Canceled matter in the application file of a U.S. patent or U.S. application publication is not a proper reference as of the filing date under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e). See Ex parte Stalego, 154 USPQ 52, 53 (Bd. App. 1966). However, matter canceled from the application file wrapper of a U.S. patent or U.S. application publication may be used as prior art as of the patent or publication date, respectively, in that it then constitutes prior public knowledge or prior public availability under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a). See, e.g., In re Lund, 376 F.2d 982, 153 USPQ 625 (CCPA 1967). See also MPEP § 2127 and § 2136.02.
If the patented or abandoned file is an Image File Wrapper (IFW) file, examiners can view the application papers from their desktop via the Patent Examiner's Toolkit. Patented and abandoned files that are not available in IFW are stored at the Files Repository. Older files are housed in remote warehouses located in Maryland and Virginia.
Personnel at the Files Repository periodically retrieve the requested files and deliveries of files are made to the requesters' interoffice mailing address. Upon delivery of files at the various locations, Files Repository personnel also retrieve files that are ready to be returned to the repository.
If an abandoned application was previously published under 35 U.S.C. 122(b), that patent application publication is available as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and 102(b) and 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as of its patent application publication date because the patent application publication is considered to be a "printed" publication within the meaning of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and 102(b) and 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1), even though the patent application publication is disseminated by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (Office) using only electronic media. See MPEP § 2128. Additionally, as described in MPEP § 901.03, a patent application publication published under 35 U.S.C. 122(b) of an application that has become abandoned may be available as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) as of the earliest effective U.S. filing date of the published application and may be available under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as of the date it was effectively filed. As provided in 37 CFR 1.11(a), unless a redacted copy of the application was used for the patent application publication, the specification, drawings, and all papers relating to the file of an abandoned published application are open to inspection by the public, and copies may be obtained from the Office. The information that is available to the public under 37 CFR 1.11(a) may be used as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or 102(b) or 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as of the date the information became publicly available.
Where an unpublished abandoned application is identified or whose benefit is claimed in a U.S. patent, a statutory invention registration, a U.S. patent application publication, or an international patent application publication of an international application that was published in accordance with PCT Article 21(2), the file contents of the unpublished abandoned application may be made available to the public. See 37 CFR 1.14(a)(1)(iv). Subject matter from abandoned applications which is available to the public under 37 CFR 1.14 may be used as prior art against a pending U.S. application under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or 102(b) or 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as of the date the subject matter became publicly available.
In re Heritage,182 F.2d 639, 86 USPQ 160 (CCPA 1950), holds that where a patent refers to and relies on the disclosure of a previously copending but subsequently abandoned application, such disclosure is available as a reference. See also In re Lund,376 F.2d 982, 153 USPQ 625 (CCPA 1967).
It has also been held that where the reference patent refers to a previously copending but subsequently abandoned application which discloses subject matter in common with the patent, the effective date of the reference as to the common subject matter is the filing date of the abandoned application. See In re Switzer, 166 F.2d 827, 77 USPQ 156 (CCPA 1948); Ex parte Peterson, 63 USPQ 99 (Bd. App. 1944); and Ex parte Clifford, 49 USPQ 152 (Bd. App. 1940). See MPEP § 2127, subsection I.
Except as provided in 37 CFR 1.11(b), 37 CFR 1.14(a)(1)(v) and 37 CFR 1.14(a)(1)(vi), pending U.S. applications which have not been published are generally preserved in confidence (37 CFR 1.14(a)) and are not available as references. However, claims in one nonprovisional application may be rejected on the claimed subject matter of a copending nonprovisional application of the same inventive entity. See MPEP § 804. For applications having a common assignee or applicant and different inventive entities claiming a single inventive concept, see MPEP § 804.03. See also MPEP § 2127, subsection IV.
(F) a reissue application filed under 35 U.S.C. 251.
U.S. patent application publications are prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and 102(b) and 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as of the publication date. Under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)(1) and 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2), a U.S. patent application publication under 35 U.S.C. 122(b) is considered to be prior art as of the earliest effective U.S. filing date of the published application. Additionally, a U.S. patent application publication of a National Stage application and a WIPO publication of an international application under PCT Article 21(2) are considered to be prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) as of the international filing date, or an earlier effective U.S. filing date, only if the international application was filed on or after November 29, 2000, designated the United States, and was published under PCT Article 21(2) in English. Similarly, a U.S. patent application publication of a National Stage application and a WIPO publication of an international application under PCT Article 21(2) are considered to be prior art under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as of the international filing date, or an earlier effective U.S. filing date.
The following different series of U.S. patents are being or in the past have been issued. The date of patenting given on the face of each copy is the publication date and is the one usually cited. The filing date, in most instances also given on the face of the patent, is ordinarily the effective date as a reference. See MPEP §§ 706.02(f)(1), 2127, subsection II, and 2154. The pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date of a U.S. patent can be an earlier effective U.S. filing date. See MPEP § 2136 et seq. The 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) prior art date of a U.S. patent issued from a nonprovisional application claiming the benefit of a prior domestic application or priority to a foreign filed application may be the filing date of the prior filed application. See MPEP § 2154.01(b).
Reissue Series. Reissue patents (see MPEP § 1401) have been given a separate series of numbers preceded by "Re." In citing, the letters and the number must be given, e.g., Re. 1776. The date that it is effective as a reference is the effective date of the original patent application, not the filing date of the reissue application.
A.I. Series. From 1838 to 1861, patents covering an inventor's improvement on their own patented device were given a separate series of numbers preceded by "A.I." to indicate Additional Improvement. In citing, the letters and the number must be given, e.g., A.I. 113. About 300 such patents were issued.
Following the issuance of a U.S. patent, the patent may be amended through a variety of Office proceedings. Each of these proceedings concludes with the issuance of a certificate which identifies the manner in which the patent was amended.
Reexamination Certificates. A reexamination proceeding is concluded by the issuance and publication of a reexamination certificate, which indicates all changes to the specification, including the claims, and drawings. Any changes made during the reexamination proceeding may not enlarge the scope of the claims or introduce new matter. Upon publication of the reexamination certificate, all changes are incorporated into the patent. Accordingly, the prior art date for subject matter in the reexamination certificate is the same as the prior art date for the patent that was reexamined. See 35 U.S.C. 307 and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 316.
Certificates of Correction. A certificate of correction corrects errors in the patent and is considered as part of the original patent. A patent, together with its certificate of correction, will have the same prior art effect as if the original patent was issued in the corrected form. See 35 U.S.C. 254 and 255.
Post-Grant Review Certificates. Once the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) issues a final decision on post grant review proceeding and the time for appeal has expired or any appeal has terminated, the Office will issue and publish a post grant review certificate canceling any claim of the patent finally determined to be unpatentable, confirming any claim of the patent determined to be patentable, and incorporating in the patent any new or amended claim determined to be patentable.
Inter Partes Review Certificates. Once the PTAB issues a final decision in an Inter Partes Review proceeding and the time for appeal has expired or any appeal has terminated, the Office will issue and publish an inter partes review certificate canceling any claim of the patent finally determined to be unpatentable, confirming any claim of the patent determined to be patentable, and incorporating in the patent any new or amended claim determined to be patentable.
Derivation Certificates. At the conclusion of a derivation proceeding, if the final decision of the PTAB is adverse to claims in a patent, and the time for appeal has expired or any appeal or other review of the decision has terminated, the Office will issue and publish a derivation certificate canceling those claims of the patent. Inventorship of a patent may also be corrected via a derivation proceeding.
The purpose of INID Codes ("INID" is an acronym for "Internationally agreed Numbers for the Identification of (bibliographic) Data") is to provide a means whereby the various data appearing on the first page of patent and like documents can be identified without knowledge of the language used and the laws applied. They are now used by most patent offices and have been applied to U.S. patents since August 4, 1970. Some of the codes are not pertinent to the documents of a particular country and some which are may, in fact, not be used. For a list of INID Codes, see MPEP § 901.05(b).
On January 2, 2001, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) began printing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Standard ST.16 code on each of its published patent documents. WIPO Standard ST.16 codes (kind codes) include a letter, and in many cases a number, used to distinguish the kind of patent document (e.g., publication of an application for a utility patent (patent application publication), utility patent, plant patent application publication, plant patent, or design patent) and the level of publication (e.g., first publication, second publication, or corrected publication). Detailed information on Standard ST.16 and the use of kind codes by patent offices throughout the world is available on the WIPO website at www.wipo.int/scit/en under the links for WIPO standards and other documentation.
This publication may take either of two forms. In the first form, some countries publish a notice giving certain particulars in their official journal, and thereafter, any one may see the papers at the patent office or order copies. This procedure is referred to as "laying open for public inspection." There is no printed publication of the specification, although an abstract may be published in printed form. If anyone can inspect or obtain copies of the laid open application, then it is sufficiently accessible to the public to constitute a "publication" within the meaning of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and 102(b) and 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1). The full application is thus available as prior art as of either the date of publication of its notice or its laying open to public inspection if this is a later date. See In re Wyer, 655 F.2d 221, 210 USPQ 790 (CCPA 1981). See MPEP § 2127, paragraph III.
Practices and terminology vary worldwide regarding patents. In some countries, there is no "letters patent" document which creates and grants the rights. In other countries, the examiner grants the patent by signing the required paper. In a few countries, the patent is granted by operation of law after certain events have occurred. The term "granting the patent" is used here for convenience, but it should be noted that 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and 102(b) or 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) do not use this terminology.
If a U.S. patent or U.S. published application being considered as a reference in an application subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 claims the priority of a previously filed foreign application, it may be desirable to determine if the foreign application has issued or has been published, to see if there is an earlier date. For example, it has occurred that an examiner rejected claims on the basis of a U.S. patent and the applicant filed affidavits to overcome the filing date of the reference; the affidavits were controversial and the case went to appeal, with an extensive brief and an examiner's answer having been filed. After all this work, somebody noticed that the U.S. patent reference claimed the priority of a foreign application filed in a country in which patents were issued fairly soon, checked the foreign application, and discovered that the foreign patent had not only been issued, but also published in printed form, more than 1 year prior to the filing date of the application on appeal. If a U.S. patent or U.S. published application is being considered as a reference in an application subject to 35 U.S.C. 102, whether the filing date of the foreign priority application claimed in the reference can be used as the "effectively filed date" under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) is determined by 35 U.S.C. 102(d). See MPEP § 2154.01(b).
Each horizontal row of boxes contains information on one or more distinct patent documents from a specified country available as a reference under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and 102(b) or 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1). If several distinct patent documents are included within a common box of a row, these documents are related to each other and are merely separate documents published at different stages of the same invention's patenting process. Usually, this related group of documents includes a published application which ripens into an issued patent. Within each box of the second column of each row, the top listed document of a related group is the one that is "published" first (e.g., made available for public inspection by laying open application, or application printed and disseminated to the public). Once an examiner determines the country or organization publishing the documents, the name of the document can be located in the second column of the table and the examiner can determine if a document from the related group containing the same or similar disclosure having an earlier date is available as a reference. Usually, the documents within a related group have identical disclosures; sometimes, however, there are differences in the claims or minor differences in the specification. Therefore, examiners should always verify that the earlier related document also includes the subject matter necessary for the rejection. Some countries issue more than one type of patent and for clarity, in these situations, separate rows are provided for each type.
The purpose of INID Codes ("INID" is an acronym for "Internationally agreed Numbers for the Identification of (bibliographic) Data") is to provide a means whereby the various data appearing on the first page of patent and like documents or in patent gazettes can be identified without knowledge of the language used and the laws applied. They are now used by most patent offices and have been applied to U.S. patents since August 4, 1970. Some of the codes are not pertinent to the documents of a particular country and some which are pertinent may, in fact, not be used. INID codes for industrial designs are similar to, but not identical to, those used for patents and like documents. INID codes for industrial designs are provided separately below.
Until October 1, 1995, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (Office) received copies of the published specifications of patents and patent applications from nearly all the countries which issue them in printed form. The Office now receives most foreign patents in the form of CD-ROM and other electronic media. The foreign patents so obtained are available to examiners from the USPTO's automated search tools such as the Examiner's Automated Search Tool (EAST), the Web-based Examiner's Search Tool (WEST), the Foreign Patent Access System (FPAS), and from the Foreign Patents Service Center in STIC.
