text:
(Redirected from Hajduks)
This article is about the former outlaws and guerrilla fighters of the Balkans. For other uses, see Hajduk (disambiguation).
Find sources: "Hajduk" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A hajduk is a type of irregular infantry found in Central and parts of Southeast Europe from the early 17th to mid 19th centuries. They have reputations ranging from bandits to freedom fighters depending on time, place, and their enemies.
Hajduk, 1703
Portrait of Hajduk-Veljko, a prominent Serbian outlaw fighting against Ottoman occupation during the first half of the 19th century.
In the European lands of the Ottoman Empire, the term hajduk was used to describe bandits and brigands of the Balkans, while in Central Europe for the West Slavs, Hungarians, Romanians and Germans it was used to refer to outlaws who protected Christians against provocative actions by the Ottomans. In the 17th century they were firmly established in the Ottoman Balkans, owing to increased taxes, Christian victories against the Ottomans, and a general decline in security. Hajduk bands predominantly numbered one hundred men each, with a firm hierarchy under one leader. They targeted Ottoman representatives and rich people, mainly rich Turks, for plunder or punishment to oppressive Ottomans, or revenge or a combination of all.[1]
In Balkan folkloric tradition, the hajduk (hajduci or haiduci in the plural) is a romanticised hero figure who steals from, and leads his fighters into battle against, the Ottoman or Habsburg authorities. They are comparable to the English legendary Robin Hood and his merry men, who stole from the rich (who as in the case of the hajduci happened to also be foreign occupants) and gave to the poor, while defying seemingly unjust laws and authority.
The hajduci of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries commonly were as much guerrilla fighters against the Ottoman rule as they were bandits and highwaymen who preyed not only on Ottomans and their local representatives, but also on local merchants and travellers. As such, the term could also refer to any robber and carry a negative connotation.[2][3]
2 Irregular military
2.1 Kingdom of Hungary
2.2 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2.3 Serbian Militia (1718–39)
3 Cultural influence
3.1 In academics
4 Notable hajduks
4.1 Albanian
4.2 Bulgarian
4.3 Region of Macedonia
4.4 Romanian
4.5 Greek
4.6 Hungarian
4.7 Ukrainian
4.8 Czech, Polish and Slovak
4.9 Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian
EtymologyEdit
The etymology of the word hajduk is unclear. One theory is that hajduk was derived from the Turkish word haidut or haydut 'bandit', which was originally used by the Ottomans to refer to Hungarian and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth infantry soldiers. Another theory suggests that the word comes from Hungarian hajtó or hajdó (plural hajtók or hajdók) '(cattle) drover'.[4] These two theories do not necessarily contradict each other because the Balkan word is said to be derived from the Turkish word haiduk or hayduk 'bandit'.[2][3][5]
Other spellings in English include ajduk, haydut, haiduk, haiduc, hayduck, and hayduk.
Forms of the word in various languages
Forms of the word in various languages, in singular form, include:
hajdut, in Albanian; in the ordinary sense of "thief"
hayduk (հայդուկ), in Armenian; used as a male given name, and it means "Armenian freedom fighter".
hajduk, in Bosnian
haydut (хайдут), haydutin (хайдутин) or hayduk (хайдук), in Bulgarian
hajduk, in Croatian
haidouk, haiduque, in French
aiducco, in Italian
hajdú, in Hungarian
ajduk (ајдук), ajdutin (ајдутин), in Macedonian
hajduk, in Polish
Hajduk, in Romani
haiduc, in Romanian
hajduk (хајдук), in Serbian
hajdúch in Slovak
hejduk, in Swedish
haydut, in Turkish; in the ordinary sense of "bandit"
hejduk, in Kurdish
gajduk (гайдук), in Russian
haidamaka (гайдамака), in Ukrainian
haydamak (הײַדאַמאַק), in Yiddish
Irregular militaryEdit
Main article: Irregular military
Kingdom of HungaryEdit
See also: Hajduk (Kingdom of Hungary)
István Bocskay and his hajduk warriors
In 1604–1606, István Bocskay, Lord of Bihar, led an insurrection against the Habsburg Emperor, whose army had recently occupied Transylvania and begun a reign of terror. The bulk of Bocskay's army was composed of serfs who had either fled from the war and the Habsburg drive toward Catholic conversion, or been discharged from the Imperial Army. These peasants, freelance soldiers, were known as the hajduk. As a reward for their service, Bocskay emancipated the hajduk from the jurisdiction of their lords, granted them land, and guaranteed them rights to own property and to personal freedom. The emancipated hajduk constituted a new "warrior estate" within Hungarian feudal society. Many of the settlements created at this time still bear the prefix Hajdú such as Hajdúbagos, Hajdúböszörmény, Hajdúdorog, Hajdúhadház, Hajdúnánás, Hajdúsámson, Hajdúszoboszló, Hajdúszovát, Hajdúvid etc., and the whole area is called Hajdúság (Land of the Hajduk) (see Hajdú County).
Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthEdit
Main article: Hajduk (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)
Polish nobleman and two hajduk guards.
The word hajduk was initially a colloquial term for a style of footsoldier, Hungarian or Turco-Balkan in inspiration, that formed the backbone of the Polish infantry arm from the 1570s until about the 1630s. Unusually for this period, Polish-Lithuanian hajduks wore uniforms, typically of grey-blue woolen cloth, with red collar and cuffs. Their principal weapon was a small calibre matchlock firearm, known as an arquebus. For close combat they also carried a heavy variety of sabre, capable of hacking off the heads of enemy pikes and polearms. Contrary to popular opinion, the small axe they often wore tucked in their belt (not to be confused with the huge half-moon shaped berdysz axe, which was seldom carried by hajduks) was not a combat weapon, but rather was intended for cutting wood.
In the mid-17th century hajduk-style infantry largely fell out of fashion in Poland-Lithuania, and were replaced by musket-armed infantry of Western style. However, commanders or hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth continued to maintain their own liveried bodyguards of hajduks, well into the 18th century as something of a throwback to the past, even though they were now rarely used as field troops. In imitation of these bodyguards, in the 18th century wealthy members of the szlachta hired liveried domestic servants whom they called hajduks, thereby creating the meaning of the term 'hajduk' as it is generally understood in modern Polish.[6]
Serbian Militia (1718–39)Edit
Main article: Serbian Militia (1718–39)
The Serbs established a Hajduk army that supported the Austrians.[7] The army was divided into 18 companies, in four groups.[8] In this period, the most notable obor-kapetans were Vuk Isaković from Crna Bara, Mlatišuma from Kragujevac and Kosta Dimitrijević from Paraćin.[7]
Cultural influenceEdit
The Croatian football team HNK Hajduk Split; Serbian football teams Hajduk Kula, FK Hajduk Beograd, FK Hajduk Veljko and Hajduk Lion; the Macedonian football team FK Hajduk - Vratnica; the pop-music project Haiducii, and Romanian Roma musical troupe Taraful Haiducilor are all named after the hajduci. The surnames of the fictional character George Washington Hayduke, invented by Edward Abbey, actress Stacy Haiduk, US national soccer team defender Frankie Hejduk, Czech Republic national ice hockey team forward Milan Hejduk and Montenegrin theoretical physicist Dragan Hajduković, are likewise derived from this word.
The term "haiduci" was used by the Romanian resistance movement Haiducii Muscelului, between 1947 and 1959, which opposed the Soviet occupation and the Communist government.
In academicsEdit
In the early 1970s, after the publication of the now classic sociological studies Primitive Rebels and Bandits by historian Eric Hobsbawm, hajduks started appearing in western social and anthropological literature. Hobsbawm invented the term "social bandit" to describe outlaws who operate on the edges of rural societies by fighting against authorities and sometimes helping the ordinary people. There has always been a degree of fluidity in their status, whereby, as described by John Koliopoulos in his study of Greek klephts, Brigands with a Cause, brigands would sometimes change sides and start acting on behalf of the authorities to preserve peace and suppress banditry, and vice versa.
From the early 1980s, sociological studies started narrating the stories of hajduks, klephts, bandits, brigands, outlaws, rebels, and pirates in all parts of the planet, from Australia to republican China, the Balkans, the American Wild West, Cuba and Mexico.
Hajduk is mentioned in the song "Dragostea Din Tei", most notable for being the basis of the Numa Numa meme.
Notable hajduksEdit
AlbanianEdit
Çerçiz Topulli (1889–1915), important figure during the Albanian National Awakening and Albanian national hero
BulgarianEdit
Bulgarian Macedonian Ilyo Voyvoda (1805–1898), known as "the last haydut".
Delyo (late 17th and early 18th centuries)
Chavdar Voyvoda (16th century)
Indzhe Voyvoda (c. 1755 - 1821)
Ilyo Voyvoda (1805 (?) - 1898)
Angel Voyvoda (1812- c. 1864)
Captain Petko Voyvoda (1844-1900)
Panayot Hitov (1830-1918)
Filip Totyu (1830-1907)
Hadzhi Dimitar (1840-1868)
Stefan Karadzha (1840-1868)
Rumena Voyvoda (1829 - 1862 or 1895)
Region of MacedoniaEdit
Karposh (active also in Thrace and Moesia)
RomanianEdit
Iancu Jianu (1787–1842), hajduk in Oltenia, participant of the Wallachian Uprising
Radu Șapcă (Popa Șapcă, fl. 1848–64), priest and hajduk in Oltenia, participant in the 1848 Revolutions in Wallachia
Pintea the Brave (Pintea Viteazul, d. 1703), rebel in the area of Maramureș.
Șaptecai (Anghel Panait)
Andrii Popa (1790-1818)
GreekEdit
Main articles: Klepht and Armatoloi
Odysseas Androutsos (1788-1825)
Markos Botsaris (1788-1823)
Athanasios Diakos (1788-1821)
Geórgios Karaïskákis (1782-1827)
Antonis Katsantonis (c. 1775-1808)
Theodoros Kolokotronis (1770-1843)
Dimitrios Makris (c. 1772 - 1841)
Nikitas Stamatelopoulos (c. 1784-1849)
HungarianEdit
Main article: Betyárs
Juraj Jánošík (1688-1713)
Angyal Bandi
Jóska Sobri (1810-1837)
Sándor Rózsa (1813-1878)
UkrainianEdit
Main article: Haidamaka
Ustym Karmaliuk (1787-1835)
Ivan Gonta (1721-1768)
Maksym Zalizniak (1740-1768)
Czech, Polish and SlovakEdit
Ondráš
Matěj Ondra z Leskovce
Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and SerbianEdit
Harambaša from Dalmatia in the 19th century.
See also: Serbian hajduks
Starina Novak (1530s–1601), Wallachian-employed guerrilla commander, former peasant in Timok
Deli-Marko (fl. 1596–1619), hajduk and military commander in Habsburg service
Ivo Senjanin (d. 1612), Habsburg Croatian uskok
Mijat Tomić (1610–1656), brigand leader in Ottoman Bosnia
Petar Mrkonjić (fl. 1645–69), Venetian-employed Croatian guerrilla
Bajo Pivljanin (fl. 1669–85), Venetian-employed guerrilla leader
Ilija Perajica (fl. 1685), Venetian-employed guerrilla leader
Ivan Bušić Roša (1745–1783), Venetian-employed Croatian guerrilla leader
Stanislav Sočivica (1715–1776), brigand leader in Ottoman Bosnia
Andrijica Šimić (1833–1905), Croatian rebel in Herzegovina
Pecija (1826–1875), rebel leader in Bosnian Krajina
Stanoje Glavaš (1763-1815), commander in the First Serbian Uprising
Stojan Čupić (c. 1765 - 1815), commander in the First Serbian Uprising
Hajduk Veljko (c. 1780-1813), commander in the First Serbian Uprising
Jovo Stanisavljević Čaruga (1897–1925), outlaw in Slavonia
Ivan Musić[9][circular reference] (1848–1888), duke of Herzegovina, leader of the uprising against the Ottomans.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hajduks.
Irregular military
Early Cossacks, Slavic-Tatar frontier warriors
Hajdučka Republika Mijata Tomića, a micronation
Hayduke, term used by environmental activists
^ Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (21 May 2010). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
^ a b Найден Геров. 1895-1904. Речник на блъгарский язик.Хайдукъ
^ a b Л.Андрейчин и др. 2006. Български тълковен речник. Четвърто издание
^ Petrović, Aleksandar. These persons later became soldiers on the Hungarian–Ottoman Serbian border and fought against the Ottoman Turks. The Role of Banditry in the Creation of National States in the Central Balkans During the 19th Century Archived 2013-08-01 at the Wayback Machine
^ Младенов, Стефан. 1941. Етимологически и правописен речник на българския книжовен език.
^ Richard Brzezinski, Polish Armies 1569-1696, volume 1, London: Osprey Military Publishing, 1987, p. 21, 39-41 (also contains six contemporary illustrations of Polish hajduks, besides several modern reconstructions by Angus McBride).
^ a b Душан Ј Поповић (1950). Србија и Београд од Пожаревачког до Београдског мира, 1718-1739. pp. 42–43.
^ Radovan M. Drašković (1987). Valjevo u prošlosti: prilozi za zavičajnu istoriju. Milić Rakić. p. 22. ISBN 9788671730082. Хајдучка војска била је подељена на 18 компанија, које су се распореЬивале у 4 групе.
^ hr:Ivan Musić
Suvajdžić, Boško (2003). "Hajduci i uskoci u narodnoj poeziji: Istorijske pretpostavke za nastanak i razvoj hajdučkog pokreta" (in Serbian). Janus; Rastko. Archived from the original on 2016-03-22.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Haiduk".
Metaweb entry on "Haiduks"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hajduk&oldid=1066124382"


