text:
EFL chief Trevor Birch urges clubs not to 'flout the rules' on limiting Covid
(Image credit: Mike Egerton)
Football will come under extreme Government pressure to stop if clubs "continue to flout the rules" on limiting the spread of coronavirus, EFL chief executive Trevor Birch has warned.
Elite sport has been allowed to continue despite the country being placed in a new national lockdown designed to slow down the rate of Covid-19 infections in the UK.
However, a number of on and off-field incidents, along with an increase in positive test rates among players, means the professional game is under greater scrutiny from the Government and the public than ever before.
Extract from a letter sent by EFL chief executive Trevor Birch to league clubs (PA)
Birch says all EFL clubs and their staff must bear this in mind.
"Throughout the pandemic, football has provided a glimmer of hope for many millions of people affected by restrictions but we all understand the scrutiny the game remains under and we will come under extreme governmental pressure if we continue to flout the rules," he said in a letter to clubs.
There were high-profile instances of Covid protocols being breached by EFL clubs over the FA Cup third round weekend. QPR admitted they should not have allowed former player, Eberechi Eze, to attend their tie against Fulham, while Crawley's exuberant celebrations of their upset win over Leeds also went against rules around social distancing.
"While football is permitted to continue the actions of all participants will be clearly under the microscope, whether this be in technical areas, dugouts, or in relation to general behaviour and interaction between players on the pitch and staff off it," Birch added.
Eberechi Eze, left, was allowed by his old club QPR to attend their FA Cup tie against Fulham on Saturday (Tess Derry/PA)
Birch says individual transgressions must be "properly investigated" by the clubs concerned and warned: "Any failure to do so may result in action taken by the league individually against the relevant person where it is appropriate and/or against the club itself."
He said now was "not the time for complacency" over the Covid-19 protocols.
From this week, players and staff at EFL clubs will be tested twice a week. The testing is being funded by the Professional Footballers' Association.
The results from this week's tests are expected to be announced by the EFL on January 19.
The EFL announced on Tuesday that Brentford's next two matches in the Sky Bet Championship – against Bristol City on Wednesday and Reading on Saturday – had been postponed due to recent positive Covid-19 tests at the west London club.
The Premier League has encountered its own problems with fixtures being postponed due to Covid, while some top-flight players were heavily criticised for attending or hosting gatherings over the Christmas and New Year period.
The PA news agency understands that Derby's players have all proved negative after the club's latest Covid-19 tests on Monday and will return to training in the next few days.
The Rams' entire first-team squad were forced to isolate after the club shut their Moor Farm training ground eight days ago due to a coronavirus outbreak.
Eberechi Eze
Trevor Birch
Liverpool transfer news: Fabinho insists Mohamed Salah is 'very happy' at Anfield
Scott Parker believes point at Tottenham shows Fulham can survive
Watch: Tau impresses on Premier League debut against Man City
Second postponement in a week for Aston Villa as Everton match is moved
It was an unbelievable feeling - Grobler on becoming SSU's record goalscorer


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For those of you that raise quail, is there much smell or noise from them? And like how many do you keep?
I have overwintered about 5 dozen cortunix quail. Half whites and half browns. Fairly hardy birds considering the winter we had. I didn't loose any to the cold. Most had a hutch to get out of the wind but not all. Noise... well when they start their crowing the males will just call back and forth to each other all day and all night. They are not terribly loud like a rooster. If you don't get to many your neighbors may just think you just have some wild birds cutting up in your yard.
Their growth is awsome but I find they are very messy eaters, spilling more than they eat. I have chickens that pick up after them so it doesn't go to waste. The older they get the more friendly they get, will climb right into your hand, they do recognize the hand that feeds them! I got started with ebay eggs and now with the temps where they are you will probably get better viability than dead winter or summer from a ups warehouse. And yes the bunnys are the hardest on the heart to harvest.
Thanks Boris, looks fairly simple, just hole saw two rows of holes spaced intermitenly then cut a little slot. I'll put them back on layer rations after these are made, I cut them to chicken scratch to save a little cost. Do you feed grit to your quail???
I put a dozen white quail eggs in the incubator as they started laying again and the temps are so I can acclimate the chicks outdoors easily now.
I lost about 4 brown quail yesterday, and 5 more last night and 3 more this evening Birds seem healthy then just sit down and die???? I'm going to bring some to the Parish health unit to be tested for West Nile virus/encephalitis. Kinda crazy none of the other birds seem ill. Browns are all sitting down and not active anymore.
I guess I will just compost them and any birds harvested will be cooked well to be sure any pathogens are dead!...I won't be eating any of the brown quails anytime soon!
Well - the one thing good I see out of it, is that the government is will to make some budget cuts.
or just maybe 2 or 3 $25k toilet seats would be enough!
Lost 7 more brown quail and a laying hen, I don't expect to see any of the 7 or 8 brown quail thats left to be alive in the am as well as a rooster that is setting blinking constantly. I sprayed deet all over the birds and the hen house but it's probably too little too late. If this continues another day or two which I fully expect, I will kill and bury all the birds.
West Nile you think? I have not heard of any cases this early. How many birds are we talking about?
Lost about 17 birds so far, not sure what it is anymore, I know they use chickens as sentinal birds to let them know if a virus outbreak is present in an area but I thought is wasn't usually fatal to chickens as it is in blue jays, crows and raptors. It doesnt look like a respitory illness as symptoms in some web sites show as common fatal killers of poultry. May be St. Louis enciphalitous which causes a sleeping tired symptom and the recent rain after the dry spell brought out the mosquitos pretty good in my area may have infected them. Both St Louis and West Nile can be spred to humans and I don't want to chance my family or neighbors to it. I left calls to the state Veteranarian as well as the county agent per the USDA website links to report sick or dead birds.
No dead birds today at all and birds generally look more active. Sick rooster back up banging the hens again. Hope it's over, will wait acouple days to see. I set up a bug zapper in the pen although it's really not that effective on mosquitos.


