text:
require 'test/unit'
require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../../lib/haml'
require 'haml/template'

class HelperTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
  include Haml::Helpers

  def setup
    ActionView::Base.register_template_handler("haml", Haml::Template)
    @base = ActionView::Base.new
    @base.controller = ActionController::Base.new
  end

  def render(text, options = {})
    if options == :action_view
      @base.render :inline => text, :type => :haml
    else
      Haml::Engine.new(text, options).to_html
    end
  end

  def test_flatten
    assert_equal(flatten("FooBar"), "FooBar")

    assert_equal(flatten("Foo\rBar"), "FooBar")

    assert_equal(flatten("Foo\nBar"), "Foo
Bar")

    assert_equal(flatten("Hello\nWorld!\nYOU ARE \rFLAT?\n\rOMGZ!"),
                         "Hello
World!
YOU ARE FLAT?
OMGZ!")
  end

  def test_list_of_should_render_correctly
    assert_equal("
1
\n
2
\n", render("= list_of([1, 2]) do |i|\n  = i"))
    assert_equal("
1
\n", render("= list_of([[1]]) do |i|\n  = i.first"))
    assert_equal("
\n
Fee
\n
A word!
\n
\n
\n
Fi
\n
A word!
\n
\n
\n
Fo
\n
A word!
\n
\n
\n
Fum
\n
A word!
\n
\n",
      render("= list_of(['Fee', 'Fi', 'Fo', 'Fum']) do |title|\n  %h1= title\n  %p A word!"))
  end

  def test_buffer_access
    assert(render("= buffer") =~ /#<Haml::Buffer:0x[a-z0-9]+>/)
    assert_equal(render("= (buffer == _hamlout)"), "true\n")
  end

  def test_tabs
    assert_equal(render("foo\n- tab_up\nbar\n- tab_down\nbaz"), "foo\n  bar\nbaz\n")
  end

  def test_helpers_dont_leak
    # Haml helpers shouldn't be accessible from ERB
    render("foo")
    proper_behavior = false

    begin
      ActionView::Base.new.render(:inline => "<%= flatten('Foo\\nBar') %>")
    rescue NoMethodError
      proper_behavior = true
    end
    assert(proper_behavior)

    begin
      ActionView::Base.new.render(:inline => "<%= concat('foo') %>")
    rescue ArgumentError, NameError
      proper_behavior = true
    end
    assert(proper_behavior)
  end

  def test_action_view_included
    assert(Haml::Helpers.action_view?)
  end

  def test_action_view_not_included
    #This is for 100% rcov, rather than any real testing purposes.
    Kernel.module_eval do
      alias_method :old_require, :require
      def require(string)
        raise LoadError if string == "action_view"
        old_require string
      end
    end

    load File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../../lib/haml/helpers/action_view_mods.rb'

    Kernel.module_eval do
      alias_method :require, :old_require
    end
  end

  def test_form_tag
    result = render("- form_tag 'foo' do\n  %p bar\n  %strong baz", :action_view)
    should_be = "<form action=\"foo\" method=\"post\">\n
bar
\n  baz\n</form>\n"
    assert_equal(should_be, result)
  end

  def test_capture_haml
    assert_equal("\"
13
\\n\"\n", render("- foo = capture_haml(13) do |a|\n  %p= a\n= foo.dump"))
  end

  def test_is_haml
    assert(!ActionView::Base.new.is_haml?)
    assert_equal("true\n", render("= is_haml?"))
    assert_equal("true\n", render("= is_haml?", :action_view))
    assert_equal("false", @base.render(:inline => '<%= is_haml? %>'))
    assert_equal("false\n", render("= render :inline => '<%= is_haml? %>'", :action_view))
  end
end


text:
Last updated on January 2020
DS-1205c With Gefitinib for Metastatic or Unresectable Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Are you eligible to participate in this study?
You may be eligible for this study if you meet the following criteria:
Conditions: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Age: Between 20 - 100 Years
Gender: Male or Female
Has histologically or cytologically documented adenocarcinoma NSCLC
Has locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, not amenable to curative surgery or radiation
Has acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) according to the Jackman criteria (PMID: 19949011):
Historical confirmation that the tumor harbors an EGFR mutation known to be associated with EGFR TKI sensitivity (including G719X, exon 19 deletion, L858R, L861Q) OR
Has experienced clinical benefit from an EGFR TKI, followed by systemic progression [Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST version 1.1) or World Health Organization (WHO)] while on continuous treatment with an EGFR TKI
Is currently receiving and able to interrupt gefitinib or discontinue erlotinib, afatinib, or osimertinib
Has been receiving gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, or osimertinib for at least 6 weeks with well-controlled related toxicities less than Grade 3 in severity at the time of screening period; participants who have been receiving gefitinib must be taking gefitinib at a dose of 250 mg/day
Has radiological documentation of disease progression while receiving continuous treatment with gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, or osimertinib
Has at least one measurable lesion per RECIST version 1.1
Is willing to provide archival tumor tissue from a biopsy performed after progression during treatment with gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, or osimertinib OR has at least one lesion, not previously irradiated, amenable to core biopsy and is willing to undergo screening tumor biopsy
Demonstrates absence of EGFR T790M mutation in tumor tissue since progression during gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, or osimertinib treatment
Has Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0 or 1, with no deterioration over the previous 2 weeks
Has any evidence of small cell histology, or combined small cell and non-small cell histology, in original tumor biopsy or in screening biopsy performed since progression
Has previously documented evidence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion, ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusion, BRAF V600E mutation, rearranged during transfection (RET) rearrangement, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutation, or MET exon 14 skipping mutation - no new testing for these genomic alterations is required for Screening
Has received treatment with any of the following:
Any cytotoxic chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, investigational agent or other anticancer drug(s) from a previous cancer treatment regimen or clinical study (other than EGFR TKI), within 14 days of the first dose of study treatment
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy within 30 days of first dose of study treatment
Major surgery (excluding placement of vascular access) within 4 weeks of the first dose of study treatment
Radiotherapy treatment to more than 30% of the bone marrow or with a wide field of radiation within 4 weeks, or palliative radiation therapy within 2 weeks of the first dose of study drug treatment
Has history of other active malignancy within 3 years prior to enrollment, except:
Adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer OR
Superficial bladder tumors (Tumor stage "a" [Ta], Tumor stage "is" [Tis], Tumor stage "1" [T1]) OR
Curatively treated in situ disease OR
Low-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer (with Gleason score < 7 on antiandrogen therapy)
Has spinal cord compression or clinically active brain metastases, defined as untreated and symptomatic, or requiring therapy with corticosteroids or anticonvulsants to control associated symptoms - Subjects with clinically inactive brain metastases may be included in the study. Subjects with treated brain metastases that are no longer symptomatic and who require no treatment with corticosteroids or anticonvulsants may be included in the study if they have recovered from the acute toxic effect of radiotherapy. A minimum of 2 weeks must have elapsed between the end of whole brain radiotherapy and study enrollment (1 week for stereotactic radiotherapy).
Has retinal disease in the eye that is not due to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD; eg, significant diabetic retinopathy, glaucomatous retinal atrophy, retinal detachment)
Has history of myocardial infarction within the past 6 months
Has symptomatic congestive heart failure [New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classes II-IV], unstable angina, or cardiac arrhythmia requiring antiarrhythmic treatment
Has left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45% by either echocardiogram (ECHO) or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan
Has any clinically important abnormalities in rhythm, conduction or morphology of resting ECG, eg, complete left bundle branch block, third-degree heart block, second-degree heart block, or PR interval > 250 milliseconds (ms)
Has a mean corrected QT interval using Fridericia's correction (QTcF) prolongation >470 ms for females and >450 ms for males in three successive Screening measurements
Unable or unwilling to discontinue concomitant use of drugs that are known to prolong the QT interval
Has any factors that increase the risk of QTc prolongation or risk of arrhythmic events, such as congenital long QT. syndrome, family history of long QT syndrome or unexplained sudden death under 40 years of age in first degree relatives
Has a history of (non-infectious) interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis that required corticosteroid treatment, has current ILD/pneumonitis, or has suspected ILD/pneumonitis which cannot be ruled out by imaging at screening
Has history of pancreatitis within the past 6 months

