text:
// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.ExceptionServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host.Bindings;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host.Loggers;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host.Protocols;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host.Timers;

namespace Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host.Executors
{
    // In-memory executor.
    internal class FunctionExecutor : IFunctionExecutor
    {
        private readonly IFunctionInstanceLogger _functionInstanceLogger;
        private readonly IFunctionOutputLogger _functionOutputLogger;
        private readonly IWebJobsExceptionHandler _exceptionHandler;
        private readonly TraceWriter _trace;
        private readonly IAsyncCollector<FunctionInstanceLogEntry> _fastLogger;

        private HostOutputMessage _hostOutputMessage;

        public FunctionExecutor(IFunctionInstanceLogger functionInstanceLogger, IFunctionOutputLogger functionOutputLogger,
            IWebJobsExceptionHandler exceptionHandler, TraceWriter trace, IAsyncCollector<FunctionInstanceLogEntry> fastLogger = null)
        {
            if (functionInstanceLogger == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("functionInstanceLogger");
            }

            if (functionOutputLogger == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("functionOutputLogger");
            }

            if (exceptionHandler == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("exceptionHandler");
            }

            if (trace == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("trace");
            }

            _functionInstanceLogger = functionInstanceLogger;
            _functionOutputLogger = functionOutputLogger;
            _exceptionHandler = exceptionHandler;
            _trace = trace;
            _fastLogger = fastLogger;
        }

        public HostOutputMessage HostOutputMessage
        {
            get { return _hostOutputMessage; }
            set { _hostOutputMessage = value; }
        }

        public async Task<IDelayedException> TryExecuteAsync(IFunctionInstance functionInstance, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            FunctionStartedMessage functionStartedMessage = CreateStartedMessageWithoutArguments(functionInstance);
            IDictionary<string, ParameterLog> parameterLogCollector = new Dictionary<string, ParameterLog>();
            FunctionCompletedMessage functionCompletedMessage = null;
            ExceptionDispatchInfo exceptionInfo = null;
            string functionStartedMessageId = null;
            TraceLevel functionTraceLevel = functionInstance.FunctionDescriptor.TraceLevel;

            FunctionInstanceLogEntry fastItem = new FunctionInstanceLogEntry
            {
                FunctionInstanceId = functionStartedMessage.FunctionInstanceId,
                ParentId = functionStartedMessage.ParentId,
                FunctionName = functionStartedMessage.Function.ShortName,
                TriggerReason = functionStartedMessage.ReasonDetails,
                StartTime = functionStartedMessage.StartTime.DateTime
            };

            try
            {
                functionStartedMessageId = await ExecuteWithLoggingAsync(functionInstance, functionStartedMessage, fastItem, parameterLogCollector, functionTraceLevel, cancellationToken);
                functionCompletedMessage = CreateCompletedMessage(functionStartedMessage);
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                if (functionCompletedMessage == null)
                {
                    functionCompletedMessage = CreateCompletedMessage(functionStartedMessage);
                }

                functionCompletedMessage.Failure = new FunctionFailure
                {
                    Exception = exception,
                    ExceptionType = exception.GetType().FullName,
                    ExceptionDetails = exception.ToDetails(),
                };

                exceptionInfo = ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(exception);
            }

            if (functionCompletedMessage != null)
            {
                functionCompletedMessage.ParameterLogs = parameterLogCollector;
                functionCompletedMessage.EndTime = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
            }

            bool loggedStartedEvent = functionStartedMessageId != null;
            CancellationToken logCompletedCancellationToken;
            if (loggedStartedEvent)
            {
                // If function started was logged, don't cancel calls to log function completed.
                logCompletedCancellationToken = CancellationToken.None;
            }
            else
            {
                logCompletedCancellationToken = cancellationToken;
            }

            if (_fastLogger != null)
            {
                // Log completed
                fastItem.EndTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
                fastItem.Arguments = functionCompletedMessage.Arguments;

                if (exceptionInfo != null)
                {
                    var ex = exceptionInfo.SourceException;
                    if (ex.InnerException != null)
                    {
                        ex = ex.InnerException;
                    }
                    fastItem.ErrorDetails = ex.Message;
                }
                await _fastLogger.AddAsync(fastItem);
            }

            if (functionCompletedMessage != null &&
                ((functionTraceLevel >= TraceLevel.Info) || (functionCompletedMessage.Failure != null && functionTraceLevel >= TraceLevel.Error)))
            {
                await _functionInstanceLogger.LogFunctionCompletedAsync(functionCompletedMessage, logCompletedCancellationToken);
            }

            if (loggedStartedEvent)
            {
                await _functionInstanceLogger.DeleteLogFunctionStartedAsync(functionStartedMessageId, cancellationToken);
            }

            if (exceptionInfo != null)
            {
                await HandleExceptionAsync(functionInstance.FunctionDescriptor.TimeoutAttribute, exceptionInfo, _exceptionHandler);
            }

            return exceptionInfo != null ? new ExceptionDispatchInfoDelayedException(exceptionInfo) : null;
        }

        internal static async Task HandleExceptionAsync(TimeoutAttribute timeout, ExceptionDispatchInfo exceptionInfo, IWebJobsExceptionHandler exceptionHandler)
        {
            if (exceptionInfo.SourceException == null)
            {
                return;
            }

            Exception exception = exceptionInfo.SourceException;

            if (exception.IsTimeout())
            {
                await exceptionHandler.OnTimeoutExceptionAsync(exceptionInfo, timeout.GracePeriod);
            }
            else if (exception.IsFatal())
            {
                await exceptionHandler.OnUnhandledExceptionAsync(exceptionInfo);
            }
        }

        private async Task<string> ExecuteWithLoggingAsync(IFunctionInstance instance, FunctionStartedMessage message,
            FunctionInstanceLogEntry fastItem,
            IDictionary<string, ParameterLog> parameterLogCollector, TraceLevel functionTraceLevel, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            IFunctionOutputDefinition outputDefinition = null;
            IFunctionOutput outputLog = null;
            ITaskSeriesTimer updateOutputLogTimer = null;
            TextWriter functionOutputTextWriter = null;

            Func<Task> initializeOutputAsync = async () =>
            {
                outputDefinition = await _functionOutputLogger.CreateAsync(instance, cancellationToken);
                outputLog = outputDefinition.CreateOutput();
                functionOutputTextWriter = outputLog.Output;
                updateOutputLogTimer = StartOutputTimer(outputLog.UpdateCommand, _exceptionHandler);
            };

            if (functionTraceLevel >= TraceLevel.Info)
            {
                await initializeOutputAsync();
            }

            try
            {
                // Create a linked token source that will allow us to signal function cancellation
                // (e.g. Based on TimeoutAttribute, etc.)
                CancellationTokenSource functionCancellationTokenSource = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken);
                using (functionCancellationTokenSource)
                {
                    // We create a new composite trace writer that will also forward
                    // output to the function output log (in addition to console, user TraceWriter, etc.).
                    TraceWriter functionTraceWriter = new FunctionInstanceTraceWriter(instance, HostOutputMessage.HostInstanceId, _trace, functionTraceLevel);
                    TraceWriter traceWriter = new CompositeTraceWriter(functionTraceWriter, functionOutputTextWriter, functionTraceLevel);

                    // Must bind before logging (bound invoke string is included in log message).
                    FunctionBindingContext functionContext = new FunctionBindingContext(instance.Id, functionCancellationTokenSource.Token, traceWriter);
                    var valueBindingContext = new ValueBindingContext(functionContext, cancellationToken);
                    var parameters = await instance.BindingSource.BindAsync(valueBindingContext);

                    Exception invocationException = null;
                    ExceptionDispatchInfo exceptionInfo = null;
                    string startedMessageId = null;
                    using (ValueProviderDisposable.Create(parameters))
                    {
                        if (functionTraceLevel >= TraceLevel.Info)
                        {
                            startedMessageId = await LogFunctionStartedAsync(message, outputDefinition, parameters, cancellationToken);
                        }

                        if (_fastLogger != null)
                        {
                            // Log started
                            fastItem.Arguments = message.Arguments;
                            await _fastLogger.AddAsync(fastItem);
                        }

                        try
                        {
                            await ExecuteWithLoggingAsync(instance, parameters, traceWriter, outputDefinition, parameterLogCollector, functionTraceLevel, functionCancellationTokenSource);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex)
                        {
                            invocationException = ex;
                        }
                    }

                    if (invocationException != null)
                    {
                        if (outputDefinition == null)
                        {
                            // In error cases, even if logging is disabled for this function, we want to force
                            // log errors. So we must delay initialize logging here
                            await initializeOutputAsync();
                            startedMessageId = await LogFunctionStartedAsync(message, outputDefinition, parameters, cancellationToken);
                        }

                        // In the event of cancellation or timeout, we use the original exception without additional logging.
                        if (invocationException is OperationCanceledException || invocationException is FunctionTimeoutException)
                        {
                            exceptionInfo = ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(invocationException);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            string errorMessage = string.Format("Exception while executing function: {0}", instance.FunctionDescriptor.ShortName);
                            FunctionInvocationException fex = new FunctionInvocationException(errorMessage, instance.Id, instance.FunctionDescriptor.FullName, invocationException);
                            traceWriter.Error(errorMessage, fex, TraceSource.Execution);
                            exceptionInfo = ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(fex);
                        }
                    }

                    if (exceptionInfo == null && updateOutputLogTimer != null)
                    {
                        await updateOutputLogTimer.StopAsync(cancellationToken);
                    }

                    // after all execution is complete, flush the TraceWriter
                    traceWriter.Flush();

                    // We save the exception info above rather than throwing to ensure we always write
                    // console output even if the function fails or was canceled.
                    if (outputLog != null)
                    {
                        await outputLog.SaveAndCloseAsync(fastItem, cancellationToken);
                    }

                    if (exceptionInfo != null)
                    {
                        // release any held singleton lock immediately
                        SingletonLock singleton = await GetSingletonLockAsync(parameters);
                        if (singleton != null && singleton.IsHeld)
                        {
                            await singleton.ReleaseAsync(cancellationToken);
                        }