text:
Students Gatway
Top Scholarships
Masters Scholarship
Scholarships in Belgium Without IELTS 2021 | Fully Funded
Hamad Bin Khalifa Scholarship in Qatar 2022 | Fully Funded
Italy Without IELTS Scholarships In 2022 (Fully Funded)
Saskatchewan University Scholarships in Canada 2022 | Full Funded
Hurford Youth Leadership Program 2022 in USA | Fully Funded
Exchange Programs By Student Gateway May 11, 2021
It's good news. The Hurford Youth Leadership Program 2022 in US is now accepting applications. So the United States has once again opened its doors to international students interested in participating in Fully Funded exchange programs in the United States. Moreover, It is a Fully Funded exchange program in the United States. It lasts the entire duration of the program. As well as, there is no application fee, and there are no language requirements.
Furthermore, the Hurford Student Exchange Program is designed to help students develop leadership skills. Also, Hurford Youth Fellows will participate in strategic meetings, conduct research, organize and lead presentations, as well as share information. Participants should be under the age of 30. Most Important the Hurford will cover all of the Selected Participants' expenses.
Consequently, Participants would spend three months in Washington, D.C. if they are selected. The Hurford Youth Fellowship will begin on March 1, 2022, and will end on May 31, 2022. Also, don't be concerned about the CGPA or academic education. Why are you involved in this program because it focuses on your leadership skills? The selection process is not solely dependent on academic performance. The Hurford's Comprehensive Information is given below.
Details About Hurford Youth Leadership Program 2022
Dates: March 1st, 2022 to 31st May 2022
Financial Coverage: Fully Funded
Deadline: 3rd July 2021
Read also about: Monash University Scholarships in Australia 2022 | Fully Funded
Financial Coverage
The Hurford Exchange Program is a fully funded exchange programme in the United States. For the length of the three months, it would cover all costs associated with the programme.
A monthly stipend for living expenses will be given to each Fellow.
Round-trip air travel tickets to and from Washington, D.C.
Fellows receive a fully equipped office with Internet and email access, as well as a limited budget for fellowship-related long-distance phone calls.
About Hurford Youth Fellowship
The Hurford Youth Fellowship Program aims to develop leadership abilities in young people. During this time, they will expand their global network and learn from people from around the world who are involved in democratic movements.
Young activists spend three months at the World Movement's Secretariat as part of the programme, expanding their global links and sharing experiences with other activists from around the world.
Read About: Where to Study in Europe Without IELTS in 2021
Anyone from any country will participate in the Hurford Exchange Program.
Those involved in applying for the Hurford Youth Fellows Program must be under the age of 30.
They must show a strong commitment to democratic activism and the promotion of democracy in their societies and around the world. Youth who are members of civil society groups are encouraged to apply.
For the purposes of general communication, knowledge of English is a requirement for inclusion in the Program.
Read Also About: Study in China Without IELTS | Chinese Scholarships
Documents to Submit
The Applicants Need to Upload the Following Documents in the Online Application Form.
C.V. or Resume
2 Letters of Recommendation
Round Trip Air Travel Tickets to and from Washington, D.C.
Fellows are provided with a Fully Equipped Office, including Internet and Email Access, and a Limited Budget for Fellowship Related Long-Distance Phone calls.
The Last Date to apply for the Hurford Youth Leadership Exchange Program 2022 in the United States is 3rd July 2021
Read Also About: UNICEF Free Online Courses 2021
The Application Processing is all Online. To Apply for the Hurford Leadership Program. Please Visit the Official Website of the Hurford Exchange Program 2022.
SUSI Summer Exchange Program to United States of America 2021 (Fully Funded)
European Youth Volunteering Program 2022 | Fully Funded
CERN Summer Student Program in Switzerland 2020 [Fully Funded]
shaoor
CrossCulture Exchange Program 2022 Germany | Fully Funded
Islamic Development Bank Scholarship 2022 | Fully …
UNDP Internship Program 2022 | Funded
IST Internship Program in Austria 2022 | …
HZB Summer Student Program Berlin Germany 2022 …
Global Peace Summit Dubai 2022 | Fully …
Max Planck Summer Internship in Germany 2022 …
How to Get a German Student Visa …
IMF Internship Program 2022 USA | Fully …
Students Gatway Copyright © 2022.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Slow Read/Write Performance over iSCSI SAN This is a new setup of ESXi 4.0 running VMs off of a Cybernetics miSAN D iSCSI SAN.
Doing a high data read test on a VM, it took 8 minutes vs 1.5 minutes on the
the same VM located on a slower VMWare Server 1.0 Host with the VMs located on
local disk. I'm watching my read speeds from the SAN, and
it's getting just over 3MB/s max read, and Disk Usage on the VM matches at just over 3MB/s....horribly slow.
The server and SAN are both connected to the same 1GB Switch. I have followed this guide
virtualgeek.typepad.com/virtual_geek/2009/09/a-multivendor-post-on-using-iscsi-w
ith-vmware-vsphere.html
to get multipathing setup properly, but I'm still not getting good
performance with my VMs. I know the SAN and the network
should be able to handle over 100MB/s, but I'm just not getting
it. I have two GB NICs on the SAN multipathed to two GB NICs on the
ESXi Host. One NIC per VMkernel. Is there something else I can check
or do to improve my speed? Thanks in advance for any tips.

A: That SAN hardware is certified for Vmware so get your support to look into it. Common causes for bad performance are overload the interface of the SAN hardware, because if you have multiple connections to the same SAN not all can be served at the maximum speed.
Also your local disk will always be faster than your SAN in your setup, because even a SATA disk will have a maximum of 3Gb/s bandwidth, so your SAN will never match the speed of your local disks. You probably are also using ethernet instead of fibre which is also not help performance.
You use a SAN not only because of the speed, but to have a central managed place where you can put all your importante data and make sure a suitable RAID level is being applied. There are also certain features like replication which is one of the advantages of having a SAN.

A: That set up should be able to deliver reasonable performance and from what I can gather that array can sustain around 60-70Megabytes per sec even for small block random IO. I've no experience with them but the spec indicates that it should easily be able to handle your requirements and the few review that searches throw up back that up.
Anyway if I were you I'd step back a little first. Get rid of multipathing (initially) and make sure  you can get a single path (on the VMware side) to sustain respectable performance. Assuming you have an 8 drive unit, fully populated with 10k SAS drives, one hot spare and have a 7 drive RAID 5 pack it should be able to easily deliver >100Meg/sec sequential read or write over a single interface on a good,dedicated Gbit LAN even accounting for all ip\tcp and iSCSI overhead. Do simple bulk tests of large file copies (something significantly larger than the write cache on the array) to or from the SAN to check that you are seeing that. If you are reading and writing to the SAN volume then performance will be no more than half that BTW. If not then you will want to look at all the usual suspects:

*

*For starters make sure the SAN's
cache is configured correctly

*Make sure all the drives are healthy - ie you're not fighting a RAID rebuild

*Make sure the switch is healthy and
not busy with other stuff - ideally
you should isolate your SAN traffic
onto its own switch, if you can't do
that put it on its own VLAN.

*Definitely don't put it on a cheap
switch that is very busy with other
stuff.

*Check duplex and speed settings on
all the ports (ESX, Switch & SAN)

*Avoid messing with Jumbo Frames and ESX until you know everything else is working

*Definitely enable hardware flow control on the switch

When you are testing make sure neither the ESX host or the SAN is busy with anything else.
Once you are successfully getting >100Meg/sec for sequential traffic on a single uplink then you can consider seeing if multipathing makes a difference. With iSCSI on ESX4 it can  but it's unlikely unless the storage array correctly supports it in conjunction with ESX 4- I would look to the array vendor for guidance on that.

A: Multipathing may be causing your issue.  Are you able, and have you tried, to disable multipathing and just have one 1Gb connection to your SAN?  VMware may be path thrashing when put under load because of a bad link, or a delay in packet delivery...
BTW, your maximum throughput with a 1Gb link is going to be ~30MBytes/sec if your SAN and ESXi host were the only two devices on that link...

A: Which load-balancing policy are you using for your iSCSI NICs - in almost every situation one device talking to another device - each using any of the forms of bonding/etherchannel/teaming/whatever will only ever use one of however many links are available to talk - i.e. never more than 1Gbps, which by the way is almost never fully available, especially with iSCSI due to all the encapsulation involved.

A: Do keep in mind that the native Multi-Pathing IO driver (MPIO) in VMware is Active/Passive only so it'll only use one path per LUN.  So if all your traffic is going to a single LUN, you'll only use one path to get that traffic there.  The only support 3rd party MPIO driver (that I know of) is EMC's PowerPath which is an Active/Active MPIO driver, but it requires the Enterprise Plus edition of vSphere.
Some things to look at.
Have you enabled Jumbo Frames on the SAN, switch and host?
Is the SAN showing any performance problems via its monitoring tools?
How many disks are sitting behind the LUN in question?  How much other stuff is hitting those same disks?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Alto-forno é como se chama o reator químico, na siderurgia, de tamanho variável, externamente revestido por metal e internamente com material refratário, onde é reduzido o minério de ferro, a fim de transformá-lo em ferro-gusa.

