text:
A born dancer – non-hereditary???
One would assume that there would be a hall packed with rasikas to watch a programme by a grandson of Balasawaswathy. When hardly 30 people were initially watching Aniruddha Knight's performance, this number was quickly further reduced as many rasikas were unable to digest it at all, and probably were in a bit hurry running to the toilet. Aniruddha came onto the stage in a Kathak costume (thankfully, not in jeans), and was trying to dance a new style that combined new, advanced (genetically engineered) American abhinaya with a hybrid of jazz and flamenco natyam.
Not everybody living in a human body is a real human being. Indeed, where in India can you find anyone with these expressions:
My daughter commented on Ani, "Poor man, they forced him to learn the dance. Not everybody is a born dancer."
Arul confirms (with Ani in mind?):
Lots of Indians who live here are full of nostalgia and longing. In their memories, the India they knew lives on, time stamped with their year of departure. And they take it out on their children, forcing them into this life of hypocrisy.
Aniruddha kept biting the left side of his lip while doing jathi's, trying to dance like a eunuck, with Very miserable expressions. "Is he drunk?", my daughter asked! Will Shobana's new film be titled as "Dance like a eunuck" or "Dance like a drunkard"?, I wondered.
"Hereditary" was the most frequent word in S.Niveda's programme's flier. Chitti convinced me to go and to watch her a few months ago. "Tapasya Kala Sapradaya is happy to present Niveda from the family of the Tanjore Quartet", ran the proud intro. Tapasya was lauding its efforts "against commercial exploitation of the arts and meaningless distortion in the name of innovation". It appears that Tapasya's only achievement in that effort was the heavily funded documentary Marayunduvarum Marabugal that was made out of 50 hours of tape. It is wonderful that all the knowledge of the hereditary folks fit into one short documentary that not many people had the privilege to watch (why didn't they release those 50 hours on DVDs?) . While the frontpage of the flier was displaying the Thanjore Quartet, next to them was Niveda with her hands in a lame Anjali: her palms did not touch each other. Oversight? The poor 10-year-old started dancing but could not move at all. Hardly any movement was completed fully, even though the tempo was superslow. Any eye control? Forget about it! The poor thing was too stressed, and kept forgetting the simple, hereditary steps. After watching this bharatanatyam performance we decided to limit our visits to the "hereditary" dancers' programmes to a minimum.
TQ or nothing is the extreme radical heading of another post of Arul's.
Sounds like Arul's Christian sect. The spirit of confinement.
Imagine meeting somebody whose motto is "Mangos or nothing". Or "Pringles or nothing". Hey! Weren't the Thanjore Quartet guys anything more than royal court musicians???? (not dancers!) If Muthuswami Dikshitar, their music teacher, somehow managed to get the recognition as a little saint (or at least a prominent religious scholar), there is no mention of TQ's spiritual achievements. Because there were none.
One of the TQ's (Vadivelu's) "achievement" was the introduction of violin in the Natya recitals. As a result, the ancient veena is on the brink of extinction. The instrument that has the largest range of harmonics (no other instrument can compare with veena!) is giving way just like the natural seeds cannot compete with the aggressive GM crops that are quietly destroying our planet.
These seven glittering kohinoor diamonds – master gave them to me: sakiye, yemaguva, mogamana, adimogam, yemanthayanara, danike, sami ninne.
Real diamonds are millions of years old. Perhaps, Arul calls the 200-year-old creations of the Tanjore Quartet so in regards to the tuition fees he charges for teaching them. 🙂
… Other gurus reserve the best for family.
The non-hereditary….
Arul continues:
I think also that the fact that Master comes from an ancestral family of teachers has a lot to do with it. They are the ones who know the art of teaching as it existed historically. They know how to give of themselves and when and to whom and under what circumstances.
Now you understand why Alarmel Valli, who left the Master, wrote about her vocal guru:
To find a good guru is a result of one's past karma. Smt. Mukta never held back. She was generous to the core.
The hereditary gurus were never generous: holding back as much as possible was a matter of economic survival in the tough business competition with few opportunities.
Cursing Chennai's traffic jams, our driver managed to get us to RK Swamy's Hall just in time for Surya Ravi's programme that was recommended by Anusha K. Surya Ravi's nattuvangam turned out to be Sujatha Mohan. After we started watching Surya, we again realized that there are still wonderful dancers and talented, non-hereditary gurus. Surya was fantastic in her crisp adavus, beautiful and expressive abhinaya (well, there were a few gaps when she froze for a couple of seconds like an ice-man, but it was not her fault: the choreography has to be improved). Sujatha, admitted that she substantially modified "Bharathnrithyam". The karanas, which Padma Subrahmaniam, who lost the remnants of her sense of beauty as soon as she got a "Dr." title, never succeeded to combine in a graceful and organic manner. How well did her seniormost disciple Sundari Santhanam do it you can see from her recent DVD on Karanas.
Non-hereditary Sujatha, learning all the best from the non-hereditary, theoretician Padma, managed to produce a superior choreography, which can be illustrated by the passages from the varnam where Surya Ravi portrayed Kalinga Krishna (really beautiful, and such a superb balance when she was jumping thrice and turning 360* on one leg – hardly any professional dancers can do it!), and the snake itself! Such grace! And how subtle was the portrayal of Kuchella's story, how refined, how charming was the mukha abhinaya, how perfect the angashudhi!!!
When I watched the Varsha Shankar at her brilliant arangetram (it was the first time when I was convinced that karanas CAN be performed gracefully!), I did not even expect that Sujatha Mohan would show us more of the outstanding dancers like Surya Ravi! Even Sujatha's little kids, like Shreya Balakrishna, are so amazing! Their guru really inspires them. They are so lucky!
It is Surya Ravi whose recital should follow (if not included within it) after the recitals of the IFAS talent promotion (where Nandini Ramani was one of the judges), not the clumsy Balasaraswathy's grandson. Well, if it were not for Nandini's insistance (oh, these stupid political obligations!), who would ever have invited him to Chennai???
Everyone who considers being trained by a hereditary guru should watch Pandanallur Subarraya Pillai VCD and hear how he explains that the hereditary gurus teach properly only their own children. The hereditary ones are unable to explain to a genetic engineer where are those Bharatanatyam genes that can transmit true natya skills. He is unable to explain why the hell the hereditary gurus teach the non-hereditary students like Indu Varma! I think this is the reason that the "hereditary dancers" are no longer taken seriously by anyone, except by the hereditary toilet cleaners and hereditary garbage collectors.
January 3, 2008 by Ashwini	Categories: American abhinaya, Art, Bharata natyam, Bharata natyam Bharatanatyam Bharathanatyam Bharatnatya, Bharatanatyam, Bharathanatyam, Bharatnatyam in Chennai. Classical Indian dance., chennai, classical indian dance, commentary, Culture, diary, Entertainment, india, indian dance, journal, Life, lifestyle, movies, music, philosophy, reflections, Religion, research, review, spirituality, Tanjore Quartet, Thanjore Quartet, thoughts, women	| Tags: American abhinaya, Balasaraswathy, Bharata natyam, Bharatanatyam, Bharathanatyam, Bharatnatyam, chennai, classical, commentary, deva, diary, gods, guru Kalakshetra, hindu, hinduism, india, indian dance, Indu Varma, journal, karana, lifestyle, movies, music, natya, Padma Subrahmaniam, performing arts, philosophy, recital, reflections, research, review, spirituality, Sujatha Mohan, Surya Ravi, Tanjore Quartet, Thanjore Quartet, thoughts, Varsha Shankar, women, yoga | 29 Comments
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29 thoughts on "The Tanjore Quartet, the "hereditary" folks…. And back to karanas!"