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Look Vpns Russia Ukraine Apptopia 15k
Microsoft Criticized Removing Exploit From Github
Twitter Potus Theverge
Look, VPNs Russia Ukraine Apptopia 15k
Q: What can I do to help improve the situation between Russia and Ukraine?
Q: What are VPNs?
Q: How long has the conflict between Russia and Ukraine been going on?
Q: What is the current state of affairs between Russia and Ukraine?
Look Vpns Russia Ukraine Apptopia 15k The situation between Russia and Ukraine is heartbreaking, with the war continuing to take its toll on both sides. While the conflict has been going on for over a year now, many still hope for peace and reconciliation between the two countries. Fortunately, this hope may be observed in the actions of citizens from both countries.
For example, the app store Apptopia reports that in the last year, there has been a 15,000 increase in the number of people using virtual private networks (VPNs) to connect. VPNs allow users to bypass restrictions imposed by both governments and form an avenue for direct communication between Russian and Ukrainian citizens. This is a powerful sign of support and solidarity between the two countries, despite their current issues.
VPNs clearly indicate that some are determined to improve the situation between Russia and Ukraine in any way they can. To this end, we must all do our part to advocate for peace and understanding so that these two neighbors may once again live in harmony. Ending this conflict is possible, but it requires the collective effort of all involved. Look Vpns Russia Ukraine Apptopia 15k Only then can we see a future for Russia and Ukraine free from violence and strife. Together, we can make a difference.
Let us all work together to create a future characterized by peace and reconciliation between Russia and Ukraine. We can make it happen!
The situation between Russia and Ukraine is heartbreaking, with the war continuing to take its toll on both sides. While the conflict has been going on for over a year now, many still hope for peace and reconciliation between the two countries. Fortunately, this hope may be observed in the actions of citizens from both countries. For example, the app store Apptopia reports that in the last year, there has been a 15,000 increase in the number of people using virtual private networks (VPNs) to connect. VPNs allow users to bypass restrictions imposed by both governments and form an avenue for direct communication between Russian and Ukrainian citizens. This is a powerful sign of support and solidarity between the two countries, despite their current issues.
VPNs clearly indicate that some are determined to improve the situation between Russia and Ukraine in any way they can. To this end, it is essential to consider what we can do to help bring about peace and understanding between these two countries. We can start by using our words and actions to advocate for a peaceful resolution rather than one based on hostility and aggression. Additionally, we can reach out to those affected by the conflict to provide support and resources as needed.
Ultimately, ending this conflict is possible, but it requires the collective effort of all involved. Only then can we see a future for Russia and Ukraine free from violence and strife. Together, we can make a difference. Let us all work together to create a lot characterized by peace and reconciliation between Russia and Ukraine. We can make it happen!
A: You can start by using your words and actions to advocate for a peaceful resolution rather than one based on hostility and aggression. You can also reach out to those affected by the conflict to provide support and resources as needed. Ultimately, ending this conflict is possible, but it requires the collective effort of all involved. Together, we can make a difference and create a future characterized by peace and reconciliation between Russia and Ukraine.
A: Virtual private networks (VPNs) allow users to bypass restrictions imposed by both governments and form an avenue for direct communication between Russian and Ukrainian citizens. VPNs clearly indicate that some are determined to improve the situation between Russia and Ukraine in any way they can.
A: The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been going on for over a year now, resulting in the death of over 10,000 people. There is still much work to be done to bring about peace and reconciliation, but we can make it happen with collective effort. Together, we can create a future characterized by peace and understanding.
A: Russia and Ukraine's current state of affairs is not good. It isn't good. There has been a war going on for over a year between the two countries, which has resulted in the death of over 10,000 people. Although there is still much work to be done, there are those who hope for peace and reconciliation between the two countries. Let us all work together to make it happen! With collective effort and support, it is possible to bring about a future characterized by peace and understanding.
Tags: look russia apptopia vpns 15k 475klook russia ukraine apptopia 15k 475klook russia ukraine apptopia vpns 475klook vpns apptopia vpns 15k 475klook vpns russia apptopia 15k 475klook vpns russia apptopia vpns 15kLook Vpns Russia Ukraine Apptopia 15klook vpns ukraine apptopia vpns 15klook vpns ukraine apptopia vpns 475klook vpns ukraine vpns 15k 475kvpns russia ukraine apptopia 15k 475kvpns ukraine apptopia vpns 15k 475k


text:
DANIEL MENCHE
For Immediate Release: March 2012
communications@yaleunion.org
YU welcomes world-renowned sound artist Daniel Menche,
who will perform on April 21, 2012.
Daniel Menche's compositions consist of layered soundscapes crafted from typically non-musical sounds that he transforms, with extensive processing and manipulation, into a highly structured sonic whole. Starting with raw field recordings, Menche records the natural world (waterfalls, wind, thunder), the body (screaming, heartbeat, singing), and an array of instruments, constructing them into immersive sound pieces at times violently loud or subtly quiet. The music is intense in a very literal way, and can be loud to a level somewhere just past aural impaction. It is difficult to listen to. It speaks for itself, not attempting to represent or reveal truths or meanings beyond its own emphatic presence.
Menche is an experimental composer and musician who travels extensively to perform his music at venues across North America, Europe, and Asia. Born and raised in Portland where he still resides, he has released over forty recordings since 1993.
WHAT: Daniel Menche
WHEN: April 21, 2012 at 9:00 PM, Doors Open at 8:00pm
WHERE: YU, 800 SE 10th Ave, Portland, OR 97214
ADMISSION: $5
Tickets available for purchase:
Online at www.yaleunion.org
At the following retailers:
Stand Up Comedy/ 811 E Burnside St. #111
Mississippi Records/ 4007 N Mississippi Ave
Exiled Records/ 4628 SE Hawthorne Blvd
Clinton St Records and Stereo/ 2510 SE Clinton St
And at the door, 8pm


text:
Q: $\exists f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $\frac{f(X_1)}{X_1+X_2}$ is independent of $X_1$? Let $X_1, X_2$ be independent real random variables. Does there exist a non-zero measurable function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $$\frac{f(X_1)}{X_1+X_2}\text{ is independent of }X_1?$$
I am especially interested in the case when $X_1, X_2$ are continuous, but we do not assume anything else about them.
My ideas are the following: if $\frac{f(X_1)}{X_1+X_2 }$ does not depend on $X_1$, then $\frac{f(X_1)}{X_1+X_2}=g(X_2)$. Rewriting this we get $X_1+X_2 = f(X_1)g^{-1}(X_2)$. But on the left-hand side, we have a sum, and on the right side a product. Hence, that's a contradiction.  However, these steps are not rigorous and I am not really sure if I can make them. Especially, the existence of $g$ probably does not hold.

A: If we are interested in just existence, there is such example. Let $\xi = \frac{f(X_1)}{X_1 + X_2}$.
Assume $X_1$ takes values $x_1$ and $x_2$ with probabilities $\frac{1}{2}$ each, and $X_2$ takes $y_1$ and $y_2$.
Then, if $X_1 = x_1$, $\xi$ takes values $\frac{f(x_1)}{x_1 + y_1}$ and $\frac{f(x_1)}{x_1 + y_2}$ with probability $\frac{1}{2}$, and if $X_1 = x_2$ - values $\frac{f(x_2)}{x_2 + y_1}$ and $\frac{f(x_2)}{x_2 + y_2}$.
As we want $\xi$ to be independent of $X_1$, the sets of values should be the same.
Assume that, like in Yuval's example in comments, different values of $X_1$ transposes values of $\xi$, so we have
$$\begin{cases}
\frac{f(x_1)}{x_1 + y_1} = \frac{f(x_2)}{x_2 + y_2}\\
\frac{f(x_1)}{x_1 + y_2} = \frac{f(x_2)}{x_2 + y_1}
\end{cases}$$
This is equivalent to
$$\begin{cases}
x_1 + y_1 + x_2 + y_2 = 0\\
f(x_1) = -f(x_2)
\end{cases}$$
and none of denominators above being equal to $0$.
So, we can take, for example, $x_1 = 1$, $x_2 = -1$, $f(x) = x$, $y_1 = 2$, $y_2 = -2$, and get
$$P\left(\xi = \frac{1}{3}\right) = P\left(\xi = \frac{1}{3} | X_1 = 1\right) = \frac{1}{2}$$
$$P\left(\xi = -1\right) = P\left(\xi = -1 | X_1 = 1\right) = \frac{1}{2}$$
Thus $\xi$ is independent of $X_1$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Over the years of dedication and commitment we have developed many different projects, and whether big, small, art nouveau, vintage or functional, the focus is always on our customers.
If you plan to refurbish your home, or change the kitchen, bathroom or floor, come and see us at our facility in Palafrugell. We will be pleased to help and advise you so that you can make all the alterations that you wish. We're ready to start work as soon as you like.


