text:
\section{Introduction}

\vspace{0.5cm}

Recent astrophysical observations of distant galaxy
distributions \cite{Broad},\cite{Geller} and the cosmic
microwave background \cite{COBE} have revealed a quite
astonishing picture of the universe.
{}From the survey of relatively near galaxies, the void structure
(the Great Wall) was discovered,\cite{Geller} and from the
pencil-beam survey of galaxies, the quasi-periodic distributions
(of period about $130Mpc$) were inferred.\cite{Broad}  The
data from COBE, on the other hand, have revealed extremely
isotropic and homogeneous distribution of the $2.7\ K$ cosmic
microwave background with fluctuations of order
$10^{-5}$.\cite{COBE} In general, it is very difficult to
explain how these anistopic and inhomogeneous large-scale
structures of the universe have developed
from such an isotropic and homogeneous distribution of matter
in the early stage of the universe.  The
standard solution to this difficulty totally relies on
the existence of dark matter which
accounts for more than 90\% of matter in the universe.
The evidence for dark matter was first claimed in order to
explain the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies.
Since there is no established direct observation
of dark matter, however,
there are many attempts to explain the rotation curves
without dark matter by modifying
the Newtonian force \cite{Sanders} or by modifying the Newton's
second force law.\cite{Milgrom},\cite{Kent}
Other people have tried to derive such modified Newtonian
force laws from the framework of general relativity.
\cite{Brans}\cite{Fujii}\cite{Mannheim}\cite{Ours} \\

In a previous paper,\cite{Ours} we attempted to explain not
only the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies but also
the large-scale structure of the universe, starting
from a simple model with the addition of a
quadratic scalar curvature term to the
Einstein action.
Our generalized action could qualitatively explain the
flatness of the rotation curves and the nearly periodic
galaxy distributions.
However, it turned out that our
theory does not imply the unity of the coefficient $\gamma$ of
the Robertson expansion \cite{Weinberg} on the solar
scale.\cite{Ours}
This constraint ($\gamma = 1$) from the classical tests of
general relativity such as the observation of the radar echo
delay is quite stringent, and it is very difficult to realize
this value in the generalized Einstein action.\\

In this paper, we construct the generalized Einstein
action under the two criteria:
{\it i}) it must give $\gamma=1$ in the post Newtonian
approximation,
{\it ii}) the gravitational potential is a sum of
Newtonian and Yukawa potentials.  The second criterion
is imposed, since it is the empirical gravitational potential of
Sanders \cite{Sanders} that can quite successfully
explain the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies.
We then show that the minimum ingredient of the theory
that satisfies the above criteria
is the $R^2$ term, a scalar field, and a vector field
in addition to the Einstein action.

\vspace{1.5cm}

\noindent
{\large \bf 2. Generalized Einstein Action and Its Post
Newtonian Approximation }

\vspace{0.5cm}

The generalized Einstein action which contains quadratic
terms of the scalar curvature, $R^2$, and Ricci tensor,
$R_{\mu \nu}R^{\mu \nu}$, was
introduced to regulate the ultraviolet
divergences of the Einstein theory.\cite{Utiyama}  It was
applied to cosmology to obtain the bounce universe to avoid
the singularity at the
creation of the universe.\cite{Nariai}
The structure and the properties of the theory
were further elaborated in subsequent works. \cite{Higher} \\

In this section, we consider a further generalization of the
theory by adding scalar and vector fields
in addition to $R^2$ and $R_{\mu \nu}R^{\mu \nu}$ terms and
study its post Newtonian approximation.  We will investigate
such a theory with two requirements:
{\it i}) on the solar scale, it must conform with the
classical tests of general relativity, {\it ii}) on the galactic
scale, the gravitational potential is modified to give a sum of
Newtonian and Yukawa potentials in order
to explain the rotational velocity
curves of spiral galaxies. \\

We consider the following generalized action with the scalar
curvature $R$, the Ricci tensor $R_{\mu\nu}$,
a scalar field $\sigma$, and a vector field $A_{\mu}$:
\begin{eqnarray}
I&~=\displaystyle{ \int} d^4x \sqrt{-g} \Bigl\{ -\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{16 \pi G}}
(R + c_1 R^2 + c_2 R^{\mu \nu} R_{\mu \nu} )  \nonumber \\
& -\displaystyle{\frac{1}{2}} \partial_{\mu}\sigma \partial^{\mu}\sigma
- \displaystyle{ \frac{\mu^2}{2}} \sigma^2
+g_1 \sigma R                             \lab{e1} \\
&  -\displaystyle{\frac{1}{2}} D_{\mu}A_{\nu} D^{\mu}A^{\nu}
- \displaystyle{\frac{m^2}{2}} A^{\mu}A_{\mu}
+g_2 D_{\mu}A^{\mu} R + L^{matter}  \Bigr\}~, \nonumber \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $G$ is the gravitational constant,
$\mu$ and $m$ are the masses of the scalar and vector particles,
$D_{\mu}$ is the covariant derivative, and $L^{matter}$
is the matter Lagrangian. The coefficients $c_1, c_2$, and $G$
have the dimension of $(mass)^{-2}$, while the coefficient
$g_1$ has the dimension of mass and $g_2$ is dimensionless. \\

In order to calculate the coefficient $\gamma$
in the Robertson expansion,\cite{Weinberg}
we introduce the weak fields $\phi$ and $\psi$ defined by
\begin{equation}
g_{0 0}=-1-2\phi, \quad g_{ij}=\delta_{ij}(1+2\psi)~. \lab{e2}
\end{equation}
In the post Newtonian approximation, we must take into account
up to the quadratic term of the weak fields and source in the
action, and the
necessary formulae to the first order in the weak fields are
\begin{eqnarray}
& \sqrt{-g} \approx 1+\phi+3\psi~,\quad R_{00} \approx -\triangle\phi~,
\quad \nonumber \\
&              \nonumber   \\
& R_{ij} \approx \partial_i\partial_j (\phi+\psi)+\delta_{ij}\triangle\psi~,
\quad
R \approx 2\triangle(\phi+2\psi)~, \lab{e3} \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
and the necessary formulae up to the second order in the weak
fields and source in the action are
\begin{eqnarray}
& \sqrt{-g}R \approx 2\triangle(\phi+2\psi)
+4\phi\triangle\psi+2\psi\triangle\psi~, \nonumber  \\
&                 \nonumber  \\
& \sqrt{-g}R^{\mu \nu}R_{\mu \nu} \approx 2(\triangle\phi)^2
+4\triangle\phi\triangle\psi +6(\triangle\psi)^2~, \lab{e4} \\
&                 \nonumber  \\
& \sqrt{-g}R^2 \approx 4\{\triangle(\phi+2\psi)\}^2~, \quad
\sqrt{-g}L^{matter} \approx -\rho\phi~, \nonumber \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where we have suppressed
the total derivative terms.\cite{Veltman}
We substitute the weak field expressions Eqs.~(\ref{e3})
and (\ref{e4}) into Eq.~(\ref{e1}), and retain up to the
quadratic terms of the weak fields $\phi,\psi,\sigma,
A_{\mu}$ and source $\rho$ to obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
I \approx & \displaystyle{\int} d^4x  \Bigl[ -\displaystyle{\frac{1}{16\pi G}}
\bigl\{2\triangle(\phi+2\psi)+4\phi\triangle\psi+2\psi\triangle\psi
+4c_1(\triangle(\phi+2\psi))^2      \nonumber \\
&+4c_2(\displaystyle{\frac12}(\triangle\phi)^2+\triangle\phi\triangle\psi
+\displaystyle{\frac32}(\triangle\psi)^2 \bigr\}       \nonumber \\
&+\displaystyle{\frac12}\sigma\triangle\sigma-\displaystyle{\frac{\mu^2}2}\sigma^2
+\displaystyle{\frac12}A_i\triangle A_i-\displaystyle{\frac{m^2}2}A_i^2
-\displaystyle{\frac12}A_0\triangle A_0+\displaystyle{\frac{m^2}2}A_0^2  \lab{e5} \\
&                   \nonumber       \\
&+2g_1\sigma\triangle(\phi+2\psi)
+2g_2\partial_iA_i\triangle(\phi+2\psi)-\rho\phi \Bigr]~. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Since the field $A_0$ decouples from the other fields and
source, we do not consider this field hereafter.
It is convenient to introduce the following
variables $\bar{\phi}$ and $\bar{\psi}$:
\begin{equation}
\bar{\phi}=\phi+2\psi~, \quad \bar{\psi}=\psi-\phi~, \lab{e6}
\end{equation}
which in turn gives
\begin{equation}
\phi=\displaystyle{\frac{\bar{\phi}-2\bar{\psi}}{3}}~, \quad \psi=
\displaystyle{\frac{\bar{\phi}+\bar{\psi}}{3}}~.\lab{e7}
\end{equation}
Substituting Eq.~(\ref{e7}) into Eq.~(\ref{e5}), we can
rewrite the action as
\begin{eqnarray}
I \approx & \displaystyle{\int} d^4x  \Bigl[ -\displaystyle{\frac{1}{16\pi G}} \bigl\{
2\triangle\bar{\phi}+\displaystyle{\frac23}\bar{\phi}\triangle\bar{\phi}-\displaystyle{\frac23}\bar{\psi}\triangle\bar{\psi}
+4c_1(\triangle\bar{\phi})^2 +\displaystyle{\frac{4c_2}{3}}((\triangle\bar{\phi})^2
+\displaystyle{\frac12}(\triangle\bar{\psi})^2)\bigr\} \nonumber \\
&+\displaystyle{\frac12}\sigma\triangle\sigma-\displaystyle{\frac{\mu^2}2}\sigma^2
+\displaystyle{\frac12}A_i\triangle A_i-\displaystyle{\frac{m^2}2}A_i^2
+2g_1\sigma\triangle\bar{\phi}+2g_2\partial_iA_i\triangle\bar{\phi}
-\displaystyle{\frac{\rho\bar{\phi}}3}+\displaystyle{\frac{2\rho\bar{\psi}}3} \Bigr]~.
\lab{e8} \\ \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Taking the variation with respect to the weak fields $\bar{\phi},
\bar{\psi}, A_i $ and $\sigma$, we obtain the equation of motion of
the weak fields in the post Newtonian approximation:
\begin{eqnarray}
&\triangle\left\{1+(6c_1+2c_2)\triangle\right\}\bar{\phi}-24\pi
G(g_1\triangle\sigma+g_2\triangle\partial_i A_i )=-4\pi G \rho~,  \lab{e9} \\
&                   \nonumber      \\
& \triangle(1-c_2\triangle)\bar{\psi}=-8\pi G \rho~,   \lab{e10} \\
&                   \nonumber      \\
& (\triangle-m^2) A_i-2g_2\triangle\partial_i\bar{\phi}=0~,  \lab{e11} \\
&                   \nonumber      \\
& (\triangle-\mu^2) \sigma+2g_1\triangle\bar{\phi}=0~. \lab{e12} \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
{}From Eqs.~(\ref{e11}) and (\ref{e12}), we have
\begin{equation} \partial_i A_i=\displaystyle{\frac{2g_2\triangle^2\bar{\phi}}{\triangle-m^2}}~, \quad
  \sigma=-\displaystyle{\frac{2g_1\triangle\bar{\phi}}{\triangle-\mu^2}}~.   \lab{e13}
\end{equation}
Substituting this expression into Eqs.(\ref{e9}) and
(\ref{e10}), we then obtain the following:
\begin{eqnarray}
& \triangle\left\{1+(6c_1+2c_2)\triangle-48\pi
G(-\displaystyle{\frac{g_1^2\triangle}{\triangle-\mu^2}}+
\displaystyle{\frac{g_2^2\triangle^2}{\triangle-m^2}})\right\}\bar{\phi}=-4\pi G\rho~,
\lab{e14} \\
&                    \nonumber       \\
& \triangle(1-c_2\triangle) \bar{\psi}=-8\pi G \rho~. \lab{e15} \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
In the next section, we will consider the possibility that
the coefficient of the Robertson expansion $\gamma$ becomes $1$.
In order to obtain this result, it is necessary that both
$\bar{\phi}$ and $\bar{\psi}$ behave $\sim 1/r$ in the limit
$r \rightarrow 0$. ( We remark from Eq.~(\ref{e7}):
if $\bar{\phi}$ and $\bar{\psi}$ behave like
$\bar{\phi}\sim{\rm const.}$ and $\bar{\psi}\sim 1/r$ in the limit
$r \rightarrow 0$,
we obtain $\gamma=1/2$, while if $\bar{\phi}$ and $\bar{\psi}$ behave
like $\bar{\phi}\sim 1/r$ and $\bar{\psi}\sim {\rm const.}$ in the
limit $r \rightarrow 0$,
we obtain $\gamma=-1$.)
In the region $r \rightarrow 0$, the mass term is
negligible, and the necessary condition to have $\gamma=1$
is that the highest derivative terms ($\propto \triangle^2$)
on the left-hand sides of Eqs.~(\ref{e14}) and (\ref{e15})
must vanish (for $\mu^2=m^2=0$). This condition reads
\begin{equation}
6c_1+2c_2-48\pi G g_2^2=0~, \qquad c_2=0~.  \lab{e16}
\end{equation}
Near the origin we then have
\begin{eqnarray}
 (1-6 c_1 m^2+48 \pi G g_1^2)\triangle\bar{\phi} &\approx -4\pi G \rho~,
\lab{e17} \\
&                \nonumber   \\
  \triangle\bar{\psi} & \approx -8\pi G \rho~. \lab{e18} \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
We assume that the density takes the point-like
distribution of the form
$$ \rho( \vec{r}) = M \delta(\vec{r})~. $$
Using the formula $ 4\pi G \rho /\triangle =- G M/r $,
we then obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
&\bar{\phi} \approx -\displaystyle{\frac{4\pi G \rho}{k \triangle}}=
\displaystyle{\frac{G M}{k r}}~, \lab{e19} \\
&\bar{\psi} \approx -\displaystyle{\frac{8\pi G \rho}{\triangle}}=
\displaystyle{\frac{2G M}{r}}~, \lab{e20} \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
\quad k=1-6c_1 m^2+48 \pi G g_1^2~. \lab{e21} \\
\end{equation}
Therefore we obtain the gravitational potential of the form
\begin{eqnarray}
& \phi\approx\displaystyle{\frac{\bar{\phi}-2\bar{\psi}}{3}}
=-\displaystyle{\frac{G M}{r}}\displaystyle{(\frac{4k-1}{3k})}
\equiv -\displaystyle{\frac{\bar{G} M}{r}}~, \lab{e22} \\
& \psi\approx\displaystyle{\frac{\bar{\phi}+\bar{\psi}}{3}}
=\displaystyle{\frac{G M}{r}}\displaystyle{(\frac{2k+1}{3k})}
\equiv \displaystyle{\frac{\bar{G} M}{r} \gamma}~, \lab{e23} \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
\quad \bar{G}=\displaystyle{\frac{4k-1}{3k}}G~. \lab{e24} \\
\end{equation}
This leads to the following formula for $\gamma$~:
\begin{equation}
\gamma=\displaystyle{\frac{2k+1}{4k-1}}~. \lab{e25} \\
\end{equation}
Here, by taking Morikawa model \cite{Morikawa} as an
example, we demonstrate how it is difficult to satisfy the
stringent condition $\gamma=1$ in a modified Einstein
theory in general. \\

