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Home Relocation Moving and Relocation Medellín vs Panama City: a Comprehensive Comparison
Moving and Relocation
Medellín vs Panama City: a Comprehensive Comparison
Panama City, photo by Ekabhishek
Medellín vs Panama City, Panama, which is the better city to live? Both have been rated as two of the top foreign retirement locations. Which is really better?
International living even ranks the country of Panama as its top foreign retirement location this year.
Panama City is located on the coast at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal in Panama, which is located in Central America.
Medellín is located in a valley in the Colombian Andes Mountains and mountains surround it. Many expats consider Medellín the most livable city in Colombia.
Many expats I have met prefer Medellín. I also have met several expats living in Panama City that prefer Panama City. However many expats living in one city have never visited the other.
It's not really fair to compare the two cities if you haven't been to both of them. I have lived in Medellín for over six years. But I have also traveled to Panama City several times on vacation plus I have friends living in Panama City.
I have seen a few comparisons of Medellín vs Panama City but these tend to miss several very important points or have a bias.
Both cities have their pros and cons. This comparison comprehensively compares these two cities in 20 categories, in no particular order.
Note in this article we only include photos of Panama City. This website already has countless photos of Medellín. The photo above is a view of Panama City taken from a plane during the day by Ekabhishek.
We previously compared Medellín vs Cuenca, Bogotá vs Medellín, Medellín vs Pereira and Medellín vs Cartagena in previous articles on this website.
1. Climate
Medellín wins here hands down. The average temperature during the year in Medellín is 72 ° F (22 °C). Medellín is known as "La Ciudad de la Eterna Primavera", or the city of eternal spring".
While in Panama City the average annual temperature is much warmer at 81.0 ° F (27.2 °C).
In Medellín, the average daily high temperature ranges from 81.0 to 82.8 °F (27.2 to 35.4 °C). The average daily low ranges from 61.7 to 63.3 °F (16.5 to 17.4 °C).
In Panama City, the average daily high temperature ranges from 90.7 to 95.7 °F (32.6 to 23.1 °C). The average daily low ranges from 65.1 to 70.3 °F (18.4 to 21.3 °C).
In Panama City most will need air-conditioning during the day due to the high temperatures that frequently can feel like it is over 100 °F (37.8 °C) due to the high humidity.
The average humidity in Panama City for the entire year is over 80 percent. The humidity in Panama City is oppressive as the average high humidity each month is typically 87 percent or higher.
During the rainy season from May to December the average high humidity in Panama City is typically 94 percent or higher. During the rainy season in Panama City it typically rains over 210 mm (over 8 inches) in six out of the eight months.
In comparison, in Medellín the average humidity for each month ranges from 63 percent to 73 percent. The annual average humidity in Medellín is 68 percent. In Medellín there is only one month out of the year (October) that typically has over 210 mm (over 8 inches) of rain.
The bottom line is that in Medellín you can easily survive without air-conditioning or heating.
Panama City at Night
2. Restaurants and Nightlife
Medellín wins here. Medellín is a much bigger city with a metro population of over 3.7 million. So it obviously has many more restaurant and nightlife options.
In comparison, Panama City has a metro population of about 1.5 million, which means Medellín is over twice as large. In fact Medellín's population is nearly the same as the population of the entire country of Panama, which is only about 3.9 million.
Medellín has many more restaurant options, many of which have been covered on this website.
TripAdvisor lists less than 720 restaurants in Panama City. It lists over 920 restaurants in Medellín when you include the other municipalities in the metro area like Envigado and Sabaneta.
Medellín also is livelier and has many more nightlife options in the much bigger city, which have also been covered extensively on this website.
3. Cost of Living
Medellín clearly wins here. Similar real estate properties I have seen tend to be 50-75 percent cheaper in Medellín than in Panama City.
The cost of living in terms of USD in Medellín has dropped dramatically over the past couple of years due to the strength of the US dollar compared to the Colombian peso.
While in Panama City prices have gone up with inflation plus an increase in the number of expats in the city has helped drive up some real estate prices.
Two cost of living comparison sites (Numbeo and Expatistan) both report that the cost of living is much higher in Panama City than in Medellín.
For example, Expatistan reports the cost of living in Panama City is 84 percent higher than in Medellín.
An expat couple I met recently in Medellín that used to live in Panama City told me their cost of living has dropped at least 40 percent since moving to Medellín two years ago. They said they have found many things that are cheaper in Medellín, especially the real estate.
However, keep in mind that your cost of living can vary dramatically based on your lifestyle in either city.
Electricity is relatively expensive in Panama City and if you run your AC regularly expect to have $150-200 electric bills. Air conditioning is an example of what expats who are trying to live cheaply in Panama have to give up. AC is not needed in Medellín.
I have a friend living in Panama City with his wife renting an apartment similar to what I rent in Medellín and his rent is over double what I pay. Their cost of living as a couple in Panama City living a similar lifestyle is about 80% higher than our cost of living as a couple in Medellín.
Expats I have talked to in Panama City tell me that life in Panama City has ended up being more expensive than they originally thought.
Some expats living in Panama avoid the high costs of Panama City by living in a much smaller city or town in Panama where the cost of living can be lower.
But keep in mind living outside of Panama City in Panama you lose some of the benefits of the big city. You will likely need to give up things and live a simpler life than you've come to expect in the U.S. So you'll be making lifestyle changes. Also a car would likely be required.
4. Taxes
Panama City wins here. Panama is considered a tax haven as residents are taxed only on local income. In Colombia residents are taxed on worldwide income. DIAN (the IRS of Colombia) has also ruled that foreign pensions are taxed.
However living in Colombia can be tax neutral for many. I have met many expats living in Colombia that pay no income taxes.
Income taxes paid in another country are subtracted from taxes due in Colombia. So there is no double taxation in Colombia as some websites claim.
Colombia permits excluding up to 25 percent of your income from being taxed. There are also deductions for several things including expenses related to receiving your income, mortgage interest, health insurance, retirement savings and economic support of dependents.
I have lived in Colombia for over six years. But I have paid Colombian income taxes only one year that were less than 10 percent of the income taxes I paid in the U.S. More information about Colombian Income Taxes is found here.
Property taxes can be higher in Panama than in Colombia depending on the property and location. I met one expat couple from Panama recently in Medellín that said they were paying more in property taxes in Panama than the property taxes they paid when they lived in the U.S. in Texas.
A friend of mine in Medellín only pays property taxes of about 0.3 percent of the value of his property. Property taxes in Colombia typically range from 0.3 to 3.3 percent. Property taxes in Panama typically range from 1.75 to 2.1 percent.
Sales tax (VAT) is higher in Medellín at 16 percent for most items. In Panama City the sales tax for most items is currently 7 percent.
We highly recommend that you talk to a tax professional before moving to a foreign country to understand all the tax implications.
While overall taxes (including income taxes, property taxes and sales taxes) may be higher in Medellín this should be factored into the cost of living.
The much lower cost of living in Medellín means that even if you pay more taxes in Medellín, the total cost of living including taxes can still be much lower in Medellín than in Panama City.
Iglesia de La Merced in Panama City, photo by N. Nazareth Valdespino O
5. Things To Do
Medellín arguably wins here. While unscientific, TripAdvisor has 155 things to do listed for Panama City.
In comparison TripAdvisor has well over 200 things to do listed for Medellín when you include the other municipalities in the metro area like Envigado and Sabaneta.
Both cities have many things to do in the city as well as many things to do nearby. Well over 120 things to do in and around Medellín have been covered on this website over the past several years.
For example, Medellín has more shopping malls than are found in Panama City. We have already covered over 15 malls in Medellín on this website.
The largest shopping mall in Panama City, Albrook Mall, has about 350 shops. Santafé mall the largest in Medellín is somewhat larger and has over 380 shops.
Medellín also has more churches, more sights and landmarks, more of everything due to it being a much bigger city.
Panama City obviously has many water activities. Medellín has mountains surrounding it with activities like hiking, parasailing, paragliding and riding in and around the city with mountain bikes or ATVs.
Medellín has several natural parks including the huge Parque Arví nature reserve covering 39,500 acres. The park has 54 miles of walkable trails with activities like hiking, biking, jogging, horseback riding, picnicking, and bird watching.
Colombia is also a much larger country than Panama so there's a much bigger variety of things to do throughout Colombia. Colombia is also the second most bio-diverse country in the world after Brazil.
Panama City arguably wins here. Panama City generally has lower crime rates than are found in the much bigger city of Medellín.
The reported homicide rate in all of Panama in 2015 was relatively low at 12 homicides per 100,000 habitants, which was down from a higher rate in 2014.
But in Panama the main problem in the country perceived by Panamanians is insecurity. Insecurity is perceived to be a bigger problem than other issues in Panama such as drinking water services, unemployment and the cost of living according to a recent survey by Dichter & Neira.
Medellín's homicide rate in 2015 was 20.0 per 100,000, which was the lowest in 40 years. Medellín now has a homicide rate that is lower than is found in St. Louis, Baltimore, Detroit or New Orleans in the US.
Other crime rates have also been dropping in Medellín. For example, thefts of people in Medellín between January 1 and May 14, 2016, were 13 percent less than the same period in the previous year.
In a recent survey of 12,548 in Colombia in terms of citizens feeling safe in their barrio, Medellín fared well with citizens in Medellín feeling the safest in their barrio compared to all the other cities in Colombia.
In both cities take care and don't go out with all that jewelry on and don't flash cell phones and money. Also keep in mind that lifestyle plays a significant role in safety.
7. Healthcare
Medellín wins here. Medellín has eight of the top 43 ranked hospitals in Latin America, while Panama City and the country of Panama only has only one.
The top hospital in Medellín is Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, which is ranked #9 in Latin America. The top hospital in all of Panama is Hospital Punta Pacifica located in Panama City, which ranks #28 in Latin America.
Being a bigger city, Medellín has many more medical and dental providers but they also have many more patients to care for. The cost of health insurance tends to be higher in Panama City than in Medellín.
8. Infrastructure
