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Home » In the Heart of the Vosges
XI. AN OLIVE FARM IN THE VAR
The friendly visit of a few Russian naval officers lately put the country into as great a commotion as a hostile invasion. I started southward from Lyons on the 12th October, 1893, amid scenes of wholly indescribable confusion; railway stations a mere compact phalanx of excited tourists bound for Toulon, with no immediate prospect of getting an inch farther, railway officials at their wits' end, carriage after carriage hooked on to the already enormously long train, and yet crowds upon crowds left behind. Every train was, of course, late; and on the heels of each followed supplementary ones, all packed to their utmost capacity. As we steamed into the different stations "Vive la Russie!" greeted our ears. The air seemed filled with the sound; never surely was such a delirium witnessed in France since the fever heat of 1789!
At Valence, Montelimar, Avignon, Arles, the same tumult reigned; but before reaching the second place, the regulation number of carriages, twenty-five, had been exceeded, and as hardly one per cent of the travellers alighted, we could only pass by the disconcerted multitudes awaiting places. And a mixed company was ours - the fashionable world, select and otherwise, the demi-monde in silks and in tatters, musicians, travelling companies of actors and showmen, decorated functionaries, children, poodles, all bound for the Russian fleet!
At Marseilles, a bitter disappointment awaited some, I fear, many. No sooner were we fairly within the brilliantly-lighted, crowded station, and before the train had come to a standstill, than a stentorian voice was heard from one end of the platform to the other, crying -
"LOOK TO YOUR PURSES!"
And as the gorged carriages slowly discharged their burden, the stream of passengers wending towards the door marked "Way out," a yet louder and more awe-inspiring voice came from above, the official being perched high as an orator in the pulpit, repeating the same words -
"ATTENTION A VOTRE PORTE-MONNAIE!"
The dismay of the thwarted pickpockets may be better imagined than described. Many, doubtless, had come from great distances, confident of a golden harvest. Let us hope that the authorities of Toulon were equally on the alert. Marseilles no more resembles Lyons, Bordeaux, Nantes, than those cities resemble each other. Less elegant than Lyons, less majestic than Bordeaux, gayer by far than Nantes, the capital of Southern France has a stamp of its own. Today, as three thousand years ago, Marseilles may be called the threshold of the East. In these hot, bustling, noisy streets, Paris is quiet by comparison; London a Trappist monastery! Orientals, or what our French neighbours call exotics, are so common that no one looks at them. Japanese and Chinese, Hindus, Tonquinois, Annamites, Moors, Arabs, all are here, and in native dress; and writing letters in the salon of your hotel, your vis-a-vis at the table d'hote, your fellow sightseers, east and west, to-day as of old, here come into friendly contact; and side by side with the East is the glowing life of the South. We seem no longer in France, but in a great cosmopolitan mart that belongs to the whole world.
The Marseillais, nevertheless, are French; and Marseilles, to their thinking, is the veritable metropolis. "If Paris had but her Cannebiere," they say, "she would be a little Marseilles!"
Superbly situated, magnificently endowed as to climate, the chef-lieu of the Bouches du Rhone must be called a slatternly beauty; whilst embellishing herself, putting on her jewels and splendid attire, she has forgotten to wash her face and trim her hair! Not in Horatian phrase, dainty in her neatness, Marseilles does herself injustice. Lyons is clean swept, spick and span as a toy town; Bordeaux is coquettish as her charming Bordelaise; Nantes, certainly, is not particularly careful of appearances. But Marseilles is dirty, unswept, littered from end to end; you might suppose that every householder had just moved, leaving their odds and ends in the streets, if, indeed, these beautifully-shaded walks can be so called. The city in its development has laid out alleys and boulevards instead of merely making ways, with the result that in spite of brilliant sky and burning sun, coolness and shadow are ever to be had. The Cannebiere, with its blue sky, glowing foliage and gay, nonchalant, heterogeneous crowds, reminds me of the Rambla of Barcelona. Indeed, the two cities have many points of resemblance. Marseilles is greatly changed from the Marseilles I visited twenty-five years ago, to say nothing of Arthur Young's description of 1789. The only advantage with which he accredited the city was that of possessing newspapers. Its port, he wrote, was a horsepond compared to that of Bordeaux; the number of country houses dotting the hills disappointingly small. At the present time, suburban Marseilles, like suburban London, encroaches year by year upon the country; another generation, and the sea-coast from Toulon to the Italian frontier will show one unbroken line of country houses. Of this no one can doubt who sees what is going on in the way of building.
But it is not only by beautiful villas and gardens that the city has embellished itself. What with the lavishness of the municipality, public companies, and the orthodox, noble public buildings, docks, warehouses, schools, churches, gardens, promenades, have rendered Marseilles the most sumptuous French capital after Paris. Neither Lyons, Bordeaux, Nantes, can compare with it for sumptuosity. In the Palais de Longchamps, the splendour of municipal decoration reaches its acme; the horsepond Arthur Young sneered at now affords accommodation of 340 acres, with warehouses, said to be the finest in the world; last, but not least, comes the enormous Byzantine Cathedral not yet finished, built at the cost of a quarter of a million sterling. Other new churches and public buildings without number have sprung up of late years, the crowning glory of Marseilles being its Palais de Longchamps.
This magnificent group of buildings may be called a much enlarged and much more grandiose Trocadero. Worthily do these colossal Tritons and sea-horses commemorate the great achievement of modern Marseilles; namely, the conveying of a river to its very doors. Hither, over a distance of fifty-four miles, are brought the abundant waters of the Durance; as we stand near, their cascades falling with the thunder of our own Lodore. But having got the river and given the citizens more than enough water with which to turn their mills, supply their domestic wants, fertilize suburban fields and gardens, the Town Council seem satisfied. The streets are certainly, one and all, watered with rushing streams, greatly to the public health and comfort. A complete system of drainage is needed to render the work complete. When we learn that even Nice is not yet drained from end to end, we need not be astonished at tardy progress elsewhere. Sanitation is ever the last thing thought of by French authorities. Late in the afternoon we saw two or three men slowly sweeping one street. No regular cleaning seems to take place. Get well out of the city, by the sea-shore, or into the Prado - an avenue of splendid villas - and all is swept and garnished. The central thoroughfares, so glowing with life and colour, and so animated by day and night, are malodorous, littered, dirty. It is a delightful drive by the sea, over against the Chateau d'If, forts frowning above the rock, the deep blue waves, yellowish-brown shore, and green foliage, all in striking contrast.
We with difficulty realize that Marseilles is not the second city in France. The reason is obvious. Lyons lies less compactly together, its thickly-peopled Guillotiere seems a town apart; the population of Lyons, moreover, is a sedentary one, whilst the Marseillais, being seafarers, are perpetually abroad. The character, too, is quite different, less expansive, less excitable, less emotional in the great silk-weaving capital, here gay, noisy, nonchalant. Nobody seems to find the cares of the day a burden, all to have some of the sunshine of the place in their composition. "Mon bon," a Marsellais calls his neighbour; there is no stillness anywhere. Everybody is "Mon bon" to everybody.
The out-of-door, rollicking, careless life, more especially strikes a northerner. We seem here as remote from ordinary surroundings as if suddenly transported to Benares. The commercial prosperity of the first French sea-port is attested by its lavish public works, and number of country houses, a disappointing handful in Arthur Young's time. Hardly a householder, however modest his means, who does not possess a cottage or chalet; the richer having palatial villas and gardens. Nothing can convey a greater notion of ease and wealth than the prospect of suburban Marseilles, its green hills, rising above the sea, thickly dotted with summer houses in every part.
All who wish to realize the advance of French cities since 1870-71 should visit Marseilles. Only those who knew it long ago can measure the change, and greater changes still are necessary ere its sanitary conditions match climate and situation.
From Marseilles to Nice, from the land of the olive to that of the palm, is a long and wearisome journey. That tyrannical monopoly, the Paris-Lyon-Mediterranee Railway Company, gives only slow trains, except to travellers provided with through tickets; and these so inconveniently arranged, that travellers unprovided with refreshments, have no opportunity of procuring any on the way. Whenever we travel by railway in France we are reminded of the crying need for competition. The all-omnipotent P.-L.-M. does as it pleases, and it is quite useless for travellers to complain. Every inch of the way points to the future of the Riviera - a future not far off. A few years hence and the sea-coast from Marseilles to Mentone will be one unbroken line of hotels and villas. The process is proceeding at a rapid rate. When Arthur Young made this journey a century ago, he described the country around Toulon thus: "Nine-tenths are waste mountain, and a wretched country of pines, box, and miserable aromatics." At the present time, the brilliant red soil, emerald crops, and gold and purple leafage of stripped vine, make up a picture of wondrous fertility. At every point we see vineyards of recent creation; whilst not an inch of soil between the olive trees is wasted. On the 28th of October the landscape was bright with autumn crops, some to be repique, or planted out according to the Chinese system before mentioned.
The first thing that strikes the stranger at Nice is its Italian population. These black-eyed, dark-complexioned, raven-haired, easy-going folks form as distinct a type as the fresh-complexioned, blue-eyed Alsatian. That the Nicois are French at heart is self-evident, and no wonder, when we compare their present condition with that of the past. We see no beggars or ragged, wretched-looking people. If the municipal authorities have set themselves the task of putting down mendicity, they have succeeded. French enterprise, French capital is enriching the population from one end of the Alpes Maritimes to the other. At the present time there must be tens of thousands of workmen employed in the building of hotels and villas between Marseilles and Ventimille. That the Riviera will finally be overbuilt no one can doubt; much of the original beauty of the country is already destroyed by this piling up of bricks and mortar, more beauty is doomed. But meantime work is brisk, wages are high, and the Post Office savings bank and private banks tell their own tale.
Of course the valetudinarians contribute to the general prosperity, a prosperity which it is difficult for residents in an English watering-place to realize. Thus I take up a Hastings newspaper to find a long list of lodging-house keepers summoned for non-payment of taxes. Arrived at Nice, a laundress employed by my hostess immediately came to see if I had any clothes for her. On bringing back the linen she deposited it in my room, saying I could pay her when fetching the next bundle. I let her go, but called her back, thinking that perhaps the poor woman had earned nothing for months and was in distress. My hostess afterwards informed me with a smile that this good woman had L2,500 in the bank. I could multiply instances in point.
If the condition of the working classes has immensely improved, the cost of living has not stood still. A householder informed me that prices of provisions, servants' wages, house rent and other items of domestic economy have tripled within the last twenty years. There is every prospect that this increase will continue. Last winter hotels and boarding-houses at Nice were all full; fast as new ones are built, they fill to overflowing. And, of course, the majority of visitors are rich. No others should come; they are not wanted.
In studying the rural population we must bear in mind one fact - namely, the line of demarcation separating the well-to-do peasants of the plain from the poor and frugal mountaineer. Follow the mule track from Mentone to Castillon, and we find a condition of things for squalor and poverty unmatched throughout France. Visit an olive-grower in the valley of the Var, and we are once more amid normal conditions of peasant property. My first visit was to the land of Goshen.
