Around the world there are many teams working on uses of pomegranate peel for industrial, agricultural, food application, and human and veterinarian health care purposes. Much of it is organized in an initial draft along with links to some of my previous work on developing home recipes for personal use of pomegranate peel extract.
I will continue to work towards combining the previous information I've found and recipes and the new list of research references into one cohesive document, however in the interest of open research and advancing health and sustainability I'm sharing the initial draft now.
The health benefits have seemed like a miracle to me, sharing the good news in hope that it reaches more people is my goal.
Peel with water & coconut oil.
Extract for freezing, the coconut oil separates from the water based extract and floats on the surface once the liquid cools.
Update, 8/18/2018, for anyone interested in phytonutrient biochemistry or herbal medicinal foods: Wintergreen and wintergreen berries are also a natural source of a painkiller in the NSAID group – aspirin. The plant can also be a source of phytonutrients that activate TRPA1 channels which can affect fluid balance and other symptoms. Winterberries are in the cranberry family and have a minty flavor. They are in season currently and eating more of them seems to increase my symptoms of inflammation and swelling more than the pomegranate extract or pomegranate seeds. Having too many variables in an experiment makes it unclear which factor might be a cause or if both may be involved. Experimental method tries to narrow variables to one factor at a time. Stopping both pomegranate products and wintergreen berries helped but other symptoms got worse, adding pomegranate back to my diet didn't make the inflammation/swelling symptoms much different but more recently adding the wintergreen berries back into my diet did make the symptoms of lower leg inflammation/swelling and pain worse.
It helps to prop my feet when sitting or even lay down with my feet above my heart. I'm getting better at typing while laying down. Better mood and having feeling in my fingertips is worth it. There may some other health or diet issues affecting the leg swelling. Heart or kidney or vein problems can be a cause. (7) I do have vein problems and may have heart issues, which can be an increased risk with hyperthyroidism. Cutting back on salt, daily exercise, and elevating the lower legs above the level of the heart several times per day for a half an hour is recommended, wearing compression socks is also a recommendation and that makes me feel old. (7) Maybe 52 is old.
Lymphedema – lower leg swelling due to reduced drainage from vein problems may be the best fit for my personal history, and lack of stretching exercises lately may be part of the reason the problem has become worse lately. Physical therapists explain the problem and provide exercise, massage and compression wrapping suggestions in a free video available online. (8) The exercise routine is similar to what I generally do when I do stretching exercises – so that seems like a good habit to return to my daily schedule.
Lower leg swelling has been a symptom for me at various stages of previous ill health and with some other medications I've used in the past, but currently it does seem worse when I use larger amounts of the pomegranate extract. One teaspoon a day helps with the stable mood and I haven't had numbness in my fingertips in months with the ongoing daily use of pomegranate extract in larger amounts, 2-3 tablespoons was typical. I stopped use of it altogether when the leg swelling became a problem to see if the swelling would get better but the mood symptoms got worse again after having seemed fine for quite a while – quite a while while using pomegranate extract daily and the leg swelling didn't get a lot better. Being not well is unpleasant and some side effects can be better than being unwell.
Breast cancer treatments currently may cause hair loss, severe vomiting and may leave the patient with cognitive decline afterwards, and pomegranate extract doesn't cause any of those symptoms in the amounts that I've tried. It is a diuretic and causes increased urination which I cope with by drinking extra fluids and using the pomegranate extract early in the day rather than at night. I may be preventing breast cancer tumor development (4) while drinking extra fluid and urinating in increased amounts – getting old isn't great but the alternative isn't better. I may go buy my first pair of compression socks and feel young at heart if not in body.
Industry math – one pomegranate peel makes about six cups of extract by my method which would provide 288 teaspoons/96 tablespoons. It may have improved somewhat but the worsening in mood was more obvious. From an industry perspective getting 288 servings of a mood and nerve treatment from one pomegranate peel seems like it could be profitable. Dehydrating one teaspoon into a capsule serving also seems possible. Side effects with psychiatric medications are unfortunately common and can include swelling/edema of the lower legs or more severe edema including facial edema.
Shukla, Meenakshi & Gupta, Kalpana & Rasheed, Zafar & A Khan, Khursheed & Haqqi, Tariq. (2008). Bioavailable constituents/metabolites of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) preferentially inhibit COX-II activity ex vivo and IL-1beta-induced PGE2 production in human chondrocytes in vitro. Journal of inflammation (London, England). 5. 9. 10.1186/1476-9255-5-9.
Jean Y. Park, Michael H. Pillinger, Steven B. Abramson, Prostaglandin E2 synthesis and secretion: The role of PGE2 synthases, Clinical Immunology, Vol 119, Iss 3, 2006, pp 229-240, ISSN 1521-6616, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2006.01.016.
The influence of pomegranate fruit extract in comparison to regular pomegranate juice and seed oil on nitric oxide and arterial function in obese Zucker rats, Nitric Oxide, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2007, pp 50-54, ISSN 1089-8603, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2007.04.005.
For ease of use, a summary of the links and information available about health benefits of pomegranate seeds, juice and peel; serving size information that is based on animal based research studies and my own use of different pomegranate ingredients; and a concise recipe for the pomegranate peel extract recipe that I've developed.
Additional note: Pomegranate peel powder is available in a 10 ounce package. (Esutras Organics brand) The amount of the extract from my recipe (one tablespoon) that I use daily for anxiety/mood stability and to reduce finger numbness would be equivalent roughly to 375 milligrams of powdered pomegranate peel (375 mg ~ less than a 1/8th teaspoon, a small size capsule). The company ad suggests using it in soups or sauces, for optimal medicinal benefits I would suggest adding it only at the end of the cooking time. Overheating the extract seems to reduce some of the symptom relief that it provides for me.
This study uses a pomegranate extract that incorporates the peel, seeds and juice as all contain the bioactive phytonutrient, punicalagin, thought to be most helpful for anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-diabetic effects. The animals who received the extract were found to have better blood pressure, reduced heart hypertrophy ( a sign of worse heart health) and a lower heart rate. Neuronal/nerve cell activity and oxidative stress markers were decreased in the experimental treatment group compared to the control group which received a saline solution and no pomegranate extract.
Animal based research used a range of 1 – 10 grams/kilogram for 8 weeks was found to be beneficial for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (6); which for a human sized person might be equivalent to a a quarter to a half cup to a couple cups per day. (See this post for more details) The larger dose would likely be most beneficial used in smaller amounts throughout the day or in a couple portions. For example: Half a cup per day might be used for someone who is less ill and someone with more severe illness or genetic needs such as myself (I can't make phospholipids and the pomegranate seeds and peel are a source) might use up to a half a cup every three to four hours throughout the hours spent awake – or whatever helped the symptoms. If every cell of the body needs the substances, every hour of the twenty-four, then one dose one time per day might leave the body under-treated for most of the 24 hours and only relieve symptoms for a few hours. The peel extract has a diuretic effect so using it earlier in the day and having a few extra glasses of water is mentioned in more detail later in this section.
If I have pomegranate extract on hand I use a few tablespoons to about 1/3 cup per day and find it even more beneficial for relieving symptoms of anxiety or nerve numbness. However it has a diuretic effect so it is better to use it earlier in the day rather than at dinnertime and to have plenty of water or other water based beverages early in the day so sleep isn't interrupted with a need to relieve the bladder. It is important to drink a little extra water or the urge to urinate can be painful and produce little flow. The body removes acidity by making a more concentrated urine – so add water yourself or a dilute juice or herbal tea and the kidneys will also be removing other toxins too which may increase health benefits.
A spice commonly used in Middle Eastern cooking and readily available at Middle Eastern grocery market may provide some similar health benefits to pomegranate. It is a dried powdered form of Sumac that has a lemony flavor. it is typically sprinkled on food individually at the table alone or in a mix with salt or with a few other spices and sesame seeds in a mixture called za'atar (link). I have found that using more than a half teaspoon can cause the diuretic effect similar to the pomegranate extract's effects. Studies on health benefits of Sumac have found benefit for a number of inflammatory conditions so using some in small amounts daily may have preventative health benefits against oxidative stress.
Coconut oil floats to the surface of the cooled extract, freezer containers. Use within 1-2 weeks fresh or freeze ~ 6 mo..
Rinse the pomegranates before separating the seeds from the peel. Cutting the rind about a quarter inch deep in six sections can make it easier to open and remove the seeds. Save the juicy seeds for use fresh or place in a freezer container and store in the freezer for later use. Trim the peel to remove any spoiled or discolored spots on the outer peel or inner membranes. Discard. Rinse the remaining peel and chop into quarter to half inch sections.
In a soup or stock pot place the chopped peel, water and coconut oil and bring to a gentle simmer and turn down the heat to continue at a gentle simmer. Try not to reach a vigorous boiling point. Simmer the mixture for 20-30 minutes while stirring occasionally to prevent the fibrous slightly sweet membrane particles from sticking to the pan.
Remove from heat and strain the liquid into another large pan or bowl. The peel and membrane fiber is pulpy and can be rinsed with additional water to increase yield of the pulpy extract. Add one cup warm water and stir and strain the pulp and then add another one cup warm water, stir and strain, and maybe one or two more cups until the liquid seems more water like instead of a slightly thickened pale pinkish or creamy yellow color.
Store the pomegranate extract in the refrigerator if it will be used in other recipes within a few days or freeze the excess in small containers for gradual use.
It is very acidic and using a couple spoonfuls per day added to a soup or salad in place of lemon juice or vinegar can be a tasty way to use it. Diluting a few spoonfuls to 1/3 cup with an additional 2/3 cup of water or regular juice of some sort and adding a pinch of baking soda can make it tolerable as a beverage. One third cup per day should provide adequate health benefits for someone using it for that purpose.
Repeat the above steps using pomegranate peel and membrane that had been prepared and diced into 1/4-1/2 inch sections and dehydrated for long term storage – planning ahead for when pomegranates were no longer in season. One pomegranate peel/membrane produced approximately 30 grams of dried peel and which measured at slightly less than a 1/2 cup of dried pieces loosely packed. Per one pomegranate amount of peel simmer with one tablespoon of coconut oil and 2 cups of water, about 20-30 minutes on low heat. After straining the heated peel I rinsed the peel with two cups of water poured over it gradually while stirring. The yield was three cups of pomegranate extract.
Add the Cardamom and Gumbo File to the Pomegranate Extract and stir well to break apart any dry lumps of the powdered spices. The Gumbo File acts as an emulsifier and is a digestive aid and the Cardamom adds flavor, phytonutrients and would help alkalize the mixture in addition to the alkalizing power of the Baking Soda.
Add the Baking Soda and stir. Remove the mixture from the heat and keep stirring. It will froth up and stirring helps keep it from frothing over the top of the pan. The color changes from pinkish to brown from the Cardamom spice.
To drink as a beverage dilute with equal parts water to Pomegranate Extract.