Medellín wins here. In Panama City and the rest of Panama intermittent power outages and water outages are a way of life.
I have friends living in Panama City that tell me they normally experience intermittent power or water outages about every month or two. One friend in Panama City lost gas service for several weeks and another lost water service for about a week.
Power outages in Panama City are more common during the rainy season and storms and normally are short duration of up to an hour or two.
Some of the high-end apartment buildings in Panama City have backup water tanks and generators. The generators will typically just power the elevators and building lights and not individual apartments. Not all apartment buildings have these backup features.
I have lived in Medellín for over six years in several neighborhoods and during this time experienced only two power outages.
One outage I was notified about beforehand by the electric provider (EPM) and it was due to maintenance of a substation. The other outage was for a couple hours during a major storm. I have never experience an unplanned water outage.
Internet services in Panama City should be considered average at best. High speed Internet in Panama City is typically more expensive than in Medellín.
A friend of mine in Panama City is paying more for just 10 Mbps Internet service than I pay for triple-play service from Claro in Medellín, which includes 10 Mbps Internet, HD TV service for two TVs and landline phone service with unlimited calls in Colombia.
Outside of Panama City infrastructure in Panama will typically be more lacking. I have talked to several expats living in Panama outside of Panama City that experience more frequent power and water outages and less reliable and slower Internet.
9. Pollution
Panama City wins here. The World Health Organization (WHO) last year reported that Medellín was ranked #9 in a list of the 10 cities most polluted in Latin America.
Medellin is located in a canyon in Colombia's Andes Mountains. The city has mountains surrounding the city, which do not allow for easy dispersion of pollutants.
So air pollution tends to stay in the Medellín metropolitan area. But fairly regular rain in the city can clean the atmosphere.
Panama City is located on the Pacific coast of Panama. While the city has some heavy industry, regular rain helps clean the air plus being next to the sea means there are breezes that also help.
In general Medellín has more air pollution than found in Panama City. But Medellín generally is also one of the cleanest cities in Latin America and you won't see much litter.
10. Traffic
The two cities tie here. A survey by Waze last year ranked Panama as the eighth worst pace to drive in the world. Colombia was ranked 13th worst.
The survey by Waze last year rated Medellín and Panama City as two of the worst cities in Latin America in terms of traffic.
While the traffic can get pretty bad in Medellín, the worst traffic is primarily found in the El Poblado and Envigado neighborhoods during rush hours in my experience.
My impression is the traffic in Panama City during rush hours can be even worse than in Medellín.
11. Access to US, Europe and the rest of Latin America
Panama City wins here. Panama City's Tocumen International Airport has non-stop flights to over 60 international locations in the US, Europe and Latin America.
From Panama City you can fly non-stop to the U.S. to Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas/Fort Worth, Fort Lauderdale, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, New Orleans, New York (JFK), Orlando, San Francisco, Tampa, Washington D.C. and seasonally to Denver.
From Panama City you can also fly non-stop to Amsterdam, Barcelona, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Madrid and Paris in Europe. In addition from Panama City you can fly non-stop to over 40 different cities in other countries in Latin America.
Medellín's José María Córdova airport (MDE) is the second largest airport in Colombia and it has non-stop flights to 13 international locations in the US, Europe and Latin America.
From Medellín you can fly non-stop to Atlanta, Fort Lauderdale, Miami and New York (JFK) in the U.S.
From Medellín you can also fly non-stop to Madrid in Europe. In addition from Medellín you can fly non-stop to Aruba, Curaçao, Lima, Maracaibo, Mexico City, Panama City, San Salvador and Valencia (plus seasonally to Punta Cana).
There are also many domestic Colombia flights available from Medellín as the city has two airports: the international José María Córdova airport and the domestic Olaya Herrera airport (EOH). From Medellín's two airports you can fly non-stop to over 30 cities in Colombia.
12. History and Culture
The cities arguably tie here. Panama City was founded in 1519 and within a few years it was a launching point for the exploration and conquest of Peru and a transfer point for gold and silver headed back to Spain.
The construction of the Panama Canal, which opened in 1914, was of great benefit to the infrastructure and economy in Panama City.
During World War II, construction of military bases and the presence of large numbers of U.S. military and civilians brought prosperity to the city. In the late 1970s through the 1980s the Panama City became an international banking center.
The valley of Aburrá where Medellín is located was discovered by Spanish explorer Jeronimo Luis Tejelo in 1541. But the settlement of Medellín was founded later, in 1616 by Spanish conqueror Don Francisco Herrera Campuzano.
Early development in Medellín started in the southern part of the city and moved towards the center of today's city with the building of several churches including Iglesia de La Candelaria and Iglesia de la Veracruz.
Historians believe that many early settlers to Medellín were Spanish Jews fleeing the inquisition. These early settlers focused on self-reliance and had little interest in outside contact and neighboring regions.
They came to be known as hard workers with a fierce independence streak and these traits remain today in Medellín.
The biggest growth in Medellín began only at the beginning of the 20th century with the arrival of the railroad and coffee production became more important and permitted the country to enter the world economy. Mine owners and coffee barons invested their profits in an emerging textile industry and their gamble paid off big.
Both Medellín and Panama City today are modern cities with many high-rises. The cultures of both cities can be described as contemporary. In both cities you will see much construction underway as both cities continue to push for growth.
Medellín has also been solidifying its reputation as a pioneer of inventive architecture and urban renewal, with an array of bold public projects.
This helped Medellín to be named the most innovative city in the world in 2013 in a competition organized by the Urban Land Institute.
13. Job Opportunities
Medellín arguably wins here. Medellín is a much bigger city so obviously there are many more job opportunities in Medellín in comparison to smaller Panama City. But the jobs in Panama City tend to pay more.
However there still aren't a lot of work opportunities for foreigners in either city, especially if you don't speak Spanish fluently.
While there are English teaching job opportunities in both cities if you are a native English speaker, competition is fierce and the pay isn't the greatest.
Historically the unemployment rate in the smaller city of Panama City tends to be somewhat lower than in Medellín.
To work in either country will require work visas or a Friendly Nation visa in Panama. Note the pensionado (retirement) visas in both countries do not authorize you to work.
Panama City Metro, photo by Panamafly
14. Public Transportation
Medellín wins here. Medellín has an extensive metro system with integrated metro trains, a new tram-line, integrated articulated buses and four cable car lines.
The Medellín metro is spotlessly clean, easy to use and very inexpensive. Medellín's metro system has been in place for 20 years.
Panama City's metro is much smaller and opened in April 2014. It has only one line and 14 stations.
In comparison, Medellín's metro is much more extensive and has nine lines (including integrated Metroplus articulated bus lines and cable car lines) and over 60 stations throughout the city.
Both cities have extensive and inexpensive bus routes plus inexpensive taxis. The taxis are metered in Medellín and you just need to pay the fare on the meter.
Panama City has unmetered taxis and taxi drivers can and will choose not to take certain fares in my experience. There are official rates that taxi drivers are supposed to charge in Panama City.
But the official rates are rarely followed and are frequently inflated for expats. For example, I met some unknowing expats visiting Panama City paying $10 for a fare, when it should have been only $3.
To ensure no surprises when arriving at a destination always make sure to find the price to go to a destination before you get in a taxi in Panama City.
The streets of Panama City can also be quite confusing with confusing road signs and many nonexistent road signs. Streets have names in Panama City but most people only know the major streets. Due to this it is important to have landmarks when giving directions to taxi drivers in Panama City to non-major streets or locations.
In comparison Medellín is much easier to navigate with the majority of streets using a simple numbered grid with Carreras running north and south and Calles running east and west and street signs everywhere.
15. Currency and Banking
Panama City wins here. Panama uses the US dollar so there isn't a fluctuating exchange rate like you will find in Colombia, which uses the Colombian peso. You won't need to change money in Panama City.
Panama dollarized its economy in 1904. Panama has balboa coins in denominations of 1 and 5 centésimos as well as 1/10, ¼ and ½, 1 and 2 balboa coins that circulate in Panama alongside coins from the US. 1 centésimo = 1 US cent, 1 balboa = 1 USD.
However the fluctuating exchange rate in Colombia has been beneficial lately with the strong US dollar.
Two years ago, the exchange rate was about 1,874 Colombian pesos to the USD. It is now about 3,090 pesos to the USD. This has made real estate in Colombia dramatically cheaper in terms of US dollars than two years ago.
But the fluctuating exchange rate moves both ways in Colombia. Just five months ago the exchange rate was over 3,400 pesos to the USD. So in just five months costs have gone up over 10% in Colombia in terms of USD with the volatile exchange rate.
It is easier to open a bank account in Panama City. You can open a bank account as a foreigner in Panama City with a passport plus usually a second ID. In Colombia banks require a cedula to open an account. A cedula is a local Colombia photo ID you will receive after you have a visa.
16. Economic Freedom and Ease of Doing Business
Medellín wins here. Since both cities are in different countries it is important to compare the countries economically when considering them as places to live and one way to do this is to look at economic freedom.
In terms of economic freedom, The Heritage Foundation ranks Colombia as a country with a "mostly free economy". It ranks Colombia as #33 out of the 178 countries that it ranks in the world in terms economic freedom.
In comparison, Panama's economy is categorized as a "moderately free". Heritage Foundation ranks Panama as #66 in terms of economic freedom.
It is also somewhat more difficult to do business in Panama, which is ranked #69 in the world by the World Bank in terms of ease of doing business.
In comparison Colombia is ranked #54. If you want to start a business this will typically be somewhat easier to do in Colombia.
The two cities tie in this category. Spanish is spoken in both cities. There are few English speakers to be found outside of the service industries such as hotels in either city.
It is difficult to get by in either city without speaking some Spanish since few of the locals speak English.
Most people that you will interact with in both cities during daily life, such as store clerks, taxi drivers and waiters will speak little to no English.
