text:
BISCOT 2019 & RBGE Florilegium at Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
In this post I'm sharing photos of:
BISCOT medal winning artists with their paintings - at the BISCOT Exhibition at Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh (RBGE)
paintings for the NEW RBGE Florilegium
You can see the exhibition of paintings
AT: The John Hope Gateway, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Arboretum Place, EH3 5NZ
UNTIL: 20 June 2019
About Botanical Images Scotia (BISCOT)
BISCOT is an acronym for "Botanical Images Scotia". It's an annual international exhibition in Scotland of contemporary botanical illustration which
promotes excellence in botanical painting and illustration.
gives both national and international artists an opportunity to exhibit in Edinburgh and presents new and original botanical work.
Each exhibitor creates a display of SIX artworks - and the exhibition is open to and attracts international entrants. In this respect BISCOT is the Scottish equivalent of the RHS Botanical Art Show in London - and is regarded as the top show in Scotland in terms of awards and prestige.
Below are photos of artists with their paintings after the exhibition transferred from Gardening Scotland to the RBGE John Hope Gateway last week.
Fran Thomas (Scotland, UK) - Scottish Native Cladonia Lichens
Sansanee Deekrajang (Thailand) - Tropical Palm Trees
Marianne Hazlewood (Scotland, UK) - Arisaema biseasonal
Simonetta Occhipinti (Italy) - The Golden Fruits
Fran Thomas (Scotland, UK) - Scottish Native Cladonia Lichens (GOLD Medal)
Fran Thomas GM (Biscot) - Fran paints native Scottish plants. In 2017 she also won a Gold Medal at BISCOT 2017 and the Mary Mendum Medal for the Best Exhibit - for her watercolour paintings of "Native plants of the coasts and islands of the Firth of Forth". She also has two RHS Silver Gilt Medals.
BISCOT Medal Winners 2019
Medals and awards were made on Friday at the BISCOT display at Gardening Scotland in Edinburgh.
BISCOT is an acronym for "Botanical Images Scotia". It's annual exhibition of contemporary botanical illustration which
The BISCOT Exhibition is held annually at
Gardening Scotland (sponsored by the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society) (31 May - 2 June)
the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) - John Hope Gateway (5-20 June 2019)
A view of part of BISCOT at Gardening Scotland
The judges look at the individual quality of the paintings/drawings and the way they look together as a complete exhibit; and the following points are considered
The depiction of the plants should be botanically accurate
Show a high level of draughtsmanship and painting skills
Both the composition of each painting and the complete exhibit are noted
All written names, including Latin names, must be accurate and well presented
The mounts are appropriate to the exhibit,
The overall design of the exhibit enhances the paintings
Paintings have a themed subject
Below is a list of the medal and award winners and images of some of the exhibits. Links to the website or Facebook Page are embedded in the name of the artist.
Sansanee Deekrajang and her exhibit of Tropical Palm Trees which won a Gold Medal and the Mary Mendum Award for an exhibit of exceptional merit
Best In Show - Sansanee Deekrajang (Thailand) - Cyrtostachys Renda
The Mary Mendum Medal Mary Mendum Award for an Exhibit of Exceptional Quality - Sansanee Deekrajang - Tropical Palm Trees
Note: the Mary Mendum Award is not awarded every year i.e. it's only awarded when there is an outstanding botanical art exhibit - which excels in terms of both botanical information and artistic quality.
I first met Sansanee at the RHS Botanical Art Show in 2016 when her RHS Gold Medal-winning exhibit of Tropical Fruits astounded very many visitors. Sansanee is renowned for her complex and colourful compositions of the scientific detail of her subject. Once seen never forgotten!
Sansanee comes form Thailand and was born in Bangkok in 1980. She has also spent time living in Lothian in Scotland - hence her awareness of this exhibition. She has a degree of art and has specialised in fine art printmaking in the past. She taught herself how to create botanical art and won an RHS Gold Medal for her watercolour paintings of tropical plants in 2016. She has a particular talent for producing very bright paintings full of content with excellent compositions.
Sansanee is also exhibiting at the 16th International Exhibition of the Hunt Institute in the Autumn 2019 and planning to exhibit at the Korea Botanical Art Award exhibition. She's also planning to be back at RHS in two years time - in 2021.
Green Gold: Plants from the Travels of John Jeffrey
Pinus jeffreyi Jeffrey Pine - Branch and cone. Watercolour by Nicola Macartney
The exhibition Green Gold: Plants from the Travels of John Jeffrey has opened in Edinburgh.
Venue: Gateway Gallery, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Dates: 27th April - 30th June 2019
The exhibition celebrates the life and achievements of plant hunter John Jeffrey. It focuses on his travels in North America in the middle of the nineteenth century. Below you can find out more about:
botanical paintings in the exhibition
John Jeffrey, the plant hunter
the book associated with the exhibition
Paintings of plants collected by John Jeffrey
The exhibition includes six especially commissioned watercolour paintings by Nicola Macartney featuring trees and flowering plants collected by Jeffrey in North America.
I met Nicola last July when she was exhibiting her suite of six paintings at the RHS Botanical Art Show - where she won a Silver Gilt Medal for her exhibit (see below).
Her paintings were created from specimens of plants growing in the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh and Benmore. - quite possibly from the cones and seeds sent back by Jeffrey to Scotland.
"Plants Collected by John Jeffrey" - exhibit at the RHS Botanical Art Show by Nicola Macartney
Nicola Macartney standing next to her watercolour painting of Pinus jeffreyi - the Jeffrey Pine
The exhibition also includes plus materials from RBGE including specimens from the Herbarium, and letters and minutes from their archives.
About John Jeffrey
John Jeffrey was born in Forneth, Parish of Clunie in east Perthshire. He worked as a gardener at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. A Scottish group known as the Oregon Association (established 1849) appointed him to travel to North America and find trees and collect their seeds.
The intention was that he would continue the efforts of botanist David Douglas (1799–1834) who made three separate trips from Britain to North America. (The Oregon state tree is named after him - its common name being Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii, once Pinus douglasii).
Jeffrey's travels involved:
a journey by ship in 1850 across the North Atlantic - from Gravesham in Kent to Hudson Bay
travelling more than 1,200 miles (1,900 km) overland to reach the Columbia River.
Four years spent exploring Washington, Oregon, and California
The odds were stacked against John Jeffrey from the start. The distances to be travelled across British Columbia and the Rocky Mountains were extraordinary, while the territory itself was challenging due to the extreme cold, high altitude, and unrest among Native American tribes
Unearthing the epic true story of a missing Scottish explorer | First published in The Scotsman, 25 April 2019
While exploring he sent the specimens he collected back to Scotland and kept journals of his travels. He discovered 24 new species many of which now grow in the gardens of the Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh and Benmore.
Thanks to his work however the seeds from 119 species were collected and more than 400 plant specimens sent to the Herbarium at RBGE, including seeds and/or specimens of 35 conifer species. Two plant species still bear his name, Dodecatheon jeffreyi and Pinus jeffreyi while a third,Penstemon jeffreyanus, was later renamed by botanists
John Jeffrey rediscovered | Botanics Stories | Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
In 1854 he disappeared while travelling east from San Diego across the Colorado Desert. Despite attempts to find him, he was never seen again.
Below is a video by Gabriel Hemery illustrating the extent of his travels
John Jeffrey | Wikipedia
Green Gold: The Epic True Story of Victorian Plant Hunter John Jeffrey by Gabriel Hemery
Green Gold (the book)
The exhibition is associated with the publication of Green Gold by Gabriel Hemery.
Gabriel Hemery is the author of
Green Gold: The Epic True Story of Victorian Plant Hunter John Jeffrey and
The New Sylva: A Discourse of Forest and Orchard Trees for the Twenty-First Century (Illustrated by
He's a forest scientist by profession and is also the Chief Executive of the Sylva Foundation and has a website which celebrates the wonders of trees, forests and wood.
Below are two videos
the first illustrates the extent of the travels of John Jeffrey across North America and down the west coast before he disappeared on his way to Arizona.
the second is an interview with Gabriel Hemery in The Edinburgh Bookshop - in which he reads an extract from his book
Subscribe to this news blog to find out more
about botanical art and illustration and associated exhibitions
Subscribe to Botanical Art & Artists - News by Email
20th Botanica annual exhibition at the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney
Botanica: The 20th Anniversary Exhibition - the annual exhibition of botanical art at the Royal Botanic Garden in Sydney is celebrating its 20th anniversary this year - and opened to the public yesterday.
Venue: Lion Gate Lodge Garden, The Royal Botanic Garden, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney
Dates: Saturday 30 March - Sunday 14 April (10 am - 4 pm daily)
Entry: FREE
Exhibiting artists: listed below.
[UPDATE: Virtual Exhibition of all 120 artworks on Flickr ]
This leading contemporary botanical art exhibition in Australia is also on at the same time as annual exhibition of the Margaret Flockton Award. So two jolly good reasons to pay a visit to the RBG Sydney!
Exploring the complex and remarkable relationship between humans and plants, the annual showcase features work by some of the best Australian and international established and emerging botanic and natural history artists.
Artists with selected artwork
Artwork selected for the exhibition has been created by Australian botanical artists. They range from some who are recognised leaders in the world of botanical art to others who are emerging as botanical artists producing high quality artwork.
Links in names below are to the website of the artist. If you an artist listed below and your website is not included please contact me or leave a comment with the URL.
You can find out more about the leading artists on my page about Botanical Artists in Australia and New Zealand
Tulipa 'Orange Princess' by Beverly Allen 620mm x 780mm Watercolour $14,500
A
Nilavan Adams,
Beverly Allen
Janette Barlow,
Sylvia Beresford,
Samantha Blanks,
Susannah Blaxill
Linda Catchlove,
Yvonne Chan,
Deb Chirnside,
Pauline Dewar
Ros Earp,
Melinda Edstein,
Dianne Emery
Ros Franklin
Lindsey Goff,
Stephanie Goss
H
Anne Hayes,
Rosy Hewitt,
Cheryl Hodges,
Tanya Hoolihan,
Annie Hughes,