Jayanthi says:	 January 4, 2008 at 8:20 pm
Wonderful insights from some surely intelligent human who feels that what she has not seen the world has not and who undoubtedly is unaware of what working against the tide means. God bless the blind and give them the sensitivity to be able to see beyond the superficial.Also the wisdom to not make assumptions and statements without in any way verifying the truth or understanding the work. God bless the poor thing.
Tapasya Kala Sampradaya says:	 January 5, 2008 at 1:18 am
Tapasya Kala Sampradaya clarifies.
We all witnessed the birth of a beautiful star. I forsee that little Niveda will ecplise all the great stars of the past.
Sri V.R. Laxminarayanan, Former DGPand Charman Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
I was astounded to see the child dance. Not surprising considering the family she comes from.
Sangita Kalanidhi Sri T.K. Govinda Rao.
Tapasya has been doing a great Tapas for the last ten years to preserve paramparia Bharatanatyam. Little Niveda made us all happy with her dancing.
Dr. B.M. Sundaram, Musicologist.
The bharatanatyam we see today is not bharatanatyam. What the child danced was the right form. It should not be changed.
Sangita Kalanidhi Sri T. K. Murthy
The child is a divine child. Her hands were perfect during abhinaya ,her talam amazing. I have often wondered if there will ever be another child like Bala in our families. Niveda is the answer to that.
Isai Peraringar Kalaimamani Smt K. J. Sarasa
Niveda is a true representative of the Tanjore Quartet tradition. The tradition flows in her blood.
Padmasri P.R.Thilakam.
These are some of the opinions expressed by the eminent artistes who felicitated Niveda on her Arangetram. I think they are more than qualified to comment.
Marainduvarum Marabugal.
I offer my felicitations to Tapasya Kala Sampradaya for documenting the artistic heritage of Bharatanatyam. Marainduvarum Marabugal is an effort to keep the memoy of traditional families of artistes alive.
Sri P.S. Ramamohan Rao, Former Governor of TamilNadu
Recorded for posterity is footage on stalwarts from the isai vellalar community, the families that preserved its precious heritage and passed it down for generations. There are some very valuable clippings of distinguished nattuvanars, musicins and dancers, some of whom are not with us, speaking of their work and lives.
The Hindu.
Marainduvarum Marabugal delineates the isai vellar tradition. A product of intense and painstaking research, this is Tapasya's largest project.
Deccan Herald.
Marainduvarum Marabugal has been screened over 50 times at several venues within India and abroad. Interested scholars have also watched private screenings at Tapasya.
Tapasya Kala Sampradaya
Bharatanatyam says:	 January 5, 2008 at 3:28 am
Tapasya does not like my post… 😦
Ok, point by point.
1. Please tell us what "working against the tide means".
2. I do agree that occasionally I make assumptions and statements without in any way verifying the truth (it is called "gossip", and I am sure you do it too!) or understanding the work. If I make a mistake, please correct me. If I do not understand your work, please explain how 50 hours of Thanjore Q's heritage could fit into one hour's documentary? What about the other 49 hours? Were those too bad to show?
Valuable clippings of distinguished nattuvanars, musicins and dancers, some of whom are not with us, speaking of their work and lives?
Who is interested in these people speaking of their work and lives? They can write a book. I understand that a film is made to SHOW how they work.
You think we do not understand that most films in India are made for money-laundering?
3. "little Niveda will ecplise all the great stars of the past"! Huh, a very modest claim! Can you upload Niveda's arangetram on YouTube so that everyone would see how she is eclipsing? 🙂 What "stars of the past"???
4. "The bharatanatyam we see today is not bharatanatyam. What the child danced was the right form. It should not be changed." Here, the Tapasyaks make the TALLEST claim that only what Niveda danced is Bharatanatyam, and also these people try to convince us that Bharatanatyam HAS NOT CHANGED in their parampara (would anyone believe it?). Ok, why not show the entire world what is Bharatanatyam? Come on, YouTube is waiting for Niveda! 🙂
5. "The child is a divine child"! When did Smt K. J. Sarasa open her third eye to determine who is divine and who is not? Of course, all of her students are divine, no doubt. Smt K. J. Sarasa herself is divine: how else she dared to announce herself as "first woman nattuvanar"??? Divinity is everywhere, every idiot pronounces himself at least an Avatar.
6. "The tradition flows in her blood". Which jene is responsible for divine bharatanatyam? The jene of flattery?
7. Since when the Governors of TamilNadu became experts at Bharatanatyam????
Katrathu Kai Man Alavu, Kallathathu Ulagalavu says:	 January 5, 2008 at 6:57 am
Very Intersting Debate!!!!!!!!!!!!
Coud somebody enlighten me what "Dance" stands for? why does anybody dance? And how can someone judge what is good and bad as everything is subjective ?
Bharatanatyam says:	 January 5, 2008 at 1:30 pm
"Dance" stands for rock-n-roll and hip-shaking that monkeys do. "why does anybody dance?" Because everybody is bored otherwise. 🙂 People go to a disco and dance (rub into each other) there in order to find a sex partner for a one-night stand. You know that, don't you?
What is "Natya" is defined in Natya Shastra. They define different styles of dance there (Personally I am more interested to restore the "Kaisiki style", the lasya-dominated one).
Since none of the Thanjavur Q's dancers use the 108 karanas in their compositions, these 4 styles are not Natya but folk dance.
Go and read the books, educate yourself first.
2. See a new post on this matter 🙂
Tapasya Kala Sampradaya says:	 January 5, 2008 at 2:33 pm
Respected authority,
What we are talking about is 50 hours of tape not one hour. No claims have been made that this is all the available heritaqe,wrong assumption. Not bright to select one portion of statement alone, private screenings were apart from the public ones as clearly mentioned. Flattery applies only to Niveda not to any other dancer on earth despite the fact that those who are described as flatterers
have long standing reputations for speaking their mind.
And Governers can no doubt become authorities when every one else seems to be.
As for working against the tide,try it some time in life and wisdom will dawn.
Good day and may the good God bless you.
Ok, I adjusted my statements a bit.
Governers, or other politicians in Kali Yuga, cannot become authorities in Bharatanatyam. The mind of a politician is too dirty to produce a clear judgment. They can only produce flattery and know how to take a bribe.
Tapasya Kala Sampradaya says:	 January 5, 2008 at 10:04 pm
Meaningful work down the ages has always had more detractors than supporters until realization finally, late but always, dawns. Till then God will remain our guide, our aged resource persons our strength and our students our hope.
We wish all our critcs a great New Year and hope that when they get free time from providing valuable insights to the world they will introspect a little bit and think of the urgent need for cultural preservation.
Tapasya Kala Sampradaya.
Bharatanatyam says:	 February 2, 2008 at 7:03 pm
Indu, what will happen to your strength after your "aged resource persons" die out?
Everybody is talking (and some are making money out of it) about "the urgent need for cultural preservation", but where is that culture that is to be preserved? To preserve what?
The funniest is that these "aged resource persons" themselves know next to nothing about our ancient culture. They don't even understand or care about what is written in the Natya Shastra.
Roopa says:	 July 3, 2008 at 10:23 am
This article made me piss in my pants!!! I laughed so hard…Ok I must say that your a crusader of a sort!
