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Newt Eggs
Most people recognise frog spawn clumps and perhaps toad spawn strings, but what about newts? Find out from ARGUK by clicking here
Sussex native amphibians
In general, amphibians:
Have moist, un-scaly skin;
Lay jelly-covered eggs with no leathery shell;
Often lay large numbers (hundreds or thousands) of eggs;
Have a larval stage and undergo metamorphosis;
Need to return to water (or damp places) to breed;
Are represented by three main types – frogs and toads (tail-less), salamanders and newts (tailed), and caecilians (tropical limbless worm-like amphibians). There are at least 4,000 species worldwide.
Six species are native to Britain: common frog Rana temporaria, common toad Bufo bufo, natterjack toad Bufo calamita, smooth newt Triturus vulgaris, palmate newt Triturus helveticus, great crested newtTriturus cristatus. There is also mounting fossil evidence that the pool frog Rana lessonae, may be a native species, although it is now thought to be extinct across it's former UK range which was predominantly the fens of East Anglia.
In addition, several other non-native species are occasionally encountered. These include marsh frog Rana ridibunda, edible frog Rana esculenta, North American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana, and alpine newt Triturus alpestris.
There are five native amphibians found in Sussex, the common frog, common toad, the smooth newt, the palmate newt and the great crested newt.
The loss of their breeding ponds and the surrounding habitat due to changes in the countryside means that they are all declining, although the increase in garden ponds means that frogs and smooth newts particularly are fairing better in some urban areas.
Great crested newts are declining very fast across their range, which includes 23 countries, so much so that they are protected under British and European legislation, and are among the most protected species in the country.
This means that The Secretary of State must declare that there are reasons of overriding public interest before their habitat is damaged or destroyed.
Great crested newt habitat includes breeding ponds and an area of terrestrial habitat in a radius of up to 500m around the pond. We know of at least 240 breeding ponds but there are estimated to be up to 1000 in Sussex.
There is a desperate need for a systematic survey of Sussex in order to ensure that sites are protected, and to ensure that planning decisions and Local Development Plans are based on fully adequate information about local species in accordance with PPG9.


One of the objections to seriously addressing global warming is the cost. Some critics argue that curbing U.S. greenhouse gas emissions will bankrupt companies, create an unreliable electricity network, drive families into the poorhouse and generally ruin the economy.
There is no doubt that there will be a cost and that some sacrifice will be required. And it's true that many Americans today don't handle sacrifice very well. But the evidence produced by a United Nations panel and other scientists leaves little doubt about the reality and the seriousness of the threat, a threat that both presidential candidates appear to have taken to heart, unlike the current occupant of the White House.
But there is also an opportunity here to create a new economy that provides jobs at the same time that it reduces emissions and reliance on fossil fuels, a significant portion of which come from a volatile part of the planet. And if the country acts now to create that economy, it would be ahead of the curve and could take the international lead in providing a brighter future for the planet.
The opportunity lies in creating more green jobs - many of which people already know how to do - to use energy more efficiently and build the technologies that, from biofuels to wind turbines, could curb climate change.
That economy is in the process of being created, and among the builders are key companies in southeastern Wisconsin, such as Johnson Controls in Milwaukee, which has been doing excellent business in energy efficiency. Green jobs were the subject of recent conferences in Milwaukee and at Racine's Wingspread conference center. Nationally, the Blue Green Alliance - a joint venture of the United Steelworkers and the Sierra Club - is campaigning for green jobs and energy independence.
We hesitate to use the New Age concept of harmonic convergence, but something does seem to be happening across the country at a number of levels.
Even more of the same is needed.
• Congress needs to pass this year the Renewable Energy and Job Creation Act of 2008. The bill would extend federal tax incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies that have expired or will expire at the end of the year.
In a recent meeting with the Editorial Board, representatives of the Blue Green Alliance said that 100,000 jobs could be lost at the end of the year if the tax incentives and credits aren't extended. The bill would extend for another eight years investment tax credits for installing solar energy and would extend for one year the production tax credit for producing wind power. It also would extend for three years credits for geothermal, wave energy and other renewables.
• Federal renewable energy standards should be stepped up. In Wisconsin, the Governor's Task Force on Global Warming has recommended a series of measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 22% by 2022 and 75% by 2050. Those are reasonable goals, but the closer the nation can come to Al Gore's 10-year goal of producing all electricity from sources that don't produce greenhouse gases, the better off it will be.
• The federal government needs to set a clear cost for carbon emissions, either by taxing such emissions directly or establishing a cap-and-trade system that would cap emissions and reduce them over time by allowing parties to trade in emission credits. Such a system was proposed by the governor's task force. Whether such a system is better than a straight tax on emissions deserves a thorough debate, but, either way, affected industries need stability on the regulatory front.
• Governments at all levels need to do a better job of promoting and encouraging businesses that produce green jobs.


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In 1943 werd het 29ste Campeonato Cearense gespeeld voor clubs uit Braziliaanse staat Ceará. De competitie werd georganiseerd door de FCF en werd gespeeld van 28 maart tot 22 augustus. Er werden drie toernooien gespeeld. Omdat Maguari ze alle drie won was er geen finale om de titel nodig.

Eerste toernooi

Tweede toernooi

Derde toernooi

Kampioen

Externe link
 RSSSF

Campeonato Cearense
Ceara

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Facebook Send Money: As of 2015, Facebook has become a lot more than an on-line play ground for Ivy League college students. The site has 1.5 billion monthly energetic individuals, which is greater than one-fifth of the world's population. For the first quarter of 2015, Facebook made over $3.3 billion marketing online advertisements. Services as well as entrepreneurs pay to have their marketing messages show up on users' information feeds. Just Google makes even more Money selling ad area online.
Facebook is likewise making it feasible to send Money to good friends and also service associates via the site with a couple of clicks of the mouse or faucets of the screen. Throughout 2015, it is presenting a payment feature as part of Facebook Messenger, the site's instantaneous messaging part. This must stress executives at PayPal, long thought about the dominant player in that niche. As a matter of fact, PayPal's former Chief Executive Officer, David Marcus, abandoned to Facebook in 2014 to look after Facebook Messenger With as much time as people spend on Facebook, it logically follows for users to make use of this new feature once they learn about it.
The site is making the process of sending as well as receiving Money on the internet simple for any person with a Visa or MasterCard debit card. With this solution, Facebook works as a channel between your financial institution as well as your friend's bank, transporting the cash from one to the various other.
Sending out Money through Facebook Messenger is simple. It takes just secs once you keep your debit card info, which you are prompted to do on your very first use of the feature. The initial step is to open up a new or existing Facebook Messenger conversation with the friend to which you wish to send out Money. You can do this on your home computer, tablet or smart device. Once you pull up the discussion, you must see a symbol with a dollar sign below your display. Faucet or click that icon. The app then prompts you to go into the amount of Money you wish to send out; do this and after that click or touch the Following button.
At this moment, if it is your very first time sending Money by means of Facebook, a display turns up asking you to enter your debit card information. As of September 2015, the service accepts only debit cards, not credit cards, as well as your card should be a Visa or MasterCard. Enter your card number, expiration date, recognition code on the back of the card and also invoicing zip code. Next off, click or tap the Pay switch.
The procedure is now total. The app moves the funds to your friend as soon as possible. If you make use of an electronic banking app, you need to see the money removed from your readily available equilibrium within minutes. Facebook stores your debit card details, so you do not have to enter it each time you wish to send Money through Facebook Messenger. For those worried about having financial info kept on a third-party web server, Facebook supplies an info page where you can check out its safety procedures. The site asserts to make use of multiple layers of hardware and software security on its web servers.
Obtaining Money using Facebook Messenger is also easier compared to sending it. When a good friend sends you Money, you receive a Facebook notice, just like exactly what you get when a friend sends a regular message. If your debit card info is already kept in the app, there is no action that should be taken on your end. The cash is transferred instantaneously; the notification simply allows you know it gets on the way.
When a close friend sends you Money by means of Facebook as well as you have yet to supply your debit card information, the notice you get after settlement from your friend includes an Include Card button. Tap or click it, and also the same prompt shows up to enter your card information as when you send out Money for the very first time. Once you submit this details, the app finishes the transaction. When you send out or receive Money in the future, your card is currently kept, and you do not need to enter it once again.
Though the cash is moved immediately, it may, relying on your financial institution, take a day or longer to appear in your readily available balance. Various financial institutions preserve various hold time guidelines for electronic deposits.
Facebook imposes no charge to send out or obtain Money using Facebook Messenger. The business makes no Money directly with this function. The economic reward to offer this service is it motivates customers to keep their debit card details on the site. This opens up Facebook to a world of monetization choices, a number of which it is currently considering.
In the near future, Facebook users could see a Buy Now button, just like what you see on Amazon.com, next to marketed items that show up in its information feeds. Those customers that benefited from Facebook's send out and also get Money attribute, and also hence have their debit card info kept on the site, could get the promoted product with a single click of the mouse or faucet of the display. Impulse buying comes to be less complicated as well as far more tempting when individuals do not need to fish their debit cards from their purses and enter settlement details for every acquisition. Here, Facebook stands making a lot of Money, albeit indirectly, from its send and also obtain Money function.