Until October 1995, it was the practice in the Office to classify and place only a single patent family member for each invention in the examiner search files. In addition, all non-English language patent documents placed in the examiner files were accompanied, to the extent possible, by an English language abstract. For countries where the specification is printed twice, once during the application stage and again after the patent has been granted, only the first printing was, in general, placed in the search files, since the second printing ordinarily does not vary from the first as to disclosure. The Derwent World Patents index is available on the EAST and WEST systems and provides patent family information and Derwent titles and abstracts in English of foreign patent documents.
Copies of various specifications not included in the search files, whether non-English-language patent documents or documents not printed or available for exchange, may come to the examiner's attention. For example, they may be cited in a motion to dissolve an interference, be cited by applicants, or turn up in an online search. Upon request, STIC will obtain a copy from its extensive collection, or if necessary, from the patent office of the particular country. In the case of unprinted patent documents, STIC will request that the date of granting and the date the specification was made available to the public be indicated on the copies provided by the country of origin. If the examiner wishes to obtain a copy of a specification from an international application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) or a patent application from a WIPO-CASE participating Office, the Global Dossier Public Access is a tool which provides online access to the file histories of related applications. See MPEP § 901.08 for additional information.
Examiners can request copies of any foreign patent documents by submitting an online request using the Foreign Patent Request Form available through STIC's NPL website on the USPTO intranet. Examiners may also request copies directly from the Foreign Patents Service Center of STIC. If examiners so choose, they can make copies themselves. The most current patent documents are accessible through the USPTO's automated search systems, which allow public and USPTO users to look up, view, and print foreign documents. Older documents can be found on microfilm or print copies in the Main Service Center of the STIC. See MPEP § 903.03. The STIC Foreign Patents Service Center and the Electronic Information Centers (EICs) will assist examiners with accessing patent data from foreign countries. If examiners prefer self-service, EAST, WEST and other foreign patent websites are available for foreign patent retrieval. Additionally, STIC translation staff is able to retrieve foreign patent information for examiners.
The main Scientific and Technical Information Center (STIC) is located at the Remsen Building, Room 1D58, 400 Dulany Street, Alexandria, VA 22314. STIC maintains Electronic Information Centers (EICs) in each Technology Center (TC) whose mission is to assist patent examiners in the patent process by providing fast, accurate, prior art searches, document deliver services, the provision of foreign patent copies, translations of foreign documents, and access to non-patent literature in electronic format and in print.
Based on recommendations by patent examiners and subject area experts, STIC reviews, selects and purchases primarily English-language publications in all fields of applied technology. Collections of e-books, books in print, and trade catalogs are also purchased by STIC for permanent location in specific Technology Centers (TCs). For instance, the Design Patent Art Units have a great many manufacturers' catalogs. Books in print, and e-books may be ordered by examiners by contacting the STIC EIC in each TC. A request for a publication can be submitted by using the NPL Purchase Request Form which is available on the STIC NPL website. The physical location or database resource of all acquired publications are recorded in the STIC Online Catalog so that users will know where to look for a particular publication, be it on the shelf in the EIC or in particular electronic resource or database. All publications, regardless of location, are processed in STIC's Collection Management Service Center.
Reference works including encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks, and abstracting and indexing services are also available in print in the EIC. Many are available in electronic form and can be accessed via an electronic resource or database. EIC staff can assist examiners in finding information pertinent to the subject matter of a patent application. STIC does not circulate reference materials. Books in the reference collection are so labeled.
Requests for the purchase of books in print or electronic books are accepted at any time throughout the year, with subsequent purchase dependent on demonstrated need and availability of funds. If an electronic copy of a book in print exists STIC will purchase the electronic copy first.
STIC provides access to a large collection of print and electronic resources. Incorporated into the collection are a number of titles pertinent to the examination of design patent applications and titles of interest to nonexamining areas of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
Requests for the purchase of new subscription titles are accepted at any time throughout the year, with subsequent purchase dependent on demonstrated need and availability of funds.
Most periodicals are available electronically via the STIC NPL website. Current issues of select periodicals in print are arranged alphabetically and located on shelves near the reference collection in EICs and in Main STIC. Bound periodicals are interfiled with the book collection. Periodicals on microfilm and CD-ROM are housed in cabinets.
The collection is located in Main STIC. The most current part of the collection is made available to examiners and the public through the USPTO's automated search tools which allow users to look up, view, and print documents. The earliest patent documents, as far back as 1617, and documents from smaller countries are found in the paper collection in the stacks or at remote sites.
Most foreign countries issue official patent and trademark journals corresponding to the Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. These journals are shelved under country name. Most countries issue name indexes; some also issue classified indexes. Indexes are shelved with the journals.
Although STIC still houses substantial print collections, the majority of the collections are now in the form of electronic books, journals, and foreign patents. Many rare and historical book collections have been digitized in order to provide electronic access and preserve the materials. The electronic books and journals are accessible via the STIC NPL website. To locate the NPL Services for Examiners on the USPTO intranet site, go to the Patent Examiner's Toolkit and click on Non-Patent Literature. Collections are arranged by TC and are also accessible by title via the STIC Online Catalog.
The primary vehicle for locating e-books, e-journals, database and subscription resources, books in print and other materials is the STIC online catalog. The online catalog contains a record of all materials held by the STIC collections, including location, call number, and availability. Examiners can access the online catalog from their desktops via the Patent Examiner's Toolkit or via the STIC NPL website.
Print and electronic materials acquired by STIC are classified according to the Library of Congress classification system. Print materials including books and bound periodicals are intershelved in the stacks according to this classification system. New unbound periodical issues are shelved in a separate area of each EIC, in alphabetical order by title.
All STIC materials in print except non-circulating items may be checked out at the Reference Desk in the EIC or Main STIC. Non-circulating material includes reference publications, journals in print, foreign patent documents, and microfilm. Examiners may use the Department of Commerce Libraries as well as other Federal Government libraries in the area. STIC's staff can answer questions regarding the accessibility and lending practices of other libraries. If books in print are needed from another library for official use, a request can be submitted using the Reference Delivery Request Form available via the STIC NPL website. The Reference Delivery Service Center will process the request on behalf of examiners and deliver the reference upon receipt.
STIC's Reference Desk staff assists examiners in the use of the STIC services and its resources. Upon request, they provide guidance on finding information in the electronic and print collections, and updates on the status of service requests. If any problems are encountered in locating materials or finding answers to informational needs, please check with the staff. They are ready and willing to assist. Queries may be made in person or by using STIC Reference Desk contact resources by phone, email, instant message or simply using the Ask-STIC chat-room.
STIC staff located in the EICs in each TC perform prior art and bibliographic searches for examiners using commercial databases (CDBs) and subscription resources STIC staff access many CDBs such as ProQuest Dialog, Scientific and Technical Network (STN), Questel-Orbit, IP.com and others. When they are identified as meeting the needs and requirements of the Office, new database vendors are added. A list of the databases offered by each vendor is available on the vendors' websites.
CDBs extensively cover the fields of knowledge examined by USPTO, and make it possible for expert search staff to retrieve bibliographic information e.g. title, author, publication date, source, language etc., and may also include abstracts, chemical structures, and DNA sequences. Often the full text of the articles, depending on the database can be provided in PDF or other electronic formats.
CDBs and other subscription resources provide access to non-patent literature that is typically not available on the Internet, and require expert knowledge in order to use special indexing, perform complex chemical substance and structure searches, and classification search systems that improve retrieval. Examiners can submit a request for a prior art/text search by using the Text/Regular Form on the STIC NPL website. For bibliographic searches, examiners may submit a request for a legal/litigation search by using the Legal/Litigation Form. Patent Family searches may be requested by using the Text/Regular Form or contacting the Reference Desk staff in the EIC. Completed searches are emailed to the examiners.
Online searching of nucleic and amino acid sequences is conducted by the staff of the STIC EIC for TC1600 through the use of an in-house computer system developed for this purpose. On an as-needed basis, introductory classes are conducted by STIC staff to assist examiners in understanding the sequence search results. Examiners can also conduct this search on their own via the in-house ABSS search system.
Examiners may also conduct searches of online commercial databases independently of STIC staff. Once approval for a commercial database login and password from the supervisory patent examiner (SPE) has been obtained, training by the vendor is provided through STIC's Digital Resources Division. Individual assistance in searching these databases is also available from the Electronic Information Centers (EIC) staff, especially for searching chemical structures and DNA sequences.
The staff of the Foreign Patents Service Center of the STIC is available to assist with any problem or informational need regarding foreign patent document retrieval or foreign patent documents. These services are also available to examiners in the Electronic Information Centers.
Online patent family searches are performed for patent examiners by the Foreign Patents Service Center. The services provided include: identification of English-language or preferred-language equivalents; determination of priority dates and publication dates; searches by inventor name or abstract number; other patent family and bibliographic document retrieval searches; and foreign classification information.
Examiners who choose to perform their own foreign patent searches after receiving appropriate training through the Office of Patent Training can consult foreign patent experts for difficult document retrieval searches.
The staff of the Foreign Patents Service Center can supplement the online document retrieval searching effort with manual searches of foreign patent journals, including Official Gazette(s), patent concordances, and/or indexes. The staff also provides training in the use of the Foreign Patents Access System (FPAS) in EAST/WEST and the use of the foreign patent collections.
SPECIAL NOTE: Members of the public can order copies of foreign patent documents from the Foreign Patents Service Center.
Examiners may consult the translators in the Translations Service Center of STIC for oral assistance in translating foreign language patents and foreign document sources that may be possible references for applications being examined. Oral translations are performed for the major European languages and for Japanese. Examiners may also request written translations of pertinent portions of references being considered for citation or already cited in applications. Full translations are also made upon request. Written translations can be made from virtually all foreign languages into English. See also MPEP § 901.05(d).
The Translations Service Center maintains a database of all previously completed document translations. Patent translations are indexed by country and patent number; articles are indexed by language and author or title. Any copies of translations coming to examiners from outside the Office should be furnished to the Translations Service Center so that it may make copies for its files.
When needed for official business purposes, STIC will borrow from other libraries materials not available in-house. Requests can be submitted to the STIC facility in an examiner's TC or via the electronic form on the STIC NPL website. STIC has borrowing agreements with libraries throughout the U.S.
Requests pertaining to the earliest date of publication or first distribution to the public of publications should be made to the STIC EIC facility in the examiner's TC. For U.S. publications, the staff can obtain the day and month of publication claimed by the copyright owner. The same information can be obtained for foreign publications through correspondence although it will take a little longer.
Special tours of the STIC and its service centers can be arranged for examiners or for outside groups by contacting the STIC EIC facility in the examiner's TC.
The Patent Search Room contains a complete set of A.P.C. published applications arranged numerically in bound volumes. The U.S. A.P.C. bib data is located on the following database (2964 total): http://db.library.queensu.ca/apcdocuments/.
Abstracts and Abbreviatures are U.S. Patent and Trademark Office publications of abandoned applications. Defensive Publications (the O.G. defensive publication and search copy) are U.S. Patent and Trademark Office publications of provisionally abandoned applications wherein the applicant retains their rights to an interference for a limited time period of 5 years from the earliest effective U.S. filing date. On May 8, 1985, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office stopped accepting Defensive Publication requests and began accepting applications for Statutory Invention Registrations (SIRs), although there was an overlap period where both Defensive Publications and Statutory Invention Registrations were processed; see MPEP § 711.06 and § 711.06(a). Statutory Invention Registrations replaced the Defensive Publication program. However, requests for a statutory invention registration filed on or after March 16, 2013 will not be processed, as the provisions of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 157 governing Statutory Invention Registrations were repealed. See MPEP § 1101. Statutory Invention Registrations are numbered with document category "H," beginning with "H1." Defensive Publications and Statutory Invention Registrations are included in subclass lists and subscription orders.
Patent family information is available at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (Office) primarily through commercial databases. See MPEP § 901.05 regarding patent family. Examiners have access to this information either directly through the automated search tools such as the Examiner's Automated Search Tool (EAST) and the Web-based Examiner Search Tool (WEST) or indirectly through the search services of the Scientific and Technical Information Center (STIC). Additionally, Examiners may utilize the Common Citation Document website accessible through the Examiner's Toolkit to obtain patent family information.
Global Dossier Public Access provides secure, online access to the file histories of related applications from participating IP Offices. This includes all international application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) as well as patent applications from World Intellectual Property Organization-Centralized Access to Search and Examination (WIPO-CASE) participating offices. By using this service, examiners will be able to view Office Actions (along with machine translations), citations, and classification data for those applications. This service also provides Office Action Indicators to help examiners identify applications that contain office actions, a Collections View for saving documents and applications for review later on in the session, and the ability to download the documents in an application. See www.wipo.int/case/en/ for additional information regarding WIPO-CASE.