Morikawa model is a Brans-Dicke type theory of
the form \cite{Morikawa}
\begin{eqnarray}
I^{Morikawa}&=\displaystyle{ \int} d^4x \sqrt{-g} \Bigl\{
-\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{16 \pi G}}(R -2\Lambda)  \nonumber \\
&-\displaystyle{\frac{1}{2}} \partial_{\mu}\varphi \partial^{\mu}\varphi
- \displaystyle{ \frac{\mu^2}{2}} \varphi^2 +\lambda\varphi
+\displaystyle{ \frac{\xi\varphi^2}{2}}R + L^{matter}  \Bigr\}~,
\lab{e26} \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where we have added the cosmological term $\Lambda$
and tadpole term $\lambda\varphi$ to the original Morikawa
action, since we consider the case that the
scalar field $\varphi$ takes an expectation value $v$.
We write $\varphi=v+\sigma$ and consider this $\sigma$ field
as the weak field. We then obtain the weak field
approximation of the form
\begin{eqnarray}
I^{Morikawa} & \approx \displaystyle{ \int} d^4x \sqrt{-g}
\Bigl\{ -\displaystyle{ \frac{R}{16 \pi G}}(1-8\pi G \xi v^2)  \nonumber \\
&-\displaystyle{\frac{1}{2}} \partial_{\mu}\sigma \partial^{\mu}\sigma
- \displaystyle{ \frac{\mu^2}{2}} \sigma^2 + \xi v \sigma R + L^{matter}
                                  \Bigr\}~.       \lab{e27} \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Here, we have tuned $\Lambda$ and $\lambda$ in such a way that
$$
\displaystyle{( \frac{\Lambda}{8 \pi G}-\frac{\mu^2v^2}{2}+\lambda v)}=0~,
\quad \lambda-\mu^2 v=0~,
$$
for a given $v$.
If we denote $ 1/{\tilde{G}}=(1-8\pi G \xi v^2)/G $, then
according to our formula Eq.~(\ref{e21})
(with the replacements $m \rightarrow 0,
G \rightarrow \tilde{G}$, and $g_1 \rightarrow \xi v$),
we have the expression
$k=1+48\pi \tilde{G} \xi^2 v^2$, which gives
\begin{equation}
\gamma=\displaystyle{\frac{1-8\pi G (\xi-4 \xi^2) v^2}
{1-8\pi G (\xi-8 \xi^2) v^2}}~.     \lab{e28}
\end{equation}
In Morikawa's case, \cite{Morikawa}
the scale factor of the universe oscillate with time,
where the period is converted to
the scale of $130 Mpc$ through the velocity of light,
and it is unclear whether
$\varphi$ here takes an expectation value on
the solar scale.  We obtain
$\gamma=0.88$ by using Morikawa's unit $1/G=4\pi/3 $ and
his values $\xi=10$ and $v=0.008$, where
the value of $v$ is assumed to be
of the order of the initial value of $\varphi$~.
(Of course, if we set $v=0$
in Morikawa model, we have $\gamma=1$.) \\

Through this example, we understand that the construction of the
generalized Einstein action with $\gamma=1$ is quite non-trivial.

\vspace{1.5cm}

\noindent
{\large \bf 3. Generalized Einstein Action on Solar and
Galactic Scales}

\vspace{0.5cm}
In this section, we show that
the generalized Einstein theory, in which
the gravitational potential is a sum of
Newtonian and Yukawa potentials,
must include at least
scalar and vector fields in addition to
the quadratic term of the scalar curvature
in order that the condition $\gamma=1$ is satisfied. \\

The condition $\gamma=1$ implies $k=1$
in Eq.~(\ref{e25}), which in turn implies
$ c_1 m^2=8 \pi G g_1^2$ (see Eq.~(\ref{e21})).
Taking into account Eq.~(\ref{e16}) also, the necessary
condition to have $\gamma=1$ is summarized as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
c_1&=&8\pi G g_2^2,\quad c_2=0~,\lab{e29}  \\
c_1 m^2&=&8 \pi G g_1^2~.   \lab{e30}    \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

This condition is classified into the following possibilities:
$$
\begin{array}{cccc}
    {\it I})    & g_2\ne 0~,&\quad    & \quad \\
    \quad     &{\it a})  & g_1= 0~, & (c_1\ne 0,\ m=0),\\
    \quad    &{\it b}) & g_1\ne 0~, & (c_1\ne 0,\ m\ne0),\\
     {\it II})   & g_2= 0~, & \quad  & (c_1=0,\ g_1=0).\
\end{array}
$$
We first consider case {\it Ia}), where the scalar decouples
from other fields.
In this case Eqs.~(\ref{e14}) and (\ref{e15}) become
\begin{equation}
\triangle\bar{\phi}=-4\pi G \rho, \quad \triangle\bar{\psi}=-8\pi G \rho~,\lab{e31}
\end{equation}
which in turn gives
\begin{equation}
\bar{\phi}=-\displaystyle{\frac{4\pi G \rho}{\triangle}=\frac{GM}{r}}~, \quad
\bar{\psi}=-\displaystyle{\frac{8\pi G \rho}{\triangle}=\frac{2GM}{r}}~. \lab{e32}
\end{equation}
Hence, we obtain the same result as the Newtonian
approximation of the ordinary Einstein theory:
\begin{equation}
\displaystyle{\phi=-\frac{GM}{r}}~,\quad \displaystyle{\psi=\frac{GM}{r}}~,
\lab{e33}
\end{equation}
in which the desired Yukawa term is absent. \\

In case {\it II}), the
vector field decouples and there is no higher
derivative term such as $R^2$ and $R_{\mu \nu}R^{\mu \nu}$.
In this case, Eq.~(\ref{e14}) takes the same form as
Eq.~(\ref{e31}), and we obtain the result of the Newtonian
approximation again. \\