text:
Operational Due Diligence
Increased demands for hedge fund managers and investors
GARETH JONES, DIRECTOR, AMBER PARTNERS
Originally published in the June 2010 issue
Hedge fund investors have become increasingly aware of operational risk and the need to include operational due diligence within their fund selection process. In recent years, hedge fund failures have cost investors billions of dollars, and the industry has experienced a steady stream of other losses attributed to Ponzi schemes, theft, deliberate mis-pricing and other operational failures. Madoff's spectacular fraud highlighted, in the most dramatic way, the importance of operational risk.
Investors have also come to appreciate, however, that the impact of operational risk on a hedge fund portfolio extends beyond the risk of a catastrophic "blow up". There is an increasing awareness that hedge funds need to be managed by well controlled and resourced firms, if they are to generate attractive returns over the long term. Hedge fund managers who build a robust business infrastructure will suffer fewer errors and less disruption. A hedge fund that fails to invest in people, systems and service providers will be operationally weak, and may suffer a drag on performance due to poor processes, procedures, controls and internal information. Above all, unlike investment risk, exposure to operational risk does not provide potential for greater returns.
Recent hedge fund failures have highlighted the extent to which the industry had moved towards strategies which trade more illiquid securities. The credit crisis also highlighted clear mismatches between the liquidity terms offered to investors and the liquidity of the underlying portfolios. Furthermore, the credit crisis itself created liquidity and pricing issues in previously liquid markets. The debt markets, for example, suffered exceptional illiquidity and pricing uncertainty during 2008. Finally, the collapse of Lehman Brothers and Bear Stearns exposed the extent to which funds and investors may be subjected to the credit risks of their counterparties.
Ongoing operational due diligence, therefore, may not only act to prevent direct financial losses, but also help investors to make more informed and timely decisions.
Investor's perspective
Many hedge fund investors are facing a greater requirement to collect and monitor more information about the operational risks of hedge funds. They are under pressure to dedicate more resources to operational due diligence and to increase the scope, depth and frequency of reviews. This is happening at a time when many allocators must make do with fewer, rather than additional, resources.
Faced with this issue, investors are seeking to realise 'efficiencies' in their operational due diligence review processes through the use of standardised checklists, scorecards and other quantitative measures. Unfortunately, due to the scale, heterogeneity, and degree of change within the hedge fund industry, it is not possible to effectively assess operational risk using such techniques.
The diversity of the hedge fund industry provides significant challenges for all investors. These challenges are equally applicable to the assessment of operational risk. The size of the industry means that one approach does not suit all. Funds may follow a straightforward or complex investment strategy, have significant assets under management or have raised only seed capital. While the largest hedge fund managers may have in excess of 150 employees, many managers remain very small.
The lack of a standard business model within the hedge fund industry means that it is not meaningful to apply a "scorecard" approach to the evaluation of operational risk. Amber's experience strongly suggests that a rigid, quantitative approach is unhelpful as a finite list of criteria will fail to take into account unique features within a particular hedge fund or management company which may work to increase, or mitigate against, operational risk.
Given this environment, a sufficient, sophisticated and flexible operational due diligence methodology is essential. Ideally, an operational due diligence methodology should also consider current global sound practice standards, such as those set out by Alternative Investment Management Association (AIMA), the Managed Funds Association (MFA) and the Hedge Fund Standards Board (HFSB).
Significant expertise is required to conduct operational due diligence effectively. The range of non-investment activities requiring assessment is considerable and includes, amongst many other things, the manager's staff and their experience, qualifications, conflicts of interest and incentives; the role of management, committees and directors, as well as processes for authorisation and oversight; IT infrastructure and security as well as business continuity and disaster recovery; legal issues, compliance policies and procedures and regulatory oversight; and, the role of the administrator, level of service provided, assessment of the specific administrative team and its interactions with the hedge fund manager.
The sheer range of operational related activities to be assessed and their interactions requires subjective judgments from industry experts with considerable experience. In addition, these experts need to be able to devote sufficient time to research and analysis, and confer with similarly qualified colleagues, in order to reach a calibrated conclusion. A balance is required between a consistent and objective process to gather relevant information, with professional judgment to qualitatively assess the unique strengths and weaknesses of each hedge fund's operations.
Many investors find they do not have such resources available in house and look to external operational due diligence service providers to act on their behalf. The choice of service provider is, however, not a straightforward matter with many factors to be taken into account. Prior to selecting a service provider, investors must consider the following:
1. How many individuals within the firm have operational expertise? Are they full time or part time staff? What makes them an expert in this field? Amber's experience has shown that a group that has diverse operational expertise is critical to identify operational risks adequately.
2. How many individuals participate in the onsite review? A minimum of two qualified staff is required to facilitate an effective internal review process and to calibrate issues appropriately. For larger and more complex strategies, it may be appropriate to have three or four staff on site.
3. Is the firm conducting investment and operational due diligence? If so, how can you be assured that investment performance does not override the assessment of operational risk?
4. What internal process does the service provider have to check the factual accuracy of its reports?
5. Is the firm adequately capitalised? There are many small, boutique firms that are solely reliant on their current revenues to sustain their business, and do not have sufficient capital to operate beyond one year without these revenues. In such cases, it is difficult to recruit senior talent as well as to implement appropriate training programmes.
Hedge fund manager's perspective
In the 'post Madoff' environment, investors expect hedge fund managers to allow them access to all operational information, and indeed prefer those that are prepared to respond efficiently and effectively to such requests. There is also an increasing acceptance within the industry that hedge fund managers require some form of external operational review.
As the scope and frequency of investors' operational due diligence demands have escalated, the time and resources dedicated by hedge fund managers to operational reviews has risen correspondingly. Hedge fund managers can no longer rely on generic operational due diligence questionnaires and brief, infrequent meetings. Investors are now requesting more detailed information, more frequently, and on a wider range of operational issues. These increased operational due diligence requirements mean hedge fund managers are required to dedicate more resources to investors' reviews, including time spent preparing documents, completing questionnaires and attending on-site meetings.
Whilst hedge fund managers clearly want to ensure that investors have the information they need to gain sufficient comfort, the cost of investor operational due diligence reviews to hedge fund managers has increased sharply. Increased staff resources to address this issue mean higher overheads, reducing the hedge fund manager's profit margins and most importantly, focus on the business. Consequently, hedge fund managers are seeking ways to deal with the on-going requirements of operational due diligence in an efficient and cost-effective manner. They are also concerned that certain investors fail to fully understand the hedge fund's complex operational environment, risks and controls. This means investors may make decisions based on factual inaccuracies, effectively wasting the resources the hedge fund manager devoted to the review process.
Finally, administrators are also experiencing sharply increased workloads and are incurring higher expenses as a result of the increased burden of investor requests for more information and to speak to various departments providing mid/back office and fund administration services. This will have an impact on profit margins and will, all things being equal, mean higher fees for hedge funds and, therefore, for investors.