Histórico

Antiguidade
Os alto-fornos mais antigos conhecidos foram construídos no China da dinastia Han, no Século I a.C., embora os artefatos férreos encontrados neste país datem do Século V a.C. - o que torna possível acreditar-se que a história dos altos-fornos na China seja mais antigo do que atualmente se supõe. Estes fornos primitivos possuíam paredes de barro com grande quantidade de minerais fosfóricos.

Enquanto se acreditava por muito tempo que os chineses haviam desenvolvido o método de fundição do ferro, Donald Wagner (mesmo autor da referência anterior), publicou novo trabalho substituindo algumas das afirmações de seu trabalho anterior. Nesta pesquisa mais recente, o autor coloca a data dos primeiros artefatos de fundição entre os séculos IV e V a.C., mas também cogita de evidências de que o uso dos fornos de fundição tenha se difundido para o ocidente. Ele sugere, também, que os alto-fornos primitivos teriam se evoluído a partir dos fornos para derretimento do bronze. Isso pode ser confirmado pelo que é hoje conhecido como "uma das maiores obras de engenharia", o "mar de fundição" uma bacia de cobre no templo de Jerusalém, que pesava cerca de 30 toneladas e comportava 40.000 litros de água, construído pelo povo hebreu em meados do século IX a.C no reinado de Salomão.

Europa Antiga
O ferro foi fundido pelos gregos, celtas, romanos e cartagineses da Antiguidade. Foram encontrados vestígios variados na França (antiga Gália). Materiais encontrados na atual Tunísia sugerem seu uso por ali, como também na Antioquia durante o período helenístico. Embora seja pouco conhecido o seu uso durante a Idade Média, o processo provavelmente continuou em uso. A fundição aperfeiçoada recebeu o nome de forja catalã, e foi inventada na Catalunha, na atual Espanha, durante o século VIII. Em vez de usar a estrutura de ventilação natural, adicionou o sistema de foles para bombear o ar no interior. Isso permitiu a um tempo produzir um ferro de melhor qualidade, como aumentou-lhe a capacidade. É reconhecido que os monges cistercianos, que eram bons engenheiros e qualificados metalúrgicos, tinham conseguido produzir um verdadeiro aço, sendo considerados os inventores do alto-forno na Europa.

Idade Média
Os alto-fornos mais antigos conhecidos foram construídos na Suécia ocidental, em Lapphyttan, e o complexo esteve ativo entre os anos de 1150 a 1350. Em Noraskog, no município sueco de Järnboås foram encontrados restos de alto-fornos datados de antes desse período, provavelmente por volta de 1100. Isso constitui um fato obscuro, e será possivelmente impossível determinar se o alto-forno foi desenvolvido independentemente na Suécia medieval, ou se este conhecimento foi-lhes transmitido de alguma forma, da Ásia. Estes primitivos fornos, a exemplo dos chineses, eram extremamente ineficientes, se comparados com os atuais. Era utilizado o ferro das minas de Lapphyttan para a produção de bolas de ferro forjado, conhecidas como osmonds, e que eram internacionalmente comercializadas - uma possível referência disso encontra-se em um tratado com Novgorod, de 1203, além de várias referências certas nas contas alfandegárias inglesas entre os anos de 1250 a 1320. Foram também identificados fornos dos séculos XIII a XV na Vestfália.

Podem ter sido também transmitidos os conhecimentos dos avanços tecnológicos promovidos pela Ordem de Cister, inclusive do forno de produção do aço. Um alto-forno medieval (e o único identificado fora da Inglaterra, e que se acreditou conter avanços semelhantes aos alto-fornos modernos) foi identificado por Gerry McDonnell, arqueometalúrgico da University of Bradford. Ela localizava-se em Laskill, uma estação externa da Abadia de Rievaulx, produtora de aço. Sua data, entretanto, não é precisa; ela certamente não sobreviveu à dissolução dos monastérios, promovida na década de 1530 por Henrique VIII - razão pela qual esse conhecimento não se espalhou para além de Rievaulx.

A data de operação do forno não apenas não está clara, como também é possível não haver sobrevivido por muito tempo, de acordo com registros do Conde de Rutland, em 1541.

Funcionamento
Uma correia transportadora conduz a carga contendo as matérias primas ferrosas, fundentes e coque para a parte superior do forno, onde são distribuídas alternadamente em seu interior. Em uma região chamada zona de combustão, as ventaneiras sopram gases à elevadas temperaturas, contendo oxigênio e outros combustíveis auxiliares (óleo mineral, carvão pulverizado, gás natural, etc.), que sobem e reagem com a carga metálica contida no interior do forno, causando sua redução e fusão.

A principal reação química que produz o ferro fundido é:

Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

Essa reação pode ser dividida em várias etapas. A primeira envolve o ar explosivo pré-aquecido soprado no forno com o carbono do coque para produzir monóxido de carbono:

2 C(s) + O2(g) → 2 CO(g)

O monóxido de carbono é um gás redutor do minério de ferro e reage com o óxido de ferro para produzir ferro fundido e dióxido de carbono.

3 Fe 2 O 3 (s) + CO (g) → 2 Fe 3 O 4 (s) + CO 2 (g)

A temperaturas em torno de 850° C, o ferro é reduzido ainda mais ao óxido de ferro:

Fe 3 O 4 (s) + CO (g) → 3 FeO (s) + CO 2 (g)

A medida que o óxido de ferro FeO  desce para a área com temperaturas mais altas, variando até 1200 ° C graus, ele é reduzido ainda mais para o metal de ferro:

FeO(s) + CO(g) → Fe(s) + CO2(g)

Os produtos das reações que ocorrem no alto-forno são o ferro-gusa e a escória, escoados no estado líquido para a base do reator e separados por diferença de densidade. O ferro-gusa é conduzido por canais refratários para os carros torpedos para ser transportado para as aciarias. A escória é levada para os granuladores de escória.

Indústria
Metalurgia
Invenções da China

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
__БЕЗКН__

NGC 4645A је спирална галаксија у сазвежђу Кентаур која се налази на NGC листи објеката дубоког неба.

Деклинација објекта је - 41° 21' 34" а ректасцензија 12-{h}- 43-{m}- 5,6-{s}-. Привидна величина (магнитуда) објекта -{NGC}- 4645 износи 11,6 а фотографска магнитуда 12,6. -{NGC}- 4645A је још познат и под ознакама -{ESO 322-59, MCG -7-26-32, DCL 149, IRAS 12403-4105, PGC 42764}-.

Референце

Литература
Revised New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue, Wolfgang Steinicke, 2012. Доступно у овом фајлу са објашњењем на овој страници
SIMBAD база података, Стразбуршки центар астрономских података (CDS), Стразбур

Види још
Нови општи каталог

Спољашње везе

Интерактивни каталог NGC, IC и Месјеових објеката
-{SIMBAD}- база података

Нови општи каталог сазвежђе Кентаур


text:
Q: VSTest Task running v1 when v2 expected, vstestLocation ignored I'm trying to use Azure Pipelines to build a class library.  My azure-pipelines.yml looks like this:
variables:
  solution: 'MySolution.sln'
  buildPlatform: 'Any CPU'
  buildConfiguration: 'Release'

pool:
  vmImage: 'VS2017-Win2016'
steps:
  - task: NuGetToolInstaller@0
  - task: NuGetCommand@2
    inputs:
      command: 'restore'
      restoreSolution: '$(solution)'
      feedsToUse: 'config'
      nugetConfigPath: 'nuget.config'

  - task: VSBuild@1
    inputs:
      solution: '$(solution)'
      platform: '$(buildPlatform)'
      configuration: '$(buildConfiguration)'

  - task: VSTest@2
    inputs:
      vstestLocation: 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Enterprise\Common7\IDE\Extensions\TestPlatform\vstest.console.exe'
      platform: '$(buildPlatform)'
      configuration: '$(buildConfiguration)'
      codeCoverageEnabled: true
      otherConsoleOptions: '/Framework:FrameworkCore10'

However, the task runs from a different location, and judging by that it seems to be Test Platform v1 (TP v1): C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Enterprise\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\TestWindow\vstest.console.exe.  Judging from the Github issues for azure-pipelines-tasks, it seems that they shipped TP v2 sometime earlier this year (2018).
How can I make sure I'm actually using TP v2?
Update: I've now opened an issue on the pipelines github repo: Microsoft/azure-pipelines-tasks#8911

A: The reason the Location doesn't use the correct location is because vstestLocation needs the vstestLocationMethod=location argument as well. Otherwise the default value version is used.
However, when those arguments are specified, instead of packaging the list of tested binaries, it seems to expand them into the command line, which might cause a ##[error]Error: spawn ENAMETOOLONG if the binaries' names form a string that is too long.


On the 29/4/16 to the 2/5/16 some PCC members attended the OCA (Open Canoe Association) 60th Anniversary weekend.
On the Saturday some of us went on a long paddle and other of us tried a few workshops like Poling & Stand Up Paddle (SUP) boarding.
On Saturday evening we all enjoyed the OCA celebration's with a Barn Dance, a talk/ video by Becky Mason the legendry open boater from Canada and daughter of the famous Canadian open boater Bill Mason as well as a piece of the OCA anniversary cake.
We were all camping during the weekend, and some of us had bigger pitches than others.
On Sunday we all had the opportunity to try out a different boats. Sam also attend a disability workshop which included a session on introducing people with sensory impairments into open boating.
On Sunday afternoon some of us had a look around Ross-On-Wye and went to the tea shop for tea and cakes.
You can find out more about the OCA from their Website or visit the PCC's information about the OCA on the PCC website.


Pour yourself some tea. Let's read.
Sometimes life is hard. How do we relate to God in the midst of suffering, doubt, and despair? This 6-lesson Bible study is designed for small groups, but you can adapt it for use on your own.
Interested in processing God's presence or seeming absence in this season of your life? Consider signing up for a spiritual direction session.
Are you enriched by the free Bible-study booklet you downloaded here? Consider making a tax-deductible donation to Eden Spiritual Care to keep resources like this widely available.


Les Aulnaies has a large enclosed garden, ideal for children with; swings, a trampoline, a games box with balls, rackets and boule etc.
For younger children we have a play house with cooker, a car, a selection of ride on toys, a slide and a mini trampoline.
We have a solar heated splash pool for everyone to enjoy with a selection of inflatables and floats, however we ask for adults to supervise their children. There are tables to sit at or parents can enjoy the pool too.
We have 24 bikes of varying sizes for adults and children but for smaller children we also have a bike trailer so everyone can enjoy a bike ride.


