alresford, Hampshire, SO24 9BH. Tel: 01962 735544. Email; j.butler@butler-co.co.uk, Website; www.butler-co.co.uk
Julie Butler F.C.A. is the author of Tax Planning for Farm and Land Diversification (Bloomsbury Professional), Equine Tax Planning ISBN: 0406966540, and Stanley: Taxation of Farmers and Landowners (LexisNexis).
Follow us @Scopulus_News
Article Published/Sorted/Amended on Scopulus 2015-04-02 10:15:23 in Tax Articles
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Visiting Speakers Fall 2012 – Fall 2019
Each semester, we ask members of our faculty to identify researchers from across the country to visit UW-Madison and speak at our weekly seminar series. Since the SCRMC provides a central point of contact, information and facilitation for all stem cell research activities on campus, we also want to bring together researchers from outside the University to help advance the center's mission. This is to advance the science of stem cell biology and foster breakthroughs in regenerative medicine through faculty interactions, research support and education.
Melissa Wong, Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University A role for endogenous cell fusion in cancer progression
Lorenz Studer, Director, Center for Stem Cell Biology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells – From Pain to Therapeutic Gain ?
Gregory A. Hudalla, Research Associate, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Protein-bearing Nanofibers as Immunomodulators
Rosario Isasi, Research Associate International Stem Cell Forum – Ethics Working Party, Secretariat Centre of Genomics and Policy (CGP) Faculty of Medicine, Dpt. of Human Genetics, McGill University From Individuals to Populations: Exploring the Socio-Ethical and Policy Challenges posed by Stem Cell Genomics
Haifan Lin, Professor, Cell Biology and Genetics; Director, Yale Stem Cell Center Yale University School of Medicine A Novel piRNA-Mediated Epigenetic Mechanism Related to Stem Cells
Samuel Rabkin, Associate Professor, Surgery/Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma
Meri Firpo, Assistant Professor, Medicine / Endocrinology, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Scale-up Cultures of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Endoderm
John Canty, Professor and Chief, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Clinical and Translational Research Center, SUNY-Buffalo Stimulation of Endogenous Myocyte Proliferation in Viable Dysfunctional Myocardium with Allogenic Intracoronary Stem Cell Therapy
Albert Edge, Associate Professor of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Regeneration of Hair Cells from Cochlear Stem Cells
Alex Meissner, Associate Professor, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute DNA methylation dynamics in stem cells and development
Tejal Desai, Professor of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California-San Francisco Micro and Nanostructured Cues for Therapeutic Delivery and Tissue Regeneration
Kaiming Ye, Professor / Department Chair Department of Bioengineering, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, SUNY-Binghampton Generating Pancreatic Tissues from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Hal Broxmeyer, Distinguished Professor of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine New Paradigms in Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor cells, and Hematopoiesis, that May Relate to other Stem Cell Systems
Howard Colman, Associate Professor, Neurosurgery, University of Utah Mesenchymal transition in Glioblastoma stem-like cells: Effects of microenvironment on differentiation state and treatment resistance
Christopher Evans, Director, Rehabilitation Medicine, Mayo Clinic Gene based approaches to regenerating bone and cartilage
Allison Ebert, Assistant Professor, Medical College of Wisconsin Structural and functional abnormalities in LRRK2 G2019S iPSC-derived sensory neurons
Jay Schneider, Associate Director, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Opening new frontiers in muscle cell science and medicine with pluripotent human stem cells
Kunlin Jin, Professor, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Stem cell therapy for stroke from bench to bedside
Brian Kaspar, Associate Professor, Ohio State University Developing therapeutics for neuromuscular disease: from basic to translational studies
David Traver, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC-San Diego Embryonic specification of hematopoietic stem cells
Jeremy Mao, Dentistry/Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Homing of endogenous stem cells by molecular cues and biomaterials
Cynthia E. Dunbar, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Investigating Pluripotent and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology and Therapeutic Potential inthe Rhesus Macaque Model
George J. Murphy, Assistant Professor of Hematology & Oncology, Boston University; Boston University Center for Regenerative Medicine Brewing Blood: Pluripotent stem cell modeling of hematopoiesis in both health and disease
M Taher Saif, Mechanical Engineering/Graduate Programs and Research, University of Illinois Force connection to memory and learning
Jonathan Kimmelman, Associate Professor, Biomedical Ethics, McGill University How to Succeed With Failing in Translational Research
Gong Chen, Biology, Penn State University Reversing Glial Scar For Brain Repair
Ivan Moskowitz, Associate Professor, Pediatrics, Pathology & Human Genetics, University of Chicago Gene regulatory networks for cardiac form and function
Graham C. Parker, Professor, Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine Regenerative medicine: How conflicts of interest prevent real progress
Joseph Wu, Professor, Medicine & Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine Cardiac iPSCs for Disease Modeling, Drug Discovery, and Regenerative Medicine
Robert Mauck, Orthopedic Surgery & Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania Mechanical Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation
Ali H. Brivanlou, Stem Cell Biology & Molecular Embryology, Rockefeller University Self-Organization of HESC's and human embryos
George Gittes, Professor, Surgery/Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Beta cell proliferation, regeneration, and protection
Atsushi Asakura, Associate Professor, Neurology, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School Skeletal muscle stem cell induction, maintenance and therapy
Rudolph Jaenisch, Professor, Biology, Whitehead Institute, MIT Stem cells, epigenetic regulation and disease relevance
Jan Nolta, Director, Stem Cell Program, UC-Davis Next Generation Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies
Max Salick, Postdoctoral Researcher, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Single-Cell Transcriptomics of CRISPR-Engineered TSC2-/- Human Cerebral Organoids Reveals Cell Type Specific Phenotypes in Tuberous Sclerosis and Treatment Response
Mandi J. Lopez, Professor, Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Flasks to Fruition – Tissue Regeneration for One Health
Fall 2018 (scheduled)
James A. Martin, Associate Professor, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa The Intrinsic Regenerative Capacity of Articular Cartilage
Stephen Tsang, , Associate Professor, Opthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia Unverity Patient-specific stem cells as a platform for precision medicine
Christopher Breuer, Co-Director, Pediatric Surgery / Tissue Engineering, Nationwide Children's Hospital Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering
Spring 2019 (scheduled)
Freda Miller, Professor, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto Hospital for Sick Children Building and repairing the brain with neural stem cells CANCELLED
Flora Vaccarino, Harris Professor, Child Study Center and Department of Neuroscience, Yale University Gene regulation in telencephalic organoids in development and disease
Effie Apostolou, Assistant Professor, Molecular Biology in Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College Role of chromatin organization in cell fate decisions CANCELLED


