The symbol ☞ is a punctuation mark, called an index, manicule (from the Latin root manus for "hand" and manicula for "little hand") or fist. Other names for the symbol include printer's fist, bishop's fist, digit, mutton-fist, hand, hand director, pointer, and pointing hand.
The symbol originates in scribal tradition of the medieval and Renaissance period, appearing in the margin of manuscripts to mark corrections or notes.
Manicules are first known to appear in the 12th century in handwritten manuscripts in Spain, and became common in the 14th and 15th centuries in Italy with some very elaborate with shading and artful cuffs. Some were playful and elaborate, but others were as simple as "two squiggly strokes suggesting the barest sketch of a pointing hand" and thus quick to draw.
After the popularization of the printing press starting in the 1450s, the handwritten version continued in handwritten form as a means to annotate printed documents. Early printers using a type representing the manicule included Mathias Huss and Johannes Schabeler in Lyons in their 1484 edition of Paulus Florentinus' Breviarum totius juris canonici.
In the modern period, the pointing hand became more popular in publications, advertising, and directional signage. Some fingerposts have relief-printed or even fully three-dimensional physical manifestations of pointing hands, The United States Postal Service has also used a pointing hand as a graphical indicator for its "Return to Sender" stamp.
In modern printing, it was used as a standard typographical symbol marking notes. The American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking (1894) treats it as the seventh in the standard sequence of footnote markers, following the paragraph sign (pilcrow).
Sherman (2005) argues that as the symbols became standardized, they were no longer reflective of individuality in comparison to other writing, and this explains their diminished popularity.
1865 wanted poster of John Wilkes Booth using index-fist character.
The typical use of the pointing hand is as a bullet-like symbol to direct the reader's attention to important text, having roughly the same meaning as the word "attention" or "note". It is used this way both by annotators and printers. Even in the first few centuries of use, it can be seen used to draw attention to specific text, such as a title (in some cases in the form of a row of manicules), inserted text, noteworthy passage, or sententiae. In some cases, flower marks and asterisks were used for similar purposes. Less commonly, in earlier centuries the pointing hand acted as a section divider with a pilcrow as paragraph divider; or more rarely as the paragraph divider itself.
Some encyclopedias use it in articles to cross-reference, as in ☞ other articles. It occasionally sees use in magazines and comic books to indicate to the reader that a story on the right-hand page continues onto the next.
In linguistics, the symbol is used in optimality theory tableaux to identify the winner in a candidate set.
American science fiction writer Kurt Vonnegut used the symbol as a form of margin on the first line of every paragraph in his novel Breakfast of Champions. The literary effect of this was to create separation between each paragraph, reinforcing the stream of consciousness style of the text.
Thomas Pynchon parodies this punctuation mark in his novel Gravity's Rainbow by depicting a middle finger, rather than an index finger, pointing at a line of text.
An upward pointing hand is often used in the mouse cursor in graphical user interfaces (such as those in Adobe Acrobat and Photoshop) to indicate an object that can be manipulated. The first is believed to be the Xerox Star. Many web browsers use an upward pointing hand cursor to indicate a clickable hyperlink. CSS 2.0 allows the "cursor" property to be set to "hand" or "pointer" to intentionally change the mouse cursor to this symbol when hovering over an object; "move" may produce a closed fisted hand. Many video games made in the 1980s and '90s, primarily text-based adventure games, also used these cursors.
Unicode 7.0 (2014) incorporated more indices from the Wingdings fonts.
1 2 Geoffrey Ashall Glaister s.v. "digit 2.", Encyclopedia of the Book, 2nd Edition, 2001, p. 141. "This type ornament has a long history, the printed outline of a hand being used as a paragraph mark by, among other early printers, Huss at Lyons in 1484 in the edition of Paulus Florentinus's 'Breviarum totius juris canonici' he printed with Johannes Schabeler. As with other typographic conventions this was taken from scribal practice, carefully drawn hands pointing to a new paragraph being found in early 12th century (Spanish) manuscripts. It is also known as a fist, hand, or index."
↑ Hasler (1953:4). The standard sequence of reference marks was *, †, ‡, §, ‖, ¶, and ☞.
↑ Pynchon, Thomas (2012). Gravity's Rainbow. Penguin. ISBN 9781101594650. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
Charles Hasler, "A Show of Hands,", Typographica O. S. 8 (1953), 4-11.
Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky. (1993/2002/2004): Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Blackwell Publishers (2004) (2002). Technical Report, Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science and Computer Science Department, University of Colorado at Boulder (1993).
Sherman, William. Toward a History of the Manicule, 2005.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manicules.


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Diana Ngo
Chinese Bitcoin Exchange Huobi Partners with Tsinghua University in Research Initiative
Chinese bitcoin exchange platform Huobi, has announced a new collaboration with Tsinghua University for a new "Digital Asset Research Initiative."
1213 Total views
Chinese bitcoin exchange platform Huobi, has announced a new collaboration with Tsinghua University for a new "Digital Asset Research Initiative." The research collaboration will be formalized on Saturday April 25, at the Wudaokou School of Finance in Beijing.
The official ceremony will mark the debut of a long-term research initiative that will be jointly conducted by finance and technology experts from Wudaikou School of Finance, and Huobi, the official sponsor of the project.
The scope of the research will be essentially focused on understanding how digital innovation is transforming the financial and economical landscape, as well as predicting the future impacts and trends of relevant innovations.
Tsinghua University, a research university and one of the top institutions of higher education in Mainland China, has produced some notable graduates, especially in political sphere, including former General Secretary, president Hu Jintao, and the current Party General Secretary Xi Jinping, as well as two Nobel Prize in Physics winners, Tsung-Dao Lee and Yang Chen Ning,
As of 2014, Tsinghua University has 19 schools and 55 departments, among which the Wudaokou School of Finance, also known as the PBC School of Finance, an educational establishment founded in 2012 as a joint venture between the University and the People's Bank of China.
Wudaokou School of Finance's new collaboration with Huobi is yet another sign of the University's keen interest in digital currencies and block chain technology.
Wu Xiaoling, the dean of the Wudaokou School of Finance and the former deputy director of China's central bank, gave a speech in December 2014, where she argued that virtual currencies and government money can co-exist.
She stated:
"While information technology will have a hard time changing money creation, it will have an easier time impacting the implementation of certain payment functions.
A new value transfer network based on open-source, distributed information technology will reduce costs and increase efficiency; it is worthy of exploration and development."
Huobi, one of the world's leading bitcoin exchanges, said it is "committed to promoting the healthy growth and development of bitcoin in China and around the world," adding that the new research collaboration should "provide quality information and insight to finance and technology industry professionals, investors, entrepreneurs, regulators, and the general public."
Huobi CEO: "In the Bitcoin Industry, Centralization and Decentralization will complement Each Other"
"Bitcoin will make the Internet much more Secure and Robust" - Michal Wendrowski, Rublon
"In Twenty Years we will use Bitcoin as Naturally as We Use the Internet Today" - Aaron Koenig
#Huobi
World's Fourth Largest Crypto Exchange Huobi Appoints CEO for New US Platform
Huobi Strategic Partner HBUS Launches API for Large-Scale US Traders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The main part of it is concerned with reviewing and separating out the i2c driver from the eeprom driver so it can be shared between the eeprom and the new rtc driver (which is rather trivial). It also contains a fix for two bugs concerning the multi byte read (which is not used in the eeprom driver so wasn't a problem yet). The i2c-bitbang.c should probably go into the h120 target tree, but peturs aliasing of the functions for h300 makes this a little awkward.
The patch has been updated to include the drivers for the wake-up alarm (see wiki). Currently only the functionality of the Archos alarm mod is implemented, although the ds1339c offers more options and a second alarm.
Remember to update the software before you install the mod - otherwise you will get caught out with the play button constantly pressed (the patched rockbox will disable it at startup).
Very useful! H120 needs a RTC.
I have had a fight against the compiler (and he won... :( !!!).
I haven't a lot of free time, then I hope I'll find the patch in a next daily build, so that I'll go to the hardware.
The addition of the rtc driver for the gigabeat broke the patch. Now fixed.
Please test (especially on units without the MOD) and let me know of any problems.
1) You don't respect the indentation. Please do.
2) I think the i2c-bitbang.c file should be in the target/coldfire/iriver tree.
3) I think it would be nicer if rtc_detected would be a function, but it's not a big deal.
2) I will move it. Shall I place eeprom_24cxx.c there as well?
3) I had it like that originally (as this is what the radio detection does), but could not see a good reason for justifying the additional function call overhead to check a boolean var.
Hopefully I will get it done today.
2) Not sure. If it is fairly generic, I think it could stay in the firmware/drivers tree.
I have compiled it for h120, h120 sim and gigabeat and run it on a modified and an unmodified h120.
Updated to current svn, a few fixes and some restructuring in the logic of fat.c. Please test (especially with non-rtc units).
This is the RC which I will commit after a little more testing. I tidied up the split between the i2c for H100 and h300 and some other minor changes.