Your descriptions of Anirudha and Indu Varma are both accurate and hilarious!!!
raman k. says:	 July 4, 2008 at 4:53 am
Despite the author's rude language, she is quite right to question these hollow claims to 'authenticity'. Pedigee isn't enough. Rounding up VIPs to pronounce something as "authentic" or "ancestral" is just a ruse. A dancer has to prove her worth through her performance and not just rest on her laurels. I have seen the two dancers in question and I don't think their performnace lives up to their hype.
Dhruv says:	 August 2, 2008 at 10:05 am
Dear Ma'am,
Wonderful blog!!!
I am very new to the area of Bharatanatyam and my interest is derived from two aspects:
a) It has such an ancient look. I feel as if I am looking at dancers from the Dwaparah.
b)I have now also become a Natyashastra enthusiast…
I have a question regarding karanas… are some of these static poses or do they all involve some kind of movement? The natya shatra seems to describe some as poses and the other as movements…
Also, the controversy surrounding their interpretation worries me. Do we not know anymore what all 108 exaclty look like? I came across this article with pictures of poses in it:
http://site.voila.fr/bharatanatyam/natya_karanas.html
But it looks like an extract from Dr. Padma Subramaniam's writings, and wikipedia tells me that she calls here style Bharatanrityam because she differs in here interpretation of the karanas…
Could you please comment on the pictures in that link?
Also, the DVD by Smt. Sundari Santhanam has illustrated one of the Karanas as a 180 degree leg split….. Something gives me an odd feeling about that….I also dont see any such pose in the pictures either….
Please comment!
Bharatanatyam says:	 August 2, 2008 at 10:34 am
question regarding karanas… are some of these static poses or do they all involve some kind of movement? The natya shatra seems to describe some as poses and the other as movements…
2 things you have to understand:
without movement, you cannot arrive at any pose
every karana movement has a key position that the dancer can (if he is capable of doing so) maintain for a very brief time (half a second or so) to accentuate the effect
Correct, we not know anymore what all 108 exactly look like. So you should not take seriously the pictures in the link.
Padma Subrahmaniam just started the reconstruction, not finalised. I have never met any Bharatanatyam dancer/guru who would completelyagree with her on the karanas subject.
one of the Karanas as a 180 degree leg split….. Something gives me an odd feeling about that….
We are talking about a horizontal version of Suci karana
The disagreement is mostly on how to arrive at the key position, and Sundari was obviously wrong (quite clumsy too) when she asked her student to start from the straight (front) split and move into this pose. It is quite easy to figure out how to arrive at the vertical variant of Suci, but the horizontal is a problem. I think the horizontal may be just a continuation of the vertical, but, to do that, Sundari's girl had probably too weak legs to be able to sit down gracefully on one leg alone while holding the other leg vertically. I have seen some Chinese kung fu kids doing that effortlessly.
mallika says:	 August 2, 2008 at 12:41 pm
I FEEl sundadri has done it quite nicely. but one doubt that lingers is, how do u know to move your body in such a manner? like that volptuously or say, in curves and not in angles. it looks very erotic that way- not that i have anything against it. but how can one determine that the movements has to be done that way?
Bharatanatyam says:	 August 2, 2008 at 12:43 pm
"quite nicely", yes.
how do u know to move your body in such a manner?
In which manner? 🙂
I understand that a karana can be done in a tandava (more angular) or in a lasya (more curved) manner. And then, in which tandava? And in which lasya? And so on. 🙂
By the way, I don't see what you can perceive in Suci as erotic.
A karana has one of the 8 rasas as the dominating rasa, and I am not sure that Sringara can be the dominant rasa in Suci or the angaharas that use it.
By the way, whether it is erotic or not can be best seen by the spectators who are of the opposite sex. 🙂
whats wrong with the TQ compositions? u seem not to like them. iam still thinking about the margam format though.
may be 'cause i am trained in tanjore style?
reg karanas- have you seen sundari doing it? iam not talking particularly about the suci. even the nritta hastas, the way she does……..may be because thats not the bharatanatyam we c regularly.
think the TQ compositions are nice. u seem not to like them.
They are ok, if the dancer is good I enjoy watching them, no problem. I have seen, for example, Sakiye performed at least 100 times by all kinds of dancers of all kinds of styles, in solos, duos, trios and groups! 🙂
However, the kings that the TQ compositions extol are no longer alive. The kings are dead.
Imagine a contemporary composer composing an item dedicated to Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Ms.Jayalalitha and containing lines praising her. As soon as Mr.Karunanidhi takes over again, this item will lose its relevance. Maybe the composer would end up in jail! 🙂 The composer whose mind is tarnished by the desire/need to please a VIP will never produce a real masterpiece. For Rs.20000, some (second-rate) composers in Chennai will write you the lyrics and the music.
There are short-term (politically correct) items, and there are long-term items not marred by politics/business.
iam still thinking about the margam format though.
Think about what was BEFORE the present margam was introduced 200 years ago.
Oy-yo-yo! 🙂 Maybe 🙂 Which Tanjore style, may I ask you? 🙂
reg karanas- have you seen sundari doing it?
I am not even interested. First, she has to get back into good shape like Urmila or Alarmel.
iam not talking particularly about the suci.
So what are you talking about?
even the nritta hastas, the way she does……..may be because thats not the bharatanatyam we c regularly
Dhruv says:	 August 2, 2008 at 1:29 pm
Bharatanatyam,
I would agree to how you question moving into that pose. I did not know there existed a horizontal version of the Suchi Karana. So I think I am ok with the frozen pose itself.
But then slipping and sliding the heels across the floor which gives all control to our gravitation descent instead of our leg muscles does not seem like the best way to move into it.
Regarding the Rasa that might dominate this Karana. My first pick would be Veera Rasa, and if not that I think this goes into Hasya…..hmm maybe adbhuta if not that…it sure is an adbhuta pose.
As for the candidacy of Shrigara, it does not seem to evoke Rati Bhava, the sthaayi bhava in Shrigara.
Bharatanatyam says:	 August 2, 2008 at 2:17 pm
That's what I meant to say too.
Regarding the Rasa that might dominate a Karana, a lot of viniyogas are given in Abhinavabharathi, so there is no need to guess too much.
By the way, what do you do at USC? 🙂
Dhruv says:	 August 3, 2008 at 1:20 am
Why don't you create an email ID catering catering to this blog? You can still avoid giving out personal info… Some discussions are carried out better outside of this rather public and "google searchable" space.
Your quick google-research on me is already making me blush and squirm :-).
Anyway, moving further to discussions that would truly belong to this blog….I have another question regarding the Rasas.
You know how NatyaShastra puts the 8 rasas in 4 pairs…Where one Rasa is the cause and the other the effect…
The pairing that I dont completely understand yet is the Shringara-Hasya:
While I understand that the merriment of Shrigara can induce laughter, the Hasya Rasa itself is described as gross comedy rather than the light or humour I would associate with Shringara…
Would you have any specific example to illustrate the connection?
The only real life connection that I have seen is that when Shringara Rasa is executed poorly…it comes out as Hasya Rasa !!
Bharatanatyam says:	 August 3, 2008 at 8:26 am
Hasya Rasa itself is described as gross comedy rather than the light or humour
Really? There are 6 types (depending on the proportions of the 3 gunas) of Hasya, from the most sublime and subtle (smita – purely sattvic in nature, this is why devas never show their teeth while smiling – something that not all dancers understand) to the most gross (atihasita).
