IF YOU MISS these verses (Ezekiel 40:4-5), the rest of the Book of Ezekiel will be little more than a description of a temple building and a city.
Do you remember in the closing verses of Ezekiel chapter 37 just before we saw the final battle of Hamon-gog in chapters 38 and 39, that God promised the Millennial sanctuary?
Not only that, He promised to return and be with His people.
And Everyone shall know that the "I AM THAT I AM" of Israel is the LORD!
We have now completed the first 39 chapters of EZEK-I-EL which gave us in graphic details through the use of historical events (e.g. the captivity of Judah), model making (e.g. Ezekiel's ground display of the siege of Jerusalem), play acting (e.g. lying on his side 390 days), demonstrations (e.g. making dung cakes), and simple analogies (e.g. whores and harlots), the events of this final generation, the generation that would understand the first vision in chapter one, that highly polished spectrum bronze-colored circular flying vehicle. It is the same final generation that Christ spoke of in Matthew 24 and Mark 13, the final generation of the fig tree which began on May 15, 1948. Yes, there will be Baby Boomers who will see the return of Jesus Christ.
Live Link to- God's highly polished spectrum bronze-colored circular flying vehicle.
Just as the Book of Ezekiel begins with visions, it also ends with visions, all of which are visions that the sons and daughters of God's servants in the last days would come to understand (Acts 2:17). We are about to see Ezekiel carried "in vision" to the land of Israel and shown that glorious sanctuary of the Millennium.
It is worth remembering that eventually, in the 3rd Earth Age, i.e. throughout eternity, there will be no temple, for the Lord GOD Almighty and the Lamb ARE the temple, even as Christ is that temple now if you have understanding.
After the lake of fire when all that is sin and all that offends has been consumed away and there will be no more abominations in the Holy City of God!
As we begin these Millennium Chapters of Ezekiel, it is important to know that the first five verses of chapter 40 set the stage for these last 9 chapters.
The hand of the Lord came upon Ezekiel to show him this vision during the captivity but after the final siege of Jerusalem.
This is a "vision" that we are about to read from the vantage point of the very high mountain, which is where God resides! Consider that we are going to see the kingdom of God during the Millennium "from the top down".
Ezekiel is now "zoomed in" to the temple and BEHOLD, (got your eyes open?), he was met by a celestial being, an angel, i.e. a son of God in his spiritual body who appears to Ezekiel as if he was made out of polished brass! If you are a student of the prophets then you may recall that the prophet Daniel was also visited by "Vision Man" whose appearance was also like unto polished brass.
Only Daniel, the servant of God to whom it was given, was able to SEE the vision. The men that were with him COULD NOT see it, so neither could they understand it. So too, there will be those with you who do not have eyes to see and ears to hear that will not SEE the visions of Ezekiel chapters 40 through 48, for the visions are indeed spiritual as we now continue to document.
However, before we move on, did you notice that the man of brass appeared with two measuring tools, a line of flax (linen) and a measuring reed, kind of like a tape measure, for longer measurements and a yardstick for shorter ones? Our Father has unique ways of revealing His truth to us even as we have seen the "line" and the "reed" used elsewhere when He wanted to "size things up" for us!
I lifted up mine eyes again, and looked, and behold a man with a measuring line in his hand.  Then said I, Whither goest thou? And he said unto me, To measure Jerusalem, to see what is the breadth thereof, and what is the length thereof.
Do you suppose that the angel Ezekiel just met is going to "measure" the city, the gates, the rooms, and the wall so that we just know what size and how big everything is?
Ezekiel, use your spiritual eyes to see, and your spiritual ears to hear, and understand with your spiritual mind to discern what I am about to show you!
IF YOU MISS this verse, and the profound spiritual significance of verse 5, the rest of the Book of Ezekiel will be little more than a description of a temple building and a city. 1 Cor. 2:14 " But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned."
"For to the intent", for THAT PURPOSE of spiritual understanding, art thou brought hither to see these things. And make that which you UNDERSTAND part of your teaching and declaration to your people.
Question: Do you believe the Millennial temple described here in Ezekiel is going to be a physical building, as in a structure, made of bricks and mortar? I rather think all the things we are told in the rest of Ezekiel are a vision Ezekiel sees of a temple our Lord has him describe in physical terminology to help us see into that spiritual dimension. Remember, the true temple is Christ; not a building made of bricks and mortar!
Now notice the very first thing Ezekiel SEES... behold a WALL round about the Temple.
There will be a WALL around the Temple (that true temple being Christ) all during the Millennium. We know that the Glory of God is returning to the temple, even Jesus Christ, but the "spiritually dead" cannot partake of that "Tree of Life" until after the 1000 years is finished. Thus, there will be a "wall" or barrier between them and Christ (See Ezek. 43:8 now or wait until we get there). In other words, those who were not part of the first resurrection cannot approach Christ and receive eternal life until the time of second resurrection, the Great White Throne Judgment.
Notice also in Ezek. 43:7 that there will be no more defiling of God's House, nor idolatrous religious practices, nor worshipping of earthly kings, especially that abominable one! Jesus Christ shall RULE with a rod of iron as it is written in Rev. 12:5 & 19:15.
They (i.e. our ancestors, the ancient Israelites) set up God's house their "own" way, "arranging" things with the traditions of men in place of God's Word, and they led everyone to worship the "abominable desolator", the false-christ, instead of the true Messiah (still do in many/most of our Christian churches of today). Christ is going to put an end to it once and for all at the sound of the 7th Trump, that Day of God's Wrath.
Have you ever known an alcoholic or an addicted person or heard him (or her) describe the day he "hit bottom" and came face to face with the reality of his condition and how ashamed he was of his actions and the hurt he caused to many of his loved ones? It is perhaps a fitting analogy to the "shame" that many of us will feel on the day we "hit bottom" and come face to face with the Lord Jesus Christ and realize that we have been nothing but a bunch of WHORES! For many of us, our shame will be so great that we will try to hide in the dens and rocks and would rather the mountains fall on us, than have to face Him.
Right now, during this dispensation of grace, when many do not even believe that God exists, all who WILL can approach Christ and enter the Holy of Holies, but during the Millennium that will not be the case. For everyone SHALL KNOW that He is Lord, for they shall see His Glory, but they must "learn" and "want" of their own free will to follow Him and His ways and not Satan and his ways. They will have NO CHOICE but to learn and follow His ways during the Millennium. (That's where we will see the Zadok and the saints of the 1st Resurrection come in.) After that, Satan will be released for a short season when they can PROVE on their own whether they still want to or not! THEN... the judgment!
[verse 5... continued] and in the man's hand a measuring reed of six cubits long by the cubit and an hand breadth: so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.
To understand this verse and its profound significance, one must know that a cubit is made up of 6 hand breadths. But LOOK, the cubit used here has an ADDED hand breadth, a SEVENTH one! The number "7" in Biblical Numerics means "Spiritual Perfection" (see appendix 10 in the Companion Bible). Since the reed used here is one seventh larger than that used in Solomon's Temple, this gives the Millennium Temple an ADDED DIMENSION and that dimension and the measurements thereof are SPIRITUAL. Behold? (Remember, during the Millennium, which is the Lord's Day, the Sabbath Day, the 7th Day, we will all be in our spiritual bodies.) To understand the significance of this, remember in John 20:19 & 26 how Jesus after being born back into his spiritual body didn't need to open doors in order to enter a room. Therefore; of what purpose would a brick and mortar wall serve?.
Let's recap what we have learned so far from the first five verses which, if you noticed, ALL contain something spiritual, or "supernatural", to set the stage from the beginning that what we are going to read in the closing Millennial Chapters of the Book of Ezekiel is spiritual not physical.
1. The hand of God came upon Ezekiel and took him in "visions" to "eretz Israel", the land of Israel, and set him upon the "north side" of the highest mountain where he was looking south.
2. He was then taken to the temple where a celestial being was waiting with measuring tools to be his spiritual instructor and SIZE-UP the temple for his understanding.
3. The angel then told Ezekiel to get his eyes and ears open and discern what he is about to be shown, then teach it to the house of Israel.
4. Then, the first thing Ezekiel was shown was a WALL outside the temple.
5. Ezekiel, now with his eyes open, saw that the measuring reed used by the angel was one seventh larger than usual and the wall was one reed by one reed.
Open your SPIRITUAL EYES and SEE what is to be learned in the rest of this book of EZEKIEL!
The physical descriptions are only used to help you see the spiritual significance of what is being taught.
The next part of the vision Ezekiel is going to be shown is the "east gate" which lies at the top of the "seven steps".
We will reserve our discussion of the significance of this for now. Meanwhile, as we go through the measurements of the temple it would perhaps be helpful if you had an illustration of its layout. If you have a Companion Bible, you will find this illustration in appendix 88.
What a privilege it is that our Father allows us to be able to see into the future.
These last nine chapters in Ezekiel, the book written to the appointed watchmen in this final generation, are truly exciting, for amidst the measurements, much delicious "hidden manna" is found which tells us precisely what the Millennium will be like and what the various peoples will be doing during those 1000 years, i.e. both those people who were part of the First Resurrection and those who didn't make it and so must prepare themselves in order to be part of the Second Resurrection or else be sentenced to perish with the son of perdition in the lake of fire.
We must remember as we read these final chapters that the 7th Trump has already sounded and ALL mankind including the good, the bad, and the ugly, have been changed into spiritual, incorruptible bodies,some having received immortality along with the change of body and the rest remaining "liable to die", i.e. retaining the mortal status of their souls (See 1 Cor. 15:50-55).
One of the precious truths we will uncover in chapter 43 is that the very Throne of God along with that beautiful sparkling rainbow prism called the Shekinah Glory which surrounds the Lord GOD, yes,that VERY THRONE that Ezekiel saw and described in chapter one, is going to return in the same manner as it appeared to Ezekiel along the River Chebar and enter into the east gate. Do you remember what that throne was aboard? It was aboard the Chariot of Israel (2 Kings 2:12), the highly polished spectrum metal circular flying vehicle,yes, a flying saucer,bearing the standards of the tribes of Israel, i.e. the Lion, the Ox, the Man, and the Eagle (See Num. 2).
Let's jump ahead and read Ezekiel's vision of the glory of God and His throne coming to the temple where the God of Israel will dwell in the midst of the children of Israel for ever.
He shall come and enter into the east gate just like the vision Ezekiel saw by the Chebar River.
Just as He promised so many times in both the Old and New Testaments, Jesus Christ will come and establish His kingdom and His throne upon this earth. And He will RULE with a "rod of iron", which means with discipline and the House of God shall remain pure and unpolluted for evermore.
We will read more about the living waters flowing from the House of God when we get to chapter 47.
The King of kings and Lord of lords is coming soon to reign supreme over ALL the nations from the World Capital and the City of Our Great King, Jerusalem.
Is that good news, or what? Aren't these "visions" created in your mind's eye very comforting and strengthening? You know, the prophet Joel said, and Peter repeated him in Acts 2, that the children of the prophets in the last days would SEE, i.e. understand the visions. Do you?
