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JEROME: The Forerunner in Bible Translation
EDWARD D. ANDREWS (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. He has authored over 160 books. Andrews is the Chief Translator of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV).
The Catholic Church Sacred Tradition in support of the Vulgate's magisterial authority: "Moreover, this sacred and holy Synod,—considering that no small utility may accrue to the Church of God if it is made known which out of all the Latin editions, now in circulation, of the sacred books, is to be held as authentic,—ordains and declares, that the said old and Vulgate edition, which, by the lengthened usage of so many years, has been approved of in the Church, be, in public lectures, disputations, sermons and expositions, held as authentic; and that no one is to dare or presume to reject it under any pretext whatever."[1]
ON April 8, 1546, the Latin Vulgate was given an approved capacity by the Council of Trent (1545–1563) as the standard of the Biblical canon regarding which parts of books are canonical. The Vulgate had been completed for over a thousand years, yet Jerome and his translation had been the center of debate throughout. Who was Jerome? Why was his translation of the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures into Latin, as well as himself, debated? What impact has this work had on the field of Bible translation?
Jerome Becomes a Scholar
Jerome ([c. 346–420 C.E.] Latin: Eusebius Hieronymus) was a Roman Christian priest, confessor, theologian and historian, who became a Doctor of the Church. He was the son of Eusebius, of the city of Stridon, which was on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia. His parents were reasonably well-off, and he felt the benefits of money at an early age, receiving an education in Rome under the well-known grammarian Donatus. Jerome demonstrated himself to be an exceptional student of grammar, rhetoric, and philosophy. Throughout this period, he also began to study Greek. He is most famously known for his translation of the Bible from the original languages of Hebrew (OT) and Greek) (NT) into Latin (the Vulgate), and his list of writings is extensive.
Jerome was born at Stridon about 346 C.E. However, he was not baptized until sometime after close to 366 C.E, and shortly thereafter, he and his friend Bonosus headed for Rome. However, they became wanderers for a time, and then finally ended up in Aquileia, Italy, where Jerome was introduced to the idea of asceticism. He became attracted to this extreme way of life, so he and a group of his friends spent a number of years cultivating an ascetic way of life.
In 373 C.E., some unnamed trouble contributed to the groups going their separate ways. Let down, Jerome traveled without a purpose and without a known destination eastward across Bithynia, Galatia, and Cilicia and eventually arrived in Antioch, Syria.
Even though he was only in his late 20's at this point, Jerome's health was damaged by fever, and he grew very ill during his journey. "Oh, if only the Lord Jesus Christ would suddenly transport me to you," he said, writing to a friend, Rufinus. "My poor body, weak even when well, has been shattered by frequent illnesses."
Jerome had already coped with sickness, seclusion, and inner turmoil; he was now thrust into a spiritual crisis. In a dream, he was …
Suddenly, I was caught up in the spirit and dragged before the judgment seat of the Judge; and here the light was so bright, and those who stood around were so radiant, that I cast myself upon the ground and did not dare to look up. Asked who and what I was I replied 'I am a Christian.' But He who presided said: 'Thou liest; thou art a follower of Cicero and not of Christ. For where thy treasure is there will thy heart be also.' Instantly I became dumb, and amid the strokes of the lash—for He had ordered me to be scourged—I was tortured more severely still by the fire of conscience, considering with myself that verse 'In the grave, who shall give thee thanks?' Yet for all that I began to cry and to bewail myself saying: 'Have mercy upon me, O Lord; have mercy upon me.' Amid the sound of the scourges, this cry still made itself heard. At last the bystanders, falling down before the knees of Him who presided, prayed that He would have pity on my youth and that He would give me space to repent of my error. He might still, they urged, inflict torture upon me, should I ever again read the works of the Gentiles. Under the stress of that awful moment, I should have been ready to make even still larger promises than these. Accordingly, I made oath and called upon His name, saying 'Lord, if ever again I possess worldly books, or if ever again I read such, I have denied thee.' On taking this oath, I was dismissed and returned to the upper world.[2]
Sometime later would he sidestep his pledge that he had made in the dream, and said that he should not be held answerable for a solemn promise made in a dream. However, Jerome felt somewhat obligated to his vow, so he left Antioch and searched for solitude in Chalcis in the Syrian Desert. Living as a recluse, he submerged himself in the study of the Bible and theological literature. Jerome said, "I read the books of God with zeal greater than I had previously given to the books of men."[3] He likewise learned the local Syriac tongue and started studying Hebrew with the help of a Jew, who had become a Christian.
Jerome Receives an Assignment from the Pope
After about five years of living an ascetic life, Jerome returned to Antioch in 378 or 379 C.E. His return to civilization was met with disappointment, as the church was profoundly divided. While he had still been in the desert, Jerome had written to the Pope, saying, "The church is rent into three factions, and each of these is eager to seize me for its own."[4]
Jerome eventually decided that he would take the side of Bishop Paulinus, one of three men that claimed that title of Antioch. Jerome unwillingly accepted his being ordained, but demanded (1) that he was not be held back from being able to continue his ascetic life, and (2) he would remain freed from any priestly duties to minister to a specific church.
Jerome went with Paulinus to the Council of Constantinople and afterward continued with him to Rome in 381 C.E. Pope Damasus swiftly appreciated Jerome's learning and linguistic expertise. Inside of a year, Jerome was raised to the important position of personal secretary to Damasus.
Once in the position of personal secretary, Jerome seemed to attract controversy at every turn. For example, even though he lived in a luxurious papal court, he continued in his ascetic lifestyle. This was not only frowned upon, but he even went a step further and spoke out against the excessive lifestyle of the worldly clergy, creating numerous enemies.
Regardless of those who despised him, Jerome had the complete backing of Pope Damasus. Of course, the pope had very good reasons for seeing that Jerome continued in his Bible research. The Latin Bible version was in numerous forms; as many of them had been carelessly translated, filled with errors. Another problem that Damasus faced was the division of his church, the East, and the West. Few in the Eastern portion of the church knew Latin, and fewer still in the Western portion knew Greek.
Therefore, it was Pope Damasus' intention to have Jerome create a standard Latin text of the Gospels. Damasus desired a translation that would be a mirror image of the original language Greek texts, yet at the same time, be moving, stirring and powerful, as well as clear in Latin. Jerome and only a handful of other scholars were up to such a task. He was fluent in Greek, Latin, and Syriac and possessed a fundamental knowledge of Hebrew, making him well suited for the job. Therefore, Jerome was commissioned into a project by Damasus that would not be completed for the next 20 years of his life.
Greater Controversies Lie Ahead
Jerome was a translator with a mission, and it showed with the speed for which he was accomplishing his task. Jerome exhibited a clear, technique that would be used by the translator and the textual scholars over a millennium later. One of the leading textual scholars of the 20th century, the late Dr. Bruce M. Metzger, had this to say about Jerome's method:
Within a year or so Jerome was able to present Damasus with the first-fruits of his work, a revision of the text of the four Gospels, where the variations had been extreme. In a covering letter, he explained the principles, which he followed: he used a relatively good Latin text as the basis for his revision and compared it with some old Greek manuscripts. He emphasized that he treated the current Latin text [of his day] as conservatively as possible, and changed it only where the meaning was distorted. Though we do not have the Latin manuscripts, which Jerome chose as the basis of his work, it appears that they belonged to the European form of the Old Latin (perhaps they were similar to manuscript b). The Greek manuscripts apparently belonged to the Alexandrian type of text. (Metzger 1964, 1968, 1992, 76)
Initially, the Jerome Latin translation was well received. However, the critics came out of the woodwork to complain about the supposed liberties that he took in making his translation.
After I had written my former letter, containing a few remarks on some Hebrew words, a report suddenly reached me that certain contemptible creatures were deliberately assailing me with the charge that I had endeavored to correct passages in the gospels, against the authority of the ancients and the opinion of the whole world.[5]
These condemnations only grew in intensity after the death of Pope Damasus in 384 C.E. The new pope and Jerome did not have a working relationship like the one he had shared with Damasus, so he made the decision to leave Rome. Once again, Jerome was wandering toward the east.
Jerome Becomes a Hebrew Scholar
In 386 C.E., Jerome had found his way to Bethlehem, where he would spend the rest of his life. He was traveling with a few of those who had remained loyal to him, as well as Paula, a well-off woman of nobility from Rome. Paula had grown attracted to the plain and simple way of life without luxury, because of Jerome's influence. However, here financial wealth was used to establish a monastery under the direction of Jerome. It would be here that he would take his scholarly pursuits to an entirely new level, completing the ultimate work of his life.
As we likely remember, Jerome's understanding of Hebrew was only functional, so this new life in Bethlehem was going to offer him the opportunity at becoming an extraordinary Hebrew scholar. Here again, Paula was able to help him afford several different Jewish tutors, who helped him fully grasp a number of the most difficult characteristics of the language. Concerning one teacher, Jerome said,
What trouble and expense it cost me to get Baraninas to teach me under cover of night. For by his fear of the Jews he presented to me in his own person a second edition of Nicodemus.[6]
The Jews of Jerome's day were not too receptive to Gentiles for their failure to pronounce the guttural sounds properly. This did not dissuade Jerome though, as he simply put more effort into his studies, and was eventually able to master these sounds. In addition, Jerome transliterated numerous Hebrew words into Latin.[7] This method not only assisted him in remembering the words but also preserved the Hebrew pronunciation of that time.
The Greatest Controversy of Jerome
We are not sure how much of the Bible that Damasus wanted Jerome to translate. However, we are well aware of how much Jerome intended to accomplish. Jerome was very attentive and resolute. Jerome was determined to make available a revised Latin translation of the whole Bible.
Therefore, I beseech you, Paula and Eustochium, to pour out your supplications for me to the Lord, that so long as I am in this poor body, I may write something pleasing to you, useful to the Church, worthy of posterity. As for my contemporaries, I am indifferent to their opinions, for they pass from side to side as they are moved by love or hatred.[8]
The basis for the Old Testament was the Greek Septuagint (LXX).[9] The Septuagint was viewed by the Christians of the time as though God too inspired it.[10] It functioned as Scripture for the Greek-speaking Jews and was used by many Christians down to the time of Jesus and his apostles, as well up unto the time of Jerome. In the Greek New Testament, most of the 320 direct quotations and the collective total of perhaps 890 quotations and references to the Hebrew Old Testament are from the Septuagint.
Did the New Testament Authors Really Quote the Greek Septuagint Rather than Hebrew Text?
How Are We to Understand the New Testament Author's use of the Old Testament?
What Are We to Make of the New Testament Use of the Old Testament?
As Jerome got involved in the work of translating the Old Testament, he was again met with discrepancies, like had been the case with the different Latin manuscripts, and now between the different Greek manuscripts, he was using. One can only imagine the feeling of disappointment, exasperation, or weariness of this man as he realized the work that would be involved in translating, as well as making textual decisions too. In the end, Jerome simply decided that it would be more practical to scrap his plan of using the Greek manuscripts, and even the revered Septuagint, and to go with the Hebrew text as his basis for the translation.
Here is where Jerome finds himself being falsely accused as a forger of the text, a man who was disrespectful to God, deserting the traditions of the church in favor of the Jews. Even the leading theologian of Jerome's day, Augustine, begged him to drop the Hebrew text and return to the use of the Septuagint as the basis for his Latin translation, saying: "If your translation begins to be more generally read in many churches, it will be a grievous thing that, in the reading of Scripture, differences must arise between the Latin Churches and the Greek Churches."[11]
As you can see the fear that dwelled within Augustine, was the church to become even further divided? He feared that the Western churches would be using Jerome's Latin text based on the Hebrew text, while the Eastern Greek churches would be using the Greek Septuagint. Moreover, Augustine was concerned about setting aside the Greek Septuagint, for a translation that only Jerome would be able to defend.
How Did the Septuagint Bible Translation Change the World?
What was Jerome's reaction to all of these critics? He chose to stay true to himself; he simply ignored them. He stayed with the Hebrew text as the basis for his Latin translation of the Old Testament, and brought the whole Latin Bible to complete in 405 C.E. It would be labeled the Vulgate some years later, which is a reference to a commonly received version (the Latin vulgatus meaning "common, that which is popular").