04/25/2019 UPDATE: Revenue sharing positions are still available for Elkhart County online editorial staff, writers and video or photo hobbyists throughout our local communities. You don't even have to fill out a resume to get this job as all you have to do is submit and start earning from your elkhart community content.
The growth in quality content and features for this site depends on the level of participation and usage, so when you tell your neighbors and friends about our service, the more people from our elkhart towns who come online, which will resut in greater features and greater earnings potential for your submissions.
Searching for news... If nothing shows up chances are not too much is happening in Elkhart County, IN these days.
You can switch from Elkhart County to Indiana News using the dropdown menus up top or even checkout what's happening in nearby towns.
Elkhart County has an area of 468.0 square miles (98.97 % Land 1.03 % Water).
The F.I.P.S. code is 18039.


Detailed crime reports can also be accessed on the site, and an alert sign-up page and police beats page will soon be offered. The site is a work in progress that will feature ongoing updates. Check out the Crimespotting blog for more info.


text:
Grist 50
From left: Favi Land I, and Plant Based Healing II	By Favianna Rodriguez
shift happens newsletter
'The only failure would be to do nothing at all'
By Chip Giller on Oct 3, 2020
The world of the possible Subscribe to Shift Happens
About a year ago, my daughter, then 13, helped organize a climate march in our town. As she told our local paper, "I'm here because I think people have been talking about getting something done for the past 50 years, but nobody has actually acted yet, and it's time to act."
In a word, hell yes. OK, that's two words, but you get the idea. I am ridiculously proud of my daughter and inspired by the knowledge that she is far from alone. The climate movement is expanding and changing in all kinds of amazing ways. Around the world, people of all ages and ethnicities and gender identities are standing up to be counted in this climate fight. No, not standing up to be counted — they're standing up to lead and transform the thing.
It's a point brought home by the new anthology All We Can Save: Truth, Courage, and Solutions for the Climate Crisis, which brings together dozens of women who are climate leaders to reflect on the work they do and the urgency of getting it done.
"Look around and you will see on the rise climate leadership that is more characteristically feminine and more faithfully feminist, rooted in compassion, connection, creativity, and collaboration," write the book's editors, Fixer Ayana Elizabeth Johnson and Katharine K. Wilkinson. The alliterative activism they extol promises a way forward, and today's newsletter spotlights just some of the inspiring women who are leading the march.
Drop me a line any time, and don't forget to subscribe your unsuspecting friends to this newsletter,
Your new heroes
Among the more than 40 contributors to All We Can Save are eight Fixers from the Grist 50, who share their thoughts about building a better world:
Rihana Gunn-Wright, who helped to develop the Green New Deal policy framework and is now the director of climate policy at the Roosevelt Institute, says the climate challenge demands an economic mobilization that is both ambitious and equitable. "The price of national progress cannot be exploitation and systematic oppression," she writes. "Not unless we want to fuel the crisis that we are trying to avert."
Leah Penniman talks about a sacred relationship that Black people have had with soil for thousands of years and describes her work at Soul Fire Farm to return to pre-colonial practices of nurturing the soil — and letting it nurture right back. She writes, "In healing our relationship with soil, we heal the climate, and we heal ourselves."
Christine Nieves Rodriguez details her experience living through Hurricane Maria shortly after she returned home to Puerto Rico. In response to the storm's devastation, she helped to launch a mutual-aid initiative that has created "a model of what it means for a community to be healthy enough and organized enough to face natural disasters."
Varshini Prakash describes the launch and growth of the Sunrise Movement, which she cofounded, and the weight of climate uncertainty. "There always will be the fear of defeat," she writes, "but there is also the knowledge that something is more important — a deep spiritual calling toward doing something to better people's lives, the lives of those we love, and those we'll never meet. … The only failure would be to do nothing at all."
Favianna Rodriguez, the Oakland-based artist and activist whom I wrote about last month in Shift Happens and whose art is featured in this newsletter, writes about how art drives social change: "We urgently need more compelling and relatable stories that show us what a just, healthy, and sustainable world looks like."
Model and activist Cameron Russell pens a letter to fossil-fuel executives, with much more compassion and grace than most of us could muster. Acknowledging her own complicity in the fashion industry's exploitative practices, she appeals to executives' better nature, saying "the money and power you all have amassed should immediately be poured into dismantling extractive systems and into clean, renewable energy."
Teen climate activist Alexandria Villaseñor writes a letter to the adults of the world, urging them to get on board with the climate fight: "We young people are doing everything we can, so please join us. We need your help."
"As entrepreneurs and investors dream up huge machines that can pull carbon out of the air," writes Jane Zelikova, an ecologist and cofounder of 500 Women Scientists, "I can't help but notice the hubris of relying on technology when ecology has been here all along." She talks about soil restoration and the role that humble microbes play in drawing down carbon from the atmosphere.
You can read more about the book, and the feminist climate renaissance it celebrates, in this piece by my colleague Brianna Baker.
Your pick-me-up
Passing on gas. California Governor Gavin Newsom issued an executive order ending sales of new gas-powered vehicles in the state by 2035, the first mandate of its kind in the country. This is what's known as kind of a big deal; after all, California is the largest auto market in the U.S.
Lights, camera, Action Corps. Newsom also announced the creation of the Climate Action Corps, a program that will put "climate-action fellows" to work in frontline communities in exchange for a stipend and financial support for college. (To the great frustration of activists, the governor's flurry of executive orders last week didn't include a fracking ban, though he did call on the state legislature to consider it.)
If only we could still congregate. From train stations in Europe to shopping malls in the States, buildings are increasingly cutting energy use by capturing heat from human bodies. Sure, it's a little Hannibal Lecter, but since buildings and construction are responsible for a third of the world's energy consumption and roughly 40 percent of carbon emissions, we'll take it.
Retail revolution. Walmart, the country's largest company, is promising to reach zero emissions in its operations by 2040, with the broader goal of becoming, as its CEO says, a "regenerative company, one dedicated to placing nature and humanity at the center of our business practices." That … does not sound like the Walmart we know. Then again, shift happens.
Flipping the prescription. A group of doctors has created a framework to teach medical residents how to address the climate crisis, noting that a changing climate affects almost every organ in our bodies. (See this Fix piece about how one doctor is prescribing climate action.)
Or maybe he's just a big fan of Sir Isaac Newton. We don't know if he was motivated by geopolitics, concern for current and future generations, or his eternal quest to one-up Walmart, but President Xi Jinping declared last week that China, the world's top emitter of greenhouse gases, would become carbon neutral by 2060 — that's a huge shift in policy, if not yet practice.
Your next move
Start (or join) a climate book club!
SDI Productions / Getty Images
Looking for an escape from the grinding realities of the daily news cycle? Why not start or join a book club dedicated to the grinding realities of climate change! But with some inspiration and aspiration mixed in, of course. This virtual world we're living in makes it easier than ever to kibbitz about carbon. Here are just a few options:
The editors of the above-explored All We Can Save are kicking off a 10-week series of All We Can Save Circles this month — "like a book club, but a cooler extended remix version." They've put together questions, resources, and tips for forming and facilitating a group. All you have to do is convince at least one other person to show up.
Environmental policy rock star (and Fixer) Leah Stokes runs a social-media friendly #climatebookclub, tackling new reads each month. October's book is — OK, this is awkward, it's All We Can Save. But if you sign up, chances are decent she'll pick something different in November.
The Brooklyn Public Library and Writers Rebel NYC have launched a national, virtual Climate Reads book club. This month they're reading Greta Thunberg's No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference, and they've laid out a lineup of picks through next August.
If you're tempted to strike out on your own, ideas for good climate reads abound — and you can always consult the Shift Happens archive for recommendations. Or hey, just email me instead — we can talk books all day long.
Imagine 2200: Climate fiction for future ancestors
Submit your story today to Imagine 2200: A climate-fiction contest by Fix, Grist's solution lab.
Best of Fix
cli-fi
Introducing Imagine 2200: Our new cli-fi contest
#landback
What is the Indigenous landback movement — and can it help the climate?
More in Fix	All Fix
America's 'climate forest' is under attack. Biden can protect it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home / Companies / Start-ups / Indiamart planning Rs600 crore IPO, to file DRHP next month
Indiamart planning Rs600 crore IPO, to file DRHP next month
Dinesh Agarwal, founder and CEO, Indiamart.com. Some of the investors of the company could sell part of their stakes through the IPO.
1 min read . Updated: 15 Jun 2018, 01:17 PM IST Swaraj Singh Dhanjal
Investment banks ICICI Securities, Edelweiss Financial Services and a foreign investment bank are advising Indiamart on the IPO
Mumbai: Indiamart.com, one of the largest online listing platforms for small and medium businesses in India, will soon file draft papers for its initial share sale, two people aware of the development said.
The proposed initial public offering (IPO) could see the company raise as much as ₹ 600 crore, said the first of the two people cited above, on the condition of anonymity, as he is not authorized to speak to reporters.
"Indiamart is working on an IPO that could see it raise around ₹ 500-600 crore through a mix of primary and secondary share sale," he said. "Some of the investors of the company could sell part of their stakes. The final details of these are yet to be formalized."
Indiamart could file its draft red herring prospectus as early as next month, he added.
According to the second person, investment banks ICICI Securities, Edelweiss Financial Services and a foreign investment bank are advising the company on the initial share sale. He, too, requested anonymity.
Dinesh Agarwal, founder and chief executive officer of Indiamart.com, declined to comment on the company's IPO plans. Emails sent to ICICI Securities and Edelweiss did not elicit a response.
In March 2016, Indiamart raised an undisclosed amount in Series C funding led by Amadeus Capital. Westbridge, UK- based Quona Capital and existing investor Intel Capital, too, participated in the round. It also counts Bennett Coleman & Co. Ltd as one of its investors.
Indiamart started out as an online directory for businesses in India. It launched Tolexo, an online retail marketplace for consumers and businesses to shop on the web, in June 2014.
According to the company's website, Indiamart caters to more than 58 million buyers, with over 4.6 million suppliers selling over 65 million products. It has more than 3,500 employees across 80 offices in the country. On the other hand, Tolexo claims to have over 1 million products with more than 7,000 sellers and around 8,000 brands.
Last year, online matchmaking services provider Matrimony.com went public with a ₹ 500 crore IPO, which saw its venture capital investors Bessemer Venture Partners and Mayfield India sell part of their stakes.
Other such companies that have gone public in the recent past include e-commerce company Infibeam Incorporation Ltd and Sequoia Capital-backed antivirus software maker Quick Heal Technologies Ltd.
mint-india-wire