Now back to the measurements of the house of God in Ezekiel chapter 40. Again, the reason that we are given the dimensions and positionings of the temple and the city and their components is so that we can gain a clear PICTURE and understanding of the positions and relationships during the Final Day, the 7th Day, the 7th Dispensation in the salvation plan of God. You see, in understanding the layout of the whole sanctuary including the temple we learn that not everyone will be able to approach Jesus Christ during the Millennium. Only the priests of the Zadok will be able to minister directly unto Him, and we will learn what everyone else will be doing too!Remember, the reason Ezekiel is being shown this vision is so he/we could tell our people what the kingdom of God will be like in the Millennium. If you are a "watchman" then this information is for you to be able to SEE and to PROPHESY, i.e. teach our people the spiritual truths our Lord intends for us to understand by His use of these physical examples and descriptions of a temple.
So the measurements of the different parts and layout of the sanctuary and the temple itself are given to show us what will be happening spiritually during the Millennium.
There is also much significance in the "fine details" of the measurements that are given and those who are knowledgeable concerning Biblical numerics will be able to discern an even deeper level of understanding. For those who are not familiar with the significance of numbers in scripture, but would like to be, we can recommend several good resource materials. First, there is an appendix (#10) in the back of the Companion Bible which will get you started. Should you wish to study deeper, then obtain the book "Number in Scripture, Its Supernatural Design and Spiritual Significance", by E.W. Bullinger, Kregel Publishers, and/or "Biblical Mathematics", by Ed. F. Vallowe, Faith Printing Company, Taylors, SC.
40:47 The Court. Its size and shape.
40:48-41:26 The Inner House, or Temple.
42:15-20 The Outer Place. Its size and shape.
One primary purpose of this gate is given to us in later in Ezekiel 44:1-2 "Then he brought me back the way of the gate of the outward sanctuary which looketh toward the east; and it was shut.  Then said the LORD unto me; This gate shall be shut, it shall not be opened, and no man shall enter in by it; because the LORD, the God of Israel, hath entered in by it, therefore it shall be shut.
Things will be quite different during the Millennium for those who did not make the First Resurrection! The "east gate" will be shut to the walking dead (as in spiritually dead, i.e. having souls which are still mortal) and the law and all the ordinances are going to be laid down and enforced with a rod of iron by Jesus Christ and His Zadok, even "the law of house", which we will cover when get to Ezek. 43:11-12.
There were also chambers or rooms every five cubits (again, see diagram in previous study).
This verse is not found in the Septuagint, Syriac, or Vulgate translations. Dr. Bullinger believes it is a copyist's error of repeating the last phrase of verse seven of repeating the last phrase of verse seven. Hey, it can happen! Know what I mean?
The guard-rooms are six cubits square.
The gatehouse is 25 cubits across from the back of one guardhouse to the back on another.
The word "made" means "measured".
From the outside front of the gate to the inside front of the vestibule was fifty cubits.
The guardrooms and the vestibule had latticed windows inside the gateway and the door jambs were decorated with palms.
This is the lower pavement of the outer court.
Refer to the diagram or appendix 88 in the Companion Bible where this measurement of 100 cubits is shown.
There's more to measure and SEE in this great House of God, and we will see who the keepers are of "the charge of the house" and who the keepers are of "the charge of the altar". Keepers? That sounds like work!
You didn't think there wasn't work to do in the Kingdom of God, did you?
Now we will continue to see the various sections of the House of God during the Millennium. There is so much to SEE so let's be about doing it!
The gates of temple will all measure "according to same measure".
There are 100 cubits between all the Inner Court Gates and the Outer Court Gates, such as shown below.
Notice that there are 7 Steps going up from the pavement to the Outer Court. However, there are 8 Steps going up to the Inner Court where only the priests are admitted. If we understand that the priests of God during the Millennium are those of the First Resurrection, those who have already received eternal life, then we can look at the 7 steps to the Outer Court and 8 steps to the Inner Court as being representative of dispensations, the 7th being the Millennium and the 8th being "New Beginnings", i.e. the eternal age when the New Jerusalem comes down from heaven and all that offends is consumed away in the lake of fire.
Meanwhile it will be those of the first resurrection, those who will have received eternal life, who will be the priests in the temple during the Millennium.
Notice the same measurements of the gates, which shows us the conformity of the whole plan "according to these measures". The only difference here is that there are 8 steps leading up to the Inner Court (see diagram).
In English measurements the gatehouses are about 87 1/2 feet long and 43 3/4 feet wide.
Again, we have the exact same measurements and decorations as the other inner gates.
There is much significance in the palm tree decorations upon the posts of the gatehouses. The Palm is a tall tree (Song 7:7,8), straight and upright (Jer. 10:5), and a fruit tree (Joel 1:12). The Palm produces its fruit annually in numerous clusters and great abundance, which constitutes its chief value.
"The palm tree in Scripture almost always means the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), which grows about 60 to 80 feet high, having a single upright stem of uniform thickness through its entire length and marked by the scars of fallen leaves. The stem terminates above in a circle of great feathery leaves, perennially green. It is believed to attain a great age, from a hundred to two hundred years."
Palm leaves were also used as tokens of victory and peace and we find them held by those who went forth to meet the Lord in John 12:12-13 "On the next day much people that were come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem,  Took branches of palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried, Hosanna: Blessed is the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord."
And those overcomers who come out of great tribulation and are part of that First Resurrection will be clothed in white linen (righteousness) with palms in their hands.
It is fitting therefore that the fruit bearing, perennially green palm tree decorates the posts of the gates of the House of God.
The mention here of "sacrificial offerings" during the Millennium will be difficult for some to understand if they think and see this only in terms of flesh. However, remember what the first five verses of this chapter showed us, that we are to gain an "eyes to see", spiritual (7th cubit added) understanding from this "vision" of the temple?
When this flesh age is over and Jesus Christ returns, the dispensation of grace also ends. You see, you won't need to have "faith" to believe that Jesus Christ is REAL and that He is the Lord GOD, the Lamb who was slain for the remission of our sins.He will be HERE and EVERY KNEE will have bowed and as the scriptures have so often declared, ALL shall KNOW that He is the Lord GOD. We will also no longer be in corruptible, sinful, flesh bodies.
The Millennium will be a great time of teaching (not so much of knowledge but of how to "discern") and of discipline (rod of iron) in following the perfect laws of liberty. There will be no dictators, no communist regimes, etc. But it is also documented in these Millennial chapters that the ONLY ONES who can approach directly unto Jesus Christ will be the priests of the Zadok.
Those who do not "make it" in the First of the TWO Resurrections, which means the "raising" to the status of eternal life, are referred to as "the dead" throughout the Millennium. Why?Because they are "spiritually dead", i.e. unsaved, and although they are in their incorruptible spiritual bodies they still possess mortal souls which are liable to die, and they must remain that way until the 1000 years is over and Satan is released for a short season to test them.So the "way" to eternal life at the second resurrection is somewhat different than that of the first, isn't it? That is why they are judged according to their "works" which they do during the Millennium and the short season just after it!
And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead (the unsaved from this age of salvation by grace) were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.
This happens at the Great White Throne Judgment following the Millennium at which time there will be only two judgments given out: 1.) Eternal life, or 2.) a trip to the Lake of Fire.Actually the judgment itself will already have been made by the individual himself who will have by his own free will have either chosen to follow Satan and his ways or remained faithful to Christ and His ways.
Those who are part of the First Resurrection will not be subject to the Great White Throne Judgment for they already have eternal life (granted at the 1st resurrection when Christ returned) and so the second death, the death of the soul, has no power over them. They will be the ones with the white robes and with the palms in their hands during the Millennium who will be teaching and helping their loved ones to willing want to follow our Father and His ways.
We are reading all about those 1000 years in these last 9 chapters of Ezekiel. Pretty cool, eh?
Dr. Moffat translates the word "hooks" as a "ledge" fastened all around the inside of the porch.
This should be nothing new to those who are familiar with the Levitical priesthood and the temple of Solomon. It is the priests who are the singers.
Notice the white linen and their position in at the east end.
And speaking of "singers", how about those 144,000? They are standing WITH Jesus Christ when He returns and they sing the Song of Moses (Rev. 15:3). They will certainly be singers in the temple!
We are now going to SEE that there are two different duties and two different, shall we say, offices of the priesthood.
Chapter 44, vs. 10-13 will tell us who it is that these keepers are and we will cover them in more detail when we get there, but here's the basics of what we will find: Ezekiel 44:10-14 "And the Levites that are gone away far from me, when Israel went astray, which went astray away from me after their idols; they shall even bear their iniquity.  Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house: they shall slay the burnt offering and the sacrifice for the people, and they shall stand before them to minister unto them.  Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and caused the house of Israel to fall into iniquity; therefore have I lifted up mine hand against them, saith the Lord GOD, and they shall bear their iniquity.  And they shall not come near unto me, to do the office of a priest unto me, nor to come near to any of my holy things, in the most holy place: but they shall bear their shame, and their abominations which they have committed.  But I will make them keepers of the charge of the house, for all the service thereof, and for all that shall be done therein.
Then there are God's very elect, the priests of Zadok who did NOT go astray nor bow a knee unto Satan.
Here we see where the Zadok will be located in the Temple, but Ezek. 44:15-16 gives us more details about their duties. Ezek. 44:15-16 "But the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok, that kept the charge of my sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from me, they shall come near to me to minister unto me, and they shall stand before me to offer unto me the fat and the blood, saith the Lord GOD:  They shall enter into my sanctuary, and they shall come near to my table, to minister unto me, and they shall keep my charge.
Again, only the priests of the Zadok will be able to approach Jesus Christ during the Millennium. And when Christ gives a directive, they will carry it out without question and without fail!
By the way, it was between the Porch and the Altar that the kenites slew Zacharias, the son Barachias as recorded in Matthew 23:35: "That upon you [kenites, i.e. sons of Cain] may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar."
 The length of the porch was twenty cubits, and the breadth eleven cubits; and he brought me by the steps whereby they went up to it: and there were pillars by the posts, one on this side, and another on that side.
There were also two pillars in Solomon's temple at the porch before the temple.
And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple: and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin: and he set up the left pillar, and he called the name thereof Boaz.
What do these pillars represent? Well, Solomon gave actual names to the pillars in the first temple. "Jachin", the pillar on the right meant "He shall Establish", and "Boaz", the pillar on the left meant "In it is Strength". That about says it all, doesn't it? He who establishes is our strength. Hey, that's what the name EZEK-I-EL means too! "God is my strength".
Chapter 40:4-5 (If necessary, READ verses 4 & 5 OVER AND OVER, until you see) Pray that "The Holy Spirit" gives you eyes to see!