Buy WoW gold online, Cheap WoW gold for sale for WoW gamers. You can get better and cheaper WoW gold and WoW items in 5 hours, 7*24 online support, Up to 10% Compensation for Delayed Order. You can get better and cheaper WoW gold and WoW items in 5 hours, 7*24 online support, Up to 10% Compensation for Delayed Order.
19/01/2019 · PlayerAuctions is the most secure place to buy and sell MMO game assets. Our proprietary security technology, PlayerGuardian , keeps you, your payments, and your trades protected and private. The protections below are provided to all PlayerAuctions buyers.
Now xtmmo.net is offering cheap dungeon fighter online gold, you can buy DFO gold at a low price here, full stock, fast delivery, our team have years' experience on in-game currency & item trading, we will be your best choice if you're looking for a place to buy DFO gold.
10/01/2019 · The Teachers Lounge A place to share your instructional insight,exercises,videos,practice tips, ideas and more.
This is the only place I buy DFO gold from. I was skeptical at first because all the rumors your hear. But I have never had a problem with these guys. And the best part they stay with you and make sure you get what you buy! I wish more retailers would sell like them..
Until Neople finds a way to fix all those issues, and find a way to let people link existing DFO accounts with Steam accounts, there is NO WAY to retrieve your purchased DLC items. These issues have been discussed for quite a while and many times.


text:
Q: Invoke-Command doesn't run the bat file I am rolling out a script for an unattended installation, I have built a small .bat for the Office 2019 installation and when I run it it works perfectly but when I call it through the PowerShell Script the installation does not run.
Any ideas?
This is the portion of the code
Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock {Start-Process -FilePath "c:\temp\Office2019\Install-32.bat" -ArgumentList "--quiet" -Verb RunAs -Wait}

.bat file
setup.exe /configure configuration-x86.xml

Office Config File
  <Add OfficeClientEdition="32">
    <Product ID="ProPlus2019Volume" PIDKEY="MYKEY">
      <Language ID="en-us" />
    </Product>
  </Add>
  <Display Level="None" AcceptEULA="TRUE"/>
  <Property Name="AUTOACTIVATE" Value="1"/>
</Configuration>

Thank you so much for any advise.

A: Bat files can only be interpreted by the OS shell, which is the cmd.exe. Your file path needs to be changed as follow:
cmd.exe /c c:\temp\Office2019\Install-32.bat
Powershell won't interpret bat files, it only runs exe files and commands.


text:
Q: Which Eclipse version for Egit? I have Eclipse IDE for C/C++ Developers Version: Juno Release and I work with Egit which has .jsp .ejs .sql files which I can't open them with the current version (unlike .java which opened with double click in the eclipse editor) .
I work with windows 7 .
Which eclipse version or any extension tool I need to open them ?

A: You can right click on the file and choose Open With...> Other > Internal Editors and choose text editor to open any file.


Sauteed mushrooms, arugula, tomatoes, and feta cheese. Topped with tahini drizzle and avocado. Served with seasoned garlic potatoes and roasted tomato.
Bacon, sausage, prosciutto, onions, and Swiss cheese. Topped with sour cream and saffron aioli. Served with seasoned garlic potatoes and roasted tomato.
Sausage, peppers, and Swiss cheese, topped with red salsa.
Toasted English muffin, prosciutto, marinated heirloom tomatoes, and poached eggs. Topped with pesto sauce and a balsamic drizzle. Served with seasoned garlic potatoes and roasted tomato.
Toasted English muffin, smoked salmon, cream cheese, and poached eggs. Topped with house hollandaise sauce and capers. Served with seasoned garlic potatoes and roasted tomato.
Toasted brioche, avocado, spread sprouts, poached eggs, watermelon, radishes, and hint of infused extra virgin olive oil.
House toasted granola, fresh toast, fresh fruit, and powdered sugar. Topped with coffee maple syrup and house whipped cream.
Stuffed brioche, prosciutto, Swiss cheese, avocado, and mustard.
French toast, fresh fruit, and powdered sugar. Topped with coffee maple syrup and house whipped cream.
Baked eggs topped with maple syrup, thyme, sausage, bacon, bleu cheese, green onions, and fried onions.
3 eggs your way with bacon, sausage, potatoes, pancakes, and an English muffin.
Cajun shrimp, cheddar cheese grits, house tomato sauce, roasted corn, blistered tomatoes, and cilantro.
Rosemary and thyme potato hash, bell peppers, onions, and queso fresco. Topped with 2 sunny side up eggs.
Buttermilk pancake stuffed with mascarpone. Topped with berries, house granola, and coffee maple syrup.
Stuffed bacon pancakes and bourbon syrup.
3 buttermilk pancakes. Topped with fresh fruit, powdered sugar, and house whipped cream.
Brioche bread, bacon, lettuce, house aioli, and tomatoes.
Hummus, falafel, lebneh, olives, cucumbers, and 3 scrambled eggs. Served with pita bread.
Fried tomatoes topped with eggs. Served with pita bread.
Open-dough topped with olive oil, mix of dried thyme, oregano, marjoram, and toasted sesame seeds.
Open-dough topped with olive oil and eggs.
3 eggs your way, bacon, and toast.
3 eggs your way, sausage, and toast.
3 eggs your way, pancetta, and toast.
Mexican chorizo, potatoes, and eggs scramble.
Greek yogurt, house toasted granola, boysenberries, raspberries, and lemon zest.
Mushrooms, potatoes, and eggs scramble.
Blend of garbanzo beans, tahini, and extra virgin olive oil. Served with fresh pita bread. Vegan.
Blend of baked eggplant, tahini and extra virgin olive oil. Served with fresh pita bread. Vegan.
Deep-fried seasoned mixture of beef and crushed wheat stuffed with ground beef, onions, spices and roasted nuts.
Deep-fried vegetarian mixture of garbanzo beans, onions, garlic, parsley and spices. Served with tahini sauce and fresh pita bread. Vegan.
Choice of protein served with homemade special sauce.
Homemade chips, cheddar cheese, and feta cheese served with homemade special sauce.
Tortilla chips, cheddar cheese and homemade special sauce, topped with chicken or beef and lamb shawarma.
Chicken shawarma, pickles and garlic sauce.
Blend of garbanzo beans, tahini, virgin olive oil, topped with small pieces of steak and roasted nuts. Served with fresh pita bread and toasted flat bread chips.
Hummus, baba ghanoush, 3 kibbeh, 3 falafels, served with pita bread.
Served with fresh pita bread. Vegan.
Marinated grilled chicken breast, field greens, tomatoes, cucumbers, red onions, roasted nuts and house dressing. Served with fresh pita bread.
Parsley, bulgur wheat, tomatoes, green onions, mint, lemon and extra virgin olive oil. Served with fresh pita bread. Vegan.
Chopped salad, fresh herbs, cucumbers, tomatoes and house dressing, topped with toasted flat bread chips. Served with fresh pita bread. Vegan.
Cucumber, yogurt and dried mint. Served with fresh pita bread.
Field greens, tomatoes, cucumbers, red onions, roasted nuts and house dressing. Served with fresh pita bread.
Field greens, tomatoes, cucumbers, red onions, roasted nuts and house dressing. Served with fresh pita bread. Vegan.
Wrapped in fresh pita bread and topped with tomatoes, pickles, onions, and garlic onion. Served with french fries or fattoush salad.
Wrapped in fresh pita bread and topped with tomatoes, pickles, and onions. Served with french fries or fattoush salad.
Wrapped in fresh pita bread and topped with turnip pickles, onions, parsley, and tahini sauce. Served with french fries or fattoush salad.
Wrapped in fresh pita bread and topped with pickles and garlic sauce. Served with french fries or fattoush salad.
Wrapped in fresh pita bread and topped with tomatoes, pickles, onions, and tahini sauce. Served with french fries or fattoush salad. Vegan.
Hummus, baba ghanoush, falafel, and tabbouleh or fattoush. Served with fresh pita. Vegan.
2 skewers of marinated chicken breast served with grilled tomatoes, basmati rice and fattoush.
2 skewers of marinated ground beef served with grilled tomatoes, basmati rice and fattoush.
2 skewers of marinated tender beef served with grilled tomatoes, basmati rice and fattoush.
2 skewers of marinated lamb chunks served with grilled vegetables, basmati rice and fattoush.
Grilled shrimp marinated in extra virgin olive oil, balsamic, oregano, and spices served with basmati rice and fattoush.
Grilled skinless center cut salmon filet marinated in extra virgin olive oil, balsamic, oregano, spices, served with grilled vegetables, basmati rice, and fattoush.
Grilled chicken kebab, grilled ground beef kebab and grilled lamb tikka. Served with grilled tomatoes, basmati rice and fattoush .
Beef and lamb mixture chunks marinated and mounted on a large rotating skewer and roasted slowly to perfection against a gas burning grill. Served with tahini sauce, basmati rice, hummus, and fattoush.
Marinated chicken chunks mounted on a large rotating skewer, roasted slowly to perfection against a gas burning grill. Served with garlic sauce, basmati rice, hummus, and fattoush.
Grape leaves stuffed with rice, tomatoes, parsley, onions, mint, spiced, and cooked in tomato sauce with lemon and olive oil. Vegan.
Wrapped in fresh pita bread, topped with turnip pickles, onions, parsley and tahini sauce. Served with your choice of side.
Wrapped in fresh pita bread, topped with pickles and garlic sauce. Served with your choice of side.
Wrapped in fresh pita bread, topped with tomatoes, pickles, onions and garlic sauce. Served with your choice of side.
Wrapped in fresh pita bread, topped with tomatoes, pickles, onions and tahini sauce. Served with your choice of side. Vegan.
A blend of cheeses and dried mint wrapped in dough. Served with yogurt sauce.
Spinach, green onions, spices and lemon juice wrapped in dough. Served with yogurt sauce. Vegan.
Seasoned ground beef, onions and tomatoes wrapped in dough. Served with yogurt sauce.
House red sauce, grilled marinated chicken, spinach, oregano, roasted garlic, roasted nuts, olive oil, and a blend of mozzarella and feta cheese.
House red sauce mixed with balsamic vinaigrette sauce, artichokes, bell peppers, a blend of Parmesan and mozzarella cheese.
House BBQ sauce, BBQ chicken, red onions, cilantro and roasted garlic.
House red sauce, grilled marinated chicken, spinach, oregano, roasted garlic, roasted nuts, olive oil, a blend of mozzarella and feta cheese.
House red sauce, pepperoni slices and mozzarella cheese.
Rice cooked in seasoned broth with carrots, onions, and garlic. Topped with pieces of lamb and centered with a lamb shank. Served with yogurt and cucumber salad.
Grilled skinless center cut salmon filet marinated in extra virgin olive oil, balsamic, oregano and spices. Served with basmati rice and grilled vegetables.
Hand trimmed marinated lamb chops. Served with basmati rice and grilled vegetables.
Grape leaves stuffed with rice, tomatoes, parsley, onions, mint, spices and cooked in tomato sauce, lemon and olive oil. Vegan.
Served with rice, pita bread, fattoush or tabbouleh.


