text:
The article covers the Hurricane Katrina effects by region, within the United States and Canada. The effects of Hurricane Katrina, in late August 2005, were catastrophic and widespread. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in U.S. history, leaving at least 1,836 people dead, and a further 135 missing. The storm was large and had an effect on several different areas of North America.

Florida

More than 1 million customers were left without electricity, and damage in Florida was estimated at between $1 and $2 billion (with most of the damage coming from flooding and overturned trees).

Two traffic fatalities related to Katrina were also reported on the Florida Panhandle in Walton County, and moderate to locally heavy damage was reported in the western part of the Panhandle (on the outer edge of Katrina), which had already been hit hard by Hurricane Ivan in September 2004 and Hurricane Dennis in July 2005.

Louisiana
Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Louisiana at 6:45 AM local time on August 29, 2005, as a Category 3 hurricane with sustained winds of , near Buras-Triumph, Louisiana and a 22-foot storm surge. The eye of the storm passed 27 miles east of downtown New Orleans at 8:30 AM. The primary areas that were affected were southeastern Louisiana, including the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, the parishes of St. Tammany (Slidell), Jefferson (Gretna), Terrebonne (Houma), Plaquemines (Buras), Lafourche (Thibodaux), and St. Bernard (Chalmette).

According to officials nearly one million people were temporarily without electricity in Louisiana for several weeks. On September 1, 2005, 800,000 homes were without electricity. Numerous roadways were flooded or damaged and many evacuations conducted by boat and helicopter.

Approximately 46,000 National Guard were dispatched to the area as part of the disaster relief effort. The United States Navy also announced that four amphibious ships would be sent from Norfolk, Virginia within a few days to assist the relief efforts. The US Coast Guard rescued 1,259 survivors off rooftops by Wednesday morning August 31, less than two days after landfall, and more than 1,000 the next day. In less than two weeks 12,535 flood victims were saved by helicopter. In all, the Coast Guard made 33,544 rescues by helicopter and boats.

By July 1, 2006, when new population estimates were calculated by the U.S. Census Bureau, the population of the state of Louisiana declined by 219,563, or 4.87%.

Just as matters were beginning to improve in 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf in April 2010 caused massive amounts of oil to come ashore in the wetlands and marshes in Plaquemines Parish and other areas of coastal Louisiana near New Orleans that had been most heavily damaged by Katrina, and the spill will likely reach other states that were also affected by the storm (the hurricane had caused or exacerbated oil spills on a smaller scale when it hit).

New Orleans

Mayor Ray Nagin did not order a mandatory evacuation of the city until August 28, 2005. Approximately one million people had fled the city and its surrounding suburbs by the evening of August 28, while about 100,000 people remained in the city, with about 10,000 taking shelter at the Louisiana Superdome which had been prepared to accommodate only 800. Eventually, 30,000 arrived at the Superdome before they were evacuated.

By August 31, eighty percent (80%) of the city of New Orleans was flooded by Hurricane Katrina, with some parts of the city under , of water. Over 50 breaches in region's levee system were catalogued, five of which resulted in massive flooding of New Orleans. The 17th Street Canal levee was just south of the Hammond Highway Bridge. Levees adjacent to London Avenue breached in two locations: one near Robert E. Lee Boulevard and one between Filmore Avenue and Mirabeau Avenue. Two breaches also occurred in the Industrial Canal adjacent to Surekote Road. Levee repair efforts were undertaken, involving reinforcing the levees with  sandbags deployed by U.S. Army Chinook and Black Hawk helicopters. The 17th Street Canal levee repair was completed by September 5, 2005, and subsequently, the three canals were repaired all the way to Lake Pontchartrain. The Army Corps of Engineers added flood gates to the three canals.

Many evacuees were trapped in flooded houses and rooftops waiting to be rescued. The Superdome sustained significant damage and much of the dome's waterproof membrane had essentially been peeled off. On August 30, Louisiana governor Kathleen Blanco ordered the complete evacuation of the remaining people that sought shelter in the Superdome. Blanco instructed the Adjutant General of the Louisiana National Guard, Major General Bennett C. Landreneau to contact Honoré of Northern Command (Honoré arrived on Wednesday, August 31, as the commander of the newly established Joint Task Force Katrina to supervise federal military operations) to arrange for active duty military support of response operations in Louisiana. Additionally, General Landreneau instructed Louisiana National Guard officials at the Superdome to cease planning for the evacuation as Honoré would be "taking charge" of the evacuation project. The evacuees were then transported to the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. The only route out of the city was west on the Crescent City Connection as the I-10 (twin span) bridge traveling east towards Slidell, Louisiana had collapsed. The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway was also carrying emergency traffic only.

St. Tammany Parish
Hurricane Katrina made its final landfall in eastern St. Tammany Parish. The western eye wall passed directly over St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana as a Category 3 hurricane at about 9:45 AM CST, August 29, 2005. The communities of Slidell, Avery Estates, Lakeshore Estates, Oak Harbor, Eden Isles and North Shore Beach were inundated by the storm surge that extended over six miles inland. The storm surge impacted all 57 miles of St. Tammany Parish's coastline, including Lacombe, Mandeville and Madisonville. The storm surge in the area of the Rigolets Pass is estimated 16 feet, not including wave action declining to 7 feet at Madisonville. The surge had a second peak in eastern St. Tammany as the westerly winds from the southern eye wall pushed the surge to the east, backing up at the bottleneck of the Rigolets Pass. The Twin Spans of I-10 between Slidell and New Orleans East were virtually destroyed, and much of I-10 in New Orleans East was under water. The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway and the Highway 11 bridge, connecting the north and south shores of Lake Pontchartrain, were open only to emergency traffic.

Initial search and rescue operations were conducted south of Highway 190 from Lacombe east to the state line. Fire District No. 1 and the St. Tammany Parish Sheriff's office evacuated over 3,000 people from flooded homes and rescued about 300 people in imminent danger.  Radio communications among first responders functioned throughout the rescue period but the 9-1-1 system was not operational for ten days. Utility services were not available anywhere in the parish. Generator power was available for hospitals and a special needs shelter. Hospitals were running at capacity on generator power.

The hurricane-force winds toppled trees and telephone poles parish-wide, blocking all transportation routes. Land debris cleanup continued into 2007 with over 6.6 million cubic yards collected. Debris cleaning in waterways continued at least through 2009.
Hurricane Katrina damaged 48,792 housing units in St. Tammany Parish from flood waters, high winds, or both.

Jefferson Parish
The breach on the east side of the 17th Street Canal levee did not cause severe flooding within Jefferson Parish, but some lower-lying areas did receive significant water damage, especially on the East Bank.

The Sheriff of Jefferson Parish reported that he expected his district to remain uninhabitable for at least one week and that residents should not return to the area. Incidents of looting were reported throughout affected areas of Louisiana, most notably in New Orleans. Louisiana governor Kathleen Blanco ordered all roadways into the state closed.

By one week after the storm, residents were allowed to return to their homes to retrieve essentials, provided that they could present identification proving that they lived in the parish. They were only allowed in to retrieve essential items, and were then required to leave the parish for another month.

Terrebonne Parish
In Terrebonne Parish, signs, trees, roofs and utility poles suffered the brunt of Hurricane Katrina's fury when the storm roared across Terrebonne and Lafourche. Most of Terrebonne Parish and Lafourche Parish were covered with water during the storm surge, yet Houma was spared to the extent that the Coast Guard used their airport for the initial rescue launch site. ""

Plaquemines Parish

Hurricane Katrina made a direct landfall in the "lower" (southern/down river) portion of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, the eye passed directly over the town of Empire, Louisiana. There was extensive flooding the majority of the Parish, and the southern part was temporarily "reclaimed" by the Mississippi River. All of the East Bank of the Parish was flooded, as was the downriver portion of the West Bank. Belle Chase mostly escaped with only moderate wind damage. The Belle Chasse Tunnel was flooded as well.

On August 29, the President of Plaquemines Parish, Benny Rousselle, issued a statement to all residents not to return to the parish until further notice. There were no public services available and all roads were closed and impassable. He requested that only employees in Drainage, Heavy Equipment, Public Right-of-Way Maintenance and Solid Waste departments return to the parish if possible.

Areas gradually opened up in late 2005.

St. Bernard Parish
St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, which lies to the East of New Orleans and thus was closer to the path of the storm and the more exposed to the storm surge from the Gulf of Mexico, was completely flooded via water surging into Lake Borgne. A large portion of the flooding was apparently the result of levee failures along the Mississippi River – Gulf Outlet Canal, a  canal. The levees were sized to hold back up to , of water; they held back the initial surge, but then they were breached in several areas by the , surge.

The Parish's two shelters at Chalmette High School and St. Bernard High School suffered considerable damage with flooding. Chalmette High lost much of its roof, and St. Bernard High had many broken windows. There were estimates of 300-plus evacuees at both sites.

By August 29, about 150 people were sighted on rooftops in areas that were under approximately 8–10 feet or more of water. Among those on the roofs were WDSU reporter Heath Allen and a St. Bernard resident on a government complex rooftop. Residents reported that even oil platform service boats were utilized to rescue survivors.

Several tragic deaths were reported at St. Rita's Nursing Home in the parish, as 35 people died due to drowning. The owners of the nursing home were arrested and charged with negligent homicide for not having evacuated in advance of the storm. However, the owners were subsequently found not guilty.

Washington Parish
Washington Parish, Louisiana is located north of New Orleans. The parish received significant damage due to wind damage and local flooding. The Parish is home to many pine forests in which many of the pine trees snapped or were completely uprooted. The eye of Katrina could be seen from the eastern part of the parish, in Bogalusa as Bogalusa was only fifteen miles away from the center of the eye. Much of Bogalusa was without power for weeks. Many major roads were covered by trees and were not cleared for many days. Schools did not reopen until October. As gasoline was in short supply even for emergency workers, the parish banned gas sales to the public for several days, arousing the ire of many locals.

