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The Ascent of Man: Theoretical and Empirical Evidence for Blatant Dehumanization
Nour Kteily
Emile Bruneau, University of PennsylvaniaFollow
Adam Waytz
Sarah Cotterill
10.1037/pspp0000048
Dehumanization is a central concept in the study of intergroup relations. Yet although theoretical and methodological advances in subtle, "everyday" dehumanization have progressed rapidly, blatant dehumanization remains understudied. The present research attempts to refocus theoretical and empirical attention on blatant dehumanization, examining when and why it provides explanatory power beyond subtle dehumanization. To accomplish this, we introduce and validate a blatant measure of dehumanization based on the popular depiction of evolutionary progress in the "Ascent of Man." We compare blatant dehumanization to established conceptualizations of subtle and implicit dehumanization, including infrahumanization, perceptions of human nature and human uniqueness, and implicit associations between ingroup–outgroup and human–animal concepts. Across 7 studies conducted in 3 countries, we demonstrate that blatant dehumanization is (a) more strongly associated with individual differences in support for hierarchy than subtle or implicit dehumanization, (b) uniquely predictive of numerous consequential attitudes and behaviors toward multiple outgroup targets, (c) predictive above prejudice, and (d) reliable over time. Finally, we show that blatant—but not subtle—dehumanization spikes immediately after incidents of real intergroup violence and strongly predicts support for aggressive actions like torture and retaliatory violence (after the Boston Marathon bombings and Woolwich attacks in England). This research extends theory on the role of dehumanization in intergroup relations and intergroup conflict and provides an intuitive, validated empirical tool to reliably measure blatant dehumanization.
Copyright/Permission Statement
© American Psychological Association, 2015. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000048
dehumanization, infrahumanization, intergroup relations, conflict, social dominance orientation
Kteily, N., Bruneau, E., Waytz, A., & Cotterill, S. (2015). The Ascent of Man: Theoretical and Empirical Evidence for Blatant Dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109 (5), 901-931. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000048
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Experimental states challenge the traditional conception of the "nation-state." Today people form new "countries" in cyberspace, on small islands and on ships out in the sea, offering citizenships and passports to the "inhabitants." These experimental states provide arenas for trade, tax avoidance, leisure, cyber fantasy, as well as outlets for political discontent. Some countries have even set up embassies in the virtual world of Second Life. Experimental states are increasing in membership and popularity. This page follows this development.
This Der Spiegel piece analyzes the growth of the virtual world Second Life and its accompanying complexities, terming it a "virtual nation-state." The author cites legal questions under consideration by a court in the Netherlands to determine whether virtual child abuse is an offense punishable in courts. The recent rise in the use of the virtual world by politicians and online "terrorists" demonstrates that questions will continue to be raised over how to regulate virtual behavior in the real world.
The Principality of Sealand, an experimental state located off the coast of the UK, has been put up for sale by its "royal family." As Swedish internet file sharing firm Pirate Bay is trying to purchase the microstate, this OUT-LAW News article argues it will not succeed in its efforts. According to the author, if Pirate Bay acquired Sealand, London would most likely intervene as such an action would transform Sealand from a relatively harmless "nation" into a haven for a company looking to evade copyright laws on pirated software.
Freedom Ship International has made key additions to its corporate management staff, in order to move the company into the next phase – the building of the vessel "Freedom Ship." The vessel will contain "luxurious residential, commercial, and resort communities in an attractive environment."


To say that I love what I do on the air would be an understatement. "24/7 FUN" is just that for me! Every show is a labor of love and quite often it\'s taken me 24 hours to prepare for each show! When I say that I eat, sleep, and live this stuff is a literal statement.
I've never studied music formally but rather as a hobby since I was a child so much of what you hear has been deeply embedded in my persona. All the background info is often based on real life experience. When folks like Stephen Stills is coming over to our house to visit my Dad, I have learned things that I'm sure has never been documented and of course I'm happy to share them on the air with you!


Figure depicting the stomach, in Ivan Pavlov's The Work of the Digestive Glands.
What most people don't know is that Pavlov never meant to get involved with psychology. Pavlov's laboratory focused on physiology. Specifically, he investigated how the parts of the digestive system of dogs responded to different foods and stimuli. The methods his lab are best known for creating long-term access to different parts of the system to monitor what was getting secreted and when. The laboratory workers did this by surgically placing tubes and other collection devices on various places in dogs. Some of these tubes were in the dog's stomachs, some were in their small intestines, and some were even in the dog's mouths.
Pavlov was a skilled surgeon. His technical skill allowed him to put these tubes into the digestive tract of dogs and let them continue eating and digesting relatively normally. This access allowed observation of the working system unlike ever before possible. This access helped Pavlov to discover and describe the mechanism of action of many digestive enzymes.
Some of the surgeries required were quite complex. One of them involved separating layers of the stomach while leaving critical nerves intact, and creating a pouch from which to obtain secretions. This pouch allowed the scientists to collect the secretions without getting any contamination from the food coming in from above (see image).
The tubes placed in the dogs' mouths would collect saliva that the dog would secrete before, during, and after eating. Pavlov and his lab's researchers noticed that dogs would start salivating at the sight of the worker who usually fed them. Since these were not in response to anything physically in the digestive tract, Pavlov and his team referred to these as "psychic secretions." Pavlov was fascinated by the fact that a process in the dog's brain could result in a physiological change in its digestive tract. Pavlov described psychic secretions as conditional responses, which writers mistranslated as conditioned responses. The difference in that suffix is important—one means the salivation was dependent on the worker's presence, and the other means that the worker's presence absolutely trains the salivation—but the mistranslation stuck.
Pavlov summarized the era of his work on digestive physiology leading up to the description of psychic secretions in a collection of nine lectures. These lectures were transcribed and eventually translated by William H. Thompson in 1902. The Work of the Digestive Glands collected in writing most of the work that would earn Pavlov a Nobel Prize in 1904. The Leo J. McCarthy, MD, History of Medicine Room and Collection at the Ruth Lilly Medical Library of the IU School of Medicine is fortunate to have a copy of this English translation on its shelves. It is lovely to feel the pages of this 116-year-old book and think of all the physicians and students this book has helped. After all, the idea that the nervous system is what ultimately controlled digestion opened the doors to psychological study. If a conditional reflex could affect the conditions of the digestive tract, what other psychic reflexes could influence our physiology? Pavlov paved the way for description and treatment of anxiety disorders and emotional disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder.
Winning the Nobel Prize transformed Ivan Pavlov into a scientific celebrity in the Russian Empire and abroad. This fame gave him extraordinary freedom in what he studied and with whom he exchanged information. He was able to maintain scientific ties with people all over the world, at a time when the world was not so connected. It allowed him to shift the focus of his work from the physiology of digestion to focus on these newly described psychic secretions.
Pavlov's laboratory was efficient and prolific. Daniel Todes described it as a "physiology factory." His laboratory system worked well and was replicated in America by Dr. Horsley Gantt, who created the Pavlovian Society. Over his 62 years of scientific life, Pavlov published 204 scientific articles. Along with his extensive publications on physiology and psychology, and his lasting legacy in Russia, the Pavlovian Society in America serves to continue the tradition of the Pavlovian system.
Ivan Pavlov's contributions to psychology are significant and vital, but it's essential to remember physiology was his first love. It was in this field that he received his highest scientific award. The celebrity he gained from this award allowed him to enjoy scientific and personal freedom granted too few in his time. Pavlov's ability to specialize and shift the focus of his research from Physiology to Psychology is analogous to Jean-Martin Charcot (Neurology/Psychology), Sigmund Freud (Neurology/Psychoanalysis), and Pierre Janet (Psychology/Psychiatry). In his lifetime, Pavlov was able to describe much of what we know about the enzymes of digestion, win a Nobel Prize with the help of his laboratory, lay the foundation for a new direction in psychological conditioning, and develop a system of research that could be passed down for generations.
 Buser, Pierre. "Slowly Forgetting the Pavlovian Adventure?" Comptes Rendus Biologies 329, no. 5 (May 2006): 398–405. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2006.03.010.
 Cambiaghi, Marco, and Benedetto Sacchetti. "Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936)." Journal of Neurology 262, no. 6 (June 2015): 1599–1600. doi:10.1007/s00415-015-7743-2.
 Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich. The Work of the Digestive Glands. Translated by William H Thompson. London: Charles Griffin & Company, Limited, 1902.
 Nobel Media AB. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904." NobelPrize.org. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1904/summary/ (accessed October 7, 2018).
 Tansey, E M. "Pavlov at Home and Abroad: His Role in International Physiology." Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical 125, no. 1 (April 2006): 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.01.013.
 Todes, Daniel P. "Pavlov's Physiology Factory." Isis 88, no. 2 (1997): 205–46. Pavlov, 1902.
 Ivan Pavlov, The Work of the Digestive Glands, translated by William H. Thompson. London: Charles Griffin & Company, Limited, 1902, p. 13.


