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Henry Philip Tappan (April 18, 1805 – November 15, 1881) was an American philosopher, educator and academic administrator. He is officially considered the first president of the University of Michigan.

A pioneer in the transformation of American university curricula, he was instrumental in fashioning the University of Michigan as a prototype for American research universities, and has been called the "John the Baptist of the age of the American university." His academic career was ultimately cut short by personality clashes with the university's Board of Regents, and he finished his life in self-imposed exile in Europe. He has been described as disruptive to progress the education for agriculture, despite state efforts to ail the issue. He is considered by many historical scholars to be someone of elitist interests, rather than the betterment of the statue economy.

Biography

Early life
Henry Philip Tappan was born on April 18, 1805, in the village of Rhinebeck, New York. His father was of Prussian descent and his mother of Dutch descent. He attended Union College and studied under its president, Eliphalet Nott, graduating with Phi Beta Kappa honors in 1825. He graduated from Auburn Theological Seminary two years later and planned a career in ministry.

He became associate pastor at the Dutch Reformed church in Schenectady, New York for one year, and was then pastor at the Congregational church in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.

He married Julia Livingston on April 7, 1828.

A throat affliction prompted him to leave for a trip to the West Indies, and upon his return he joined the faculty of the University of the City of New York (now New York University ) as a professor of philosophy.

Philosophical writings
Tappan embarked on writing a series of philosophical treatises that began to influence thinking in Europe. He received a Doctor of Divinity degree from Union College in 1845. He toured Europe between 1849 and 1851 and became increasingly convinced of the superiority of the "German model" (or Prussian model, as it was known at the time) of public education, in which a complete system of primary schools, secondary schools, and a university are all administered by the state and supported with tax dollars.

The German model had first gained widespread attention through the 1835 publication of Sarah Austin's English translation of Victor Cousin's Report on the State of Public Instruction in Prussia, originally prepared for the French Minister of Public Instruction and Ecclesiastical Affairs in 1831. This model stood in direct contrast to the prevailing state of higher education in the U.S., where virtually all institutions of higher learning were privately run with no official connection to any public school system, which were themselves rare.

Principally due to the Cousin report's influence on two men, John Davis Pierce and Isaac Edwin Crary, the basic tenets of the German education model had made their way into the Michigan Constitution of 1836, which officially chartered the University of Michigan and was the first state constitution in the U.S. to truly embrace the German model. The specific implementation outlined therein, however, proved unwieldy in practice, and for some time the Board of Regents made little progress in implementing the vision for the university, even postponing indefinitely the appointment of a chancellor in favor of a rotating roster of professors who performed the day-to-day administrative duties.

President of the University of Michigan

In 1850, the state of Michigan adopted a new state constitution that created the office of President of the University of Michigan and directed the newly elected Board of Regents to select someone for the office. They sent a representative to the East to solicit recommendations, and former Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft recommended Henry Tappan. Despite this recommendation, the regents first elected Henry Barnard of Connecticut, who declined the offer. Although John Hiram Lathrop (then Chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison) was also considered for the job following Barnard's refusal, Tappan was unanimously elected on August 12, 1852. His starting salary was $1,500 per year.

Tappan was proud of the fact that while he was president of the University of Michigan, faculty were hired based not on their religious connections, but on their capacities within their field of study.

Tappan was also a strong proponent of the German model of university curriculum, which emphasized research, laboratory study, elective courses, and the increased importance of science and engineering, rather than the "British model" of recitation in a core classical arts curriculum that typified most major American universities of the time. His proposed elective course included "besides other branches, Civil Engineering, Astronomy with the use of an Observatory, and the application of Chemistry and other sciences to agriculture and the industrial arts generally." Shortly after his arrival, Michigan became the second university in the country (after Harvard) to issue Bachelor of Science degrees. Tappan also had plans for a graduate program, once the undergraduate curriculum was more fully developed.

Tappan received a Doctor of Laws degree from Columbia College in 1854.

Removal as president
Despite the success of the flourishing university, Tappan's aristocratic bearing and perceived tendency to magnify his own importance did not sit well with the new regents who had been elected in 1858, many of whom came from rural areas and were without advanced education—only two of the ten members were college graduates themselves. One regent, Donald McIntyre, a strict prohibitionist, disapproved of Tappan's serving wine at dinner. Another, Ebenezer Lakin Brown, had a particular dislike for Tappan's lofty airs, and at the board's June 25, 1863, meeting, he introduced a resolution removing Tappan as president. It passed unanimously, after which the regents also fired Tappan's son John as university librarian and appointed Erastus Otis Haven as the new president.

Upon his removal, Tappan remarked, "This matter belongs to history; the pen of history is held by Almighty Justice, and I fear not the record it will make of my conduct, whether public or private, in relation to the affairs of the University." He immediately left Michigan and moved his family to Europe, residing in Berlin, Paris, Bonn, Frankfurt, Basel, and Geneva.

Tappan's firing was unpopular with students and the broader community, as it came with no warning, at a time when the university was more successful than ever, for no wrongdoing other than personal friction with the regents, and from a board whose terms in office were all expiring (save one) in just a few months and who were due to be replaced with new regents (already elected) who had expressed a desire to form a better working relationship with Tappan. Henry Barnard, by then the editor of The American Journal of Education, called the dismissal an "act of savage, unmitigated barbarism" in light of Tappan's work being "without a precedent in the educational history of the country." At the suggestion of his supporters, Tappan himself wrote a lengthy response to his dismissal, generally praising the first Board of Regents and excoriating the second as incompetent, and also singling out certain faculty members for criticism.

When the new Board of Regents took office in 1864, the flood of support for Tappan led them to consider re-hiring him, but in the end they felt it would be disruptive to the university, in light of Tappan's subsequent response.

Later years

In 1874 and 1875 the Board of Regents passed resolutions commending Tappan's service to the university and inviting him to return to Ann Arbor to be honored; the latter expressly withdrew "any censure express or implied in the resolutions which severed his connection" to the university. Tappan, who had moved to Europe after his firing, expressed a desire to return, but twice deferred accepting the invitation, citing first his age and then the health of his daughter.

He never returned to Michigan and died in his villa in Vevey, Switzerland on November 15, 1881, where he is buried overlooking Lake Geneva.

Commemoration
 The Tappan Professorship of Law was created in 1879, with former Michigan governor Alpheus Felch the first to hold it.
 Tappan Hall, the oldest extant classroom building on the University of Michigan campus, was finished in 1894. It houses the History of Art Department and the Fine Art Library.  It also houses a bas relief of Tappan by Karl Bitter.
 Tappan Elementary School was built on East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, in 1885. It was sold to the University of Michigan in the 1920s and renamed East Hall.
 Tappan Junior High School was first opened in 1925 in the Burns Park area of Ann Arbor. The building was renamed Burns Park Elementary School after a new and larger junior high school facility opened nearby in 1951.
 Tappan Junior High School (now Tappan Middle School, East Stadium Blvd, Ann Arbor, Michigan) opened its doors to new students in 1951.

Works

  (Inaugural speech)

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 "A Creation of My Own" - University of Michigan Heritage Project

|-

1805 births
1881 deaths
19th-century American educators
19th-century American philosophers
 American expatriate academics
American expatriates in France
American expatriates in Germany
American expatriates in Switzerland
American people of Dutch descent
American people of Prussian descent
Auburn Theological Seminary alumni
Burials in the canton of Vaud
Columbia College (New York)  alumni
New York University faculty
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
People from Rhinebeck, New York
People from Vevey
Philosophers from Michigan
Philosophers from New York (state)
Union College (New York) alumni


A recent Slate magazine article highlights how restrictive zoning policies limit the construction of a greater number of affordable housing units.
Given our current affordable housing crisis, the spotlight is now shining on these restrictive zoning policies. Municipalities are looking at these policies and their impact on the housing market.
In particular, at the end of last year, Minneapolis was the first major metropolitan center in the country to allow three-family homes ("triplexes") in single-family zoned neighborhoods. Plus, Minneapolis further changed zoning regulations to reduce the required parking minimums for new construction and allow for greater housing density around transit centers.
In his book The Color of Law, Richard Rothstein noted many of the same consequences of local zoning policies. In effect, throughout our history, some of these restrictive zoning policies have elevated the costs of housing even higher.
Housing became unaffordable to many low-income households, many of them minorities. Too many neighborhoods became segregated along racial lines for reasons of housing costs.
Many are wondering to what degree these policies add to the crisis. The policies only seem to be making matters worse.