The final case {\it Ib}) turns out the one that satisfies
our criteria.
In this case, from the relation $c_1m^2=8\pi G g_1^2$,
Eq.~(\ref{e14}) becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
& \displaystyle{\frac{\triangle}{(\triangle-m^2)(\triangle-\mu^2)}}\Bigl\{\triangle^2
-\triangle\left(m^2+\mu^2+48\pi G g_1^2(m^2-\mu^2)\right)
\nonumber \\
&+m^2\mu^2 \Bigr\}\bar{\phi}=-4\pi G \rho~. \lab{e34}
\end{eqnarray}
We then define $\alpha$\ and $\beta$\ by
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha+\beta &=& m^2+\mu^2+48\pi G g_1^2(m^2-\mu^2)~,\nonumber \\
\alpha \beta &=& m^2\mu^2~,\lab{e35}
\end{eqnarray}
and assume $\alpha>\beta$.  We can also
define constants $k_1, k_2$\ and $k_3$ by
\begin{eqnarray}
\bar{\phi} &=& -\displaystyle{\frac{4\pi G(\triangle-m^2)(\triangle-\mu^2)}
{\triangle(\triangle-\alpha)(\triangle-\beta)}}\rho~, \nonumber \\
&=&-4\pi G \Bigl\{ \displaystyle
\displaystyle{\frac{k_1}{\triangle}}+\displaystyle{\frac{k_2}{\triangle-\alpha}}
+\displaystyle{\frac{k_3}{\triangle-\beta}} \Bigr\} \rho~,
\lab{e36} \\
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
which gives the relations among
$k_1, k_2 $\ and $k_3$ as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
&& k_1+k_2+k_3=1~, \nonumber \\
&& k_1(\alpha+\beta)+k_2 \beta+k_3 \alpha=m^2+\mu^2~,\lab{e37} \\
&& k_1 \alpha \beta=m^2 \mu^2~.      \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
{}From Eq.~(\ref{e35}) we obtain
$k_1=1$, so that $k_2$ and $k_3$ are related by $k_3=-k_2$.
Using this relation and substituting Eq.~(\ref{e35}) into
Eq.~(\ref{e37}), we obtain
\begin{equation}
k_2=-k_3=\displaystyle{\frac{48\pi G g_1^2(m^2-\mu^2)}{\alpha-\beta}}~.
\lab{e38}
\end{equation}
The modified gravitational potential in this case becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
\bar{\phi} &=&-4\pi G \displaystyle{\left( \frac{1}{\triangle}+\frac{k_2}{\triangle-\alpha}
-\frac{k_2}{\triangle-\beta} \right)}\rho~,\nonumber \\
&=& \displaystyle{\frac{GM}{r}}\left(1+k_2e^{-\sqrt{\alpha} r}
-k_2e^{-\sqrt{\beta} r}\right)~, \lab{e39} \\
\bar{\psi} &=& \displaystyle{\frac{2GM}{r}}~. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore we have the gravitational potential of
the desired form:
\begin{equation}
\phi=\displaystyle{\frac{\bar{\phi}-2\bar{\psi}}3}=-\displaystyle{\frac{GM}r}
\left( 1-\displaystyle{\frac{k_2}3} e^{-\sqrt{\alpha} r}
   +\displaystyle{\frac{k_2}3} e^{-\sqrt{\beta} r} \right)~.
\lab{e40}
\end{equation}

We now examine the condition for this gravitational potential
to explain the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies.
We know that the gravitational potential in Sanders'
form \cite{Sanders}
\begin{equation}
\phi=-\displaystyle{\frac{GM}r}\left(\frac{1+\alpha_S~e^{-ar}}
{1+\alpha_S}\right) \lab{e41}
\end{equation}
can account for the rotation curves in a satisfactory way when
$\alpha_S=-0.9$.  For our potential Eq.~(\ref{e40}) to have a
similar form on the galactic scale, it is necessary to
assume (for $\alpha > \beta > 0$)
\begin{eqnarray}
\sqrt{\alpha}&=&{\cal O}\left(\frac{1}{r_0}\right)~, \lab{e42} \\
\alpha &\gg& \beta~>~0~, \lab{e43}
\end{eqnarray}
where $r_0$ is a distance on galactic scale
($\sim$ a few 10$kpc$).
Note that these relations imply
\begin{equation}
\exp{(-\sqrt{\beta} r_0)}\approx 1~. \lab{e44}
\end{equation}
For the rotation curves to be flatter than the Newtonian results,
we need $\alpha_S < 0$ in Eq.~(\ref{e41}).  In our potential
Eq.~(\ref{e40}) this requirement together with Eqs.~(\ref{e43})
and (\ref{e44}) implies
\begin{equation}
k_2 > 0~. \lab{e45}
\end{equation}
By Eq.~(\ref{e38}) this is equivalent to
\begin{equation}
m^2 > \mu^2~. \lab{e46}
\end{equation}
Hence, the question is whether we can satisfy the above
conditions Eqs.~(\ref{e42}), (\ref{e43}), and (\ref{e45})
(or (\ref{e46})) in a consistent way.  From Eqs.~(\ref{e35})
and (\ref{e46}), one obvious solution is
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha&=&{\cal O}\left(m^2\right)~, \nonumber \\
\beta&=&{\cal O}\left(\mu^2\right)~, \lab{e47} \\
m^2&=&{\cal O}\left(\frac{1}{r_0^2}\right) \gg \mu^2~, \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $r_0$ is the galactic scale.
In this case, from Eq.~(\ref{e35}) $\alpha$ can be written as
\begin{equation}
\alpha \approx m^2(1+48\pi G g_1^2)~. \lab{e48}
\end{equation}
By defining
$x=48\pi G g_1^2(>0)$ and neglecting $\beta$ and $\mu^2$ in
Eq.~(\ref{e38}), we have
\begin{equation}
k_2=\frac{x}{1+x}~, \lab{e49}
\end{equation}
so that $k_2$ can change in the range
\begin{equation}
0 < k_2 < 1~. \lab{e50}
\end{equation}
The coefficient $\alpha_S$ of Eq.~(\ref{e41}) in our theory
is then written as
\begin{equation}
\alpha_S = - \frac{k_2}{3+k_2} = - \frac{x}{3+4x}~. \lab{e51}
\end{equation}
Note that our $\alpha_S$ takes a value in the range
\begin{equation}
-0.25<\alpha_S<0~, \lab{e52}
\end{equation}
while Sanders takes $\alpha_S=-0.9$ to fit the rotation curves. \\

In this way, starting from the generalized
Einstein action with additional
scalar and vector fields, we can tune the parameters so that
we not only have $\gamma=1$
on the solar scale but also obtain
the empirical Sanders type
gravitational potential on the galactic scale.

\vspace{1.5cm}

\noindent

{\large \bf 4. Summary and Discussion}

\vspace{0.5cm}

In this paper, we have examined the generalized Einstein theory
which contains higher derivative terms, $R^2$ and
$R^{\mu \nu}R_{\mu \nu}$,
and satisfies the criteria:
{\it i}) on the solar scale, it must be consistent with the
classical tests of general relativity, {\it ii}) on the galactic
scale, the gravitational potential is a sum of Newtonian and
Yukawa potentials so that it may
explain the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies.
We have shown that it is non-trivial to satisfy the above
criteria and that at least additional
scalar and vector fields are required for a consistent theory. \\

We have tuned the parameters of the theory so that the
coefficient $\alpha_S$ of the Yukawa term ( in Sanders'
gravitational potential) is negative, which is necessary to
explain the flatness of rotation curves of spiral galaxies.
It will be interesting to see how well our theory can fit the
rotation curves quantitatively.
Numerical calculations in this direction are now in  progress. \\

In our generalized Einstein action, even after the tuning of
parameters, there are still two
parameters, the vector mass $m$ and the scalar $\mu$, to set the
scale of interest.
We have chosen $1/m\sim $ galaxy scale, and it may be
possible to explain the \lq \lq periodic" large-scale structure
of the universe by choosing $1/\mu \sim 130Mpc$.
Numerical calculations of distant galaxy distributions are also
in progress. \\

Therefore, by taking the
values of $1/m$ and $1/\mu$ as above, our generalized Einstein
theory may be consistent with observations over three different
distance scales: the solar, galactic and
beyond galactic scales of the universe.

\vspace{1.5cm}
\noindent
{\large \bf Acknowledgements}:
  One of us (Y.O.) is grateful to the members of Stanford Linear
Accelerator Center for hospitality.
\vspace{1.0cm}
\newpage

\noindent

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Mountain View Measure C Would Push RV Dwellers Off City Streets
Adhiti Bandlamudi
RVs and oversized vehicles line Terra Bella Avenue in Mountain View. Measure C on the city's November ballot would restrict these vehicles from parking on streets 40 feet or narrower in width. (Adhiti Bandlamudi/KQED)
Misty Masvalo has been living in a retrofitted van for the past few years. She's added solar panels, a propane stovetop and a sink operated by a foot pump. She's working on installing a compostable toilet, too.
"I feel like [the van] is a little beach shack on wheels," Masvalo said. "I have to make it a little comfortable."
Masvalo wants to find permanent housing, but can't see how that's going to happen, unless the price of housing drops substantially — or her wages rise substantially.
Her wages as a part-time yoga instructor and preschool teacher have never been enough to make it easy to keep a roof over her head.
"Teachers in general don't make great money, but early childhood educators are especially affected by low wages," Masvalo said.
After moving several times between different apartments in the region, Masvalo decided to cash out her savings and buy the van.
Now, she's watching a local measure on Mountain View's November ballot. Measure C would ban oversized vehicles, or any vehicle "which exceeds 22 feet in length or 7 feet in width or 7 feet in height," from parking on streets that are 40 feet or narrower, unless the vehicle is parked for short duration activities like loading and unloading.
As more and more people like Masvalo park along major thoroughfares and back roads, the Mountain View City Council has come under pressure from homeowners who complain that oversized vehicles block bike lanes and line of sight for drivers.
After years of talking about a "safe parking" program, the city finally created one in 2019. People can park their RVs or oversized vans in sections of dedicated parking lots, as long as they agree to sign up for social services and support to find permanent housing.
Mountain View resident Prody Hazarika supports Measure C, because he thinks people should use the safe parking program instead of parking on the street.
"We have to encourage the right path," he said on KQED Forum. "That can only be accomplished where you have parking lots where you can get better in life."
Hazarika believes that Measure C gives homeowners a voice.
"[Homeowners] have a right to demand safe streets and good community living," he said.
His sentiments are echoed by Mountain View Mayor Margaret Abe-Koga. She also doesn't believe RVs are a permanent solution to housing and said Measure C would encourage people to find more stable housing or to use the city-funded safe parking program.
"What I'm really proud of is the safe lots that we've opened," she said. "They are successful and I'm open to adding more spaces if we can."
Mountain View's Safe Parking program is the largest of its kind in Santa Clara County, with 75 spots located across the city. But according to a Safe Parking report from September, the city's homeless population has grown over the years, from 276 in 2015 to about 606 in 2019. Move Mountain View, a nonprofit which helps run the safe parking program, says safe parking lots are often filled, leaving many on the waitlist.
Election 2020 Coverage
Despite evidence that most homeless individuals are local, many of Measure C's supporters hold a widely held belief that those living in vehicles come from elsewhere.
"Mountain View has become known for the services that we provide, so other cities are telling folks to come here," said former mayor Lisa Matichak during a recent forum on housing hosted by the Mountain View Mobile Home Alliance. Matichak is one of four former Mountain View mayors currently running for a city council seat this November.
Move Mountain View said participants of the program are asked whether they live in Mountain View before they can qualify for a parking spot.
"We need reciprocity," said former mayor Lenny Siegel, who is also running for a city council seat. A long-time affordable housing advocate, he opposes Measure C because he feels it pushes people out before providing an alternative housing option.
"We can't throw people out until there's a place to go," he said.
Masvalo's van is eight feet tall, which means she'd be affected by Measure C if it passes. She feels her job is important to the Mountain View community and wants be able to live in the city where she works.
"Who is going to take care of your children so that you can work your eight plus hours a day and make your wonderful annual salary?" she asked. "We're just doing our best to make ends meet."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Overnight protein administration allows for a faster growth of the muscles. That can help older people, in whom it is difficult for the muscles to maintain.
That says PhD researcher Bart Green, who on Friday promoted to the Maastricht UMC+. Green wanted to know how proteins more effectively contribute to muscle building.
Green examined the elderly, for whom it is harder for muscles to maintain and to build up again after a period of illness or bed rest.
Proteins are converted in the body into amino acids. The phd candidate discovered that over half of the amino acids into the blood, after which a muscle is. Because this process in the elderly during the day is too slow, looked at Green, or at night to gain.
Green had served in a number of elderly people during the night 40 grams of protein through a probe. Because of this, there were more amino acids in the blood, and went into the production of muscles faster.
The nightly muscle building can be further stimulated by the so-called neuromuscular electrostimulation. These are muscle contractions induced by electric shocks.