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Aaron Spelling
Aaron Scotus
List of Lost characters
Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his successes include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976-81), The Love Boat (1977-86), Dynasty (1981-89), and Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990-2000)
As of 2009, Spelling, through his eponymous production company Spelling Television, holds the record as the most prolific television writer and producer in US television history, with 218 producer and executive producer credits.Forbes ranked him the 11th top-earning deceased celebrity in 2009.
Spelling was born in Dallas, Texas. He was the son of Pearl (née Wald) and David Spelling, who were Jewish immigrants from Poland. His father worked as a tailor and changed his surname from Spurling to Spelling after immigrating to the United States. Spelling had three brothers: Sam, Max, and Daniel, and a sister, Becky.
At the age of eight, Spelling psychosomatically lost the use of his legs due to trauma caused by constant bullying from his schoolmates, and was confined to bed for a year. He made a full recovery.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Aaron_Spelling
In the Hebrew Bible and the Quran, Aaron אַהֲרֹן (UK /ˈɛərən/, US /ˈærən/) was the older brother of Moses (Exodus 6:16-20, 7:7; Qur'an 28:34) and a prophet of God. Unlike Moses, who grew up in the Egyptian royal court, Aaron and his elder sister Miriam remained with their kinsmen in the eastern border-land of Egypt (Goshen). When Moses first confronted the Egyptian king about the Israelites, Aaron served as his brother's spokesman ("prophet") to Pharaoh. (Exodus 7:1) Part of the Law (Torah) that Moses received from God at Sinai granted Aaron the priesthood for himself and his male descendants, and he became the first High Priest of the Israelites. Various dates for his life have been proposed, ranging from approximately 1600 to 1200 BC. Aaron died before the Israelites crossed the Jordan river and he was buried on Mount Hor (Numbers 33:39; Deuteronomy 10:6 says he died and was buried at Moserah). Aaron is also mentioned in the New Testament of the Bible.
Account in the Hebrew Bible
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Aaron
Aaron Scotus, Irish abbot and musician, fl. late 10th century – 14 December 1052.
Aaron was an Irish abbot and music theorist, the term Scotus at the time denoting Irish (person).
St. Martin's of Cologne
A Benedictine, Scotus was the abbot of St. Martin, Cologne, Germany in the year 1042. He pilgrimaged in his youth to Colonia to the Gaelic-Irish convent of St. Martin. He became abbot of the same in 1042. He was identified with Aaron, abbot of St. Pantaleon. Today historians reject this identification.
Work as a composer
It is believed that he first introduced the Gregorian evening service (nocturns) into Germany. He authored two historically important treaties: De utilitate cantus vocalis et de modo cantandi atque psallendi and De regulis tonorum et symphoniarum. The library of St. Martin, Cologne conserves his work Tractatum de utilitate cantus vocalis et de modo cantandi atque psallendi. He wrote three musical treatises, all of which have been lost.
Aaron died on December 14, 1052.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Aaron_Scotus
The characters from the American drama/adventure television series Lost were created by Damon Lindelof and J. J. Abrams. The series follows the lives of plane crash survivors on a mysterious tropical island, after a commercial passenger jet from the fictional Oceanic Airlines crashes somewhere in the South Pacific. Each episode typically features a primary storyline on the island as well as a secondary storyline, a flashback from another point in a character's life.
Out of the 324 people on board Oceanic Flight 815, there are 71 initial survivors (70 humans and one dog) spread across the three sections of the plane crash. The opening season featured 14 regular speaking roles, making it the largest cast in American prime time television when it premiered.
Casting and development
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/List_of_Lost_characters
'Aaron Spelling' is featured as a movie character in the following productions:
Dynasty: The Making of a Guilty Pleasure (2005)
Actors: John Boxer (actor), Adrian Brown (actor), Tim Campbell (actor), Allan Chapple (actor), Jamie Cohen (actor), Robert Coleby (actor), Tim Draxl (actor), Lewis Fitz-Gerald (actor), Nick Flint (actor), Troy Follington (actor), Julian Garner (actor), John Gregg (actor), Nicholas Hammond (actor), Phillip Hinton (actor), John Atkinson (actor),
Taglines: A rags to b*tches tale.
Behind the Camera: The Unauthorized Story of 'Charlie's Angels' (2004)
Actors: Bruce Altman (actor), Orson Bean (actor), JR Bourne (actor), Barry Bowman (actor), Blue Braun (actor), Eric Breker (actor), Ben Browder (actor), Tom Bulmer (actor), Geoff Callan (actor), Dan Castellaneta (actor), Denis Corbett (actor), John DeSantis (actor), Bill Dow (actor), Ray Galletti (actor), Tony Alcantar (actor),
David Doyle: [reacting to the news of Farrah Fawcett-Majors leaving the show] Well, first I'm checking my bank account, and then if we get cancelled, I'm gonna go burn her house down!
Kate Jackson: [offended by a script calling for the girls to go undercover as catsuit-wearing gentleman's club hostesses] We're private dicks, not purring pussies!
Fred Silverman: If it doesn't improve, or pulls low numbers, not even God will be able to save your angels.
Vice President ABC Standards and Practices: The issue is nipples.::Aaron Spelling: Nipples?::Vice President ABC Standards and Practices: We're seeing nipples. Noticable, conspicuous nipples. We can't put nipples on our network.::Aaron Spelling: You're referring to the fact that Farrah sometimes doesn't wear a bra?::Vice President ABC Standards and Practices: We counted seven episodes and nineteen instances in which nipples were clearly apparent.
Vice President ABC Standards and Practices: We must stop nipple protrusion on ABC.
David Doyle: You know, if, eh, if Time wanted to put Bosley on the cover, well, I'll give up my lunch hour.::ABC Marketing Executive: Yeah. Thanks.
Aaron Spelling: A wiser man than I once said: Imitation is the sincerest form of television. [laughs]
Lee Majors: I used to have a wife gave me great backrubs. Yeah, those were the days.::Farrah Fawcett-Majors: Let's not fight...::Lee Majors: She found another guy: Charlie. What's that som'bitch got that I don't?
Spelling, Aaron Filmography
Split Decision
2006, role: producer
The 3rd Annual TV Land Awards
2005, role: actor , character name: Himself
TV Guide Close Up: From Comedy Club to Primetime
101 Biggest Celebrity Oops
2004, role: actor , character name: Himself - #95: Shannen Doherty: Spelling Mistakes
The Desilu Story
TV's Most Memorable Weddings
The Law and Mr. Lee
Inside TV Land: Style and Fashion
Queens Supreme
Charlie's Angels: TV Tales
Inside TV Land: African Americans in Television
Inside TV Land: Taboo TV
Gala Paramount Pictures Celebrates 90th Anniversary with 90 Stars for 90 Years
The Love Boat: TV Tales
Stop at Nothing
The 70s: The Decade That Changed Television
The Women of Charmed
The Mod Squad
Entertainment Tonight Presents: Charlie's Angels - Uncovered
Love Boat: The Next Wave
Beverly Hills, 90210: Our Favorite Moments
All-Star Party for Aaron Spelling
Buddy Faro
Playboy: Farrah Fawcett, All of Me
After Jimmy
A Season in Purgatory
Crosstown Traffic
Green Dolphin Beat
Jane's House
Love on the Run
The 46th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards
1994, role: actor , character name: Himself - Winner: Outstanding Made for Television Movie
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Written by Juan Pappier and Liz Evenson
On October 28, the International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutor, Karim Khan, on a visit to Bogota, announced that his office is closing down its preliminary examination in the country. The decision was cast as heralding a new chapter in the ICC's support for national justice. But given the fragile transitional justice system in Colombia, the ICC's decision to step back now raises concerns that it could undermine victims' access to justice.
Colombia has endured over 50 years of armed conflict between government forces and non-state armed groups. Military personnel and other state agents, paramilitary groups, and guerrillas—notably the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN)—have committed thousands of grave international crimes. In 2016, as part of their peace negotiations, the Colombian government and the FARC reached an Agreement on the Victims of the Conflict as part of their peace talks. Among other measures, the agreement provided for a "Special Jurisdiction for Peace" to investigate and prosecute international crimes and other human rights violations committed in the context of the armed conflict.
The ICC preliminary examination
The prosecutor's preliminary examination aimed to determine whether or not a full ICC investigation was merited. There was no question that the crimes were serious enough to attract the court's scrutiny. They included war crimes by armed groups and as many at 6,000 extrajudicial executions known as "false positives," in which members of the military allegedly killed innocent people to boost their body count during the years of fighting.
But the ICC is a court of last resort, deferring to genuine national proceedings. Colombian authorities have undertaken a range of domestic initiatives over the years for accountability. As a result, the ICC prosecutor's office for several years had been monitoring national proceedings to determine whether it needed to step in.
Most recently, the government established the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, in charge of handling "grave violations of human rights and international human rights law." The special jurisdiction, set up under a constitutional amendment, has a mandate over atrocities committed by FARC guerrillas and members of the Colombian armed forces, amongst others.
Proceedings before the Special Jurisdiction for Peace
Proceedings before the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, set up in 2017, remain at an early stage. The critical issue of detailing the punishment, known as "special sanctions," that will be imposed by the tribunal, if and when people accept responsibility and are convicted, remains unaddressed. To be sure, there have been landmark steps forward in the past year such as Special Jurisdiction charges against 26 individuals, including a former general and several colonels, for "false positive" killings and against eight former senior FARC commanders for hostage taking and connected crimes.
But judicial authorities have made little significant progress regarding other crimes previously covered under the ICC's preliminary examination, including sexual and gender-based crimes and offenses relating to the promotion and expansion of paramilitary groups.
Critically, the transitional justice system remains fragile. Former President Álvaro Uribe, a mentor of the current president, Iván Duque, and governing party leader, has recently proposed an "amnesty" and something "almost like a clean slate." Uribe later proposed reforming the Special Jurisdiction and reducing prison sentences for members of the military.
These proposals are part of a pattern of efforts by the governing party, the Democratic Center, to undermine progress at the Special Jurisdiction, including by vetoing legislation that is critical for its operation, proposing reforms to seemingly undermine the work of the justice system, and making statements that appear designed to smear or intimidate the Special Jurisdiction and undermine the legitimacy of its decisions.
The Office of the Prosecutor's changed approach
Against this complex backdrop, the former ICC prosecutor, Fatou Bensouda, whose nine-year term was completed in June and who had inherited the examination from her predecessor, had initiated a consultation process. The aim of the process was to develop benchmarks that would allow the Office of the Prosecutor to determine whether to close the preliminary examination and defer to national proceedings, or open ICC investigations in the absence of national justice.
Instead of proceeding with this framework, Khan's decision to close now was accompanied by a cooperation agreement signed by Khan and President Duque aimed at safeguarding the progress made under the Special Jurisdiction. If the Colombian government violates the agreement, it could lead the ICC prosecutor to reconsider the decision to close the preliminary examination and to seek to open an investigation.
The agreement with Colombia was concluded with little to no genuine consultation with civil society organizations and victims' associations, although some have welcomed the prosecutor's decision to close the preliminary examination. By the time Khan met with civil society groups and victims' representatives in Bogotá, his decision to close the preliminary examination with a cooperation agreement had already been leaked to the press and made public.
The cooperation agreement
The agreement itself — seven short articles — lacks the teeth a benchmarking approach might have offered. The key provisions are in articles 1 and 6.
Article 1 requires the Colombian government "without prejudice to the separation of powers" to allow the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, as well as the ordinary courts and an earlier transitional justice process provided for through the Justice and Peace Law, to proceed without interference and to provide adequate financial resources to the courts and security for all participants in these processes. It also requires the government to promote cooperation between the ordinary justice system and the Special Jurisdiction.
Article 6 provides that the prosecutor may reopen the preliminary examination should the government undertake:
"measures that might significantly hamper the progress and/or genuineness of relevant proceedings and the enforcement of effective and proportionate penal sanctions of a retributive and restorative nature; initiatives resulting in major obstructions to the mandate and/or proper functioning of relevant jurisdictions; or any suspension or revision of the judicial scheme set forth in the peace agreement in a manner that might delay or obstruct the conduct of genuine national proceedings."
The agreement restates, on the one hand, the Colombian government's constitutional and international obligations, and, on the other hand, the tests applicable to determining when the ICC has jurisdiction.
It is unclear whether the risk of re-opening the preliminary examination will suffice to ensure Colombia's meaningful cooperation. The Office of the Prosecutor has acknowledged that at certain points it was clear that Colombia authorities were doing nothing more than the minimum to "keep the ICC at bay," not to advance justice. This seems even more likely to occur in the absence of a preliminary examination.
Article 2 of the agreement provides that the government "will continue to keep the Office of the Prosecutor informed of the progress of the investigations and prosecutions" and "facilitate access to relevant records and documentation…. subject to the requirements of Colombian law and the Rome Statute." But in the past Colombian authorities failed to provide information to the OTP, arguing that they do not have a duty to share any information with the OTP prior to an investigation and that the information was confidential under Colombian law.
Limiting the Office of the Prosecutor's leverage
By stepping back without requiring more from the Colombian government, the ICC prosecutor risks failing to make the most of its investment in the country. That investment has yielded some positive developments for justice. The ICC succeeded in catalyzing positive steps in Colombia, particularly in countering legislative proposals that could set back accountability efforts. These include attempts to undermine progress by the Special Jurisdiction. We believe the office could have done more to have greater effect in prompting prosecutions in the country's ordinary jurisdiction, particularly against high-level officers involved in "false positive" killings.
Our research suggests that the ICC's influence is likely to be the most constructive where authorities are concerned that it could open an investigation if there isn't sufficient progress nationally. While that influence has been taxed by the protracted nature of the preliminary examination in Colombia, recent steps — like the office's identification of potential cases and submissions to the Constitutional Court — have demonstrated a more active approach. Closure now removes one important factor that, on a complex and multi-layered landscape, has resulted in forward, if incremental and inconsistent, movement on accountability through Colombian mechanisms.
It's true that some ICC states parties have insisted in recent years on time limits for preliminary examinations. But concluding that Colombia's preliminary examination has been too long because it has lasted 17 years is an oversimplification. Unlike some other preliminary examinations, the examination in Colombia covered a wide range of international crimes occurring in different periods, often in a complex environment for accountability.
Indeed, the examination was originally focused on abuses by armed groups and their allies in government. The army's "false positive" killings — one of the priorities of the preliminary examination in recent years — took place well after the examination began. And the 2012-2016 peace process generated a difficult terrain for the ICC, narrowing opportunities for a more confrontational approach lest it be viewed as spoiling the peace. Simply put, Colombia's preliminary examination has been one and many.
Insisting on strict limits for preliminary examinations is also short-sighted. The ICC prosecutor can have a powerful role to play in some situations to catalyze national justice. This will not be applicable in all situations and should not distract from the primary purpose of an examination, that is, to determine if the ICC prosecutor should act to open an investigation.
But in some situations, ongoing robust engagement by the office can stimulate national action. This, and not the length of the preliminary examinations, is a better proxy for their effectiveness and is key to hopes for the court's broad impact. Pressure to conclude the ICC's engagement prematurely when it comes to preliminary examinations misses the fundamental nature of the ICC's Rome Statute founding treaty, as creating a system for justice, and not simply a courtroom in The Hague.
It remains to be seen whether the ICC prosecutor's refashioning of the office's role in Colombia will continue to advance prospects for victims in Colombia to have their day in court.
Juan Pappier is a Senior Americas researcher at Human Rights Watch.
More Articles by Juan Pappier
Does the FARC still exist? Challenges in Assessing Colombia's 'Post Conflict' under Inte...
Three years ago last month, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas formally completed demobilization, marking the end of their 53-year conflict with the…