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Ziad Abu Amr (; * 1950 in Gaza) ist ein palästinensischer Politiker, Autor und Mitglied des Palästinensischen Legislativrates. Vom 18. März 2007 bis zum 17. Juni 2007 war er Außenminister der palästinensischen Autonomiebehörde und ist seit dem 2. Juni 2014 stellvertretender Premierminister und Minister für Kultur des Staates Palästina.

Leben
Geboren wurde Abu Amr im Jahr 1950 in Gaza-Stadt, später studierte er an der Universität Damaskus in Syrien, wo er einen Bachelor-Abschluss in Englischer Literatur und Sprache machte. Er erhielt einen Master- und Doktortitel in Vergleichender Politikwissenschaft an der Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Nach seiner Tätigkeit als Lehrer in Bahrain, Oman und Syrien, begann er mit der Lehre der Politikwissenschaft an der Birzeit-Universität in Ramallah im Jahr 1985.
Abu Amr ist verheiratet und Vater von vier Kindern.

Politische Laufbahn
Als unabhängiger Kandidat bei den palästinensischen Parlamentswahlen von 1996 gewann er einen Sitz in dem Palästinensischen Legislativrat (Palestinian Legislative Council, PLC) in Gaza-Stadt. Während dieser Zeit war er Vorsitzender des politischen Ausschusses des PLC.

Von April bis Oktober 2003 war er Kulturminister in der Regierung von Premierminister (jetzt Präsident) Mahmoud Abbas.

In den Parlamentswahlen am 25. Januar 2006 wurde er mit 5.748 Stimmen wiedergewählt.

Nach einer gewaltsamen Auseinandersetzung in den palästinensischen Gebieten im Frühling 2007 wurde das Hamas-Mitglied Ismail Hanija Ministerpräsident in einer neuen Regierung der nationalen Einheit mit Abu Amr als Außenminister. Das Kabinett wurde von der PLC am 18. März 2007 bestätigt. Im Juni 2007 brachte die Hamas den Gazastreifen gewaltsam unter ihre Kontrolle, was zu einer Spaltung der Palästinensischen Autonomiegebiete führte. Durch Präsident Mahmud Abbas wurde Ministerpräsident Haniyya am 14. Juni 2007 entlassen und die Regierung aufgelöst. Als Nachfolger wurde Salam Fayyad bestimmt, dessen Notkabinett am 17. Juni 2007 vereidigt wurde.

Nach Verhandlungen zwischen Hamas und Fatah wurde am 2. Juni 2014 eine neue Einheitsregierung des Staates Palästina vorgestellt, der Abu Amr als stellvertretender Premierminister und Minister für Kultur angehört.

Er ist mit vielen politischen Vereinigungen, einschließlich der Palästina-Center in Washington, D.C., der Palästinensischen Rat für auswärtige Beziehungen, und MIFTAH, einer palästinensischen Bürgerrechte Organisation.

Politische Einstellung und Ansichten
Abu Amr ist ein Reformer und ein Teil der "jungen Garde" der palästinensischen Führung. Er hat sich von Zeit zu Zeit kritisch gegenüber der Palästinensischen Autonomiebehörde Verwaltung und Security-Services geäußert. Er vermittelte Gespräche zwischen den beiden wichtigsten palästinensischen Gruppen Hamas und Fatah und ist auf breiter Basis von den beiden Gruppen anerkannt.

Schriften
 Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza. Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic Jihad. Indiana University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-253-20866-1.

Siehe auch
 Regierung der Palästinensischen Autonomiebehörde vom März 2007
 Regierung des Staates Palästina vom Juni 2014
 Nahostkonflikt
 Intifada

Einzelnachweise

Politiker (Palästina)
Abgeordneter des Palästinensischen Legislativrates
Palästinenser
Geboren 1950
Mann


In 2016, flexible AMOLED mass production line investment is expected to be actively carried out by Samsung Display, LG Display, BOE, and Japan Display. For Samsung Display to apply flexible AMOLED panel to the new Galaxy model, the mass production line investment is necessary. If they supply flexible AMOLED panel to Apple, volume of the flexible AMOLED mass production to be invested in 2016 is estimated to be grow significantly. LG Display also is expected to actively carry out flexible AMOLED line manufacturing equipment order for Gumi's P6 line, as well as additional flexible AMOLED mass production line investment following Apple's demand. BOE is estimated to seriously begin orders for Chengdu's Gen6 45K flexible AMOLED mass production line.
With the announcement of new factory establishment and 1.84 billion KRW investment for part of facilities in Q4 2015, as the first step of the investment, LG Display began site construction for P10 line factory that can produce large area panel. However, the investment direction has not yet been decided. P10 could be directed to only producing large area LCD panel, large area OLED panel, small-to-medium size OLED panel, or large area and small-to-medium size OLED panel simultaneously. China's Gen8 LCD facilities investment is quite advanced and BOE's Gen10.5 LCD line investment has also been confirmed. As such how much LG Display's large area LCD can bring profit has to be carefully considered. Additionally, with the increase of OLED TV consumption and the supply of OLED panel to Apple practically confirmed, OLED investment is essential. P10, Gen11 line, is the world's largest factory site, and depending on the investment direction in 2016, it is estimated to affect OLED market's opening time.
Everdisplay is supplying AMOLED panel to some several Chinese set companies, and Visionox is also expected to actively supply AMOLED panel from 2016. As such, most of Chinese OLED panel companies' OLED mass production preparation is anticipated to conclude in 2016. Accordingly, second investment by companies including Everdisplay, Visionox, and Tianma is analyzed to be possible and serious movement by China's OLED industry could occur.
Flexible AMOLED mass production line investment by Samsung Display, LG Display, Japan Display, and BOE, and other Chinese OLED panel companies' additional installation are expected to be actively carried out from 2016. Amidst this, order of evaporation equipment, OLED production's essential component, is expected to be an issue.
Evaporation equipment currently being used in mass production is mostly Japanese Canon Tokki's. As this evaporation equipment has been verified in mass production, it is estimated that most companies, including Samsung Display, LG Display, BOE, and JDI, will want to order Canon Tokki's evaporation equipment. However, as the production capa. of Canon Tokki's evaporation equipment is limited, the issue is expected to be which panel company will be able to order early. At the same time, this could be a new opportunity for Korean evaporation equipment companies.
At present, the TV industry trend is moving to OLED from LCD. Accordingly, Samsung Display is continuing research to resume their large area OLED for TV panel business. It is analyzed that Samsung Display possesses RGB OLED technology that uses SMS evaporation method, white OLED, and solution process OLED technology. However, as each technology has its drawbacks, they are carefully considering future directions. First, RGB OLED technology is estimated to lack Gen8 mother glass substrate evaporation equipment at present. Solution process OLED method has low material performance. For white OLED, as the key patents are owned by LG Display, technology that avoids these has to be first developed. Therefore, much attention is focused on which technology Samsung Display will use and invest in production line to enter the TV market.