                        exceptionInfo.Throw();
                    }

                    return startedMessageId;
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                if (outputLog != null)
                {
                    ((IDisposable)outputLog).Dispose();
                }
                if (updateOutputLogTimer != null)
                {
                    ((IDisposable)updateOutputLogTimer).Dispose();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// If the specified function instance requires a timeout (via <see cref="TimeoutAttribute"/>),
        /// create and start the timer.
        /// </summary>
        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Reliability", "CA2000:Dispose objects before losing scope")]
        internal static System.Timers.Timer StartFunctionTimeout(IFunctionInstance instance, TimeoutAttribute attribute, CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource, TraceWriter trace)
        {
            if (attribute == null)
            {
                return null;
            }

            TimeSpan? timeout = attribute.Timeout;

            if (timeout != null)
            {
                MethodInfo method = instance.FunctionDescriptor.Method;
                bool usingCancellationToken = method.GetParameters().Any(p => p.ParameterType == typeof(CancellationToken));
                if (!usingCancellationToken && !attribute.ThrowOnTimeout)
                {
                    // function doesn't bind to the CancellationToken and we will not throw if it fires,
                    // so no point in setting up the cancellation timer
                    return null;
                }

                // Create a Timer that will cancel the token source when it fires. We're using our
                // own Timer (rather than CancellationToken.CancelAfter) so we can write a log entry
                // before cancellation occurs.
                var timer = new System.Timers.Timer(timeout.Value.TotalMilliseconds)
                {
                    AutoReset = false
                };

                timer.Elapsed += (o, e) =>
                {
                    OnFunctionTimeout(timer, method, instance.Id, timeout.Value, attribute.TimeoutWhileDebugging, trace, cancellationTokenSource,
                        () => Debugger.IsAttached);
                };

                timer.Start();

                return timer;
            }

            return null;
        }

        internal static void OnFunctionTimeout(System.Timers.Timer timer, MethodInfo method, Guid instanceId, TimeSpan timeout, bool timeoutWhileDebugging,
            TraceWriter trace, CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource, Func<bool> isDebuggerAttached)
        {
            timer.Stop();

            bool shouldTimeout = timeoutWhileDebugging || !isDebuggerAttached();
            string message = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                "Timeout value of {0} exceeded by function '{1}.{2}' (Id: '{3}'). {4}",
                timeout.ToString(), method.DeclaringType.Name, method.Name, instanceId,
                shouldTimeout ? "Initiating cancellation." : "Function will not be cancelled while debugging.");

            trace.Error(message, null, TraceSource.Execution);

            trace.Flush();

            // Only cancel the token if not debugging
            if (shouldTimeout)
            {
                // only cancel the token AFTER we've logged our error, since
                // the Dashboard function output is also tied to this cancellation
                // token and we don't want to dispose the logger prematurely.
                cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
            }
        }

        private Task<string> LogFunctionStartedAsync(FunctionStartedMessage message,
            IFunctionOutputDefinition functionOutput,
            IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IValueProvider> parameters,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            // Finish populating the function started snapshot.
            message.OutputBlob = functionOutput.OutputBlob;
            message.ParameterLogBlob = functionOutput.ParameterLogBlob;
            message.Arguments = CreateArguments(parameters);

            // Log that the function started.
            return _functionInstanceLogger.LogFunctionStartedAsync(message, cancellationToken);
        }

        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Reliability", "CA2000:Dispose objects before losing scope")]
        private static ITaskSeriesTimer StartOutputTimer(IRecurrentCommand updateCommand, IWebJobsExceptionHandler exceptionHandler)
        {
            if (updateCommand == null)
            {
                return null;
            }

            TimeSpan initialDelay = FunctionOutputIntervals.InitialDelay;
            TimeSpan refreshRate = FunctionOutputIntervals.RefreshRate;
            ITaskSeriesTimer timer = FixedDelayStrategy.CreateTimer(updateCommand, initialDelay, refreshRate, exceptionHandler);
            timer.Start();

            return timer;
        }

        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Reliability", "CA2000:Dispose objects before losing scope")]
        private static ITaskSeriesTimer StartParameterLogTimer(IRecurrentCommand updateCommand, IWebJobsExceptionHandler exceptionHandler)
        {
            if (updateCommand == null)
            {
                return null;
            }

            TimeSpan initialDelay = FunctionParameterLogIntervals.InitialDelay;
            TimeSpan refreshRate = FunctionParameterLogIntervals.RefreshRate;
            ITaskSeriesTimer timer = FixedDelayStrategy.CreateTimer(updateCommand, initialDelay, refreshRate, exceptionHandler);
            timer.Start();

            return timer;
        }

        private async Task ExecuteWithLoggingAsync(IFunctionInstance instance,
            IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IValueProvider> parameters,
            TraceWriter trace,
            IFunctionOutputDefinition outputDefinition,
            IDictionary<string, ParameterLog> parameterLogCollector,
            TraceLevel functionTraceLevel,
            CancellationTokenSource functionCancellationTokenSource)
        {
            IFunctionInvoker invoker = instance.Invoker;

            IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IWatcher> parameterWatchers = null;
            ITaskSeriesTimer updateParameterLogTimer = null;
            if (functionTraceLevel >= TraceLevel.Info)
            {
                parameterWatchers = CreateParameterWatchers(parameters);
                IRecurrentCommand updateParameterLogCommand = outputDefinition.CreateParameterLogUpdateCommand(parameterWatchers, trace);
                updateParameterLogTimer = StartParameterLogTimer(updateParameterLogCommand, _exceptionHandler);
            }

            try
            {
                await ExecuteWithWatchersAsync(instance, parameters, trace, functionCancellationTokenSource);

                if (updateParameterLogTimer != null)
                {
                    // Stop the watches after calling IValueBinder.SetValue (it may do things that should show up in
                    // the watches).
                    // Also, IValueBinder.SetValue could also take a long time (flushing large caches), and so it's
                    // useful to have watches still running.
                    await updateParameterLogTimer.StopAsync(functionCancellationTokenSource.Token);
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                if (updateParameterLogTimer != null)
                {
                    ((IDisposable)updateParameterLogTimer).Dispose();
                }

                if (parameterWatchers != null)
                {
                    ValueWatcher.AddLogs(parameterWatchers, parameterLogCollector);
                }
            }
        }

        private static IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IWatcher> CreateParameterWatchers(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IValueProvider> parameters)
        {
            Dictionary<string, IWatcher> watches = new Dictionary<string, IWatcher>();

            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, IValueProvider> item in parameters)
            {
                IWatchable watchable = item.Value as IWatchable;
                if (watchable != null)
                {
                    watches.Add(item.Key, watchable.Watcher);
                }
            }

            return watches;
        }

        internal static async Task ExecuteWithWatchersAsync(IFunctionInstance instance,
            IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IValueProvider> parameters,
            TraceWriter traceWriter,
            CancellationTokenSource functionCancellationTokenSource)
        {
            IFunctionInvoker invoker = instance.Invoker;
            IReadOnlyList<string> parameterNames = invoker.ParameterNames;

            Tuple<object[], IDelayedException> preparedParameters = await PrepareParametersAsync(parameterNames, parameters);

            object[] invokeParameters = preparedParameters.Item1;
            IDelayedException delayedBindingException = preparedParameters.Item2;

            if (delayedBindingException != null)
            {
                // This is done inside a watcher context so that each binding error is publish next to the binding in
                // the parameter status log.
                delayedBindingException.Throw();
            }

            // if the function is a Singleton, aquire the lock
            SingletonLock singleton = await GetSingletonLockAsync(parameters);
            if (singleton != null)
            {
                await singleton.AcquireAsync(functionCancellationTokenSource.Token);
            }

            // Create a source specifically for timeouts
            using (CancellationTokenSource timeoutTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource())
            {
                MethodInfo method = instance.FunctionDescriptor.Method;
                TimeoutAttribute timeoutAttribute = instance.FunctionDescriptor.TimeoutAttribute;
                bool throwOnTimeout = timeoutAttribute == null ? false : timeoutAttribute.ThrowOnTimeout;
                var timer = StartFunctionTimeout(instance, timeoutAttribute, timeoutTokenSource, traceWriter);
                TimeSpan timerInterval = timer == null ? TimeSpan.MinValue : TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timer.Interval);
                try
                {
                    await InvokeAsync(invoker, invokeParameters, timeoutTokenSource, functionCancellationTokenSource,
                        throwOnTimeout, timerInterval, instance);
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (timer != null)
                    {
                        timer.Stop();
                        timer.Dispose();
                    }
                }
            }

            // Process any out parameters and persist any pending values.
            // Ensure IValueBinder.SetValue is called in BindStepOrder. This ordering is particularly important for
            // ensuring queue outputs occur last. That way, all other function side-effects are guaranteed to have
            // occurred by the time messages are enqueued.
            string[] parameterNamesInBindOrder = SortParameterNamesInStepOrder(parameters);
            foreach (string name in parameterNamesInBindOrder)
            {
                IValueProvider provider = parameters[name];
                IValueBinder binder = provider as IValueBinder;

                if (binder != null)
                {
                    object argument = invokeParameters[GetParameterIndex(parameterNames, name)];

                    try
                    {
                        // This could do complex things that may fail. Catch the exception.
                        await binder.SetValueAsync(argument, functionCancellationTokenSource.Token);
                    }
                    catch (OperationCanceledException)
                    {
                        throw;
                    }
                    catch (Exception exception)
                    {
                        string message = String.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                            "Error while handling parameter {0} after function returned:", name);
                        throw new InvalidOperationException(message, exception);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (singleton != null)
            {
                await singleton.ReleaseAsync(functionCancellationTokenSource.Token);
            }
        }

        internal static async Task InvokeAsync(IFunctionInvoker invoker, object[] invokeParameters, CancellationTokenSource timeoutTokenSource,
            CancellationTokenSource functionCancellationTokenSource, bool throwOnTimeout, TimeSpan timerInterval, IFunctionInstance instance)
        {
            // There are three ways the function can complete:
            //   1. The invokeTask itself completes first.
            //   2. A cancellation is requested (by host.Stop(), for example).
            //      a. Continue waiting for the invokeTask to complete. Either #1 or #3 will occur.
            //   3. A timeout fires.
            //      a. If throwOnTimeout, we throw the FunctionTimeoutException.
            //      b. If !throwOnTimeout, wait for the task to complete.