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Love Your Pup!
Cute Dog Videos
Park Rangers Save a Dog That Was Intentionally Left to Drown in Rising Waters
By Melanie 1 Comment
Park rangers in Missouri likely save their share of wildlife, but were shocked come across a dog burdened with a heavy chain attached to a concrete block while patrolling an area around a lake. Thankfully they were able to save the poor thing before water rose high enough for him to drown.
It was on Friday, April 28th that the scared, dirty Lab/shepherd mix was found tethered to a 12" x 12" CMU (concrete masonry unit) at Longview Lake, just outside of Kansas City. Rangers contacted Tonya Hampton, an animal control officer and employee of the Great Plains SPCA.
"There is no doubt this was intentional," she said.
After his rescue, the dog was named Deputy. It is clear that the middle-aged dog was abused and "presumably left to drown in high water levels," according to a statement by the SPCA.
"When I arrived, I was able to gain his trust by offering treats and was able to free him from the cinderblock and he walked into a kennel without hesitation," Hampton told PEOPLE. "Once at the shelter he was still a little reserved, however, after a few minutes he [lit] up as if he knew he was safe. We gave him a bath since he was so very muddy, and he seemed to appreciate our efforts."
Deputy is now recuperating from his dismal life at the Great Plains SPCA's Independence shelter, and will likely be up for adoption soon. Anyone with information about who might have done this is asked to call Jackson County Animal Control at 913-475-6164.
"Our hope is that he finally knows what true love and safety really means, as he has been through so much already," Hampton said. "I wish people were more like these dogs, so forgiving and loving. Mankind would be much better off."
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Filed Under: Abandoned, Abuse, Animal Control, Dog News, Found, Heroic Humans, Investigation, Neglect, Rescue, Rescue Group, SPCA Tagged With: abandoned, abuse, chained, dog news, drown, flood, hero, Independence, Kansas City, lake, Longview Lake, Missouri, neglect, park ranger, rescue, rising water, Tether
studied English and has a bachelor's degree in psychology, with a focus on animal behavior, neuropsychology, and psychotherapy. She shares two pit bulls (adopted from the SPCA Serving Erie County) with her family, as well as three adopted cats with her husband, Fred. She takes pride in being a grammar enthusiast and advocating for animals, the environment, equal rights, and humanitarianism. She loves camping, cooking, taking photos, listening to psychedelic rock and indie music, and making all sorts of crafty things - from charm bracelets and paper rose bouquets to kitty condos and feral cat houses!
Melanie was sharing this profile with Fred, who is new to the Life With Dogs family, so many stories that were written by Fred from April 2014 - June 2014 will appear under Melanie's name.
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Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll
Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll Wii U Virtual Console footage
Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll made it out to the North American Wii U Virtual Console today. Find 30 minutes of footage below.
More: Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll, Virtual Console
Baseball Simulator 1000, Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll hitting the NA Wii U VC tomorrow
Posted on 3 years ago by Brian(@NE_Brian) in News, Wii U eShop | 10 Comments
Two games are slated for the North American Wii U Virtual Console tomorrow from Culture Brain. The company will be bringing out Baseball Simulator 1000 as well as Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll.
Here's an overview of the first one:
Play a full-length season with six teams for a defined number of games in a race for the pennant. You can also autosimulate the game and edit your team's players. And if you're tired of the traditional baseball dynamics, you can use Ultra Plays to make your pitches disappear or to make your hits explode or knock down opposing fielders!
And Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll:
Set off on a journey to complete the mystical Mandara Seal and activate its magical powers. Face tough challengers, and use six different types of fighting techniques to your advantage. Work your way to the World Tournament, and defend the world from the legions of darkness!
Baseball Simulator 1000 and Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll will cost $4.99 each.
More: Baseball Simulator 1000, Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll, Virtual Console
Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll Wii U Virtual Console trailer (Europe)
More: Europe, Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll, Virtual Console
Update: Also Kung-Fu Heroes Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll rated by the OFLC
Update: Kung-Fu Heroes, another probable VC release, has also been rated.
Over on the OFLC, Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll received an official rating. This should mean that the game is coming soon to the western Virtual Console. In Japan, Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll was just released on Wii U last Wednesday.
More: Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll, OFLC, Virtual Console
Japanese Breath of Fire, Mario Golf: Advance Tour, Flying Dragon Wii U Virtual Console trailers
More: Breath of Fire, Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll, Japan, Mario Golf: Advance Tour, Virtual Console
Breath of Fire, Mario Golf: Advance Tour, Flying Dragon hitting the Japanese Wii U Virtual Console next week
Three new games will be available on the Japanese Wii U Virtual Console next week. They are as follows:
Breath of Fire (SF VC, 823)
Mario Golf: Advance Tour (GBA VC, 702)
Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll (FC VC, 514)
The games above are hitting the Japanese eShop on September 10.
Warriors Orochi 4 Ultimate details Infinity mode, Yang Jian's deify special ability