Mississippi

Hurricane Katrina's devastating impact on the state of Mississippi caused a complete re-evaluation of hurricane command centers, safety, and offshore gambling. Because landfall was during daylight, many people survived by swimming to higher buildings and trees within sight. Afterward, all Mississippi counties were declared disaster areas (see map).

The Gulf Coast of Mississippi suffered massive damage from the impact of Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, leaving 238 people dead, 67 missing, and an estimated $125 billion in damages. Since Katrina made its third and final landfall on the Louisiana/Mississippi state line, the storm's powerful northeastern quadrant hammered areas of Mississippi, as well as Alabama, causing extensive wind and flood damage. According to MSNBC, a  storm surge came ashore wiping out 90% of the buildings along the Biloxi-Gulfport coastline. The bridge between Bay St. Louis and Pass Christian was also damaged by the storm.

The three counties most affected by the storm were the coastal counties, Hancock County, Harrison County, and Jackson County. Emergency command centers in the 3 coastal counties were partially disabled, prompting a re-evaluation of general hurricane emergency-center design nationwide: in Hancock county, the emergency-command headquarters were swamped by a 32-foot (11-m) storm tide flooding into the building, which had been considered flood-proof at  above sea level.

Mississippi Emergency Management Agency (MEMA) officials also recorded deaths in Hinds, Warren, and Leake counties. About 800,000 people throughout the state experienced power outages, which is almost a third of the population.

United States Navy officials announced that two Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyers that were under construction at Litton-Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula had been damaged by the storm, as well as the amphibious assault ship .

Hancock County
Hancock County was the scene of the final landfall of the eye of Hurricane Katrina, and its communities and infrastructure suffered some of the most intense damage inflicted by that storm. Devastation occurred in many communities, including Waveland, Bay St. Louis, Pearlington, and Clermont Harbor.

Katrina practically obliterated Waveland, and state officials said that it took a harder hit from the wind and water than any other town along the coast. The storm dragged away almost every structure within one half mile of the beach, leaving driveways and walkways that went to nowhere. The death toll was estimated at 50.

In Bay St. Louis, Katrina destroyed many buildings, including the first floor and dormitories of Saint Stanislaus College and the Bay St. Louis Public Library.

Harrison County

Harrison County was hit particularly hard by the hurricane, as well as the storm surge. Its two coastal cities, Biloxi and Gulfport suffered severe damage and many casualties were reported. By September 1, 126 people were already confirmed dead.

Widespread damage was reported in the city of Biloxi and several of the city's attractions were destroyed. Many restaurants have been destroyed and several casino barges were pulled out of the water and onto land. Residents that recalled Hurricane Camille observed that Katrina was, "much worse", with a storm surge reportedly reaching further inland. Katrina's wind estimates were lighter than Camille's, and the central air pressure was slightly higher, but Camille was also a much smaller storm, so the greater impact of Katrina's surge may be due to the size.

The Biloxi-Ocean Springs Bridge was totally destroyed, and US 90 had heavy debris and severe damage to the roadbed.  Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi was also damaged extensively.

In Pass Christian, the destruction was almost complete.

Jackson County
Jackson County, Mississippi had a coastal storm tide of at least , with Hurricane Katrina coming ashore during the morning high tide. Reports stated that 90% of Pascagoula was flooded by the storm surge, and the storm was so intense that 3 US Navy ships were damaged.  Moss Point and Escatawpa were also affected.

Although the severe hurricane-force winds were recorded mainly east of downtown New Orleans, extending into Alabama, heavy rainfall led to inland flooding, including counties in western Mississippi. Also, the eastern outer bands of Hurricane Katrina spawned 62 tornadoes to the northeast (none in Louisiana), with 11 tornadoes in Mississippi, and 2 tornadoes in Georgia.

For those reasons, all counties in Mississippi were affected in some tangible way, and hence, all Mississippi counties were designated as disaster areas for Federal assistance, with 49 lower counties eligible for full individual and public assistance.

Alabama

Hurricane Katrina was the fifth recent storm to hit Alabama, and Alabama suffered widespread, moderate-to-heavy damage caused by hurricane-force winds, flooding by a storm tide of 14–18 feet, and tornadoes.
Massive damage occurred along coastal areas, pushing small ships and oil rigs ashore, flooding fishing areas with dozens of shrimp boats, destroying marinas plus hundreds of boardwalks, and swamping beachfront homes or hotels, with widespread tree damage and roofs or shingles torn off. Afterward, 22 counties in Alabama were declared disaster areas for Federal assistance (see map above, "Federal Disaster Areas"), spanning a 400-mile (640-km) region.

Mobile Bay spilled into downtown Mobile, Alabama to the depth of . A flotel (floating habitat used by oil platform crews) broke loose of its moorings and slammed into the Cochrane–Africatown USA Bridge; the bridge damage was later found not to be critical but in the meantime its traffic was reduced from four lanes to two. There was cause for concern because the bridge, in conjunction with underwater tunnels, is a part of the I-10 Hazardous Materials route across the Mobile River. The Battleship Parkway crossing Mobile Bay was also closed before the storm and was completely submerged during the hurricane. Many coastal homes south of the Point Clear area were severely damaged, flooded, or swept away.

Damage was quite heavy in coastal Alabama (comparable to Hurricane Ivan in 2004), including significant structural damage to many buildings. Bayou La Batre, a fishing town, sustained significant damage to its infrastructure and fishing fleet. It was the focal point of public attention given to Alabama in the aftermath of the storm. On Sunday, September 4, 2005, U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited a community center in Bayou La Batre and surveyed storm damage with Alabama Governor Bob Riley.
Some damage was reported in inland Alabama, as well, particularly related to fallen trees. An oil platform became grounded near Dauphin Island.

More than 584,000 people were left without power in Alabama immediately after the storm. Tornadoes were also reported near Brewton.

Towns on the Eastern Shore began regaining electric power on August 30, and power was restored to sections of Mobile beginning on the fifth day after the storm, September 3, 2005.

An (inland) tropical storm wind warning was issued in every county in Alabama along and west of I-65.

Georgia

Western Georgia was hit with the outer bands of Hurricane Katrina, resulting in heavy rains, damaging winds and several reports of tornadoes in Polk, Heard, and Carroll counties. In Polk County, three homes were damaged by a tornado. A fatal tornado in Carroll County resulted in the death of one person in a vehicle collision and caused damage to as many as 30 homes, and one additional fatality was reported.

Severe weather was also reported in northeastern Georgia, including tornadoes in White and Hall counties. In White County, a tornado struck the tourist town of Helen, ripping the top floor from an Econolodge hotel and damaging businesses at a nearby outlet mall. Thirty people were displaced by the storm, but no injuries were reported. In Hall County, several homes were reported damaged by a possible tornado in Lula. A tornado in a feeder band moved through Decatur County to the west of Bainbridge in southwestern Georgia during the evening of August 29.

On August 31, the price of gasoline shot up dramatically in and around the Atlanta metropolitan area, reaching as high as $6 per gallon. This was mainly due to consumer panic about lack of gasoline caused by Hurricane Katrina, which disrupted oil production in the Gulf of Mexico.

Other U.S. states and Canadian provinces

Arkansas
Arkansas avoided damage from Katrina, as the storm passed mainly to the east. The state established KARE (Katrina Assistance Relief Effort), a toll free telephone number and website for evacuees seeking assistance, and provided deep discounts on spaces at its state parks, waived pet restrictions, and allowed evacuees to stay even if other travelers had confirmed reservations (bumped travelers were offered either space at another state park or a gift certificate for future use). The governor instructed state agencies to take care of human needs first and worry about paperwork later.

Kentucky
Western Kentucky was already suffering flooding from storms that had passed through the area during the weekend prior to Katrina's arrival. Part of Christian County High School, located just outside Hopkinsville, collapsed during the weekend. Significant flooding was reported in the Hopkinsville area, and many homes were flooded. One person was killed in flood waters during Katrina that had already been high from the previous storm.

Governor Ernie Fletcher, declared Christian, Todd, and Trigg counties disaster areas due to flooding, and declared a statewide state of emergency.

New England
Over  of rain fell across parts of New England, especially in the northern part of the region. Gusty winds also caused many trees to fall across the region.

New York
Western New York received up to  of rain. High winds from the storm left about 4,500 people in Buffalo without power.

North Carolina
North Carolina avoided damage from the storm, but gas prices rose in response to interrupted supply lines. Local hospitals received some regional evacuees.

Ohio
In Ohio, some flooding and power outages were reported (including about 2,500 outages in the easternmost part of the state alone), and several areas were evacuated throughout the state. One hospital in Dennison had to be evacuated as it lost power and its generator failed, but it was restored later in the day. Two deaths were blamed on the storm in Ohio, both indirect deaths from an automobile accident caused by Katrina's rains in Huron County north of the village of Monroeville.

A F-0 force tornado hit Warren County on August 30, causing minor damage in Morrow and Salem Township. Three houses were damaged, but no injuries were reported.

Ontario
On August 30 heavy rain and tropical storm force wind gusts were reported in Southern Ontario as Katrina passed over the area before dissipating into a remnant low pressure system. Port Colborne and Brockville appeared to receive the most rain, both with over . Other regions in the province reported  of rain, except near the New York border where up to  was reported. There were also some spotty reports of flooding and damage due to fallen trees.

Pennsylvania
In Pennsylvania, at least two tornadoes spawned from Katrina's outer bands and touched down in the south-central part of the state south of Harrisburg. Numerous trees were blown down and several roofs were damaged.

Quebec
On August 31, the storm system previously known as Katrina was partially absorbed by a front and continued to produce heavy rainfall along the St. Lawrence River Valley. Several villages in the northeastern part of Quebec were isolated due to multiple washouts. Sections of roads were destroyed, effectively cutting these villages off via land travel. Affected areas were supplied by boats normally supplying the Magdalen Islands. The system crossed over uninhabited areas of Labrador before completely dissipating.

Tennessee
At the storm's peak, at least 80,000 customers were without power, primarily in the Memphis and Nashville areas.

