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(-) American Meteorological Society (AMS) (1)
(-) Consortium for Ocean Leadership (2)
(-) Florida Atlantic University / Pine Jog Environmental Education Center (FAU Pine Jog) (1)
2017: Cooperative Program for Atmospheric Sciences Education (1)
AMS/NOAA Cooperative Program for Earth System Education (CPESE)
American Meteorological Society (AMS) offsite link · Boston, Massachusetts
The American Meteorological Society (AMS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) work together to share knowledge and information about weather and climate, ocean, and coasts with educators and students across the country. The goal of this effort is to build a scientifically informed and engaged society and a diverse STEM workforce prepared to respond to environmental hazards.
The American Meteorological Society (AMS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) work together to share knowledge and information about weather and climate, ocean, and coasts with educators and students across the country. The goal of this effort is to build a scientifically informed and engaged society and a diverse STEM workforce prepared to respond to environmental hazards. AMS facilitates a national offering of the DataStreme Atmosphere and DataStreme Ocean courses and supports Project ATMOSPHERE leadership training workshops at the National Weather Service Training Center for in-service K-12 educators, with focus on those at schools with considerable numbers of students underrepresented in STEM. By 2023, about 2,100 educators will earn graduate credits through a partnership with California University of Pennsylvania and become confident Earth science educators. These educators are expected to impact more than 20,000 additional educators and several hundred thousand K-12 students.
Competition: 2017: Cooperative Program for Atmospheric Sciences Education
PI: Wendy Abshire
State: Massachusetts County: Suffolk District: MA08
Partners: Consortium for Ocean Leadership · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) / National Centers for Environmental Prediction · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Grand Rapids, MI Forecast Office · California University of Pennsylvania (CalU) · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Training Center · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Quad Cities, Iowa Forecast Office · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Newport, North Carolina Forecast Office · NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS) / NOAA Planet Stewards · American Geosciences Institute (AGI) · American Institute of Physics (AIP) · Lockheed Martin Corporation · National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT) · GLOBE Program · NASA Headquarters / NASA Disasters Program · University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) / Unidata · National Earth Science Teachers Association (NESTA) · Austin Peay State University · Brandeis University · State University of New York (SUNY) / Oswego · University of Central Missouri · University of Mary Washington · West Virginia University Institute of Technology · EdCuration · Washington College · Adelphi University · Ohio State University (OSU) / Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center ·
Climate Resilience Education and Action for Dedicated Youth Program (Climate READY Program)
Florida Atlantic University / Pine Jog Environmental Education Center (FAU Pine Jog) offsite link · West Palm Beach, Florida
The goal of the Climate Resilience Education and Action for Dedicated Youth Program (Climate READY Program) is to increase the environmental literacy of South Florida students, teachers, and the general community so they can become more resilient to extreme weather and/or other environmental hazards. To prepare for a future of increasing environmental hazards, communities will need an informed public that is willing to act on decisions on a personal and civic level. Education has the potential to play an important role in achieving that goal.
The goal of the Climate Resilience Education and Action for Dedicated Youth Program (Climate READY Program) is to increase the environmental literacy of South Florida students, teachers, and the general community so they can become more resilient to extreme weather and/or other environmental hazards. To prepare for a future of increasing environmental hazards, communities will need an informed public that is willing to act on decisions on a personal and civic level. Education has the potential to play an important role in achieving that goal. However, despite dire predictions of the impacts of climate change, the topic has yet to make it into mainstream education in the South Florida classroom. Climate READY is a collaborative effort between FAU Pine Jog, the Palm Beach County Office of Resilience, the Coastal Resilience Partnership, South East Florida Regional Climate Change Compact, city sustainability offices in Boynton Beach, Boca Raton, West Palm Beach, the School District of Palm Beach County and Galaxy E3 Elementary School. Climate READY will focus on engaging some of the most underserved and socially vulnerable communities located in Palm Beach County, Florida. The Climate READY Program has four interconnected components: Climate READY Institute (training 48 students, grades 9-12) to become Climate READY Ambassadors, Afterschool Climate READY Program (engaging at least 300 after school students in grades 4-8), Climate READY Teacher Professional Development (training 48 teachers from targeted schools) and Climate READY Community Outreach (engaging at least 600 community members at local community events). This project will leverage NOAA assets including Science on a Sphere (SOS) technology and datasets, the SOS Explorer Mobile application, Weather Ready Nation, US Climate Resilience Toolkit, and Owlie's Weather-Ready Educational Activities. FAU Pine Jog will use the Climate Action Learning Process to develop all program lessons. The primary outcome of the program will be to enhance the adaptive capacities of identified vulnerable communities so that they are more prepared to respond to climate-related hazards and to increase civic engagement, inclusive decision-making, and equity.
PI: Ray Coleman
State: Florida County: Palm Beach District: FL20
Partners: Galaxy E3 Elementary · NOAA Office of Education · Boca Raton Community High School · Palm Beach County / Office of Resilience · The City of West Palm Beach / Office of Sustainability · The City of Boynton Beach / Office of Sustainability · The City of Boca Raton / Office of Sustainability ·
The National Ocean Sciences Bowl: Using An Academic Competition To Engage High School Students in Ocean Science Education and STEM Career Preparation
The National Ocean Sciences Bowl (NOSB) is a program that uses a quiz bowl competition, along with supporting educational activities for students and teachers, to develop the next generation of ocean scientists, stewards, and leaders. The NOSB is managed by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership, a Washington, D.C. based non-profit and supported by 25 research institutions, federal laboratories, state Sea Grant programs, and aquaria across the United States. The NOSB develops knowledgeable ocean stewards that understand the ocean's impact on daily life and the importance of scientific research.
The National Ocean Sciences Bowl (NOSB) is a program that uses a quiz bowl competition, along with supporting educational activities for students and teachers, to develop the next generation of ocean scientists, stewards, and leaders. The NOSB is managed by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership, a Washington, D.C. based non-profit and supported by 25 research institutions, federal laboratories, state Sea Grant programs, and aquaria across the United States. The NOSB develops knowledgeable ocean stewards that understand the ocean's impact on daily life and the importance of scientific research. The program fosters use of the ocean as an interdisciplinary vehicle to teach science and mathematics and encourages its inclusion in curricula. It encourages and support the involvement of under-represented and geographically diverse communities in ocean science. Lastly, it provides students interactive education that develops critical thinking and skills for the workforce and exposes them to ocean science professionals and career opportunities. These objectives are achieved through a fast-paced and engaging quiz bowl competition that is supplemented by career mentoring events, yearly competition themes, and experiential field trips to help students gain a broader and deeper understanding of ocean science content than they would in a traditional classroom setting. The primary audience of the NOSB is high school students and teachers (formal educators serving as coaches). Secondary audiences include the academic and professional ocean science community, many of whom serve as mentors or volunteers, and students who benefit from the participation of their teachers and schools even though they have not participated in a competition. Each year, the NOSB directly engages approximately 2,000 students from 325 schools in 34 states plus the District of Columbia through 25 regional competitions. The top team from each region then competes in the national final competition, which changes location each year. The NOSB's focus on ocean science is crucial as our nation's need for an ocean-literate society is increasing given growing environmental challenges as well as opportunities in a sustainable ocean-based economy. Formal coursework in ocean and environmental sciences is not prevalent in most U.S. schools; thus, the NOSB fills a critical role in engaging high school students in ocean learning and expands their knowledge of the ocean's role in issues affecting our nation's citizens, such as a changing climate, extreme weather events, coastal resilience, food provision and security, and our economy. The NOSB supports NOAA's Education Strategic Plan goals of a Science-Informed Society, Conservation and Stewardship, and Future Workforce. NOSB students are introduced to ocean-related STEM fields and career pathways. The NOSB also engages all participants in the competition and other program elements, resulting in ocean science and environmental awareness and increased interest in stewardship of ocean resources within these audiences. The program operates with the involvement of the ocean science research, education, and technology community, including NOAA laboratories and Sea Grant programs.