text:
Reading Through the Funny Pages
by Steve Smith , Staff Writer @popeyesm, December 30, 2009
"So what have you been reading," my erudite friend asks. I know already how I am supposed to answer this question. I have fallen in with a bad intellectual crowd in recent years, and it threatens to erode my pop culture street cred. This gang of NPR-listening, left-leaning, grad-schooled, crossword puzzle-solvers still reads newspapers, for God's sake! I know that I am supposed to rhapsodize on Colum McCann or Jonathan Lethem's latest fictional tributes to New York living. After all, eggheads in my neighborhood like to think that northern Delaware is actually a bedroom suburb of Manhattan. I could try to fake it and say that I have been reading all of those well-reviewed contemplative novels by MFA types that explore the hidden angst of the upper-middle class literary life. But all of those writers blur in head, as indistinguishable as yet another blonde ingénue on the red carpet. I know I am being a Neanderthal, but Jayne Anne Phillips, Lorrie Moore, and Mary Karr fade into one another for me the same way Chloe Sevigny, Kristen Bell, and Hilary Duff seem like the same person. If I dare to slum I might suggests that the new Stieg Larsson thriller is good, because if you have to read a bestseller, then at least it can be written by a Swede... and a dead one at that.
Truth be told, I am deep into 30s and 40s comic strips right now. "I am going through the Sea Hag sequence in E.C. Segar's 'Popeye' strip," I tell my friend. "I just got through the Pruneface episodes in 'Dick Tracy' from the war years and now I am drilling into the great Cosmic City storyline in 'Little Orphan Annie' from 1933." My polite friends are suitably patronizing and smoothly move me to safer chit chat... like what do I think of that subtitled foreign documentary on the plight of Gaza residents.
But if we stayed on my preferred topic I could go on about my growing interest in the way that a classic American pop art form, the comics, are migrating to mobile. On this last day of 2009, it is fitting to contemplate how that last glorious page of the sinking newspaper medium could find a new home on mobile phones. Syndicators like UClick's GoComics have been bringing "Garfield" and "Bone" among many others to phones for a while. There is a very fine dedicated "Dilbert" app. While I am not sure they are fully licensed, you can find "Doonesbury" and "Calvin and Hobbes" via Android apps. And there is a ton of Japanese manga, all kinds of graphic novels and digitized comic books now coming into a range of mobile devices. The Sony PSP now has a dedicated digital comics application and special section in the downloads store where Marvel, IDW and other publishers sell comic books by the issue.
Marketers should take note of the mobile comics niche, because this mode of communication probably maps better against the unique properties of a handheld medium than does the miniaturized Web sites, photos and text on which we rely. In format, frequency, and brevity, the comic strip is made for mobile. The portrait orientation of most phones is perfect for the frame-by-frame structure of comics. In some ways the phone actually improves on the newspaper experience. Generally, a smart phone display doubles or triples the size of a typical panel printed in a newspaper, so the reader actually sees the line work that creates a cartoonist's world view. The rhythm of a mobile comic also improves upon the print form. The iPhone Dilbert app lets you isolate the panel from the strip, so you swipe each frame and get surprised by the comic effect cartoonists thrive upon. The content comes to you daily and in short snacks that fit the situation of on-the-go media consumption.
Note to marketers. You want a winner? Partner with the syndicate behind Gary Larson's brilliant and discontinued "Far Side" one-panels. Re-issue them in an app and mobile Web. Send me a daily SMS or iPhone alert that kicks me into the day's panel. I would gladly watch a full-page interstitial on your product in exchange for this delicious content. Better still, take the lead of this medium and consider using the comic strip format to communicate with consumers. You techies can correct me if I am wrong but wouldn't MMS be a perfect channel for delivering at least one-panel dailies? The marriage between marketing and comics is long, from Buster Brown shoes to Snoopy and MetLife. The mobile platform offers us unique ways to refresh the relationship.
But the role of visual media on handsets runs deeper than that. Mobile is introducing some cool innovations not only to the comics form but to media generally. Comics reader apps have started to become more sophisticated in zooming in and scanning across a full-page of artwork. In order to replicate the reading of a modern graphic novel (which often breaks the rigid panel format) you need software that pans and magnifies artwork intelligently and with a dramatic rhythm. In the Sony PSP digital comics reader an "Auto Flow" technique moves the camera across the most relevant pieces of the magnified page. By controlling point-of-view and eye movement in the limited frame of a handheld display these readers may be flexing a new aesthetic muscle for all mobile communicators. The PSP also just introduced the graphic novel voiceover commentary. The creators of the series "Wormwood" provide a DVD-like extra soundtrack of reflection on their creation that the mobile viewer can turn on or off while reading the comic. There are unique aesthetic effects germinating in here and I wonder if someone from the media or marketing worlds will make something of them.
I have no idea where these experiments in technology and form could head. But I do know that every new medium, from newspapers to film to radio and TV, really take off when we create new modes of expression that leverage the unique limitations and attributes of the technology and speak to the ways in which the medium is consumed. It is hard for me to believe that Web sites and apps, banner ads and on-the-go TV, really exhaust the possibilities for mobile media or even tap its discrete strengths. The kind of play that is going on at the fringes of mobile media now (even in rethinking classic forms like comics), may get us closer to growing mobile into a real medium.
mobile, newspapers
Steve Smith is the Editorial Director, Events at MediaPost where he oversees all OMMA and Insider Summit event content. He is also the longtime Mobile Insider/MoBlog columnist for Mobile Marketing Daily. A recovering academic who taught media studies at Brown and University of Virginia, he spent the last decade as a digital media critic for numerous publications and as a digital strategy consultant. He also writes for Media Industry Newsletter and eContent magazine. Contact him here.
Marketing In-App September 18, 2019
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Our diesel exhaust fluid, Blue Sky Def 32.5, is produced from 32.5% high purity synthetic urea, and 67.5% deionized water. It is colorless, nonflammable, and nontoxic. Manufactured for use in trucks, passenger vehicles, construction, and agricultural equipment, it prevents SCR breakdown, improves fuel efficiency, and cuts nitrogen oxide emissions. Full product information is included on the 32.5% Product Data Sheet, along with additional information regarding water solubility, the evaporation rate, and ISO compliance specifications.
Safety data information is essential for any chemical substance, and we provide the 32.5% Safety Data Sheet for our customers to identify hazards, health and safety precautions, and compatibility properties.
High-grade urea is essential in the production of DEF, but it is also safe to use for wastewater treatment and power generation. The 40% Safety Data Sheet offers hazard and precautionary warnings for health and safety of those handling the product, as well as firefighting measures, product handling during an accidental release, first aid procedures, and other pertinent and necessary safety information.