Alternative approaches
The hedge fund industry has sought alternative ways to address these issues and to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the operational due diligence process by engaging firms such as Amber Partners to provide a certification review and/or hire an audit firm to perform a SAS 70 or AAF 01/06 review.
There are two types of SAS 70 reports. A Type I report describes the organisation's internal controls and is written by the client's management. The auditors offer their opinion on the fairness of management's description and the suitability of the controls to achievetheir objectives. No testing is involved. A Type II report is similar to Type I, but in addition, the auditors test key controls over a specified period and deliver their opinion on the effectiveness of those controls.
SAS 70 was originally drafted to provide guidance to auditors assessing the internal controls of service organisations. Service organisations are firms that provide outsourcing services which impact their customers' control environments. The statement was intended to apply to a wide range of service providers from medical claims processors to credit card processing organisations. A SAS 70 Type II report undoubtedly gives additional comfort that the internal control environment is operating as described for large organisations with high volumes of trading.
The Amber operational certification report was created for the hedge fund industry. Engaged by the hedge fund and the hedge fund manager in the same manner as auditors and administrators, Amber's main objective is to provide operational risk information which corresponds to the level of information sophisticated investors should reasonably expect to gather as part of their operational due diligence process on a hedge fund. All Amber operational certification reports are comparable in scope and format, and are written in a way that is concise and digestible for investors. Amber certified funds have, amongst other things, appropriate policies and procedures in place to reduce the risk of fraud and a material misstatement in the NAV calculation. Necessarily, this means that Amber's operational review process must consider the quality of staff, utilisation of systems, policies and procedures within both the hedge fund manager and fund administrator's organisations on a fund specific basis. For instance, it is important to consider the qualifications of the specific fund administration team assigned to the fund based on the complexity of the hedge fund's strategy, the specific procedures it performs for that fund (such as verification of existence of assets, independent pricing or verification of manager pricing, etc.) and details of the team's interactions with the hedge fund manager, especially for issues such as margin movements, pricing and reconciliations.
Whilst Amber's Certification review does not incorporate testing, the review process does seek evidence that the key policies and procedures described by management are, in fact, in place through documentation review, corroboration of information with different employees and with external service providers, and walk through procedures that cover the trade flow process. Amber's Certification methodology also recognises that there are key operational risk areas that cannot be tested. For instance, the adequacy of segregation of duties, suitability of key compliance policies, corporate governance practices, business continuity plans and the appropriateness of staff qualifications, to name a few, are all important to the assessment of operational risk yet cannot be objectively tested.
Amber's Certification methodology has been designed in light of current industry practices whilst also considering the recommendations of industry trade associations. In particular, Amber's methodology considers the operational recommendations of the 2009 edition of MFA's Sound Practices for Hedge Fund Managers, AIMA and the UK HFSB Standards. The methodology creates a consistent framework for each Amber Certification, and provides guidelines for the performance of an operational due diligence investigation that can be applied to any fund.
Hedge fund investors have become increasingly aware of operational risk and the need for thorough due diligence. This increased focus has in turn highlighted resource constraints within the hedge fund industry. Allocators are under pressure to dedicate more resources to operational due diligence, and many investors, who do not have sufficient resources in house, are looking to external service providersand third party reports to provide additional information and comfort.
There is also an increasing recognition within the fund management community that hedge fund managers can benefit significantly from an external operational review. As the scope and frequency of investors' operational due diligence demands have escalated, the time and resources dedicated by hedge funds to operational reviews has risen correspondingly. Hedge fund managers are looking for ways to deal with the on-going requirements of operational due diligence in an efficient and cost-effective manner as well as looking for ways to differentiate themselves from their peers.
The hedge fund industry has sought to address these issues, in particular through engaging firms such as Amber Partners to provide a certification review and/or hiring an audit firm to perform a SAS 70 or AAF 01/06 review. Whilst such reviews differ in purpose and scope, they play an increasingly important role in making the operational due diligence process more cost efficient and effective for both investors and hedge fund managers.
Amber Partners is a leading independent operational risk certification firm to the hedge fund industry and is one of the foremost experts in the field of hedge fund operational due diligence. Engaged by hedge funds, Amber Partners provides advice on hedge fund operational risk and a credential for hedge funds: Amber Certification. Amber certified funds have a commitment to operational best practice, provide operational transparency, and meet a benchmark of global operational standards. Amber's operational certification reports are widely recognised and accessed by approximately 2500 registered users globally, including institutions, pension funds, endowments, family offices, banks and funds of funds.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Removing blah, blah, blah: Editor's Notes #291
What I like in a good author is not what he says
but what he whispers.
1. Removing blah, blah, blah
2. Tickled my funny bone
3. Interesting Web site
4. Writing prompt
Sometimes you need snappy dialogue; sometimes you need a long, slow debate; sometimes you need action. Whatever you use, make it reveal something the reader needs.
First draft dialogue often comes across as blah, blah, blah because we tend to write the way we and our friends talk. While dialogue should sound realistic, good dialogue needs the hand of an artist to move beyond a transcription of everyday speech.
The talk bubble in cartoons that says, "Blah, blah, blah," shows what inconsequential dialogue sounds like to readers. To remove the blah, blah, blah effect, take out anything that does not move the story forward or does not set a scene or does not change or intensify the mood.
Combine the dialogue with consequential action. If the heroine flips her hair, is it just a movement for its own sake, or is she flirting or angry? If a character sips tea, does he do so simply because the writer thinks some action is called for or because he's chilled to the bone and needs sweet, milky tea to revive him?
One of my favourite actions with dialogue that definitely removes the sense of blah, blah, blah has the eyes of one of George Eliot's characters following the quilling on the bonnet of the woman she is speaking to. Without saying so, George Eliot puts the conversation into the context of the disparate social situations of the women, leading to multiple levels of meaning to the conversation. Not every conversation can or should be bolstered by such a clever image, but when you can use an action that adds so much to the reader's understanding of the situation, your writing becomes indelibly satisfying to your readers.
2.Tickled my funny bone
Test answer from a student: Socrates died from an overdose of wedlock. After his death, his career suffered a dramatic decline.
The link below shows multiple examples of successfully using dialogue with and without action.
https://www.writersdigest.com/writing-articles/by-writing-goal/write-first-chapter-get-started/how-to-balance-action-narrative-and-dialogue-in-your-novel/
Keep your ears open for snippets of dialogue around you. Rewrite one conversation to remove the blah, blah, blah. I'd love to see your result.
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Follow me on Twitter @AudreytheEditor
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If you know a writer who would appreciate receiving Editor's Notes, forward this issue.
If someone has passed this on to you, you can get your own free subscription by signing up at https://www.writershelper.com/newsletter.html