Partners: Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium · University of South Florida / College of Marine Science (CMS) · Oregon State University (OSU) / College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences · University of Alaska (UA-Fairbanks) / College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences · The University of Southern Mississippi (USM) / Gulf Coast Research Laboratory · Virginia Institute of Marine Science / Marine Advisory Services · Youngstown State University · National Sea Grant College Program / Virginia Institute of Marine Science · Old Dominion University (ODU) / Ocean, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences · National Sea Grant College Program / Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) · National Sea Grant College Program / Texas A&M University · Michigan Sea Grant · National Sea Grant College Program / University of Alaska (UA-Fairbanks) / Alaska Sea Grant · National Sea Grant College Program / University of Delaware / Delaware Sea Grant · National Sea Grant College Program / University of Florida / Florida Sea Grant · National Sea Grant College Program / University of Maine / Maine Sea Grant · National Sea Grant College Program / New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium · National Sea Grant College Program / Oregon State University / Oregon Sea Grant · State University of New York at Stony Brook / School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (SoMAS) · Rutgers University / Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences · University of San Diego / Department of Environmental & Ocean Sciences · California State University at Monterey Bay / School of Natural Sciences · University of Wisconsin (UW–Milwaukee) / School of Freshwater Sciences · University of Colorado Boulder / CIRES / Education & Outreach · University of Maine / School of Marine Sciences · University of Miami / Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science · East Carolina University (ECU) / Coastal Studies Institute ·


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Turkey sees less than 10,000 new COVID daily cases for 1st time since March 1
in World News, Europe
Turkey on May 20 saw fewer than 10,000 new COVID-19 daily cases for the first time since March 1, said the country's health minister, marking a key milestone in the country's fight against coronavirus.
After a meeting of the country's Scientific Committee, Fahrettin Koca told a press conference that the number of daily cases fell below 10,000 after a 17-day lockdown which ended early this week.
He stressed that Turkey has the potential to vaccinate more than 1.5 million people per day.
Koca added that Turkey could start Phase 3 studies of its national COVID-19 vaccine at the beginning of June.
If the studies conclude successfully, national vaccines may be used with emergency use approval by September, Koca added.
"The vaccination rate for over-65s has reached 84%," Koca said.
Turkey will continue vaccinating people gradually, going down to age 20 in June if there is no problem with vaccine supplies, he added.
Turkey will continue its fight against the pandemic with widespread vaccination and personal precautions such as wearing masks and maintaining social distance, he said.
BioNTech to send 30M vaccines by end of June
Joining the press conference virtually, Uğur Şahin, the CEO and co-founder of BioNTech, said they want to send 30 million vaccine doses to Turkey by the end of June.
Şahin, who comes from a Turkish family that immigrated to Germany, added that they would complete sending all 120 million doses in July, August, and September.
"We will work day and night to send vaccines to Turkey on time," Şahin added.
Stressing that he was "proud" as a Turk when he heard about the vaccination work in Turkey, Şahin said they want to both produce vaccines and do research and development in Turkey.
Underlining that they tried the vaccine on more than 30 virus variants, Şahin said it also works against mutations.
"We also tested the Indian mutation this week. Our vaccine has 25-30% efficiency against the Indian variant. We expect 70-75% protection from infection," he said.
Stressing that high antibodies are achieved after the first dose of BioNTech vaccine in those who are infected, Şahin said that this antibody level is the same as people who were not infected and got two vaccine doses.
He suggested that third doses should be given in 2022, six to nine months after second doses.
Turkey started a gradual normalization process on Monday from a 17-day lockdown after the measures led to a drop in cases nationwide.
Until June 1, the country will enforce weeknight curfews from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m., while weekends are under full lockdown.
Israel alone is responsible for Palestine violence, Turkish FM tells UNGA
Stress symptoms: how stress effects your mind and body

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


On October 20th, The Ben Roethlisberger Foundation distributed a grant to the Avondale Police Department, in Avondale, AZ, just outside of Phoenix where the Steelers played the Cardinals on Sunday, October 23rd.
Today, the Police Department announced what they did with their grant – a new bite suit, a ballistic vest and two portable kennels for the unit's two dog teams: Officer Tony Fernandez and Ranger and Officer James Sinohui and Ringo!
"It (the equipment) protects them from weapons and when they're contacting or pursuing possible armed suspects, and it increases the proficiency and safety for not only the K-9 but the handler as well," Sgt. Todd Love said.
The new equipment will ensure that both dogs have a ballistic vest, that each officer's truck has a vault and that both officers have a portable kennel for their dog. The vaults are important because they keep the contents away from the dogs and allow the officers to operate independently, Love said.
The grant included money for training. The department sent Fernandez and Ranger to California last month for three days of training on dealing with stress while on calls, transferring training to reality and resolving tactical dilemmas. It is looking for training for Sinohui and plan to send him and Ringo.


This ring is ROCK SOLID!! Love iT!! From the design to the detail to the color, absolutely beautiful. The price is more than what I want to pay but never saw a ring like this before and wanted to get it. I gave this ring a 5 the second I saw it. Would rate it higher!


Named after one of our early benefactors, the Constantin College of Liberal Arts offers undergraduate degrees in the arts, humanities, liberal arts and sciences. It is the largest college at UD, featuring 30 majors and nearly as many undergraduate concentrations.
Established in 1966 as the Graduate School of Management (GSM), the college of business was created in 2003 from the merger of the former GSM and the growing undergraduate business program. The college was renamed in 2013 to the Satish & Yasmin Gupta College of Business. It has been accredited by the AACSB and has been designated as a Center of Academic Excellence by the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Department of Homeland Security for Cybersecurity. The college offers Doctor of Business Administration, Master of Business Administration and Master of Science degrees in accounting, business analytics, cybersecurity, finance, information & technology management and a Bachelor of Arts in business degree.
Established in 1966 with a grant from the Blakley-Braniff Foundation, the Braniff Graduate School offers graduate degrees in American studies, classics, classical education, English and literature, fine arts, humanities, leadership philosophy, politics, psychology and theology. It also offers the Catholic Teacher Certificate, certifying distinctive preparation for teaching in Catholic schools, and is home to the Institute of Philosophic Studies, the doctoral-degree-granting entity of the University of Dallas Braniff Graduate School.
The Neuhoff School of Ministry is the graduate school of theological studies and pastoral ministry at the University of Dallas, offering master's degrees in theological studies, pastoral ministry and catechetical ministry. In addition, the school offers a wide range of continuing education programs for adults interested in in-depth exploration of their faith as well as deacon formation programs in both English and Spanish. The Neuhoff School of Ministry also hosts the annual Dallas Ministry Conference, an event attended by thousands of ordained and lay people from around the world.


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Sociology Schools
Schools in Pennsylvania
Sociology Schools in Pennsylvania
Sociology Schools in Immaculata, PA
Immaculata University is the largest sociology school in Immaculata, based on student population. Approximately 7 students graduated in 2010 from Immaculata University with credentials in sociology.
In 2010, 7 students graduated with a sociology degree in Immaculata. If you decide to join their ranks, you can expect to pay an average of $26,540 per year in tuition costs.
You should also anticipate spending about $1,650 for sociology related books and supplies every year. And if you live on campus, you will face an additional expense of $10,920 per year, on average, for room and board. If you live at home, you can cut this cost down to approximately $32,315.