The beauty of a new fiscal quarter (April) in the spring is that all the food companies target their "summery" product releases to this time. Candy. Snacks.
Chik-fil-A rolls out its new milkshake today: a Coffee Caramel Milkshake that will be offered chain wide until Aug. 2. The Coffee Caramel Milkshake will be offered in a 20 oz. cup and is priced at $2.89 each (at most locations).
Consumers may not be fans of limited-time releases on fast-food products, but they are proven to drive store traffic.


text:
12.4 miles from Dellroy, OH
Grapevine House Inn
Dundee, Ohio
The 1834 bed and breakfast inn is located in the pleasant township of Winesburg, which is often confused with a novel of the same name by Sherwood Anderson. The old building is one of the earliest in the borough, and is rumoured to be haunted by a young girl ...
Warehouse on the Canal
Canal Fulton, Ohio
This 1906 building previously housed the old Finnerock Furniture building and now houses an arcade of quaint shops and restaurants. There have been reported sightings of many ghosts, including numerous apparitions in period clothing wandering around the building. The ghost of a little girl has been seen near the old ...
Haunted Akron, Ohio
Jeri Holland
Rogue's Hollow Bridge
Doylestown, Ohio
Rogue's Hollow Bridge, or Crybaby Bridge, has a couple of legends attached to it that may explain the ghostly crying sound heard here. One says that long ago a woman tossed her unwanted newborn over the bridge, and now the phantom scene replays here along with the sound of a ...
Millersburg Hotel
Millersburg, Ohio
This hotel has been in operation for well over a century, so it is more than likely that some of the spectres in this hotel were guests who never checked out. The owners and staff are displeased with the paranormal activity in the hotel, as they receive various reports ...
The University of Akron, founded in 1870 by the Universalist Church, has a few buildings rumored ot be haunted. One of them is the Sigma Nu House. Campus legend has it that a sorority girl hanged herself in the boiler room and her spirit lingers here to this day. Another ...
Akron Civic Theatre
40 miles from Dellroy, OH
One of Akron Civic Theatre's ghosts is Fred the Janitor, who died during his shift and now returns to finish his work. He is said to get angry at people who mess up the restrooms. Another apparition of a well-dressed man appears sitting up in the balcony from time to ...
Old Sweet Shop
This historic building turned sweet shop is haunted by a whole horde of ghostly children. Staff have heard running footsteps and ghostly voices, but upon investigation, have found nothing. (Submitted by Callum Swift)
Warehouse Restaurant
This historic warehouse was converted to a popular restaurant, but even back in the late twentieth century, police and authorities were responding to reports of paranormal activity which happened on a frequent basis. The restaurant is believed to be haunted by a ghostly child and the apparition of an ...
Loyal Oak Tavern
Norton, Ohio
The old tavern building was built in the 1840s, and was a cabinet shop in its early years. There are remnants of its older days as a tavern, such as a half-log bar in the basement as well as a 1930s keg. But locals here say that's not all that ...
Rose Hill Burial Park
Fairlawn, Ohio
Rose Hill Burial Park, founded in the 1920s, is haunted by a ghostly lady in white and ghost lights that witnesses say appear toward the back of the graveyard, possibly near the Jewish section.
Siesta Motel
Norwich, Ohio
This motel is said to be haunted by the spirit of an angry man who had been staying at the night there after a fight with his mother. And as it so happened, that night he was the victim of a burglary. The still-enraged man attacked the burglar upon finding ...
Trinway, Ohio
The 29-room mansion built in 1856 by abolitionist G.W. Adams is said to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. The house is said to be haunted by ghosts from its past, and has been featured on TV shows such as Ghost Hunters and Ghost Adventures.
Warsaw, Ohio
This small, abandoned wooden house at the intersection of the two major roads is haunted by the apparition of a woman in black. Her husband murdered her in the house many years ago, and people driving past have reported smelling burning flesh and hearing the screams of a woman. (Submitted by ...
Cleveland Ghosts
Charles, Jr. Cassady
The Taverne of Richfield
Richfield, Ohio
We have had numerous sitings at the Taverne. The building was built in 1886 in Richfield Ohio as a hotel/stagecoach stop. We have 3 ghosts. The original ghost is Baxter Wood who opened a hotel called the Center Hotel in the building which now houses local watering hole, the Doug ...
Spitzer House Bed and Breakfast
At this 19th-century Victorian home-turned-inn, people have witnessed unexplained voices and music, and the piano in the parlor plays songs by itself. The ghost of a stern-looking man is said to appear in Ceilan's Room, and Anna's Room is haunted by a servant girl's spirit. The servant girl also has ...
Chagrin Valley Athletic Club
Chagrin Falls, Ohio
This historic building now houses the county athletic club, but was formerly a schoolhouse. During its history, a cruel schoolmistress punished a girl to the extent that she died, leading to the closure of the school and the basis of the haunting that occurs nowadays. People in the quiet library ...
Burnt Wood Tavern
Brecksville, Ohio
This popular local eatery and restaurant is haunted by a former owner, who passed away several years ago and is still attempting to run his establishment. He has been known to welcome new staff members to the restaurant, and calls out peoples names. (Submitted by Callum Swift)
Cincinnati Ghosts: And Other Tri-State Haunts
Karen Laven
Creepy Ohio
Joedy Cook
Edmund Gleason Farmhouse
Valley View, Ohio
This historic farmhouse property is rumoured to have a whole horde of ghostly inhabitants. Passing motorists claim to have seen the figure of a spectral woman standing at windows, and have seen strange lights moving from room to room on the downstairs level. (Submitted by Callum Swift)
Dellroy, Ohio
It is alleged that the original owner of Punderson manor committed suicide by drifting out on the lake in a bathtub, and then, when he reached the middle, he pulled the plug and drowned. Why precisely he would have chosen this method is not known, whether it actually occurred ...
Malabar Farm
Lucas, Ohio
Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield built Malabar Farm in 1939, and the historic homesite is open for tours and wagon rides. It is said to be haunted by Ceely Rose. According to her story, she was in love with a boy who didn't feel the same. In order to spare ...
Pleasant Valley Cemetery
Pleasant Valley Cemetery is haunted by the Rose Family buried here. Legend has it that Ceely Rose murdered her mother, father and brother in 1896 over her love for Guy Berry. Guy lied and told Ceely they couldn't marry because her family didn't approve of him rather than tell her ...
Darrow Family Cemetery
Seven Hills, Ohio
Rumor has it that at night at the Darrow Family Cemetery, which only has 7 gravesites, tombstones that are whole in daylight appear broken, and strange things can be seen and heard: Unexplained bright lights, running water, screams and howls.
4604 Turney Road
Garfield Heights, Ohio
This historic apartment has a darker history, and has a terrifying haunting associated with the building. In the early 1940's, a mass brawl occurred on the upper floor, and several people were murdered. Staff in stores below the apartments claim to hear thumps, screams and the sound of a ...
Haunted Ohio II: More Ghostly Tales from the Buckeye State
Haunted Miami Valley, Ohio
Jennifer Eblin
A Haunted History of Columbus, Ohio
Nellie Kampmann
» Cemeteries near Dellroy, OH
» Find museums in Dellroy, OH