What's the 1st VHS You Bought?
Prince's Purple Rain. If I recall it was one of the first VHS movies to be sold to the public. It was $30. Later, I as grew older, I came to realize my mistake and just how awful this movie actually was.
Do admit, though, that the scene where Prince's dad beats him up while he's still decked out in his purple concert gear is quite hilarious.
I actually have it on Blu-ray, perhaps only because it was a B1G1 offer and the soundtrack is awesome.


text:
Home » World News » Meghan and Harry dubbed 'professional victims' for silence on Netflix's musical
Meghan and Harry dubbed 'professional victims' for silence on Netflix's musical
A TV presenter has lashed over Prince Harry and Meghan Markle for keeping silent over "terrible" Netflix musical of Princess Diana.
Sky News Australia host Rita Panahi talked to fellow host James Morrow and other guests on the show to discuss the saucer-eyed retelling of life of the People's Princess.
Royal author Angela Levin previously called Prince Harry "disgraceful" for not talking to Netflix about the show.
Broadcaster Rita also shared a similar view and called the Duke of Sussex and his wife Meghan Markle "professional victims" as she told her colleagues: "Let's move on to another issue – the Diana musical – which is very important because it is causing all sorts of controversy.
"It's a Netflix production and it has got some of the worst reviews I have ever seen."
She then played an excerpt of the musical on screen, which features the jubilant music and joyful dance.
"I apologise for the length of that grab," Rita continued. "I was yelling at the producers because I think…exactly, what did I just watch? Why?
"But one of the interesting things here is that you haven't heard anything from professional victims Prince Harry and Meghan.
"Maybe, I don't know, it had something to do with their Netflix deal, which is worth well north of $100 million if the reports are to be believed but I would have thought Princess Diana doesn't need that."
Fellow host James Morrow shared his thoughts and said: "I don't think anybody need it although it looks like it would be a really fun, rainy afternoon 'hate watch'.
"I mean, could you imagine just a couple of bottles of wine and this music plays and they go like…Wow that's bad!
For more stories from the Daily Star, sign up to one of our newsletters here.
"It's like those Simpsons musical, you know that they used to do on that show. I don't know maybe they're going to do their own sort of musical, maybe it'll be a Hamilton style.
"I can't imagine it can be any worse than this but it looks pretty bad."
Rita said: "It looks terrible and the funniest thing about it is some of the reviews and some of the viewer comments are – just Google that and you will be amused."
MobiKwik gets SEBI nod for ₹1,900 crore IPO
Jeremy Clarkson named Farming Champion of the Year for his Amazon show
09/10/2021 World News Comments Off on Meghan and Harry dubbed 'professional victims' for silence on Netflix's musical
Swiss central bank completes pilot for CBDC settlement with commercial banks
Shopify Partners With China's E-commerce Platform JD.com