The Accomplishment of Jerome
The Old Testament portion of the Latin translation that Jerome produced was not just a revision of the current Latin texts. It was the beginning of something far greater, a course change in the way the Bible was studied and translated. "The Vulgate," said historian Will Durant, "remains as the greatest and most influential literary accomplishment of the fourth century." (Durant 1950, 54)
Granted Jerome possessed a bitter or critical manner of speaking and a combative temperament, he by himself transmitted Bible research back to the inspired Hebrew text. With a sharp eye, he pored over and compared ancient Hebrew and Greek manuscripts of the Bible that are no longer accessible to us today. Jerome's monumental work was also accomplished before that of the Jewish Masoretes.[12] Therefore, the Vulgate is a treasured reference tool for comparing alternate renderings of Bible texts. Hence, it would seem that his and his fellow assistant's petitions were heard:
Therefore, I beseech you, Paula and Eustochium, to pour out your supplications for me to the Lord, that so long as I am in this poor body, I may write something pleasing to you, useful to the Church, worthy of posterity. As for my contemporaries, I am indifferent to their opinions, for they pass from side to side as they are moved by love or hatred.[13]
Jerome's translation of the Hebrew Scriptures was considerably more than simply some revision of a text that existed in his day. For centuries it altered the direction of Bible study and translation. "The Vulgate," said historian Will Durant, "remains as the greatest and most influential literary accomplishment of the fourth century." There is no denying it, Jerome would say things that were unkind and critical of others though often clever, with a contentious personality. He alone redirected Bible research back to the Hebrew text. With a sharp eye, he studied and compared ancient Hebrew and Greek Bible manuscripts, which are not available to us today. His work also came before that of the Jewish Masoretes. Therefore, the Vulgate is very valuable for examining alternate readings within Bible texts. Jerome's translation would become the basic Bible for Western Christianity, while the Greek Septuagint (LXX) continues to be used in Eastern Christianity even to this day.
HEBREW OLD TESTAMENT: Who Were the Masoretes and Why Are They So Important?
[1] Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, The Fourth Session, 1546.
[2] Rufinus of Aquileia, "The Apology of Rufinus", trans. William Henry Fremantle In , in A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series, Volume III: Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, Rufinus: Historial Writings, Etc., ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1892), 462-63.
[3] Jerome, "The Letters of St. Jerome", Volume VI: St. Jerome: Letters and Select Works, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1893), 36.
[5] Jerome, "The Letters of St. Jerome", Volume VI: St. Jerome: Letters and Select Works, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1893), 43-44.
[6] John 3:2; Ibid, Volume VI, 176.
[7] Transliterated means to represent letters or words written in one alphabet using the corresponding letters of another.
[8] Jerome, "Prefaces to the Books of the Vulgate Version of the Old Testament", Second Series, Volume VI: St. Jerome: Letters and Select Works, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1893), 493.
[9] A Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible made 280 and 150 B.C.E. to meet the needs of Greek-speaking Jews outside Palestine. The Septuagint contains some books not in the Hebrew canon. According to tradition Seventy-two Jewish scholars of Alexandria, Egypt made the Septuagint, in time it took on the Roman numerals LXX. Later, the number 70 somehow came to be used, and thus the version was called the Septuagint.
[10] We need to offer a word of caution here because the Greek Septuagint was not inspired. Moreover, there were a number of Greek translations made, which was not a carefully guard text, nor unified. Thus, there are considerable differences between the Greek and the Hebrew Old Testament.
[11] Augustine of Hippo, "Letters of St. Augustin", trans. J. G. Cunningham In , in A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, First Series, Volume I: The Confessions and Letters of St. Augustin With a Sketch of His Life and Work, ed. Philip Schaff (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1886), 327.
[12] The Masoretes were early Jewish scholars: any of the scholars who produced the Masoretic Text. The Masoretic Text was the Hebrew Bible: revised and annotated by Jewish scholars between the 6th and 10th centuries C.E.
[13] Jerome, "Prefaces to the Books of the Vulgate Version of the Old Testament", trans. W. H. Fremantle, G. Lewis and W. G. Martley In , in A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series, Volume VI: St. Jerome: Letters and Select Works, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1893), 493.
Bible Translations and Translators, History of the Bible, NTTS Sources, OTTS Sources, Trustworthiness of NT Documents, Trustworthiness of OT Documents, Versions of the Old Testament
Jerome's Latin Vulgate, Latin Bibles, The Latin Vulgate
UASV DAILY DEVOTIONAL, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2021
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text:
Dorance Armstrong
College: Kansas
Year 202220212020201920182017201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960
DefenseFumbles
Opp 19-1 - by Yard Line 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Opp 49-20 - by Yard Line 12 16 10 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Own 1-20 - by Yard Line 7 8 3 5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Own 21-50 - by Yard Line 9 6 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Game Halves
1st Half 14 21 12 9 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Last Two Minutes of Half 7 4 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2nd Half 10 10 3 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Home vs Road
Home Games 9 16 6 10 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Road Games 8 15 9 6 5.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Margin of Victory
Margin 0-7 4 5 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Margin 15+ 5 11 5 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Margin 8-14 3 4 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Point Differential
Ahead 13 14 9 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ahead by 1-8 Points 8 6 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ahead by 9-16 Points 5 6 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Behind 4 10 3 7 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Behind by 1-8 Points 2 4 1 3 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Behind by 9-16 Points 2 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tied 17 7 3 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1st Quarter 12 11 7 4 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4th Quarter 6 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4th Quarter within 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2nd Quarter 9 10 5 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3rd Quarter 5 7 2 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stadium Surfaces
Grass 5 10 4 6 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turf 12 21 11 10 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OWN FR
OPP FR
Opp 19-1 - by Yard Line 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Opp 49-20 - by Yard Line 12 1 0 1 0 2 0
Own 1-20 - by Yard Line 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
Own 21-50 - by Yard Line 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
1st Half 14 0 0 1 0 1 0
Last Two Minutes of Half 7 1 0 0 0 1 0
2nd Half 10 1 0 0 0 1 0
Home Games 9 1 0 0 0 1 0
Road Games 8 0 0 1 0 1 0
Margin 0-7 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
Margin 15+ 5 1 0 0 0 2 0
Margin 8-14 3 0 0 1 0 0 0
Ahead 13 1 0 0 0 1 0
Ahead by 1-8 Points 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ahead by 9-16 Points 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Behind 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
Behind by 1-8 Points 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Behind by 9-16 Points 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tied 17 0 0 1 0 1 0
1st Quarter 12 0 0 1 0 1 0
4th Quarter 6 1 0 0 0 1 0
4th Quarter within 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2nd Quarter 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
3rd Quarter 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grass 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turf 12 1 0 1 0 2 0
4th-round pick in the 2018 NFL Draft.
PRO: The Dallas Cowboys drafted Dorance Armstrong in the fourth round (116th overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft in the hopes that his combination of athleticism and relentless motor translated to the pro game. Through his first three NFL seasons, Armstrong has seen quality time as a reserve, and on special teams, playing in 46 games with two starts. He is again looking to have an increased role in Dallas' defensive line rotation in his fourth year as he has consistently shown improvement and flashes of his ability as an edge rusher through three seasons.
TRANSACTION SUMMARY:
4/28/18: Drafted in the fourth round (116th overall) by Dallas.
Played in all 16 games for the first time in his short career and started two contests, posting 33 tackles, one for a loss, nine pressures, two breakups and two fumble recoveries.
Added three tackles, a forced fumble and a fumble recovery on special teams coverage units.
Logged his first start of the season, finishing with a tackle and a hurry against the N.Y. Giants (10/1).
Selected as the special teams captain for the game against Cleveland (10/4).
Recovered his first career fumble, adding a tackle on both defense and special teams at Philadelphia (11/1).
Posted a career-best five tackles at Minnesota (11/22), then had three tackles on defense along with one tackle, a forced fumble and a recovered fumble on special teams against San Francisco (12/20).
Played in 15 games for the second straight season and notched 16 tackles, two sacks, nine pressures and a forced fumble as a reserve defensive lineman. Also nabbed two tackles on special teams.
Logged the first full sack of his career in the game against Green Bay (10/6), then had his first career forced fumble that was recovered by Jourdan Lewis and returned for a touchdown at the N.Y. Giants (11/4).
Notched a career-best five tackles in the win at Minnesota (11/22).
Played in 15 games with one start to log 15 tackles, a half sack, one tackle for a loss and six hurries as a rookie.
Made his NFL debut as a reserve lineman and notched two tackles in the opener at Carolina (9/9), then made the first start of his career against Jacksonville (10/14) and had two tackles.
Had his first sack stat, splitting one with Caraun Reid, against Tennessee (11/5).
Was an inactive for both of the club's playoff contests.
Kansas football's first-ever Preseason Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year and unanimous All-Big 12 first-team honoree as a junior, starting all 12 games and ranked third on the team with 63 total tackles, nine tackles for loss and 1.5 sacks. Also had seven hurries, four pass breakups, three forced fumbles and one fumble recovery.
A consensus Big 12 Conference first-team honoree, tallying 10.0 sacks, finishing fifth with 56 stops, 20 tackles for loss, five quarterback hurries, three forced fumbles and two fumbles recovered in his sophomore season.
Saw action in all 12 games his freshman season, starting five straight contests to end the year, and totaled 23 tackles, five tackles for loss, 3.5 sacks, as well as four pass breakups.
Closed his prep career as a first-team all-district selection at defensive end for North Shore High School in Houston, Texas.
Majored in liberal arts and sciences.
2018 Rookie Club presented by Essilor USA.
2018-19 Dallas Cowboys U High School Camp.
2019 Dallas Cowboys Draft Day/Fan Appreciation Party.
2019 NFL My Cause My Cleats Campaign.
Annual Team Holiday Hospital Visits.
Kick Off Luncheon and Dallas Cowboys Family Cookbook benefiting Happy Hill Farm.
Make-A-Wish Foundation of North Texas.
Salvation Army Angel Tree Christmas Program.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Andrew V. Frane
Publication Home > Vol 12, No 1 (2019) >	Frane
Some clarifications regarding power and Type I error control for pairwise comparisons of three groups
A previous study in this journal used Monte Carlo simulations to compare the power and familywise Type I error rates of ten multiple-testing procedures in the context of pairwise comparisons in balanced three-group designs. The authors concluded that the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure was the "best."' However, they did not compare the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure to commonly used multiple-testing procedures that were developed specifically for pairwise comparisons, such as Fisher's protected least significant difference and Tukey's honest significant difference. Simulations in the present study show that in the three-group case, Fisher's method is more powerful than both Tukey's method and the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. Compared to the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure, Tukey's method is shown to be less powerful in terms of per-pair power (average probability of significance across the tests of false null hypotheses), but more powerful in terms of any-pair power (probability of significance in at least one test of a false null hypothesis). Additionally, the present study shows that small deviations from normality in the population distributions have little effect on the power of pairwise comparisons, and that the previous study's finding to the contrary was based on a methodological inconsistency.
DOI Code: 10.1285/i20705948v12n1p55
Keywords: Type I error; multiple comparisons; multiple testing; multiplicity; power
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Seaman, M. A., Levin, J. R., and Serlin, R. C. (1991). New developments in pairwise multiple comparisons: Some powerful and practicable procedures. Psychological Bulletin, 110(3):577–586.
Shaffer, J. P. (1986). Modified sequentially rejective multiple test procedures. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81(395):826–831.
Tamhane, A. C. (2009). Statistical analysis of designed experiments: Theory and applications. Wiley.
Tukey, J. W. (1953). The problem of multiple comparisons. In H. I. Braun (Ed.), The collected works of John W. Tukey, volume VIII multiple comparisons: 1948–1983. Wiley.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia License.