text:
Destination Newport - Tour of Team Headquarters
Visiting Polo Teams Receive Red Carpet Roll-Out
Newport has become a world renown polo destination, thanks, in part to the first class hospitality extended to the visiting teams. The finest locations in Newport roll out the red carpet to host our international guests of honor as their Official Team Headquarters while in port. Each locale offers signature amenities, beautifully appointed guest rooms, and unbeatable locations to take in the City by the Sea.
Season 28 will open with the Chilean Polo Team challenging USA on June 1st. The team's host is the only hotel overlooking the stunning views of Newport's Cliff Walk and Easton's Beach. The Chanler at Cliff Walk was built as a private home by the Astor family, leaders of Gilded Age high society, and has undergone a renaissance as a luxury boutique hotel. The Chanler has played host to notables such as poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and President Theodore Roosevelt. The hotel creates a unique blend of contemporary serenity and gilded elegance of Newport's historic past, incorporating modern services and amenities, with superb dining, and convenient location within easy reach of Newport's great offerings. Enjoy all that Newport's newest Forbes 4-star hotel has to offer.
The Vanderbilt will be the Scottish team's castle-away-from-castle for the second year in a row. The former high society mansion built by the Vanderbilt family turned luxury boutique hotel, is sheltered from the downtown bustle, but is mere steps from the historic city center. Guests can savor culinary masterpieces celebrating local produce at The Vanderbilt Grill and afterward make their way up to Newport's best-kept secret, the roof deck terrace. Expertly mixed cocktails created by master mixologists are the perfect accompaniment to the stunning sunset views of the historic center and harbor. Indoor and outdoor pools are among its well-kept secrets. Recent accolades include the AAA Four Diamond award.
Hotel Viking will host fan favorite, Jamaica for the team's 20th appearance in the Newport International Polo Series. Hotel Viking opened to an awestruck public in May 1926 at its tony Bellevue Ave address. As a member of the prestigious Historic Hotels of America, the Viking in Newport holds a special place in history. From the clock above the Front Desk depicting ancient Nordic Runes to the original 1926 brass letter box in the Lobby, the hotel offers a wonderful combination of style, comfort, and modern amenities. Brimming with stories of famous dignitaries and celebrities, the Hotel Viking has offered gracious hospitality for over 90 years. The newest addition to Hotel Viking's amenities is the recently opened Hill Market, serving up coffee creations, house-made pastries, and on-the-go-bites. Take a break from your busy schedule and enjoy the indoor pool and game room, indulge at Spa Fjör, and dine at One Bellevue Restaurant.
The Italian Team will escape to the private island oasis of Gurney's Newport Resort & Marina. Gurney's offers a secluded retreat, steps away from the heart and history of the charming cobblestone streets of Newport. Its manicured acres offer 360-degree uninterrupted shoreline views boasting the best sunsets in Newport and an unmatched setting for guest accommodations, special events, water-front dining, entertainment, wellness spa and family fun. With its first class amenities, dining, and entertainment, it's no wonder that Gurney's Newport won the 2018 Condé Nast Traveler Reader's Choice Award!
Vanderbilt International Properties represents the most luxurious and unique properties throughout Rhode Island and the world. Each year, several of the visiting teams are hosted in these premier locations, like the stunning waterfront Vanderbilt Residences, to delight in the amenities of these exclusive Newport properties. The Vanderbilt International Properties team has several decades of experience cultivating and selling world-class properties to the most discerning clientele, building personal relationships while achieving first-rate results. Whether looking for a permanent residence, or your own Newport summer headquarters, find it at Vanderbilt International Properties.
Esprit de Polo. Capture the spirit that brings the world to Newport for the 28th season of the Newport International Polo Series, home of America's first polo club, offering public exhibition matches, polo club member services for grass & arena polo, and polo instruction year-round; est. in 1876 and a founding member of the United States Polo Association.


As basic as they come, this compact own brand chest freezer from Currys is usually one of the cheapest too. With only 60 litres available it is most suitable for a single or two person household, or as an overflow freezer for a family.
At just 50cm wide it is one of the narrowest freezers around making it ideal for tight spaces (leave enough room for airflow at the back though!).
Currys say that this is suitable for outbuildings, but we don't think they mean unheated ones and we don't recommend this freezer is used where the temperature may drop below 10 degrees Celsius.


text:
OWTU says government imposing neoliberalization through State of Emergency
Home » OWTU says government imposing neoliberalization through State of Emergency
With the risks connected to climate change mounting, the pathways to a low carbon, socially just transition and a more climate-resilient future, are emerging. Alongside global action, this transition will also bring resilience to the impacts of climate change on the Caribbean.
But Chief Education and Research Officer of the Oilfield Workers Trade Union Ozzi Warrick said government is instead attempting to neoliberalize the country.
"The government is attempting to impose this transition on the population in the pandemic," he said. The transition? A shift to a green economy.
This will see measures being implemented by the government to reduce greenhouse emissions such as the establishment of a solar utility and promoting a transition to Electric Vehicles as a low carbon alternative to liquid transportation fuels.
Warrick was giving his contribution to an online discussion on social dialogue and democracy held by the Trinidad and Tobago extractive industries transparency initiative.
Noting that between 2015 and 2019 over 30,000 persons would have lost their jobs, Warrick said the reskilling and capacity building mentioned by Prime Minister Dr. Keith Rowley at the COP26 Summit in Glasgow, Scotland last week, that would come with this transition, was never revealed to or discussed with members of the public.
Warrick then explained that he believes the government is attempting to package this as a just transition when it is really the advancement of further privatization and liberalization of the country.
"We are in fact, right now, we are experiencing structural adjustment programs based on the government's neoliberalization ideology. That is what is happening," Warrick added.
He went on to say that the State of Emergency is being used to restrict mass action against what is their unjust transition and noted that," We will truly never never realise who we are because we are right back in the clutches of multinational coorporations."
Just Transition is a vision-led, unifying and place-based set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy. The transition itself must be just and equitable; if the process of transition is not just, the outcome will never be. These strategies were first forged by labor unions and environmental justice groups, who saw the need to phase out the industries that were harming workers, community health, and the planet; and at the same time provide just pathways for workers to transition to other jobs.
Mr. Warrick made it clear that the OWTU is prepared to fight going forward, and do whatever it takes to never go back to new forms of neo-liberalization.
Red growth is what he said the union will be fighting for.
"It means growth that is people-centered, driven by the indigenous capacity of drawing on the imagination from ourselves as a people and not be caught up with the ideas of allowing multinationals to once again retake the ownership of energy," Warrick clamored.


We deliver top notch quality at the most competitive prices on the markt. Cutting cost by efficiency and flat organisation of freelancers. One men post-crew or for larger projects with my friends in business.
Always a pleasure interacting with the voice talents lifting them to their best performance. One room studio with large screen projection, maximize the direct interaction.
The experience, the feel and the energy. All elements dialogue, sound effects, foley, music come together, creating a submerging experience for the spectator. Equipped with 5.1 full spectrum surround sound with pristine Neumann bass-management.
From overwhelming to minimalistic. Transforming moving image into an unforgettable experience.
Over a decade of experience in the art of Foley. Working for both large and small budget but always on a tight schedule, trying to get the most out of a moving picture.
Official VoiceQ Affiliate – Advanced ADR & Dubbing software. Digital ritmoband enhancing speed and accuracy of Voice Over, ADR and Dubbing.
Komende maand breng ik wat tijd door bij de gezellige bende van Warnierposta. Nieuwe studio's met prachtig zicht op de amsterdamse haven.


Part of the annual Bodies of Work Fesitval, this event will feature women poets and writers exploring the theme of "Uncommon Bodies." I will be sharing an essay about the often disorienting relationship between physical disability and magical thinking.
Check out the other amazing works being presented throughout the festival here!


Doktor A's spooktacular Copper Creeps enlist two new Copper Creep kicking off series 4! Making its debut at ToyCon UK 2017 next week we will get to see The Phantom and The Gillman which will go along very well with the others from the previous series.
Copper Creeps are a series of resin figures inspired by famous movie monsters of the past. These stylish robotic interpretations of all your favourite iconic monsters will elevate your collection to the next level. You will feel your movie monster collection is complete when you add these unique versions of the classic creatures you love so much. They look stunning on your work desk or in your cabinets. Complementing your existing collection by adding an exciting new twist to those classic designs.
The figures were all designed and sculpted by award-winning toy artist Bruce Whistlecraft (aka Doktor A). Each piece is lovingly and individually hand cast and finished in England by Baroque Designs.
DokA Booth #35 at ToyCon UK.


text:
European IP Helpdesk
Bulletin No. 1 – Licensing
With knowledge being one of the main driving forces of modern-day economies and "Open Innovation" becoming an increasingly important concept of collaboration, intellectual property (IP) has become a central (business) asset. Different kinds of IP – whether trademarks, patents, copyright, know-how or design – can be used and exploited in various settings and multiple ways. However, licensing is undoubtedly one of the most common ones when it comes to turning IP into profit and transferring knowledge between different parties – be it from a research organisation to a company or from one business entity to another.
The present Bulletin issue sheds light on different aspects of IP licensing and provides professional first-hand insights into real-life licensing practice. We get you started with a brief introduction to key terminology and concepts including an outline from WIPO of six fundamental ideas related to technology licensing. Subsequently, our Senior Policy Advisor Eugene Sweeney takes a look at key (commercial) ingredients in a licence, and tells us a little bit more about the questions and issues to be addressed once the licence deal is done. As Richard Brunner and Sevim Süzeroğlu-Melchiors, both leading IP experts at the Dennemeyer Group, rightly conclude in their piece on licensing out technologies from an SME's perspective: "A successful licence deal does not end with the parties' signatures, it is only the beginning."
In the following, we turn our focus towards some sample cases and best practice examples from the world of technology transfer. We will introduce you to Bastian July, co-founder of the technology recommendation platform GoodIP, who talks current challenges and barriers related to technology brokering and market matching, and gives an overview of intermediaries in the field. Research centres and universities have large pools of novel inventions and IP, but often struggle to find the right licensee. In this regard, the technology transfer office of the German Saarland
University can be seen as a success story that is largely based on an innovative IP commercialisation strategy and rather unusual transfer pathways, as Axel Koch, Managing Director of the Knowledge and Technology Transfer Office, further explains in his article.
While successful knowledge transfer thus already represents a challenge in itself, less performing EU member states face even larger difficulties in establishing appropriate structures to improve the sustainable exploitation of research results. This is where the EU-funded initiative "Alliance4Life" comes into play, seeking to close the performance gap between EU-15 and EU-13 member states in European health research and innovation. In her project portrait, consortium partner Smiljka Vikić-Topić gives some insights into the innovation culture of European transition countries with a particular focus on life sciences. When it comes to licensing in this field, there are some specifics to be kept in mind, as Sebastian Tegethoff from the 24IP Law Group points out.
Taking up the theme of this year's World IP Day "IP & Sports" this edition is rounded off with an article by Jose Alberto Merida Velazquez showcasing various ways of monetising IP in the realm of sports.
We hope you will enjoy delving into the different facets of IP licensing. Thank you for reading!
The European IP Helpdesk editorial team
Getting Started 2
Introduction to IP licensing
Key Ingredients in a Licence	4
Central terms to be negotiated
in a licence agreement
Licence to Win	6
Licensing out technologies
from an SME's perspective
Post-deal Management	9
How to make licensing a happy,
Technology Transfer	11
Brokers, tools and platforms
Matching New Technologies
and Markets	12
Current challenges and barriers
Successful Structures for
Tech Transfer at Universities	13
The case of Saarland University
Licensing in Life Sciences	14
Putting a spotlight on some specifics
Project Portrait: Alliance4Life	15
Closing the health research and
innovation divide in the EU
From Innovation
to Monetisation	17
Intellectual property rights in sports
News from the European IP Helpdesk Team	19
Publications, training and other activities
What Else is There Around?	20
Additional resources and helpful material