text:
De Co-assistent is een televisieserie van Net5 met in de hoofdrollen Hanna Verboom, Sytske van der Ster, Michiel Huisman, Thom Hoffman en Kasper van Kooten.

Geschiedenis
De Co-assistent verscheen in 2007 voor het eerst op televisie. De dramaserie is gebaseerd op de gelijknamige bestseller van Anne Hermans.

De eerste twee seizoenen werden geschreven door Ronald Giphart en Jeroen van Baaren. Het derde seizoen en het vierde seizoen zijn geschreven door Tijs van Marle, Dick van den Heuvel, Jacqueline Epskamp en Elle van Rijn. Pollo de Pimentel en Karin van der Meer zijn de eindredacteuren van de serie.

In het eerste seizoen duurden de aflevering een half uur, vanaf het tweede seizoen een vol uur.

De serie is ook uitgezonden Vlaamse zender VIJFtv. Tevens zijn alle seizoenen op dvd verkrijgbaar.

Verhaal

De Co-assistent draait om Elin Dekkers, die coschappen loopt in het ziekenhuis en met de balans tussen carrière en haar sociale leven worstelt.

Seizoen 4
Nieuwkomers in het vierde seizoen waren Anna Drijver, die in het derde seizoen reeds te zien was als verpleegkundige, en Tim Murck.

De serie begint als Thomas van Loon terugkeert na zijn burn-out. Hij blijkt in zijn afwezigheid geïnteresseerd te zijn geraakt in alternatieve geneeswijzen. Rob de Ruiter, de vriend van Elin, besluit halsoverkop naar Kenia te gaan om daar te werken in een Afrikaanse kliniek. Uiteindelijk besluiten Elin en Marjolein hem te volgen, om daar ervaring op te doen. Ze kunnen maar moeilijk wennen aan de praktijk in Afrikaanse ziekenhuizen. Als Verstraeten hoort dat Marjolein hem ontvlucht is, besluit hij ook naar Afrika te reizen om haar ten huwelijk te vragen. Wanneer de ploeg terugkeert naar Nederland, blijkt dat Marjolein en Elin geslaagd zijn voor hun coschappen, terwijl Steef het blok moet overdoen.

In dit seizoen wordt promotie gemaakt voor de Afrikaanse gezondheidsorganisatie AMREF, die in Nederland ook wel bekendstaat als AMREF Flying Doctors. Deze samenwerking was een idee van Hanna Verboom.

Seizoen vier begon op 6 september 2010.

Rolverdeling

Opnames

De Co-assistent is voor een deel opgenomen in de Blankenstraat, Tweede Leeghwaterstraat en de Czaar Peterstraat in Amsterdam. Maar de meeste indoor opnamen werden gemaakt in het voormalig belastingkantoor in het Haarlemse Schalkwijk dat naast het Spaarne Ziekenhuis Locatie Zuid ligt.

Trivia
 Het ziekenhuis in De Co-assistent heet AZA (Academisch Ziekenhuis Amsterdam). De hoofdrolspelers komen altijd aan de oostzijde binnen.