this is an assignment i recieved i have been trying to get it to work but it wont.i edited a couple times but i still get the same messages can anyone assist?
The purpose of the program is to assist with the check-in and searching of guests registered at the La Guardia Oasis Villa Hotel.
Edited 6 Years Ago by pritaeas: Added code tags.
The end on line 50 is the first problem, then again on 57 and 58. I suggest you read up on basic syntax and control structures.
Looking quickly all your if tests are using wrong syntax. For example row 36 you write (if menu:=1 then) this should either generate an error as this expression menu:=1 is not a test it is an assignment.
You should be writing if menu=1 then. This is a question. Depending upon your compiler as to what error messages will be shown by your tests. A good compiler will say this is not a question but an assignment which should be in error but some may say this person just wants to set menu to 1 and the if test will check whether it can or not be set to 1 but if it can and since you have declared it as integer yes we can set it to 1 for you and then this test will always be true. Sorry for such a long winded answer but hope it helps and you can see what I am getting at.
PS I see you are from Saint Catherines, I had a friend there once (1972 she was about 15). Her name was Christine Demya.. something. She was in Ukrainian scouts. I wonder what happened to her.
Simple pascal lab, error 106.
How do I allow a string to contain only the values 0 and 1?


While Spanish and French explorers first landed in Florida early within the sixteenth century, Timucua audio system occupied extra land zone and have been extra a number of than the other aboriginal workforce. this is often their first targeted background, a tremendous learn that locations its writer within the vanguard of Spanish colonial historians operating within the usa. The Timucua are the single local humans of Florida whose language survives in literature in adequate caliber and volume to allow major examine. counting on formerly unused files, this account of the Timucua lines their adventure from first touch with Europeans to their exile to Cuba in 1763 and their ultimate eradication. starting with the query in their quantity and their destinations in northern Florida and southern Georgia, John Hann examines the Timucua's contacts with a variety of ecu teams, beginning with Ponce de Le?n's excursion. He incorporates a unique presentation in their adventure lower than the undertaking regimes, and covers such issues because the Europeans' descriptions of the folks, their language, tradition, and political constructions, the derivation in their language, and the meanings in their placenames and titles. He additionally resolves confusion over the level of the territory of a Timucua subgroup referred to as the Mocama, and discusses different Florida local peoples who moved into Timucua territory as refugees through the first 1/2 the 18th century.
In the course of the centuries following ecu touch, the realm of overdue prehistoric Mississippian chiefdoms collapsed and local groups there fragmented, migrated, coalesced, and reorganized into new and infrequently really assorted societies. The editors of this quantity, Robbie Ethridge and Sheri M. Shuck-Hall, argue that this kind of interval and zone of instability and regrouping constituted a "shatter quarter.
While Spanish and French explorers first landed in Florida early within the sixteenth century, Timucua audio system occupied extra land region and have been extra quite a few than the other aboriginal workforce. this is often their first distinctive historical past, an important examine that locations its writer within the leading edge of Spanish colonial historians operating within the usa.
Validated in 1824, the us Indian provider, referred to now because the Bureau of Indian Affairs, used to be the employer accountable for conducting U. S. treaty and belief tasks to American Indians, however it additionally sought to "civilize" and assimilate them. In Federal Fathers and moms, Cathleen Cahill deals the 1st in-depth social heritage of the enterprise in the course of the peak of its assimilation efforts within the overdue 19th and early 20th centuries.
Modern indigenous peoples in North the United States confront a distinct hindrance. whereas they're reclaiming their ancient prestige as sovereign countries, mainstream pop culture maintains to depict them as cultural minorities just like different ethnic americans. those depictions of indigenous peoples as "Native americans" entire the wider narrative of the US as a safe haven to the world's immigrants and a house to modern multicultural democracies, resembling the us and Canada.
Scarry (1985:222) proposed that Jefferson Ware be subsumed within Lamar Complicated Stamped. Until the early 1990s the protohistoric and late prehistoric ceramics of Utina Province were as unknown as those of Yustaga. All that was known was that LeonJefferson Ware also was a characteristic of the few missionera sites that had been located and explored to some degree. Work at the Fig Springs site in Itchetucknee State Park and a search for other places mentioned by de Soto's chroniclers produced data on the region's late prehistoric ceramics that have shown them to be similar to those of the Alachua tradition.
Most or all of the rest, the Yufera, Utina or Timucua, Freshwater, Acuera, Ocone, Tucururu, and possibly Tawasa, are dialects of the people so named by Spaniards. The Tucururu are a possible exception. " Vinson's choice of Côte, or "Coast," to refer to the Mocama dialect appears to be based on Pareja's (1612b:60) reference to his parishioners' dialect in one of his first two catechisms. " Pareja's two references in his grammar to an Agua Salada or Saltwater dialect indicate that the dialect which he characterized as "Saltwater" was distinct from the "Maritime" dialect in which he wrote all of Page 7 his works (Adam and Vinson 1886:88, 121).
There is general agreement that they were living in the vicinity of Montgomery, Alabama, by the 1680s. Because of the slight and dubious evidence that exists for the Tawasa's Timucua identity, this work will henceforth ignore the Tawasa except in the chapter on the Timucua language (Hann 1988b:92103). Timucua's Archaeological Traditions Timucua-speakers at contact belonged to an undefined number of distinct material cultural traditions, as one might expect of people who occupied so extensive a territory with such a diversity of habitats.