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"Best value two bedroom condo in the Delray Summit, which boasts the most desirable location in Delray Beach! Once home, you won't need your car as you are walking distance to the award winning beach & just steps off of lively Atlantic Ave where dining, entertaining & shopping options abound! Light & bright corner unit with large wrap balcony offers great pool & intracoastal views. Impact glass throughout, travertine balcony flooring, granite counters in kitchen & bathrooms, crown molding in living, dining & bedrooms, new doors installed in bedrooms & bathroom. This new old building has been totally renovated over the past few years giving it a fresh look & feel. All major maintenance items have been taken care of w/ no pending assessments. All ages are welcome in this smoke free bldg."
"The perfect pied-a-terre! One bedroom, updated unit, furniture included, located 2 blocks to the beach and 1 block to Atlantic Avenue's shops, restaurants. Located in secured intracoastal building Delray Summit, with all of the amenities! IMPACT WINDOWs, opened up granite kitchen with lots of counter space and storage. Updated bath and powder room, large walk in closet. WASHER/DRYER IN THE UNIT! Ground floor unit, easy in and out. Secured building entry, beautiful lobby, full kitchen community room, library, fitness room, BBQ area and grassy green lawn for enjoying the outdoors."


Chicago Photographer Petra prepares for a shoot by heading over to Jewel Osco to grab supplies for the crew, and tells her own story as a young artist in the city.
Grocery chain Jewel-Osco needed to create a language that would connect with Millennials. Contend worked with Jewel to re-imagine their tagline, "You're in for Something Fresh". We created a 20 episode video series titled Something Fresh, featuring influencer millennials targeting this core audience. Views increased 85%, with engagement jumping 98%. Contend produced 80 pieces of additional content, driving 500,000 new fans to the client's Facebook Page.
Musician Tom Schraeder hosts a 4th of July party.
Professional soccer player and entrepreneur Quincy Amarikwa shares his life and a Jewel Osco meal.
Jewelry Designer Laura Lombardi shares her inspiration and fashions a new necklace.
Part-musician part-pirate, Aaron Wilhoft talks life on the Great Lakes and his love of storytelling.
Talia Gusfield bakes something from Jewel and hits the tennis courts.