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We further suppose that the number of failures at each shock follows a truncated binomial distribution and the process of shocks is nonhomogeneous Poisson process. The signature-based expressions for the conditional entropy of T given T1 , the joint entropy, Kullback-Leibler K-L information, and mutual information of the lifetimes T and T1 are presented. Furthermore, we use the results to derive a sharp upper bound on the expected system lifetime in terms of the mean and the standard deviation of the underlying distribution. The concept of signature see, eg, Samaniego, 2007 has been used to evaluate the latter mean residual life functions. Communication networks have been used and studied for several decades, but their application and broad utilization has expanded dramatically in the last 15 years. Based on the practical and research success in building reliability into systems with system signatures, this is the first book treatment of the approach.
Lifeline networks, such as water distribution and transportation networks, are the backbone of our societies, and the study of their reliability of them is required. This study reveals that a slight change in the complex bridge network affects the reliability significantly. The applicability of the proposed methods is demonstrated by analysing a complex system reliability in the presence of common cause failures. In order to verify the correctness of Algorithm 3 which 380 is based on survival signature, the results have been compared with the solution of simulation method based on the structural function. For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Rebekah McClure. Rosen conducted some remarkable experiments on unidirectional fibrous composites that gave seminal insights into their failure under increasing tensile load. This approach is specially relevant in the determination of bathtub-shaped models and in burn-in procedures.
The system signature has been found to be useful for comparisons the performance and quantification of the reliability of coherent system. The results on distorted distributions are also used to get comparisons of finite mixtures. Here, Rosen's experiments are analyzed to determine the shape of a bundle. In the study of the reliability of systems in reliability engineering, it has been defined several measures in the reliability and survival analysis literature. A real data set is also analysed for an illustration of the findings. These comparisons-which have been done over the years-demonstrate the practical, feasible and fruitful use of the tool in building reliable systems.
An open problem regarding coherent systems is comparing the expected system lifetimes. Based on the practical and research success in building reliability into systems with system signatures, this is the first book treatment of the approach. The reliability importance of components is derived analytically to evaluate the relative importance of the component with respect to the overall reliability of the system. The problem of comparing system performance using the expected system lifetime is still an open problem. The book compared actual system lifetimes where the tool has been and has not been used. K-terminal reliability is defined as the probability that a subset K of the network nodes can communicate with each other. The practical, standardized, technical tool for characterizing reliability in systems is system signatures which was created in 1985 and since has developed into a powerful tool for qualifying reliability.
In order to perform reliability analysis on systems with common cause failures, the α-factor model-based time independent and time varying methods are introduced, respectively. Finally, new results and future directions for system signatures are also explored. In brief, the signature of an n-component system is a probability vector whose ith element is the probability that the ith component failure is fatal to the system. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach have been demonstrated by a case study. We study the main stochastic orderings: hazard rate, stochastic, mean residual life and likelihood ratio orders. Approximations are developed and justified when the underlying component distribution is unknown.
The book compared actual system lifetimes where the tool has been and has not been used. It should be mentioned that the probability matrix with elements defined as 1. Several examples are examined graphically and numerically. Stochastic and ageing properties of the proposed failure probabilities are studied under different conditions. The reliability function, the mean residual lifetime and the hazard rate are helpful tools to analyze the maintenance policies and burn-in. In addition, the number of cycles in an interval is assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. Finally, some recommendations along with concluding remarks are provided.
The components are subject to failure due to the occurrence of shocks appearing based on a counting process, and some of the components may fail as a result of each shock. If all the edges have the same probability of failing, this leads to the so-called reliability polynomial of the network. The survival signature is closely related with system signature. In this article, we carry out the stochastic comparison between coherent systems through the relative aging order when component lifetimes are independent and identically distributed. The occurrence of signatures in a variety of reliability contexts is noted. This paper considers information properties of coherent systems when component lifetimes are independent and identically distributed. It utilizes the structure function to combine these estimators to obtain the system reliability estimator.
Over the past ten years the broad applicability of system signatures has become apparent and the tool's utility in coherent systems and communications networks firmly established. Nonparametric Results, Naval Research Logistics, 35 1988 , 221-236 Samaniego, F. The main characteristic of our use of the term is that a system works or fails to work as a function of the working or failure of its components. That is, these subsystems are no longer disjoint. Multiple component failure modes, as well, are considered, and sensitivities are analysed to identify the most critical Common-Cause Group to the survivability of the system. General contact details of provider:.