Any publication that claims, "most people in Panama speak English" is not telling the truth.
Education First ranks both Colombia and Panama lowly in terms of English proficiency. Education First ranks Panama in its English Proficiency Index at 48.77 and Colombia is not far behind ranked at 46.54.
If you aren't willing to learn some Spanish in either Panama City or Medellín you will need to depend on someone that is bilingual or will become quickly frustrated.
18. Expat Community
Panama City wins here. Panama City has a bigger expat community than Medellín that speaks English.
The total country of Panama has 14,040 expats from the U.S., 2,017 expats from the UK, 1,808 from Canada, 279 from Australia, 92 from Ireland and 50 from New Zealand living in Panama according to the International Organization of Migration (IOM).
Likely at least half of the expats from those English speaking countries living in Panama live in Panama City.
The total country of Colombia has 18,841 expats from the U.S., 1,237 expats from the UK, 985 from Canada, 220 from Australia, 131 from Ireland and 51 from New Zealand living in Colombia according to IOM.
According to IOM there are more expats from English speaking countries in Colombia than in Panama. But Panama is a much smaller country so these expats are more noticeable.
The majority of expats living in Colombia are found in Bogotá, which is the capital and largest city in Colombia, where most foreign companies have their offices. I have seen no official statistics for Medellín. But the expat community in Medellín speaking English is likely much smaller than is found in Panama City.
I would estimate there likely are much less than 3,000 expats from North America and Europe living full-time in Medellín.
Medellín is more of an emerging expat location but it is definitely becoming more discovered and has a growing expat community. Having lived in Medellín over six years I see more and more expats in the city each year.
Internations actually ranked Colombia last year as being a much more welcoming country for expats than Panama, ranking Colombia as number 5 and Panama as number 34.
19. Education Options
This is arguably a tie. Medellín has more university choices while Panama City has more Spanish language programs and more bilingual schools for children.
As the far bigger city, Medellín is home to over 30 universities while Panama City only has about half as many universities.
With a bigger expat population Panama City apparently has more Spanish language programs available than in Medellín. However, Universidad EAFIT located in Medellín is reportedly the largest Spanish language program for foreigners in Colombia.
Panama City has three international schools that are fully accredited by an American School Association. Plus there are several other bilingual schools in Panama City.
I am aware of only two bilingual (English/Spanish) schools for children in Medellín.
20. Ease of Getting a Visa
The two cities arguably tie in this category. Both Colombia and Panama have a number of visa options. The visa processes for both countries are fairly straightforward.
Both countries have retirement (pension) visas with low-income requirements and no up front investment required.
Colombia's retirement visa (TP-7) requires a minimum retirement income of three times the minimum wage in Colombia. The minimum wage in 2016 is 689,454 pesos per month.
The minimum retirement income needed for the Colombian retirement visa is only about $670 per month at the current exchange rate. The Colombia retirement visa fee is $205 plus an application fee of $50.
In comparison a Panama retirement visa requires a higher minimum retirement income of $1,000 per month. The Panama retirement visa fees are also higher totaling $700.
Panama offers a number of discounts to people with retirement visas including 50 percent off entertainment, 25 percent off at restaurants and 25 percent off on airline tickets plus many other discounts.
Both countries also have investor visas as well as several other visa options including student visas and marriage visas.
Panama's business investor visa requires a minimum invest of $160,000. Colombia's business investor visa (TP-7) has a much lower minimum business investment that is no less than 100 times the minimum wage in Colombia or no less than about $22,308.
Colombia also has a property investment visa with a minimum investment of 650 times the minimum wage in Colombia. This is more than $145,000 at the current exchange rate.
Panama also has its Friendly Nations Visa with 50 countries including the U.S., Canada and the UK. This visa can be obtained by starting a new business or purchasing an existing business (with relatively low investment requirements) or being hired to work for a Panama company.
Colombia's work visa (TP-4) is relatively easy to get as it primarily requires just a work contract with a Colombian Company.
Colombia streamlined its visa process a couple years ago. You can apply online and approvals are now very fast, typically in a few days. Or you can go directly to Bogotá and normally get a visa the same day you apply.
Panama's visas typically require more paperwork like a criminal background check. Reportedly they can take longer to receive.
However, many of Panama's visas are good for an indefinite time period. In comparison, Colombia's Temporal (TP) visas are typically good for a year except the marriage visa, which is normally good for three years. TP visas must be renewed .
After having most Colombian TP visas for five years (or three years for a marriage visa) you can apply for a resident (RE) visa that is good for five years, which we covered previously.
Panama City, photo by Haakon Krohn
The Bottom Line – Medellín vs Panama City
In our Medellín vs Panama City comparison, Medellín beats out Panama City in nine of 20 categories. Panama City beats out Medellín in six categories and the two cities tie in five categories.
So the end result in this somewhat subjective comparison of 20 categories is that Medellín wins if the categories are equally weighted.
To really determine which city is best for you to live depends on which categories are more important to you. A higher weighting should be used for more important categories.
For example, if cost of living, having a more comfortable springtime climate, good infrastructure and healthcare were most important, Medellín would win.
If having a bigger expat community, being a tax haven, better access to the U.S. and Europe plus being able to use the US dollar were your most important categories, Panama City would win.
The only way to really know which city is better is to spend time in both. I have spent time in both cities. Both have their pros and cons. Neither city is ideal but I much prefer Medellín.
At the end of the day — there's no "best place to live". There's only the best place for you to live. One man's paradise is another man's hell.
That's why we recommend living in a foreign city for six months to a year before committing. Only then can you determine if a foreign city is right for you.
I have met some expats now living in Medellín that used to live in Panama City. They moved when they discovered Medellín and like it better. Common reasons mentioned include the better climate, lower cost of living and particularly the lower cost of real estate.
The foreign retirement publications have been touting Panama City as a top foreign retirement location many times in the past. Panama City has also been touted as a top place to live for digital nomads. But in my opinion Panama City doesn't really compare that well to Medellín.
Medellín vs Panama City
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Bmed August 2, 2016 at 10:45 am
Panama's nightlife is far more sophisticated and superior to Medellins' – by a long shot.
Jeff August 2, 2016 at 11:44 am
Perhaps more sophisticated nightlife in Panama City but there is a bigger variety with more nightlife options in the much bigger city of Medellín.
Bmed August 5, 2016 at 4:23 am
I disagree from someone living in Medellin, and visiting Panama often. There are a lot more options in Panama City – Medellin is like a country town (but respect your opinion of course).
DK August 9, 2016 at 9:00 pm
I second what Bmed said. Medellin is nice and all, but Panama city has much less of a provincial outlook and is far more diverse in terms of restaurants and nightlife. Also, the restaurant scene in Medellin is growing, but it still has a long way to go. It's still difficult to find the kind of diverse, quality non-Colombian food that a metropolis of 3+ million should have. I've read many of the restaurant reviews on this site, but respectfully, I've found that many of them miss the mark. I know Medellin has more restaurants, but in terms of quality and diversity, Medellin lags far behind many places in the Americas. Quality, not quantity.
Panama city also has Medellin beat in terms of history. Medellin can't compete with Panama City's colonial history and has nothing like the canal. The Casco Viejo in Panama City is a bit run down, but Medellin doesn't have a historical area that even comes close.
Jeff August 10, 2016 at 9:05 am
I respectfully disagree that Medellín has more of a provincial outlook. Medellín was named the most innovative city in the world in 2013. The city has achieved a global reputation as a pioneer in inventive architecture and urban renewal. In fact, Bogotá is looking to copy some of the things Medellín has already done like its cable cars for transportation and metro system.
In terms of of restaurants it's arguable and subjective as to which city has the better restaurants and more diversity. Tourist focused website TripAdvisor actually lists many more restaurants in the Medellín metro than in Panama City so Medellín has a bigger selection, which makes sense since Medellín is more than twice as large in terms of population. Obviously Panama City has a better selection of seafood restaurants. But I have been to many good restaurants in both Medellín and Panama City. I met a couple living in Panama recently in Medellín that told me they like the food better in Medellín.
History is arguable. It's true that Medellín doesn't have a historical area like Casco Viejo in Panama. Medellín's historical sites are more spread out and aren't concentrated and aren't well covered in the tourist guidebooks that are uniformly poor in their coverage of Medellín. But Medellín has many historical sites particularly its historical churches that have been covered on this website.
JeffM August 2, 2016 at 2:06 pm
I was in Panama City and around the country last December and it was nearly as expensive as the US. Of course, that was only as a tourist. I paid over $100 for a meal for 2 several times…not many drinks either. Using the dollar as their currency has advantages, but we can't take advantage of relative currency differences and definitely not the devaluations that have occurred over 2 years. PC is a much more international city and also caterers to sophisticated tourists who want a Latin American experience lite. Yes, once you get away from the major metro area, prices drop, but the same occurs in Colombia. That said, our time in the San Blas islands was amazing.
Andy August 3, 2016 at 1:51 pm
Jeff, I really like these city comparison articles you've been putting out. Good work. Wondering if you can put out a Lima vs. Medellin and a Lima vs. Bogota article in the future. I seem to recall that Dave used to live in Lima, so he would have good input in the comparison versus Medellin. As a suggestion, I'd be interested to add in some more "subjective" / "opinion" dimensions to the analysis. For example, I'd be interested in a section describing what people (and society) in general are like in each city. For example, anecdotally from my perspective in a stereo-typical sense, I'd say that Lima society is more classist (from what I've experienced personally and understanding that is a product of Peru's history), than both Bogota and Medellin (even though both Peru and Colombia, and all countries have their issues with classism)….but I'd be interested to hear more perspectives from expats. I realize that an article containing sensitive topics such as classism (or any other subjective topics) could raise some passions, but still these are things myself and other expats could have interest in knowing when visiting the cities. Thanks