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Essay on History
Western And Central Sudanese Societies Research Papers Examples
Topic: History, Sociology, Education, Society, Community, Skills, Knowledge, Animals
The origin and the culture of blacksmiths in Kuku society date 1790 – 1960s. Kuku consisted of a large ethnic group of southerners in Sudan (Poggo 169). The cultural and the linguistic group were among the Eastern Nilotes. The Eastern Nilotic Group occupied the Kajo-Kaji territory. The territory was originally the home of the Moru – Madi Sudanic community. As Kuku crossed the River Nile, they absorbed some of the communities living in that territory at that period. The interaction of the Kuku and Lugabra from the southern region, Kakwa from the west, and the Bari from the north led to the creation of distinct customs, values, norms, and beliefs by the new Kuku people. The Kuku migrants practiced a simple lifestyle, as they were hunters and gatherers while practicing few agricultural techniques. Prior to the use of iron in the ancient times, the Kuku applied pointed sticks to cultivate their lands (Poggo 170). Food was mainly in small-scale production as the population was small. Upon the discovery on the use of iron, it brought with it a revolution to the Kuku people in areas such as warfare, marriage, and agriculture. Conversely, the revolution translated to consolidation of the community's political, economy, and social institutions. Kuku blacksmiths occupied a prominent place in the society since people revered and respected their technical skills. People despised the Kuku blacksmiths in equal measure due to practicing other values and norms such as working and dancing while nude, drinking strong liquor, eating without washing the hands, singing songs to ridicule the women, smoking bhang in long pipes, promiscuity, and lack of ownership of livestock and farms like the rest of the native community.
The origin of iron smelting and its spread to the entire part of Africa is a subject prone to debate from historians and scholars. For example, the scholars of African history cite of limitation in linguistics and archaeological evidence as others claim of widespread use of knowledge in iron smelting, in most parts of the tropical Africa. Academicians tend to ignore discussion and analysis on the blacksmiths in the African society due to lack of information. The study of Mande Blacksmiths by Patrick McNaughton in 1988 presents a thoughtful discussion on some of the roles played by the blacksmiths in their distinct status, in the society. Mande blacksmiths are in the category of specialist given their distinct technical work unlike the members of the mainstream society. Setting the experts from other members will protect their professional interests from the mainstream society (Poggo 170). The Mande blacksmiths contribute to the development and consolidation of the social organization to design some of the implements in agriculture, hunting, canoe construction, and fishing. Mande blacksmiths work with the spiritual leaders, politicians, farmers, and elders to create a cultural space for the entire community. Flyle's article focuses on the blacksmiths in rural Sierra Leone on the apprentices trained in the smithery. The traditional society in this era depends on the blacksmiths so as to manufacture the agricultural implements and weapons. Fyle holds that the blacksmiths have mystic powers to that draw people to forge.
A Southern Sudanese intellectual group affiliated with Sudan People's Liberation Movement claims that Kuku people are one ethnic community among sixty ethnic groups. The Kuku belongs to Eastern Nilotes that engage in agriculture, in the early A.D 500. In the early 1300s, the Kuku group of people migrated eastward to ancient Meroe until they arrived in the modern-day Eritrea. The group travelled south to southwestern Ethiopia until they reached Lake Turkana (Poggo 173). The Kuku people crossed the White Nile to enter the Kajo – Kaji. The initial wave of the Kuku absorbed the inhabitants of the area and has unique norms and cultural values. For example, some of the marriage rituals of the Kuku and traditional dances borrow the Madi people. In the early 19th century, most of the Kuku crisscrossed the land as the population increased to secure lands to cultivate while others settle near rivers to benefit from fish for their nourishment (Poggo 173). Prior to the introduction of knowledge in the use of metal tools among the Kuku people in the ancient period, the people used pointed sticks called paya that were slightly weaker than iron. The toll had multipurpose appliances in cultivation, fishing, hunting, and used as a weapon (Abusabib 94). Agricultural practices were in small-scale as the community used small portions of the land.
Recent research from oral history explains that Kuku community revealed the intrigues of working with iron to derive blacksmiths in the culture of the people. All the blacksmiths in the Northeast and the Great Lakes Region of Africa were similar in that they had a predominant place in the society. Kuku blacksmiths had a dual position in the society since the inauguration of blacksmith activity in 1790s (Poggo 174). The blacksmiths made an enormous contribution to the ancient Kuku people. The manifest of implements made includes wukit, hoes, and v-shaped tool to cultivate. Other items include weapons such as knives, machetes, axes, spears, arrows and tools for constructing canoes. The Kuku blacksmiths unlike the Sierra Leone and the Mande blacksmiths went into specializations in their different skills to artists such as smelters, canoe-makers, workers of iron, and hunters and gatherers. The ancient Kuku iron blacksmith specialized in iron working (Abusabib 95). The individual consisted of a male person with technical skills that the mainstream people did not possess. A tumunit refers to a male individual with specialized skill in iron blacksmith. Kuku elders living in the ancient times held that the Kuku god Sagu issued the knowledge of iron smelting on certain individuals. The iron blacksmith has the ability of mining iron ore, smelting, and forging farm implements and other tools. Kuku men developed special skills to kill wild animals such as hippopotamus, elephant, and rhinoceros. The animal blacksmiths had bravery in carrying out hunting of the wild animals. They could dig large ditches to trail the frequently traveled animals. An animal would fall in the ditch with grass covers to trap the animal. Another technique included waiting for an animal while clinging on a branch, then striking an animal to kill it. A ligo was an expert hunter that had technical skills in designing snares and nets to trap wild animals.
The canoe-makers had specialized skills in designing canoes and fishing. An angler acquired spears and large knives from the iron blacksmiths to enable those that fish or hunt for crocodiles in River Nile. They could also organize themselves to rescue people in case a canoe capsized (Abusabib 95). The specialties in this field were referred to as piye and were expert swimmers, anglers, and canoe-men. The water blacksmiths were accorded special respect by the rest of the community. The ligo, piye, and the iron blacksmiths spent a lot of their time to fashion their skills. Only few people in Kuku society had such talents.
Scholars fail to agree on the informants that transferred the knowledge to the Kuku people and this leads to three schools of thought. The first school of thought argues that the Bari migrants had specialty in smelting iron. The Bari people inaugurated the skill to the Kuku society. The Ngepo people through a person called Dwali taught the Kuku clans techniques of making own iron tools. Kuku lived in plains unlike the Ngepo regions that were hillier and had plenty of iron. The Kuku iron blacksmiths had to buy the iron ore to support the manufacturing industry. Another school of thought refutes that knowledge of smelting iron came from Bari immigrants (Abusabib 97). The mythical folklore says that the knowledge was an accidental discovery. The story mentions of one woman called Keji while cooking food observed a molten material solidifying to metal. The husband of Keji decided to experiment on the molten material so as to shape an object before the metal solidified. The experiment led to the realization that the molten lumongot can appear in various shapes The author believes that since that day, the Kuku people search for mineral resources similar to the lumongot. The third school of thought believes that blacksmithing came to the Kuku society by social interactions with other ethnic groups in Southern Sudan.
Whatever the origin of discovery of the technique of irons was smelting, it is a revolution to the Kuku society in the ancient period. Some of the pioneers mine iron ore on the hilly places and mountains along Ngepo area to smelt the furnaces. For the success of the work of the blacksmiths, all the people in the community joined hands to ensure large-scale manufacture of tools. Smelting of iron requires plenty of energy and fuel to sustain the trade. The blacksmiths burned large quantities of wood to produce much charcoal vital in the iron-smelting industry (Abusabib 99). The iron blacksmiths developed complex techniques to smelt the iron ore. The few numbers of iron-smelters in every society is a confirmation of the complexity of the vocation in mastering.
The furnace of the Kuku blacksmith consists of fire, iron ore, bellows, and charcoal. The iron blacksmith dug a ditch to lay the iron ore and charcoal in equal proportions. The mixture was free of impurities solidified into a lumongoton that one can use to forge tools such as wukit and knives. A large blacksmith furnace requires four people to smelt the iron and manufacture the implements. Only a minority of families dominate the vocational trade. The first families in Ngepo that succeed in smelting iron, fiercely guard the technology to ensure the rest of the people do not possess the knowledge. The families do this so that the mainstream community can rely on them for the manufacture of farm implements, machetes, knives, necklaces, iron nuggets, jewelry, and the gbiriya (Abusabib 99). The blacksmith families married among themselves to protect the trade secret and to enable inheritance of the trade from one generation to another. The early blacksmith bestow a curse to any offspring in the subsequent generation that would not follow the vocation in their life. In the meanwhile, it was a taboo from any individual from the mainstream to engage in the blacksmith enterprise.
In conclusion, the acquisition of knowledge in the ancient Kuku society in Southern Sudan ensured a far-reaching effect in the economic, political, and the social fronts of the society (Abusabib 100). Smelting of iron by the blacksmiths translated to a revolution in warfare, marriage, and the culture of the society. The blacksmiths technology permits the Kuku society to enjoy a period of prosperity, political stability, and prestige in a well-guarded territory. The use of weapons forged with iron help the community to resist attacks from the neighboring community and other foreign invasions. The ability to conquer other nations negates the survival of the community to the present age.
The Kuku ligo, piye, and the iron blacksmiths create a unique subculture in the Kuku society to reflect the nature and the reward of the precarious vocation. Kuku blacksmiths wield enormous political and economic power to enjoy social prestige due to their extraordinary technical skills. The specialist accord respect and reverence from the mainstream community since they have indispensable knowledge and exceptional social behavior that renders them as outcasts in the society. The iron blacksmiths manufacture iron implements and weapons to facilitate food provision and provide military provision to defend the Kuku society from any external aggression.
Pressures of modernity overwhelm the iron blacksmiths in the entire part of sub-Saharan Africa. During the industry revolution, foreign technology replaces the role of an ancient iron blacksmith. The indigenous blacksmith becomes obsolete as the community purchases the sophisticated European items.
Abusabib, Mohamed. "Back To Mangu Zambiri: Art, Politics And Identity In Northern Sudan." New Political Science 23.1 (2001): 89-111.
Poggo, Scopas. "The Origins And Culture Of Blacksmiths In Kuku Society Of The Sudan, 1797-	1955." Journal Of African Cultural Studies 18.2 (2006): 169-186.
Sanni, Amidu Olalekan. "Review: Arabic Literature Of Africa Volume 4: The Writings Of Western Sudanic Africa." Journal Of Islamic Studies 16.1 (2005): 127-129.
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Western And Central Sudanese Societies Research Papers Examples. Free Essay Examples - WowEssays.com. https://www.wowessays.com/free-samples/western-and-central-sudanese-societies-research-papers-examples/. Published Mar 02, 2020. Accessed January 17, 2021.
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text:
Faith & Charity
Dawson County News names Rio White as new staff writer
Georgia United Foundation grants over 1000 wishes for children and mothers in need
Photo by freestocks on Unsplash.
This year, the Georgia United Foundation's Wish Tree program granted the wishes of 1,284 children and mothers in need throughout 10 counties in the state, according to a release by the foundation.
The annual Wish Tree program, which is in its 31st year, provides gifts to Georgia children and mothers in need through donations made by community partners and members, according to the release.
"The holidays were brighter for children and mothers in need thanks to the generous donations made to Georgia United Foundation's 31st annual Wish Tree program," the release said.
The Georgia United Foundation is the philanthropic arm of Georgia United Credit Union, one of the state's largest credit unions with over 170,000 members. According to the release, the foundation seeks to improve the quality of life in the local community through service projects and other programs funded by its members and partners.
Due to ongoing challenges related to COVID-19, the foundation decided to continue offering an option to donate to the program virtually, so that community members could participate from home. Donors were able to select the charity location and the requested gifts from online shopping lists, and donations were shipped directly to the area branch location. Then the local Division of Family and Children Services (DFCS) and other similar organizations delivered the gifts in time for Christmas.
"Both 2020 and 2021 presented challenges to many of our communities, but we wanted to continue serving children and mothers in need," Georgia United credit Union Business Development Officer Liz Riffert said in the release. "By continuing the online donation shopping, kit allowed members and nonmembers to participate and safely shop from their homes. We're really thankful for all who donated and made a difference during this holiday season. Thank you for helping us spread cheer throughout this holiday season."
Since the program's inception, more than 32,000 gifts have been donated to children and mothers in need. For more information about the Wish Tree program and how you can get involved, contact Liz Riffert at liz.riffert@gucu.org or 812-760-7505. For more information about the foundation and details on volunteering or donating, go to gucufoundation.org.