            // Start the invokeTask.
            Task invokeTask = invoker.InvokeAsync(invokeParameters);

            // Combine #1 and #2 with a timeout task (handled by this method).
            // functionCancellationTokenSource.Token is passed to each function that requests it, so we need to call Cancel() on it
            // if there is a timeout.
            bool isTimeout = await TryHandleTimeoutAsync(invokeTask, functionCancellationTokenSource.Token, throwOnTimeout, timeoutTokenSource.Token,
                timerInterval, instance, () => functionCancellationTokenSource.Cancel());

            // #2 occurred. If we're going to throwOnTimeout, watch for a timeout while we wait for invokeTask to complete.
            if (throwOnTimeout && !isTimeout && functionCancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                await TryHandleTimeoutAsync(invokeTask, CancellationToken.None, throwOnTimeout, timeoutTokenSource.Token, timerInterval, instance, null);
            }

            await invokeTask;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Executes a timeout pattern. Throws an exception if the timeoutToken is canceled before taskToTimeout completes and throwOnTimeout is true.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="invokeTask">The task to run.</param>
        /// <param name="shutdownToken">A token that is canceled if a host shutdown is requested.</param>
        /// <param name="throwOnTimeout">True if the method should throw an OperationCanceledException if it times out.</param>
        /// <param name="timeoutToken">The token to watch. If it is canceled, taskToTimeout has timed out.</param>
        /// <param name="onTimeout">A callback to be executed if a timeout occurs.</param>
        /// <param name="timeoutInterval">The timeout period. Used only in the exception message.</param>
        /// <param name="instance">The function instance. Used only in the exceptionMessage</param>
        /// <returns>True if a timeout occurred. Otherwise, false.</returns>
        private static async Task<bool> TryHandleTimeoutAsync(Task invokeTask, CancellationToken shutdownToken, bool throwOnTimeout, CancellationToken timeoutToken,
            TimeSpan timeoutInterval, IFunctionInstance instance, Action onTimeout)
        {
            Task timeoutTask = Task.Delay(-1, timeoutToken);
            Task shutdownTask = Task.Delay(-1, shutdownToken);
            Task completedTask = await Task.WhenAny(invokeTask, shutdownTask, timeoutTask);

            if (completedTask == timeoutTask)
            {
                if (onTimeout != null)
                {
                    onTimeout();
                }

                if (throwOnTimeout)
                {
                    // If we need to throw, throw now. This will bubble up and eventually bring down the host after
                    // a short grace period for the function to handle the cancellation.
                    string errorMessage = string.Format("Timeout value of {0} was exceeded by function: {1}", timeoutInterval, instance.FunctionDescriptor.ShortName);
                    throw new FunctionTimeoutException(errorMessage, instance.Id, instance.FunctionDescriptor.ShortName, timeoutInterval, invokeTask, null);
                }

                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        private static async Task<SingletonLock> GetSingletonLockAsync(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IValueProvider> parameters)
        {
            IValueProvider singletonValueProvider = null;
            SingletonLock singleton = null;
            if (parameters.TryGetValue(SingletonValueProvider.SingletonParameterName, out singletonValueProvider))
            {
                singleton = (SingletonLock)(await singletonValueProvider.GetValueAsync());
            }

            return singleton;
        }

        private static async Task<Tuple<object[], IDelayedException>> PrepareParametersAsync(IReadOnlyList<string> parameterNames,
            IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IValueProvider> parameters)
        {
            object[] reflectionParameters = new object[parameterNames.Count];
            List<Exception> bindingExceptions = new List<Exception>();

            for (int index = 0; index < parameterNames.Count; index++)
            {
                string name = parameterNames[index];
                IValueProvider provider = parameters[name];

                BindingExceptionValueProvider exceptionProvider = provider as BindingExceptionValueProvider;

                if (exceptionProvider != null)
                {
                    bindingExceptions.Add(exceptionProvider.Exception);
                }

                reflectionParameters[index] = await parameters[name].GetValueAsync();
            }

            IDelayedException delayedBindingException = null;
            if (bindingExceptions.Count == 1)
            {
                delayedBindingException = new DelayedException(bindingExceptions[0]);
            }
            else if (bindingExceptions.Count > 1)
            {
                delayedBindingException = new DelayedException(new AggregateException(bindingExceptions));
            }

            return new Tuple<object[], IDelayedException>(reflectionParameters, delayedBindingException);
        }

        private FunctionStartedMessage CreateStartedMessageWithoutArguments(IFunctionInstance instance)
        {
            FunctionStartedMessage message = new FunctionStartedMessage
            {
                HostInstanceId = _hostOutputMessage.HostInstanceId,
                HostDisplayName = _hostOutputMessage.HostDisplayName,
                SharedQueueName = _hostOutputMessage.SharedQueueName,
                InstanceQueueName = _hostOutputMessage.InstanceQueueName,
                Heartbeat = _hostOutputMessage.Heartbeat,
                WebJobRunIdentifier = _hostOutputMessage.WebJobRunIdentifier,
                FunctionInstanceId = instance.Id,
                Function = instance.FunctionDescriptor,
                ParentId = instance.ParentId,
                Reason = instance.Reason,
                StartTime = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow
            };

            // It's important that the host formats the reason before sending the message.
            // This enables extensibility scenarios. For the built in types, the Host and Dashboard
            // share types so it's possible (in the case of triggered functions) for the formatting
            // to require a call to TriggerParameterDescriptor.GetTriggerReason and that can only
            // be done on the Host side in the case of extensions (since the dashboard doesn't
            // know about extension types).
            message.ReasonDetails = message.FormatReason();

            return message;
        }

        private static FunctionCompletedMessage CreateCompletedMessage(FunctionStartedMessage startedMessage)
        {
            return new FunctionCompletedMessage
            {
                HostInstanceId = startedMessage.HostInstanceId,
                HostDisplayName = startedMessage.HostDisplayName,
                SharedQueueName = startedMessage.SharedQueueName,
                InstanceQueueName = startedMessage.InstanceQueueName,
                Heartbeat = startedMessage.Heartbeat,
                WebJobRunIdentifier = startedMessage.WebJobRunIdentifier,
                FunctionInstanceId = startedMessage.FunctionInstanceId,
                Function = startedMessage.Function,
                Arguments = startedMessage.Arguments,
                ParentId = startedMessage.ParentId,
                Reason = startedMessage.Reason,
                ReasonDetails = startedMessage.FormatReason(),
                StartTime = startedMessage.StartTime,
                OutputBlob = startedMessage.OutputBlob,
                ParameterLogBlob = startedMessage.ParameterLogBlob
            };
        }

        private static IDictionary<string, string> CreateArguments(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IValueProvider> parameters)
        {
            IDictionary<string, string> arguments = new Dictionary<string, string>();

            if (parameters != null)
            {
                foreach (KeyValuePair<string, IValueProvider> parameter in parameters)
                {
                    arguments.Add(parameter.Key, parameter.Value.ToInvokeString());
                }
            }

            return arguments;
        }

        private static int GetParameterIndex(IReadOnlyList<string> parameterNames, string name)
        {
            for (int index = 0; index < parameterNames.Count; index++)
            {
                if (parameterNames[index] == name)
                {
                    return index;
                }
            }

            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot find parameter + " + name + ".");
        }

        private static string[] SortParameterNamesInStepOrder(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, IValueProvider> parameters)
        {
            string[] parameterNames = new string[parameters.Count];
            int index = 0;

            foreach (string parameterName in parameters.Keys)
            {
                parameterNames[index] = parameterName;
                index++;
            }

            IValueProvider[] parameterValues = new IValueProvider[parameters.Count];
            index = 0;

            foreach (IValueProvider parameterValue in parameters.Values)
            {
                parameterValues[index] = parameterValue;
                index++;
            }

            Array.Sort(parameterValues, parameterNames, ValueBinderStepOrderComparer.Instance);
            return parameterNames;
        }

        private class ValueBinderStepOrderComparer : IComparer<IValueProvider>
        {
            private static readonly ValueBinderStepOrderComparer Singleton = new ValueBinderStepOrderComparer();

            private ValueBinderStepOrderComparer()
            {
            }

            public static ValueBinderStepOrderComparer Instance
            {
                get
                {
                    return Singleton;
                }
            }

            public int Compare(IValueProvider x, IValueProvider y)
            {
                return Comparer<int>.Default.Compare((int)GetStepOrder(x), (int)GetStepOrder(y));
            }

            private static BindStepOrder GetStepOrder(IValueProvider provider)
            {
                IOrderedValueBinder orderedBinder = provider as IOrderedValueBinder;

                if (orderedBinder == null)
                {
                    return BindStepOrder.Default;
                }

                return orderedBinder.StepOrder;
            }
        }
    }
}


DEDHAM, Mass. (AP) — A judge has convicted a Massachusetts man of running over a hotel worker four years ago and dragging her body more than 3 miles.
The Norfolk District Attorney's Office says 25-year-old Moses Acloque, of Norwood, was convicted on Tuesday of charges including motor vehicle homicide and leaving the scene of an accident after causing death. Sentencing is planned for mid-March.
Authorities say Acloque was squatting in a vacant room at the Arbor Inn on U.S. Route 1. Hotel management confronted him in November 2013.
Police say Acloque tried to flee in a truck, but hit 58-year-old Kanchanben Patel, who became stuck under the vehicle and was dragged for miles into Foxborough.
Patel's body became dislodged after Acloque pulled into the parking lot behind a restaurant near Gillette Stadium.