Waterloo, ON - Prime Minister Paul Martin has been very vocal about his support for the Leaders 20 (L-20) initiative and its importance to the development of an effective and efficient system of international governance. On Thursday, December 9, 2004 the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) is launching the manuscript of the forthcoming publication from the United Nations University Press, "A Leaders 20 Summit: Why, How, Who, and When?." This book is a collection of papers from various conferences around the world, and is the first publication exploring Prime Minister Martin's concept of a Leaders 20 Summit. The conferences, sponsored by CIGI and the Centre for Global Studies, are part of a project designed to establish the relevancy of L-20 Summit meetings. This book is edited by Dr. John English, Executive Director of CIGI; Dr. Ramesh Thakur, Vice Rector of the United Nations University in Tokyo; and Dr. Andy Cooper, Associate Director of CIGI.
The L-20 concept has been gaining interest and momentum amongst various international leaders. The L-20 meetings would serve as a forum for leaders from approximately 20 developed and developing countries to discuss select global challenges and problems including, but not limited to, infectious diseases, global warming and climate change, terrorism and political violence, WMDs, UN Reform, and global poverty, and access to safe drinking water. CIGI is presently running a conference series to examine the future composition of the L-20, the impact on existing international institutions, the best means to engage the major powers, and the future role for civil society in the L-20.
As part of the launch, CIGI has invited Dr. Colin Bradford, Visiting Fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington D.C., to deliver a public lecture. Dr. Bradford will be presenting on: "Global Governance and the G-20 in an Age of Cultural 'Difference'." The lecture will be held at 57 Erb Street West and will begin at 5:30 pm; the lecture is free of charge and is open to all members of the public.


text:
import './styles/main.scss'
import './scripts'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: I'm having problems undestanding some cypher concepts - naming nodes I'm following one tutorial and I'm having a hard time understating the very basic things and I need your help. The code is:
CREATE (u:User {name: "Alice"})-[:Likes]->(m:Software {name: "Memgraph"});

The explanation for this code is: The query above will create 2 nodes in the database, one labeled "User" with name "Alice" and the other labeled "Software" with name "Memgraph". It will also create a relationship that "Alice" likes "Memgraph".
This part I get.
What I don't get is this:
To find created nodes and relationships, execute the following query:
MATCH (u:User)-[r]->(x) RETURN u, r, x;

If I've created a node that has a variable (or how is u called), why is the relation related to as r, and software as x? When a relation was created, it was just defined as :Likes, and software was m.
From where do r and x come from? Is there any connection between CREATE and MATCH or is the order the only an important thing and names are not important at all?

A: When you were creating nodes and a relationship between them, you used variables, but you could have done it like this:
CREATE (:User {name: "Alice"})-[:Likes]->(:Software {name: "Memgraph"});

The above query would also create nodes and a relationship. We use variables when we want to use certain objects in the other parts of one query. For example, if you wanted to also return the created nodes, you would execute the following query:
CREATE (u:User {name: "Alice"})-[:Likes]->(m:Software {name: "Memgraph"})
RETURN u, m;

You can notice that you needed variables u and m, in order to return them. Also, you can't return the relationship object, since you did not assign variable to it.
Now to answer the other part of your question - variables are used in one query and they are not memorized in any way to be used in other query. So if you ran:
CREATE (u:User {name: "Alice"})-[:Likes]->(m:Software {name: "Memgraph"});

and then you want to get u and m in some other query, those won't be Alice and Memgraph nodes anymore. Hence, when you execute:
MATCH (u:User)-[r]->(x) RETURN u, r, x;

you get every node labeled with User, regardless of Alice from the query before (but Alice will be included too, since they are a person), and all other nodes that the User nodes are related to, along with those relationships. You choose your variable names, so it does not matter whether they are u, r and x or m, n and l.


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Music Industry: Am I Missing Out on Digital Royalties?
On behalf of Law Offices of William A. Pigg, PLLC | Oct 17, 2019 | Business Law
Don't think that you have to have a big-time record deal or have had a superstar artist record one of your songs to be entitled to MAILBOX MONEY.
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Digital royalties are fees that service providers such as Pandora, SiriusXM and other webcasters are required by law to pay for streaming musical content. These royalties are paid by the services to Sound Exchange, and accompanied with playlists of all the recordings played by the service provider.
Sound Exchange, a Performance Rights Organization (PRO), collects these payments, allocate the fees to the recordings according to how often each song was played, and then pay the featured artist(s) and rights owners of those recordings.
Under the law, 45% of performance royalties are paid directly to the featured artists on a recording, and 5% are paid to a fund for non-featured artists. The other 50% of the performance royalties are paid to the rights owner of the sound recording.
DON'T MISS OUT – contact a Texas entertainment attorney today and inquire about digital royalties and getting affiliated with Sound Exchange.
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Can you get sued for quitting your job?
Affluenza could be a possible defense in rare cases
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© 2021 Law Offices of William A. Pigg, PLLC. All Rights Reserved.


R&B singer Ty Dolla $ign is keeping fans updated on his music-making. The hip-hop crooner has teased fans about still piecing together new audio fire.
Ty went to Instagram last night (October 20) with an in-studio shot of himself.
This week, TY$ shared a pic of himself donning a 2Pac shirt and hinted at new music soon coming.
A few days ago, Ty updated fans waiting on a new collaborative effort from him and rap star Kanye West.
Recently, Ty shared a hilarious pic of Yeezy asleep presumably in a recording studio.


text:
Q: Intuitively, why are the two limit definitions of $e^x$ equivalent? Thanks for reading!
Intuitively, why does...
$$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^{xn}=\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \left(1+\frac{x}{n}\right)^{n}=e^x$$
Note, I'm not asking why $e^x$ is one of the two limits. I understand the first limit, or at least I think I do.
In terms of continuous growth however (I don't just want a mathematical proof - the more intuitive the answer is the better), I'd like to understand why the two limits are equivalent!
Why is letting some principal amount grow by $\frac{1}{n}$ times its current value $xn$ times equal to letting that principal grow by $\frac{x}{n}$ times its current value $n$ times if we allow $n \rightarrow \infty$?
Thanks!

A: In general
$$\lim_{x\to \infty} \left( 1+\frac{a}{x} \right) ^{bx}=e^{ab}$$
and they are only based on the definition of the number $e$
$$e:=\lim_{n\to \infty} \left( 1+\frac{1}{n} \right)^n $$
Here is a simple proof:
$$\begin{align}
\lim_{x\to \infty} \left( 1+\frac{a}{x} \right) ^{bx}
&= \lim_{x\to \infty} \left[ \left( 1+\frac{a}{x} \right)^{x/a} \right]^{ab} \\
&= \lim_{n\to \infty} \left[ \left( 1+\frac{1}{n} \right)^n \right]^{ab} \quad (\textrm{take } n=x/a) \\
&=  \left[ \lim_{n\to \infty} \left( 1+\frac{1}{n} \right)^n \right]^{ab} \\
&= e^{ab}.
\end{align}$$

A: Apply binomial theorem resp. the binomial series, then
$$
\left(1+\frac1n\right)^{nx}=1+x+\sum_{k=2}^{\infty}\frac{x(x-\frac1n)...(x-\frac{k-1}n)}{k!}
$$
and
$$
\left(1+\frac xn\right)^{n}=1+x+\sum_{k=2}^{\infty}\frac{(1-\frac1n)...(1-\frac{k-1}n)}{k!}x^k
$$
Both expansions converge in their coefficients to the same limit $\frac{x^k}{k!}$, the complicated part is to show that exchanging the limit in the series and in the coefficients is permissible.

