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HerScie 09-01-007
Scientific Mythologies
How Science and Science Fiction Forge New Religious Beliefs
James A. Herrick
IVP Academic, 2008, 288 pp., ISBN 978-0-8308-2588-2
James Herrick is Professor of Communication at Hope College in Holland, MI. He is the author of three other books. Science fiction has a great capacity to shape both public opinion and scientific opinion.
More than half of the adult population of the United States believes that contact with 'superior' and 'friendly' space aliens is likely! (15) "We appear to have entered a second pagan era, complete with a new mythology. Disturbingly, our mythologies have a way of shaping who we are and what we are becoming. (17)
"Science fiction has emerged as a formidable social force with a worldwide reach and an international audience…." (22) Science fiction often addresses ultimate questions such as where did we come from, why are we here and is there a God? (23)
The popular books, movies and TV series, such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E.T., Alien, Star Trek and The X-Files (and now video gaming) have proselytized people into a new way of believing and gaining religious knowledge. (24)
"Mythologies are transcendent stories that address ultimate questions and that typically also involve the interaction of deities with humanity. But our modern scientific mythologies are also crafted to be persuasive." "Our scientific mythologies are a powerful cultural engine for inventing and for propagating a worldview that stands in marked contrast to, and seeks to move its audiences away from, traditional monotheistic religious perspectives, in particular the Judeo-Christian tradition." (27)
New Myths for a New Age
"Myths are the carriers of our guiding values, the expression of our moral precepts, and the means by which imagination is shaped. Ideas and values move into the public mind and down the generations by the vehicle of narrative. A myth is a narrative engaging with timeless themes and seeking to define humanity's place in the larger scheme of things." (30)
Myths shape perceptions of reality. Today our path to myth lies through our current territory of truth: science and technology. (33) Our modern myths develop out of the powerful systems of entertainment and science. (35) We do not have the option of understanding our strange new quantum world without the use of myths. (36)
"The myths shaping the public imagination are often derived by "blending well-substantiated facts with freewheeling speculation, scientific research with straight fiction, and objective observation with subjective worldview peddling." (36) Works on spirituality move back and forth between theological claims and the latest scientific speculations. Where does science end and fiction begin? (37)
The Myth of the Extraterrestrial
"Despite their disparate purposes, these mass-media extraterrestrials have one thing in common--all are portrayed as more 'advanced' than the humans they seek…. Regardless of where one resides in the cosmos, evolution reigns supreme." (44)
"Science-fiction portrayals of extraterrestrials have shaped scientists' ideas about likely alien life." (50) The myth of the Extraterrestrial is deeply entrenched in the Western mind. We have a strangely unfounded confidence in their desire to help humanity. (51)
Physicist and author Carl Sagan was extremely influential in propagating the Myth of the Extraterrestrial. The TV series Cosmos was often a commercial for efforts to communicate with possible extraterrestrial life. (63) Some of the aliens imagined by Sagan achieve almost divine status: he postulated there may be 'supercivilization gods,'…." (66)
"In the dramatic closing scenes of Steven Spielberg's classic UFO film, Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), alien beings emerge from their gigantic craft bathed in brilliant light. In this cinematic rendition of the Myth of the Extraterrestrial, all of human history has led up to this moment of revelation: humanity's deliverance has finally arrived from the skies. One member of the hand-picked crowd of scientists and military personnel approaching the alien craft actually falls on his knees in reverent response to the enormous, illuminated spaceship that resembles a majestic heavenly city. Upon seeing the craft, another says, 'Oh, my God.'" (68)
"The extraterrestrials of Close Encounters are angels of a new age, here to take charge of us, to teach us what we need to know…." (69) Like E.T., their divinity is apparently a result of evolutionary advancement, "the two notions being often conflated in science fiction and thus in the public mind. …evolution will eventually produce peaceful, godlike beings…" (69)
Orthodox theologian Seraphim Rose has written, "Science fiction has given the images, 'evolution' has produced the philosophy, and the technology of the 'space age' has supplied the plausibility for such encounters." (71)
Author and filmmaker Michael Crichton speaks for a minority when he says, "The belief that there are other life forms in the universe is a matter of faith. There is not a single shred of evidence…." (72) But facts and policies tend to organize around stories and the Myth of the Extraterrestrial is a powerful story.
The Myth of Space
Science and science fiction have firmly fixed the idea of Space in the Western imagination. Conquest of Space, the final frontier, marks the final human escape from the confines of all earthly limitations. (75) It is also the place for resolution of ultimate questions. In science fiction deep spiritual questions are answered in Space. (76)
Our dreams of space are easily transformed into a mythic quest for omniscience, for divinity. "Space has become the new heaven, complete with its own gods, its own highly evolved angels, and its distinctive forms of salvation." (78) "Today the myth remains a component in an emerging spirituality." (79)
SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) "is the scientific quest to answer these great unknowns" according to its website. It is religious in nature beyond doubt. (92)
Astrobiology the (rather optimistic) 'study of life on other worlds,' has been a focus of the NASA space program from its beginning in 1958. (93)
"Professor J. Richard Gott III of Princeton University has recently written, 'Self-sustaining colonies in space would provide us with a life insurance policy against any catastrophes that might occur on Earth…" "The goal of the human space-flight should be to increase our survival prospects by colonizing space." [Whether people are less likely to destroy themselves in space than on earth is not addressed. dlm] (95)
The author comments, "But more to the point, survival is not salvation, and distance is not hope. No matter how long the human race survives, it will remain in a state of profound spiritual need. And no matter how far we cast ourselves from the Earth, we will come no closer to God." (95)
The Myth of the New Humanity
Arthur C. Clarke helped to popularize the Myth of the New Humanity, which represents a secular hope for individual and societal salvation, man as he will be in the future. (98) The human race will evolve progressively upward toward spiritual as well as physical transformation. This myth clearly has Darwinian roots. (99) Evolution is the engine of our destiny. (100) Many consider "survival of the fittest" as virtually a law of nature, even the dominant Rule of the Cosmos. (102) "The Cosmos is creating its own gods by the sure-fire method of evolution, now assisted by various technologies." (103)
Francis Fukuyama has argued that contemporary biotechnology now raises the possibility of altering human nature and moving us into a 'posthuman' stage of history. He adds, however, "One of the reasons I am not quite so sanguine is that biotechnology, in contrast to many other scientific advances, mixes obvious benefits with subtle harms in one seamless package." "In the advocates of a New Humanity, one does detect a determined avoidance of discussing potential dangers inherent in their project." (126)
The Christian tradition elevates the present human as created in the image of God and thereby of inexpressible value. Thus, this tradition recognizes and protects the weak, the poor and the marginalized as 'neighbor.' Christianity has nothing to say about supposedly superior human beings…." As C.S. Lewis said, "the power of Man to make himself what he pleases means…the power of some men to make other men what they please." Any story suggesting that an improved human is desirable or inevitable challenges the Judeo-Christian theology's conception of both God and humanity. (127)
"The strange vision of improved people created by unimproved people suggests a deep problem of analysis; Humanity's spiritual need is not addressed in stronger or smarter or morally better people. It is addressed only in individual spiritual transformation…through the intervening work of God. The notion that we might achieve spiritual salvation by 'moving beyond' the present human race means attempting a technological end run around the problem we recognize in ourselves. This strategy… is futile because of our moral state." "At the top of the escalator is a mirror." (128)
"Indeed, the Scriptures of Judaism and Christianity are insistent that God is no respecter of persons and does not favor the rich, the intelligent, the culturally privileged, the artistically gifted or, presumably, the genetically enhanced." (128)
"In the final analysis, each of the Scientific Mythologies discussed in this book imitates and thus seeks to replace a Christian truth." (129)
The Myth of the Future
"The Future often appears in Western popular writing as a scientifically unveiled technospiritual frontier, a New World in search of a New Worldview to guide the use of science's powerful and spiritually suggestive discoveries." (133) Science is elevated as a source of limitless spiritual insight. (134)
Even serious scientists have come to see The Future and Space as our guarantee of survival. (155) "Scientific mythologies constitute, not just isolated components of popular, scientific or religious culture, but also an overarching system of belief that, like a religious vision, can create a unifying worldview capable of bridging the gaps among various cultures. In this way such mythologies comprise a narrative force powerful enough to change the face of human society on an international scale." (156)
"In the biblical vision, the future, like all of time and space, is under the sovereign control of the God who created all that exists." "The biblical tradition's insistence that God holds the past, present and future is as uncompromising as is its insistence that God did not arise out of nature." "The ownership of the future--human or divine?--is perhaps the central point of contention between its Judeo-Christian presentation and the Myth of the Future." (157)
The Myth of the Spiritual Race
"Science fiction has had a long and sometimes uneasy relationship with questions of race." "Racially charged eugenics theories were a virtual preoccupation of late nineteenth-century scientists…" (161) "The Myth of the Spiritual Race carries forward the notion that there exists, at one time existed, will someday exist, or ought to be created…an aristocratic race possessing remarkable spiritual insights, powers and purposes." "A large number of science-fiction narratives incorporate an ancient, highly advanced and remarkably enlightened race." (162)
"Enlightenment and science have often aided in perpetuating racial myths." (164) "Star Trek is arguably the most popular, long-lasting and influential mass-media phenomenon in history." (179) "That Star Trek creator Roddenberry spiritualized evolution seems clear." "The ultimate goal of evolution is, apparently, divinity." (180)
The Lucas Star Wars films have been as culturally influential as Start Trek. They are best known for introducing a mysterious cosmic life force, The Force. Lucas admitted his goals were at least in part spiritual and evangelistic in nature. He intended to "awaken a certain kind of spirituality in young people" he told Time magazine in 1999. (183)
"The idea that a particular race or group has unusual access to spiritual secrets…has been a persistent--and sometime dangerous--notion in Western culture." (189)
"As the twentieth century opened, two worldviews stood in direct opposition to one another, each telling a different story concerning the human condition and each envisioning a different human future." (190) "The Judeo-Christian tradition presents a global picture of both spiritual need and spiritual redemption." "The Bible also clearly presents a single point of origin for the entire human race, a single set of original human parents, and a single destiny of standing before the creating and redeeming Deity." (191)
Additional myths:
The Myth of Space Religion
The Myth of Alien Gnosis
"Over the past three centuries some popular works of science fiction, speculative science, and the documents of certain religious movements have served as locations for developing and propagating transcendent narratives addressing ultimate questions. Because of their tendency to seek credibility from a connection to science, whether actual or fabricated, I have chosen to term these narratives 'scientific mythologies.' Moreover, as these myths have coalesced into a systematic explanation of our existence, nature, predicament, salvation and destiny, we are witnessing the invention of a new religious view in popular culture." (248)
"Western culture has been trained to place its trust in science. As a result of our turn toward science, other enterprises have sought to borrow credibility from the laboratory and the lecture hall, the most unexpected example being religion." "Ultimate authority has shifted, and the shift has been toward nature and away from what claims to stand above nature. As a result, we have now entered the age of scientific religion." (248)
"Science fiction now often interprets science's news to a waiting public, a role once played by religious narratives." "When science found science fiction, it found religion." "Increasingly science has taken on spiritual functions or weighed in on supernatural questions…" (250) "Facts require narratives if they are to coalesce into a coherent interpretation of our lived experience. Thus, we must exercise exceeding care in the choice of our leading narratives." (251) "…a vivid image is more persuasive than a sound argument, a captivating narrative more compelling than historical evidence."
The gospel is not so much attacked as obscured by the multiplicity of similar redemptive stories out of science fiction. "This is the Christian church's challenge today--to reclaim its story and tell it in such a way that it stands out among all the others as authentic, as the Great Story that other stories have often sought to imitate." (252)
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Albert Espinosa by no means desired to write a booklet approximately surviving melanoma, so he didn't. He wrote a publication in its place concerning the Yellow global. what's the yellow global? The yellow international is a global that's inside everyone's achieve, a global the color of the sunlight. it's the identify of a fashion of residing, of seeing lifestyles, of nourishing your self with the teachings that you simply research from reliable moments in addition to undesirable ones.
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Cancer &en. 28, 1577-1585. Fisher. E.. , and Fisher, €3. (1969). Nature 221, 287-288. Gorer, P. A. (1961). Advan. Immunol. 1, 345393. Gorer, P. A,, and Amos, D. B. (1956). Cancer Res. 16, 338-343. Gowans, J. L. (1957). Brit. J . Ezpptl. Pathol. 38, 67-78. Gowans, J. L. (1959). J . Physiol. (London) 146, 54-69. Gowans. J. , and Knight, E. J. (1964). Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B159, 257-282. Gowans. J. L.. and Uhr. J. N'. (1966). J . Ezptl. Me& 124, 1017-1030. 36 P. ALEXANDER AND J. G . HALL 0 Granger, G.