text:
Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
Last names beginning with F
Finlayson, Roderick David
Dictionary of New Zealand Bography logo
Story: Finlayson, Roderick David
Links and sources
Page 1: Biography
Roderick David Finlayson
Architectural draughtsman, writer, farm labourer, printing-room assistant
This biography, written by John Muirhead, was first published in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography in 1998.
Roderick David Finlayson was born in Devonport, Auckland, on 26 April 1904. His father, John Maclennan Finlayson, was an accounts clerk in the Bank of New South Wales in Auckland. Because of gambling debts he absconded to San Francisco in 1905, effectively ending his marriage to Mary Milligan Cargo. She brought up her son in the home of her northern Irish mother in Ponsonby.
Finlayson attended Ponsonby Public School from 1909 to 1917 and Seddon Memorial Technical College from 1918 to 1921. He passed the City and Guilds of London Institute examination in mechanical engineering in 1921. About 1923 he was apprenticed as a draughtsman to John Anderson, an Auckland architect; his duties came to include rent collecting and selling real estate. Finlayson also began night school, passing the matriculation examination in 1924. From 1926 to 1929 he studied part time in the School of Architecture at Auckland University College for an associateship in the New Zealand Institute of Architects.
With the onset of the slump, however, Anderson's business failed and Finlayson's employment ended. After unsuccessful ventures as a travelling salesman and tobacco farmer, Finlayson took up the life of a writer in the mid 1930s. He had experimented as a writer of romance as early as 1924, and published occasional journalism in the Auckland papers. In the early 1930s he turned to satire to express his disillusionment with 'our ruthlessly technological and acquisitive society', now apparently in collapse. This disillusionment had been building for some time. About 1922, a conviction for failure to attend compulsory military drill stirred Finlayson's developing radical sympathies. Despite his Unionist family background, he was drawn to the Republican cause in Ireland. Later in the 1920s he supported Samoan aspirations for self-government.
In the 1920s, too, he came to repudiate his boyhood enthusiasm for science and technology. This was the result of his childhood experience of farms managed and owned by his uncle, Arthur Wilson, in the Bay of Plenty and at Glenbrook. His uncle emphatically rejected mechanisation in his husbandry of the land; he became the model for Uncle Ted in the novel Tidal Creek. Farm life also introduced Finlayson to rural Māori. He stayed with the family of Hone Ngawhika at Pukehina for several summers during the 1920s until about 1931, learning from him traditional ways of living with the land.
In 1934 or 1935 Finlayson met the poet D'Arcy Cresswell, whose radio broadcasts he admired for their excoriation of science and modernity. He became a frequent visitor to Cresswell's Castor Bay bach, where he met his future publishers Bob Lowry and Ron and Kay Holloway, as well as Frank Sargeson and other writers. Finlayson showed Cresswell his satiric writing, but Cresswell was more impressed by some short stories, modelled on those of the Sicilian writer, Giovanni Verga. These were written about the Pukehina community from which Finlayson now felt himself to be in exile, possibly as the result of a failed love affair. Cresswell became his literary mentor, a role later shared with Sargeson; he recommended his friend's work to publishers, and provided him with exacting criticism.
Cresswell acted as best man at Finlayson's marriage to Ruth Evelyn Taylor in Auckland on 3 June 1936. He had met her when he holidayed in Rarotonga, her birthplace, in 1931. The couple moved to Weymouth, on the Manukau Harbour, in 1937, and there they raised three daughters and three sons.
The war years, during which Finlayson served in the Home Guard and worked in a woolstore under emergency regulations, brought him new friendships, including that of the younger writer David Ballantyne. It was also a time of spiritual discovery: brought up a Presbyterian, Finlayson converted to Catholicism in 1949.
He had his greatest success as a writer from 1938 to 1952. He won third prize in the short story section of the centennial literary competitions with 'The tōtara tree'. Cresswell wrote to him in the early 1940s, 'Men like you & Sargeson are founding our native style, if we are to have any.' Although eclipsed by Sargeson, Finlayson participated in the emergence of a regional literature that seemed to be revealing the country to itself, critically, for the first time. He shared the romanticism of many of his contemporaries, celebrating what he called the poetic life, 'a life dependent on the forces and powers of Nature', and lamented its loss in the kainga (village), on the farm, within the human heart. Finlayson developed his romantic thesis in polemical essays, notably Our life in this land (1940), and it informs his fiction: the short story collections Brown man's burden (1938) and Sweet Beulah Land (1942), and the novels Tidal Creek (1948) and The schooner came to Atia (1952).
Roderick Finlayson's distinctive contribution to the writing of New Zealand was the Māori stories of his first two collections. They portrayed a people caught between two worlds, as the urban economy insinuated its influence into traditional communities, bringing Pākehā bent on their dispossession. Although his rendering of Māori thought and speech has sometimes been criticised as simplistic, Finlayson's sympathetic yet unsentimental stories make him an important transitional figure between the colonial apologia of precursors such as A. A. Grace and the Māori writers who have succeeded him.
From 1952 to 1960 Finlayson wrote almost entirely for children; he was commissioned by the School Publications Branch of the Department of Education to produce stories on Māori life and history, and on his own childhood. The Māori historical fiction was republished as The springing fern in 1965; he also wrote The Māoris of New Zealand in 1958. The work introduced Finlayson to James K. Baxter, his sometime editor; the 1950s also brought close friendships with O. E. Middleton and the Australian poet Bruce Beaver.
Finlayson had always had to supplement the meagre financial return from writing with occasional farm labour; he was also sustained by family legacies. From 1957 to 1965 he took up employment as a printing-room assistant at the Auckland City Council, and he produced little in these years. After his retirement, he published D'Arcy Cresswell, an apologia in the form of a critical biography, in 1972. Its appearance coincided with a renewal of interest in Finlayson's work, most of which was republished from 1972 to 1988. Occasional stories aside, he published one additional collection of fiction, the three novellas of Other lovers in 1976. Finlayson remained active as an essayist from the 1960s; he also campaigned on political issues, notably in defence of Māori land and language and in opposition to apartheid.
The Finlaysons toured Europe in 1972, following in the steps of D'Arcy Cresswell. Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s they also travelled regularly to Rarotonga. In 1990 Finlayson was made president of honour of the PEN New Zealand centre. His achievement as a writer was recognised by Manukau City in 1990 and 1991.
Although never in robust health, Roderick Finlayson lived until 2 August 1992, when he died at Weymouth. He was survived by his wife and children. His headstone reads, simply, 'Writer'.
Post to Facebook Post to Twitter
Next:External links and sources
John Muirhead. 'Finlayson, Roderick David', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1998. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4f13/finlayson-roderick-david (accessed 18 January 2022)


text:
Rashida Jones's Sundance Photo Diary
To celebrate her new film Celeste and Jesse Forever, Rashida Jones partied with pals Andy Samberg, Elijah Wood, Aziz Ansari, and Drake—and we have the photos to prove it
By Rashida Jones
My gift from the Moët Chandon Blackhouse Foundation dinner, honoring me and Jesse Williams. You know what they say...you haven't made it until you've seen your movie title in rhinestones on a magnum of champagne. They say that, right?
My beautiful co-stars Ari Graynor and Emma Roberts and I, taking a break from press day.
First day of press.
Me and Digs (my nickname for Will) on the plane to Utah. Here we go, y'all!
Proud parents at the Acura dinner after the C and J premiere. They were so adorable that night, my heart was just bursting.
Willy, Mac, Andy, and I, just moments before the premiere screening in the Eccles, which holds 1,300 people. I was tripping out, so was Will. Andy was pretty chill, per usual.
Andy and Elijah on the way to press day. They both always rock the coolest glasses. Elijah sporting a '30s movie star look, Andy going more for early '80s professor. Dope.
Elijah on the ones and twos at our Acura dinner. He killed it. My mom couldn't stop dancing.
Aziz posing with the co-presidents (only two members) of the Black and Jewish Entertainers at 2012 Sundance (me and Drizzy). It's a small club, but we have a lot of political influence.
Related Stories for GQRashida JonesSundanceParks And RecreationTVCelebritiesMovies


Hints, Thoughts, FAQs . . .
Movement #1: Take your 2 pointer (index) fingers and place the tips halfway up your outer nostrils, feel for the short little bones, place your fingertips on the tips of those bones and point fingers up toward your eyes. GENTLY twirl your fingers in circles 10 times, then reverse direction for 10 more rotations. Pause for 30 seconds.
Movement #2: place tips of your pointer fingers just at the outside of the widest part of your nostrils, where the nostril skin meets the face skin. Again gently circle fingertips 10 times in one direction and pause for 60 seconds, then twirl them in the other direction 10 times.
Voila! I'll bet your sinuses feel expanded and clear, and that the runnies have stopped! Repeat every 20-60 minutes if needed. Feel better, my friend!
"Barbara is the most wonderful yoga teacher ever--she will support and guide you, affirm and smile you. Every time I do yoga and even when I am just walking around, I hear her in my head and I am grateful.
I've been thinking about why anyone should go to a yoga studio if they already have a health club membership that includes yoga. I belong to a gym and often take a pick-up yoga class on the weekend. I find myself feeling sorry for the students. The classes are repetitive with no build, and usually offer no adjustments. I look around at people doing Downward-Facing Dog with rounded spines and domed knuckles and Warrior II with heads thrust forward and front knee dropping inward, uncorrected. How will they ever learn the right form? And how much damage will they do to their bodies in the meantime?
They never get to experience the release and joy of a well-crafted shoulder stand or some of the more esoteric poses and they certainly get no experimental or partner poses at all.
In my classes I walk around and make adjustments so that everyone learns the proper shape of each pose. I offer simpler alternative poses for students who need them, or encourage them to stop and take a rest when that's appropriate, and more advanced versions for the students who are ready for them. Every week the theme or focus changes so that each body part gets special attention across the months. And the variety is endless!
If you haven't been to a yoga studio in awhile, I hope you'll try mine. It's quite a different and possibly more rewarding experience than the same old same old at the gym. Treat yourself! Experience the relief - and exhilaration - of proper alignment, and learn something new every week.
I prefer to machine wash my mats, but only in a front loading machine (the top-loaders have an agitator that can chew up your mat over time). Add only 1/4 of the usual dose of gentle, non-scented laundry detergent, set it on the gentle cycle with an extra rinse, and regular or gentle spin cycle. You might need to rinse and spin again. Your mat is like a sponge - if you over-soap, it takes a long time to rinse out!
To wash your mat in a tub use 1/4 of the usual measure of gentle soap. Dawn dish detergent is great - it removes oil from yoga mats (and waterfowl :) - but only use a few drops. Too many suds will mean many rinsings (and lots of muscle to wring it out over and over). You can let it soak or not, your choice.
DO NOT USE DAWN IN YOUR WASHING MACHINE.
Drying your mat: you can hand-squeeze it out, but a more effective method is to lay a large towel (or towels) on top of the wet mat, roll up from one end to the other and walk on it to take out excess water. Then air dry it outside hanging over a railing or lawn chair, lay it right on the lawn, or inside on a towel rack over the bathtub, or hang on a skirt/slacks hanger over the tub. It could take up to a couple days to dry, depending on the thickness and material. Or put it in the dryer on low for 15 minutes to extract much of the water (but watch that it does not get too hot!), then hang dry.
Drying your mat in a dryer: Follow the instructions that came with the mat! Be watchful! Most of my mats can go in a dryer set on low with no problem - they take 30-45 minutes. But check frequently that the mat is not getting too hot, in which case it could melt onto your dryer wall. Also, I have some pure rubber mats that cannot go in the dryer at all.
Use a laundry marker and put a small "U" on one side (for "UP") and a "D" on the other (for "DOWN"). When using it, always make sure to keep the U side face up and the D side face down. That way, whatever nasties are on the floor (especially at a gym or health club) stay on the down side, and never come in contact with your skin (or nostrils!), ever. When you're done, make sure before you roll it up, that you fold it in half so the "U" only touches the "U" side and never comes in contact with the "D" side, then roll it or 4-fold it. (If you roll it up the regular way, from one end to the other, "U" will definitely come in contact with the germs on the "D" side.) Bonus: you don't have to wash it so frequently.
Copyright © 2019 Come to Yoga with Barbara Lyon - All Rights Reserved.