"Hey guys, thought I'd share some captures from Saturday.
"Taku, thanks so much for the great tips during both classes yesterday! I feel that I have a better idea now of how to position things in the shot to have a more effective outcome.
I really enjoyed today's workshop. Taku was very helpful in showing us how to take interesting photos and providing feedback on the pictures we took. I learned a lot from him in the three hour session today!
"Hi Richard, I really enjoyed my day, I still have a lot to work on. My screen on my camera was hard to see the pictures, so needed to delete a lot after viewing them at home. Unfortunately I love the sailors picture, however disappointed that I did not see at the time that I cut part of his arm off.
Will be looking to take another class to improve.
The class on Saturday was awesome. It was my first ever photography class and I loved it. Thanks to Taku for being such a helpful instructor with loads of patience. When we were by the water, there was a lot of glare, so it was difficult to see what I was shooting. When I got home, I had to scrap some shots because of that.
"I enjoyed learning about the camera session before the camera shoot. It has opened up the camera's features to me and made me much more confident and relaxed with it when photo situations arise.
"Thank you so much Taku,, I had a great time and learned a lot !
The picture is amazing I love it!!!!!!!


text:
AACAboutNews ArchiveSingle view
The Academic Podcast - An Important Tool for Research Communication - Lib AAC
The Academic Podcast - An Important Tool for Research Communication
12/17/2021 by Wiebke Kartheus Services American Studies AUS & NZ Studies Canadian Studies British & Irish Studies
Last Update: March 7, 2022
The transfer of knowledge and the discussion of research findings is one of the most central tasks in academia. To a heightened degree, fields operating in the humanities have a responsibility and desire to communicate their research as it helps to contextualize, explain, categorize, and observe the many aspects of human existence as they relate to politics, history, culture, nature, and society. Aspirations to make knowledge production and academic discourse more transparent as well as permeable are strongly encouraged (if not required) by sponsors and facilitated by digital technology that reaches audiences like never before. The possibilities seem endless, so does the amount of outlets, so does the workload.
With this gateway, the FID AAC wants to highlight excellent examples for successful and innovative research communication in form of podcasts and, in doing so, appreciate the immense work that goes into the production of episodes, channels, and overall scholarly communication infrastructure. At the same time, we want to provide a source for students, teachers, and researchers working in our fields to find valuable resources. This gateway, in which we mainly focused on German productions, aims to make the work of many visible and usable. If important resources are missing, please let us know.
Quo Vadis USA (2020–) is the weekly podcast of the Heidelberg Center for American Studies and covers recent developments as well as historic events in the US from different perspectives. This podcast is a platform for scholars, public intellectuals and other US-experts to talk about current research findings as well as pressing societal, political, and cultural matters on a regular basis. Listen to it on Apple Podcast and Spotify.
Talking American Studies (2018–) is an academic podcast produced and hosted by Verena Adamik to showcase the work of German researchers in American Studies. In conversationwith the host the guests talk about their ongoing American studies projects, greater cultural phenomena, and academia in Germany in more general terms. Find all listening channels on Buzzsprout.
The Trans-Atlanticist (2021–), produced by the Amerikazentrum Hamburg and hosted by Andrew Sola, investigates the transatlantic relations between Germany and the USA in relation to past, present, and future. In order to do so Sola invites a wide spectrum of experts reaching from journalists and artists to businessmen and academics. Two sub-series have thus far emerged "Novel RomAntics" (hosted by Douglas Cowie) and "LadyFiction" (hosted by Stefanie Schäfer). Listen to the podcast on Spotify and Podigee.
Charting the Australian Fantastic Podcast (2020 - 2021) is produced by the Centre for Australian Studies at the University of Cologne and embedded within the larger project "Charting the Australian Fantastic: Ecocriticism, Migrant Fiction and Postcoloniality in Australian Speculative Fiction". The hosts Bettina Burger, Lucas Mattila, and David Kern discuss key concepts and literary works related to the fantastic with their guests. Listen to the podcast on Spotify.
Stuff the British Stole (2020–) is a podcast that explores the oftentimes-brutal history of the British Empire and the Commonwealth through objects that ended up in the collections of prestigious institutions or that lost their origin on their way into everyday lives. Hosted by journalist Marc Fennell and produced by ABC Podcast this podcast is truly binge-worthy. Listen on Spotify and Apple Podcasts.
British Studies Lecture Series (2018–2020) is the collection of lectures given at the British, Irish and Empire Studies program of the University of Texas at Austin. These lectures given by renowned professors of history, literary studies, political science, and the arts cover a wide array of topics that lie at the core of studying British culture and literature: From Shakespearian drama and Oscar Wilde to Winston Churchill and Brexit. Listen to the podcast on Spotify.
The Irish Itinerary Podcast (2020–) is produced by the European Federation of Associations and Centres of Irish Studies (EFACIS) and showcases the work of Irish artists and authors alongside that of scholars active in the field of Irish studies throughout Europe. This is wonderfully achieved by bringing together one author/artist and one researcher in each episode. Listen to the episodes on the EFACIS website.
RaDiHum20 (2020-) is the RAdio for DIgital HUManities and is hosted by Jonathan Geiger, Lisa Kolodzie, Mareike Schumacher, and Patrick Toschka. In each episode members of the DH-community in Germany are interviewed to present ongoing projects, to talk about tools and methodologies, or to reflect on and investigate broader questions/movements within the field of DH. Listen to the podcast on Spotify.
Ceteris never Pluribus: The History of Economic Thought Podcast (2017-) is hosted by a group of international scholars from numerous fields connected to economics. Each episode explores its topics by inviting experts guests to discuss different aspects in conversation. Great examples of how well this concepts works are "Defining and Measuring Poverty" (Ep. 16) or "A Cataclysm Sentence for Economics" (Ep. 26). You can subscribe to this podcast on numerous platforms.
Bunny Trails: A Word History Podcast (2018-) discovers the origin and history of commonly known idioms. In each episode hosts Shauna Harrison and Dan Pugh discuss one phrase from "play it by ear" (ep. 4) to "thick as thieves" (ep. 65) to "earworm" (ep. 94) to "cool as a cucumber" (ep. 135). The innovative nature of language never ceases to amaze and this podcast is proof of that. Listen to the episodes on the podcast's website.
The History of English Podcast: The Spoken History of a Global Language (2012-) is one of the earliest and best known podcasts to explore the English language in all its facets. Host Kevin Stroud has been on "a fascinating journey through old manuscripts, foreign lands, and familiar historical figures" to shed light on the cultural, phonetic, historical, literary, social, geographical, and political dimensions of English. This podcast also provides geographic maps to better follow the movements of English. Listen to the episodes on the podcast's website.
Another Place, Another Time (2021–2022), is the second lecture series-gone-podcast of the English Seminar of the University of Heidelberg that was released during the winter term 2021/22. This 15-episode podcast comes to terms with the question "what a departure from immediate reality means in different literary periods, genres, modes, and movements." Once more, Annika Elstermann assembeled scholars who contribute greatly to the ongoing discussion of relevant themes including authenticity, sentimentalism, utopia, and fantasy. Listen to the episodes or read the transcripts on the website of the English Seminar.
Community and Isolation (2020–2021), is the first lecture series-gone-podcast of the English Seminar of the University of Heidelberg. Initiated by Annika Elstermann, this 12-episode podcast offers its speakers a platform to discuss different forms and functions of 'community' and 'isolation' in anglophone literatures. The series covers a wide range of literary themes reaching from Old English sagas to classic American prose to eighteenth century pandemic narratives, while each episode examines its topic in great detail and in an engaing fashion. Listen to the episodes or read the transcripts on the website of the English Seminar.
Anything but Silent (2019–2020), was a podcast series produced by the British Library and the Eccles Center for American Studies centering on the library as a place of freedom and a imagined space around which stories formulate. In conversation with her guests, Cleo Laskarin visited many types of libraries and uncovered the secrets and potential they hold. Listen to the podcast on Apple Podcasts and Podigee.
Podcast of the "Book and You" (2021) on occasion of the fifth anniversary of the event series in Berlin. This limited series contains five interviews in German and French with outstanding Canadian authors, who have all been part of "Book and You" in the past: episode 1 with Kim Thúy, episode 2 with Éric Plamondon, episode 3 with Christian Guay-Poliquin, episode 4 with Joséphine Bacon, and episode 5 with Marie-Célie Agnant.
Microform (2017–) is the podcast of the DFG-funded Graduate School for "Literatur- und Wissensgeschichte kleiner Formen". It explores the scope and variations of the literary history and epistemology of small text forms and formats through interviews, features, and an ongoing encyclopedia. You can listen to it on Spotify and Apple Podcast.
Queer Lit (2021–), is a literary studies podcast focusing on the politics, forms, and particularities of queer literature. In this bi-weekly podcast host Lena Mattheis invites one or more expert guests to explore the full spectrum of LGBTQIA+* literature and its impact on culture as a whole. Listen on Spreaker and find all further channels there.
Postcolonial Space (2020–) is a vast archive of postcolonial thought and criticism that includes episodes on major crucial works and schools within postcolonial studies. Masood Raja, who is professor of postcolonial studies, complements shorter episodes on theoretical concepts with entire series on influential books, literary reviews, and extensive Q&A sessions. Listen on Apple Podcasts or visit Masood Raja's YouTube Channel.
Erased in Translation (2020) is a two-part limited podcast series produced by the Research Training Group "Minor Cosmopolitanism". The hosts talk to Vanessa Thompson and Sara Salem about their jointly written article "Old Racisms, New Masks" and dive deeper into decolonial practices, critical race theory, and travelling theories to explore race relations in Europe. Listen to the podcast and find all related materials here.
Sonderforschungebereiche (SFBs)
Bedrohte Ordnungen - Krisen anders denken (2020) is the podcast of SFB 923 "Bedrohte Ordnungen" at the University of Tübingen. Its host Pia Furth interviews members of the research group to investigate questions about real and perceived threats to established orders. Especially interesting for the members our research communities are the episodes on "Brexit, Britishness und Bedrohte Ordnung" and "Der Fall George Floyd: Rasse, Macht und Ordnung in den USA". This podcast is in German. Listen to it on Spotify.
Hinter den Dingen (2018–) is interested in exploring museum objects to trace premodern histories. Produced by the SFB 980 "Episteme in Bewegung" at Freie Universität Berlin, this podcast is not afraid to try unique narrative strategies - moving between scientific facts, feature, and radio play - to uncover the facettes of every object. The members of this research group let their audience partake in their scholarship in very engaging ways. This podcast is in German. Listen on Spotify or Apple Podcasts.
More Than a Feeling: Gefühle und Gesellschaft (2020–) is the podcast of SFB 1171 "Affective Societies" at Freie Universität Berlin. In conversation research group members Birgitt Röttger-Rössler and Margreth Lünenborg talk with each other and with guests about societal and personal emotions, feelings, and affects. Episodes include conversations about journalism, theater, and other mechansims of generating public feelings. Listen the podcast on Spotify.
Recht abgedreht - Recht und Film (2021–) is the newly-established podcast of the Justice and Crime Movie cluster of the SFB 1385 Recht und Literatur. The members of the cluster talk about different ways in which movies and films deal with law, the judiciary system, and crime. Depending on the angle each film takes, the conversations on this podcast set out to cover a lot of ground in discussing representation, narrative strategy, and history of the medium. This podcast is in German. Find out where to listen.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Former 'Con' editor honoured for services to journalism and the community
Wesley Atchison.
news@tyronecon.co.uk
Monday 3 January 2022 15:19
THE former long-time editor of the Tyrone Constitution and its sister newspaper, the Strabane Weekly News, Wesley Atchison, said he was "humbled but delighted and grateful" to have been awarded a British Empire Medal (BEM) in the New Year Honours List for services to journalism and the community in Co Tyrone.
The 66-year-old Omagh native joined Tyrone's oldest newspaper - the 'Con' which was founded in 1844 - directly after completing his A level studies at the then Portora Royal School in Enniskillen.
He officially retired in August 2020 having served 46 years continuously with the Tyrone newspapers - now part of the Alpha Media Group.
Having received the letter from the Cabinet Office informing him of the honour a few weeks ago while recuperating from recent surgery, Wesley said it was a welcome boost as well as a complete surprise.
He also said he was sure there were many who were more deserving of such an accolade, but he was extremely grateful to have been nominated and recognised.
Full story in this week's edition, alongside coverage of other Tyrone recipients.