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Established in 1995 DJ Chris Tofu has become a pioneer of Vintage Remix and the UK Festival scene, sharing his obsession with all things remixed and raucous with jumping crowds across the globe! From Glastonbury to Istanbul this musical maverick is constantly exploring, discovering and creating new sounds and new experiences, mixing up the formula for good vibe pie!
Tofu has two lives; as a world renowned DJ and as the programmer and director of thousands of events and artists in some of the most legendary clubs and festival stages and even whole festivals, providing him with the canvas to try all these crazy new remixed discoveries. Enticing the crowds to jump over barriers (both physical and metaphorical) and get down to new and unusual sounds is the main Tofu goal.


text:
Corporate Highlights
Equity / Share Capital
NTA / EPS
PAT / PBT / Revenue
Occupational Safety & Health Policy
PBAHB Board of Directors
Notis Gangguan Perkhidmatan
SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT 2018
Water Tariffs 2015
PBAPP CENTRAL LABORATORY WINS IKM "EXCELLENCE" AWARD FOR THE 3RD CONSECUTIVE YEAR
PBAPP Central Laboratory received its third consecutive "Laboratory Excellence Award" from the Institut Kimia Malaysia (IKM), or the Malaysian Institute of Chemistry. This national award recognises Malaysian laboratories which comply with the MS ISO/IEC 17025:2005 laboratory accreditation and have achieved competency in the practice of analytical work.
The 2019 award given to the PBAPP Central Laboratory is specifically for the field of water testing. This laboratory won similar awards in 2017 and 2018.
PBA HOLDINGS BHD HONOURED TO RECEIVE AWARD FOR REWARDING SHAREHOLDERS
PBA Holdings Bhd (PBAHB) has received an award for rewarding its shareholders well over 3 years. The Edge Media Group gave PBAHB The Edge-Centurion Club Corporate Award 2019 for the "highest return to shareholders over 3 years" in the telecommunications, media & utilities sector.The Edge-Centurion Club Corporate Awards were conceived to recognise Malaysia's small and medium enterprises and their CEOs. One of the key criteria for "club membership" is market capitalisation of between RM100 million and RM1 billion.
MEF GIVES A GOLD AWARD TO PBAPP
Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang Sdn Bhd (PBAPP) was chosen as one of two recipients of the inaugural Malaysian Employers Federation (MEF) "Employer Excellence Gold Award 2019" on Tuesday, 8.10.2019. Human Resource Minister YB M. Kula Segaran presented the award to PBAPP and PBA Holdings Bhd CEO Dato' Ir. Jaseni Maidinsa and PBAPP Head of Division, Human Resource, En. Mohammad Zulkifli bin Abdul Hamid.
PBAPP WINS TWO "PENANG TOP ACHIEVERS" AWARDS
Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang Sdn Bhd (PBAPP) received two awards during "Penang Top Achievers 2019 Awards Nite" at the G Hotel. PBAPP won the "Industry Excellence in Public Service" award for its involvement in expanding corporate and community development, and steering the water supply business in Penang to greater heights.
PRIME MINISTER'S AWARD FOR PENANG WATER COMPANY CEO.
Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad presented the "Anugerah Perdana Menteri Tokoh Mahir 2019" (APMTM 2019) to Dato' Ir. Jaseni Maidinsa, the CEO of PBA Holdings Bhd (PBAHB) and Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang Sdn Bhd (PBAPP).
Dato' Ir. Jaseni received the award at the Putrajaya International Convention Centre on 1 May 2019, in conjunction with the 2019 National Worker's Day Celebrations. The APMTM 2019 recognises Dato' Ir. Jaseni's key contributions in championing, developing and promoting competency training programmes for the water supply industry in Malaysia.
PBAPP RECEIVES IKM "LABORATORY EXCELLENCE AWARD" FOR THE 2ND CONSECUTIVE YEAR.
Institut Kimia Malaysia (IKM) has presented Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang Sdn Bhd (PBAPP) with its "Laboratory Excellence Award" for the second consecutive year. This award recognises the performance of the PBAPP Central Laboratory in the Sungai Dua Water Treatment Plant (Sg Dua WTP) in 2018.
The IKM award recognises PBAPP's commitment to competent analytical testing of water, in accordance to the MS ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standards.
PBAPP CEO RECEIVES IEM PENANG'S "DISTINGUISHED ENGINEER AWARD"
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia, Penang Branch (IEM Penang) presented Dato' Ir. Jaseni Maidinsa with its "Distinguished Engineer Award 2018".
IEM Penang Chairman Ir. Yau Ann Nian presented the award to Dato' Ir. Jaseni, the Chief Executive Officer of Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang Sdn Bhd (PBAPP) and PBA Holdings Bhd (PBAHB), at IEM Penang's 51 Anniversary Dinner.
MALAYSIAN WATER ASSOCIATION AWARDS 2018
PBAPP received two national level awards from the Malaysian Water Association (MWA). The awards were handed out by YB Dr. Xavier Jayakumar, the Minister of Water, Land and Natural Resources (KATS), in Putrajaya.
1) MWA Water Industry Achievement Award 2018 "Best Water Treatment Plant" for Sungai Dua Water Treatment Plant.
The Sungai Dua WTP is the largest WTP in Malaysia, with a maximum treated water capacity of 1,228 MLD. As at 2018, it produces more than 80% of the treated water that is distributed throughout the State of Penang daily.
2) Malaysia Water Award for Management 2018 awarded to Dato' Ir. Jaseni Maidinsa, CEO of PBAHB and PBAPP.
This award recognises outstanding management in the fields of water or wastewater engineering.
MSOSH GOLD (CLASS 1) AWARDS
Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang Sdn Bhd (PBAPP) won 2 Gold (Class I) Awards from the Malaysian Society for Occupational Safety and Health (MSOSH).
The gold awards were for achieving zero incidences of "lost time injuries" (LTI), accidents and dangerous occurrences at Plants (WTPs) in 2017. This is the first time that PBAPP has received MSOSH Gold (Class I) awards.
PBAPP'S INNOVATIVE WATER TREATMENT PLANT RESIDUE RE-CYCLING PROJECT WINS 2 AWARDS
A PBAPP project to re-cycle water treatment plant residue won the Penang State Innovation Award 2016 (Non-ICT Category) on 28/11/2017. This "green" project involves the conversion of the residue at the Sungai Dua Water Treatment Plant (Sungai Dua WTP) into a value-added material that may be used in clay brick production.
PBAPP also won the "Innovation Award Runner-Up" trophy for this project at the "International Greentech & Eco Products Exhibition & Conference Malaysia (IGEM) 2017" event in the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre (KLCC) on 13/10/2017.
PBAPP launched an innovation project called "Conversion of Sungai Dua WTP residue into Clay Bricks" in 2009. Following various project innovation processes and tests, PBAPP has successfully produced "safe" clay bricks using water treatment plant residue. The clay bricks that PBAPP made (using Sungai Dua WTPR as a plasticizer) are non-toxic, inert and "safe" in terms of corrosivity, ignitability and reactivity. Moreover, the strength of the bricks, as building materials, complies with the Malaysian standard (MS 76:1976) and the European standard (BS EN771-1:2003) for clay bricks.
IKM EXCELLENCE AWARD 2017
Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang Sdn Bhd's (PBAPP's) Central Water Laboratory received the "IKM Laboratory Excellence Award 2017" from Institut Kimia Malaysia (IKM–Malaysian Institute of Chemistry) on 8/12/2017 at the Sime Darby Convention Centre, Kuala Lumpur.
IKM hands out the award exclusively to laboratories that "comply with the MS ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accreditation and that have achieved competency in the practice of analytical work".
PBAPP's Central Water Laboratory is accredited to MS ISO/IEC 17025:2005, the Laboratory Accreditation Scheme of Malaysia (SAMM), for the testing of raw water, settled water and treated water. Located in the Sungai Dua Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in Seberang Prai Utara, the Central Laboratory is part of the Package 12 treatment plant works that was officially opened by YAB Tuan Lim Guan Eng on 3/6/2016.
MSOSH Gold (Class II) Award for Batu Feringghi Water Treatment Plant.
PBAPP's Batu Feringghi Water Treatment Plant earned the "Gold (Class II)" award (utilities sector) from the Malaysian Society for Occupational Safety & Health (MSOSH), for recording Zero (0) "dangerous occurrences", accidents and "lost time injury" at this water treatment plant during the year of evaluation.
Located on a hillside overlooking the Batu Ferringhi beachfront, the Batu Ferringhi Water Treatment Plant was commissioned in the year 2000 to treat raw water from the Teluk Bahang Dam. With 28 No. of workers and maximum treatment capacity of 120 million litres per day (MLD), it produces potable water that is distributed to the north-western coastline areas of Tanjong Bungah, Batu Ferringhi and Teluk Bahang on Penang Island.
ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations (AFEO) Awards 2015
Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang Sdn Bhd (PBAPP) received two awards at the 33rd Conference of the ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations (CAFEO) on 25 November 2015.
ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations (AFEO) Engineering Award
The 'ASEAN Outstanding Engineering Achievement Project Award' (2015) was conferred upon PBAPP for its engineering achievements at the Sungai Dua Water Treatment Plant (Sungai Dua WTP) in Seberang Perai. This award recognises outstanding engineering achievements in ASEAN countries. Its citation states: 'The basis for this award shall be an engineering achievement that demonstrates outstanding engineering skills, that have made a significant contribution to the engineering process and the quality of life in ASEAN.'
ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations (AFEO) Honorary Member Award
