Promulgating Entities:Supreme People's Court, Supreme People's Procuratorate, Ministry of Public Security, et al.
Article 1: These Provisions have been enacted pursuant to relevant laws and regulations, in order to ensure the practice rights of lawyers, such that lawyers may wholly play their functions of protecting the lawful rights and interests of parties, maintaining the correct implementation of the law, and preserving social fairness and justice, and to promote judicial fairness.
Article 2: People's courts, people's procuratorates, public security organs, state security organs and judicial administrative organs shall respect lawyers and shall strengthen systems for preserving lawyers' professional rights, according to the stipulations of the Criminal Procedure Law, the Civil Procedure Law, the Administrative Litigation Law and the Lawyers' Law; each organ shall, within the scope of its own responsibility, preserve in accordance with law the rights of lawyers to access information, make applications and file lawsuits, as well as their rights to meet clients, access case files, and gather evidence, and to ask questions, test evidence and to make defense arguments etc. in the exercise of their professional rights, and each organ must not obstruct lawyers in the lawful performance of their duties as defense lawyers and representatives, and must not infringe upon their lawful rights and interests.
Article 3: People's courts, people's procuratorates, public security organs, state security organs,judicial administrative organs and lawyers' associations shall establish remedial mechanisms to strengthen lawyers' professional rights.
Relevant organs shall immediately put a stop to and lawfully handle situations where lawyers who are carrying out their work according to law, suffer humiliation, defamation, threats, reprisals or bodily harm, and, where necessary, they shall adopt protective measures toward lawyers.
Article 4: People's courts, people's procuratorates, public security organs, state security organs, and organs for the administration of justice shall establish and perfect litigation service centers, places for filing and receiving service of lawsuits, rooms for lawyers to meet with clients, and rooms for reading case files, to standardize work flow and to facilitate lawyers' engaging in work such as case filing, meeting with clients, accessing case files, participating in hearings and making applications. Explore establishing online information systems and lawyers' services platforms, to increase efficiency in case-handling.
Article 5: The organ that is handling a case shall, in the course of handling the case, lawfully notify parties of their right to retain defense counsel and/or an agent ad litem. The organ that is handling the case shall promptly notify persons meeting the requirements for legal aid who have not appointed defense counsel or agents ad litem, of their right to apply for legal aid and, according to relevant regulations, shall pass on application materials to relevant legal aid institutions. The organ that is handling a case shall, upon discovering that a criminal suspect or a defendant bears circumstances that would qualify him or her for legal aid, promptly notify the legal aid institution to appoint a lawyer to act as his or her defence counsel.
Article 6: Once lawyers have been retained by a criminal suspect or defendant, or have been assigned by a legal aid organization, they shall notify the organ that is handling the case, and may lawfully learn from that organ the name of the crime which the suspect or defendant is suspected or accused of having committed and the main facts which have been ascertained at that time, as well as the status of the criminal suspect or defendant with regard to the use, alteration of, or removal of coercive measures, and whether the investigating organ has extended the detention period for further investigation etc., in which case the organ that is handling the case shall according to law promptly notify the defense lawyer.
The organ that is handling the case shall promptly notify the defense lawyer in accordance with law where it transfers a case to be reviewed for prosecution, returns the case for supplementary investigation, initiates public prosecution, extends a trial, does not hold second-instance trial court hearings, announces a judgment or other major procedural decisions; and also where the peoples procuratorate submits a request to the next level people's procuratorate for decision in respect of whether to approve an arrest in a case it has directly filed and investigated.
Article 7: When defense counsel arrive at a detention center to meet with criminal suspects or defendants, in detention, the detention center shall, having inspected the lawyer's practising certificate, law firm certificate and letter of attorney or an official letter of legal aid, promptly arrange the meeting. Where it can be arranged on the spot, it shall be arranged on the spot; where it cannot be arranged on the spot, the detention center shall explain the circumstances to the defense lawyer and shall guarantee that the defense lawyer shall meet with the detained criminal suspect or defendant within 48 hours.
In arranging a client meeting, a detention center must not impose additional conditions or alter the required documents or materials that the defense lawyer must submit beyond that which is legally required and the detention center must not decline to arrange a meeting for the defense lawyer on the basis that notification has not yet been received from the organ that is handling the case.
Detention centers shall establish client meeting appointment platforms, and shall adopt measures for greater convenience for defense lawyers to meet with clients such as online appointment making and telephone appointment making measures, but they must not use a failure to make an appointment for a meeting as a basis to decline to arrange a meeting for a defense lawyer.
When a defence lawyer meets with a criminal suspect or a defendant in detention, the detention center shall adopt necessary measures to preserve the smooth and safe progress of the meeting. When defence lawyers meet with criminal suspects or defendants in detention, the detention center shall guarantee that the defense lawyers have the necessary time and the number of visits to discharge their duties, and coordinate this with detention center work arrangements and investigation work of the organ that is handling the case. When a defense lawyer has meeting with a criminal suspect or a defendant in detention, it shall not be monitored, and the organ that is handling the case must not appoint a person to be present. Where there are insufficient lawyer-client meeting rooms, the detention center may, with the written consent of the defense lawyer, arrange for the meeting to take place in the interrogation room, but it shall turn off recording and monitoring equipment. Where a criminal suspect or a defendant has retained two lawyers to act as defense counsel, the two defense lawyers may meet with him/her jointly or separately. Defense lawyers may bring with them a legal assistant to assist them during the meeting. Where a legal assistant is attending the meeting along with the defense lawyer, he/she shall produce a law firm certificate and a practice certificate or an application for a practising certificate for lawyers' professional staff. The organ that is handling the case shall verify the identity of the legal assistant.
Article 8: Where a criminal suspect or a defendant in detention terminates the representation, the organ that is handling the case shall him/her to issue or sign a written document [to this effect], and pass this on to the newly appointed attorney or law firm within 3 days. A defense lawyer may demand that a criminal suspect or defendant verify that he/she has terminated the relationship in a meeting with the lawyer, and the detention center shall arrange that meeting; however where a criminal suspect or defendant declines a meeting in written form, the detention centre shall pass on the relevant written materials to the defense lawyer, and need not arrange the meeting.
Where a the guardian or close relative of a detained suspect or defendant ends the lawyers' representation, and where the suspect or defendant consents, the detention center shall permit a newly retained lawyer to meet them, and the suspect or defendant verifies the representation; where the suspect or defendant does not consent to ending the original lawyers' representation, the detention center shall stop the new lawyer from meeting the client.
Article 9: Where, during the investigation period, defense lawyers request to meet with clients who are detained as suspects or defendants in crimes of endangering state security, terrorism activities or especially serious bribery cases,they shall make an application to the organ that is handling the investigation. The organ that is handling the investigation shall promptly examine the application submitted by the defense lawyer according to law, and shall within three days issue a written response to the defense lawyer of its decision whether or not to permit [the meeting], and shall specify the communication method by which it will notify the department and staff responsible for liaising with the defense lawyer. Where there is permission granted for a meeting with the client, a document notifying the lawyer that permission had been given shall be issued to them; where it would obstruct an investigation or it might involve the leaking of state secrets and it is not permitted for a client meeting to take place, reasons shall be explained to the defense lawyer. After the circumstances which might obstruct an investigation or involve the leaking of state secrets have dissipated, the meeting shall be permitted, and the detention center and defense lawyer(s) shall promptly be notified. In cases involving especially serious bribery, the organ conducting the investigation shall permit the defense lawyer to meet with the criminal suspect at least once before the investigation has concluded.
The organ conducting the investigation must not interpret and expand the scope of the three categories in the previous paragraph at will, limiting lawyer-client meetings.
Article 10: From the date on which the case is referred for review for prosecution, the lawyer may verify relevant evidence in meeting with the criminal suspect or defendant.
Article 11: Defense lawyers, in meeting with detained criminal suspects or defendants may make records of their meetings according to their needs and may request that criminal suspects and defendants sign the meeting notes after confirming that they contain no errors.
Article 12: Where defense lawyers require a translator to be present with them while they are meeting with a criminal suspect or defendant in detention, they shall submit an application to the organ that is handling the case and shall provide the translator's identity card and authentication provided by his/her unit. The organ that is handling the case shall promptly review it and shall issue a decision on whether or not to permit this within 3 days. Where permission is granted for the translator to attend the meeting, a document containing the decision as to permission shall be produced for the defense lawyer and the detention center shall be notified. Where permission is not granted, a written explanation of reasons shall be given to the defense lawyer, and he/she shall be notified to replace the translator.
The translator shall hold the document notifying him/her of permission to participate and his/her own identity card, while attending the meeting with the defense lawyer.
Article 13: The detention center shall promptly pass on letters exchanged between a defense lawyer and a criminal suspect or defendant. A detention center may conduct necessary inspection of mail, but it must not intercept, copy or censor it, nor must it provide the contents of the mail tothe organ that it is handling the case, with the exception of mail whose contents involves state security, public safety, serious harm to the personal safety of others or where there is suspicion of circumstances relating to collusion to fabricate evidence or destroy evidence.
Article 14: From the date on which the case is referred for examination for prosecution, a lawyer may consult, extract or copy the materials relating to their case, with the exception of deliberation records of the people's procuratorate, records of deliberations of the collegiate bench and the adjudication committee of the people's court and other materials that may not be made public according to law. People's procuratorates and people's courts shall facilitate defense lawyers' [capacity to] consult, extract or copy the materials relating to their case, and in locations with [the correct] conditions they may promote electronic access to files, permitting the materials to be downloaded or copied onto discs. The organ that is investigating the case shall, within 3 days of referring the case for examination for prosecution, and the people's procuratorate shall, within 3 days of initiating public prosecution, notify the defence lawyer of the case's change in status [lit. the transfer situation]. Once public prosecution has been initiated for the case, if the people's procuratorate alters or adds to the evidence, it must promptly notify the defence lawyer. The defence lawyer has the right to consult, extract or copy any altered or additional evidence. A defence lawyer who is handling an appeal, or protesting a case, may, once the people's procuratorate and the people's court have completed their examination and assessment of the filing of the case, take their practice certificate, law firm certificate and letter of attorney or official letter of legal aid down to the case file management department or the case handling department that holds the case files and consult, extract or copy case materials from the case now that it has been tried to conclusion.
Where a defense lawyer has put forward a request for access to files, the peoples procuratorates and the peoples courts shall arrange for the defense lawyer to access the files on the spot, where it is not possible to arrange access on the spot, they shall provide an explanation to the defense lawyer and shall arrange that he or she shall be able to access the file within 3 working days, they must not limit the duration or number of times that the defense lawyer can access the file. Locations which have the capacity may establish a file access appointments platform.
People's procuratorates and people's courts shall facilitate and provide a place for defense lawyers to access files, providing them with any necessary facilities. As there are expenses involved in photocopying, those expenses must only be charged costs. For lawyers handling legal aid cases who incur expenses in photocopying materials, those expenses shall be waived or reduced. Defense lawyers may copy case materials by methods such as photocopying, photographing, scanning or copying electronic data, and may bring [a] legal assistant[s] to assist them according to their needs. The organ that is handling the case shall verify the identity of the legal assistant.
Where defense lawyers are consulting, extracting or copying case materials containing state secrets they shall do so with the consent of the people's procuratorate and the people's court and shall abide by the regulations on state secrets. Lawyers must not violate regulations, revealing or disseminating important case information and case materials, or using [that information or those materials] for purposes other than in defense and representation for that case.
Article 15: Where defense lawyers provide materials that are connected with the case, the organ that is handling the case shall receive those materials within office hours and at the place of business, and shall ascertain and record on the file in the presence of the defense lawyer, his/her purpose in providing the materials, the origin of the materials, their principal content and other relevant circumstances, filing them together with related materials and shall issue written acknowledgement of receipt of the items. The defence lawyer shall, when providing [materials] provide the original, or where there are challenges in providing the originals, they may provide a photocopy, as long as they do so with the permission of the organ that is handling the case, and have signed the photocopy after it has been compared for any errors with the original. A defense lawyer may submit related materials by means of an online services platform and the organ that is handling the case shall issue a written acknowledgement of receipt online. A defense lawyer shall promptly provide orginals to the organ that is handling the case along with a signed confirmation.
Article 16: During the period for review and determining whether to bring a criminal prosecution, or the trial period, if a defense lawyer provides a written application to have exculpatory or mitigating evidence collected that was gathered but handed over by public security organs or people's procuratorates while investigating or during the period for examining and determining whether to bring a criminal prosecution, the people's procuratorate and/or the people's court shall promptly examine and determine this request according to law. Where upon review it is believed that the evidence which a lawyer has applied to have collected has already been gathered and is in fact connected with the case, the organ shall promptly collect. Once relevant evidence materials have been submitted, people's procuratorate and the people's court shall promptly notify the defense lawyer that it may be consulted, copied, or reproduced. If after examination it is determined that the evidence should not be collected, then a written explanation of reasons shall be given.