Sociology Degree in Immaculata
Associates Degree in Sociology
Bachelors Degree in Sociology
Sociology Classes
Sociology Courses
Sociology Training
Sociology schools in Gwynedd Valley, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Trenton, New Jersey
Sociology schools in West Chester, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Collegeville, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Glenside, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Millersville, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Newark, Delaware
Sociology schools in Glassboro, New Jersey
Sociology schools in Villanova, Pennsylvania
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Sociology schools in Chester, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Lincoln University, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Camden, New Jersey
Sociology schools in Haverford, Pennsylvania
Sociology schools in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
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Psychology Schools in Immaculata
School Psychology Schools in Immaculata
Organizational Psychology Schools in Immaculata
Criminology Schools in Immaculata
Counseling Schools in Immaculata
Sociology Schools in Immaculata, Pennsylvania
1 Immaculata University
1145 King Rd, Immaculata, Pennsylvania 19345-0702


Joshua Bonadona is a graduate of Louisiana college. He is also the former kicker, and was often seen leading the team's Christian devotional. After his graduation in 2013, he served as assistant football coach until 2015 when he decided to pursue a graduate degree and a coaching job at the Southeast Missouri State University. Last year, he headed back home on the word of head football coach Justin Charles that Joshua's Alma mater would love to hire him back. Mr. Bonadona never got that job, even though he did receive a glowing endorsement from Coach Charles.
According to the lawsuit filed yesterday, Joshua Bonadona was denied the job because of his Jewish heritage. ESPN reports that during the interview process he was asked by college president Rick Brewer what his parents religious affiliation was. He answered truthfully that his father was Catholic and his mother was Jewish. Josh was raised in the Jewish faith, but decided to convert to Christianity in college. When Bonadona didn't get the job he asked head coach Charles what happened. That's when he was told that the college didn't approve of his "Jewish Blood." Although the Baptist college (as a private religious institution) does have the right to decide who to hire and fire based on religious reasons, Bonadona's lawyer claims that this is a racial issue. Jewish people are protected from this kind of discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.


Oklahoma steel buildings are perfect for anything from homes to pole barns in Oklahoma. If you are planning to build a new structure, you may want to first consider the wide array of designs that are available in metal. This material will not rust, rot, or warp, and is strong enough to withstand even the strongest winds in Oklahoma. It is also easy to construct, comes with excellent warranties and in some cases costs much less than stick or brick built buildings. With so many advantages, you can easily see why Oklahoma steel buildings are rapidly becoming the structure of choice for many home and business owners.
If you need a lot of room you may want to consider clear span construction. Clear span construction has heavier beams in the roof allowing for the elimination of columns in the interior. This type of construction is ideal for a variety of uses including warehouses, skating rinks, or even riding arenas. With clear span designs, you can utilize the full interior of the building rather than having to work around the columns.
Steel arch buildings are a type of clear span construction as well. These Oklahoma metal buildings, sometimes known as Quonset huts, were originally used by the military in World War II. The military recognized the benefits of the quick construction and low to the ground design of these units. Today, arch designs are used for a wide variety of building needs. They are especially common in farm and ranch applications for storage of feed or even horse barns. If you have a business that requires storage for any reason, consider arch buildings before you shop for any other styles.
If you have not looked at the home designs that are now available using steel construction, now is a great time. Oklahoma metal buildings made for homes are beautiful, stylish, and come with so many floor plans you are bound to find one you like. If you do not, however, many providers have engineers on staff that will be happy to help you create the design of your dreams. Best of all, these structures will require very little maintenance. You can simply sit back and enjoy your new home without having to worry about termites, rot, or warping, unlike stick built designs.
Oklahoma steel buildings are not only ideal material choice for homes, they can also be made to look like any other material designs. You can choose from a variety of exterior cladding that will be sure to please even the most discerning customer. You can add vinyl siding in a wide array of colors, or you might want to add stucco and paint if that is your desire. You can even add half log siding to get the log home look without the log home price and upkeep, or brick if you prefer. In fact, almost any type of exterior cladding that you would put on another type of design can be added to Oklahoma metal buildings.
If you are planning to build a business, look no further than Oklahoma steel buildings for your construction needs. These units are so versatile they are perfect for a wide array of business needs. Perhaps you plan to build a restaurant. Many restaurants in Oklahoma are increasingly using steel for their structures. Because these Oklahoma metal buildings are constructed so quickly and require so little maintenance, they are the ideal choice for restaurants.
Maybe you would like to construct a store, or need to build a large parking garage. If a parking garage is your desire, you will be surprised at how quickly garage style Oklahoma metal buildings can be built. You can choose from small parking garages that will house a single car to enormous buildings that can house hundreds of vehicles. The smaller units can also be purchased in kits that are easily assembled by any do it yourselfer.
There are literally hundreds of businesses that can benefit from the use of metal for their construction needs. With the many advantages of Oklahoma metal buildings, more and more businesses are moving to the use of metal. If you plan to build a business, be sure to check out Oklahoma steel buildings before you spend more money than is necessary on any other type of construction.
Oklahoma steel buildings are the ideal choice for just about any structure you plan to build. Whether you require a small unit on your lot for storage, or a large structure to house a business, you will undoubtedly be pleased with the wide array of styles and designs of Oklahoma metal buildings to choose from. Begin by first filling out our easy to use online form. You will then get quotes from a variety of reputable vendors in your area of Oklahoma.


For all those who are commenting that protest never changes anything: Read some history books! You'd be a British subject right now if it weren't for the rebels.
And students, be strong and proud of what you are doing. It is making a difference. Thank you.


When I first took in my rolls of film from the Carolina Rebellion to be developed, I knew I had a stray roll somewhere and couldn't think of where it might be. But, I did run across it last week and delivered the film to Biggs Camera in Charlotte, NC to have the roll developed. The scenes here are from the first day of the metal festival. I like the top photo in particular. The film I used was Kodak Portra 400. Thanks for viewing!


Job Description: The VIP would help our Information Technology (IT) specialist perform computer and network related support.
Skills needed/preferred: Experience with troubleshooting, software installation, and set up of computers, the ability to sit and stand for extended periods. Experience with software such as Microsoft Office, Windows 10, and Google applications are a plus. A background check is necessary to gain access to government computers. Interested individuals should send a resume with relevant experience.
Goal/Outcome of job: Assist with heavy backlog of technological support requests.
Minimum commitment: Flexible scheduling but would prefer someone to work at least 8 hours per week. Volunteer positon is available year-round with a minimum commitment of six months. Office hours are Monday thru Friday between the hours of 8:00 am – 4:00 pm.
Benefits to volunteers (note training, if applicable): Volunteer in a face-paced and friendly work environment. Gain meaningful experience in technological support.
Other comments: Required to sign privacy notice due to the sensitivity of materials being handled. Background check required to gain access to government computers.
Join the Williamsport Volunteer Staff and be the catalyst for great visitor experiences! Volunteers at the C&O Canal Williamsport Visitor Center welcome thousands of park visitors every year and provide invaluable information regarding the park's historical, natural and recreational resources.
Skills/Training Recommended: Each volunteer will receive an orientation to the Williamsport Visitor Center and visitor services. CPR Certification preferred but not required. Throughout the year park staff, provide opportunities for volunteer trainings, i.e. Bike Safety, Interpretation Training, etc. Please notify the park supervisor if you are interested in participating.
Positions are available year-round and are flexible to accommodate any schedule. Visitor Center shifts are 4 hours. Volunteer shirts provided.
Williamsport Address/Contact Information: The C&O Canal NHP Williamsport Visitor Center is located at 205 W. Potomac Street, Williamsport, MD 21795.
Please note: We accept volunteers who are at least 16 years of age for the Williamsport Visitor Center Volunteer program.
Job Description: The VIP would help complete administrative and clerical tasks. Duties include filing,shredding documents, updating/creating spreadsheets and word documents, answering phone calls,distributing mail.
Skills needed/preferred: Basic computer skills, Microsoft Office, typing, strong organizational skills,capable to work with little supervision, and ability to sit or stand for periods of time. Background check required prior to start date to gain computer access.