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Q: Yarn/NPM doesnt install all packages On my AWS machine I have an Angular 2 web app created with @angular/cli. I've tried to install all packages with yarn/npm but it doesn't seem to install everything, because when I enter to the website it doesn't inject any provider and it doesn't render properly.
I've deleted the whole folder of node_modules/ .npm/cache yarn/cache reinstalled everything with yarn and npm but it doesn't work either.
My package.json:
{
  "name": "seon.site-builder.ui",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "license": "MIT",
  "angular-cli": {},
  "scripts": {
    "ng": "ng",
    "start": "ng serve  --proxy-config proxy.conf.json",
    "test": "ng test",
    "lint": "ng lint",
    "e2e": "ng e2e"
  },
  "private": true,
  "dependencies": {
    "@angular/common": "^2.4.0",
    "@angular/compiler": "^2.4.0",
    "@angular/core": "^2.4.0",
    "@angular/forms": "^2.4.0",
    "@angular/http": "^2.4.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser": "^2.4.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "^2.4.0",
    "@angular/router": "^3.4.0",
    "@ng-bootstrap/ng-bootstrap": "1.0.0-alpha.24",
    "@ngx-translate/core": "^6.0.0",
    "@ngx-translate/http-loader": "^0.0.3",
    "angular2-esri-loader": "^0.1.11",
    "angular2-esri4-components": "^0.5.0",
    "bootstrap": "4.0.0-alpha.6",
    "core-js": "^2.4.1",
    "esri-loader": "^0.1.3",
    "font-awesome": "^4.7.0",
    "intl": "^1.2.5",
    "jquery": "^3.1.1",
    "lodash": "^4.17.4",
    "ng2-signalr": "1.0.8",
    "ng2-table": "^1.3.2",
    "ng2-validation": "^3.8.0",
    "ngx-toastr": "^4.3.0",
    "rxjs": "^5.1.0",
    "settings-editor": "0.0.11",
    "signalr": "^2.2.1",
    "zone.js": "^0.7.6",
    "moment": "^2.18.1",
    "moment-timezone": "^0.5.11",
    "@types/moment": "^2.13.0",
    "@types/moment-timezone": "^0.2.34"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@angular/cli": "1.0.0-beta.32.3",
    "@angular/compiler-cli": "^2.4.0",
    "@types/arcgis-js-api": "^4.2.0",
    "@types/jasmine": "^2.5.38",
    "@types/lodash": "^4.14.58",
    "@types/node": "~6.0.60",
    "codelyzer": "~2.0.0-beta.4",
    "jasmine-core": "~2.5.2",
    "jasmine-spec-reporter": "~3.2.0",
    "karma": "~1.4.1",
    "karma-chrome-launcher": "~2.0.0",
    "karma-cli": "~1.0.1",
    "karma-coverage-istanbul-reporter": "^0.2.0",
    "karma-jasmine": "~1.1.0",
    "karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "^0.2.2",
    "karma-phantomjs-launcher": "^1.0.2",
    "protractor": "~5.1.0",
    "ts-node": "~2.0.0",
    "tslint": "~4.4.2",
    "typescript": "^2.2.1"
  }
}

Node: 6.10.2
Npm: 3.10.10
Yarn: 0.22.0

After running:
npm cache clean
rm -rf node_modules/
npm install

I'll get UNMET PEER DEPENDENCY errors with Angular:
├── UNMET PEER DEPENDENCY @angular/common@2.4.10
├── UNMET PEER DEPENDENCY @angular/compiler@2.4.10
├── UNMET PEER DEPENDENCY @angular/core@2.4.10
├── UNMET PEER DEPENDENCY @angular/forms@2.4.10
└── UNMET PEER DEPENDENCY tslint@5.1.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Summer season is out and about with its full glory and a blazing sun above. Although the season is great for a beach holiday or visiting the hill stations on a weekend trip, it can be quite bad for your skin and personality. The extreme heat plays a devastating role in damaging your hair, skin and making you smell bad. Staying out in the sun causes pigmentation of the skin, premature ageing and dark spots. So, for making the summer season a bit more pleasant for you, we have here some expert tips that will make you fall in love with the season.
Your skin needs extra love during the summer season. When you step out in the sun, the ultraviolet rays damage your skin in many ways. It causes wrinkles with premature ageing. Dark spots will start showing along with pigmentation. To avoid all these and many other problems during the summer season, you should follow a proper skin care regime, every day.
Wash your face with a mild cleanser, rub it gently using a toner and moisturise it with a serum based or gel-based moisturiser. Doing this twice a day will improve the texture of your skin, adding a healthy glow. Also, never step out of the house without applying sunscreen with a minimum of SPF30.
Along with cleansing, toning and moisturising, exfoliation is also important, not just for the face but for the whole body. You can use organic exfoliators such as a mix of coffee and sugar, roughly ground flour with milk cream or oil or buy body scrubs. Use them every second or the third day to get rid of the dead skin on your body. It will also remove tanning layer making your skin look bright.
During the summer season, your average perfumes and deodorants will not be able to last long. You need something that can last for a whole day with strong sillage. Try to include fragrances with summer-friendly scents such as citrus notes, floral notes, fruity notes, aquatic notes and herby minty notes. They compliment the season keeping you upbeat. Apply the perfume right after taking bath when your skin pores are clean and open. They will absorb the fragrance oils properly keeping it intact for a long time. For people with dry skin, it is essential to moisturise before using perfume.
Hair can be a bit dry and frizzy during the summer season. Sweat accumulated around roots as well as extreme heat damages them badly. Protect them by washing with a gentle shampoo that does not strip off your hair with natural oils. Washing every second day will help you to keep them fresh. Make sure to follow shampooing with conditioning for adding moisture to your hair. If you are not in the mood for washing your hair or sweat stink is a bit too much, spray your perfume on the hairbrush and brush your hair gently using the brush.
Follow these simple grooming tips to enjoy the season to the most. With a little care and attention, you can keep your skin, hair and your personality as attractive as ever, even in Summer.
Rohit Agrawal is published above post on the behalf of PerfumeBooth Company about Perfumes. It has long time experience in perfume & perfume selfie business and sharing good writing view about fragrance and lifestyle.


Yay!!!! It's our first DIY Project of 2016.
Every Wednesday, I will have new a DIY project for you #WeddingWednesday. Today, I'm showing you how to make your very own rhinestone bracelet to wear for wedding day or any special occasions.
That's it! You can now rock your very own handmade bridal bracelet on your big day!!!


Kailua Hongwanji Buddhist Temple is happy to announce weekly Meditation Services, Mondays, from 6:30 pm to 7:30 pm, beginning May 7, 2018. Included in the session is a guided meditation, walking meditation and offering of incense, followed by chanting of a sutra. There also is a short "talk story" section immediately following. Meditation is conducted by the Kailua Hongwanji minister, Rev. Dr. Bert M. Sumikawa. Anyone interested may contact Rev. Sumikawa by calling 492-7254 or emailing bert@sumidds.com.
Meditation is a Jodo Shinshu style (Hongwanji or Pure Land sect) of Buddhism. All are welcome to participate. There is no fee for attendees.
If you're interested in attending this class, please contact us for more information.
If you are interested in attending this class, please contact Dennis Tashiro at (808) 226-0339 or dhtashiro@gmail.com for fee information.
Class dates vary per month. See temple calendar.
Ikebana classes are currently on hiatus until further notice.
At this very popular class, retired agriculture teacher Matsuo Okamoto shares his wealth of gardening knowledge and tips. Specific topics vary each month and everyone is welcome!
For more information, or if you are interested in attending this class, please contact Betty Okamoto at okamotobet@gmail.com.