The second AFEO award for PBAPP is the conferment of the 'AFEO Honorary Member' upon PBA Holdings Bhd and PBAPP Chief Executive Officer Dato' Ir. Jaseni Maidinsa. This award is given to persons 'who have rendered outstanding services to the engineering profession, the institution and/or the nation.' Dato' Ir. Jaseni has served in PBA, PBAPP and PBAHB for 30 years.
PBAPP and PBAHB CEO Dato' Ir. Jaseni Maidinsa (left) receiving the ASEAN AFEO Award for the Sungai Dua Water Treatment Plant.
Dato' Ir. Jaseni Maidinsa (centre), senior PBAPP managers and engineers with the two ASEAN AFEO awards won by PBAPP.
KeTTHA INDUSTRY AWARDS
PBAPP was named as Malaysia's 'Water Services Operator of The Year" in the inaugural KeTTHA Industry Awards (KIA) ceremony organised by the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) on 21 November 2013.
PBAPP also received the inaugural "Efficiency Award" in the water industry category, scoring a memorable "double" for Penang in the field of sustainable water supply management.
LEADING A JICA PARTNERSHIP PROJECT
NRW represents water loss in the water supply Industry. The reduction of NRW is important because less water loss means more water availability for consumers. NRW percentage is regarded worldwide as a key performance indicator in the water supply industry. To put it simply, a water supply operator with a low NRW percentage is generally regarded to be an efficient water supply operator.
In 2013, PBAPP recorded a NRW percentage of 18.2% for Penang, as compared to the national average of 36.6%, as reported in the Malaysia Water Industry Guide 2013.
In short, Penang's NRW percentage was less than half of the national average. It was also the lowest amongst all the states in Malaysia. In fact, since PBAPP was incorporated in 1999, Penang's NRW percentage has consistently been the lowest in Malaysia.
Accordingly, in 2014, PBAPP was appointed by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), to serve as the lead organisation for the implementation of the JICA Partnership Programme on "NRW (Non Revenue Water) Reduction Technology Training and Capacity Building in Malaysia".
The aim of this project is for PBAPP to acquire the latest Japanese technology in NRW management to further reduce water loss In Penang. A team of PBAPP engineers and technicians will be trained to serve as NRW lecturers. Once this team is ready, PBAPP will then provide NRW reduction training for other water supply operators throughout Malaysia, with endorsement from the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA).
The duration of the project is from 1 January 2014 – 30 November 2016. JICA will provide a partnership grant of RM1.6 million for expenses while PBAPP will allocate the land for the 'training field" and appoint a team of lecturer trainees. PBAPP will also provide the training facilities at the Penang Water Services Academy (PWSA).
JICA has also appointed Tokyo Suido Services, or TSS, to work directly with PBAPP on this project. TSS has helped Tokyo to achieve 3.3% NRW.
On 18 March 2014, JICA, PBAPP and TSS signed an agreement to formalise the partnership programme, witnessed by the Chief Minister of Penang, YAB. Tuan Lim Guan Eng and the Consul-General of Japan, H.E. Mr. Ryuji Noda.
WATERLINKS AWARD
Together with PDAM Tirta Musi Palembang, PBAPP won the international "WaterLinks" Award for "Best Water Operator Partnership (WOP)" in 2011.
WaterLinks represents the International Water Association (IWA), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). USAID has been implementing initiatives in Asia through its Environmental Cooperation-Asia (ECO-Asia) projects.
The WOP project is one of ECO-Asia's key water supply initiatives. As a participant, PBAPP has been sharing its best practices and core competencies with PDAM Tirta Musi, the water supplier for the province of Palembang in Indonesia since December 2009.
The initial target for the partnership was to improve water supply services to 40,000 residents. At the point of initiation, more than 70% of these residents had intermittent water supply for 10-12 hours daily.
By focusing on non-revenue water (NRW) management and capacity development, PBAPP helped PDAM Tirta Musi to improve continuous water supply and increase access to safe drinking water for the benefit of 150,000 residents; and water supply availability has been upgraded to 24 hours a day.
A total of 80 PDAM Tirta Musi personnel were also trained by the Penang Water Services Academy (PBAPP's sister-company that specialises in water industry training services).
Penang Green Office Certification by the Penang Green Office Council
OTHER AWARDS RECEIVED
2011 Penang State Level Safety Week 2011
Video Presentation on Safety
Best Video and Best Director
2006 Gold ( Class II ) – OSH Awards
by the Malaysian Society for Occupational Safety & Health
2001 MWA Outstanding Water Award for Management 2001
by the Malaysian Water Association
2001 Silver Award – OSH Awards
18th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
PBAHB REWARDS SHAREHOLDERS FOR THE 16th CONSECUTIVE YEAR
The 18th AGM of PBA Holdings Bhd approved a final single tier dividend of 2.25 sen per share on 28/6/2018.
Total dividend for 2017 is approximately 4.00 sen per share.
PENANG, Thursday, 28/6/2018: PBA HOLDINGS BHD (Stock reference: PBA – 5041) will pay out a final single tier dividend of 2.25 sen per share
for its 2017 financial year.
This total amount due to 8,502 shareholders for this final dividend payout is about RM13.2 million. The final dividend payout was approved by PBAHB shareholders in the company's Annual General Meeting (AGM) here today.
Earlier, in January 2018, PBAHB had paid out a first interim single tier dividend of 1.75 sen per share to all shareholders.
As such, the total dividend declared by PBAHB for the financial year ending 31/12/2017 amounts to approximately 4.00 sen per share.
2017 marked the 16th consecutive year in which PBAHB has consistently paid dividends to its shareholders. This company was public listed on 18/4/2002.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 2017
In 2017, the PBAHB Group's core business was water supply in the State of Penang. PBAHB's 100% owned subsidiary, Perbadanan Bekalan Air
Pulau Pinang Sdn Bhd (PBAPP) served as the licensed water supply operator in Penang.
PBAHB recorded a profit after tax (PAT) of RM37.3 million in 2017 as compared to RM61.8 million in 2016, primarily from the sales of water in Penang.
The 2 main reasons for the lower PAT figure in 2017 were:
PBAPP discounted water bills for all 604,547 water consumers in Penang for one water supply billing cycle, in support of the "Pulau Pinang Bangkit" flood relief efforts in November 2017. This corporate social responsibility (CSR) gesture cost PBAPP about RM16.6 million in revenue; and
PBAHB incurred an income tax expense of RM3.7 million in 2017, as compared to RM7.1 million in income tax refunds in 2016 (due an extension in reinvestment allowances).
These two factors reduced PBAHB's PAT by a total of RM27.4 million yearon-year.
However, PBAHB managed to reduce its cost of sales and administrative costs by about RM1.9 million in 2017, to record the PAT of RM37.3 million.
APPOINTMENT OF NEW CHAIRMAN
Following the results of the historic 14th Malaysian General Elections on 9/5/2018, PBAHB and PBAPP's previous Chairman, YB Tuan Lim Guan Eng, has been appointed as the Minister of Finance, Malaysia.
YAB Tuan Chow Kon Yeow has been appointed as the new Chief Minister of Penang. By virtue of his position as Chief Minister, YAB Tuan Chow is
now serving as the Non-Independent and Non-Executive Chairman of PBAHB and PBAPP, in accordance to the PBAHB Company Constitution.
We wish them all the best in their future endeavours.
INITIATIVES TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY
As at June 2018, the following is a summary of 3 key PBAPP water supply initiatives to ensure sustainable water supply management in Penang:
Penang's 3rd Twin Submarine Pipeline Project
This RM125.0 million Butterworth-to-Penang Twin Submarine Pipeline Project which will facilitate more efficient pumping of more treated water from Sungai Dua to this location in the future. Penang's third submarine project is scheduled for completion in December 2020
Taking Back the Expanded Mengkuang Dam
Penang is waiting for the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) to hand over the expanded 73.5 billion litre Mengkuang Dam in good working order. The key conditions for the hand over include:
KeTTHA's allocation of RM100 million for a new barrage across Sungai Muda at Rantau Panjang;
KeTTHA's commitment to construct the originally specified RM80 million Lahar Yooi Pumping Station under its "Rolling Plan 4"; and
KeTTHA's commitment to complete of the originally specified RM100 million raw water pipeline project from the Mal Sulong Pump House in Seberang Prai Tengah to the Sungai Dua Canal by March 2020.
Securing Approval for Penang's WCS Review
PBAPP will seek approval from the National Water Services Commission (SPAN) for its proposed review of Penang's water conservation surcharge
(WCS).
On 28/4/2017, PBAPP applied to SPAN to review the WCS from RM0.48 per 1,000 litres to RM1.00 per 1,000 litres, only for domestic consumption
above 35,000 litres per month.
The WCS did not affect 77% of Penang's 518,001 domestic consumers who used less than 35,000 litres of water per month in 2017.
The objective of the WCS review is to convince the remaining 23% of Penang domestic consumers to use water wisely at home.
PBAPP's target is to reduce Penang's per capita domestic consumption from 276 litres/capita/day (l/c/d) to 257 l/c/d as soon as possible. The national average in 2017 was 209 l/c/d.
This domestic water demand management initiative will help PBAPP to ensure that there is sufficient water for all the people and businesses in Penang, even during prolonged dry seasons.