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Q: NeoPixel THT: Varying pinouts I am in the process of designing a PCB for a solder kit that receives
NeoPixel type LEDs, the ones with the short head:

Now, there seem to be different pinouts:

*

*Ordered on Amazon.de as WS2811 LED Chip:
(DIN, GND, +5V, DOUT|

This pinout I figured out myself. With several batches I got the
same pinout. (The datasheet for these actually had different
pinouts in different locations, and so I fried a few at first.)

*WS2812D-F5:
(DIN, GND, +5V, DOUT|

This pinout is in the datasheet WS2812D-F5-15MA-C1规格
书_18031509334119.pdf available on the Worldsemi's web site.

*SparkFun LED - RGB Addressable, PTH, 5mm Clear:
(DIN, +5V, GND, DOUT|

See the datasheet COM-12877.pdf on the SparkFun web site.

*Regular NeoPixels (long head), distributed by Adafruit as
NeoPixel Diffused 8mm Through-Hole LED:
(DIN, +5V, GND, DOUT|

See the picture 1734-04.jpg on the Adafruit web site.
Maybe someone can shed some light on this: Is there any system so
that I can know when ordering which pinout I will get?
Update
I did a little bit more digging, which may answer the question. There
seem to be two large manufacturs of the NeoPixel type THT LEDs with
short head:

*

*Worldsemi Co. Limited, making the WS2812D-F5 mentioned above:
(DIN, GND, +5V, DOUT|

*Shenzhen LED Color Opto electronic Co.ltd, making the SK6812D5
(datasheet) and the APA106:
(DIN, +5V, GND, DOUT|