If you click on the button below, you'll authorize us to post automatic hashtags to your Twitter feed every 20 tweets or so. You can deauthorize us whenever you want. You'll be redirected to Twitter, and we'll never see your password.
Fancy something like this on your blog? You can let it tag your own pages, or select someone else's like we have here.
Here's an interesting idea. Why not take a look at your Twitter feed with tags! All done automatically.
We don't do HTML, so we borrowed this from Styleshout. If you are interested in supporting their work and would like to contribute, you are welcome to make a small donation through the donate link on their website.


An event is the result of an action being carried out by the user or the browser caused by something they have done on the web page, be that a mouse movement, a button click, scrolling down, etc.
These events can be acted upon by the use of event handlers (/listeners) that then carry out a specified action.
*note: use of semi-colon at end of anonymous function, due to this being a statement piece of code.


text:
Pádraig "Jock" Haughey (10 October 1932 – 10 October 2003) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a right wing-forward at senior level for the Dublin county team.

Haughey began his inter-county career as a member of the Dublin senior team in the early 'fifties and experienced much success going forward into the early 'sixties. During that time he won one All-Ireland medal, three Leinster medals and two National Football League medals. Haughey was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

At club level Haughey won numerous county club championship medals with St Vincents.

His brother, Charles, served as Taoiseach on three occasions between 1979 and 1992.

He worked for Matt Gallagher as an engineer in the Gallagher Group.

In the 1970 Arms Crisis, Haughey was investigated by the Garda Síochána, suspected of having imported arms into Ireland illegally.

References

1932 births
2003 deaths
Dublin inter-county Gaelic footballers
St Vincents (Dublin) Gaelic footballers
Winners of one All-Ireland medal (Gaelic football)
Haughey family

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Youtuber "I'm wheelboyz" has posted a number of videos showing off little tips and tricks for going about your daily life.
Yes folks, Service Monkeys are now a thing.
Düsseldorf 28th September to the 1st October. Almost 50,000 visitors came to Düsseldorf where they had the chance to get informed about the topic self-determined living. 916 exhibitors from 36 countries presented their latest products and services.
During the summer of 2016, a local retirement home borrowed one of our Carony transfer wheelchairs for evaluation. The response we got was overwhelming.


Members wishing to file an expense claim should download and complete the embedded form. Itemized instructions are included within.
All expenses are subject to approval. Please consult one of your Executives if you have questions or concerns prior to any purchases.
MSC Expense Form v3.xlsx - Recommend provided you have Excel. Totals will calculate automatically.
MSC Expense Form v3.pdf - Suggest only if you do not have Excel and must complete the form manually.


text:
Lessons and Signs of Hope Amidst the Carnage in Libya
Gaddafi's violence is backfiring as many of those who work for his regime—from pilots to soldiers to diplomats—are refusing to continue.
Photo by Jonathan Ernst, Reuters.
Stephen Zunes posted Feb 25, 2011
The civil insurrection in Libya has been far more violent, and forces loyal to the dictator far more violent still, than the recent successful unarmed revolutions against the dictatorships in neighboring Tunisia and Egypt. Still, there are signs of hope and important lessons to be learned in the ongoing struggle against the 42-year regime of Muammar Gaddafi, whose days appear to be numbered.
Gaddafi's leadership style has always been repressive, impulsive, and unpredictable. Yet his nationalism, anti-imperialism, and professed socialism led many educated Libyans who formed the backbone of the government to stay loyal despite their misgivings, in large part in reaction to what was seen as punitive and hypocritical sanctions imposed by Western nations and the constant threat of renewed U.S. air and missile strikes against the country, as took place back in the 1980s. It was only when the sanctions and the threats of war subsided back in 2004 that there began to be a dramatic increase in resignations and defections by prominent Libyans who had been members and supporters of the government. In short, the U.S.-led efforts to isolate, punish, and threaten the regime likely contributed to Gaddafi's longevity as dictator. Once relations were normalized and the isolation and threats subsided, Gaddafi was seen less as a strong leader defending his nation against Western imperialism and more as the mercurial and brutal tyrant that he is.
Pilots have deliberately crashed their planes, flown into exile, or otherwise refused orders to bomb and strafe protesters. Thousands of soldiers have defected or refused to fire on crowds, despite threats of execution.
As of this writing, virtually all of the cities in the eastern half of the country and a number of cities elsewhere have been liberated by pro-democracy forces, which launched their rebellion just a few weeks ago and are now clashing with security forces in Tripoli, Libya's capital. In these liberated cities, popular democratic committees have been set up to serve as interim local governments. For example, Benghazi—a city of over a million people—is now being run by a improvised organizing committee of judges, lawyers, and other professionals who have been largely successful at restoring order to the country's second largest city, dispatching young people to coordinate traffic at intersections and assist in other basic services.
There have been resignations of cabinet members and other important aides of Gaddafi, Libyan ambassadors in foreign capitals, and top military officers, many of whom have actively joined the opposition. Pilots have deliberately crashed their planes, flown into exile, or otherwise refused orders to bomb and strafe protesters. Thousands of soldiers have defected or refused to fire on crowds, despite threats of execution. This has forced Gaddafi to rely on African mercenaries, which has only further angered the population against a dictator willing to bring in foreigners to murder his own citizens.
Libya and Beyond: What's Next for Democracy?
Phyllis Bennis on why Libya differs from other pro-democracy uprisings in the region.
These serious challenges to Gaddafi's power comes despite the fact that, compared with the recent successful civil insurrections against dictators in Tunisia and Egypt, the challenges faced by the pro-democracy forces in Libya have been far greater. Under the recently-overthrown dictators, the Egyptian and Tunisian regimes routinely rigged elections and marginalized opposition parties, but at least there were elections and opposition parties. Not in Libya, however. Similarly, Egypt and Tunisia had trade unions, popular organizations, and active civil society groups whose activities were severely restricted and at times brutally suppressed, but at least they existed. Again, not in Libya.
Despite all this, pro-democracy forces are on the offensive, demonstrating that if enough people are willing to risk everything for their freedom, the regime has few options left but brute force—exactly what Gaddafi has been turning to. However, the use of such extraordinary violence usually ends up backfiring in favor of the opposition, which is exactly what appears to be happening in Libya.
The regime has few options left but brute force—exactly what Gaddafi has been turning to. However, the use of such extraordinary violence usually ends up backfiring in favor of the opposition, which is exactly what appears to be happening in Libya.
Gaddafi joined the Libyan armed forces as a young man, not because of an interest in a military career per se, but because he wanted to become the country's ruler. In the Middle East in those days, if you weren't part of a royal family, the key to political power was through the military. What Tunisia and Egypt have demonstrated, however—along with other successful nonviolent civil insurrections from the Philippines to Poland and from Chile to Serbia—is that political power ultimately comes from the acquiescence of the people. And if a people no longer recognize the leader's authority and refuse to obey the leader's orders, he will no longer be the leader. This is the kind of power the United States and other Western nations must recognize: for democracy to come to the Middle East, it must come from the people themselves.
of the pro-democracy uprisings in the Middle East and Africa.
Egypt lies on the fault lines of the convergence of global ecological, energy, and economic crises—and thus, on the frontlines of deepening global system failure.
An American organizer on Egypt's lessons in people power.
From Cairo, a first-person account of the way Egyptians supported and protected one another during the historic protests that led to the departure of President Hosni Mubarak.
Stephen Zunes wrote this article for YES! Magazine, a national, nonprofit media organization that fuses powerful ideas with practical actions. Stephen is a professor of Politics and chair of Middle Eastern Studies at the University of San Francisco. He chairs the academic advisory committee for the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict and is the author of Nonviolent Social Movements and Tinderbox: U.S. Middle East Policy and the Roots of Terrorism.
People Power in the Middle East and North Africa
Tunisia, Egypt, and the Big Picture
Thank You, Egypt
In Egypt, Something Rare and Remarkable


All our lives, we're made to feel insecure when compared with peers. It is important not to give in Second in class! So X came first again? What's wrong with you - aren't you good enough?" Perhaps you've grown up hearing lines like this through childhood. I did.
Comparisons like this can be the most noxious things to happen. It took me a long while to dig myself out from the mess of others' expectations. But emerge I did - with a clear belief that not just will I steer clear of such benchmarking in my adult life, I will never submit my kid to such psychological warfare.
The horrible habit doesn't end at school. I've seen college students wrenching their guts over some classmate who got the best-paying job at placement time, someone else who got the university gold, some other applicant who got the full overseas tuition waiver. And in all my talks at colleges, I spend more time on this than on any other fundamental of business.
It's hard to tell people that comparisons are a waste of time – so deeply-ingrained in our psyche is this peer-pressure nonsense. But two things clear up the clouds. One is a statement (and I have no hard statistics, only overwhelming anecdotal evidence that most of these toppers, gold medal winners, - the envied ones - typically end up nowhere, compared to where you are or where you can be. And even if they've, it's not where you want to be. Sure, your roommate at Powai ended up earning $150K at Goldman Sachs writing research reports on stocks he knows nothing about, living on a lifestyle conveyor belt he can't get off. But is that why you went to IIT to do your B. Tech? Careful what you envy. You might actually get it, and regret it for the rest of your life.
The second is a more basic belief: that all human beings are unique - Nothing too earth-shattering, except when you apply it to your career. Think about it. You're different from every one of your batch mates, aren't you? Your combination of talent, personality, likes and dislikes is what sets you apart from everybody else. You haven't met anybody like you – and you're as individual as your fingerprint, to sound like bad advertising copy. You'll agree that your perfect career is one that will 'fit' your talent and personality to a T. And by the same logic, your perfect career won't suit anyone else - just as anyone else's perfect career won't suit you.
But if all this were true, as you're nodding in agreement, why the heck did you apply and fight for the same jobs and write the same exams? Why are you benchmarking yourself against that colleague from MBA class who is a VP while you're still an assist ant vice-president? Why should you bother that X has a better car, that Y was given a bigger company flat, and that Z married into a richer family than you did? Would being in X, Y or Z's place really make your life suddenly more meaningful? It's a hard one to get your head around. But that doesn't make it any less true: envy is a pointless emotion when it comes to your career. Or even life. At the root of envy is your insecurity about yourself - and your true worth. And insecurity is a great mirage that the system (including us marketing types) has a vested interest in seeing continue.
If you really believed (like many of us do) that people should judge you for your brains and not your looks, you'd put Lakme and L'Oreal out of business. Advertisers, parents, the establishment - all know their job is to make you feel insecure - so you're conned into thinking that only if you use the right shampoo will you find the right guy, or use the right cologne to find the right girl, or top your class to find the right career. Balderdash. What sets successes apart from also-rans is not the right fairness cream or education or mark sheet - but the strength to reject the notion that there's anything wrong with you, or that you need to be like anyone else. Read up about biographies of people you admire. You won't find wardrobes or accents or family pressure in common, but a common belief that they didn't give a damn about wanting to be like their peers.