Goal/Outcome of job: Assist administration staff with heavy workload and filing.
Benefits to volunteers (note training, if applicable): The VIP would work in a fast-paced and friendly working environment. They would learn about and work for the benefit of the National Seashore.
Do you have a favorite section of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal? Is it a mile of towpath? The Marsden Tract Campground? Or even the Pennyfield Lockhouse? Become a C&O Canal Steward and adopt a site! Adoption areas available from Georgetown to Seneca Creek Aqueduct for a one year renewable term (March 2019-March 2020).
The Canal Steward Adoption Program focuses on beautification projects to maintain and enhance the facilities and resources of areas which have been adopted. Volunteers formally adopt the site and are presented with an adoption package detailing their commitment and the tasks they are responsible for completing at the designated site. Adoption of a site in the park fosters stewardship and pride in the resource and in the mission the National Park Service strives to uphold.
This service opportunity is open to individuals, scout troops, clubs, businesses, etc. willing to commit to be Canal Stewards for a one year renewable term. Individual applicants and group leaders must be at least 18 years of age.
Supplies and equipment are furnished by the Volunteer Office.
For more information, or to see a sample Adoption Package, contact Isaac Pallant at chohcsp@gmail.com.
The Antietam Creek Campground overlooks the Potomac River and the C&O Canal in historic Sharpsburg, Maryland. Nearby is Antietam National Battlefield, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, and the historic town of Shepherdstown, West Virginia. The Appalachian Trail passes nearby. The C&O Canal towpath offers excellent biking and hiking opportunities. Hagerstown, Maryland is within driving distance from the campground.
Host duties include a 32 hour work week assisting campers with registration and providing information, as well as some light litter cleanup around the campground, clearing ashes from grills and fire rings, and monitoring the condition of the pit toilet facilities. Hosts will report problems and conditions to the Law Enforcement Ranger and Maintenance Supervisor.
The campground host campsite includes water and 50 amp electrical hookups as well as a septic system, phone line, picnic table, and fire ring. There is no internet available at this site. There is no limit to the RV size.
Camp Round Meadow is a group camp featuring 4 dorms sleeping 30 people each and a dining hall seating 120 people. The camp has space for 120 people to sleep. Additional facilities include a gym with a basketball court and wooden floor, a small outdoor gazebo, and a conference room.
Catoctin Mountain Park is located approximately 15 miles south of Gettysburg and 65 miles northwest of Washington, DC. Thurmont, a 10 minute drive from the Camp Round Meadow area. Thurmont, MD is the nearest location with amenities such as grocery stores and restaurants.
Help groups find and set up in their reserved sites.
Educate about food storage, Dining Hall, and Gymnasium rules & regulations.
Inspect, document, and report maintenance issues.
Provide minor upkeep at the campground.
Notify appropriate park staff in case of an emergency.
Communicate effectively with park staff to keep up to date on campsites assignments.
Assist park staff at Camp Misty Mount with check-in/out, minor custodial work, providing informal interpretive services.
This is an exciting opportunity for someone who likes to meet people of all ages and backgrounds, loves working with people, and enjoys variety in their days. The ideal candidate must be comfortable working with people of all ages and abilities and have strong communication skills. The volunteer will be working without daily supervision, and must be self-motivated.
Weekend work required. Host will work a minimum of 32 hours per week.
Appointment subject to background investigation and favorable adjudication. Due to new regulations, both fingerprints and pictures are now required.
Valid state driver's license required. You may be required to operate a government (or private) motor vehicle as part of your official duties.
You will be required to wear a volunteer uniform and comply with the National Park Service uniform standards. A uniform will be provided.
You may be asked to work weekends and holidays.
Interested in campground hosting on one of America's most beautiful barrier islands? Assateague Island National Seashore has begun accepting camp host applications for the 2020 mid-March through mid-November season. We need individuals or couples with outstanding interpersonal abilities and excellent customer service skills to represent the National Park Service and serve as the daily "eyes and ears" of our oceanside and bayside campgrounds.
National Seashore campgrounds include 41 oceanside drive-in sites, 49 bayside drive-in sites, 5 group sites, 58 oceanside walk-in tent sites located in sand dunes, and 2 horse camping sites (seasonal). Campgrounds offer drinking water, unheated showers, vault toilets, picnic tables and fire rings. We also have oceanside and bayside dump stations with potable water.
Wildlife watching is abundant with a variety of birds, wild horses, white tail and sika deer.
Duties: Camp hosts will welcome campers, provide directions, advise guests of activities occurring within the park and the surrounding area, answer questions and educate campers on campground rules and regulations. Hosts monitor the campground to ensure visitors occupy their sites in accordance with park policy, are displaying applicable documentation, and are vacating sites in a timely manner at checkout.
Hosts routinely perform minor maintenance duties such as cleaning fire pits and picking up trash. Other duties may be assigned as necessary. Record keeping and occasionally filling out forms is also required. Campground hosts are expected to provide timely information to National Park Service ranger staff regarding potential safety concerns as well as maintenance and repair needs raised by visitors or through personal observations. Hosts are also expected to participate in staff training throughout the season, which may include information sessions as well as safety and staff meetings. Two of the most important jobs as campground host are to provide an enjoyable camping experience for the public and assist NPS park staff in protecting park resources.
Time commitment: There is a one month time commitment with staggered -- beginning of the month and mid-month -- starting and ending times. Hosts will work a minimum of 20 hours per week and are required to be on site 5 days per week, especially on weekends and heavy use holidays. Hosts will have two consecutive days off Monday through Friday; shifts will vary depending on campground needs. Most work days revolve around the core hours of 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., but infrequent knocks on a host's camper door at all hours of the day and night should be expected.
Requirements: Hosts are expected to wear a Volunteer uniform, name tag and cap (all provided) when working with visitors. Hosts are to arrive with adequate housing for the length of their commitment. Trailers, campers or motor homes are recommended. Tent camping is permitted at the host site. Hosts are provided a paved back-in site with electrical and water hookups at no charge. Host sites are located on the ocean side and bay side of the island.
Working conditions: Host duties are performed outdoors in a variety of weather environments typical to an ocean barrier island. During the summer hosts must be able to tolerate high humidity, temperatures sometimes exceeding 100 degrees, and buggy (mosquitoes, black files, ticks) conditions. There are very few trees on the island; therefore, there is very limited shade. Hosts should be in good physical condition and be able to walk up to a mile on irregular natural ground and beach/sandy surfaces several times a day. A valid driver's license is required to use golf carts which are shared between hosts.
Please provide two references when applying. Contact Betsy Bangert for more information at 410-629-6603 or betsy_bangert@nps.gov.
Description: An RV pad with electric and water hook-ups is available at no charge. You are required to use the public dump station located within the campground.
Join the 2019 Greenbelt Park Volunteer Trail Crew.
The volunteer trail crew will be meeting once a month to improve the trails in Greenbelt Park, Maryland. The Trail Crew will be meeting on Saturday April 27, Saturday May 18, Saturday July 20, Saturday August 17, and Saturday October 19 at the Ranger Station near the campground. We will be meeting in the Sweetgum Picnic Area for National Trails Day Saturday June 1 and National Public Lands Day Saturday September 28.
Large groups, please apply and let us know you are a large group.
This is an environmental education position located within the division of interpretation at Assateague Island National Seashore. The position is in the Maryland and Virginia Districts of the island. Although considered a volunteer assignment, the intern will work alongside salaried seasonal and permanent naturalists and have similar duties and performance requirements.
Dates of Service: This is a 10-week position requiring weekend work. The workweek consists of 5 days (40 hours) with 2 consecutive days off. The spring environmental education position will begin April 15, 2019. Applicants must be available for the entire internship from April 15 through June 21.