Join Deke McClelland for an in-depth discussion in this video Downsampling for print, part of Photoshop CS6 One-on-One: Fundamentals.
Photoshop CS6 One-on-One: Fundamentals is a concise and focused introduction to the key features in Photoshop, presented by long-time lynda.com author and Adobe veteran Deke McClelland. This course covers the image editing process from the very beginning and progresses through the concepts and techniques that every photographer or graphic designer should know. Deke explains digital imaging fundamentals, such as resolution vs. size and the effects of downsampling. He explains how to use layers to edit an image nondestructively and organize those edits in an easy-to-read way, and introduces techniques such as cropping, adjusting brightness and contrast, correcting and changing color, and retouching and healing images. These lessons distill the vast assortment of tools and options to a refined set of skills that will get you working inside Photoshop with confidence.
Q: Where can I learn more about graphic design?
A: Discover more on this topic by visiting graphic design on lynda.com.
"Some text layers contain fonts that are missing. These layers will need to have the missing fonts replaced before they can be used for vector based output."
Unlike the TIF and JPEG files which display and open correctly, all the icons for PSD files are blank but other than the welcome.psd file, they seem to open correctly without the error message. Is this a problem that I should address (perhaps re-download the files or find the missing fonts)?
First, they may contain editable text complete with font info. The files are designed with fonts that ship with Photoshop, so you don't get error messages, but Adobe sells some versions of Photoshop without fonts. This may be your issue.
Second, the PSD files contain no flat previews. This makes for smaller files, but it means the operating system, Mac or Windows, cannot generate previews. That won't effect your experience in Photoshop, but it does mean you can't see the file until you open it.


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I feel like I died the day my ex girlfriend rejected my marriage proposal. Remorse My ex girlfriend and I were together for 4 years.
I remember the night that I proposed to her like it was yesterday. It was our anniversary and I took her to this ridiculously expensive restaurant, I remember it costing around 300.
Anyway, after dinner, we Jul 19, 2018 Girlfriend rejected my proposal For the first year and a half she really liked me while I was in loveflirting with another woman while using my girlfriend for the interim hoping the other woman would fall for me so I could eventually leave my girlfriend for her. Worlds Largest Collection of Essays! Published by Experts Share Your Essays.
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Whenever I propose to a girl, she rejects me. Why? Update Cancel. ad by Ooma, Inc. no all the time. I never had a girlfriend, Take it easy man keep trying as you may find a person made for you. I proposed a girl but she rejected my proposal, should I continue talking to her? Jul 19, 2018 My girlfriend and I are both 26 and have been together for 2 and a half years.
For the first year and a half she really liked me while I was in loveflirting with another woman while using my girlfriend for the interim hoping the other woman would fall for me so I could eventually leave my girlfriend for her.
She wasnt interested so I stayed with my girlfriend Nov 05, 2016 5 Gf rejected my proposal essay Proposals RejectedFails That Will Make You Cry! Description: Whether you've met your other half through online dating, at work or having your eyes lock in a crowded room, there's She has only rejected your proposal, and not rejected you. She still holds the place of a friend for you. It is not necessary that if you are best friends, the Jan 06, 2012 My gf of 3 yrs rejected my marriage proposal.
I still feel like the biggest loser ever and maybe I'm just not good enough. Her reply was Not yet, maybe in several years from now I don't really know Published by Experts Share Your Essays.
com is the home of thousands of essays published by experts like you! Publish your original essays now. Return to Content. ADVERTISEMENTS: Letter from a Girl to Her Boyfriend Rejecting Marriage Proposal.


A Kathie Rasmussen Women's Theater Social & Fundraiser inspired by our current production, Let Them Eat Cake. Please join us for lunch or dinner on May 4th at Salads Up. There will be board games and great company! Make sure to mention Krass when buying your food and 15% of your purchase will be donated to Krass! In order for this donation to happen, we need at least 20 people to RSVP to the event by clicking here.
Nichole will be there with board games from 11:30-1pm & 4:00-7:30pm. Come catch up with old friends, meet new people, play some board games, and enjoy some great food. Afterwards, Nichole will be attending the opening night of Let Them Eat Cake – join her if you can!
Get tickets fort the show!
Our current production, Let Them Eat Cake, was written by local playwright Betty Diamond and is a seriously comic exploration of women and food. Why do we eat when we're not hungry? Why do we not eat when we are? Is it safe to give babies food from cans? A group of old friends confront these and other issues as they gather to celebrate a birthday. With cake. Come eat some yummy food with us and afterwards check out our performance of Let Them Eat Cake!


text:
typedef struct
{
  const dBGraph *const db_graph; // graph we are operating on
  uint8_t *const kmer_mask; // bitset of visited kmers
  const bool grab_unitigs; // grab entire unitigs or just kmers
  dBNodeBuffer nbufs[2], unitig_buf;
  SeqLoadingStats stats;
} SubgraphBuilder;

static void subgraph_builder_alloc(SubgraphBuilder *builder,
                                   size_t num_fringe_nodes,
                                   bool grab_unitigs,
                                   uint8_t *kmer_mask,
                                   const dBGraph *graph)
{
  SubgraphBuilder tmp = {.db_graph = graph,
                         .kmer_mask = kmer_mask,
                         .grab_unitigs = grab_unitigs};

  memcpy(builder, &tmp, sizeof(SubgraphBuilder));
  db_node_buf_alloc(&builder->nbufs[0], num_fringe_nodes);
  db_node_buf_alloc(&builder->nbufs[1], num_fringe_nodes);
  db_node_buf_alloc(&builder->unitig_buf, 128);
  seq_loading_stats_init(&builder->stats);
}

static void subgraph_builder_dealloc(SubgraphBuilder *builder)
{
  db_node_buf_dealloc(&builder->nbufs[0]);
  db_node_buf_dealloc(&builder->nbufs[1]);
  db_node_buf_dealloc(&builder->unitig_buf);
}

// Mark all kmers touched by a read, if they already exist in the graph
static void mark_bkmer(BinaryKmer bkmer, dBNodeBuffer *nbuf,
                       uint8_t *kmer_mask, const dBGraph *db_graph)
{
  dBNode node = db_graph_find(db_graph, bkmer);

  #ifdef CTXVERBOSE
    char tmp[MAX_KMER_SIZE+1];
    binary_kmer_to_str(bkmer, db_graph->kmer_size, tmp);
    status("got bkmer %s\n", tmp);
  #endif

  // push_try return index of item or -1 on failure
  if(node.key != HASH_NOT_FOUND) {
    if(!bitset_get(kmer_mask, node.key) && nbuf->size > 0 &&
       db_node_buf_push_try(nbuf, &node, 1) < 0) {
      die("Please increase <mem> size");
    }
    bitset_set(kmer_mask, node.key);
  }
}

// Mark entire unitigs that are touched by a read
static inline void mark_unitig(BinaryKmer bkmer,
                              dBNodeBuffer *nbuf, dBNodeBuffer *unitig_buf,
                              uint8_t *kmer_mask, const dBGraph *db_graph)
{
  dBNode node = db_graph_find(db_graph, bkmer);
  size_t i;

  if(node.key != HASH_NOT_FOUND && !bitset_get(kmer_mask, node.key))
  {
    db_node_buf_reset(unitig_buf);
    db_unitig_fetch(node.key, unitig_buf, db_graph);

    for(i = 0; i < unitig_buf->len; i++) {
      bitset_set(kmer_mask, unitig_buf->b[i].key);
      // push_try return index of item or -1 on failure
      if(nbuf->size > 0 &&
         db_node_buf_push_try(nbuf, &unitig_buf->b[i], 1) < 0) {
        die("Please increase <mem> size");
      }
    }
  }
}

static void store_read_nodes(read_t *r1, read_t *r2,
                             uint8_t qoffset1, uint8_t qoffset2, void *ptr)
{
  (void)qoffset1; (void)qoffset2;
  SubgraphBuilder *builder = (SubgraphBuilder*)ptr;
  const dBGraph *db_graph = builder->db_graph;