Some damage was reported, primarily due to fallen trees. However, there were no deaths or injuries reported in Tennessee as a result of Katrina.

Tennessee was used as a staging area for Gulf Coast evacuees, particularly in and around Memphis.

Texas

Texas avoided any direct damage from Hurricane Katrina, but the state took in an estimated 220,000 people who sought refuge from Louisiana.

On August 31, the Harris County, Texas Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management and the State of Louisiana came to an agreement to allow at least 25,000 evacuees from New Orleans, especially those who were sheltered in the Louisiana Superdome, to move to the Astrodome until they could return home. The evacuation began on September 1. President George W. Bush announced on September 4 that additional evacuees would be airlifted to other states.

The Reliant Astrodome in Houston took on some of the 25,000 who had initially sought shelter in the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, but quickly reached capacity and by September 2, was unable to accept additional hurricane evacuees from the disaster. The Astrodome was reopened a few hours later, after it was announced that all events scheduled through December 2005 would be cancelled so as to open the building to an additional 11,000 evacuees. City officials then opened two additional buildings adjacent to the Dome, the Arena, and the center, as well as the George R. Brown Convention Center in downtown Houston to house additional evacuees.

When the Houston shelters began to reach capacity on September 2, Governor Rick Perry activated an emergency plan that made space for an additional 25,000 each in San Antonio and the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, as well as smaller shelters in communities across Texas. Beginning with a convoy of 50 buses (2,700 people) that arrived at Reunion Arena in Dallas at 3:00 AM CST on September 3, a wave of over 120,000 additional evacuees began pouring into Texas at a rate such that, as of September 5, it was estimated there were roughly 139,000 evacuees in official shelters around the state. This, added to the estimated 90,000 that were already in hotels and homes, overwhelmed local resources. Dallas quickly sought help from nearby cities to help accommodate more evacuees. A staging area at the unused Big Town Mall in Mesquite was opened, but was also quickly overloaded. Fort Worth and Arlington accepted some evacuees, and towns from as far away as Bonham and even Tulsa, Oklahoma offered to help.

By the afternoon of September 5, with a total estimated number of over 230,000 evacuees in Texas, Governor Perry ordered that buses begin being diverted to other shelters outside the state resulting in 20,000 being sent to Oklahoma and 30,000 being sent to Arkansas. By September 6, Texas had an estimated 250,000 evacuees and Governor Perry was forced to declare a state of emergency in Texas and issued an impassioned plea to other states to begin taking the 40,000-50,000 evacuees that were still in need of shelter.

Many communities in Texas opened up many of their services to evacuees from Louisiana, offering speedier enrollment for children in local school districts, speedy access to the Texas food stamp program, as well as access to health services for those being treated for diseases like tuberculosis and HIV. Texas state parks were opened free of charge to evacuees.

More than 300 students from Tulane University, including the school's football team, were displaced to Southern Methodist University in Dallas.

The New Orleans Saints NFL football team, who were displaced from their home facility at the Superdome, moved temporarily to San Antonio. The Saints' 2005 home games were split between the Alamodome in San Antonio and Louisiana State University's Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge. On December 30, 2005, the team and the league announced that the club would play a split schedule again in 2006.

Virginia
In Virginia, a tornado related to Katrina's outer bands touched down in Marshall, damaging at least 13 homes. In addition, electricity was lost by about 4,000 customers. No deaths or injuries were reported.

West Virginia
Significant flooding was reported in several communities in West Virginia, including Sissonville, forcing some evacuations.

See also
 Effect of Hurricane Katrina on Mississippi
 Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans
 Hurricane Rita - caused evacuation panic near Houston; re-flooded HAWII.

References

External links
NOAA Aerial Survey Photos of the Affected Areas

Regions


Philip Kenneth "Phil" Collen (born 8 December 1957) is the co-lead guitarist and one of the backing vocalists for English rock band Def Leppard. He joined the band in 1982 following the departure of Pete Willis.
Missing lyrics by Phil Collen?
Know any other songs by Phil Collen? Don't keep it to yourself!


text:
Q: Python beginner here - having issue with a for loop working within a class definition My code displays this:
"Here are the administrator's privileges:- ('block users', 'add new users')"
But I would like for it to display this way:
"Here are the administrator's privileges:
- Blocks users
- Add new users"
I've tried messing around with the formatting (vague sorry!) within show_privileges() and tried adding a for loop within show_privileges, and that has not worked. I've tried to define 'privilege in privileges' in other places but that has not worked.
(a lesson from P.C.C)
class User:
    """Create a user profile."""

    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, city, phone_number):
        """Initialize attributes of the user profile."""
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.city = city
        self.phone_number = phone_number

    def describe_user(self):
        """Summarize user profile."""
        print(f"\n{self.first_name} {self.last_name} is {self.age} years old and lives in {self.city}.")
        print(f"You can contact {self.first_name} at {self.phone_number}.")

    def greet_user(self):
        """Print a personal greeting to the user."""
        print(f"Hi {self.first_name}, glad you are here!")

class Privileges:
    """A simple attempt to model privileges for an administrator."""

    def __init__(self, *privileges):
        """Initialize attributes of privileges."""
        super().__init__(*privileges)

    def privileges(self, *privileges):
        """Store a list of the administrator's privileges."""
        self.privileges = privileges

    def show_privileges(self):
        """Print a list of administrator privileges."""
        print("Here are the administrator's privileges:")
        print(f"- {self.privileges}")

class Admin(User):
    """Represents aspects of a user, specific to an administrator."""

    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, city, phone_number):
        """Initialize attributes from the parent class."""
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age, city, phone_number)
        self.privileges = Privileges()

user_jane = Admin('jane', 'doe', 35, 'new york city', 5555551234)

user_jane.privileges.privileges('block users', 'add new users')

user_jane.privileges.show_privileges()

A: First of all, you override your self.privileges in your code with the function def privileges(self, *privileges):
But for your problem, you can do a for loop on those privileges
as this:
    def show_privileges(self):
        """Print a list of administrator privileges."""
        print("Here are the administrator's privileges:")
        for p in self.privileges:
            print(f"- {p}")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You are here: Home / Jewelry / Engagement rings / 10 reasons to choose an antique engagement ring.
It's so interesting post for us because it's had some good reasons to choose an antique engagement ring. Loves to this precious ring. Thanks for sharing this.
It's my pleasure!! I'm so glad you enjoyed it.
My fiancé (now beloved husband) showed me the ring he had in mind for me and told me to go look at it. I found it in 3 different stores in the same mall. It was a nice ring, but not unique, not me. I agonized over telling him that this $2000 ring was not my taste as I dearly didn't want to hurt his feelings. He took it like a gentleman, and told his mother who suggested his grandmother's 2 diamond rings. I loved them on immediately. Classy art deco, but more so because his mother thought enough of me to in trust me with a family heirloom . No heartless, though pretty, modern ring could mean more.
I'm so glad that you found the rings that are right for you! I think a lot of women end up with pieces they don't love because they're afraid to speak up. And the family connection makes it even more special.
I purchased one for my wife it has two two ct diamonds and one three point five ct one has a couple of black marks in it but you need a glass to see them. When I purchased it over 40 years ago it cost me only £600 I was told because the stones we're not the same size on the two ct stones. Well I got the fright of my life my insurance company asked for a new valuation so popped to my jewler. I picked it up he told me it would be £85 I asked him why he told me the ring had gone up in value now it's worth £85,000 to£105,000.
They are environmentally friendly, too! 😀 That's my excuse for buying and selling antique pieces.
I have an antique engagement ring and band I want to sell. Any advice?
I recommend finding your local antique jewelry stores and seeing if they purchase old jewelry – if they don't, they should be able to give you recommendations as to where else to try.
Antique engagement rings are beautifully design and adorable. Love to wear it.
Crazy about new jewelry trends. Love to watch more stunning and beautiful engagements rings.
Where did you find the ring pictured in number 8? I haven't found any other ring similar and I really love that one!
It's beautiful, isn't it? This beauty was for sale by Estate Diamond Jewelry (https://www.estatediamondjewelry.com/).
It's gorgeous! Wish it was still available.
Having received an antique engagement ring sure is one of the greatest feeling in the world. The fact that it's precious, elegant and rare means you are also precious, elegant and unique in your partner's eyes. Thanks for sharing this great article!
Having received an antique engagement ring sure is one of the greatest feeling. The fact that it's precious, elegant and rare means you are also precious, elegant and unique in your partner's eyes. Thanks for sharing this great article!
Well Becky what you said here is right, but hunting for the perfect one is the most difficult part that many will give up. Do you know any website that sells antique engagement rings? If so it will be important for readers to find out more. Thanks for sharing your expertise.
I'm happy to work with any reader searching for the right engagement ring. Are you on the hunt for one?
Just Perfect. Hi Becky, very well said. Antique rings always make one feel so special, as they are one in million and one can hardly find others have same design of ring. Thank for this unique post.
The examples you have shown are Outstanding.
What a great list! I think I may rethink what my ideal diamond is now. These antiques just seem to have so much character!
I'm drooling over these older-cut center stones, especially the one in the first photo!
Aren't they delicious? There truly is nothing like an old-cut diamond.


text:
David Holwell est né le  à Whangarei (Nouvelle-Zélande). C'est un joueur de rugby à XV évoluant au poste de demi d'ouverture. Dans le championnat des provinces néo-zélandais, il évolue avec Northland, Wellington et de nouveau Northland. En Super Rugby, il évolue principalement avec Wellington Hurricanes, avant de rejoindre l'Europe pour évoluer avec la province irlandaise du Leinster avant de retrouver les Hurricanes et de jouer Auckland Blues. Il fait une nouvelle apparition ensuite avec le Leinster.

Carrière

Club
 1998-2004 et 2006 : Wellington Hurricanes
 2004-2005 : Leinster
 2006 : Wellington Hurricanes
 2007 : Auckland Blues

Il a joué essentiellement dans le Super 12 avec les Hurricanes, à l'exception d'une saison en Europe faite avec le Leinster (104 points).