Can people who have sleep apnea and use a CPAP get affordable life insurance?
I've successfully written several cases, and have gotten as good as preferred rates for these folks.
But it's not as easy as getting a quick quote from an online life insurance estimator and applying to the company with the best rate.
You really need to use an agent who understands higher risk life insurance cases, and can "shop" your case around to multiple companies to get you the best deal. Otherwise you might get stuck with a company who is very stringent on sleep apnea and may give you a substandard health rating or even deny you coverage. Let's talk about how to avoid that.
First thing you must understand is you can't take this lightly.
Clients who tell me they have sleep apnea but "it's not that bad" so they don't use their CPAP will have trouble getting affordable life insurance.
Sleep apnea is a condition life insurance underwriters take very seriously, as it can cause much bigger problems than snoring. If left untreated and if the apnea is severe, one serious side effect is that patients are prone to accidents, due to the lack of a good night's sleep. They experience fatigue and fall asleep at the wheel.
The apnea is a period of time during sleep when the person actually stops breathing. Sometimes, the lack of oxygen has been blamed for high blood pressure or a contributing factor in strokes.
Several factors will determine how much you pay for life insurance with sleep apnea.
First of all, are you wearing your CPAP regularly? If you are, you're much more likely to get a favorable health rating, which means better rates. If you're not, you could be declined or forced to pay a high rate.
Secondly, all life insurance carriers will want to see the results of a sleep study wearing your CPAP.
If it was normal and you wear your device every night, that's a good start. Do you experience any symptoms, such as fatigue, daytime sleepiness, or falling asleep at work. Lastly, are you overweight? If you treat the apnea, but are still overweight, you will not qualify for the better ratings and pricing.
What If I Don't Have Sleep Apnea Anymore?
In some cases, a client will tell me they lost weight and no longer use their CPAP since they don't have sleep apnea anymore. That makes sense to you and me, but to an insurance underwriter, they'll want to see proof. What that will generally mean at the least is a follow up visit to your doctor who can make a note of it in your records (officially "Undiagnosing" you, if that's a word), but more often than not, the underwriters would want to see another sleep study proving you no longer have it.
Not all insurance carriers are as lenient as others about sleep apnea, so make sure to talk to a knowledgeable, independent life insurance agent like our agents at Huntley Wealth about your case, to be sure you get the lowest price available to you. You can reach us at 888-603-2876.
*While we make every effort to keep our site updated, please be aware that "timely" information on this page, such as quote estimates, or pertinent details about companies, may only be accurate as of its last edit day. Huntley Wealth & Insurance Services and its representatives do not give legal or tax advice. Please consult your own legal or tax adviser.
Thanks for sharing this wonderful post about Sleep apnea! It was very interesting and I really enjoyed reading it..
Thank you Katherine – so many people are dealing with this condition – thankfully we are able to help with coverage!


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Camo Gamecocks from left: CJ Welch, Brandon Hardin, Hunter Horton, Devin Resendiz, Alexis Ladwig and Alan Laudermilk. Photo by Ebenezer Mulugeta.
Team Halloween from left: Nate Ruff, Fred Kittle, Victor Gonzales, Jacob Selless, Matthew Socolaw and Alexis Ruberge. Photo by Ebenezer Mulugeta.
Other competitions included the billiards tournament and the Madden NFL 2013 tournament which began on the Nov. 14. Also, another event on the campus was exciting for runners. The Turkey Day 3k was held on the Nov. 17.


When a loved one passes away, it can be a difficult experience for surviving family members. An array of important decisions must be made quickly if there are no pre-arrangements. Preparing and planning now can assure you and your family "Peace of Mind", assuring that those difficult decisions and financial arrangements have been made. The professional counselors at Zehender Robinson Stormer Cookson Funeral Home are ready to answer any questions you may have regarding pre-arranged funeral plans.
A pre-need funeral or burial purchase is purchasing, in advance, funeral services and merchandise that you select for yourself or loved ones. In connection with the purchase of pre-need services and merchandise, you enter into a pre-need contract with the funeral home.
What protection is provided by Illinois law?
The Illinois Funeral or Burial Trust Funds Act allows individuals to place funds in trust for funeral expenses. Sellers of pre-need services and/or merchandise must be licensed by the State of Illinois through the Office of the Comptroller, which has jurisdiction over the administration and enforcement of this law. You may contact the Comptroller's Office to verify whether a seller is licensed.
What services and merchandise does the Funeral or Burial Funds Act cover?
The law covers the purchase of funeral services, clothing, caskets, burial containers commonly referred to as burial vaults, and urns. The law does not cover sales of cemetery services and merchandise. The Illinois Pre-Need Cemetery Sales Act and Cemetery Care Act may cover these. The Comptroller's Office also administers these laws.
What is the reason for a contract?
All pre-need contracts sold in Illinois must contain disclosures to assist consumers in their purchase of pre-need services and merchandise.
What are Guaranteed and Non-Guaranteed Contracts?
A "Guaranteed Contract" means that the funeral home guarantees to provide the services and/or merchandise selected for the amount of money stated in the contract. This means that you or your estate will not be required to pay any additional costs for the items guaranteed, except for unexpected charges incurred (which may include the need for shipment of remains from a distance).
If a contract does not guarantee the prices charged, it must be clearly identified as a "Non-Guaranteed Contract." The amount paid will be determined at the time the services and/or merchandise are needed. Any amount paid pre-need will be considered a deposit to be used toward the purchase price, which will earn interest.