text:
French warship is latest NATO vessel to visit Ukraine: Kyiv Post
NATO defense sources have said that the Alliance views Russian aggression against Ukraine in the Black and Azov seas with growing concern and are preparing to deploy more ships to the region.
General Staff of Ukraine Armed Forces
A French navy warship has been docked in the Ukrainian port city of Odesa since March 23, making it the second NATO ship to visit Ukraine since the beginning of this year.
It is also the third such visit since December 2018, with NATO's three most powerful maritime forces – the US, the UK and France – all having now sent a warship into Ukrainian waters and a Ukrainian port, the Kyiv Post reports.
Observers and experts continue to state that such visits are an important gesture, signaling that the 29-member NATO Alliance is committed to Ukraine's coastal security and territorial integrity, as well as freedom of navigation throughout the Black and Azov seas.
The French warship, a mine-hunting reconnaissance vessel named Capricorne, is expected to stay until March 26.
Read alsoNATO calls on Russia to return control of Crimea to Ukraine
Capricorne entered the Black Sea on March 21 and comes at an important time for Ukraine, ten days before the country's 2019 presidential election, to be held on March 31.
According to an official statement of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the French warship came to Odesa to take part in "joint PASSEX training to increase interoperability, work out cooperation within multinational tactical units, mine countermeasures in line with NATO standards and to support bilateral French-Ukrainian cooperation in the naval and maritime security field."
Tags: #NATO#France#Odesa#RussianAggression#Navy#BlackSea


The original and unique artwork ST17 - 0902 is a creation from the artist Lau Blou, who makes artworks from watercolor painting, materials, collage and even linoleum. This is an Abstract artwork.
"Let the unconscious guide me, give voice to colors and to lights to express my emotions.. Thanks to that, I let myself be carried every day to set free my creativity"


In partnership of National Horticulture Mission, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi and agriculture / Surgarcane department, Govt. of Jharkhand the organization is trying to do following interventions from 2006 for economic development of farmers in Latehar, Lohardaga, Gumla, West Singhbhum and Jamtara district. The objective of this intervention is to promote Horticulture plants (Fruit and Flower plants and vegetables in farmers field, uncultivated land). It is also capacitating farmers for production, post harvest management and processing. Till date 8638 hectare land has been planted by different types of fruits as mangoes, guava, pears etc. - 8114 farmers have been benefitted through this mission.
Still the organization is mentoring the farmers and promoting them for marketing their produce.
Promotion of livelihood opportunities are one of the focus area of the organization. The various types of non-farm trainings like Poultry, Piggery and Goat rearing has been organized by the organization in Sundarpahari block of Godda district for Saur Pahariyas and Mal Pahariyas with the support of Tribal Welfare Department of Godda district.


text:
University to shape telecommunications of tomorrow
The University of St Andrews' reputation as a global centre of excellence in laser systems has been cemented with the announcement of a £10.5 million grant, the largest award in the University's history.
The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council has awarded the Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (IRC) grant to the School of Physics and Astronomy – the only grant of its kind awarded in Scotland.
Starting in June, the research project "Ultrafast Photonics for Datacomms Above Terabit Speeds" (UPDATES) will have important implications for the future of telecommunications. The project will be carried out in collaboration with five partner Universities – Bristol, Imperial College, Glasgow, Heriot-Watt and Sheffield – and seven major industrial partners – Agilent (formerly Hewlett-Packard), Marconi, Nortel Networks, JDS- Uniphase, Kymata, Sharp and Vitesse.
Head of School Professor Alan Miller, who will be one of the IRC Managers said, "The demands on the world's telecommunications systems are rapidly increasing, partly due to a huge expansion in internet traffic. With the continual growth in the use of the internet, delays in downloading data, images and videos can only worsen and, ultimately, we may find that existing technologies will no longer be able to support this growth, particularly with the rapid expansion of e-commerce. The IRC will look at new devices that may replace some of the bottlenecks in such systems, speeding up the traffic. The long- term goal is to undertake a revolutionary science-to- technology programme in modern opto-electronics so that the next generation of ultra-high speed communications can be developed".
The six-year grant will support research work in the important field of optical information technology, which offers major advantages over conventional electronics-based approaches. The team will focus on schemes which take advantage of digital optics.
Professor Wilson Sibbett, IRC Director, believes the funding reinforces the University's reputation as a worldwide centre of excellence. Professor Sibbett said, "The IRC will be centred around the exploitation of specialist laser systems which have been pioneered and developed by laser physicists at St Andrews. It will also build upon leading research in semi-conductor and polymer materials being carried out in the Schools of Physics and Chemistry. The University's expertise in these research fields has undoubtedly been crucial in attracting this funding. Indeed, this newly awarded IRC at St Andrews is one of just three in the UK to be fully funded by the EPSRC and the only one in Scotland".
Other key staff members will include Professor Neville Richardson (School of Chemistry) and Professors Thomas Krauss and Ifor Samuel who are joining the School of Physics and Astronomy later this year.
The research will be carried out within state-of-the-art laboratories in the School of Physics and Astronomy. A designated area will be developed for the IRC to house additional laboratories, administration space and a conference suite.
NOTE TO EDITORS:- You are invited to send a reporter/photographer to the School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, St Andrews at 10.30am on Friday 7 April 2000. Please meet Claire Grainger at the reception area before going to the labs where Professors Miller and Sibbett will be available for interviews/photographs.
Issued by Beattie Media on behalf of the University of St Andrews For more information please contact Claire Grainger on 01334 462530, 07887 650072 or email cg24@st-andrews.ac.uk Ref: EPSRC/standrews/chg/5april2000
Alan Miller Ifor Samuel laser technology Neville Richardson physics telecommunications Thomas Krauss


text:
Q: How to create filebeat index pattern in kibana? I'm currently using ELK stack with filebeat. I'm able to map the apache log file contents to Elasticsearch server in json format. Now I would like to know how to create a index pattern for filebeat in kibana? Followed below link but that did not help.
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/filebeat-index-pattern.html

A: As stated on the page you linked, "To load this pattern, you can use the script that's provided for importing dashboards." So before you will see the filebeat-* index pattern you should run the ./scripts/import_dashboards tool then refresh the page. This will write the index pattern into the .kibana index used by Kibana.
For Linux when installed by rpm or deb the command is:
/usr/share/filebeat/scripts/import_dashboards -es http://elasticsearch:9200

If you are using the tar or zip package the command is located in the scripts directory of the package.
You can further manage or modify index patterns in Kibana by going to Management -> Index Patterns.


This Tuesday some 500 delegates of the National Indigenous Congress (CNI) and the EZLN's military commanders initiated the fifth national gathering where they will analyze the national political situation, because they warned that the scenario would not be better heading into 2018. Therefore, it is urgent to close ranks and organize before the assault that comes from those that "badly govern" the country.
Called to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the creation of the CNI, indigenous coming from all corners of Mexico arrived at the Holistic Center for Indigenous Training-University of the Earth (Cideci, its Spanish acronym) in San Cristóbal de las Casas to analyze the national political situation through which the country crosses and to prepare an action plan in a coordinated and articulated way.
The indigenous talked about the 2018 elections and ratified that the path of elections is no longer the path for achieving the change that the country needs. The speakers, one-by-one, gave details of the mega-projects that threaten the original peoples in their regions.
They also warned that the future holds nothing promising for the indigenous peoples of Mexico, because of which it's urgent to achieve unity and organize before the assault of the powerful that "badly govern" this country.
Access to the event was restricted to the press, where participants were rigorously registered to access the gathering that started last Sunday and was formally inaugurated today (Tuesday, October 11).
Moisés spoke in the name of the EZLN. He remembered the context and the necessity for creating the CNI 20 years ago, with the participation of the largest number of the original peoples of Mexico.
They also honored the now-deceased founders, among them Comandante Ramona, great father Juan Chávez, honorary insurgent major Félix Serdán, compañero Ramiro Taboada and brother Efrén Capiz.
"Talking among ourselves the original peoples was and is very necessary now more than ever, because the destruction that the capitalists do against Mother Earth is extensive now and that means that we will also be destroyed, because we live on her," Moisés warned.
"Dialoguing with each other does us good, helps us understand, helps us to orient ourselves in many things about our life, but only working it bears fruit, if it isn't worked it doesn't bear fruit, the working is with the peoples, the fruit is the peoples that work organizing each other, and fighting, strengthen each other, sacrificing, as often as needed. If we don't do that work, who is going to do it? We know very well that nobody will come," he added.
"Today we believe that we are here precisely for that, to see each other, listen to each other, which is what we have done, how we have done it. What we lack is what to do and how we're going to do it; where we fail and how we're going to correct and improve," said Moisés.
"Now more than ever we must be united, countryside and city. Our trench for struggle, work and organization, is where we live in each town and later in each nation, in each tribe, in each barrio, as original peoples," he emphasized.
Especially, he noted, the task is to realize among the barrios, tribes, nations and original peoples that they no longer have a place to take refuge, because they are attacked in the countryside and in the city.
"Today we must lift our eyes among ourselves the exploited to organize ourselves, work and fight for the city and the countryside to be organized together. Because in truth we native peoples of the countryside and the city are witnesses to the fact that in the capitalist system there is not any good or tiny thing for a better life for the original peoples or those in the city," said the Zapatista military command.


Introduce us to a day in your life, preparing for the Olympics.
The training and preparation for the Olympics is very structured and fairly demanding. First, we spend about 4 hours on the ice for physical training. Then, usually, we have a two hour "gym" training. Between all this and our rest periods, we have appointments in massotherapy, physiotherapy and consultations with our mental preparer. Finally, I also have to keep time for media requests and commitments with my partners. At the end of the day, there's not much time left! I go to sleep very early since our first ice session is usually around 7am. In my day off (usually on Sunday), I like to take is easy, go at the restaurant for brunch with my friends and watch movies!
What exercises comprise your fitness regime or workout routine that you may like to share?
I train twice a day, 6 times a week on ice.
I have two lifting sessions a week (Weights in the gym).
At home, I will stretch and sometimes do abdominals.
I also take ice baths after training.
My routine is always the same in my training: strength and endurance movements.
Do you take some special diet or have a strict menu that you follow to remain healthy and physically fit?
Yes, I do have a followed plan. I have a specific number of calories I need to have, depending on the activity/training intensity. Over the years, I have learnt to know my ingredients and know what I am eating.
So, I know, when I am cooking, what I need to make to fit into my plan. For example, I know the protein portion I need to make a 500-calorie chicken wrap. But I don't carry my food scale around.
I am conscious of the intake, and respect my muscular mass and adipose mass. I must keep the adipose mass as low as possible, while maintaining a high muscular mass.
Motivation Point Olympic Short-Track Speed-Skater Katherine Reutter-Adamek Is All Set To Enter The Winter Games 2018!
© by Psychedelichosting.info 1999 ·2019. All rights reserved.