  if(builder->grab_unitigs)
  {
    READ_TO_BKMERS(r1, db_graph->kmer_size, 0, 0, &builder->stats, mark_unitig,
                   &builder->nbufs[0], &builder->unitig_buf,
                   builder->kmer_mask, db_graph);
    if(r2 != NULL) {
      READ_TO_BKMERS(r2, db_graph->kmer_size, 0, 0, &builder->stats, mark_unitig,
                     &builder->nbufs[0], &builder->unitig_buf,
                     builder->kmer_mask, db_graph);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    READ_TO_BKMERS(r1, db_graph->kmer_size, 0, 0, &builder->stats, mark_bkmer,
                   &builder->nbufs[0], builder->kmer_mask, db_graph);
    if(r2 != NULL) {
      READ_TO_BKMERS(r2, db_graph->kmer_size, 0, 0, &builder->stats, mark_bkmer,
                     &builder->nbufs[0], builder->kmer_mask, db_graph);
    }
  }
}

static void store_node_neighbours(const hkey_t hkey, dBNodeBuffer *nbuf,
                                  uint8_t *kmer_mask, const dBGraph *db_graph)
{
  // Get neighbours
  BinaryKmer bkmer = db_node_get_bkey(db_graph, hkey);
  Edges edges = db_node_get_edges_union(db_graph, hkey);
  size_t num_next, i;
  dBNode next_nodes[8];
  Nucleotide next_bases[8];

  // Get neighbours in forward dir
  num_next  = db_graph_next_nodes(db_graph, bkmer, FORWARD, edges,
                                  next_nodes, next_bases);

  // Get neighbours in reverse dir
  num_next += db_graph_next_nodes(db_graph, bkmer, REVERSE, edges,
                                  next_nodes+num_next, next_bases+num_next);

  // if not flagged add to list
  // push_try return index of item or -1 on failure
  for(i = 0; i < num_next; i++) {
    if(!bitset_get(kmer_mask, next_nodes[i].key) &&
       db_node_buf_push_try(nbuf, &next_nodes[i], 1) < 0) {
      die("Please increase <mem> size");
    }
    bitset_set(kmer_mask, next_nodes[i].key);
  }
}

static void extend(SubgraphBuilder *builder, size_t dist)
{
  const dBGraph *db_graph = builder->db_graph;
  uint8_t *kmer_mask = builder->kmer_mask;
  dBNodeBuffer *nbuf0 = &builder->nbufs[0], *nbuf1 = &builder->nbufs[1];
  size_t d, i;

  if(dist > 0)
  {
    char dist_str[100];
    ulong_to_str(dist, dist_str);
    status("Extending subgraph by %s kmers\n", dist_str);

    for(d = 0; d < dist; d++) {
      db_node_buf_reset(nbuf1);
      for(i = 0; i < nbuf0->len; i++) {
        store_node_neighbours(nbuf0->b[i].key, nbuf1, kmer_mask, db_graph);
      }
      SWAP(nbuf0, nbuf1);
    }
  }
}

static void print_stats(const SubgraphBuilder *builder)
{
  size_t nseed_kmers = builder->stats.num_kmers_loaded;
  size_t nkmers_found = builder->nbufs[0].len;
  char nseed_kmers_str[100], nkmers_found_str[100];
  ulong_to_str(nseed_kmers, nseed_kmers_str);
  ulong_to_str(nkmers_found, nkmers_found_str);
  status("Found %s / %s (%.2f%%) seed kmers",
         nkmers_found_str, nseed_kmers_str, (100.0*nkmers_found)/nseed_kmers);
}

static size_t get_num_fringe_nodes(size_t fringe_mem, size_t dist)
{
  return dist == 0 ? 0 : fringe_mem / (sizeof(dBNode) * 2);
}

// `nthreads` number of threads to use
// `dist` is how many steps away from seed kmers to take
// `invert`, if true, means only save kmers not touched
// `fringe_mem` is how many bytes can be used to remember the fringe of
// the breadth first search (we use 8 bytes per kmer)
// `kmer_mask` should be a bit array (one bit per kmer) of zero'd memory
void subgraph_from_reads(dBGraph *db_graph, size_t nthreads, size_t dist,
                         bool invert, bool grab_unitigs,
                         size_t fringe_mem, uint8_t *kmer_mask,
                         seq_file_t **files, size_t num_files)
{
  // divide by two since this is the number of nodes per list, two lists
  size_t i, num_of_fringe_nodes = get_num_fringe_nodes(fringe_mem, dist);

  SubgraphBuilder builder;
  subgraph_builder_alloc(&builder, num_of_fringe_nodes, grab_unitigs,
                         kmer_mask, db_graph);

  // Load sequence and mark in first pass
  read_t r1;
  if(seq_read_alloc(&r1) == NULL)
    die("Out of memory");

  for(i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
    seq_parse_se_sf(files[i], 0, &r1, store_read_nodes, &builder);

  print_stats(&builder);

  seq_read_dealloc(&r1);

  extend(&builder, dist);
  subgraph_builder_dealloc(&builder);

  if(invert) {
    status("Inverting selection...");
    size_t num_bytes = roundup_bits2bytes(db_graph->ht.capacity);
    for(i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++)
      kmer_mask[i] = ~kmer_mask[i];
  }

  status("Pruning untouched nodes...");

  prune_nodes_lacking_flag(nthreads, kmer_mask, db_graph);
}

// `nthreads` number of threads to use
// `dist` is how many steps away from seed kmers to take
// `invert`, if true, means only save kmers not touched
// `fringe_mem` is how many bytes can be used to remember the fringe of
// the breadth first search (we use 8 bytes per kmer)
// `kmer_mask` should be a bit array (one bit per kmer) of zero'd memory
void subgraph_from_seq(dBGraph *db_graph, size_t nthreads, size_t dist,
                       bool invert, bool grab_unitigs,
                       size_t fringe_mem, uint8_t *kmer_mask,
                       char **seqs, size_t *seqlens, size_t num_seqs)
{
  // divide by two since this is the number of nodes per list, two lists
  size_t i, num_of_fringe_nodes = get_num_fringe_nodes(fringe_mem, dist);

  SubgraphBuilder builder;
  subgraph_builder_alloc(&builder, num_of_fringe_nodes, grab_unitigs,
                         kmer_mask, db_graph);

  // Load sequence and mark in first pass
  char empty[10] = "";
  read_t r1 = {.name = {.b = empty, .end = 0, .size = 0},
               .seq  = {.b = NULL,  .end = 0, .size = 0},
               .qual = {.b = empty, .end = 0, .size = 0}};

  for(i = 0; i < num_seqs; i++) {
    r1.seq.b = seqs[i];
    r1.seq.end = seqlens[i];
    store_read_nodes(&r1, NULL, 0, 0, &builder);
  }

  print_stats(&builder);

  extend(&builder, dist);
  subgraph_builder_dealloc(&builder);

  if(invert) {
    status("Inverting selection...\n");
    size_t num_bytes = roundup_bits2bytes(db_graph->ht.capacity);
    for(i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++)
      kmer_mask[i] = ~kmer_mask[i];
  }

  status("Pruning untouched nodes...\n");

  prune_nodes_lacking_flag(nthreads, kmer_mask, db_graph);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Full grain calfskin and suede leather treated against friction and disgorging. But still waterproof the suede before using for the first time. Lining in poplin. For more information on leather and care please refer to our savoir-faire page.


Not all spiritual lineages are "alive" with the energy and awareness of enlightenment. It may be that at one time there was an enlightened teacher at the root of a lineage, but over time, the lineage may have become diluted or dried out. A spiritual lineage that is alive is one that continues to transmit the power, purity, and possibility of awakening in the present time.
Occasionally, a teacher is very powerful and their teachings have been purely preserved such that you can connect with them and access their enlightenment. This is rare, and the more time that passes since the teachings were originally given, the greater the chance that the access points to real awakening will have disappeared. If there are no longer beings within the lineage who are awake and can share the lineage transmission, then what is often left are teaching stories and traditions, but probably not an empowerment that can be harnessed for liberation.
There can be a lot of beauty in spiritual traditions, and the teachings may continue to be cherished as a wonderful model for morality and a structure for community. There is no judgment about these types of lineages at all. However, if one's primary longing is for liberation, finding a lineage with a live current of enlightenment is of utmost importance.
As a being of enlightened awareness, you are a lineage holder. The root teacher for your lineage may be alive or not, there may be a long line of lineage holders going back generations, or you may be the first of your lineage. If the transmission of awakening is alive within you, then you are an active participant in an enlightened lineage. This is a sacred and beautiful gift.
Being part of an enlightened lineage means that you embody the teachings. Beyond remembering and telling the stories, and more than passing along teachings, there is the opportunity to be the transmission of enlightenment with every action and every breath–to become the living embodiment of the lineage itself.
Embodying the lineage is not a prescribed process or outcome. The lineage will flow through you as you are. It is especially beautiful when there are multiple enlightened lineage holders in a single generation, because it allows the lineage to flow through each one uniquely, creating a rainbow of Light that may inspire and ignite a passion for awakening in many different people.
The great contemporary spiritual teacher, Sri Mooji, once spoke of his own sacred lineage passed down from Sri Ramana Maharshi to Mooji's direct teacher, Sri Poonjaji. He was asked to speak of his teachers' greatest teaching. He said, "I am their living message right now. I am my Master's highest teaching." Fully embodying the lineage is the greatest honor and true essence of being a lineage holder.
Excerpted from Transcending the Advanced Path: Awakening Beyond Belief © 2017 Mu.
This entry was posted in Enlightenment and tagged embodiment, enlightenment, lineage. Bookmark the permalink.