The City of Bedford's Tax Rate is 3%. The City allows a credit of up to 2.25% on other City withholding taxes paid.
On May 2, 2017 the residents of the City of Bedford voted and passed a municipal income tax rate and credit rate increase. Effective January 1, 2018, the income tax increased from 2.25% to 3.0% and the residential income tax credit will increase from 1.5% to 2.25%.
Use the links to the left to find tax forms and other information.
Payment of all individual and business taxes is due by April 15th or the IRS tax due date.
Estimated payments are billed on a quarterly basis for your convenience.
Effective Tax Year 2002 and after, Retired and/or Permanently Disabled residents with no earned income are not required to file a tax return, provided the taxpayer has filed a previous year's tax return establishing residency.
The Tax Department offers all residents the ability to calculate and print your municipal income tax return online. Go to File Tax Return Online to file your tax return on line. After completion of the return, please send the return, including all documentation, by US mail to the Tax Department.
If you have any questions, please contact the Tax Department at (440) 735-6505.
Pursuant to Chapter 178.10 of the City of Bedford Codified Ordinances entitled, "Penalty, Interest, Fees and Charges", interest at the rate of 5% per annum will be imposed on any unpaid income tax, estimated income tax, and withholding tax required to be paid or remitted to the City of Bedford on or after January 1, 2016 for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2016.
With respect to unpaid tax and unpaid estimated income tax, a penalty equal to fifteen percent of the amount not timely paid shall be imposed.
With respect to any unpaid withholding tax, a penalty equal to and not to exceed fifty percent of the amount not timely paid shall be imposed.
An extension may be requested by any business or individual unable to complete their tax return by the deadline. IRS extension forms are available on the IRS website www.irs.gov.
Beginning with tax year 2016, obtaining a federal extension will automatically extend your City of Bedford due date to the approved federal due date (usually October 15th). However, the federal government does not share information with the City of Bedford, so it is strongly recommended (to avoid confusion) that a copy of the federal extension form be attached to the extended return when filed. A taxpayer can also call or otherwise notify the City that a federal extension was filed.
An extension of time to file is NOT an extension of time to pay. Payment of any balance due must accompany a request for extension to file. Penalty and interest are charged for late payment of taxes. See chapter 178.10 of the Bedford Codified Ordinances.


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Department of Electronics and Information Technology Current Affairs, GK & News
IIT Kharagpur Inks MoU for High Performance Computing Facility & Data Center
IIT Kharagpur has signed an MoU with Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) to set up a 1.3 Petaflop high-performance computing facility and data centre funded under the National Supercomputing Mission. The new supercomputing system would be used for specific challenge domains like cryptography, chemistry, molecular dynamics, drug discovery, artificial intelligence and data sciences ..
Month: Current Affairs - March, 2019
Category: Science & Technology Current Affairs
Topics: C-DAC • Centre for Development of Advanced Computing • Department of Electronics and Information Technology • Department of Science and Technology • IIT Kharagpur • national supercomputing mission • PetaFlop
Now minimum broadband speed is 512 kbps: TRAI
As per a notification released by Telecom Regulatory Authority India (TRAI),the minimum broadband speed has been raised to 512 kilo bytes per second (kbps). The earlier minimum broadband speed of 256 kbps was as per the Broadband Policy 2004. The telecom regulator has made amendment to the Telecom Consumers Complaint Redressal Regulations, 2012 and the ..
Month: Current Affairs - July, 2014
Topics: Current Affairs 2014 • Department of Electronics and Information Technology • IBPS • IT • TRAI
DeitY's ''Mobile Seva" project wins UN Public Service Award
India's Mobile Seva Project started by Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) has won the 2014 United Nations Public Service Award. The award has been given in the category of promoting whole of government approaches in Information Age. The United Nations Public Service Awards is the most prestigious international recognition of excellence in public ..
Month: Current Affairs - May, 2014
Category: Awards, Persons & Places in News
Topics: Current Affairs 2014 • Department of Electronics and Information Technology • IT • UN
Union Government okayed two plants to manufacture Semiconductor chips
In a bid to give boost to local production of electronics, the Union Government approved the setting up of two plants to manufacture semiconductor chips in India. The two electronic chip manufacturing units will be set up by: India's Jaiprakash Associates, IBM and Tower Jazz at a cost of Rs 34,399 crore near the Yamuna ..
Month: Current Affairs - February, 2014
Topics: Current Affairs - 2017 • Current Affairs 2014 • Department of Electronics and Information Technology • Telecommunication
Govt. launched 'National Cloud' Under 'MeghRaj'
Govt. launched the National Cloud under 'MeghRaj' initiative. National Information Centre (NIC) is providing Cloud services under the umbrella of 'MeghRaj'. About MeghRaj In order to utilize and harness the benefits of Cloud Computing, the Central Government has embarked upon an ambitious initiative – 'GI Cloud' which has been named as 'MeghRaj'. Focus: To accelerate ..
Topics: Current Affairs 2014 • Department of Electronics and Information Technology • IT


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Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
Geologic Disposal of Nuclear Waste
Storage and Transportation
Sandia Energy > Programs > Nuclear Waste Management > Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is the world's only licensed and operating deep geologic repository for transuranic nuclear waste disposal. Sandia supports activities including modifications to the repository's operating permits, periodic recertifications of the repository, modifications to the repository's operating permits, and on-going monitoring of the repository performance against regulatory requirements. Building on a forty-five-year history with WIPP, Sandia is now engaged in shaping technical solutions to national nuclear waste management challenges that go well beyond disposal of transuranic waste.
WIPP release pathways
Sandia's WIPP performance assessment computing cluster
Normalized cumulative release representations for WIPP 10,000 years after closure
Defining Transuranic Waste
The term transuranic waste means waste containing more than 100 nanocuries of alpha-emitting transuranic isotopes per gram of waste, with half-lives greater than twenty years; with the exception of high-level radioactive waste.
WIPP transuranic waste is derived from defense-related activities and includes such items as laboratory and industrial waste contaminated with transuranic radionuclides, alpha-emitting radionuclides with relatively little gamma emission, and fewer fission products than spent nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive waste.
Isolation in Salt
Transuranic waste is disposed of in salt as a result of key benefits, including:
Intact salt is essentially impermeable and does not contain flowing groundwater. Additionally, the water that is present in salt formations is salt-saturated brine, and incapable of further dissolution.
Salt creep will close fractures, consolidate crushed salt backfill, allow shaft seals to function like intact rock, and close disposal panels. Eventually all transuranic waste will be encapsulated in intact salt.
There is no reliance on waste packages for long-term isolation and waste is assumed to be exposed to the host rock environment as soon as the repository is closed.
Eventually the waste containers will resemble this cross-section of a crushed drum of surrogate waste.
Sandia's Current Work at WIPP
Sandia's support for the Department of Energy (DOE) on matters pertaining to WIPP has evolved over time. It began with site characterization in the mid-1970s. It then moved to extensive testing in the WIPP underground as excavations ensued in the 1980s. In the 1990s, Sandia began to focus heavily on modeling and simulation in order to estimate the cumulative releases of radioactive material to the accessible environment that might occur over the 10,000-year period following WIPP's closure– the regulatory period of interest to the EPA, WIPP's federal regulator. From the late 1990s on, Sandia has continued to offer scientific advice to DOE on matters pertaining to WIPP's long-term performance, the centerpiece of which continues to be ever more sophisticated modeling and simulation work, informed by fundamental, but WIPP-relevant studies in geochemistry, geomechanics, and geohydrology.
DOE must submit to the EPA a compliance recertification application every five years following the first receipt of waste at WIPP (March 26, 1999). So far, four such recertification applications have been submitted. Sandia was heavily involved in the crafting of those applications given that we are responsible for much of the technical and scientific work described in them. Between these recertification application submittals, Sandia's support is also invoked for regulatory submittals (called Planned Change Requests or Planned Change Notices), where analysis and computer simulations of repository performance in light of DOE's proposed change inform EPA regulatory judgments about the changes in question. The newest of these considerations has to do with DOE's proposal to add waste disposal panels to the west of the existing underground excavations. This would more than double the physical footprint of the waste disposal areas in the repository and it will require significant departures from the way in which Sandia has historically modeled the repository in its performance assessment calculations. These new approaches are under development.
In parallel with these performance assessment-related activities, Sandia is conducting research in geochemistry and geomechanics that may result in enhancements to implementation of our modifications to one or more of the twenty-four conceptual models for WIPP. There may also be a need to recalculate transmissivity fields that are used to model the movement of groundwater through a dolomite layer just above the salt formation in which the repository is mined.
Finally, Sandia provides support for DOE's National TRU Program Office, the arm of DOE's Carlsbad Field Office that works with waste generator sites across the nation to optimize long-term waste shipment schedules, keep WIPP's waste acceptance criteria up to date, and coordinate interfaces between WIPP operations and the TRU waste complex. In this capacity, we provide system studies and analyses at the direction of the DOE customer.
WIPP geochemistry wet lab
Sandia's Carlsbad remote site
Groundwater well video logging
Paul Shoemaker
peshoem@sandia.gov