Maffra Secondary College offers our students the opportunity to complete the Duke of Edinburgh Award.
The Award is a leading structured (non-formal education) youth development program, empowering all young Australians between age 14 to 25 to explore their full potential regardless of their location or circumstance. The Award is a fully inclusive program and has no social, political, or religious affiliations.
Each young person who takes part in the Award learns a skill, improves their physical wellbeing, volunteers in their community and goes on an adventure. All Participants are supported by a network of adult Award Leaders, Assessors, Supervisors, and mentors.
For more information about the Duke of Edinburgh Award at Maffra Secondary College, please contact the general office on (03) 5147 1790 and speak to the Award Coordinator.


Patton has created new 8-32 FXS port templates that are available to download and install into your 3CX Phone System. Just a few simple steps and you will be configuring your SmartNode IPChannelBank devices in no time at all.
Download the SmartWare_SN_FXS.zip file attached to this article.
Extract the contents of the zip file into the 'Downloads' folder on your Windows machine.
Your SmartNode will now be successfully configured and registered to use 3CX.
Please contact Patton Support if you have any questions.


Young professionals wishing to apply for educational funding, should contact Arcadio Gil at ESCT (agil@lasba.com or info@europeanshoppingcentretrust.eu), outlining their reasons for doing so, the amount they are seeking and why they have chosen their identified course.
individual educational opportunities which do not fall into these categories but still promote and encourage continuous professional education within the shopping centre industry.
Education is the perfect way do improve my retail property knowledge, to meet all the professionals of the industry and to gain knowledge you can't find in books.


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Famous Hispanic Hollywood Celebrities
The Best Spanish Learning Applications
The Best Real Madrid Players of All Time
Cecilia de L'Olleria fills the Goya Theater with "Remembering Nino Bravo"
Home/Cecilia de L'Olleria fills the Goya Theater with "Remembering Nino Bravo"
Cecilia de L'Olleria fills the Goya Theater with "Remembering Nino Bravo"Anesu2020-09-11T09:38:44+00:00
The sold-out poster was hung
The SEM Sta. Cecilia de L'Olleria managed to hang the poster of sold out tickets in the concert she performed last Saturday "Remembering Nino Bravo ". The SEM of L'Olleria put on the music while the voices were provided by Felipe Garpe and Javier Esteban, from the production company Infinity, who knew how to excite the audience with the interpretation of some of the most well-known songs of the Aiel singer.
Throughout the concert there were classics such as cartas amarillas, libre, Noelia or esa será mi casa, which received numerous applause from the dedicated audience that packed the Goya Theater in the town.
In addition, the concert did not lack images of the singer through which the professional trajectory of the singer was reviewed. Among the audience were the mayor, José Vidal, the councilor for culture, Jesús Engo among other members of the corporation as well as the singer's eldest daughter, Amparo Ferri and Nino Bravo's brother-in-law, Manuel Martínez, who at the end of the concert highlighted the great quality of the SEM Sta. Cecilia which was directed by Pere Molina.
The mayor, José Vidal congratulated the entire SEM for "the success achieved this afternoon, not only for having sold all the tickets but for the magnificent interpretation of the songs making clear once again its great quality and professionalism" also the Councilor for Culture, Jesús Engo congratulated "all its members, president, director and musicians for their obstinacy and effort in this show, so much work has received its reward and have made us excited this evening."
For his part, Manolo Cerdà, president of the SEM Sta. Cecilia expressed her satisfaction "not only for being able to work on this project but for being able to take it to L'Olleria" adding that "we are very happy because the public has responded extraordinarily and all the tickets have been sold".
Pere Molina, director of the SEM Sta. Cecilia said minutes before the start of the concert that "all the musicians are very excited about this project which involves a lot of responsibility as we perform songs well known to the public so we have all worked hard to make this evening a great success." .
The concert that began at seven in the afternoon ended with a loud applause and the audience standing, who asked the singers to end the famous song by Nino Bravo, libre.
500 people enjoy the closure of the winter toy library "L'Art de Nadal"
December is a warm, dry month with an average temperature of 11.5º
Globally Famous Songs That Were Sung in Spanish
Hundreds of boys and girls from L'Olleria deliver their letters to the Royal Vizier
RESULTS WEEKEND 7 and 8 JANUARY
Some of the Most Popular Spanish Teams of Team Right Now
Spanish Movies You Should Watch Right Now
The Best Tourist Destinations That You Can Find In Spain
The potters fill the streets to receive the Magi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home / Photography / Cityscape Photography
Nature Collides with Gorgeous New York Cityscapes
By Katie Hosmer on October 31, 2012
As New York City recovers from the sweeping winds, massive rainfall, and damaging aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, it's nice to remember the city in some of its finer, more peaceful moments. This series by London-based photographer Matthew Richards is a collection of stunning black and white cityscapes that document the iconic landscape of one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.
Combining the fall season with classic shots around New York, Richards layers the patterns, forms, and geometric structures of the city's buildings, parks, and streets with the natural lines and textures of fallen leaves. The results are these solitary moments in which a constructed metropolitan interacts with the organic details of small pieces of nature.
Each composition, set against a simple white backdrop, will captivate viewers as they get lost in a swirl of city streets, leafy branches, and the abstractions formed in between the undefined edges. Richards is currently a student at the London College of Communication and he is definitely one to keep an eye on as he continues to make incredibly complex narratives through such simple forms.
Matthew Richards' website
via [Devid Sketchbook]
Beyond Bouquets: Turning Pressed Flowers Into One-of-a-Kind Art


If you are looking to reach out to a writer, you should at least feel confident in the person who will be creating your paper. Fortunately, our site features an online community of students for just that purpose. They present unbiased custom paper writing service reviews and discuss writing services they have received.
Customer reviews are one of the leading sources that individuals look for. Any company can say that they are great. What really matters is that the services they provide and how satisfied previous students have been. This means you never worry about receiving lesser quality work.
The business world is competitive. This means that one day a company could be considered at the top of their niche and the next someone else could be leading. By keeping up-to-date with other students, you can find out who is the current best.
You may also be able to find expert writers for any topic. By speaking to other students, you can learn about the type of papers they have had written and from which essay writing services. When you find someone satisfied with a topic similar to your own paper, you can look at that site to find the essay writer.


The Polini Motor is one of the Power Plant option that we have adapted for the EMG-6 for those that are wanting longer cross county capability or just in the interim until the electrical power plant systems are more refined.
– The cylinder is die-cast in light alloy, it ensures a better thermal stability.
– The piston, gravity cast at high silicon content light alloy, reduces thermal expansion and the coupling slack. The design of the piston top is specific to optimize the compression ratio.
– It is provided with a balancing countershaft; this feature cancels the vibrations and guarantees comfort never felt during a flight and a longer life for the engine itself. The counter-rotating rollers decrease greatly the upsetting torque-steer for an extra comfort in flight.
-The centrifugal clutch is in oil bath with helicoid mechanical reduction.
– The electric starting is standard but to offer the maximum safety the engine is also equipped with manual starter with easy system thanks to the flash starter device that speeds up and simplifies the movements.
– It is equipped with the comfortable closed-circuit system for the recovery of fuel during transportation and the 12 V output for any use.
Small and compact THOR 250 DUAL SPARK engine has an extraordinary power to weight ratio.
Advanced technology and high performance of the new THOR 250 DUAL SPARK allow a better feeling of driving performance, making the flight more dynamic, responsive and sensitive, besides ensuring even greater stability.
Polini THOR 250 DUAL SPARK is a 100% Made in Italy product.


They have an accuracy that exceeds the requirement of ISO6789 (+/-6% for tools up to 10 N•m), and can also be supplied as 'P' Types.
Accuracy exceeds the requirements of ISO6789, +/-6% and they are suppied with a 1/4" hexagon bit holder that can be removed and replaced with widely available screwdriver blades. These models are pre-set to prevent unauthorised or accidental adjustment.


TTS software runs on Windows 7/8/10, and will run on 32-bit or 64-bit versions of these operating systems.
NOTE: Windows RT, Vista, and XP are not supported.
It is highly recommended that the operating system has all current Windows updates installed.
Due to the highly graphical nature of MasterTune, it is recommended that the PC have a good graphics capability.
If a laptop is used for on vehicle data collection, a solid-state drive (SSD) will help prevent vibration-related problems.
Using 4GB of memory will generally show a noticeable performance improvement.


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Сейвож (Сылвож) — река в России, протекает по Республике Коми. Устье реки находится в 46 км по правому берегу реки Верхний Одес. Длина реки составляет 15 км.

Данные водного реестра
По данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Двинско-Печорскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Печора от впадения реки Уса до водомерного поста Усть-Цильма, речной подбассейн реки — Печора ниже впадения Усы. Речной бассейн реки — Печора.