Il détient le record de points marqués par un joueur des Hurricanes (631).

Provinces
 1995-1998 : Northland
 1999-2004 : Wellington
 2005 : Northland

Palmarès

Notes et références

Liens externes

Joueur néo-zélandais de rugby à XV
Demi d'ouverture (rugby à XV)
Joueur de la Northland Rugby Union
Joueur de la Wellington Rugby Football Union
Joueur des Wellington Hurricanes
Joueur du Leinster Rugby
Joueur des Auckland Blues
Naissance en janvier 1975
Naissance à Whangarei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Default keyboard in android I have to add some text during this activity and I want to show the default keyboard for the starting of one activity til the activity is finished.
So, What should I have to do?

A: In the AndroidManifest.xml set the android:windowSoftInputMode to "stateAlwaysVisible" for your activity.  Reference, http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element.html.


We always try to inform you about all the latest trends and ideas, so that each one of our posts illustrates a certain idea and a clear message, all this generates a new and unique work of art.And who creates the jewelry?Certainly, the designers, that is why in the pages of our blog you can always find stories of the most famous brands in the world, even the youngest talents.And, of course, we can not pass up this opportunity to inform you about a luxurious brand, which is sure to win your heart.So today the story will be about the Nammu brand.
The same name of the brand carries a certain message and meaning. The name Nammu has its origins in Mesopotamian mythology. According to the texts of the time, Nammu was the goddess who created the world .He also created the gods An (sky) and Ki (earth).And those gods created the rest of the gods.The gods realized that there was a lot of work to do on earth, to extract minerals.Then they created the human being to serve them, and to draw gold out of the mines.
Perhaps this story played the role for the creation of Nammu jewelry catalogs .In the categories of the brand you will find jewelry with features of the earth symbol: amber and birch bark .These ornaments are carrying a secret from the universe;A spirit of all creatures of the earth alive.And, of course, here you will also find jewelry with gold plating.
And, as I always do, I will tell you about what will be trend in autumn-winter 2016. I just want to point out that buying jewelry made with materials like lapis lazuli or amber will not only give you style and beauty. But it also gives you the opportunity to improve your health and mood.
Silver jewelry inlaid with colored or transparent crystals, is one of the latest major trends that are very fashionable. Such jewelry is worth wearing with a day dress or an evening gown. The Nammu luxury brand offers us elegant necklaces, pendants, rings and earrings for this season.
Rings in retro and vintage styles, are going to be very popular. And, of course, the Nammu store already gives us some options! These two rings are representatives of different period styles .Both designs have gold plating and emerald green Swarovski crystals.You should wear this trim very carefully, because the left ring is suitable for an evening dress, and the right ring is perfect for a steampunk costume.
Nammu has something new to offer us, and most importantly, the boho jewelry of this brand is not made of metal, crystals or turquoise. Nammu departs from the traditional style and offers a new perspective: boho jewelry made with lapis lazuli.
Nammu's lapis lazuli jewelry is made with authentic lapis lazuli beads from Afghanistan.Such stones are not only distinguished by their incredible color, but also by their uniform of pyrite patches.
Beautiful amber threads were described in hundreds of books, so it is no wonder that girls of all ages prefer to have some amber necklace in their coffers. And Nammu gives us this opportunity. And I advise you to pay attention to the variety of colors of this stone .Today, our main goal is to go against tradition.
Nammu is a company dedicated to international trade and online sales. They have offices in Barcelona, Spain. And its objective is that you can enjoy the same prices as if you bought directly in the best mining areas of the world. For this they locate the best materials in the international mining zones, collaborating with artisans to offer a finished product of quality.


Quant Capital is urgently looking for a Java Developer to join our high profile client.
Our client is a large well known wealth management software business. They have offices globally and were recently voted in the fintech 100.
The Java developer will be responsible for product development and client projects through in depth knowledge of Wealth Management (taught and not needed) new applications, code development, system design, operating system design and software applications.


An Opinion On Sports: Winless No More!
Georgia avoids going winless in the Southeastern Conference by upsetting Florida in Athens 86-84. Terrance Woodbury poured in a career high 32 points as the Hoop Dawgs snapped an eleven game losing streak. This streak was the Dawgs longest since 1975. Georgia played with an aggressiveness they had not shown very often this season, and they refused to fold down the stretch when Florida took a lead late in the game. The bulldogs lost at Tennessee Wednesday by a score of 79-48, but scored 54 points in the first half against the Gators. This early momentum was a result of "lights out" shooting that propelled Georgia to this much needed (how's that for an understatement?) late season victory. The Dawg's next opponent is Auburn in Athens Wednesday night.


The return of natural materials is in our daily living world. People are tired about artificialness.
A complete collection including the top trend selected veener essences selected from our wood masters, suggesting a precise aestethic vision based on the colors of natural, smoked and design woods to fully exploit the true essence of the material.
We guarantee highest quality raw materials selected by our experts.
We deliver an extraordinary touch experience and a solid wood like sensation.
All our products are finished with water base paintings for a more natural feeling.
Xilia surfaces can meet today's sustainable needs thanks to the CARB2 and FSC certification.


Bikram Yoga, also known as hot yoga, was developed and popularized in the early 1970's by Bikram Choudhury, a 67-year-old yogi and undisputed All-India National Yoga Champion. His method utilizes 26 Hatha postures and two Pranayama breathing exercises, all of which are performed within a 90-minute yoga sequence.
More notable than the time constraint, however, is the high temperature in which Bikram Yoga is practiced: classes are ideally taught in rooms heated to 105°F, with around 40-60 percent humidity. The extreme heat is said to increase the body's flexibility—an important measure to take considering this class works out every muscle, ligament, joint, tendon and organ in the body.
Bikram Choudhury began practicing yoga at age four, winning four National India Yoga Championships by the time he was 16 years old. It is no surprise then that along with developing his own yoga practice, he is also the founder of the Yoga College of India, as well as a celebrated author on the subject. In 2007, the yogi published his most popular book, Bikram Yoga, which delineates each posture in his sequence along with its potential health benefits.
While there were only four Bikram studios in 1994, there are an estimated 1,600 around today, and this isn't the only proof of the discipline's heightened popularity. Along with numerous celebrities, Bikram's clients include US Presidents Reagan, Nixon and Clinton, as well as Britain's Prince Harry.
While some are drawn to Bikram Yoga in admiration of the yogi's lifelong dedication to his craft, the extreme popularity of this particular discipline is likely due to the health benefits arising from it. Similar to the other yoga disciplines, these benefits include improved flexibility, strength, posture and weight loss. However, Bikram Yoga has even more potential for such outcomes because of the high temperature in which it is practiced. Heat causes muscle relaxation and increased circulation, consequently aiding in one's ability to stretch and balance.
Moreover, the substantial amount of sweating that occurs in Bikram classes functions as a sort of detox, cleansing the body of its toxins. According to Dr. Leanna Standish, N.D., Ph.D., Bikram yoga may be used as part of the treatment plan for patients with Hepatitis C, as well as the aftercare plan for chemotherapy patients, for that very reason. While it may not cure any of these diseases, it certainly makes an impact on the mental and physical health of those who practice it. However, it is not advised for everyone. Pregnant women, as well as people with certain health complications, such as a past history of heat strokes, should not partake in this type of yoga.
Wear appropriate clothing—Avoid loose clothes because they retain more heat!
Bring your own yoga mat and towel—Make sure your mat isn't a bacteria breeding ground by cleaning it yourself!
Drink water before and after class—Your body detoxes as you sweat so replenish it with fresh water!
"Prenatal Yoga." Mayo Clinic. www.mayoclinic.com/health/prenatal-yoga/MY01542. Published Jan. 22, 2013. Accessed Sept. 16, 2013.


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Brixie on MSU appointing new president
LANSING — Earlier today, Michigan State University named Samuel Stanley Jr. M.D. as the university's new president, succeeding Satish Udpa, who had been acting-president since January. In response to the news, state Rep. Julie Brixie (D-Meridian Township) issued the following statement:
"I commend the Board of Trustees for a very thorough and thoughtful search process and I'd like to extend a warm welcome to Dr. Samuel Stanley. Dr. Stanley brings a wealth of knowledge and experience to the MSU community as a biomedical researcher with degrees from the University of Chicago and Harvard University, as well as having served as president of Stony Brook University for a decade. I am hopeful he will be successful in leading MSU forward on their continued journey toward healing."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I have 4 original albums. Below are the song words. They are listed in ALBUM TITLES - CLOSER, THE SIMPLE LIFE, ONLY JESUS & My latest release - STRONGEST LOVE.
His love is the strongest love, we can depend on.
The strongest love. There's no giving up with His love, darling. The strongest love.
Lord I need You. I need You.
I need You or my life would be in vain.
Life would be so empty you bless my everyday.
Lord their in Your hands.
Once I was, I was, I was, I was, I was yeah !!
And see each miracle shine down on me?
Each one so unique more than the stars?
Spinning round & round, it never fails?
Each miracle shine down on me? How can I not believe?
We're beautiful. How can I not believe?
It never stops, it never fails? How can I not believe?