Article 17: Where a defense lawyer has applied to gather evidence related to his/her case from a victim, the victim's close relations or a witness provided by the victim, the people's procuratorate, and/or the people's court shall issue a decision whether or not to permit this within 7 days and shall notify the defense lawyer. When a defense lawyer has issued a relevant written application, and the organ that is handling the case decides to deny the application, it shall state its reasons in writing; where the application has been made by the defense lawyer orally, the organ that is handling the case may respond orally.
Article 18: Where a defense lawyer applies to the people's procuratorate or the people's court to gather or collect evidence, the people's procuratorate or the people's court shall issue a decision whether it agrees or disagrees with the application within 3 days, and shall notify the defense lawyer. When a defense lawyer has made a relevant written application, and the organ that is handling the case does not agree with the application, it shall give a written statement of reasons; where the defense lawyer has made its application orally, the organ which is handling the case may answer orally.
Article 19: Where a defense lawyer applies to obtain evidence that is relevant to the case from a prisoner who is currently serving a sentence, the prison and other supervisory organs shall promptly arrange it and shall facilitate it and shall provide an appropriate place, once they have verified the lawyer's practicing certificate, law firm certificate and letter of attorney from the criminal suspect or defendant or official letter of legal aid.
Where a convict currently serving a criminal sentence is the victim, a relative of the victim, or a witness provided by the victim in a case that the lawyer is currently undertaking; they shall get approval from the people's court or people's procuratorate.
Article 20: Where In the course of civil and administrative proceedings lawyers are unable to to gather evidence for objective reasons, they may apply to the people's court to the people's court to collect evidence. Where upon review it is found eligible under provisions, the people's courts shall collect it.
Article 21: The case-handling organs shall hear the defense attorneys views where the lawyers so requests In the period before the investigating organ concludes its investigation of the case, in the period where the people's procuratorate or people's court is reviewing to approve or decide upon formal arrest, and in the period when the Supreme People's Court is reviewing a death penalty case. When a people's procuratorate is examining and determining whether to initiate a public prosecution, or where a people's court of second instance decides not to try a case, in these periods they shall fully listen to the opinions of a defense lawyer.
Where a defence lawyer requests that they be able to make their opinion known or to submit evidence in-person, the organ that is handling the case shall handle it according to law, and shall produce a written record of the addition to the case file. Where a defense lawyer provides a written opinion or evidence, it shall be added to the file.
Article 22: Where a defense lawyer makes a written application to change or remove of compulsory measures, the organ that is handling the case shall issue a decision on dealing with this within three days. Where the defense lawyer's application complies with laws and regulations, the organ that is handling the case shall promptly alter or remove the coercive measures; or, if, after examination and determination it believes that it does not need to alter or remove coercive measures, it shall notify the defense lawyer and shall issue a written statement of reasons.
Article 23: Where a defense lawyer, during the period in which the case is under investigation, undergoing examination and determination for initiating a public prosecution, or being tried, discovers relevant evidence falling within the circumstances set forth in Article 54 of the Criminal Procedure Law, he or she may apply to the organ that is handling the case for the exclusion of the unlawful evidence.
In the event that a defense lawyer applies for the exclusion of illegal evidence prior to the commencement of trial, and where the people's court has doubts about the lawfulness of the collection of the evidence, it shall convene a pre-trial meeting pursuant to Article 182 paragraph 2 of the Criminal Procedure Law, during which it shall understand the nature of the issues regarding the exclusion of the unlawful evidence, and shall hear opinions.
Where a defense lawyer applies for the exclusion of unlawful evidence, the organ that is handling the case shall listen to the opinions of defense lawyer(s), and according to procedures set out in law it shall examine and determine the verification of related evidence, and shall make a determination as to whether or not to exclude the evidence.
Article 24: Where a defense lawyer makes an application prior to trial for things such as the convening of a pretrial meeting, recusal, supplementary or new forensic evaluations and for witnesses or expert evaluators to appear before the court etc. the people's court shall promptly review and make a disposition decision, and notify the defense lawyer.
Article 25: When the people's court confirms the date for the commencement of trial, it shall reserve necessary preparation time for the lawyers to appear before court and shall notify the lawyers in writing. Where a lawyer, for reasons of a scheduling conflict with the starting date for trial or other ordinary reasons, applies to change the trial's starting date, the people's court shall consider and adjust the date where it will not affect the time limit for trying the case, and where it decides to adjust the date, shall promptly notify the lawyer.
Lawyers may apply to the people's court to have a legal assistant participate in hearings as necessary. Legal assistants participating in hearing can only engage in relevant support work, and must not express defense or representation comments.
Article 26: People's courts with capacity shall establish special lanes for lawyers participating in litigation, and where lawyers entering people's courts to participate in proceedings truly need to have a security check, they shall be treated the same as procuratorate personnel appearing in court to perform their duties. People's courts with capacity shall establish special changing rooms, rest areas or rest areas for lawyers, and provide the necessary chairs, tables, drinking water, network facilities and so forth, for the convenience of lawyers participating in proceedings.
Article 27: During the course of trial, where lawyers apply for the recusal of adjudicators or procurate staff, the people's court or people procuratorate shall make a disposition in accordance with law.
Article 28: During the course of trial, with the chief judge's approval, lawyers may ask questions of parties, witnesses, expert evaluators and persons with specialized knowledge.
Article 29: During the course of trial, lawyers may conduct courtroom debate and defense on the veracity, lawfulness, and relevance of evidence, from the perspective of the goals of evidence, the effectiveness of evidence, evidence standards, and the course of proofs.
Article 30: During the course of trial, lawyers may conduct courtroom debate on the case facts, evidence, application of law and other such issues.
Article 31: During the course of trial, judges shall pay attention to equality in procedural rights and a balance between prosecution and defense. The court shall justly safeguard the content, method, and timing of lawyers questions, debate over evidence, and defense argumentation in accordance with law; to facilitate lawyers fully expressing opinions and ascertaining case facts.
During the course of a trial, judges may issue guidance to lawyers in their questions and arguments, although judges must not arbitrarily interrupt or halt a lawyer's speech which he or she is undertaking according to procedure, other than where, in circumstances intentionally disruptive to courtroom order, that speech is overly repetitious, or is related to a question on which agreement was reached in a pre-trial conference, or where it is unrelated to the case, or where it humiliates, insults or threatens others.
Article 32: During the course of a trial, a lawyer may submit evidence, submit notification for a new witness or person with special knowledge to appear before the court, or apply to get new evidence, or apply for a new expert evaluation or examination or inspection. In a civil suit, where [the lawyer] applies for a person with specialized knowledge to appear before the court, he or she shall apply to the people's court to do so prior to the expiration of the time limit for provision of evidence, and may bring that person before that court once they have the permission of the court.
Article 33: During the course of a trial, in the event of major situations such as defendants significantly changing their statements or refusing the defense, then the defense lawyer may communicate with the defendant upon permission of the chief trial judge.
(4) Other situations seriously impacting the ordinary conduct of hearings.
Article 35: Defense lawyers making a not-guilty defense, may express defense comments on sentencing issues at court, and may also submit sentencing defense comments after court.
Article 36: A people's court applying ordinary rules of procedure in trying a case shall clearly record in its judicial opinion the defense or representation arguments put forward by lawyers, and shall state whether these opinions or arguments were accepted, and shall give reasons.
Article 37: The case-handling organs shall notify the defense attorney or representing attorney of major procedural information in litigation and litigation documents served to the parties.
Article 38: During the course of a trial, if a lawyer makes an application before the court, regarding recusal, jurisdiction of the case, exclusion of unlawful evidence, or for a person, expert witness or person with specialized knowledge to appear before the court, or applies to have a new witness appear before the court, or applies to get new evidence, or applies for a new expert evaluation or examination or other issues, or if he or she puts forward an objection regarding court procedure, that court shall, as a matter of principle, adjourn the court to examine and determine that application and shall issue a decision according to procedures set out by law. Where other lawyers have related objections, they should be dealt with together, and the court shall adjourn together [in respect of all of the related objections]. Where a court decides to reject an application or overrule an objection, a lawyer may apply for reconsideration of that decision in court. Following reconsideration, a lawyer shall respect the court's decision, and act in accordance with the court.
Where a lawyer is dissatisfied with the decision of the court the contents of his or her opinion shall be preserved and shall be recorded in detail into the court record, it may be used as grounds for an appeal or it may be used to appeal to or file a charge with a people's procuratorate at the same or a higher level.
Article 39: Where lawyers request to review the audio or visual recordings of trial that the people's courts have created, people's courts shall allow it.
Article 40: Where the investigating organ adopts compulssory measures against a lawyer suspected of a crime during the course of legal proceedings, it shall notify the lawyer's law firm or the lawyers association to which he or she belongs within 48 hours.
Article 41: Where a lawyer believes that the organ that is handling the case and its staff are clearly violating the law or regulations, or obstructing the lawyer in the lawful exercise of his or her defense of their client, or their representative responsibilities, or where they have violated the lawyer's professional rights, he or she may complain to the organ that is handling the case or to its superior organ.
The organ that is handling the case shall provide a clear/unobstructed channel by which a lawyer may report issues and make complaints, and shall specify a specialised department with responsibility for handling lawyers' complaints and shall make its contact details public.
The organ that is handling the case shall promptly investigate a lawyer's complaint, and in the situation where a lawyer requests an in-person report, shall hear the lawyer's opinion in-person. Where investigation reveals that the complaint is true, the [organ] shall immediately rectify [the situation] according to law, and shall promptly respond to the lawyer, and it shall perform the task of explaining the matter properly, and will also report on its handling of the matter to the organ for the administration of justice in the area or the legal professional association to which he or she belongs.
(6) other conduct that obstructs lawyers lawful exercise of procedural rights.
Where lawyers raise an appeal or accusation under the previous clause, the people's procuratorate shall conduct a review within 10 days of receiving it and respond to the lawyer in writing about the disposition. Where the situation is verified, notify the relevant organs to make corrections. Where the situation is not verified, do a good job of explaining and interpretation.
People's procuratorates shall strictly perform the legal supervision duty to ensure lawyers' lawful practice rights in accordance with law. Where, in the course of case handling, conduct obstructing lawyers' lawful exercise procedural rights is discovered, a corrective opinion shall be promptly submitted in accordance with law.
Article 43: Where after investigating and verifying a complaint, appeal or accusation submitted by lawyers, the case-handling organs, the organ at the level above them or people's procuratorates request that corrections be made, and the relevant organs refuse to make the corrections or it is a longstanding problem, it shall be investigated and handled by the discipline and inspection committee for the relevant organ in accordance with relevant regulations, and where a disciplinary violation by the relevant responsible parties is constituted, give disciplinary sanctions.
Article 44: Where a lawyer believes that the organ that is handling the case and its staff are obstructing the lawful exercise of his/her professional rights, he or she may apply to have his or her professional rights protected by either the city level organ for the administration of justice or the legal professional association located within the area in which his or her law firm is based. Where the situation is urgent, he or she may apply the organ for the administration of justice or lawyers association located where the incident occurred for protection of his or her professional rights. The organ for the administration of justice or the lawyers association located where the incident occurred shall provide assistance.
Organs for the administration of justice and lawyers associations shall establish rapid response and coordination mechanisms for protecting lawyers' professional rights and shall promptly arrange for specialized personnel to coordinate responses. If a lawyer's application for defense of their rights has a legitimate basis, the organ for the administration of justice or the legal professional association shall suggest that the organ handling the case handle the matter according to law, and the relevant organ that is handling the case shall promptly give feedback to the organ for the administration of justice or the legal professional association on its response to the situation.
The organ for the administration of justice, or thelawyers association, holding relevant identification, in investigating and verifying circumstances relating to the preservation of a lawyer's rights and interests or violations of discipline, shall be given the cooperation, assistance and any relevant materials by the organ that is handling the case.
Article 45: People's courts, people's procuratorates public security organs, national security organs, judicial administrative organs and lawyers associations shall establish a joint conference system, periodically communicating on the situation of efforts to safeguard lawyers practice rights, promptly investigating and handling emerging situations of violations of lawyers practice rights.
Article 46: Standardize legal services in accordance with law, strictly investigation sham legal practices and unlawful engagement in legal services. Where persons who have not obtained a lawyer's practice license or have had their practice license cancelled or revoked, provide legal service as a lawyer or engage in related activities, or exploit legal provisions on citizen representation to engage in litigation representation or defense to unlawfully profit; pursue responsibility in accordance with law and where serious consequences are caused, pursue criminal responsibility in accordance with law.
Article 47: "Case-handling organ" as used in these Provisions refers to public security organs, national security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts responsible for investigation, review for arrest, review for prosecution, and trial work.
Article 48: "Legal Assistant" as used in these Provisions refers to other lawyers or interns applying for legal practice in the lawfirm of the defense attorney or representing attorney.
Article 49: These provisions become effective on the date of publication.
The estimated value for a full translation of this post is $488.40 USD at the below-market rate of $.06 per character, with 7,490 characters.