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Eminem just broke through the floor at the Oscars and people are confused
By Marianne Garvey, CNN
Updated 2:32 PM EST, Mon February 10, 2020
Eminem performs "Lose Yourself" at the Oscars on Sunday, Feb. 9, 2020, at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles.
Chris Pizzello/Invision/AP
Lin-Manuel Miranda introduced a song medley at the 92nd Academy Awards, and it appeared it was just another compilation of songs in movies that have had an impact.
But then … Eminem came on stage to perform "Lose Yourself" and received a standing ovation from the crowd.
Although those at home seemed torn. Some took to Twitter to praise the performance and some were shaking their heads as to why he was there.
Either way, it was a moment.
Whole Oscars crowd about to go hit a workout after Eminem "Lose Yourself" performance.
Besides that old guy that was sleeping, obviously.
Eminem surprise at the Oscars is MAJOUR !!
— Real Late 2 Soon Come (@Rosenbergradio) February 10, 2020
Cutting to Martin Scorsese during the Eminem musical number is automatically next year's best short film winner.
— Eric Vespe (@EricVespe) February 10, 2020
Me watching Eminem performing at the #Oscars..... 😬🥴 pic.twitter.com/K0WcCVoAD5
— mikenna (@hwrdperez) February 10, 2020
Eminem himself took to Twitter to explain. "Look, if you had another shot, another opportunity… Thanks for having me @The Academy," he wrote, adding, "Sorry it took me 18 years to get here."
Look, if you had another shot, another opportunity... Thanks for having me @TheAcademy. Sorry it took me 18 years to get here. pic.twitter.com/CmSw2hmcZo
— Marshall Mathers (@Eminem) February 10, 2020
"Lose Yourself," from the movie "8 Mile," won the 2003 Academy Award for best original song, but the rapper did not attend that year's ceremony.


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ALP Votes for Genderless Birth Certificates
Martyn Iles | December 18, 2018
The Australian Labor Party yesterday voted to affirm support to review gender rules surrounding legal documents like birth certificates.
The move comes despite claims by the Leader of the Opposition Bill Shorten that he doesn't support the policy.
Martyn Iles, managing director of the Australian Christian Lobby, warned that the Labor Leader's personal opinion was in direct conflict with his party's clear policy commitment.
"Mr Shorten must know that a government he could lead after May would progress the Labor Party platform," said Mr Iles.
"The move for genderless documents is already on in earnest - the birth certificates policy has been implemented in the Northern Territory and Tasmania looks set to follow."
"There is no doubt that the newly elected Victorian Labor government will once again look at changing gender requirements on birth certificates after they attempted the change during their last term."
The Australian Christian Lobby has consistently spoken out against this policy, which removes important biological truths from birth certificates.
"A birth certificate is a legal and historical document, a snapshot of the biological facts surrounding one's birth. They should not be tampered with."
"Since the marriage debate ACL has continuously warned that there would be broader consequences to the de-gendering of marriage. This policy adopted by the Labor Party is just one piece of evidence that supports our concern," commented Mr Iles.
media birth certificates gender theory gender and sexuality
ACL Donates $100,000 to Israel Folau, Launches Alternative Fundraising Site
In the wake of GoFundMe's removal of Israel Folau's fundraiser, the Australian Christian Lobby has today donated $100,000 to his legal defence...


Today will be another day where you won't feel like socializing with anyone. Taking a little bit of alone time away from the people around you is normal, there's no need to explain yourself. This is just your way of hitting the reset button and charging your batteries.
Everything will go as usual in your romantic relationship. Luckily, your partner knows how to respect your much needed alone time. You only fear that you don't know how to handle these days where you feel like leaving it all and searching for your true purpose in some far away land.
When someone suggests doing any kind of leisure activity, your automatic response is no, as small or big as it may be. You're able to answer almost immediately and think that these expenses are unnecessary, but this couldn't be farther from the truth.
You should consider the fact that enjoying yourself while taking part in leisure activities is actually a positive investment for you. If you focus solely on your work and you abandon your personal life, you'll end up seeming more like a robot than a human being. No one wants to be around a cold person that only focuses on one thing in life.
You head directly to your bed when things don't go as you planned or expected. It's like a safe haven for you; there, you feel like no one can bother you or see you at your most vulnerable moments.
When you don't let your feelings out, it's harder for you to turn off the voice inside that makes you feel apathetic and like you don't want to do anything. If the pressure builds up too much, you might end up having difficulties sleeping over the next few days.


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The Joy of Friendship
Tags: John, Love, Wendell Berry
It is good to be back with you after three Sundays absenct. I was attending the Yale Writers' Conference and had a delightful time. One of the biggest surprises of the trip occurred on Pentecost Sunday, when I chose to attend worship at Center Church On-the-Green, the historic UCC congregation that sits in the middle of the New Haven green. Shortly after I sat down in the pew, as I was reading over the bulletin, a man walked up to shake my hand and say, "Welcome to New Haven." As I looked up, it was our own Bruce Garver. He and Karen had walked in behind me. It truly is a small world when you can cross half a continent and go to church with the same people you see every Sunday. Bruce and Karen had been members of that church forty years before, and Bruce had been the moderator. So, it makes sense that they would be there on their vacation, but it was a surprise that we were in the same place, because there were other UCC choices, including United Church which sits only about 100 yards away from Center Church. 300 years ago there was a fight in the congregation and those who left built their church right next door. Bruce was glad that I had sided with the right folk in my selection of which church to attend.
The day I left town was actually my fifth wedding anniversary. More
The day I left town was actually my fifth wedding anniversary. I think Michael was okay with that because that evening he had his major annual fundraiser for work, so we wouldn't have been able to celebrate that night anyway. He may not have been too pleased with a seventeen day delay in our celebration, however.
June, of course, is wedding season. I realize now that as a minister maybe I should have chosen another month to get married in, because sometimes I've had to celebrate someone else's wedding on the weekend that otherwise I'd be celebrating my own.
June is a good time to think about marriage. And much has changed about marriage and relationships in recent decades, and not just the historic legal victories of same-sex couples. These days almost every couple I marry has lived together for years. Researchers point out that not only are more people marrying later, but that marriage rates are now higher among the more educated and the more affluent and that those marriages are more likely to last longer. Of course the high divorce rates in our culture have been a feature of the last thirty or forty years.
A sexual revolution began in American culture in the 1960's, partially a factor of growing economic opportunity and political equality for women. Also the advent of the birth control pill and new antibiotics.
According to some studies, young adults date less often now, but are having more sex. Though other researchers have disputed those findings.
But it isn't just marriage and sex which have changed, so have families. The nuclear family of the middle twentieth century was always something of an historical aberration. These days families are incredibly diverse, spread out geographically, and often inclusive of folk not genetically related to you. It was the gay community which developed the concept of "families of choice," which has been adopted more broadly. These days many people will count as family their closest friends, an elderly neighbor, or people they go to church with. It's likely that many of us spend our holidays with people who don't share our genes.
What does the contemporary Christian church, then, have to say about things like sex, marriage, family, and friendship? And about the practices, the disciplines, and the virtues that sustain and strengthen our relationships, things like celebration, humility, forgiveness, generosity, delight, and courage? Responding to those questions is the task I've set myself for this summer, and I'm calling this series "The Work of Love."
The title comes to me from a Wendell Berry poem, the one read earlier in the service. Berry, you'll remember, is my favourite poet. He is also a Kentucky farmer, farming the same land that his father and his grandfather farmed before him.
This particular poem comes from his book A Timbered Choir. That book is a collection of poems he wrote on Sunday mornings after walking through the woods and over the fields on and near his farm. It was his communion with God in nature that spurred his thinking and inspired his writing. Often the poems reflect on his marriage, as this one does, recognizing his 35th anniversary. In the closing lines of the poem, we read:
where we know
we are, even as we do,
the work of love.
It seems to me that this "work of love" he speaks of is threefold. First, it is the work of farming. Berry farms in the old ways of his father and grandfather, believing that it is his responsibility to God, nature, and other people to be a good steward of the land he has been given responsibility for. Therefore he tends the soil, wanting to leave it better and richer than he found it. He nurtures the woods and the native flora and fauna. He works to keep the creek water clean and pure.
These old ways of farming are difficult work, but they are also loving work. And Berry understands that they are metaphors for the other work he must do in his life, including the work of his marriage, which is the second meaning of the "work of love." One of the biggest surprises to me, after five years of marriage, is how much work marriage is. I'm a rather independent and even stubborn person, so adjusting everything to accommodate another person is still something I'm working on. Some of you who have been married far longer than me, inform me that it remains hard work.
But just as with the farming, this work of love is also good work and holy work, bearing much fruit.
The final way that Berry means the "work of love," is about God and God's role in nature. As Berry meanders through fields and leaps across creeks, he hears the birds singing and the frogs croaking and watches the leaves changing colors with the season. In all of this he sees the love of God at work, and that love becomes the source from which Berry draws in order to carry out his own work—on the farm and in his marriage.
So, this work of love isn't just what we do, it is what we are, who we are becoming. This work is the result, as he says at the opening of the poem, of a choice, a decision, made without foresight but rooted in our love for another. It is a commitment that we make to one another, a commitment that we hope will be sustained. It flows from our central being, who we are. And it is this territory which we will be inhabiting the rest of this summer.
The best place to begin, it seems to me, is with the big question, "What is Love?"
And, yes, all week the Haddaway song of the same name has been stuck in my head:
Baby, don't hurt me
Don't hurt me no more
But that lyric doesn't have much of an answer for us. Instead, I turned to my favourite theologian, James McClendon, who answers this question in his systematic theology. Love is three different, interrelated things. Before I get to all of those, I first want to say something about a misunderstanding that the church has often promulgated. Much has been made of the different Greek words for love—agape, eros, philia, and I can never remember the fourth one. Some theologians in the twentieth century, including C. S. Lewis, made clear distinctions between those saying that there were four different types of love. However, more recently many scholars have disagreed with those distinctions. In the ancient Greek there may be nuances to certain words, but they can be used interchangeably and fade into one another. Even agape is used in Greek to describe sexual love, not just divine love. In Greek as in English and also in Hebrew the term love is broad and inclusive of many different kinds of loving. Back, then to McClendon's three things that answer the question, "What is love?"
First, love is a feeling. If I asked you to share the story of your first kiss, I'm sure you could. Remember the innocence and the thrill. Or how about some time when someone special told you that they loved you. Or you told them. How did you feel when your children were born? Or when you first held your adopted child? Or when you saw a friend whom you hadn't seen in many years?
Love is feeling, but it is also an achievement, as philosopher Alva Noë wrote in an article for NPR's Cosmos and Culture blog in 2010, "Love is an achieved openness" and a learned behavior, much like learning to read. It requires that we come to see and to know another person, and that seeing and that knowing take time and work.
McClendon calls this love as a virtue. If the feelings of love are to continue and to develop over time, then love must become a habit, part of our character, developed through deliberately chosen actions.
Now, often in Western culture, in the romantic myth of love that has dominated our thinking for almost a thousand years, love is passion "understood as deprivation and yearning," which, once found, is often temporary and tragic. The greatest of loves often lead to death. Think of Tristan and Isolde or Rome and Juliet. And even in the romantic films we all enjoy, love is this longing for something that is difficult to find.
The Christian love story, however, says something different. We believe that love is a gift. It is what Jesus tells us in today's gospel lesson. Here is McClendon's summary of the Christian love story:
A God who is the very Ground of Adventure, the Weaver of society's Web, the Holy Source of nature in its concreteness—the one and only God, who, when time began, began to be God for a world that in its orderly constitution finally came by his will and choice to include also—ourselves. We human beings, having our natural frame and basis, with our own (it seemed our own) penchant for community, and (it seemed) our own hankerings after adventure, found ourselves, before long, in trouble. Our very adventurousness led us astray; our drive to cohesion fostered monstrous imperial alternatives to the adventure and the sociality of the Way God had intended, while our continuity with nature became an excuse to despise ourselves and whatever was the cause of us. We sin. In his loving concern, God set among us, by every means infinite wisdom could propose, the foundations of a new human society; in his patience he sent messengers to recall the people of his Way to their way; in the first bright glimmers of opportunity he sent—himself, incognito, without splendor and fanfare, the Maker amid the things made, the fundamental Web as if a single fiber, the Ground of Adventure risking everything in this adventure. His purpose—sheer love; his means—pure faith; his promise—unquenchable hope. In that love he lived a life of love; by that faith he died a faithful death; from that death he rose to fructify hope for the people of his Way, newly gathered, newly equipped. The rest of the story is still his—yet it can also be ours, yours. That is the fundamental love story of the Christian faith.
And the central theme of that story is gift. God freely and graciously giving to the world and to us. Love isn't primarily a longing for what is difficult to achieve. It is giving of ourselves to others even as God has given to us. Let me read another quote from McClendon:
[Love] is God's gift, the gift that is ever present, breaking down our so carefully enacted barriers of race and class and caste, melting our resistance to the ongoing of the generations, overcoming (while life shall last) our destructive and self-destructive urges, welding us together in a unity that (if God's love be true) death itself cannot destroy. As gift it returns to the giver; God is love, and to the extent that we love (who would narrow the sense of the term here?), to that extent we abide in God, and [God] in us.
What is love? Love is feeling, Love is virtue, Love is gift. And God is love. To the extent that we love, we become part of God. And so the work of love that we engage in—sex with our partners, nurturing our children, caring for our parents, celebrating with our friends—all of this is also the work of drawing closer to God, becoming more like God, being a part of God. For it is also God working through us, giving of God's self to us.
All of this is what we will be exploring this summer, as we live out the teaching of Jesus in today's gospel "Love one another as I have loved you."
More Than ConquerorsJune 11 2017What Kind of Love Is This?November 19 2017The Good ThingsJune 18 2017