While two have been convicted in the horric murder of Charleston's Kate Waring, NBC's Dateline is deepening the story for us in Charleston and sharing the story of Kate and her tragic end with the nation in a video profile.
The segment aired on October 7 on TV, but you can watch it in 11 parts on Dateline's website.
Click over here to watch the whole thing, and the individual parts are linked to below.
Strangers on a Train, Part 1: Beautiful twenty-eight year old Kate Waring mysteriously disappears. Dateline NBC's Keith Morrison reports.
Strangers on a Train, Part 2: Police investigate Kate's disappearance and the friends who last saw her alive.
Strangers on a Train, Part 3: Kate's parents, frantic to find their daughter, enlist the help of a team of private eyes.
Strangers on a Train, Part 4: The private eyes working for Kate's family put two suspects under surveillance.
Strangers on a Train, Part 5: The Waring family investigators fear their chief suspects might flee and must find a way to keep tabs on them.
Strangers on a Train, Part 6: After a reward fails to attract leads, the private investigators try a different approach.
Strangers on a Train, Part 7: Heather Kamp says she knows where Kate is, but will she tell the truth?
Strangers on a Train, Part 8: The Waring Family investigators keep their promise and find Kate Waring.
Strangers on a Train, Part 9: Heather Kamp takes the stand to testify against Kate's best friend. Who will the jury believe?
Strangers on a Train, Part 10: A hung jury! An unexpected person comes forward that brings the case to a close.
Strangers on a Train, Part 11: The two people responsible for Kate Waring's death talk about the night Kate died.
Police interrogate Heather Kamp on killing: Police interrogate Heather Angelica Kamp as she denies any involvement in the killing of Kate Waring.
Heather Kamp re-enacts the killing: Heather Angelica Kamp re-enacts the killing of Kate Waring to the Charleston Police.
Was Ethan Mack telling the truth? Detectives attempt to get Ethan Mack to admit his involvement in the killing of Kate Waring and whether he or Heather Angelica Kamp is lying.
Catch up on any back coverage you need of the case on our topic page.