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Article Selection on the ASTROSAT mission
ASTROSAT is a multi-wavelength astronomy satellite that will orbit the earth at 650-km. On September 28th at 10.00 AM the satellite has been launched by the Indian launch vehicle PSLV from the Sriharikota launch centre.
ASTROSAT will have diverse science goals. Its main scientific focus points will be on:
Simultaneous multi-wavelength monitoring of intensity variations in a broad range of cosmic sources;
Monitoring the X-ray sky for new transients;
Sky surveys in the hard X-ray and UV bands;
Broadband spectroscopic studies of X-ray binaries, AGN, SNRs, clusters of galaxies and stellar coronae;
Studies of periodic and non-periodic variability of X-ray sources.
For this, ASTROSAT carries five astronomy payloads for simultaneous multi-band observations. The expected operating life time of the satellite will be five years.
We congratulate all Indian research institutes involved in this joint and tremendous effort of launching India's first astronomy satellite. In order to celebrate this event, we have assembled our milestone articles about ASTROSAT in this Virtual Special Issue and are making these freely available for the coming 6 months.
List of articles:
A broad spectral band Indian Astronomy satellite 'Astrosat'
Advances in Space Research, Volume 38, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 2989–2994
P.C. Agrawal
Near room temperature X-ray and γ-ray spectroscopic detectors for future space experiments
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, Volume 552, Issue 3, 1 November 2005, Pages 399–408
Yadav J.S., Savitri S., Malkar J.P.
The scientific objectives of the ASTROSAT mission of ISRO
Acta Astronautica, Volume 65, Issues 1–2, July–August 2009, Pages 6–17
Koteswara Rao V., Agrawal P.C., Sreekumar P., Thyagarajan K.
The Scanning Sky Monitor (SSM) on ASTROSAT
Seetha S., Ramadevi M.C., Babu V.C., Sharma M.R., Murthy N.S.R., Ashoka B.N., Shyama K.C., Kulkarni R., Meena G., Sreekumar P.
Optimisation of X-ray proportional counters for Scanning Sky Monitor (SSM) on ASTROSAT
Ramadevi M.C., Seetha S., Babu V.C., Ashoka B.N., Sreekumar P.
Automated star-galaxy segregation using spectral and integrated band data for TAUVEX/ASTROSAT satellite data pipeline
New Astronomy, Volume 14, Issue 8, November 2009, Pages 649–653
Bora A., Gupta R., Singh H.P., Duorah K.
FPGA-based flexible CCD control system for X-ray astronomy payloads
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, Volume 604, Issue 3, 11 June 2009, Pages 747–754
Kothare A., Mirza I., Singh K.P., Abbey A.F.
Wide-field UV imaging: Current capabilities and performance requirements for future missions
Advances in Space Research, Volume 53, Issue 6, 15 March 2014, Pages 982–989
Cote P.
Advances in Space Research, Volume 47, Issue 8, 15 April 2011, Pages 1451–1453
O'Brien P.
An alpha tagged X-ray source for the calibration of space borne X-ray detectors
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, Volume 616, Issue 1, 21 April 2010, Pages 55–58
Rao A.R., Naik S., Patil M., Malkar J.P., Kalyan Kumar R.P.S.
Imaging with the ASTROSAT scanning sky monitor
Bhattacharya D.
Return to Article Selections