Jeff August 3, 2016 at 3:12 pm
Thanks. The city comparisons have been very popular so I plan to do at least a few more. Comparing to Lima is a very good suggestion. I have been to Lima a few times and I also have a friend living there so I could easily do a comparison of Lima to Medellín and perhaps Bogotá.
RC November 29, 2016 at 11:20 am
I would say Lima would compare more to Bogota based on size and population, but with Medellin being smaller, I guess it could be a good look at the two
E. Hainz August 5, 2016 at 3:03 am
I lived in downtown Panama City for two years and it was basically unlivable. The traffic, noise, and pollution were unbearable. PC is very inconvenient in so many aspects I'd rather live in the U.S. Like this article notes it's not really cheaper to live in PC so that right there practically eliminates it from any competition. Also, Panama City gets a lot of rain for about 7 months straight, I don't miss that AT ALL. I also visited the rest of Panama and it consists of mainly small towns and I'm not a small town person. Bottom line: If you want to live in Panama City you're going to have to deal with many inconveniences that you wouldn't have to deal with in even the biggest American cities or their suburbs.
I am going to check out Medellin for six months starting this November. I'm looking forward to the moderate weather, the cheaper prices, the better service and shopping. Medellin looks very nice from many standpoints but like this article says it's best to try it for 6 months or a year before deciding to move there permanently. I'm hoping I will like Medellin enough to at least live there during the winter months, that alone would be fantastic for my lifestyle. Anything longer would be icing on the cake!
George November 19, 2017 at 12:18 pm
Well, almost 16 months later, what do you think?
Marc August 5, 2016 at 11:42 am
I ruled out Panama City because of the trash. I thought PC was a dirty city. In contrast I was blown away by the cleanliness of Medellin. Just my two cents.
I agree with you. Medellín is the cleanest city I have been to in Latin America. For example, I'm amazed at how clean the Medellín metro is considering it's 20 years old.
Don August 7, 2016 at 3:28 pm
Hi Jeff,
I really enjoyed the article. I am in Medellin now. I am leaving in 2 weeks but will return in January for a longer stay. I have been to Panama City and agree with you that, for me, Medellin es mejor.
dan August 8, 2016 at 12:00 am
The homicide rate in Panama was actually 9.3 in 2015 and not the 12.0 you wrote above.
Not sure how a city with double the homicide rate is Arguable safer or how you came to that conclusion.
Jeff August 8, 2016 at 7:31 am
The homicide rate in Panama in 2015 was 12.0 – see this article in Spanish: http://www.elheraldo.hn/mundo/921928-466/bajan-homicidios-en-panam%C3%A1-pero-sigue-percepci%C3%B3n-inseguridad.
In terms of safety I said "Panama City arguably wins here. Panama City generally has lower crime rates than are found in the much bigger city of Medellín." I said Panama City wins this safety category.
But in both cities take care and don't go out with all that jewelry on and don't flash cell phones and money. Also keep in mind that lifestyle plays a significant role in safety.
dan August 11, 2016 at 4:49 am
BBC has it at 9.3 in 2015.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-34378636
I agree you have to take care in any latin american country regarding flashing wealth and your lifestyle is a huge contributing factor.
I think you should only go from raw statitics if you can.
Personally, I prefer Medellin
Thanks for the analysis and interesting articles.
Look at that date on that BBC article. It's from September 2015 so it's not the homicide rate for the full year last year. It's only for nine months. The article I referenced has the homicide rate for Panama for the full year.
Louise August 9, 2016 at 8:43 am
It would be helpful if in the climate category you could also cover humidity levels and rainfall. Panama City is indeed hotter (which for some of us is a good thing!), but is also extremely humid and has an eight month rainy season when it rains at least once every day.
Hi Louise,
Thanks. I added information about humidity and rainfall in the climate category. Panama City has pretty oppressive humidity.
Arnold Semmons August 12, 2016 at 6:44 pm
All the statistics are interesting, but the most important thing to me is the people. I've been to Panama 4 times, and Medellin 8 times. In my humble opinion, the Colombian people are much nicer, friendlier, etc., than anything I've seen in Panama. It's just a cultural difference, and others will disagree, but that's how I see it. People in Colombia are just happier and more polite, and it rubs off on you. Medellin (or Colombia in general), I could see myself living in. But after 4 times in Panama, I have no desire to go back.
Jeff August 12, 2016 at 9:09 pm
I agree with you. In general people in Colombia are happier and more polite in my experience. In fact, Colombia regularly places near the top in global happiness surveys.
For example, here's a survey in 2015 from WIN/Gallup where Colombia was ranked as the happiest country in the world: http://www.wingia.com/web/files/richeditor/filemanager/WINGIA_Final_Press_Release_EOY_2015.pdf.
Deb at headout August 20, 2016 at 2:55 pm
Wow! Nice article. I would not have visited Medellin if I had not read it. But I am back now and yes, the people were so very polite. I do not know the language and many times could not understand what was said to me by the corner guy, but they always had a smile and took their time trying to understand my hand wavings. I'd go back again just for how they laughed at me. It made me laugh at myself, and that can change your outlook on life!
Andrew Hudson March 30, 2017 at 2:23 pm
I appreciate these comparisons and I find them very informative. I have only one gripe. I have been to neither city and Medellin has always looked like an awesome place, but I am an ocean person. So to just say "Panama City obviously has many water activities." is doing it a bit of an injustice. Water activities include everything from surfing, sailing, boating, fishing diving, even just relaxing at the beach. In my opinion, having water in a place changes the whole dynamic and lifestyle. While I do understand that some people are more mountain-minded, but paragliding and riding ATVs do not provide a whole lifestyle in the same way that having an ocean or bay does. That being said, I've always wanted to live in Medellin for a while, but I know that ultimately – with no ocean I don't think I could live there.
Jeff March 30, 2017 at 5:41 pm
The Caribbean beaches are only an hour flight from Medellín. Also there is near to Medellín the huge lake at Guatapé that has many water activities, many in Medellín go there for the weekends. It's only about a 2-hour drive from Medellín.
It's a trade-off. You have to decide what is more important to you. Beach locations will typically have a higher cost of living and hotter climate. Or you can have a lower cost of living and better climate in Medellín and visit beaches on vacation.
Andrew Hudson March 31, 2017 at 8:34 am
Great information! I didn't know about Guatape – For example, surfers aren't going to relocate to Medellin permanently. But I do like its centrality of being able to fly to Caribbean beaches or other surf spots in South/Central America. Again, I love the blog and the city comparisons. Thanks!
Don March 30, 2017 at 10:43 pm
Last time I checked water activities includes lakes and rivers. As someone who lives at the beach, I find rivers and lakes a refreshing experience.
Gary Gausman April 9, 2017 at 8:43 pm
Jeff- thanks much for your comparison articles!! I've seen the following comment a few times, but haven't grasped the meaning (e.g., is it a "positive" or a "negative"):
"I have lived in Colombia for over six years. But I have paid Colombian income taxes only one year that were less than 10 percent of the income taxes I paid in the U.S. "
Jeff April 10, 2017 at 8:25 am
It can be a negative as there are other countries that don't tax worldwide income like Colombia does like Panama. But that is easily balanced out by the low cost of living in Colombia. If I added this income tax I paid in Colombia to the rent I pay, the total is still less than the rent I'd pay in the U.S. for a similar apartment. The income taxes I paid in Colombia are another cost of living but it's not that much.
This happened since I'm married and have most of the income and Colombia doesn't have married filing jointly like in the U.S., so I essentially file as single in Colombia and there is only a small deduction for dependent support. When I was single I didn't have to pay any income taxes in Colombia since I paid higher income taxes in the U.S., which are deducted from income taxes due in Colombia. It really depends on you personal situation if you'll have to pay income taxes in Colombia..
Sonny April 26, 2017 at 4:32 pm
Do you know how tolerant these respective cities are of African-Americans? I am staying in Bogota mid-May. I wish to stay an additional 2 days in either Medellin, Cartagena or Panama City. For perspective, I'm a 36yr old investment banker who prefers upscale hotels (I am staying at the Four Seasons in Bogota and will either stay at the Sofitel in Cartagena or the Waldorf in PC). That said, I do prefer exploring non-touristy areas and would likely visit a bar or nightclub. I've read a ton of mixed reviews and am more confused now than ever.
Jeff April 27, 2017 at 1:55 pm
Hi Sonny, this video should help posted on this site back in 2013 – http://medellinliving.com/black-colombia/.
Cartagena has a higher percentage of African Americans than Medellín. I would say that Panama City possibly has a lower percentage based on my trips there.
Rob December 19, 2017 at 12:58 am
Jeff, I like your articles and recently was looking into retiring in Medallion. However, recent info on taxation of pension benefits has changed my mind. You stated there is not double taxation, and thiso is technically correct, but one can understand why others may feel there is. What there is is Additional taxation of one's social security and pension benefits. For example, the U.S. taxes a max of 85% of social security. The 15% that they don't tax, Colombia does tax. There is no zero tax level for foreign pensions, only Colombian pensions, so we immediately move up to the 19% bracket, with a soon to follow 28% bracket. If we pay the U.S. say 15%, then the difference will be owed in Colombian taxes. You mix income in with pensions when they are not treated the same. You earn an income and do not as yet qualify for SSAN, as you have admitted. Additional concerns surround Colombian taxes on overall net worth of around 3%. In addition, though the U.S. and Colombia share tax info, they still do not have a formal agreement. This means that an Expat retiring there may become ineligible for social security after being there for more than 183 Days! There is a limited number of countries that have entered into this agreement. Costa Rican and Panama have done so, but Colombia has not. Those establishing residency in those countries that have not entered into an agreement can, and probably will see their Social Security checks stopped and held! I cannot consider moving there under these oppressive conditions regardless of how nice the weather is there.
BRUCE GALLO January 1, 2018 at 7:24 am
Hi Jeff, We have been to Medellin twice both in 2016. Building Cranes were every where. We are planning another trip this April. As we understand it Laurelas (sp) And Sabaneta have grown in popularity. Is there any other areas we should research (searching for that next hot spot lol) Panama is also on our list BUT the HIGH humidity and higher prices will probably result in short visit . we plan on Buying an apartment in Colombia so any input would be greatly appreciated.
Alan January 2, 2018 at 9:49 pm
Hello Bruce,
You might want to check out Belen. It's becoming more and more popular among foreigners and is conveniently located near Laureles.
The Best Places to Run a Mile in Laureles