Cummerbund Sets - Regular and Custom. Matching Bow Ties and Pocket Squares. Extensive Selection.
The pleated facing of all of our cummerbunds is with proportion to individual waist size. Our cummerbunds are not simply "one size" type of product, but rather are made specifically for your size.


Whitmore, J. & Collaboration, KTeV. Physics prospects of the KTeV experiment at Fermilab, article, October 1, 1996; Batavia, Illinois. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc679318/m1/6/?rotate=90: accessed April 18, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.


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Don't Say It, Bring It
4 Inventor
Stellify for Dave, 13 November 2017 to present
The UKTV press office said,
The gameshow [sic] challenges people to bring back the answer, but not to say it, in return for Jason's cash prizes. Based on an original Spanish format from Phileas Productions, Don't Say It, Bring It will be produced by Stellify Media.
Don't Say It, Bring It will be filmed across the UK including - Belfast, Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Newcastle, Western-super-Mare and Whitby. Each unpredictable episode will see an ebullient Jason and crew pitch up in a new town in search of willing participants. Armed with a loud hailer and a small on-screen crew, Jason will pick players - they can choose to play alone, in pairs or in a group.
Jason Byrne explains further:
It's the best indoor outdoor gameshow I've ever worked on... I loved giving away cash to the great British public on the streets - up with this sort of thing! Don't Say It, Bring It: they didn't say it and they brought it. Apart from the ones who said it and didn't bring it. £50 to bring back a walking stick, £100 for a contact lens, £250 for a butcher named Tom - this show is so easy it's impossible!
The show offers a double-or-nothing option: you can take £50 for the first item, or play on towards £100, £250, £500, and a top prize of £1000 for all five items. Fail on any challenge, and you'd leave with nothing.
Anybody want to play?
We reckon the idea could be an interesting segment in a longer show - the sort of light entertainment Noel's House Party or Don't Forget Your Toothbrush would have loved. Jason tries to make Don't Say It, Bring It feel like a bunch of friends having a lark, and very nearly achieved this comfortable familiarity.
But once we've seen the game played once, we don't really need to see it again. A 30-minute show is the limit of our patience, and we were surprised that UKTV aired two shows back-to-back.
Phileas Productions - here's the original pitch from 2012.
The format's already been huge internationally, particularly as Wer's bringt, gewinnt in German-speaking markets, and No lo digas, tráelo in Spain.
The show aired two episodes a weekday over the course of two weeks, replaced by the execrable You've Been Framed! clone The Hurting the following week. Dave showed so little confidence in this one that they were advertising the other one before any episode of this show had even aired. Ouch!
UKTV web page
Weaver's Week review
Retrieved from "http://www.ukgameshows.com/ukgs/Don%27t_Say_It,_Bring_It"
Categories: Family Game | Current


Our Mission: Honor our Holy God and His Gospel by serving, teaching and walking alongside of His people.
Our Vision: We are called to counsel, teach, labor alongside, and love His people. We are especially invested in our call to help strengthen marriages and families. It is our belief that we glorify God when we help marriages become more in sync with Him and His Gospel. Strong marriages make strong families, and strong families make strong communities.
The Divine Inspiration of the Word of God and its consequent absolute authority.
The One God, Sovereign, Infinite, Omnipotent and much more, manifesting in three persons: Father, Son, & Holy Spirit.
The virgin birth of Jesus Christ, Son of God, Son of Man, and His pre-existence as God, the Son.
The fall of man, his state of total depravity and his need for regeneration.
The atoning work of Jesus Christ as the only hope for mankind.
The powerful indwelling of the divine nature that takes up residence within the regenerate man.
The eternal punishment in hell of all who reject the Lord Jesus Christ.
The personal, physical return of our Lord Jesus Christ establishing His Kingdom under His reign that will last forever and ever.


Snow, glorious snow! It covers the ground from November until April. It's cut into blocks to build our snow castle. It's the main ingredient for many of our outdoor winter activities.
While Aurora viewing is one of our main outdoor attractions from December to April, it only happens after dark. During the day there's dogsledding to snowmobiling, skiing to snowshoeing, and dozens of ways to keep warm in the unspoiled, uncrowded Yellowknife area.
Imagine whizzing along a trail behind a happy team of huskies. Imagine snowmobiling across awesome landscapes. Imagine learning how to fish through the ice on a nearby lake. Then imagine gliding along on skis on a gentle trail, soaking up the silence of the Boreal Forest, watching for fat ptarmigan or a lone fox. Or imagine skating on an outdoor rink right next to City Hall and chatting with the locals who lace up for a noon-hour twirl.
Winter tours will also keep you outdoors. As the weather warms up a bit, try a "fat" bike tour on a local trail, or venture out onto a wide-open ice road that connects Yellowknife to the village of Dettah. When the April breezes blow in, take a lesson in kite skiing or just head down to photograph the fliers as they soar over the frozen water of Great Slave Lake.
No reason to stay indoors when visiting Yellowknife in winter or spring. Just bundle up and head for the action. Many tour operators provide suitable outdoor wear including parkas, warm up pants, mitts, touques and boots. All rated for minus 30 °C or colder.
Check out our winter outdoor adventure operators for your ideal winter experience.
Teaching the Dene way of life through our history, language, and unique connection to the land. Camp is just outside of Dettah, across the bay from Yellowknife. 100% Aboriginal owned and operated.
This lodge is currently being rebuilt after suffering extensive damage in the forest fires of 2014.
City tours for large and small groups as well as customizable step on/step off tours hosted by 30-year Yellowknife resident and local history expert Yvonne Quick.
Ryan Silke is a writer, musician, and historian who offers historical research services and tours.
Luxury Coach Tours offering summer packages to Wood Buffalo, the Nahanni and Yellowknife. Winter Aurora tours and private charters.
Aurora-chasing, aboriginal culture camp and nature hike tours available.