Atlanta's public radio station WABE (90.1 FM) will have a segment on the Mad Housers on their "City Cafe" program, which runs from noon 'til one, this upcoming Monday, December 5. Give it a listen!
Yesterday, a team of us went out to see a cluster of small camps in a south Atlanta suburb, to make a few repairs and ensure that people would be able to weather winter safely. While out there, we saw two recently built structures with easy-to-make construction flaws, the types of things that can happen when you're inexperienced or you're moving too fast and get sloppy.
I'm not showing these to shame the folks who built them; in each case, there's a way to correct the errors, and we'll go over them. Instead, these mistakes illustrate two important principles: first, that minor mistakes can have major consequences; and second, that minimal design can give you the flexibility to adapt your structure to its environment and recover from mistakes easily.
Mistake one: forgot the insulation.
Our Low Rider shelters are to small to put a heating source in safely, so the sleeping units are built with rigid insulation incorporated into the panels. However, one Low Rider deployed into the field was built by students and didn't have the insulation. As a result, the client is looking at a winter sheltered only by 3/8" plywood walls with no heat source.
These days, our insulated panels are built stud-insulation-plywood - the insulation is faces the client, nailed into place between the plywood and the lumber. We wrap the client-facing side of the fragile insulation with house wrap to protect it from being shredded accidentally by the client.
There's nothing wrong with this approach, it's just heavier and more expensive. In fact, for colder climates, it's probably a more suitable solution, since you'd be able to work with thicker sheets of insulation more easily. But for Atlanta, moving the insulation inside made sense. For this particular Low Rider, however, we'll be bringing out rigid insulation and additional ply to jacket up the client's Low Rider. Problem solved!
Another structure, a hi-hat, had its roof on backwards. What's that, you say? How can a roof be put on backwards?


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It's been one year since I had my first ThetaHealing session, and I'm so grateful to have this powerful energy healing technique in my life. I can't recommend it enough. After my first private session with a wonderful ThetaHealer while visiting New York (I mentioned my experience in my NYC travel diary), I continued having weekly sessions over Skype.
In March, I became certified so I can use the technique on myself and loved ones. I still find it extremely beneficial to hire a professional ThetaHealer for deeper issues so I continue to have private sessions every two weeks.
I've been getting more questions about ThetaHealing lately, so I thought it would be helpful to write about what it is and my personal experiences as a client for anyone curious and interested.
Still pretty vague, right? If I hadn't heard about ThetaHealing through trusted friends, I wouldn't have gotten into this. After my first session, I still wasn't clear how this worked. All I knew was it felt like a therapy session, except the ThetaHealer actually fixes the problem by replacing your negative beliefs with positive ones—instantly.
Now that I've had a year's worth of experience, let me break it down for you in more detail.
ThetaHealing was developed by Vianna Stibal in 1995. You can read in her first book how it was developed it and how she used the technique to heal herself and her clients. Now ThetaHealing is used around the world to heal physical pain, release emotional trauma, break negative beliefs and patterns, and much more.
The Theta state is a deep state of relaxation, with slower brainwaves. An example would be the moments before you fall asleep. In a session, the ThetaHealer will bring the client to a Theta state through a quick meditation. While in this state, your subconscious truths will emerge more easily so the practitioner can identify your limiting belief programs and clear them.
The Theta state is where we connect with the creator, the energy of pure love. The ThetaHealer does not actually do the healing. They have the important role of facilitating the session and witnessing the creator's energy do the healing. ThetaHealers will ask you questions while also listening for any messages from the creator.
What makes ThetaHealing's results lasting and effective is a process called Digging. If you come in with one issue, the ThetaHealer will ask you a series of questions to get to the root of the issue. If only the surface belief is healed, the root issue is still there, and the negative belief might even return.
Imagine a Jenga stack. If you remove the top block, the structure—the root issue—stays in tact. But if you pull out the bottom piece, the whole stack falls away. The digging process saves time because once the root belief is healed, the related issues, including the surface-level issue you came in with, goes away as well. What's interesting is that the surface issue and the root issue may not logically seem related to each other, and only through digging we uncover how it does.
The ThetaHealer is trained to know what questions to ask to get to the bottom belief. Sometimes they won't need to ask many because they also receive insights from the creator.
Watch this video from a UK ThetaHealer for an example of a simple private session. The client came in with one issue: knee pain she had for ten years. They uncover her bottom belief to be "I am a mistake," passed down in her DNA by one of her ancestors. Another underlying issue is the pressure of not knowing which direction in life to pursue. Once these issues are cleared, her knee pain goes away too.
If a healer simply sent healing to her knees, the pain might return because she wouldn't have dealt with the root issues that were causing it.
You might have noticed from the video that the ThetaHealer tested the beliefs of the client by pulling her fingers apart. Her fingers stay closed for "yes" answers, and they open on "no" answers. If you're familiar with other types of energy healing work, you might have heard of muscle testing.
Muscle testing, also known as applied kinesiology, is a way to test your subconscious. ThetaHealing uses muscle testing to test for belief programs in a client so the ego is not in the way. Muscles stay strong for "Yes" and become weaker for "No".
There are quite a number of ways to muscle test. This video gives you 7 ways. Personally, I find the body sway test to be the most reliable, especially when I don't have another person helping me test.
I caution not to drive yourself crazy muscle testing on your own. Muscle testing is only used to test your subconscious beliefs, and they are not facts. For example, you might test yes for "I am fat and ugly," when you are perfectly healthy and attractive. The statement may currently be true for you, but it is not fact.
Interestingly enough, using specific words matter when testing. Take the statements "life is hard," and "life is difficult." They have more or less the same meaning, but someone can test yes to the first statement and no to the second. Why? Words can have different nuanced meaning for different people.
Do not muscle test yourself for future predictions or for what other people are thinking or doing, such as, "will I get that job?" or "Is my boyfriend cheating on me?" It does not work for anything other than revealing your own subconscious beliefs, so again, don't drive yourself crazy. To be on the safe side, I only recommend muscle testing if you have the help of a professional.
In a Theta session, muscle testing is mainly for the benefit of you, the client. You might not even know—or believe—you have certain beliefs until you muscle test. If you're having trouble muscle testing for some reason, don't worry. An experienced ThetaHealer will know what to do to help you.
Is Theta Healing right for you?
ThetaHealing can remove self-sabotaging patterns, release anger and trauma from various types of abuse, heal physical pain and diseases, and much more.
You can be of any religion or background to use ThetaHealing, as long as you believe in a higher power, a creator, God, Divinity, or whatever you want to call Source.
In the ThetaHealing command, we say "Creator of All That Is." If a client is more comfortable using "Jesus," "Buddha," "Goddess," etc., instead, that can easily be done.
The client's root issue may be attributed to genetic beliefs or beliefs carried over from past lives, so being open to reincarnation is also recommended.
Being open to energy healing in general would make it easier for the ThetaHealer to intuitively read and help you. If you are only going to the session because someone said it would be good for you but you don't want to take a deep look at your issues and you don't want another person reading your energy, you are not going to get as much out of the session as someone who is open.
Yes, ThetaHealing is safe. All certified ThetaHealers follow a code of ethics. They cannot even give you a positive belief until you give them verbal permission to do so. You have free will; they can only work on the issues you want to work on. If you want to stop a session or change the topic to something else, you are more than allowed to do so. The energy used is that of the creator, which is pure love. ThetaHealing helps you better connect to yourself.
ThetaHealing is not meant to replace conventional medicine. They may work in conjunction with each other. Unless a ThetaHealer is also a doctor, there may be instances when she may see something in a client's body but not know what she's seeing, so she may refer you to a doctor to get it checked. Conversely, a doctor may be able to diagnose and treat a client's physical symptom, but not know what is causing it. ThetaHealing sessions would help unearth emotional issues, life events, or anything else that may have caused or contributed to the problem.
ThetaHealing is such a word of mouth modality that I found my practitioners through the recommendations of friends. The first person I worked with is from ThetaHealing NYC. After I got certified myself, I've been working with local ThetaHealers who also taught me the courses.
If you can't find one near where you live, a Skype or phone appointment is just as good. I've only had one in-person session. The rest has all been through Skype.
The appointments are usually an hour long. Fees are usually around $100-$140 an hour. Some may charge more or less. For me, the sessions have been worth every penny. Many offer free consultations so you can get a feel whether you and the practitioner will be a good fit.
I would say that if you are not having a breakthrough from even the first session, look for a new ThetaHealer. I've been lucky enough to work with talented practitioners and I always come away from each session absolutely amazed at the revelations I uncovered about myself.
I always knew belief work was powerful, but I felt that some of my negative beliefs were so deeply rooted—and I didn't know why. No amount of repeating positive mantras seemed to help for certain issues.
For weeks before I heard of ThetaHealing, I was really asking the creator for help. I felt certain things within me were holding me back, and I couldn't pinpoint the source of these patterns.
Through other students in my spiritual community, first I discovered other energy healing modalities (I'll write about them too in future posts), which helped. I still felt I needed to go deeper, so when I tried ThetaHealing, it really clicked for me.
This technique has helped me eliminate chronic physical pain, remove fears, blockages, and negative patterns in my work and relationships, and increase self-confidence. I have no more hangups about my body, I feel so much more comfortable in my own skin.
In Theta, we work on the 3 R's—Rejection, Resentment and Regret. We release the pain, shock and trauma we experience from the painful situations, while solidifying the lessons we learned from them.
Now, whenever another person or situation triggers a negative reaction in me, I write them down on a list and resolve them in my next Theta session. I'm actually glad when someone or a situation annoys me these days because they're triggering something within me I need to deal with and learn from.
If ThetaHealing works instantly, why doesn't everyone use it?
Well, if you've read this far, I'm impressed because not everybody is open to something like ThetaHealing.
Not everyone wants to go deep and look at their own garbage. They might be too afraid to "open that can of worms," as one friend told me. It may be easier to live with—or bury—the pain or anger rather than talk about past traumatic events.
Some people lie to themselves by pretending everything is fine. Some don't think they have that many issues to work on. Some may want to resolve their issues the hard way, by going through similar situations over and over until they finally get it. They don't believe there's an easier way. Many simply do not believe this works.
So while ThetaHealing sounds easy, the real challenge is to have the desire to find out what is wrong. Not everyone wants to do this, but the solutions are there for those who really ask.
Some may have Theta sessions a couple of times to heal a certain issue and they're satisfied. That's perfectly fine too. I love having regular sessions because I don't want anything holding me back from living my best life. I love how much lighter I feel after each session. I always want to remove any fears and blockages that emerge as quickly as possible.
Once we're able to clear the garbage within ourselves, we are free to fulfill our purpose and help others.