I undestand that the residing deity of Hasya are Pramathas, the attendants of Shiva (Pramatha is also one of the numerous names of Shiva) who are destructive in nature. The presiding deity of Sringara is Vishnu.
The white colour of Hasya, Shiva's colour, denotes the rejection of impurities of the relative (in time and space) existence.
cause and the other the effect
Cause and the consequence. Since Hasya is of two kinds (depending on who – do you laugh or do you make others laugh? – experiences the consequent emotion), we can imagine that Hasya is most likely the reaction of Shiva's humorous attendants (in the astral, emotional or vital world) to any manifestations of Sringara. This is why Bharata Muni says that Hasya is the mimicry of Sringara.
Since love comes from heart (the seat of Vishnu), the people dominated by their head (seat of Shiva) will most likely smile (or even laugh) while seeing other people in love.
mallika says:	 August 3, 2008 at 9:09 am
how many tanjore styles do u know anyway? how can you comment on anything that you have not seen or felt, for eg sundari? Dance is the physical interpretation of music and in that music lies the feeling and etc. thats y bharata never told how to dance. he laid guidelines, he left the interpretation part. he wanted each human being/dancer to feel, interpret and reach that point of understanding/realization. gods dont show their teeth? r u sure? what abt ur fav kali?
while everything in the nature has undergone a change, including all kinds of art, y not dance or say bhartanatyam? y r u against it? no change or innovation or even bettermetnt can happen without such out of hte box thinking. yes i agree to the point that it might now be called, present day bharatanatyam of present day tanjore style of guru so and so…. but can u take an example , say a simple compsition and choreograph it exactly according to what sage bharata had written and meant in natyashastra? once u do that we will talk further.
darling, not everything that is old is great, and not everything that is new is shit
How easy is it to infuriate you! 🙂
how many tanjore styles do u know anyway?
Many. More than 50, I guess.
how can you comment on anything that you have not seen or felt, for eg sundari?
I did watch Sundari in that DVD. I tried not to laugh! 🙂 Did you see how she drops her jaw? 🙂 Comic! 🙂
What I meant to say that I did not see her in person, when she was younger. I guess she danced much better.
gods dont show their teeth?
I said, "devas" (the Sattva-loving powers of Mind). Not even the Mahadevas or the powers of Svar, who are above the 3 guna's.
r u sure? what abt ur fav kali?
She is the exception, since she has to clean up the world's garbage. Dirty job. 🙂 Unlike devas, She is not attached to any guna.
while everything in the nature has undergone a change, including all kinds of art, y not dance or say bhartanatyam? y r u against it?
No. I believe even Urvasi has been evolving in her style 🙂 The apsaras (or devas) cannot evolve unless they take birth on earth. All evolution is happening here.
can u take an example , say a simple compsition and choreograph it exactly according to what sage bharata had written and meant in natyashastra? once u do that we will talk further.
OK. I'll talk to you in 40-60 years' time. Sure 😦 My creative talent is (at the moment) zero. I would have to do a lot of pujas for Brahma 🙂
Fine. I will be happy if you show (or tell) us what is there new that is not shit. 🙂
mallika says:	 August 3, 2008 at 10:37 am
dear bharatanatyam,
you mistake my thoughts as fury. you have not infuriated me. just like cleaning the garbage that u do is mistook by many.
you not only have to open your eyes wide enough, but also your mind to let in some freshness and see things in a new and better perspective, then you will realise what is new and what is not shit.
while i really like and respect your honesty, pls dont hide under any pretext…. did u really think that way when i askedu abt sundari? welll….. there is something that is above everything- that is truth. and only our inner self knows whether we are true or not, right or not.
not only the devas, but also such human who is self realized and has reached the ultimate bliss thru meditation will have that kind of smile u have mentioned above.
to think that one knows everything and what one sees exists and what one knows only is right – is not a very good idea.
pls list down the 50 kinds of tanjore style of dancing in detail and i will tell u which one is mine.
how do u know that devas have that smile, and do u know the reason behind it, all the reasons that are there all the time?
why such frustration?
Dear Bharatanatyamji,
You have seriously made Upahasa of Sringara with your comments!
"This is why Bharata Muni says that Hasya is the mimicry of Sringara."
Could you point me to where he says this?…I read that he says Hasya involves imitation of other's activities in general. Hasya also involves foolish activities… which brings me to an alternate way of looking at the Pramatha Gana:
If you ever read about the wedding of Paarvati, you will come across the wedding procession of Shiva consisting of this Pramatha Gana…. Like jumble words, these folks have jumbled up limbs and body parts. Some have their face in the torso. Some have many heads, some are walking on their hands……You can imagine any kind of anatomical combination and you might find it in Shiva's gana…. I think this is what makes them apt presiding deities of Hasya.
Do you think Shiva, the lord and Guru of all, laughs at the Shringara between Radha and Krishna?….Do remember he is also the first amongst Vaishnavas apart from being Eeshwara.
I think the following statement is enough to clear this:
Bhakti (that is born in the heart) is the mother of Gnaana and Vairaagya (which occupy the head)….Today we have arrogance and hypocrisy disguised as Gnaana and Vairaagya, laughing at matters of the heart. True Gnaana and Vairaggya became feeble and semi-concious 5000 years ago when this Kali Yuga started….
What more to say, the presiding deity of Shringara is capable of giving moksha…..Had it not been for his good looks, the gopis would not have fallen for him and Vrindavana would not have been a pilgrimage…
Coming back to the Shrigara-> hasya equation, here is my latest conclusion…
On the walls of Khajuraho you will find monkeys clinging to legs of pretty ladies…It is said they are actually men obsessed with these women; having become monkeys they now excel only in imitating these ladies like puppets.
Pretty women have made clowns out of men. And not just that, the gopis behaved all funny when Krishna used to hide away from them in the forest…And yes they imitated him in whatever way they remembered him.
Makes me think about the innocence and spirituality of all this careless imitation.
Maybe that is why the color white belongs here!
I referred to NS. VI.40-41 . The problem with NS is that it contains a lot of spurious later additions, and you need to be a better sanskritologist than Mr.Ghosh to separate the more recent chaff from the original.
There is an interesting interpretation of how Hasya arises out of Sambhoga Sringara. (Why do they write that little Krishna is the presiding deity of Hasya, and Varuna is the presiding deity of Karuna, though?) The culmination of Sringara leads to joy (ananda is the result of moksha), and a smile will naturally appear on the face of a happy, light-hearted (hence the white colour?) person who perceives the illusory nature of the world, Maya.
Just as in Vipralambha Sringara one is keenly aware of the separation between the lover and the object of one's love, so in Hasya, one has to be detached from the object of one's humour.
How fire can be born out of water is not a matter of hydrogen fuel cells or nuclear physics but a matter of occult (direct) experience. It's not a matter of philosophical discussion. I think the connection is on the essential level of the Rasas, and that our discussions on the Bhavas level cannot really bring you the true understanding.
By the way, it has just dawned on me that if you can remember vividly the experiences you had, say, 40 years ago, these experiences are the ones that have a lot of sattva (when you were fully aware of what is happening – not just in a usual, half-conscious state). So, when you die, your soul will imbibe the essence of these experiences.
Out of the hundreds of the Bharatanatyam performances that I watched, I still remember very bright moments…. Maybe 0.01% of the total time… What a waste if time! Most of the time it was rather tedious and sometimes I even fell half-asleep! 🙂 In the Rig Veda, there is a sloka that warns us that we should not allow the gray dogs of daily routine eat up the bright treasures.
varuna is only apt deity for karuna.