text:
Gunnae-myeon kan syfta på:

Geografi

Sydkorea

 Gunnae-myeon, Pocheon, socken i Pocheon, Gyeonggi,
 Gunnae-myeon, Paju, socken i Paju, Geyonggi,
 Gunnae-myeon, Jindo-gun, socken i Jindo-gun, Södra Jeolla,

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Article in HeraldNet
The Holiday Dining Out
By Jeramee Scherer in Uncategorized
On January 24th, 2015, Northshore Composite Squadron hosted its fourth annual Holiday Dining Out. The Holiday Dining Out is a treasured United States Air Force (USAF) tradition that brings together the members of the squadron to a formal dinner and dance to celebrate its own achievements and those of its members over the past year. As the Auxiliary of the USAF, Civil Air Patrol (CAP) squadrons are also able to follow in this valued tradition.
During the earlier portion of the evening, Northshore practiced both truly valuable and fun traditions. As with every year, time was taken to remember America's fallen soldiers with the Prisoners of War/Missing in Action (POW/MIA) table. Color Guard members performed a symbolic ceremony that honored these men and women who have sacrificed so much for their country. Toasts were given to our Commander-in-chief, the four military branches, the CAP, and even the friends and family of Northshore.
A slightly more entertaining tradition that Northshore holds every year is the grog bowl. The grog is also a tradition the Air Force practices. The grog is a large bowl filled with various ingredients. Some of these ingredients included: Gatorade, Worcestershire sauce, marshmallows, and pickle juice. If a member is found breaking protocol, as punishment, they may be called to go forward and drink a full glass of the grog bowl. Many senior members and cadets fell victim to the grog bowl during the evening.
Once everyone had eaten a delicious meal, a few notable guests gave presentations. Of these guests were Washington Wing's Commander, Colonel Jim Furlong, and one of Washington Wing's former commanders, Colonel Ted Tax. Colonel Furlong and Colonel Tax also led a promotion ceremony for two cadet of Northshore as well as assisted in presenting awards to other outstanding cadets for their excellent contributions to the squadron.
Congratulations to the following cadets for their awards:
ALPHA Flight Honor Cadet: C/SrA Drew Hitchcock
BRAVO Flight Honor Cadet: C/SrA Billy Keogh
Cadet Officer of the Year: C/1st Lt Ryan Bauman
Cadet of the Year: C/1st Lt Ethan Reiniger
Once all of the formalities of the night came to an end, then opened a time for socializing and dancing. Overall, the Holiday Dining Out is a treasured tradition that Northshore holds dear to its heart. In the course of one evening, people have the chance to experience a beloved military tradition, see the successes of the squadron and its members, enjoy a wonderful meal, and enjoy the company of one another.
Interested in visiting? Come join us this Tuesday (US ARMY Reserve Center 130 228th ST SW Bothell, WA 98021). Guests are always welcome. Visit our website for more information (capnorthshore.org).
Jeramee Scherer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Neomuscina inflexa är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Stein 1918.  Neomuscina inflexa ingår i släktet Neomuscina och familjen husflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Husflugor
inflexa


text:
Q: Bootstrap, jQuery, and the Rails asset pipeline This is my application.js manifest.
//= require jquery
//= require jquery_ujs
//= require jquery.purr
//= require best_in_place
//= require jquery-ui
//= require bootstrap-dropdown
//= require bootstrap-modal
//= require_tree .