text:
By: Gov Auctions | 21 October 2012
Standard U.S. Government Issued Autos
Just like any other country, the United States issues vehicles to people who work for the various arms of its government. Priority is given to those who most urgently require the use of a vehicle in order to do their job, and there are often a number of restrictions attached to how employees are allowed to use such vehicles. The following is a brief look at standard-issue U.S. Government vehicles, along with some of the most important things to know about them.
Who gets them?
The U.S. is a huge country with over 300 million people, requiring quite a large government and a significant number of government employees in order to effectively keep the country running. Many of these employees, such as public officials, require the use of a vehicle, and some public services such as police and emergency response units require a large fleet of vehicles just for themselves. It is fair to say that there are tens of thousands of government vehicles across the U.S. helping to keep the country running.
It takes a lot of different types of vehicles to run a large country, ranging from sedans to buses and garbage trucks, and over the years there have been a number of automakers favoured by the Federal Government in the United States. Today there are three main car companies that make up U.S. Government fleets, and not surprisingly, they are all American based. The largest amount of U.S. Government-issued vehicles are Fords, the second most are GMs, and Chrysler vehicles are a distant third.
Are they any good?
U.S. Government-issued vehicles these days have to meet very specific guidelines, two of the most important being high safety and environmental standards, so more so than at any point in history, today's U.S. Government-issued vehicles can be considered extremely good rides. U.S. Government vehicles are also upgraded regularly and are required by law to undergo frequent servicing and maintenance, so they are almost always in great condition
What happens to those auction items that get replaced?
When U.S. Government-issued vehicles are replaced, they are sometimes given to their employees as rewards for service, but more often they are auctioned off to the general public. Car auctions provide a quick and easy way for a government to sell off its older vehicles, which can also mean fantastic deals for those looking for a car. Considering that government-issued cars have meticulous records and will generally have been regularly serviced, it is little wonder that government car auction have become such a popular place to go car shopping.
In recent years, there have been some fantastic improvements made to the U.S. Government fleet of vehicles, in particular by reducing the environmental impact of its cars and buses. Considering that these vehicles tend to be replaced roughly every three years, the general public can expect to see some high-quality, eco-friendly vehicles starting to appear at U.S. Government auto auctions in the coming few years.
Just like any other country, the United States issues vehicles to people who work for the various arms of its government. Priority is given to tho…


Uric acid is a substance that results from the breakdown of purines. Typically, uric acid is dissolved in the blood and discarded from the body through the kidney into the urine. Normally the blood level of monosodium urate is 7mg/dl.
If due to any reason the kidneys are unable to eliminate uric acid or the body increases its production of uric acid, the levels go high and result in a condition called as hyperuricemia. Prolonged elevation of blood urate levels causes deposition of uric acid crystals (monosodium urate monohydrate) in the connective tissues and joint spaces resulting in inflammation. This leads to extreme pain, redness, swelling in the joint. Deposition of uric acid can appear as lumps under skin around the joints, these are called 'tophi'.
As the disease progresses, the uric acid crystals may also deposit in the kidneys resulting in kidney stones.


text:
'Freakish' Greenwood is Man Utd's new baby-faced assassin
July 8, 2020 July 8, 2020 manager
Manchester United have spent more than £1 billion (US$1.2 billion) on new players over the past nine years but the Red Devils latest revival owes much to a home-grown superstar in 18-year-old academy graduate Mason Greenwood.
The young forward was the star of the show as United scored five goals in the Premier League at Old Trafford for the first time since 2011 against Bournemouth at the weekend.
Greenwood smashed high into the Bournemouth net, first with his left foot and then with his right as free-flowing United won 5-2 in a style rarely seen since Alex Ferguson's retirement in 2013.
In his first season with the first team, Greenwood has scored 15 goals despite making just 18 starts in all competitions.
United boss Ole Gunnar Solskjaer, who earned the tag "baby-faced assassin" for his finishing prowess as a player at Old Trafford, rates the club's latest prodigy as "one of the best – if not the best – finisher I have worked with and seen."
Greenwood's second against Bournemouth was particularly eye-catching as he spun onto his supposedly weaker right foot before crashing the ball with such speed that Aaron Ramsdale could not keep it out despite getting a hand to it.
"It's freakish," said former United striker Andy Cole. "He can go either side and you know he's going to produce that kind of quality."
Revitalised by the January signing of Bruno Fernandes, United were in fine form before football's three-month coronavirus shutdown.
But far from seeing their momentum slowed, the manner in which Solskjaer's men have returned has raised hopes they could even mount a title challenge to Liverpool and Manchester City next season.
Greenwood did not let the lockdown period go to waste as he reportedly gained three kilograms of muscle mass.
"Mason is looking more and more like a man," said Solskjaer prior to the season's restart.
It has shown on the field as the teenager has started three consecutive Premier League games for the first time, during which United have scored 11 goals.
Marcus Rashford and Anthony Martial's goals against Bournemouth took them to the 20-goal mark in the season for the first time and with an average of just 21, United's front three have the potential to bring back the glory days of the Ferguson era in the coming years.
"He's always eager to learn and he reminds me, mentality-wise, of how I was when I was younger," said Rashford. "If you keep learning, there's no limit to what you can become."
United's immediate future is focused on securing a return to Champions League football, with a trip to relegation-threatened Aston Villa next up on Thursday.
The swagger and speed with which United have played in the past three games has come, significantly, in the only three matches Fernandes and Pogba have started together.
Pogba seemed destined to leave Old Trafford for the second time in his career prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. Now, with finances tighter across European football, it is unlikely interest from Real Madrid will materialise this summer.
For the first time in his second spell at United, Pogba's role in the midfield suits his skill-set, with Nemanja Matic providing the platform for the French World Cup winner and Fernandes to share the creative burden.
"We know that they (Rashford, Martial and Greenwood) can score goals, we know that they've got pace, energy, they're youthful, they'll learn, they'll improve," added Solskjaer.
"With the players that we have that can provide the passes with Paul and Bruno, the creativity that we've got in the team now is exciting."
FootballFootball, International, Manchester United
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We are having a challenge with our site, which launched in June 2015. Google has indexed our pages, and by all indications (page titles, meta descriptions, H1 tags) we should be ranking well for our products, which are cookie cutters. But we are not in the SERPs at all, and we cannot figure out why. We would understand if we were on page six or ten, but we simply do not appear at all in the SERPS. In Search Console, we see missing data on some days, leading us to believe we might have a connectivity issue.
But does anyone have any suggestions? The site is annclarkcookiecutters.com.
I see the site in the #1 position, so what do you mean by it's not in the serps?
or are you referring to the term cookie cutters?
if so I think you need more content and possibly more links.
Serps showing 3 pages from same site for some search strings.