My take is that it's best to order from vendors that clearly state the
model number. Interesting is also the WikiLEDia list of chips
sorted by manufacturer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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THE SOPRANOS TURNS 20
Posted on January 31, 2019 February 6, 2019 by Aaron Wetli
January 10, 1999, was a day that SHOULD NOT have lived in cultural infamy. On that day, nearly all things culture were pretty forgettable. Aside from salacious post-impeachment gossip, 1999 was posed to be a yawner.
The top box office hit was A Civil Action, a law drama starring John Travolta and Robert Duvall. This acclaimed, but forgettable film garnered an Academy Award for Duvall and featured a young James Gandolfini. I don't remember ever hearing about it.
The NBA had just ended it's longest ever (204 days) lockout. Remember that? I remember Samuel L. Jackson and the funny ESPN commercials, but that's about it.
The #1 Billboard single? Something called I'm Your Angel. This track was recorded by Celine Dion and features R. Kelly. I bet Dion regrets this collaboration now.
The Yankees swept the Braves in the World Series. Boring. I feel like that was every World Series from 1992 to 2005.
These forgettable cultural tidbits, like the whole year, were supposed to be boring filler that occurred between cranking Prince's 1999 in the early morning hours of January 1 and ushering in the new millennium at the end of December 31.
Then, The Sopranos happened.
I remember watching trailers for this mysterious show between episodes of Mr. Show and The Larry Sanders Show, with my buddies Stuart and Bruce. Our interests were piqued and we waited in anticipation for January 10, and when 9 p.m. finally rolled around, the three of us crowded their filthy, broken couch (we were in college), ordered Papa Johns (it was COLLEGE) and opened some Miller Lites (I still stand by that decision) and turned the channel from Fox – probably King of the Hill – to HBO.
By 10 p.m. we were going crazy having already become addicts. We needed more of The Sopranos and we needed it yesterday.
On that stinky, greasy, beer-stained couch, we were introduced to New Jersey mafia chieftain Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini), the first new era television anti-hero. A charming and affable 'waste management consultant,' Tony was also a wunderkind mafioso who lived, enjoyed and thrived in his thinly veiled double life.
On the surface, Tony seemed to have it all – the nuclear family, pet ducks in his swimming pool, and a McMansion on a hill. Underneath this facade lived a mob boss who ruled his empire through intimidation, fear and murder. Tony was jovial and gregarious and could smile at you while picking your pocket or breaking your kneecaps.
Through the many faces of Tony, the viewer was forced to ask, 'Who exactly IS Tony Soprano?' It's a good question, and his actions didn't make the answer easy. For example:
Tony burned down a friend's restaurant so the restaurant wouldn't go out of business, forgave the uncle who attempted to murder him, and in a controversial act of mercy, swiftly and painlessly murdered a relative so the relative wouldn't be tortured to death by rival gangsters.
An enigma wrapped in a riddle, Tony yearned for love, acceptance and approval while running a criminal enterprise. In other words, complexity was the name of the game, and Tony was the perfect anti-hero for the 21st century and the changing identity of the American male.
Tony's partner in crime, in every sense of the word, was his wife Carmela.
*Duke and Duchess of North Caldwell, by Frederico Castelluccio (Furio Gunta)
Played be Edie Falco, Carmela was a loving mother, a scorned wife, a slave to materialism and a woman seeking spiritual enlightenment, all blended into a single Northern New Jersey suburban housewife. The scenes between Gandolfini and Falco are the heart of the show, a masters class in acting and some of the best crafted vignettes in any cultural convention.
On my initial watch, I believed Tony and Carmela were soulmates in a marriage built out of mutual respect and admiration. Oops.
Perspective changes. Great art doesn't.
Together, Tony and Carmela shared a game face for the sake of appearance, but behind closed doors they had a love-hate relationship that would be just as often toxic as kind. In reality, they needed each other to survive and by the end of the series, placated each other so that their individual needs were met. As their story concludes, the viewer sees both Mr. and Mrs. Soprano for who they are and neither of them are pretty.
Tony and Carmela also had two children – the older, overachieving daughter, Meadow (Jamie-Lynn Seigler) and her younger, slacker brother Anthony Junior (Robert Iler). To me, it always seemed that these children represented the two different paths Tony's life could have taken.
Meadow represents Tony's best case scenario: staying out of the family business, graduating college, and being a good and decent person. I don't believe this to be a stretch as Tony is shown to occasionally be compassionate and reveals that he briefly attended Seton Hall.
If Tony sticks it out and gets a business degree, it is not hard to imagine him doing well for himself and his family. After all, Tony was street smart, good with numbers and could see the big picture with long-term business deals. However, that CPA job would not have allotted for the gluttonous extravagances that he and his family yearned for by the series end.
A.J., on the other hand, represents the worst case scenario (albeit WITHOUT committing murder and without destroying others' lives) for Tony: living at home, loafing from job to job and being bossed around by his mother all the while being influenced by mobster/ family role models.
There are a few occasions where Tony tells A.J that he sees himself in his son. At the beginning of the show, Tony saw the best in A.J., just like we, as the audience, saw the best in Tony. By the end of the show, Tony saw the worst in A.J., just like we, as the audience saw the worst in Tony.
The Soprano family matriarch was Tony's manipulative, psychotic and widowed mother Olivia (Nancy Marchand). The tension between Livia (as she is referred to by those who know her) and Tony was palpable as Livia despised the man Tony had become, mocked the 'weakness' of seeing a psychiatrist and suppressed her role in shaping who Tony ultimately had become.
These tensions reach a fever pitch after Livia is committed, by Tony, to live in an nursing home/retirement community. After this act, Livia hated her son so much that she manipulated Tony's uncle into an attempt on Tony's life.
I don't remember previously watching this mother/son dynamic on television. I mean, I loved The Sopranos almost instantly, but this plot line was so freshly unconventional that it was impossible not to tune in on a regular basis.
At this point, I would be remiss not to mention Tony's sister Janet. The eldest of the three Soprano children, Janice was every bit the gangster her brother and father were. Janice was street smart, manipulative, tough, and knew how to play the game. Played by Aida Turturro, cousin of the one and only John Turturro, she showed that acting was in her genes and that she could hold her own with anyone on set.
Oh yeah, her character also conspired to murder Tony. If you are keeping track, that is a mother, uncle and sister that were, at a minimum, complicit in plots to assassinate Tony. And you thought YOUR family was nutty.
Unlike other popular network shows, the characters on screen were not all beautiful or young or virile. In fact, most of them were weathered, or at the very least did not fit into the norms of conventional television beauty.
In the 90s, if you wanted laugh tracks and pretty people on a conventional television procedural, you watched NBC on Thursdays. If you wanted gritty and gutty character driven drama, you watched HBO on Sundays.
And what a character-driven drama it was. As the seasons progressed, it became harder to label Tony and difficult to determine if Tony was born with or grew into his darker side. Was he always a charming and loving father who was, at a moment's notice, capable of committing murder or did Tony gradually transition into a gluttonous, villainous, friendless creature who he was at the conclusion of the series?
This nature vs. nurture debate on Tony's possible psychopathy was explored ad nauseam in the therapy sessions he shared with Dr. Jennifer Melfi (Lorraine Bracco). This stage wasn't a plot device to move the show forward but rather a device to allow the viewer to see where Tony came from and to view how his parents, the state of New Jersey, Catholic dogma and the mafia all blended together to shape his life.
Most of the time it worked, even if it lost some of it gravitas after the passing of Nancy Marchand. These scenes are wonderfully written and acted and are a window into Tony's soul and, perhaps, a way for him to practice and improve the rate and skill in which he lies and manipulates.
During these sessions, we learned about Tony's father, John 'Johnny Boy' Soprano. A legendary New Jersey mobster, and brother to Junior. Johnny Boy, for better or worse, helped mold Tony into the man he found himself to be.
And it was probably for the worse. Through the duration of the show, Tony publicly puts Johnny Boy on a pedestal. Eventually, through his sessions with Dr. Melfi and a particular poignant episode featuring one of Johnny Boy's long-time mistresses, Tony undresses the myth that is Johnny Boy Soprano and sees him for what he was: a stereotypical thieving and lying mafia soldier who would ultimately command Tony to commit his first murder.
To quote Anthony Junior, 'That's dicked up.'
After that murder there was no going back for Tony. Through his sessions with Dr. Melfi, Tony unearthed his contempt and disdain for his father, which turned into self hatred and self pity. If you think The Sopranos was just a show about the mob, you weren't watching correctly.
Or you were, or are just young and dumb – like me during the shows initial run.
I have to admit in my 20s, I found these therapy scenes boring. I was part of, as The Soprano's creator David Chase famously put it, the 'hits and tits' crowd. In my 30s, these scenes made more sense and now that I am in my 40s, I would like to assume that I get it.
At this point, it should certainly be pointed out that The Sopranos wasn't always heavy or insightful. There were many moments that caused deep belly laughs, a ton of gratuitous violence, plenty of nudity and swearing and even hints of the supernatural. You know, all the things that make television great.
The morons, scumbags, and degenerates who were responsible for these moments are members of Tony's crew, and even though they were liars, murderers and thieves, you rooted for them anyway. Great writing does allow for that juxtaposition.
The most relevant characters in this tribe are Tony's nephew Christoper Moltasanti (Michael Imperiolo) and Tony's uncle Corrado 'Junior' Soprano (Dominic Chianese).
Christopher is an insecure and manipulative drug addict who fails more than he succeeds, and Junior is an insecure and manipulative aging mafioso fighting a losing battle against dementia.
Christopher's relationship with his uncle Tony ironically mirrors the relationship Tony shares with his uncle Junior.
Both nephews yearn for acceptance and approval from their uncles and both uncles repay their nephews in scorn. Tony is particularly ruthless to Christopher after Christopher puts into motion perhaps the most hurtful murder of the whole series.
The other main mafioso were:
Salvatore 'Big Pussy' Bonpensiero – Tony's close childhood friend turned FBI informant. (Vincent Pastore)
Paul 'Paulie Walnuts' Gualtieri – an old time knock around guy who worked for both Johnny Boy and Tony. (Tony Sirico)
Silvio Dante – Tony's calm, cool and collected consigliere. (Steven Van Zandt)
As a younger man, I thought this crew was super cool. As an older man, I see them for what they truly were: ruthless sociopaths, pariahs and terrible people.
All of these amazing characters are contributed to series creator and show runner David Chase. Chase, whose background includes producing and writing for other television gems The Rockford Files and Northern Exposure, took HBO to new heights with The Sopranos.
Chase, who is notoriously surly, has a reputation of being rough to work with and didn't care what his viewers thought about his art. I firmly believe their is a correlation between apathy for your audience and being a good artist, which makes Chase the Michelangelo of television.
It is not hyperbole to say that Chase reinvented the television serial, was responsible for the television revolution and redefined the modern American anti-hero. Without Tony Soprano, we don't get to meet Don Draper. If Tony Soprano doesn't exist, Walter White doesn't either. If we never met Tony Soprano, we don't get to explore the city of Baltimore with Jimmy McNulty.
So at the end of the day, what is The Sopranos? Is it a drama about Tony's two families? Is it a program about relationships? Is it a venture into the nature of psychology? Is it a show about the nadir of American culture and the soulless consumerism that was then and is still king?
It is all of these things and it's timeless.
That was some great damn art.
PEPPERS & GABAGOOL
Want to really feel old? Jamie-Lynn Sigler, who played overachieving daughter Meadow Soprano, is older now than Gandolfini was when the pilot aired.
If you have never watched The Sopranos, this video should put you in the mood to start.
Want to feel REALLY old? Lorraine Bracco, who played Dr. Melfi, is older now than Bea Arthur was when The Golden Girls premiered in 1985.
'You've got a bee on your hat' may be my favorite line of the whole series. Primarily, because I firmly believe all golfers should be slapped.
For my money, this is the best 3:40 of the show.
I am looking forward to The Many Saints of Newark, a prequel to The Sopranos written by David Chase and directed by Sopranos veteran Alan Taylor. The cast is already impressive and features Jon Bernthal, Vera Farmiga and Corey Stoll.
It goes without saying that the loss of James Gandolfini, in 2013 at the age of 51, was tragic for many reasons. One of those reasons, at least for me, is that we will never get to see another scene, ever and in any medium, between he and Falco. Rest In Peace.
The classification of whether Livia lived in a nursing home or a retirement community is a tremendously funny running gag.
If you like the drawing below, check out Reddit user u/shiftrefresh
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A Virginia Military Institute yearbook overseen by future state Senate Majority Leader Thomas K. "Tommy" Norment in 1968 features a host of racist photos and slurs, including blackface.
Virginia's lawmakers are already reeling after a series of disclosures about the state's top three Democratic officials. Many have called for Gov. Ralph Northam to resign after a page from his 1984 medical school yearbook surfaced showing a photo of a man in blackface and Ku Klux Klan robe. Lt. Gov. Justin Fairfax has been accused of sexually assaulting a woman at the 2004 Democratic National Convention, and Attorney General Mark Herring admitted this week to dressing in blackface during his time at University of Virginia.
Norment said he supported the integration of VMI when he was a student and later advocated for accepting women into its ranks."This was a small military college, an all-male college, in the South," he said. "Every Thursday, they'd read out the names of VMI graduates who had been killed in Vietnam. It wasn't like a U.Va. ... there was Vietnam, there was Martin Luther King talking about civil rights — it was a different world then." The prospect of admitting black students in 1968 had roiled the campus, recalled Norment, who grew up in heavily segregated Williamsburg. Norment said he had long forgotten what was in the yearbook until he pulled out his copy a couple of days ago. "It was abhorrent," he said.
"The point that it was a different time may not be a sufficient explanation, in my mind," he said Thursday.
He said he'd flipped through a dozen or so yearbooks from recent decades and had not seen racist photos. But the school has a history that dovetails with the history of the state, including through the Civil War, he said.
House Speaker Kirk Cox, a fellow Republican, said in a statement, "Senator Norment has emphatically condemned the racist and abhorrent photos in the yearbook, as do I.


text:
Fortnite's "Party Royale" mode ditches the guns, asks players to "chill"
April 29, 2020 admin	0 Comments
Enlarge / The Papaya map for Fortnite's "Party Royale" mode features apparent icons for racing, gliding, and a soccer match.
If you've played Fortnite with a group of teenagers recently, you probably quickly realized that, for many players, the game is less about killing fellow players and staying alive and more about just hanging out with friends in a shared 3D space. Epic is now explicitly leaning into this use case with a new "Party Royale" mode that asks players to "leave their weapons and [materials] behind."
That description comes from an email sent by Epic to a number of Fortnite content creators in recent days, inviting them to a test of the "experimental and evolving space" starting late Friday evening. Data miners ShiinaBR and Lucas7Yoshi have extracted an expanded description of the limited-time mode, which adds that players will be able to "hang out with friends, play games, perfect your skydive and more. The party's just getting started!"
Dataminers have also extracted an overhead image of a new map for the Party Royale mode, apparently nicknamed "Papaya" in game files. Icons on that map, and variable names found in the code, strongly suggest mini-games based around gliding, races on foot and in vehicles, motorboat challenges, and even a soccer match, as well as "theater" and "hub" spaces for gatherings.
The introduction of a combat-free Fortnite mode comes just days after Epic announced that a record 27.7 million players attended an in-game Travis Scott concert, which featured a size-shifting version of the rapper performing amid an interstellar light show. That number includes 12.3 million concurrent players for the first of Scott's five in-game performances, up from the 10.7 million people who gathered to see EDM artist Marshmello perform in the game early last year.
Watching Travis Scott's Fortnite concert on video doesn't fully capture the experience of "being there" virtually.
An online shooter minus the shooting
In recent years, single-player games from Assassin's Creed to Soma have been experimenting with "safe mode" options that remove (or severely reduce) the threats, allowing players to explore the game's environments at their leisure. Massively multiplayer RPGs have also long featured combat-free areas for players who want to focus more on socializing and roleplaying with friends.
But Fortnite stands out for being the first major online shooter we're aware of to experiment with completely removing the shooting from a major portion of the game. While some have attempted to play such games in "pacifist mode" in the past, those players have generally been treated as eccentrics or "conscientious objectors" rather than a core audience worth catering to.
It remains to be seen just how popular Fortnite's new combat-free option will be. But we could look back on this mode as a turning-point moment when Fortnite cemented its transition from mere online shooter to more generalized metaverse.
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text:
KHALID BIN SALMAN BIN ABDULAZIZ AL SAUD
Monday 1438/7/27 - 2017/04/24
Riyadh, Rajab 27, 1438, Apr 24, 2017, SPA -- Prince Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud has been appointed as the new ambassador of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the United States by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
Prince Khalid received a Bachelor of Aero Science from King Faisal Air Academy. He continued his studies in the United States at both Harvard University earning a certificate for Senior Executives in National and International Security. He also studied advanced electronic warfare in Paris.
He began graduate work at Georgetown University pursuing a Master of Arts in Security Studies but his studies were suspended upon different job assignment and before his appointment as Saudi Arabia's Ambassador to the United States.
MILITARY CAREER
Upon his graduation from King Faisal Air Academy, Prince Khalid joined the Royal Saudi Air Force. He started his career as a pilot on the Texan-6 and T-38 in Columbus Air Force Base in Mississippi.
He later began the F15-S Flying program as a pilot, and he was assigned as a Tactical Intelligence Officer in addition to flying F-15S in the 92nd Squadron for the 3rd Flying Wing at King Abdulaziz Air Base in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Trained as a fighter pilot with almost 1,000 hours in total flight time, Prince Khalid has flown missions against ISIS as part of the International Coalition. He has also flown mission over Yemen as part of Operation Decisive Storm and Operation Renewal of Hope.
For his service in the Saudi Air Force, Prince Khalid has been widely decorated, including being awarded the Operation South Shield Medal; the Battlefield Medal; the Workmanship Medal; and Abdullah's Sword Exercise Medal.
Prince Khalid trained extensively with the US military both in the United States and in Saudi Arabia, including at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada. A back injury forced him to stop flying, he worked as an officer in the office of the minister of defense .
POST-MILITARY CAREER
Prince Khalid was appointed to office of the Minister of Defense after his active duty ended. He subsequently became a senior civilian adviser in the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Defense upon the completion of his active military service.
Late 2016, he moved to the United States and served as an advisor to the Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the United States.
Prince Khalid becomes the tenth Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to the United States since 1945.