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  // represents some combination of states in the NDFA. Therefore, we actually have to store a
  // list of states here. (Actually, what we really want is a set of states, but because our
  // patterns are mostly non-cyclic a list of states should work fine and be a bit more efficient.)

  // Our state list starts out pointing only at the start of the pattern.
  states.resize(0);
  states.add(0);

  Vector<uint> scratch;

  // Iterate through each character in the name.
  for (char c: name) {
    // Pull the current set of states off to the side, so that we can populate `states` with the
    // new set of states.
    Vector<uint> oldStates = kj::mv(states);
    states = kj::mv(scratch);
    states.resize(0);

    // The pattern can omit a leading path. So if we're at a '/' then enter the state machine at
    // the beginning on the next char.
    if (c == '/' || c == '\\') {
      states.add(0);
    }

    // Process each state.
    for (uint state: oldStates) {
      applyState(c, state);
    }

    // Store the previous state vector for reuse.
    scratch = kj::mv(oldStates);
  }

  // If any one state is at the end of the pattern (or at a wildcard just before the end of the
  // pattern), we have a match.
  for (uint state: states) {
    while (state < pattern.size() && pattern[state] == '*') {
      ++state;
    }
    if (state == pattern.size()) {
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

void GlobFilter::applyState(char c, int state) {
  if (state < pattern.size()) {
    switch (pattern[state]) {
      case '*':
        // At a '*', we both re-add the current state and attempt to match the *next* state.
        if (c != '/' && c != '\\') {  // '*' doesn't match '/'.
          states.add(state);
        }
        applyState(c, state + 1);
        break;

      case '?':
        // A '?' matches one character (never a '/').
        if (c != '/' && c != '\\') {
          states.add(state + 1);
        }
        break;

      default:
        // Any other character matches only itself.
        if (c == pattern[state]) {
          states.add(state + 1);
        }
        break;
    }
  }
}

}  // namespace _ (private)

// =======================================================================================

namespace {

class TestExceptionCallback: public ExceptionCallback {
public:
  TestExceptionCallback(ProcessContext& context): context(context) {}

  bool failed() { return sawError; }

  void logMessage(LogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line, int contextDepth,
                  String&& text) override {
    void* traceSpace[32];
    auto trace = getStackTrace(traceSpace, 2);

    if (text.size() == 0) {
      text = kj::heapString("expectation failed");
    }

    text = kj::str(kj::repeat('_', contextDepth), file, ':', line, ": ", kj::mv(text));

    if (severity == LogSeverity::ERROR || severity == LogSeverity::FATAL) {
      sawError = true;
      context.error(kj::str(text, "\nstack: ", strArray(trace, " "), stringifyStackTrace(trace)));
    } else {
      context.warning(text);
    }
  }

private:
  ProcessContext& context;
  bool sawError = false;
};

}  // namespace

class TestRunner {
public:
  explicit TestRunner(ProcessContext& context)
      : context(context), useColor(isatty(STDOUT_FILENO)) {}

  MainFunc getMain() {
    return MainBuilder(context, "KJ Test Runner (version not applicable)",
        "Run all tests that have been linked into the binary with this test runner.")
        .addOptionWithArg({'f', "filter"}, KJ_BIND_METHOD(*this, setFilter), "<file>[:<line>]",
            "Run only the specified test case(s). You may use a '*' wildcard in <file>. You may "
            "also omit any prefix of <file>'s path; test from all matching files will run. "
            "You may specify multiple filters; any test matching at least one filter will run. "
            "<line> may be a range, e.g. \"100-500\".")
        .addOption({'l', "list"}, KJ_BIND_METHOD(*this, setList),
            "List all test cases that would run, but don't run them. If --filter is specified "
            "then only the match tests will be listed.")
        .callAfterParsing(KJ_BIND_METHOD(*this, run))
        .build();
  }

  MainBuilder::Validity setFilter(StringPtr pattern) {
    hasFilter = true;
    ArrayPtr<const char> filePattern = pattern;
    uint minLine = kj::minValue;
    uint maxLine = kj::maxValue;

    KJ_IF_MAYBE(colonPos, pattern.findLast(':')) {
      char* end;
      StringPtr lineStr = pattern.slice(*colonPos + 1);

      bool parsedRange = false;
      minLine = strtoul(lineStr.cStr(), &end, 0);
      if (end != lineStr.begin()) {
        if (*end == '-') {
          // A range.
          const char* part2 = end + 1;
          maxLine = strtoul(part2, &end, 0);
          if (end > part2 && *end == '\0') {
            parsedRange = true;
          }
        } else if (*end == '\0') {
          parsedRange = true;
          maxLine = minLine;
        }
      }

      if (parsedRange) {
        // We have an exact line number.
        filePattern = pattern.slice(0, *colonPos);
      } else {
        // Can't parse as a number. Maybe the colon is part of a Windows path name or something.
        // Let's just keep it as part of the file pattern.
        minLine = kj::minValue;
        maxLine = kj::maxValue;
      }
    }

    _::GlobFilter filter(filePattern);

    for (TestCase* testCase = testCasesHead; testCase != nullptr; testCase = testCase->next) {
      if (!testCase->matchedFilter && filter.matches(testCase->file) &&
          testCase->line >= minLine && testCase->line <= maxLine) {
        testCase->matchedFilter = true;
      }
    }

    return true;
  }

  MainBuilder::Validity setList() {
    listOnly = true;
    return true;
  }

  MainBuilder::Validity run() {
    if (testCasesHead == nullptr) {
      return "no tests were declared";
    }

    // Find the common path prefix of all filenames, so we can strip it off.
    ArrayPtr<const char> commonPrefix = StringPtr(testCasesHead->file);
    for (TestCase* testCase = testCasesHead; testCase != nullptr; testCase = testCase->next) {
      for (size_t i: kj::indices(commonPrefix)) {
        if (testCase->file[i] != commonPrefix[i]) {
          commonPrefix = commonPrefix.slice(0, i);
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    // Back off the prefix to the last '/'.
    while (commonPrefix.size() > 0 && commonPrefix.back() != '/' && commonPrefix.back() != '\\') {
      commonPrefix = commonPrefix.slice(0, commonPrefix.size() - 1);
    }

    // Run the testts.
    uint passCount = 0;
    uint failCount = 0;
    for (TestCase* testCase = testCasesHead; testCase != nullptr; testCase = testCase->next) {
      if (!hasFilter || testCase->matchedFilter) {
        auto name = kj::str(testCase->file + commonPrefix.size(), ':', testCase->line,
                            ": ", testCase->description);

        write(BLUE, "[ TEST ]", name);

        if (!listOnly) {
          bool currentFailed = true;
          KJ_IF_MAYBE(exception, runCatchingExceptions([&]() {
            TestExceptionCallback exceptionCallback(context);
            testCase->run();
            currentFailed = exceptionCallback.failed();
          })) {
            context.error(kj::str(*exception));
          }

          if (currentFailed) {
            write(RED, "[ FAIL ]", name);
            ++failCount;
          } else {
            write(GREEN, "[ PASS ]", name);
            ++passCount;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    if (passCount > 0) write(GREEN, kj::str(passCount, " test(s) passed"), "");
    if (failCount > 0) write(RED, kj::str(failCount, " test(s) failed"), "");
    context.exit();

    KJ_UNREACHABLE;
  }

private:
  ProcessContext& context;
  bool useColor;
  bool hasFilter = false;
  bool listOnly = false;

  enum Color {
    RED,
    GREEN,
    BLUE
  };

  void write(StringPtr text) {
    FdOutputStream(STDOUT_FILENO).write(text.begin(), text.size());
  }

  void write(Color color, StringPtr prefix, StringPtr message) {
    StringPtr startColor, endColor;
    if (useColor) {
      switch (color) {
        case RED:   startColor = "\033[0;1;31m"; break;
        case GREEN: startColor = "\033[0;1;32m"; break;
        case BLUE:  startColor = "\033[0;1;34m"; break;
      }
      endColor = "\033[0m";
    }

    String text = kj::str(startColor, prefix, endColor, ' ', message, '\n');
    write(text);
  }
};