More about Hasya (from Mahanirvana Tantra's point of view):
Soma-chakra is a lotus of sixteen petals, which are also called sixteen Kala. These Kala are called kripa (mercy), mriduta (gentleness), dhairyya (patience, composure), vairagya (dispassion), dhriti (constancy), sampat (prosperity), hasya (cheerfulness, joyousness & amusement).…..
Another quote:
The Semites have afflicted mankind with the conception of a God who is a stern and dignified king and solemn judge and knows not mirth. But we who have seen Krishna, know Him for a boy fond of play and a child full of mischief and happy laughter.
A God who cannot smile, could not have created this humorous universe.
The same author says that
the Pramath mind concentrated on the heart and the emotional and aesthetic part of the chitta
Incidentally, over the past 10 years we have seen mushrooming the spurious "Hasya Yoga" centers. These folks say that
"The brain cannot recognise self-induced laughter from the laughter from external stimuli and what to some may seem like a silly and artificial beginning almost always leads into a natural euphoric state of hearty laughter."
One person writes:
My personal experience is that it is indeed possible (you need to be completely detached from your mind and observe it and move it) to experience hasya at will: it takes just a little shift in your attitude.
However, I had a problem: after such a practice you suddenly realize that no external events can affect your emotional reactions. For many years, I had no emotions at all. 100% Shanta. 🙂 Spaced out. 🙂
It was odd, and people noticed it. I lost the ability to experience anger, pity, disgust, surprise, etc. You cannot function effectively in the human society without expressing emotions (people would think you are mad). So, since my emotional nature was inclined to Hasya (you don't need to be an astrologist to understand it), my first (a bit delayed, though) reaction to everything became a slight smile. The problem is that a person who has a complete detachment from his mind is unable to react instantly. It takes at least half a second longer than "normal" people. Tubelight! 🙂
I was aware that others are not always inclined to share (see it in the same way) the amusing side of events or things. On the other hand, I developed the ability to move (very easily) even the angry people into the humorous state. In person, it is very easy. You just look at them for a second, generate hasya (shift the viewpoint, so to say) inside you, and they start smiling for no reason. Funny. It's like playing with a cat. 🙂 "
Bala says:	 December 19, 2008 at 8:58 pm
You aptly compared the photos of George Bush and the chip, leading to a question. We know that apes experience a huge variety of emotions. They surely experience the emotions that the vulgar dancers experience, but these cannot be called rasas.
"Shringara rasa in today's undertones mean images of sexual love" – tells us Kala Ramesh (Pune). "Dancer Dhananjayan has rightly pointed out: Sringara rasa can be created by many different kinds of methods. "…Bhakti, the tie between a devotee and God. Amorous interpretation of this would be inappropriate."
Now we know that dancer Dhananjayan is an atheist or converted into Islam, because thuosands of Indian saints spoke about Bhakti and thousands of scupltors depicted it as the passionate relationship of lovers. The Tantrics have gone the farthest in this direction.


Gunship Battle – Games for Android 2018 – Free download. Gunship Battle – Fly or Die in 360° Glory.
Gunship Battle for Android has a lot going for it. It's a combat helicopter game with cool graphics and great animation. Complete missions, shoot at stuff and fly like a maniac with 360 degree views, all without ever having to leave your comfy chair.
Gunship Battle plays like a classic arcade game. It's very immersive and the best feature, by far, is the ability to view your environment in complete 360°. Watch your helicopter from above, below, up down and all around. Renderings are very smooth and I experienced no lags. The graphics are quite good too. Sometimes 3D environments look blocky and choppy. But Gunship Battle does a great job in this department.
The game is challenging without being overly complex. Hover, accelerate, climb and nosedive your helicopter with ease using the virtual joystick. Tap the weaponry icons to fire and blow stuff up. The accuracy is great and there's a lot of nuance in the controls and game play. Complete missions through a set path and drop bombs on ships and targets below. Collect points and bonuses along the way to spend on bigger, badder and more destructive helicopters = more fun in this one.
Gunship Battle is a lot of fun. It's a very polished app and presentation; however, it does need to be elaborated a little. The flight simulations feel realistic. The gravity is great and the missions are interesting. Subsequent updates should really take this one over the top. Fun!


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Executive (government)
at has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state. The executive branch executes the law. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the idea of the separation of powers.
In some countries, the term "government" connotes only the executive branch. However, this usage fails to differentiate between despotic and democratic forms of government. In authoritarian systems, such as a dictatorship or absolute monarchy, where the different powers of government are assumed by one person or small oligarchy, the executive branch ceases to exist since there is no other branch with which to share separate but equal governmental powers.
The separation of powers system is designed to distribute authority away from the executive branch—an attempt to preserve individual liberty in response to tyrannical leadership throughout history. The executive officer is not supposed to make laws (the role of the legislature) or interpret them (the role of the judiciary). The role of the executive is to enforce the law as written by the legislature and interpreted by the judicial system.
The top leadership roles of the executive branch may include:
head of state—often the de jure leader, the chief public representative and living symbol of national unity.
head of government—often the de facto leader, overseeing the administration of all affairs of state and enforcing the law.
defense minister—overseeing the armed forces, managing and determining military policy.
finance minister—overseeing the treasury and national budget, managing and determining fiscal policy.
foreign minister—overseeing the diplomatic service, managing and determining foreign policy.
In a presidential system the leader of the executive branch is at once the head of state and head of government. In a parliamentary system, a cabinet minister responsible to the legislature is the head of government, while the head of state is a largely ceremonial monarch or president.
Constitutional economics
Legal reform
Rule according to higher law
Separation of powers
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Executive (government)" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
Retrieved from "http://artandpopularculture.com/Executive_%28government%29"
This page was last modified 21:55, 14 March 2013.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Higgs U(1) charge and the isospin operators So if the higgs field $h=(h^+,h^0)$ is at its vev (up to a gauge choice) with $\langle h\rangle =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(0,v)$, then in turn you can show
$$I_{1}\langle h\rangle=\frac{\sigma_1}{2}\langle h\rangle  = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}(v,0)\neq 0$$
$$I_{2}\langle h\rangle=\frac{\sigma_2}{2}\langle h\rangle  = -\frac{i}{2\sqrt{2}}(v,0)\neq 0$$
$$I_{3}\langle h\rangle=\frac{\sigma_3}{2}\langle h\rangle  = -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}(0,v)\neq 0$$
and
$$Y\langle h\rangle=\langle h\rangle  \neq 0$$
So that one gets that $Q\langle h\rangle=(I_3 + Y/2)\langle h\rangle =0$ and hence the vacuum is invariant under $U(1)_{Q}$ with $Q=(I_3 + Y/2)$.
But what about for complex linear combinations of the operators? are there any ways to make sense of this? For example the fact that $(I_1 -i\cdot I_2)\langle h\rangle =0$, so technically $e^{i(I_{1}-i\cdot I_{2})}\langle h\rangle=\langle h\rangle$ and hence the higgs vacuum is invariant under this $U(1)_{I_{-}}$ with $I_{-}=I_{1}-i\cdot I_{2}$?
I guess there is a reason this lowering weak isospin operator is not a useful group to consider? Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Fortnite's Solo Showdown competitive mode has returned
Invites to a future Summer Showdown event could be on the line for top performers
By Austen Goslin@AustenG Jul 27, 2018, 12:00pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: Fortnite's Solo Showdown competitive mode has returned
Fortnite's Solo Showdown has returned to the game, giving players a way to compete for in-game currency and a shot at the big time. This is the first time Solo Showdown has appeared during the game's fifth season.