This character looks like she's having a great time. I'd love to know more about her just based on that! She seems to be a fan character from some Harry Potter game. The uniform looks great and, again, I'm fangirling over someone's way of painting hair.
And could I make a mention on how nice the character's skin tone looks? This looks quite natural! Excellent work there, jayusdraws!
This picture is an advertisement for jayusdraws chibi characters. There is a link to the Ko-Fi in the artist comments if you happen to want to buy one from them! I want to pick this one up and just cuddle her. Maybe pet her like a cat, too...til whatever chibi-reaction comes through to make me stop.
My eyes immediately go to the boots on this character. Aren't they cute? XD And those bracelets look like a lot of fun. (Because the best bracelets are the oversized ones!) I think that jayusdraws did a great job on matching the light colors with the darker ones, then matching that with the background. Great work!
...and now that I've shown you these three pieces, you guys get yourselves over to her gallery and take a look at the rest of them!


Abuel MPNA., Capili CA., Barrera WB. (accepted). Diurnal Insect Pollinators at the Vicinity of Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Quezon, Philippines and Their Associated Plant Taxa. Journal of Tropical Asian Entomology.
Barrera, WB (2016). Phenotypic Distribution of ABO Blood Groups between Cosmopolitan and Regional Population of Lucban, Quezon. Tilamsik 9(2):11-19.
Barrera WB (2015). Mitotic Activity in Root Meristem of Endemic Plant Aglaia luzonensis (Vidal) Merr. & Rolfe. Tilamsik 8(2):27-34.
Barrera, WB. Pollen Fertility and Viability, and Allium cepa Assays. Philippine Society for Developmental Biology 3rd Workshop. Department of Biology, Ateneo de Manila University. October 21-22, 2017.
De Guzman VJG., Mergilla RMR., Barrera WB. "Local Adaptations of Begonia spp. along Environmental Gradients of Mt. Banahaw de Lucban". 35th Symposium and Annual Meeting of the Association of Systematic Biologists of the Philippines. May 28-31, 2017. University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City, Philippines.
Barrera WB., De la Viña CV., Vispo NA., Singh RK. "Screening for Salinity Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm at Reproductive Stage and Assessment of Genetic Diversity Using SNPs". Biology Student Summit 2017. April 01, 2017. Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila.
Barrera WB., De la Viña CV., Vispo NA., Singh RK. "Salinity Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm at Reproductive Stage and Genetic Diversity Using SNPs". 8thPhilippine Society for Developmental Biology Annual National Convention. October 22, 2016. Adamson University, Ermita, Manila, Philippines.
Barrera WB., Jaluague JC., Albaño SD., Jalbuena GL. "New Distributional Record and Intra- specific Variation of Cerberus in Iyam River, Lucena City, Quezon, Philippines". 1stPhilippine Symposium on Freshwater Biodiversity and Ecosystems". June 7-10, 2016. University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, Philippines.
Barrera, WB. "Itaktak mo: A Seminar and Workshop on Waste Segregation". November 29, 2017. Brgy. Kulapi, Lucban, Quezon.
Barrera, WB. Community Development Seminar on Water Sanitation. December 11, 2017. Sitio Umban, Brgy. Tinamnan, Lucban, Quezon.


The Schedule of Charges is provided to families to give them an estimate of charges that may come up during the school year. Please note the figures provided are a maximum amount, and not all charges may apply to your child. Some costs, such as sport, will only apply to students selected for interschool teams etc.
Voluntary Contributions are an optional payment for parents to make to the school. Our Voluntary Contributions are set much lower than the maximum amount of $60.00. We ask families to contribute $40.00 for each child. While this payment is voluntary, we ask all families to pay so we are able to maximise the opportunities presented to your child.


2014 performance commissioned by Hormuz Minina on the Beltline in Atlanta, GA, photo by Unisa Asokan .
A 2013 Chinese Frankenstein Performance with Unisa Asokan and Stan Woodard on a balcony: Atlanta, GA.
If you like some art and you aren't going to buy it, give the artist some $ to thank her for her beautiful work.
+ multimedia + books + poetry + ideas + etc.
Copyright 2016 by Allison Rentz. All rights reserved.


The past year has been an extremely hectic, but very successful, one for our Institute.
In addition to the normal day-to-day operational activities of running the AIG and responding to queries and crises as they arise, we have also put significant effort into tasks that have a strategic focus.
We are a rapidly growing professional organisation with a manifestly diversifying geoscience membership base in an increasingly synergistic world where distance is becoming less relevant and technology increasingly important to how we work and live.
Our current strong growth rate attests to our success as a professional Institute (in fact, in percentage terms we are one of the fastest growing professional organisations in Australia); and my belief is that the fundamental basis for our success is our relevance to our members.
I'm a pragmatist. I'm also an unashamed meritocrat. I believe our Institute will continue to flourish only as long as it deserves the support of its members, as long as it continues to remain relevant to them; and history is littered with organisations that have fallen by the way-side because they have become stuck in a paradigm as the world has changed around them.
Watching the future (social, political, economic and technological changes and trends), filtering the noise to identify the one or two key issues that have the potential to impact most on our members' professional activities and preparing plans to manage these issues before they eventuate; and of course feeding the outcomes of this process back into point 1) above.
We re-vamped our website, not only to give it a more modern look but also to increase its functionality in preparation for it becoming the primary means of communicating with and providing core services to our members.
We continued to be active in representing the interests of our members to government, but as part of this core function, and in preparation for a more proactive role, also strengthened our external relations strategy to establish more proactive and formalised public reporting, media releases and radio interviews.
I should add that preparing these submissions took a significant effort and it was pleasing to see than many non-Councillors were willing contribute. In this respect I would particularly like to thank Jon Hronsky and Richard Schodde, without whose efforts and impetus many of our submissions would have been less well developed than they were.
We recommitted to our geoscience surveys, which not only provide valuable information on employment and benchmark salary trends to members but also the hard data we use to identify the key issues of our members and to back up our position statements to government.
We engaged Penny Buchan on a part time basis through our Secretariat in Perth to assist with the management of AIG business, but importantly Penny's role will also include monitoring industry trends, networking with industry groups, identifying up-coming issues and helping us develop submissions and prepare Institute platforms on specific professional issues.
Expanding our Bursary Program, which this year awarded a record $27,000 to 18 successful applicants, coincidentally including our 100th bursary.
Our Bursary Program is an investment in the future and its success depends largely on generous donations by individuals and private and public organisations. I would like to take this opportunity thank our Bursary Sponsors, Independence Group NL, Cryptodome Pty Ltd, Digirock Pty Ltd, Gnomic Exploration Services Pty Ltd, Geoconferences (WA) Inc, Sydney Mineral Exploration Discussion Group (SMEDG), Kagara Limited, Office of Mineral and Energy PIRSA, Symposium, Terra Search Pty Ltd, The Macquarie Arc Conference and AIG State Branches, for their ongoing commitment to young geoscientists and thereby to the future of the geoscience industry.
We continued to strengthen our relationships with kindred associations, in particular the GSA and AusIMM, but also more recently the International Association of Hydrogeologists, and have continued to look for opportunities to undertake joint activities and provide combined representations on matters that collectively affect our members.
Trialling and later adopting BaseCamp, a web-based project management and collaboration tool, as our primary mechanism for the storage, management and distribution of AIG related matters to Councillors.
In conclusion, 2010/2011 has been an eventful and successful year for the AIG. We have a clearly articulated vision and all the capabilities we need to implement our strategies. Taking forward the attributes that have made us successful in the past and embracing new challenges and opportunities will ensure that we fulfil our responsibilities to our members and the broader geosciences community.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to all Councillors for their individual and collective contributions, which have culminated in a successful year. My special thanks go to Greg Corbett who is retiring from Council this year after a solid commitment over the past 19 years and which included stints as President and Chairman of the Ethics Committee. Greg's contributions have been outstanding and his experience will be missed.