Код объекта в государственном водном реестре — 03050300112103000075847.

Примечания

Бассейн Ижмы
Реки Сосногорского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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'Idol' runner-up joins Miss America pageantry
By Kevin McDonough
Clay Aiken performs at the Miss America pageant (8 p.m. today, ABC) for the second consecutive year. Give the kid a couple of decades and he could become the next Bert Parks. The "American Idol" runner-up will warble Parks' signature ballad, "There She Is," as the tear-stained winner totters under her tiara for the very first time.
This year's beauty contest (er, make that the talent show/scholarship competition) marks the 50th anniversary of the first televised Miss America pageant, which also aired on ABC. Fans of vintage contests who can find Trio on their cable lineup are in luck. That pop-culture network will broadcast vintage pageants, including the one from 1983 (4 p.m. today, Trio) that crowned Vanessa Williams and the 1958 Miss America pageant (6 p.m.) featuring runner-up Anita Bryant.
Not every girl grows up to be Miss America. In the 2004 horror flick "Darklight" (8 p.m. today, Sci Fi), Shiri Appleby plays a confused 24-year-old with no knowledge of her past. She's also has marks on her arms written in some ancient language. Heavens to Betsy, it turns out she's actually Lilith, the legendary first bride of Adam, chased out of the Garden of Eden for being a strident feminist or something to that effect.
Speaking of comic books, Paul Giamatti shines as Cleveland packrat Harvey Pekar in the outstanding 2003 feature "American Splendor" (9 p.m. today, HBO). Based on Pekar's autobiographical graphic novels, "Splendor" offers the sad sack file clerk's ruminations on love, life, jazz and culture, and follows his peculiar route to marriage, family and fulfillment.
Garry Shandling will host the 56th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards (7 p.m. Sunday, ABC). Once again, HBO has received the greatest number of nominations. Shandling himself is best known as the star of "The Larry Sanders Show," the premium network's biggest draw in the days before "The Sopranos."
I don't suspect HBO will get any Emmy nods for "Family Bonds" (9 p.m. Sunday, HBO), the second reality series to document the rough-and-tumble life of a bail bondsman's family.
Like the star of the A&E; series "Dog, the Bounty Hunter," Tom Evangelista rides a motorcycle and sports several tattoos. We see him assemble a team to capture bail-jumpers. We also watch him try to teach his 7-year-old son to ride a bike without training wheels. Big surprise: He frightens the boy.
David Suchet returns as novelist Agatha Christie's Belgian sleuth Hercule Poirot in the new adaptation of "Death on the Nile" (7 p.m. Sunday, A&E;).


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Веллсбург () — селище () в США, в окрузі Чеманг штату Нью-Йорк. Населення — 580 осіб (2010).

Географія
Веллсбург розташований за координатами  (42.013317, -76.730356).  За даними Бюро перепису населення США в 2010 році селище мало площу 1,49 км², з яких 1,47 км² — суходіл та 0,02 км² — водойми.

Демографія

Згідно з переписом 2010 року, у селищі мешкало 580 осіб у 228 домогосподарствах у складі 156 родин. Густота населення становила 388 осіб/км².  Було 243 помешкання (163/км²).

Расовий склад населення:

До двох чи більше рас належало 1,0 %. Частка іспаномовних становила 0,9 % від усіх жителів.

За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 22,1 % — особи молодші 18 років, 64,6 % — особи у віці 18—64 років, 13,3 % — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Медіана віку мешканця становила 39,5 року. На 100 осіб жіночої статі у селищі припадало 106,4 чоловіків;  на 100 жінок у віці від 18 років та старших — 100,9 чоловіків також старших 18 років.

Середній дохід на одне домашнє господарство  становив  доларів США (медіана — ), а середній дохід на одну сім'ю —  долар (медіана — ). За межею бідності перебувало 26,9 % осіб, у тому числі 45,5 % дітей у віці до 18 років та 5,6 % осіб у віці 65 років та старших.

Цивільне працевлаштоване населення становило 226 осіб. Основні галузі зайнятості: освіта, охорона здоров'я та соціальна допомога — 39,8 %, виробництво — 15,9 %, мистецтво, розваги та відпочинок — 15,0 %.

Джерела

Селища Нью-Йорку
Населені пункти округу Чеманг (округ)


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'"Bassanio"' in Character
Merchant of Venice, The (2015 Video)
Jonathan Munby
Video recording of Jonathan Munby's 2015 staging for Shakespeare's Globe Theatre of The Merchant of Venice. Jonathan Pryce is Shylock.
Polly Findlay
Video recording of the Royal Shakespeare Company's 2015 staging of The Merchant of Venice directed by Polly Findlay. Makram J. Khoury is Shylock.
A production filmed live at the Center for Jewish History, New York. A modern-English version of the play staged in a Sephardi style with Jewish Ladinos songs. French actor and baritone David Serero is...
RSC Live from Stratford Upon Avon
Merchant of Venice: Opera in Three Acts with an Epilogue After William Shakespeare, The (2014 Video)
Felix Breisach; Keith Warner
Opera directed for stage by Keith Warner and for video by Felix Breisach. Magdalena Anna Hofman sings the role of Portia and Adrian Eröd that of Shylock. The Vienna Symphony Orchestra and Prague...
Andre Tchaikovsky: The Merchant of Venice (2013 Video)
aka: Der Kauffman von Venedig
Recorded at the 2013 Bregenz festival, this production of the Merchant of Venice is the premier of the only opera by the pianist and composer, André Tchaikowsky.
Video recording of Rupert Goold's 2011 staging of The Merchant of Venice with Patrick Stewart as Shylock and Susannah Fielding as Portia.
Ethan McSweeny
Video recording of the Shakespeare Theatre Company's 2011 staging of The Merchant of Venice directed by Ethan McSweeeny with Mark Nelson as Shylock. Videotaped for the Washington Area Performing Arts...
Merchant of Little Venice, The (2010 Film)
Caroline Sax
A modern-day interpretation of the play set in Little Venice, London.
Ed Hall
Video recording of Ed Hall's 2009 all-male and touring production of The Merchant of Venice. Richard Clothier is Shylock.
You are currently searching in Shakespeare. Search all the BUFVC's collections for '"Bassanio"' in All fields.
Shakespeare productions: 100
Online: ~5
To Order: ~72
Record only: ~29