text:
Freshman Package
Sophmore Package
Junior Package
Current Prospects
Recent NCAA News
www.espn.com - NCAA
Latest NCAA news from www.espn.com
Women's swim team sues MSU to keep program
Eleven members of Michigan State women's swimming and diving team is suing the university in an attempt to keep their program.
Duke AD White to step down following 13 years
Duke athletic director Kevin White is stepping down in August. The current longest-serving AD in the ACC will leave after 13 years at the school.
Longtime WNBA coach Agler is AD at alma mater
Longtime WNBA coach Brian Agler, who coached Seattle and Los Angeles to league titles, will become vice president and director of athletics and recreation at Division III Wittenberg University, which is his alma mater.
Prosecutors want ex-PSU prez Spanier sent to jail
Pennsylvania prosecutors want a judge to order former Penn State president Graham Spanier to begin serving a county jail sentence for endangering children by the way he responded to a complaint that Jerry Sandusky had attacked a boy on campus.
The Winbush Family
Our family has utilized the Sportz Highlightz services with all three of our children. Our oldest son was attending a junior college and was a member of the football team; however, he was red-shirted the first year. He decided that he wanted to attend a four year university after his first year of junior college. We were told by others that our son was "dead in the water" as far as scholarships were concerned, since he did not have any college film footage.
The only football film that we had on our son was from high school games two years earlier. Sportz Highlightz believed that our son had great potential, and decided to use the high school film to introduce other college coaches to our son's athletic ability. Shortly after Sportz Highlightz distributed film on our son, he received a Division 1 football scholarship offer, which he accepted.
Our second son played football all during high school. During his junior year of high school, we decided to utilize the Sportz Highlightz services again. Our second son received two Division 1 football scholarship offers during his junior year. He accepted the Division 1 scholarship offer from the school of his dreams.
Our third child, a daughter, plays basketball. Once more we opted to utilize the Sportz Highlightz services, and once more we have not been disappointed. Our daughter, a senior in high school, has signed a Division 1 basketball scholarship because of the efforts of Sportz Highlightz.
Sportz Highlightz evaluates each child's individual strengths and weakness and tries to find a college that will be a good fit for each student athlete's abilities. Sportz Highlightz is professional in every sense of the work, dependable, honest and always has the student's best interest at heart. Our family would highly recommend Sportz Highlightz and their services to anyone looking to see what scholarship opportunities might be available for their son or daughter. Not many families can say that they have all their children attending college on athletic scholarships. We are able to say this in large part due to Sportz Highlightz' tireless efforts. They always always believed that they could find the right fit athletically and academically for our children, and Sportz Highlightz did just that.
The Winbush Family of Schertz, Texas
Sherwin, Cynthia, S.W., Zachary, Zenobia
The only football film that we had on our son was from high school games two years earlier. Sportz Highlightz believed that our son had great potential, and decided to use the high school film to introduce other college coaches to our ...Read More
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5 DVD copies of 1 different Sportz Highlight
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Help me lose weight and give me low carb food ideas please! I weigh 172 pounds and my height is 5'5. My goal weight is 150 pounds! Any tips?
Set your calorie goal to "lose 1 lb per week" and then eat that many calories. Choose healthy food. Meat, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, eggs. Lift weights to get leaner and shapelier. That's all there is to it!