text:
import com.armadialogcreator.Lang;
import net.lingala.zip4j.core.ZipFile;
import net.lingala.zip4j.model.ZipParameters;
import net.lingala.zip4j.util.Zip4jConstants;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 This class is used for preparing a build for Arma Dialog Creator and building "Arma Dialog Creator.exe".
 In order to build the .exe, Launch4J will be needed.

 @author Kayler
 @since 10/10/2016. */
public class ADCReleaseAutomation {
	private final String workingDirectoryPath = new File("").getAbsolutePath();

	private final String INSTALL_JAR_DIR = "/out/artifacts/adc_installer_jar/";

	/*Steps to building the Arma Dialog Creator.exe and installer:

	1. Run ADCReleaseAutomation.main() with no program arguments
	    * This step will create adc.jar's manifest, launch4j configs for exe's, and remove old exe's previously created
	    * You will need BUILD_NUMBER defined in environment variables
	2. Build adc.jar
	3. Build adc_launcher.jar
	4. Build adc_updater.jar
	5. Run ADCReleaseAutomation.main() with "-buildADCExe" as the program arguments
	    * This step will create "Arma Dialog Creator.exe"
	6. Run ADCReleaseAutomation.main() with "-packInstaller" as the program arguments
	    * This step will copy adc.jar, adc_updater.jar, etc, to the installer's build location
	7. Build adc_installer.jar
	    * This step will take previously copied adc.jar and other files and build adc_installer.jar
	8. Run ADCReleaseAutomation.main() with "-buildInstallerExe" as the program arguments
	    * This step will create "Arma Dialog Creator Installer.exe"
	*/

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			new ADCReleaseAutomation().run(args);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private void run(String[] args) throws Exception {
		if (args.length > 0 && args[0].equals("-packInstaller")) {
			packInstaller();
		} else if (args.length > 0 && args[0].equals("-buildADCExe")) {
			createADCExe();
		} else if (args.length > 0 && args[0].equals("-buildInstallerExe")) {
			createInstallerExe();
			createUpdateStuff();
		} else {
			createManifest();
			createLaunch4jConfig("release_automation/configuration_template.xml", "release_automation/configuration.xml");
			createLaunch4jConfig("release_automation/installer_configuration_template.xml", "release_automation/installer_configuration.xml");
			removeOldExeFiles();
		}

	}

	private void packInstaller() {
		String[] paths = {
				"out/artifacts/adc_jar/adc.jar",
				"out/artifacts/adc_launcher_jar/Arma Dialog Creator.exe",
				"out/artifacts/adc_updater_jar/adc_updater.jar"
		};
		ArrayList<File> filesToPack = new ArrayList<>();

		for (String path : paths) {
			filesToPack.add(new File(workingDirectoryPath + "/" + path));
		}

		for (File f : filesToPack) {
			if (!f.exists()) {
				throw new RuntimeException(new FileNotFoundException(f.toString()));
			}
		}

		ZipFile zip;
		try {
			File zipFile = new File(workingDirectoryPath + INSTALL_JAR_DIR + "adc_installation.zip");
			if (zipFile.exists()) {
				zipFile.delete();
			}
			zip = new ZipFile(zipFile.toPath().toString());

			ZipParameters parameters = new ZipParameters();
			parameters.setCompressionMethod(Zip4jConstants.COMP_DEFLATE);
			parameters.setCompressionLevel(Zip4jConstants.DEFLATE_LEVEL_NORMAL);
			zip.createZipFile(filesToPack, parameters);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}

		for (File f : filesToPack) {
			File dest = new File(workingDirectoryPath + "/out/production/ADC Installer/install/" + f.getName());
			try {
				System.out.println("Copying " + f.toPath() + " to '" + dest.toPath() + "'");
				Files.copy(f.toPath(), dest.toPath(), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				throw new RuntimeException(e);
			}
		}
	}

	private void createUpdateStuff() throws IOException {
		String version = Lang.Application.VERSION + "-build" + getBuildNumber(); //DO NOT INCLUDE + because GitHub will remove it from file names!
		String updateJarName = "adcupdate-" + version + ".jar";

		//create update config
		{
			File updateConfig = new File(workingDirectoryPath + INSTALL_JAR_DIR + "update.properties");
			updateConfig.createNewFile();
			Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(updateConfig), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
			out.write(String.format("updateJar=%s\n", updateJarName));
			out.write(String.format("version=%s\n", version));
			out.flush();
			out.close();
		}

		//rename the current installer jar to the update jar name
		{
			String installJarPath = workingDirectoryPath + INSTALL_JAR_DIR;
			File installerJar = new File(installJarPath + "adc_installer.jar");
			Files.copy(installerJar.toPath(), new File(installJarPath + updateJarName).toPath(), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
		}
	}

	/** Ask Launch4j to build the .exe for us */
	private void createADCExe() {
		createExe(String.format("\"%s\\release_automation\\configuration.xml\"", workingDirectoryPath));
	}

	/** Ask Launch4j to build the .exe for us */
	private void createInstallerExe() {
		createExe(String.format("\"%s\\release_automation\\installer_configuration.xml\"", workingDirectoryPath));
	}

	private void createExe(String path) {
		ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder();
		try {
			pb.inheritIO();
			Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(
					String.format("java -jar %s %s", "launch4j.jar", path),
					null,
					new File("D:\\DATA\\Launch4j")
			);
			p.waitFor();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/** Create the Manifest file to be used for the adc.jar. The Manifest holds details like the build and Arma Dialog Creator version */
	private void createManifest() {
		exportNew(new File("release_automation/MANIFEST_template.mf"), new File("src/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF"));
	}

	private void removeOldExeFiles() {
		for (File f : new File[]{
				new File("out/artifacts/adc_launcher_jar/Arma Dialog Creator.exe"),
				new File("out/artifacts/adc_installer_jar/Arma Dialog Creator Installer.exe")
		}) {
			if (f.exists()) {
				try {
					Files.delete(f.toPath());
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/** create the config file that will be used to make "Arma Dialog Creator.exe" via Launch4j */
	private void createLaunch4jConfig(String templateFilePath, String destTemplateFilePath) throws IOException {
		exportNew(new File(templateFilePath), new File(destTemplateFilePath));
	}

	private void exportNew(File template, File fout) {
		if (!template.exists()) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("template should exist. Current path:" + template.getPath());
		}
		try {
			Reader in = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(template), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
			Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(fout), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
			int c;
			boolean startVariable = false;
			StringBuilder variable = new StringBuilder();
			while ((c = in.read()) >= 0) {
				if (startVariable) {
					if (c == '$') {
						startVariable = false;
					} else {
						variable.append((char) c);
						continue;
					}