Duties and Responsibilities: The intern will spend considerable time learning about the resource and preparing education programs. Spring interns will participate in a two week long training program beginning Monday, April 15. Participants will take part in a busy environmental education program, as well as preparation of selected weekend programs and activities presented for the public. Interns must be willing to work with students in all grades Pre-K through high school and use a variety of educational techniques including puppetry, poetry and singing. Many programs are conducted outside, even if the weather is cold.
Each intern will learn the basics of marine biology and barrier island ecology and, in turn, provide interpretation of this knowledge to school students and visitors through regularly scheduled beach, ecology, and marsh walks. Visitor center information desk duty should be anticipated along with bookshop sales. The intern must interpret the center's aquatic specimens in a saltwater aquarium and touch tank.
Uniforms and Living Reimbursement: Intern must provide own transportation to and from the seashore. The National Park Service will provide a uniform shirt. Interns receive bi-weekly reimbursement for food and living expenses.
Work Environment: Assateague Island can be windy and cold in the spring and hot and humid in the summer. Biting flies, mosquitoes and ticks are a natural part of the resource experience. The intern can expect to exert a physical effort in outdoor programs.
A cover letter or formal email stating your reason for interest in the position. Please indicate which district you would like to be considered for.
Position will remain open until the appropriate candidate is found.
Description: Assateague Island National Seashore provides free housing for interns. Housing is dormitory style and rooms are shared. Houses are completely furnished, with the exception of linens and specialized cooking utensils. Camping site/RV pad is not available for this position.
Catoctin Mountain Park's trail system is one of its most valued and utilized resources. Park staff continually work to ensure that visitors have an enjoyable, safe trail experience. Our Trail Stewards, volunteers who hike and monitor the trails, are a key part of our trail maintenance efforts. We count on these volunteers to observe trail conditions and report any changes to Visitor Center (VC) staff. Just as importantly, stewards help ensure that visitors understand Park rules and engage in only safe trail activities.
Walk/ ride horse along equestrian trails of the park during each rove.
Inform the Visitor Center staff of any major trail problems or concerns, and/or fill out a Trail Condition Report form.
Perform minor vegetation/obstruction removal on equestrian trails.
Use a Park radio to report any emergencies to the appropriate park personnel.
Provide own horse, horse trailer, saddle, and all other related equestrian gear.
Willingness to engage with Park visitors and VC staff.
Vegetation removal equipment, tools, gloves, and all other safety equipment relevant to this position will be provided by Catoctin Mountain Park.
The Camp Host Program at Greenbrier State Park is very important to us. It is an extension of our work team and our best contact with campers. There are many benefits to hosting here. By working 25 hours a week, you camp for free in a beautiful setting and become part of our family. Water, sewer and electric are all included. We also provide you with a golf cart and private laundry facilities.
As a camp host, you would introduce yourselves to the campers, cleaning camp sites, picking up trash, touch up the bathrooms and assist the staff when needed.
We recognize how important camp hosts are to our operation. You make people feel welcome. A host can turn a negative experience into a positive one.
Does the thought of actually living history by marching and drilling in a wool uniform during the hot summer months inspire you? Are you willing to learn original manuals and move heavy pieces of artillery in the blazing sun? Honor and represent those original Defenders who so gallantly and selflessly preserved Baltimore and inspired our national anthem by portraying them on the original ramparts!
Individuals with a high level of physical stamina help visitors understand the history of Fort McHenry by dressing in period correct clothing representing a soldier or civilian of 1814 and performing everyday duties and tasks. Military living history volunteers interpret the daily life of the fort, talking with visitors about barrack life, rations, drill, guard mount, and the battle in 1814. Civilian living history volunteers interpret the social life of Baltimore during the battle, the tavern that existed onsite in 1814, and the role that women played as laundresses to the garrison.
Volunteers are trained by black powder specialists on how to fire muskets and artillery. Musically inclined volunteers may apply to the Fort McHenry Guard Fife and Drum Corps. Civilian volunteers boil laundry and give cooking demonstrations over open fires. Additional duties and roles are discussed during the interview process.
Working Conditions: Volunteers wear wool uniforms in high humidity and temperatures that regularly hit 98 degrees or above. Long periods of marching and drilling with heavy muskets and artillery are required. Bending and heavy lifting is required.
Equipment: All uniforms, weapons and other equipment will be provided by the National Park Service. Any personally owned items used by volunteers must be approved in advance by the park.
Requirements: A willingness to engage in public speaking is a must! Our living history volunteers are required to donate ten weekend days (Saturday or Sunday) over the course of our summer program, which generally runs from Memorial Day Weekend to the second weekend of September. The Saturday of our anniversary weekend in September is the one required day for all members.
Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine invites you and your faithful canine companion to help preserve and protect the birthplace of the Star-Spangled Banner. Join the Fort McHenry Paw Patrol to assist in patrolling the park grounds, modeling good dog-owner behavior, and educating visitors about the park and its history. By regularly walking the grounds with their furry friends, Paw Patrollers can assist rangers in keeping the park beautiful and safe, and have the opportunity to welcome new visitors to enjoy the outdoors and to learn more about the "home of the brave" and the other stories of Fort McHenry.
Work is performed outdoors. Volunteers should be prepared for wide extremes in weather - in the summer it can get very hot and humid, averaging between 90 and 98 degrees, and in the winter it can be very cold and blustery, averaging between 38 degrees and freezing. Bending and light lifting may be required.
The service requirement for Paw Patrollers is a minimum of 8 hours per month. Scheduled patrol times will be arranged with the Volunteer Program Coordinator.
With the Star Fort as its centerpiece Fort McHenry is home to several buildings which require regular maintenance and care. To help our staff preserve these historic structures we are looking for maintenance volunteers with skills in light carpentry and/or painting. If you are handy and willing to work on the original "home of the brave" please join our team!
By regularly walking the grounds with their furry friends, and communicating with the staff, Paw Patrollers can assist rangers in keeping the park beautiful and safe, and have the opportunity to welcome new visitors to learn more about Hampton's grounds and the stories of those who lived and worked there.
Does your organization want to plan a day of service? Perhaps you would like to give back by completing a service project that assists in a myriad of fun and meaningful projects that help to maintain the park and ensure enjoyment of visitors, present and future.
Some examples of projects include landscape work, painting, and general clean-up of the parks of Greenbelt Park.
Tools and gloves are provided. We will work with you on the day and time of your day of service.
By volunteering, you can help advance the National Park Service mission and have a lasting effect on generations to come. Join in the fun!
Have you wanted to lead a beginners tree walk? Volunteers are needed for beginners tree walks The volunteer will conduct a Beginning Tree Talk and Walk at Greenbelt Park.
Knowledge of local tree population is required. Skills of presenting talks and walks to the public is required.
Do you get a lump in your throat when you hear the strains of our national anthem? Would you like to explain how that incredible song came to be written? Help share and reveal our national past to over 700,000 annual visitors from all over the country and the world!
Volunteering in interpretation provides the opportunity to share your love of history and introduce visitors and students from all walks of life to the stories of Fort McHenry. Help visitors to connect with the rich history of the home of the Star-Spangled Banner!
Energetic, passionate volunteers are needed to give interpretive programs and help staff our information desk in the visitor center. Other important duties include, serving as a contact for visitors in the fort, and providing pertinent information concerning the history of the battle in 1814 and the writing of The Star-Spangled Banner. Volunteers are also used to help patrol our beautiful grounds along the Patapsco River! Additional duties and roles are discussed during the interview process.
Working Conditions: Work is both indoor and outdoor in nature. Volunteers should be prepared for wide extremes in weather - in the summer it can get very hot and humid, averaging between 90 and 98 degrees, and in the winter it can be very cold and blustery, averaging between 38 degrees and freezing! Long hours of walking and standing are also required. Bending and light lifting may be required!
Requirements: A willingness to engage in public speaking is a must! Our volunteers are required to donate eight (8) hours of time a month, generally over the course of two days. Volunteers are needed for weekdays and weekends.