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Social Issues Crime Murder Serial Killer
Differences Between Serial Killing and Mass Killing
Dammed was known to have sex with the corpses of his victims, kept body parts f others, and ate some of the parts as well. Eventually, Dammed was sentenced to 15 consecutive life terms and was killed in prison in 1994.. Television programs have also increased people's fascination with serial and mass murderers by creating documentaries and mini series about them. Many popular actresses and actors who play serial and mass killers in movies unfortunately infuse these murderers with humanity and attraction (Fox & Levin, 2005).
In this unit we look at the differences between serial killing and mass killing and investigate some of the motives that are Enid the predominantly white middle class males who commit some of the most gruesome and legendary volume killing of other humans. Our Fascination with Murder Due to our increasingly morbid fascination with mass and serial murderers, a commercial market has been created with endless capabilities.
After Gary Ridgeway (Green River Killer) was discovered to have killed over 48 prostitutes in Seattle, admirers were eager to purchase Green River Killer merchandise on eBay, which included blood stained t-shirts, coffee mugs from his previous employer, and a business card. The majority of Ridgeway victims were buried underneath his home in Chicago. He was executed in 1994. John Wayne Gay, also known as The Killer Clown, grossed $100,000 off of artwork he created after he was convicted of killing 33 teen boys in Illinois.
In addition to a market that has been founded on the increasing appeal of murderers, so-called "Killer Groupies" have formed as well. Due to the fact that the media has fashioned killers as celebrities, some groupies (mostly women) are highly attracted to the murderer's controlling and manipulative personality. For example, Richard Ramirez, also referred to as The Night Stalker who killed 13 people, married an obsessed groupie and Journalist, Doreen Lily, in 1996 while he was awaiting execution in California. Lily vowed to commit suicide the day he was executed but Ramirez died of liver failure while on death row in 2013 (Diamond, 2013).
Although it does not make sense that these groupies would fall in love with individual's that have raped, tortured, and killed innocent victims, there are some who believe that the killer is a victim of injustice. Whereas, others attempt to trace he groupie's attraction to a murderer as their need to recreate a cruel relationship, similar to the one they had with their fathers (Fox & Levin, 2005). In general the groupie's appeal to a killer is similar to those who are obsessed with other celebrities such as Ben Fleck or Jennifer Anions.
However, murderers are much more assessable than other celebrities, thus the "killer groupie" has a higher probability to achieve success with them. The impact of celebrating murderers is destructive on the families of murder victim's. From the victim's point of view, the romanticizes, lowercasing, and sanitized image of a killer only adds insult to injury (Fox & Levin, 2005). Moreover, serial killers are now seeking out attention from the media in efforts to gain a celebrity status. For example, Ted Bundy enjoyed the media's obsession with him and constantly contacted the press even after the Judge tried to limit his ability to.
Likewise, John Wayne Gay bragged that he was the product of 42 books, 2 screenplays, and 1 movie. Correspondingly, the media is generally responsible for creating the serial killers identity and they are a vital component in the construction f the serial killer category (Hagglers, 2009). Overall, it is essential that law enforcement personnel involved in serial or mass murder investigations implement an effective media plan that provides the public with timely information without hindering their investigation.
Consequently, the FBI recommends that a Public Information Officer (POI) be appointed to speak on the behalf of the investigation and facilitate a cooperative relationship between them and the media; otherwise the media could publish unauthorized information and inadvertently hinder the investigation (Beekeeper et al. , 2013). Defining Mass, Serial, & Spree Murders There is a great deal of misunderstanding concerning mass murder as well as serial murder. Until the sass's all instances of multiple murder were referred to as mass killings.
The terms "spree" and "serial" were rarely used and they were not technical terms used to describe specific classifications of homicide. However, the FBI Behavioral Sciences Unit defined mass killing (massacres) as homicides involving the murder of four or more victims in a single episode, although some prefer to use a three-victim threshold (Fox & Levin, 2005). Repeat murderers were next classified as either serial or spree killers based on whether or not the offender takes a break in between attacks.
A serial killer may continue to kill over long periods of time while trying to maintain a normal life. Alternatively, a spree killer is defined as a person who launches quick attacks over a period of several days, wherein most of their violence is planned in efforts to avoid capture by the police. Therefore, the typical classification of a mass killer has 4 or more victims in a single episode, a spree killer has 2 or more victims over a short period of time, and a serial killer comprises of 3 or ore victims with no time limit constraints (Fox & Levin, 2005).
Mass Murder Holmes and Holmes define mass murder as the killing of three or more persons, at one time and in one place. There are three components to this definition and three appears to be the base line number of victims. The one time and one place component of the definition does not mean that someone can murder two individuals and then move down the street and kill two more without it being a mass killing. Instead the requirement actually means that there is no "cooling off' period in between the killings like there would be in a serial killing.
Supplementary researchers conclude that the definition of mass murder should take into consideration the number of victims, the location of the murders, the time of the murders, and the distance between the murder locations. They also claim that the components of this definition are important in order to distinguish mass, serial, and spree murder. On the other hand, Dietz defines mass murder as an offense in which a single offender, in a single incident, intentionally kills multiple victims.
Dietz makes this definition operational by defining a single incident offense as occurring within a 4-hour period and ignores the specific location(s) component when attempting to define mass murder. While some definitions of mass murder set the minimum number of victims at three, others use four as the minimum (Dietz 1986). The concern regarding number of victim requirements becomes highly complicated when the number of injured victims is factored into the definition as well. If only 2 people are killed and 30 are victims of serious injury, is this not also a mass murder (massacre) (Holmes & Holmes, 1998)?
Therefore, it is arbitrary to set specific number requirements when trying to define a particular incident. Consequently it is a meaningless distraction rather than a useful distinction. Serial Murder According to Hagglers, a serial killer is someone who has killed more than three strangers in addition to a "cooling off' period where the killer takes breaks in between each killing. This definition has been accepted by the police and academics, however it presents a problem because it also includes scenarios, which many would not define as serial murders.
These instances encompass dictators who engage in a sequence of murders as well as soldiers who kill enemy opponents. Also an additional lacuna within the definition includes its lack of ability to account for attributes of serial killing such as, reoccurring patterns that are easily recognizable (Hagglers, 2009). Dietz argues that serial killers differ from regular murderers because the victims of serial killers are more often strangled, beaten, knifed, rather than shot with a gun. However, this is not found within the definition of a serial killer.
The majority of serial murder definitions require a period of time between the murders. This break between the murders component is necessary to distinguish teen a mass murderer and a serial murderer. As previously mentioned a serial murder requires a temporal separation between the different murders, which was described as a "cooling off' period, separate occasion, or an emotional cooling off period. Nevertheless, academics still disagree regarding the number of victim requirement in order to constitute a serial killer, although the figure is subjective.
In efforts to clear up the controversial definitions of a serial killer, Congress tried to formalize a definition in the Protection of Children From Sexual Predator Act of 1998 The term 'serial killings' means a series of three or more killings, not less than one of which was committed within the United States, having common characteristics such as to suggest the reasonable possibility that the crimes were committed by the same actor or actors. " The purpose of this definition was to establish criteria that would assist the FBI with their investigations of serial murder cases, not a general definition for serial murder.
Therefore one can conclude that academics and researchers are more concerned with establishing a highly specific definition than the lawmakers are (FBI). While the probability of people killing others in a consecutive fashion is not overlooked, it was not possible to be a serial killer 50 years ago due to the fact that it is a relatively modern term used to define individuals who kill at the least three people while taking significant breaks in between each killing episode. Furthermore, the study of serial murders is a somewhat new academic and scientific effort.
Researchers were not interested in serial killing until the middle of the sass's when Dir. Donald Lund first coined the term "serial murder" within his research (Holmes & Holmes, 1998). Significant Differences Between Mass Murderers and Serial Kill Traditionally, mass murderers take their own life or place themselves in a POS where the police are forced to take lethal action after they have conducted the murder. Serial killers on the other hand go to great lengths to avoid detection attempt to continue their reign of murdering.
Additionally, community reaction while mass murderers receive short-lived media attention, serial killers plague community where the offender is active and the community lives in constant f until the suspect is apprehended. Another distinction between serial and ma leers includes that serial killers generate social paranoia while mass murder not. This was evident in Seattle, Washington when a serial killer known as the River Killer or Gary Leon Ridgeway, murdered numerous women over a long pee time without being captured.
Additionally, mass murderers generally present clues that their mental health impaired whilst serial killers do not. Serial murderers imitate their ideal of no because they strive to appear as ordinary law-abiding citizens in efforts to VA capture for as long as possible (Holmes & Holmes, 1992). Furthermore, Sourest cuisses two different types of social behavior known as front stage and back The front stage is public and displayed to others while the back stage is only something the victim sees. The front stage pertaining to mass murderers is w they display signs of anger, rage, hatred, and hostility to the public.
In occurred front stage mass murderers, close associates to the mass murderer will after tragic incident feel guilty that they did not react to the red flag(s) before the o carried out their attack. Contradictory, serial killers embody a different front s persona whereby they typically show no signs of abnormality before and fate eve engaged in a killing. Lastly, mass murderers traditionally have no intent to kill again unless he/she revenge or mercenary type of mass killer; hence they usually take their own II place themselves in a position where the police take their life.
Serial killers on other hand differ from mass murderers because research of over 400 cases o killers shows that there is overwhelming evidence that serial murderers do n to be apprehended otherwise they could not continue killing (Holmes & Holm 1998). Not only is there a difference between a mass murderer and a serial m he motivation between different mass murderers can be used as a classification Specifically, serial killers usually identify a certain trait within them that impel to kill, whereas in mass murderers this phenomenon does not appear to be try Additionally the perceived rewards can vary greatly.
These rewards range fro revenge upon the victim to monetary gain, however the results are the same the lives of numerous people are taken. Whether or not the anticipate reward psychological or instrumental it is an important consideration when trying to and explain the motives of the offender. Typology of Mass Murderers Mass murder is fortunately a rare offense. According to Dude, there have bee mass killing incidents in the United States between 1900 and 1999, which NV 1 , 186 victims and 24% of offenders were strangers to their victims (2007).
Nevertheless, some research suggests that mass murder was non-existent UN sass's because the prevalence of mass public shootings that capture the Tate the public has increased in frequency since the sass's. From 1900 to 19 only 21 mass public shootings, but from 1966 to 1999 there were 95. The exact etiology (cause or origin of an abnormal condition) of a mass serial killer is unclear. However, Dietz has categorizes various types of murderers which include the disciple, family annihilator, pseudopodia set & run killer (1986).
The disciple type of mass murderer follows the c charismatic leader. Traditionally these mass murderers follow the direct leader and fulfill their request because they want acceptance. Physiology expressive gain is paramount while revenge, sex, or money is complete Generally disciple killers only kill upon the request of a leader with no p victim(s) in mind. Leslie Van Hooted, a former high school cheerleader people under the direction of Charles Manson is an example of a disciple An alternative type of mass murder is known as the family annihilator. Oilier is the most common and it is someone who murders their entire f including their self, in a single event (sometimes even the family pet) an times the oldest male in the household. Generally this person is depress dependent, and/or abusive. Next there is the pseudonymous mass is equipped with weaponry such as assault weapons, machine guns, an grenades. Moreover, this type of killer engages in careful planning beef commit their offense (Dietz, 1986). Additional classifications of mass murderers includes the disgruntle me hypes of mass murderers have been dismissed or placed under some of from their company.
A disgruntled employee retaliates by returning to t where he/she was a valued employee and attempts to kill those who ha him/her. The victims of disgruntled employees are not randomly select once inside the planned location the murderer will shoot anyone who h there. Lastly, the set-and-run killer is different from the other categories these killers attempt to flee the scene so that they can escape capture. Murderer will build a time bomb, set arson fires, or poison food so they the premises before the explosion or death (Dietz, 1986).
Legislation an Massacres More than 220 incidents of mass killings have taken place in the United 2006. That figure averages out to approximately one every two weeks. T alarming and the debate concerning gun control policies and stricter b checks is more prevalent than ever. Dissimilar to ten states plus D. C. , T not require a waiting period to buy a firearm nor does Texas require GU register their firearm(s). However, federal law is similar to Texas because provide a waiting period to purchase a firearm.
Under the National Insist Background Check System (NICK), a dealer can transfer the firearm as s he passes the background check. Nevertheless, if the FBI is unable to c background check within 3 business days, the dealer may complete the default, which could potentially be problematic. A Gallup poll conducted after the most recent mass shooting at the Wash Yard revealed that Americans blame mental health systems for mass shoo inadequate gun laws (US politicians seem unwilling to prevent gun violence On September 16, 2013, Aaron Alexis, a former Ana reservist killed 12 Poe the police swarmed the facility and shot him.
Alexis carried out his attack f atrium overlooking an area where the employees ate breakfast. He shot d victims while possessing 3 weapons. The weapons found on him included shotgun, and a semi-automatic pistol. It was later known that Alexis had co the Department of Veterans Affairs for mental illness as recent as August ( 2013). Given the relationship between mental illness and mass violence it improving gun laws is not the answer. Instead providing mental health trait those who work in our schools and communities could give them the tools to identify warning signs before the massacre takes place.
Similar to Choc, Lana the Newton Con. Mass shooter displayed signs of mental illness t other and even though she was concerned about his behavior neither SSH anyone else anticipated him killing 20 children in addition to 6 adults. How signs of mental illness are generally not obvious until after the blood has s politicians seem unwilling to prevent gun violence, 2013). James Holmes – Colorado Mass Killing On July 20, 2012, James Egan Holmes (24 years-old) opened fire in a movie t Aurora, Colorado killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.
Three months pr attack he supposedly told fellow classmates that he planned to kill people of these warnings, including him being under the care of a psychiatrist who e was dangerous, stopped him from purchasing firearms. Holmes was ROR born in San Diego, California and graduated with a bachelor's degree with highest honors in neuroscience in 2010 from the University of California Ri began to pursue his graduate degree from the University of Colorado but f important exams in June, a month afore the shooting and subsequently WI from the program without giving a reason.
Holmes purchased three of the four guns legally at a Colorado gun store b May 22 and July 6, 2012. The guns included a Clock pistol from a Gander M store in Aurora, another Clock, a shotgun from Bass Pro Shop in Denver, an assault rifle AR-1 5 from a Gander Mountain store in Thornton, Colorado. M he spent months stockpiling thousands of bullets and ballistic gear without any red flags because there is no restriction on the sale of bullets in the U States, except for armor-piercing rounds which can only be purchased by enforcement.
During the shooting the police allege that Holmes was dress wore a ballistic helmet and vest (obtained off EBay), protective leggings, gar throat protectors, and a gas mask. A federal law enforcement agent report Holmes spent $1 5,000 strengthening his arsenal online. Lastly, Holmes acquired explosive material and equipment to booby-trap hi apartment that took law enforcement numerous days to dismantle. The boo comprised of homemade napalm, termite, gasoline, smokeless gun power bullets, and a remote controlled car which he set up prior to the shooting theater.
What was discovered inside Holmes' apartment was a trip-wire ATT from the door to a thermos filled with glycerin, perched on a 45 degree over a frying pan filled with potassium permanganate, in which the combination of these two chemicals would trigger fire and heat. The floor was also doused with ammonia hollered as well as copious smoke that if ignited would set off a huge explosion. Lastly, agents uncovered a pyrotechnic box with six-inch firework shells attached to a number of black balls filled with gunpowder, gas, and oil on top of the fridge.
It was later found out that Holmes had placed a detonator to set off the pyrotechnic box outside his apartment and next to the dumpster and a boom box. Holmes later told authorities that his plan was to draw his neighbors and police to the devices by playing loud music hoping that someone would fiddle with the device and detonate the explosive inside. Ultimately the FBI and law enforcement agents spent 36 hours attempting to identify and clear Holmes' apartment (Plisse, 2013).
Thus, premeditation is evident in this case because he spent months acquiring weapons, ammunition, and gear for his attack during the premiere of The Dark Knight Rises. In total, more than 120 officers were dispatched to the movie theater shooting as well as 1,000 detectives, numerous federal and local police officers, and forensic personnel. Holmes was charged with 142 counts including 2 counts of first-degree murder for each of the twelve people who were killed at the movie theater. Aside from the murder charges, Holmes was charged with 116 counts of criminal intent to commit murder and one count of illegally possessing an explosive device.
In November of 2012, Holmes was taken to a psychiatric ward because he was a danger to himself. The Huffing Post reported that he stood on his bed and fell backwards trying to crack his head open and then followed this by running headfirst into his Jail cell wall. Holmes also tried to stick a staple into a wall socket while placed in an interrogation room. In January of 2013, a Judge ruled that there was enough evidence to try Holmes on all of the 142 charges. Then in March, Holmes entered a plea of not guilty but that changed in May to not guilty by reason of insanity and he underwent mental health evaluation.
As of now, Holmes' court date is scheduled for February 3, 2014 and the judge has set four months aside for this trial and will summons over 5,000 Jurors in an attempt to find individuals who will be fair and impartial ("The case so," 2013). Swung-Huh Choc According to Culled, mass murderers share similar tendencies concerning gender, behavior, and mentality. The Secret Service in 2002 analyzed every school shooter over a 26-year period and their results confirmed this finding. Within this cohort, all of the school shooters were male and 81% warned someone overtly that they were going to engage in this type of behavior.
Additionally, 98% of the offenders studied have previously experienced a significant failure or loss while 93% planned the attack in advance. On April 16, 2007, Swung-Huh Choc killed 32 people and then himself on the Virginia Tech campus in Blackburn, Virginia, making the school the site of the deadliest mass shooing in United States history. Choc began his attack at 7:AMA on the third floor of his dorm and shot one female and one male and then returned to his dorm room to hanged clothing.
Additionally, Choc had a package prepared to mail to NBC that contained photographs of him holding weapons, videos, a manifesto, which he mailed after shooting two people in the dorm and before shooting 30 people on the campus of Virginia Tech. Prior to the attack, Choc engage in careful planning due too Virginia Law that limited handgun purchases to only one per 30-day time frame. Therefore, Choc purchased his first gun on February 9, 2007, his second gun on March 13, 2007, multiple magazines, and practiced ammunition over a ten-day timeshare in March 2007.
In total Choc had acquired almost 400 bullets when he began his massacre. (McCrea, 2013). Prior to the tragic incident, Choc was born in Korea in 1984 with a heart murmur that caused him trauma by the age of three. From that point on, Choc did not like to be touched and was perceived as medically frail. Choc did not have many acquaintances and he was extremely quiet. Then in 1992 (age 8) Coho's family moved to the United States in an attempt to pursue educational opportunities for their children. Since Choc was unfamiliar with the English language the transition to the United States was difficult, which made him feel isolated.
Although Choc would rarely talk with his sister, communication was a big concern of his family as well as teachers. Coho's father, having a quiet nature himself, was slightly more accepting of his son's introspective and withdrawn personality, but he was stern on matters of respect. His mother and sister on the other hand would ask how he was doing in school, trying to explore the possibility of bullying, even though his sister knew that when he walked down school hallways a few students sometimes would yell taunts at him.
In 1999, Coho's first year of high school the teachers were quick to notice his absence f communication skills. Aside from his inability to complete sentences, Coho's grade achievements were higher than average and he nodded yes when asked if he would like to receive help communicating. Consequently, Choc was asked whether or not he had ever received any mental health or special assistance and he responded no even though he received assistance previously. Coho's situation was brought before Westfield Screening Committee on October 25, 2000, for evaluation to determine if he required special education accommodations.
Federal law requires that schools receiving federal funding enable children with capabilities to learn in the least restrictive environment and to be mainstreamed in classrooms. The testing uncovered that Choc required special educational needs and enrolled him into an Individualized Educational Plan that led to a high degree of academic success. The high school that he attended was responsible in reducing the possibility of severe deterioration in Coho's functioning. Moreover, there was coordination between the school, therapist, and psychiatrist who were treating Choc, which ultimately played a role in his ability to graduate from high school.
In August of 2003, Choc began classes at Virginia Tech as a business information technology major, however it was during his sophomore year when he switched to major to English. His wish to alter majors is surprising considering he did the poorly in English class in high school and he disliked communicating in words. Nevertheless, Choc revealed the reason why he was interested in English in an email to a poetry teacher he had the previous semester. In the email Choc wrote " I was in your poetry class last semester, and I remember you talking about the books you published.
I am looking for a publisher to submit my novel… Was Just wondering if you know a lot of publishers or agents or if you have a good connection with them. " The poetry teacher responded and suggested that he enroll in additional creative writing classes. Subsequently, Choc continued to engross himself with information concerning writing and received a rejection letter after submitting his novel outline to a New York Publishing house. During Coho's Junior year, three female dorm residents reported problems from unwanted attention from Choc, which included Backbone messages, text messages, and instant messages.
Due to this event, Choc was later placed under the care of Cook Counseling Center for a brief period of time in 2005 but was release after telling a judge that he wasn't going to kill himself. Post hospitalizing, Choc created writings that alarmed one of his teachers, however this worry never resulted in anything significant or raised a red flag. Within the writing, Choc stated, "I'm nothing. I'm a loser. I can't do anything. I was going to kill every god damn person in this damn school, swear to god I was".
One year prior to the mass shooting, Choc encountered the attention of another English teacher because he never spoke up during class and his work was not satisfactory. Then for the first time Choc unambiguously declined his offer to drop the class, which stunned the teacher. From Coho's awkward shyness, inability to communicate, obsession with females in the dorm, and dark writings that included a passage that many would consider alarming, it is unfortunate that no one ever put the pieces together that could have prevented this horrific incident (Virginia. Ova, n. D. ). Regrettably many of the red flags demonstrated by Choc were not realized and consequently many university administrators and mental health counselors across the country are reexamining their potential to identify and treat mentally ill students in attempt to prevent incidents similar to this in the future without infringing on their individual rights. However, this is a challenging task because the university has to abide by privacy laws that prohibit them from contacting parents unless the child is a clear threat to themselves or others.
Moreover, universities have been sued for kicking students out of the school that were suicidal and have been sued for not preventing suicides. Thus it is a double edge sworn that requires the university to walk a fine line. (Shuts & Compare, 2007). Typology of Serial Killers The true extent of serial murders is unknown, while some believe there are as many as 35 serial killers active in the United States this figure completely neglects the fact that the majority of serial killers are unknown to the police and public therefore the true number is indefinite and will remain that way (Holmes & Holmes, 1998).
Additionally, there is this inaccurate acceptance that all serial killers are similar and that they kill for the same reason: sexual pleasure. However, this could not be farther from the truth because there are many different typologies of serial killers as well as ass murderers. The central element of serial murder is repetitive killings that will not cease unless they are prevented by apprehension. Serial murders are typically one-on-one (offender and victim), rarely occur between two individuals that are familiar with each other, and serial killers are motivated to kill without the presence of victim wrongdoing.
Contrasting traditional homicide data, the majority of serial killers are between 25 and 35 years of age and the victim age varies tremendously. Moreover, the victims of serial murders are almost always female and most offenders are male. Overwhelmingly, white males carry out serial killing on white female victims and the murder involves the killing of suitable strangers that have not given the killer a reason to harm them (Holmes & Holmes, 1998). Although female serial killers are rare, their victims are traditionally someone that they know and often times that victim is dependent upon the offender.
According to the FBI, Aileen Wrongs, a Florida prostitute known for killing seven "Johns" has been identified as the first female serial killer in 1989 (Fox & Levin, 2005). After Aileen voluntarily ended her appeals she was executed in 2002. However, many academics claim that Aileen Wrongs has erroneously been identified as the first female serial killer; instead Sally Skull also known as the Black Widow who killed numerous husbands of hers after they were no longer beneficial to her between 1821 and 1867 is the true first female serial killer.
Thus, in contrast to male serial killers, females usually murder individuals that they know either in their personal life or through their career (Holmes & Holmes, 1998). Various categories of serial killers exist and according to Holmes and Debugger they include the visionary, mission-oriented, tendonitis, and power/control serial killer. The mind-set of a visionary killers is psychotic and suffers from a sever break from reality in which an inner voice is commanding them to kill. On the other hand, the mission-oriented killer is not psychotic and assumes the responsibility to remove individuals he or she views as undesirable people.
These unwanted people could include prostitutes, homosexuals, certain religious individuals or people of a different race. Next, the hedonistic killer includes three different subtypes of killers and they include the lust, thrill, and comfort killer. A lust or thrill hedonistic killer have established a connection between personal violence and sexual gratification, while a lust killer could possibly engage in necrophilia (sexual attraction to a corpse), the thrill killer would want to keep the victim alive in order to gain pleasure from the terror they are causing.
Then, the comfort killer engages in murder in an attempt to receive materialistic gains such as money from a life insurance policy. The fourth and final type of serial killer is the power/control killer and they desire to possess complete domination over the victim. Gary Leon Ridgeway Gary Leon Ridgeway: Born February 18th 1949 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Gary did not graduate high school until he was 20 years old due to his low intelligence. He enlisted in the Navy and married his high school sweetheart in 1969 (but was known to solicit prostitutes while overseas).
At some point Ridgeway contracted generator from a prostitute and his first marriage ended in divorce. Soon afterwards he married his second wife and they had a son together named Matthew. Wives, lovers and prostitutes of Ridgeway claimed that he had an insatiable sexual appetite and would require them to engage in intercourse multiple times a day and/or in public laces. In 1980 Ridgeway was charged with choking a prostitute. The following year his second marriage ended in divorce.
On July 1 5th, 1982 in Seattle, Agar's first confirmed victim Wendy Coiffed was found dead in the Green River. Wendy was homeless and known to engage in prostitution frequently. All of his victims were females and the majority were prostitutes. In 1982, a total of 16 women (later known to be victims of Gary Ridgeway) went missing. 6 bodies, including Wendy Subfield's were discovered near or in the Green River that same year. Ridgeway came to the attention of the
"Stone Cold" by Robert Swindells
Theodore Robert Bundy – Serial Killer
Differences Between Serial Killing and Mass Killing. (2018, Jan 26). Retrieved from https://graduateway.com/serial-killers/
Differences Between Mass Marketing and Niche Marketing
Mass Distribution and Mass Promotion of Parle-G
Serial Killers – Correlation Between Behavior and Aggression
Mass Media Between Hans-Magnus Enzensberger and Jean Baudrillard Sample
Killing vs. Letting Die: Trolley Problem
The Right to Life: Mercy Killing
Ethical Killing in The Hunger Games
Persuasive Speech Outline: Slow Earth Killing
Killing People by the Military in a Military Unit