Nederlandse dramaserie
Programma van Net5


text:
Q: Determine whether array holds an almost increasing sequence Given a sequence of integers as an array, determine whether it is possible to obtain a strictly increasing sequence by removing no more than one element from the array.
For sequence = [1, 3, 2, 1], the output should be
almostIncreasingSequence(sequence) === false

There is no one element in this array that can be removed in order to get a strictly increasing sequence.
For sequence = [1, 3, 2], the output should be
almostIncreasingSequence(sequence) === true

As you can remove 3 from the array to get the strictly increasing sequence [1, 2]. Alternately, you can remove 2 to get the strictly increasing sequence [1, 3].
Here is what I have so far:
function almostIncreasingSequence(sequence) {
  //compare current int to previous, return true if greater than
  //remove int at index and compare with new values, return false if comparison fails
  var result = false;

  for(var i = 0; i < sequence.length; i++){
     var newSequence = sequence.slice();
     var subSequence = newSequence.splice(i, 1);

     for(var j = 0; j < newSequence.length - 1; j++){
        if(newSequence === newSequence.sort((a,b) => a < b).reverse()){
          result = true;
        }
     }
  }
  return result;
}

I'm trying to figure out how to solve this problem. I feel like I'm very close but for some reason when I call reverse in the conditional statement it also sorts out the newSequence variable. It's sorting two variables in the conditional, not one. As a result it resolves to true. I'm not clear why this is happening. Any feedback is appreciated.

A: There is no need to use a nested loop, nor to create new arrays. This can be done in O(n) time:

function almostIncreasingSequence(sequence) {
    var prev = -Infinity,
        beforePrev = -Infinity,
        allowExceptions = true;

    for (var curr of sequence) {
        // Is order not maintained?
        if (curr <= prev) {
            // Give up when this is not the first exception
            if (!allowExceptions) return false;
            allowExceptions = false;
            // Decide whether to skip the current or previous value
            if (curr > beforePrev) prev = curr;
        } else { // Normal case: keep track of two preceding values
            beforePrev = prev;
            prev = curr;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

console.log(almostIncreasingSequence([1,5,3,4,8])); // true
console.log(almostIncreasingSequence([1,5,0,6,8])); // true
console.log(almostIncreasingSequence([1,5,0,4,8])); // false

A: sort() modifies the array in place, it doesn't return a new array. And you can't compare the contents of two arrays using ==, so that's not a good way to tell if an array is sorted. You can simply loop through the array, testing if each element is greater than the previous one.

function almostIncreasingSequence(sequence) {
  for (var i = 0; i < sequence.length; i++) {
    var newSequence = sequence.slice();
    newSequence.splice(i, 1);
    var isSorted = true;
    for (j = 1; isSorted && j < newSequence.length; j++) {
      if (newSequence[j] <= newSequence[j-1]) {
        isSorted = false;
      }
    }
    if (isSorted) {
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

console.log(almostIncreasingSequence([1, 3, 2, 1]));
console.log(almostIncreasingSequence([1, 3, 2]));
console.log(almostIncreasingSequence([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3]));
console.log(almostIncreasingSequence([8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]));
console.log(almostIncreasingSequence([8, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5]));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I Micron 20″X2.5″ Sediment Cartridge.
Economical light weight filters for standard 20″ housings. Certified by NSF 42 and FDA CFR title 21. The sediment filter cartridge's coreless design is an economical solution to pre-filtration for many applications. They are used widely as pre-filtration for RO systems and post-filtration for GAC filters. They are also used in applications such as Ice Machines, Film Processing, Beverage, Coffee, Analytical, Wineries, and many others.