					String varName = variable.toString();

					switch (varName) {
						case "ADC_LAUNCHER_PROJECT_OUT_PATH": {
							out.write((workingDirectoryPath + "\\out\\artifacts\\adc_launcher_jar"));
							break;
						}
						case "ADC_INSTALLER_PROJECT_OUT_PATH": {
							out.write((workingDirectoryPath + "\\out\\artifacts\\adc_installer_jar"));
							break;
						}
						case "VERSION": {
							out.write(Lang.Application.VERSION);
							break;
						}
						case "BUILD_NUMBER": {
							out.write(getBuildNumber());
							break;
						}
						default: {
							System.err.println("WARNING: unknown variable:" + varName);
						}
					}
				} else {
					if (c == '$') {
						startVariable = true;
						variable = new StringBuilder();
						continue;
					}
					out.write(c);
				}
			}
			out.flush();
			out.close();
			in.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}

	private String getBuildNumber() {
		String buildNumber = System.getenv("BUILD_NUMBER");
		if (buildNumber == null) {
			return "unversioned";
		}
		return buildNumber;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Yang is a teacher in a rural boarding school in Yunnan province in China. During her (more than) 14-hour long work days she is not only a teacher but also plays the role as mother to the children who are often homesick. Her hope is to change the lives of the children for the better.
Maidi Primary School is a boarding school located at Yangjiang Township, Yangbi County in Dali city, Yunnan. It takes about two hours' drive from the nearest town to this school and the road is very bumpy and can become dangerous with landslides during heavy rainy days.
Almost half of the 610 students live at the boarding school, with only 30 teachers to take care of their academic performance and daily life.
Math teacher Yang Yingping, who has been teaching for 18 years, finds her job "fulfilling and meaningful".
"I do believe that if you work hard and are a nice person, you can break the poverty cycle and change students' life for the better," she says.
As most teachers in rural China, Yang has been using traditional teaching methods in her classes where the teacher talks while students passively listen most of the time. Compared with their urban counterparts, village school teachers have lower qualification and far less training opportunities.
"As my students are from rural areas, their parents, who are usually poor educated, can hardly help them with their school work," says Yang, adding it is hard for her to pay attention to every student in the classroom with more than 50 students.
To improve teaching quality in rural boarding schools, Save the Children has organized the first "Training for Trainers" workshop for more than 90 teachers from 25 BESTSELLER FOUNDATION project schools in May, 2016. Anne-Sophie Dybdal, Psychologist and Senior Child Protection Advisor at Save the Children explains why the child-centered approach is important: "Child-centered education draws on children's own experiences and enhances cooperation in the peer group. It also activates different areas of children's brains and can provide a lasting motivation and confidence to learn new things", she says.
The training focuses on teaching skills such as active listening, participatory studying, and intensive group work. Yang enthusiastically took part in the workshop. "I think by using various teaching methods, my students can be more engaged in class. They respond pretty well with new teaching methods. And as a result, their academic performance can be improved," Yang says.
Working hours in China's boarding schools are unbelievably long and demanding. Teacher Yang works from 6:00 AM to 8:30PM every school day and the teachers take turns in taking care of the children while they sleep and eat.
"My main and most important role in the boarding school is being a mother," she says.
Students in this rural area can only go home once every week, while, a large number of them are left-behind children, who may only see their parents once or twice a year at most.
"Separation from parents and siblings can, for a child, be compared to grief in an adult. It can lead to loneliness, anxiety and high levels of stress. This is sometimes called being homesick. Being homesick can affect the memory, concentration and also affect the self-esteem and motivation of the growing child," Anne-Sophie Dybdal explains.
Yang has also realized how profound the negative impact of long-term separation with parents on a child can be from students she taught.
"One boy in my class is really naughty and sometimes causes trouble. We have to call and ask his parents to come to the school during school days to discuss issues raised by their son. However, parents' school visits did not make any difference. Once I talked with the boy to figure out why he kept his bad behaviors," she says.
"He later revealed that only in this way, he could meet his parents more often instead of seeing them only once a week. So I realized it was because the boy was homesick," she stresses.
31 million Chinese children are attending boarding school. Luo Yunxia is one of them.


I love salad. The simplicity of the leafy green and the endless possibilities. The fact that you can make a salad more fattening then a cheeseburger pretty much says the sky's the limit! While grilling some chicken and corn I threw together this simple little delight. This would also be delicious with some rotisserie chicken shredded on top for a complete dinner. Don't forget the crumbled tortilla chips…it definitely makes this an epic side salad!
**I don't like my lettuce drenched in dressing so feel free to add as much as your little heart desires!


This is a free service for ACA members and is updated monthly. Members are required to confirm their availability each month to ensure currency of the register. Enquiries regarding the register are to be directed to ACA Limited on (02) 8844 0400.
IMPORTANT: When seeking a locum you are advised to confirm with the locum that they are registered with AHPRA, have a provider number with Medicare and that they supply you with a certificate of currency for their professional indemnity insurance.


Dec = 28° 5' 57.0"
This mosaic of the central region of the Coma cluster combines infrared and visible-light images to reveal thousands of faint objects (green). Follow-up observations showed that many of these objects, which appear here as faint green smudges, are dwarf galaxies belonging to the cluster. Two large elliptical galaxies, NGC 4889 and NGC 4874, dominate the cluster's center. The mosaic combines visible-light data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (color coded blue) with long- and short-wavelength infrared views (red and green, respectively) from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.


At the Holyrood Hotel we are delighted to host your corporate event and make sure we provide the professional service and attention to detail required to deliver a success. If you require a meeting room for training, a presentation or an informal team building exercise, our experienced team are on hand for your requirements. The location of the Holyrood Hotel, in the heart of Bundoran, with ample parking and ease of access makes it an ideal choice. The wonderful Escape Spa offering relaxing treatments, the fully equipped swimming pool and leisure centre are ideal for delegates or their partners. The plethora of activities available locally include sea kayaking, surfing, abseiling, golf and fishing and all easily arranged as the perfect team building activities. Menus can be designed to suit the conference, meeting, whether informal networking drinks, or a sit down gala dinner, the team at the Holyrood Hotel will deliver on the specific requirements. The wonderful conference suite can welcome up to 450 guests banquet style, 450 classroom style or up to 800 delegates theatre style. Contact the team at the Holyrood and let us help plan the perfect conference or meeting.
We had a 16 man conference last week and were overwhelmed by the facilities and the hospitality at the Holyrood. The rooms were luxurious and the leisure facilities were serene.