}  // namespace kj

KJ_MAIN(kj::TestRunner);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
New York's infamous Rikers Island jail is to close
duration 18 October 2019
image captionA bridge connect Rikers Island to the rest of New York
Rikers Island, a New York jail notorious for the grim stories of cruelty and abuse that emerged from behind its walls, and for its infamous inmates - among them Tupac Shakur, Sid Vicious, and Mark David Chapman - is to close.
The jail earned a variety of nicknames over the years, including Gladiator School, Torture Island, and, when the weather was warm, the Oven - because its concrete floors and steel doors soaked in the summer heat. New York city council speaker Corey Johnson called it "a symbol of brutality and inhumanity".
"It is time for us to once and for all close Rikers Island," Mr Johnson told the city council. "As a city we must do everything we can to move away from the failed policies of mass incarceration."
Following a vote by council members, his first demand at least will come to fruition - the storied jail is now set to close in 2026.
At a meeting of the city council, council members recounted the deaths of former inmates, including Kalief Browder, who took his own life at the age of 22 after being imprisoned in Rikers aged 16 for stealing a backpack - a crime he denied. Browder's family could not afford bail, and he spent three years awaiting trial, half in solitary confinement.
Layleen Polanco was a transgender woman who died of an epileptic seizure, also in solitary confinement. After her death, the New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) called for Rikers' closure and a reform to the jail culture of "punishment, abuse and neglect".
image captionThe jail, pictured here in 1983, has been open since the 1930s
Rikers Island is among the world's largest jails - it is perched on a 413 acre (167 hectare) island between Queens and the Bronx and holds about 7,000 inmates, down from more than 20,000 at its peak in the 1990s. Most inmates are awaiting trial or serving sentences shorter than one year and a disproportionate number are black or Hispanic.
"For decades, our city was unfair to those who became involved in the justice system, and the overwhelming majority who were caught up were black and brown men," Mr Johnson said.
Along with three other detention centres in Manhattan, Brooklyn and the Bronx, the jail complex will be replaced by four new facilities under a six-year, $8.7 billion proposal put forward by the city's mayor, Bill de Blasio. Critics of the proposal argued that it would lead to higher levels of incarceration in the state - and protesters disrupted the vote, shouting: "If you build it they will fill it."
"The idea is to begin actually decarcerating New York City instead of building new jails" said Marlene Nava Ramos, a member of the advocacy group No New Jails NYC.
Listen: Rapping on Rikers Island
Notorious New York prison to close
Obama bans solitary jail for juveniles
From penthouse to Rikers Island jail cell
Epstein jail 'a gulag' in lower Manhattan
Other critics said the six-year timeline was unrealistic, claiming that the plan to shrink the jail population to a combined daily capacity of 3,300 prisoners would mean more violent criminals on the streets.
"It's not clear how they're going to get these numbers and it's politically driven," Seth Barron, from the conservative think tank NYC Initiative, told the Associated Press. "It's a big risk because we've already taken all the nonviolent people out of Rikers," he said.
Mr de Blasio said he was optimistic. "The era of mass incarceration is over," he told reporters after the vote. "This action today is about valuing our people - no longer sending them on a pathway that only made their lives worse and worse."
He spoke of breaking "a cycle of incarceration" by better integrating prisoners into the community once they have completed their sentences. "That cycle ends now," he said.
image captionRikers prison complex in the snow
Are there more US black men in prison or college?
New York Rikers Island teen jails 'violent and unsafe'
Rikers Island: NYC mayor backs plan to close prison
Strauss-Kahn faces tough routine at Rikers Island jail
Jeffrey Epstein jail 'a gulag' in lower Manhattan
Obama bans solitary confinement for juveniles and low-level offenders
World on brink of catastrophic moral failure - WHO1
BBC apologises for Phil Spector death headline2
Melania's jacket and nine other defining images3
Biden 'to cancel Keystone pipeline on first day'4
Man found 'living in airport for three months'5
Capitol security scare ahead of Biden inauguration6
FBI investigates 'Pelosi laptop offer to Russia'7
How ordinary women became SS torturers8
Trapped miners send plea on handwritten note9
One in, one out: How the White House changes hands10