text:
Carnap
About Carnap
What is Carnap?
What's Carnap for?
How can I use Carnap?
Why "Carnap"?
Who uses Carnap?
How does Carnap Work?
"The acceptance or rejection of abstract linguistic forms, just as the acceptance or rejection of any other linguistic forms in any branch of science, will finally be decided by their efficiency as instruments, the ratio of the results achieved to the amount and complexity of the efforts required. To decree dogmatic prohibitions of certain linguistic forms instead of testing them by their success or failure in practical use, is worse than futile; it is positively harmful because it may obstruct scientific progress.
Let us grant to those who work in any special field of investigation the freedom to use any form of expression which seems useful to them; the work in the field will sooner or later lead to the elimination of those forms which have no useful function. Let us be cautious in making assertions and critical in examining them, but tolerant in permitting linguistic forms."
Rudolf Carnap, Empiricism Semantics and Ontology
Carnap is a free and open-source Haskell framework for creating and exploring formal languages, logics, and semantics. It lets you quickly and straightforwardly define languages, construct logics for those languages, and stipulate their semantics. Carnap then uses your specifications to figure out how to check proofs in a variety of formal systems using your logic, how to find the meanings of compound expressions, and a whole lot more.
Here are some quick examples of what Carnap can do.
This is a proofbox with a Kalish and Montague System for Propositional Logic. You can directly manipulate the proof by typing in the proofbox, and see the effects of your changes by mousing over the line-decorations on the right hand side.
Show: P\/-P Show: --(P\/-P) -(P\/-P):AS Show: -P P:AS P\/-P:ADD 5 :ID 6 3 P\/-P:ADD 4 :ID 3 8 P\/-P:DNE 2 :DD 10
This is a rendering proofbox with a Kalish and Montague System for Propositional Logic, which also visually displays the structure of the proof being developed.
This is a rendering proofbox with Hardegree's variation on a Montague system.
Show P->(Q->R):CD P:AS Show Q->R:CD Q:AS P/\Q->R:PR P/\Q:&I 2 4 R:->O 5 6
This is a proofbox with a Fitch system, using rules from The Logic Book and visually rendering the proof structure in the Fitch style.
(P->Q)->P :A/CI -P :A/~E P :A/CI Q :A/~E P :3 R -P :2 R Q :4-6 -E P->Q :3-7 CI P :8 1 CE -P :2 R P :2-10 -E ((P->Q)->P)->P :1-11 CI
This is a proofbox with a Kalish and Montague System for First-Order Logic, displaying a proof of Russell's Theorem.
Show -ExAy(-F(y,y) <-> F(x,y)) ExAy(-F(y,y)<->F(x,y)) :AS Show: -ExAy(-F(y,y) <-> F(x,y)) Ay(-F(y,y)<->F(c_1,y)) :AS -F(c_1,c_1)<->F(c_1,c_1) :UI 4 Show:-F(c_1,c_1) F(c_1,c_1) :AS F(c_1,c_1)->-F(c_1,c_1) :BC 5 -F(c_1,c_1) :MP 8 7 :ID 7 9 -F(c_1,c_1) -> F(c_1,c_1) :BC 5 F(c_1,c_1) :MP 11 6 Show: -ExAy(-F(y,y) <-> F(x,y)) :ID 6 12 :ED 13 2 4 :ID 2 3
This is a proof with Goldfarb's Lemmon-style system of natural deduction, from the textbook Deductive Logic .
[1] ExAy(Kxy -> Fxy) P [2] AxEy(Kxy) P [1,3] Ay(Kay -> Fay) (1)a EII [2] Ey(Kay) (2) UI [2,5] Kab (4)b EII [1,3] Kab -> Fab (3) UI [1,2,3,5] Fab (5) (6) TF [1,2,3,5] EyFay (7) EG [1,2,3,5] ExEyFxy (8) EG [1,2,3] ExEyFxy [5](9) EIE [1,2] ExEyFxy [3](10) EIE
Here's a proof of the fact that the bisectors of the sides of a triangle always meet at a point (from the assumption that a point is on the bisector of a segment if and only if it's equidistant from the endpoints of that segment). "F(x,y)" abbreviates that "x is on y", "g(y,z)" abbreviates "the bisector of the segment given by y and z", and "h(x,z)" abbreviates "the distance from x to z".
(Because of the number of variables, this one may take a moment to load initially. Once loaded, it should respond quickly to changes.)
AxAyAz(F(x,g(y,z)) ↔ h(x,y) = h(x,z)) :PR Show AwAxAyAz(F(w,g(x,y))∧F(w,g(x,z)) → F(w,g(y,z))) Show AxAyAz(F(a,g(x,y))∧F(a,g(x,z)) → F(a,g(y,z))) Show AyAz(F(a,g(b,y))∧F(a,g(b,z)) → F(a,g(y,z))) Show Az(F(a,g(b,c))∧F(a,g(b,z)) → F(a,g(c,z))) Show F(a,g(b,c))∧F(a,g(b,d)) → F(a,g(c,d)) F(a,g(b,c))∧F(a,g(b,d)) :AS F(a,g(b,c)) :S 7 F(a,g(b,d)) :S 7 AyAz(F(a,g(y,z)) ↔ h(a,y) = h(a,z)) :UI 1 Az(F(a,g(b,z)) ↔ h(a,b) = h(a,z)) :UI 10 F(a,g(b,c)) ↔ h(a,b) = h(a,c) :UI 11 F(a,g(b,d)) ↔ h(a,b) = h(a,d) :UI 11 F(a,g(b,c)) → h(a,b) = h(a,c) :BC 12 F(a,g(b,d)) → h(a,b) = h(a,d) :BC 13 h(a,b) = h(a,c) :MP 8 14 h(a,b) = h(a,d) :MP 9 15 h(a,c) = h(a,d) :LL 16 17 Az(F(a,g(c,z)) ↔ h(a,c) = h(a,z)) :UI 10 F(a,g(c,d)) ↔ h(a,c) = h(a,d) :UI 19 h(a,c) = h(a,d) → F(a,g(c,d)) :BC 20 F(a,g(c,d)) :MP 18 21 :CD 22 :UD 6 :UD 5 :UD 4 :UD 3
Here are two more proofs of Russell's theorem, this time using a version of system QL, from P.D. Magnus' free and open textbook Forall x, and the system FOL from the Calgary remix of Forall x. Note that we've changed how formulas are parsed (dropping the parentheses around the arguments to predicates), to match the display style of Forall x.
ExAy(-Fyy <-> Fxy):AS Ay(-Fyy<->Fry):AS -Frr<->Frr:AE 2 -Frr:AS Frr:<->E 3 4 -Frr:R 4 Frr:-E 4-6 -Frr:<->E 7 3 ExAy(-Fyy <-> Fxy):AS Frr:R 7 -Frr:R 8 -ExAy(-Fyy <-> Fxy):-I 9-11 -ExAy(-Fyy <-> Fxy):EE 1 2-12 ExAy(-Fyy <-> Fxy):R 1 -ExAy(-Fyy <-> Fxy):-I 1-14
ExAy(-Fyy <-> Fxy):AS Ay(-Fyy<->Fry):AS -Frr<->Frr:AE 2 -Frr:AS Frr:<->E 3 4 !?:~E 4 5 -- Frr:AS -Frr:<->E 3 8 !?:~E 8 9 !?:LEM 4-6 8-10 !?:EE 1 2-11 -ExAy(-Fyy <-> Fxy):-I 1-12
This is a proofbox with a Kalish and Montague System for Monadic Second-Order Logic, showing how to prove an instance of the comprehension scheme, using a predicate abstraction rule.
Show EXAx(F(x)/\G(x)<->X(x)) Show Ax(F(x)/\G(x)<->\y[F(y)/\G(y)](x)) Show F(c)/\G(c)->\y[F(y)/\G(y)](c) F(c)/\G(c):AS \y[F(y)/\G(y)](c):ABS 4 :CD 5 Show \y[F(y)/\G(y)](c)->F(c)/\G(c) \y[F(y)/\G(y)](c):AS F(c)/\G(c):APP 8 :CD 9 F(c)/\G(c)<->\y[F(y)/\G(y)](c):CB 3 7 :UD 11 EXAx(F(x)/\G(x)<->X(x)):EG 2 :DD 13
This is a proof that every relation has an inverse, in a system of arbitrarily (finitely) Polyadic Second-Order Logic, again making use of a predicate abstraction rule.
Show: AX2EY2∀x∀y(X2(x,y) ↔ Y2(y,x)) Show: ∀x∀y(X2(x,y) ↔ \w\v[X2(v,w)](y,x)) Show: ∀y(X2(a,y) ↔ \w\v[X2(v,w)](y,a)) Show: X2(a,b) -> \w\v[X2(v,w)](b,a) X2(a,b):AS \w\v[X2(v,w)](b,a):ABS2 5 :CD 6 Show: \w\v[X2(v,w)](b,a)-> X2(a,b) \w\v[X2(v,w)](b,a):AS X2(a,b):APP2 9 :CD 10 X2(a,b) <-> \x_1\x_2[X2(x_2,x_1)](b,a):CB 4 8 :UD 12 :UD 3 EY2∀x∀y(X2(x,y) ↔ Y2(y,x)):EG2 2 :UD2 15
This is a proof that the powerset of a transitive set is transitive (exercise 3, chapter 3.3 from Velleman's How to Prove It), in a system of elementary set theory.
Show P(a) within P(P(a)) a within P(a):PR Ax(x in a -> x in P(a)):Def-S 2 Show Ax(x in P(a) -> x in P(P(a))) Show b in P(a) -> b in P(P(a)) b in P(a) :AS b within a:Def-P 6 Ax(x in b -> x in a):Def-S 7 Show b in P(P(a)) Show Ax(x in b -> x in P(a)) Show c in b -> c in P(a) c in b :AS c in b -> c in a:UI 8 c in a :MP 12 13 c in a -> c in P(a) :UI 3 c in P(a):MP 14 15 :CD 16 :UD11 b within P(a):Def-S 10 b in P(P(a)):Def-P 19 :DD 20 :CD 9 :UD 5 P(a) within P(P(a)):Def-S 4 :DD 24
Here are proofs of axioms 5 and B within natural deduction systems for propositional modal logics K5 and KTB, in the style of Hardegree's Modal Logic.
These use Fira Logic for nicer-looking logical symbols and use guards to help visually indicate the scope of each subproof.
Show <>[]P->[]P /0 :CD <>[]P /0 :AS Show []P /0 :ND Show P /0-1 :DD []P /0-2 :<>O 2 P /0-1 :[]O(5) 5
Show <>[]P->P /0 :CD <>[]P /0 :AS []P /0-1 :<>O 2 P /0 :[]O(b) 3
Here's a proof of the Barcan Formula within a naïvely quantified system of modal logic, based on the system MPL of Hardegree's Modal Logic.
Show Ax[]Fx->[]AxFx /0 :CD Ax[]Fx /0 :AS Show []AxFx /0 :ND Show AxFx /0-1 :UD Show Fa /0-1 :DD []Fa /0 :AO 2 Fa /0-1 :[]O 6
Carnap supports proofs written in the sequent calculus, via ProofJS. Among the systems supported are propositional and first order variants of Gentzen's original LK and LJ.
{"ident":0,"label":"AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)):|-:EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y))","rule":"ER","forest":[{"ident":1,"label":"AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)) :|-: EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y)), Ax(F(x)/\\G(b))","rule":"AL","forest":[{"ident":2,"label":"Ey(F(a)/\\G(y)), AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)) :|-: Ax(F(x)/\\G(b)), EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y))","rule":"EL","forest":[{"ident":3,"label":"F(a)/\\G(c), AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)) :|-: Ax(F(x)/\\G(b)), EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y))","rule":"&L","forest":[{"ident":4,"label":"G(c), AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)) :|-: EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y)), Ax(F(x)/\\G(b))","rule":"AR","forest":[{"ident":5,"label":"G(c), AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)) :|-: EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y)), F(d)/\\G(b)","rule":"&R","forest":[{"ident":6,"label":"AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)), G(c) :|-: EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y)),F(d)","rule":"AL","forest":[{"ident":7,"label":"Ey(F(d)/\\G(y)), G(c) :|-: F(d), EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y))","rule":"EL","forest":[{"ident":8,"label":"F(d)/\\G(e), G(c) :|-: F(d), EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y))","rule":"&L","forest":[{"ident":9,"label":"F(d), G(c) :|-: EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y)), F(d)","rule":"WR","forest":[{"ident":10,"label":"F(d), G(c) :|-: F(d)","rule":"WL","forest":[{"ident":28,"label":"F(d) :|-: F(d)","rule":"Ax","forest":[{"ident":29,"label":"","rule":"","forest":[]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{"ident":11,"label":"AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)), G(c):|-:EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y)),G(b)","rule":"XR","forest":[{"ident":11,"label":"AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)), G(c):|-:G(b),EyAx(F(x)/\\G(y))","rule":"ER","forest":[{"ident":12,"label":"AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)), G(c):|-:G(b),Ax(F(x)/\\G(c))","rule":"AR","forest":[{"ident":13,"label":"AxEy(F(x)/\\G(y)),G(c) :|-: G(b), F(a)/\\G(c)","rule":"AL","forest":[{"ident":14,"label":"Ey(F(a)/\\G(y)),G(c) :|-:G(b), F(a)/\\G(c)","rule":"EL","forest":[{"ident":15,"label":"F(a)/\\G(d),G(c) :|-:F(a)/\\G(c), G(b)","rule":"&L","forest":[{"ident":16,"label":"F(a), G(c) :|-:G(b), F(a)/\\G(c)","rule":"&R","forest":[{"ident":17,"label":"G(c),F(a) :|-: G(b), G(c)","rule":"WL","forest":[{"ident":18,"label":"G(c):|-:G(b),G(c)","rule":"WR","forest":[{"ident":26,"label":"G(c):|-:G(c)","rule":"Ax","forest":[{"ident":27,"label":"","rule":"","forest":[]}]}]}]},{"ident":19,"label":"F(a), G(c):|-: G(b), F(a)","rule":"WL","forest":[{"ident":20,"label":"F(a):|-:G(b), F(a)","rule":"WR","forest":[{"ident":22,"label":"F(a):|-:F(a)","rule":"Ax","forest":[{"ident":25,"label":"","rule":"","forest":[]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}
Carnap also includes a JSON API, making it possible to create pure JavaScript GUIs that use Carnap under the hood for in-browser proof checking. Here's an example of such a GUI, adapted from Kevin Klement's forallx proofchecker using P.D. Magnus' Forall x system SL.
(W ∨ X), (Y ∨ Z), X → Y, ¬Z ∴ W ∨ Y
〈 1 / n 〉
Carnap is intended for use by educators, students, and researchers working on logic. Carnap makes it possible for educators to create interactive exercises and teaching materials, and for students to get quick and helpful feedback as they learn semantic and syntactic methods for determining what follows from what. Carnap also enables researchers interested in unorthodox formal systems to rapidly prototype proof-checking and semantic tools for computer-assisted logical investigation.
How can I use Carnap right now?
You can use Carnap to teach your own logic class!
All you need to do is create an account, and then get in touch to register as an instructor.
Once you're an instructor, you can use this site—the one you're on right now, carnap.io—to run your class and automatically grade homework. You can either assign problems from the free textbook hosted here, or you can use your own textbook and create automatically graded problem-sets for your own preferred system. Carnap currently supports truth-tables and translation and parsing exercises, as well as deductions compatible with formal systems used in Kalish and Montague's Logic, Bergmann and Moore's Logic Book, Hardegree's Modal Logic, P.D. Magnus' Forall x, and the Calgary Remix of Forall x. But the ambition of the project is maximum coverage. So if your favorite system isn't supported, let us know and we'll see about adding it.
Documentation for potential instructors can be found here.
Carnap is named after Rudolf Carnap, the philosopher quoted above.
Carnap (the philosopher) famously advocated a tolerant and experimental approach to logic. Carnap (the program) is pluralistic by design. Inference rules are specified declaratively, making it easy to add new logics to those already provided for a given language. The algorithms for checking whether inferences are correct are applicable to a wide variety of languages, making it easy to introduce new languages.
Carnap (the philosopher) also had a lot to say about logical types, and how ignoring them can leave you with beliefs that don't work very well. Carnap (the program) is written in Haskell, a statically-typed pure functional programming language that uses a theory of logical types to ensure code correctness.
Carnap was initially developed at Kansas State University, but is now used at dozens of colleges and universities around the world. Here's an (incomplete) list:
Bard College at Simon's Rock
Institute of Philosophy, University of Zielona Gora, Poland
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Brazil
Tarleton State University
University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Well, it's a little technical. There are a couple of different tricks involved.
Essentially, Haskell's type system makes it possible to represent different lexical categories as datatypes, to combine these lexical category datatypes into a larger datatype representing a lexicon (using something like the method described in this paper), and to define a language as the result of applying different elements of a lexicon to one another in a grammatical way.
The upshot is that, using Carnap, you can define a language as the result of snapping together predefined lexical categories. Thanks to Haskell's typeclasses, your languages will inherit various useful properties that their constituent lexical categories carry along with them (for example, languages that contain the lexical category for Boolean connectives will automatically know how to parse and display the symbol for "and", or how to compute the semantic value of a conjunction from the semantic values of its conjuncts). And, because of Haskell's static typing and the trick of representing lexical categories as types, you're guaranteed that any programming mistake potentially resulting in an ungrammatical expression will be detected when you try to compile the program.
By representing a large class of languages uniformly (as the result of snapping together lexical categories), we also end up being able to manipulate them uniformly. In particular, we can use entirely generic algorithms for things like variable substitution, semantic evaluation, β-normalization, higher-order unification… all the good stuff that you need in order to, for example, check proofs for correctness using only a declaration of acceptable inference rules. As a result, we only need to write code for these algorithms once; we can then automatically use that code with any language that can be defined in the Carnap framework.
So that's the gist of it. If you'd like to learn more about the details, you can inspect the code, talk to a developer, or take a look at this paper.
If you'd like to support Carnap, please consider starring us on Github. If you have suggestions, feature requests, or bug-reports, you can create an issue on Github. For general questions or discussion, you can also reach us on Matrix, which is bridged on IRC at ircs://irc.libera.chat:6697/carnap, or over email.
If you'd like to contribute some code to the project—anything from a new unification algorithm to a CSS tweak or pandoc template—just put in a pull request!
An Open Tower project. Copyright 2015-2021 G. Leach-Krouse <gleachkr@ksu.edu> and J. Ehrlich