Provided with a letter of introduction to a farmer, I set off for the village of St. Martin du Var, a village of five hundred and odd souls, only within the last year or two accessible by railway. The new line, which was to have connected Nice with Digne and Cap, had been stopped short half-way, the enterprising little company who projected it being thereby brought to the verge of ruin. This fiasco, due, I am told, to the jealous interference of the P.-L.-M., is a great misfortune to travellers, the line partially opened up leading through a most wildly picturesque and lovely region, and being also of great commercial and strategic importance. But that terrible monopoly, the Paris-Lyon- Mediterranee, will tolerate no rivals. Folks bound from Gap to Nice must still make the long round by way of Marseilles in order to please the Company; merchandise - and, in case of a war with Italy, which may Heaven avert! - soldiers and ammunition must do the same.
The pretty new "Gare du Sud" invites patronage, and three services are performed daily. On this little line exists no third class. I imagine, then, that either the very poor are too poor to take train at all, or that there are none unable to pay second-class fare. In company of priests, peasants, and soldiers, I took a second-class place, the guard joining us and comfortably reading a newspaper as soon as we were fairly off.
It is a superb little journey to St. Martin du Var. The line may be described as a succession of tunnels, our way lying between lofty limestone cliffs and the Var, at the present time almost dry. As we slowly advance, the valley widens, and on either side are broad belts of verdure and fertility; fields, orchards, gardens, olive trees feathering the lower slopes, here and there, little villages perched high above the valley. One charming feature of the landscape is the aspen; so silvery were its upper leaves in the sun that at first I took them for snow-white blossoms. These verdant stretches on either side of the river were formerly mere waste, redeemed and rendered cultivable by means of dykes.
My destination is reached in an hour, a charmingly placed village amid beautiful mountain scenery, over against it towering the hamlet of La Roquette, apparently inaccessible as cloudland. Here a tributary stream joins the Var, the long winding valley, surrounded by lofty crags and olive-clad slopes, affording a delightful and most exhilarating prospect. The weather on this 20th of October was that of a perfect day in July.
St. Martin du Var has its Mairie, handsome communal schools, and large public walks or recreation ground, a parallelogram planted with trees. The place has a neglected, Italian aspect; at the same time an aspect of ease and contentment. The black-eyed, olive-complexioned, Italian-looking children are uniformly well dressed, with good shoes and stockings. French children, even of the poorest class, are always decently shod.
I found my host at dinner with his wife, little daughter, and sister-in-law. The first impression of an uninitiated traveller would be of poverty. The large bare kitchen was unswept and untidy; the family dishes - soup, vegetables, olives, good white bread, wine - were placed on the table without cloth or table-cover. As will be seen, these hard-working, frugal people were rich; in England they would have servants to wait upon them, fine furniture, and wear fashionable clothes. My letter of introduction slowly read and digested, the head of the family placed himself at my disposal. We set off on a round of inspection, the burning mid-day sun here tempered by a delicious breeze.
We first visited the olive-presses and corn-mill - this farmer was village miller as well as olive grower - all worked by water-power and erected by himself at a heavy outlay. Formerly these presses and mills were worked by horses and mules after the manner of old-fashioned threshing-machines, but in Provence as in Brittany, progress is now the order of the day.
In order to supply these mills, a little canal was dug at my host's own expense, and made to communicate with the waters of the Var; thus a good supply is always at hand.
The enormous olive-presses and vats are now being got in for the first or October harvest. This is the harvest of windfalls or fallen fruit, green or black as the case may be, and used for making an inferior kind of oil. The second harvest or gathering of the olives remaining on the trees takes place in April. Linen is spread below, and the berries gently shaken off. I may add that the periods of olive harvests vary in different regions, often being earlier or later. An olive tree produces on an average a net return of twelve francs, the best returns being alternate or biennial; the roots are manured from time to time, otherwise the culture is inexpensive. The trees are of great age and, indeed, are seldom known to die. The "immortal olive" is, indeed, no fiction. In this especial district no olive trees have, within living memory, been killed by frost, as was the case in Spain some years ago. Nevertheless, the peaks around St. Martin du Var are tipped with snow in winter. The olive harvests and necessary preparations require a large number of hands, the wages of men averaging three francs, of women, the half. Thus at the time I write of, day labourers in remote regions of Provence receive just upon fourteen shillings and sixpence per week; whereas I read in the English papers that Essex farmers are reducing the pittance of twelve and even ten shillings per week for able-bodied men.
Ten days later, my cicerone said that the first harvest would be in active progress, and he most cordially invited me to revisit him for the purpose of looking on. From the lees of the crushed berries a third and much inferior oil is made and used in the manufacture of soap, just as what is called piquette or sour wine is made in Brittany from the lees of crushed grapes. I was assured by this farmer that the impurity of olive oil we so often complain of in England, arises from adulteration at the hands of retailers. Table oil as it issues from the presses of the grower is absolutely pure; merchants add inferior qualities or poppy oil, described by me in an earlier page, and which my present host looked upon with supreme contempt. The olive, with the vine and tobacco, attains the maximum of agricultural profits. This farmer alone sells oil to the annual value of several thousand pounds, and to the smaller owner also it is the principal source of income. Peasant owners or tenants of an acre or two grow a little corn as well, this chiefly for their own use.
The interior of the corn-mill presented an amusing scene. Two or three peasants were squabbling with my host's subordinate over their sacks of flour; one might have supposed from the commotion going on and the general air of vindictive remonstrance that we were suddenly transported to a seigneurial mill. A few conciliatory words from the master put all straight, and soon after we saw the good folks, one of them an old woman, trotting off on donkeys with their sack of corn slung before them. I need hardly say that the talk of these country-people among themselves is always in patois, not a word of which is intelligible to the uninitiated.
Just above the mills are groves of magnificent old olive trees, and alongside the little railway were bright strips of lucerne and pasture, folks here and there getting in their tiny crops of hay.
The iron road is not yet regarded as an unmixed good. My host told me that local carters and carriers had been obliged in consequence to sell their horses and carts and betake themselves to day labour. Such drawbacks are, of course, inevitable, but the ulterior advantage effected by the railway is unquestionable. I should say that nowhere are life and property safer than in these mountain-hemmed valleys. The landlady of the little hotel at St. Martin du Var assured me that she always left her front door open all night. Nothing had ever happened to alarm her but the invasion of three English ladies at midnight, one of these of gigantic stature and armed with a huge stick. The trio were making a pedestrian journey across country, apparently taking this security for granted. Neither brigands nor burglars could have given the poor woman a greater fright than the untimely appearance of my countrywomen.
It was now too hot to visit the open tracts of pasture and cultivation alongside the Var. The farmer's wife proposed a shady walk to a neighbouring farm instead, our errand being to procure milk for my five o'clock tea. Without hat or umbrella, my companion set off, chatting as we went. She explained to me that on Sundays she wore bonnet and mantle after the fashion of a bourgeoise; in other words, she dressed like a lady, but that neither in summer nor winter at any other time did she cover her head. She was a pleasant-mannered, intelligent, affable woman, almost toothless, as are so many well-to-do middle-aged folks in France. Dentists must fare badly throughout the country. No one ever seems to have a guinea to spend upon false teeth.
We were soon out of the village, and passing the pretty garden of the Gendarmerie, reached a scene of unimaginable, unforgettable beauty. Never shall I forget the splendour of the olive trees set around a wide, brilliantly green meadow; near the farmhouse groves of pomegranate, orange and lemon with ripening fruit; beside these, medlar and hawthorn trees (cratoegus azarolus), the golden leafage and coral-red fruit of the latter having a striking effect; beyond, silvery peaks, and, above all, a heaven of warm, yet not too dazzling blue. At the farther end of the meadow, in which a solitary cow grazed at will, a labourer was preparing a ribbon-like strip of land for corn, beside him, pretending to work too, his little son of five years. My hostess held up her jug and stated her errand, proposing that the cow should be milked a trifle earlier in order to suit my convenience. The man good-naturedly replied that, as far as the matter concerned himself, he was agreeable enough, but that the cow was not so easily to be put out of her way. She was milked regularly as clockwork at a quarter to five, the clock had only just struck four; he might leave his work and take her home, but not a drop of milk would she give before the proper time! Leaving our jug, we roamed about this little paradise, unwilling to quit a scene of unblemished beauty. A more bewitching spot I do not recall; and it seemed entirely shut off from the world, on all sides, unbroken quiet, nothing to mar the exquisiteness of emerald turf, glossy foliage of orange and lemon trees, silvery olive in striking contrast, and above, a cloudless sky. In the heart of a primeval forest we could not feel more alone.
The thought occurred to me how perfect were such a holiday resort could a clean little lodging be found near! With some attention to cleanliness and sanitation, the little hotel at St. Martin du Var might satisfy the unfastidious. I am bound to admit that in French phrase it leaves much to desire.
My host gave me a good deal of interesting information about the place and the people. Excellent communal schools with lay teachers of both sexes have been opened under French regime; and the village of five hundred and odd souls has, of course, its Mairie, Hotel de Ville, and Gendarmerie, governing itself after the manner of French villages.
Whilst the ladies of the house chatted with me they knitted away at socks and stockings, in coarse, bright-coloured wool. Such articles are never bought, the home-made substitute being much more economical in the end. As an instance of the solid comfort of these apparently frugal folks, let me mention their homespun linen sheets. My hostess showed me some coarse bed-linen lately woven for her in the village. Calico sheets, she said, were much cheaper, but she preferred this durable home-spun even at three times the price. An old woman in the village still plied the loom, working up neighbours' materials at three francs a day. The flax has to be purchased also, so that the homespun sheet is a luxury; "and at the same time," the housewife added, "a work of charity. This poor old woman lives by her loom. It is a satisfaction to help her to a mouthful of bread."
The moon had risen when I took leave, hostess, little daughter, and sister all accompanying me to the station, reiterating their wish to see me again. Nothing, indeed, would have been pleasanter than to idle away weeks amid this adorable scenery and these charming people. But life is short and France is immense. The genially uttered au revoir becomes too often a mere figure of speech.
I add, by the way, that the little daughter, now trotting daily to the village school, is sure to have a handsome dowry by and by. Four thousand pounds is no unusual portion of a rich peasant's daughter in these regions. As an old resident at Nice informed me, "The peasants are richer than the bourgeoisie" - as they deserve to be, seeing their self-denial and thrift.
‹ X. MY PYRENEAN VALLEY AT LAST up XII. PESSICARZ AND THE SUICIDES' CEMETERY ›