Offering full employment with all income taxed as appropriate at source under PAYE as well as our standard benefits and advantages such as access to statutory benefits and auto-enrolment pension with an award winning pension provider.
A choice of whether you want your holiday pay in with your pay or accrued so that you can be paid any accrual when you take a holiday.
We work hard to ensure you are paid right, first time, on time and send you a text message to confirm the exact amount of each payment. There are no hidden costs as Payco Employment will always be transparent about our operating costs.
Where we are able to allow and pay expenses we will. This has become more complex recently but we are committed to helping all our employees. This includes access to a full on-line portal, assistance with the determination of temporary work sites and a full service designed to compliantly separate the payment of expenses from earnings. So at discretion, this allows us to pay expenses in all circumstances where we are entitled to do so.
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text:
Tampa firm looking to build new 100-room branded hotel on W192 in Four Corners
A Tampa developer is looking to build a new 100-room hotel on W192 in Four Corners, across the street from a proposed $60 million hotel project in Orange County. (staff)
Tampa-based Laeq & Associates wants to build a new 100-room branded hotel on W192 in the Four Corners area if the firm can solve the riddle of how to develop the 8.2-acre site.
"We're going through our due diligence, but the site has some challenges," Principal Syed Laeq Ali told GrowthSpotter. He's scheduled to meet with Osceola County planners Wednesday morning to discuss the site issues.
The owners, an Argentinian investment group called Secret Lake Investments Group LLC, bought the vacant property in early 2014 for $1.2 million.
New owners working to renovate, reopen W192's Toscana Suites as branded hotels
Laeq is a licensed engineer, architect and general contractor. He's been busy in Kissimmee for the last several months renovating the former Toscana Suites property on Reedy Creek Drive. He also has a few commercial projects under construction in Orlando on Orange Blossom Trail at the intersection with Central Florida Parkway.
The Four Corners parcel lies on the south side of U.S. 192 between Westside Boulevard and the Polk County line, and across from a proposed $60 million hotel development on the Orange County side of the highway.
Developers target Osceola for more affordable housing tax credit projects
The Secret Lake property is familiar to county planners -- this is the third time in the last year someone has proposed a development on the site, more than half of which is classified as a Class A wetland.
In March 2016, Malak Corporation proposed a 280-room condo hotel community to be built in two phases. The first phase fronting on W192 would have included a single tower with 48 residential units and an attached four-story parking deck and swimming pool amenity.
In October, Gardner Capital proposed a 60-unit affordable housing apartment community on the site. It was one of three sites the developer submitted to Florida Housing Finance Corp. for Low Income Housing Tax Credits.
Hotels & Hospitality Development News in Central Florida
AD1 Global proposes hotel trio with beach amenities, seeks flags & lender
Laeq said he's well aware of the environmental constraints on the property, which means any hotel project would probably have to include a parking garage to meet code requirements. The site is zoned Tourist Commercial, and county code requires a minimum of one parking space for each hotel room. The hotel would be an interior corridor, limited service hotel.
"We'd like to have more than 100 rooms," Laeq said. "We may end up having to do the structured parking. I don't know how much potentially we can get from the site."
Across the highway in Orange County, Hollywood-based hotel owner-operator AD1 Global filed a preliminary site plan in December for a trio of select service hotels totaling 429 rooms on more than 57 acres.
That complex would also feature a multipurpose grass field, and a shared amenities area that includes a restaurant, clubhouse, "FlowRider" surf machine, lazy river, splash zone, swimming pool with water falls, two spas, a tiki bar, waterslide tower, and a beach area and volleyball court that fronts a man-made lake.


Come by our lounge anytime after 5pm this Friday for free fries! For our British friends, these are known as chips We'll serve them all night until we run out! Also, grab a happy hour $2 cocktail before 8pm.
Eluvium Lounge. #205A Street 19, directly behind the Royal Palace.


Do you want to get the most out of your hard earned money? Do you want the best deals? Then a tile auction is a place that you should strongly consider visiting, until now! Luke Johnson, our founding director previously managed Laws Auctions Wetherill Park tile division, so he knows how important it is for customers to get real value for money.
Why Come To Tile Factory Outlet?
That is a question that you may be asking. Simply put, it is the best place for great savings. Just think of all the work that you need to do to turn your house into a home. You might be thinking about laying floor tiles or maybe even wall tiles in the kitchen, bathroom, living room or outside. Tiling is now considered a great option to use anywhere in the house. But there is a problem, the cost factor. Tile Factory Outlet is the answer to that problem. You will save even more than you would at the auctions, because we don't charge buyer's premium.
Time, effort and energy make it very stressful to purchase tiles at a tile auction. At these places, the atmosphere can be cut throat and you need to have your wits about you to be able to outbid everyone else. At Tile Factory Outlet, you can expect great service from tile experts, interior designers and colour consultants.
Other auction methods like Ebay have popped up, however if you're like most, you want to feel the floor and wall tiles before committing to buying something that you have not seen personally. At TFO, all of our tiles are laid out for you to feel and see for yourself.
TFO has the friendliest staff and the cheapest tile prices anywhere. Whether you are looking for tiles for your kitchen, bathroom or any room for that matter, the best place is TFO, Tile Factory Outlet. We have over 350,000m2 of tiles ready for same-day pickup. So you are sure to find something that you will like.
As we have the best prices you are able to walk out with more of your money in your pocket. Alternatively you could use the money you saved to upgrade to porcelain or travertine tiles. So give us a try today!
I am looking for 200x 200 floor tiles for our shower repair company . I am looking for a number of colours ranging from white to greys ,earthy tones . 10-12 colours that you stock regularly or end of line where we can buy a pallet at a premium discount .
Hi there, thanks for your enquiry. We stock 200x200mm tiles in a gloss white only. Please do not hesitate to call our office on (02) 8728 7800 if you require further information.


text:
Piñata è il primo album collaborativo tra il rapper statunitense Freddie Gibbs e il rapper e produttore hip hop connazionale Madlib, pubblicato nel 2014.

Su AnyDecentMusic? ottiene 77/100, mentre su Metacritic 82/100, voto basato su 19 recensioni.

L'album è incluso in diverse liste dei migliori dischi dell'anno, tra cui quelle di Billboard, Complex, Consequence, Pitchfork, Rolling Stone, Spin e Vibe.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is a 501(c)(3) worldwide not-for-profit charitable organization focused on improving the security of software. Operating as a community of like-minded professionals, OWASP issues software tools and knowledge-based documentation on application security.
This event is open to anyone interested in learning more about software security.


text:
Alexander G. Brown
Email: alex.brown@alston.com
Corporate plaintiffs and defendants rely on Alex to find solutions to their complex commercial disputes in state and federal courts, international arbitration and before the ITC.
Antitrust and Licensing
Prosecuting monopolization claims against Keurig Green Mountain on behalf of McLane Company Inc. in U.S.-based multidistrict litigation (MDL).
Counsel to a major chicken producer defending allegations that the poultry industry engaged in a conspiracy to reduce output and manipulate price indexes.
Resolved claims in MDL and in international arbitration on behalf of a Fortune 50 company victimized by a worldwide conspiracy to fix the price of lithium-ion batteries.
Defended a major pharmaceutical company in a case involving antitrust claims arising out of a patent license dispute.
Counsel to one of the world's largest wireless equipment manufacturers in a series of international disputes over the licensing of wireless technologies in ICC arbitration, the International Trade Commission, and federal courts across the country.
Consumer Protection, Privacy & Data Security
Defeated class certification and won summary judgment on behalf of a Fortune 1000 retail company accused of privacy violations.
Obtained dismissal of a class action brought against an international payment processing company following a data breach.
Defended a Fortune 50 retail company against multiple class action lawsuits following a major data breach. The matter was settled on terms favorable to our client.
Counseling clients subject to requests for information and investigations by the Federal Trade Commission, U.S. Department of Justice, and various state agencies.
Alex Brown focuses his complex commercial litigation practice on high-stakes antitrust, intellectual property, consumer protection, and data privacy matters. Alex represents corporate plaintiffs and defendants in state and federal courts, including class actions and multidistrict litigation. He also represents his clients in international arbitration and before the International Trade Commission. Alex counsels large corporations, national membership organizations, and smaller companies in a variety of areas, including intellectual property licensing and compliance with antitrust, telecommunications, consumer protection, and data privacy regulations and guidelines.
Before joining Alston & Bird, Alex completed a fellowship with the Office of the Georgia Capital Defenders, where he represented clients facing the death penalty at trial and on appeal.
The University of Texas (J.D., 2009)
Bradley University (B.S, 2005)
American Bar Association, Section of Antitrust Law Leadership, Privacy Legislation Task Force and Privacy and Information Security, Intellectual Property, and Global Private Litigation Committees
State Bar of Georgia, Privacy and Technology Law Section
Atlanta Bar Association
Midtown Assistance Center, board of directors, past-president; Development Committee, chair
Related Services & Industries
Class Action & Multidistrict Litigation
Technology & Telecommunications Litigation
Privacy & Data Security
Privacy & Cybersecurity Litigation
Corporate Plaintiff's Litigation