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Last Sunday, November 15, was the opening day for firearm deer season in Michigan. To mark the occasion in a humane way, D took some pictures of deer he saw in a field near our condo. Here's a family of four. Aren't they cute?
After a few minutes, two of them scampered off, leaving two for D to catch in HD video :-) The minimum width of this video may display larger than the area allowed on this blog. If it doesn't view well, here's the link to view it at YouTube.
St. Joseph vs Lakeshore Again!


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remote:              [end of output]
remote:
remote:          note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
remote:        error: metadata-generation-failed
remote:
remote:        × Encountered error while generating package metadata.
remote:        ╰─> See above for output.
remote:
remote:        note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
remote:        hint: See above for details.
remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
remote:
remote:  !     Push failed

A: You're going to need to use multiple buildpacks, one for Rust and another for Python.
Rust is not officially supported, but several community options exist. Pick one, then configure your application:

*

*Set your application to use the Python buildpack:
heroku buildpacks:set heroku/python

*Add your chosen Rust buildpack:
heroku buildpacks:add --index 1 YOUR_CHOSEN_BUILDPACK

*Run heroku buildpacks to ensure they are correct. You should see the Rust buildpack first, and the Python buildpack second.

*Finally, redeploy your application.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
PORT RICHMOND-CASTLETON AVENUE, Part 1
by Kevin Walsh May 28, 2017
I found myself once again in Port Richmond midweek in December 2016, the subject of a number of FNY forays over the years. The story has been told here many times, but I was well familiar with the area from my youth, when my parents and I would occasionally tale the S53 bus (then known as the R7) over the new Verrazano Bridge. Occasionally, we'd wind up in Clove Lakes Park, where in 1965 I got a rare whupping from the old man when I decided to wander around the park by myself at age 8 and got lost (an incident that sort of set the tone for all my subsequent ambulations: walking around by oneself, with or without a camera, is a form of subtle subversion).
Sometimes, though, we would take the bus all the way to its terminal at Richmond Terrace and Port Richmond Avenue, which was known in the 60s at plain old Richmond Avenue; half of all important roads in Staten Island are known by the county name, Richmond. I remember one particular occasion in 1966, when I was nine. We were walking around and even then, I remarked to myself how rundown and slummy it appeared. That's a strong word, but Port Richmond, even by then, gave the impression of a region that had seen its better days. I have amended that opinion somewhat since that tender age, but the opening of the Staten Island Mall in the 1970s only speeded its ongoing decline.
Armed with my handy dandy guide, Staten Island Walking Tours by the Preservation League of Staten Island, I set out to record that part of Port Richmond that I'd ignored on previous FNY forays here, and also lit off down Castleton Avenue, the main drag of New Brighton and West New Brighton (Staten Island has no Brighton, as its Brighton neighborhoods are named for the original in England). Since Walking Tours was published in 1986, many of the neighborhoods it covers have utterly changed, most not for the better, but Port Richmond remains mostly preserved. So far, of course, the Landmarks Preservation Commission has ignored it.
By the way, folks, there are 263 photos in this particular set. I didn't use all of them, but enough so this will be a multipart series. To move things along, I'll do some midweek feature posts just to keep things moving along.
I've already covered some of this material before in my 2014 Port Richmond page, but I'll try to provide some additional info a bit more succinctly here.
GOOGLE MAP: PORT RICHMOND and CASTLETON AVENUE
On previous visits to Port Richmond I've always been fascinated with this rusted old tug, the Philip T. Feeney, that has been tied up at the end of Port Richmond at the Kill Van Kull for a quarter century. Even though there's not much to say about the old hulk, I devoted an FNY page to it, and on this walk I snapped five more photos of it from different angles, enough for my archive that I hope will be donated to a library and displayed online after I shuffle off.
Relics and hulks cling to the corner of Port Richmond Avenue and Richmond Terrace like barnacles. This is the former Staten Island National Bank, still with its former burglar alarm on the chamfered corner. It's mansard roof and dormer windows mark it from the 1870s; that was when French Second Empire architecture, with slanted roofs and dormer windows, was the rage. The building has served some time as a church, but seems to be abandoned these days. The building was extended along Port Richmond Avenue in 1909, employing a Classical Revival style that's not a match for the original building on the corner.
Abandonment can preserve some original elements. That's what happened here with the night depository slot. As we'll see there are some curious bits along Port Richmond Avenue that look very old, but actually are not!
'Cause when love is gone, there's always justice
And when justice is gone, there's always force
And when force is gone, there's always Mom. –Laurie Anderson, "O Superman"
And there's always Mom's Liquors, on Richmond Terrace, one of the few businesses in the immediate area still going strong. As is its 1940s-vintage sidewalk sign. Its red neon still lights up, even during the day. NY Neon claims it for 1935.
In addition, you can still make out the words "To Bayonne" on that large metal arrow. It pointed the way yo the Port Richmond-Bergen Point, NJ ferry. While regular service ended in 1931, sporadic service continued until 1961. If NYC has gotten rid of plenty of transportation like elevated trains and streetcars, it's also dumped plenty of ferry service.
The twin peaks of the Empire Theater are immediately recognizable on Richmond Terrace. Designed by Port Richmonder James Whitford, the theater opened in 1917 and closed in 1978. Cinematreasures has a photo of the Empire in its classic era. The building became the longtime home of Farrell Lumber (itself founded in 1888) before it, too, closed in 2009. A storefront church occupies it of late.
Robert and Donald Farrell were the last owners of Farrell Lumber, and they are remembered on a street sign.
The Walking Tours book describes this pitch-roofed house set back from the north side of Richmond Terrace next to an auto body shop as the George W. Jewett Stables, which were next to his mansion, which was torn down long ago. Jewett was the youngest member of the John Jewett and Sons White Lead Company; a lengthy Port Richmond Avenue was named for the family. I dedicated a FNY page to it, complete with a very bad pun in the title card.
Faber Park and Pool
Faber Park, Richmond Terrace and Main Street, features a view of the Bayonne Bridge as do many locales in the neighborhood. This shot, from December 2016, features a unique view, since it shows both road decks during an initiative to replace the old road deck (155 feet above the Kill Van Kull) with a higher one (215 feet) to allow large ships to pass safely under the bridge, which was opened in 1932. Once the new deck is completed in 2019, the old one will be removed. In 2017 the walkway is closed, but I crossed it in 2012. A new walkway will open when the project is done.
Eberhard Faber (1822-1879), the scion of a Bavarian pencil producing family, arrived in the USA from Germany in 1848, and after his first USA pencil factory burned down in 1861, relocated to Greenpoint in 1872. His son Eberhard II (he had changed his name from John) took over the company, which remained in Greenpoint until 1956, when it decamped to Wilkes-Barre, PA.
Faber claims to be the first pencil company to manufacture pencils with erasers; in Europe pencils still don't feature erasers, since the theory is that children will be more careful if they can't erase!
An entire landmarked district in Greenpoint features Faber pencil factories, and the Faber family settled in Port Richmond, Staten Island where a street and public pool are named for them. The land for the park was acquired in 1905 by Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity from Charles and Emma Griffith, who had acquired the property from Anna Faber. Plans for a lighting plant never came to, ah, light and NYC Parks took over in 1928.
Faber Pool and the park recreation building opened in 1932, same year as the Bayonne Bridge, and the pool was expanded in 1941. At the time of its construction it was the largest recreational pool in Staten Island.
Faber Street itself contains some notable architecture, including another Second Empire Classic on the corner of Richmond Terrace, and another building with a cupola allowing residents to look out over Kill Van Kull. These blocks deserve Landmarks protection.
The Griffith Block, constructed in 1875 for shoe manufacturer Charles Griffith, still holds down the SE corner of Port Richmond avenue and Richmond Terrace. Griffith also owned the land on which Faber Park is now situated. As period woodcuts show, the top two floors still look much as they did in the 1870s, but the bottom has been thoroughly blandified for 1970s sensibilities. A plaque on the building indicates that the now-demolished St. James Hotel, constructed in 1820, was the spot where Aaron Burr, the USA's third Vice-President and assassin of Alexander Hamilton, passed away in 1836. The hotel was demolished about 1945.
Not-so-old painted ads: This pair can still be found on the eastern side of Port Richmond Ave. between Church Street and Richmond Terrace, and the look for all the world like ancient ads from the 1880-1920 period, but I have to say that they are leftover props from the Boardwalk Empire TV show, which shot scenes in Staten Island in Port Richmond, Richmondtown and other locations in the early to mid 2010s. But if you don't say anything about their not being "real," then I won't!
This sidewalk sign for Wexler's Hardware is, however, the real thing. Wexler's has since moved down the block to 97 Port Richmond Avenue. There had been an additional ancient sign for Toscana Food Market on the same building, but it's long gone.
The present Greek Revival Staten Island Reformed Church was constructed in 1844 and replaced two earlier churches on this site — the first one was chartered as early as 1696.
The church's congregation is the oldest in Staten Island and its first church building was erected on this site in 1715. The present church is the congregation's third; it is the oldest church building on the North Shore and one of the oldest churches on Staten Island.The church's graveyard is the oldest non-private cemetery in Staten Island. NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission Report
What concerns me here most of all is the cemetery next to the church, which actually predates the church. According to some historians, the "Burying Ground" started out as a private cemetery of the Corson family, which owned much of the Port Richmond in the 1690s.
Not only are there dozens of tombstones from the 18th Century in here, there's also a vintage New York State historic plaque from 1932. In 2013 I did a FNY series on existing and former NYS historic plaques in NYC.
The sun was at just the right angle for me to get some very good shots of the remaining brownstone tomb markers. They hold up much better to the effects of rain, wind and pollution than do their later marble and limestone cousins.
The Van Pelt family is represented on the Staten Island map with a major avenue in Mariners Harbor. This is a particularly old marker from 1749. The stone bears the early 18th Century winged skull motif.
A member of the Corson family in a latterday brownstone marker from 1821. There is a Corson Avenue in New Brighton, west of the Manhattan ferry.
A 1771 stone form the Cruser, or Kruse, family from 1771. The historic Cruser-Pelton House still stands at Richmond Terrace and Pelton Avenue.