Salam Khan is a ravishing Indian film actor, producer, singer and television personality. He is a legendary actor who has a massive following and is among one of the best Khans that Bollywood has. He lives in the heart on many of his fans and is known for his performances, celebrity status and charitable links.
Salman Khan was born on December 27, 1965, in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India to a legendary writer named Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan. His mother's name is Sushila Charak(Later Salam Khan). He has two brothers named Arbaaz Khan and Sohail Khan and a sister named Arpita Khan Sharma. He is 5 ft. 8 in. tall.
His acting career began in 1988 by doing a supporting role in the movie" Biwi Ho To Aisi". His voice had been dubbed in this film. His lead role debut film was "Maine Pyar Kiya" (1989). This was a blockbuster and Salman Khan even got nominations for the Filmfare awards. He also did other films including Patthar Ke Phool, Sanam Bewafa, and Kurbaan. He has starred against Madhuri Dixit, Sanjay Dutt and Govinda. His early films were however a failed in the box office.
His Blockbusters films include Beloved (1991), Andaz Apna Apna (1994), Hum Aapke Hain Koun…! (1994), Karan and Arjun (1995), Khamoshi: The Musical (1996), Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998). He is known for his charming personality and sensitive as well as aggressive roles.
He was charged by the police for killing protected wild animals and spent about a week behind the bars. His comeback film was"Tere Naam" (2003) which was close to his heart. The film "Mujhse Shaadi Karogi" and "Salaam e Ishq" were his best ones that will be remembered lifetime.
He managed to gain back the love of his fans and directors. In 2011 his release "Ready" became the second highest opening day grosser, as well as the second highest weekend grossing Bollywood film at that time, after Dabangg. In 2007, he launched "Being Human – Salman Khan Foundation". This charitable organization helps poor children in health and education. He has endorsed many brands such as Campa Cola, Suzuki bikes etc. He has also mentored the fitness training of many actors such as Arjun Kapoor. He also appears on television shows as hosts of popular hits like "Big Boss" and "Dus Ka Dum". He has dated many celebrities and is still single. His net worth is estimated to be around $260 million according to Celebrity net worth.


This is a placeholder page for William Giuliano, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find William Giuliano.
You are visiting the placeholder page for William Giuliano. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for William Giuliano. We created this page automatically in hopes William Giuliano would find it. If you are not William Giuliano, but are an alumni of Enrico Fermi High School, register on this site for free now.


text:
"origins" of teachings/holidays matter, but not to anything JW
by oompa 9 Replies latest jw friends
oompa
why is that? jw's are always saying the origins of things are pagan...referring to ALL holidays and false doctrines that all other religions are chock full of. so why does it not matter that the "modern day" orginazations origins were full of what we now know were false teachings? and they followed ONE man...russel, then rutherford for many years...which is their own unique definition of part of what a "cult" is.
instead of placing any emphasis on how pagan or wrong the origins of early teachings of WT are...they simply say there has been new light. new light can in no way undo the facts of what the actual origins of early WT teachings/doctrines........................oompa
Morbidzbaby
I completely agree, oompa! I've had this conversation with both of my parents a few times and they insist that "What Russell did doesn't matter". My mom went so far as to say "Well, they weren't operating under Holy Spirit and they were going against the organization!"...UM...they are the effing FOUNDERS of the "organization"!! How the F*CK can you justify it?? You can't!!! I tried explaining to her who Russell and Rutherford were (she doesn't really know much WT history at ALL) and she still didn't get what I was telling her. My dad gave the whole "They needed to be readjusted...we no longer smoke or celebrate Christmas as JW's, yet they did back then...See?? The light got brighter until they were acceptable". But WAIT A FRIGGIN MINUTE!! Weren't they ALREADY chosen as "acceptable" in 19-something-teen?? Then how the hell was it they needed to change if they were already acceptable??
And around and around it goes. The bullshit stirs and they're so blinded by the flies that they can't see.
Good Morning Oompa!..
The WBT$ is untouchable..
It`s a Golden Calf meant to be Worshiped..
No blame can ever be placed on the WBT$ for anything..
It`s time to Get Naked and..
Dance around the WatchTower!..
........................ ...OUTLAW
Its a cluster**** to be sure.
I'm about to throw in the towel, but its gonna break up my family. I can't freaking be myself hearing some garbage about how close the big A is, or planning a 4th of July trip without my wife thinking I have some hidden agenda to celebrate the holiday.
Its a game where they make the rules, and they can change the rules whenever the hell they want.
You can't win with these people oompa, but Im sure you already figured that out loooooong ago...
I always send my JW mom flowers and a card for Mother's Day. She never once has refused them nor has she said "Oh, don't that's a pagan holiday". She also accepts all gifts on her birthday, Xmas and any other holiday (pagan or otherwise).
Morals and ethics, JW style.
garyneal
I've had this discussion with my wife too. It is the main reason why I decided not to follow my wife into this religion when she decided to become a witness. I'm sure they do see the double standard but have somehow reasoned their way out of it in their own minds (new light). When people like us point out the flaws of that reasoning it forces them to look at their beliefs in a way they do not wish to look at them. To quiet the dissonance in their minds, they just take the attitude that something is wrong with you, therefore they do not need to think about what you are saying.
Mind OFF...
MrFreeze
I never thought of that point before oompa. Great thread!
Hello Oompa....It's been awhile..
Bible principle: a little leaven ferments THE WHOLE LUMP.
Pagan origins are to be expunged.
How about being consistant?
The Days of the Weeks and Months of the year are of pagan origin!
The Seven Day Week
The Naming of the Days
Sunday -- Sun's day
Monday -- Moon's day
Tuesday -- Tiu's day
Wednesday -- Woden's day
Thursday -- Thor's day
Friday -- Freya's day
Saturday -- Saturn's day
The Greeks named the days week after the sun, the moon and the five known planets, which were in turn named after the gods Ares, Hermes, Zeus, Aphrodite, and Cronus. The Greeks called the days of the week the Theon hemerai "days of the Gods". The Romans substituted their equivalent gods for the Greek gods, Mars, Mercury, Jove (Jupiter), Venus, and Saturn. (The two pantheons are very similar.) The Germanic peoples generally substituted roughly similar gods for the Roman gods, Tiu (Twia), Woden, Thor, Freya (Fria), but did not substitute Saturn.
Middle English sone(n)day or sun(nen)day
Old English sunnandæg "day of the sun"
Germanic sunnon-dagaz "day of the sun"
Latin dies solis "day of the sun"
Ancient Greek hemera heli(o)u, "day of the sun"
Middle English monday or mone(n)day
Old English mon(an)dæg "day of the moon"
Latin dies lunae "day of the moon"
Ancient Greek hemera selenes "day of the moon"
Middle English tiwesday or tewesday
Old English tiwesdæg "Tiw's (Tiu's) day"
Latin dies Martis "day of Mars"
Ancient Greek hemera Areos "day of Ares"
Tiu (Twia) is the English/Germanic god of war and the sky. He is identified with the Norse god Tyr.
Mars is the Roman god of war.
Ares is the Greek god of war.
Middle English wodnesday, wednesday, or wednesdai
Old English wodnesdæg "Woden's day"
Latin dies Mercurii "day of Mercury"
Ancient Greek hemera Hermu "day of Hermes"
Woden is the chief Anglo-Saxon/Teutonic god. Woden is the leader of the Wild Hunt. Woden is from wod "violently insane" + -en "headship". He is identified with the Norse Odin.
Mercury is the Roman god of commerce, travel, theivery, eloquence and science. He is the messenger of the other gods.
Hermes is the Greek god of commerce, invention, cunning, and theft. He is the messenger and herald of the other gods. He serves as patron of travelers and rogues, and as the conductor of the dead to Hades.
Middle English thur(e)sday
Old English thursdæg
Old Norse thorsdagr "Thor's day"
Old English thunresdæg "thunder's day"
Latin dies Jovis "day of Jupiter"
Ancient Greek hemera Dios "day of Zeus".
Thor is the Norse god of thunder. He is represented as riding a chariot drawn by goats and wielding the hammer Miölnir. He is the defender of the Aesir, destined to kill and be killed by the Midgard Serpent.
Jupiter (Jove) is the supreme Roman god and patron of the Roman state. He is noted for creating thunder and lightning.
Zeus is Greek god of the heavens and the supreme Greek god.
Middle English fridai
Old English frigedæg "Freya's day"
composed of Frige (genetive singular of Freo) + dæg "day" (most likely)
or composed of Frig "Frigg" + dæg "day" (least likely)
Germanic frije-dagaz "Freya's (or Frigg's) day"
Latin dies Veneris "Venus's day"
Ancient Greek hemera Aphrodites "day of Aphrodite"
Freo is identical with freo, meaning free. It is from the Germanic frijaz meaning "beloved, belonging to the loved ones, not in bondage, free".
Freya (Fria) is the Teutonic goddess of love, beauty, and fecundity (prolific procreation). She is identified with the Norse god Freya. She is leader of the Valkyries and one of the Vanir. She is confused in Germany with Frigg.
Frigg (Frigga) is the Teutonic goddess of clouds, the sky, and conjugal (married) love. She is identified with Frigg, the Norse goddess of love and the heavens and the wife of Odin. She is one of the Aesir. She is confused in Germany with Freya.
Venus is the Roman goddess of love and beauty.
Aphrodite (Cytherea) is the Greek goddess of love and beauty.
Middle English saterday
Old English sæter(nes)dæg "Saturn's day"
Latin dies Saturni "day of Saturn"
Ancient Greek hemera Khronu "day of Cronus"
Saturn is the Roman and Italic god of agriculture and the consort of Ops. He is believed to have ruled the earth during an age of happiness and virtue.
Cronus (Kronos, Cronos) is the Greek god (Titan) who ruled the universe until dethroned by his son Zeus.
These sources are somewhat inconsistent. I have chosen interpretations that are predominate among sources or that seem most reasonable.
William Morris, editor, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language , New College Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1976
Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language , Portland House, New York, 1989
William Matthew O'Neil, Time and the Calendars , Sydney University Press, 1975
A History of the Months
The original Roman year had 10 named months Martius "March", Aprilis "April", Maius "May", Junius "June", Quintilis "July", Sextilis "August", September "September", October "October", November "November", December "December", and probably two unnamed months in the dead of winter when not much happened in agriculture. The year began with Martius "March". Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome circa 700 BC, added the two months Januarius "January" and Februarius "February". He also moved the beginning of the year from Marius to Januarius and changed the number of days in several months to be odd, a lucky number. After Februarius there was occasionally an additional month of Intercalaris "intercalendar". This is the origin of the leap-year day being in February. In 46 BC, Julius Caesar reformed the Roman calendar (hence the Julian calendar) changing the number of days in many months and removing Intercalaris.
January -- Janus's month
Middle English Januarie
Latin Januarius "of Janus"
Latin Janu(s) "Janus" + -arius "ary (pertaining to)"
Latin Januarius mensis "month of Janus"
Janus is the Roman god of gates and doorways, depicted with two faces looking in opposite directions. His festival month is January.
Januarius had 29 days, until Julius when it became 31 days long.
February -- month of Februa
Middle English Februarius
Latin Februarius "of Februa"
Latin Februa(s) "Februa" + -arius "ary (pertaining to)"
Latin Februarius mensis "month of Februa"
Latin dies februatus "day of purification"
Februarius had 28 days, until circa 450 BC when it had 23 or 24 days on some of every second year, until Julius when it had 29 days on every fourth year and 28 days otherwise.
Februa is the Roman festival of purification, held on February fifteenth. It is possibly of Sabine origin.
Intercalaris -- inter-calendar month
Latin Intercalaris "inter-calendar"
Latin Mercedonius (popular name) "?"
Intercalaris had 27 days until the month was abolished by Julius.
March -- Mars' month
Middle English March(e)
Anglo-French March(e)
Old English Martius
Latin Martius "of Mars"
Latin Marti(s) "Mars" + -us (adj. suffix)
Latin Martius mensis "month of Mars"
Martius has always had 31 days.
March was the original beginning of the year, and the time for the resumption of war.
Mars is the Roman god of war. He is identified with the Greek god Ares.
April -- Aphrodite's month
Old English April(is)
Latin Aprilis
Etruscan Apru
Greek Aphro, short for Aphrodite.
Aprilis had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29 days, until Julius when it became 30 days long.
Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love and beauty. She is identified with the Roman goddess Venus.
May -- Maia's month
Old French Mai
Old English Maius
Latin Maius "of Maia"
Latin Maius mensis "month of Maia"
Maius has always had 31 days.
Maia (meaning "the great one") is the Italic goddess of spring, the daughter of Faunus, and wife of Vulcan.
June -- Juno's month
Middle English jun(e)
Old French juin
Old English junius
Latin Junius "of Juno"
Latin Junius mensis "month of Juno"
Junius had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29 days, until Julius when it became 30 days long.
Juno is the principle goddess of the Roman Pantheon. She is the goddess of marriage and the well-being of women. She is the wife and sister of Jupiter. She is identified with the Greek goddess Hera.
July -- Julius Caesar's month
Middle English Julie
Latin Julius "Julius"
Latin Julius mensis "month of Julius"
Latin quintilis mensis "fifth month"
Quintilis (and later Julius) has always had 31 days.
Julius Caesar reformed the Roman calendar (hence the Julian calendar) in 46 BC. In the process, he renamed this month after himself.
August -- Augustus Caesar's month
Latin Augustus "Augustus"
Latin Augustus mensis "month of Augustus"
Latin sextilis mensis "sixth month"
Sextilis had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29 days, until Julius when it became 31 days long.
Augustus Caesar clarified and completed the calendar reform of Julius Caesar. In the process, he also renamed this month after himself.
September -- the seventh month
Middle English septembre
Latin September
Latin septem "seven" + -ber (adj. suffix)
Latin september mensis "seventh month"
September had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29 days, until Julius when it became 30 days long.
October -- the eighth month
Middle English octobre
Latin October
Latin octo "eight" + -ber (adj. suffix)
Latin october mensis "eighth month"
October has always had 31 days.
November -- the nineth month
Middle English Novembre
Latin November
Latin Novembris mensis "nineth month"
Novembris had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29 days, until Julius when it became 30 days long.
December -- the tenth month
Middle English decembre
Old French decembre
Latin december "tenth month"
Latin decem "ten" + -ber (adj. suffix)
December had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29 days, until Julius when it became 31 days long.
@ Terry, the JW's already have their own calendar and are quirky enough as it is...lol they don't need any more encouragement!!