text:
require('../common.js');

test.expect(1);

var m = require('module');
test.strictEqual(typeof m.Module, 'function');

test.done();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
USGC: Report Helps Countries Accelerate Transition to Net Zero
Agriculture/Food Processing Residues nonfield crop, Alcohol/Ethanol/Isobutanol, Aviation Fuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)), BioChemicals/Renewable Chemicals, BioRefineries/Renewable Fuel Production, Brazil, Business News/Analysis, Canada, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), European Union (EU), Feedstocks, Finland, France, India, Indonesia, International, Marketing/Market Forces and Sales, Netherlands, Opinions, Policy, Sustainability, UK (United Kingdom)
(Ethanol Producer Magazine/US Grains Council) In December, the International Energy Agency – the leading intergovernmental organization that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global energy sector – released its Renewables 2022 Analysis. The report is available for use by countries looking at cases to accelerate their transition to net zero.
Renewables 2022 includes analysis on the renewable energy sector, including developments and trends for transportation, including increasingly ambitious energy targets in the European Union (EU), growth in ethanol consumption in Brazil, biofuel blending in India and global feedstock availability to meet the rise of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), many topics on which the U.S. Grains Council (USGC) provided review and comment in the run up to its publication.
"In this most recent IEA report, total global biofuel demand is estimated to increase more than 20 percent between 2020 and 2027, and world ethanol consumption is projected to rise in an accelerated case scenario," said Isabelle Ausdal, USGC manager of global ethanol policy and economics. "This reinforces the U.S. industry's recognition of ethanol's importance as a tool for countries to accelerate their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions and underscores the importance of scaling up technologies such as carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) to reach net zero carbon intensity."
According to IEA's report, ethanol consumption in Europe is expected to remain steady at 2021 levels, with the most significant growth in the United Kingdom (U.K.) where consumption is projected to expand by more than 50 percent to meet its Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) and national E10 blending. Recognition was also given to the U.K., Finland and the Netherlands for national E10 blending and the increase in popularity of flex fuel vehicles in France.
While remaining steady in the EU, increased ethanol consumption is forecasted to occur largely in emerging economies aiming to reduce oil imports and boost local economies, while also helping to reduce GHG emissions. IEA projects overall demand for biofuel in Brazil to expand by 40 percent between 2022 and 2027, with ethanol accounting for 70 percent of this change. This is attributed to Brazil's ethanol mandate, discretionary blending, RenovaBio program and increasing gasoline demand.
Grain-based ethanol production capacity in India is currently not adequate to supplement sugar-based ethanol to meet demand and IEA predicts it will meet only E12 using exclusively domestic production within the next few years. Otherwise, IEA forecasts that India will meet its E20 demand in an accelerated scenario through expanding grain-based ethanol production capacity, allowing imports and addressing vehicle compatibility issues. India estimates grain-based ethanol will provide 46 percent of its supplies by 2025 or 2026.
As demand increases at the country level, global demand for SAF also increases. Due to this boom in aviation demand, IEA expects the world will see a feedstock crunch. Additional pressure will be added as the EU extends limits on the number of eligible supplies. Ethanol was highlighted as a viable feedstock in SAF production to backfill the soaring demand for wastes, oils and fats. The U.S. was identified as the country with the most significant growth potential for SAF production, assuming policies will favor SAF over renewable diesel.
"Policies are the main drivers of biofuel and renewable energy use. With consistent and progressive implementation, IEA's accelerated scenarios can help countries expedite their progress to meet their 2030 climate targets and beyond," Ausdal said. "The IEA is a global policy force in the movement toward a net-zero energy future. We greatly value their insights and partnership in contributing to a report so widely respected. The Council looks forward to continued collaboration and the representation of ethanol in the renewable energy future." READ MORE
Renewables 2022: Executive summary (International Energy Agency)
Renewables 2022 (International Energy Agency)
Renewable power's growth is being turbocharged as countries seek to strengthen energy security (International Energy Agency)
Excerpt from International Energy Agency: Total global biofuel demand is set to expand by 22% over the 2022-2027 period. The United States, Canada, Brazil, Indonesia and India make up 80% of the expected global expansion in biofuel use, with all five countries having comprehensive policies to support growth. READ MORE
alcohol fuelsAviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)BrazilCanadacarbon capture and storage (CCS)carbon capture and utilization (CCU)Carbon Intensity (CI)carbon/CO2 sequestrationcurrency/foreign exchange policyE10E12E20energy policyenvironmental policyethanol/bioethanolEuropean Union (EU)Finlandflex-fuel vehicles (FFV)FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease)FraceGHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions)IndiaIndonesiaInternational Energy Agency (IEA)Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF))market forcesmarkets/salesNetherlandsprecursors/biointermediatesSustainabilityTransportation Fuels PolicyUK (United Kingdom)


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text:
System Informatyczny Lasów Państwowych – komputerowy system wspomagania zarządzania w Państwowym Gospodarstwie Leśnym "Lasy Państwowe", wdrażany od 1995 roku, stanowił wówczas jedno z największych przedsięwzięć informatycznych realizowanych w Polsce.

Charakterystyka
SILP jest narzędziem informatycznym uwzględniającym złożoność procesów gospodarczych na każdym poziomie zarządzania: leśnictwa, nadleśnictwa, innych zakładów LP, regionalnych dyrekcji LP, Dyrekcji Generalnej LP. W skład systemu wchodzą zintegrowane ze sobą moduły:
 las – moduł (podsystem) główny opisujący całą działalność gospodarczą LP. W jego otoczeniu działają pozostałe moduły (podsystemy) i aplikacje.
 gospodarka towarowa
 płace i kadry
 finanse i księgowość
 infrastruktura
 rejestratororaz:
 marketing – ewidencja obrotów drewnem
 raporty – system raportowania generujący zestawienia, których nie można standardowo uzyskać w module las
 planowanie pozyskania drewna, tworzenie i optymalizacja planu sprzedaży (Acer)
 inwentaryzacja i planowanie należności z tytułu sprzedaży towarów i usług (Dłużnik).
 Płatnik – moduł umożliwiający generowanie deklaracji ZUS na podstawie danych znajdujących się na serwerach poszczególnych poziomów zarządzania.

Integracja wewnętrzna systemu ewidencji modułu las pozwala na jednokrotne wprowadzenie jakiegokolwiek dokumentu. Staje się on jednocześnie dostępny dla pozostałych modułów. Integracja zewnętrzna umożliwia agregowanie informacji z niższych poziomów organizacyjnych (poziomów zarządzania) do wyższych.

Historia
W grudniu 1990 roku Uchwałą Kolegium Lasów Państwowych zapadała decyzja w sprawie budowy SILP. Procedura przetargowa wyłoniła firmy: Hewlett-Packard na sprzęt oraz Schnelldatenservice-SDS Austria na oprogramowanie. System funkcjonuje od 1997 roku we wszystkich nadleśnictwach w Polsce i korzysta z niego ok. 17 tys. użytkowników.