A quintet of stones dating between 1761 and 1822 for the Linde, Mersereau and Corsen families. While the lettering on modern tombstones is mass-produced, skilled stonecarvers did the script lettering on these stones. In the rear on the right, check out the intricate design used to spell out "SACRED" and the deceased's name CLOSHA. By this time death's heads and skulls were still used on tombstones but weren't as severe as they were on stones from the 1680s through 1730s, and angels supplanted them as the century wore on.
By 1834, the date on the stone on the right, limestone, which was easier to carve, was a more common material. Unfortunately it doesn't weather well; the inscriptions on the left are tough to read without a lot of concentration.
This stone reveals the milder angels that replaced the death's heads. In the 1700s and continuing to the very early 1800s, midword "S"'s were printed and carved as lowercase f's, without the crossbar, known in the modern era as the "long s." It survives, sort of, in the German double s symbol.
Also note the use of poetry on the stones; most of the poetry on the stones concerned the deceased's progression to the next life.
According to wikipedia, In the United Kingdom, Esquire historically was a title of respect accorded to men of higher social rank, particularly members of the landed gentry above the rank of gentleman and below the rank of knight. It later came to be used as a general courtesy title for any man in a formal setting, usually as a suffix to his name, as in "John Smith, Esq.", with no precise significance.
Stones from the Mersereau and Corsen families from 1769-1795. These individula died in their fifties, which exceeded life expectancy then.
Judging from the condition of the sign, it's one of the first generation of green and white street signs that replaced the previous Staten Island colors of gold and black. "Church Street" was of course named for the Dutch Reformed Church and its historic cemetery. The signs are unusually mounted on a slotted green post also holding a one-way and stop sign.
I have always been curious about a structure on the other end of the street near Park Avenue, tucked near the defunct Staten Island Railway trestle…
I had always been of the opinion that this small brick building had been the ticket office for the Port Richmond SIR station, which closed on March 31, 1953 along with the other North Branch stations. However a closer look reveals a doorway with the word "Men" over it. Theres' no corresponding door with "Women" but while this building may have been SIR property, it was a lavatoire, not a ticket office or waiting room.
The SIR elevated sections, like this one at Port Richmond Avenue and Ann Street, are still in good condition; much of its grade crossings were eliminated in the mid-1930s, with management having no idea that closure was in the cards in just 15 years or so. FNY's SIR page from 1999 shows several of the defunct North Shore stations.
Between Port Richmond and Park Avenues, Ann Street features a number of small dwellings untouched (except a coating of aluminum siding) for decades. On the corner is this tiny work clothes shop and a building with an oddly shaped roof whose function I can't begin to guess.
Traditional apartment buildings with 16 or more units like this one at Ann Street and Park Avenue, while a familiar sight in the outer boroughs, are unusual in Staten Island except in the St. George area near the ferry terminal. However, you do see them in what were busier neighborhoods like Port Richmond, especially near what had been an active rail station.
You could probably cut your finger on the steep gables at 93 Park Avenue on the SE corner of Ann Street. The building was constructed around 1850 and was originally law offices for Lot Clark, the prosecuting attorney in a famed murder case in which a Polly Bodine was accused of murdering her sister-in-law and her sister-in-law's daughter. After several hung juries Ms. Bodine was found not guilty, an outcome similar to the Lizzie Borden case.
A pair of terrific designs opposite each other on Ann Street between Park and Heberton. The double house in buff brick is unusual in Staten Island; note the shared porch (with divider) and polygonal bay windows.
This is a real find on Heberton Avenue between Ann Street and Richmond Terrace — I had not been by here before and had no idea these attached buff brick houses with individual porches existed before I took this walk. Note the details like the urns on the roofs, some of which have come off over the years. These buildings probably go back to about 1890.
Looking west on Ann Street toward the looming Bayonne Bridge.
Just past Heberton Avenue Ann Street makes an L-shaped turn, where it meets another street — which is to me one of the great mysteries of Staten Island.
This is a Beers atlas plate from 1873 depicting the Port Richmond street layout. The southwest has since been laid out, but other than that, the plan is still the same, centered around the shore-hugging Richmond Terrace, then called Shore Road, and Richmond Street, now called Port Richmond Avenue. Note the Eberhard Faber property at the top of the map. Most of the street names, though, have survived to the present, even Avenue B, which has gotten along nicely without an A or a C.
But why has there been an Avenue B at least since 1873 without an Avenue A? Pelham Bay, Bronx, has a similar mystery with a B Street without an A, but a little detective work cleared up that conundrum. However, the mysteries of Port Richmond's Avenue B remain inscrutable.
Port Richmond has its very own town square, Veterans Park, which shows up on the 1873 map and is still here, between Park and Heberton Avenues and Bennett and Vreeland Streets. Arrayed around it are several choice samples of Port Richmond architecture.
In fact this is Staten Island's oldest park and has been here since 1836 when the majority of Port Richmond's streets were platted. It was renamed in honor of American veterans in 1949.
In 1930 the Daughters of the American Revolution dedicated this stone monument on the Park Avenue side to participants in Sullivan's Attack of August 22, 1777, when American Revolutionary War officer and political leader John Sullivan led an unsuccessful night attack on Staten Island (according to NYC Parks; most American initiatives in NYC an environs in the Revolutionary War ended in defeat or strategic defeat, but we prevailed anyway). The marker got a new plaque in 1998 when the DAR rededicated it.
On the other side of the park, at Heberton and Vreeland, is a decorative drinking fountain dedicated in 1915 to Eugene G. Putnam (1865-1913), a longtime principal of PS 20 (see below).
At Bennett and Heberton, facing the park, is one of the many attractive libraries built with the aid of a grant from Andrew Carnegie, the Scottish industrialist/philanthropist. I dedicated an entire FNY page to it in February 2017.
The St. Philip's Baptist Church on Bennett Street next door to the library was organized in 1870 as a mission and met in local residences before finding a home at the Park Baptist Church (see below), in 1880; four years later, it acquired land on Faber Street and built its own church in 1889, incorporating as St. Philip's in 1890. When the congregation outgrew the Faber Street church, it purchased this neo-Gothic church built in 1891. Longtime pastor Rev. Dr. William A. Epps, Jr., who served from 1954 to 1992, is honored with a street sign on Park Avenue.
The Mar Thoma Church of Staten Island, serving Syrian Christians based in the Indian state of Kerala (it's complicated!) now occupies the 134 Faber Street site.
House of Multiple Gables: 120 Park Ave. at the SW corner of Bennett epitomizes the Colonial Revival architectural style. With a cool breeze and an ice tea on that wraparound porch you can save on air conditioning.
The twin-steepled St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church holds down the corner of Park and Vreeland Street. The congregation started out as the Park Baptist Church in 1841 and constructed this Gothic Revival building in 1871; the corner steeple used to be much taller.
Another fairly large traditional apartment building at Heberton Ave. and Vreeland Street. As stated earlier, the building was constructed here because Port Richmond in its early years was more "urban" than other Staten Island locales and had its on nearby rail station until 1953.
Without a doubt (in my mind at least) the original Public School #20, which fronts Heberton Avenue with entrances on both Vreeland and New Streets, is the most magnificent structure in Port Richmond. It was constructed as the Union Free School in 1891 with an extension in 1898 in a Romanesque Revival Style, combined with neo-Classical and Queen Anne, with multiple gables, ornamentation and a clock tower. The site has been home to a school since 1841. The Landmarks Preservation Commission has given it protected status; it is now home to senior housing. The current PS 20 is a cross the park at Park Avenue and Vreeland Street.
A look at some of PS 20's architectural detail.
Part 2: down Heberton Avenue
"Comment..as you see fit."
Port RichmondStaten Island
TRAVIS TRIANGLE, Murray Hill
SCENES FROM WEST 34th
NY2AZ May 29, 2017 - 9:22 am
Re: Van Pelt tombstone –
Is Lucy one of Henry's descendants?
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=lucy+van+pelt&FORM=IARRTH&ufn=lucy+van+pelt&stid=ba8577bc-1723-10cc-8f10-281a071adea8&cbn=EntityAnswer&cbi=0&FORM=IARRTH
David Vanette May 29, 2017 - 2:42 pm
There's a trip down memory lane. Used to live at 103 Heberton for a short time and went to PS 20. I was probably in the 2nd grade around then. Thanks for the shots! That library was directly across the street from my house.
John Schorn June 4, 2017 - 2:28 pm
The Van Pelt tombstone is all the more interesting because it shows a dual date of 1749/1750. Before 1752, the "legal" new year didn't start until March 25, so dates between Jan. 1 and March 25 were sometimes written with both the legal year and the practical, "New Style" year. This is a really neat photo — thank you, Kevin!
Lady Feliz June 18, 2017 - 4:24 pm
The Staten Island National Bank building was a Chase Manhattan branch for many years right up into the 1980s. That building and those across the street stood in for 1920s Chicago in "Boardwalk Empire" and the top floor of the bank building "exploded" via computer effects when a bomb went off while Nucky Thompson was having lunch across the street. I live in Los Angeles now, but I knew it was Port Richmond the minute I saw it.
Laura A. August 5, 2017 - 8:00 pm
Fytie, or Sophia, Mersereau (gravestone) was the first wife of Judge Joshua Mersereau and the sister of my 6th great grandfather John LaGrange. Apparently after she passed, her husband had nothing better to do than kick some British tail in various capacities for George Washington, including commissary of prisoners at Boston and perhaps a little spying. Sophia was of the Huguenot LaGrange family, even though the headstone uses the Dutch version of her name (that's interesting). I'm in Atlanta, GA and have never been to Staten Island, but have loved reading your blog at various times as I research my ancestry, which includes the Mersereaus, Corsens, Van Buskirks or Van Buschkerkens, Croesvelts, LaTourettes, etc. Looking today for info on the Old Blazing Star and I get sidetracked on your great site! Not a bad way to spend a Saturday evening while husband watches baseball. Thanks for your truly interesting writing and photos. Much of my husband's family resided in or near New York, including merchants on Pearl Street in the early 1800s, Sir Pell of Pelham Manor and others. We're learning so much about the history of your area, and thanks goes to you for assisting! Sincerely, Laura
John_Dillinga August 26, 2017 - 5:51 am
The fountain in Veterans Park isn't the Original. The original one in the same location had a decretive surface of various grey, white and tan stones, and was much smaller in scale, rectangular in shape with two blue stone steps. The current fountain was built to replace the older one which had fallen to disrepair and stopped working sometime in the mid 90's. I went to school at P.S. 20 so I remember the old fountain well.
Doug Douglass June 25, 2020 - 5:27 am
In Veteran's Park photo, what is the building on the right?
Larry Gertner July 8, 2020 - 5:20 am
The Hotel Richmond was actually on Richmond Terrace, around the corner from the Griffith Building. I surmised the plaque was moved here after the structure was demolished in an update to the Historic Marker Database.
Link: https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=42600
dough November 17, 2021 - 1:47 am
3 of my childhood homes …memoriesss basiccly lived in the library too lol