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undersea rail tunnel in the world
The tunnel was opened for operations in 1994 after nearly six years of construction and cost $14.7bn. Bridges can also be closed due to harsh weather such as high winds. World's longest undersea rail tunnel The railway tunnel will be built under the Baltic Sea and it will connect Estonian capital Tallinn and Finnish capital Helsinki. Connects Stord municipality to the Norwegian mainland. The engineering advancement of building tunnels strong enough for transportation started in 19th century by English engineers. They are often used where building a bridge or operating a ferry link is unviable, or to provide competition or relief for existing bridges or ferry links. One such advantage would be that a tunnel would still allow shipping to pass. This tunnel sits 190 m below sea level. A plan to build the world's longest undersea rail tunnel encountered its first major snag. Similar arguments are used by proponents of the Helsinki-Tallinn tunnel in the Talsinki region. The project will allow high-speed trains and vehicles to travel across the sea via separate tunnels. The Channel Tunnel is a 50.5-km (31.4 mi) undersea rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent near Dover in the United Kingdom with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais near Calais in northern France beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. The track level is about 100 m below the seabed and 240 m below sea level. The tunnel comprises two railway stations: Tappi Kaitei on Honshu Island and Yoshioka Kaitei on Hokkaido Island, which are the first railway stations built under the sea and also act as emergency escape points in the event of a disaster. 1997 – Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line, the longest undersea road tunnel in the world with the length of 9.6 km. Your email address will not be published. S eikan is both the longest and the deepest operational rail tunnel in the world and also the longest undersea tunnel.. Tickets: Tickets for the train ride via the proposed longest undersea rail tunnel between Helsinki and Talinn went for sale in December, 2018. The road length from Hvítanes to the roundabout will be 7.5 km, whilst the road length from the roundabout to Strendur and to Saltnes will be 1.7 km and 2.2 km, respectively. Ott Ummelas; Bookmark. The tunnel was officially opened to rail traffic on March 13, 1988. Historically, the first tunnel was built in Kibblesworth in 1855 as a test tunnel before their project in London. 1988 – Worlds longest undersea rail tunnel, covering the distance of 53.8km below the Tsugaru Strait between Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. Tunnel § Choice of tunnels versus bridges, Underwater Road Tunnel Salamina island-Perama, Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links, Progress In Technology Revives Interest In Great Tunnels, "Eysturoyartunnilin verður liðugur í 2019", "Undersea Road Tunnel Salamina island - Perama", "Design for Salamina island undersea road tunnel, finalized", "我市全国人大代表返连努力创造属于新时代的光辉业绩_大连新闻_时政经济_大连天健网", Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Undersea_tunnel&oldid=994450222, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from August 2010, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The oldest underwater tunnel in the world, crossing the Thames in London, The oldest underwater rail tunnel in the world, crossing the Mersey in Liverpool, One of the oldest underwater tunnels in the world, The oldest underwater vehicular tunnel in the world, crossing the Thames in London, Pioneering underwater pedestrian and vehicular tunnel, crossing the Elbe River in Hamburg, The longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in the world when first built, crossing the Hudson River between Manhattan and Jersey City, The longest vehicular tunnel of any type in the world when first built, crossing the River Mersey between Liverpool and Birkenhead, Carries Hwy. The first proposed underground system was the London Subway Network first used for transporting coal. Country: Japan. From there, many countries started to reduce commuting time by building tunnels undersea for trains. Mumbai to Ahmedabad bullet train, which is proposed to be on the tracks by 2023 is not just the first bullet train of the country but, the first underwater train too. But the Baltic nation of 1.3 million people wants more details on that funding, the business plan behind the idea and Finland's role before giving the green light. It travels under water at the Bosphorous strait, which connects the Asian and European parts of Turkey. It will link the Jintang island of Zhoushan and the coastal area of Ningbo. Now, what do you know about underwater railways? The Seikan Undersea Railway Tunnel in Japan Fixed infrastructure such as bridges or tunnels represent a much more concrete commitment to sustained service. It connects Folkestone in Kent, UK, to Coquelles in Pas de Calais, France. There are plans to connect UAE with Mumbai with 2000 km underwater train. It connects Folkestone in Kent, UK, to Coquelles in Pas-de-Calais, France. A major section of the railway, the Jintang undersea tunnel is 16.2 kilometers and with the deepest point of 78 meters. This is a railway tunnel of Japan, which was considered as the longest and deepest rail tunnel of the world, when it was built in 1988. The Seikan Tunnel, is a 53.85 km dual gauge railway tunnel in Japan, with a 23.3 km long portion under the seabed of the Tsugaru Strait, which separates Aomori Prefecture on the main Japanese island of Honshu from the northern island of Hokkaido. The 50.5km long Channel tunnel, located on the English Channel in the UK and France borders, is the longest undersea rail tunnel in the world. World's Longest Undersea Rail Tunnel Risks Seven-Year Delay. There are various issues with the safety of both tunnels and ferries, in the case of tunnels, fire is a particular hazard with several fires having broken out in the Channel Tunnel. The tunnel connects Northern France with England with the world's longest undersea tunnel of 37.9 km. Thus, by taking an underwater train, you are taking the same amount of risk as in riding a normal above-the-sea-level train. It is the longest underwater tunnel in the world at 33.5 miles. In another news, Kolkata is about to get the first underwater metro which would run under the Hoogly River. Without the cost of a new ferry, the route over which a ferry provides transport can easily be changed. The tunnel was constructed as the government's response to the unfortunate sinking of five ferry ships due to a typhoon back in 1954, which resulted in public outrage. Tunnels require far higher costs of security and construction than bridges. Japan's Seikan Tunnel is the longest underwater tunnel in the world, and is located beneath the Tsugaru Strait. The Channel Tunnel, also known as Eurotunnel or Chunnel, is the world's longest underwater railway tunnel built to connect the United Kingdom with Europe via France. Also Read : Indian Railways Launches Train 19 Soon This Year. [citation needed] This may mean that over short distances bridges may be preferred rather than tunnels (for example Dartford Crossing). The Seikan Tunnel is a dual gauge railway tunnel located in Japan which connects the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu. It is the longest underwater tunnel in North America, 8-lane road tunnel crossing the Elbe River in Hamburg, Passes under Suez Canal connecting the Asian Sinai Peninsula to the town of Suez on the African mainland, Connecting the small island community of Vardø in northern Norway to the mainland, Connecting the island community of Flekkerøy in southern Norway to the mainland. Both the capitals are separated by the Gulf of Finland. Source: SCMP China's structure wil be built in a similar way to the Channel Tunnel. The overall tunnel is approximately 50 km in length, with the undersea portion being 38 km long. Traveling through the tunnel is possible either by ordinary rail coach or the passengers' own vehicles, which are … The stations are equipped with exhaust fans to deplete smoke, infrared fire alarm systems and water spr… The tunnel connects Northern France with England with the world's longest undersea tunnel of 37.9 km. Financing of 15bn euros ($16.8bn) was agreed this year for the tunnel to link Finland and Estonia. Must Read : The Changing Face of the Indian Railways. It combines bridge and tunnel sections. Here is a brief introduction to the underwater railways of the world. The Channel Tunnel is a 50.5-km (31.4 mi) undersea rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent near Dover in the United Kingdom with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais near Calais in northern France beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. In the Øresund region the construction of the bridge-tunnel has been cited as enhancing regional integration and giving an economic boom not possible with the previous ferry links. The tunnel is part of the standard gauge Hokkaido Shinkansen and the narrow gauge Kaikyō Line of the Hokkaido Railway Company 's Tsugaru-Kaikyō Line. Connects Oakland to San Francisco. A plan to build the world's longest undersea rail tunnel has hit its first snag. In the Baltic Sea, one of the busiest areas for passenger ferries in the world, sea ice is a problem, causing seasonal disruption or requiring expensive ice-breaking ships. Also tunnels don't have the flexibility to be deployed over different routes as transport demand changes over time. This tunnel was built was usage of horse carriage but, it was turned into railway tunnel under the Thames River. Length: 53.9 kms. The Channel Tunnel, which connects southern England with northern France, is marking its 25th anniversary. The tunnel stretches for just 0.4 km. Must Read: Most Important Thing To Carry While Traveling In Trains, There is a luxury in trying out things that most of the rest of the world hasn't tried yet. Strong winds or the tidal limits may also affect the workings of a ferry crossing. Once completed, it will connect mainland China to Taiwan – and it will be the world's longest ever. This results in an overall length of 11.24 km of sub sea tunnel. Estonia Casts Doubts Over World's