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A Global Niche Top Manufacturer of Skewering Machines Grown by Continuing Efforts to Satisfy User Requests
Michihiro Kojima, Representative Director and President, KOJIMA GIKEN KOGYO Co.,Ltd
Photos of skewering machine trays of various shapes
KOJIMA GIKEN KOGYO Co.,Ltd has been researching skewering machines and satisfying user requests by trial and error since its establishment in 1981. The company started its history against a headwind because the skewering machines made by previous manufacturers were unpopular and had instilled a negative image in people. However, the company gradually gained trust and grew enough to receive many orders and inquiries, in Japan and abroad. How did the company change the past image of skewering machines and gain trust? What are they aiming for? We interviewed Mr. Michihiro Kojima, Representative Director and President.
Modestly Getting the Hang of Manual Skewering and Renewing the Image of Skewering Machines
A skewering machine manufactured at the beginning of the company's establishment that still works to this day
"At first, we were almost always turned away at the gate by people saying skewering machines were useless," President Kojima recalled, about the situation when the company was established. There were more than 20 manufacturers of skewering machines at the time, but the machines had low reliability and people had a bad image of them. "We asked yakitori and meat shops to let us go in and see their skewering work. We got the hang of manual skewering and reproduced it mechanically. This is why our machines were different from the others." They applied this confidence in nationwide sales activities, and their machines began to sell little by little. This is how the skewering machines of Kojima Giken Kogyo gradually become popular in the industry.
Sincerely Considering Customer Feedback as the Basis of Product Development
Mechanically reproducing the skills of manual skewering
When their machines gradually started selling, Kojima Giken Kogyo received a development request from a major manufacturer of electric machines for skewers on frankfurter production lines. This successful development made the company even more widely known. The company continued to receive orders, including one for large yakitori skewering machines from a major food manufacturer and one for oden skewering machines from a major convenience store chain. "We attach importance to what customers are expecting and are always thinking of realizing their expectations," President Kojima told us. "This is our company's policy. When we started our business, we visited many customers and asked them why they were not satisfied with the skewering machines of other manufacturers. We found out about their problems, observed manual skewering, and got the hang of a number of things, and successfully created a machine that satisfied customers. We have maintained the same approach ever since. We listen to customer ideas and solve problems one by one to give shape to these ideas. We have been building up our technology by satisfying customer requests. I think this is why our company is now successful."
It Is Not Easy to Copy Technology Built Up for Over 35 Years
Various trays for ingredients manufactured to satisfy customer requests
The company receives various requests from customers. For oden skewering machines, for example, customers requested that the ingredients should not come off easily. They also made many difficult-to-satisfy requests. They wanted skewers to stop at the tips of ingredients without piercing through them so that the styrene foam containers for oden would not be damaged at shops. They also wanted not only round skewers, but also square skewers and skewers with an irregular shape called Teppo skewers. The company continued to make improvements by satisfying these requests. This is how the machines continued to evolve and be improved. At the time, the speed of evolution was too fast for them to create brochures, because the information about the machine soon became out of date. It is not easy to copy the technology they have built up for over 35 years since the company was established. Some companies manufactured and marketed similar machines by copying the technology, but did not last long. They withdrew from the business before people knew it.
Globally Broadcasting Videos Leads to Inquiries from Around the World
Machines carefully manufactured one by one for improved durability
"As the Internet caught on, we created a website and succeeded in increasing the number of orders from overseas," President Kojima said. "Now many people contact us after viewing our YouTube videos. At first, many orders were for machines skewering local foods, such as barbecue in the United States and satay in Southeast Asia. Since Japanese foods have become popular, 80% of our sales are now skewering machines for yakitori. We receive many orders particularly from Europe." One of the reasons for their overseas success is that the machines do not readily break. The mechanical strength against motor output is doubled and the frames are manually welded one by one to ensure durability from the basic design stage. In addition, their large machines have computer diagnosis functions to enable troubleshooting by phone or email. The company has less than twenty employees, but they sell machines in Japan and abroad without any difficulty. This is because they have greatly reduced the trouble of visiting customers for repairs. Indeed, because their machines can be used for as long as 20 to 30 years, it seems the problem is the low demand for replacements.
The Need for a Partner Company to Boost Manufacturing Capacity
"We still receive one or two inquiries a day within Japan and three or four inquiries a week from overseas because our videos about skewering machines are released on the Internet," President Kojima continued. "However, there are still many companies and shops that do not know about our products. We feel that our demand cultivation efforts are still not enough. We want to expand our markets more and more, but we have a problem of production not keeping up. The subcontractors around our company are not enough for machine production." The company wants to find partner companies for part manufacturing and maintaining machines throughout Japan. They are also considering the implementation of robotics technology to upgrade machines. "We want to promote robotization because it seems that labor shortages will become serious in the near future. However, it is still difficult to handle food and water with current robotics technology. I feel that university laboratories and SME startups have more potential regarding such technology than major robotics manufacturers. It will be good if we can find such partners," President Kojima said, about his view of the future.
FROM J-GoodTech
KOJIMA GIKEN KOGYO Co.,Ltd has been building up unique technology for many years as a global niche top company manufacturing skewering machines. They have acquired many orders in Japan and abroad by starting Web marketing, such as website production and video distribution. The company registered with J-GoodTech to look for partner companies who can help with machine manufacturing.
J-GoodTech is a business matching site where you can obtain information about technologies, products, and services of various companies. Many companies like KOJIMA GIKEN KOGYO Co.,Ltd who are looking for partner companies are using the website. You can gain opportunities for business matching with companies that you could have never have met before. We hope you will make the most of J-GoodTech.
Visit KOJIMA GIKEN KOGYO Co.,Ltd's corporate profile on J-GoodTech
Sanwa Creation Co., Ltd.
Sanwa Creation, a J-GoodTech registered company, has been a manufacturer and distributor of high precision pins and shafts since it is founded in 1999.
Hercules Glass Tech Co., Ltd.
Hercules Glass Tech, a J-GoodTech registered company, is an advanced glass manufacturer with an innovative technology for glass production.
Shin Tokyo Engineering Co., Ltd.
Shin Tokyo Engineering, a J-GoodTech registered company, has technical expertise on producing crimping tools and pressure-welding tools.
Kanepackage Co., Ltd.
Aiming to extend the use of high-quality packaging materials around the world
KOJIMA GIKEN KOGYO Co.,Ltd
NISHIHARA RIKOH Co., Ltd.
Thorough Quality Management and Various Other Actions to Establish Relationships of Trust with Customers
B & PLUS K.K.
Wanting to be a Manufacturer Developing the Limitless Potential of Wireless Power Supplies
TENHIKO INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD (First Part)
Business Strategy of Tenhiko Industrial Aiming to be the Most Rewarding Company in Japan (First Part)
TENHIKO INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD (Second Part)
Business Strategy of Tenhiko Industrial Aiming to be the Most Rewarding Company in Japan (Second Part)
ElecTrike Japan Co.,Ltd
Seeking the Potential of Electric Three-wheelers
Japan's 16th Automobile Manufacturer
Copyright Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, JAPAN. All Rights Reserved.