List of Welwyn Garden City based auto dealers offering new and second hand cars, vans and commercial vehicle sales.
Welcome to Hamlet Cars sales and service for quality and after sales service. We specialise in a wide selection of makes and models. All mechanical work undertaken. British & Foreign cars. We now supply and fit tyres from budget to branded names and competitive price. We can also reset service lights, read fault codes, engine, abs, air bags e.t.c with our latest diagnostic equipment on most cars.
Replace both rear bearings on a 206 SW 2.0 HDi.


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Even Web Hosting services can be virtualized. Now, for this, there are Windows Server 2008 R2 solution. This is the latest operating system for servers, developed by Microsoft. In this paper we will present briefly explains the new features of Windows Server 2008 R2 along with other Microsoft technologies that enable companies compiling a virtualization strategy. Using the benefits and capabilities of the new server operating system will be created virtualization strategies that are more easily planned, implemented and administered than in any other version of Windows Server. Windows Server 2008 R2 was built on the foundation of Windows Server 2008 which already provide increased security, reliability and performance. To all this, R2 adds improved connectivity and control, both local and remote, all the resources of an organization. In other words, a company can benefit with the help of Windows Server 2008 to reduce costs and increase efficiency in management and control of resources from the company. Chronologically speaking, Windows Server 2008 R2 was released on October 22, 2009 and is the precursor of Windows Server 2008, released on February 27, 2008. In terms of technology, Windows Server 2008 R2 is the first operating system released by Microsoft to support only 64-bit processors. The operating system has improvements in the Active Directory, new options for virtualization and management, a new version of Internet Information Services (IIS 7.5) and support for 256 physical processors. Practical technology present in Windows Server 2008 R2 which received new features can be divided into technologies for virtualization, management, web, scalability and integration with Windows 7.
This entry was posted on Friday, December 4th, 2009 at 11:19 am	and is filed under News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


The Mana Pools National Park and Lower Zambezi National Park share the same eco-system and are only divided by the mighty Zambezi River. These parks have some of the most spectacular river scenery and game-viewing.
Mana Pools National Park is synonymous with the Zambezi River, elephants, lions, remoteness and wilderness. This unique park is a WORLD HERITAGE SITE based on its wildness and beauty, together with the wide range of large mammals, over 350 bird species and aquatic wildlife.
Mana Pools is one of Zimbabwe's "Big Five" Parks and it is easy to see why it falls into this profile. The name "Mana" is a local Shona language name meaning "four". This applies to the four large pools inland from the Zambezi River. These pools are the remnant ox-bow lakes that the Zambezi River carved out thousands of years ago as it changed its course northwards. Hippopotamus, crocodiles and a wide variety of aquatic birds are associated with the pools. "Long Pool" is the largest of the four pools, extending some six kilometres in a west-east direction.
This pool has heavy densities of hippo and crocodiles and is a favourite for the large herds of elephant that come out of the thickly vegetated areas in the south to drink. As one moves northwards towards the Zambezi River from the dry forests on the Karoo sediments, the vegetation changes to open Faidherbia albida woodlands on the old river terraces. This vegetation gives a "park-like" look to the area and a surreal light filters through the trees giving Mana Pools its distinctive cathedral - like atmosphere as one walks under the tree canopy.
On the old river terraces in the park, guests can walk unaccompanied by guides in the open Albida woodland because visibility is good and there is little danger of coming across dangerous animais. This privilege of walking alone in an area with dangerous wildlife is unique in Zimbabwe, Elephant, eland, buffalo, impala, waterbuck, baboons, monkeys, zebra, warthog and hippo are some of the larger herbivores to be seen regularly on the river terraces as they come out to eat the fallen Albida fruit. Lions, leopards, spotted hyena and cheetah are present in the area, but their secretive nature makes them more difficult to see.
Mana Pools is 2,196 square kilometres in extent but is part of the 10,500 square kilometres Parks Wildlife Estate that runs from the Kariba Dam in the west to the Mozambique border in the east. This large area is without physical boundaries and the wildlife is free to move wherever it wants roam - even northwards across the Zambezi River into Zambia, where there are also large wilderness areas set aside for wildlife conservation.