Solo Showdown is all about the competitive experience and scoring points as the mode tracks players' performances over the course of 25 solo games. Participants earn points for their final standing — first place getting 100 points, second gets 94 third gets 91 and so on — as well as earning six points per elimination. Each players' score is at the end of their 25 matches is the total that will go on the official leaderboard.
The top 100 players during the tournament will earn V-Bucks, with 50,000 going to first place, second through fourth winning 25,000 and fifth through 50th will earn 13,500. The rest of the top 100 players will win 7,500 V-Bucks each.
But V-Bucks aren't the the only prizes. Top performers in the Solo Showdown mode will also become eligible for invites to future Summer Skirmish events to compete for real money. This opportunity will provide players with a direct path from the amateur queues of Showdown to brushing shoulders with pro players and streamers in the developer's official Fortnite competition.
Fortnite's Solo Showdown limited time mode will go live on Friday morning and will remain open until Monday morning at 10 a.m. ET. Each player will have to complete 25 games to be eligible for prizes, and each region will have its own leaderboard of 100 winners.


Welcome to the 1st class and 2nd class room. We would like to welcome our new class teacher Ms Lynch to Lurga National School and we are looking forward to all the wonderful lessons she has in store for us during 1st and 2nd class.
There are 19 children in total in our 1st and 2nd class, 9 children in 1st class and 10 children in 2nd class.
1st class are currently busy working on their Bookworm (Reading) Club and creative writing.
2nd class will be extremely busy this year preparing for their Holy Communion celebration.
Last week, 1st and 2nd class completed some challenges to celebrate Engineers Week.
First, each child made and designed a paper plane. They then had great fun testing and racing their planes which could fly the entire length of the classroom!
Next, the boys and girls were given the challenge to build a tower in small groups. Each group were given the same amount of dried spaghetti and marshmallows and were challenged to create the highest tower which could stand on its own.
All of the children worked really hard on their problem-solving and teamwork skills and had lots of fun in the process.
We learned a poem about pancakes and performed it in our class groups.
Pancakes, pancakes, in my tummy!
Pancakes, pancakes, what a treat!
We will make as many as we can!
If you love pancakes, give a cheer!
We were very lucky this week to have the Imagination Playground from Bricí Spraoi visit Lurga NS.
The Imagination Playground is a playscape concept designed to encourage child-directed free play.
1st and 2nd class had lots of fun working in small groups to design various creations using their imagination.
Each group then got the opportunity to present their design to the rest of the children.
Lately, the children in 1st and 2nd class have been working in groups to research different topics on the laptops and present their information to the class.
The boys and girls have done a fantastic job finding information on the internet and then presenting it to their classmates. They showed great teamwork and communication skills.
1st and 2nd class were busy making striking heart creations using oil pastels to celebrate St Valentine's Day. We also learned about the history of St Valentine and made beautiful cards.
In SPHE, we were learning about all the different and unique talents, gifts, and qualities we have.
To represent this, 1st and 2nd class made a wonderful collaborative class display. Each child made some handprints to represent themselves which together made a beautiful flower.
As part of the printing strand of art, we created our own stamps using straws and pipe cleaners and used them to make colourful firework print art.
We used lots of bright colours to represent the fireworks and printed them on to black paper. Everyone in 1st and 2nd class had great fun making their prints.


Carl Bass is sitting at his desk at Autodesk today, but he's no longer CEO of the publicly traded design software company. He stepped down earlier this week in a move that some associated — wrongly, notes Bass — with an interview Bass granted to the outlet Pando, wherein he disparaged President Donald Trump.
This morning, we talked with Bass about his resignation, his continuing role as a board member with Autodesk, if he regrets speaking out against the administration as a public company CEO, and whether he thinks more tech CEOs should do the same.
The famously straight-shooting Bass had plenty to say about it all. He also shared some of what he hopes to work on next. Our conversation has been edited lightly for length.
TC: You stepped down as CEO on Tuesday, and senior VPs Amar Hanspal and Andrew Anagnost have been installed as interim co-CEOs. But you're helping in the search for your replacement, is that correct?
CB: Yes, Tuesday was my last day, but I'll continue working as an employee for three months and am continuing on the board of directors for a while. We started planning this a while ago, because the best way to do [a succession change] is for the current CEO to step down. Otherwise, the best external candidates aren't sure there's really a job opening. You know, sometimes you see the pocket veto, where the CEO has a change of heart and says, "Hey, if you're going to choose so and so, I'm not leaving." This is a clean break, and outside candidates take it seriously, and the board takes it seriously. We've hired an outside search team who will be talking with both internal and external candidates, so hopefully [we'll find the right candidate] quickly.
TC: You've said that you and Autodesk's board began succession planning talks 18 months ago, but some people believe an interview wherein you criticized Donald Trump played a role in the timing of your resignation.
CB: There were a lot of rumors this week that couldn't be further from the truth. To the extent that you take what a company says with a grain of salt [because companies can be so promotional], when it comes to governance, these are real rules. There are real penalties of law. Public companies don't take that lightly.
TC: Do you regret being so public about how you feel about Trump?
CB: Not, not at all. Not one bit. When you look at Trump, there are three things going on: policies; character and temperament; and executive or administrative functioning. I think on two and three, almost everybody can agree that he's not qualified, and that's why I joked [to Pando's Sarah Lacy] that he's running the government like someone in between a small businessman and dictator. I watch what's happening every day, and I'm reminded of my kids when they were four years old and had no awareness of anything outside of themselves. He's a 70-year-old baby.
On the policy stuff, it's hard to parse what his policy is. We're against the "One China" policy; now we're for it. We're going to move the U.S. embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem; now we're not. Policy seems to be the part of the job that least interests him. These are complicated issues, but they don't seem to captivate him. He doesn't seem particularly curious or thoughtful about them. He's more interested in tweeting out the latest insult that [springs to mind].
TC: Do you think other tech executives should be more vocal, or is it too much of a risk?
TC: A lot of people think Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk should step off Trump's economic advisory council. What do you think?
CB: It's a complicated issue for Elon. I think many of the things he's trying to accomplish are really worthy goals but they intersect with regulation: autonomous vehicles, putting things in space. You can't do that without the government, so from a very self-interested point of view, and in the interest of his companies, I understand. On the other hand, he has a very public platform and I'm sure he has an opinion and if everybody takes the self-interested view, the world doesn't get to hear the opinions of its leaders. So I think it's important but I certainly understand.
I've [feel even more strongly about Facebook COO] Sheryl Sandberg. She has gone out of her way to build a brand around the power of women and what they're capable of, and when it comes to the Women's March, she was invisible. She seems to have leaned out quite a bit.
TC: Why did you start succession planning 18 months ago? Plenty of CEOs run their companies longer than you have.
CB: I'd been doing the job for a long time. I've been CEO for 11 years and there were two or three years when I was COO and responsible for the company's day-to-day, so it feels like 14 years that I've been doing this.
And I have plenty of other interests. I'm on a handful of boards [including HP and Zendesk and still-private startups, including Planet]. I have a small portfolio of things I've invested in. I have two big workshops where I build and invent things and make stuff.