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IP Legal Freebies Blog
A few tips for musicians, authors, artists and entrepreneurs on managing copyright, trademark and intellectual property [Please note, that the posts on this blog do not constitute legal advice] Attorney Advertising.
About the Author: Vanessa Kaster
Category Archives: *MUSIC SAMPLING
Copyright: composing new music intertwined with Schubert fragments Reply
*C O P Y R I G H T*, *Copyright: Music, *Copyright: Originality, *MUSIC SAMPLING, *Public Domain, *Vanessa Kaster
Copyright automatically vests in original music compositions. Originality is key to copyright and the music composed by Maestro Luciano Berio to complete an unfinished symphony, in D major, by Schubert is a fantastic work that offers an interesting opportunity to take a closer look at copyright, copyrightable works and the public domain.
Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828) was a prolific composer who composed numerous masterpieces including sketches of a symphony, in D major, that would have been his 10th symphony. Schubert died before completing the symphony and left behind the sketches of the unfinished piece, including notes on instrumentation, which are in the public domain and free to use, copy, perform and create derivative works of.
Over a century later, the maestro and composer Luciano Berio (1925-2003) undertook the task of completing Schubert's unfinished symphony. Berio composed original music that weaves together Schubert's sketches into a completed work that can be performed and enjoyed by us all. (Berio referred to his work as "the cement-work"). Back to our copyright analysis… Berio's original composition that pieces together Schubert's sketches is copyrightable because it is an original music composition. Because Berio's music is copyrighted, permission is required to use, copy, perform and create derivative work of his work. (…Schubert's sketches are still fair game).
Berio has been praised for completing Schubert's composition (titled Rendering) in a style and manner that sounds "Schubertian". (Listen: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-76EhKzEsPM&feature=related)
See also: Conductor David Robertson talks about Schubert & Berio's Rendering: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NfoOAm7Fvo; a US copyright registration for a sound recording of Rendering; http://www.bachtrack.com/review-mostly-mozart-festival-2012-malkki-berio-rendering-ohlsson-beethoven; http://composers21.com/compdocs/beriol.htm; http://www.classicalarchives.com/composer/3308.html#tvf=tracks&tv=about;iplegalfreebies and www.kasterlegal.com.
BY: Vanessa Kaster, Esq., LL.M.
vk@kasterlegal.com
Works in the Public Domain are FREE to use Reply
*C O P Y R I G H T*, *Copyright: Music, *Copyright: Permissions, *MUSIC SAMPLING, *Public Domain, *Vanessa Kaster
Music and other published works that are in the Public Domain are free to use; since, they are not under copyright protection and therefore do not require any permissions from the author (or former copyright owner) to be used. Works that are in the public domain are free for the taking, sampling, using, copying, reproducing, recording and distributing.
Typically, works in the Public Domain are very old works. For example, ancient published texts like the "Bhagavad Gita" (a pre-Christian, Sanskrit text) are in the public domain…. as well as "newer-old-works" like the Shaker song "Simple Gifts" (music and lyrics written in the United States in the mid 1800's). The original text, music and lyrics of the works are in the public domain. However, newer translations or compositions based on the original works… as well as sound recordings and arrangement elements of these newer versions are likely covered by copyright protection…. and NOT in the public domain.
What works are in the public domain? Any work or musical score that was published in the United States before 1923 is in the public domain, due to expiration of copyright. Newer works can also be dedicated to the public domain and if a work failed to meet the requirements for copyright protection it will also be in the public domain. Generally, a case by case analysis should to be done on works published in 1923 or later to determine if they are in the public domain because, it's not always obvious. [Would you have guessed that the Happy Birthday Song is still covered by copyright protection… and not in the public domain?]
Keep in mind that copyright duration and the timeline for works entering the public domain vary country by country.
See also: http://www.copyright.gov, http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/; @iplegalfreebies and www.kasterlegal.com.
Three Myths About Music Sampling Reply
*C O P Y R I G H T*, *Copyright: Music, *Copyright: Permissions, *MUSIC SAMPLING, *Vanessa Kaster
MYTH: sampling less than 6 seconds of someone else's music is okay
MYTH: sampling less than 5 words of someone else's lyrics is okay
MYTH: sampling from a church group is okay
ALL THREE OF THESE STATEMENTS ARE MYTHS. None of these instances are an automatic green light when it comes to sampling someone else's music without permission.
[For more on Music Sampling see —> http://wp.me/p10nNq-3A ]
Music Sampling: a few Do's and Don'ts 6
Music Sampling is the act of incorporating bits of someone else's musical score or sound recording into your own music. Music Sampling becomes risky business when it's done without proper authorization and licenses. To further complicate things, musicians and composers often view sampling as a logical progression in the music composition process; and often ignore the formalities and laws that regulate sampling.
Here are a few basic Do's and Don'ts of music sampling.
IT'S OK TO: sample from the song White Christmas (original score) because it in the public domain.
IT'S NOT OK: to sample from Frank Sinatra's sound recordings of the song White Christmas because these are not in the public domain.
IT'S NOT OK: to sample 'arrangement elements' of Frank Sinatra's sound recordings of the song White Christmas because the sound recordings are not in the public domain.
The common theme of these three examples is whether or not the sampled music is in the public domain. The public domain is the land of 'free public property' and music that is in the public domain is free for the taking, sampling, using, reproducing, or distributing.
What music is in the public domain? Any musical score that was published in the US before 1923 is in the public domain, due to expiration of copyright. There are also newer musical scores in the public domain too, but a case by case analysis needs to be done on scores published in 1923 or later to determine if they are in the public domain and free for sampling. A significant, but easily overlooked detail, is that almost all sound recordings are 'new enough' to still be under copyright protection (this includes bit and pieces of the sound recording as well as arrangement elements) and hence are not necessarily free for sampling.
vk@kasterlegal.com.
What do you do if someone is using your stuff on MySpace or YouTube? Reply
*C O P Y R I G H T*, *Cease & Desist Letter, *Copyright: Graffiti, *Copyright: Music, *Copyright: Permissions, *Copyright: Photos, *Copyright: Quotes, *Copyright: Website, *MUSIC SAMPLING, *Photo: Infringers, *Vanessa Kaster
If you discover that your stuff is being used by someone else on their website, MySpace page or YouTube posting.. More…
By: Vanessa Kaster, Esq.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am a country-twang gal from the bluegrass state. Kentucky is a hot bed of horses, cave systems, and whiskey. And I love all three. With my pugs and bossy kitty cat, I spend my days writing and working social media. I write with the help of the voices pushing me to create worlds for them to live in. Fantasy Romance, Contemporary Romance, and eventually some cowboys (because cowboys live in a group all there own, yummmm) are the genres that I love best.
In 2005, a serious case of Multiple Sclerosis ended my higher education as I strived to finish my mathematics degree, wiping away all my beautiful numbers and a large portion of artistic talents that I had taken for granted most of my life. After a few years, my beautiful words started to come back to me. Filling my days and nights with imagined worlds helped me to cope with my newfound reality. I am currently working with Mary (my publisher) at http://gonewritingpublishing.blogspot.com/ Each day I find that getting sick has helped me to find my passion.