text:
Driver verifier
A method for verifying driver component behavior is provided. A driver verification component verifies that a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time. The driver verification component also verifies that pending I/O requests are processed correctly by a driver component. The driver verification component further verifies that a set of parameters in a call to a driver component conforms with security requirements. Additionally, the driver verification component can be enabled for selected drivers and/or selected checks without rebooting the system.
Mihai, Daniel S. (Snoqualmie, WA, US)
Maffeo, Gerald F. (Woodinville, WA, US)
Calinoiu, Silviu C. (Kirlkand, WA, US)
Microsoft Corporation (Redmond, WA, US)
G06F9/44
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BUI, HANH THI MINH
1. A method for verifying driver component behavior, the method comprising: verifying that a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time; verifying that pending I/O requests are processed correctly by a driver component; and verifying that a set of parameters in a call to a driver component conforms with security requirements.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein verifying that a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time includes: obtaining an I/O request, wherein the I/O request is associated with a request status; and executing a completion test.
3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein executing a completion test includes: waiting a specified amount of time and determining whether the I/O request completed; and verifying that the driver component set the request status to pending and verifying that the driver component set a cancel routine if the I/O request is pending.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein verifying that a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time includes: obtaining an I/O request, wherein the I/O request is associated with a request status; and executing a cancellation test.
5. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein executing a cancellation test includes: executing a cancel routine; and verifying that the cancel routine completes within a specified amount of time.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein verifying that a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time includes: obtaining an I/O request; executing a cancellation test if a cancellation test is requested; and executing a completion test if a cancellation test is not requested and executing a cancellation test if a force cancellation parameter is set.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein verifying that pending I/O requests are processed correctly by a driver component includes: obtaining an I/O request, wherein the I/O request is associated with a status; saving the status of the I/O request in a data structure; setting the status of the I/O request to pending; testing a portion of a driver component which handles pending requests; and restoring the status of the I/O request from the data structure.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein verifying that a set of parameters in a call to a driver component conforms with security requirements includes: obtaining a call including a set of parameters, wherein the set of parameters includes a handle, and wherein the handle is associated with a reference mode; and notifying a user of an error condition if the handle reference mode is kernel mode and the handle is a user mode handle.
9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein verifying that a set of parameters in a call to a driver component conforms with security requirements includes: obtaining a call including a set of parameters, wherein the set of parameters includes an address; and notifying a user of an error condition if the address will be referenced as kernel mode and the address is a user mode address.
10. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable modules for verifying driver components, the computer-executable modules, comprising: a verification test module for determining whether a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time; a verification test module for determining whether pending I/O requests are processed correctly by a driver component; and a verification test module for determining whether a set of parameters in a call to a driver component conforms with security requirements.
11. The computer-readable medium having computer-executable modules as recited in claim 10, wherein determining whether a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time includes: obtaining an I/O request, wherein the I/O request is associated with a request status; and executing a completion test.
12. The computer-readable medium having computer-executable modules as recited in claim 11, wherein executing a completion test includes: waiting a specified amount of time and determining whether the I/O request completed; and verifying that the driver component set the request status to pending and verifying that the driver component set a cancel routine if the I/O request is pending.
13. The computer-readable medium having computer-executable modules as recited in claim 10, wherein determining whether a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time includes: obtaining an I/O request, wherein the I/O request is associated with a request status; and executing a cancellation test.
14. The computer-readable medium having computer-executable modules as recited in claim 13, wherein executing a cancellation test includes: executing a cancel routine; and verifying that the cancel routine completes within a specified amount of time.
15. The computer-readable medium having computer-executable modules as recited in claim 10, wherein determining whether pending I/O requests are processed correctly by a driver component includes: obtaining an I/O request, wherein the I/O request is associated with a status; saving the status of the I/O request in a data structure; setting the status of the I/O request to pending; testing a portion of a driver component which handles pending requests; and restoring the status of the I/O request from the data structure.
16. The computer-readable medium having computer-executable modules as recited in claim 10, wherein determining whether a set of parameters in a call to a driver component conforms with security requirements includes: obtaining a call including a set of parameters, wherein the set of parameters includes a handle, and wherein the handle is associated with a reference mode; and notifying a user of an error condition if the handle reference mode is kernel mode and the handle is a user mode handle.
17. The computer-readable medium having computer-executable modules as recited in claim 10, wherein determining whether a set of parameters in a call to a driver component conforms with security requirements includes: obtaining a call including a set of parameters, wherein the set of parameters includes an address; and notifying a user of an error condition if the address will be referenced as kernel mode and the address is a user mode address.
18. A method for enabling a driver verification component, the method comprising: performing a first initialization of the driver verification component, wherein the first initialization includes initializing data structures associated with the driver verification component; obtaining a request to fully enable the driver verification component; performing a second initialization of the driver verification component, wherein the second initialization fully enables the driver verification component for selected driver components; and modifying settings associated with the driver verification component.
19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein modifying settings associated with the driver verification component includes: obtaining a request to add a driver component to a verification list; and applying a subset of verification tests to the driver component if the driver component has been loaded into memory.
20. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein modifying settings associated with the driver verification component includes: obtaining a request to modify a set of active verification tests; and modifying the set of active verification tests.
In contemporary operating systems, low-level components, often referred to as kernel mode components, including drivers and the operating system itself, handle critical system operations. For performance and architectural reasons, drivers typically load in an environment in which a loaded driver can access the resources of another loaded driver. Consequently, kernel mode components, such as drivers, are typically highly privileged in the operations that they are allowed to perform. Because of these privileges, the typical operating system cannot provide the same protection mechanisms as it can for higher level components, such as software applications. As a result, even the slightest error in kernel components can corrupt the operating environment and cause a computer system crash.
Determining the cause of a computer system crash so that an appropriate fix may be made can be a difficult, labor-intensive and somewhat unpredictable task, particularly since it is often difficult to replicate the exact conditions under which an error occurred. Additionally, pre-emptive testing of driver functionality in specific scenarios can be difficult for infrequently accessed events. For example, if a thread that previously issued an I/O request exits before the request is completed, a cancel routine associated with the request can be called to clean up resources associated with the previously pending request. Because cancellation of a request is an event that happens infrequently, execution of the cancellation routine may not be thoroughly tested in a typical driver testing environment. Another common error condition can occur when drivers fail to pend requests that can take a long or indefinite amount of time. Failure to appropriately pend requests can result in resources related to the request being released before the request has completed. Premature release of resources related to a request can cause data corruption and result in a system crash.
Another type of error condition occurs when a driver component incorrectly accesses data structures associated with pending I/O requests. For example, when a first driver component transmits an I/O request to a second driver component, the first driver component must correctly handle the case where the second driver returns a "status pending" notification. If the first driver does receive status pending in return, then the first driver must ensure that data structures referenced by the request are not freed until the request completes. Further, after the request completes, the first driver must not reference any fields associated with the request because the request might have previously been freed, and thus the driver would be accessing bad data. This error condition is also difficult to test because a tester of the first driver may not be able to control whether the second driver returns a pending status in response to I/O requests.
Yet another type of error condition occurs when user mode handles are referenced with kernel mode privileges. User mode handles, as non-privileged handles, should be restricted to referencing only objects to which the current user has been granted security access. This restriction facilitates security checks. However, if a user mode handle is referenced as kernel mode by a driver, then the normal security checks that would be applied to the handle are forgone. In such a case, the currently running application can access an object referenced by the handle even when executed by a user in a security context that normally would not allow the user access to the referenced object. Further, the unprivileged process can modify the user handle such that it will reference a second object which is different from the original object referenced by the same handle value. This can cause the privileged kernel code to access the second object even though the handle was intended to access the original object.
Another type of error occurs when unprivileged user mode memory addresses cross the kernel mode security boundary. Accessing user mode memory from kernel mode code can be a security risk because the unprivileged user mode application can free the memory being accessed, change its memory protection, or change the contents of that memory while the kernel mode code is accessing it. There are specific guidelines that all code running in kernel mode at the boundary of the user mode should follow to guard the system from a possible attack or errors propagated from user mode. However, once the boundary of trust has been crossed the kernel mode code is allowed to assume that all the memory addresses it receives from its callers are kernel mode addresses that are fully trusted. Thus, a security risk is created when the user-kernel mode boundary code allows any of the untrusted user memory addresses to cross the boundary of trust. This can result in various types of data corruption, system crashes, or typical security vulnerabilities, such as elevation of privilege, information disclosure, tampering of data or denial of service.