I love the company and I love my job, but it hugely consumes your time. Like every other executive job, it's 60 hours a week and if you give 60, the job [demands] 65. You're never done. To do the job well, you also need thick and thin skin. You need thick skin when people think you were fired because you said something about Trump. You need thin skin to empathize with your customers and employees and the world around you. And all those forces get tiring after a while. My second kid just got out of the house this year and I would like to spend more time in the shop, traveling and with startups.
TC: You were also dealing with activist investor groups — Sachem Head Capital and Eminence Capital — who together gathered an 11.5 percent stake in the company.
CB: Last fall, we were in the process of making the change, and just then, the activists showed up. I don't want to overemphasize — it isn't like they had a lot to say about the company. It wasn't that we were doing badly. They more thought we were sandbagging about the future and that we should be talking it up and that our long-range projections were [too conservative]. It was, "You guys could do twice as well!" Well, it's easy to say from the sidelines. Easy for me to say Atlanta should have won the Super Bowl, but I didn't have to play.
So last year they were on the board. The company's stock is up 70 or 80 percent over the last 12 months, the markets have more confidence in [Autodesk's move in 2015 to a subscription-only model] , and we were able to make a deal. I said, "I'm willing to continue this process if you guys get off the board." Now they're getting off the board [as soon as the new CEO is elected], and I'm getting out as CEO.
TC: Silicon Valley startups have grown more aware of the need to defend themselves from activist investors and they've increasingly been granting founders special types of stock that give them control over key decisions. Do you think that's the solution to this issue?
CB: Yes. If I was a founder, I would have special stock. Because a number of things in corporate governance have lent themselves to activists taking advantage, I think the reaction has to be, at least in the short term, that companies have dual-class mechanisms in place.
I think neither extreme is good, though. I think activism is this deviant, extreme form of capitalism. It's like other ideologies, where good ideas are taken to an extreme and lose their meaning. On the other hand, I don't think dual-class stock is the best mechanism because shareholders should have a say.
I'd like to see tenured voting, where there's a premium based on how long you own the shares. I don't know of any public company that has done it yet, but I don't know why you can't do it. [It would follow that] one person who has owned a million shares for one year has less voting power than another person who has owned a million shares for two years.
TC: Before we let you go, what's next? Is every venture firm on Sand Hill Road trying to lure you into the fold?
CB: I've been shocked by the number of people who have good ideas for what I should do next. It's a funny mix in my inbox right now. I've received 4,000 emails from employees, which are very touching and emotional. On the other hand, there are all these people trying to get me to do something next.
I am going to do an advisory role at Google X. I've also been thinking about [potentially] starting my own accelerator program. In the next few months I'll figure out what I'm going to do. In the meantime, I want to keep skiing on the weekdays.


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Application of remote sensing and GIS for groundwater modelling of large semiarid areas: example of the Lake Chad Basin, Africa
Leblanc, Marc, Leduc, Christian, Razack, Moumtaz, Lemoalle, Jacques, Dagorne, Dominique, and Mofor, Linus (2003) Application of remote sensing and GIS for groundwater modelling of large semiarid areas: example of the Lake Chad Basin, Africa. In: Servat, Eric, Najem, Wajdi, Leduc, Christian, and Shakeel, Ahmed, (eds.) Hydrology of Mediterranean and Semiarid Regions. IAHS Proceedings and Reports (278). IAHS Press, UK, pp. 186-192.
PDF (Published Version)
View at Publisher Website: http://iahs.info/redbooks/a278/27830.htm
Because of its large extent and the extremes of its climatic and environmental conditions, the Lake Chad Basin is an example of a region where it is extremely difficult to collect hydro(geo)logical field observations. So far, the scale and the scope to which remote sensing and GIS can assist groundwater modelling in such regions has not been fully exploited. We detail applications of remote sensing and GIS to improve groundwater modelling of the large superficial Quaternary aquifer, which covers 500 000 km2 and forms the main water resource of the basin. Satellite imagery and GIS enabled us to refine the location of recharge and discharge areas. In a GIS framework, relevant maps and pertinent satellite images were analysed together with hydrogeological data. The rationale was to search and map key characteristics in the terrain that indicate groundwater discharge and recharge areas. In addition, maps and low cost satellite data, such as AVHRR and Meteosat, were used for a thorough mapping of the fluctuations of Lake Chad extent over the last three decades. Using GIS, this valuable information was implemented in a transient groundwater model, with the MODFLOW program. The model calibration was greatly improved by the use of remote sensing data.
Book Chapter (Research - B1)
Phanerozoic; Cenozoic; Africa; West Africa; calibration; programs; fluctuations; cost; terrains; maps; discharge; imagery; satellites; water resources; aquifers; Quaternary; models; ground water; geographic information systems; remote sensing; Chad Basin; Lake Chad
http://iahs.info/redbooks/278.htm


When life gets harry and overwhelming it would be easy to want to run and hide or lose his or her cool in an unbecoming fashion. What are the common things or events that cause individual's to lose his or her cool and have a mini or not so mini "freak out" session? Some would say that the most common cause for an individual to lose his or her cool would have to include financial struggles, infertility or the diagnosis of a chronic health condition such as neuropathy.
Neuropathy is a complex condition of the nerves that limits one's mobility and movement due to the lack of feeling that comes as a result of damage to the nerve cells. Neuropathy is a condition that affects the peripheral nervous system. When damage to the peripheral nervous system occurs it places limitations on an individual such as difficulty walking and holding objects. When pressure is placed on the damaged areas the neuropathic patient feels extreme sensitivity in that area to the point to where even touch of any kind is painful. The pain of neuropathy is very intense and can lasts for several days making the emotions of the neuropathic patient turn into a wild and crazy rollercoaster.
Neuropathy symptoms affect each person differently and vary in location based on where the damage to the nerves is located. The most complained about symptoms would include tingling, burning, numbness, needle like pricking and a dull ache that resides deep within in the muscle. Neuropathy symptoms strengthen in time and can soon take over the individual's whole life and existence. As the symptoms strengthen the pain requires an active treatment to help soothe the patient.
Neuropathy treatment can consistent of several different approaches and methods. The most important thing to keep in mind is that every treatment is different and the effect it can have varies depending on each person. Taking a safe approach to treatment is the correct way to move about and toward an effective treatment plan. One can choose a treatment that is prescription based or one can choose a naturally based treatment to help relieve the pain and pressure he or she feels on a daily basis.


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Home> Growth remains robust in Q3 despite deceleration
Growth remains robust in Q3 despite deceleration
The economy of South-Eastern Europe (SEE) decelerated slightly in the third quarter according to a more complete set of data. GDP expanded 3.0% over the same quarter of the previous year, which was down from the 3.1% increase tallied in Q2 and marked the second-highest reading in over a year. Q3's deceleration was mainly the result of an annual contraction in Greece—the first in nearly two years. The country has been suffering the effects of the tough economic reforms required to be compliant with the bailout agreement. Complicating things further, the refugee crisis is adding pressure on the flagging economy. Conversely, Turkey, the other regional heavyweight, surprisingly accelerated in Q3 and GDP grew at the fastest rate in over a year despite the political turmoil following June's elections. The country benefited from a strong restocking process and an improvement in the contribution from the external sector. The majority of the other economies also tallied accelerations in Q3.
Greece's political outlook became blurry again earlier this month when the Greek government resumed talks with the International Monetary Fund and European creditors. This has raised fears that more austerity measures will be needed to meet budget targets and unlock bailout funds. Meanwhile, the impact of the economic sanctions that Russia imposed on Turkey after the shooting down of the Russian fighter jet, have yet to materialize. However, Turkish officials claim that the sanctions could cost the country up to USD 9.0 billion per year. The sanctions include an import ban on Turkish agricultural products and charter holidays to Turkey as well as restrictions on the economic activity of Turkish companies in Russia, especially in the construction sector.