A: Consider that for $x>0$, $n$ and $\frac nx$ both tend to infinity so that
$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac1n\right)^n=\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac xn\right)^{n/x}=e.$$
Then by continuity, you can raise to the $x^{th}$ power inside the limit,
$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac1n\right)^{nx}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac xn\right)^n=e^x.$$

For negative $x$, you must modify the reasoning as the argument goes to minus infinity.
$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac xn\right)^{n/x}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1-\dfrac1n\right)^{-n}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1-\dfrac1{n+1}\right)^{-1-n}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac1n\right)^{n+1}\\=\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac1n\right)^n\left(1+\dfrac1n\right)=\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1+\dfrac1n\right)^n=e.$$

For a more intuitive approach, notice that for small $\epsilon$ you can linearize
$$(1+\epsilon)^x\approx 1+\epsilon x$$ so that for large $n$,
$$\left(1+\frac1n\right)^x\approx1+\frac xn$$ and
$$\left(1+\frac1n\right)^{nx}\approx\left(1+\frac xn\right)^n.$$
For larger and larger $n$, the approximation improves.
E.g.
$$1.001^3=1.003003001\approx 1.003$$
and
$$1.001^{3000}=20.05545\approx 1.003^{1000}=19.99553\approx e^3=20.08553$$
Next,
$$1.0001^3=1.000300030001\approx 1.0003$$
and
$$1.0001^{30000}=20.08252\approx 1.0003^{10000}=20.07650\approx e^3=20.08553$$
$$\cdots$$

A: Forget that $n$ is an integer. For $x > 0$ we have
$$\lim_{y\to\infty} \left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)^y = \lim_{y\to\infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{\frac{y}{x}}\right)^{x\cdot \frac{y}{x}}$$
If $y \to \infty$ then $z:= \frac{y}{x} \to \infty$ as well so change of variables gives that this is equal to $$\lim_{z\to\infty} \left(1+\frac1z\right)^{xz}$$
which is the desired expression.

A: I will say my first thought.
If fix $x$,  one can take $\exp (x)$ for "constant" intuitively. And
 it is known that for a real number $x'$ there are infinite sequences convergent to it, I mean there are many many sequences we do not construct (or notice) with the same limit $x'$,
so let $a_n = (1+\frac{x}{n})^n$, $b_n = (1+\frac{1}{n})^{xn}$, sequences $\{ a_n \} ,  \{ b_n \}$  are just two cases( we are familiar with ) among them.
Maybe there is nothing special comparing to the rest.