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text:
Q: Compare a variable that can have numeric or string as value I have a variable named Seconds_Behind_Master from one of my scripts. The problem is that this variable can either have a numeric value or can also take a string NULL as its value. Now, when I try to execute this script in shell it gets executed but gives a warning like this:
[: Illegal number: NULL

I believe it is due to the fact that in this case the value is NULL but when it compares it with numeral value 60 it gives this warning. How can I rectify it?

A: In this case you should use an arithmetic evaluation - (( expression )):
if (( $Seconds_Behind_Master >= 60 )); then
    echo "replication delayed > 60."
elif [ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" = "NULL" ]; then
    echo "Delay is Null."
fi

If you want to respect the standard POSIX, then you can use:
if echo $Seconds_Behind_Master | egrep -q '^[0-9]+$' && [ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" -ge "60" ] ; then
    echo "replication delayed >= 60."
elif [ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" = "NULL" ]; then
    echo "Delay is Null."
fi

More about: Shell - Test a numeric variable.

A: Check if the var is NULL first, then check if it is >= 60. Consider this code:
if [ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" = "NULL" ]; then
    echo "Delay is Null."
elif [ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" -ge 60 ] 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "replication delayed >= 60."
else
    echo "Seconds_Behind_Master is neither NULL or >= 60"
fi

You can also replace the line
elif [ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" -ge 60 ] 2>/dev/null; then

with
elif [[ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" -ge 60 ]]; then

if you prefer that and are using a shell which supports the [[ syntax.