text:
'A global tragedy'
Fires raging in an Indonesian swamp forest may have killed a third of the rare Sumatran orangutans living there and all of them may be lost this year, conservationists warned Wednesday.
The Tripa swamp forest in Aceh province is home to the world's densest population of critically endangered Sumatran orangutans. About 200 still live there, out of a world population estimated at 6,600, the conservationists said.
More from AP here.
Labels: extinction, orangutan
Dolphin soap opera
Although bonobos, orangutans, and Western gorillas have less hostile relationships with neighboring groups than do chimpanzees, none of these species has the tolerance of the dolphins, or their ability to form alliances outside of their immediate community. Among mammals, only elephants come close; though they live in matrilineal groups, elephants maintain relationships outside of these, forming large, stratified societies. But even these large societies are still primarily with close kin, and are not changeable as are the dolphins' alliances.
Because female dolphins give birth to only single calves that are separated by several years, the males cannot count on forming alliances with close kin. Instead, male dolphins must learn how to make and maintain friendships -- demanding social skills that are likely to have contributed to the dolphins' large brains... But it's not just the number of social relationships the dolphins must maintain, he adds. "It's the uncertainty of those third-level alliances. It's those guys you rarely see. What have they been up to since the last time you met them? Are they still on your side?"
-- from Meet the Dolphin Mafia. Original paper here. P.S. 'Will we ever...talk to dolphins?'
Labels: dolphin
'Unwet, ...breather of unbreathable...'
Man's life is warm, glad, sad, 'twixt loves and graves
Boundless in hope, honored with pangs austere,
Heaven-gazing; and his angel-wings he craves:
The fish is swift, small-needing, vague yet clear,
A cold, sweet, silver life, wrapped in round waves,
Quickened with touches of transporting fear.
-- lines from Leigh Hunt's The Fish, the Man, and the Spirit quoted by Billy Collins
Dr Astroumoff's fabulous flying copepods
Ed Yong explains:
One group of copepods, the pontellids, are found throughout the topmost waters. They tend to be more brightly coloured than other transparent members of the group. It's thought that the colours help to reflect harmful ultraviolet radiation, but they could make the copepods more conspicuous to fish. Copepods escape from fish with powerful bursts of speed that propel them through the water. But those same movements can send them flying too...
... Their powerful escape reflex provides a lot of energy, but they lose anywhere from 58 to 88 per cent of that as they break the water surface. By contrast, a flying fish loses less than 0.1 per cent with the same manoeuvre. This is because the surface tension of water is much more important to a small animal than a big one... Still, their 'flights' are substantial. Each copepod is around 3 millimetres long, but their leaps carried them over an average distance of 80 millimetres. That's well beyond their own body length. It's also at least 3 times greater than the length of the pursuing mullet, and further than the fish can actually see. And the longest jumpers even managed to cover 170mm.
...[and] despite the energy needed to leave the water, the copepods travel so far in the air that they recoup their initial losses. To travel the same distance underwater, they would need to spend 20 times more energy.
Labels: crustacea, plankton
So the birdman has admitted his powered flight was a fake.
Not exactly surprising given basic mechanics and biology.
The whole thing was an art project, and the artist played skillfully with a profound and enduring dream.
The dream of flight is most strikingly expressed in the activity which brings people closest to actual unassisted flight: wingsuited base-jumping. Their achievements are become more astonishing by the year. See, for example, here and here.
The dream is a focus of the Quetzalcoatlus chapter in my book, which will be out in October.
Labels: Pterosaurs, Quetzalcoatlus
'Puffins would fly to the moon'
The life of birds in two books under review:
No one who has seen [David Attenborough's Frozen Planet] will forget the images of the male and female penguins transferring the egg so that the starving parent can go off to feed. But Walker lives with the penguins over time and draws a much fuller picture. She confesses that she was determined to resist their charm. She was concerned that we anthropomorphise them just because they walk on two legs but, witnessing mates greeting each other after months of separation, she writes: "And the two birds hug. They really do … I saw that this was not anthropomorphising the birds … the Emperors hug for more or less the same reason that we humans do."
-- from Peter Forbes on Antarctica by Gabrielle Walker
King Sweeney's diagnosis of a life "without womenfolk" was hopelessly inaccurate, by the way: birds' sex lives are frankly filthy, from the cloaca-pecking dunnock, to the mallard's 17in, corkscrew-shaped penis, and the greater vasa parrot, whose copulation lasts an hour and a half. In sparrows, the testes are the size of a pinhead in winter only to swell to the size of a baked bean during the breeding season.
-- from David Wheatley on Bird Sense by Tim Birkhead
Jürgen Schmidhuber may be right that creative machines will overtake humans within a few decades. Certainly, to engage with this even as possibility demands a lot of the imagination. [1]
I'd only like to add right that, whatever the future may hold, in trying to right-size our imaginations to the dimensions of the present moment and the possible future, it's also important to develop our comprehension of the deep past. A book by Callum Roberts to be published in May 2012 will help with this.
Roberts's chief concern in The Ocean of Life is with the (almost entirely destructive) human impacts on the world ocean over the last fifty years -- less than a thousandth of the 150 to 200,000 years for which modern humans have existed. His introductory chapter, however, covers the first 4.5 billion years.
One of the things Roberts does exceptionally well in it is to pull together an account of major events in the Earth system during the first 4 billion of those years: the Hadean, Archaean and Proterozoic eons. There is nothing original in the material itself -- the author is summarizing published research that has also been marshaled in other books and art works for non-specialists [2] -- it's just that he does a very good job of helping the reader to 'inhabit' this time/space in his or her own mind. Consider, for example:
...About 4.53 billion years ago a planet the size of Mars barreled into this new world and smashed off pieces that became the moon. The impact was so enormous it vapourised rock and the primeval world was shrouded by a thick atmosphere of rock and other gases. As the planet cooled, a time came when minerals condensed and for two thousand years the skies rained molten rock onto an ocean of magma below. Even after this thousand degree deluge ended, the atmosphere remained thick with other vapour and gases and atmospheric pressure at the surface of the flaming sea would have been hundreds of times higher than today.
We owe a lot to this collision. It knocked Earth's axis of rotation askew, which gives us seasons . Over the vast plain of geological time, the moon has slowed and stabilized the Earth's rotation, giving us longer days. A billion years ago, a day was just 18 hours and the year lasted 480 days. Early on, the moon was much closer to Earth and would have loomed large in the sky. The moon's gravitational pull gives us much greater tides than the more distant sun alone and the flood and ebb of tides would have been violent as they rose higher and fell faster in the short days...
...When the Earth cooled down a bit, a new rain began to fall, this time of scalding water. The downpour lasted for thousands of years and would be repeated several times over the next half billion years as giant impacts from extraterrestrial debris boiled off the upper layers of the seas. For a half billion years more, the Earth continued to be struck by asteroids far bigger than the one that killed off the dinosaurs 65 million years ago...
...To begin with, oceans covered most of the world. Their volume could have been twice that of the present seas. Islands cropped up where blocks of the Earth's crust collided and volcanoes built ash and lava mountains, but there were no continents. Those came later and formed slowly...
Even if one is familiar to some extent with these facts it is, I think, really valuable to have them brought to mind. On each iteration of learning and re-imagining we gain and appreciate a bit more. Perhaps they can help us to become better ancestors. [3]
Florian Imgrund
[1] The fact that the prospect is unprecedented and so may seem intuitively unlikely to ignoramuses like me is not in itself evidence that it is in fact unlikely. See Intelligence Explosion: Evidence and Import. I'll be impressed when a computer creates music greater than anything by Bach, Beethoven or Chopin. Then again, I probably won't be able to appreciate it. [Added 1 April. Marcus du Sautoy writes:
Exciting new research is currently exploring how creative machines can be in music and art. Stravinsky once wrote that he could only be creative by working within strict constraints: "My freedom consists in my moving about within the narrow frame that I have assigned myself for each one of my undertakings." By understanding the constraints that produce exciting music, computer engineers at Sony's Computer Science Laboratory in Paris are beginning to produce machines that create new and unique forms of musical composition.]
[2] Terrence Malick's The Tree of Life touches on some of these events in the cosmic-creation sequences of the film. These are remarkable but they have no commentary: we need verbal accounts to build a full picture.
[3] Schmidhuber's advice is that we should be content to regard ourselves as a small stepping stone on the path to a more complex [and beautiful?] universe.
This may be the first case of an animal living entirely within a virtual reality system:
Florian Engert at Harvard University...has built one of the most sophisticated VR systems to date and his zebrafish larvae have spent all of their lives inside it.
-- report
Labels: zebrafish
Distancing and concealment
"The sheer volume, scale and rate of killing," [says] Timothy Pachirat, "the way the animals form a continuous stream rather than individual creatures, makes it clear the animals are seen as raw material. The cattle are called 'beef' even while they're alive — and that not only protects people from acknowledging what they're doing and that they're doing it to sentient beings, it's also accurate, a reflection of the process itself."
...The most publicized stories about industrial agriculture represent the exceptions that prove the rule: the uncommon torture of animals by perverse individuals in rogue operations. But torture is inherent in the routine treatment of animals as widgets, and the system itself is perverse. What makes Every Twelve Seconds different from (for example) a Mercy for Animals exposé is, says Pachirat, "that the day-in and day-out experience produces invisibility. Industrialized agriculture perpetuates concealment at every level of the process, and rather than focusing on the shocking examples we should be focusing on the system itself."
-- from The Human Cost of Animal Suffering Mark Bittman
Labels: animal rights, meat
Long in the tooth
An extinct marine vertebrate had the sharpest dental structures ever known — with tips just one-twentieth of the width of a human hair, but able to apply pressures that could compete easily with those from human jaws.
The razor-sharp teeth belonged to conodonts, jawless vertebrates that evolved some 500 million years ago in the Precambrian eon and went extinct during the Triassic period, around 200 million years ago. The creatures roamed the planet for longer than any other vertebrate so far–– and despite their lack of jaws, they were the first creatures to evolve teeth.
Labels: conodont
Mind-forged manacles
One of the habits of the mind is the invention of horrible imaginings. The mind has invented Hell, it has invented predestination to Hell, it has imagined the Platonic ideas, the chimera, the sphinx, abnormal transformite numbers (whose parts are no smaller than the whole), masks, mirrors, operas, the teratalogical Trinity: the Father, the Son, and the unresolvable Ghost, articulated into a single organism. . . . I have tried to rescue from oblivion a subaltern horror: the vast, contradictory Library, whose vertical wilderness of books run the incessant risk of changing into others that affirm, deny, and confuse everything like a delirious god.
-- from The Total Library by Jorge Luis Borges (1939)
Labels: arts, Borges
A beast of golden fire
A two-sided gold horned deer with folded legs from Zhalauli (Kegen district, Almaty region). Seventh to sixth century B.C. -- report
Possibility, interdependence
If you think of all the different modes of being, different kinds of feeling and experiencing, different ways of thinking and relating, it might be that human nature constrains us to a very narrow little corner of the space of possible modes of being. If we think of the space of possible modes of being as a large cathedral, then humanity in its current stage might be like a little cowering infant sitting in the corner of that cathedral having only the most limited sense of what is possible.
-- Nick Bostrom in We're underestimating the risk of human extinction
The take-home message of biology and ecology: life is -- more than anything else -- a process; it creates, and depends on, relationships among energy, land, water, air, time and various living things. It's not just about human-to-human interaction; it's not just about spiritual interaction. It's about all interaction. We're bound with the rest of life in a network, a network including not just all living things but the energy and nonliving matter that flows through the living...
-- from The View from Lazy Point by Carl Safina
Stephen Cave's playful approach to flatworms suggests his forthcoming book will be a good read. Let's hear it for monkey testicle grafts.
There's a chapter on the flatworms (and other worms) in The Book of Barely Imagined Beings. I signed off final corrections in January but the book doesn't appear until October.
P.S. A striking image of mating terrestrial flatworms
P.P.S. A Cave tweet
Labels: flatworm
'On Extinction'
Mel Challenger is detained by flu in the family so is unable to take part in an event at the Bath Literary Festival today. I will be there to read some extracts from her book on her behalf, and to talk about the issues it raises. Please join us if you can.
Here is an extract from her marvelous, disturbing account of an abandoned whaling station in South Georgia:
Beyond this large building, freakish instruments and workings cluttered the landscape. There was an overgrown toothed object like a saw, curved and beautiful as a Norse carving. I could see chains under fragile bonnets of snow with links bigger than my hands. In the distance, the disintegrating platforms of mortuary metal were apparent, proportioned to the massive bodies of whales. A short walk away from the strandline, I stumbled across a large tarnished tank on which the words BLUBBER COOKERY were painted in faded white lettering. At the front was a bolted, square-shaped opening. I immediately thought of the pictures in my childhood copy of Hansel and Gretel, the entrance into the oven where the siblings shoved the witch who held them captive to satisfy her monstrous appetite. But perhaps most startling of all was one of several oil vats, a round structure of astounding proportions, bulging through time and disuse. Sunlight nudged into its snowy circular border, and I too nudged forward, amazed, appalled, snow falling soundlessly around me.
Labels: extinction, nature writing
Imagination and evil
In an interview the theologian Richard Kearney makes these points, among others:
Even in the most humanistic anthropological affirmation of creative power...we mustn't forget that our creation is the repetition, reactivation, or refiguration of some creative power that both precedes and exceeds us.
He says this in reference to Coleridge's claim vis-à-vis the primary imagination of the romantic poet (the 'repetition in the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the infinite I Am') but it could as well apply to manipulation of life within the context of our growing but in some respects still rudimentary understanding of how living systems organize.
The imagination that thinks it is sufficient unto itself and has no other beyond, no vis-à-vis outside of itself, is on an unethical path.
'Deep ecologists' and other environmentalists would stress that on an ethical path our imaginations must be open towards the non-human living world as well as the human.
Finally, Kearney observes:
Evil is rooted in the human, even radical evil, but it's rooted in the inscrutable depth of the soul such as we have not yet and maybe never will be able to completely comprehend.
He stresses that he is not talking about some cosmological or metaphysical force of evil but something that is specific to human behaviour.
'Fishing with your face'
Beak-like protuberances on various animals are thought to be used to smack prey into submission or to detect the electric fields emitted by potential meals. Now scientists have discovered that sawfish (Pristis microdon) use their saws for both purposes, a first in the fish world, or indeed anywhere.
This is rather like using your nose to sniff out a freshly baked cake, and then using it to cut yourself a slice.
Labels: unicorn
'Cheetah'
Labels: robots
Lots of rats and pigeons
...aka 'disaster taxa' in the wake of our current mass exintinction:
Ultimately...life will recover: it always has. The mass extinctions of the past offer hints as to how the ecosystem will eventually bounce back, says Mike Benton at the University of Bristol, UK. The two that we know most about are the end-Permian extinction 252 million years ago, which wiped out 80 per cent of species, and the less severe end-Cretaceous extinction 65 million years ago, which famously took out the dinosaurs. The Permian extinction is more relevant because it was caused by massive global warming, but Benton cautions that the world was very different then, so today's mass extinction will not play out in quite the same way.
Recoveries usually have two stages. If ours pans out in the same way, the first 2 to 3 million years will be dominated by fast-reproducing, short-lived "disaster taxa". These will rapidly give rise to new species and bring the world's species count back up
-- from Will there be any Nature Left?, part of a package on the Deep Future. I'd say the future is likely to be less predictable, especially given the human tendency to meddle and manipulate.
Labels: Anthropocene, evolution, extinction
Simplot's fish
Simplot acknowledges...that the nearby waterway of Hoopes Springs still measures 70 parts per billion of selenium, 14 times the federal limit.
So Simplot decided to also make a case for a different standard. Mr. Prouty, the company vice president, said the trout population in the nearby creeks has remained stable over 30 years. Perhaps, he suggested, local cold water trout are more resistant to selenium than other fish. "The five-parts-per-billion standards are based on warm water fishes that are typically more sensitive than our trout, " he said.
So Simplot officials hired scientific consultants, and in August 2010 they submitted a draft report to the government, which suggested that the brown trout could support selenium tissue levels of 13 to 14 parts per million in their tissue...
Labels: pollution
Moomin apocalypse
All about them stretched the strange sea landscape, which had been covered by millions of tons of water since the beginning of the world.
'You know it's rather solemn to be down here,' said the Snork. 'We must be pretty near the deepest part of the ocean by now.'
But when they reached the biggest chasm of all they didn't dare go down. The sides sloped steeply and the bottom was obscured in green gloom. Perhaps there was no bottom! Perhaps the biggest octopuses in the world lived down there, brooding in the slime; creatures that nobody had ever seen, far less imagined...
...They decided to pitch camp on a high pointed rock, which they could just reach by their stilts...and while the others curled up tightly together and slept, [Moomintroll] sat staring out over the desolate sea bottom. It was lit by the red glow of the comet, and shadows like black velvet lay across the sand.
Moomintroll thought how frightened the earth must be feeling with that great ball of fire coming nearer and nearer to her. Then he thought about how much he loved everything; the forest and the sea, the rain and the wind, the sunshine, the grass and the moss, and how impossible it would be to live without them all, and this made him feel very, very sad.
-- Tove Jannson 1946
The Geological Record on Ocean Acidification -- human impacts greater than anything in 300 million years.
We need a Global Strategy for Microbial Conservation, writes Gareth Griffith.
Some endangered bugs are, shall we say, an acquired taste. For example, a recently discovered anaerobic fungus at risk of extinction before it is even formally described is, apparently, specific to the hindgut of the critically endangered Somali wild ass.
More important, however, are microbially dominated habitats such as certain desert soil crusts, glaciers or unusual geological formations.
Labels: micro-organisms
'The power of plankton'
The more we learn, the more questions we have. Some of the questions are in the realm of basic biology. What evolutionary processes maintained such an extraordinary diversity of microbial species? Have microorganisms that play key biogeochemical roles gone undiscovered?...
...Then there are the practical questions. As humanity pumps nitrogen into the oceans and carbon into the atmosphere, causing dead zones and disrupting the climate, how long can phytoplankton keep cleaning up our mess? Can we enlist phytoplankton genes to make hydrocarbons so we no longer have to drill for oil?...
...Ultimately, the microorganisms in the ocean will survive, as they have for billions of years, and they will help restore Earth to a biogeochemical steady state. If we can understand them better, perhaps we can help them help humanity survive as well.
-- from an overview by Paul Falkowski of discoveries as to the nature and role of phytoplankton in Earth system.
Falkowski thinks that event in the best case it will take a long time — probably about 1,000 years — for the current damage being caused by humans to be reversed:
The phytoplankton will survive, but humans are going to pay the price. I find it very discouraging that a large segment of US society is not accepting conclusions that are based on objective science. It's distressing because everybody seems to be their own climate expert. I don't think humans realize that we're a vulnerable species.
Labels: earth systems, plankton