text:
Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number
Keith Wilson, Randolph L. Berens, C. David Sifri, Buddy Ullman
Drug resistance is a significant impediment to the therapy of African sleeping sickness in humans. To evaluate molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance in African trypanosomes, a clonal strain of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, MPA10, was selected in medium containing mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity. IMPDH activity in MPA10 cells was ~6-fold higher than that of wild type parental cells, although the enzymes in both strains were equally sensitive to inhibition by MPA. To evaluate the mechanism of IMPDH overexpression in MPA10 cells, the gene encoding IMPDH (impdh) was isolated from a T. b. brucei library by cross-hybridization to the Leishmania donovani impdh. Sequence analysis indicated that the T. brucei IMPDH was 76% identical with the L. donovani IMPDH. The T. brucei impdh hybridized to a 2.7-kb transcript that was expressed at ~10-fold greater levels in the MPA10 cells, and this impdh overexpression could be ascribed to an ~10-fold amplification of the impdh copy number. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed that the extra impdh copies in MPA10 cells were localized to an ~6.0-Mb chromosome that comigrated with the wild type chromosome encompassing impdh. The amplification of impdh could be ascribed to an increased copy number of this 6.0-Mb chromosome, and a predicted augmented DNA content in MPA10 cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. This is the first demonstration that DNA amplification can serve as a molecular mechanism by which T. brucei become resistant to cytotoxic drugs, and the amplification of the 6.0-Mb chromosome represents a novel mechanism of drug resistance in parasitic protozoa.
Dive into the research topics of 'Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
IMP Dehydrogenase Medicine & Life Sciences 98%
IMP Chemical Compounds 87%
Oxidoreductases Medicine & Life Sciences 55%
Chromosomes Medicine & Life Sciences 48%
Trypanosoma brucei brucei Medicine & Life Sciences 39%
Mycophenolic Acid Chemical Compounds 31%
Drug Resistance Medicine & Life Sciences 28%
Wilson, K., Berens, R. L., Sifri, C. D., & Ullman, B. (1994). Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269(46), 28979-28987.
Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number. / Wilson, Keith; Berens, Randolph L.; Sifri, C. David et al.
Wilson, K, Berens, RL, Sifri, CD & Ullman, B 1994, 'Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 269, no. 46, pp. 28979-28987.
Wilson K, Berens RL, Sifri CD, Ullman B. Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1994 Nov 18;269(46):28979-28987.
Wilson, Keith ; Berens, Randolph L. ; Sifri, C. David et al. / Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number. In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1994 ; Vol. 269, No. 46. pp. 28979-28987.
@article{cf94ff2647204a90a5156b2b061be404,
title = "Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number",
abstract = "Drug resistance is a significant impediment to the therapy of African sleeping sickness in humans. To evaluate molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance in African trypanosomes, a clonal strain of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, MPA10, was selected in medium containing mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity. IMPDH activity in MPA10 cells was ~6-fold higher than that of wild type parental cells, although the enzymes in both strains were equally sensitive to inhibition by MPA. To evaluate the mechanism of IMPDH overexpression in MPA10 cells, the gene encoding IMPDH (impdh) was isolated from a T. b. brucei library by cross-hybridization to the Leishmania donovani impdh. Sequence analysis indicated that the T. brucei IMPDH was 76% identical with the L. donovani IMPDH. The T. brucei impdh hybridized to a 2.7-kb transcript that was expressed at ~10-fold greater levels in the MPA10 cells, and this impdh overexpression could be ascribed to an ~10-fold amplification of the impdh copy number. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed that the extra impdh copies in MPA10 cells were localized to an ~6.0-Mb chromosome that comigrated with the wild type chromosome encompassing impdh. The amplification of impdh could be ascribed to an increased copy number of this 6.0-Mb chromosome, and a predicted augmented DNA content in MPA10 cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. This is the first demonstration that DNA amplification can serve as a molecular mechanism by which T. brucei become resistant to cytotoxic drugs, and the amplification of the 6.0-Mb chromosome represents a novel mechanism of drug resistance in parasitic protozoa.",
author = "Keith Wilson and Berens, {Randolph L.} and Sifri, {C. David} and Buddy Ullman",
T1 - Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number
AU - Wilson, Keith
AU - Berens, Randolph L.
AU - Sifri, C. David
AU - Ullman, Buddy
N2 - Drug resistance is a significant impediment to the therapy of African sleeping sickness in humans. To evaluate molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance in African trypanosomes, a clonal strain of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, MPA10, was selected in medium containing mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity. IMPDH activity in MPA10 cells was ~6-fold higher than that of wild type parental cells, although the enzymes in both strains were equally sensitive to inhibition by MPA. To evaluate the mechanism of IMPDH overexpression in MPA10 cells, the gene encoding IMPDH (impdh) was isolated from a T. b. brucei library by cross-hybridization to the Leishmania donovani impdh. Sequence analysis indicated that the T. brucei IMPDH was 76% identical with the L. donovani IMPDH. The T. brucei impdh hybridized to a 2.7-kb transcript that was expressed at ~10-fold greater levels in the MPA10 cells, and this impdh overexpression could be ascribed to an ~10-fold amplification of the impdh copy number. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed that the extra impdh copies in MPA10 cells were localized to an ~6.0-Mb chromosome that comigrated with the wild type chromosome encompassing impdh. The amplification of impdh could be ascribed to an increased copy number of this 6.0-Mb chromosome, and a predicted augmented DNA content in MPA10 cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. This is the first demonstration that DNA amplification can serve as a molecular mechanism by which T. brucei become resistant to cytotoxic drugs, and the amplification of the 6.0-Mb chromosome represents a novel mechanism of drug resistance in parasitic protozoa.
AB - Drug resistance is a significant impediment to the therapy of African sleeping sickness in humans. To evaluate molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance in African trypanosomes, a clonal strain of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, MPA10, was selected in medium containing mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity. IMPDH activity in MPA10 cells was ~6-fold higher than that of wild type parental cells, although the enzymes in both strains were equally sensitive to inhibition by MPA. To evaluate the mechanism of IMPDH overexpression in MPA10 cells, the gene encoding IMPDH (impdh) was isolated from a T. b. brucei library by cross-hybridization to the Leishmania donovani impdh. Sequence analysis indicated that the T. brucei IMPDH was 76% identical with the L. donovani IMPDH. The T. brucei impdh hybridized to a 2.7-kb transcript that was expressed at ~10-fold greater levels in the MPA10 cells, and this impdh overexpression could be ascribed to an ~10-fold amplification of the impdh copy number. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed that the extra impdh copies in MPA10 cells were localized to an ~6.0-Mb chromosome that comigrated with the wild type chromosome encompassing impdh. The amplification of impdh could be ascribed to an increased copy number of this 6.0-Mb chromosome, and a predicted augmented DNA content in MPA10 cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. This is the first demonstration that DNA amplification can serve as a molecular mechanism by which T. brucei become resistant to cytotoxic drugs, and the amplification of the 6.0-Mb chromosome represents a novel mechanism of drug resistance in parasitic protozoa.