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Master of Professional Accounting - (1207045) - 2021
Accountants are vital to the operation and success of businesses and organisations at all levels and, not surprisingly, there is high demand for skilled accountants worldwide.	This CPA Australia...
Location: Gold Coast, Melbourne, Online, Perth, Sydney
Master of Osteopathic Medicine - (1207235) - 2022
There is a growing demand for osteopaths as more people seek the kind of holistic and preventative approaches that are integral to this system of diagnosis and manual therapy, used to treat...
Location: Gold Coast, Lismore
Master of Information Technology - (1209150) - 2022
Whether it's biometric recognition, digital health monitoring or connectivity to the Internet of Things, technology is shaping how we live at an unprecedented and increasing speed.	If you want...
Location: Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney
Master of Engineering Management, Master of Business Administration - (1229100) - 2022
Leading a large infrastructure project takes a huge amount of skill and expertise in both business and engineering disciplines – from understanding the financials, to managing staff and...
Master of Clinical Exercise Physiology - (1207247) - 2022
We all understand the benefits of better health and wellbeing. This course enhances your qualifications and increases your understanding of how our bodies work, taking your career prospects to a...
Master of Business Administration - (1207290) - 2022 View online course
The internationally-recognised MBA develops business knowledge and practical skills to advance your career in today's competitive global markets. You'll gain a broad understanding of...
The internationally recognised MBA develops business knowledge and practical skills to advance your career in today's competitive global markets. You'll gain a broad understanding of...
Graduate Diploma of Education (Early Childhood) - (1107425) - 2022
Early childhood education is an immensely satisfying career and a precious opportunity to give children the very best start in life.	In just one year, our Graduate Diploma in Education (Early...
Graduate Diploma of Accounting - (1107135) - 2022
Accountants are vital to the operation and success of businesses everywhere, with their input influencing financial strategies, daily operations, legal requirements and more.	This course is...
Graduate Diploma in Education (Early Childhood) - (1107425) - 2021
Graduate Diploma in Business - (1107295) - 2022 View online course
The business world is constantly evolving, with issues such as changing technology and increasing competition as factors in this process.	As a business owner or professional, you need to...
Graduate Diploma in Business - (1107295) - 2021
The business world is constantly evolving, with issues such as changing technology, greater global mobility and increasing competition all factors in this process.	As a business owner or...
Graduate Diploma in Accounting - (1107135) - 2021
Graduate Certificate in Education (Professional Learning) - (1008002) - 2022
The Graduate Certificate in Education (Professional Learning) is designed for registered teachers looking to enhance their professional practice or for teachers looking to move into more senior or...
Graduate Certificate in Business - (1007294) - 2022 View online course
There's nothing better for business than a satisfied customer. In this course, we'll enhance your business qualifications, prepare you for your own business career, and provide the skills to keep...
Graduate Certificate in Australian Nursing (EPIQ) - (1007304) - 2022
The Graduate Certificate of Australian Nursing (EPIQ –Education Program for Internationally Qualified Nurses) is designed for internationally qualified registered nurses who wish to practise as...
Graduate Certificate in Accounting - (1007134) - 2022
Accountants count – literally – on their proficiency as highly organised, precise and committed professionals.	If these qualities add up for you, then this six-month course is perfect...
Doctor of Education - (1447190) - 2021
The Doctor of Education is a research-based program comprising coursework and a substantial thesis. It is designed for experienced, professional educators and education leaders who operate in a...
Diploma of Health - (2125150) - 2022
Nursing, naturopathy, sport and exercise science, occupational therapy, speech pathology, psychology, biomedical science, osteopathic studies …there are so many career paths in health.	If you're...
Location: Coffs Harbour, Gold Coast, Online
Nursing, sport and exercise science, occupational therapy, speech pathology, psychology, biomedical science, osteopathic studies, podiatry and pedorthics …there are so many career paths in...
Location: Coffs Harbour, Gold Coast, Lismore, Online
Diploma of Business - (2127279) - 2022
Looking for a pathway to a Bachelor degree in business, information technology or tourism?	The one-year Diploma of Business gives you the opportunity to develop academic and business skills in...
Diploma of Arts and Social Sciences - (2125300) - 2022
Looking for a career in the humanities and a pathway to a Bachelor Degree in arts, media, social sciences, welfare, social work or education? The one-year full-time (or part-time equivalent)...
Location: Gold Coast, Lismore, Online
Career Start (Study Abroad) - (9509910) - 2022
Career Start is just as it sounds – the beginning of your future. We'll help you refine your English language and academic skills, setting you on the path to study in Australia and to achieving...
Bachelor of Sport and Exercise Science, Bachelor of Laws - (3206105) - 2021
There's so much more to sport than the action on the playing field. Player contracts, broadcast rights, sponsorships, behaviour, health and safety, and the rights and responsibilities of sporting...
Bachelor of Sport and Exercise Science - (3005113) - 2022
Do you dream of coaching athletes or inspiring people to achieve better health and wellbeing? Are you fascinated by human anatomy, human physiology and how they apply to sport and exercise? Are...
Do you dream of coaching athletes or inspiring people to achieve better health and wellbeing? Are you fascinated by human anatomy? Are you keen to probe the minds of elite athletes and uncover...
Bachelor of Speech Pathology - (3007306) - 2022
Speech pathologists assess and treat adults and children exhibiting acquired or congenital disorders of speech, fluency, voice, language, swallowing and multimodal communication.	The Bachelor of...
Location: Coffs Harbour, Gold Coast
Speech pathologists assess and treat adults and children exhibiting acquired or congenital disorders of speech, fluency, voice, language, swallowing and multimodal communication. The Bachelor of...
Bachelor of Social Work - (3007316) - 2022
The Bachelor of Social Work is an entry-level, professionally-accredited qualification to practise as a social worker. The course provides a foundation in sociology, politics, human development...
Bachelor of Social Science, Bachelor of Laws - (3207006) - 2021
Are you passionate about improving people's lives and the societies we inhabit? This double degree boosts your grasp of processes and ideas that can make all the difference.	Graduates of this...
Bachelor of Social Science with Honours - (3507033) - 2021
The Bachelor of Social Sciences with Honours is a separate fourth year of study that is undertaken following the successful completion of an undergraduate Social Science or Social Welfare degree....
Bachelor of Social Science - (3001150) - 2021
With an emphasis on social justice and positive change, the Bachelor of Social Science develops your ability to interpret, analyse and offer creative solutions to problems in contemporary society,...
Bachelor of Psychological Science, Bachelor of Laws - (3207007) - 2022
Examining the criminal mind is a fascinating and revealing journey. In this double degree, you'll experience the mindsets of criminals, the perspectives of victims and the motivations of people...
Bachelor of Psychological Science with Honours - (3507245) - 2022
The one-year Bachelor of Psychological Science with Honours adds to the skills and knowledge acquired during the Bachelor degree, and moves students closer to a career as a registered...
The one-year Bachelor of Psychological Science with Honours adds to the skills and knowledge acquired during your Bachelor degree, and moves you closer to a career as a registered...
Bachelor of Psychological Science - (3007244) - 2022
How do we think and learn? How do we control our movements and behaviour? What makes us tick? Exploration of the human mind and behaviour is a fascinating field and this degree is an equally...
How do we think and learn? How do we control our movements and behaviour? What makes us tick? Exploration of the human mind is a fascinating field and this degree is an equally fascinating...
Bachelor of Occupational Therapy - (3007224) - 2022
Do you want a health career that could transform the lives of others by helping them achieve tangible results?	Occupational therapists' work is diverse. They adapt environments, activities or...

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Ivan Arroyo, a junior at Plymouth High School, has enjoyed learning to drywall and paint in his first year in the Building Trades course. He plans to sign up for next year also. Ivan also plays in the Mexican-American Soccer League in Plymouth.


Peter is a Director of Warrington Trustee Companies and a Member of the Warrington Property Investment Committee. Peter was a Chartered Accountant working in accounting practices for over 30 years. He has been involved with the establishment and financial management of property syndicates and trusts for nearly 20 years, and has acted as both a Trustee Director and Co-Syndicate Manager.
Peter was formerly a Partner of the Perth office of national accounting firm, Grant Thornton Australia Ltd, and in that role was responsible for the accounting and tax matters associated with the property syndicates and trusts.
Peter holds a Bachelor of Business from the Western Australian Institute of Technology (now Curtin University) and was formerly a Fellow of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand.


text:
Federal Court Rules Brevard County Commission Cannot Discriminate Against Non-Theists
By Space Coast Daily // October 3, 2017
Williamson v. Brevard County was filed in 2015
In a decision released late Saturday, the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida struck down the Brevard County, Fla., Board of County Commissioners' exclusion of nontheists from giving pre-meeting invocations.
In a decision released late Saturday, the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida struck down the Brevard County, Fla., Board of County Commissioners' exclusion of nontheists from giving pre-meeting invocations. In its ruling, the court says a local governing body cannot limit invocation officiants exclusively to those from monotheistic traditions.
"The great promise of the Establishment Clause is that religion will not operate as an instrument of division in our nation," the court states in its concluding section, quoting another recent decision.
"Regrettably, religion has become such an instrument in Brevard County. The county defines rights and opportunities of its citizens to participate in the ceremonial pre-meeting invocation during the county board's regular meetings based on the citizens' religious beliefs. As explained above, the county's policy and practice violate the First and 14th Amendments to the United States Constitution and Article I, Sections 2 and 3 of the Florida Constitution."
The plaintiffs in the case include the Central Florida Freethought Community (a chapter of Freedom From Religion Foundation) and its chair David Williamson (pictured); the Space Coast Freethought Association and its president Chase Hansel; the Humanist Community of the Space Coast and its president Keith Becher; and Brevard County resident Ronald Gordon. The civil rights groups that initiated the legal proceedings are hailing the judgment.
"We're delighted such blatant discrimination against nonreligious citizens has been struck down," says FFRF Co-President Annie Laurie Gaylor. "Governmental bodies that open their meetings with invocations must not turn believers into insiders, and nonbelievers into outsiders, by excluding dissenting points of view."
The other organizations involved in the litigation agree.
"It is unconstitutional for any governing body to discriminate against people who don't believe in God," says Alex J. Luchenitser, associate legal director of Americans United for Separation of Church and State and lead counsel in the case. "Yet that is exactly what Brevard County did through its prayer policy. We're pleased that the court put an end to the county's discriminatory practice."
The Williamson v. Brevard County lawsuit was filed in 2015 by Americans United for Separation of Church and State, the Freedom From Religion Foundation, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the American Civil Liberties Union of Florida on behalf of multiple plaintiffs. It asserted that Brevard County's rejection of atheists, humanists and other nontheists who sought to deliver solemnizing messages at the beginning of board meetings violated the U.S. and Florida Constitutions.
WATCH REPLAY: Brevard County Commission Votes 3-2 To Approve $1.17 Billion Budget For Upcoming Fiscal Year
The civil liberties groups noted that in its 2014 decision, Town of Greece v. Galloway, the U.S. Supreme Court made clear that local governments cannot discriminate based on religion when selecting who will deliver invocations to open government meetings. Yet the Brevard board argued that it had no obligation to include nontheists. The court disagreed.
The only major part of the challenge that plaintiffs did not prevail on was their claim that the commissioners' directives to the audience to rise for prayers were unconstitutionally coercive. The court reasoned that Becher and Williamson were not actually coerced to rise because they stayed seated or were already standing.
The lawsuit is being litigated by Rebecca S. Markert and Andrew L. Seidel of the Freedom From Religion Foundation; Luchenitser and Steven Gey Fellow Bradley Girard of Americans United; Nancy Abudu and Daniel Tilley of the ACLU of Florida; and Daniel Mach of the ACLU Program on Freedom of Religion and Belief.
CLICK HERE TO SEE RULING