With this setup, sortable (JQuery), dropdowns (bootstrap) and modals (bootstrap) work in PRODUCTION on heroku.
In DEVELOPMENT, the dropdowns do NOT work.
When I place the bootstrap requires ABOVE jquery, ALL bootstrap and jquery stop working.

A: I fixed the local drop down not working by using config.serve_static_assets = false in development.rb.
I am leaving the question in place to reference as an acceptable order for the 'requires' within the application.js manifest.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


My journey to see European soccer stadiums made its second stop in the east side of London to see the team inaptly named West Ham. Now going to this game was a tough choice because of all the "major league" teams in London, West Ham is the furthest and, plain and simple, the worst. There were also two other intriguing games that day that I could have chosen from. Arsenal was playing at home and there were even tickets available the night before, a rarity because they usually sell out months in advance. Across town, Fulham, the team I went to see last week, was hosting another London club, Tottenham. This game was uber appealing, however, I had just been to Craven Cottage and felt there would be many more opportunities to return. In the end, the fact that I only paid 17 pounds for a second row ticket put the nail in the coffin. I was off to see West Ham.
Now, getting to and from Upton Park, their stadium, was a bit tricky and very nerve wracking. It was it the furthest I've ever ventured from my dorm, and to make matters worse, the train line that takes me literally to the front gates of the stadium was closed. That meant having to use multiple modes of transportation (including the bus which still is scary to me). Fortunately for me, as was the case at Fulham, I was not the only person from Central London going to the game. When I got off the train I didn't even look at my handwritten directions, but simply followed the hundreds of claret and blue clad people that got off at the same stop. We then trekked to the bus stop around the way and got canned inside the first bus to come by. Good news: it was free because of the fact the train was not running. Bad news: there were probably about 120 people on one bus. I kid you not I felt like a sardine. The area itself was a complete shift of what Fulham was like. There were shops and food vendors everywhere. Also, it seemed a bit more run down and lower class, but more on that later. I ate my regular 2 pound lunch I had bought earlier, got my ticket and stepped inside. Upton Park was a lot bigger than Craven Cottage. I'd hazard to guess that it was about twice as large.
The pictures I took don't do it justice because I was sitting in the largest side with three times as many seats as the side I was facing. Once again I had great seats, a bit off center but in the second row. The seats were a bit on the small side though, so I rubbed elbows with the people next to me quite often, hence the lack of pictures and videos. Which leads me to a quick analysis of the people at the game.
On the whole, West Ham fans seemed to be rather lower class, especially compared to the Fulham fans. I know I am making a complete over-generalization of a fanbase from a rather limited experience, but those are my two cents. In the row behind me was a guy straight from a cheesy 80's UK gang movie. He had a blue, matching track suit on and a pair of vintage adidas shoes. He was also sporting this awful, gaudy, silver bling all over the place. He just reeked of cheesy drug dealer. To my right was this couple, also very, how shall we put it, interesting. He was dressed well enough but had teeth straight from Austin Powers and smelled of cheap vodka. His lady, looked to be about 25 years older than him (and I would peg him in his mid thirties) and had enough make up on for three women. Of course I didn't take pictures, so you will have to believe me on this. Every other word coming out of their mouths was a swear. Bleepin this and bleepin that. You couldn'tmake up this stuff.
Anyways, now that I'm done unjustly criticizing others, the home fans were a bit dull on the whole. It had a lot to do with their team not being very good this year and playing all sorts of terrible in the first half of this game. Below is their "fight song" as made famous (at least to me) by the movie "Green Street Hooligans." Listen for the little boy singing and that will show you that even through the toughest of times, these fans still love their team.
What also made West Ham fans seem dull was the raucous fan section for the opposing team. Nottingham Forest. When you watch the video below, remember that all the noise you hear is coming from the visiting fans. It's incredible stuff.
Things got chippy early on and the police had to stand as a human barricade between their fans and the West Ham fans. It would have been cooler to see if I hadn't been so close to the impending action. All I could think of was where would be the best place to run and hide, haha. But everything was groovy and no melees broke out. The game turned out to be quite a thriller as West Ham scored first, only to concede two goals back to back. This made the home fans irate because as bad as West Ham may be, they were still playing a team that was in the minor leagues. Just before half time, West Ham scored a crazy goal to tie it up going into half time. In the second half West Ham controlled the action, threatening the goal time and time again before scoring on a penalty kick. I left with a minute to go to beat the rush of 30,000 people getting on one bus and did just that. Overall, another great and exciting day of soccer in London.
P.S.- I got another 5 pound scarf as you can tell in the first picture. Can't beat that.