text:
Q: Lubuntu 15.04 32 bit does not boot automatically - black screen, or ASCII boot process I am unable to boot smoothly into a clean install of Lubuntu 15.04 32-bit, updated to the latest available releases.
Just after the motherboard finishes its thing and the PC proceeds towards boot, a blue Lubuntu logo shows up on the screen, but so briefly that I am not sure if I am imagining it. Promptly after that the screen goes black, and the monitor goes to standby. The system then (effectively) halts as after 2-3 minutes there are no signs of any progress.
I am then forced to do a hard reboot, which lands me into a static GRUB boot screen (does not autmatically progress to boot). I am here able to select Ubuntu and the boot proceeds and completes, but it does not look pretty - the boot progress graphic is just ASCII art and is offset to the top left of the screen. Nevertheless, it boots.
So, what I would like to know is:

*

*What is causing a clean install of Lubuntu 15.04 32 bit to fail
to boot?

*How do I fix/disable whatever is causing it to fail to boot? Is
there a way to force Lubuntu into Grub, but have the Grub
automatically progress to full boot?

A: I installed the nVidia driver and that seems to have fixed the "will not boot" issue.
Thus: install the proprietary driver for your graphics card as it may be related to the startup process hanging/dying when it hits the graphics subsystem.

A: I have been having a similar issue.
What I did to fix it was press on escape (several times) once the screen goes into standby.
Not 100% sure if it'll work for you but it's worth a try right :)


Five people celebrating a win in the underground lottery were killed and another seriously hurt when the pickup truck they were travelling in crashed into a roadside concrete barrier and overturned in Si Songkhram district on Thursday night.
The accident happened on Highway No 2032, the Si Songkhram-Tha Uthen route, said Pol Capt Peerawit Uthaisen, a duty officer at Si Songkhram police station. It was reported around 8.30pm.


Welcome to the Colorado Elks Association Virtual Home Page. Skies are bluer, mountains are higher and the sunshine brighter -- with 55 Elks Lodges to welcome you as you travel through the great state of Colorado.
Visit us on our state Website at www.coloradoelks.org for more information on our state and local Lodge activities.


Travis Croxton's Rappahannock River Oysters is top on my list. Travis and his cousin Ryan revived their grandfather's oyster business with a modern improvement—sustainable oyster farming rather than the old fashioned method that damaged breeding grounds. Now the Croxtons have moved into the restaurant side with quite a few stunning spots from Tappahannock, to Richmond, Charlottesville, Charlotte and beyond. Our favorite restaurant in the RRO empire is Richmond's Rappahannock recently featured in The Local Palate. Stop by to sample That Foggy Feeling Fizz which is as delicious as it is beautiful!
Shake all ingredients but cider over ice then pour into a hi ball glass.
Top off with Foggy Ridge Stayman Winesap cider.


Restore healthy balance to your skin with a customized Aveda treatment. Through an effective consultation based on our Elemental Nature philosophy we will personalize Aveda products, essential oils, aromas, and facial techniques to meet your needs and expectations.
You choose the amount of time you want to spend with us and we will provide customized expertise to your specific needs.
The KaLu Massage Ritual begins as we invite you on a sensory journey to start the customization and relaxation process…..
Stress, muscle tension and lack of energy can all be addressed with a customized massage treatment. After a thorough consultation, our massage therapist will provide you with the best combination of products, personalized Aveda aromas and massage techniques.
Designed to target discomfort areas during pregnancy, this side laying massage promotes overall health and well being throughout pregnancy.
*Not offered during your first trimester.


Nationally revered as one of the finest artists of India, Mrs. Kamla Kabra is the pioneer of broken glass painting in the world. Her unique art form has impressed and received huge accolades from many eminent personalities from the Indian cultural scene.
An artist par excellence & perfection, Mrs. Kabra has by far exhibited near about 100 broken glass paintings. Till now three exhibitions were held by Mrs. Kamla Kabra of which latest exhibition was held 3 years back in the year 2011.
Mrs. Kabra's unique taste in art and the very passion & creativity through which she infuses life into broken glasses have not only been championed by her guests at the nationally recognized grand exhibitions – but by the national media as well.


(1) Can I get an exception?
(2) Why impose a few on private vehicles when the problem is (fill in the blank — Uber, Lyft, too many cabs, night-time trucks)?
(3) how is it going to operate?
The final rules won't be out for awhile, but it's clear that imposing a surcharge for those who want to travel into the most congested parts of New York City is going to have an impact. We already have a taxi congestion fee that applies to the same area and it's changing behavior. My friends and I have noticed that the people waiting for buses are now often better dressed than before. The current fee is only about $3 but it gets people's attention.
Congestion pricing is a Big deal. It won't solve all the problems but even getting people to consider their choices is a step forward.


Canadian Pro Continental team SpiderTech powered by C10 got its first European win when Ryan Roth rode away from his two companions at the head of the UCI 1.1-rated Tro-Bro Leon on Sunday. The chase group surpassed one man from the leading trio, giving Guillaime Boivin opportunity to take the sprint for third. It's Boivin's eighth top ten finish of 2012.
The 206-kilometre race in the Brittany region of France is known as the 'Hell of the West' because of its tricky dirt road sections. Roth, Junior Canadian cyclocross champion in 2000, is the first foreign winner of Tro-Bro Leon since Australian Mark Renshaw in 2006.
Last year in the 'Hell of the West', SpiderTech's Will Routley came runner-up to Europcar's Vincent Jerome. Routley came 30th today.
SpiderTech's next race is the four stage Giro del Trentino which begins with a 14.3 kilometre team time trial Tuesday in Riva Del Garda, Italy. Though Routley will be participating, Roth and Boivin will be held back for the Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey April 22 to 29.


Lauren AgriSystems is a company committed to continued product and process innovation in the dairy industry with an emphasis on herd health and profitability for today's dairy. We develop products and systems to help your dairy perform better.
Learn more about each of our products by using the convenient drop-down navigation selections at the left or contact us today.