text:
package org.chocosolver.memory.trailing;

import org.chocosolver.memory.*;
import org.chocosolver.memory.structure.Operation;
import org.chocosolver.memory.trailing.trail.*;
import org.chocosolver.memory.trailing.trail.chunck.*;
import org.chocosolver.memory.trailing.trail.flatten.*;
import org.chocosolver.memory.trailing.trail.unsafe.UnsafeBoolTrail;
import org.chocosolver.memory.trailing.trail.unsafe.UnsafeDoubleTrail;
import org.chocosolver.memory.trailing.trail.unsafe.UnsafeIntTrail;
import org.chocosolver.memory.trailing.trail.unsafe.UnsafeLongTrail;

/**
 * The root class for managing memory and sessions.
 *

 * A environment is associated to each problem.
 * It is responsible for managing backtrackable data.
 */
public final class EnvironmentTrailing extends AbstractEnvironment {

    /**
     * The maximum numbers of worlds that a
     * {@link org.chocosolver.memory.IStorage} can handle.
     */
    private int maxWorld = 100; //1000;

    /**
     * The maximum numbers of updates that a
     * {@link org.chocosolver.memory.IStorage} can handle.
     */
    private static final int MaxHist = 5000;

    //Contains all the {@link IStorage} trails for
    // storing different kinds of data.

    private IStoredIntTrail intTrail;
    private IStoredBoolTrail boolTrail;
    private IStoredLongTrail longTrail;
    private IStoredDoubleTrail doubleTrail;
    private IOperationTrail operationTrail;

    private StoredIntVectorTrail intVectorTrail;
    private StoredDoubleVectorTrail doubleVectorTrail;

    /**
     * Contains all the {@link org.chocosolver.memory.IStorage} trails for
     * storing different kinds of data.
     */
    private ITrailStorage[] trails;
    private int trailSize;

    /**
     * Constructs a new IEnvironment with
     * the default stack sizes : 50000 and 1000.
     */

    public EnvironmentTrailing() {
        super(Type.FLAT);
        trails = new ITrailStorage[0];
        trailSize = 0;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void worldPush() {
        //code optim.: replace loop by enumeration
        final int wi = currentWorld + 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < trailSize; i++) {
            trails[i].worldPush(wi);
        }
        currentWorld++;
        if (wi == maxWorld - 1) {
            resizeWorldCapacity(maxWorld * 3 / 2);
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void worldPop() {
        //code optim.: replace loop by enumeration
        final int wi = currentWorld;
        for (int i = trailSize - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            trails[i].worldPop(wi);
        }
        currentWorld--;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void worldCommit() {
        //code optim.: replace loop by enumeration;
        if (currentWorld == 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Commit in world 0?");
        }
        final int wi = currentWorld;
        for (int i = trailSize; i >= 0; i--) {
            trails[i].worldCommit(wi);
        }
        currentWorld--;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IStateInt makeInt() {
        return makeInt(0);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IStateInt makeInt(final int initialValue) {
        return new StoredInt(this, initialValue);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IStateBool makeBool(final boolean initialValue) {
        return new StoredBool(this, initialValue);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IStateIntVector makeIntVector(final int size, final int initialValue) {
        return new StoredIntVector(this, size, initialValue);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IStateDoubleVector makeDoubleVector(final int size, final double initialValue) {
        return new StoredDoubleVector(this, size, initialValue);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IStateDouble makeFloat() {
        return makeFloat(Double.NaN);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IStateDouble makeFloat(final double initialValue) {
        return new StoredDouble(this, initialValue);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IStateLong makeLong() {
        return makeLong(0);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public IStateLong makeLong(final long init) {
        return new StoredLong(this, init);
    }

    private void increaseTrail() {// TODO check resizing
        ITrailStorage[] tmp = trails;
        trails = new ITrailStorage[tmp.length + 1];
        System.arraycopy(tmp, 0, trails, 0, tmp.length);
    }

    public IStoredIntTrail getIntTrail() {
        if (intTrail == null) {
            switch (type) {
                case FLAT:
                    intTrail = new StoredIntTrail(MaxHist, maxWorld);
                    break;
                case CHUNK:
                    intTrail = new StoredIntChunckTrail(maxWorld);
                    break;
                case UNSAFE:
                    intTrail = new UnsafeIntTrail(maxWorld);
                    break;
            }
            increaseTrail();
            trails[trailSize++] = intTrail;
        }
        return intTrail;
    }

    public IStoredLongTrail getLongTrail() {
        if (longTrail == null) {
            switch (type) {
                case FLAT:
                    longTrail = new StoredLongTrail(MaxHist, maxWorld);
                    break;
                case CHUNK:
                    longTrail = new StoredLongChunckTrail(maxWorld);
                    break;
                case UNSAFE:
                    longTrail = new UnsafeLongTrail(maxWorld);
                    break;
            }

            increaseTrail();
            trails[trailSize++] = longTrail;
        }
        return longTrail;
    }

    public IStoredBoolTrail getBoolTrail() {
        if (boolTrail == null) {
            switch (type) {
                case FLAT:
                    boolTrail = new StoredBoolTrail(MaxHist, maxWorld);
                    break;
                case CHUNK:
                    boolTrail = new StoredBoolChunckTrail(maxWorld);
                    break;
                case UNSAFE:
                    boolTrail = new UnsafeBoolTrail(maxWorld);
                    break;
            }

            increaseTrail();
            trails[trailSize++] = boolTrail;
        }
        return boolTrail;
    }

    public IStoredDoubleTrail getDoubleTrail() {
        if (doubleTrail == null) {
            switch (type) {
                case FLAT:
                    doubleTrail = new StoredDoubleTrail(MaxHist, maxWorld);
                    break;
                case CHUNK:
                    doubleTrail = new StoredDoubleChunckTrail(maxWorld);
                    break;
                case UNSAFE:
                    doubleTrail = new UnsafeDoubleTrail(maxWorld);
                    break;
            }
            increaseTrail();
            trails[trailSize++] = doubleTrail;
        }
        return doubleTrail;
    }

    public IOperationTrail getOperationTrail() {
        if (operationTrail == null) {
            switch (type) {
                case FLAT:
                    operationTrail = new OperationTrail(MaxHist, maxWorld);
                    break;
                case CHUNK:
                case UNSAFE:
                    operationTrail = new OperationChunckTrail(maxWorld);
                    break;
            }
            increaseTrail();
            trails[trailSize++] = operationTrail;
        }
        return operationTrail;
    }

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // SPECIFIC DATA STRUCTURES                                                                                //
    // NOTE: this data structures should not be used...
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    public StoredIntVectorTrail getIntVectorTrail() {
        if (intVectorTrail == null) {
            intVectorTrail = new StoredIntVectorTrail(this, MaxHist, maxWorld);
            increaseTrail();
            trails[trailSize++] = intVectorTrail;
        }
        return intVectorTrail;
    }

    public StoredDoubleVectorTrail getDoubleVectorTrail() {
        if (doubleVectorTrail == null) {
            doubleVectorTrail = new StoredDoubleVectorTrail(this, MaxHist, maxWorld);
            increaseTrail();
            trails[trailSize++] = doubleVectorTrail;
        }
        return doubleVectorTrail;
    }