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Episode 40: Shaun Whynacht – Advice From The Doer of Cool Marketing Stuff
Shaun attended an entrepreneurial conference in grade 9.
Shaun didn't see a blue cow that inspired the name of his company.
If you have a business, you have some understanding of what marketing is.
"Digital marketing is just using a different means to do that type of marketing."
"Instead of running newspaper ads or radio ads, you're running Facebook ads."
"Find people that can help you do what you need to do in those little steps along the way – don't try to learn it all yourself."
"If you're found online, whether you have a Google listing or you have your website, you are, in one way or another, doing digital marketing."
"As much as understanding who your client is, you also have to have an understanding of who your client is not."
Businesses should think about starting or joining Facebook groups.
"When you create a video for your business, you're not going in to try and sell your service. You're going to provide information and value."
"There is a skill and knowledge that you have that other people are looking to have answers to."
"Podcasting has gained a lot of headway in the marketplace in the last several years."
"Where I see a podcast really beneficial for a business is not as a means to advertise but as a means to share your area of expertise and your knowledge."
"The digital landscape is always going to be changing. What we set out to do today, in 2 months, 3 months, or 6 months is most likely going to change."
"Be okay with the fact that you might start something that is not going to work."
Juliet spoke more than she was planning to speak.
"Clients don't care about the labour pains. They just want to see the baby." – Tim Williams
Meet Shaun Whynacht
Our guest is Shaun Whynacht, Founder and CEO of Blue Cow Marketing.
Shaun has over 20 years of experience in digital marketing across both the US and Canada, helping clients develop the tools for marketing and promoting their businesses. A self-professed learning addict, Shaun spends his "downtime" keeping up with the latest trends in technology, marketing and design so that he can put them to work for his clients.
Shaun is also a licensed display fireworks and pyrotechnician.
He holds a Diploma in Technical Television Productions from the Nova Scotia Community College.
www.bluecowmarketing.ca/
Brandscaping by Andrew Davis
Who not How by Dan Sullivan and Dr. Benjamin Hardy
Twitter: https://twitter.com/bluecowcreative and https://twitter.com/shaunwhynacht
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bluecowmarketing/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/bluecowmarketing
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/bluecowmarketing
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shaunwhynacht/
Welcome, everyone, to today's podcast, Smart Man, Smarter Woman, a podcast for entrepreneurs, by entrepreneurs. Thank you very much for giving us a listen today. I am Steve Loates.
And we are your co-hosts. Before I introduce today's guest, I think my dear partner in crime may have a few words today. How was the smarter woman herself? How are you doing, Juliet?
I am excellent. That's a really tough title to live up to on a daily basis. There are days where I'm not the smarter woman. I don't know, we got to play it by year sometimes whether I get that title. But no, I'm excellent. It certainly feels like winter today. But it is winter, I'm in Canada, I shouldn't really be too surprised. I'm not sure how much of today's conversation I'm actually going to participate in, because it's a marketing conversation, which isn't necessarily my forte, but I think the audience today will get a lot of use, because marketing is usually one of the biggest challenges for most businesses.
I think it's going to be a great episode. I'll hand it back to you, Steve.
I really appreciate that. A couple of things there, Juliet, I really have never known you not have something to say. So, I'm pretty sure that you will be participating in this conversation. As for being the smarter woman, you have to remember what you're being compared to, right? It's smart man, smarter woman. Even on a bad day, you're always smarter than me, so you don't have to really worry about living… The bar's not that high.
Come on, you're selling yourself short.
I know you'll do just a spectacular job as you always do. Anyway, the audience doesn't want to listen to you, and I just ramble on here. Let's bring in our guest. All the way from, certainly one of the most beautiful places in Canada, if not the entire world. We were there a couple of years ago on a quick drive thru, and I'm sure we didn't do it justice, but we really loved it, and that is the Annapolis Valley in Nova Scotia, in Canada, like I said.
Our special guest, Mr. Shaun Whynacht, who I love his tagline. He's a digital marketing specialist, but I prefer what I think he has in his email signature, which is the doer of cool marketing stuff. That is a great tag. Without further ado, Sean, welcome to the show.
Shaun Whynacht (02:48):
Thank you for having me. I'm really excited to be here.
Our pleasure. Now, before we start getting into some of this marketing stuff, and how we can help our audience, maybe you could start us off by sharing a little bit about your own entrepreneurial journey. A little bit about who you are, what you do, and maybe who you help, and let's go from there.
Absolutely. My entrepreneurial journey started a long time ago, much earlier than I was actually aware of. I remember being a little boy, and my grandfather had a TV repair business in our house, and I lived with my grandparents and my mom. I remember going out to his workshop and sitting on the bench while he fixed TVs and going out with him to deliver these TVs back. This is before TVs were disposable, people actually fixed them. I saw that relationship he'd have with clients, going in, knowing them, meeting them and everything.
Then it wasn't until grade nine in high school, I saw this poster in school that said, Entrepreneurial Conference. I went to the guidance counselor, I'm like, "What does that word mean?" She said, "It's somebody that runs their own business." Immediately, I was familiar with that. I grew up with that. I went to that. In grade 10, I started my first business, it was a DJ company, and I DJ-ed some high school dances and then it expanded into community dances, weddings. I got my professional training in video production and started into marketing videos.
Then from there, I went west, learned web design, bringing me right back to the east coast 10 years ago, specializing in digital marketing, all the points in between. That's really the summary of my entrepreneurial journey. Along the way, I've helped other family businesses operate and succeed and started some other little side ventures along the way too, but my heart is truly in marketing.
I love that in grade nine, you attended an entrepreneurial conference. I have never seen any high school advertise any such thing for high schools students. I think it's a fabulous idea because there aren't enough schools talking about owning your own business, and being a business owner, they're all talking about preparing you to work for somebody else. I love that you actually attended one and that they were advertising it in your school. That's great.
It was a great event. You're amidst other people who were just like you and they were at different stages. Some of them had a business, some of them were thinking of starting it, and some of them had no idea what they wanted to do with their life, but they still attended. I think that's where the heart of entrepreneurship is, is it's all about opportunities, and really just finding where you fit.
Yeah, absolutely. I have to agree as well, that it's not talked about enough in school. I think, high school, and maybe even sooner, is where it should be talked about. There are lots of kids who have no interest in going to university, the thought of maybe they just feel that they're not going to qualify to get into university, or it doesn't appeal to them at all, and that they're always wondering, okay, well, if I don't do that, what am I going to do? What are the options?
If I did want to start my own business, how do I start my own business? What are the steps? I've always thought that, that should be something, whether it's an entrepreneurial actual class, or it's part of another course. But I think it should certainly be something that's talked about. I would be remiss if I did not ask how you came about the name of your business, Blue Cow Marketing?
This story comes up a lot, everybody asked me that, and I really wish that I had this very in depth story to tell about it. But the reality came about that, when I wanted to start my business, in the marketing side, I knew I wanted something that had a fun character. For me, I don't know why, I always thought cows were just… There was more going on there. When you saw a cow in a pasture, you're like, that cow is probably a genius, but people just discredit them. They're always fun and that kind of thing.
When it came down to it, it was like, okay, let's pick a color, blue is my favorite color, and then it used to Blue Cow Creative, and the name has changed to Blue Cow Marketing in the last nine years. That's really what it was. There's no big philosophy about seeing a Blue Cow when I was young and aspiring to have something unique, right? It's not like Seth Godin's Purple Cow or anything like that.
Right. I wasn't sure if there was any connection there to the Purple Cow, because I thought it's a great name.
Over the years, everybody says, it's memorable, I always remember it.
Yeah. For sure.
I love… Our audience, obviously, this is a podcast, you can't see Shaun, but behind Sean on the wall is a picture of six cows. Five of them are black, one of them is blue, and then it says underneath it in blue writing, why fit in when you were born to stand out? Which I guess is a Dr. Seuss saying.
That is correct. Yep.
But I think that just ties in perfectly with your entire marketing name and your firm name.
Yeah. No, that's great. I love that.
It makes it memorable.
Yeah, for sure. Okay. Digital marketing, for most small business owners, it's a scary phrase.
It's an expensive phrase for a lot of-
Can be, it can be a frustrating place. For the small business owner who, maybe they're on a limited budget, they don't have the money to do everything they should be doing online, where would you advise them to start so they can start growing their business so that maybe as they grow, they can start to incorporate some of these other parts of the digital marketing world?
Before you answer that, can I take it back a step, because you, Steve, are a marketer, Shaun, you are a marketer. Our audience may not all understand what the difference is between digital marketing and marketing. Maybe if you could start with that, and tell us what does digital marketing mean?
Absolutely. This question, I hear this a lot, and a lot of times, new businesses or people that are just getting started with digital marketing, look at it as it's something completely new that they're unfamiliar with. But the reality is, marketing, if they have a business, they understand some level of what marketing is. Digital marketing is just using a different means to do that type of marketing. It's using technology. Instead of running newspaper ads, or radio ads, you're running Facebook ads or Google ads. Instead of having a storefront only, you now have a website where people can find you.
The idea is, you still want to be able to make yourself accessible, make it easier for people to communicate with you, and don't overcomplicate it. Steve, when you're saying about, somebody doesn't have the budget, or the wherewithal yet to take it all on, you should absolutely never try to take it all on because you're going to overwhelm yourself. Another reason, you don't have all the time to learn it all.
There's a great book out there called How Not Why, which is the… Not How Not Why, I can't remember the name of the book, Who Not How, that's what it was, Who Not How. The idea is, find people that can help you do what you need to do in those little steps along the way. Don't try to learn it all yourself, because you're going to… That's not your area of expertise.
The reality is, if you have a website, or you don't have a website, you don't really need to spend a lot of money on it, unless you're trying to make it an eCommerce site and sell products. When you come down to it and think of people are going to start to go to Google, and they're going to type in a search. If they know about your business, or they hear about it, they're going to search for the name. Really, what do they want to know? They want to know, when are you open, how do I contact you? Who are you?
Really those three things in the very basic level. Then maybe they're on Facebook, so you should be there. If you're a professional out there doing professional service to other businesses, you should be on LinkedIn. There's just certain places that are standard, that we tell people that they should be out there. Don't get worried right yet about should I be doing X amount of posts per week, just make sure that you're able to be found online.