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Deficit in Attachment Behavior in Mice Lacking the µ-Opioid Receptor Gene
Anna Moles1,
Brigitte L. Kieffer2,
Francesca R. D'Amato1,*
1 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Viale Marx 43, 00137 Roma, Italy.
2 Institute de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France.
↵* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: f.damato{at}ipsifar.rm.cnr.it
Anna Moles
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Viale Marx 43, 00137 Roma, Italy.
Brigitte L. Kieffer
Institute de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France.
Francesca R. D'Amato
For correspondence: f.damato@ipsifar.rm.cnr.it
Endogenous opioid binding to μ receptors is hypothesized to mediate natural rewards and has been proposed to be the basis of infant attachment behavior. Here, we report that μ-opioid receptor knockout mouse pups emit fewer ultrasonic vocalizations when removed from their mothers but not when exposed to cold or male mice odors. Moreover these knockout pups do not show a preference toward their mothers' cues and do not show ultrasonic calls potentiation after brief maternal exposure. Results from this study may indicate a molecular mechanism for diseases characterized by deficits in attachment behavior, such as autism or reactive attachment disorder.
The opioid system controls nociceptive and addictive behaviors, with a prominent role of μ-opioid receptors (Orpm) in these responses. Mice lacking the μ receptor gene (Orpm–/–) show a loss of morphine-induced analgesia, reward, and dependence (1); increased sensitivity to painful stimuli (2, 3); reduced reward to nonopioid drugs of abuse (4); and altered emotional responses (5). Endogenous opioid binding to μ receptors has been considered one of the neural mediators of infant attachment behavior (6–10), although the role of μ receptors in mediating the rewarding properties of mother-related stimuli has not been determined (11, 12).
Attachment behavior entails the display of affiliative behaviors and the establishment of a special bond with the animal's caregivers (13). It is characterized by the selective approach to, and interaction with, specific individuals and by the display of emotional distress during acute periods of separation from these individuals. This behavioral system has been suggested to represent the developmental roots of the affiliative system emerging during the adult life and to modulate behaviors such as social play and sexual and parental behavior (12).
Scott (14) was the first to use the distress vocalizations as a model to study attachment behavior in puppies. In mouse pups, the response to separation from the mother consists of a protest phase characterized by a high rate of ultrasonic vocalization (UV) and hyperactivity, which facilitates reunion with her. UVs have been used as an index of distress in several experimental paradigms (15) and are strongly reduced in pups given μ-opioid agonist agents (16–18). However, the inconsistency in the results obtained with antagonist administration (19, 20) has questioned the role of μ-opioid receptors in the pup's vocal response to social separation.
Orpm–/– pups emitted fewer calls than their wild-type controls (Orpm+/+) in response to isolation at various developmental time points (21) (Fig. 1). Moreover, morphine administration significantly reduced UVs in 8-day-old wild-type pups, whereas this drug had no effect on Orpm–/– calls (21). The lower UV performance of Orpm–/– pups was not associated with evident differences in maternal responsiveness toward the offspring. In fact, mothers of the two genotypes did not differ in their behavior toward pups in response to either nest relocation (Table 1) or to a test already validated for maternal emotionality and motivation (Table 2) (21). The absence of detectable differences in maternal responsiveness toward pups suggests that the fewer distress calls emitted by Orpm–/– pups are the result of a reduced sensitivity to isolation. We thus performed a second experiment to measure the UV response of isolated pups to stressful physical (cold) and social (clean and novel male bedding compared to nest odor bedding) stimuli (Fig. 2). Wild-type pups responded to isolation and exposure to clean bedding with a high frequency of ultrasonic calls; this effect was significantly reduced in the presence of familiar bedding. In contrast, isolated Orpm–/– pups showed very low amounts of UVs when isolated and exposed to clean bedding and no further reduction in the amount of calls emitted in the presence of familiar bedding. In fact the clean bedding condition was not sufficient to elicit the distress behavioral response in Orpm–/– pups. However, pups of both genotypes showed a similar UV response when exposed to stressful stimuli such as cold or strange male odors, ruling out the possibility that the mutant animals have a general impairment in their capacity to emit high levels of ultrasonic calls or in their sensitivity to olfactory and thermal stimuli.
Ultrasonic calls in response to maternal separation. Mean number of ultrasonic calls of Orpm–/– (n = 17) and Orpm+/+ (n = 16) isolated pups tested during a 5-min session in an empty beaker at room temperature. Pups' ultrasounds were measured on postnatal days (PNDs) 4, 8, and 12. Four litters per genotype were tested, and litter size ranged between three and six in both lines. The two-way ANOVA for repeated measures indicated significant main effects [for genotype, F(1/62) = 5.08 and P < 0.05; for day, F(2/62) = 8.34 and P < 0.001] and no significant interaction effect.
Ultrasonic calls in response to maternal versus other cues. Mean number of ultrasonic calls of PND8 pups isolated and exposed for 5 min to either different social stimuli (clean, n = 10 Orpm–/– and n = 19 Orpm+/+; mother/nest, n = 10 Orpm–/– and n = 24 Orpm+/+; or male, n = 13 Orpm–/– and n = 16 Orpm+/+) or cold, n = 12 Orpm–/– and n = 16 Orpm+/+. The two-way ANOVA indicated significant effects of the treatment [F(3/112) = 17.88 and P < 0.001] and of the genotype × treatment. [F(3/112) = 5.22 and P < 0.01]. Asterisks indicate P < 0.05 between pups of the two genotypes in the same treatment; open circles, P < 0.05 versus pups of the same genotype exposed to different treatments (Tukey HSD).
Comparison of mothers' responsiveness toward their pups (PND4) in the two homozygotic lines, in standard condition, after nest relocation in a more complex environment (mean s ± SE). No statistically significant differences were found in the behavior of mothers of the two genotypes.
With pups
Exploring the cage
Exploring the T maze
Orpm+/+ (n = 6) 180±25 363±54 394±79
Orpm-/- (n = 5) 138±46 312±40 461±42
Comparison of mothers' responsiveness toward their pups in the two homozygotic lines in a behavioral test validated for mother's emotional and motivational response (29). Mother's behavior in the three-compartment cage measured on PND8. No statistically significant differences were found in the behavior of mothers of the two genotypes.
Latency to enter male's compartment (mean s ± SE)
Time to reach pups (mean s ± SE)
Orpm+/+ (n = 8) 95.2±23.1 257.7±37.5 5.0±1.1
Orpm-/- (n = 8) 100.5±17.2 295.9±23.8 4.0±0.7
These results suggest that the absence of mother and nest odor does not elicit a distress vocal response in Orpm–/– pups. Opioids have a facilitatory role in odor preference acquisition and nipple-milk conditioning (22). Orpm–/– pups may thus lack the normal activation of the endogenous opioid system, mediating the rewarding values of maternal stimuli that facilitate infant behavior toward the mother. This hypothesis was further investigated by assessing the maternal potentiation of UV (23). Maternal potentiation of UVs is suggested to have its basis in a learning process whereby pups associate their calling with positive maternal-related reinforcements. The removal of the mother, after a brief exposure, causes a violation of reward expectancy and an increase in ultrasonic calls. Wild-type pups showed the expected increase in UV after a short exposure to the mother, whereas mutant pups did not show a maternal potentiation effect (Fig. 3). The absence of maternal potentiation of UV in Orpm–/– pups supports the role of μ receptors in mediation of the positive affective state evoked by maternal cues.
Maternal potentiation of ultrasonic calls. Effects of mother's presence and mother's removal on ultrasonic calls relative to pretest in 12-day-old Orpm+/+ (n = 8) and Orpm–/– (n = 14) pups. The two-way ANOVA for repeated measures indicated only a significant genotype per repeated measures effects [F(1/20) = 4.49 and P < 0,05]. Asterisk indicates P < 0.05 (Tukey HSD) versus Orpm+/+ animals.
Pup attachment to the mother, providing warmth, milk, and protection, has its basis primarily in olfactory cues. Therefore, we evaluated the olfactory acuity and preference of Orpm–/– and Orpm+/+ pups. We found no difference between the abilities of 8-day-old pups of the two genotypes to discriminate between their mother and nest and clean bedding. In contrast, when the pups had to choose between their own and an unfamiliar mother and nest bedding, only 36% of Orpm–/– compared with 100% of Orpm+/+ pups chose the familiar bedding. In addition, the percentage of time spent in the familiar bedding was lower in the mutant pups (Fig. 4).
Responses to familiar versus unfamiliar odors. Percentage of time spent by pups with different genotype in their own mother and nest versus the clean bedding compartment and versus the compartment covered with nest odor of an unknown mother with pups of similar age. Asterisk indicates P < 0.001 (Student t test, t24 = 4.46) versus Orpm+/+ animals. Numbers at the bottom of the bars represent the number of pups choosing that compartment over the total number of pups tested. The two lines of pups did not differ when choosing between own and clean bedding (Fisher exact probability test, P = 0.15) but differed when choosing between their own and an unknown dam's bedding (Fisher exact probability test, P = 0.001).
These results indicate that mice lacking μ-opioid receptors show deficits in two independent measures of attachment behaviors. Orpm–/– pups were not able to selectively approach their mothers, and maternal deprivation was not sufficient to elicit distress calls. Infant vocal behavior has been suggested to reflect anxiety in pups (24). However, lower fearfulness during maternal separation alone cannot account for the deficit in attachment behavior displayed by these knockout pups. Pups of both genotypes showed the same amount of UV when exposed to cold or male odor cues. Most interestingly, Orpm–/– pups seemed to be specifically less sensitive to the absence of maternal cues. This could be because of the absence of association between maternal stimuli and pleasurable states mediated by the μ-opioid system.
The mesocorticolimbic dopamine reward system has been implicated in social attachment whereby oxytocin and vasopressin peptides play a critical role in the association between the social stimuli and the brain reward circuits (25). Our data support the hypothesis that the μ-opioid system is a crucial component of the social reinforcement pathways modulating the positive affective states associated with mother stimuli. Panksepp and colleagues (7, 16, 26) elaborated a model in which the social contact provides comforting effects, in part opioid-mediated, and proposed that social separation determines a distress analogous to opiate withdrawal. Orpm–/– pups would thus not experience either state because of the absence of the receptors mediating the response to social isolation or social comfort. Pharmacological activation of μ-opioid receptors also decreased UVs (16–18), suggesting that exogenous opioids mimic the positive state associated with mother's presence, thus reducing the UV response to isolation. We hypothesize that the deficit in the μ-opioids system of our knockout mice annihilate the natural association between reward and maternal stimuli, making these animals less sensitive to maternal separation.
Alterations of the attachment system have been considered as etiological factors for several psychiatric syndromes. Our data show that μ receptors are critical players in attachment disorders, supporting the classical hypothesis of Panksepp and co-workers (27, 28) that a malfunctioning of the endogenous opioids system may be implicated in the social indifference displayed by autistic infants. The present data also highlight mice lacking μ-opioid receptors as a useful animal model to evaluate the consequences of deficits in the affiliative system during development and adulthood.
Supporting Online Material
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5679/1983/DC1
SOM Text
H. V. D. Matthes et al., Nature 383, 819 (1996).
I. Sora et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 1544 (1997).
M. Martin, A. Matifas, R. Maldonado, B. L. Kieffer, Eur. J. Neurosci. 17, 701 (2003).
B. L. Kieffer, C. Gaverériaux-Ruff, Prog. Neurobiol. 66, 285 (2002).
D. Filliol et al., Nat. Genet. 25, 195 (2000).
Z. J. Panksepp, B. H. Herman, R. Conner, P. Bishop, J. P. Scott, Biol. Psychiatry 13, 607 (1978).
B. H. Herman, J. Panksepp, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 9, 213 (1978).
P. Kehoe, E. M. Blass, Dev. Psychobiol. 19, 385 (1986).
N. H. Kalin, S. E. Shelton, C. M. Barksdale, Brain Res. 440, 285 (1988).
E. E. Nelson, J. Panksepp, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 22, 437 (1998).
A. Agmo, S. Barreau, V. Lemaire, Dev. Neurosci. 19, 505 (1997).
J. Panksepp, E. Nelson, S. Siviy, Acta Paediatr. Suppl. 397, 40 (1994).
J. Bowlby, Attachment, vol. 1 of Attachment and Loss (Basic, New York, 1980).
J. P. Scott, in Proceedings of the IX Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum (Excerpta Medica Amsterdam, Paris, 1974), pp. 735–745.
F. R. D'Amato, S. Cabib, Behav. Neural Biol. 48, 197 (1987).
J. Panksepp, S. M. Siviy, L. A. Normansell, in The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation, M. Reite, T. Field, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1985), pp. 3–49.
S. E. Carden, G. A. Barr, M. A. Hofer, Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 62, 17 (1991).
D. Benton, in The Psychopharmacology of Addiction, M. H. Lader, Ed. (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1988), pp. 115–140.
J. T. Winslow, T. R. Insel, Behav. Neurosci. 105, 253 (1991).
D. J. Robinson, B. D'Udine, A. Oliverio, Behav. Processes 11, 253 (1985).
Information on materials and methods is available on Science Online.
T. L. Roth, R. M. Sullivan, Physiol. Behav. 78, 135 (2003).
M. A. Hofer, S. A. Brunelli, H. N. Shair, Dev. Psychobiol. 27, 503 (1994).
G. S. Dichter, S. A. Brunelli, M. A. Hofer, Physiol. Behav. 60, 299 (1996).
T. R. Insel, Physiol. Behav. 79, 351 (2003).
Because of restricted space it was not possible to provide a comprehensive review of the literature relevant for this research. More studies are reviewed in (10).
J. Panksepp, Trends Neurosci. 2, 174 (1989).
R. S. Chamberlain, B. H. Herman, Biol. Psychiatry 28, 773 (1990).
S. Mandillo, F. R. D'Amato, Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 146, 297 (1999).
We thank C. Gross for support and useful comments on an early version of this manuscript and F. Chiarotti for statistical advice.
You are going to email the following Deficit in Attachment Behavior in Mice Lacking the µ-Opioid Receptor Gene
By Anna Moles, Brigitte L. Kieffer, Francesca R. D'Amato
Science 25 Jun 2004 : 1983-1986
Mouse pups that lack a type of opioid receptor usually associated with pain and reward are less attached to their mothers than are normal pups.