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    private void resizeWorldCapacity(final int newWorldCapacity) {
        for (final ITrailStorage trail : trails) {
            trail.resizeWorldCapacity(newWorldCapacity);
        }
        maxWorld = newWorldCapacity;
    }

    public void save(Operation oldValue) {
        getOperationTrail().savePreviousState(oldValue);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Police investigating near BPD station after person shot in Dorchester
Boston police are investigating after a person was shot in Dorchester late Sunday night.
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One person was shot and killed during a brazen daytime shooting in Mattapan on Sunday, police said.
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Boston Police are seeking the public's help in identifying a suspect in connection to a commercial breaking and entering in Roxbury on Friday.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
María Luisa Femenías (Buenos Aires, 18 de agosto de 1950) es una filósofa feminista argentina, académica, investigadora y escritora. Pionera en los estudios de género en Argentina, en sus proyectos de investigación ha trabajado la noción de sujeto e identidad centrándose en cuestiones de multiculturalidad, exclusión y conocimiento situado además de sobre la violencia contra las mujeres en América Latina. Su trabajo fue clave para la consolidación del "Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género" de la Universidad Nacional de la Plata. En 2016 recibió el premio nacional Fundación Konex.

Trayectoria
Estudió Filosofía en la Universidad de Buenos Aires y se doctoró en Filosofía Teórica en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid con una tesis dirigida por Celia Amorós sobre el pensamiento aristotélico publicada en 1996 con el título de Interioridad y Exclusión: Un modelo para desarmar (Buenos Aires, 1996). En 1990-1991 fue miembro del seminario Feminismo e Ilustración creado por Celia Amorós.

Ha desarrollado su trayectoria académica en la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Fue catedrática de Antropología filosófica en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (1997-2016)  y de Derechos Humanos de las Mujeres (2011-2019) en la Facultad de Derecho de la misma universidad. En la actualidad es Profesora Consulta de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. También imparte cursos y conferencias en América Latina y Europa: ha sido profesora visitante de la Freie Universität Berlin, la Université de Toulouse, Berkeley y Perugia. Además obtuvo becas Fulbright, Erasmus, Complutense y DAAD.

En sus proyectos de investigación ha trabajado la noción de sujeto e identidad centrándose en cuestiones de multiculturalidad, exclusión y conocimiento situado. También ha trabajado sobre el pensamiento de la filósofa post-estructuralista Judith Butler y sobre la violencia contra las mujeres en América Latina.

Estudios de género
Femenías es cofundadora del Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. También es cofundadora y directora de 2008-2016 del Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Género de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata además de creadora-directora de la especialización en educación en géneros y sexualidades en la Universidad Nacional de La Plata.

A lo largo de su trayectoria ha participado de numerosas publicaciones en revistas y libros colectivos. En 1988 participó en la creación de la revista Hiparquia, una publicación de la Asociación Argentina de Mujeres en Filosofía (AAMEF) y desde1992 hasta 2017 fue miembro del consejo editorial de la revista Mora.

Sobre las categorías, mujer, género y feminismo considera que las tres tienen un valor en su contexto:

Yo diría que son tres variables distintas y no despreciaría ninguna. Creo que es importante hacer historia de las mujeres, porque siempre estuvimos a lo largo de la historia pero hubo mecanismos históricos que han invisibilizado su presencia.  Cuando hago reclamo por derechos igualitarios ya estoy sumergida en una postura feminista, que puede incluir o no lo otro; y de la misma manera, cuando estoy desvinculando la noción de naturaleza y de cultura como una relación no necesaria y causal, entonces estoy entrando dentro del espacio de gender. Por eso, cuando digo violencia contra las mujeres no es violencia de género. Porque cuando yo quemo a una mujer, estoy quemando a una mujer, pero cuando discrimino a una persona que tiene una elección sexual no mayoritaria, estoy haciendo gender, sea varón o sea mujer.

También es violencia la que nosotras tenemos marcada cotidianamente como femicidios, con todos estos casos de incendiar a mujeres es claramente contra mujeres. En cambio, cuando hay muchas veces agresión sexual puede haber contra niñas y/ o contra niños o adolescentes jóvenes cuya elección sexual no está clara todavía, a veces por la edad o porque su preferencia no es la hegemónica. Ese es otro tipo de violencia, siempre la relación de jerarquización, un superior hegemónico contra un inferior minoritario que se define de diferentes maneras.

Violencia de género
Femenías indica que existen estructuras sociales que habilitan y facilitan la violencia en general y contra las mujeres en particular. Estas categorías no deben entenderse como compartimentos estancos o cerrados. La filósofa sostiene que no hay que generar categorías que se excluyan, por ejemplo racismo versus sexismo. El sexismo implica racismo, y viceversa - considera-  Hay que flexibilizar algunas miradas y ver que la violencia desborda la categoría en que se ubique. La idea, de la defensa de los derechos no es estática. Frente a esto, Femenías propone estudiar las nuevas formas de violencia.

Premios y reconocimientos
 2016 recibió un Premio Nacional Fundación Konex, otorgado anualmente las personalidades o instituciones argentinas más distinguidas en todas las ramas del quehacer nacional que sirvan de ejemplo a la juventud.  Diploma Mérito en la Categoría Humanidades en "Estudios de Género".

Publicaciones
Entre sus publicaciones destacan Judith Butler:Introducción a su lectura (1956) 2003; Feminismos de París a La Plata (2006), Perfiles del feminismo iberoamericano, volúmenes 1, 2 y 3. (Años 2002, 2005 y 2007), y Feminist Philosophy in Latin America and Spain (2007), publicado con Amy Oliver.

Libros
 Ellas lo pensaron antes. Filósofas excluidas de la memoria. (2019) Buenos Aires, LEA. ISBN 978-987-718-643-7
Antropología filosófica (para no-filósofos). (2016)   Buenos Aires, Waldhuter, (En colaboración) ISBN 978-987-45955-3-9
 Violencia y aspectos del discurso jurídico. (2014)  Rosario, Prohistoria. ISBN 978-987-1855-92-6
 Multiculturalismo, identidad y violencia, (2013) Rosario, Prohistoria, ISBN 978-987-1855-58-9.
 Los ríos subterráneos. Violencias cotidianas. (2013) Rosario, Prohistoria, ISBN 978-987-1855-58-2.
 El género del multiculturalismo, (2007)  Bernal, UNQui, ISBN 978-987-558-115-9.
 Sobre sujeto y género. (Re)Lecturas feministas desde Beauvoir a Butler, (2011)  Rosario, Pro-historia. ISBN 978-987-1855** (Edición ampliada y corregida de la edición de 2000 de la obra, infra).
 Judith Butler (1956), (2003) Madrid, Ediciones Clásicas. ISBN 84-7923-313-3
 Judith Butler: Introducción a su lectura, (2003) Buenos Aires, Catálogos. ISBN 950-895-143-5
 Sobre sujeto y género. Lecturas feministas desde Beauvoir a Butler, (2000) Buenos Aires, Catálogos, 2000, ISBN 950-895-087-0
 ¿Aristóteles filósofo del lenguaje? (2001)  Buenos Aires, Catálogos ISBN 950-895-105-2
 Inferioridad y Exclusión (Un modelo para desarmar), (1996)  Buenos Aires, Grupo Editor Latinoamericano, Colección Nuevo Hacer. Prólogo de Celia Amorós Puente ISBN 950-694-481-4
 Cómo leer a Aristóteles, (1994) Madrid, Júcar, ISBN 84-334-0819-4

Compilaciones
 Violencia contra las mujeres: La subversión de los discursos, (2016)  Rosario, Pro-historia, ISBN 978-987- 3864-23-0 (En colaboración)
 Violencias cruzadas: Miradas y perspectivas, (2015)  Rosario, Pro-historia, ISBN 978-987- 3864-17-9
 Judith Butler: Las identidades del sujeto opaco, (2015) Con Ariel Martínez, La Plata, Editorial de la FHCE. ISBN 978-950-34-1165-0
 Judith Butler, su filosofía a debate, (2013)  Buenos Aires, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (UBA), ISBN 978-987-3617-03-4 (en colaboración)
 Una visión crítica de la enseñanza de la filosofía, (2012) Buenos Aires, Catálogos (E-book). ISBN 978-950-985-301-8 (En colaboración)
 Saberes Situados / Teorías Trashumantes, (2011) La Plata, CINIG-IdIHCS, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la educación, ISBN 978-978-20132-1-9 (en colaboración)
 Simone de Beauvoir: Las encrucijadas de "el otro sexo", (2010) La Plata, Edulp. ISBN 978-950-34-0665-6 (en colaboración)
 Articulaciones sobre violencia contra las mujeres, (2008) con Élida Aponte La Plata, Edulp, ISBN 978-950-34-0473-7 (En colaboración)
 Perfiles Feminismo Iberoamericano / 3, (2007) Catálogos, ISBN 978-950-895-248-6.
 Feminist Philosophy in Latin America and  (2007)  Rodopi, Series Philosophy in , ISBN 978-90-420-2207-2 (en colaboración)
 Feminismos: De Paris a La Plata (comp.), (2006) Buenos Aires, Catálogos. ISBN 950-895-213-X
 Perfiles del Feminismo Iberoamericano / 2 , (2005) Buenos Aires, Catálogos, ISBN 950-895-188-5
 Perfiles del Feminismo Iberoamericano / 1 (2002), Buenos Aires, Catálogos, ISBN 950-895-130-3
 Mujeres y filosofía: Teoría filosófica de género. (1994) Buenos Aires, CEAL, 2 v. (en colaboración)