At Stobo, we operate a staff gratuity scheme whereby 100% of the proceeds is distributed equally amongst all staff (excluding Directors), in relation to the number of hours worked.
This generates on average an additional £0.75 per hour, over and above the hourly rate offered.
A comprehensive package of employee benefits is also on offer.


text:
Q: Laravel language translation error with place holder texts In my laravel application, I have a user registration form.
Since the application is a multilingual one, I'm trying to translate each and every single text, including the placeholder texts.
{!! Form::text('first_name', null, array('placeholder' => ''.{{ __('texts.First Name') }}.'','class' => 'form-control txt_txt')) !!}
{!! $errors->first('first_name', ':message') !!}

When I try to run this, it keeps giving me an error saying
ParseError
syntax error, unexpected '<'

A: No need of curly braces inside  Form::text
{!! Form::text('first_name', null, array('placeholder' => __('texts.First Name'),'class' => 'form-control txt_txt')) !!}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Q: Populating objects in C# I have Order,OrderDetails and OrderStatus objects as shown below:
public class Order
{
  public override int OrderId { get; set; }
  public string FName { get; set; }
  public string MName { get; set; }
  public string LName { get; set; }
  public string Street { get; set; }
  public string City { get; set; }
  public List<OrderDetails> OrderDetails { get; set; };
}

public class OrderDetails
{
  public override int OrderdetailsId { get; set; }
  public int OrderId { get; set; }
  public int ProductID { get; set; }
  public int Qty { get; set; }
  public List<OrderStatus> OrderStat { get; set; };
}

public class OrderStatus
{
public override int OrderdetailsStatusId { get; set; }
public int OrderdetailsId  { get; set; }
public int StatusID { get; set; }

}

I cannot use LinQ. I want to populate the order object like we do in LinQ.
How do I populate all all the properties in Order object:
for eg.
Order o =new Order();
o.FName="John";
o.LName="abc";
o.Street="TStreet";
o.City="Atlanta";

then
o.Orderdetails.Add(orderdetails)
How do I do that here in C# when not using LinQ.

A: Are you talking about being able to do this:
Order o =new Order
{
    FName="John",
    LName="abc",
    Street="TStreet",
    City="Atlanta"
};

Because you sould still be able to do that, even without LINQ;
You could even go so far as to:
Order o =new Order
{
    FName="John",
    LName="abc",
    Street="TStreet",
    City="Atlanta"
};

o.OrderDetails = new List<OrderDetail>();
o.Add(new OrderDetail { OrderdetailsId = 1, Qty = 0 /* etc */});

But that can get a bit confusing.

A: If you're referring to this syntax:
Order o = new Order()
{
    FName = "John",
    LName = "abc",
    Street = "TStreet",
    City = "Atlanta"
};

It has nothing to do with LINQ. You can still use object initializer syntax when you're targeting .NET 2.0, as long as you use a C# 3.0 compiler. The compiler will generate exactly the same IL as it would for your original code.

A: Basically what you have looks fine. You can use delegates and events, as well, if you need more control from the class.
If you are asking how you would populate from a data store, sounds like you are desiring to create an object graph. You can declare the class as serializable, look that up.


text:
Home / News & Sport / Fall in planning permissions granted in Donegal
Fall in planning permissions granted in Donegal
There's been a 39 per cent drop in the number of planning applications given the green light in the past year.
New CSO figures show that permission was granted for a total of just 3-thousand-310 units between April and June – down from 5-thousand-378 in the same quarter in 2010.
In Donegal, the drop is less severe, with 92 new dwellings approved this year compared to 109 during the same period last year.
In total, there were 232 permissions granted in Donegal between April and June.


text:
Q: Android/Java libraries These questions are my attempt at understanding how Android handles JAR files and external libraries, etc. It's conceptual.
In Java, there is a JAR file rt.jar that comes with the JRE, so that every application has access to the java core libraries.

*

*Does the Java classloader load classes only as they're needed by the application?

*Is rt.jar equivalent to android's /system/framework/ jars?

*When we develop an app with the SDK, we include android.jar from one of the android APIs. Is android.jar essentially the compiled AOSP for that API (minus some hidden libraries)?

*android.jar isn't actually included with an APK, is it? Once on a device, the APK is using /system/framework/framework.jar, correct?

*If yes to 4, how does android tell an application to use that library? Is this something I can view the source code for?

*When we add a JAR to an Android project, is this just like including a static library? The code from the library is just compiled into classes.dex like the rest of the project?

*When we add an android library project to an application, is it also compiled into classes.dex? The only difference between this and 6 is that a library project can contain resources?

*If every app is referencing /system/framework/framework.jar (and others, like services.jar etc.), then are there a bunch of instances of that library running at one time on the device? Is it like a dynamic library that gets loaded into memory multiple times?
I'd love answers to all these questions, but I'd also appreciate suggestions to some good places to read about these things.

A: Correct me if I'm wrong in any of the answers and I'll edit:
1.- Android has been JIT for years but there's a new runtime that enforces AOT to improve performance now that most devices can handle it: Dalvik ART
2.- ??
3-5.- The android jar is provided by the IDE for compiling purposes but the actual implementation is loaded by the operative system, that's how they achieve backwards compatibility (and fragmentation) and the same APKs working on cooked roms like Samsung's or Amazon's.
6.- Yes, everything is packed in classes.dex and there's a hardcap of 65k methods between all dependencies. There are some compiler-time substitutions for dependencies that may be already included in the OS.
7.- I am not sure about the new AARs but modules or other projects are compiled and bundled together, yes.
8.- There is a shared memory space for those things, along with system assets: Commonsware - What is Dalvik section Memory Consumption.