The next step from that is then looking at, okay, how can I start to get in front of more people? Because those people that are trying to find you, by either getting a referral, or they're doing a Google search, their intent is higher than somebody who doesn't know about you, or doesn't know of the service or product that you have, or the problem that you solve.
That's what I really like to get people to think about is, if you're found online, whether you have a Google listing, or you have your website, you are, in one way or another, doing digital marketing.
Okay-
That should make everybody feel better, because most people nowadays have a website, they have a Google business listing. At least now you can feel like you've got your toes in the water already. Now, we're going to get you to maybe put your foot in and go a little bit further.
I love the phrase, who not how. One thing I like to focus on that you touched on, was if you are business to business, that you should be on LinkedIn, versus being on Facebook, or if your customers are on Facebook. How much do you emphasize, before someone is to venture into digital marketing or expand their digital marketing presence, understanding who their ideal client is, or who their client base is, and where they are?
It's extremely important. As much as understanding who your client is, you also have to have a strong understanding of who your client is not. A lot of times people will look at it as, I could service anyone. They cast this huge, broad net, and they're really ending up being nobody to no one. By narrowing it down, saying, I service entrepreneurs who are between 35 and 50, primarily women, that is narrowing it down. I would know that that is my audience.
I only know that myself, because when I look back at clients that I've worked with, that has been the demographic that has worked really well with me. The other side too, is, ask them. If you've worked with somebody say, "Where do you find out information online? Where do you personally go?" If they say, "Well, I'm on Facebook." Facebook's the biggest network that's out there, because whether they're there for business, they're probably also there for their personal life as well.
But I look at LinkedIn as that's where you know of the people, right? Very little Do you see brands advertising on LinkedIn, you're seeing posts when you're going there from people, the people behind the business, and that's where those personal, one to one business to business connections are made. In my opinion, that's been the experience that I've had in working not only with myself, but with certain clients that I have that are in that space.
Right. Great. What would you say, in your experience of dealing with different entrepreneurs, different businesses, is there a common mistake you see them doing when they're first starting out in the world of digital marketing, that is something they really should try to avoid?
Yeah, they're trying to take on too much. They're creating their Facebook business page, they've got an Instagram account, they're hopping on Twitter, they're doing YouTube… Well, they're trying to do it, but really, it's spreading themselves too thin. They're not really understanding how to do one of them really well, and then take those learnings from that and apply it to the next one. The idea is, where can you really give the best effort?
Somebody that's on Twitter is a unique skill set and understanding that somebody is on Facebook. Twitter is all about the now, the moment. If you're always glued to your phone, and you want to be connected, that's a great platform to be on. But if you don't want to, and you want to have something with a longer shelf life, then Facebook's a really good platform that's there. The biggest thing I tell people is, go on… If you've never been there before, from a business standpoint, go on and start to look up some businesses that you personally shop at and see what are they doing?
It's the same thing as if you went to a host party, and there was like 100 people that you've never met before, you're not going to walk through the door and start talking out loud and trying to bring all the attention to yourself. No, you're going to go through and you're going to start to mingle, you're going to listen, and you're going to see what conversations are happening and see where you fit in. Over time, you'll start to feel more comfortable with the people that are there, and you'll start to make connections. The same thing is true when you're on social media, it's just a different medium, there's still a network of individuals feeding into it, you need to go on, you start to observe and start to listen and see what other people are doing.
I love the analogy of the house party and going in, and you wouldn't just start talking to everybody, you would listen first. But I love that analogy. Just a dive a little bit into Facebook, in our industry, in the accounting space, Facebook groups have become a huge thing. Again, in our industry, where there's a lot of sharing of knowledge, there's a lot of discussion. I know, and have met people on Facebook groups, that I then will meet in person six months later, a year later at a conference, and I feel like I already know them, and I'm surprised that it's the first time I've ever met them.
Is that… I'm relating it from my industry, but is that common among… Are Facebook groups popular across the board? Should businesses be thinking about joining or starting Facebook groups?
Absolutely. It's funny how, when Facebook first came out, groups were really the only way that a business could make an online entity, and then they shifted over, they created pages. So, people have pulled away from it. Now, groups are just making this comeback. It's very valuable, because if you take the approach of using social media to genuinely want to help people and knowledge share, then you're doing it right, you're not going on social media just to try to keep selling. Social media is just a place to gain interest, get people to know who you are, and they will, out of curiosity, start to engage in conversation and check out who you are.
When you find a group, and I suggest that you strongly go join a group versus starting one when you're first getting going, because it's hard to get the momentum in a group, but go in there and just start to again, same thing, look at what the amount of discussions that are happening. People create a post, and then there's discussions on that thread that's on there. See if you can add some value to that, and then suddenly, over time, what you'll do is you'll start to then either, post some content, or post a question, and then you're leading a discussion.
What will happen is somebody will click on your name, and they'll look at your personal profile. As much as people are like, I want to keep the personal and the professional separate, you can't do that as much with groups because you are personally connected to it. Making sure that your personal profile does mention something about your business, and maybe has a link to your website on it somewhere because people will click on it to check out who you are.
Obviously, keep your security level if you don't want your personal photos showing up, make them only for friends. But the idea is somebody is going to go check out who you are there. Then you're going to want to start in some discussions back and forth. You will start to generate leads there. A lot of times, for example, if I'm in a business group, I will see people asking questions like, "Hey, I need to do a new logo or I need to do a new website. Do you know anyone?" People will start to comment on there. If I suggest myself, I can message the person and engage in that conversation. But if I went in there and started posting every day, "Hey, come to me for web design, come to me for marketing." For one, you're going to get banned from the group, because most cases is against the policy, and two, you're going to be that annoying person who… We all know those people that you can hear them in any room you go in, whether there's 100 people or 1000 people, you know that person is at that party, because you can hear them shouting over everyone. You don't want to be that person.
Yeah, that's very true. Very true.
For business owners that have a group or have started a group already, and they have a business page, where do you recommend that they're sharing their content? Are they further ahead to share it on the page, or they further had to share in the group, or is there different type of content that they would share on one versus the other?
That is a great question, and I love that question because it's all about becoming valuable to the audience. Whether they're a paying client yet or not, if somebody is going to come to your page and like your page, you're going to have some kind of content coming out to them. A little later on, we'll probably talk about more of the advertising side. But the idea is, you're just giving them a little bit of value there. The idea of the group, in my opinion, is this is that VIP level, it's another level of commitment, that somebody's like, I'm going to join that group.
There's a different level between liking and joining, and when you join, you're expecting a different experience. You've got content that you might put out there, post, and it doesn't always have to be your own stuff. The idea is, your purpose is to be always on the outlook for what would be valuable to this audience? If you see somebody else had created a YouTube video, and you're like, this is great content, share it to that group, give some preamble in the post saying, here's what I love about this video, check it out. But the other side is, you want to have access to the people that are in there, and they want to have some kind of access to you.
What works really well in a business side is, say, I've got this group, we're going to post content on X, Y, and Z. But once a month, we're going to do a Facebook Live Q&A on whatever industry you're in. Throughout the time, you can promote it, and people can post questions, and you can go and do live videos in there. It becomes a different value set for those people that are joining it. What you'll also notice over time, is once you get to this certain level of users that are in there that are liking it, it'll take on its own life, where somebody will post a question, and before you even get to answering it, another user has given their feedback on it, and it really starts to have its own ecosystem.
[inaudible 00:22:54] Thank you.
That's great explanation of groups and how to use them. You also mentioned YouTube, and that's another scary place for a lot of people. Those that, certainly don't want to be on video, let's say, but how do you feel about YouTube as a viable marketing option for small businesses? It's been around a while now, there's tons and tons of videos, very easy for your stuff to get lost on YouTube. Talk to us a little bit about how your experience and your feelings about where YouTube might or might not fit in for a small business?
Absolutely. YouTube is ultimately a search engine owned by Google, and people go to YouTube to find videos that will help them do something. For me, a lot of times, if I'm buying a piece of technology, I'll go to YouTube and look for a review on that, and I'll believe the Joe Schmo down the road, who has a very on polished video who's telling me what his experience of this product is, over the brands one that's there. A lot of times, when you create a video for your business, you're not going in there to try to sell your service, you're going to provide information about you.
We have a client who for five years, she has done a video every week on a different home kitchen product or bath product, she has a home decor store. Never once in the five years has there ever been a video that says this is the price, this is on sale, come in and get it now. It was like hey, here's this product, this is what we love about it, and this is what our clients like about it as well. It has worked really well for her. So much so, that she skipped a week one time and people were angry that there wasn't a video coming out. But what you'll notice with YouTube is you don't have to have a large studio to create content.
Most people are carrying around enough they need to create a YouTube video in their pocket 24 hours a day, right? Probably not when they sleep, but it's beside the bed. But the idea is, you have a ton of knowledge. Whether you're an accountant, or you're a cake decorator or whatever, there is a skill, a knowledge that you have, that other people are looking to have answers to. You can put on a 30 second video, a three minute video, it doesn't matter, but the idea is you need to be doing it consistently. You're not going to put three videos up and suddenly your business is going to grow.
I've had my YouTube channel, I've got probably about 710 subscribers right now to it. But that has started to exponentially grow, the more videos I put on there. I'm in marketing, and the top performing video was me talking about a new audio board that I bought for doing podcasts, and I just said, "This is what I loved about it." There's like thousands of views, and every week there's questions, people are commenting, saying, "Can you help me… I can't get this to work, or that to work." I'm replying back to them, because I want to become a value point for people to like that channel.