Economic dynamics in the region will broadly depend on the pace of recovery of the Eurozone and further policy action by the European Central Bank. Rising geopolitical threats in Turkey and the possibility of renewed political unrest in Greece have the potential to dampen economic sentiment. Adding to that, the threat also exists that further complications in the refugee crisis could destabilise the region. Our panel of analysts projects that growth in the SEE region decelerated in the final quarter of 2015, with GDP expanding 2.5% on an annual basis.
For more recent economic news on the region, check out the South-Eastern Europe regional page.
See the Full FocusEconomics South-Eastern Europe Report
2016 outlook improves on upward revisions to Turkey and Greece
The outlook for South-Eastern Europe's economic growth improved for the second consecutive time this month. The analysts we polled expect the region to expand 2.6% this year, which is up 0.1 percentage points from last month's estimate. The panel participants upgraded their projections for six of the 12 countries surveyed, including Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and regional powerhouse Turkey. In Greece, austerity measures are likely to weigh on consumption this year and push the economy into a pronounced decline, however, better-than-expected economic data continues to lift the country's forecast. Analysts kept their forecasts unchanged for the other six countries, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Serbia. For 2017, our panel of economists foresees the economy expanding 3.1%.
Montenegro is expected to be the best performer in 2016, followed by Romania. At the other end of the spectrum, Greece and Croatia, in that order, are expected to be the worst performers. Among the other major economies, Turkey will likely grow the fastest, with a projected expansion of 3.1%.
BULGARIA | Growth prospects remain positive amid a strong labor market and absorption of EU funds
Bulgaria's economy expanded at the fastest pace in four and a half years in Q3. Overall, the economy is expected to have grown at a solid rate in 2015, thanks to lower oil prices, which had a positive impact on the external sector's contribution to growth. Public investment and absorption of EU funds also boosted the economy. Although Bulgaria's sound economic growth has largely restored investors' trust, its banking sector is principally constituted of subsidiaries of Greek banks and is thus widely assessed as being highly exposed to economic turbulence in Greece.
Despite downside risks linked to Bulgaria's close economic ties with Greece, improving labor market conditions and the government's effort to consolidate public finances are expected to support the economy going forward. FocusEconomics Consensus Forecast panelists expect GDP to expand 2.5% in 2016, which is up 0.2 percentage points from last month's forecast. In 2017, the panel expects the economy to grow 2.7%.
CROATIA | Political uncertainty subsides after Parliament approves new cabinet
Croatia's economy is strengthening after six years of recession. Indeed, GDP grew at its fastest pace since Q2 2008 in Q3. Meanwhile, the country finally exited the four-month political deadlock that followed the general elections which resulted in a hung parliament. Following non-party corporate executive Tihomir Oreskovic's nomination as new Prime Minister, the Croatian Parliament approved his new center-right cabinet on 22 January. The government is composed of members of the conservative Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and the center Bridge of Independent Lists (MOST) party. While Fitch Ratings confirmed the country's BB credit grade with a negative outlook, the credit ratings agency highlighted doubts about the unity of the coalition and its ability to tackle a challenging situation. However, the new administration has reaffirmed its willingness to "take tough decisions" and implement structural reforms in order to consolidate worrying finances.
While political uncertainty remains as the new government takes office, its declared commitment to cautious fiscal policies in combination with a broad-based recovery in the Euro area have generated hope that economic conditions may improve going forward. FocusEconomics panelists expect GDP to grow 1.4% in 2016, which is up 0.1 percentage points from last month's forecast. The panel expects economic activity to expand 1.7% in 2017.
ROMANIA | Economy set to record another year of strong growth in 2016
Romania's efforts to reverse a tough austerity program spurred economic growth in 2015 and will support a strong expansion this year. Wage increases, several tax cuts, improving sentiment and low inflation boosted private consumption last year. In addition, fixed investment turned into a growth engine, mainly thanks to strong absorption of EU funds. An expansionary budget ahead of the elections scheduled for the end of the year will drive household spending up further in 2016. On the downside, faster growth will likely come at the expense of public finances and the current account. In January, Fitch Ratings affirmed Romania's BBB credit rating, highlighting that a positive growth outlook, the better fiscal situation, and improved governance supported the rating, while strong fiscal relaxation in the years ahead is a risk.
The short-term outlook is fairly bright on expectations that strong fiscal stimulus will propel household spending and growth this year. Nevertheless, pro-cyclical fiscal policy and deteriorating public finances represent downside risks in the medium term. Our panelists revised Romania's growth forecast up for a second month in a row, this time by 0.1 percentage points, and now see GDP expanding 3.8% in 2016. Next year, they expect GDP of 3.5%.
TURKEY | Economy loses steam due to high inflation and rising geopolitical risks
The series of economic sanctions that Russia imposed against Turkey following the shooting down of a Russian fighter jet on 24 November came into force on 1 January. They affect a wide range of areas spanning from agricultural products, charter holidays to Turkey and include banning Turkish companies from signing new construction projects in Russia. While the sanctions' immediate effect on the economy has yet to be seen, Turkish officials reckon that they could cost the country as much as USD 9.0 billion a year. Moreover, on 29 January, Turkey denounced Russia for violating its airspace, adding to an already-entangled political situation. In the economic field, while the economy showed surprising resilience in 2015, there are signs suggesting that growth has likely lost some steam at the outset of the year due to soaring inflation and rising geopolitical risks.
Turkey's economic outlook will benefit this year from bold government support as well as low oil prices. That said, rising geopolitical threats both in the region and in southeastern Turkey and political risks stemming from President Erdogan's intentions to adopt a presidential system have the potential to dampen economic sentiment. Analysts increased their GDP forecast for 2016 by 0.1 percentage points to 3.2%. For 2017, the panel expects the economy to expand 3.5%.
INFLATION | SEE inflation increases in December on less severe deflationary forces and higher inflation in Turkey
Latest data showed that inflation in South-Eastern Europe increased from 4.2% in November to 4.8% in December, thus ending the year at the highest level in over a year. December's increase mainly reflects higher inflation in Turkey and highlights the fact that deflationary pressures in the region are slowly fading. Nevertheless, eight of the twelve countries in the region posted negative annual variations in consumer prices. A preliminary estimate for January points to a continuation of the upward trend. The rise in Turkey's inflation continues to be the main reason behind the overall increase in prices as the country is suffering from high food prices and a weak lira.
Our panel of analysts has increased the 2016 inflation projection for South-Eastern Europe by 0.2 percentage points to 4.7%. This mainly reflects upward revisions to Turkey, which offset downward projections in six other countries, including Croatia, Greece and Serbia. The FocusEconomics Consensus Forecast panel foresees inflation of 4.8% in 2017.
Written by: Dirina Mançellari, Senior Economist
New Zealand: Unemployment rate ticks up in Q4
The seasonally-adjusted unemployment rate rose to 3.4% in Q4 from Q3's 3.3%.
Australia: Retail sales fall at sharpest rate since August 2020 in December
Retail sales fell 3.9% in month-on-month seasonally-adjusted terms in December, which contrasted November's 1.7% increase.
New Zealand: Inflation stable in Q4
Inflation was stable at Q3's 7.2% in Q4.
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