text:
Swoop! FWC gets behind osprey for Florida's state bird
Posted By News Service of Florida on Thu, Oct 7, 2021 at 3:42 PM
Ospreys are being considered as a replacement for Florida's state bird.
Add the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to the supporters of doing away with the mockingbird as the state bird during the 2022 legislative session.
Commissioners agreed Thursday to offer the osprey as a potential replacement for the mockingbird —- Florida's avian symbol since 1927. Sen. Jeff Brandes, R-St. Petersburg, has filed a proposal (SCR 324) to rescind the designation of the mockingbird as the state bird. Meanwhile, Sen. Tina Polsky, D-Boca Raton, and Rep. Sam Killebrew, R-Winter Haven, have proposed legislation (SB 378 and HB 207) to designate the scrub jay as the state bird.
The Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's approval of a resolution Thursday revived a 2008 commission project tied to that year's presidential election.
Related Central Florida senator seeks to replace Florida's state bird
Central Florida senator seeks to replace Florida's state bird
By News Service of Florida
"It taught civics, taught birds and got a lot of young students, I think, from the fourth to seventh grade involved in voting," said commission Assistant Executive Director Thomas Eason. "Over 77,000 students were involved in that and actually voted on a slate of birds. And the osprey was the winner."
The commission unsuccessfully backed the change during the 2009 legislative session. Chairman Rodney Barreto said he's been approached about the commission's position on the bills and recommended "dusting" off the 2008 project.
"That doesn't necessarily mean that that's the way it's going to go, if you know the Legislature," Barreto said. "But at least we can put a marker down."
Stay on top of Central Florida news and views with our weekly newsletters, and consider supporting this free publication. Our small but mighty team is working tirelessly to bring you Central Florida news, and every little bit helps.
Tags: Florida, state birds, osprey, mockingbird, Image
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Expat Life with Chickenruby: An Indoor Cat.
Our cat is over weight.
Our cat isn't allowed outside.
It's summer in Dubai and with temps in the mid 40's during the day and not dropping below 30c at night, we've been keeping out cat and dog indoors. We've reintroduced the litter day, which the cat is using, we don't want the cat or dog suffering with heat stroke as the cat did last year, when it was outside for too long.
The dog of course gets to go outside for a pee and poo and a walk when the humidity isn't too high and the pavements are cool enough to walk on, but the dog can be contained in a walled garden, the cat of course can jump the wall and wander off.
Another reason for keeping the cat in is that it is over weight, weighing in at almost 6kg, nearly double it's ideal weight and this is due to the increase in people leaving out food for the stray cats, which of course our cat has enjoyed tucking into and gaining weight.
But the cat is sad, the cat wants to be outside, roaming the streets and eating the food that has been put out. We want to keep our cat healthy and safe, but we can't explain this to the cat, make the cat understand, despite our constant conversations with the cat, when it sits all day looking at the door, looking at us and meowing to get out attention to open the door.
Summer is coming to an end, as in temps will drop below 35c and it will be cool enough for the cat to be outside at night time, but the cat doesn't understand us, the cat doesn't understand why we have reduced it's food intake.
The cat just thinks we're being mean.
Poor puss. We have noticed the temperatures turn a little cooler in the last week or so, but then it never seems quite as hot over this side of the peninsula. Hope the weather changes soon and your frustrated feline can get some outdoors time.
Ps with that heat, I may be tempted to stay in with the cat myself how do you manage?
Aww poor kitty! I'm glad summer is coming to an end and she can enjoy the outside again!


text:
El westwerk (de l'alemany, en anglès westwork, en francès massif occidental) és el cos occidental, a manera de nàrtex de diversos pisos, d'algunes esglésies carolíngies, otonianes i romàniques de filiació imperial; és difícil trobar-ne exemples fora de l'àrea central del Sacre Imperi Germànic. Posteriorment, l'arquitectura gòtica alemanya va desenvolupar-lo en algunes construccions i, arran de destruccions o ex novo, se'n feren interpretacions neoromàniques.

Arquitectura
Es tracta d'una estructura arquitectònica perpendicular i adjacent a la nau, que normalment ultrapassa l'altura d'aquesta, sovint flanquejat per dues torres que delimiten el cos central. A la part baixa d'aquest cos central pot situar-s'hi l'entrada amb una porta o tres, un absis o res; exteriorment, com les torres, pot presentar-se decorat amb finestres i arcuacions, cegues o corresponents a galeries. A l'interior de les torres s'hi ubiquen les escales que faciliten l'accés a la seva part superior, on s'obren finestres i es troben les campanes, i als diferents nivells del cos central. A l'interior d'aquest es distribueixen un vestíbul, una capella sovint advocada a sant Miquel i llotges que donen a la nau.

Distribució
El més antic documentat és el de l'abadia de Saint-Riquier, a la ciutat homònima del Somme, que va ser finançada per Carlemany. El més antic conservat és el de l'abadia de Corvey, a Höxter (Rin del Nord-Westfàlia), edificada entre 873-885. Es troben nombroses mostres a Alemanya, França, Països Baixos, Bèlgica, Suïssa i Àustria; fora d'aquí no és un element gaire practicat, n'és un exemple San Lorenzo de Verona.

Lloc de representació
El westwerk pot interpretar-se com un lloc de representació de l'emperador, o rei, des d'on ell i els seus acompanyants seguien les misses a distància de la plebs i des d'una posició superior. Alguns autors han volgut veure en la seva ubicació, oposada al santuari major, una mena de contraposició del poder temporal del regent al poder etern de l'Església. De fet, bona part dels temples dotats d'aquest element van ser patrocinats, almenys en part, pels màxims governants del territori.

Els frescos que decoren l'interior de l'abadia de Corvey, originals del , mostren escenes de l'Odissea, més pròpies d'un àmbit civil que eclesial. Els normands, fent una lectura dels originals carolingis, en van bastir el primer, emmarcat dins l'arquitectura normanda, a l'abadia de Jumièges, consagrada el 1067 en presència de Guillem el Conqueridor, fundador de la dinastia Normanda.

Galeries d'imatges

Elements arquitectònics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Famous actresses died as a result of Epilepsy
Here are 1 famous actresses from the world died in Epilepsy:
Florence Griffith Joyner
Florence Griffith Joyner (December 21, 1959 Los Angeles-September 21, 1998 Mission Viejo) a.k.a. Florence Delorez Griffin, Florence Delorez Griffith Joyner, Flo-Jo, The Fastest Woman in the World, Florence Delorez Griffith, Joyner or Florence was an American track and field athlete and actor. She had one child, Mary Ruth Joyner.
Read more about Florence Griffith Joyner on Wikipedia »
Estonian actresses died in 1972 List of the top 1 Estonian actresses who died in 1972
Polish actresses died at age 66 List of the top 1 Polish actresses who died when they were 66
Polish musicians died at age 61 List of the top 13 Polish music stars who died when they were 61
Indian actresses born in 1953 List of the top 7 Indian actresses who were born in 1953
Indian actresses died in 1982 List of the top 1 Indian actresses who died in 1982
New Zealand musicians died at age 41 List of the top 1 New Zealand music stars who died when they were 41


text:
Ortiz named Harvard Museum deputy director
José Ortiz, the deputy director and chief of finance and administration at the Smithsonian Institution's Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden since 2005, has been named deputy director of the Harvard Art Museum, the museum announced today. He is expected to begin work in Cambridge on March 2.
Ortiz replaces Richard Benefield, the Harvard museum's deputy director from 1999 to mid-September 2008, who left to be founding executive director of the Walt Disney Family Museum, which is being built in San Francisco. (Cool, Richard!)
Ortiz previously served as manager for administration at New York's Cloisters and in administrative positions at the Smithsonian Institution's Anacostia Museum and New York's Museum of Television and Radio. He served as a manager for Citibank in New York from 1978 to 1991.
Peabody Essex adopts new hours
New assistant deputy director at Clark
RISD Museum gets $1 million grant
"Keeping Time" at PRC
"This is Boston, Not LA" at LaMontagne
Update: ICA breaks Zane sculpture
Zane sculpture broken at ICA
Portland Museum hires curator


As one of the most environmental friendly materials, you'll find it no surprise that Urban Nature Culture brings you many products made of bamboo. All of our bamboo products are made with care, love for our planet and are dishwasher safe. Fusing French flowers with Portuguese colors, Urban Nature Culture brings a unique design, blending the many cultures that find their home in Europe. Hand-painted by Urban Nature Culture.


Just a Smile is heart warming story about the powerful and contagious nature of a smile from a child.
Each LEARN WITH LEARN Children's book is entertaining for adults and children. Alternating pages written with simpler text means teaching children to read is no longer a chore!


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The  is a skyscraper located in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. Construction of the 184-metre, 38-storey skyscraper was finished in 2002.

References

External links

Skyscrapers in Shinjuku
2002 establishments in Japan
Skyscraper office buildings in Tokyo
Office buildings completed in 2002


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The Disappearance of Adele Bedeau, by Raymond Brunet, trans. By Graeme Macrae Burnet. Arcade Publishing, 2017
Obviously this is a work of fiction, but it goes further than you'd think at first glance. The translator's afterword states that Brunet (how close to Burnet that is!) wrote the book in 1982 and it became a cult hit and later, a film. Brunet's life is given in short form. But this is illusion; there was never any Brunet. He is as fictitious as Adele Bedeau and the others in the story.
Adele is on the stage very little in this short novel. The two main characters are Manfred Baumann, a banker, and Inspector Gorski, of the local PD. Baumann is a regular customer at the café where Adele works. When she disappears, Gorski at first does not suspect Baumann. But Baumann, an introvert with no social aptitude, no love life, no hobbies, and no friends, lies about having seen her the night she was last seen. It's a harmless lie; he has nothing to do with her vanishing. But once he's lied, he finds himself getting deeper and deeper into a web of falsehood, until his nerves give way. Inspector Gorski, meanwhile, discovers information about a case that's haunted him for 20 years. The ending has a couple of twists.
It's a bleak story, set in a small town that's not doing well. No one is happy. It's an interesting story, but one that gave me a bad feeling. It's not a fun read, but it is a well done one. What's weird is that I had the feeling that I'd read some version of this before- many years before. No idea where that idea came from! Four stars out of five.
The above is an affiliate link. If you click through and buy something- anything- from Amazon, they will give me a few cents.
I received this book free from the Amazon Vine program in return for an unbiased review.
Labels: mystery, noir
Darla September 3, 2017 at 7:00 PM
Not reading bleak stories at the moment.
Spring Garden, by Tomoka Shibasaki translated by P...
A Secret Sisterhood: The Literary Friendships of J...
Dark Knowledge, by Clifford Browder. Anaphora Lite...
Don't Doubt the Magic! –the Story of Bernice O'Han...
The Bedlam Stacks, by Natasha Pulley. Bloomsbury, ...
The Hanging Tree, by Ben Aaronovitch. DAW Books, 2...
Her Fearful Symmetry, by Audrey Niffenegger. Scrib...
The Art of Hiding, by Amanda Prowse. Lake Union, 2...
The Other Side of the Wall, by Andrea Mara. Crimso...
Marlene Dietrich: The Life, by Maria Riva. Pegasus...
Foxglove Summer, by Ben Aaronovitch. Daw Books, 20...
The Disappearance of Adele Bedeau, by Raymond Brun...


This beautiful assortment of natural Feather Quills package includes 5 styles of Pheasant Tails and Guinea Rounds ranging from 6-12 inches long. This collection of feathers was inspired by fabulous DIY accessories we see worn at music festivals, summer fashion, arts & crafts, and one of a kind dream catchers or feather mobiles. With 12 feathers total, this assortment includes two Golden Pheasant Tails 8-10", two Golden Pheasant Red Top Tails 8-10", two Venery Pheasant Tails 10-12", two Female Ringneck Pheasant Tails 10-12", two Lady Amherst Pheasant Tails 10-12", and two Guinea Rounds 6-8".
This product is part of our Packaged Feathers - Pheasant category.