Wyróżnienia
SILP został nagrodzony przez magazyn Computerworld tytułem LIDERA INFORMATYKI 2000 – w kategorii: organizacje użyteczności publicznej.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Geomatyka w Lasach Państwowych, cz. 1, Lasy Państwowe 2010, .

 , Państwowe Gospodarstwo Leśne Lasy Państwowe, s. 51-53

Linki zewnętrzne
 Zakład informatyki Lasów Państwowych

Lasy Państwowe
Systemy informatyczne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


- World's most popular geology and mine planning software.
- It supports open pit and underground mining operations and exploration projects.
- The two most important things done by surpac.
All borehole data can be a direct input to Surpac. This saves time and minimizes errors.
1. Existing data in any format can also be an input to Surpac(ASCII format).
2. Surpac will audit and load only valid data with options for error removal.
3. Once connected to Geology database in Surpac the Geologist works in 3D environment , which helps to;Create Borehole PlotsDifferent types of CompositingCreate Geological Cross sections and PlansWireframingor orebodymodelling based on geology and or grade,Geostatisticalcalculations to arrive at optimum interval of drilling and influence.
4.Block Modelling to compute grade by various interpolation methods to compute Geological and Mineable reserves at different cut-off and level.
5.Creation of Slice plan and sections at any interval or orientation.
It provides a method for estimating volume, tonnage, and average grade of a 3-D bodyf rom sparse drill hole data.
- Estimation of grade by different methods - IDW, Krigging.
- Geological and Mineable Reserve estimation at different cut-offs.
- Creation of section and slice plan at any interval and orientation.
- Different reports - elevationwise, gradewise, lithocodewise, mining blockwise, statistical analysis, histogram etc.
Surpac addresses all the requirements of geologists, surveyors, and mining engineers in the resource sector.
Drillhole logs, soil boring logs, geophysical logs, well construction diagrams. Send us your field notes and we will convert them to digital logs.
A total station need to be used for the shake of speed and precision in surveying. Total station is an optical instrument used in modern surveying. It is a combination of an electronic theodolite (transit), an electronic distance meter (EDM) and software running on an external computer known as a data collector.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), chiefly developed locate the position of a particular location with co-ordinates (Latitude and Longitudes) and navigational purposes.
I)	Topographical mapping of the area on 1:5000 and 1:2000 scale with one meter contour interval.
II)	Laying grid lines has to be drawn for the borehole points.
III)	Fixing of the bench mark.
X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy using both energy and wavelength modes has for some time been used as the method of choice for determining percentage levels of metals in inorganic matrices such as alloys and cement. Recent technological advances that enhance both the resolution and data process capabilities now allow XRF to perform ppm level determinations on a wide range of sample matrices. The primary focus of sample preparation is to achieve homogeneity. Samples are then loaded into a sample cup with a thin mylar film and placed in the instrument. Depending on specific metals, the run time is 10-30 minutes for an energy dispersive system. Quantitation limits are generally 10-20 ppm for electrically cooled XRF units and the added stability of a liquid nitrogen unit results in an approximate increase in sensitivity of around 25%.
Surface samples have to be collected randomly from different locations covering the entire area separately and the geochemical analysis of the samples can be done directly in the field by using the following sophisticated instrument.
The Thermo scientific Niton x-ray tube based x-ray fluorescence analyzers have most demanding applications. It is Portable and analyzes major/minor/trace elements in sample. It can analyze 25 elements and its standard analytical range includes from Mg to U (varies by application).
DHP-1000 is a high performance down hole probe, based on Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry for the determination of minor and major concentrations in boreholes and other matrices. This instrument provide years of reliable, fast and accurate analysis. It is possible to lower the DHP system down a predrilled hole up to 100's of meters. The down hole probe revolutionizes in-situ characterization, providing real-time concentration information in the field-no waiting lab results.
It shows good performance features. Most elements of interest detected at <0.01% with a 30 second measurement time and it is of higher accuracy as the system down a pre-drilled hole up to hundreds of meters.
For confirmation of the geochemical data obtained by our portable XRF, the sample has to send such agencies/ laboratory. So negotiation has to be done prior to beginning of the drilling operation. Numbers of good laboratories are few and they can not cope up with work load, resulting in back log. So a negotiation has to be done with such agencies to ensure that the result of the glauconitic sand stone should receive timely. This will ensure timely completion of report and further advancement of the project.


«As soon as the scale of the accident became clear, the management of AZMOL British Petrochemicals at the official level decided to provide any possible assistance to the city. All employees of the Azmol, being not only residents, but also patriots of Berdyansk, were ready to work tirelessly, only to restore the normal water supply to the city more quickly. The main areas of work were identified - prompt supply of water to citizens and assistance in eliminating the accident.
"We are well aware that the launch of the water will not be fast, besides, the collector is in a terrible condition and people need to stock up on water," Vladimir Pivovarov told us.
But the main task was the installation of a bypass pipeline bypassing the damaged section, which was assigned to the Azmol repair and mechanical workshop staff.
The work lasted around the clock throughout January 30-31, 2019 and took place at two sites: in the workshops of the Azmol plant and, in fact, at the accident site. In the workshops of the plant, the pipes were prepared and welded in two parts of 6 meters for faster installation at the site of the accident, and then sent directly to the emergency site.
- The preparation work in the workshops lasted from 2:00 pm on the 30th until 5:00 am the next day, and direct installation began at 7:00 pm, as pumps from Kiev waited all day, which began to be connected immediately upon arrival, - says Vladimir Pivovarov. - Experts RMM company AZMOL British Petrochemicals carried out the installation of the knee in the water and under the unceasing winter wind. The work went on all night and was completed only by 10 am on January 31.
As a result, the work at the two sites took more than a day without a break. It was prepared and laid about 250 meters of the pipeline.
"The Azmol is ready to help Berdyansk in any situation," the company's management says. - We are grateful to our employees for their position and care about everything that happens in the city», the publication said.


The Red Deer is the UK's largest land mammal and is native to our shores.
The autumn rut is an impressive wildlife spectacle when the males size each other up by roaring and strutting, at first, without violence but this can soon escalate to fighting with interlocked antlers sometimes with fatal results.
A stag can weigh up to 240kgs and a hind up to 170kgs.
Only the stag has antlers which start to grow in spring but shed at the end of winter the following year. The antlers are composed of bone which grows at about 2.5cm per day.
A Red Stag's antlers are called branch antlers as they resemble the branches of a tree.
red deer can cross-breed with Japanese Sika, various conservation groups are trying to control this serious issue in the UK.


This listing is for Sunflower Check, a lovely mill dyed 100% wool fabric that I have washed and dried with fluffy towels in the dryer. This is a felting (fulling) process that shrinks the wool 10 - 15% making it perfect to use in rug hooking, applique, quilting and sewing projects.
The name says it all...a beautiful golden sunny yellow woven in a tiny check pattern made up of bright and muted yellows. It's the perfect weight for rughooking or applique. It can be cut as narrow as a #7 cut.
Use for flowers, chicks, birds, houses and buildings. Great for pictorials, geometrics. It's just a great all around perfect addition to have in your stash.
Love this wool! It is a treat to work with. Lovely color. Item was as posted. Easy and kind transaction. Thank you!
Pleasantly surprised with this color. Very p;eased with this purchase.


Journal des Dames et des Modes, Paris, March 6, 1803.
This is a pretty spectacular ensemble. The bodice is made of white lace, with a short ruffle beneath the bosom. The sleeves are quite long, with loose cuffs hanging low over the hands.
The pink skirt is trimmed at the bottom and diagonally across the front with a band that, according to the description, includes diamonds. There appears to be a row of diamonds at the edge of the trim, and there may also be diamonds in the floral pattern. The skirt is made with a substantial train.
More matching jewels adorn the neck. The centerpiece of the necklace holds a cameo. And finally, the woman holds a very small opera fan.
This is not a court dress — Napoleon would not declare himself Emperor for another year — but is an opulent enough ensemble to have been seen in one of Napoleon's lavish entertainments.