Looking for a business? Check out the Warwick Business Directory.
Low: 71°F SUNNY. HUMID WITH HIGHS IN THE UPPER 80S. NORTHWEST WINDS 5 TO 10 MPH. OVERNIGHT: CLEAR IN THE EVENING...THEN BECOMING PARTLY CLOUDY. LOWS IN THE LOWER 70S. SOUTH WINDS 5 TO 10 MPH.
Low: 69°F PARTLY SUNNY. A CHANCE OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS IN THE AFTERNOON. HOT. HUMID WITH HIGHS IN THE LOWER 90S. SOUTHWEST WINDS 10 TO 15 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 25 MPH. CHANCE OF RAIN 30 PERCENT. HEAT INDEX VALUES UP TO 103. OVERNIGHT: PARTLY CLOUDY IN THE EVENING...THEN CLEARING. LOWS IN THE UPPER 60S. NORTHWEST WINDS 10 TO 15 MPH.
Low: 69°F MOSTLY SUNNY. HIGHS IN THE LOWER 80S. OVERNIGHT: PARTLY CLOUDY. LOWS IN THE UPPER 60S.
Low: 69°F PARTLY SUNNY WITH A CHANCE OF SHOWERS IN THE MORNING...THEN MOSTLY CLOUDY WITH A CHANCE OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS IN THE AFTERNOON. HIGHS IN THE LOWER 80S. CHANCE OF RAIN 30 PERCENT. OVERNIGHT: SHOWERS LIKELY WITH A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS. LOWS IN THE UPPER 60S. CHANCE OF RAIN 70 PERCENT.