text:
List of Puerto Rico-related topics
Title: List of Puerto Rico-related topics
Subject: Sports in Puerto Rico, Index of Puerto Rico-related articles, Casals Festival
The Flag of Puerto Rico
The Coat of Arms of Puerto Rico
Main article: Puerto Rico
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Puerto Rico:
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States of America located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands.[1] The commonwealth comprises an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller islands and keys, the largest of which are Vieques, Culebra, and Mona. The main island of Puerto Rico is the least extensive but the third most populous of the four Greater Antilles: Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
Puerto Ricans often call the island Borinquen, from Borikén, its indigenous Taíno name.[2][3] The terms boricua and borincano derive from Borikén and Borinquen respectively, and are commonly used to identify someone of Puerto Rican heritage. The island is also popularly known as "La Isla del Encanto", which translated means "The Island of Enchantment."
1 General reference
2 Geography of Puerto Rico
2.1 Environment of Puerto Rico
2.1.1 Natural geographic features of Puerto Rico
2.2 Regions of Puerto Rico
2.2.1 Ecoregions of Puerto Rico
2.2.2 Administrative divisions of Puerto Rico
2.2.2.1 Provinces of Puerto Rico
2.2.2.2 Districts of Puerto Rico
2.2.2.3 Municipalities of Puerto Rico
2.3 Demography of Puerto Rico
3 Government and politics of Puerto Rico
3.1 Branches of the government of Puerto Rico
3.1.1 Executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico
3.1.2 Legislative branch of the government of Puerto Rico
3.1.3 Judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico
3.2 Foreign relations of Puerto Rico
3.2.1 International organization membership
3.3 Law and order in Puerto Rico
3.4 Military of Puerto Rico
3.5 Local government in Puerto Rico
4 History of Puerto Rico
5 Culture of Puerto Rico
5.1 Art in Puerto Rico
5.2 Sports in Puerto Rico
6 Economy and infrastructure of Puerto Rico
7 Education in Puerto Rico
8 Infrastructure of Puerto Rico
Common English country name: Puerto Rico
Official English country name: The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Common endonym(s):
Official endonym(s):
Adjectival(s): Puerto Rican
Demonym(s):
Etymology: Name of Puerto Rico
ISO country codes: PR, PRI, 630
ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PR
Internet country code top-level domain: .pr
Geography of Puerto Rico
Main article: Geography of Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico is
an archipelagic island country (see also List of island countries)
a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States
organized as a commonwealth
Northern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
North America (though not on the mainland)
Time zone: Eastern Caribbean Time (UTC-04)
Extreme points of Puerto Rico
High: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m (4,390 ft)
Low: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Land boundaries: none
Population of Puerto Rico: 3,991,000 - 26th most populous US jurisdiction
Area of Puerto Rico: 9,104 km2
Atlas of Puerto Rico
Environment of Puerto Rico
Climate of Puerto Rico
Environmental issues in Puerto Rico
Renewable energy in Puerto Rico
Geology of Puerto Rico
Protected areas of Puerto Rico
Biosphere reserves in Puerto Rico
National parks of Puerto Rico
Superfund sites in Puerto Rico
Wildlife of Puerto Rico
Flora of Puerto Rico
Fauna of Puerto Rico
Birds of Puerto Rico
Mammals of Puerto Rico
Natural geographic features of Puerto Rico
Beaches in Puerto Rico
Glaciers: None
Islands of Puerto Rico
Lakes of Puerto Rico
Mountains of Puerto Rico
Volcanoes in Puerto Rico
Rivers of Puerto Rico
Waterfalls of Puerto Rico
Valleys of Puerto Rico
World Heritage Sites in Puerto Rico
Regions of Puerto Rico
Main article: Regions of Puerto Rico
Ecoregions of Puerto Rico
Main articles: List of ecoregions in Puerto Rico and Ecoregions in Puerto Rico
Administrative divisions of Puerto Rico
Main article: Administrative divisions of Puerto Rico
Provinces of Puerto Rico
Districts of Puerto Rico
Municipalities of Puerto Rico
Main article: Provinces of Puerto Rico
Main article: Districts of Puerto Rico
Main article: Municipalities of Puerto Rico
Capital of Puerto Rico: San Juan
Cities of Puerto Rico
Demography of Puerto Rico
Main article: Demographics of Puerto Rico
Government and politics of Puerto Rico
Main article: Government of Puerto Rico and Politics of Puerto Rico
Form of government:
Elections in Puerto Rico
Political parties in Puerto Rico
Taxation in Puerto Rico
Branches of the government of Puerto Rico
Main article: Government of Puerto Rico
Executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico
Head of state: President of the United States, Barack Obama
Head of government: Governor of Puerto Rico, Luis Fortuño
Puerto Rico Department of State
Puerto Rico Department of Economic Development and Commerce
Legislative branch of the government of Puerto Rico
Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico (bicameral)
Upper house: Senate of Puerto Rico
Lower house: House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
Judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico
Main article: Court system of Puerto Rico
Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
Foreign relations of Puerto Rico
Main article: Foreign relations of Puerto Rico
Consular Offices in Puerto Rico
United States-Puerto Rico relations
International organization membership
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is a member of:[1]
Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom) (observer)
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) (subbureau)
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
World Confederation of Labour (WCL)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (associate)
Law and order in Puerto Rico
Main article: Law of Puerto Rico
Constitution of Puerto Rico
Crime in Puerto Rico
Human rights in Puerto Rico
LGBT rights in Puerto Rico
Freedom of religion in Puerto Rico
Law enforcement in Puerto Rico
Military of Puerto Rico
Main article: Military history of Puerto Rico
Commander-in-chief:
Puerto Rico National Guard
Puerto Rico Air National Guard
List of Puerto Rican military personnel
Local government in Puerto Rico
Main article: Local government in Puerto Rico
History of Puerto Rico
Main article: History of Puerto Rico
Military history of Puerto Rico
Ortoiroid people
Saladoid people
Taíno
On November 19, 1493, a Spanish fleet under the command of Christoffa Corombo (Christopher Columbus) lands on a large island inhabited by Taíno people that he names San Juan Bautista (Saint John the Baptist, now Puerto Rico).
On August 8, 1508, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León establishes Capárra, the first European settlement on the island of San Juan Bautista.
Viceroyalty of New Spain, 1519–1821
Captaincy General of Puerto Rico, 1580-1898
Royal Decree of Graces of 1815
El Grito de Lares of 1868
Moret Law of 1870
Intentona de Yauco of 1898
Spanish-American War, April 23 – August 12, 1898
Spanish Empire declares war on the United States, April 23, 1898
United States invasion of Puerto Rico, July 25, 1898
Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898
United States Military government of Porto Rico, December 10, 1898 – May 1, 1900
United States Government of Porto Rico, May 1, 1900 – March 2, 1917
Foraker Act of 1900
World War I, June 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918
United States Territory of Porto Rico, March 2, 1917 – May 17, 1932
Jones-Shafroth Act of March 2, 1917
Puerto Ricans in World War I War on April 6, 1917
United States Territory of Puerto Rico, May 17, 1932 – July 25, 1952
Puerto Ricans in World War II, September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945
United States enters Second World War on December 8, 1941
Cold War, March 5, 1946 – December 25, 1991
Korean War, June 25, 1950 – July 27, 1953
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s
Ponce Massacre
Río Piedras massacre
Jayuya Uprising
Utuado Uprising
San Juan Nationalist revolt
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico) since July 25, 1952
Constitution of Puerto Rico of July 25, 1952
Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War, September 26, 1959 – April 30, 1975
Persian Gulf War, August 2, 1990 – February 28, 1991
Afghanistan War, since October 7, 2001
Iraq War, since March 20, 2003
Culture of Puerto Rico
Main article: Culture of Puerto Rico
Ethnicity in Puerto Rico
African immigration to Puerto Rico
Chinese immigration to Puerto Rico
Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
French immigration to Puerto Rico
German immigration to Puerto Rico
Irish immigration to Puerto Rico
Jewish immigration to Puerto Rico
Spanish immigration to Puerto Rico
Cultural diversity in Puerto Rico
Festivals in Puerto Rico
Media in Puerto Rico
National symbols of Puerto Rico
Coat of arms of Puerto Rico
Flags of Puerto Rico
National anthem of Puerto Rico
People of Puerto Rico
History of women in Puerto Rico
Public holidays in Puerto Rico
Religion in Puerto Rico
Christianity in Puerto Rico
Roman Catholicism in Puerto Rico
Protestantism in Puerto Rico
Hinduism in Puerto Rico
Islam in Puerto Rico
Judaism in Puerto Rico
Art in Puerto Rico
Architecture of Puerto Rico
Cinema of Puerto Rico
Cuisine of Puerto Rico
Literature of Puerto Rico
Music of Puerto Rico
Television in Puerto Rico
Theatre in Puerto Rico
Sports in Puerto Rico
Main article: Sports in Puerto Rico
The history of organized sports in Puerto Rico
Football in Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico at the Olympics
Economy and infrastructure of Puerto Rico
Main article: Economy of Puerto Rico
Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 95th (ninety-fifth)
Agriculture in Puerto Rico
Banking in Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico Government Development Bank
Communications in Puerto Rico
Internet in Puerto Rico
Companies of Puerto Rico
Currency of Puerto Rico: Dollar
ISO 4217: USD
Energy in Puerto Rico
Energy policy of Puerto Rico
Oil industry in Puerto Rico
Mining in Puerto Rico
Tourism in Puerto Rico
Transport in Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico Stock Exchange
Education in Puerto Rico
Main article: Education in Puerto Rico
Infrastructure of Puerto Rico
Health care in Puerto Rico
Transportation in Puerto Rico
Airports in Puerto Rico
Rail transport in Puerto Rico
Roads in Puerto Rico
Water supply and sanitation in Puerto Rico
Index of Puerto Rico-related articles
Book:Puerto Rico
Spanish language edition of World Heritage Encyclopedia, the free encyclopedia
All pages beginning with "Puerto Rico"
All pages beginning with "Puerto Rican"
Find more about Puerto Rico at World Heritage Encyclopedia's sister projects
Definitions and translations from
Quotations from
Source texts from
Textbooks from
Learning resources from
Puerto Rican government
Official website (Spanish)
Application of the U.S. Constitution in U.S. Insular Areas
United Nations (U.N.) Declaration on Puerto Rico
U.N. Decolonization Committee's press release on what it deems as the colonial political status of Puerto Rico
Country, Regions and territories profiles
BBC Territory profile
Encyclopaedia Britannica profile
CIA - The World Factbook
People and self
Religion and belief systems
Technology and applied sciences
Outline of the Caribbean
Outline of the United States by political division
Insular areas
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
San Juan (capital)
Aguadilla–Isabela–San Sebastián
Mayagüez
San Germán–Cabo Rojo
San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo
Adjuntas
Añasco
Canóvanas
Cataño
Ciales
Comerío
Guánica
Jayuya
Juana Díaz
Las Marías
Loíza
Maricao
Maunabo
Morovis
Orocovis
Peñuelas
Quebradillas
San Germán
Toa Alta
Trujillo Alto
Vega Alta
Desecheo
Gatas
Icacos
Caja de Muertos
Isla de Jueyes
Isla de Ratones, Cabo Rojo
Isla de Ratones, Ponce
Isleta de San Juan
Isla del Frío
Monito
Morrillito
Puerto Rico, United States, Horse racing, Pan American Games, Athens
Constitution of Puerto Rico, Government of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Internet
Casals Festival
Johann Sebastian Bach, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Krzysztof Penderecki, Justino Díaz