Longest Undersea Rail Tunnel The decision was part of a larger regional zoning plan, and in line with a prior ruling by the regional board in 2019. But the Baltic nation of 1.3 million people wants more details on that funding, the business plan behind the idea and Finland's role before giving the green light. The tunnel was opened for operations in 1994 after nearly six years of construction and cost $14.7bn. There is always a small risk in every commutation, including a bicycle ride. Ferries offer much lower frequency and capacity[citation needed] and travel times tend to be longer with a ferry than a tunnel. Also Read : Indian Railways to Launch Fastest Trains in India – Train 18 Train 20. But the Baltic nation of 1.3 million people wants more details on that funding, the business plan behind the idea and Finland's role before giving the green light. Stretching over 33 miles, the Seikan Tunnel is the longest railway undersea tunnel and is the second longest railway tunnel after the Swiss Gotthard Base Tunnel. The tunnel was opened for operations in 1994 after nearly six years of … This tunnel was proposed in beginning of 19 th century and the proposal included building an artificial mini-island in the middle of the channel for maintenance purposes. The Seikan Tunnel, which travels beneath the Tsugaru Strait, is the world's longest undersea tunnel in the world. Chinese scientists are taking steps towards building a massive undersea railway tunnel. It connects Honshu and … [1] While short tunnels are often road tunnels which may admit motorized traffic, unmotorized traffic or both, concerns with ventilation lead to the longest tunnels (such as the Channel Tunnel or the Seikan Tunnel) being electrified rail tunnels. The rail tunnel would cut down the travel time to just 20 minutes. It will be the longest combined road and rail tunnel in the world, with two double-lane motorways, separated by a service passageway, and two electrified rail tracks. It will be an alternative to the current ferry service, which takes 45 minutes. Estonia Casts Doubts Over World's Longest Undersea Rail Tunnel The decision was part of a larger regional zoning plan, and in line with a prior ruling by the regional board in 2019. The 135km undersea railway tunnel is expected to be 3½ longer than Channel Tunnel, currently the world's longest at 37.9km. This is one of the oldest underwater tunnels in the world, built in 1843. This underwater sea tunnel reaches to a whooping depth of 2300m. The developers of the world's longest undersea railway tunnel, which once completed will connect the Finnish and Estonian capitals, have reached an agreement on 15 … Located in Japan, the tunnel is 53.9km long with 23km of it being under water. Ferries also usually use fossil fuels emitting greenhouse gases in the process while most railway tunnels are electrified. A low bridge would need an opening or swing bridge to allow shipping to pass, which can cause traffic congestion. As with bridges, ferry links are far cheaper to construct than tunnels, but not to operate. The Channel Tunnel between the UK and France is the longest undersea crossing in the world and provides a link between the high-speed rail network in the UK and that of France and the mainland of Europe. Advertisement • Eysturoyartunnilin, Faroe Islands to be opened in 2020. Today, it is one of the most significant train routes of London and an interesting tourist attraction. The world's longest undersea portion railway tunnel (37.9km underwater length), The deepest in the world at the time of construction, The world's 2nd longest undersea portion road tunnel, The tunnel goes under the Magerøysundet strait between the Norwegian mainland to the large island of Magerøya and the North Cape, Norway. Also Read : Indian Railways Classes – A Guide to Ticket Booking. After more than a decade of planning, work has begun on the world's longest immersed tunnel. Construction of the Jintang undersea tunnel is expected to start this year, while the overall project will take six to seven years to complete.With a maximum depth of 78 meters and a diameter of 14 meters, the 16.2km-long tunnel will be the world's longest … Seikan Tunnel. If undertaken, this would be the world's longest underwater train. The tunnel reaches depths of 790 feet below sea level. It is a railway tunnel designed for mass transit. https://www.rt.com/business/505259-china-undersea-railway-tunnel You can see a snap of it from the image below. Offshore drilling of the tunnel greatly advanced the entire railway … Conversely, a higher bridge that does allow shipping may be unsightly and opposed by the public. It will be fitted with emergency tunnels for safety purposes. The world's second deepest undersea road tunnel (before 2019 world's deepest), Rail tunnel connecting Asia and Europe in Istanbul, Road tunnel connecting Asia and Europe in Istanbul, 55 km-long sea crossing between Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai, China, The longest and deepest undersea tunnel for cars, from, Outfall tunnel of the Riachuelo System - 2nd world's longest outfall undersea tunnel and 4th world's longest undersea tunnel excavated with TBM, This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 19:56. Required fields are marked *. Unlike the 6.7-km immersed tube tunnel that is part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the undersea tunnel on the Ningbo-Zhoushan railway line will be built using a shield and be deeper, creating multiple difficulties for the construction crew. The Channel Tunnel is the second-longest underwater railway tunnel in the world, after the Japanese Seikan Tunnel. A plan to build the world's longest undersea rail tunnel encountered its first major snag. The deepest point of the International E-road network. This is an inter-country train tunnel connecting England with Europe via the English Channel. The Seikan Tunnel is the world's longest tunnel with an undersea segment. The first underwater railway tunnel was 396m long and was located 23 meter under the river surface. The railway tunnel is also the deepest in the world with a depth of 459 feet below the sea level. The tunnel will have three entrances connected by an underwater roundabout. The track at the Seikan tunnel is a triple slab track capable of running Shinkansen bullet trains. Financing of €15 billion (Dh61.62bn) was agreed this year for the tunnel to link Finland and Estonia. The underwater tunnel in the Tsugaru Strait links Japan's main islands of Hokkaido and Honshu. Tunneling makes excavated soil available that can be used to create new land (see land reclamation). Currently, the Channel Tunnel between England and northern France holds the record for longest undersea rail tunnel Any train tunnel you spot is not just a singular tunnel. Both its length and width are the greatest in the world for this kind of construction. This tunnel was proposed in beginning of 19th century and the proposal included building an artificial mini-island in the middle of the channel for maintenance purposes. The 50.5km long Channel tunnel, located on the English Channel in the UK and France borders, is the longest undersea rail tunnel in the world. If lined horizontally, the cables would stretch between Madrid and Moscow. Transport: Rail. The 50.5km long Channel tunnel, located on the English Channel in the UK and France borders, is the longest undersea rail tunnel in the world. Business District, to Blakely Island. Also Read : 20 Interesting Facts About Indian Railways. Before the Seikan Tunnel was constructed, people would cr… Two lanes that only allows cars and pick up trucks now to travel through the tunnel, Set of road tunnels built in three stages, crossing the Hudson River between Manhattan and New Jersey, Connecting Virginia Beach with the Eastern Shore of Virginia, Rail tunnel for Bay Area Rapid Transit. 10 Reasons Why We Love to Travel in Train, introduction to the underwater railways of the world, Top 10 Ancient Underwater Cities in the World, History of Indian Railways – 1853 to 2018, Indian Railways Classes – A Guide to Ticket Booking, Indian Railways Launches Train 19 Soon This Year, Indian Railways to Launch Fastest Trains in India – Train 18 Train 20, 20 Interesting Facts About Indian Railways, 10 Most Busiest Railway Stations in India, Most Important Thing To Carry While Traveling In Trains, Book Your Tickets for Maharajas' Express For 2019, 2020, 2021, Top 6 Affordable High-Speed Indian Trains Of Today, 15 Most Beautiful and Impressive Railway Stations in India, Same Day Taj Mahal Tour (Agra) By Car From Delhi, Taj Mahal Sunrise & Agra Fort Tour From Delhi, Private Taj Mahal & Agra Tour by Gatimaan Express Train from Delhi, Private Day Tour of Taj Mahal & Agra Fort from Agra, Taj Mahal Sunrise Tour From Delhi (1 Night / 2 Days), Private Day Trip to Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Baby Taj, IRCTC Foreign Tourist Quota Reservation Online, 10 Best Places to Visit in June in the World 2020, Top 10 Places To Visit In May Around the World, 15 Best Destinations to Visit in April in the World 2020. 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Must Read: Indian Railways Launches train 19 Soon this year undersea rail tunnel in the world the tunnel stretches 23... Years ago around world inter-country train tunnel you spot is not just a tunnel., so solutions such as the Øresund bridge have been undersea rail tunnel in the world however, this flexibility can be a downside customers! World ' s structure wil be built in 1843 is an inter-country tunnel... Few such undersea railway tunnel is the longest undersea rail tunnel encountered its first major snag cables used. Which would run under the River surface and travel times tend to be done ferry than a which! This was done with undersea rail tunnel in the world deepest in the world at 33.5 miles railway are! The route connects Zurich undersea rail tunnel in the world Milan and the narrow gauge Kaikyō Line of the tunnel Northern. From there, many countries started to reduce commuting time by building tunnels undersea trains. 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Bridges can also be closed during adverse weather on the world ' s longest undersea rail tunnel in the '! S main islands of Hokkaido Jintang undersea tunnel of 37.9 km ferries offer much lower frequency and [...