text:
Eric Tusz-King – 2014 Companion of the Centre
Eric Tusz-King was recognized as a Companion of the Centre on March 30, 2014. The following citation was read by Maylanne Maybee at the Annual Service of Celebration…
Eric Tusz-King is being honoured today as a Companion of the Centre for Christian Studies because he lives, exemplifies, and supports diaconal ministry. I like the folk etymology that suggests that diakonia means "through the dust" – the one who stirs things up, kicks up the dust, and makes new paths in the desert in service to God and others.
Eric's life and ministry personify these ancient qualities of diakonia, combining the practical and the symbolic, the personal and the systemic, just as Jesus did when he washed the disciples' feet. Jesus wasn't just trying to get the dust off; he was showing his followers how to lead –not imperiously like the Empire, but alongside others, taking care of their needs and vulnerabilities, reversing the positions of privilege and power.
Eric studied at the Centre for Christian Studies, graduating in 1978, and was commissioned by the Maritime Conference. He also earned an M.A. in Adult Education at St. Francis Xavier University, and an M.T.S. from St. Stephen's College, Edmonton. His thesis developed a process for educating Presbyteries about diaconal ministry.
Eric began his ministry in 1978 at St. John's United Church in Moncton, N.B. where he was Minister for Christian Education and Visitation. After two years in congregational ministry, he moved on to work at the General Council Office as an animator for global partnerships in the Division of World Outreach. Working in an office with administrative responsibilities is an honourable diaconal profession! He served faithfully in his role there during the 1980s, using it as a platform to make other things happen. He was a member of the ecumenical Task Force on Churches and Corporate Responsibility (TCCR); and a member of the United Church Task Force on Commissioned Ministry. He was a co-founder of the Diakonia of the United Church of Canada (DUCC), and continues to be an active member of that organization at the national and international levels. He served for many years on the Committee on Diaconal Ministry as an articulate advocate for diaconal ministry in the United Church of Canada.
One of Eric's supporters identified him as a person of action who believes that change is possible and helps to make it happen. What a great description of a diaconal minister! More than one person spoke of Eric's skills in critical analysis and as an advocate of social and environmental justice. These skills led him to challenge unjust structures of institutions and society, to speak truth to power, and to cooperate with the work of the Spirit in the life of the communities of which he has been part.
In the early 90s he undertook to work with the Economic Animation Project in Sidney, Nova Scotia, and was later appointed Minister for Outreach, Stewardship and Mission Support for the Maritime Conference, a position he filled from 1993 to 2006. During this tenure, he undertook many social justice initiatives: as a co-founder of the Aboriginal Rights Coalition-Atlantic (ARC-A) and co-founder of the Task Group on Aboriginal Relationships and Concerns for Maritime Conference, advocating with the Aboriginal population for the exercise of their fishing rights. I love that Eric was a co-founder, working in twos or more with others to make change happen.
These initiatives demonstrated Eric's keen sense of hospitality to those on the edges of systems and society, and a growing awareness of the importance of God's creation. They led him over time into his role as a faithful "household manager" or economist, concerned with the well being of the oiko-nomos, God's great household that links together people with people, and people with the earth in a web of life. Serving on TCCR (Taskforce on the Churches and Corporate Responsibility) in the 1980s, and working with the Economic Animation Project in the early 90s, and with ARC-A (Aboriginal Rights Coalition-Atlantic) in the mid 90s, helped to hone his skills as an animator, educator, and a starter upper. In 2004 he became a founding director of EOS Eco-Energy Inc., a non-profit organization devoted to public education and research into energy conservation, renewable energy technologies, and sustainable community planning. He founded yet two more companies, Energreen Builders Cooperative, renovating homes to become energy efficient, and Open Sky Cooperative, providing assistance and community for young adults facing social, developmental, or mental health challenges.
While serving "through the dust" as a person of action, Eric also engaged others in action and reflection – as a mentor, friend, and supporter of diaconal ministers, of CCS and our students. He served in the early 2000s on the Central Council and continues to be a loyal supporter of our school. He has encouraged those seeking to become diaconal ministers. In the words of one of his supporters, "Eric has offered interesting ministry in unusual ways… part of an esteemed group who exemplify excellence in ministry leadership and diaconal style. His ministry is expressed in ways that epitomize the ideals of diaconal ministry" and, I would add, the values of CCS.
Eric Tusz-King, thank you. You have kicked up the dust in service to God and others. You have served faithfully as an administrator and administrator. You have been an agent of change, a speaker of truth to power, an advocate for justice and a starter upper, a steward of God's household. You have also been a friend to diaconal ministers and a loyal supporter of the Centre for Christian Studies to which we now welcome you as a Companion.
3 Apr 9, 2014
Maylanne Maybee says:
Oops! I just noticed a typo in the second paragraph. Jesus washed the disciples' feet as a sign of the reversal of privilege and power, not privilege and poverty! I'll correct it for our records… Maylanne.
CCS says:
EDIT – I've made that change in the text above.
Betsy Anderson says:
Great Choice!! Congrats. Betsy
Previous: Previous post: Lynda Gow – 2014 Companion of the Centre
Next: Next post: Spiritual Practice for Passion Sunday and Easter


text:
Q: DiscordAPIError: Cannot send an empty message First time asking a question. Have gone through similar questions but does not seem to match my inquiry.
Trying to create a calendar with discord bot and getting the favorable "Cannot send an empty message." The bot is able to read the commands and using fs.readFileSync on the specific file returns favorable results.
However, I am trying to use fs.readdir to get the list of files first and then iterate through them with a for loop. The console.log shows favorable results but the bot shows DiscordAPIError: Cannot send an empty message.
readFS.js file

var fs = require("fs");

function readPath(){

    fs.readdir('./calendar/', function(err, list){
        if(err) throw err;

        for(let i=0; i<list.length; i++){
            return readFile('./calendar/'+list[i]);
            //return list[i];
        }
    })
}

function readFile(file, err){
    if(err) return err;

    console.log(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file)))
    return JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file)));

}

process.on('unhandledRejection', (reason, promise) => {
    console.log('Unhandled Rejection at:', reason.stack || reason)
})

module.exports = {
    readFile,
    readPath
}

I would like to stay away from promises if possible as they have been kind of hard for me to completely understand. The discord bot is able to discern my arguments with no issue.
bot.js file
else if(arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] == "view" && arguments[1] == 'list'){
        receivedMessage.channel.send("Retreiving Calendar!")
        receivedMessage.channel.send(read.readPath())
        //console.log(read.readPath())

    }

Actual Error in console:
Command received: calendar
Arguments: view,list
{ Title: 'Test Event',
  Description: 'Event for testing the output of JSON',
  StartDate: 'Today',
  StartTime: '3 hours from now',
  LockedTo: 'Guild Only' }
Unhandled Rejection at: DiscordAPIError: Cannot send an empty message
    at item.request.gen.end (C:\Users\afrederick\Documents\GitHub\xtreamexe\node_modules\discord.js\src\client\rest\RequestHandlers\Sequential.js:85:15)
    at then (C:\Users\afrederick\Documents\GitHub\xtreamexe\node_modules\snekfetch\src\index.js:215:21)
    at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:68:7)

Hopefully I put enough information.

A: read.readPath() basically returns void or undefined.
Why? Because you are returning the readFile() in the callback function itself. It's not going outside the fs.readdir function. So the callback function inside the readdir returns the value not fs.readdir. Hopefully it makes sense.
First of all, use promises, callbacks are messy and outdated.
But if you want a simple callback solution you have to add another callback to readPath and call it from there :-)
function readPath(cb){

    fs.readdir('./calendar/', function(err, list){
        if(err) throw err;

        for(let i=0; i<list.length; i++){
            return cb(null, readFile('./calendar/'+list[i]));
            //return list[i];
        }
    })
}

bot.js file
else if(arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] == "view" && arguments[1] == 'list'){
        read.readPath(function(err, data){
            receivedMessage.channel.send("Retreiving Calendar!")
            receivedMessage.channel.send(data)
        })
    }

But again, use Promises with conjunction with async/await, will be easier to understand as well.


Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » Hard targets?
One needs little more than just fingers and toes to count the number of House members who represent districts won by the other party's presidential candidate in 2012. As mentioned here previously, just 25 House members — nine Democrats and 16 Republicans — hold such "crossover" districts. Compare that to 2004, when there were 59 such seats, or 2008, when there were 83.
Both Democratic and Republican strategists are going to start with these seats as they try to identify targets for the upcoming campaign, but as is clear from a district-by-district analysis, many of them are not particularly vulnerable.
The nine Democrats can generally be put into two categories: newish members who barely won in 2012 and who present the most attractive targets for Republicans in 2014, or moderate-to-conservative lifers whose seats will be particularly vulnerable if the incumbent retires. The 16 Republicans, meanwhile, are a bit more varied. A handful of these representatives — like Reps. Jeff Denham (R-CA) and Mike Coffman (R-CO) — are relatively new members who were elected to favorable districts that became more Democratic in last cycle's redistricting; others are long-time Republicans who dissuade challengers through their seniority, but whose districts would also present attractive targets in the event of a retirement; still more are members elected as part of the 2010 wave — like Reps. Chris Gibson (R-NY), Joe Heck (R-NV) and Scott Rigell (R-VA) — or through bad Democratic challenges (California Reps. Gary Miller and David Valadao stand out in this category).
One cannot stress enough how the lack of crossover seats benefits the Republicans; despite the fact that they hold a greater number of crossover seats — 16 for them to only nine for the Democrats — the Republicans could lose all their crossover seats and still hold a 218-217 House majority. Democrats need to net a gain of 17 seats to win control of the House next year.
According to the Congressional Research Service, the average length of service for House members at the beginning of the current 113th Congress was 9.1 years. The 25 crossover district holders have, on average, served slightly longer — 10 years — than the average House member. The 25 names below have widely varying years of service, though. More than half (13/25) were in the House for four years or less as of January. These, generally, are the more attractive targets.
Notes: *Years of service are as of the opening of the 113th Congress (January); ^ Miller's opponent was a Republican because California has aa primary system where the top two finishers, regardless of party, advance to the general election.
Source: Obama/Romney district results from Daily Kos Elections; other figures from Crystal Ball research and the Almanac of American Politics.
What follows is a full analysis of all 25 crossover seats in the House. If Republicans have a good night in the House, some of the Democrats below will lose or will have retired before the election; likewise for the Republicans on this list if the Democrats have a good night.
As an aside, it's possible that veteran Rep. Peter King (R, NY-2) will be the 26th House member who holds a district won by the presidential candidate of the opposing party, but complete results from his Hurricane Sandy-ravaged Long Island district are, incredibly, still pending. In any event, King is safe.
We're making only slight changes to the House ratings this week. Rep. Julia Brownley (D-CA) probably should have been on our initial ratings; California Republicans are going to have trouble picking up any seats in the deeply Democratic Golden State, but Brownley and some others could be beaten under the right circumstances; former state Sen. Tony Strickland (R), who the freshman Brownley beat by slightly more than five points in 2012, is running again.
The seats of Reps. Tom Cotton (R-AR) and Kristi Noem (R-SD) are now listed only because they have been mentioned as possible Senate candidates. If the seats became open, Democrats could potentially compete in either; if they do not, both incumbents should be fine in their reelection bids. Meanwhile, after former South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford's (R) runoff primary victory on Tuesday in the special election to replace appointed Sen. Tim Scott (R), Democrat Elizabeth Colbert Busch (sister of comedian Stephen Colbert) has an outside chance to win the seat, given Sanford's baggage. However, the Republican has to be considered a favorite right now; if Colbert Busch somehow won, she would hold the fourth-most Republican district (based on the 2012 presidential results) of any Democrat in the country.


The anaclitic relationship between psyche and soma is a basic premise of psychoanalytic thought, and is richly woven into classic and contemporary literature in this field. Yet there is limited work drawing together these disparate references, or focussing directly on the role of the body as anaclitic basis for the mind, particularly in relation to the reciprocal conditions of containment and traumatisation. This qualitative case study aims to explore the usefulness of this particularly body of psychoanalytic theory in making meaning of a two-year therapy process with a child who had been multiply maltreated. Clinical case material from this psycholanalytically-oriented therapy was analysed through the lens of the psychoanalytic literature reviewed. This analysis revealed four themes, which reflect the interplay between physical and psychic skins in the child's relationship to the maternal object (Theme 1) and in his sense of self (Theme 2), and the interaction between bodily and emotional digestion in his intake of goodness (Theme 3) and expulsion of badness (Theme 4). These findings point to the utility and robustness of this particular theoretical framework in understanding and integrating a large corpus of previously bewildering and disjointed case material with a multiply traumatised child. Implications for theory and for practice are indicated.
Mendel, A. 2008. 'Sticks and stones can break your bones, but words--' : a psychoanalytic case study of the role of the body in trauma and containment. University of Cape Town.


text:
Search this Site Search in https://equity.uconn.edu/>
Equity at UConn
Hanna Prytko
EEO & Search Compliance Manager
Email: hanna.prytko@uconn.edu
Hanna Prytko joined the Office of Institutional Equity in January 2005. As Manager of EEO and Search Compliance, Hanna is responsible for managing the daily activities of OIE's EEO and Search Compliance staff and ensuring UConn's compliance with state and federal guidelines, regulations and laws related to equal employment opportunity and affirmative action in the search and hiring process. Additionally, Hanna is responsible developing the state and federal affirmative action plans for the University, producing various reports for monitoring workforce diversity goals and ensuring all state and federal reporting requirements are met. She also provides guidance on the search process, search training and related projects. Hanna graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in History from Fordham University and has passed the State of Connecticut Equal Employment Opportunity Specialist 1 and 2 examinations. Prior to joining OIE, Hanna worked for Eber Brother Metro in New York for 12 years.
Storrs & Regional Campus Contact Information
241 Glenbrook Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4175
Email: equity@uconn.edu
Monday - Friday 8:00 a.m - 5:00 p.m.
UConn Health Contact Information
16 Munson Road, Farmington, CT 06030-5130
(Physical)
263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-5130
(Mailing)


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Although it welcomes thousands of tourists each year, the church in Sedlec is little known and not so much promoted. Partly because of the rather morbid history and architecture that is has.
But for those who have an appetite for gloomy experiences, here is what to expect.
Viewed from outside, the church does not seem to be anything special from others of the same bill, common in Central and Western Europe. But its little secret is one of the great achievements of mankind: the strength to face the feeling of helplessness in the face of death, played in artistic accepted – a variety of aesthetic ugliness, with remarkable results. Or maybe is it an ode to the human body?!
Human architecture… literally. That is the ossuary, a Roman Catholic chapel located near All Saints Cemetery in Sedlec, a suburb of Kutna Hora, Czech Republic. Although in 1870, when the interior has been reinvented, there were no courses in design, contemporary architects agree on the fact that Frantisek Rint did a very good job, even though his work may not necessarily represent a source of inspiration. Church near the cemetery of All Saints, pieces of furniture, chandeliers, decorating walls, family crest Schwarzenberg and even signature decorator are made of human bones, masterfully combined to give an air of uniqueness of a place that otherwise would not be able to cross the threshold of anonymity.
The skeletons of some 40 000 people are in the small chapel, but chose destiny after death as their eternal sleep to spend at least one form … unusual. The skulls and bones are everywhere and intersect to create the most fantastic scenery imagined. Stringing orderly human material shows that nothing happens by chance, while marking a different perspective on art. The piece de resistance is the chandelier that contains bones that enters the human body structure. His presence was turned into a game popular among visitors who tried to find out whose bones correspond anatomical parts lined up on the ceiling of the church.
One of the great obsessions of mankind is represented by physical form that the human spirit takes to fulfill the "mission" to Earth. Most dreamers of them have tried to integrate this material into spiritual shape, giving it an artistic dimension. From tattoos, piercing, body beauty techniques, all methods tested. Framing religious human space, is perhaps the ultimate form that the body has chosen to worship art.
The history begins in 1278, when Henry, abbot of the monastery of Cistercian order was trims in Jerusalem by King Otakar II of Bohemia. In return, he brought with him a small amount of land Golgotha, which he spread it in the abbey cemetery. The good news was quickly spread and the result was an increased number of requests for final resting places. Later, two other events had to multiply the number of those buried there. Plague – the Black Death of the Middle Ages, and fights against Hussites led to a significant increase in the cemetery area.
Only in 1870, a wood carver, František Rint would definitely make their mark on their specific church. It had to solve a serious problem, which neither his predecessors had not been able to give him head. Bones, increasingly more, they had no place to be stored and throw their version was not one too "orthodox". The idea of "saving" who came Rint's turned into a regular church high on the list of objectives in the Czech Republic. One that it has commissioned sculptor accomplishment of the work were none other than the powerful Schwarzenberg aristocratic family, who possess the Sedlec. Love for art was rewarded by Rint by representing the family coats of arms, what else? … Of human bones. Restoration and "beauty" lasted three years. Rint used for decorating bones arranged in pyramid shape by the monk half blind, but before he milled, to keep a uniform color.
A strange curiosity, an interesting lesson in anatomy, a meditation on death or macabre masterpiece? The answer remained the appreciation of visitors, and most said that, far from being scary place reassuring and defers them the opportunity to reflect on life and death.
The church can be visited daily, except 24th and 25th December. The schedule is set according to the season. Thus, from April to September, the church is open to visitors between 8:00 and 18:00 in October and March, between 9:00 and 17:00, and during November to February, the church is open from 9: 00 to 16:00. Entrance fee for adults is 50 kronor, students and children over 9 years pay 30 crowns, while families pay a single fee of 130 crowns. If you like thrills and would like to visit the church at night (between 8 pm and 12 pm) have to decide ahead of time to make a bookings for a fee of 100 crowns per person. A Czech koruna is equivalent to 0.148 RON. For transport, you can take the tourist bus that goes through downtown.
Due to the prosperous silver mines in Kutna Hora, the location became, after Prague, the second item on the list of most important cities of the Bohemian kingdom in the Middle Ages. Currently, the town is part of UNESCO. Even if you are staying in Prague deserves to sacrifice a day of the holiday to visit this area, away from a specific European capitals. Besides the ossuary in Sedlec in Kutna Hora you can also visit the Church of St. Barbara and Italian Court. The best opportunity, if they choose Prague as a hub is to opt for one of the trips organized, during which you will benefit from a guide.
Prague to Kutna Hora you can take the train or bus. Best bet would be to ask the information because the staff there is always ready to answer questions with updated information.
Hotels in Kutna Hora idea are cheaper than Prague, a double room at the hotel, ranging from 52 Euros per night and 76 Euros per night.