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Most important elements of easy-to-learn hard-to-master? [closed]
I'm researching the logic necessary for an internally-consistent rule system that is easy to learn, but has enough complexity/subtleties that it keeps someone coming back and striving towards mastery.
In my case, I'm creating a video game magic system, but the core elements of game logic/rulemaking are much more applicable to a card game creator.
Question: Other than a crapload of playtesting, what logical/rulemaking elements should always/almost always exist in an internally-balanced game such that there are few barriers to entry, but many barriers to full mastery?
game-design mechanics balance
CarduusCarduus
That is going to vary a lot from game to game
– Joe W
Make sure that single actions can have multiple different outcomes depending on how and when they are used
Strategic complexity is created when a player has multiple mutually exclusive actions* they can take which could all theoretically lead to victory, and the player has to figure out which one is the best. The more plausible options they have, the more complex the game.
The flip side is that learning complexity the number of different types of actions a player has to remember, and how many effects each action has.
The solution is to give the player fewer different actions, but to make those actions contextual. In chess, the only thing you can do with a pawn is move it forward (okay, or forward at a diagonal). But that action can be used to threaten your opponent's pieces, or defend your own, or block off movement avenues, depending on where the other pieces are on the board.
In Go, there is precisely one action a player can take. Every turn you will place one of your pieces. But there's over a hundred different places you can play your piece, and each location will affect the game differently.
Not every action has to be contextual (in particular, drawing cards is a vital part of most card games, and most of the time it's pretty much the same no matter how or when you do it.) But the majority of your actions should be capable of affecting the game in multiple ways.
Reward strategic planning, but don't penalize its lack
Nothing is worse for a new player than to get halfway through the game and realizing that none of the actions they've taken so far actually bring them closer to victory, because they failed to take some specific action earlier in the game which they didn't realize at the time was necessary to make their strategy successful.
In Settlers of Catan (possibly the most iconic gateway game), there are only four different things you can spend your resources on. Each one brings you closer to victory. Now, some are better at it then others, but even if you've spent your entire game building roads, you can get a few victory points out of it.
Obviously, you can't idiot-proof your game, and you shouldn't try. But the skill level of "I am not trying to plan at all, and instead just picking actions that look good" should lead to forward movement towards the goal.
*Sometimes the mutual exclusivity is only in the timing - you can do one and then the other, but not both that the same time. That still counts, if the timing matters.
Arcanist LupusArcanist Lupus
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged game-design mechanics balance or ask your own question.
How to deal with being a 'dungeon master' and the other players finding the missions too hard?


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Spacecom – estoński przewoźnik kolejowy
 Spacecom – izraelski operator satelitów telekomunikacyjnych
 Space.com – anglojęzyczny portal internetowy poświęcony astronomii i kosmosowi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: mod_rewrite - modify URL and continue with processing This is excerpt from my .htaccess:
RewriteRule ^([0-9]+)x([0-9]+)$ images/$1x$2.png

# front controller
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule !\.(pdf|js|ico|gif|jpg|css|rar|zip|tar\.gz)$ index.php [L]

What I am trying to achieve: When user goes to URL example.com/200x100, I want to internally rewrite the URL to example.com/images/200x100.png, so the application (front controller) sees the REQUEST_URI as /images/200x100.png, not just 200x100. If the file /images/200x100.png exists, the application should not be launched at all.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sometimes a marine aquarium is broken down as the aquarist no longer wishes to keep one and is to sell it. This is quite sad really but of course there's more than one reason why this should happen. Sometimes though an aquarium needs to be broken down when the aquarist is still fully interested and doesn't really wish to carry out such a drastic action.
Breaking an aquarium down means removing all the parts, cleaning and then reassembling them after removing dirt from below the rocks and any sand. As said, it's a drastic action and causes considerable stress to the aquarium inhabitants and to the aquarist. The aquarium could be a reef type which has been running for years and is beautiful. Why on earth should it be broken down, why not let it continue?
Routine maintenance of an aquarium is accepted as essential. Without it the aquarium display will deteriorate and the inhabitants will eventually start to exhibit signs of stress, a major one being disease. In some aquariums dirt accumulates which cannot be dealt with without disturbing the overall display. We all recognize dirt which gathers in some areas where the seawater flow could be low and it also appears in sand. It also tends to appear beneath rocks. Normally the aquarist siphons it out when doing a routine seawater change and if there is more than one area to be serviced then each one is done in turn. This usually keeps things acceptable.
It is quite easy to avoid dirt appearing beneath the rock structure by building a simple cleansing system into the design. It can be retrofitted of course but this will cause disruption to the display. All that is required is some marine quality flexible and rigid tube, pipe fittings plus some aquarium silicone. The final item is some plastic 'egg crate', which is sold in sheets and is made up of joined together fairly small squares.
First of all the base area of the aquarium needs to be measured. The 'egg crate' should be sized to, say, 2" smaller than the visible edges, that is 2" away from the viewing glass sides. When this has been achieved, rigid plastic pipe (1/2" or so diameter) should be cut about 1 1/4" long. All the pieces should be of equal length. Enough of these should be cut to support the 'egg crate' at about 3 or 4" spacing all along the edges and on the inside. For each 3 ft of aquarium length ensure that there is space to lay across the width of the aquarium a length of rigid pipe. These cut supports should be put in position and filled with silicone, this is to ensure they do not fill up with dirt and also anchors them in position. When the silicone is set, which usually takes around 24 hours, the 'egg crate' can be placed on top, this should not be siliconed in place.
Now more rigid plastic pipe is required, again about ½" diameter. This will be used as outlets for seawater that will be pumped under the crate. For each 3 ft of aquarium length cut a piece of pipe 1" shorter than the width of the 'egg crate'. At about 1 1/2" intervals drill 1/8" holes. There should be a level row of holes on one side of the pipe and on the exact other side and in line should be another row. One end of the pipe should be sealed off completely making sure the plug is firmly in place with silicone. So, for a 3ft length aquarium there should be one pipe, for a 6ft two etc. A 3ft aquarium will have the pipe positioned in the centre and across the width, with the holes positioned to send seawater horizontally across the base of the aquarium in two directions.
The 'egg crate' needs to be removed again, and the drilled pipe(s) put in position. Ensure the pipe is firmly in position so that it cannot move using silicone as needed. When the silicone has set connect a flexible pipe to it and run the pipe to the intended position of the pump. Ensure the flexible pipe is securely fixed to the rigid pipe and cannot come loose. Now the 'egg crate' can be put back in place, but not glued as rocks will keep it immobile.
If all silicone is cured rocks can be placed on the 'egg crate' and once they are stable and acceptable in appearance the aquarium can take seawater. Heaters, circulation pumps and other support equipment can be fitted and turned on as required.
The finishing job is to fit the powerhead which will drive seawater under the rocks through the drilled pipe(s). The location has already been decided and so the procedure is straightforward. The pump needs to be sized of course. A guide for each length of rigid drilled pipe of around 12 to 15" is to allow about 1000 litres per hour. I use a pump of this size and it operates adequately. It is a very good idea to use foam on the intake of the powerhead as this will stop dirt getting to and possibly blocking the rigid pipe outlet holes. This foam should be cleaned under a tap weekly.
The DIY involved in fitting such a plate to support the rocks is very easy and the materials not expensive. The time involved could be as low as a bit more than one day and this is mainly to give time for the silicone to set.
It's obvious that if a DSB was to be incorporated in the main aquarium then this couldn't be done. It's best to have a DSB in a sump anyway. If a shallow decorative sand bed is required this is possible – fit an angled piece of plastic all around the open edges of the 'egg crate' to hold the sand back without spillage. The dimensions of the 'egg crate' could be adjusted to increase the sand bed width.
I removed a rock and took a not very good photo (above) showing the 'egg crate' in my aquarium. The photo at the head of the text shows some of my reef.
Pumping seawater under the rocks into a clear space has advantages. Oxygenated seawater enters the area and this also helps prevent temperature layering. The important advantage is in cleanliness as dirt is caught in the seawater movement and propelled away. My reef aquarium had the system built in from the start over 8 years ago and the bottom is nearly clear. There is a small accumulation of dirt at each end of the base furthest away from the outlet pipe but it's not a problem. It's certainly far better than having to break down the aquarium because the dirt problem had become unacceptable.
The first image used in this post is amazing. Is that your aquarium?
Yes it's my reef. It's over 8 years old now and, apart from a failed powerhead, I've not had any trouble (crossed fingers). I change the lights regularly (about 9 monthly) and do a partial seawater change fortnightly. Apart from water top-ups (not automated) and cleaning the glass plus the pleasurable feeding there's little to do. Main no rush maintenance (weekly) takes about 1 hour or so and top-ups and feeding perhaps 10 minutes daily.
I get a lot of pleasure from the aquarium.
I get a great deal of pleasure from my Marine Aquariums,nothing feels better than sitting back on a Saturday night and seeing the Fish & Corals come alive after I do my water changes.I have had problems with Phosphate and Nitrate but I seem to have it under control now with regular weekly water changes and the difference in the corals is fantastic not to mention my water readings.It feels great to sit back with a bottle of wine and see the benefits of regular maintence. FANTASIC !!!!
I know exactly what you mean – I prefer beer!
Hello everyone,I could use some advice,,I recently purchased a Cushion Coral which was out and very healthy,but since I bought it ,it just has stayed closed up.I thought I had it in the right position in the aquarium but it does not like anything I do for it.Water conditions are spot on.Any sugestions would be gratefully recieved as I do not want to loose it.That would be such a terrible thing.
I've tried to find 'Cushion Coral' in the references at my disposal but as expected couldn't. Common names are very unreliable and can be different depending on where you are. In addition a common name can cover more thane one coral – for example the common name 'finger coral' covers many of that general description. It's better to have the Latin name, so if the dealer or whoever the coral came from can supply this Google or another search engine should be able to trace and supply the coral's needs.
The seawater isn't the problem as you say it's very good. I don't know how long the coral has been in the aquarium but it's normal for a coral to close and the period closed varies. Unfortunately each time a coral is moved it is likely to 'sulk' a bit more, so the coral needs to be left alone for say a fortnight and wait for developments.
It sounds like a soft coral (I'm guessing) and so if you have powerful lights such as metal halides keep the coral in a more subdued lighting area. If you have strong currents then keep the coral in an area with more gentle flow. Doing this could prove helpful. In addition ensure the coral is not touching a neighbour as different corals can react badly to this – remember corals expand.
Try and get the proper Latin name though and you'll then be able to obtain much more precise advice about the way to successfully keep the coral.