They can be benedict or quiche, strata or migas, deviled or meringue or egg salad. You can even drop them into soup.
Eggs are delightful for breakfast, of course, and casually decadent for dinner. But the meal at which they reach their fullest potential would have to be brunch. When served at brunch, eggs dress up in their Sunday best. It is when they are at their most elegant and are most eager to please and impress.
Brunch eggs take a little more effort than a couple of Tuesday morning eggs over easy served with a side of toast and a cup of coffee. But brunch is for guests, and guests will appreciate the extra time and care you took to prepare them.
They don't need to know how much of the work was done in advance.
The first dish I made for an egg-filled brunch was a shakshuka, and to be perfectly honest I decided to focus on eggs this week because I wanted to make shakshuka. This is a dish I encountered several years ago in an Israeli cookbook. I saw a photograph of it, and I was instantly hooked. It was like falling in love; it was one of those moments that changes you forever — or at least as much as you can be changed by eggs poached in a tomato sauce.
It is the intensely flavored sauce that makes shakshuka so special. Tomatoes are cooked with paprika, cumin, caraway seeds and turmeric, given a sweet and sour kick with honey and vinegar and then mixed with feta cheese and chopped greens. I made mine fiery hot, which is traditional, but you could easily dial down the heat if you like. A poached egg on top is the perfect accompaniment; when the runny yolk hits the tomato sauce it is the equivalent of culinary paradise.
Shakshuka originated in Northern Africa but is especially popular in nearby Israel, where some restaurants keep pans of the hot tomato sauce at the ready. The sauce can easily be frozen, so you can keep it on hand for whenever you get the urge. You may end up making it every week.
I next made an egg strata, which is precisely the sort of dish they invented brunch for. It's bread soaked with eggs, milk and cheese, baked until it puffs up all creamy and delicious. I topped mine with bacon (I used turkey bacon — it's half the cost and two-thirds the calories of regular bacon) and asparagus.
Egg stratas are so irresistible because, at their core, they are really just thick, savory portions of French toast. Like French toast, they do better when you use bread that is slightly stale (mine was fresh, but I cut it into cubes a couple of hours before making the dish and that worked fine). The longer you can soak the bread in the eggs and milk, the better it will taste. I soaked mine overnight, which was ideal — both for the flavor and for the ease of preparing it the next day.
All I had to do in the morning was put it in the oven and sit back to enjoy the aroma while it baked.
For a true indulgent treat, I made baked eggs. At first glance, baked eggs would appear to be nothing more than eggs that have been baked in an oven. But what makes them so deliciously special are the other ingredients you add to them.
Following the French origins of the dish, I made mine with Roquefort cheese, walnuts and heavy cream (the French call this dish oeuf cocotte au Roquefort). The baked eggs are a little creamy in texture to begin with, and they only become more special with the addition of the heavy cream and salty, pungent cheese. The walnuts bring a crunch but also a bit of an earthy counterpoint to all the other richness.
And this dish is most certainly rich. You won't want to serve more than one per person. On the other hand, you also won't want to serve less.
I next pointed my kitchen toward Iran for a famous Persian dish, fresh herb kuku. A kuku is like a less eggy version of a frittata, and herb kukus are traditionally served on the Iranian New Year. They can be served hot, cold or at room temperature and are great any way.
The kuku I made packs a huge amount of herbs and greens into a dish with relatively little egg. To help bind it together, it uses a mashed potato, which is brilliant.
Because of the high herb-to-egg ratio and the baking powder, the kuku is almost spongy in texture. But the taste of the herbs isn't overpowering because the bulk of them is relatively mild parsley. Often served in Iran as a side dish, this kuku is pleasant and quite delightful.
I saved dessert for last. Brunch eggs can be sweet as well as savory, so I made a German dish that is a wonderful combination of two French dishes: omelets and soufflés.
An omelet soufflé — a Schaumomelett — mixes the beaten egg yolks of a standard omelet with the whipped egg whites of a soufflé. When heated on the stove, this mixture cooks into a dish that is ethereally light and delicious. It has lemon zest in it for added flavor and a bit of sugar for sweetness. But the real genius of the dish comes once you take it off the stove.
Before you fold the omelet over, you first smear the inside with jam or a fruit spread. Suddenly, what was once an omelet becomes something more: a crepe with delusions of grandeur, perhaps.
Whatever it is, it's fluffy. It's sweet. It's superb. It is an egg that is more than an egg.
What's the trick? Savvy vegan and dairy-averse cooks have myriad substitutions when recipes call for eggs: Everything from tofu to bananas to applesauce can work in place of eggs for various dishes. Here is a DIY alternative to the alternatives, including store-bought egg substitutes.
In place of 1 egg: Beat until smooth: 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour, 1/2 teaspoon oil, 1/2 teaspoon baking powder, 2 tablespoons milk, cream, buttermilk, yogurt, coconut milk, soy milk or other liquid.
Heat oven to 350 degrees. Break eggs into a large bowl. Add baking powder, salt and pepper. Beat with a fork. Add garlic, chives, parsley, cilantro, dill and mashed potato or flour, and mix together thoroughly. Place butter or oil in an 8-inch ovenproof baking dish or skillet and put dish in the oven for 10 to 15 minutes. Pour in the egg mixture and bake uncovered for 30 minutes or until a light golden brown. Serve from the baking dish or a platter. Cut into small pieces and serve hot or cold. Serves 6.
Per serving: 162 calories, 10 g fat, 2 g saturated fat, 186 mg cholesterol, 8 g protein, 12 g carbohydrates, 1 g sugar, 1 g fiber, 549 mg sodium.
Source: Adapted from "New Food of Life; Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies," by Najmieh Batmanglij.
Heat oven to 400 degrees. Put on a pot of water to boil. Season the heavy cream with nutmeg, salt and pepper. Butter 6 individual ramekins and break an egg into each one, taking care not to break the yolk. Add a few walnut kernels and chunks of Roquefort cheese to each ramekin, then pour the cream to fill each ramekin. Place the ramekins in a baking dish and place the dish in the oven near the front (do not close the door). Quickly add boiling water to the baking dish until it rises halfway up the side of the ramekins — be careful not to splash water into the ramekins. Close the oven door and bake until the eggs are as you like them, about 12 to 15 minutes. Serves 6.
Per serving: 527 calories, 51 g fat, 24 g saturated fat, 308 mg cholesterol, 14 g protein, 6 g carbohydrates, 3 g sugar, 1 g fiber, 358 mg sodium.
Source: Adapted from "French Feasts," by Stéphane Reynaud.
Beat egg yolks with sugar, a dash of salt and grated lemon rind. Beat egg whites to soft peaks and gently fold into yolk mixture. Melt butter in a 9-inch skillet over medium heat, and add egg mixture. Cook slowly until bottom of omelet is golden brown. You may cover pan until top of omelet is thoroughly cooked or you may serve it with the top slightly runny, as with a regular French omelet. You may also turn it over if you want it browned on both sides. Spread with fruit sauce or preserves (apricot, strawberry or raspberry preserves are especially good with this). Fold in half and serve. Serves 4.
Per serving: 110 calories, 6 g fat, 3 g saturated fat, 188 mg cholesterol, 6 g protein, 7 g carbohydrates, 7 g sugar, no fiber, 102 mg sodium.