KARACHI: A complete shutdown was observed in Karachi and other cities of Sindh on Sunday (today) following a call to observe a 'day of mourning' by the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) over twin bomb blasts outside their election office in Azizabad on Saturday which killed three people and injured 40 others, DawnNews reported.
A bomb planted near a park where the MQM had set up its election office for its unit in Karachi's Azizabad (Federal B. Area Block 8) went off around 9pm on Saturday.
The blast caused panic and fear in the densely populated and highly guarded neighbourhood as a number of MQM activists, volunteers, personnel of law enforcement agencies and media crew rushed to the place.
About 20 minutes later, another explosion took place at almost the same place which was crowded by the party's activists, volunteers and security personnel. Police said apparently the MQM election office was the target.
Meanwhile, the Pakistani Taliban have claimed responsibility of the attack. Speaking to Dawn.com via telephone from an undisclosed location, Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan said the target was MQM and both bombings were carried out through planted devices.
The MQM, however, has vowed to not bow down to the terrorists. Speaking to DawnNews, the party's leader, Haider Abbas Rizvi said that MQM has been targeted by forces which do not wish to see it coming into power. "We will continue with our election campaign and no one can deter us from our fundamental right of partaking in polls," he said.
The outlawed TTP has vowed to target the secular political parties of the country, naming Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Awami National Party (ANP) and MQM in the run up to the coming general elections.
The historic May 11 polls will witness the first ever democratic transition of power in Pakistan.


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Finland's foreign policy includes adorable Arctic emojis
By Jeannette Lee Falsey
Updated: December 2, 2017 Published: May 11, 2017
Finland has produced Arctic emojis as the country assumes chairmanship of the Arctic Council from May 2017 to May 2019. (Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland)
FAIRBANKS — Searching for a cute, wry or funny way to text about the Arctic?
The Finnish government is on it.
In perhaps its most adorable incarnation of soft power since a Finnish author and illustrator invented the hippo-like Moomins, the country that gave the world Angry Birds has released a set of Arctic-themed emojis to complement its pending chairmanship of the Arctic Council.
The council is the main forum for international cooperation among the eight Arctic nations and other stakeholders with interests in the region. The United States is set to pass the chairmanship to Finland on Thursday during a ministerial meeting in Fairbanks attended by top-ranking diplomats from the eight Arctic nations, including U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson.
Now back to those emojis.
Finland's 16 Arctic emojis, made public in February, include widely recognized Arctic iconography like reindeer, Santa Claus and the aurora borealis, or northern lights.
Finland has produced 16 Arctic emojis, including one of a polar bear that has "lost its way." (Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland)
Polar bears are perhaps the most emblematic Arctic animal, but aren't found anywhere in Finland. That didn't deter the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from producing an emoji of a slightly befuddled-looking polar bear standing outside the Helsinki Cathedral, one of the nation's most famous landmarks.
The emoji is called "The Polar Bear That Never Existed." The press statement from the Foreign Ministry explains that the polar bear has "lost its way."
Some of the emojis aren't as widely recognizable, but represent aspects of the country the government wants to highlight to the rest of the world.
The Sami flag represents the indigenous people of Lapland in Finland's northern region. The woman punching through rock illustrates the concept of "sisu" or perseverance.
"Arctic nature has given us guts — or 'sisu' as we call it," the accompanying explanation says. "It's about not giving in — even when it might be wiser to do so…"
Using emojis to help shape the nation's image is a playful, but not frivolous approach to foreign policy. Finland is a highly educated country where tech is an important industry. The selection of emojis appears to be a way to highlight Finland's values and Arctic presence, while also demonstrating its tech expertise.
Mikko Ollikainen, a Finn now living in Washington, D.C., wrote in an email that he found the "kaamos," or polar night, emoji among the most useful of the bunch.
"It conveys in one word the whole concept of 'don't expect me to (be) my cheery and outgoing (self) now that it's 20 hours dark and 4 hours dim every day, please just let me hibernate!' "
Arctic Council
Jeannette Lee Falsey
Jeannette Lee Falsey is a former reporter for Alaska Dispatch News. She left the ADN in 2017.


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Home » TV & Movies » Strictly's Motsi Mabuse forced to miss BBC show after contact with Covid case
Strictly's Motsi Mabuse forced to miss BBC show after contact with Covid case
Daily Star TV gives you all the latest interviews and spoilers and Ed Gleave will send you telly's hot takes straight to your inbox every Sunday
Strictly Come Dancing judge Motsi Mabuse will miss the live show this weekend.
The South African-German dance expert judge announced the news on Twitter on Friday afternoon telling fans of the BBC One show that she was gutted to miss out.
Motsi confirmed she has had both her coronavirus vaccinations and the booster shot.
However, it is not administered in Germany it is not recognised by the British government.
She reassured she is OK and has tested multiple times and all results have been negative.
Motsi is not the first judge to miss a live show during the current series.
Craig Revel Horwood was forced to isolate last week after testing positive for the illness.
The sharp-tongued choreographer was replaced by award-winning actress Cynthia Erivo.
Announcing her news at the time, Tthe 34-year-old actress said: "I'm so delighted to be joining the Strictly judging panel for Musicals Week.
"Musicals have a unique place in my heart, it's such a special way of connecting all art and making it one.
"I'm excited to bring my experience to the show and I can't wait to see what the couples have in store this weekend."
Cynthia has just been cast in the movie adaptation of Wicked as Elphaba, so it's no surprise she secured the sought-after spot.
The talented star has also previously played a role in the UK tour of Sister Act and the Broadway tour of The Color Purple.
Despite being in its 19th series, Strictly has only asked guest judges to step in on a handful of occasions.
Donny Osmond stood in as a guest judge in the twelfth series whilst American actor Alfonso Ribiero stood in for Bruno Tonioli for the fifth week of the sixteenth series.
Anton Du Beke has also now taken a regular spot on the panel in place of Tonioli who cannot be there in person as a result of Covid-19 restrictions.
Fans will have to wait and see if anyone will stand in for Motsi on the weekend.
Strictly Come Dancing continues Saturday on BBC One
For more of the latest showbiz news from Daily Star, make sure you sign up to one of our newsletters here.


Delegating for Growth is an interactive skills training course that will help any manager to better understand the purpose of delegation, prepare for and apply the steps to delegating effectively, and learn to recover from inevitable mistakes or disappointments. This training program will help to increase company-wide productivity, foster employee confidence at all levels, and develop a team-driven culture.
Most tasks and projects can be delegated. In particular, if you find yourself doing the tasks and activities you were promoted from, that's a clear sign of items you should be delegating. Not sure how? that's where this program comes into play.