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David Hackett Fischer, one of our most prominent historians, has garnered a reputation for making history come alive--even stories as familiar as Paul Revere's ride, or as complicated as the assimilation of British culture in North America. Now, in The Great Wave, Fischer has done it again, marshaling an astonishing array of historical facts in lucid and compelling prose to outline a history of prices--"the history of change," as Fischer puts it--covering the dazzling sweep of Western history from the medieval glory of Chartres to the modern day. Going far beyond the economic data, Fischer writes a powerful history of the people of the Western world: the economic patterns they lived in, and the politics, culture, and society that they created as a result. As he did in Albion's Seed and Paul Revere's Ride, two of the most talked-about history books in recent years, Fischer combines extensive research and meticulous scholarship with wonderfully evocative writing to create a book for scholars and general readers alike.
Records of prices are more abundant than any other quantifiable data, and span the entire range of history, from tables of medieval grain prices to the overabundance of modern statistics. Fischer studies this wealth of data, creating a narrative that encompasses all of Western culture. He describes four waves of price revolutions, each beginning in a period of equilibrium: the High Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and finally the Victorian Age. Each revolution is marked by continuing inflation, a widening gap between rich and poor, increasing instability, and finally a crisis at the crest of the wave that is characterized by demographic contraction, social and political upheaval, and economic collapse. The most violent of these climaxes was the catastrophic fourteenth century, in which war, famine, and the Black Death devastated the continent--the only time in Europe's history that the population actually declined.
Fischer also brilliantly illuminates how these long economic waves are closely intertwined with social and political events, affecting the very mindset of the people caught in them. The long periods of equilibrium are marked by cultural and intellectual movements--such as the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and the Victorian Age-- based on a belief in order and harmony and in the triumph of progress and reason. By contrast, the years of price revolution created a melancholy culture of despair.
Fischer suggests that we are living now in the last stages of a price revolution that has been building since the turn of the century. The destabilizing price surges and declines and the diminished expectations the United States has suffered in recent years--and the famines and wars of other areas of the globe--are typical of the crest of a price revolution. He does not attempt to predict what will happen, noting that "uncertainty about the future is an inexorable fact of our condition." Rather, he ends with a brilliant analysis of where we might go from here and what our choices are now. This book is essential reading for anyone concerned about the state of the world today.
David Hackett Fischer is Warren Professor of History at Brandeis University. He has won numerous awards for scholarship and teaching. His many books include the highly acclaimed Paul Revere's Ride.


text:
Dette posthume (titre original : Debt of Bones) est un roman court écrit par Terry Goodkind et paru en 1998. Il a été publié en français dans l'anthologie de fantasy Légendes, de Robert Silverberg, en 1999, aux éditions 84. Une nouvelle traduction est disponible depuis  chez Bragelonne, dans une édition limitée reliée, sous le titre Dette d'os.

Il peut être lue n'importe quand après La Première Leçon du sorcier.

Résumé
Avant la création des frontières, une guerre faisait rage entre D'Hara et les Contrées du Milieu.

Zedd, le Premier Sorcier, est chargé de contrer la magie de Panis Rahl. Il y parvient assez bien, jusqu'à ce qu'une suppliante ne se présente à la Forteresse du Sorcier. La requête d'Abigail est très simple : s'acquitter d'une "dette d'os" en sauvant les habitants de son village, Cosney-le-Gué, du joug des d'harans, et sauver sa fille. Ce n'est pas une dette aisément remboursable : si Zedd échoue, il pourrait perdre la guerre contre D'Hara.

Personnages principaux
 Abigail
 Zeddicus Zul'Zorander
 Mariska
 Delora
 Jana
 Anargo

Références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Cycle L'Épée de vérité

Liens externes

Livre de L'Épée de vérité
Nouvelle de fantasy américaine
Nouvelle américaine parue en 1998
Roman court de fantasy
Préquelle
1998 en fantasy


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Watch Band: 21mm custom folded stainless steel single link bracelet with butterfly clasp closure.


There is so much going on for us today that it's going to be impossible to get it all covered in one website post (but we are making sure we do get a post up)! Today of course is national Record Store Day – and this is our fifth or sixth year participating as a store. For this day hundreds of exclusive limited pressings are released to the world. We ordered most of them. Find that whole list on the Record Store Day website here. Our store opens up at 8:00 am and is open 9:00 pm or later. Don't forget we are located at 418 E Monroe Street downtown now. Foamed Up from the mall will be giving out free coffee. 100.5 WYMG will be broadcasting live. Find a facebook event here.
Then also there is a show happening tonight next door to at "Bread Stretchers" kicking off at 7:00 pm. For this one we are excited for touring band Parkway & Columbia to be coming through. They will be joined by local groups Stick People, Kate The Band, and Heck. Find a facebook event for that one here. Admission for that is $5. WQNA will be broadcasting live from our store around that time and will also be broadcasting the show live on air!


Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss. She was great, in a role of a girl who is, by her own admission, not good with words.
Woody Harrelson as Hamitch was also wonderful, in his Woody Harrelson way, although his casting completely changes the tenor of the character. He's not the sloppy drunk of the books, falling off of stages and throwing up on the young Tributes.
The way the mocking jay pin was introduced – Of course, I have a lot invested in the pin, as I developed my own little conspiracy theory about how and why Katniss received it. In the movie, she purchases it at the Hob as a gift for her sister prior to the Reaping, and Prim gives it back to her after Katniss volunteers to take her place.
The relationship with Gale, or lack thereof – you don't get a lot of back story on this. You do understand that they are hunting partners and that they have some kind of friendship, strong enough that Gale will watch out for Katniss' family in her absence, but the extent of the relationship is murky.
The elimination of Peeta's big moments – Peeta's demonstration prior to the games is completely removed, so he goes into the arena effectively castrated in the eyes of the viewers.
Generally, the 'love story' between Katniss and Peeta is confusing here. Because you aren't inside her head, you can't tell how much Katniss is truly feel and how much she is just playing the game. And Peeta's declaration of love to Ceasar Flickerman before the television cameras comes out of no where – he's a very opaque character in the movie (as he is in he books, actually) – what's his motivation? Does he really have a crush on Katniss, or is he playing a game? How much does she return his feelings?
This entry was posted in book club, Hunger Games, just liz, Movies by Southern Girl. Bookmark the permalink.


A new species of extinct Australian Pig-footed Bandicoots has been discovered. The species is very unique as it walked on two toes on its front legs and on one toe on its hind legs. For their tiny size, they were incredibly fast and they are also thought to be one of the smallest ever grazing mammals. Pig-footed Bandicoots have long ears, a long tail, and very small, weighing just 1.3 pounds and measuring around 10 inches long.
Researchers from the Natural History Museum in London and the Western Australian Museum discovered the new species while conducting studies on 29 specimens of the Pig-footed Bandicoot that were found in different museums around the world. While the scientists previously believed that all of the specimens were of the same species called Chaeropus ecaudatus, they were instead two separate species – the other one named Chaeropus yirratji. They studied the DNA from the specimens (taken by Sir Thomas Mitchell in 1946) by using traditional morphology, morphometrics, paleontology, and molecular phylogenetics.
In order to trace the origins of the two species, researchers used fossil records as well as reported accounts from the Aboriginals. It is believed that the Chaeropus yirratji lived in the sandy parts of central Australia, while the Chaeropus ecaudatus lived in the south peripheral locations of the arid zone in Australia. Other differences include the Chaeropus yirratji having a longer tail and bigger hind feet than the Chaeropus ecaudatus. They may have also had different grazing habits.
It was over 20 million years ago that the Chaeropus ecaudatus – which was an arid-adapted bandicoot – along with bilbies and other bandicoots, began to evolve. Then in the year 1838, the species was named after a specimen without a tail was discovered in the Murray River located in New South Wales.
The discovery of the Chaeropus yirratji is definitely exciting since very little information was known about the mammal. "Pig-footed Bandicoots were extinct by the 1950s; therefore there was very little chance for scientists to study the species. More so, there are only 29 specimens of Pig-footed Bandicoots in existence," stated Dr. Kenny Travouillon who is the curator of mammalogy at the WA Museum.
A study on the new species was published earlier this month on Zootaxa and can be read here.