Balancing the heavy boatload of options for web development can be incredibly tiring. There's a whole lotta' companies to choose from. It seems like everyone claims to have the ability to develop and customize a website for you. From fancy national companies with hundreds of designers to your teenage next-door-neighbor, the options can be tough to wade through.
How do you choose a web development company?
Are you supposed to pick the nerdiest looking guy with the hope that he speaks HTML and can customize your site to a "T" the fastest, even though you expect he won't offer much by way of customer service?
Or do you choose the company with all the bells and whistles, the folks who will meet you at Starbucks and buy you a latte while you leisurely sift through colors and fonts... only to turn out a disappointing product that you could've created yourself?
Big promises don't mean good results.
Philosophy is what ultimately sells.
Most of us part with the contents of our wallet veeeeeeery skeptically. I get that. But please don't make finding a cheap option the most important goal of your search.
I understand that web development can get pricey, and it might feel incredibly difficult for a business owner or marketing executive to invest in a website they can't feel, touch, smell, hang on the wall, hand to customers, or pass out at events. Remember, though, that investing in a website in 2013 is one of the most important things you can do. People no longer make decisions based on T.V. commercials or billboards. They are searching online for great companies, services, and products 24/7. Being visible to your target market online shows that you care enough to be present there, and will land you immense opportunities that you wouldn't get otherwise. I encourage you to not downplay the importance of your website and not opt for the cheapest choice you can find.
Realize, too, that many companies are willing to negotiate within your budget confines. The price they advertise may be up to discussion!
A company can whisper sweet nothings into the phone (or your ear, for that matter) all day, but do they have the skills, experience, and smarts to deliver? You want a fast-loading, well-designed site with intuitive navigation, custom elements to fit your target customers, and eye-catching graphics. You also want your site to convert visitors into customers. Before you choose a company, ensure that they have achieved excellent results in the development of other websites!
Every developer should have a portfolio to show you. It's crucial that you take a look at the websites they have developed and, more specifically, talk to them about how the websites have helped their customers meet important marketing and business objectives.
Why does this developer do what they do? Do they understand the importance of their product as a marketing tool and as a huge asset to your company?
As writer, speaker, and author Simon Sinek has said, people want to do business with people they believe in and with whom they share values. Does this company share your values? Do they understand what a great website needs to do, and why, rather than just simply "getting the job done" without a lot of thought to it? Do they model integrity, dedication to problem-solving, and hard work?
If you can find a company with the right philosophy about why they are creating websites, and the skills to do it right, hire them!
When you evaluate potential web development agencies, don't be cheap, ensure that they can deliver on their promises, and make sure you like their philosophy.
You deserve an outstanding website to showcase your one-of-a-kind company - so don't settle!
If you'd like a little extra guidance in your decision-making process, check out Tips On Hiring a Web Development Company. It's short, sweet, and filled with savvy tips to help you out.


A session by Foundation for Media Alternatives on Women's Accces to Justice in Digital Age at RightsCon 2015.
Cite/attribute Resource. emnews. (March 25, 2015). RightsCon: Women\'s Access to Justice in the Digital Age . Retrieved April 23, 2019, from EngageMedia Web site: https://www.engagemedia.org/Members/emnews/videos/foundation-for-media-alternatives-womens-accces-to.


Announcements | Ring The Wingers!
Our Very First Client, Virginia Banker.
One of the strongest and sweetest people we have had the great opportunity to know since we began working here in Florida passed away today. Virginia Banker and her husband Al were the VERY first customer we ever sold a house to. Just starting out in a new venture Virginia found us on the internet and allowed us to help her find a new home in Englewood. Virginia's home needs were different than most. She and Al ran a small Adult Living Facility within their home. At any given time there might be 4 or even 5 older adults living with the Bankers. I wasn't used to the idea when I moved here. It almost seemed strange to me that people with families would put their elderly folks in the care of someone else at their home.
But I remember stopping by the house in Englewood any number of times as I would be in the area showing property. Going in for a cup of coffee or maybe arriving at the house at "Ice Cream Time". Honestly it really felt like a big family only with Al and Virginia and maybe one other person handling all the "chore" part of living. People were happy! I attended one "clients" birthday party, an open house, and just quick visits and the feeling was always one of folks being loved and cared for.
And the lot behind her house became available and Virginia and Al wanted to buy it and one of the people living with them wanted to help them with it. All of them were so excited to have the vegetable garden etc back there. Once again it was very much like a large family.
Maybe I'd stop by and Virginia was outside, taking a break. I remember her more than once telling me of first knowing a certain person was near the end and then she'd say last night she got no sleep as she held someone's hand until they were gone. These people likely had families etc but it was left to Virginia to be the one who did that for them. She did so with grace and humility. The longer I knew them the more I thought folks were actually lucky then to be given the chance to spend their end years with Virginia and Al.
They were certainly not getting rich doing what they did. It put a roof over their head but that came with all the work involved in what it takes to feed and house people who no longer can do much for themselves. I remember too the new house had a new washer and dryer but of course Virginia had commercial level equipment so these would never do. At MY house the washer and dryer were getting up in years and I asked Virginia to sell me the ones in the new house. She would hear NONE of it. I was to TAKE them and she would not take a penny! And I actually did bring a trailer to her closing. They sit in my house today, 13 years later! A gift, just because I needed them!
I heard recently she had a bout with lung cancer and today I received a note from her daughter that she passed away after a week in Hospice. I'm sure her family surrounded her and let her know she was so loved. Just as she had for so many others in her life. She gave so many a peaceful end to their life's journey with her strength and compassion. Thank you Virginia for being the person you were. Ann and I were so lucky to have had the chance to know you!
Ringing out the old and Ringing in the new – Ring The Wingers style!
What a year 2014 turned out to be! It was our 10th year as REMAX agents – that makes 20 years of combined experience with the number one Real Estate franchise in the World. It was also our very best year in Real Estate, so we decided, at our ten year anniversary, it was time for a revamp of our online presence! What you're seeing here is the beginning of that. As we roll into 2015, we roll out our new RingTheWingers website and new RingTheWingers brand. The logo is a little cleaner and up to date and conveys more of the spirit of the Florida lifestyle. We also are putting a bit more emphasis on our passion for waterfront living and our"personal" style that we feel adds to our "Customer for Life" focus with our clients. That personal touch is the heart of our business and it covers everything for sharing our love for living near the water to sharing photos of Ann's "babies", our two loveable bulldogs.
We've also revamped our already powerful website home search tools, which are designed by Diverse Solutions, the IDX folks from Zillow. We'll soon be adding access for you to both Matrix, the local MLS tool, and to REMAX.com.. As those happen I will place information on how to use them right here.
If you like our new look, or even if you don't, we'd love to hear from you. And we'd like to thank our working partners from the Law office of Eric Fleming for their participation and to the folks at Blink-Tech who helped us with our new website and logo design.
Most of all we want to thank everyone who made 2014 a banner year for us and we look forward to working with you in 2015 and for years to come! Happy New Year!
3 BR 3.00 BA 2,457 SQ. FT.


Anyone who is familiar with the territory of the mountains have been asked or come across or has had to convince someone about how a trek is not an expedition and how it is different than hard-core mountaineering. This is the ..
While "It's not the destination, it's the journey" can aptly be applied to treks, the sense of incompletion always follows you back..