Don't miss this 3-bedroom Cape in one of West Roxbury's most convenient neighborhoods. Walk in and enjoy the fully renovated kitchen including stainless steel appliances, custom cabinetry, and quiet-close drawers open to a lovely dining room and family room with a woodburning stove. The second level includes two large bedrooms including the master with a brand new bathroom. In addition, you'll find a huge finished basement. Outside enjoy a lovely deck overlooking the backyard. Plenty of parks, shopping, and restaurants nearby, plus easy access to Washington Street, VFW Parkway, I-95 and close to public transport.
Listing courtesy of Chris Kostopoulos Group of Keller Williams Realty.
Listing provided courtesy of Chris Kostopoulos Group of Keller Williams Realty.


On Friday evening, YHC had offered some words of encouragement to The YachtClub and to JV in particular, "Stirring the pot" if you will, in an effort to make sure the Yacht Club Pax would push the rock a little extra on a Saturday, (YHC is certain that retribution will be forthcoming) YHC was also hopeful that some other Pax would step up and take the Q, but that was not happening, It was almost our identical crew from last Saturday with the addition of Joker to get us up to a party of 6. Lets get to work on another cool saturday morning.
Partner Up – Catch me if you can around the park – Partner 1 drops for 5 merkins while partner 2 runs around the park, Partner 1 then chases partner 2 and they switch. X 4 Laps around the park.
10 Box Jumps – Done with our interruption!
And now back over to finish up our original program – Completion of the Merkin Mile – Mosey down to Pritchard and Bruin for our last set of 20 merkins OYO mosey to light pole and then push AYG to the flag.
Prayer Requests: Prayers of strength and peace for the teachers with Saturday School.
YHC was hopeful that someone would step up and take the Q, but knew the odds were not in favor of such as it was an early workout for a Saturday with the School Make-up day.
We have had a lot of the 'usual suspects' leading the workouts lately. If this continues, i am fearful that a new iteration of The Dab will make an appearance soon, please step up and lead gentlemen.


The University of Kansas School of Medicine integrates excellent education, scientific discovery, outstanding clinical programs and dedication to community service. The only medical school in Kansas, KU is acknowledged as a leader in training primary care and rural physicians. In addition to its commitment to educating the physician workforce of tomorrow, the school is an emerging leader in biomedical research and the health of the public.
The University of Kansas Cancer Center became a National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center in 2012.
Frontiers is a member of the national Clinical and Translational Science Award consortium.
The KU Alzheimer's Disease Center is one of only 29 National Institutes of Health-designated centers.
Eight departments rank among the top 25 public universities for National Institutes of Health research funding.
In Memory of Thomas M. Yankee, Pharm.D., Ph.D.


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Вільнянка — річка в Україні, ліва притока Самари. Впливає у Самару межах села Вільне.

Довжина 10 км. Площа водозбірного басейну 93,2 км². Похил річки 1,9 м/км.

Відстань від гирла Самари до місця впливу Вільнянки - 53 км.

Література
 Каталог річок України. 122 сторінка — Київ: Видавництво АН УРСР, 1957.

Притоки Самари
Річки Дніпропетровської області
Річки Новомосковського району
Вільне (Новомосковський район)
Статті про річки Дніпропетровської області без зображення в картці

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Man Utd Backed To See Off PSG In Race To Sign Brazilian Attacking Revelation With £52m Release Clause
www.manutd.com
Rob McCarthy 22 Jan 2023 1:37 PM
Manchester United have reportedly joined the race to sign a 'sensational' Brazilian youngster, who is also very much on the radar of French giants PSG.
Red Devils boss Erik ten Hag is well known to be on the lookout for more attacking talent at Old Trafford, especially for the summer after United recently secured a loan move for Wout Weghorst until the end of the season.
Marcus Rashford continues to excel this season but that has not stopped Ten Hag looking at landing fresh talent. Indeed, he wants to provide more competition for places across his whole squad at Old Trafford.
And, according to Italian publication Gazzetta dello Sport, United are being tipped to act fast and try and beat off competition from PSG to sign Athletico Paranaense sensation Vitor Roque.
The 17-year-old forward currently has a €60million (£52.5m) release clause inserted into his contract. However, it's unclear whether Athletico would accept less than that figure for the talented teen.
Old Trafford transfer chiefs will have to move quickly though if they want to get Roque on board.
Gazzetta adds that PSG have concrete interest in the youngster, who Football Talent Scout describes as a 'sensational talent'.
The teenager can play on either wing or as a centre-forward. And he has already notched 13 goals and four assists in 52 senior appearances for his club.
Roque tipped to succeed in European football
FTS adds that Roque has pace and technical ability in abundance and is surprisingly strong for a 17-year-old.
Much now depends on whether Athletico to drop below the player's exit clause price.
The fact that he is completely unproven in the Premier League and is still so young would represent a massive gamble at that price point.
United and PSG do have funds available to complete a deal. However, the likelihood is that both clubs will try and negotiate a much lower figure.
Ten Hag's men are back in action on Sunday when they head to league leaders Arsenal in a huge clash.
READ MORE: Ten Hag passed on chance to sign £88m star ready to take Chelsea to next level
Manchester United Vitor Roque


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PIC inquiry extended by three months
The commission is investigating several dodgy transactions and allegations of impropriety.
Investment Corporation. Picture: pic.gov.za
Public Investment Corporation
PIC inquiry
Gia Nicolaides | 1027 days ago
JOHANNESBURG - The Public Investment Corporation (PIC) commission of inquiry has been extended for an additional three months.
Inquiry chairperson Judge Lex Mpati requested an extension due to the extent of the ongoing investigations into a considerable number of transactions at the Public Investment Corporation.
Mpati submitted his interim report to President Cyril Ramaphosa in February, saying he would need an extension for the final report.
According to the terms of reference, the final report is due by mid-April, but Ramaphosa has granted Mpati's request for an extension meaning the new deadline is now at the end of July.
Given the breadth of investigations the terms of reference also now include the following clause: "to investigate whether the pic has given effect to its clients' mandates as required by the Financial Advisory Act."
The hearings are expected to continue on Monday.


It is a unique property, primarily due to its location, a haven of peace surrounded by clear waters and beautiful greenery.
The internal surface area of the property is 650 m2 on 2levels: the ground floor is accessed by a charming outdoor patio with covered porch, then there is the kitchen with a large living room, 8 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, utility rooms and technical rooms.
On the first floor there are also 3 kitchens and 3 living rooms, 5 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms and a terrace with magnificent views.
The lush park surrounding this dream home is about 7,800 m2 and houses a large rectangular pool of 200 m2.
The rustic look of the villa, covered with irregular stones, integrates perfectly into the natural environment, a glimpse of the Costa Smeralda's rare beauty.
The interior is simple and elegant, with quality materials and special finishes such as exposed stone walls, and beautiful windows and terraces that offer a truly breathtaking view.
In the privacy of this dream house overlooking the sea, in one of the most exclusive areas of Italy, you can enjoy the comfort and atmosphere of one of the most beautiful places in the whole world all year round.
In the north east of Sardinia is the charming town of Porto Rotondo, with its typical steep streets, town square, the Church of San Lorenzo and the dock of the fishermen.
A picturesque town suspended in time, a meeting place for many tourists who appreciate the discreet familiar charm and fabulous and characteristic views.
Magnificent beaches attract visitors from all over the world, and there is a marina that can accommodate any type of boat.
You can wander through the lush Mediterranean brush and the prestigious luxury villas that adorn this area, destination of important businessmen, men of culture, people in fashion and international jet setters.
On the wonderful and charming Conero Riviera, dropping sheer down to the crystal-blue sea, there is this spectacular prestigious villa for sale.


The number 1 independent radio in the north of France confirms its confidence in Brandy. Metropolys chose the sought after The Kick package as the basis for an imaging update. In order to maintain coherence with the existing MetroHits package, the jingles were adapted with the Metropolys 4-note sonic logo and were fitted with the same American vocal sound. The vocal sound, comes from the popular jingle singer Emily McIntosh.
The Kick Vol 1 was originally produced for One FM in Switzerland. The package has since started an international career: aside from the adaptation for Metropolys (France) it's also been reworked for City Music (Belgium) and Glow FM (the Netherlands). Mid 2011 the package was enlarged with The Kick Vol 2. The complete package consists of 13 jingles and beds for news, weather and traffic. The package comes with dozens of mix outs and tools that help radio DJ's to create the perfect on air flow.
The Kick Vol 1 & Vol 2 can be adapted for your station too. Contact diederik@brandy-jingles.com for more information.
Metropolys has partnered with Brandy for its on air imaging ever since its rebranding in 2009. According to Médiamétrie the station has a cumulative audience share of 6.2%. In the last survey, ratings went up a staggering 20%.