You'll be responsible for running one of our busy delivery offices, where mail is brought for final sorting and distribution. You'll manage a diverse team of between 20 and 300 people, supporting and coaching them to perform to their maximum potential and aligning manpower provision with traffic forecasting. And as well as achieving performance and financial targets, you'll need to maintain a strong relationship with the CWU trade union. It'll be up to you to see that your unit is run as efficiently as possible.
A background in logistics isn't essential; we value the experience that candidates from other industries can bring, and we can equip you with the skills and knowledge you need to apply what you know in this environment. What counts is the ability to manage resources and budgets with efficiency, and the willingness and ability to manage in a way that motivates and inspires.
Lead a team of line managers and engineers, supporting them with coaching and mentoring and identifying opportunities for improvement.


Native New Mexican Heidi Kyser lived in Massachusetts and California before moving to Las Vegas in 2004. Heidi has freelanced for the Patriot Ledger, Improper Bostonian, L.A. Times, Variety and several local publications. Her staff positions include eight years as senior editor at convention-industry news journal Tradeshow Week, two years as editor of World Tea News and a year and a half as senior writer at Vegas Seven. At Desert Companion, she focuses on in-depth reporting of complex regional stories, winning the 2012 Nevada Press Association award for Best Explanatory Journalism and second place in Best Investigative Journalism.


text:
Is Boy George Married? Or Dating a Partner?
Kid George is an English vocalist that acquired worldwide accomplishment during his prime during the 1980s to 1990s. He was important for the notable band Culture Club that delivered exemplary hits, for example, "Do You Truly Need to Hurt Me" and "Karma Chameleon." He was born on June 14, 1961. He experienced childhood in the roads of Woolwich, London, close by his four kin. George's design sense during his childhood made many individuals notice him. One of them is the unbelievable music business person Malcolm McLaren. In the wake of getting found, the vocalist framed his band named Culture Club. The band acquired remarkable accomplishment all through the world and was one of the symbols of the 80s. With the bustling vocation of the vocalist, does have opportunity and willpower to have an accomplice? We will address this inquiry in this article, so continue to peruse in light of the fact that we have all the data you really want in regards to the relationship status of Kid George. Is Kid George Wedded? Or on the other hand Dating an Accomplice? The well known vocalist and social symbol have been with various accomplices. As indicated by the craftsman, he distinguishes as a sexually unbiased.
In a 2015 post, the English symbol affirmed that he isn't dating anybody and might want to zero in on himself. From that point forward, no tales about the vocalist arose as he attempted to avoid the paparazzi and online entertainment.
In 1983, he was requested in a meeting which from the two sexualities he liked. George addressed that he enjoyed both.
After the meeting with Joan Streams, Barbara Walters inquired as to whether he was sexually unbiased. He affirmed this and furthermore said that he was in various connections in the past with all kinds of people.
A couple of years later, in 1995, the vocalist explained that his sexual direction was gay. He expressed that he inclines more towards being gay than sexually unbiased.
This can be affirmed by Kid George's accomplices during his vocation.
Kid George's Previous Connections In spite of the fact that he is presently single, the vocalist/musician has had many encounters in close connections. George uncovered in his self-portrayal entitled Take It Like A Man that he was once involved with Kirk Brandon, a popular underground rock performer. Kirk is a front band individual for Theater of Disdain and Lance of Predetermination. In spite of the fact that he didn't acquire global achievement, he was viewed as a colossal craftsman during the 1980s, particularly in the underground stone scene. George's assertion about his relationship with Kirk started contentions. During this disclosure, Kid George's accomplice was involved with a lady and was at present hitched. The two went to court and battled a long and broadly promoted fight in court. Eventually, George won and the band frontman was requested to pay for £250,000. Despite the fact that he lost, Kirk said that the preliminary was for his honor. The two then headed out in a different direction after this occasion.
Watching Prince Harry makes me feel deeply sad. I hope the King steps in and heals this kid. What is the point of being the king otherwise. I see someone hurt and if you don't I fear it says more about you!
My vibe is healing
My vibe is love
— Boy George (@BoyGeorge) January 9, 2023
George likewise had one more sweetheart during the 1980s. Kid George's accomplice was his band's drummer Jon Greenery.
The two were in a mysterious relationship, and nobody realize that they were dating. The artist additionally uncovered that a large portion of their band's tunes were about their relationship.
In spite of this, pressure rose among them as their band attempted to do various things. In 1986, the band chose to head out in a different direction and proceed as solo demonstrations.
During their gatherings' possible aftermath, George and Greenery severed their relationship. After this, George supposedly got dependent on drugs and was once captured because of ownership of heroin.


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
// Code generated by Microsoft (R) AutoRest Code Generator.

package com.azure.analytics.synapse.artifacts.models;

import com.azure.core.annotation.Fluent;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeName;