According to bizcommunity LinkedIn reached a whopping 3 million users in South Africa at the end of October this year! And a remarkable 11 million members in total for the continent!
LinkedIn has grown massively over the past couple of years; as a result there are more than 259 million member Worldwide..and is reportedly growing at 2 members per second- that's 200,000 new members EVERY DAY! Impressive?
More than 60% of LinkedIn members return every month.
Only 13% of members' time is spent on managing their professional profile.
71% network with other professionals.
69% learn what other colleagues are doing.
54% stay up-to-date with industry discussions.
But which statistic do you fit into?


ANAlysisofmylife...: TIPS on how to clean your brushes everyday.
TIPS on how to clean your brushes everyday.
Q: How do you often do you clean or wash your lovely brushes?
Oh yeah! I don't really wash them that often. Like twice every 2 weeks will do. WHY?
What you need to do is just to dab it, rubbed ( with care ), Stroke it in different ways until nothing is left on your brush.
First side. Can you see what's left on your brushes after using them?
TIME of course, you don't need to wash them everyday.


Our Wedding Weekend and Wedding Day was even more magical and memorable than we initially anticipated it to be because Tom and Brenda captured every detail and every movement from the entire day! The vivid imagery from the photography was absolutely perfect! We are so very pleased with our wedding pictures as we are to have met Tom and Brenda, who are more like family to us than a business partner! They truly took the time to listen to us to know what we wanted for our wedding pictures, followed me on Pinterest for wedding picture ideas that I wanted captured that day, and kept in contact with us during the months leading up to our entire wedding weekend to make sure we were doing well or if we had any questions. They even took the time to travel up to the Stroudsmoor Country Inn in Stroudsburg, PA in the Pocono Mountains with us a month before our wedding to see our wedding venue and get initial ideas as to how the day was going to flow and how the lighting will be set up to capture the best images. Tom and Brenda, we thank you from the bottom of our hearts, not only for taking perfect wedding photos for us to embrace for many years to come, but thank you for becoming apart of our family forever. You receive our highest recommendation for your services and profession.
Thanks Erica for taking time to review us. You guys rock and the event was amazing. We are still smiling and grinning from ear to ear for the opportunity we had to work with you and Paul.
Tom, Brenda and his team were an absolute pleasure! We're so glad we found them and that they chose to do our wedding. We also did engagement and a bridal shoot with them and we hope can have them capture many more memories throughout the years!
They were very thorough and easy to work with--Tom and Brenda are two of the sweetest people we know--by the time our wedding rolled around, they were the vendor we were most comfortable with. They visited our venue with and without us a few times to check out lighting, places to take photos, etc. Plus, the images they captured that day were absolutely amazing. Tom and his team are incredibly talented, fun to work with and will work with you to create any shot you've seen online or are a "must-have" to capture. Our friends and family keep raving about how great the photos are and how wonderful Tom and Brenda are.
Where to even begin! In some ways it felt as though our photographers Tom and Brenda were interviewing us just as much as we were interviewing them when we first met them. We could not have been more happy that we chose them and they in turn chose to also work with us. The simplest way to explain just how much Tom and Brenda meant to us during this whole process would be to say that after our experience we will probably never work with any other photographer period. They were truly one of the best parts of our whole experience (next to actually getting married) and we are forever grateful to them. Not only did we get amazing photos but we got two new friends. Thank you Tom and Brenda!
Thanks so much Nate! You guys are very special to us and alot of others. Kind words and appreciated.
Tom and Brenda did an awesome job capturing many special moments throughout our wedding day. They arrived at the venue very early to make sure they had plenty of time to set up there equipment and take pictures of all the simple decorations that were apart of our wedding. They went above and beyond as they made a video of our wedding ceremony and a slide show of our pictures! We enjoyed working with Tom and Brenda, and we would definitely recommend them!
Thanks you Amanda, what a beautiful bride you were and the work you put into each setting and details inspired us to deliver all that we could to make your day special. Thanks so much. Big Gumbo Love to you and Cody!
Piratical Photography's approach to photography is like no other. They get angles and shots that you won't see any where else. They set up equipment in places that perfectly capture the most important moments of your day. They are very flexible with different styles of photos. Tom is willing to re-create shots that you've found on the internet and even has the creativity to make his own signature shots. This company is fun to work with and they are eager to make sure you get everything you're looking for in your photos. We would highly recommend Piratical Photography to anyone that desires unique yet classic photos of their big day.
We are so happy that we decided to use Piratical Photography as our wedding photographers. Tom and Brenda visited our wedding venue a couple of times before the actual wedding day .The morning of the wedding, Tom and Brenda coordinated with each other to make sure they photographed the bride/bridesmaids and groom/groomsmen throughout the getting ready stages of the day. Looking back at the pictures now, it is so cool for my husband and I to be able to see the images of each other during that important time period. I remember telling Tom that I hadn't seen my wedding band yet and Mark hadn't see his yet either, so he coordinated with Brenda to get the two rings + engagement ring in a private area and photographed them together. I am so grateful that every important detail was captured during the wedding ceremony. I couldn't be happier with these. Some of my favorites are in black and white. They look timeless and really make the white wedding gown stand out. Another one of my favorites is the barn shot when we are all standing in front of it, or maybe the porch shot.I can't decide lol. During the reception, Tom and Brenda managed to get all of the friends and family shots. They delivered the professionalism and product that was promised to us. After this part was over, the reception festivities began. You don't really know how many pictures are being taken during the reception until you see them all. So, to Tom and Brenda, Thank you so much for your professionalism, organization, and high quality work on our most memorable day so far. When Mark and I look through the pictures, we get to re-live our wedding day.You guys were like photography ninjas getting every angle and shot. Thanks again for everything!
P.S. if anyone ones to take a look at our pics, they are on the Piratical website under 'Wathen Wedding'.
It really was a pleasure to work with Tom and Brenda from Piratical Photography. They were very professional and very knowledgeable about the wedding and photography industry. They had provided a sample photograph shoot list, which was very helpful for me to prepare my version of it. They also improvised as needed. They also provided non-photography advice while I was preparing for the wedding during the day.
Laura, thanks so much for the kind words and thoughts. Blessings to you and Eric as well as the entire wedding party! Such great music at the event by your friends, so good!
Tom and Brenda are the friendly and amazing. Their work is amazing you can tell they love what they do and their quality of picture really are great. My husband and I wanted to fine someone who would make us feel comfortable and they really do make you feel comfortable and try very hard to get the pictures you want. He really went above and beyond for our wedding and delivered absolutely incredible photos. Brenda is the sweeties person on earth took care of the flower girls when I was taking pictures with my husband, she fixed my dress so it looked perfect in the pictures. They really are the best!
Tom and Brenda are a wonderful bunch to work with. Not only do they take the most amazing pictures, they are also the most down to earth and friendliest people I have ever met! They are able to capture all of those "special moments" and have some very unique ideas as well! I would highly recommend them.
Thanks Kaylee, you and Brian are so special to us! Loved being involved in your special days and thank you so much for allowing us that opportunity. Special thanks to Denise and the team at Weatherly Farms, the best location in Southern Maryland.
Amazing service, amazing photos, I don't think I couldve found anyone better to photograph my wedding. Extremely happy with how my pictures turned out and the amount of pictures taken is as if they captured every second of every moment. Love it!
Tom and Brenda were a joy to work with. They were professional, friendly, and flexible. During the weekend of our wedding, they were so helpful in the overall flow of the day that I suggested that they should consider offering wedding planning services as well. My family and friends are still raving about their services. I plan to use them for family portraits and any special events going forward. Hire Piratical - you will be glad you did!
Tom is not just an incredibly talented photographer, he is also one of the nicest people I've met. He really went above and beyond for our wedding and delivered absolutely incredible photos. Tom is a lot of fun to work with, and makes the whole experience really easy and carefree. What I love the most is that he works with the best assistant he could ever had, his wife Brenda ;) they make the perfect team. She took care of the flower girls when I was taking pictures with my husband, she fixed my dress so it looked perfect in the pictures. What else can I say I love guys, and I am glad you where part of our special day.
Thanks Sandra, you are so kind! Loved spending summer days with you and your beautiful family! You are so blessed to be surrounded by such a great family... Thx.
Tom and Brenda are the perfect photography duo for your wedding or event. They respond to any questions/requests you have, give you suggestions/help when you need it, and do way more than you would ever expect.
Without question, I will be using them again!!
Tom and Brenda are amazing! They have the latest equipment and lighting and they know how to use it very well. They will take a photo of you anywhere! They first want to know about you so that they can tell a story through the photos they take. All I can say "Money Shots!" We have so many photos that are money shots. You are in good hands with these people. You will not be let down. Have fun!
Very thurough and dedicated. Anyone would be lucky to have Brenda and Tom shoot thier wedding photos.
Tom Turk has excellent photography skills. You can hardly realize that he is there snaping pictures. Not only is his work exceptional but his personality makes it easy to be comfortable. He was always punctual for each event and he was always prepared. We highly recommend his work for any event.
In touch with you every step of the way! Tom listens to what you want for your wedding pictures and knows how to capture the moment. He is there from beginning to end and communicates with you every step of the way. He takes more than enough pictures to make sure he captures your day and that you are satisfied!