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News for luxury packaging
Posted in Graphic Specialities
Favini presented, the revitalised range of The Tube at Luxepack Monaco, the international luxury packaging fair.
The Tube is the range of graphics specialties characterized by:
deep colours, from a white chalk to an intense black;
an extraordinary matt surface that catches the eye
an attractive surface that invites the touch.
Today, The Tube is now refreshed in both texture and colour: to enhance the surface we chose Hide, an elegant leather design, while the colours of Toffee, Dust and Black Max enrich the shade choice for the range.
The deeply matt colours of The Tube are enriched with the new Toffee, Dust and Black Max.
Tactile encounter with The Tube Hide: texture is the new flat
Ideal for luxury packaging, the new texture of Hide, with its perfect depth and relief of design, adds to The Tube range a new and exciting tactile sensation. It evokes the subtle matt luxury of fine leather and contrasts perfectly with any print technique and foil.
The Tube Hide responds to the latest trend in the world of look&feel materials: offering surfaces capable of transmitting emotions through sensory stimulation, whilst preserving the technical and functional characteristics required by the packaging industry.
Hide is the new texture of The Tube available in Chalk, Dust, Toffee, Marrone and Black Max colours.
The advantage of choosing a look&feel material like The Tube is to add a distinctive element making the final product unique, enabling it to be recognised and certainly appreciated by the public.
Additionally, it is the ability of paper to take inspiration from another material and to convey an emotion, that puts the revitalised Favini paper range amongst the favourite materials for printing and luxury packaging. The goal is to create the "perfect touch" or the "ideal opacity". This is created by the fibres and finishes and ensures that the paper gives optimum performance when applied to the varied techniques such as folding, print, sewing, laser engraving and embossing.
Colour trends and resistance to marking
With the refresh of The Tube colours, Favini offers to the luxury packaging sector the current trend shades as well as the latest technical requirements, however the range remains instantly recognisable as always intense and deeply matt.
Toffee, Dust and Black Max are the new colours of the matt paper The Tube Favini.
The new colours of The Tube take inspiration from Pantone's Fall/Winter 2018 Classic Color Palette: Dust, a soft and subtle grey, and Toffee, a natural colour easy adaptable to multiple situations reminiscent of the shade mentioned in the trend colour of Adobe's blog.
Available in both paper and board weights, the renewed The Tube range proves increasingly versatile. Offering extraordinary possibilities of use beyond the packaging sector, it satisfies the demands of an intense and deeply matt surface for use in the wider area of communication and design. Its range of weights gives endless possibilities in the world of luxury, fashion and corporate communication, such as brochures, exclusive invitations and tags for clothing.
Read the press release "Favini boosts the look and feel of The Tube with new colours and texture".
© 2019 FAVINI Srl
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Oral absorption of the fti-adrenoreceptor blocker talinolol (TAL) is known to be incompletely and erratically. To evaluate the variables in TAL absorption, 100 mg of the drug were given together with paracetamol (100 mg) and retinyl palmitate (100.000 IU) in fast-disintegrating hard capsules, enteric coated capsules and rectal soft capsules to 8 male healthy volunteers (age 21-29 years, body weight 68-86 kg) who fasted for 10 hours before and 5 hours after administration. Food effects on TAL disposition were assessed by eating a continental breakfast at the moment of the expected first TAL peak one hour prior to administration of a hard capsule. Validated HPLC-assays were used for quantitative determinations. Results: Bioavailability of talinolol in enteric-coated and rectal capsules was significantly reduced by about 50 % and 80 %, respectively despite unchanged bioavailability of paracetamol. After TAL in hard capsules, typical double peak phenomena with peaks after 2-3 and 4-6 hours, respectively, occurred in all subjects. Food increased the maximum concentrations significantly (223±76 µg/ml versus 315±122 µg/ml, p<0.05) and shifted the second peak of TAL to shorter tmax (3.8±1.2 h vs 2.1 ±0.6 h, p<0.05) which was in accordance with faster absorption of vitamin A. Pharmacokinetic simulations showed that about half of oral TAL is not directly drained from intestine, which leads to a late second absorption peak in fasting subjects and which reaches blood earlier after a heavy meal. In conclusion, since TAL disposition is under control of P-glycoprotein and MRP2, ABC-transporters of gut mucosa (enterocytes, capillaries) might be involved in splitting TAL absorption into a direct and a delayed part that might be associated with lymphatic flow.


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starianprincess —
Kat Sua ★ ( starianprincess) wrote,
Kat Sua ★
starianprincess
Mood: curious
Music: Lorde - Royals
The Dream Team
Inspired by a challenge over at tv_universe, I assembled a dream team and a group of villains they might face using characters from some of my favorite TV shows. And then made it even more difficult since I decided not to repeat shows. This list features The Vampire Diaries, Supernatural, Once Upon A Time, Sherlock, Elementary, Game of Thrones, Intelligence, Covert Affairs, Hannibal, and Grimm. Beware of spoilers!
✓ Dean Winchester (Supernatural)
Dean's the lone wolf of the team, often going out on his own, taking cases without telling Steve, getting into trouble. And then calling in for back-up at the last minute. He's the loose canon with the dark backstory, but has survived more than one apocalypse so is also something of a legend and would be treated with respect by his teammates - provided he's not snarking it up with Steve or Caroline, that is. When not saving people and hunting things, he's the muscle of the team and steps up to do the dirty work when no one else will.
✓ Joan Watson (Elementary)
Consulting detective and still going through her training (with one Sherlock Holmes, who couldn't be bothered to be part be part of a team), Joan is one of the more level-headed members and is skilled in deductive reasoning. With her background as a surgeon, she sometimes doubles up as the team medic but definitely wouldn't do it if they had any other option. I imagine that with her people skills, she, Caroline, and Dean often end up getting the undercover missions. She also gets along swimmingly with Ichabod, whom she usually researches and consults with regarding their more mythologically specific cases.
✓ Auggie Anderson (Covert Affairs)
With his tech skills and sometimes surprising abilities in hand-to-hand combat, Auggie is the watchtower of the team, monitoring missions from a distance and providing back-up when needed. Since Steve, who takes command, prefers being on the ground, Auggie serves as his eyes and ears and will often be found directing him via communicator through more difficult cases. He also spars with Joan and Caroline in his free time, and enjoys bribing Dean with new and improved weapons.
✓ Steve McGarrett (Hawaii Five-0)
Steve is the leader of the group with his gung-ho, shoot-first-ask-questions-later persona. He prefers being present during missions and knows what it's like to move around in gray areas to get a job done. Because he's as stubborn as Dean, the two will often butt heads and be on the outs - but can, likewise, count on each other when the need arises. (In particularly difficult situations, however, they can count on Joan and a phone call from either Sam or Danny to set them straight.)
✓ Caroline Forbes (The Vampire Diaries)
Although Dean is a seasoned hunter, Caroline is an actual vampire. And it pays to have someone with a specific skill set like that. Zooming in and out of crime scenes and acting as the unexpected muscle of the team, Caroline relies greatly on her vampiric abilities (super strength, speed, healing, heightened senses) to get the job done. She is often also sent out on undercover missions because of her disarming personality. She gets along quite well with everyone except Dean, as the two are usually found arguing about one thing or other.
✓ Ichabod Crane (Sleepy Hollow)
Ichabod takes the lead on research with his eidetic memory and knowledge of the occult. He is also fluent in a number of languages which include Modern and Middle English, German, and Greek. Like Joan, he has a keen sense of observation and can be counted on to spot things the others don't. He, Auggie, and Joan often work together when scoping out a crime scene while leaving the heavy lifting to Steve, Dean, and Caroline. However, when placed in immediate danger, Ichabod is also an experienced marksman and can hold his own in hand-to-hand combat. In his spare time, he enjoys tinkering around with Auggie and learning more about the modern world.
✓ Adalind Schade (Grimm)
Resident witch (or Hexenbiest, if you want to get specific), Adalind is poised, seductive, and utterly ruthless when it comes to power; this is something she has in common with Cora, which is why they are often found working together and wreaking havoc. She's the sort of girl who would sell her unborn baby to regain her abilities and sleep with unsuspecting Royals to create an upset in their line of succession.
✓ Mei Chen (Intelligence)
Mei Chen is a human who was implanted with a special chip in her brain, which allows her control over technology and the ability to render crime scenes and data as if they were memories. She is able to enter programming and steal or rework classified information to her advantage, and makes the perfect partner for Moriarty. Well, maybe not partner per se. But they do make a frightening enough pair.
✓ Jim Moriarty (Sherlock)
Consulting criminal extraordinaire, Moriarty pools all the baddies together and yanks the right strings to make them do what he wants without them knowing it. He is manipulative, arrogant, a complete sociopath, and can get quite obsessive given the right nemesis. I imagine him thriving as the Big Bad and throwing out all these 'minor' cases at the dream team, until they realize he's been behind everything all along. In his spare time, he enjoys a cup of tea with Hannibal and frequents Baker Street.
✓ Hannibal Lecter (Hannibal)
Silently intimidating, dignified, cold, and calculating, Hannibal is frighteningly observant and has the uncanny ability to get into a person's mind, plucking and pulling until he's unraveled all their dark secrets and used them to amuse himself. He's a psychiatrist who works with the FBI and doubles up as a serial killer known as the Chesapeake Ripper, of course, without their knowledge. He sees his victims as pigs and is known to consume them after he kills and mutilates them. Like Moriarty, he can get terribly obsessive as well when faced with a promising nemesis.
✓ Melisandre (Game of Thrones)
A mysterious priestess who prefers working from the sidelines, Melisandre often takes on jobs alone and trusts completely in her own abilities. She is granted visions through fire, scoffs at non-believers, and is able to control dark shadow creatures to do her bidding. Although no one knows her true intentions, she does appear to side with whomever her god chooses, whether or not the person is actually evil.
✓ Cora (Once Upon A Time)
Previously a simple miller's daughter with an intense hunger for power, Cora eventually worked her way up the ladder by partnering with Rumpelstilskin, known as the Dark One. As he taught her to use dark magic, she continued to hone her craft until she herself became a formidable foe and allowed her desire for greatness to consume her. Her abilities include a knowledge of various potions, a collection of evil spells, and the ability to shapeshift to confuse her enemies.
Tags: challenge - tv_universe, graphics - picspam, topic - tv
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