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text:
Oakland, CA – Coliseum/Airport (OAC)
Opened in 2005, the station is adjacent to Oakland's major sports and entertainment complex, and also offers an easy connection to Oakland International Airport.
Coliseum / Airport Station
700 73rd Avenue
Oakland, CA 94621-3316
Station Hours
Annual Ticket Revenue (FY 2022): $491,767
Annual Station Ridership (FY 2022): 23,557
Routes Served
Local Community Links
Facility Ownership: City of Oakland
Parking Lot Ownership: City of Oakland
Platform Ownership: City of Oakland, Union Pacific Railroad
Track Ownership: Union Pacific Railroad
Capitol Corridor
Alex Khalfin
governmentaffairsoak@amtrak.com
For information about Amtrak fares and schedules, please visit Amtrak.com or call 1-800-USA-RAIL (1-800-872-7245).
Capitol Corridor trains
Bay Area Rapid Transit
BART to OAK
AC Transit
BikeLink eLocker
The Oakland-Coliseum station consists of a concrete platform accented with three shelters to protect travelers from inclement weather. It is adjacent to Oakland's major sports and entertainment complex, which includes the coliseum and the Oracle Arena. These structures are located in the Coliseum Redevelopment Area southeast of downtown and the principal harbor area. Established in 1995, the 11 square mile tract of land—primarily consisting of industrial and commercial uses—has been targeted for strategic reinvestment.
One of the initial goals of the redevelopment plan was to establish a new station on the Capitol Corridor in East Oakland to better serve residential neighborhoods, patrons of the stadium and arena, and travelers wishing to access nearby Oakland International Airport. In the late 1980s, the state of California decided to make significant investments in intercity passenger rail. With a service area that spans eight northern counties, the Capitol Corridor was inaugurated in 1991 and envisioned as an alternative to congested Interstate 80/880.The location of the new Amtrak station was also determined by its proximity to an existing stop on the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system that serves the greater Bay Area.
Announced in fall 2002, the station was completed three years later and welcomed the first passengers on June 6, 2005. The approximately $6 million facility was funded through contributions from the Oakland Redevelopment Agency, Caltrans, the Capitol Corridor Joint Powers Authority, and the Alameda County Congestion Management Agency.
While the Amtrak and BART stations do not share a common building or platform, they are within walking distance of one another and are linked by a pedestrian bridge that also provides access to the coliseum and arena. From the BART station, passengers can hop aboard the BART to OAK, a train-to-plane service that operates to Oakland International Airport. Automated people movers operate when BART is open, avoiding all traffic. The ride takes eight minutes and service is frequent throughout the day.
When Spanish explorers first passed through the Bay Area in the 1770s, they encountered small villages inhabited by Ohlone American Indians who moved between the uplands and the shore where they hunted amid the wetlands and gathered grasses to construct shelters. In the latter half of the 18th century, the Spanish Empire based in Mexico began to make greater efforts to secure the California coast. Franciscan missionaries worked toward the conversion of the region's American Indians to Christianity, a stated goal of Spanish colonization.
In addition to providing land to support the missions and forts, the royal Spanish government also presented tracts to those viewed as loyal servants of the empire. In 1820, just a year before Spain would lose most of its North American possessions to a newly-formed Mexico, the royal governor granted approximately 45,000 acres on the east side of San Francisco Bay to Luis María Peralta. Although he had served in the Spanish Armed Forces for more than 40 years and was also the Royal Commissioner of nearby San Jose, Peralta's grant was considered unusually large. Comparing it to the present-day map of the area, the parcel stretched along the shore of San Francisco Bay from Albany in the north to San Leandro in the south, and therefore encompassed most of Oakland.
Peralta never lived on the land, which he called Rancho San Antonio; instead, it was settled and managed by his four sons, each of whom built a home on the property. Under Mexican rule, trade restrictions were lifted and the Peralta family prospered. More than 8,000 cattle and 2,000 horses grazed on the land and products such as hides and tallow were sought after by American merchants from the east. To facilitate the shipping of ranch goods, the Peraltas built a wharf in the vicinity of present day 14th Avenue where it meets the Brooklyn Basin. During the 1840s, the family also approved of the clear cutting of stands of ancient redwoods in the Oakland Hills for lumber, a process that intensified with the onset of the Gold Rush in 1848. The family's principal hacienda, consisting of a large adobe structure and other outbuildings, became a well-known stopping point for travelers. In 1842, Luis Maria formally divided the estate among his children; the Oakland Coliseum Amtrak station sits on the 9,400 acre parcel given to his son Ignacio.
Change was the byword of mid-19th century California, for within a generation, the land passed from Spain to Mexico and finally to the United States following the Mexican-American War and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The United States promised to honor the Spanish and Mexican land grants, but in order to prove title to the land, owners such as the Peraltas often had to undergo lengthy and expensive court cases.