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Now Playing July 24-31: Theaters
By htwebteam , Herald-Tribune
/ Thursday, July 24, 2014
PROFESSIONAL THEATER
"BECOMING DR. RUTH": Susan Greenhill captures the spirit, energy and drive of noted sex therapist Dr. Ruth Westheimer in Mark St. Germain's often compelling one-woman play about how she survived her tragic early years to become a ground-breaking icon. (Reviewed by Jay Handelman.) Through July 27. Keating Theatre, 1241 N. Palm Ave. 366-9000; floridastudiotheatre.org
"CLEARLY INVISIBLE: MAGIC UP CLOSE WITH CARL SEIGER": Carl Seiger has an engaging, self-deprecating style that lends a bit of light-hearted personality to some impressive sleight-of-hand tricks involving coins, cards and audience members. (Reviewed by Jay Handelman.) Through August 3. Court Cabaret, Florida Studio Theatre, 1247 First St. 366-9000; floridastudiotheatre.org
FST IMPROV "OUT OF BOUNDS MATCHUP": FST Improv gets competitive in this weekly performance in which two teams of improv artists do battle for laughs. 7:30 p.m. Saturdays through Aug. 23. Bowne's Lab, Florida Studio Theatre, 1247 First St. 366-9000; floridastudiotheatre.org
"THE LAST FIVE YEARS": Anna Trinci shines and Dylan Jones creates a spirited character in Jason Robert Brown's involving and engaging two-character musical with a couple looking at their relationship from different perspectives. (Reviewed by Jay Handelman.) July 26-27 Backstage at the Players Theatre, 838 N. Tamiami Trail. 365-2494; theplayers.org
"MARVIN GAYE: PRINCE OF SOUL": Sheldon Roden blossoms as he returns after three years to the role of soul singer Marvin Gaye in this revised and mostly improved original look at his life and career with vibrant musical performances. (Reviewed by Jay Handelman.) Through Aug. 10. Westcoast Black Theatre Troupe, 1646 10th Way. 366-1505; wbttroupe.org
"STY OF THE BLIND PIG": Despite some inherent problems in terms of structure and plotting, Phillip Hayes Dean's rarely seen play, set in 1950s Chicago, has some powerful moments as it explores family relationships. (Reviewed by Carrie Seidman.) Through Aug. 3. Banyan Theater Company, Cook Theatre, FSU Center for the Performing Arts, 5555 N. Tamiami Trail. 351-2808; banyantheatercompany.com
SUMMER CIRCUS SPECTACULAR: An impressive display of talent, skills and color are featured in Circus Sarasota's annual summer showcase, including "America's Got Talent" competitor Christian Stoinev, aerialist Dolly Jacobs, clown Chris Allison, cube spinner Vladimir Kim and quick-change artists Vladimir and Olga Smirnov. (Reviewed by Jay Handelman.) Through Aug. 2. Historic Asolo Theater, 5401 Bay Shore Road. 366-7099; ringling.org
"TAKING SHAKESPEARE": FST presents the American premiere of John Murrell's comedic drama about a struggling college student finding a way to connect by studying "Othello" with an aging professor. Through August 19. Florida Studio Theatre, Gompertz Theatre, 1241 N. Palm Ave. 366-9000; floridastudiotheatre.org
GOD OF CARNAGE": A chaotic comedy about the dinner party of two sets of parents, who meet to discuss manners and behavior after their two respective children have a playground fight. Through August 10. Raymond James Theatre,163 Third St. N., St. Petersburg. (727) 823-7529; americanstage.org
"ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST": Adapted from the Ken Kesey novel, the story of a mentally impaired man struggling with oppression and prejudice as he serves out a sentence in a mental institution run by a cold-blooded tyrant. Aug. 2-31. freeFall Theatre, 6099 Central Ave., St. Petersburg. (727) 498-5205; freefalltheatre.com
"SOMEWHERE OVER ROSE": A tribute to the songs, styles and stories of Judy Garland and Bette Midler. Aug. 5-31. Court Cabaret, Florida Studio Theatre, 1247 First St. 366-9000; floridastudiotheatre.org
"THE MEMORY": This improvisational show uses audience suggestions to create comedic short plays. Every first Sunday, 8 p.m. Raymond James Theatre, 163 3rd St. N., St. Petersburg. $15 or pay-what-you-can at the door. (727) 823-7529; americanstage.org
BAY AREA IMPROV THEATRE "BAIT": Every third Sun., 8 p.m. This improvisational show experiments with mid to long "improv" and unscripted scenes, also working in some games. It is fun for both audiences who want to participate or just watch and laugh. Raymond James Theatre, 163 Third St. N, St. Petersburg. $15. (727) 823-7529; americanstage.org
2014 PLAYERS NEW PLAY FESTIVAL: Readings of the finalists' works, chosen from the annual regional playwright competition. July 21-26. The Players Theatre, 838 N. Tamiami Trail. 365-2494; theplayers.org
SECOND ANNUAL SUMMER CABARET FESTIVAL: A variety of cabaret performers showcase a diverse array of entertainment spectacles, from broadway tunes to jazz and pop music to burlesque. Through Aug. 24. Venice Theatre, Pinky's Cabaret. 140 W. Tampa Ave. 488-1115; venicestage.com
"CABARET": This year's Summer Stock show is a production of the Kander & Ebb musical about a budding relationship at the titillating Kit Kat Club, set against the backdrop of politically tumultuous 1930s Berlin. July 31-Aug. 10. Venice Theatre, 140 W. Tampa Ave., Venice. 488-1115; venicestage.com
Now Playing Sept. 1-8: Theaters
Now Playing Aug. 25-Sept. 1: Theaters
Now Playing Aug. 25-Sept. 1: Classical
Now Playing Aug. 18-25: Theaters


Listen to (now) Net Literacy Student Chair explain why the Financial Connects initiative was visioned by Net Literacy. And by the way, these are real videos are made by real teens (not staged created by a production crew) with a day of training teaching them how to storyboard and use a video camera and an assignment to learn about financial literacy.
Thanks to a generous grants from State Farm, Lilly Endowment, the Lumina Foundation for Education and Intel, Net Literacy launched a $140,000 initiative to encourage students to learn about financial literacy and create videos about them in a real and compelling manner that resonates with teens. We launched a contest website, and now have incorporated everything into the Financial Connects website. A screen shot of the website is below.
We have populated this section of the site with 185 videos and games created by students with a focus on making financial literacy "real," relevant, and engaging to students. Check out the links to the left to become a financial literacy savvy superstar!
We had fun making these videos…enjoy some of our outtakes and watch what you (hopefully won't see on the videos)!
Warning: Outtak, Otakes, Outtkes,…oh, OUTTAKES!
Another Warning: Boppers, Blopers,…oh, heck…BLOOPERS!
Additional content is being loaded each week! Check back for more great videos!