text:
PROPERTY OF A24
Written by Nick L'Barrow
Edited By Connor Petrey
MPAA: R
Genre: Mystery. SciFi. Romance.
The Green Knight won't be for everyone
THE GREEN KNIGHT (2021)
This one was worth the (pandemic delayed) wait!
The Green Knight is a fantasy re-telling of the story of Gaiwan (Dev Patel, Skins and Slumdog Millionaire), the nephew of King Arthur, who spends his days drinking and partying. Until one Christmas morning, when threat looms upon their castle home, and a challenge set forth by the Green Knight. What follows is undoubtedly one of the most visually spectacular films of the year from director David Lowery, in a film which proves that patient story-telling can lead to an exciting conclusion, even without all of the CGI battle sequences that we see in most medieval films today.
At the helm of The Green Knight is David Lowery (director of A Ghost Story, Pete's Dragon), bringing to life his adapted version of the screenplay. Lowery is almost renowned now as a director who has a very particular and rigid visual style. Whether it's the crisp, tight lensed shots on display in this film, or using the 1.33:1 aspect ratio to create a certain mood in A Ghost Story, Lowery has always had visual storytelling at the forefront of his work. The Green Knight is just such a clean looking film. The 4K resolution is outstanding, mixed with incredibly well-constructed, picturesque framings of both characters and landscapes alike that feel like the deliberate stylings of Lowery. The CGI seamlessly blends in with the in-screen effects. There is not a visual moment of this film that I was not personally in awe of.
But Lowery doesn't just succeed on a visual front, his purposeful use of longer takes and slower pace really allow you as the audience to feel immersed in this fantasy world and the story of Gaiwan, a choice I'm sure Lowery had in mind when writing this screenplay. No scene feels rushed and takes a genuine amount of time to allow characters to grow, but also allow audiences to be captivated by each frame.
The story of Gaiwan is not one I knew of before watching this film. However, the connection to the tales of King Arthur had me intrigued, even though I'm not a die-hard fan of medieval stories. Even with the film's slower pace, it takes no time to establish who Gaiwan is, and then introduce the antagonist in The Green Knight himself. The exciting opening 15 minutes of this film is enough to warrant praise for Lowery's script, with a menacing monologue from the Green Knight and an exciting feeling once the task from him has been handed down to Gaiwan. But that's only the beginning, and what follows is an incredibly poignant hero's journey as we watch Gaiwan interact with fascinating characters and be placed in danger's way throughout, leading him to grow as the story goes on.
Lowery's script feels like it has added all of the scenes necessary to make Gaiwan's story feel purposeful. The hero's journey is a storytelling device that is used in almost every film ever made, but Lowery still has managed to make it feel fresh with a strong lead character, interesting side characters and building a world that is truly fascinating.
Dev Patel shines as Gaiwan, giving a performance that from an actor who has been around as long as he has, solidifies himself as one of the best we have working today. Gaiwan is a character who goes from boozy-party animal, to stoic hero within 2 hours (or a year in the movie's time frame), and Patel confidently portrays all elements of Gaiwan in a grounded, passionate manner.
Ralph Ineson as the titular character of the Green Knight always has a brooding presence when on screen, in both physical stature and demanding tone. And as always, Alicia Vikander is a brilliant addition to any cast, really capturing the humanity of the story as Gaiwan's love interest, Essel.
Aside from stunning cinematography, both the digital and practical effects of The Green Knight are equally impressive. The costume and design of the Green Knight himself is phenomenal, while being startling to look at. The way his face moves so freely under what would be a mountain of prosthetics adds a sense of grounded realism to an otherwise completely fantastical tale.
As would be expected, the set design of the medieval era is outstanding. The blend of CGI/in-camera work is flawless, leaving me to guess what was real and what was not on set, but never once breaking the illusion of the film. Each costume looked impeccably created, along with the designs of the mystical creatures seen along the way. The Green Knight is a genuine visual feast for the eyes in so many aspects!
The sound design in this film is just as deliberate as the cinematography. Whether it's the bellowing sounds of the Green Knight's voice echoing throughout the castle's dining hall, or the hallowed, eerie silence of open plains, the mixing and sound design in this film are amazing. Even this whispers between characters feel incredibly captured.
The score from long-time collaborator of Lowery's, Daniel Hart is ever-present in every scene, but never feels overbearing. Each track feels incredibly complimentary to the scene it is feature in and plays like it's music written by someone who knows Lowery's style incredibly well.
The Green Knight won't be for everyone, it's a slow, patient story that relishes in it's visual wonderment and cinematic divinity. But for those who yearn for a truly amazing medieval tale, this feels like a true fantasy epic that needs none of the war violence to be captivating. With an outstanding performance from Patel leading the way, this film is a must-watch and another win from A24.