In addition to being deficient in testing error conditions, driver verification tools typically require a system restart when additional drivers are to be tested and/or when the set of checks is modified.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a method for verifying driver component behavior is provided. The method can be implemented by a driver verification component. In accordance with the method, the driver verification component verifies that a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time. I/O requests which do not complete immediately are generally classified as "pending." The driver verification component verifies that pending I/O requests are processed correctly by a driver component. Further, the driver verification component verifies that a set of parameters in a call to a driver component conforms with security requirements.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a computer-readable medium having computer-executable modules for verifying driver components is provided. The computer executable modules include a verification test module for determining whether a driver component processes I/O requests in a specified amount of time. Further, the computer executable modules include a verification test module for determining whether pending I/O requests are processed correctly by a driver component. Still further, the computer executable modules include a verification test module for determining whether a set of parameters in a call to a driver component conforms with security requirements.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, a method for enabling a driver verification component is provided. A first initialization of the driver verification component is performed. The first initialization includes initialization of data structures associated with the driver verification component. A request to fully enable the driver verification component is obtained. A second initialization of the driver verification component is performed. The second initialization fully enables the driver verification component for selected driver components. Additionally, the settings associated with the driver verification component can be modified.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a computer system illustrating interactions among components of the system in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating verification routines implemented by a driver verification component in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a hang-verification sub-routine implemented by a driver verification component in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a completion/cancellation test sub-routine implemented by a driver verification component in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a cancellation-test sub-routine implemented by a driver verification component in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a pending verification sub-routine implemented by a driver verification component in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a handle-verification sub-routine implemented by a driver verification component in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an address-verification sub-routine implemented by a driver verification component in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a driver verification update routine implemented by a verification component in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating a change-settings sub-routine implemented by a driver verification component in accordance with an aspect the present invention; and
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the system of FIG. 1 illustrating hooking of Kernel function calls by driver verification functions in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
Generally described, the present invention is directed toward systems and methods for verifying the behavior of user-specified kernel mode components, commonly referred to as drivers. More specifically, in accordance with the present invention, a driver verification component monitors driver processing of requests and ensures that various parameters in a call to a driver component conform with security requirements. Additionally, in another aspect, the driver verification component may be fully initialized when a request to modify the settings of the driver verification component is received. Although the present invention will be described with relation to illustrative verification methods, one skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that the disclosed embodiments are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting.
With reference now to FIG. 1, an exemplary computer system 100 includes a user program component 102, a driver component 104, a driver verification component 106, and a kernel component 108. In an illustrative embodiment, the user program component 102 operates in user mode, a nonprivileged mode in which applications typically run, and is operable to transmit a request to a driver component 104. Typically, a user program component 102 that runs in user mode has access to a limited set of interfaces and limited access to computer system data. If the driver component 104 is selected for verification, a request transmitted from the driver component 104 can be redirected such that it is received by a driver verification component 106. In an illustrative embodiment, the driver verification component 106 can notify a user of error conditions. Notification of an error may occur through initiation of a bug check, by logging the error, or through other techniques well-known in the art. In an illustrative embodiment, the driver verificafion component 106 can transmit a request to a kernel component 108. The kernel component 108 can process the request and transmit a response to the driver verification component 106. In an illustrative embodiment, the driver verification component 106 is further operable to transmit a response to the driver component 104 and/or to a user program component 102. The driver component 104, driver verification component 106, and kernel component 108 can operate in kernel mode. Kernel mode is a privileged mode of code execution in which all memory is accessible and all instructions can be issued.
In an alternative embodiment, a driver component 104 can transmit a request directly to the kernel component 108. Further, the kernel component 108 can transmit a request to an object manager, which in turn transmits a request to the driver verification component 106. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the path by which a request travels to the driver verification component 106, and by which a response travels from the driver verification component 106, is not limiting. Further, requests may originate with the driver component 104 and need not be obtained from a user program component 102.
In an illustrative embodiment, a user program component 102 can be a word-processing program, a spreadsheet program, a media player, a web browser, a program that allows a user to manipulate files, or any other type of program that operates in user mode. Additionally, one skilled in the art will appreciate that a driver component 104 may be a disk driver, a keyboard driver, a mouse driver, a network adapter driver, a filter driver, or any other type of driver. Further, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the kernel component 108 is generally the portion of an operating system which manages memory and files and allocates system resources. Additionally, one skilled in the art will appreciate that a request may be a request to perform an I/O operation or any other type of request.
The computer system 100 can include a variety of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer system 100 and includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer system 100.
The communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
The invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.
With reference now to FIG. 2, a flow diagram of a driver verification routine 200 implemented by the driver verification component 106 is depicted. At block 202, the driver verification component 106 performs a hang verification sub-routine, which can monitor I/O requests to ensure that the requests are processed in a specified amount of time. Requests that are not processed in a specified amount of time may cause the kernel component 108 to wait for an indefinite period. An exemplary hang verification sub-routine is depicted in FIG. 3 and will be described in greater detail below. At block 204, the driver verification component 106 performs a pending verification sub-routine. Pending verification can ensure that pending requests are handled correctly by driver components. In an illustrative embodiment, a pending state may be entered when the kernel component 108 does not complete a request immediately. An exemplary pending verification sub-routine is depicted in FIG. 6 and will be described in greater detail below.
At block 206, the driver verification component 106 performs a handle verification sub-routine. In an illustrative embodiment, a request made to a driver component 104 may include a handle parameter. Further, in an illustrative embodiment the driver verification component 106 verifies that the handle conforms with security requirements. An exemplary handle verification sub-routine is depicted in FIG. 7 and will be described in greater detail below. At block 208, the driver verification component 106 performs an address verification sub-routine. A request made to a driver component 104 may include parameters which include an address. Accordingly, the driver verification component 106 can verify that the address conforms with security requirements. An exemplary address verification sub-routine is depicted in FIG. 8 and will be described in greater detail below. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, requests transmitted to driver components 104 may be in the form of calls from another software component in the computer system 100. At block 210, routine 200 terminates. In an illustrative embodiment, the driver verification component 106 can perform any one or more of the sub-routines referenced in FIG. 2.
With reference now to FIG. 3, an exemplary hang-verification sub-routine 300 implemented by a verifier component 106 will be described. Beginning at block 302, the driver verification component 106 obtains an I/O request, such as in the form of an I/O request packet. In an illustrative embodiment, a user may determine which I/O requests are monitored by the driver verification component 106, such as by selecting I/O requests based on characteristics of the request. For example, I/O requests that originated from a user mode application may be monitored. In another illustrative embodiment, I/O requests may be monitored based on computer system 100 settings or monitored based on the driver which transmitted the request. In a further embodiment, an I/O request may include information that is to be written to disk or may include instructions for controlling a device.
At decision block 304, a test is conducted to determine if execution of a cancellation test is requested. In an illustrative embodiment, a user or administrator can issue a request that results in execution of a cancellation test. If cancellation was requested, a cancellation test is executed at block 306. An exemplary cancellation test is depicted in FIG. 5 and will be described in greater detail below. If cancellation was not requested, then a completion test, and possibly a cancellation test, is executed at block 308. An exemplary completion/cancellation test is depicted in FIG. 4 and will be described in greater detail below. At block 310, sub-routine 300 returns to routine 200.
With reference now to FIG. 4, an exemplary completion, with possible forced cancellation, test sub-routine 400 will be described. Beginning at block 402, the sub-routine waits a specified period of time for an I/O request that has been submitted for completion to complete. In an illustrative embodiment, I/O requests are submitted for completion after a driver component 104 has finished processing the request. At decision block 404, a test is conducted to determine if the request completed. If the request did not complete, at decision block 406, a test is conducted to determine whether a driver component 104 returned "pending" status and set a cancel routine. In an illustrative embodiment, the test conducted at decision block 406 ensures that driver components 104 pend requests that exceed the specified completion time and associate the requests with a cancel routine. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, a cancel routine associated with a request can be executed if a thread that issued the request exits before the request is completed. If an I/O request is not pended, an error is logged at block 412. If a cancel routine was not set, an error is logged at block 412.
If a driver component 104 pended the request and set a cancel routine, a test is conducted at decision block 408 to determine whether cancellation should be forcibly injected. In an illustrative embodiment, a probability parameter can be used to determine whether cancellation should be forcibly injected. For example, a user may configure the probability parameter such that cancellation is forcibly injected a certain percentage of time. In an illustrative embodiment, the probability parameter allows a user to inject forced cancellations into a specified percentage of requests. If, at decision block 408, it is determined that cancellation should be forcibly injected, then a cancellation test is executed at block 410. An exemplary cancellation test is depicted in FIG. 5 and will be described in greater detail below. At block 414, sub-routine 400 returns to sub-routine 300.
With reference now to FIG. 5, an exemplary cancellation test sub-routine 500 implemented by a driver verification component 106 will be described. Beginning At block 502, a cancel routine associated with a request is invoked. At block 504, the driver verification component 106 waits a specified period of time for the cancel routine to complete. In an illustrative embodiment, a cancel routine associated with a request is responsible for releasing resources acquired during processing of a request and completing the request with a canceled status. At block 506, a test is conducted to determine whether the cancel routine completed. An error is logged at block 508 if a cancel routine associated with a request failed to complete within the specified time. At block 510, sub-routine 500 returns. In an illustrative embodiment, sub-routine 500 returns to sub-routine 400. In another embodiment, sub-routine 500 returns to sub-routine 300.