First things first: Remember there are Three Phases to the low FODMAP diet!
The first phase is the 'low FODMAP restriction diet' – which should be followed for approximately 4 weeks, up to about 8-12 weeks maximum.
After this you enter phase two the 'reintroduction phase' which itself is split into 're-challenging FODMAPs' which tends to take 6-10 weeks and 'reintroducing FODMAPs' which is an ongoing process.
The third and final phase is being termed the 'maintenance phase'. Once you have reintroduced tolerated FODMAPs back into the diet most people follow an adapted intake of high FODMAP foods. This often leads to consumption of a modified FODMAP diet, which is a self-management process and diet to help maintain control of functional gut symptoms.
Most importantly when considering a low FODMAP diet (all three phases) ensure you have seen a medical professional to diagnose your gut symptoms. If you are not sure what investigations should have been completed for correct diagnoses read this article. Ideally the low FODMAP diet treatment should be completed under the supervision of a trained FODMAP dietitian and tailored to the individual.
The aim of re-challenging is to understand what individual FODMAPs trigger symptoms and at what portion sizes these individual FODMAPs trigger symptoms.
When re-challenging FODMAPs there are protocols and guidelines to follow which will help guide you through the process in a systematic way to ensure the results obtained are as accurate as possible. An example protocol for re-challenging is provided above and is taken from the book 'Re-challenging & Reintroducing FODMAPs – A self-help guide to the entire reintroduction phase of the low FODMAP diet'. There are alternative protocols which can be initiated and I discussed another protocol with Alana from 'A Little Bit Yummy' in a very useful article linked here.
The table above provides an example of the types of foods that only contain one type of FODMAP and so are suitable for re-challenging. I discuss this more in an article I wrote with Nicer Foods (now FODY Foods) entitled TOP TIPS TO GET YOU STARTED WHEN RE-CHALLENGING FODMAPS.
What you are trying to achieve when reintroducing FODMAPs is to work out how many foods containing FODMAPs you can consume before you go over your FODMAP threshold and start to trigger symptoms. Everyone will have their own FODMAP threshold. The thing to remember is unlike re-challenging where you test your tolerance levels to individual FODMAPs – when reintroducing you are testing how many multiple FODMAPs as well as the overall load of FODMAPs you can consume before you go over your FODMAP threshold and trigger symptoms.
For a full detailed explanation on re-challenging and reintroducing FODMAPs there is the first ever book dedicated to the entire reintroduction phase available on Amazon (Kindle & Paperback). There are difficulties in accessing current and reliable information on Reintroducing FODMAPs as I discussed in the linked article on the Food Maestro website and it is crucial this phase of the diet is done correctly to ensure unnecessary food restrictions are not continued long term. This best practice guide will walk you through reintroducing FODMAPs; including tables of all the suitable foods for re-challenging and which foods contain multiple FODMAPs, how to interpret your results along with case studies and an extensive FAQ on the difficulties of the reintroduction phase. For a continually updated and growing list of FAQ's on the reintroduction phase of the low FODMAP diet check out our FAQ page.
Visit www.reintroducingfodmaps.com for more information on the book and FODMAP Reintroduction and www.rmdietetic.com for further information on the low FODMAP diet and private dietetic consultations.


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Fact Tank
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7 facts about black Americans and the news media
Black adults stand out for their trust in local news organizations, and they are more likely to feel connected to their main source of news.
What Univision's milestone says about U.S. demographics
A Growing Share of Latinos Get Their News in English
The language of news media consumption is changing for Hispanics: a growing share of Latino adults are consuming news in English from television, print, radio and internet outlets, and a declining share are doing so in Spanish, according to survey findings from the Pew Research Center.
The State of the News Media 2013: Annual Report on American Journalism
In 2012, a continued erosion of news reporting resources converged with growing opportunities for those in politics, government agencies, companies and others to take their messages directly to the public.
African American News Sources: A Year of Turmoil and Opportunity
The story about how African American-oriented news media coped last year was a difficult one at best.
Arab-American Media
At a time of major news developments in the Middle East and North Africa, the Arab-American media's efforts to meet the demands of its audience have been complicated by declining ad revenue, new technology, and growing competition from Arab outlets in the Middle East and North Africa, according to a new PEJ study.
The State of the News Media 2012: An Annual Report on American Journalism
New research released in this report finds that mobile devices are adding to people's news consumption, strengthening the lure of traditional news brands and providing a boost to long-form journalism. Eight in ten who get news on smartphones or tablets, for instance, get news on conventional computers as well. People are taking advantage, in other words, of having easier access to news throughout the day – in their pocket, on their desks and in their laps.
Hispanic Media Faring Better than the Mainstream
Spanish-language media is an important tool for a U.S. Hispanic population that is increasingly bilingual and American-born. Is the Hispanic newspaper market experiencing the same issues as English-language papers? Why are networks like Univision growing so rapidly? Is radio still a dominant force in Spanish-language media? PEJ answers these and other questions in a new examination of the Hispanic Media landscape.
What's Next for the Ethnic Media?
While much of US news media endured shrinking audiences recently, ethnic media have seen growth. In our seventh roundtable discussion, industry analysts assess the growing clout of ethnic news outlets in the US as well as the formidable business challenges they face, including slowing industry growth.
Spanish Language TV Coverage of the 2004 Campaigns
The findings reported here are based on the most extensive study ever conducted of English and Spanish language network and local news coverage over the course of a campaign.
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Full Report (HTML)
(PDF, 77 pages)
Frank Rusco
Damage from the 2017 hurricanes caused the longest blackout in U.S. history in Puerto Rico. The island territory now faces the long, costly task of repairing and rebuilding its electricity grid. We found:
As of July 2019, federal agencies have not funded grid recovery projects there, in part because FEMA has not provided clear information on what sort of projects are eligible
Given local challenges and complexity of federal funding, enhanced coordination is needed to help implement the grid recovery plan and create a more resilient system
We recommended that FEMA provide clear written information on eligibility and enhance coordination.
Hurricane Maria Damaged Power Lines in Puerto Rico in November 2017
Fallen powerlines against a cloudy sky
This report features a new HTML format that GAO began piloting in 2018.
To provide feedback on this format, e-mail contact@gao.gov
For the Spanish translation of the highlights page for this document, see GAO-20-143.
Federal agencies can support long-term electricity grid recovery efforts in Puerto Rico through three primary roles—providing funding and technical assistance and coordinating among local and federal agencies. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) are the primary federal funding sources for grid recovery. The Department of Energy (DOE) can provide technical assistance to local and federal entities to support grid recovery efforts. In addition, FEMA is to coordinate federal capabilities to support and expedite recovery.
Damaged Power Lines in Puerto Rico in November 2017 after Hurricane Maria
As of July 2019, neither FEMA nor HUD had funded long-term grid recovery projects in Puerto Rico, but DOE had provided technical assistance. Progress on grid recovery efforts has been hindered in part because FEMA has not provided clear written information on what will be eligible for funding. For example, FEMA has new authorities to fund projects that enhance resilience and restore grid infrastructure to the latest industry standards, but FEMA has not defined resilience or specified what standards it will accept. Consequently, it is unclear which technologies and approaches are eligible for funding. According to FEMA, developing a policy to implement its new authorities created challenges for establishing clear guidance but FEMA officials believed they had reached an understanding with local entities through discussions and trainings. However, without clarification from FEMA, local entities do not have sufficient information to implement plans and risk spending resources developing projects that may not be eligible for funding. Also, the need for coordination among the numerous entities involved in grid recovery in Puerto Rico poses challenges, according to local and federal officials. FEMA is to lead the coordination of federal support for local agencies to achieve recovery goals, but has not established a mechanism that is working to facilitate coordination among the numerous entities involved in grid recovery. According to FEMA, coordination across federal leadership is occurring and agencies communicate directly with local entities. However, these efforts do not involve all federal and local entities and, given the unique situation, without a mechanism to enhance coordination among these entities, coordination challenges may continue to hinder progress.
In 2017, Hurricanes Irma and Maria damaged Puerto Rico's electricity grid, causing the longest blackout in U.S. history. It took roughly 11 months after the hurricanes for power to be restored to all of the customers with structures deemed safe for power restoration. Federal agencies, including FEMA, provided about $3.9 billion to help restore electricity service, which included temporary or partial repairs. Now that electricity service has been restored, local entities face the longer-term and more expensive task of grid recovery to more fully repair and rebuild the grid. Federal programs provide opportunities to incorporate resilience into disaster recovery efforts and the federal government has appropriated billions in funding to support electricity grid recovery in Puerto Rico.
GAO was asked to review the federal response to the 2017 hurricanes. This report (1) describes the role of federal agencies in supporting electricity grid recovery efforts in Puerto Rico; and (2) examines the status of federal support for grid recovery in Puerto Rico and challenges affecting progress on grid recovery efforts. GAO reviewed relevant laws, regulations, and federal policies for disaster recovery; and agency documents. GAO also interviewed federal and local officials and industry and stakeholder groups.
What GAO Recommends
GAO is making four recommendations, including that FEMA (1) provide clear written information in the form of policy, guidance, or regulations that clarifies how it will implement new authorities and (2) take steps to enhance coordination among local and federal entities. FEMA generally agreed with our recommendations.
For more information, contact Frank Rusco at (202) 512-3841 or ruscof@gao.gov.
Recommendations for Executive Action
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: The Administrator of FEMA should develop and provide clear written information in the form of policy, guidance, or regulations, as appropriate, to COR3 and PREPA that clarifies how FEMA will implement new authorities for the electricity grid recovery in Puerto Rico, including guidance on industry standards and defining resilience. (Recommendation 1)
Agency Affected: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Recommendation: The Secretary of HUD should establish time frames and a plan for publication of the grant process and requirements for CDBG-DR funding available for improvements to Puerto Rico's electricity grid. (Recommendation 2)
Agency Affected: Department of Housing and Urban Development
Recommendation: The Administrator of FEMA, in coordination with DOE, HUD, and other federal and local entities, should establish a mechanism, or take steps to improve existing mechanisms, for coordination among the multiple local and federal entities involved in grid recovery that facilitates decision-making and information sharing among local and federal agencies. (Recommendation 3)
Recommendation: The Administrator of FEMA, in coordination with DOE, should establish an interagency agreement to define roles and responsibilities to clarify how FEMA will consult with DOE in grid recovery planning, implementation, and decision-making. (Recommendation 4)
Explore the full database of GAO's Open Recommendations »