The Teal Hole? Miami Dolphins fans tried to be intimidating to the Patriots Sunday. They succeeded ... we guess?
1 p.m. EDT: Who doesn't want to punch Jim Nantz in the face when he casually mentions that it is currently 84 degrees in Miami?
1:08-Dolphins got two first downs with some runs by Lamar Miller, but Patriots forced a punt on Miami's first drive.
1:11-11-yard run by LeGarrette Blount on New England's first play followed by a seven-yard screen pass to him.
1:12-Eight-yard run by Blount, um wow.
1:15-Tom Brady hits Julian Edelman for 22 yards on 3rd and 2.
1:20-Patriots marched down the field on their opening drive but stalled in the red zone, miss you Gronk. They settled for a 22-yard field goal by Stephen Gostkowski, 3-0 Pats.
1:27-Dolphins go 3-and-out on their second drive, Ryan Tannehill hasn't been very accurate so far.
1:31-11-yard run for Stevan Ridley on his first touch of the game.
1:33-End of a quiet first quarter, Patriots lead 3-0.
1:36-12-yard catch by Mike Wallace. He really hasn't lived up to that crazy contract. Who could have predicted that?
1:38-4-yard sack by Kyle Arrington, wait what?
1:41-Good punt by Brandon Fields, downed by Miami at New England's 2-yard line.
1:45-57-yard punt by Ryan Allen, that's right this game has been so devoid of offensive highlights that I'm talking about both punters this early.
1:47-5-yard sack by good old Joe Vellano.
1:48-22-yard catch by Wallace on the sideline, nothing you can do to stop that.
1:49-13-yard reverse by Wallace, that can't happen.
1:50-8-yard sack by Chandler Jones, Miami's offensive line is brutal-Tannehill has been sacked more than any other QB in the NFL.
1:52-Ok that made me laugh: Dolphins elect to go for a 42-yard field goal on 4th-and-1 but the snap goes right off the Fields' face mask (he hadn't turned around yet). What a waste for the Dolphins. It should be tied at three.
1:54-30-yard catch by Danny Amendola on the ensuing play, followed by an 11-yard grab.
2:04-Beautiful one-handed 13-yard touchdown catch by Michael Hoomanawanui, his first as a Patriot (fourth career TD catch). Wow, who had a clue that he could do something like that? 10-0 Patriots, huge TD with 1:45 left in the first half.
2:09-24-yard catch by Rishard Matthews, Miami's longest play of the game thus far. Next play, Tannehill airmails a wide open Brian Hartline.
2:10-That's what Tannehill can do, move outside the pocket and find Marlon Moore for an 11-yard throw. He's very mobile.
2:13-Money throw by Tannehill, 39-yard catch and run for a TD by Wallace with 32 seconds left in the first half. Huge score for the Dolphins, they really needed that. Marquice Cole had subbed in when Kyle Arrington went down with cramps, he was burned along with Steve Gregory.
2:18-Patriots run out the clock and they take a 10-7 lead into the locker room. They played well in the first half, particularly the defense save for Wallace's TD. If we're being honest, it should be tied after the Dolphins made a Pop Warner mistake on that attempted field goal.
2:34-30-yard catch by Josh Boyce on 3rd down, he has a chance to be pretty good if he can stay healthy the next few seasons.
2:38-Great announcer jinx by Nantz on Gostkowski, running through all the numbers (21 straight under 50 yards) before he hooks a 48-yard kick wide.
2:40-Patriots might want to put Aqib Talib on Wallace, nobody else can seem to cover him-13-yard catch.
2:42-19-yard catch by Hartline, his first of the game.
2:45-Dolphins are called for holding on 3rd down which the Pats decline, Caleb Sturgis ties it at 10 with a 32-yard field goal midway through the third quarter.
2:49-9-yard run by Ridley, he should get more carries in the second half after Blount had the majority in the first half.
2:51-Four straight incompletions by Brady then Wake sacks him for an 8-yard loss on 3rd down. You knew that this game was going down to the wire.
2:55-17-yard catch by Hartline, Tannehill is starting to feel it now.
2:57-15-yard catch by Hartline, this is not a recording.
3:00-Dane Fletcher is called for a killer pass interference penalty on 3rd down which gives Miami 1st and Goal from the 5.
3:01-Tied at 10 after three quarters although Miami has the ball on New England's 2-yard line when they return.
3:04-2-yard touchdown catch by Daniel Thomas, nobody on the Patriots even thought about covering him out of the backfield. Dolphins take their first lead, 17-10 and they've scored 17 points in a row.
3:09-Clutch 6-yard catch by Austin Collie on 3rd-and-3, Pats really needed that first down.
3:14-Good looking drive: 4-yard catch by Edelman on 3rd-and-2 then a 12-yard grab by him.
3:15-12 men on the field for the Dolphins, another brutal mistake.
3:16-10th catch of the game for Edelman goes for 9 yards. Who would have believed he'd stay healthy enough to have 86 this season? 100 seems reasonable at this rate, he's been great.
3:18-Powerful 8-yard run by Blount, bouncing off multiple tacklers.
3:20-Brady gets pressured so he has to get rid of it before Vereen had turned. Patriots settle for a 23-yard field goal that cuts it to 17-13 Dolphins with 7:45 left. 16-play drive by New England but it only netted three points.
3:22-Yikes, Nate Solder (head) won't return. He had a concussion this week so symptoms of that must have returned.
3:27-Great blitz call by the Patriots, Dennard came off the edge and knocked down Tannehill's 3rd down pass.
3:29-12-yard catch by Amendola, Patriots are cooking now.
3:30-13-yard catch by Edelman, he's been excellent in the second half.
3:31-19-yard catch by Collie on a fastball by Brady, gotta love the warm temperatures.
3:32-24-yard catch and run by Edelman, what a play! He has a career-high 127 receiving yards (7 catches in the 4th quarter). Patriots take a 20-17 lead with 4:07 left in the fourth quarter.
3:35-And Gostkowski promptly puts the ensuing kickoff out of bounds, ugh.
3:36-6-yard sack by Sealver Siliga, his first notable play as a Patriot (of course).
3:37-4th and 5, Dolphins roll the dice by going for it but Charles Clay makes something out of nothing and gets six yards on a dump off.
3:39-2-minute warning, 1:57 left in regulation. Dolphins have it 2nd and 7 at New England's 46.
3:41-Huge 24-yard catch by Matthews down the sideline, he kept both feet inbounds.
3:42-14-yard touchdown catch by Marcus Thigpen, Dont'a Hightower didn't have a prayer to stop it, he's such a bust. Miami up 24-20 with 1:15 left. Good news: Patriots still have all three timeouts left. The kick out of bounds hurt but Dolphins earned that with the fourth down conversion when many would have punted.
3:50-12-yard catch by Amendola on 4th-and-8, he's had a really nice game too (over 100 yards).
3:51-24-yard catch by Amendola, welcome to the Patriots (finally).
3:52-12-yard catch by Edelman down to Miami's 19.
3:53-Brady almost completed a pretty TD to Amendola but it was knocked away at the last second.
3:54-Offside on Cameron Wake with 16 seconds left.
3:58-Hooman almost catches a TD but Dannell Ellerbe was very tight in coverage on him. Gronk would have made that catch or at least drawn a flag. Phil Simms helpfully explains, "That's normally a flag, but not now." Huh?
3:59-4th-and-5, last play of the game and Brady gets picked off the end zone by something named Michael Thomas. He forced it into double coverage to Collie, not Edelman or Amendola? Tough loss for the Pats but the Dolphins certainly earned it. Miami snaps a seven-game losing streak to New England to stay alive in the playoff picture with two easier games left (at Bills, Jets). It's a costly loss for the Patriots, who had a chance to take the No. 1 seed in the AFC but now it stays the same with them in second after Denver also lost (on Thursday). Next week in Baltimore won't be any easier as they always give the Patriots fits.


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The Blue Lagoon (1980) - Film Review
Home > Everywhere > Film Reviews | Movie Reviews
by Nessa123 (subscribe)
I'm a freelance writer living in Perth, Western Australia.
Published October 6th 2016
Romance and passion on the high seas
The1980 production of The Blue Lagoon is arguably the most well known and most controversial versions of the film ever made.
The Blue Lagoon (1980) is the perfect date night film
Starring the then 18-year-old Christopher Atkins and 14-year-old Brooke Shields, The Blue Lagoon, follows the lives of two children, who also happen to be cousins.
Emmeline and Richard are shipwrecked on an island, with a ship worker named Paddy (played by the late, great Leo McKern). Paddy teaches the children how to build a hut, hunt and forage for food and gives them only one law: to never go to the other side of the island, for fear of a resident tribe, who sacrifices people to their gods. The trio are happy in their tropical paradise, until Paddy has a terrible accident, leaving the children to grow up alone.
As teenagers, Richard and Emmeline find themselves filled with hormones and confusion, as they are shocked to find how their bodies are changing and coupled with their new found sense of rebellion, the two of them soon give into their most primal of desires.
This film caused much controversy over the age of its star actors at the time of filming and in a court of law, the filmmakers were forced to shed some light on their movie magic. This included an all-female team whose job it was to make sure that Brooke's hair was perfectly glued down to her chest, to protect her modesty, as well as the fact that she had an adult stunt double for all the steamy scenes.
For those who don't know, this film was the third of its kind, adapted from the book of the same name, which is the first in a trilogy, by Henry De Vere Stacpoole. The original Blue Lagoon movie was released in 1923, as a silent film, directed by W. Bowden and is the only version of the film to date, that was entirely filmed in Africa.
The second version of the film was released in 1949, directed by Frank Launder and was filmed mainly on Yasawa Island in Fiji, which may have greatly influenced the location choices used in this 1980 version.
This wonderful incarnation of the film was mainly filmed on the beautiful, yet remote Fijian Island of Nanyu Levu and unbeknownst to the crew at the time, they had accidentally filmed a new species of iguana. It was discovered when famous herpetologist, John Gibbons, noticed them popping up all over the place throughout the film and didn't recognise them at all!
Gibbons was so convinced that this was a newly discovered species, that he personally travelled to the island to study them and he was right. Today these iguanas are known as the Fiji Crested Iguana, however I am very sad to inform you that they are now critically endangered.
The Blue Lagoon (1980) is the best combination of action, survival, romance, horror, suspense and drama that I have ever seen and it even includes a "death from the deep" style scene, with a close call with a "man-eating" shark. It literally has everything you could hope for in a film about two young sexy teenagers marooned on a deserted tropical island.
This film was, and still is, so popular that it has since spawned one sequel, as well as a made for television remake, in which Christopher Atkins makes a cameo in. It was also famously parodied in the films Top Secret! and Going Berserk (in which Atkins made a surprise appearance) and the television show Quantum Leap, in the episode "Leaping of the Shrew", which Brooke Shields guest-starred.
The Blue Lagoon (1980) is rated PG and is not recommended for children under 15, as it contains material which some children find confusing or upsetting.
For more adventures on the high seas check out:
Robinson Crusoe (2016)
The Mermaid (2016)
Jaws 5: Cruel Jaws
Return to Nim's Island
Spring Break: Shark Attack
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Robinson Crusoe (2016) - Film Review by Nessa123
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Jaws 5: Cruel Jaws - Film Review by Nessa123
Return to Nim's Island - Film Review by Nessa123
The Bay - Film Review by Nessa123
Spring Break: Shark Attack - Film Review by Nessa123
Return to the Blue Lagoon - Film Review by Nessa123
Dizzy Dishes - Short Film Review by Nessa123
Curse of the Pink Panties - Film Review by Nessa123
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Denzel Perryman (geboren am 5. Dezember 1992 in Coral Gables, Florida) ist ein US-amerikanischer American-Football-Spieler auf der Position des Linebackers. Er spielte College Football für die University of Miami und steht seit 2021 bei den Las Vegas Raiders in der National Football League (NFL) unter Vertrag. Von 2015 bis 2020 spielte Perryman für die San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers.