What's the value of being sad?
Always feeling down? Can't seem to shift the blues? Perhaps there something about being sad that actually works for you? It may help you fit in with others around you. It may deliver attention you crave. Or it may simply fll in your emptiness and distract you from the rest of life. This is not wrong and you are welcome to keep sadness if it truly works for you. If it doesn't and you'd rather be happy, then know you can ask for it. Until you ask a question you may simply not be aware that somewhere, somehow you value sadness, for whatever reason. Are you ready for change? Then ask "What value does sadness have to me?"


The Guru sat down with Nuix VP of Business Threat Intelligence and Analysis Joe Hoofnagle and asked him about a range of topics – from compliance to data analysis, see below for how companies are adapting and what the latest in analytics and security can help us accomplish today.
Read the full interview and hear what Joe had to say.
Joe was a Vice President, Business Threat Intelligence and Analysis at Nuix. He has nearly 20 years of experience building and leading insider threat, computer forensics, incident response, eDiscovery, and information security teams. He has proven success strengthening systems and protecting vulnerable networks through robust, thoroughly documented and tested security solutions for leading corporations and federal government agencies.


text:
FLOWERS IN THE RAIN
by Rosamunde Pilcher ‧ RELEASE DATE: Sept. 27, 1991
A second story collection by the British author of such runaway hits as The Shell Seekers and September, full of what can only be called quintessential women's magazine fiction, featuring tales for every major holiday, heroines straight out of the Laura Ashley catalogue, lots of National Trust properties in the background, comfortingly predictable endings, plenty of romance and even more sentimentality. Most conspicuous here are the shafted British thirtysomething female stories, like ``The Blackberry Day.'' In it, Claudia returns to the village in Scotland where she grew up only to read in the paper that the London businessman she's been dating has up and married someone else; fortunately, she reads this tidbit in the company of her old friend Magnus, whom she's just beginning to see with new eyes. Then there are Pilcher's studies of very recognizable dilemmas: the compromises required in marriage, as in ``Playing a Round with Love,'' with its much too easy, darling- we're-having-a-baby ending; connubial love in the golden years, rekindled in the ``The Watershed'' on the occasion of a 30th wedding-anniversary party; children hanging tough in the wake of a parent's death, as 12-year-old William does in ``The Dolls House''; and still more romance, typically between simple but ruggedly handsome farm managers and the princess-like daughters at the big house. Pilcher fans will doubtless go all atremble—even though her novels are much more satisfying than these unresolved stories. Others will find them platitudinous, obvious, and, in terms of scope and variety, a little like another article on 15 great ways to cook chicken.
Pub Date: Sept. 27, 1991
Publisher: St. Martin's
Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 15, 1991
Categories: GENERAL FICTION
More by Rosamunde Pilcher
by Rosamunde Pilcher
The phrase "tour de force" could have been invented for this audacious novel.
Kirkus Reviews'
by Hanya Yanagihara ‧ RELEASE DATE: March 10, 2015
Four men who meet as college roommates move to New York and spend the next three decades gaining renown in their professions—as an architect, painter, actor and lawyer—and struggling with demons in their intertwined personal lives.
Yanagihara (The People in the Trees, 2013) takes the still-bold leap of writing about characters who don't share her background; in addition to being male, JB is African-American, Malcolm has a black father and white mother, Willem is white, and "Jude's race was undetermined"—deserted at birth, he was raised in a monastery and had an unspeakably traumatic childhood that's revealed slowly over the course of the book. Two of them are gay, one straight and one bisexual. There isn't a single significant female character, and for a long novel, there isn't much plot. There aren't even many markers of what's happening in the outside world; Jude moves to a loft in SoHo as a young man, but we don't see the neighborhood change from gritty artists' enclave to glitzy tourist destination. What we get instead is an intensely interior look at the friends' psyches and relationships, and it's utterly enthralling. The four men think about work and creativity and success and failure; they cook for each other, compete with each other and jostle for each other's affection. JB bases his entire artistic career on painting portraits of his friends, while Malcolm takes care of them by designing their apartments and houses. When Jude, as an adult, is adopted by his favorite Harvard law professor, his friends join him for Thanksgiving in Cambridge every year. And when Willem becomes a movie star, they all bask in his glow. Eventually, the tone darkens and the story narrows to focus on Jude as the pain of his past cuts deep into his carefully constructed life.
Pub Date: March 10, 2015
Publisher: Doubleday
Review Posted Online: Dec. 22, 2014
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 2015
More by Hanya Yanagihara
THE PEOPLE IN THE TREES
by Hanya Yanagihara
Best Books of 2015: Hanya Yanagihara
Go to College, Keep Your Friends, Have Fights, Write a Novel
The Year in Fiction
THE COLDEST WINTER EVER
by Sister Souljah ‧ RELEASE DATE: April 1, 1999
Debut novel by hip-hop rap artist Sister Souljah, whose No Disrespect (1994), which mixes sexual history with political diatribe, is popular in schools country-wide. In its way, this is a tour de force of black English and underworld slang, as finely tuned to its heroine's voice as Alice Walker's The Color Purple. The subject matter, though, has a certain flashiness, like a black Godfather family saga, and the heroine's eventual fall develops only glancingly from her character. Born to a 14-year-old mother during one of New York's worst snowstorms, Winter Santiaga is the teenaged daughter of Ricky Santiaga, Brooklyn's top drug dealer, who lives like an Arab prince and treats his wife and four daughters like a queen and her princesses. Winter lost her virginity at 12 and now focuses unwaveringly on varieties of adolescent self-indulgence: sex and sugar-daddies, clothes, and getting her own way. She uses school only as a stepping-stone for getting out of the house—after all, nobody's paying her to go there. But if there's no money in it, why go? Meanwhile, Daddy decides it's time to move out of Brooklyn to truly fancy digs on Long Island, though this places him in the discomfiting position of not being absolutely hands-on with his dealers; and sure enough the rise of some young Turks leads to his arrest. Then he does something really stupid: he murders his wife's two weak brothers in jail with him on Riker's Island and gets two consecutive life sentences. Winter's then on her own, especially with Bullet, who may have replaced her dad as top hood, though when she selfishly fails to help her pregnant buddy Simone, there's worse—much worse—to come. Thinness aside: riveting stuff, with language so frank it curls your hair. (Author tour)
Pub Date: April 1, 1999
Publisher: Pocket
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 1, 1999
More by Sister Souljah
A DEEPER LOVE INSIDE
by Sister Souljah
NO DISRESPECT


Kabukicho (歌舞伎町) is the most well known red-light district in Shinjuku, Tokyo. Kabukicho is home to a number of love hotels, fetish bars, dance clubs, strip clubs and other adult oriented, late night buildings.
The district was named after a theater that was supposed to be built in the 1940's called the "Kibuki Theater." Though the theater was never built, the name of the district never changed.
Before the war, the area was generally swampland and unusable. The area was rebuilt after World War II. Very quickly it blossomed into one of the most highly sexualized and adult streets in Japan, as prostitution, love hotels, companionship bars and strip clubs began to pop up across the area of the city at a rapid pace. The city is also home to a lot of Tokyo's organized crime, and many of the buildings and businesses in the area are thought to be run by the Japanese mob (both the Yakuza and the Triads have a number of members in the area). In 2004, it was estimated that the Yakuza had 1000 members and over 120 different buildings in that area alone.
In 2000, Kabukicho added a great deal of patrol cars and security to reduce many of the illegal behaviors in the area. 77 different surveillance cameras were installed as well. The result was a generally safer street as visible at night, but very little of the illegal activities that take place in the area suffered from the change, as they mostly hide underground.
This area of the city is also home to the most illegal immigration in Tokyo. The hidden, low rent areas make them ideal hiding spots for illegal immigrants, though the increase in security has cut down on the number of individuals hiding in the area.