Hello readers, I hope you are now all filled full of good cheer and conviviality, have made (and broken) your New Year's resolutions and are ready to get the old noses back to the grindstone. As a reward for working through Christmas, I have taken almost all of January off to visit with my mother - well, in a way, that's hard work too, but then, someone's got to do it!
Storm clouds are raging on both sides of the Atlantic - much worse in the USA than here in Britain,and I won't be sorry to go into a bit of sunshine and get away from the greyness of it all.
I think one can tell by the pieces that came off the work table this week, that I am in pre holiday mode. I picked a playful lampwork glass bead and encircled it with woven wire - the result, when I had finished embellishing it reminded me of the Cirque du Soleil - a trapeze act! - I'm not sure I was aiming for that effect when I started out - but the bead is so colourful and fun, I should have known it straight away - perhaps even when I bought the bead at the Newmarket bead fair.
The Cirque du Soleil is a contemporary artistic spectacular circus, conceived in Montreal. The music, costumes and atmosphere are fantastical, and the best part, for me, is the absence of animals. The Big Top is almost out of a child's dream, well heated and comfortable - and the whole experience resembles an evening at the theatre.
Once I had this fun and fantastical piece ready, I couldn't decide whether I should just call it a day and put it on a ribbon as a pendant, but in the end, decided to go all the way (is there any other??) and make an exuberant necklace to go with it.
Once they'd been buffed to a high shine, it was time to put them into this fantastical necklace which until then, existed as a tiny speck in the deepest darkest recesses of my mind - and, exuberant it is! More fun than a barrel of monkeys! I think it is fabulous as a daytime necklace with jeans and a jacket, but will be equally nice in the neckline of a simple neutral coloured dress.
Mike bought me a few tutorials for Christmas - he knows I love my wire work, but this one looked so complicated, I almost didn't know where to start, or even whether I should! One dark cold evening, I decided to get on with it - and my instincts weren't wrong - though the tutorial was easy to follow, the bracelet was hard work - it took well over three evenings to make, and my fingers were sore, my knuckles grazed and bleeding (Ok, no more self pity!) - but, I think you will agree that the bracelet is stunning. The tutorial came from Indonesia, and I called the piece the Balinese dancer.
I must have overplayed the whingeing 'oh me, oh my poor hands' bit, because someone on Facebook asked me if the wooden hands I used as a display aid were my own, after I had made the bracelet! In actual fact, after the last couple of wire pieces I made, my hands do look as rough as a bear's bottom. They need some pampering - a manicure is definitely in order, and I am going to exactly the right place for one!
There, Iv'e gone and done it now - a week before I was planning to travel, my friend from school, OT, said I ought to have an exhibition - one that I had been planning previously, fell through for unforeseeable reasons, and I had resigned myself to a quiet holiday - however, OT sent me a list of venues, and was so positive about it, I went online, found a venue and set the ball rolling. My friend Neelam Modi of Look in The Bag used to be the Art Director of an advertising agency, and she made this one up for me, off the top of her head - isn't she clever?? - I'd shop with Caprilicious Jewellery if this dropped through my postbox!!
Anyway readers, keep everything crossed for me - I have packed a lot of my jewellery, and will of course share my experiences and photographs with you - I have to get to India, with all my jewellery intact first! The next time you hear from me, I shall be in a warm place, typing away on my android.
I absolutely love the trapeze necklace. It really does make a statement!