We invite you to attend one of our on-campus Transfer Visit Days to see if our distinctive academic programs, dynamic educational resources, and engaging student activities are the right fit for you! During the day, you'll get the opportunity to meet current students, hear from the Career Center, Housing, and Academic Advising, and take a campus tour.
Please note: this is NOT an orientation, but rather a chance to explore the university further.
If none of these Transfer Visit Day dates work for you, you are more than welcome to schedule a Campus Visit, which contains an information session, campus tour, and the opportunity to schedule an appointment with our Transfer Coordinator. Register for a Campus Visit here.
Transfer Visit Days occur one Friday each month. Select a date from the calendar below to reserve your spot for one of our Transfer Visit Days.


While immigrants helped build America, the topic of immigration is politically polarizing. Yet the creators of the show Fresh Off the Boat have joined forces with celebrities to remind people of the humans behind immigration. In the upcoming book Six Words Fresh Off the Boat, Mila Kunis contributed a story about immigration using only six words. And though her message is brief, it provides one example of the hope that immigration can bring.
Although she has been known in America since she was a teenager on That '70s Show, Kunis was actually born in Chernivtsi, which is now part of Ukraine. She immigrated to the U.S. when she was 7 years old through a religious-refugee visa because of the growing anti-Semitism occurring in the Soviet Union at the time, as she explained to Glamour. She only spoke Russian when she moved to Los Angeles, but she said in an episode of My Houzz that she had already adjusted to American life by the time she was 8.
So, obviously, Kunis knows a thing or two about immigration firsthand.
"A better life for our children."
Kunis' parents gave her and her brother a better life, and she's now passing that on to her two children with Ashton Kutcher — their daughter, Wyatt, and their son, Dimitri.
Other celebs with immigration stories have also contributed to the book, including Aziz Ansari, George Takei, Regina Spektor, and Jane Lynch. You can read their succinct and touching memoirs — along with Kunis' — when the book comes out September 5th, and be reminded of the humanity that goes along with immigration.


Life and Health Insurance Pre-License online course to get a license to sell insurance in Oregon. Premium Package.
Oregon General Insurance and Law: This course is an overview of the Oregon insurance system and explains general insurance terminology, types of insurers, and consumer disclosures. It also contains an overview of the Oregon insurance system and licensing regulation.
Oregon Life Insurance: This 20-hour course covers all required information for earning a life insurance producer license in Oregon. It covers the various types of life insurance classifications, term life and whole life policies, riders that can be attached to life insurance policies, underwriting, group life and annuities, and retirement plans.
Oregon Health Insurance: This 20-hour course covers all required information for earning a health insurance producer license in Oregon. It covers individual and group insurance, the various types of health plans offered by insurers, insurance provisions, dental insurance, disability insurance, and long-term care insurance.
Oregon Life Insurance Exam Prep: This online study guide has hundreds of questions regarding the topics covered in the Oregon Life Insurance course. At the end of the exam prep module is a test simulator that mimics the Oregon life insurance producer licensing exam, allowing you to test your knowledge during a 2-hour timed exam.
Oregon Health Insurance Exam Prep: This online study guide has hundreds of questions regarding the topics covered in the Oregon Health Insurance course. At the end of the exam prep module is a test simulator that mimics the Oregon health insurance producer licensing exam, allowing you to test your knowledge during a 2-hour timed exam.
This package of courses also includes video commentary from the instructor at the end of each chapter, helping you retain the key points you will need to remember to become a licensed insurance agent. This package includes a proactive instructor who will give feedback on your learning progress in addition to live instructor support by telephone and email. Another feature of this package is that it includes a student textbook of the Oregon Health Insurance course and the Oregon Life Insurance course.
Please see the course descriptions below for more information and to download the course syllabus.
For individual insurance courses and packages, see our insurance licensing course catalog here.
Each unit is further divided into chapters. At the end of each chapter a review exercise will test the student's comprehension of the chapter topic. At the end of the course a final examination will test the student's comprehension of the topics presented in all of the chapters. In order to demonstrate competency in each unit, the student will need to obtain a final examination score of 75% or better.
Upon enrollment, each student will be assigned a course instructor. Students are encouraged to contact their instructor whenever the student determines that such contact will be helpful to review or explain course content, procedures, or requirements. In addition, the instructor will review and, if determined necessary, comment on each quiz and final exam to assist the student in understanding course concepts.
This OnlineEd course may be completed by the student at the student's own pace. The student has 180 calendar days from the time of enrollment to complete the course.
With exception of instructor support offered by telephone and email, the course, its materials, and delivery system are entirely over the Internet. In order to be able to access and complete the course, the student only needs an Internet accessible computer. OnlineEd works with all modern web browsers and operating systems. The course may be read online, but can also be printed by the student.
If you have questions about whether or not you qualify for an insurance producer license, please contact the Division of Financial Regulation at (503) 947-7984.
This course will remain available to students for 180 days after purchase.
This course prepares students to meet the educational requirements to obtain a health insurance producer license in Oregon and is approved by the Oregon Division of Financial Regulation. As a part of its pre-license requirements, Oregon requires the completion of the study and mastery of nine topics. These nine topics are presented under the unit headings below.
Each unit is further divided into chapters. At the end of each chapter, a review exercise will test the student's comprehension of the chapter topic. At the end of the course, a final examination will test the student's comprehension of the topics presented in each of the units. In order to demonstrate competency in each unit and to earn the course completion certificate, the student will need to obtain a final examination score equivalent to a "C" (75% or better).
Upon enrollment, each student will be assigned a course instructor. Students are encouraged to contact their instructor whenever the student determines that such contact will be helpful to review or explain course content, procedures or requirements. In addition, the instructor will review and, if determined necessary, comment on each quiz and final exam to assist the student in understanding course concepts.
This OnlineEd course may be completed by the student at the student's own pace. The student has 60 calendar days from the time of enrollment to complete the course.
The Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission requires you must be at least 18 years of age to enroll in this insurance pre-licensing courses.
This course will remain available to students for 60 days after purchase.
This course prepares students to meet the educational requirements to obtain a life insurance producer license in Oregon and is approved by the Oregon Division of Financial Regulation. As a part of its pre-license requirements, Oregon requires the completion of the study and mastery of seven topics. These seven topics are presented under the module headings below.
Each module is further divided into chapters. At the end of each chapter, a review exercise will test the student's comprehension of the chapter topic. At the end of each module, a final examination will test the student's comprehension of the topics presented in each of the chapters composing the module. In order to demonstrate competency in each module and to earn the module completion certificate, the student will need to obtain a final examination score equivalent to a "C" (75% or better).
If you have questions about whether or not you qualify for an insurance producer license, please contact the Division of Financial Regulation.
This Exam Prep course will assist you in preparation for the state exam. The course consists of a series of practice questions that are similar to those found on the state exam. A good working knowledge of these questions will prepare the student for actual state administered examination. This course also contains a "state test simulator" that you can practice with until you feel ready to take the state test.