Seritage Growth Properties will face some short-term pain if primary tenant Sears Holdings rejects its master lease with the REIT. But that pain could pave the way for long-term gains.
A little more than three years ago, Sears Holdings (NASDAQOTH:SHLDQ) spun off real estate investment trust Seritage Growth Properties (NYSE:SRG) and sold more than 250 real estate assets to Seritage. The idea was that Sears would receive some much-needed cash to pay down debt, while Seritage would be able to gradually recapture space from Sears and Kmart and redevelop some of its real estate for higher-paying tenants.


text:
Devise::Async.backend = :sidekiq
Devise::Async.queue = :mailer


text:
From Bollywood to Death Metal, Watch Queen's Bohemian Rhapsody Performed in 42 Styles
Hema Malini Takes Part in 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' at Parliament, But Can She Sweep Away the Memes?
News18 »	Buzz
Ten Second Songs cover one of Queen's most celebrated songs, Bohemian Rhapsody, which is also the name of the upcoming biopic, in which Mercury is played by Rami Malek aka Mr Robot.
Shantanu David | News18.com
Updated:October 29, 2018, 8:44 AM IST
Rami Malek as Freddie Mercury in Bohemian Rhapsody (Image: Twitter/20th Century Fox)
While the idea of monarchy may be outmoded and irrelevant (despite the Windsor's recent massive PR success with The Crown), there's one Queen who's enjoying a massive revival. A biopic on Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara), frontman of iconic British rock band Queen, set to release worldwide on November 2, led to a resurgence of interest in the pioneering band, its eclectic sound, and most of all its flamboyant lead singer and frontman.
The video, produced and uploaded by musician Anthony Vincent on his popular YouTube channel Ten Second Songs, sees the singer cover one of Queen's most celebrated songs, Bohemian Rhapsody, which is also the name of the upcoming biopic, in which Mercury is played by Rami Malek aka Mr Robot.
The song starts off in Queen's original style, before veering off the scales and travelling across wildly different soundscapes. Vincent, as his channel indicates, switches genres roughly every 10 seconds, or verse, in what turns out to be a pretty seamless medley of melodies.
From Daft Punk, Frank Sinatra and Chuck Berry to Tool, Muse, Nirvana and even System of a Down, it's quite the chop suey of musical styles and eras, into one delicious bit of ear candy. And of course, there's a shout-out to Bollywood, and you can probably guess which part it's used in. Yep, "He's just a poor boy, from a poor family." The West really needs to get over Slumdog Millionaire.
In any case, check out the full cover below:
bohemian rhapsody 42 styles
bohemian rhapsody by queen
bohemian rhapsody cover
Rishikesh's Iconic 'Lakshman Jhula' Closed Down After 90 Years, Deemed Unsafe and Beyond Repair
Saturday 13 July , 2019 Chandrayaan-2: India Prepares To Launch Second Mission To Moon
Monday 08 July , 2019 Your Handwriting Can Reveal A Lot About Your Personality


text:
Chiropractic Care Could Help With Existing Health Problems
Maham Abedi, The Huffington Post Canada
04/22/2014 01:16am EDT | Updated January 11, 2016
Gabriela Medina via Getty Images
Chiropractic treatment for health problems is not always considered when it comes to healing, but you may be surprised to find that relief from some of most chronic pains could be helped by a few chiropractic sessions.
As an alternative form of medical treatment, chiropractic care is generally geared towards helping patients with back, neck and joint pain. Dr. Hamza Saif, an Ottawa-based chiropractor at the Hunt Chiropractic Clinic, says the treatment can also improve symptoms and effects of common illnesses to improve overall quality of life.
"While we don't claim to cure organic diseases, we can improve the quality of life of patients dealing with them," said Saif.
Saif gives the example of asthma, which often causes mid-back pain due to constant coughing. Chiropractors can't cure asthma, but they can relieve the back and muscle pain caused by it, he says.
According to the Canadian Chiropractic Association, the treatment is gradually gaining popularity. The association reports that 53 per cent of Canadians had visited a chiropractor for treatment at some point in their lives in 2009, compared to 49 per cent in 2005.
Even as it gains popularity, there is pushback to the alternative treatment by medical doctors and patients alike, who say there is little medical evidence for chiropractic solutions. One of the major risks often associated with chiropractic care is the potential for increasing the risk of strokes. However, a study published by the European Spine Journal in 2008, found that there were no links between the two.
Saif says much of the controversy surrounding chiropractic treatment is often due to a lack of education, especially in older doctors who weren't formally taught it in medical school (chiropractors get their degrees at separate chiropractic colleges).
"The best place to start is a consultation with a licensed chiropractor. Skeptical people are usually the ones who haven't seen a chiropractor."
As Dr. Saif mentioned, chiropractic treatments won't cure anything, but they might able to work in conjunction with other medical care to help. Check out these ailments that have been found to benefit from a chiropractor:
Chiropractic Treatments
Migraines: According to migraines.com, a number of studies have proved that chiropractic treatment can lower the frequency and pain intensity of migraines.
Cerebral Palsy: Individuals with cerebral palsy often have "dysfunctional muscles", which cause other muscles to work extra and strain. Chiropractic treatment can help reduce stress on these muscles, says Saif.
Parkinson's Disease: While it's unknown exactly what causes this disease, studies have linked it to accidents causing head traumas and spinal misalignments, according to Yourspine.com. Chiropractic treatments can correct these misalignments and remove pressure on surrounding nerves.
Arthritis Pain Relief: Saif says most people over 50-years-old have some signs of joint degeneration, which causes pain and stiffness. Chiropractic adjustments can help joints feel less sore so they move more freely.
High Blood Pressure: According to Saif, studies have shown that just one chiropractic session can keep blood pressure lowered for several weeks. He recommends seeing a NUCCA specialist, a specific type of chiropractor that deals with upper neck adjustments.
Cancer Pain Relief: The effects of cancer treatments like chemotherapy can often leave patients feeling extreme fatigue and soreness to the point they are bedridden. With chiropractic adjustments, some of this pain can be relieved so they have a better quality of life. says Saif.
Strengthen Immune System: While there is little research to prove this, Saif says studies are being done to prove what many patients already feel. Regular chiropractic patients often report better overall immune systems and wellness levels.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome often feel itching, burning or soreness in parts of their body, after doing constant, repetitive movements. Chiropractors can help by providing posture-related advice, suggesting stretches and doing adjustments, says Saif.
Reduce Anxiety And Depression: Although chiropractic care doesn't claim to treat the physiological effects of these mental illnesses, Saif says it can help with physical effects such as lethargy, which often causes soreness and pain, worsening physiological problems.
alternative health treatmentsback pain treatmentchiropractic alternative healthchiropractic carechiropractic health


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