If somebody is going to buy that, they may have a business, they may look at the other videos, I don't know. But the idea is I want to help people and put it out there. It doesn't always have to be around what your industry is.
Now, there are people who will create a YouTube channel on a specific topic, and that's what they want to do, and that's great too, but from a general business, the idea is really just how can you provide value to your audience?
I have a funny story to add to that, about the content doesn't need to revolve all around your business. We have a group for our industry, and I would do Facebook Lives, or we would do YouTube videos. Again, I was of the belief that okay, well, what am I going to say that's of value to the people? That someone's going to watch me they need to learn something, they need to have something of value. Then there was one day where I received a box of swag from someone.
I thought, okay, what the heck, I'm going to videotape and do a Facebook Live of me opening this box. It is by far the video that has had the most views, and all I'm doing is opening the box and taking out the things in the box and showing people the swag that I received, and it is one of the highest rated videos that we have. It absolutely does not have to always revolve around your content. That surprised me to no end.
One of the top types of videos that you'll see out there in YouTube are what are called unboxing videos. People want to… I don't know if it's the attraction to wanting to experience what it's like to open up something new. We've all bought technology, we had to peel that plastic coating off and that feeling of gratitude you get when you do that. The same thing when you open a box of something. It's like a present. That idea is taking people behind the scenes of your business so they can experience what you experience.
Yeah. Does that video have more views than mine, Juliet? I just thought our number one video was still the one where our team got to throw a cream pie in my face in the middle of winter.
Yeah, it might be second. I've got a lot of views as well.
Yeah. People love to see me get the cream pie in my face, I know. Podcasting, we've touched on that a little, and obviously, that's what we're doing right here. You have a podcast as well. Where do you see podcasting fitting in to a marketing program for a business?
Podcasting has gained a lot of headway in the marketplace in the last several years. You've got more and more directories and places to consume podcasts. It's now on Spotify, and you've got those smart devices and people are listening to audio in their car a lot more. Where I see a podcast really beneficial for a business is not as a means to advertise, but as a means to share your area of expertise and your knowledge.
There's different types of podcasts. There could be a solo podcast where you're just going on the microphone and you're talking on a single topic. I say single topic because people don't really want to sit down and listen to an hour long podcast, because they don't normally have that much time. When you look up a podcast you're looking through the names of the episodes and usually they're like, how to overcome this, or the three things you should do before this, those type of things.
You're like, well, that's what I want to know, I'm going to listen to it. You'd be surprised how many people judge whether they're going to listen to it by the length of that episode. In that 30 to 45 minutes is a good range for a podcast, if there's a lot of information that's in it. But I've seen some whether five minute episodes. But the idea is to get knowledge out there.
In my podcast that I created, it was called The Content Amplification Podcast, because I created this program of coaching clients to understand that you don't need to be shooting a video and then writing a blog and then doing a podcast. You can have one of those that you really want to do well, and we can split that out and amplify it by taking the audio from the video, turning it into a podcast, transcribing it, having 90% of that blog post be from that text, pulling out snippets for social media. You really have one level input with multiple streams of output in it.
When I started that podcast, it was all about just getting people under that mindset of thinking about it. How do you come up with topics was an episode. How do you do Facebook Live? Or what is the basic understanding of Facebook ads? All the different elements that I could teach people to understand how to do those things? It was until this second season where I started to now reach out to different entrepreneurs, industry professionals across the world and say, "Hey, I'd like to have you as a guest, because I want to hear how you're doing your content, because I want to share that with the audience." I transitioned it in the second season from solo show to an interview based show.
Excellent. Can you just repeat the name of your podcast so that our audience has it as well?
Yeah, it's The Content Amplification Podcast, and if you Google it, it will come up.
Awesome. Well, man, the time Is Flying by here. One thing I did want to touch on, I noticed in your bio, and you haven't mentioned this once while we were talking, but that you are a pyro technician.
Please tell us a little more about that. How did that come to be?
Well, since I was a kid, I was always fascinated with fireworks. Once I turned 19, I wanted to become certified to be able to be licensed to shoot them off. The government was putting on the program every year, and in our area, there was never 10 people to do it, so they'd always cancel it. It wasn't until about seven years ago, where I finally got to go to the course and took it and became a display fireworks technician. Going out and doing New Year's, Canada Day, all those shows, and then became a supervisor level. Then I went in took my pyrotechnic certification, so I could do theater for concerts, I did professional bull riding with pyro and everything like that.
It's just a labor of love and a passion for me. It's a good escape from it. There's a level of creativity and art where, you are in control of somebody's enjoyment of the show. There's nothing better than finishing a 12, 15 minute New Year's Eve show, and the last shell goes off and you hear horns and clapping and everything, and people are hooting and hollering. That is a huge level of gratification. Even though it took you seven hours in the freezing cold to set up that show, it was all worth it.
Love that.
Lovely. I've met lots and lots of people in my life who love fireworks, will drive anywhere for a firework show. But you're the first person… Yes, Juliet, but you're the first person I've met who was so enthralled with fireworks, you actually learned how to be the person who sets up the firework show. I think that's awesome.
Yeah. One thing to that, too, was the company that hires us, because we've become certified, and then we get hired by the company, actually has then used my services for marketing. So, it came two fold and worked out really well that way.
Absolutely. That's a true spirit of an entrepreneur, right?
You followed your passion and made a job out of it, so to speak.
Yeah. One topic before we… I know we're getting short on time that I think is very valuable to talk about briefly, is the idea of paid digital advertising. I hear that a lot where people are like, "Well, isn't Facebook free?" In reality, it is free as a user, but they're pulling back the reins on what you get from what we call organic posts. If you post you're going to notice not as many people are seeing it, they want you to pay to advertise, and that's okay. It is probably the better form of advertising than what I would consider traditional, like running a half page newspaper ad, where if the phone doesn't start to ring after that ad's printed, you can't do anything about it. But if you're running a Facebook ad for, let's say, $100 for seven days, and something's not resonating, you can turn it off, upload another image and try that. So, you're in complete control of it.
The biggest question I want to get out to your audience or the answer to the question is, where should I start? The first thing somebody should get set up is what we call a retargeting ad. That means if somebody has come to your website, and they leave it, and then they go on Facebook, there should be posts from your content from your showing up. We do that through retargeting.
It could be, just a video maybe of you talking about something and then a button to message you. Very basic, but the idea is make that connection.
That's great, great advice. I know Juliet is stopped constantly by retargeting ads, remember?
I actually find them challenging, especially around birthday times, because I'll be shopping online, and then all of my devices get stopped by these. So no one in my family can even look at any of my devices, because they'll know what I've been looking at. But they are very effective.
There's a lot of discussion out there about people thinking your phones are listening, and retargeting, and I'm here to tell you, that is absolutely true. If you do start to talk about a product around a smart device, you will start to see ads for it. I saw something really funny the other day and said, if you really want something from your spouse for your birthday, start talking about the product around their phones, because then they're going to start to see ads about it.
That's true, that actually that does happen?
Yeah. The latest update on iPhone has a little color on the top corner, where it's like a red or a green dot. Green, meaning the camera's being activated, and red dot is the actual microphone. If you are talking, it's always listening, especially if you've got your Siri or your Google turned on to be listening for you, it always has to be listening. They're actually indexing the stuff that you're saying.
Ah, yes, the world of digital marketing.
Myself, from a personal user standpoint, not the marketing side, I don't mind it, because it's actually helpful when I see content that's related to something that I've been discussing. Other people that don't have that feeling, I find it's very helpful that it's out there. From a marketing standpoint, I think it's awesome.
Yeah, that's great. Well, that brings us to the part of the show that we call the Smart Man, Smarter Woman version of James Lipton's actor studio, where we have six questions that we ask every guest, same questions, and always get some interesting answers.
I can't wait.
If you are ready, Shaun-
… put you on the hot seat for a couple of minutes and we will go through our questions.
All right, let's do it.
Question number one. What one word best defines an entrepreneur?
Resilient.
An electrician.
What profession would you like never to attempt?
Plumber.
What sound or noise do you love?
Okay. What book would you recommend every entrepreneur should read?
Probably the most recent one that I would recommend, looking over my bookshelf is one called Brand Scape.
Brand scape?
Okay, perfect. When your own entrepreneurial journey is completed, what do you hope your legacy is?
That I was always somebody that people could rely on.
Perfect. For those in our audience who would like to reach out and connect with you, Shaun, what is the best way for them to do that?
They can just do a Google search for Blue Cow Marketing. They can choose if they want to do Facebook, YouTube, my website, it's all there.
Okay. Perfect. Do you have any final thoughts you would like to share with our audience before we close the episode?
Just basically, that the digital landscape is always going to be changing. What we set out to do today, two months, three months, six months, is most likely going to change. If you're open to those type of changes, you will do well in what you're doing. Just be okay with the fact that you might try something that is not going to work. But you just don't do that again and try something else.
Okay, excellent. Juliet, do you have any final words for our audience?
I don't know, I spoke a lot more than I was planning to. I should probably just end off there rather than continuing on. So, I'll just turn it back to you, Steve.
Okay. Thank you, Juliet. That brings us to this episode's Words of Wisdom. I came across this quote, and it really made me think about websites and marketing, and how so many websites out there make the cardinal sin of making the website all about them, as opposed to how they solve problems for their audience. I came across this quote, and I thought, it fits just so perfectly with that. The quote is from someone by the name of Tim Williams, and it goes like this, "Clients don't care about the labor pains. They just want to see the baby."
I thought, yeah, that fits. Anyway, thank you for a great episode. Thank you very much, Shaun. Lots of great, great, helpful information there for our audience. Thank you again to my co-host. But most importantly, thank you to you, our audience for tuning in and giving us a listen. We sincerely hope you found some value here today. If you did, please subscribe, you can find us in all the regular places; iTunes, Spotify, or the website smartmansmarterwoman.com.
Thank you. Until next time, take good care of yourself and those that you love. Bye for now.