Artículos
 Dos paradigmas del cuerpo: En búsqueda de un locus para el "sujeto", en Labrys, Études féministes/estudos feministas, janeiro/ junho 2016 - janvier/juillet 2016.
 La Utopía feminista como transgresión Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura, v. 23.1 (2013).  Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
 Violencias del mundo global: inscripciones e identidades esencializadas" en Pensamiento Iberoamericano, nº 9 (2.ª Época), 2011/12, pp. 85-108,
 Panorama del feminismo en América Latina" (coordinadora), Labrys, 20, 2011, Universidade de Brasilía, julho-.dezembro.
 Simone de Beauvoir en la tradición ilustrada del ensayo feminista", en Jornada de Homenaje a Simone de Beauvoir a 100 años de su nacimiento.
 Dossier: Jornada de Homenaje a Simone de Beauvoir. A 100 años de su nacimiento. Compilación y presentación: Beatriz Cagnolati y María Luisa Femenías (2009).
 El juego de las identidades; ciudadanía y exclusión" Labrys, 13  (enero - julio de 2008) Editora: Tania Navarro Swain (Universidade de Brasilía).
 Coordinadora del Foro de Debate sobre "Vetas de Ilustración" de Cèlia Amorós (conferencias plenarias) del IXº Jornadas Nacionales y Historia de las Mujeres y IV Congreso Iberoamericano de Estudios de Género, Universidad Nacional de Rosario - Universitat de les Illes Balears, julio-agosto, 2008.
 Construcción y deconstrucción de identidades: Algunas observaciones en torno a la violencia" Labrys, 10 (julio-diciembre de 2006), Editoria: Tania Navarro Swain (Universidade de Brasilía). Disponible en:
 Feminismos en la Argentina" Dossier, compiladora. Labrys, 8 (julio-diciembre de 2005), Tania Navarro Swain (ed.) (Universidade de Brasilía).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 María Luisa Femenías entrevistada por Oliva Portolés Investigaciones feministas nº 5 2014

Filósofas feministas
Filósofas de Argentina
Investigadoras de Argentina
Investigadoras sobre violencia de género
Feminismo de la igualdad
Científicas de Argentina
Filósofos analíticos
Ensayistas de Argentina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


But, what they had found is that when a New Jersey or New York foreclosed house goes vacant… there is a much greater chance that the house will fall into disrepair. Often times the bank would rather have you in the property even after you stop paying your payments and the foreclosure is started because it wards of vandals and keeps the house in good working order.
Staying in the property can help the bank maintain the value of their investment, so it's actually in their best interests to keep it occupied. Partly because of the ways that the foreclosure laws are structured in New Jersey and New York, banks may ask you to leave while wanting you to stay.
4) Rent it back. It may sound crazy, but some banks are willing to take on previous homeowners as tenants in their property. That's only a short-term fix, as they'll want your agreement to vacate the premises as soon as they find someone to purchase the property.
We buy local New Jersey houses like yours from people who need to sell fast.


text:
Kbelnice  est une commune du district de Jičín, dans la région de Hradec Králové, en République tchèque. Sa population s'élevait à  habitants en 2022.

Géographie
Kbelnice se trouve à  au nord-nord-est du centre de Jičín, à  au nord-ouest de Hradec Králové et à  au nord-est de Prague.

La commune est limitée par Podůlší au nord, par Jičín à l'est et au sud, et par Brada-Rybníček à l'ouest.

Histoire
La première mention écrite de la localité date de 1322.

L'ossuaire du combat de Jičín de la guerre austro-prussienne de 1866 est situé au-dessus du village sur la route de Jičín à Turnov au milieu du cimetière militaire. Il a été construit en 1904-1906.

Transports
Par la route, Kbelnice se trouve à  de Jičín, à  de Hradec Králové et à  de Prague.

Notes et références

Commune dans le district de Jičín


We possess a broad range of skills and a lot of experience across a many industries whilst remaining lean, flexible, great value for money and highly motivated. Those are the ingredients that make us an attractive option for large organisations. If you want something doing quickly and efficiently then we're here to help. Not only can you keep your head count down but your budget isn't going to be blown either.
As with most of our projects this client came to us because they didn't have the necessary skills or resources in-house to deliver the project in the timescales provided. Even though American Express is a huge multi national company they outsource work because they invite external tenders for their work. This policy keeps internal departments on their toes (because they have to quote too) and ensures that the company remains competitive.
Managing with real time information that is clear and useable, but taken direct from your corporate database.


We have a very small program called UltraVNC that you can download here that allows us to remotely control your Windows computer (after you let us in, of course). It's slick and very easy.
You can watch as we move around your desktop and assist you with just about anything. When we are done, we disconnect and will not be able to reconnect to your computer unless you invite us in again later.
For those interested, UltraVNC is free and is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence.
Read more about it on their site.
This section shows more information about the Red Condor daily Spam Digest email and how to use the Personal Dashboard.
Want to be able to build your own PDF files from any document or report in your computer? Check it out on our CutePDF information page.
Download the installer for VFP7 in a ZIP file or EXE file.


text:
Current: Legendary Executive Producer/Writer Chuck Lorre to be Inducted Into NAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame
Legendary Executive Producer/Writer Chuck Lorre to be Inducted Into NAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame
--"The Big Bang Theory," "Mom" and "Two and a Half Men" Creator and "Mike & Molly" Executive Producer to Be Honored Monday, April 18, at the 2016 NAB Show Television Luncheon--
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) announced today that legendary executive producer/writer Chuck Lorre � the creative force behind the Warner Bros. Television hit broadcast comedies "The Big Bang Theory," "Mom," "Mike & Molly" and "Two and a Half Men" for CBS � will be inducted into the NAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame at the 2016 NAB Show Television Luncheon on Monday, April 18, in Las Vegas.
As a writer, creator and executive producer, Lorre has been the driving force behind some of the top comedies on television. He is co-creator/executive producer of the blockbuster hit �The Big Bang Theory,� TV�s #1 entertainment series among Total Viewers and #1 comedy among Adults 18�49, as well as the critically acclaimed �Mom,� starring Anna Faris and Allison Janney, which was honored as a recipient at the Television Academy Honors in 2014.
Lorre is also executive producer of �Mike & Molly,� starring Billy Gardell and Melissa McCarthy, which completes its six-year run this spring, and he was previously co-creator/executive producer of the hit �Two and a Half Men,� which aired for twelve seasons and was one of TV�s longest-running comedies. Before that, Lorre created hits such as �Cybill,� �Dharma & Greg� and �Grace Under Fire,� and he also served as co-executive producer on �Roseanne.�
�An artist in the prime of his career, Chuck Lorre is a legendary television writer and producer,� said NAB Executive Vice President of Television Marcellus Alexander. �His biting wit and memorable characters have become a part of our culture and defined an era of scripted comedies for Warner Bros. Television and CBS � comedies that remind us, on a weekly basis, of the scale and power of broadcast television.�
In 2015, Lorre harnessed that power by spearheading the establishment of �The Big Bang Theory� Scholarship Endowment at UCLA to support undergraduate students in need of financial aid who are pursuing their higher education in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). The endowment has raised more than $4 million and supports a class of 20 scholars for the 2015�16 academic year, with an additional five scholars to be added in each future year � in perpetuity.
Throughout his career, Lorre has become known for expressing his thoughts and views through personal messages in the split-second vanity cards which appear at the end of episodes of his shows. Select cards were compiled into a book, released in 2012, titled �What Doesn�t Kill Us Makes Us Bitter.� All of Lorre�s proceeds from the sale of the book benefit many health care�related charities and educational efforts.
Lorre got his start as a guitarist/singer, touring the country and writing pop songs, including Debbie Harry�s Top 40 hit �French Kissin� in the USA,� before turning his attention to television. He wrote animation scripts for DIC and Marvel Productions, then wrote and produced themes and scores for several animated series, including �Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.� A spec primetime script soon led to freelance work on the syndicated comedy �Charles in Charge� and, eventually, a staff job on �My Two Dads.�
In recognition of his career accomplishments, Lorre has received numerous industry accolades, including the NATPE Brandon Tartikoff Legacy Award, Television Showman of the Year at the 46th Annual ICG Publicists Awards Ceremony and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2012, he was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame.
�Scandal� and �Grey�s Anatomy� creator/executive producer Shonda Rhimes joined the Hall of Fame in 2015. Previous NAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame television inductees include �Everybody Loves Raymond,� �American Idol,� Betty White, Garry Marshall, �Meet The Press,� Bob Newhart, �The Tonight Show,� �Saturday Night Live,� Ted Koppel, �M*A*S*H,� �60 Minutes,� �The Today Show,� and �Star Trek.�
Twitter Pitch: Chuck Lorre to be inducted into @NABShow Hall of Fame: http://bit.ly/1VCHOHA @BigBang_CBS @MomCBS @mikeandmolly @TwoAndAHalfMen


text:
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    $('#overlay').fadeOut()
    $('#modal-login').fadeOut()
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    $('#modal-cadastro').fadeIn()
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text:
De CAF Champions League 2010 was de 14e editie van dit voetbaltoernooi. De titelhouder TP Mazembe uit Congo prolongeerde zijn titel door in de finale Espérance Sportive de Tunis met 6-1 over twee wedstrijden te verslaan en hierdoor zal TP Mazembe deelnemen aan het Wereldkampioenschap voetbal voor clubs 2010 in de Verenigde Arabische Emiraten

Voorronde
De heenwedstrijden werden op 12, 13 en 14 februari gespeeld, de terugwedstrijden op 26, 27 en 28 februari.