/** A copy activity Azure Queue sink. */
@JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY, property = "type")
@JsonTypeName("AzureQueueSink")
@Fluent
public final class AzureQueueSink extends CopySink {
    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public AzureQueueSink setWriteBatchSize(Object writeBatchSize) {
        super.setWriteBatchSize(writeBatchSize);
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public AzureQueueSink setWriteBatchTimeout(Object writeBatchTimeout) {
        super.setWriteBatchTimeout(writeBatchTimeout);
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public AzureQueueSink setSinkRetryCount(Object sinkRetryCount) {
        super.setSinkRetryCount(sinkRetryCount);
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public AzureQueueSink setSinkRetryWait(Object sinkRetryWait) {
        super.setSinkRetryWait(sinkRetryWait);
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public AzureQueueSink setMaxConcurrentConnections(Object maxConcurrentConnections) {
        super.setMaxConcurrentConnections(maxConcurrentConnections);
        return this;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
How Firefox's Android App Gives Better Experience With Desktop Features?
Mozilla Firefox's Android app received the biggest update of its lifetime. The Firefox browser app in Android will now have features similar to the firefox desktop browser application. The new Firefox for Android is already in North America and Europe. It is redesigned with a new interface that is fast, secure, and has many new features in it.
Like we use the "Firefox Quantum" browser on the desktop, the Mozilla termed their revamped Mozilla firefox for Android as "Firefox Daylight". This marks a new beginning in the browser development by Mozilla firefox for Android mobile.
Today in this blog, we are going to tell you "How Firefox's Android App Gives Better Experience With Desktop Features?" Don't go anywhere, stick with us and know more about your Firefox browser!
Introducing New Mozilla Firefox for Android Phone
Features in Firefox For Android Mobile
Some Other Improvements in Firefox for Android Phone
What is for the User Experience in New Firefox Development
Try the new Firefox for your Android Phone
Introducing New Mozilla Firefox for Android Phone!
The new Firefox for Android has the foundation of Mozilla's GeckoView browser engine. Now, most of the websites will load fastly for Android smartphones with this new Firefox.
Also, due to GeckoView, there will be no delay in the delivery of updates. This new browser by Mozilla for Android is not based on the Blink, Google's browsing engine.
We will clarify this by looking at every new feature introduced in the browser. At the end of the article, we will also tell you how it serves the customer experience and which is the top browser extension development company in USA to make extensions for Mozilla Firefox.
Features in Firefox For Android Mobile!
Mozilla's browser is the second most used browser in the world after Google Search Engine! If we talk collectively, then Firefox has met a series of challenges to become #2. For many, it is beyond the browser and the introduction of Firefox for Android extensions is a great move.
Let's take a look at the features on the new Mozilla browser ready to launch in Android phones worldwide!
Also Read : 10 Features Of Android 10 That Will Transform Your Phone
The new Firefox app in the Android phone offers Enhanced Tracking Protection which is the highest privacy feature ever built to provide a better browsing experience. It offers strict protection with better and customizable privacy settings.
According to Mozilla, "This feature protects its users from 10 billion third-party tracking cookies, crypto miners, finger printers, etc. per day. Also, this feature provides you, Ad trackers, in the Business and Standard mode."
With this, the Private Mode feature in the Firefox for Android home screen allows users to create a private browsing shortcut that launches the browsing app automatically and lets them browse privately on-the-go. Private Mode is the next layer of privacy in Android.
Android browser got a new, clearer, and easy to handle design; thus, making browser appearance better. The new appearance resonates with the improved accessibility of the browser on the smartphone.
Now the users can easily set the URL bar at the top or bottom of the screen. Collections help users to organize bookmarks and web pages. To make the browsing experience personalized you can share web pages across devices.
The Picture-in-Picture feature allows multitaskers to complete their work while watching videos or enjoying anything else. Productivity is the new key to the Android mobile!
Light or Dark Themes - Day or Night mode and Dark mode are also some new features depending on individual preferences. Firefox allows you to follow the Android setting.
The new Firefox browser also revamped the Firefox extension and add-ons experience for the users. If you are starting with the newest Android browsing app then don't forget to use Mozilla's extensions.
All these features together add a lot in the privacy, security, appearance, productivity, user interference, and performance of the Firefox browser for Android mobile.
The new Firefox - "Firefox Daylight" for Android phone is faster, secure, and takes care of the data privacy. The past browsers technically limited the capability to improve the browser.
However, this new browser is flexible with updated and pre-planned release cycles!
This search engine lets you set your own ground rules. For example, you can independently decide on the privacy and security features that you want to use on your mobile. The browser is independent, as our users!
As this browser is based upon Mozilla's GeckoView browser engine, it allows us to have our freedom while choosing standards and features. This lets us create a user interface that has a faster browsing pace and unprecedented performance.
Also Read : Android 11 Release Postponed; Google Pushes Android 11 Beta Launch Show
Furthermore, the browser protects its users by maintaining privacy and security well-in advance.
What is for the User Experience in New Firefox Development?
Maintaining an existing product with no updates is a complex process filled with pitfalls. If you avoid pitfalls by not upgrading the product, then you are keeping your users away from a better experience of the product.
The same was the story of Mozilla Firefox in Android!
According to Vesta Zare - Staff Product Manager, Firefox Mobile - Mozilla, "To give a better browsing experience in Android smartphones, we looked closely at all the existing features and functionalities. We selected the best features of desktop browsers and implemented them into Android."
She further added, "Over the last few years, we were quite busy in improving the Firefox desktop browsing experience and then thought to give it a try in the Android version of the browser. Previously, the earlier versions of the Firefox browser for Android were separately available as an application called Firefox Preview. But this time we stepped forward, thought more on giving active customer experience."
We did experiments and launched many new tools like Firefox Monitor, Picture-in-Picture feature, Send and Lockwise, Enhanced Tracking Protection, Dark Mode, support to extensions/add-ons, and Firefox privacy technology.
According to the feedback from users, we think that Mozilla worked in the direction and worked hard to bring a clear sense of protection and convenience of browser experience in smartphones.
As a result of the extensive testing of features and rapid thinking of the team, Mozilla convinced the users that "The Firefox mobile experience on Android devices is a way better than before."
With this new browser in the Android market, the race of the best Firefox extension development in USA is on and becoming more competitive day by day!
What do you think readers? Will this new browser become the #1?
Try the new Firefox for your Android Phone!
Zare is extremely happy and proud of Mozilla, that the Firefox for Android shaped and founded better browsers for their users worldwide!
The users having the Mozilla Firefox browser in their Android devices will receive the revamped browser update depending on their device preferences. (You can manually update your browser)
All your data, browsing history, bookmarks, will automatically migrate to the new and updated version of the Firefox app for Android phones.
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text:
An anti-war placard is seen during the demonstration in Parliament Square. Demonstrators gathered in protest against the Taliban, whose forces have taken over Afghanistan, as the UK Government debated the crisis. The protesters, some of whom are former translators for the British Army, also called on the UK Government to protect the citizens of Afghanistan. (Photo: Vuk Valcic/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)
The Crimes of the West in Afghanistan and the Suffering That Remains
As in Iraq, as in Libya, as in Mali. It is time to finally bury the doctrine of the so-called "responsibility to protect", which was coined at the time of the beginning of the Afghan war, and to brand it as what it was from the beginning: a neocolonial project.
Fabian Scheidler
The headless flight of NATO troops from Afghanistan and the havoc they leave behind are only the last chapter in a devastating story that began in October 2001. At that time, the US government, supported by allies including the German administration, announced that the terror attacks of September 11 should be answered by a war in Afghanistan. None of the assassins were Afghan. And the Taliban government at the time even offered the US to extradite Osama bin Laden—an offer the US did not even respond to. Virtually no word was said about the country of origin of 15 of the 19 terrorists—Saudi Arabia. On the contrary: members of the Bin Laden family were flown out of the USA in a night-and-fog operation so that they could not be interrogated. After classified parts of the 9/11 commission report were released in 2016, it emerged that high-ranking members of the Saudi embassy in Washington had been in contact with the terrorists before the attacks. Consequences? None. They are our allies.
Thörner predicted that the complicity of the NATO troops in the war crimes and the "counterinsurgency methods from the colonial era" would turn the population more and more against the West and strengthen fundamentalism.
So Afghanistan was attacked. Already during the Cold War, the US and Saudi Arabia had supported Islamists there on a large scale against the Soviet Union. Now the Islamist warlords of the "Northern Alliance" were the new allies. The German Armed Forces flanked the US troops. While their deployment was shrouded in the narrative of a "humanitarian intervention", the Bundeswehr in fact worked hand in hand with the warlords, as investigative journalist Marc Thörner reported. (He was the only German reporter on site who was not embedded in the military.) Thörner predicted that the complicity of the NATO troops in the war crimes and the "counterinsurgency methods from the colonial era" would turn the population more and more against the West and strengthen fundamentalism. We see the result today: the triumph of the Taliban across the country.
The US troops as well as the Bundeswehr and other allies not only supported war criminals on the ground, they also committed serious crimes themselves. None of the perpetrators was ever convicted in court for this. Take Kunduz, for example: in September 2009 the Bundeswehr bombed a mainly civilian trek here, with over one hundred dead or seriously injured, including children. The proceedings against those primarily responsible, Colonel Georg Klein and Defense Minister Jung (CDU), ended with acquittals. In 2010, WikiLeaks published 76,000 previously classified documents about the war, containing references to hundreds of other war crimes. But instead of investigating these cases and bringing the guilty to justice, the messenger, Julian Assange, was pursued. Today he is sitting, critically ill, in a British high-security prison and has to fear being extradited to the USA, where he is threatened with life imprisonment under inhumane conditions. The UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, Nils Melzer, came to the conclusion, after an in-depth investigation of the case, that Assange had been and is systematically tortured by Western authorities. Most of the big media, which got a lot of attention and made money with the leaks of their journalist colleague, have now largely dropped him. And with it the defense of the freedom of the press, which is especially crucial when it comes to questions of war and peace. So Assange is on trial—and not the war criminals.
All those who warned against the Afghanistan war were ridiculed from the start as naive pacifists or even accused of evading humanitarian responsibility and thus playing into the hands of the Islamists. But today it is finally clear: the alleged humanitarian operation only plunged the country further into misery and strengthened the Islamists. As in Iraq, as in Libya, as in Mali. It is time to finally bury the doctrine of the so-called "responsibility to protect", which was coined at the time of the beginning of the Afghan war, and to brand it as what it was from the beginning: a neocolonial project.
Instead of military interventions, one could, for example, begin to drain the terror sponsor Saudi Arabia financially and stop all arms exports there. It would also be worthwhile to advance the project of a Conference for Security and Cooperation in the Middle East, which—based on the model of the détente policy of the OSCE in Cold War Europe—could be working on a new civil security architecture for the region.
The Afghanistan debacle should also be an occasion to question the enormous expansion of Western military budgets in recent years, which was justified not least of all by deployments abroad. German military spending went up from € 40 billion to € 52 billion from 2015 to 2020, an increase of a whopping 30 percent. The US military budget is at $ 778 billion, about twelve times of what Russia spends for its army. This money is urgently needed for tasks that really move the world forward, especially for countering the climate urgency and for a socio-ecological transition. The US military not only has a gloomy balance sheet in terms of peace policy, but is also THE largest greenhouse gas emitter on Earth. It is time for a slimming cure.
Fabian Scheidler is the author of "The End of the Megamachine. A Brief History of a Failing Civilization" (2019). See more of his work on his website here. Follow him on Twitter: @ScheidlerFabian
Ex-Prisoners Recall US Torture at 'Afghanistan's Abu Ghraib'
Brett Wilkins · Sep 22, 2021
Digital Farm Technology Is Not the Climate Panacea Corporations Want You to Think It Is
Astrud Lea Beringer · Oct 19, 2021
Congress Pushed to Pass Fix After Watchdog Finds 13 Ex-Officials Illegally Campaigned for Trump
Brett Wilkins · Nov 9, 2021
At the End of This Catastrophic War, We Need to Face the Truth
David Bacon · Aug 30, 2021


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When you arrive at Lombok, no matter if it's at the airport or by boat, our staff are able to pick you up and transfer you to our hotel and office in Senaru. Once you arrive in Senaru, you will meet our staff, who will assist in completing your registration, before a short briefing with your guide. You will learn about the trekking procedure and get prepared for the trip. Arriving at the latest 1h before sunset, you can go see the Sindang Gile and Tiu Kelap Waterfall. Please note, you can arrive the same day as the trekking. But we recommend you come the day before and spend the night so there will be no delays.
Our guide will pick you up at hotel lobby at 06.30 AM, then transfer and Register at the Rinjani Information Center (RIC) in Sembalun Lawang Village (1,156 m). You will meet your guide and arrange the National Park entry tickets. The trek starts with a gentle ascent, walking through open grassland used as cattle grazing by local people. Resting at Pos 1 Pemantauan (1,300), after about three hours from Sembalun we will reach Pos 2, Tengengean (1,500 m), where we can enjoy the beautiful views of Mt. Rinjani summit (3,726 m). Another hour's ascent to Pos 3 Pada Balong (1,800 m), we start the third phase and half climb amidst the pine-like Casuarinas species, locally known as Cemara, perhaps seeing evidence of wild pigs and the long-tailed grey macaque monkeys, to the camp site at Sembalun Crater Rim (2,639 m).
02.30am will be a light breakfast, and we will begin the necessary preparations for the hard three-hour climb to the summit (3,726 m). Once there, you can enjoy proud feelings of satisfaction, and the amazing sunrise views across the Wallace Line to Bali, Mt. Agung and Sumbawa. 06.30am, an optional tour departs the summit for Sembalun Crater Rim Camp – walking time approx 1.5 hours. After breakfast, we go down to the lake Segara Anak (2,000 m) within the Rinjani crater. Mt. Baru is an island in the lake and an active volcano, last erupting dramatically in 1994. And we shall return down the ridge passing numerous edelweiss plants, Bunga Abadi, to the crater rim camp for a well-deserved breakfast. It takes two to three hours down the steep trail to the crater lake and day 2's camp. The rest of the day is spent relaxing, swimming in the lake and exploring the caves and a pilgrimage to the hot springs, believed to have healing powers. while our porters preparing for your lunch. After lunch break, leave the lake and climb for two and half hours up to Senaru Crater Rim (2,461 m) for the day 2's camp. Dinner and overnight at crater rim if weather permitted or another hour down to Cemara Lima.
After breakfast, we descend down the long trail to Senaru village (601 m), through thick tropical forests rich in flora, bird life and a variety of butterflies. You might see orchids and, if lucky, the rare black ebony leaf monkey, known locally as lutung. Rest stops are taken along the way, with village stories and local legends related by your guide. Features include the Batu Penyesalan stone and Bayan tree bunut ngengkang that looks like someone standing with their legs apart. After seven hours walk from the Rim, (or five hours from Pos 3 Mondokon Lokak), the trek ends at Rinjani Information Center at the road head in Senaru, where the car is waiting to take you back to your hotel and your next destination.
Copyright ©2019 Hallo Trekker. All Rights Reserved.


Restorative Yoga provides deep physical and subtle emotional support, so it is the perfect antidote for anyone who is overly busy, stressed, exhausted, depleted or feeling disconnected from themselves. Stress disorders, including insomnia, anxiety and depression, are the most common mental illness in the US. Restorative yoga can help to support anxiety, depression and the experience of grief.
Yoga offers a unique approach to depression as it addresses the mental and the physiological factors factors that lead to depression. Working with Restorative Yoga, the physical systems relax, heart rate reduces, blood pressure lowers, and respiration becomes easier. It helps to modulate stress response systems,particularly the stressors of anxiety and depression, and helps us begin the process of self-investigation and discovery.


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Q: Performing logical tests against multiple rows in R I'm fairly new in R and struggling to get this. The type of problem I'm trying to address involves one data frame containing books and the start and end page of a particular chapter.
book <- c("Dune", "LOTR", "LOTR", "OriginOfSpecies", "OldManSea")
chapt.start <- c(300, 8, 94, 150, 600)
chapt.end <- c(310, 19, 110, 158, 630)
df1 <- data.frame(books, chapt.start, chapt.end)
df1

books chapt.start chapt.end
1            Dune         300       310
2            LOTR           8        19
3            LOTR          94       110
4 OriginOfSpecies         150       158
5       OldManSea         600       630

My second dataframe contains a list of book titles and a single page.
title <- c("LOTR", "LOTR", "LOTR", "OriginOfSpecies", "OldManSea", "OldManSea")
page <- c(4, 12, 30, 200, 620, 650)
df2 <- data.frame(title, page)
df2

title page
1            LOTR    4
2            LOTR   12
3            LOTR   30
4 OriginOfSpecies  200
5       OldManSea  620
6       OldManSea  650

What I'm trying to ask is for each row in df1 is whether df2 contains any rows with the corresponding book title and the page is within the chapter, i.e. df2$title==df1$book and df2$page>df1$chapt.start and df2$page < df1$chapt.end
The desired output for these data would be FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE
Is this best approached as some kind of for, ifelse loop, sapply, or something different? Thanks for your help people!