Word that gold had been discovered at Sutter's Mill in the Sierra Nevada Mountains spread like wildfire, setting off what is considered the greatest voluntary mass migration of people in human history. Hundreds of thousands of Americans and foreigners set their sights on the perceived riches of California and quickly swelled the territory's population. While only a lucky few actually found gold, many discouraged miners determined that the fertile lands of the region were themselves a prize. Unfortunately for the Peraltas, people squatted on their land, unaware that it was privately owned. One of those illegal settlers was Horace Carpentier, who in 1850 laid out a town and began selling lots along San Antonio Creek (now the Inner Harbor). Convincing the state to incorporate the small town, Carpentier gained exclusive rights to waterfront development which included the construction of wharves and piers. As the creek was dredged so that it could serve as a harbor, the silt and other material was dumped onto the bordering marshes to create solid land and therefore a new shoreline.
In 1868, Carpentier sold his stake in the waterfront to the young Central Pacific Railroad (CP), which planned on making the city the western terminus of the nation's first transcontinental railroad. It proceeded to construct the Long Wharf at Oakland Point. At West Oakland, the railroad established one of its largest rail yards and servicing facilities; it continued operations under the successor Southern Pacific Railroad.
The city quickly grew into a major West Coast port, and its population jumped to approximately 35,000 by 1880. In the meantime, the Peraltas finally triumphed in court and gained full title to their land, but the legal fees, fights with squatters, and internal family struggles resulted in the dissolution of the rancho by the close of the century. Visitors to Oakland may stop by Peralta Hacienda Historical Park to learn more about the family and the early development of the East Bay area. After the great Hayward Earthquake of 1868 destroyed the family adobe, Antonio Maria Peralta erected a new wood frame home nearby, and today it forms the core of the park. The footprints of the adobes constructed in 1820 and 1840, as well as the wall that surrounded the property, are still visible. With its playground, gardens, and historical exhibits, this city-owned park keeps alive the welcoming hospitality for which the Peraltas were long noted.
In Oakland's early years, shipping and commercial activity was concentrated in San Antonio Creek between Oakland and Alameda. To the south, around San Leandro Bay, development was less intensive and the brackish body of water was known for large expanses of nutrient-rich wetlands that supported migratory populations of birds, as well as fish and other animals. With a sense of awe, early visitors described the great populations of ducks, geese, quail, and other fowl living in the area, and the marshes around San Leandro Bay became a prime hunting ground. The waters of the bay were also fertile ground for commercial oyster farming; writer Jack London would chronicle the exploits of "oyster pirates" who raided the beds of bivalves. For a brief period during the Gold Rush years, the bay also served as a commercial harbor after wharves and small warehouses were constructed along Damon Slough. On the west side of the bay, residential neighborhoods sprouted on the edge of the Alameda, which at the time was still a peninsula that divided San Leandro Bay from San Antonio Creek.
As Oakland's population grew and the footprint of the city expanded, a plan was put forth by the federal government in the 1870s to enhance the port to better accommodate large ships with deep drafts. Most of the improvements were concentrated on San Antonio Creek, but the overall plan also included changes to San Leandro Bay. Engineers believed that by digging a canal between the two bodies, the water from the bay could be used to flush silt out of the harbor, thereby keeping it clear for shipping. The scheme was not completed until 1902, never worked as planned, and led to the erosion of the beachfront along the Alameda peninsula which in effect became an island. In the process, wetlands were destroyed and filled to create new parcels for industrial use.
Other projects also contributed to the destruction of the San Leandro marshes, including a trestle constructed across the bay by the narrow gage South Pacific Coast Railroad. Laid down in the 1870s to link Alameda and Santa Cruz, the railroad passed through Santa Clara and adjacent farmlands and provided access to stands of timber in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The line was later subsumed into the Southern Pacific Railroad—which also controlled the CP—and the tracks through the marsh were rerouted to the east of San Leandro Bay.
Industries such as metals, canning, automobiles, and shipbuilding drove Oakland's economy during the first half of the 20th century. In 1927, the Port of Oakland was created to manage waterfront operations and oversee improvements to the port that would encourage economic growth. That same year, the Port Commission was given jurisdiction over Oakland's new airport, whose runway was completed in September. A year earlier, the city had spent more than a half million dollars to purchase 600 acres on Bay Farm Island bordering San Leandro Bay on the south. Flat and far from heavily populated residential areas, yet still close to the city, the site was ideal for an airport. Under the Commission's control, an additional 225 acres were added to the complex and a channel was dredged through the bay to provide water access to the site.
Dedicated by Charles Lindbergh, who earlier that year had set a record as the first individual to cross the North Atlantic Ocean by plane, the Oakland Municipal Airport was considered one of the most modern when it opened for service. In December 1927, Boeing Air Transport began transcontinental passenger and airmail service to New York City. Within a couple of years, hangars, a passenger terminal, and a restaurant were added to the site, and in 1930 it boasted the world's first airport hotel. Those initial years were filled with daring exploits of which history is written. It was an age when aviation was fresh and exciting, and new technologies were developing rapidly.