College
Perryman besuchte die Highschool in seiner Heimatstadt Coral Gables, Florida, und ging anschließend ab 2011 auf die University of Miami, um College Football für die Miami Hurricanes zu spielen. Er bestritt bereits als Freshman fünf von zwölf Partien als Starter,  In seinem zweiten College-Jahr stand Perryman in neun Spielen sechsmal von Beginn an auf dem Feld, meist als Middle Linebacker. Zwei Partien musste er wegen einer Knöchelverletzung aussetzen. In der Saison 2013 stand Perryman als Outside Linebacker durchgehend in der Stammformation. Mit 108 Tackles führte er sein Team in dieser Statistik an und wurde in das All-Star-Team der Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) gewählt. Auch in seinem vierten und letzten Jahr bei den Hurricanes schaffte er es in die All-Star-Auswahl seiner Conference, zudem war er einer der Halbfinalisten für den Butkus Award, mit dem der beste Linebacker der College-Football-Saison ausgezeichnet wird.

NFL
Perryman wurde im NFL Draft 2015 in der zweiten Runde an 48. Stelle von den San Diego Chargers ausgewählt. Als Rookie kam er in 14 Partien zum Einsatz, davon neunmal als Starter, wobei er 73 Tackles und zwei Sacks erzielte sowie einen Fumble erzwang. Infolge der Entlassung von Donald Butler vor der Saison 2016 ging Perryman als Stammspieler in seine zweite NFL-Saison. Er verpasste vier Spiele verletzungsbedingt und setzte 72 Tackles, zudem fing er eine Interception. Vor der Saison 2017 zogen die Chargers von San Diego in die Nähe von Los Angeles um. Im ersten Spiel der Preseason 2017 zog Perryman sich eine Knöchelverletzung zu und fiel daher für die ersten acht Partien aus. Auch im folgenden Jahr verpasste er rund die Hälfte der Saison, nach dem neunten Spiel wurde er mit einer Knieverletzung auf die Injured Reserve List gesetzt.

Nach dem Auslaufen seines Rookievertrags einigte Perryman sich im März 2019 mit den Chargers auf eine Vertragsverlängerung um zwei Jahre im Wert von 12 Millionen US-Dollar. Auch in den folgenden beiden Spielzeiten stand Perryman verletzungsbedingt nicht in allen 16 Partien auf dem Feld. Insgesamt bestritt er in sechs Jahren 69 Partien für die Chargers, davon 51 als Starter.

Im März 2021 unterschrieb Perryman einen Zweijahresvertrag über sechs Millionen Dollar bei den Carolina Panthers. Bei den Panthers konnte er sich in der Saisonvorbereitung gegen Jermaine Carter nicht um einen Platz in der Stammformation durchsetzen. Am 1. September 2021 gaben die Panthers Perryman zusammen mit einem Siebtrundenpick 2022 im Austausch gegen einen Sechstrundenpick 2022 an die Las Vegas Raiders ab. Bei den Raiders ging er als Starter auf der Position des Middle Linebackers in die Saison. Perryman wurde in der Saison 2021 in den Pro Bowl gewählt. Mit 154 Tackles brach er den Franchiserekord für die meisten Tackles in einer Saison von Greg Biekert (146) aus der Saison 1998. Zwei Spiele verpasste Perryman verletzungsbedingt. In der Saison 2022 fehlte er in fünf Spielen. Mit zwei Interceptions stellte Perryman einen neuen Karrierebestwert auf.

NFL-Statistiken

Persönliches
Perrymans Cousin Quinton Dunbar spielte von 2010 bis 2014 als Wide Receiver ebenfalls College Football für die Miami Hurricanes und anschließend als Cornerback in der NFL.

Einzelnachweise

American-Football-Spieler (Miami Hurricanes)
American-Football-Spieler (San Diego Chargers)
American-Football-Spieler (Los Angeles Chargers, 2017)
American-Football-Spieler (Las Vegas Raiders)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1992
Mann


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A new study, led by researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel, showed that red wine has beneficial effects in type-2 diabetes patients' cholesterol management and cardiovascular health. The study, entitled "Effects of Initiating Moderate Alcohol Intake on Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes," was recently published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.
The subject of alcohol's beneficial effects and its clinical recommendation has been controversial in the scientific community, especially for diabetic patients. With this in mind, researchers conducted a first long-term alcohol study (2 years), called CArdiovaSCulAr Diabetes and Ethanol (CASCADE), to assess the effects of wine on type-2 diabetes patients' health, and also the health effects depending on the type of wine consumed. The randomized trial included 224 controlled diabetic patients (45 to 75 years of age), who consumed alcohol along with a healthy Mediterranean diet. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (red wine, white wine and mineral water) and had the same amount of beverage along with dinner for two years. In the duration of the trial, patients underwent a series of medical exams aimed at monitoring glucose blood levels, blood pressure, heart rate, and evaluation of deposit of fat in the arteries.
The results confirmed that red wine has helpful effects in the metabolic profile of patients, increasing HDL cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol) and decreasing the ratio between total cholesterol and HDL, an important factor when determining the risk of heart disease. The control of sugar levels in the blood was found to be dependent on the type of metabolism, where only slow alcohol-metabolizers benefited from the ethanol effect on glucose control. About 20% of the patients in the study were found, through enzyme testing, to be fast alcohol-metabolizers. Sleep quality was improved on both wine groups, when compared to the water group.
The authors believe that the findings further confirm that moderate consumption of wine, especially red wine in association with a healthy diet, appears to be safe and might present some metabolic and cardiovascular benefits for stable diabetic patients.
Tagged alcohol, cardiovascular, cholesterol, metabolism, type 2 diabetes, wine.


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Invitation for the Annual MID-Term Symposium Organized by BES(I) Chennai Chapter on 22-09-17 at Chennai.
BES (I), Ahmedabad to organize a one day seminar with a Conference and exhibition on "Broadcasting – New Dimensions" to be held at AMA, Ahmedabad on 19/10/2013.
one day seminar on "A Vision to GenNext Broadcasting" on 21st Nov, 2009 at Paldi, Ahmedabad.
BES society, Chapter Ahmedabad has conducted a big event on 7th Feb 2009 on "Chandrayaan -1 Mission of India".
An International Conference on IP TV (Internet protocol Television), was organized by "Bharat Exhibitions", on 04-04-2008 at Hotel Le-Meridien.
Broadcast Engineering Society (I) Chennai Chapter organized a technical lecture on Night Vision Devices- Principles and Applications at the Office of the Chief Engineer (SZ), Chennai on 7th February 2007 .
A workshop on Live Virtual Studio was organised bu the Mumbai chapter of BES(I) at Mumbai on 24 th Jan 2007.
Kendra, Mumbai in collaboration with Satellite and Cable TV magazine.
Broadcast Engineering Society (India) organized a function to mark the beginning of TV experimental transmission in India on 15th September 2006 at the Auditorium, YMCA tourist hostel, New Delhi. A Seminar was organized on the topic. The function was attended by around 150 BES members, senior officers from Electronic Media and invited dignitaries.
Keeping in pace with the technological advancements made in the field of Broadcasting and Communication, BES (I) Chennai Chapter had organized a one day seminar on the theme "Broadcasting – Emerging Technologies in Mobile World" on 8th September, 2006 at Hotel Ambassador Pallava, Chennai. This was a grand yearly event of BES (I) Chennai Chapter that witnessed an overwhelming response from its members and delegates.
Thanjavur Chapter of BES(I) organized a one day workshop on FASCINATING TRENDS IN BROADCASTING on 26th August 2006, in association with SASTRA (Deemed University), Thanjavur.
A one day seminar on 'Emerging trends in multimedia delivery platforms' was organised by the Ahmedabad chapter of BES(I) on 12th March 2006.
A half day programme was organized at Jodhpur on 31st January, 2006. It was attended by Engineers from ICRS, AIR, Doordarshan, University and other institutions.
Broadcasting Engineering Society (India), Hyderabad Chapter organized a one-day seminar on "Digital Broadcasting" on 18th December 2005 at Hotel Viceroy. On the occasion an exhibition of broadcast equipment was also arranged to demonstrate development in broadcasting technologies. More than 200 delegates / visitors attended the seminar.
A seminar was organized by BES (I), Rajasthan Chapter at Government Engineering College, Ajmer on 19th October'2005. The topic was "Present and Future of Television in India". It was well attended by the faculty and students of Engineering College & Polytechnic.
BES(I) Thanjavur Chapter, which came into existence on 01.03.2005, in its maiden event, organized a one day seminar on the theme of "BROADCASTING REACHING THE ELECTRONIC HORIZON" on 27.09.05. Deliberated emerging trends in Broadcasting viz. DTH, S-DMB, HDTV, DTTB , Broadband & Webcasting and Community Radios.
Jaipur Chapter of BES(I) organized a workshop on EXPECTATIONS OF VIEWRS FROM TELEVISION AND ITS FULFILLMENT on 30th August 2005 at Jaipur with participants from content creators and logistic providers. There was unanimity about capability of electronic media and role played by if for entertainment, education and information to the society.
The Bangalore Chapter of the Broadcast Engineering Society of India had organized a one day Workshop on CONTENT DELIVERY OVER IP & SATCOM NETWORKS on the 28th August 2005 at Hotel Atria, Bangalore.
A Seminaar on "Direct-to-Home" (DTH) broadcasting was organized by the chennai chapter of BES(I) on 9th July 2004 at GRT Convention Center, Chennai.