A: This is a range-based join. There are three good ways to do this in R. All of these are returning the page number itself instead of true/false, it should be straight-forward to convert to logical with something like !is.na(page).
sqldf
library(sqldf)
sqldf(
  "select df1.*, df2.page
   from df1
     left join df2 on df1.book=df2.title
       and df2.page between df1.[chapt.start] and df1.[chapt.end]")
#              book chapt.start chapt.end page
# 1            Dune         300       310   NA
# 2            LOTR           8        19   12
# 3            LOTR          94       110   NA
# 4 OriginOfSpecies         150       158   NA
# 5       OldManSea         600       630  620

fuzzyjoin
(Edited out, see @IanCampbell's answer.)
data.table
library(data.table)
DT1 <- as.data.table(df1)
DT2 <- as.data.table(df2)
DT2[, p2 := page][DT1, on = .(title == book, p2 >= chapt.start, p2 <= chapt.end)]
#              title  page    p2  p2.1
#             <char> <num> <num> <num>
# 1:            Dune    NA   300   310
# 2:            LOTR    12     8    19
# 3:            LOTR    NA    94   110
# 4: OriginOfSpecies    NA   150   158
# 5:       OldManSea   620   600   630

The reason I add p2 as a copy of page is that data.table on range-joins replaces the left's (inequality) column with those from the right (or something like that), so we'd lose that bit of info.

A: You're looking for a non-equi join. This can be accomplished in many ways, but I prefer the fuzzyjoin package:
library(fuzzyjoin)
fuzzy_left_join(df1, df2,
                by = c( "books" = "title" , "chapt.start" = "page", "chapt.end" = "page"),
                match_fun = c(`==`, `<=`, `>=`))
            books chapt.start chapt.end     title page
1            Dune         300       310      <NA>   NA
2            LOTR           8        19      LOTR   12
3            LOTR          94       110      <NA>   NA
4 OriginOfSpecies         150       158      <NA>   NA
5       OldManSea         600       630 OldManSea  620

From here it's easy to get to the desired output:
library(dplyr)
fuzzy_left_join(df1, df2,
                by = c( "books" = "title" , "chapt.start" = "page", "chapt.end" = "page"),
                match_fun = c(`==`, `<=`, `>=`)) %>%
  mutate(result = !is.na(page)) %>%
  select(-c(title,page))
            books chapt.start chapt.end result
1            Dune         300       310  FALSE
2            LOTR           8        19   TRUE
3            LOTR          94       110  FALSE
4 OriginOfSpecies         150       158  FALSE
5       OldManSea         600       630   TRUE

A: using dplyr only i.e. without purrr or fuzzyjoin
df2 %>% right_join(df1 %>% mutate(id = row_number()), by = c("title" = "book")) %>%
  group_by(id, title) %>%
  summarise(desired = ifelse(is.na(as.logical(sum(chapt.start <= page & page <= chapt.end))),
                             F,
                             as.logical(sum(chapt.start <= page & page <= chapt.end))))

# A tibble: 5 x 3
# Groups:   id [5]
     id title           desired
  <int> <chr>           <lgl>
1     1 Dune            FALSE
2     2 LOTR            TRUE
3     3 LOTR            FALSE
4     4 OriginOfSpecies FALSE
5     5 OldManSea       TRUE

A: Another approach using purrr without joining data
Create a logical check variable for df1
library(dplyr)
library(purrr)

# This function design to take ... which is a row of data from pmap
# And then look up if there is any record match condition define in df2
look_up_check_df1 <- function(..., page_df) {
  book_record <- tibble(...)
  any_record <- page_df %>%
    filter(title == book_record[["book"]],
      page >= book_record[["chapt.start"]],
      page <= book_record[["chapt.end"]])

  nrow(any_record) > 0
}
df1$check <- pmap_lgl(df1, look_up_check_df1, page_df = df2)
df1
#>              book chapt.start chapt.end check
#> 1            Dune         300       310 FALSE
#> 2            LOTR           8        19  TRUE
#> 3            LOTR          94       110 FALSE
#> 4 OriginOfSpecies         150       158 FALSE
#> 5       OldManSea         600       630  TRUE

Same logics just did it for df2
# If the check is for df2 then just need to revised it a bit
look_up_check <- function(..., book_chapters_df) {
  page_record <- tibble(...)
  any_record <- book_chapters_df %>%
    filter(book == page_record[["title"]],
      chapt.start <= page_record[["page"]],
      chapt.end >= page_record[["page"]])

  nrow(any_record) > 0
}

# Run a pmap_lgl which passing each row of df2 into function look_up_check
# and return a vector of logical TRUE/FALSE
df2$check <- pmap_lgl(df2, look_up_check, book_chapters_df = df1)

df2
#>             title page check
#> 1            LOTR    4 FALSE
#> 2            LOTR   12  TRUE
#> 3            LOTR   30 FALSE
#> 4 OriginOfSpecies  200 FALSE
#> 5       OldManSea  620  TRUE
#> 6       OldManSea  650 FALSE

Created on 2021-04-12 by the reprex package (v1.0.0)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Mumbai proposes ban on lingerie clad mannequins
Following a gruesome trend of sexual attacks on Indian women, authorities are scrambling to stamp out sex crimes – apparently blamed on sexual desires of men – by banning mannequins wearing skimpy lingerie.
A member of city council in the Indian city of Mumbai claims that these inanimate objects can seduce men into assaulting women, reports AFP.
"I believe that mannequins, especially the two-piece clothes, have an impact on the incidence of crimes against women in the state. Such a display affects the mindset of men," Mumbai's Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) member Ritu Tawade said.
Tawade said the draft of the proposal, which will ban lingerie-clad mannequin from shopfronts and store showrooms, is awaiting final clearance from the civic body's chief.
The proposal triggered derision from commentators and women's rights groups.
"What nonsense. Mannequins are on display in so many countries. Thinking of committing a crime is in the head and not from an outside source," activist Sharada Sathe said.
An Indian news portal also criticized Tawade's motion. "Except a handful of perverts who don't need the provocation of a plastic doll in lace to pounce on women, average Indian men don't break into sweat and run into lampposts at the mere sight of lingerie," an article read.
Father of New Delhi gang rape victim wants to reveal her name
US to honour victim of Delhi gang-rape as woman of courage
India suspends doctors aborting female fetuses
Up to 300,000 one-day-old babies die each year in India


Actions: Tonifies kidney Yang – can reach and tonify the Ming Men; eliminates cold and damp.
• Kidney Yang deficiency: impotence, nocturnal emission, urinary incontinence, cold in the chest and abdomen, infertility from cold Jing or cold womb.
• Cold-damp Bi: cold and pain in the lumbar region, knees, abdomen, a sense of weakness in the bones and sinews.
• Especially useful for cold abdominal or lower back pain.
• Often taken soaked in wine by itself.
• Compared to Ba ji tian and Yin yang huo, Xian mao is stronger and harsher. It should not be taken long term.
• Toxic reactions, such as swelling of the tongue, can occur. This can be alleviated with a decoction of Da huang, Huang lian, and Huang qin.
MLT: For menopausal symptoms from deficiency of both Yin and Yang.
• Use as an alternative to Fu zi and Rou gui when they would be too heating and stimulating.
Where on earth do I purchase these herbs? I appreciate the information however, it would be quite awesome if you give direction on where we can find the herbs.. Please respond?
I don't know where lay people get Chinese herbs, but you might try contacting the major suppliers for professionals – Nuherbs, Mayway, Asia Natural, Spring Wind. And if you Google "bulk Chinese herbs" I'm sure there are sites where you can buy these herbs (probably with a substantial markup). However, if you aren't trained in Chinese herbal medicine, I don't recommend treating yourself or anyone else. One of the greatest strengths of this system of medicine is its diagnostic framework and the seamless continuity between diagnostic terminology and therapeutic terminology. If you don't have a clear diagnosis, but apply these herbs based on the symptoms of certain patterns which may or may not be present in yourself/your patient, your results are likely to be mediocre at best.
CHINA TOWN. Every major city has a china town, and herbal shops. This is where you get herbs. Print out the chinese word of the herb from TCM sites.


Net contribution to the EU EUR 3,436.88 mil.
In 2016 the taxpayers of Italy contributed to the European Union 78 euros per head over what they received. Since its accession to the EU the country has paid to the European Union EUR 113101 million over what it has received. Select a year in the upper right-hand corner to see details for other years.
Italy was a founding member of the European Community in 1967. In November 1993 the European Community transformed itself into the European Union. The valley of Livigno in the Italian Alps is outside the EU's fiscal and customs union, so the inhabitants of Livigno don't pay customs to the EU, and they don't contribute to Italian payments to the EU budget through VAT and excise duties. They contribute only through Italian direct taxes. Although the Valley of Aosta was supposed to gain similar privilege and is defined as "zona franca" (duty free area) under its constitution, it has so far failed to put its statute into practice.


text:
R.I.P. Comedian John Pinette
By The Deadline Team
The Deadline Team
More Stories By The Deadline
Ken Rosenthal Out At MLB Network After More Than 12 Years
Wayne Thiebaud Dies: California Painter Of the Everyday Was 101
'The Voice' Names Season 21 Winner On NBC
April 6, 2014 4:41pm
Stand up comedian and actor John Pinette died Saturday in Pittsburgh after suffering a pulmonary embolism, his manager of 24 years Larry Schapiro confirms. He was 50. Pinette, a veteran of the comedy club circuit who underwent treatment for prescription drug addiction last year, was found dead in his hotel room yesterday afternoon. No autopsy was conducted. Pinette's feature film credits include '90s comedy films Reckless Kelly, Junior, and Simon Sez as well as Duets, The Punisher, Rio Sex Comedy, and Hyung-rae Shim's The Last Godfather. On the small screen, Pinette was a regular on Parker Lewis Can't Lose and appeared on Vinnie & Bobby, High Tide, and on the series finale of Seinfeld. His comedy special John Pinette: Still Hungry premiered on Comedy Central in 2011. At the time of his death the L.A.-based comedian was touring and developing his next stand-up special, titled John Pinette: They Call Me Slim.
This article was printed from	https://deadline.com/2014/04/comedian-john-pinette-dead-710482/


Overview of Kaolin Clay Drying Calciner: ... Calcined kaolin powder is used in rubber industry, which can improve ... It is the ideal equipment for fine milling.
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Find Calcined Kaolin related suppliers, manufacturers, products and specifications on GlobalSpec - a trusted source of Calcined Kaolin information.
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A place to talk about music. Music touches everybody's life in some way. No matter what the genre, no matter how old or new, just talk about your favorite artists and albums. It could be anything from the latest hits to golden oldies.
Songs Connor is obssessed with.
Can someone PLEASE explain why this song is so appealing?
and why it plays on the radio five frickin times a day???
What are some songs that have had a big impact on you?
Anyone else play the piano?