Icicles forming on the outside of the house from stove hood vent-help!
I have ice forming on the outside wall and vent location. I have insulated the pipe which goes up into the attic and out the side of the house. I have built a stearafoam box where the pipe runs inside and insulated it as best I could.
I live in a cold location so not sure what else to do. Before I did this insulated box I had condensation coming down the pipe into the cupboard.
You re probably getting back drafting. Where the cold air from outside is travelling in from the exterior vent and mixing with the warm air from the inside your house., the warm and cold causing moisture and then the cold air is SO cold today that it is freezing the condensation that forms. First thing to do is check that the exterior vent outside is closing properly. The flaps on the cheap builders ones can freeze open and it lets the cold air right in.
If I understood you right, your vent exits through/ near the roof, right? Your vent stack may not be high enough to pull the vented air/ moisture up and away from the house, causing that condensation to come back down. Check the recommendations for vent stack heights and you may be able to just extend your stack (usually above the roof line) and properly draw that up and away.
I agree with Wendy. The outside vent should have a flapper that opens when the hood is on. It more likely is not closing when the hood is off. If it does not have a flapper then you need to replace the vent with one that has a flapper.


text:
Q: isset function not working with form submit and database insert statment I have 2 pages and there is a form in each page. the first form accepts user input and preview it on the second page (hidden form elements). on the second form the user clicks the submit button and it insert that data into mysql.
The problem, the second page insert data into mysql once I get to that page via the form POST method and I get empty fields in the database and the isset function for the form submit button not working.
First page (form):

        <form action="review.php" method="post">
            Name: <input type="text" name="name">

            Age: <input type="text" name="age">

            <input type="button" name="submit" value="submit">
        </form>

I get to the second page for review called review.php with this code:
<?php
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    // Mysql insert statment
    echo "Form has been submitted";
}
?>

        <form action="review.php" method="post">
            Name: <input type="hidden" name="name">
<?php echo $_POST['name']; ?>

            Age: <input type="hidden" name="age">
<?php echo $_POST['age']; ?>

           <input type="submit" name="submit">
        </form>

Once I click on the review button from the first form, it inserts that into mysql, so the isset function on the review.php is not working.