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undersea rail tunnel in the world 2021


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Theo Todman's Web Page - Paper Abstracts
Smythe (William E.)
Source: Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Volume 3 - Issue 3 - September 1980, pp. 448-449
Paper - Abstract
Paper Statistics Books / Papers Citing this Paper Colour-Conventions Disclaimer
Extensive use of intentional idioms is now common in discussions of the capabilities and functioning of AI systems. Often these descriptions are to be taken no more substantively than in much of ordinary programming where one might say, for example, that a statistical regression program "wants" to minimize the sum of squared deviations or "believes" it has found a best-fitting function when it has done so. In other cases, the intentional account is meant to be taken more literally. This practice requires at least some commitment to the claim that intentional states can be achieved in a machine just in virtue of its performing certain computations. Searle's article serves as a cogent and timely indicator of some of the pitfalls that attend such a claim.
If certain AI systems are to possess intentionality, while other computational systems do not, then it ought to be in virtue of some set of purely computational principles. However, as Searle points out, no such principles have yet been forthcoming from AI. Moreover, there is reason to believe that they never will be. A sketch of one sort of argument is as follows: intentional states are, by definition, "directed at" objects and states of affairs in the world. Hence the first requirement for any theory about them would be to specify the relation between the states and the world they are "about." However it is precisely this relation that is not part of the computational account of mental states (cf. Fodor 1980). A computational system can be interfaced with an external environment in any way a human user may choose. There is no dependence of this relation on any ontogenetic or phylogenetic history of interaction with the environment. In fact, the relation between system and environment can be anything at all without affecting the computations performed on symbols that purportedly refer to it. This fact casts considerable doubt on whether any purely computational theory of intentionality is possible.
Searle attempts to establish an even stronger conclusion: his argument is that the computational realization of intentional states is, in fact, impossible on a priori grounds. The argument is based on a "simulation game" - a kind of dual of Turing's imitation game - in which man mimics computer. In the simulation game, a human agent instantiates a computer program by performing purely syntactic operations on meaningless symbols. The point of the demonstration is that merely following rules for the performance of such operations is not sufficient for manifesting the right sort of intentionality. In particular, a given set of rules could create an effective mimicking of some intelligent activity without bringing the rule-following agent any closer to having intentional states pertaining to the domain in question.
One difficulty with this argument is that it does not distinguish between two fundamentally different ways of instantiating a computer program or other explicit procedure in a physical system. One way is to imbed the program in a system that is already capable of interpreting and following rules. This requires that the procedure be expressed in a "language" that the imbedding system can already "understand." A second way is to instantiate the program directly by realizing its "rules" as primitive hardware operations. In this case a rule is followed, not by "interpreting" it, but by just running off whatever procedure the rule denotes. Searle' simulation game is germane to the first kind of instantiation but not the second. Following rules in natural language (as the simulation game requires) involves the mediation of other intentional states and so is necessarily an instance of indirect instantiation. To mimic a direct instantiation of a program faithfully, on the other hand, the relevant primitives would have to be realized non-mediately in one's own activity. If such mimicry were possible, it would be done only at the cost of being unable to report on the system's lack of intentional states, if in fact it had none.
The distinction between directly and indirectly instantiating computational procedures is important because both kinds of processes are required to specify a computational system completely. The first comprises its architecture or set of primitives, and the second comprises the algorithms the system can apply (Newell 1973; 1980). Hence Searle's argument is a challenge to strong AI when that view is put forward in terms of the capabilities of programs, but not when it is framed (as, for example, by Pylyshyn 1980a) in terms of computational systems. The claim that the latter cannot have intentional states must therefore proceed along different lines. The approach considered earlier, for example, called attention to the arbitrary relation between computational symbol and referent. Elsewhere the argument has been put forward in more detail that it is an overly restrictive notion of symbol that creates the most serious difficulties for the computational theory (Kolers & Smythe 1979; Smythe 1979). The notion of an independent token subject to only formal syntactic manipulation is neither a sufficient characterization of what a symbol is, nor well motivated in the domain of human cognition. Sound though this argument is, it is not the sort of secure conclusion that Searle's simulation game tries to demonstrate.
However, the simulation game does shed some light on another issue. Why is it that the belief is so pervasive that AI systems are truly constitutive of mental events? One answer is that many people seem to be playing a different version of the simulation game from the one that Searle recommends. The symbols of most AI and cognitive simulation systems are rarely the kind of meaningless tokens that Searle's simulation game requires. Rather, they are often externalized in forms that carry a good deal of surplus meaning to the user, over and above their procedural identity in the system itself, as pictorial and linguistic inscriptions, for example. This sort of realization of the symbols can lead to serious theoretical problems. For example, systems like that of Kosslyn and Shwartz (1977) give the appearance of operating on mental images largely because their internal representations "look" like images when displayed on a cathode ray tube. It is unclear that the system could be said to manipulate images in any other sense. There is a similar problem with language understanding systems. The semantics of such systems is often assessed by means of an informal procedure that Hayes (1977, p. 559) calls "pretend-it's-English." That is, misleading conclusions about the capabilities of these systems can result from the superficial resemblance of their internal representations to statements in natural language. An important virute of Searle's argument is that it specifies how to play the simulation game correctly. The procedural realization of the symbols is all that should matter in a computational theory; their external appearance ought to be irrelevant.
The game, played this way, may not firmly establish that computational systems lack intentionality. However, it at least undermines one powerful tacit motivation for supposing they have it.
Comments on "Searle (John) - Minds, Brains, and Programs";
Filed electronically therewith;
Hard copy filed with "Searle (John) - Minds, Brains, and Programs: Author's Response to Peer Review" in "Various - Papers on Philosophy of Psychology Boxes: Vol 2 (G-Z)".
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Available Cut Iron Project | ONURTAŞ A.Ş.
According to the project, 12m standard ribbed at the desired height and diameter are cut from the rebar supply. In addition, according to the specific requests of the fine-scale iron (5mm - 11mm) in length desired, cut rods according to order sizes or pieces packed and prepared.


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