With reference now to FIG. 6, an exemplary pending verification sub-routine 600 will be described. In an illustrative embodiment, the pending verification sub-routine 600 allows a user to test driver component 104 behavior while a request is pending. For example, a first driver may transmit an I/O request to a second driver with the second driver returning a pending status to the first driver. In an illustrative embodiment, the pending verification sub-routine 600 allows a user to simulate this scenario. Beginning at block 602, the driver verification component 106 obtains an I/O request. At block 604, the status of the request is set based on the handling of the request. In an illustrative embodiment, the driver verification component 106 attempts to complete the request by transmitting the request to the kernel component 108. Further, in an illustrative embodiment, a status code returned from the kernel component 108 is used to set the request status.
At decision block 606, a test is conducted to determine whether the request is pending. In an illustrative embodiment, if the request is pending, then the portion of driver component code which handles pending requests can be exercised without any action on the part of the driver verification component 106. Thus, at block 608, sub-routine 600 returns to routine 200. If the request is not pending, a test is conducted at decision block 610 to determine whether the request status should be forced to pending. In an illustrative embodiment, forced pendings may be injected based on a probability -parameter. For example, a user may choose to inject forced pendings into a certain percentage of requests. In an illustrative embodiment, the driver verification component 106 determines whether status pending should be injected into a request by calculating a random number and comparing it with the probability parameter. If forced pending status is not injected into a request, at block 608, sub-routine 600 returns to routine 200.
In an illustrative embodiment, if pending status is to be forcibly injected, at block 612, the status of the request is saved. In an illustrative embodiment, the driver verification component 106 creates a data structure in which to store the request status. At block 614, the status of the request is set to "pending." In an illustrative embodiment, setting the status of the request to pending allows a driver component 104 to exercise a portion of code which handles pending requests, which is depicted at block 616. The pending verification sub-routine 600 can be used to ensure that data structures associated with an I/O request are not freed until the request completes. At block 618, the request status stored at block 612 is restored and processing of the request is resumed. At block 620, sub-routine 600 returns to routine 200.
With reference now to FIG. 7, an exemplary handle verification sub-routine 700 will be described. Beginning at block 702, a call including a set of parameters is obtained. In an illustrative embodiment, the call is obtained from a driver component 104. At decision block 704, a test is conducted to determine whether the parameters include a handle. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, a handle can be an object identifier. If the parameters do not include a handle, at block 712, sub-routine 700 returns to routine 200. Alternatively, at decision block 706, a test is conducted to determine whether the handle reference mode is kernel mode. In an illustrative embodiment, handles can be referenced as either kernel mode or user mode.
If the handle is not referenced as kernel mode, at block 714, sub-routine 700 returns to routine 200. Otherwise, at decision block 708, a test is conducted to determine whether the handle is a user mode handle. In an illustrative embodiment, a handle may be either a user mode handle or a kernel mode handle. If the handle is not a user mode handle, at block 716, sub-routine 700 returns to routine 200. Alternatively, a user is notified of an error at termination block 710. Error notification may occur through initiation of a bug check, by logging the error, or through other techniques well-known in the art. Thus, sub-routine 700 results in an error notification when user mode handles are referenced as kernel mode. In an illustrative embodiment, a user can select to verify a subset of driver calls. Further, a subset of driver calls may be verified based on system settings.
With reference now to FIG. 8, an exemplary address verification sub-routine 800 will be described. Beginning at block 802, a call including a set of parameters is obtained. In an illustrative embodiment, the call is obtained from a driver component 104. At decision block 804, a test is conducted to determine whether the parameters include a memory address. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, an address can reference a segment of memory. If the parameters do not include an address, at block 812, sub-routine 800 returns to routine 200. Otherwise, at decision block 806, a test is conducted to determine whether the address will be referenced as kernel mode. In an illustrative embodiment, addresses can be referenced as either kernel mode or user mode.
If the address will not be referenced as kernel mode, at block 814, sub-routine 800 returns to routine 200. Otherwise, at decision block 808, a test is conducted to determine whether the address is a user mode address. In an illustrative embodiment, an address may be either a user mode address or a kernel mode address. If the address is not a user mode address, at block 816, sub-routine 800 returns to routine 200. Alternatively, a user is notified of an error at termination block 810. Error notification may occur through initiation of a bug check, by logging the error, or through other techniques well-known in the art. Thus, sub-routine 800 results in an error notification when user mode addresses will be referenced as kernel mode. In an illustrative embodiment, a user can select to verify a subset of driver calls. Further, a subset of driver calls may be verified based on system settings.
With reference now to FIG. 9, in an illustrative embodiment 900, the driver verification component 106 can be initialized in at least two stages. In an illustrative embodiment, at system startup, a first initialization 902 of the driver verification component 106 can be performed. Further, in an illustrative embodiment, the first initialization can be a minimal, low overhead initialization. In an illustrative embodiment, a first initialization can include initializing core data structures associated with the driver verification component 106. Further, in an illustrative embodiment, a first initialization can include discovering and storing the addresses of system application programming interfaces (APIs) that might be redirected to a driver verification method. Redirection of system APIs will be discussed in more detail below.
At decision block 904, a test is conducted to determine whether the driver verification component 106 should be fully enabled on system startup. In an illustrative embodiment, a system parameter may be set to signal that the driver verification component 106 is to be fully enabled on system startup. If the driver verification component 106 is to be fully enabled on system startup, at block 906, the driver verification component 106 is fully initialized and enabled for selected drivers. In an illustrative embodiment, a user selects the driver components 104 to be verified. Further, a full initialization can include adding driver component names to the list of drivers to be verified. Still further, a full initialization can include initializing a set of verification checks, initializing verifier sub-modules, and applying verifier hook functions to verified drivers.
At block 910, a test is conducted to determine whether a user requested changes to be made to driver verification component 106 settings. Changes to driver verification component settings can include a user request to add another driver to a verification list. Further, a user can request that a set of verification checks be changed. The driver verification component 106 waits until a user requests modifications before proceeding to block 914.
If the driver verification component 106 is not fully enabled on system startup at block 904, then, a test is conducted at decision block 908 to determine whether a user requested to make changes to driver verification component 106 settings. The test at decision block 908 is similar-to the test conducted at decision block 910 described above. In an illustrative embodiment, if a user did request changes, then the driver verification component is fully initialized and enabled for selected drivers at block 912. Further, the full initialization performed at block 912 is similar to the full initialization performed at block 906. Thus, if the driver verification component 106 is not fully initialized on system startup, then the driver verification component 106 can be fully initialized after a user requests that settings be changed. At block 914, the settings of the driver verification component can be modified.
FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary sub-routine 1000 in which driver verification settings can be changed. Beginning at decision block 1002, a test is conducted to determine whether a user requested that a driver be added to a verification list. If a user did not request to add a driver to the verification list, then the requested set of driver verifier checks are changed at termination block 1006. For example, a user may choose to switch from performing fault injection tests to running a hang verification sub-routine. Further, each requested verification check can be applied. If a user has requested to add another driver to a verification list, then a test is conducted at decision block 1004 to determine if the requested driver is loaded in memory. If the driver is not loaded into memory, then, at block 1008, verification checks can be applied when the driver is loaded into memory. Alternatively, a subset of verification checks can be applied at block 1010. In an illustrative embodiment, applying a subset of checks to a loaded driver can be accomplished through API function hooking, which is described below. At block 1012, sub-routine 1000 returns to routine 900. At block 916, routine 900 terminates.
With reference now to FIG. 11, in an exemplary computer system 100 in which driver verification is performed, driver verification functions hook into driver component 104 function calls. In an illustrative embodiment, function hooking, also known as API hooking, may be performed by making direct modifications to the Import Address Tables (IAT) 1104 of the driver component 104. Generally described, each driver has its own IAT that contains the entry-point addresses of the kernel APIs that are used. Such entry point addresses can be used when the process makes a call to the corresponding APIs. Therefore, by replacing the entry-point address of an API (in the IAT) with that of a replacement function, it is possible to redirect any calls to the API to the verifier replacement function 1108. It is to be noted that IAT modification is described as an example. It is contemplated that any suitable API hooking method can be used to intercept API calls. In FIG. 11, the entry-point address of FUNCTION A 1106 in an IAT has been modified so that when the driver calls FUNCTIONA 1102, the replacement function 1108 associated with the driver verification component can be executed. After the replacement function 1108 processes the request, the replacement function calls the corresponding kernel FUNCTION A 1110.
In an illustrative embodiment, a request to verify a driver component may be obtained after a driver component has been loaded into memory. In such a case, a subset of requested verification checks can be implemented. Whether a replacement function is hooked into a driver can be based on dependencies that can exist between other replacement functions. For example, a replacement function can be hooked if the replacement function does not depend on data from other replacement functions.
In an illustrative embodiment, the driver verification component 106 can simulate a low resource environment. For example, the driver verification component 106 can simulate low memory conditions by failing some of the memory allocation requests made by a driver component 104. A user can specify a custom probability which controls the frequency of failed resource allocation requests. Additionally, the driver verification component 106 allows a user to select one or more user programs 102 for fault injection. For example, a driver component 104 may receive requests from User Program A and User Program B. If desired, the user can configure the driver verification component 106 such that faults will only be injected when the driver component 104 is in communication with User Program A.
In an illustrative embodiment, a user can specify a boot time grace period before which time the driver verification component 106 will not perform any verification checks. For example, a user can specify that verification checks should start no sooner than 2 minutes after the system 100 boots up. Additionally, a user can choose to verify selected code paths of the driver component 104. For example, memory used by a driver component 104 can be tagged with an identification value. In an illustrative embodiment, a user can select tag values to inject with faults.
While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Today, I noticed an update had arrived for Grand Theft Auto IV, which I haven't played in a very long time on my PS3. Looking afterward on the internet, it became clear that on April 26, 2018 an article on Rockstar Intel which lays out the hard news of what the update withholds.
Sadly, for many fans who loved listening to the radio and its many stations when cruising Liberty City doing some free roaming or finishing up some story missions. As the update have removed songs from the game, down below you can read what songs from what stations have been removed.
It was possible to read all which had been removed by Mastah on the GTA Forums, who kindly provided the list.
Luckily though, there have been added some new songs to accommodate with the loss of many good musical numbers. Down below you can read what has been added exactly.
These have all been the songs that I've been able to gather information about being added so far, as well as to what has been lost. Yet, I'm interested in what your thoughts on this are.
Tell me down in the comments below for which songs where your favorites listening to in GTA IV.