text:
Directions from your current location
First UU Church of Columbus
93 W Weisheimer Rd
office@firstuucolumbus.org
First Unitarian Universalist Church
A Welcoming Liberal Religious Congregation
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Accessibility of Building & Programs
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Tuesday Talks
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Navigators USA (Scouts)
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Justice Action Ministry
Systemic Change
Direct Service Projects
Engagement Overview
FirstUU Auction
All Soles Contra & Square Dance
Connections Form
Joys & Sorrows Form
Covenant Group Registration
RE Forms
Some of our spiritual ancestors in Poland gave up the idea of infant Baptism 400 years ago, as they did not count a child as having been born with a sin that needed to be washed away. But they did recognize the need to welcome children with ceremony.
Over the centuries, the idea of a Dedication Ceremony, and now a Naming Ceremony, developed. Originally, the focus of the ceremony was on the parents…they "dedicated" their lives to bringing up the child in a good Christian home so that when the child was older, she or he might choose Baptism. But in time, as the idea of Baptism itself lost favor with Unitarians and Universalists, the focus shifted more to the child, and to the naming and welcoming of the infant into the common life and family.
For members of the congregation, this ceremony will ordinarily take place in one of three Sunday Celebrations during the year, the last Sunday in September, the Sunday before Christmas, and Mother's Day, the Second Sunday in May. The ceremony may also take place at the home, or be held in the Worship Center at a more private time.
Here in Columbus, the ceremony involves Seven Blessings–the blessings of the four elements, and the three names usually given a child. These last three the celebrant interprets with the help of the parents.
There is no fee for this ceremony for members. Only private ceremonies are available to non-members, after consultation with one of the ministers.
This Weeks Service
Your Experience with the Universe is Your Authority
January 26th at 9:00am & 11:00am Kelli McNeal, Rev. Dana Reynolds
In our faith tradition, authority draws on our experience and is informed by reason, not a creed. Today we'll look at how that authority influences "power with" instead of "power over" religion.
Tuesday Talk
Meet our Senior Minister
Rev. Marian became First UU's settled Senior Minister in 2017; the fifth Senior Minister, and the first woman, to serve the congregation in this role. Rev. Marian preaches from the head and the heart, and leads through listening and collaboration. She believes a strong church is one that works together.
© 2020 First Unitarian Universalist Church
InSpirit UU Books & Gifts


text:
← Wireless Silent Spring
National Toxicology Program Final Reports on Cell Phone Radiation →
Marin County joining challenge to FCC over 5G implementation
ZERO5G Posted on November 1, 2018 by Jolie Diane November 1, 2018
1 November 2018 | Bay City News Service | SF Gate |
Marin County officials announced Wednesday they are joining other local governments in challenging a Federal Communications Commission order aimed at accelerating the implementation of the fifth generation of wireless service, known as 5G.
Marin County Counsel Brian Washington said the Board of Supervisors reported that it reached the decision in a closed meeting on Tuesday to file a challenge in a federal appeals court.
The county and other cities and counties claim a Sept. 26 FCC order on the deployment of the new technology illegally intrudes on their power to regulate the aesthetic and safety aspects of the placement of new antennas and structures needed for 5G service.
Washington said Marin County will join a coalition of public entities represented by a Washington, D.C., law firm, Spiegel & McDiarmid LLP, and that the petition will be filed soon.
Twenty-five other West Coast cities and counties, including a group led by the city of San Jose, previously filed similar challenges in the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco on Oct. 24.
The upcoming 5G networks use a different technology, including higher frequencies, and are expected to provide faster service and more coverage than the previous generations.
They use smaller antenna devices, typically no larger than a small backpack, according to the FCC, but have shorter ranges and must be more closely spaced. The new antennas would be placed on existing publicly owned utility poles, new poles or other structures.
The FCC order limits cities' abilities to regulate antenna placement for aesthetic reasons and limits the fees they can charge communications companies.
It requires local governments to act within 60 days on companies' applications to place an antenna on an existing pole or structure and within 90 days on applications for installation on a new structure.
Tim Lay, an attorney in the Spiegel & McDiarmid law firm, said he expects that the challenges filed in different circuit courts in the nation will be sent to a single circuit court, which will set a schedule for filings of briefs and a hearing.
In one of Oct. 24 petitions in the 9th Circuit, San Jose led a coalition of 19 other West Coast cities and counties, including the town of Fairfax and the cities of Piedmont, Burlingame, Monterey and Los Angeles.
Another petition was filed by Seattle, Tacoma and Kings County of Washington state and the third was filed by Huntington Beach.
The FCC said in its Sept. 26 order that 5G services "can unleash a new wave of entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic opportunity for communities across the country."
It said the order, scheduled to go into effect on Jan. 14, "is the next step in the FCC's ongoing efforts to remove regulatory barriers that would unlawfully inhibit the deployment of infrastructure necessary to support these new services."


text:
Q: Trigonometric inequality for the sum of sin and cos I need a proof for the following trigonometric inequality
$$\frac{|\sin x| + |\cos x|}{\sqrt2} \leq 1- \frac{\cos^2(2x)}{8}$$
Can someone please help me with this?

A: Let$$y=f(x)=\frac{|\sin x| + |\cos x|}{\sqrt2}+\frac{\cos^22x}{8}\quad(x\in \Bbb R).$$The shift $x\leftarrow x+{\frac12}n\pi\;(n\in \Bbb Z)$ leaves $f(x)$ invariant; so we may take $x\in [0,{\frac12}\pi].$ Write $x={\frac14}\pi+\theta.$ Then $$y=\cos\theta+{\frac18}\sin^22\theta=u+{\frac12}u^2-{\frac12}u^4,$$ where $u=\cos\theta$ with $\theta\in[-{\frac14}\pi,{\frac14}\pi].$ Now$$\frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm du}=1+u-2u^3=(1-u)[u^2+(1+u)^2],$$ which is clearly positive for $1/\sqrt2< u< 1.$ Hence the extrema of $y$ are attained at $u=1/\sqrt2$ and $u=1,$ where $y=1/\sqrt2+1/8$ and $y=1$ respectively. Therefore $y\leqslant 1.$


Based on Plymouth University's campus, Literature Works is an independent charity whose mission is to enable and nurture literature development activity in the region. The team supports, understands and advocates for the regional literary sector in all its contexts, for everyone and for all ages, and works closely with the School of English and Creative Writing, Writing Café and on the National Memory Day project.
opportunities to write up reviews and interviews with writers and poets and having them published on our website.
ensures that sector's place, growth, relevance and value in a national and international literature development future.
Find out more and to sign up to Literature Works monthly Newsletter at the Literature Works website.
The potential for creative writing and poetry to empower those affected by memory loss is celebrated by National Memory Day, a project led by Literature Works, in partnership with English and Creative Writing at Plymouth University, Alzheimer's Society and The Poetry Archive.
The project is raising funds to provide a programme of workshops in the Alzheimer's Society Memory Café initiative around the UK, which explore memories through the recital and recollection of poetry. Money raised will also underpin medical research into dementia therapies and in search of a cure.
For more information about the project and to donate, please visit the National Memory Day website.
Plymouth University's partnership with Literature Works aims to enhance knowledge transfer between academics within the Faculty of Arts and Humanities and the creative industries, and champion local and regional successes across the creative sectors.
During the 2016 Festival, the University had over 30 students on site, undertaking various roles with a focus on knowledge transfer and increasing employability through our collaboration with Hole & Corner's Maker tent. We were also very excited to have a number of our academics involved in Port Eliot's inaugural 'Science and Arts' series in the Round Room and our continued collaboration with Literature Works in the Tiddy Tent.
Building on the success of the city's Plymouth International Book Festival, the new and improved Plymouth Festival of Words will take place between Wednesday 3-Sunday 7 May 2017 celebrating literature and 'words' through a diverse range of art forms including theatre, film and more.
Find out more about the Festival of Words.
It isn't always easy to know what you want to do after graduation but you have to be honest about what will make you happy… figure out what makes you stand out and lead with that.
Michelle Philips has worked alongside the UK Space Agency, the RNIB, biographer Carl Rollyson, and Plymouth academics since graduating in 2013.
The Writing Cafe is a unique and creative space where everyone is welcome to explore techniques and strategies to improve their writing. Come on in and have a conversation with a member of the Learning Development team, work with one of our trained student writing mentors, or take part in one of the many events and activities centred on writing.
Located on the fourth floor of Babbage Building. The cafe is open from Monday-Friday, 10am-3pm.
Supported by Plymouth University, this project offered easy access to reading materials and content themed to the Principia mission involving British astronaut Tim Peake. For every month that Tim circled the Earth, the One Giant Read website published a series of themed writing and reading challenges. The series featured the thoughts of a number of Plymouth University scientists which included Executive Dean of Science and Environment, Professor Kevin Jones and the National Marine Aquarium Chair in the Public Understanding of Oceans and Human Health, Professor Camille Parmesan.
One Giant Read gave audiences an out of this world literary experience.


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Rachael Koscica's Camera-Ready Style
Jorge Salazar
| What Are You Wearing? |
Jorge Salazar | September 16, 2011 | 7:30am
As a photography student in her second year at Arizona State University, Rachael Koscica knows the importance of shopping on a dime (especially when it comes to clothing).
"Being a college student, I don't have very much money," says Rachael Koscica. "So I find unique stuff at second-hand stores. Stuff that other people may not have."
Koscica, who's photography has been displayed at ASU's W.P. Carey School of Business and will show in Flagstaff next month at Visual Collective, keeps her style fresh with pieces that include vintage finds and her own creations.
What are you wearing?
A vintage jumper, a black and white striped shirt and red sandals. My friend told me I look very French today.
What is your favorite thing to wear?
Vintage dresses, I'd have to see. They're classy, non-expensive and they're really comfortable to wear.
What's the most attention-grabbing thing you've worn?
I got this red pea coat from Victoria secret. My mom bought it for me for my 18th birthday. I love it so much that my mom bought me another jacket one size bigger so I could wear it when I'm old.
What was your last purchase?
It was a shirt from Forever 21 with a rainbow across the front. It's a cut-off shirt with the words "Same Shirt, Different Day".
Where do you like to shop?
I like Buffalo Exchange, and sometimes Goodwill. Usually at second hand stores. The clothes that you get at thrift stores are cheap and fun to scavenge for. I kind of like that they've been worn before. I can wear it and pass it on to somebody else someday.
What do you like to accessorize with?
Rings. I also have a lot of necklaces and like wearing peacock earrings.
What item of clothing do you covet at the moment?
I want new cigarette jeans from Urban Outfitters. They're only like $50 bucks, and are the best I've ever bought.
Where would you love to have a shopping spree?
Urban Outfitters. A lot of their clothes can be edgy but classy. I try to find clothes that look similar of their style at second hand stores.
Give us a childhood memory of you and clothing:
When I was a kid, I had this yellow tank top. It had a lime green trimming around the collars and arms, and wide neck. It had two little characters in running action, with the word JOG on the bottom. It was pretty 90s. It was so comfortable and I loved it. I would wait by the dryer for it whenever my mom did laundry. I still have it.
Name five things every woman should have in their closet:
1. A pair of black skinny jeans.
2. A classy dress.
3. A pea coat for the winter.
4. Flannel shirts
5. Sweaters for the winter.
What is your one piece of fashion advice for Phoenix:
Don't wear shorts that are too short. I don't like it when I can see a girl's butt cheeks hanging out. To look sexy and classy, less isn't more.
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