text:
Photographer captured Lincoln for posterity
Pete Sherman
On June 2, 1860, Springfield residents, who had long been hoping for rain, finally got it, according to the Illinois State Journal. Storms were worst just to the west, where tornadoes killed dozens from Alton to eastern Iowa.
Traveling to Springfield by train from his Chicago studio, photographer Alexander Hesler might have been looking out the window, studying the view of the storm-swept countryside. He was a well-known photographer by then. A photo Hesler took of Minnehaha Falls reportedly inspired Henry Wadsworth Longfellow to write his epic poem, "The Song of Hiawatha."
Hesler had been tapped by the young Republican Party to take a photograph of its new presidential nominee, Abraham Lincoln. Hesler had photographed Lincoln before, in 1857 in Chicago. The image is famous mostly for the way Hesler tousled Lincoln's thick, black hair, making Lincoln look as if he had just gotten out of the shower, vigorously toweled his hair dry and then forgotten to comb it.
On June 3, Hesler would take four much better photographs that were to be used during Lincoln's White House run against Stephen Douglas and two other candidates, John Bell and John Breckenridge.
That day — the birthday of future Confederate president Jefferson Davis — Hesler set up shop at the Old State Capitol, the site of Lincoln's campaign headquarters. No one knows exactly where in the building the photos were taken, but the governor's reception room on the second floor is a common guess.
Lincoln would sit for at least four other artists — photographers, painters, illustrators — by the end of the month. His fame rapidly was increasing at a time when photography also was gaining momentum as the preferred way to capture a face. Many historians regard Lincoln as the first president of the photographic age. In any case, Lincoln was photographed significantly more times than any preceding president.
But that didn't mean Lincoln was an easy subject. Some doubted any artist could ever capture his true physical likeness.
A magazine article written 26 years after Lincoln's death by his secretary, John Nicolay, argued this point.
According to Nicolay, it wasn't Lincoln's awkwardness or ugliness that stumped the artists.
"In his case there was such a difference between the hard literal shell of the physical man, and the fine ideal fiber, temper, and aspiration of his spirit; the extremes were so far apart that no photograph or painting of the former could render even an approximate representation of the latter."
He went on to describe Lincoln's "extremes."
"Graphic art was powerless before a face that moved through a thousand delicate gradations of line and contour, light and shade, sparkle of the eye and curve of the lip," Nicolay explained, before concluding, "(there) are many pictures of Lincoln; there is no portrait of him."
Historians, however, tend to agree Hesler produced as true a portrait of Lincoln as any other artist.
"They're the very best of the pre-presidential Lincolns," said Lincoln scholar Michael Burlingame of Hesler's four known takes. "The profiles are quite striking. There's something about the cragginess of the face that comports more with Lincoln the man."
"It's a big leap over all previous photos of him," said James Cornelius, the curator of the Lincoln collection at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum. "What (Hesler) did was to make Lincoln look both calm and serious. In previous photographs — there are about two dozen before this one was taken — he either looks pretty serious or pretty rough, and in two or three he looks like a mild country parson.
"The trick to photography, in which we put so much in store today, really was an art form in the hands of Hesler. He could make the light right and get the wrinkles to come out."
It probably took a little more than 20 seconds for Hesler to capture Lincoln's image with the collodion photographic process he used.
Collodion photography was a technological improvement over the daguerreotype — a process that required heating a cup of mercury to create a vapor that helped develop the image. But collodion photography still required many carefully orchestrated steps.
Hesler had to create a makeshift darkroom on site at the Old State Capitol. Before coating a glass plate with various liquid chemicals in a multi-stage process, Hesler already would have seated and posed Lincoln and focused his camera perfectly before inserting the still-wet plate on which a negative would be made.
"They called these people artists," said Mark Sorensen, president of the Illinois State Historical Society and a student of Hesler's career. "They're dealing with chemicals, lens and lighting simultaneously."
Of Lincoln's four poses for Hesler, two are considered superior.
In the first, Lincoln is looking to his left. The right side of his beardless face appears leathery, wrinkled and thin. He looks almost casual. His law partner, William Herndon, praised how it brought out the curve of Lincoln's lower lip and the mole on his cheek.
In the second photograph, Lincoln is looking more forward. You can see both his eyes instead of just the right, as in the first photo. The left eye does not appear to drift, as many other photos revealed it did.
"They are so striking. They radiate a kind of Lincolnian wisdom, a political gravitas," Burlingame said.
The Republicans quickly sold at least 10,000 copies of these two portraits, for which Lincoln combed his hair and put on his finest clothes. Along with the photograph taken of Lincoln by Matthew Brady at Cooper Union in New York, Hesler's work helped create a favorable impression of Lincoln among voters across the country.
Lincoln himself is quoted as liking Hesler's work, especially the frontal shot, remarking "that (it) looks better and expresses me better than any I have ever seen; if it pleases the people, I am satisfied."
Lincoln had said similar things regarding other artistic renderings of him. Historians say people commonly made such comments, perhaps just to be polite.
However, three months after Hesler's appointment with Lincoln, a Philadelphia newspaper reporter asked Lincoln why there were so many poor portraits of him.
"It is impossible to get my graceful motions in — that's the reason why none of the pictures are like me!" Lincoln reportedly said, probably joking about his motions, which were often regarded as anything but graceful.
We have mostly copies of copies of roughly 130 known photographs of Lincoln, taken from 1846 to just before his death in 1865. Daguerreotypes were one-time deals, producing no negatives. To save money, many collodion photographers washed their negative glass plates in acid so they could be reused.
However, George Bucher Ayres, a jack of many trades who bought Hesler's studio in the mid-1860s, saved the Lincoln negatives from the acid bath — and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Within a few years after purchasing Hesler's studio, Ayres sold it (before it burned down) and moved to Buffalo, then Pennsylvania, bringing the plates with him.
It took decades for him to do anything with the plates (he apparently forgot he had them for a while). Eventually, he decided to make several "interpositive glass plates" from the original negatives.
Interpositives could be used to make more negatives, which Ayres needed to turn out enlarged Hesler reprints.
The Illinois State Historical Society owns two glass-plate interpositives — one each of the two better Hesler photographs. They are stored in climate-controlled conditions at Bradley University in Peoria.
The Eastman House museum of film and photography in Rochester, N.Y., has one interpositive Hesler plate. Although nearly a third of its plate is cracked in several places, conservators there meticulously glued it back together. The restored plate is on exhibit there until the end of May.
One of the great things about collodion negatives was their ability to produce enlarged photographs without losing the finer details of the originals. Reprints of Hesler's 1860 Lincolns are often much crisper and cleaner than nearly any other Lincoln photographic reprint.
The state historical society earns a little bit of pocket change selling high-quality Hesler reprints. When Michael Burlingame spoke at the society's annual symposium earlier this year, he requested two framed versions in lieu of a speaker's fee.
"We're extremely fortunate to have such clear, sharp images," Burlingame said.
After Ayres died in 1905, his two daughters inherited the Lincoln negatives. The negatives sat in storage until after the daughters passed away. Shortly after, a lawyer helping to settle their estate bought and subsequently sold them to William Danforth, founder of Ralston Purina Co. in St. Louis.
On the way to St. Louis, the negatives were cracked in the mail. The lawyer who sent them there ultimately sued the U.S. Post Office and received a $1,000 settlement. The postal agency got stuck with the plates, which is how they ended up at the Smithsonian, where they are stored but damaged beyond repair.
Years later, in the 1950s, King Hostick, a Lincoln collector from Illinois, uncovered the two glass plate interpositives while sifting through the Ayres estate. Upon his death in 1993, Hostick willed them to the state historical society (but not before spinning off his own reprints that continue to turn up on the antique market today).
A few years ago, a Michigan autoworker discovered the cracked interpositive plate now at the Eastman House.
Hesler, who died in Evanston in 1895, lived long enough to see an engraved version of one of his photos prominently featured in Century Magazine's 1886 introduction to its serialized, 4,700-page biography of Lincoln, written by Nicolay and his White House counterpart, John Hay.
When Chicago photographer Alexander Hesler photographed Abraham Lincoln on June 3, 1860, it wasn't simply a matter of setting up a camera and pushing a button. Hesler had to set up a laboratory and darkroom first.
Then came the hard part.
Collodion photography expert Mark Osterman, process historian in the advanced residency program in photograph conservation at the George Eastman House, a film and photography museum in Rochester, N.Y., explained the process.
"Hesler would have at least four boxes: one for chemicals, one for the camera, one for processing equipment, the last for sundries," Osterman wrote in an e-mail to The State Journal-Register. "The chemicals would be iodized collodion (to coat the plate), silver nitrate (to sensitize the coated plate), iron sulfate developer (for bringing out the image), cyanide or hypo fixer (for making the image permanent) and varnish (to protect the surface) … He might have also brought a head stand to immobilize the subject ... but these were heavy."
It would have taken about an hour for Hesler to set up everything, given that the chemicals were premixed, Osterman said. He would have covered windows with a red cloth to create a safe light to protect the negative glass plate.
"A glass plate was coated with iodized collodion in the daylight, then sensitized in a vertical bath of silver nitrate solution under (the) red light. The wet plate was then exposed in the camera and developed before the collodion coating was dry — thus the term 'wet plate,'" he said.
After a couple shots to test light quality, the actual shots would last 10 to 30 seconds per exposure. Processing would take about five minutes, with 10 more minutes to wash the negative glass plate with water. The plate then was dried with an alcohol-fueled lamp, then varnished, then heated again to cure the varnish. After letting the plate dry for an hour, Hesler would have placed the plate in a slotted box for storage. Then, he'd repeat this process for each new shot.
The process created a rich photo that captured fine shades of gray. Osterman, who leads workshops on the process, has led a mini-revival of collodion photography.
"Recently, we have been considering approaching the Obama White House with the idea of us doing what Hesler did — bring our collodion equipment to make a portrait," he said.
Pete Sherman can be reached at (217) 788-1539 orpete.sherman@sj-r.com.


text:
/**
 * \kernelgroup{SceSblAuthMgr}
 * \usage{psp2kern/sblauthmgr.h,SceSblAuthMgrForKernel_stub}
 */