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Deruta - the main sights for visitors
Main things to see and do in Deruta, Umbria
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Deruta offers a number of interesting sights for visitors, in addition to its ceramics outlets. The town is situated 15 km south of Perugia on a hill that overlooks the valley of the Tiber (Valtiberina) in Umbria. The new town extends along the Via Tiberina, parallel to the road that goes towards Rome.
Some of the walls of the ancient fortress remain, together with the arches of the three gates to the city and the mediaeval streets which lead into the Piazza dei Consoli. The Palazzo dei Consoli, today the town hall, the 14 C tower of which is adorned by Romanesque mullioned windows, is located in Piazza dei Consoli. The town hall houses the ceramics museum where beautiful local antique majolica is exhibited. An excellent picture gallery houses a painting by Niccolò Alunno from 1458, a banner of S. Antonio Abate by the same artist, a Madonna with Child and Saints from the School of Pietro Vannucci, known as Perugino, paintings by Amorosi,; by Gaulli, known as Baciccio, by Reni, by Graziani, known as Ciccio Napoletano, an illuminated missal of the 14 C, and altar-cloths of the 15 C. There is also a fresco of Saints Rocco and Rornano with a view of the town (1476), attributed to Perugino.
Holiday Accommodation in Tuscany
Holiday rental apartments, villas and B&B rooms near Greve in Chianti.
Where to stay, what to do in Chianti.
Opposite the town hall rises the Romanesque-Gothic Church of S. Francesco with the adjacent convent where Pope Urban IV died on October 2, 1264. The 14 C bell-tower has ogival mullioned windows. The interior, made up of one nave with polygonal apse, contains numerous 14 C frescoes of the Siennese school. On the left side of the altar there is a martyrdom of St. Catherine of Alexandria (1339), protector of Deruta's ceramicists, whose saint's day is 25 November, and another fresco with the Madonna, Child and Saints by Domenico Alfani.
In the nearby Piazza Benincasa stands the Church of S. Antonio Abate, housing a Madonna of Mercy with St. Francis and St. Bernard by Bartolomeo Caporali, and a fresco by Bartolomeo and G.B. Caporali featuring four scenes from the life of St. Anthony. The latter draw their inspiration from Signorelli's frescoes in the Chapel of S. Brizio in the Cathedral of Orvieto. On the high altar there is a 15 C statue of St. Antony in polychrome ceramics.
Ceramic art from Deruta
Ceramics remain one of the most important reasons for visiting Deruta. This Umbrian town is world-famous for its ceramic art, which dates back to the Middle Ages. The oldest and most important commissioned works date back to the 13 C, but the highest level of development was achieved by the masters of Deruta beginning in the early 16 C. Thanks to the ever-growing fame of Deruta's ceramicists, their workshops were entrusted with the execution of the pavements of the Chapel of the Palazzo dei Priori and of the Sacristy of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Perugia, and of the Baglioni Chapel in Spello. In the civic museum of Deruta there are remnants of the flooring of the Church of S. Francesco (1523-24).
Among the best known ceramic masters from Deruta are: Giacomo Mancini, known as "El Frate" (1545), Andrea di Cecco (1584), Lazzaro di Battista Faentino, Francesco Urbini, Gregorio Caselli (1770) and a certain "Paolo da Deruta" who in 1516 worked under the great ceramicist Mastro Giorgio Andreoli from Gubbio.
Unique documentation of Deruta's ceramics is displayed in the Church of Madonna dei Bagni, which is 2 km south of Deruta. The walls of the church are covered with votive ceramic tiles offered by the faithful from the 17 C until the present. In an extraordinary array of polychrome panels the visitor can follow the uninterrupted flow of Deruta's ceramic tradition, and gain an impression of Umbrian and Italian life during the last three centuries.
Today the production of artistic ceramics still constitutes the main activity of the town. With over 200 majolica workshops and shops as well as a State School for Ceramic Arts, Deruta faithfully continues its historic artistic traditions.
Back to Deruta


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Joan Osborne - Live in Concert
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Best known for her international hit single \"One of Us,\" Joan Osborne is an eight-time Grammy nominee and multi-platinum selling recording artist who uses soulful songs to address greater societal issues. Joan Osborne has traveled the U.S. and the world for over 25 years performing at iconic locations and history-making events, including the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia and the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway. To date, Joan Osborne has opened for The Who at Madison Square Garden in New York City, toured the U.S. as a co-headliner with Mavis Staples and performed duets with Bob Dylan, Stevie Wonder, Emmylou Harris and many more.\ \ The concert will feature songs from Joan Osborne\'s new album Radio Waves. The album, set to be released in February 2022, follows her 10th studio album release Trouble and Strife, which was named to Rolling Stone\'s list of \"18 Great Albums You Might Have Missed in 2020.\"\ \ Tickets are $55/person in advance and $60/person at the door. To purchase tickets, please visit Ticketmaster.com. \


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Home The Games Tokyo 2020 Medals Olympic and Paralympic Medal Trivia
Producing Olympic and Paralympic medals
The International Olympic Committee stipulates that the following specifications must be met during the production of Olympic medals
Diameter: 70-120mm
3-10mm (7mm at the London 2012 Games)
500-800g
Gold and silver medals must contain a minimum of 92.5% silver. Gold medals must be plated with at least 6 grams of pure gold.
As a rule, the medals should be circular in shape (the Paris 1900 Games were an exception to this rule, with the awarding of rectangular-shaped medals)
Olympic ribbons should be designed to reflect the Games emblem and the 'Look of the Games'
Medals must be designed to reflect the values of the Olympic Movement, contain cultural and artistic elements, and elements that incorporate the 'look' of the Organising Committee and the Games Vision.
Design of Summer Games medals
Obverse design
Nike (the goddess of victory in ancient Greek mythology) with the Panathenaic Stadium in the background
Official designation of the Games Reverse design
Name of competition
Games emblem
Design of Winter Games medals
Official designation of the Games
Reverse design
Size Diameter: 70-120mm
Thickness 3-10mm (7mm at the London 2012 Games)
Weight 500-800g
Physical properties Gold and silver medals must contain a minimum of 92.5% silver. Gold medals must be plated with at least 6 grams of pure gold.
Shape As a rule, the medals should be circular in shape (the Paris 1900 Games were an exception to this rule, with the awarding of rectangular-shaped medals)
Ribbons Olympic ribbons should be designed to reflect the Games emblem and the 'Look of the Games'
Design Medals must be designed to reflect the values of the Olympic Movement, contain cultural and artistic elements, and elements that incorporate the 'look' of the Organising Committee and the Games Vision.
At the Athens 1896 Games no gold medals were awarded. Winners were presented with a silver medal and an olive wreath
The current design of Summer Games medals featuring Nike (the goddess of victory in ancient Greek mythology) set against a backdrop of the Panathenaic Stadium was decided upon by the Executive Board of the International Olympic Committee in June 2003.
Medal story from previous Games - the friendship medal
At the Berlin 1936 Games, the final of the Pole Vault event was contested between five athletes including Sueo Oe and Shuhei Nishida from Japan. After a fierce competition, US pole-vaulter Earle Meadows cleared 4.35m to claim the gold medal, while both Oe and Nishida cleared 4.25m. However, as both runners up were Japanese, the Organising Committee of the Berlin Games decided to discuss the matter with the Japanese Chef de Mission. It was eventually decided that Nishida should be awarded the silver medal as he had cleared 4.25m on his first attempt, while Oe, who required two attempts to clear 4.25m, would be given the bronze medal. Nishida was surprised at the decision, which differed from his understanding of the regulations, and offered his second-place spot on the podium to Oe. After their return to Japan, Oe's family, who were aware of the circumstances, urged Oe to return the silver medal to Nishida. After discussions between the two athletes, Nishida and Oe reached an agreement to cut both medals in half and join one half of the silver medal to one half of the bronze medal using a metal adhesive to create two half-silver, half-bronze medals. The medals came to be known as the 'friendship medals' and this gesture is still fondly remembered throughout Japan.
(Source: Olympic Handbook 2016 edition published by the Japan Olympic Academy)


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Sondra Vaughn, owner of The Kids' Clubhouse, brings 30 years of experience in loving, encouraging, and teaching children of all ages to the program. She earned a four year degree in Childhood Education from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and has used her education to teach in the school system, Sunday school, Awana club, and Church youth groups. Sondra was the Director of a growing after school and summer camp program in Kernersville for the past eight years before branching out to start her own business. Sondra has been married to Robert for 35 years and lives near her four daughters, one of which is her business partner, Jill Eversole. She loves to spend her free time reading, enjoying time with family and friends, and especially playing with her three beautiful grandchildren!
Jill Eversole, owner of The Kids' Clubhouse, has spent a majority of her life volunteering with children and over nine years within the after school and summer camp industry. Having a Bachelors degree in Communication Studies and Public Relations from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, she brings a lot of excitement and personality to the program. Jill and her husband, Jackson (that's right... Jack and Jill), have been married for ten years and have two beautiful little girls and a black lab. In her free time, Jill enjoys spending time with her family and friends, laughing with her girls, playing sports, baking, and traveling. On any given day, you will find Jill smiling, laughing, and making new friends wherever she goes!
To enhance the lives of school age children within the community by providing an enriched educational opportunity through participation in academic, social, artistic, and physical activities during the after school and summer hours.
Within our program, the first purpose is to provide a safe and nurturing environment for school-aged children within the surrounding communities. We consider it a priority to maintain a program that is in the best interest of the children at all times.
Secondly, it is our focus to ensure that parents can be assured that their children will receive excellent care while in the program. We will strive to maintain open relationships with all parents in order to provide the highest quality of care for their children.
Thirdly, we believe that our after school care and summer camp program should not only be a place of excitement and fun, but also a place of growth. We will continually seek to provide an environment that encourages children to grow on an academic, social, artistic, physical, and spiritual level.