Click here to view the proposed New Bylaws.
On 24 February 2002, ICANN President Stuart Lynn released his President's Report: The Case for Reform, which clearly and persuasively set forth the need for constructive change in ICANN's structure and processes if ICANN is to fulfill its mission responsibilities. That report initiated a very constructive and wide-ranging discussion throughout the ICANN community. This document, and the proposed New Bylaws that accompany it, are the result of that discussion.
ICANN is a bold experiment in the management of an important feature of a global resource with significant public policy implications. The goal is straightforward and unobjectionable: to combine the greater speed and agility of private-sector management with appropriate public sector – including governmental – input to ensure that the results are consistent with the broad public interest. But however worthy the goal, there is a wide variety of views on whether this is even possible, and if so, on how best to accomplish it. ICANN is still clearly an ambitious work in progress, and thus as yet the outcome of the experiment remains unknown.
In certain respects, ICANN has been very successful; in others, less so. Over the almost four years of its existence, its accomplishments have frequently been overshadowed by its continuing struggle to find the right mix of public and private, of broadly inclusive deliberation and effectiveness, of accountability and agility, that is essential if the experiment is to succeed. This mixed record, and the challenges still remaining, provided the motivation for Dr. Lynn's report earlier this year, and that report was itself the precursor to the intense debates and discussions that have taken place since, which will culminate in Shanghai with the adoption of a comprehensive plan for a reformed ICANN.
Dr. Lynn identified three basic issues that stood between the status quo ICANN and success: (1) too little participation by critical entities; (2) too much process; and (3) too little funding, with the latter two a partial reason for the first. He recommended a number of changes in ICANN to deal with these problems. As the public discussion began, it became clear that all of these issues could not be dealt with simultaneously, and the decision was made to focus on the structural, process, and funding issues that could be addressed directly, with the expectation that if ICANN could stabilize its core, critical participants would find it more attractive to participate and other issues could then be dealt with more effectively.
The focus on ICANN reform over these past seven months has been intense, both within ICANN and outside it, in both the private and public sectors. To coordinate these reform discussions, the ICANN Board created the Evolution and Reform Committee at its meeting in Accra in March. Since then, the ERC has catalyzed a very substantial global discussion, documented in various e-mail lists (both within and outside of ICANN) and in numerous materials prepared by individuals, groups, and entities, again within and outside of ICANN. This discussion, and the ERC's compilation of it, has been catalogued by a number of Working Papers, Status Reports, and Interim Implementation Reports produced by the ERC. These have benefited from and reflected both formal and informal input from the entirety of the sources providing that input, including the full range of ICANN stakeholders and specific Assistance Groups established by the ERC to help it consider various specific subjects. Links to most of these inputs can be found at <http://www.icann.org/committees/evol-reform/links.htm>.
The first phase of the reform effort culminated in the Blueprint for Reform, published on 20 June by the ERC, and adopted and endorsed by the ICANN Board on 28 June at its meeting in Bucharest. The Blueprint represented the synthesis of an enormous number of suggestions on how ICANN could improve its structure and processes, and thus its effectiveness, while preserving its essential character as an open and transparent non-governmental policy-development body. The Blueprint contained an outline; this Report includes the detailed Bylaws that will implement that outline, along with an explanation of why and how the proposed Bylaws deal with the identified problems of ICANN past.
Throughout this process, the goal has been to fix the identified problems, while preserving both what was working and the critical principles and concepts that led to the creation of ICANN in the first place. In this set of "final" recommendations,1 we set forth the changes that the ERC believes, based on all the inputs from throughout the community over the past seven months, will effectively deal with the identified problems, and position ICANN to successfully fulfill its mission.
We do not claim that every suggestion received from the community has been integrated. Many suggestions are in conflict with each other. Others are in conflict with the Blueprint. Still others reflected narrow perspectives. The ERC has, however, carefully considered all suggestions and incorporated many of them (often in combination with one another). This final implementation report has been greatly by influenced by the extensive comments received. We are extremely grateful to all members of the community and to all ICANN's constituent bodies that took the time and trouble to consider this important topic and to submit their thoughts.
Transition. This document focuses on the new ICANN in steady state; it does not address the transition from the current structure to the new structure. Effectively addressing the steady-state future in the time available is a difficult enough challenge: the community and the ICANN Board should not be distracted from focus on this critical objective by issues of how to make the transition. Thus, we believe that the Shanghai meeting should focus only on the steady-state future. Once that is decided, a recommended transition plan will be prepared and presented separately to the community and the Board for approval. To achieve this, the ERC recommends to the Board that the Annual Meeting of ICANN for 2002 be a separate, webcast forum and public meeting held in early December, at which the only subject (other than the obligatory election of officers) will be to consider a transition plan developed by the ERC, and posted for public comment and review approximately thirty days prior to that meeting. Because Director terms expire at the conclusion of ICANN's Annual Meetings, there would be no change in the Board until the conclusion of that early-December meeting. The transition plan will recommend a Transition Article to be added to the New Bylaws at the 2002 Annual Meeting that sets forth the interim measures necessary to move from the status quo to the structure set forth in the New Bylaws.
As noted, included with this Report are proposed New Bylaws, which are intended to replace in their entirety the existing ICANN Bylaws. The New Bylaws, if and when adopted by the ICANN Board, will constitute the definitive description of a reformed ICANN, not this Report. As such, the New Bylaws should be reviewed carefully, since they, and not this Report, contain the controlling and, if the New Bylaws are approved, binding language implementing the Blueprint. This Report summarizes, explains and where appropriate amplifies what is contained in the proposed New Bylaws, but the New Bylaws represent the authoritative recommendations of the ERC. The appropriate sections of the New Bylaws are referenced in this Report for convenience.
There are many changes from the status quo in the proposed ICANN Bylaws, but in this portion of our Report, we focus on what we believe are the critical changes, and on why these changes are directly responsive to the identified problems of ICANN.
One recurring challenge for ICANN has been the unease of many that ICANN's scope was not framed by a clear and bounded mission. This unease has been one of the major reasons for the reluctance of some significant stakeholders to participate fully within ICANN, and has also led to calls for the elaborate processes that have made it extremely difficult for ICANN to be effective. Thus, the one point on which there seems unanimous agreement is that defining a clear and bounded mission is an essential pre-condition to addressing the identified problems of ICANN. An appropriate mission statement, along with an articulation of the core values that should guide ICANN's pursuit of its mission, is a necessary first step allowing definition of structures, processes, and funding requirements that are appropriate for achievement of the mission. The articulation of such a mission statement and core values can be found in Article I of the New Bylaws.
An enormous amount of the global energy related to ICANN over the last four years has been focused on ICANN structure, and in particular, two aspects of that structure: the At Large issues (how to incorporate the informed participation of a broad range of Internet users), and the proper role of governments and other public authorities in ICANN. The proposed New Bylaws deal directly with both of these issues in a manner designed to promote ICANN's effective pursuit of its defined mission.
With respect to At Large issues, the proposed New Bylaws create an At Large Advisory Committee, which will serve as a vehicle for informed participation in ICANN by the global community of interested Internet users. In addition, the proposed New Bylaws provide that just over half of the ICANN Board (8 of 15 seats) will be selected by a broadly based Nominating Committee that includes representatives from the full range of interested stakeholders. More than a quarter of the Nominating Committee members will ultimately be selected by the At Large Advisory Committee, and the criteria that the Nominating Committee is required to follow in making its selections will ensure that the ICANN Board is itself broadly representative of the entire community. The ICANN community spent a good part of the last four years struggling with these issues, and the overhang of this problem had a very adverse effect on the ability of the community to devote its attention to the substantive issues facing ICANN. The resolution of this issue, through the creation of the At Large Advisory Committee, is critical to an effective ICANN moving forward.
It is now clear that a purely private-sector body cannot effectively carry out the ICANN mission. As a result, the proposed New Bylaws provide for a more effective integration of the Governmental Advisory Committee with the other constituent bodies of ICANN, including the ICANN Board. Those directly responsible for public policy must participate appropriately and effectively in ICANN, alongside representatives of the private sector, if ICANN is to be successful. The provisions in the New Bylaws providing that the GAC may provide liaisons to the ICANN Board and other ICANN bodies will allow governments and other public authorities, working through the vehicle of the GAC, to work more closely with the private sector in carrying out ICANN's coordination and policy-development roles.
In addition to these two changes, the proposed New Bylaws realign the policy development bodies of ICANN so that they are more precisely focused on the areas where ICANN has some global coordination responsibility – global names and address policies. Since it is now clear that those areas require different structures and processes to most effectively deal with their respective issues, the proposed New Bylaws abandon the "one size fits all" model of the old Bylaws, and tailor the structure and responsibilities of each Supporting Organization to the particular needs and entities involved.
It has often been pointed out that ICANN's problems may originate not only in its structure but also in the processes by which it functions. One of the critical flaws of the original ICANN design was that it did not anticipate sufficiently the need for structured processes for policy development, especially in the highly contentious and political environment of global names policy, a core aspect of ICANN's mission. The proposed New Bylaws establish (1) specific processes for policy development in the GNSO, incorporating incentives to build consensus around realistic and achievable policies; (2) revised procedures for the independent review and reconsideration of ICANN actions and decisions, which should achieve accountability and transparency without unduly burdening the processes; and (3) clear mechanisms (and the necessary staff support) for thorough-going public exposure of ICANN policy-development efforts so that few occasions will provoke use of the review and reconsideration mechanisms. In addition, the proposed New Bylaws create an Office of Ombudsman, to serve as an advocate for fairness within ICANN, and a resource for those who feel that they have not been treated fairly in some way.
The net result is a full platform of more effective processes directed to the achievement of ICANN's mission, enabling all who want to participate to do so without overwhelming ICANN's ability to actually do the substantive work it was created to do. This platform should also make critical stakeholders more confident in the value and effectiveness of their participation in ICANN.
Ironically, the funding problem has proven to be the easiest to solve. The mechanisms have always been available, through ICANN's contracts with registries and registrars. What was missing in the past was the will to fully utilize those mechanisms, likely driven in large part by a concern that ICANN was not structured to be able to effectively use more funds even if they were made available. Once it became clear that ICANN was on the road to effective reform, the response from the funding stakeholders was very positive, and ICANN today does not face a significant shortfall in funding operations at its current level of obligations, although there is still a shortfall in funding for building adequate reserves. We also expect that ICANN's current contractual relationships – coupled with the positive reaction of the funding stakeholders – will provide sufficient funding to support the new level of commitments implied in this final report. The long-term funding needs of reform should be addressed through the annual budget process for the 2003-2004 fiscal year, and the shorter-term transition needs should be addressed through adjustments to the current-year budget once the transition needs are fully defined.
Of course, the funding problem is not solved; a more automatic funding mechanism should be developed that depends less on day-to-day events for its implementation. The key point at this moment is that the existing contractual mechanisms permit a level of funding that is sufficient to fund an effective ICANN. With the same level of cooperation experienced recently in this area, a reformed ICANN should be able to generate a sufficient, and sufficiently stable, flow of funds to be able to carry out its mission, and to provide for adequate reserves.
This is the one area in which the current reform initiatives have not yet accomplished their full purpose; there is still not the level of committed participation by all entities necessary to allow ICANN to be truly successful. There are a variety of reasons for this, all of which can and will be addressed over time, so the work continues. The ERC has made considerable efforts, and will continue to pursue them, to discuss with these entities (and the communities around them) the reasons why they should participate in a reformed ICANN.
If ICANN is to carry out its mission, it must be inclusive of the country code and generic name registries and registrars, the address registries, the root name server operators, major commercial and non-commercial users, the general Internet user community, the major Internet standardization bodies, and governments and public authorities. Not all of those sectors are yet sufficiently included in the ICANN community. With the stabilization of the ICANN core represented by this reform effort and these proposed New Bylaws, the next point of emphasis must be to complete this process by appropriately, almost certainly in different ways reflecting their unique circumstances, involving each of these communities to the extent not yet accomplished.
As the above description demonstrates, the New Bylaws we propose here are directly focused on the core problems first identified in Dr. Lynn's Report last February, and since then broadly accepted as an accurate diagnosis of ICANN's ills. We believe that the specific changes reflected in the proposed New Bylaws, drawn from seven months of intense community discussion about how to fix these problems, will do just that. No doubt other changes will be necessary in the future; an organization like ICANN, dealing with a medium as rapidly changing as the Internet, must be willing and able to change as required by future events. But humans do not function as effectively in constantly changing environments, and so there must also be periods of repose. To accommodate these somewhat inconsistent facts of life, we include in these New Bylaws (in Section 4 of Article IV) a requirement for periodic review of all elements of ICANN, to ensure that bureaucratic inertia does not set in – but we call for these reviews only every three years for any one aspect of ICANN, so that there can be periods during which participants and observers can become familiar with ICANN's structure and procedures.
What follows is an explanation of the New Bylaws, highlighting the important changes. We reiterate again, however, that the explanations and descriptions in this Report are explanatory only, and not authoritative. The only authoritative document is the New Bylaws, and we urge every interested member of the ICANN community to review them carefully.
There are many differences between the old ICANN Bylaws and the New Bylaws recommended by this Committee. The New Bylaws are intended to be a complete substitute for the old ICANN Bylaws, and thus it would be difficult and probably hopelessly confusing to try to specify every change made. We highlight below what we consider to be the most important aspects of the New Bylaws, including specific changes from the old ICANN Bylaws where appropriate. Nevertheless, we urge all who are interested to read carefully the New Bylaws in their entirety.
We have taken the opportunity presented by the reform initiative to make a number of changes to time periods and other aspects of the old ICANN Bylaws based on the accumulated experience showing that those changes are appropriate. To avoid claims that these changes are an effort to make changes without notice; we hereby give explicit notice that there are a large number of small changes in the New Bylaws from the old ICANN Bylaws, and we invite all to review them carefully. It would not be surprising to find inadvertent errors or inconsistencies in the proposed New Bylaws, despite our best efforts to avoid them, and we urge all in the community who identify such to bring them to our attention. In addition, of course, any substantive concerns should also be raised as early as possible, so that the Committee and the community can evaluate them prior to the Shanghai meeting.
As noted above, the ERC's recommendation is that at the Shanghai meeting in late October the community and Board focus on the structure and processes of the steady-state future of ICANN, and defer until an annual meeting in early December the many details of how to transition from the current ICANN to the reformed ICANN. The New Bylaws presented with this document therefore do not include the various transition provisions, which the ERC anticipates will be included in the form of a Transition Article at the end of the New Bylaws.
The final recommendations for the text of ICANN's Mission and Core Values may be found in Article I of the New Bylaws. The basic structure and substance have remained largely unchanged from the Blueprint. The most significant difference is the substitution of the phrase "reasonably and appropriately related" for the word "necessary" in the part of the Mission Statement relating to policy development. For the reasons set forth in some detail in the First Interim Implementation Report (ERC-1), the ERC concluded that "necessary" was not the appropriate limiting phrase, and suggested the substitution noted, asking for community reaction. There has been very little response to this request, leading the ERC to conclude that this change, while not perfect even in the view of the ERC, is both acceptable and satisfactory, so it remains in the final recommendations and has been incorporated into the New Bylaws.
Incorporating concepts into bylaws requires taking account of a variety of considerations, which are reflected and discussed throughout this Report. Language must be carefully reviewed and adjusted as necessary to fit bylaws requirements, and to reduce ambiguity wherever possible. In addition, language is frequently not self-executing, and provisions must sometimes be added to describe how the bylaws language will or should be applied. One illustration of this is found in the last paragraph of Section 2 of Article I of the New Bylaws.