Catriona Gray's win at this year's Miss Universe pageant might have been really destined for her from the very start. The 24 year-old Miss Universe revealed that her big win was dreamt by her mother way back when she was in her early teens.
Catriona shared with the members of the press and the media who were present in Bangkok, Thailand that her big win was actually foreseen by her mother in a dream back when she was 13.
During a meeting with the members of the press and the media right after the pageant, Catriona explained the inspiration behind her gown during coronation night which was inspired by our Mayon Volcano in Albay. While explaining this, Catriona also noted that her mom dreamt about her winning the pageant in a red dress.
"When I was 13, my mum told me 'I had a dream that you were in Miss Universe and you won in a red dress,'" Catriona shared.
Catriona's parents were, of course, ecstatic about their daughter's win and had the sweetest audience reaction taken by their seat mates in the pageant.
There is no doubt that the Miss Universe crown was indeed meant for Catriona this year!


text:
Transitional Justice Issues
Policy Relations
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
U.S.A - Greensboro, NC
Afghanistan has suffered decades of conflict, resulting in severe human rights violations for which there has been little accountability. ICTJ works in Afghanistan to help document past abuses and advocate for justice-sensitive policies.
Kabul, 2009 - Women protest against the Shia Personal Status Law, which critics say legalizes marital rape.(Holly Pickett)
From 1978–2001 Afghanistan experienced a communist coup, a Soviet invasion, a mujahideen insurgency and a severely repressive Taliban rule. Systematic and widespread violations of human rights and humanitarian law committed during this period included murder, torture, rape, arbitrary detention, forced disappearances, and gender and ethnic discrimination.
A US-led military attack in 2001 resulted in the fall of the Taliban regime. From 2001–2011, some attention has been given to human rights through the establishment of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) and support to developing independent media and civil society.
However, many important reconstruction processes—including disarmament efforts, elections, and legal reform—failed to uphold minimum levels of accountability. Many individuals with questionable human rights records found their way back to power.
From 2001–2005, the Afghan public began to discuss justice issues through AIHRC's national consultation on justice. A clear sign that many Afghans strongly support justice and accountability measures, the consultation prompted the government's adoption of an action plan for Peace, Justice and Reconciliation.
A deteriorating security situation stalled implementation of this plan. In 2007 parliament adopted a bill which, with few exceptions, gave blanket amnesty for all violations committed during the conflicts. The bill was later also approved by the president.
In 2010, faced with an escalating insurgency, the government gave increasingly clear signs that it intended to negotiate with the Taliban and other insurgents. To date, little attention has been given to issues of accountability in these negotiations.
Civil society actors and others seek to ensure that the so-called "reconciliation" efforts acknowledge victims' views and preserve the possibilities of future justice initiatives.
Note: ICTJ is not currently working in Afghanistan
ICTJ's Role:
ICTJ has worked in Afghanistan since 2002, seeking to promote justice-sensitive policies in Afghanistan.
We work with local partners to ensure that victims' concerns and issues of justice and accountability are included in the political process, and to preserve the limited space available to promote human rights.
Technical assistance: We provide technical assistance and capacity-building to the AIHRC and other Afghan civil society organizations with trainings in advocacy, documentation and strategy.
Mentoring civil society organizations: ICTJ works to help civil society develop innovative, feasible projects and further local human rights work, such as through our ongoing theater projects.
Ongoing documentation initiatives: Information is the lifeblood of any accountability effort. Without documentation, it is easy to deny that human rights violations occurred. ICTJ assists local organizations in documenting violations committed over three decades of conflict, safeguarding against loss of evidence.
Advice to policymakers: ICTJ works with national and international policy makers to ensure not only an awareness of the violations that have been committed but to propose workable solutions to ensure accountability and moves towards reconciliation.
Theater and Transitional Justice in Afghanistan
Contested Transitions: Dilemmas of Transitional Justice in Colombia and Comparative Experience
Stabilizing Afghanistan: Legitimacy and Accountability in Governance
Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission
Afghanistan Analysts Network
Afghanistan Human Rights and Democracy Organization (AHRDO)
Afghanistan Watch