Aviators such as Amelia Earhart, Eddie Rickenbacker, and Howard Hughes seemingly broke flight and time records every few months. In 1928, Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith departed Oakland for his home country of Australia via Hawaii and Fiji. Aboard their Fokker Southern Cross, he and his crew successfully completed the first flight between North America and Australia in only seven days. Earhart made many appearances at the airport and first generated headlines in 1931 when she landed in Oakland after the first transcontinental autogiro flight. Four years later, she was the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California, again landing in Oakland. Her famed round-the-world trip with navigator Fred Noonan began at the airport in May 1937, only to end in mystery and presumed tragedy.
During World War II, all passenger services shifted to San Francisco while Oakland airport was requisitioned for the war effort. All U.S. fighters, bombers, and transport planes headed for the Pacific Theater went through Oakland, and a new runway opened in 1945. In the 1960s, the airport entered the modern age of jet plane travel, which also brought an expansion into the wetlands around Bay Farm Island. At the start of the 21st century, Oakland International Airport serves more than 14 million passengers a year and employs approximately 8,000 people. About one-third of that workforce deals with the more than 700,000 tons of cargo that annually move through the facility.
In the 1960s, city leaders decided to construct a $25 million stadium-arena facility on the east side of San Leandro Bay that would be accessible via the newly completed Nimitz Freeway. Built on 120 acres of marshland, the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Complex included two buildings. Each has a unique design in that the playing fields are sunken below ground level, therefore allowing spectators to enter at mid-level. Envisioned as an all-in-one facility, the 55,000 seat Oakland Coliseum was designed to host football and baseball games, although the city only possessed a major league football team—the Raiders.
Part of the impetus for the stadium's construction came from the desire to lure other teams to Oakland, a plan which paid off a couple of years later when the Kansas City Athletics took up residence in the stadium and the Warriors basketball team moved into the arena. The first game held in the coliseum was played in September 1966 when the Raiders took on the Kansas City Chiefs, and Governor Ronald Reagan threw out the first pitch to open the baseball season on April 17, 1968. Original plans show that the complex was meant to accommodate auto racing around its perimeter, but this scheme was never carried out. Although known by various names over the years, for true Oakland fans the buildings will always be regarded as the "coliseum" and the "arena."
The rise of the environmental movement in the 1970s began to change attitudes towards natural resources, and in the San Francisco Bay Area, this meant that great attention was give to the fate of the marshes that had once lined the shores. Long considered disposable and therefore destroyed by dredging and filling, marshes became better understood for the roles that they play as natural water filters and as important habitats for migratory birds and other animals. Near the Oakland Coliseum Amtrak station, San Leandro Bay lost nearly 90 percent of its wetlands, which shrank from more than 2,000 acres in 1915 to a mere 70 by 1972. Since then, efforts have been undertaken to bring the marshes back to life and put them in the public eye.
Along the Oakland side of the bay, visitors to the 741 acre Martin Luther King, Jr. Regional Shoreline may picnic, hike, fish, and bike near the restored wetlands. One of the most popular areas of the park is the Arrowhead Marsh, which is a destination for avid and amateur birdwatchers alike. Always alive with the sweet songs of its avian inhabitants, the wetlands host a full symphony during the spring and fall when flocks stop in the bay as part of their journeys along the Pacific Flyway. With patience, bird enthusiasts might spy marbled godwits, horned and eared grebe, buffleheads, golden-crowned sparrows, and snowy egrets among many others. The most prized sighting is the California clapper rail, an endangered species found mainly in the marshlands around San Francisco Bay. Its most prominent features are a long, downward curving bill and a breast of cinnamon colored feathers. During the nesting season in late spring, clapper rails can be seen in Arrow Marsh collecting Pacific cordgrass and pickleweed to construct canopies over their nests.
The Capitol Corridor route is primarily financed and operated in partnership with the State of California. It is managed by the Capitol Corridor Joint Powers Authority (CCJPA), which partners with Amtrak, the Union Pacific Railroad, Caltrans and the communities comprising the CCJPA to continue development of a cost-effective, viable and safe intercity passenger rail service.
Platform with Shelter
ATM not available
Payphones
No Quik-Trak kiosks
No Restrooms
Unaccompanied child travel not allowed
No vending machines
No WiFi
Arrive at least 30 minutes prior to departure
Indicates an accessible service.
Amtrak Express shipping not available
No checked baggage service
No checked baggage storage
Bike boxes not available
No baggage carts
Ski bags not available
No bag storage
Shipping boxes not available
No baggage assistance
Same-day parking is available; fees may apply
Overnight parking is available; fees may apply
Accessible platform
No accessible restrooms
No accessible ticket office
No accessible waiting room
No accessible water fountain
Same-day, accessible parking is available; fees may apply
Overnight, accessible parking is available; fees may apply
No high platform
No wheelchair
Wheelchair lift available
Station Waiting Room Hours Ticket Office Hours Passenger Assistance Checked Baggage Service Parking Hours Quik-Trak Kiosk Hours Lounge Hours"; Amtrak Express Hours
Station Waiting Room Hours
No station waiting room hours at this location.
Ticket Office Hours
No ticket office at this location.
Passenger Assistance Hours
No passenger assistance service at this location.
Checked Baggage Service
No checked baggage at this location.
No parking at this location.
Quik-Track Kiosk Hours
No Quik-Trak kiosks at this location.
Lounge Hours
No lounge at this location.
Amtrak Express Hours
No Amtrak Express at this location.