It should also be noted that the Mission Statement speaks generally of "coordinating" unique identifiers (domain names, IP addresses and AS numbers, and protocol port and parameter numbers). The means of coordination differs for different types of identifiers; this makes "one size fits all" approaches inappropriate. To accommodate the different means of coordination, the New Bylaws continue the use of separate Supporting Organizations for different types of identifiers, and differentiate among them based on their circumstances. In the case of protocol port and parameter numbers, experience has shown that ICANN's role differs significantly from its role with respect to the operation of the domain name system and unicast IP address assignment, and should continue to be covered by a separate agreement (ICANN's Memorandum of Understanding with the Internet Engineering Task Force Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (RFC 2860)). Under this arrangement there is no need to maintain a Supporting Organization for protocol issues. The technical guidance function of the original Protocol Supporting Organization is adequately covered by the proposed Technical Advisory Committee.
As set forth in the Second Interim Implementation Report (ERC-2) and detailed in Section 9 of Article VI, we recommend that there be 6 non-voting liaisons to the Board, rather than the 5 recommended in the Blueprint. The sixth is the result of our recommendation to create an At Large Advisory Committee, following the directive of the ICANN Board in its resolution adopting the Blueprint, which we believe should also provide a non-voting liaison to the Board.
Terms. We continue the recommendation in the Blueprint that the voting members of the Board should serve three-year terms. With respect to the non-voting liaisons, we have modified the Blueprint recommendation of three-year terms, and we now recommend that those liaisons serve one-year terms, subject to reappointment. This will provide those bodies with added flexibility in allocating the responsibilities of their various members.
The New Bylaws no longer provide that a Director selected by a Supporting Organization can be removed by that Supporting Organization. Since the Directors selected by the Nominating Committee should obviously not be subject to removal by that group, and because in any event Directors once seated have a fiduciary obligation to act in the best interests of ICANN and not just the group that selected them, the New Bylaws provide that all Directors, however selected, can be removed only by a three-fourths (3/4) vote of all Directors.
Qualifications. We continue to recommend that Directors should meet specific criteria, found in the New Bylaws in Sections 3 and 4 of Article VI, and that geographical, cultural, and other diversity factors must be incorporated wherever possible, as set forth in both Section 2 and Section 5 of Article VI. These criteria apply by their terms to all Directors, whether selected by the Nominating Committee or by the Supporting Organizations.
We continue to recommend the creation of three Supporting Organizations: the Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO), the Country Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO), and the Address Supporting Organization (ASO). The only change from the Blueprint is in the name of the ccNSO, which results from community comments. The relevant provisions of the New Bylaws are Article VIII (ASO), Article IX (ccNSO), and Article X (GNSO).
The ERC has appointed an Assistance Group to help in the development of detailed recommendations on the structure and operations of the ccNSO. This Group has not yet provided its recommendations, and thus Article IX of the New Bylaws is blank, awaiting those recommendations. In addition, the ERC continues to discuss with the RIRs various aspects of their relationship with ICANN. Pending the conclusion of those discussions, the New Bylaws basically repeat the current bylaws provisions relating to the ASO.
We also recommend that funded ICANN staff assistance be made available to each of the Supporting Organizations (and Advisory Committees) to facilitate effective performance. This is reflected for the GNSO in Section 4 of Article X. It is anticipated that a similar provision will be included for the ccNSO in Article IX after the ccNSO completes its recommendations. The RIRs, which along with ICANN jointly formed the ASO in October 1999 according to a Memorandum of Understanding, have indicated that they may wish to continue providing for the ASO secretariat through in-kind designation of RIR personnel; if a Supporting Organization wishes to obtain staff assistance by means other than ICANN funding, of course it should be allowed to do so.
We also recommend that new constituencies be recognized upon a proper showing that (1) the addition of the constituency would improve the ability of the GNSO to carry out its policy development responsibilities and (2) that the proposed new constituency would adequately represent the interests, on a global basis, of the stakeholders it seeks to represent. The relevant New Bylaw provision is found in Section 5.3 of Article X.
We recommend that the business of the GNSO be managed by a GNSO Council that is composed initially of three representatives of each of the six constituencies listed above, and three voting members selected by the Nominating Committee. All would serve renewable two-year terms. The designation of three representatives from each constituency would be specified as a term of the Transition Article (not included in the attached, but to be adopted at the 2002 annual meeting), which would apply until the 2003 annual meeting. The ERC believes that the large size of the GNSO Council (21 members) required by the having three representatives from each constituency will significantly hamper the effective operation of the GNSO Council. At the end of the first year of operation of the GNSO, we recommend that the Board review this issue, and absent strong evidence that the existing structure is functioning effectively, allow the transition to expire and revert to a GNSO Council composed of two representatives of each recognized constituency. See Section 3 of Article X.
In addition to the voting members described above, we recommend that the GAC be permitted to appoint a non-voting liaison to the GNSO Council if it believes such would be appropriate and desirable. See Section 3.1 of Article X of the New Bylaws.
A significant change from the Blueprint is the exact form of balance sought on the GNSO Council. The Blueprint sought to achieve balance, in the form of equal voting power, between providers and users. This balance was thought desirable to encourage and create incentives for the development of consensus whenever possible. Based on community comments received (and noting that this is a matter of heated debate), the ERC has become convinced that the more appropriate balance is between those constituencies representing entities under contract to ICANN, and those constituencies representing all others, for the reasons set forth in detail in ERC-2. Thus, we recommend that voting on the GNSO Council be equalized so that the gTLD registry and registrar constituencies are allocated the same number of votes in the aggregate as the four other initial constituencies collectively have. We recommend that this be accomplished by allocating two votes to each of the gTLD registry and registrar representatives on the GNSO Council, and one vote to each of the representatives of the other four constituencies. If and when any new constituencies are added or subtracted, these allocations would be adjusted to maintain the balance between those constituencies representing entities under contract and all others. The ERC believes that this balance, augmented by the presence on the GNSO Council of three Nominating Committee selections without any real or perceived obligations to any particular constituency, will improve the opportunity for the development of consensus policy positions by the GNSO Council. The relevant section in the New Bylaws is Section 5.2 of Article X.
The Blueprint recommended that the GNSO General Assembly be a cross-constituency meeting place, chaired by a member of the GNSO Council, and not be a forum for making decisions or recommendations, or taking formal positions. There is no apparent enthusiasm for this recommendation from the GNSO constituencies, without whose active cooperation it could not function in the manner contemplated by the Blueprint. Therefore, the ERC recommends that in the steady-state future there be no GNSO General Assembly. The purpose of communication among the broader community that it has served to date can be absorbed by the At Large Advisory Committee recommended in this Report. Until such time as the ALAC is able to function effectively, we recommend that the GNSO Council manage a moderated mailing list open to all for discussion of names policy issues.
Finally, the Blueprint recommended that the proposed GNSO (including the structure and operation of its Council) should be reviewed by an entity independent of either after one year of experience under the new structure. This recommendation has subsequently been generalized, as set forth in Section 4 of Article IV.
ccNSO. As noted above, Article IX concerning the ccNSO has not yet been drafted. After the ccNSO assistance group [click here for progress report] makes recommendations and they have undergone public comment and discussion, an appropriate article will be included.
ASO. We recommend that the current ASO structure and operations, as set forth in the Memorandum of Understanding between ICANN and various regional Internet address registries, remain unchanged. We believe that it would be appropriate for the Address Council to have a non-voting liaison designated by the Governmental Advisory Committee, but discussions on this topic are still ongoing with the RIRs. The RIRs have raised other concerns with, and proposed other changes regarding, the role of the ASO, which should be the topic of continuing discussions.
As noted earlier, we recommend that there should be the four standing Advisory Committees recommended in the Blueprint (the Government Advisory Committee, the Technical Advisory Committee, the Root Server System Advisory Committee, and the Security and Stability Advisory Committee).
The ERC has prepared a carefully limited charter for the Technical Advisory Committee (which does not presently exist) based on input from the bodies to be included in that committee. It is important to note that the Technical Advisory Committee will have no role whatsoever in connection with the IANA's work for the IAB/IETF/IRTF. The Technical Advisory Committee has been painstakingly designed to accommodate numerous, differing views as to what structure will best contribute to its limited purpose.
In addition, we recommend the creation of an At Large Advisory Committee to provide a vehicle for structured involvement and informed participation of the global individual user community in ICANN and the ICANN policy development process. The relevant provisions of the New Bylaws with respect to Advisory Committees are found in Article XI. The New Bylaws provisions relating to the At Large Advisory Committee may be found in Section 2.5 of Article XI.
We remain persuaded that a broad-based Nominating Committee is the preferred way to select a majority of the ICANN Board. The specific provisions of the New Bylaws dealing with the Nominating Committee can be found in Article VII.
1. The addition of the previous year's Chair as a non-voting member, to improve continuity.
2. The replacement of the one "unaffiliated public interest" and the four "individual domain name holders" delegates with five delegates ultimately to be selected by the At Large Advisory Committee once it becomes fully operational. Section 2.5 of Article VII provides that, in the steady state, these five delegates will be selected by the ALAC; the Transition Article (to be adopted at the early-December annual meeting) will set forth selection procedures in the interim until the At Large Advisory Committee goes into full operation and has shown that it can function effectively.
3. The change from IAB/IETF to simply Internet Engineering Task Force selection of one delegate.
4. The selection of both the small and large business users delegates by the Business User Constituency of the GNSO, because it includes both categories in its membership and is a practical initial solution.
We have indicated that we are uncertain how the "academic and other public entities" delegate should be selected, and are seeking input on that issue. Until this is clarified we do not recommend including such a delegate. We recommend that the "consumer and civil society groups" delegate be selected by the Non-commercial Users Constituency of the GNSO.
Terms. We reaffirm our recommendation in the Blueprint that Nominating Committee members should serve one-year terms, renewable for at most one additional one-year term. The details can be found in Section 3 of Article VII of the New Bylaws.
The ERC reaffirms the discussion of these topics in the Blueprint. The specific application of these principles to the work of ICANN so far articulated may be found in the provisions of the New Bylaws relating to the Policy Development Process in the GNSO, set forth in Section 6 of Article X and Annex A, which largely track the recommendations of the Assistance Group on this subject.
The New Bylaws provide many mechanisms to ensure that ICANN operates transparently, with participation by all with interest in its actions, and that the ICANN structure and operations are accountable to the broad Internet community. The primary ways in which this occurs are in the selection of Directors (through a distributed process reflecting the variety of stakeholders in ICANN), in the operation of ICANN's policy development bodies, and in the various advisory committees that provide input from specific sectors of the ICANN community. But in addition to the basic structure of ICANN, the New Bylaws provide several additional provisions for transparency, accountability, and general fairness in carrying out ICANN's mission.
Transparency. Article III of the New Bylaws retains, and elaborates upon, the general obligation of ICANN to operate transparently to the maximum extent feasible.
Ombudsman. The New Bylaws set forth a requirement for the creation of an Office of Ombudsman in Article V. The structure and operational rules largely track the recommendations of the Assistance Group on this subject. One addition is found in Section 4.5 of Article V, which specifically prohibits the Ombudsman from assisting in any way any legal actions against ICANN or its constituent bodies. The Ombudsman is an independent part of ICANN, and the role of the Ombudsman does not include litigating, or assisting in litigating, against other parts of ICANN.
Public Participation. The Blueprint advocates that there be a Manager of Public Participation (or equivalent title) to actively manage, ensure, and enhance the means of soliciting and presenting public input and comment. We continue to support this concept and recommend it to the Board, as set forth in Section 3 of Article III.
Reconsideration. The Reconsideration Policy can be found in the New Bylaws at Section 2 of Article IV. It largely tracks the recommendations of the Assistance Group on this subject.
Alleged Infringements of Bylaws and Articles of Incorporation. These issues are the subject of the Independent Review Process, found in Section 3 of Article IV. It largely tracks the recommendations of the Assistance Group on this subject.
The Independent Review Process recommended in these New Bylaws is not the "Supreme Court of ICANN" that some in the community have urged. We do not believe that such a body would add value or effectiveness to the structures and procedures that are recommended, and it would clearly add another layer of governance to a system for which a significant goal of reform has been to reduce overreaching process and increase effectiveness. As have been discussed in numerous forums during and before this reform process, such a "Supreme Court," with the power to revisit and potentially reverse or vacate decisions of the ICANN Board, would itself raise many difficult questions, such as: (1) how the members of this body would be appointed; (2) to whom or what this body would be accountable; and (3) pursuant to what review criteria would this body act?
Considering the intense debates surrounding the process for selection of the ICANN Board, it is hard to imagine that the process for determining how a "Supreme Court of ICANN" would be populated, or the definition of the scope of its powers, would be less contentious. We believe that the ICANN Board envisioned in the New Bylaws, including members appointed by the Nominating Committee, is broadly representative of the entire range of ICANN stakeholders, and is thus the most appropriate body to make final decisions on ICANN policies, within the scope of the mission also set forth in those New Bylaws. Thus, the IRP recommended in the New Bylaws is focused on claims that the Board has acted inconsistently with the New Bylaws.
Periodic Review. We recommend, in Section 4 of Article IV, that every ICANN constituent body undergo independent review of its structure and operations every three years. This is intended to recognize the rapidly changing environment in which ICANN operates, and to reduce the risk of bureaucratic inertia resulting in reduced effectiveness and reduced accountability.
The Blueprint recommended that the GAC (a) appoint a non-voting liaison to the Board, (b) appoint one voting delegate to the Nominating Committee, and (c) appoint non-voting liaisons to each of the SO Councils and to the RSSAC, the TAC, and the SAC. (To this list we have added the ALAC.) These liaisons could be either members or non-members of the GAC, with sufficient expertise to participate effectively in each body. Each of these recommendations has been affirmed in the New Bylaws, and can respectively be found in Section 1 of Article VI (Board liaison), Section 2 of Article VII (Nominating Committee), and Section 2.1 (g) of Article XI (Advisory Committee liaisons).
The Blueprint suggested that the way to provide the funding required to support the activities of ICANN would be to provide that 25 cents of the price paid for each domain name registered in those domain name registries that have entered into agreements with ICANN be earmarked as direct funding for ICANN. The ERC, based on an analysis presented by the President, now believes this figure is higher than required to achieve the necessary goals. In the steady state, a maximum passthrough equivalent to 17 cents per domain name should suffice to cover operational requirements, including the additional costs implied by the proposed reform activities (estimated to require the addition of 7 FTEs to the ICANN staff). This number should, in our view, be appropriately restated every year to ensure that the total revenue to ICANN does not increase, except for inflationary reasons, as the number of applicable domain names grows (unless otherwise justified and approved as part of the annual budgetary cycle). By comparison, the current ICANN budget provides for a passthrough of approximately 13 cents per domain name. In addition, the ERC recommends that the passthrough be increased an additional 3 cents per domain name (to a total of 20 cents) until such time as ICANN's audited unrestricted reserves rise to the level of one year's operating costs, following which this additional amount should be discontinued. We note that other funding sources, such as voluntary contributions from ccTLDs not under agreement, may also contribute to the rise in these reserves.
Details on funding of the transition depend on the transition plan itself, and will be included with the transition recommendations to be posted separately. There is reason to believe that any transition costs that would occur in the current 2002-2003 fiscal year could be funded out of the current budget, given the fact that staff hiring is occurring at a slower than budgeted rate, and the time it would take to recruit the new "reform" positions.
The recommendations contained in the attached New Bylaws, and described in this Final Implementation Report and Recommendations are the product of an extraordinary amount of effort by a very large number of people. This Committee has had the privilege to be the scribe, but the ideas and concepts reflected here are largely the work of the community acting as a Committee of the Whole, to use a legislative analogy. As has been noted many times previously, developing global consensus is a very difficult task, whether it is on names policies or the precise words of bylaws. We have done our best to synthesize the diverse positions advanced by the community into what we believe will be a truly workable ICANN, able to put behind it the growing pains of the last four years and move forward effectively to deal with the complex issues that lie within the scope of its narrow but important mission.
With this, we recommend to the ICANN Board of Directors the adoption of the attached New Bylaws as a complete substitute for the existing ICANN Bylaws.
1. While these recommendations in most respects represent the conclusions of the ERC, taking into account the very considerable thought and effort noted above, and should be thus be considered its final recommendations, there are still some areas where work remains to be done. In addition, it can be expected that there may be additional inputs as a result of review of these recommendations that would call for some slight modifications. Thus, the ERC is likely to augment these recommendations on one or more occasions prior to the Shanghai meeting; we anticipate that any modifications that are recommended are likely to be relatively minor, with the exception of the areas noted in this Report where significant substantive work remains to be done.