text:
Q: How to generate all possible subsequences including Non-continuous subsequences of a string using C For example,
char str[20];
str="ABCD";

Output :
1 - A, B, C,D

2 -  AB,AC, AD BC, BD, CD.

3 - ABC, ABD, BCD.

4 - ABCD.

The sub-sequences are generated only in left to right fashion. Thanks :)
#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include<string.h>

 int sub[10];

void next(int max, int length) {

    int pos = length - 1,a;

    //find first digit that can be increased
while(pos >= 0)
{
    if(sub[pos] == max - (length - 1 - pos))
        pos--;

    else
        break;
}

    sub[pos]++; //increase digit

    //update other digits
    for( a = pos+1; a < length; a++)
        sub[a] = sub[a-1] + 1;

}

int main()
{
char word[100];
printf("Enter a word = ");
scanf("%s",word);

int max = strlen(word) - 1,n,i,a,b;

for(n=1; n <= max+1; n++)
{

    printf("\n");

    for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        sub[i] = i;
    }

    for(a = 0; ; a++)
    {
        for(b=0; b < max+1; b++)
            printf("%c",word[sub[b]]);

        printf("\n");

        if(sub[0] == max - (n - 1))
            break;

        else
            next(max, n);
    }

    printf("\n");

}

return 0;
}

This code only produces sub-sequences of the length equal to the length of the string and it also repeats a particular character.

A: not the cleanest, most effective code, but this'll do :D
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

char *printForMask(int mask, char *str)
{
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    char *maskedString = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * strlen(str) + 1);
    for (; mask > 0; mask >>= 1, j++) {
            if (mask & 1)
                    maskedString[i++] = str[j];
    }
    maskedString[i] = '\0';
    return maskedString;
}

int main()
{
    char str[20] = "ABCD";

    int mask = 1;
    int maskLen = 1;
    int stringLen = strlen(str);

    for (maskLen = 1; maskLen <= stringLen; maskLen++) {
            printf("%d ", maskLen);
            for (mask = (int)pow(2,maskLen) - 1; mask <= (int) pow(2, stringLen) - 1; mask <<= 1) {
                    char *temp = printForMask(mask, str);
                    printf ("%s%s", temp, (mask << 1 <= (int) pow(2, stringLen) - 1) ? ", " : "\n");
                    free(temp);
            }
    }
    return 0;
}

EDIT
for the string ABCD
str[0] = 'A'
str[1] = 'B'
str[2] = 'C'
str[3] = 'D'

right?
So What I'm doing is using the binary representation of a integer 2^strlen(str) - 1
which in this case would be 2^4 - 1 = 15 = 0b1111
In the first for-loop of the main function, I increase the mask, meaning
start off with a mask = 0b0001, for each iteration of the loop, increase the mask to mask = 0b1111
And in the inner for loop, I shift the mask so that something like this happens
mask = 0b0001  //A
mask = 0b0010  //B
mask = 0b0100  //C
mask = 0b1000  //D
//The inner loop will finish here, and the mask length will become 2
mask = 0b0011  //AB
mask = 0b0110  //BC
mask = 0b1100  //CD
//etc.  The string representation is made by the function printForMask()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Undisclosed ICC agreement with NAHB alleged to thwart more stringent efficiency codes
Homebuilders' seats on ICC made it easier to block new provisions, report alleges.
Peter Fabris, Contributing Editor
The International Code Council made an unpublicized deal with the National Association of Home Builders that has effectively blocked efforts to boost energy efficiency and structure resiliency in the ICC's code development, according to a report in the New York Times.
The previously undisclosed written agreement guarantees NAHB representatives four of the 11 voting seats—enough to stymie certain new code provisions—on two committees that approve building code revisions, according to critics. This pact has helped enable the trade group to prevent changes that would have made new houses in much of the country more energy-efficient or more resilient to floods, hurricanes, and other disasters, the Times report says.
Before NAHB members gained seats on the energy committee, the energy efficiency of those building codes increased 32% over six years. After the homebuilders' industry's influence expanded, that number was less than 3% over the same amount of time, the Times report says.
NAHB officials say that the agreement is appropriate, given that its members are most impacted by the codes. Critics charge that the arrangement has thwarted important code provisions such as mandates for tougher foundations in flood-prone areas and measures to ensure that roofs were less likely to blow off during hurricanes.
An uninterrupted path connects the lobby to the top floor at Akamai's new headquarters building. Images: Sasaki
Internet platform connects its employees with mile-long staircase in new HQ


text:
Ophryotrocha schubravyi is een borstelworm uit de familie Dorvilleidae. Het lichaam van de worm bestaat uit een kop, een cilindrisch, gesegmenteerd lichaam en een staartstukje. De kop bestaat uit een prostomium (gedeelte voor de mondopening) en een peristomium (gedeelte rond de mond) en draagt gepaarde aanhangsels (palpen, antennen en cirri).

Ophryotrocha schubravyi werd in 1980 voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Tsetlin.

Dorvilleidae


text:
Home/Padres Draft
Padres' Draft Profile: 8th Round Selection Mitch Watrous
By Mark "Wisco" Whelan
Utah hurler Mitch Watrous. Mandatory Credit: deseretnews.com
With the 237th pick of the First-Year Player Draft, the San Diego Padres selected pitcher Mitch Watrous of the University of Utah. Watrous recently completed his junior year at Utah, compiling a 3-7 record with a 3.91 ERA in 15 starts for the Utes.
According to Utah coach Bill Kinneberg, the 6'0", 200 lb. right-hander is known for his work ethic and the strength of his arm.
""He's strong. He's got a great arm. Arm strength is one of the, if not the No. 1 asset that professional scouts are looking for. And he knows how to pitch now. He's got three quality pitches."h/t to Matthew Piper of the Salt Lake Tribune"
Watrous was not drafted out of high school, when his primary asset was a mid-80s fastball. His own description of his abilities was that he had mound savvy, that he was just an average high school pitcher. He walked on as a freshman at Utah.
Over three years, he developed three quality pitches, including his best pitch, a sinking fastball, which is clocked in the mid-90s. He also features a solid change-up and a slider. Utah pitching coach Mike Crawford saw something special in Waltrous: his competitiveness.
Dave Lottsfeldt, the San Diego scout who recommended Watrous, agrees with Crawford: "He's the guy that has an extra plus tool with the 'grit' factor. He competes extremely well and is a leader."
Watrous used that competitive nature to improve each year, earning Honorable Mention All-Pac 12 in both his sophomore and junior seasons. His sophomore year, he was 4-4 with a 2.81 ERA and 64 strikeouts in 93 innings. Watrous improved his strikeout rate each year in college, racking up 76 Ks in 96.2 innings as a junior, good for eighth in the conference. Over his three seasons, he compiled a 3.39 ERA. The Pac-12 is one of the most competitive conferences in college baseball.
Watrous was the third pitcher taken by the Padres in the draft, following Zech Lemond and Ryan Butler. All three are college right-handers with big fastballs. The Padres have selected six college players in the first eight rounds of the draft. Perhaps this focus on college players indicates that they are looking for more immediate help for the team, rather than taking high school players with potentially higher ceilings, who will require a longer wait until they can help at the big league level.


Trading in your Samsung Galaxy for an iPhone? Here's how to make the switch!
If you're considering switching to iPhone from your Samsung Galaxy phone, then here are a few things to consider while you consider.
Once you've made up your mind to switch to iPhone, you might still be wondering which iPhone exactly you should switch to. iPhone X is the best of the best, while the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus hold their own quite well in this generation, now featuring wireless charging and wonderful cameras.
Should you upgrade to iPhone 8 or iPhone 8 Plus?
What color iPhone X should you get: Silver or space gray?
What iPhone X storage size should you get: 64GB vs. 256GB?
Once you know what you're getting, you can head on over to Apple or your local big box or carrier store to place your order.
iPhone works great with all Google services right out of the box. You can sign into your Google account at the system level, and download almost all of Google's major apps right from the App Store. That means you can pretty much get up and running, and keep going right from where you left off, incredibly quickly and easily.
Apple also makes the Move to iOS app, to help you transfer over any other data you might have.
If you haven't used iOS in a while, or ever at all, it's really easy to pick up. If you want to get going even faster, though, we have everything you need to know.
If you're still weighing your options, make sure you check out our iPhone forums or ask in the comments below. No matter what replacement phone you ultimately decide on, I hope you love it!