 * De clubs uit Benin en Sao Tomé en Principe trokken zich terug voor deelname.
Zes teams kregen vrije doorgang naar de volgende ronde: Al-Ahly (Egypte), ASEC Mimosas (Ivoorkust), Heartland FC (Nigeria), TP Mazembe (Congo), Al-Hilal Omdurman (Soedan) en Dynamos Harare (Zimbabwe).

Eerste Ronde
De heenwedstrijden werden op 19, 20 en 21 maart gespeeld, de terugwedstrijden op 2, 3 en 4 april.

Tweede Ronde
De heenwedstrijden werden op 23, 24 en 25 april gespeeld, de terugwedstrijden op 8 en 9 mei.

|}
 De verliezers plaatsten zich voor de CAF Confederation Cup 2010

Groepsfase
De acht winnaars van de tweede ronde werden in twee groepen van vier teams ingedeeld. De loting voor de groepsfase vond op 13 mei plaats in het hoofdkwartier van de CAF in Caïro.

De zes wedstrijden werden van 16-18 juli, 30 juli-1 augustus, 13-15 augustus, 27-29 augustus, 10-12 september en 17-19 september gespeeld.

Groep A

Groep B

Halve finale
De heenwedstrijden werden op 3 oktober gespeeld, de terugwedstrijden op 16 en 17 oktober.

|}

Finale

|}

Eerste wedstrijd

Tweede wedstrijd

CAF Champions League
CAF Champions League


text:
Q: jquery background image change fade out I'm working on some kind of jquery slider. It's almost standard NivoSlider, but i want to change basic images with my own controls.
So I have something like this:
HTML:

When you click on e.g. second li element, you change main image in slider and thumbnail. The first part works excellent, the second part looks like this (I am a beginner in javascript):
    $('.first').click(function(){
    $(this).css('background', 'url(img/slider/1min_a.jpg)');
    $('.second').css('background', 'url(img/slider/2min.jpg)');
    $('.third').css('background', 'url(img/slider/3min.jpg)');
    });

   $('.second').click(function(){
    $(this).css('background', 'url(img/slider/2min_a.jpg)');
    $('.first').css('background', 'url(img/slider/1min.jpg)');
    $('.third').css('background', 'url(img/slider/3min.jpg)');
    });

   $('.third').click(function(){
    $(this).css('background', 'url(img/slider/3min_a.jpg)');
    $('.first').css('background', 'url(img/slider/1min.jpg)');
    $('.second').css('background', 'url(img/slider/2min.jpg)');
    });

And I have two questions:
1. How can I make it as simple as possible?
2. How can I add fadeOut / fadeIn effect to prevent image "blink" on background change?

A: It is pretty simple.
Step 1.learn data attribute
step 2.Dont code the way you are doing.You shoud make a dynamic slideshow.
In your HTML :

Make sure you load all your Main image source while looping i.e by assigning data-bigimg attribute equal to full path of main image src to each thumb div.
$(document).on('click', '.thumbnail', function () {
    var img_src = $(this).attr('data-bigimg');
    $("#main_img").fadeOut(300,function(){
      $("#main_img").attr("src", img_src).fadeIn(500);//main_img is your main Slide show image.
     });
});

Explanation :

*

*on click of thumb you get the data attribute value .

*now you assign this img src to the main slideshow image

Change your html:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Coding
====================

Various coding styles have been used during the history of the codebase,
and the result is not very consistent. However, we're now trying to converge to
a single style, so please use it in new code. Old code will be converted
gradually.
- Basic rules specified in src/.clang-format. Use a recent clang-format-3.5 to format automatically.
  - Braces on new lines for namespaces, classes, functions, methods.
  - Braces on the same line for everything else.
  - 4 space indentation (no tabs) for every block except namespaces.
  - No indentation for public/protected/private or for namespaces.
  - No extra spaces inside parenthesis; don't do ( this )
  - No space after function names; one space after if, for and while.

Block style example:
```c++
namespace foo
{
class Class
{
    bool Function(char* psz, int n)
    {
        // Comment summarising what this section of code does
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            // When something fails, return early
            if (!Something())
                return false;
            ...
        }

        // Success return is usually at the end
        return true;
    }
}
}
```

Doxygen comments
-----------------

To facilitate the generation of documentation, use doxygen-compatible comment blocks for functions, methods and fields.

For example, to describe a function use:
```c++
/**
 * ... text ...
 * @param[in] arg1    A description
 * @param[in] arg2    Another argument description
 * @pre Precondition for function...
 */
bool function(int arg1, const char *arg2)
```
A complete list of `@xxx` commands can be found at http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/manual/commands.html.
As Doxygen recognizes the comments by the delimiters (`/**` and `*/` in this case), you don't
*need* to provide any commands for a comment to be valid; just a description text is fine.

To describe a class use the same construct above the class definition:
```c++
/**
 * Alerts are for notifying old versions if they become too obsolete and
 * need to upgrade. The message is displayed in the status bar.
 * @see GetWarnings()
 */
class CAlert
{
```

To describe a member or variable use:
```c++
int var; //!< Detailed description after the member
```

Also OK:
```c++
///
/// ... text ...
///
bool function2(int arg1, const char *arg2)
```

Not OK (used plenty in the current source, but not picked up):
```c++
//
// ... text ...
//
```

A full list of comment syntaxes picked up by doxygen can be found at http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/manual/docblocks.html,
but if possible use one of the above styles.

Development tips and tricks
---------------------------

**compiling for debugging**

Run configure with the --enable-debug option, then make. Or run configure with
CXXFLAGS="-g -ggdb -O0" or whatever debug flags you need.

**debug.log**

If the code is behaving strangely, take a look in the debug.log file in the data directory;
error and debugging messages are written there.

The -debug=... command-line option controls debugging; running with just -debug will turn
on all categories (and give you a very large debug.log file).

The Qt code routes qDebug() output to debug.log under category "qt": run with -debug=qt
to see it.

**testnet and regtest modes**

Run with the -testnet option to run with "play mitcoins" on the test network, if you
are testing multi-machine code that needs to operate across the internet.

If you are testing something that can run on one machine, run with the -regtest option.
In regression test mode, blocks can be created on-demand; see qa/rpc-tests/ for tests
that run in -regtest mode.

**DEBUG_LOCKORDER**

mitcoin Core is a multithreaded application, and deadlocks or other multithreading bugs
can be very difficult to track down. Compiling with -DDEBUG_LOCKORDER (configure
CXXFLAGS="-DDEBUG_LOCKORDER -g") inserts run-time checks to keep track of which locks
are held, and adds warnings to the debug.log file if inconsistencies are detected.

Locking/mutex usage notes
-------------------------

The code is multi-threaded, and uses mutexes and the
LOCK/TRY_LOCK macros to protect data structures.

Deadlocks due to inconsistent lock ordering (thread 1 locks cs_main
and then cs_wallet, while thread 2 locks them in the opposite order:
result, deadlock as each waits for the other to release its lock) are
a problem. Compile with -DDEBUG_LOCKORDER to get lock order
inconsistencies reported in the debug.log file.

Re-architecting the core code so there are better-defined interfaces
between the various components is a goal, with any necessary locking
done by the components (e.g. see the self-contained CKeyStore class
and its cs_KeyStore lock for example).

Threads
-------

- ThreadScriptCheck : Verifies block scripts.

- ThreadImport : Loads blocks from blk*.dat files or bootstrap.dat.

- StartNode : Starts other threads.

- ThreadDNSAddressSeed : Loads addresses of peers from the DNS.

- ThreadMapPort : Universal plug-and-play startup/shutdown

- ThreadSocketHandler : Sends/Receives data from peers on port 8555.

- ThreadOpenAddedConnections : Opens network connections to added nodes.

- ThreadOpenConnections : Initiates new connections to peers.

- ThreadMessageHandler : Higher-level message handling (sending and receiving).

- DumpAddresses : Dumps IP addresses of nodes to peers.dat.

- ThreadFlushWalletDB : Close the wallet.dat file if it hasn't been used in 500ms.

- ThreadRPCServer : Remote procedure call handler, listens on port 8332 for connections and services them.

- mitcoinMiner : Generates mitcoins (if wallet is enabled).

- Shutdown : Does an orderly shutdown of everything.

Pull Request Terminology
------------------------

Concept ACK - Agree with the idea and overall direction, but have neither reviewed nor tested the code changes.

utACK (untested ACK) - Reviewed and agree with the code changes but haven't actually tested them.

Tested ACK - Reviewed the code changes and have verified the functionality or bug fix.

ACK -  A loose ACK can be confusing. It's best to avoid them unless it's a documentation/comment only change in which case there is nothing to test/verify; therefore the tested/untested distinction is not there.

NACK - Disagree with the code changes/concept. Should be accompanied by an explanation.