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Your entry-level porta potty will be made of plastic, have a single stall and will come with toilet paper along with some sort of hand sanitizer . Porta potties can also be purchased with a separate hand washing basin, where soap and paper towels are included. Because portable toilets do not use traditional plumbing, it uses powerful deodorizing substances to disinfect and manage waste . If you are using your portable toilets for a longer period of time they will require regular emptying as well as being refilled to keep them fresh.
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Prior to making your choice you should have an understanding of the various types of selections that come with your portable toilet rental. Your average porta potty should come with the essential requirements like tissue paper, hand sanitizer, a holding compartment and paper seat covers. A high end flushing toilet has additional sanitary amenities besides having the selections of a basic restroom. The most high end of mobile toilets will include a hand soap dispenser, mirror, and also a washing station. VIP self-contained mobile toilets have all the finer options that are listed above along with an interior light.
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text:
Tomboy Pitched as 'Ground-Floor' Opportunity
DENVER-The 83-unit Prospect Place Village project gives multifamily buyers a second chance at the loft movement that swept Downtown more than a decade ago, says the urban pioneer who helped start the trend here.
By John Rebchook | October 09, 2002 at 01:01 AM
DENVER-Urban pioneer Dana Crawford has begun pre-construction sales on her 10-story Tomboy loft project in Prospect Place Village in Denver's Central Platte Valley. The project is just west of Coors Field in the former rail yards at the edge of LoDo.
The 83 units range from 650 sf to 2,000 sf. Prices range from $150,000 to $600,000.
Tomboy is the second of seven buildings at Prospect Place.
Tomboy takes its name from a historic Colorado mine, as do the others–Ajax, Matchless, Independence, Smuggler, Red Cliff and Little Johnny.
The Tomboy was designed by Allen Kolkowitz, Evan Siegal and Maggie Bauer.
The building will have a "futuristic design" and the concrete construction will include floor-to-ceiling windows.
Crawford, who saved historic Larimer Square in Downtown Denver in the late '60s and early '70s and started the loft movement Downtown in the early '80s, says Prospect Place says Prospect Village is a chance to get on the "ground floor for those people who missed the 'loft movement' of the '80s and '90s."
New Home Prices in July Outpace 2019
Kelsi Maree Borland | October 14, 2020
In July, 56% of new home communities raised prices in July, while only 39% of new home communities in July 2019.


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JIM Bentley has named his side to face Northampton Town in this afternoon's early kick-off at Sixfields.
Mark Halstead starts in goal for the Shrimps behind a back four of Zak Mills, Sam Lavelle, Ritchie Sutton and Jordan Cranston.
Rhys Oates, Andrew Tutte, Alex Kenyon and Kevin Ellison make up a four man midfield with Vadaine Oliver and Richie Bennett completing today's 442 setup.
Dawid Szczepaniak, Luke Conlan, Steven Old, Carlos Mendes Gomes, Ben Hedley, Paul McKay and Liam Mandeville are on the substitutes bench.