#ifndef _PSP2_KERNEL_SBLAUTHMGR_H_
#define _PSP2_KERNEL_SBLAUTHMGR_H_

#include <psp2kern/types.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

int ksceSblAuthMgrClearDmac5Key(int slot_id, int val);
int ksceSblAuthMgrSetDmac5Key(const void *key, size_t keylen, int slot_id, int key_id);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* _PSP2_KERNEL_SBLAUTHMGR_H_ */


text:
Vicky Cornell Offers First TV Interview Since Chris Cornell's Death
Jeff Giles Published: February 21, 2018
Jason Merritt, Getty Images
Chris Cornell's widow, Vicky Cornell, has given her first on-camera interview since the late Soundgarden singer's death last May, offering her thoughts regarding his struggle with addiction and how it may have affected his state of mind during his final days.
Speaking with ABC News correspondent Robin Roberts for a segment aired during the Feb. 21 broadcast of Good Morning America, Cornell insisted that the man she knew wasn't given to the sort of stereotypical rock-star excess that's led other artists to an early grave. "My husband was the furthest thing from a rock-star junkie. He just wasn't," she told Roberts. "He was the best husband, the greatest father. I lost my soulmate and the love of my life."
Cornell has been outspoken regarding the role she believes prescription medication played in her husband's suicide, and she underscored that position in her interview. "He wanted to be there for his family, for his children. He loved his life ... he would never have ever left this world," she added. "I don't think that he could make any decisions because of the level of impairment."
Like many survivors, Cornell also acknowledged that she struggles with guilt over whether she should have paid more attention to his behavior during the days leading up to his death. Ultimately, while she said she can see signs of trouble in retrospect, the biggest lesson — and the one she tried imparting through her Good Morning America appearance — is the insidious nature of addiction.
"People think that addiction is like, 'Oh, you were an addict.' I was, I feel, guilty of the same thing," Cornell admitted. "You think addiction is a choice. And it's not."
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Source: Vicky Cornell Offers First TV Interview Since Chris Cornell's Death
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I will never hold your hand again.
I will never hear your voice call me again.
Now the part of you inside me is stone.
I will never hold you again.
I will never talk to you again.
and the part of you I carried has died.


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AUDIO of Attorney General Herring's remarks.
VIDEO of Attorney General Herring's remarks.
ATTORNEY GENERAL HERRING AND LEGISLATORS INTRODUCE BILLS TO REDUCE HEROIN AND PRESCRIPTION DRUG FATALITIES
~ Bipartisan package to encourage overdose reporting and hold dealers accountable has support of major law enforcement organizations ~
RICHMOND (January 20, 2015)--In response to a troubling statewide spike in heroin and prescription drug overdose fatalities, Attorney General Mark R. Herring and a bipartisan group of Virginia legislators have introduced important legislation to save lives and hold drug dealers accountable. According to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, heroin overdose fatalities in Virginia have more than doubled from 100 deaths in 2011 to 213 deaths in 2013, while an additional 468 Virginians died from prescription drug overdose in 2013. Between 2011 and 2013, every region of the state experienced an increase in heroin fatalities, including a 164% increase in Northern Virginia, a 94% increase in Hampton Roads, and a 50% increase in the Richmond metro area.
"Too many Virginians are losing loved ones to heroin and prescription drug overdose. I don't want one more parent to bury a child, or one more child to lose a parent, because of these drugs," said Attorney General Herring. "The goal of these bills is to save lives. This is a complicated problem that will require education, prevention, treatment, and enforcement at the local, state, and federal level. We've worked hard with law enforcement, prosecutors, and advocates over the last few months to make sure these bills will be effective and useful. This is just one step, but we think it's an important one in turning the tide against heroin and prescription drug fatalities."
In September, Attorney General Herring announced a 5-part plan to address heroin and prescription drug fatalities. It included a number of legislative proposals that have been refined through extensive outreach and work with legislators, prosecutors, and law enforcement. The legislation has been endorsed by the Fraternal Order of Police, the Virginia Sheriffs' Association, the Virginia Association of Chiefs of Police, and the Virginia Association of Commonwealth's Attorneys.
The bills are:
Safe Reporting (Good Samaritan provision)--Carr/O'Bannon/Rust (HB1500) This bill would encourage reporting of overdoses in progress by establishing an affirmative defense for minor possession or intoxication crimes if a person reports an overdose, remains on the scene, and identifies themselves as the reporter. Safe reporting provisions currently exist in 21 other states and the District of Columbia.
Drug-induced Homicide--Miller (HB1638) This bill would give prosecutors a tool to hold drug dealers accountable when their drugs lead to an overdose death. Currently these cases are almost always taken to the federal level--including by cross-designated prosecutors from the Office of Attorney General--because Virginia law makes convictions very difficult.
Statewide Naloxone Expansion--Carr/O'Bannon (HB1458) Naloxone is a prescription drug that counteracts the effects of a heroin or prescription opioid overdose. This bill would expand the current naloxone pilot project to authorize naloxone use by any law enforcement agency in the Commonwealth. It would also provide immunity to law enforcement who administer the drug. Similar authorization currently exists in 23 states. According to the Centers for Disease Control, naloxone successfully reversed more than 10,000 overdoses between 1996 and 2010.
Prescription Monitoring Program-- Howell (SB817) This bill will allow probation officers to access Virginia's Prescription Monitoring Program to ensure their probationers are not getting opioid prescriptions they are not authorized to have.
Bill sponsors and law enforcement officials from across the state offered the following statements on the scope of the heroin and prescription drug crisis in Virginia and the package of legislation to help address it:
Delegate Thomas Davis Rust (Co-Sponsor of HB1500, Safe Reporting)
"We are seeing an epidemic of prescription drug and heroin fatalities across the state, and in particular in Northern Virginia. If we can help encourage the reporting of overdoses in progress, we can get that person help, save a life, and set them on a path towards recovery."
Delegate Betsy Carr (Co-Sponsor of HB1500, Safe Reporting and HB1548 Naloxone)
"The prescription drug and heroin overdose rates throughout our Commonwealth are alarming. It is my hope that my bill, HB1500, when passed will encourage individuals or their loved ones experiencing an overdose to seek timely medical attention. We want to increase calls to 911 and decrease deaths from overdoses."
Delegate Jackson Miller (Sponsor of HB1638, Drug Induced Homicide)
"This amendment to the state's felony homicide statute will help law enforcement and prosecutors hold dealers accountable when their drugs lead to the death of a Virginian. There is still much work to be done to combat heroin and prescription drug abuse, but by holding dealers accountable for the full consequences of their actions, we can help slow the flood of cheap, dangerous drugs on our streets."
Richmond Chief of Police Ray Tarasovic and Commonwealth's Attorney Mike Herring
"The enforcement work group is an unprecedented collaboration of front -line stakeholders in the fight against heroin and prescription drug abuse. Drawing from the various perspectives of emergency response, criminal justice, medicine, treatment and advocacy, the work group made several important recommendations on ways to enhance our efforts to avoid the tragedy of drug overdose. The recommendations included: (1) immunity for first responders who administer Nalaxone; (2) enhanced penalties for persons who sell schedule 1 or 2 drugs that result in the death of the user; and (3) increased law enforcement access to the prescription drug registry. The Attorney General's legislative proposals for preventive, investigative and prosecutorial enhancements reflect the work group's consensus that a holistic, coordinated effort will best save lives."
Virginia Beach Chief of Police Jim Cervera
"It is encouraging to see lawmakers really put their heads together and work on a solution to fight the heroin epidemic that has shaken our Commonwealth. We all know by now that the heroin death rate has more than doubled in recent years - and this is just not an area where law enforcement can deal with the problem alone. To beat the heroin epidemic, educators, behavioral health experts, police, parents, communities and lawmakers must work together. So on behalf of the Va. Beach Police Department, we are encouraged with this package of legislation that provides a multi faceted approach to the problem. This is what being smart on crime is all about."
Roanoke Chief of Police Chris Perkins
"Heroin not only damages the lives of the people using the drug, but heroin damages the lives of the users family, friends, co-workers and everyone in our community. The Commonwealth of Virginia must take a balanced approach in dealing with threat posed by drug abuse. We must provide sufficient legal protections for those seeking medical treatment for overdose and dependency, while criminalizing the negligent behavior of those who would act recklessly in supplying this drug. Heroin has re-emerged and it is now marketed in such a way that its popularity has started to surpassed many of the most commonly used drugs. We must stop it now before impacts generations of Virginians."
Loudoun County Sheriff Mike Chapman
"Heroin overdoses are taking way too many lives throughout Virginia. We need to aggressively target this problem through enforcement, prevention and education. A proactive and comprehensive approach that combines law enforcement with community resources will help get this problem under control."
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