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Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia, Edico Set World Record For Secondary Analysis Speed
By Allison Proffitt
October 23, 2017 | Using Edico Genome's DRAGEN pipeline on 1,000 Amazon EC2 F1 instances, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Edico Genome set a new scientific world standard last week in rapidly processing whole human genomes. CHOP used the DRAGEN pipeline to process 1,000 whole pediatric genomes in two hours and twenty-five minutes. The feat set the set the Guinness World Records title for Fastest time to analyze 1,000 human genomes. The title was presented onsite by an official Guinness World Records adjudicator, and will be granted upon publication of the results in a peer-reviewed journal.
The demonstration used a pediatric cohort of 1,000 whole genomes from the Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), a specialized Center of Emphasis at CHOP. The de-identified samples were chosen to reflect the composition of the entire biobank and represent the most common complex disorders and rare single-gene diseases. FASTQ files were moved from Amazon S3 buckets into the EC2 F1.2xlarge instances, which use Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The DRAGEN pipeline consisted of mapping, aligning, sorting, duplicate marking, and haplotype variant calling and ended when a variant call format (VCF) file was delivered back to a secure Amazon S3 bucket.
"Today's speed test is a culmination of two years of collaboration between CAG and Edico Genome, including beta-testing their product in our center," said Hakon Hakonarson, M.D., Ph.D., director of CAG at CHOP in a press release. "We utilize DRAGEN as part of our genomic workflow to achieve our mission of translating basic research findings to medical innovations. The speed of this technology in processing vast amounts of raw data in a matter of minutes will allow us to deliver actionable results in hours—an important capability as we go forward in realizing the benefits of precision medicine for children and families."
"Now, really for the first time, you can take care of this piece," Hakonarson, told Bio-IT World after the trial. "Generating the sequencing is getting more and more trivial. It's really the informatics process, translating the sequence into usable files so you can use to do phenotype-genotype analysis, [that is challenging]. And that is the process we accomplished."
Edico ported the DRAGEN pipeline to Amazon Web Service's EC2 F1/FPGA instances last year. Previously, DRAGEN was only available installed on site. This August, Pieter van Rooyen, Edico's president and CEO told Bio-IT World that the DRAGEN pipeline had processed 12 petabytes of data so far in the year in on site deployments. He said then that he expected usage in the cloud to be quite a bit more. "There will definitely be more usage in the cloud going forward; there's definitely a trend for genomic data to be processed in the cloud," he said this summer. "Quite honestly I think the right solution is a hybrid solution—both on site and in the cloud."
But Hakonarson argues for the flexibility of accessing DRAGEN in the cloud. "You have the Broad, and Baylor, and WashU, and Seattle, and these sorts of large scale sequencing centers that work with and process large amounts of data. They are obviously well-equipped to handle that. But any sort of medium-sized, company-sized institute that is dealing with sequencing today—and there are hundreds of them in that size range—they all struggle with this. (see Shawn Levy's initial impressions of DRAGEN installed at HudsonAlpha.)
While the Guinness World Records title is for speed, the process was cheap as well. "It's actually not terribly expensive," Hakonarson said. "Because it's only two hours, the cost is actually relatively low." He declined to give an exact number, but said, "we are talking dollars per sample." Later he added: "Cost, of course, is more relevant in most instances… but if you have a sick baby in the NICU and you need to process that data rapidly for diagnostics purposes, you can do that."
Edico's pipeline has been used in clinical settings to set another Guinness World Record: the 26-hour diagnostic genome conducted by Stephen Kingsmore and his colleagues at the Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine at Children's Mercy in Kansas City and published in Genome Medicine in 2015.
The data used in the demonstration at ASHG yesterday were not clinical data. The samples came from the CAG biobank and are all di-identified research samples. More than 60% of the samples were from African Americans, making it one of the largest cohorts for this demographic that has been sequenced to date. Results from the rapid analysis will be utilized by the CAG with the hope of uncovering genetic links to common childhood diseases, including asthma, autism, diabetes, epilepsy, obesity, schizophrenia, pediatric cancer, and a range of rare diseases.
The CAG has a biobank of about 100,000 samples and has access to 350,000 collaborator samples. Essentially all of the samples have been genotyped, Hakonarson said. Several thousand have been exome sequenced and a couple of thousand samples have undergone whole genome sequencing.
The limiting step, Hakonarson said, is the cost of the whole genome sequencing—"about $1500 per sample", he says. "If we could afford to do that for 100,000 samples we would do that immediately!" Instead, CAG is committed to conducting whole genome sequencing on about 10,000 samples by the end of the year.
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Akin Lab/UCLA Health The UCLA scientists observed consistent bursts of electrical activity in the developing brain of fruit flies. T4 and T5 indicate individual neurons firing.
The study was led by Orkun Akin , a UCLA assistant professor of neurobiology, and Lawrence Zipursky , a UCLA distinguished professor of biological chemistry.


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January 21, 2021 | Energy Harvesting From Skin Temperature for Battery-Free, Wearable Electronics
Home European Space Agency News
Space May 7, 2013
Herschel Makes Detailed Observations of a Hot Molecular Gas at the Center of the Milky Way
Using ESA's Herschel Space Observatory, scientists have detected and analyzed a variety of simple molecules at the center of Milky Way, allowing them to probe…
ESA's Mars Express Captures New Images of Sulci Gordii
ESA's Mars Express has captured new images of a region on Mars known as Sulci Gordii, which lies about 200 km east of Olympus Mons….
Space April 23, 2013
Herschel Solves Mystery of Origin of Water in the Upper Atmosphere of Jupiter
Using the Herschel space observatory, researchers have solved the mystery as to the origin of water in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, finding conclusive evidence…
Hubble Views Globular Cluster Palomar 2
In this image the Hubble Space Telescope shows globular cluster Palomar 2, which is part of a group of 15 globulars known as the Palomar…
Astronomers Discover Earliest Starburst Galaxy Ever Observed
A large team of astronomers has discovered the earliest starburst galaxy ever observed. Occurring just 880 million years after the Big Bang, HFLS3 is a…
Hubble Views Elliptical Galaxy NGC 2768
This new Hubble image shows the dusty details of elliptical galaxy NGC 2768. The soft glow in this image is NGC 2768, an elliptical galaxy…
Space April 2, 2013
Astronomers Watch as a Black Hole Feeds on a Low-Mass Object
Using ESA's Integral space observatory, astronomers discovered and watched a black hole in galaxy NGC 4845 feed on a low-mass object that strayed too close….
Space March 21, 2013
Detailed Map Reveals New Information about the Age, Contents and Origins of the Universe
Based on the first 15.5 months of all-sky observations, scientists have created the most detailed map ever made of the oldest light in the universe,…
Astronomers Discover Some of the Youngest Stars Ever Seen
A team of astronomers have found some of the youngest stars ever seen, giving scientists a window into the earliest and least understood phases of…
Black Hole and Red Dwarf Orbit Each Other Once Every 2.4 Hours
Using data from ground observations and space telescopes, researchers have identified a red dwarf and black hole that orbit each other once every 2.4 hours,…
Hubble Gazes on Ring Galaxy Zw II 28
Hubble takes a closer look at ring galaxy Zw II 28 in this newly released image. Galaxies can take many forms — elliptical blobs, swirling…
Hubble Views Newborn Stars in Galaxy IC 5052
In a new image, Hubble views the pale blue light of extremely hot newborn stars in barred spiral galaxy IC 5052. This image, speckled with…
Space February 27, 2013
The Mercury Planetary Orbiter, One Step Closer to Takeoff
The Mercury Planetary Orbiter is one step closer to its 2015 launch, completing a "bake-out" where the sides and top of the chamber were kept…
Hubble Image of Planetary Nebula ESO 456-67
This newly released image from the Hubble Space Telescope shows planetary nebula ESO 456-67. It may look like something from The Lord of the Rings,…
New Equations to Better Understand Solar Wind
A scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center has created a set of equations that will lead to more realistic simulations of solar wind turbulence…
Researchers Detected a Cool Layer in the Atmosphere of Alpha Centauri A
By observing Alpha Centauri A in far-infrared light with ESA's Herschel space observatory and comparing the results with computer models of stellar atmospheres, researchers have…
Cassini Detects Particles Being Accelerated to Ultra-High Energies
Similar to the particle acceleration that takes place around supernovas, observations from NASA's Cassini spacecraft have detected particles being accelerated to ultra-high energies by an…
Space February 5, 2013
XMM-Newton Study of Zeta Puppis Provides New Details on Stellar Winds
Three published papers detail the long-term XMM-Newton study of zeta Puppis and provide the first constraints on the number of fragments in a stellar wind…
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Energy Harvesting From Skin Temperature for Battery-Free, Wearable Electronics


Hi Sheryl-Ann, I just wanted to say a big thank you for your patience and timely delivery of all the goodies. They went down so well at the conference, in fact we had a few of the franchise owners wanting to order some of the items plus a few other items that we didn't order so I will be emailing you soon for some more quotations!! At least this time there won't be a mad rush to get them!!
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Jy is 'n sterretjie soos altyd! Baie dankie!
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