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Farke: 'Hungry' Norwich aiming for the stars
Norwich hosts Manchester United in the FA Cup quarterfinals and Norwich City manager Daniel Farke believes his side is capable of going all the way.
Daniel Farke believes a win against Manchester United can help Norwich build momentum in its battle for survival. - Getty Images
Norwich City manager Daniel Farke says his side has exceeded expectations in the FA Cup, but it remains hungry for more and it would be an extraordinary achievement if it made it to Wembley.
Norwich has defeated Burnley and Tottenham Hotspur en route to the quarterfinals, where it hosts Manchester United on Saturday, and Farke believes his side is capable of going all the way.
"It's a big achievement to be in the quarter-finals, but we're hungry and want to keep going," Farke, whose side is bottom of the Premier League, told reporters in a virtual news conference.
"We want to achieve something magical. We did when we won the Championship... last season and now we have the chance to create a miracle by staying in the league and winning the FA Cup. It would be an extraordinary achievement to go to Wembley."
Norwich was comprehensively outplayed by United in both its Premier League clashes this season and Farke admits his side has a tough task ahead of it.
READ | Solskjaer admits 'hurt' over Liverpool title triumph
"Against no other team have we struggled as much as we did against United. They were too good for us at home, and at Old Trafford it wasn't our best game. We didn't have a chance in those two games so we need a special performance," he added.
Norwich lies bottom of the Premier League standings, six points away from the safety zone, but Farke believes a win against Ole Gunnar Solskjaer's United can help his side build momentum in its battle for survival.
"Confidence always plays a big part in football. It's not like we can press a button to beat the best clubs," he said.
"Once you find the momentum, you're capable of beating the best. A good result and performance tomorrow could benefit us in the league."
Read more stories on EPL.


Making Innovation paintings offers a proper innovation method confirmed to paintings at HP, Microsoft and Toyota, to assist traditional managers force best and base line development from innovation. The authors have drawn on their unsurpassed innovation consulting adventure -- in addition to the main thorough evaluate of innovation learn ever played. they will show what works, what does not, and the way to use management instruments to dramatically elevate the payoff from innovation investments. Learn how to find the fitting method powerful innovation; how one can structure an association to innovate most sensible; the way to enforce administration structures to evaluate ongoing innovation; the way to incentivize groups to carry, and masses extra. This publication bargains the 1st authoritative advisor to utilizing metrics at each step of the innovation technique -- from notion production and choice via prototyping and commercialization.
Such a lot books on standardization describe the impression of ISO and similar organisations on many industries. whereas this is often nice for coping with a company, it leaves engineers asking questions corresponding to "what are the results of criteria on my designs? " and "how am i able to use standardization to profit my paintings?
Powerful administration of Benchmarking tasks exhibits you ways to use benchmarking to numerous tasks. powerful administration of Benchmarking tasks equips the undertaking staff or supervisor with the entire priceless competence for coping with tasks successfully. This useful e-book starts off with definitions of 'what to benchmark' and ends with a stimulating genuine case research the place a benchmarking undertaking used to be performed by means of staring at the entire worthy ideas and with overall adherence to many of the protocols.
Even if batching usually appears to be like extra effective than one-piece stream for person initiatives, the perform creates waste for different components of the association that greater than offset its perceived advantages. A silent productiveness killer, batching is an incredibly tricky mind-set to beat and, for this reason, quite a few Lean projects were destroyed via it.
What's the want for switch? what's Sustainable aggressive Advantage? utilized fee of studying Threats Leadership Organizational Technology Disruptive Organizational and expertise ThreatsOvercoming Organizational Inertia exterior concern affects to Inertia developing inner Urgency without exterior CrisisRecognition of the chance of Inaction good fortune Builds Inertia Ignoring dangers might Stall the OrganizationLean permits a studying Organization Organizational Learning studying Organization Lean as a studying VehicleTransformation Is an unending J.
4 Even the stodgy, asset-intensive steel industry has seen innovation of this type. Nucor Steel transformed the steel industry when it developed a production technology to turn old metal into steel, and changed its business model to capture maximum value. Nucor's new business model focused on relatively small volume production of high-value products, effectively reversing the heritage industry model of largescale production runs of commodity products. The combined effect of the technology change and the business model shift sent ripples of change throughout the industry.
A successful organization excels at fusing its internal resources with selected portions of the vast resources of the world's capitalist economy. < previous page page_11 next page > < previous page page_12 next page > Page 12 7. Create the right metrics and rewards for innovation. People react to positive and negative stimuli, and your company's innovation is no exception. You will never achieve the level of innovation that you need if people do not have the proper rewards. These innovation rules are interdependent; mastering one or two of them is a step in the right direction but won't take the organization far enough.
We have to do things differently. "4 Even the stodgy, asset-intensive steel industry has seen innovation of this type. Nucor Steel transformed the steel industry when it developed a production technology to turn old metal into steel, and changed its business model to capture maximum value. Nucor's new business model focused on relatively small volume production of high-value products, effectively reversing the heritage industry model of largescale production runs of commodity products. The combined effect of the technology change and the business model shift sent ripples of change throughout the industry.


PRE-ORDER of my New Album, Menneskeblomst, is available now!
All music & lyrics is written by me, and will be in Danish for the first time. The album deals with transition and change, using metaphors from the nature that surrounds us to describe the transitions and changes within our own nature as well as in relationships and communities. Menneskeblomst is a self invented word, meaning Humanflower.
Now it´s also possible to listen to soundclips, read lyrics and order/buy music from all of my three albums in the Music tab!


text:
T.J. Edwards (I)
Known for House of Cards (2013), Oz (2002), Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2010), Her Alibi (1989)
Become a member to see T.J. Edwards's STARmeter.
Become a member to see T.J. Edwards's contact information.
Past Film & Video (5 titles)
Pieces of Eight (2006)
D.J. Hardaway (as Jason Edwards) D.J. Hardaway (as Jason Edwards) See fewer
Office Worker (uncredited) Office Worker (uncredited) See fewer
Something Sweet (2004)
(Short) - Cronie #6 (as Jason Edwards) Cronie #6 (as Jason Edwards) See fewer
Leo and Mars (1994)
(Video) - Leo Leo See fewer
Her Alibi (1989)
Defender Defender See fewer
House of Cards (2013)
(TV Series) - Roy Kapeniak (1 episode, 2013) Roy Kapeniak (1 episode, 2013) See fewer
Chapter 2 (Feb 1, 2013) Season 1, Episode 2 - Roy Kapeniak (as TJ Edwards) Roy Kapeniak (as TJ Edwards) See fewer
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2010)
(TV Series) - Ray Castaneda (1 episode, 2010) Ray Castaneda (1 episode, 2010) See fewer
Wet (Oct 13, 2010) Season 12, Episode 5 - Ray Castaneda (as TJ Edwards) Ray Castaneda (as TJ Edwards) See fewer
(TV Series) - Man (1 episode, 2006) Man (1 episode, 2006) See fewer
Number One with a Bullet (Oct 21, 2006) Season 1, Episode 4 - Man Man See fewer
Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2004)
(TV Series) - Lee (1 episode, 2004) Lee (1 episode, 2004) See fewer
In the Dark (Oct 31, 2004) Season 4, Episode 6 - Lee (as Jason Edwards) Lee (as Jason Edwards) See fewer
Law & Order (2002)
(TV Series) - Mark Danielson (1 episode, 2002) Mark Danielson (1 episode, 2002) See fewer
Born Again (Mar 6, 2002) Season 12, Episode 16 - Mark Danielson (as Jason Edwards) Mark Danielson (as Jason Edwards) See fewer
(TV Series) - Christian (1 episode, 2002) Christian (1 episode, 2002) See fewer
Laws of Gravity (Jan 13, 2002) Season 5, Episode 2 - Christian (as Jay Edwards) Christian (as Jay Edwards) See fewer


White Paper "Campylobacter - The role of poultry meat in Campylobacter epidemiology and mitigation measures along the food chain"
This paper can be ordered by non-members at the cost of CHF 1'000.- (VAT free). TAFS members receive the paper for free.
White Paper "Antimicrobial residues in condemned (waste) milk and its potential impact on public health/food safety"
White Paper "The probability of the presence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella spp. on food derived from chickens, the impact on human health, and preventative measures at farm level"
White Paper "Usage of antimicrobials in animal farming -- What we know about the risks and what we should know"