A: Because you miss this line on the first file
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Review">

A: if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { //but there isn't any Html attribute with the name submit

It should be like this:
<input type="submit" name="submit"/>

Now you won't get empty values

A: Put the Below code in Your First page
<input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit" />

A: In first page
Use:
<input type="submit" name='submit' value='Submit'>

Instead of
<input type="review">

A: fine**fine

*
 -

**They must be separated from surrounding text by blank lines.
The begin and end tags of the outermost block element must not be indented.
Markdown can't be used within HTML blocks.


The Altar Society met Feb. 4, 2018. Volunteers Janet Bish, Linda Hoffman and Cindy Consbruck are the new heads of work groups. Father Grell was present and spoke about public awareness of human trafficking, Diocesan policies and financial procedures encasing all the churches in the Diocese. April coffee & rolls will be April 8th. Sign up for Spring cleaning, Dues have been raised to $20.00. 2018 officers are Cindy Consbruck, Pres., (no Vice Pres.,), Linda Hoffman, Sec., Tracy Schutt, Treas., Barb Preissler, Cheer sender & e-secretary.


Milwaukee Public Schools welcomes the opportunity to shine a spotlight on an outstanding family! If you know a proud MPS family member that deserves recognition for their dedication and hard work please submit nomination below. If your story is selected you and the family member will be contacted prior to it being posted on the MPS website.
Who are you nominating (family member name)*?
What is your relationship to this person*?
What school(s) is this family member connected to*?
If your story is selected for a MPS Family Spotlight you will receive an email notification and be asked to submit a photo of the family member.
If the story you submitted is selected for an MPS Family Spotlight you will receive an email requesting a photo of the nominated family member.


text:
Parris Goebel
Choreographer and Director
Music , Fashion
@parrisgoebel
Parris Goebel is a star choreographer who's worked with pop titans like Justin Bieber, Ariana Grande, J.Lo and Rihanna. One of her claims to fame include choreographing and directing all thirteen music videos for Justin Bieber's album, Purpose: The Movement. She's also worked with J.Lo for the music icon's Super Bowl LIV Halftime Show performance and she's lead choreography for three of Rihanna's Savage X Fenty shows, including the much buzzed-about October 2020 presentation.
Goebel's busy year kicked off when her own choreography video for Justin Bieber's song "Yummy" went viral. Not only did she lead the dance steps for the project but she also directed the entire visual. Rihanna continued to co-sign the 29-year-old dancer too by picking her as one of the most inspiring women across art, fashion and music in iD magazine's 40th anniversary "Rihannazine" issue. As a career highlight and honor, Goebel became a member of the New Zealand Order of Merit this year, a prestigious recognition overseen by the country's Queen. Lastly, as if Goebel's resume wasn't impressive enough, the dance creative turned her sites to the world of fashion by launching her label Runaway Motel with a debut collection titled "Room 407."
Musician and Designer
Hiroshi Fujiwara
Founder of fragment design and Musician
Musician and Founder of XO


text:
Neyman-Pearson Tests: An Episode in Anglo-Polish Collaboration: Excerpt from Excursion 3 (3.2)
Posted on December 1, 2018 by Mayo
Neyman & Pearson
3.2 N-P Tests: An Episode in Anglo-Polish Collaboration*
We proceed by setting up a specific hypothesis to test, H0 in Neyman's and my terminology, the null hypothesis in R. A. Fisher's . . . in choosing the test, we take into account alternatives to H0 which we believe possible or at any rate consider it most important to be on the look out for . . .Three steps in constructing the test may be defined:
Step 1. We must first specify the set of results . . .
Step 2. We then divide this set by a system of ordered boundaries . . .such that as we pass across one boundary and proceed to the next, we come to a class of results which makes us more and more inclined, on the information available, to reject the hypothesis tested in favour of alternatives which differ from it by increasing amounts.
Step 3. We then, if possible, associate with each contour level the chance that, if H0 is true, a result will occur in random sampling lying beyond that level . . .
In our first papers [in 1928] we suggested that the likelihood ratio criterion, λ, was a very useful one . . . Thus Step 2 proceeded Step 3. In later papers [1933–1938] we started with a fixed value for the chance, ε, of Step 3 . . . However, although the mathematical procedure may put Step 3 before 2, we cannot put this into operation before we have decided, under Step 2, on the guiding principle to be used in choosing the contour system. That is why I have numbered the steps in this order. (Egon Pearson 1947, p. 173)
In addition to Pearson's 1947 paper, the museum follows his account in "The Neyman–Pearson Story: 1926–34" (Pearson 1970). The subtitle is "Historical Sidelights on an Episode in Anglo-Polish Collaboration"!
We meet Jerzy Neyman at the point he's sent to have his work sized up by Karl Pearson at University College in 1925/26. Neyman wasn't that impressed:
Neyman found . . . [K.]Pearson himself surprisingly ignorant of modern mathematics. (The fact that Pearson did not understand the difference between independence and lack of correlation led to a misunderstanding that nearly terminated Neyman's stay . . .) (Lehmann 1988, p. 2)
Thus, instead of spending his second fellowship year in London, Neyman goes to Paris where his wife Olga ("Lola") is pursuing a career in art, and where he could attend lectures in mathematics by Lebesque and Borel. "[W]ere it not for Egon Pearson [whom I had briefly met while in London], I would have probably drifted to my earlier passion for [pure mathematics]" (Neyman quoted in Lehmann 1988, p. 3).
What pulled him back to statistics was Egon Pearson's letter in 1926. E. Pearson had been "suddenly smitten" with doubt about the justification of tests then in use, and he needed someone with a stronger mathematical background to pursue his concerns. Neyman had just returned from his fellowship years to a hectic and difficult life in Warsaw, working multiple jobs in applied statistics.
[H]is financial situation was always precarious. The bright spot in this difficult period was his work with the younger Pearson. Trying to find a unifying, logical basis which would lead systematically to the various statistical tests that had been proposed by Student and Fisher was a 'big problem' of the kind for which he had hoped . . . (ibid., p. 3)
….Interim pages 131-6 (in proofs) are here.
Historical Sidelight. Except for short visits and holidays, their work proceeded by mail. When Pearson visited Neyman in 1929, he was shocked at the conditions in which Neyman and other academics lived and worked in Poland. Numerous letters from Neyman describe the precarious position in his statistics lab: "You may have heard that we have in Poland a terrific crisis in everything" [1931] (C. Reid 1998, p. 99). In 1932, "I simply cannot work; the crisis and the struggle for existence takes all my time and energy" (Lehmann 2011, p. 40). Yet he managed to produce quite a lot. While at the start, the initiative for the joint work was from Pearson, it soon turned in the other direction with Neyman leading the way.
By comparison, Egon Pearson's greatest troubles at the time were personal: He had fallen in love "at first sight" with a woman engaged to his cousin George Sharpe, and she with him. She returned the ring the very next day, but Egon still gave his cousin two years to win her back (C. Reid 1998, p. 86). In 1929, buoyed by his work with Neyman, Egon finally declares his love and they are set to be married, but he let himself be intimidated by his father, Karl, deciding "that I could not go against my family's opinion that I had stolen my cousin's fiancée . . . at any rate my courage failed" (ibid., p. 94). Whenever Pearson says he was "suddenly smitten" with doubts about the justification of tests while gazing on the fruit station that his cousin directed, I can't help thinking he's also referring to this woman (ibid., p. 60). He was lovelorn for years, but refused to tell Neyman what was bothering him.
…..….Interim pages 137-9 are here.
Performance versus Severity Construals of Tests
"The work [of N-P] quite literally transformed mathematical statistics" (C. Reid 1998, p. 104). The idea that appraising statistical methods revolves around optimality (of some sort) goes viral. Some compared it "to the effect of the theory of relativity upon physics" (ibid.). Even when the optimal tests were absent, the optimal properties served as benchmarks against which the performance of methods could be gauged. They had established a new pattern for appraising methods, paving the way for Abraham Wald's decision theory, and the seminal texts by Lehmann and others. The rigorous program overshadowed the more informal Fisherian tests. This came to irk Fisher. Famous feuds between Fisher and Neyman erupted as to whose paradigm would reign supreme. Those who sided with Fisher erected examples to show that tests could satisfy predesignated criteria and long-run error control while leading to counterintuitive tests in specific cases. That was Barnard's point on the eclipse experiments (Section 3.1): no one would consider the class of repetitions as referring to the hoped-for 12 photos, when in fact only some smaller number were usable. We'll meet up with other classic chestnuts as we proceed.
N-P tests began to be couched as formal mapping rules taking data into "reject H0" or "do not reject H0" so as to ensure the probabilities of erroneous rejection and erroneous acceptance are controlled at small values, independent of the true hypothesis and regardless of prior probabilities of parameters. Lost in this behavioristic formulation was how the test criteria naturally grew out of the requirements of probative tests, rather than good long-run performance. Pearson underscores this in his paper (1947) in the epigraph of Section 3.2: Step 2 comes before Step 3. You must first have a sensible distance measure. Since tests that pass muster on performance grounds can simultaneously serve as probative tests, the severe tester breaks out of the behavioristic prison. Neither Neyman nor Pearson, in their applied work, was wedded to it. Where performance and probativeness conflict, probativeness takes precedent. Two decades after Fisher allegedly threw Neyman's wood models to the floor (Section 5.8), Pearson (1955) tells Fisher: "From the start we shared Professor Fisher's view that in scientific enquiry, a statistical test is 'a means of learning'" (p. 206):
. . . it was not till after the main lines of this theory had taken shape with its necessary formalization in terms of critical regions, the class of admissible hypotheses, the two sources of error, the power function, etc., that the fact that there was a remarkable parallelism of ideas in the field of acceptance sampling became apparent. Abraham Wald's contributions to decision theory of ten to fifteen years later were perhaps strongly influenced by acceptance sampling problems, but that is another story. (ibid., pp. 204–5)
In fact, the tests as developed by Neyman–Pearson began as an attempt to obtain tests that Fisher deemed intuitively plausible, and this goal is easily interpreted as that of computing and controlling the severity with which claims are inferred. Not only did Fisher reply encouragingly to Neyman's letters during the development of their results, it was Fisher who first informed Neyman of the split of K. Pearson's duties between himself and Egon, opening up the possibility of Neyman's leaving his difficult life in Poland and gaining a position at University College in London. Guess what else? Fisher was a referee for the all-important N–P 1933 paper, and approved of it.
To Neyman it has always been a source of satisfaction and amusement that his and Egon's fundamental paper was presented to the Royal Society by Karl Pearson, who was hostile and skeptical of its contents, and favorably refereed by the formidable Fisher, who was later to be highly critical of much of the Neyman–Pearson theory. (C. Reid 1998, p. 103)
*…To read further, see Statistical Inference as Severe Testing: How to Get Beyond the Statistics Wars (Mayo 2018, CUP).
Where you are in the journey:
Excursion 3: Statistical Tests and Scientific Inference
Tour I Ingenious and Severe Tests 119
3.1 Statistical Inference and Sexy Science: The 1919
Eclipse Test 121
3.2 N-P Tests: An Episode in Anglo-Polish Collaboration 131
3.3 How to Do All N-P Tests Do (and more) While
a Member of the Fisherian Tribe 146
All excerpts and mementos (until Nov. 30, 2018) are here.
The full Itinerary (Table of Contents) is here.
Categories: E.S. Pearson, Neyman, Statistical Inference as Severe Testing, statistical tests, Statistics
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Home » Breeders Cup » Breeders' Cup Day Two: Spencer to bow out in style on Just the Judge
Breeders' Cup Day Two: Spencer to bow out in style on Just the Judge
Ben Stones | 01.11.2014
Friday was a great start to a bumper Breeders' Cup meeting, but now we prepare for the main event, with nine championship races on offer in southern California.
The big one sees Shared Belief look to maintain his unbeaten career in the Classic, and frankly it's hard to see who beats him. But at 6/4 he's not a particularly tempting betting proposition.
So with that in mind, we have picked out a trio of nags to put your faith in to claim glory across the pond.
It's set to be a busy day for our racing traders, with our 4/1 Free Bet offer continuing into the night at Santa Anita*.
Just the Judge – Breeders' Cup Fillies and Mares Turf – 8/1
It has been reported that Jamie Spencer sees Charlie Hills' mare as probably his best shot to end his career with a Breeders' Cup win to his name, so that tells a story.
Dank won this race well last year, and heads the market again, but with runners in that race subsequently showing figures of 1 -10 since, it's easy to crab that form, and that's without factoring Dank's poor season so far.
The selection warmed up for this nicely, winning the EP Taylor Stakes at Woodbine, showing that the trip across the Atlantic hasn't taken it out of her.
She is worth siding with on ground that she will relish.
No Nay Never – Breeders' Cup Turf Sprint – 5/1
When Wesley Ward describes one of his runner's as "the ultimate specimen of a horse" and "probably one of the smartest horses I have ever trained", you need to take note.
Last year's explosive Norfolk Stakes winner at Royal Ascot returned from a seven month break to win nicely at Keeneland.
He is set to retire to Coolmore Stud after a crack at the race at Santa Anita, and connections will be desperate for him to bow out with his turf record unblemished.
Some smart types will line up against him, but we just have to back him.
Upstart – Breeders' Cup Juvenile – 10/1
With strong ante-post favourite for the Juvenile, American Pharaoh, ruled out, this race looks a whole lot more open.
Upstart lost his unbeaten record to Daredevil, who he reopposes here, last time out, and is subsequently four times the price for this contest.
But it is worth baring in mind that that contest was on ground described as 'Sloppy', and probably didn't suit Richard Violette Jr's colt.
Now on faster ground, conditions Daredevil hasn't competed on, we fancy the tables to be turned here.
Aidan O'Brien throws an interesting one in The Great War at this one, but other than that, many others look likely to be outclassed.
All odds and markets correct as of the date of publishing
« Breeders' Cup Day One: Osaila to get UK on the board for Frankie
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Ben Stones
Ladbrokes News' equine expert, Ben likes nothing more than studying the form to pick out a winner or two for our readers. A Journalism and Media Studies graduate from the University of Winchester, Ben has previously written for a number of football and racing blogs and websites, as well as contributing to the sports pages of his home-town newspaper.
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Authors: Archambault Leanna, DeBruler Kristen, Freidhoff Joseph R.
The article explores the theoretical underpinnings surrounding quality teaching in online settings as well as practical considerations for what teachers should know and be able to do in online environments. The authors examine state level policy from across the nation aimed toward establishing mechanisms to ensure online teacher quality.
The authors describe the preliminary findings associated with training pre-service teachers to use Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) in their classrooms. The authors examine how a simple instructional intervention may emphasize salient, educational attributes of MMOGs and reduce the perceived curricular cost of MMOGs. To do so, this research applied a learning in technology perspective that describes immersive technology as a medium in which the environment and player become one.
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This study investigates the demographic nature and experiences of K–12 online teachers. Findings show that online teachers are experienced in the traditional classroom, as indicated by their years of experience and the level of their advanced degrees. These teachers seek a better means to engage with students and a greater sense of community. Furthermore, they also look for the ability to teach without the constraints of traditional teachings, such as a bell schedule or issues of classroom management.
The article explores how the Internet is used in the classroom and if its use benefits students' understanding. 127 web sites reported by teachers were analyzed. From the data, most K-12 educators view the web either as a lesson planning tool, or a place for supplemental information. Most sites were not interactive.


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