text:
Use of biocides and insect repellents and risk of hypospadias
J Dugas1,2,3,
M J Nieuwenhuijsen1,2,3,4,
D Martinez1,2,3,
N Iszatt4,
P Nelson4,
P Elliott4
1Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
2IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
3CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
4Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Correspondence to Dr Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona - PRBB (office 183.05), C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; mnieuwenhuijsen{at}creal.cat
Background The relationship between the use of biocides and insect repellents and the risk of hypospadias was examined in a large case–control study in the South East of England.
Methods A case–control study was carried out among 471 cases of hypospadias referred to surgeons, and 490 randomly selected population-based controls, born between 1 January 1997 and 30 September 1998. Telephone interviews were conducted between September 2000 and March 2003. The questionnaire included information on demographic, lifestyle and environmental factors, including the use of biocides and insect repellents, during pregnancy. A total biocide score was created from summing positive responses to an eight-item biocide exposure questionnaire.
Results The use of insect repellent (adjusted OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.11) during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with risk of hypospadias, but none of the biocides, or indicators for them, except for the total biocide score for the highest two exposure categories (score 3: adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.94; and scores 4 and 5 combined: adjusted OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.01 to 8.78) showed statistically significant associations.
Conclusion The authors found an association between the use of insect repellent and total biocide score and risk of hypospadias. In particular, the use of insect repellent warrants further investigation, specifically in relation to type, content and frequency of use since this information was missing in the current study.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.047373
Funding The study was funded by a grant from the UK Health and Safety Executive/Department of Health/Department of the Environment, Transport and The Regions/European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC). Paul Nelson was supported by a Wellcome Trust Research Training Fellowship in Clinical Epidemiology and also in part by the North Thames Training Programme in Public Health Medicine. The study sponsors had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, or writing of the paper.
Competing interests None.
Ethics approval Ethics approval was given by the West Midlands Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
© 2010, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited For permission to use, (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.


text:
                ×

                Add Store Goods. Make sure you fill all required fields.

            <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" novalidate angular-validator name="addGoodForm" angular-validator-submit="AddGood()">

                            Date

                                <input type="text" class="form-control" name="dateEntered" datepicker-popup="{{format}}" ng-model="good.CreatedDate" is-open="datepicker.opened" datepicker-options="dateOptions" ng-required="true" datepicker-append-to-body="true" close-text="Close"
                                       validate-on="blur" required required-message="'Date is required'" ng-change="LoadLots()"/>

                                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" ng-click="openDatePicker($event)"></button>

                            Lot No
                            <select class="form-control dropdown" name="lotID" ng-model="good.Lot" ng-blur="LoadGoodDetails()"
                                    validate-on="blur" required required-message="'Lot No is required'"
                                    ng-options="lot.LotNo for lot in lots track by lot.ID">
                            </select>

                            Total Crate
                            <input class="form-control" name="totalcrate" type="text" ng-model="good.TotalCrate" ng-disabled="true">

                            Total Weight
                            <input class="form-control" name="weight" type="text" ng-model="good.TotalWeight" ng-disabled="true">

                            Total Dozen
                            <input class="form-control" name="dozen" type="text" ng-model="good.TotalDozen" ng-disabled="true">

                                Chamber No
                                <select class="form-control dropdown" name="chamber {{($index + 1)}}" ng-model="item.Chamber"
                                        validate-on="blur" required required-message="'Chamber No is required'"
                                        ng-options="chamber.ChamberName for chamber in chambers track by chamber.ID">
                                </select>

                                Dozen
                                <select class="form-control dropdown" name="dozen {{($index + 1)}}" ng-model="item.Measurement" ng-change="CalcualteTotalMeasurement()"
                                        validate-on="blur" required required-message="'Dozen is required'"
                                        ng-options="measurement.MeasurementUnit for measurement in measurements track by measurement.ID"></select>

                                No Of Crate
                                <input class="form-control" name="crateNo {{($index + 1)}}" type="text" ng-model="item.NumberOfCrate" ng-blur="CalculateTotalCrate()"
                                       ng-change="CalcualteTotalMeasurement()" validate-on="blur" required required-message="'Number of Crate is required'">

                                Crate Size
                                <select class="form-control dropdown" name="createSize {{($index + 1)}}" ng-model="item.Crate"
                                        validate-on="blur" required required-message="'Crate Size is required'"
                                        ng-options="crate.CrateSize for crate in crates track by crate.ID"></select>

                             0)" name="removeIcon" style="margin-top: 27px;" ng-click="RemoveGoodDetail($index)">

                    Add More Store Goods

                        <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Save" />

                        Cancel

            </form>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Can We Please Stop Saying "We Told You So"?
Beacon sounded the alarm way back when, arguing that TNInvestco was a risky deal for taxpayers and one that government had no business making.
Beacon often warns government officials when they're about to step in a mess. Sometimes they listen, other times, not so much. The legislature's approval of former Gov. Phil Bredesen's TNInvestco program back in 2009 and 2010 is unfortunately the latter.
The state sold $200 million in tax credits to insurance companies. Because no one would pay $1 for a $1 tax credit (they'd just pay the tax), the state sold these credits at a discount. So those insurance companies paid a total of $149 million to receive $200 million in tax credits, causing the state to lose $51 million right off the bat.
The state then gave that $149 million to 10 investment companies to be used to invest in start-ups. The firms were chosen by Bredesen's former commissioner of revenue and commissioner of economic and community development behind closed doors using criteria they refused to publicly release.
Those investment companies took a $29 million slice off the top to manage the funds and cover their costs. They then selected 181 different companies to receive the remaining $117 million, barely half the original amount allocated by the legislature.
When the start-ups are sold, merge with other companies, or are otherwise liquidated, any profit is split 50/50 between the investment company and the state.
According to a new Comptroller audit, a paltry $10.8 million in profit has resulted from the program in its first six years, leaving taxpayers with just $5.4 million in "returns" on their "investment." That's a whopping 2% of what they put in. I couldn't find any sane person who would take this deal, yet that's what we've just done in Tennessee.
The reason we did it is because, as Milton Friedman said, when I spend someone else's money on someone else, I'm not concerned about the result I get. Politicians spent your dollar on yet another person, and they got two pennies back. Let that sink in for a minute.
Even the rosiest picture shows TNInvestco has been a raw deal for taxpayers. According to the Department of Economic and Community Development, which oversees the program, TNInvestco had created 1,307 jobs as of 2014. That amounts to taxpayers paying $153,000 per job. The only problem with these numbers? They're wrong. The department overstated the number of jobs created by more than double. That's right, the Comptroller's audit revealed that the program has in reality created just 595 jobs, resulting in taxpayers forking over a staggering $336,000 per job.
Beacon sounded the alarm way back when, arguing that TNInvestco was a risky deal for taxpayers and one that government had no business making. I hate to say we feel vindicated, because that's a lot of money that taxpayers could have kept in their own pockets and used to pay their mortgage, buy groceries…or maybe even launch a start-up. Go figure.
Want to receive breaking news about the worst corporate welfare deals using your tax dollars? Sign up at www.EndCorporateHandouts.com.


text:
Compute pairwise cosine distances between embeddings.

Inherits From: [`Distance`](../../TFSimilarity/distances/Distance.md), [`ABC`](../../TFSimilarity/distances/ABC.md)

```python
TFSimilarity.distances.CosineDistance()
```

The [Cosine Distance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosine_similarity) is
an angular distance that varies from 0 (similar) to 1 (dissimilar).

## Methods

call

View source

``python
@tf.function``

```python
call(
    query_embeddings: <a href="../../TFSimilarity/callbacks/FloatTensor.md">TFSimilarity.callbacks.FloatTensor```
,
    key_embeddings: TFSimilarity.callbacks.FloatTensor```
</a>
) -> <a href="../../TFSimilarity/callbacks/FloatTensor.md">TFSimilarity.callbacks.FloatTensor```

```

Compute pairwise distances for a given batch of embeddings.

<!-- Tabular view -->
 <table class="responsive fixed orange">
<colgroup><col width="214px"><col></colgroup>
<tr><th colspan="2">Args</th></tr>

<tr>
<td>
<b>query_embeddings</b>
</td>
<td>
Embeddings to compute the pairwise one. The embeddings
are expected to be normalized.
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>
<b>key_embeddings</b>
</td>
<td>
Embeddings to compute the pairwise one. The embeddings
are expected to be normalized.
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<!-- Tabular view -->
 <table class="responsive fixed orange">
<colgroup><col width="214px"><col></colgroup>
<tr><th colspan="2">Returns</th></tr>

<tr>
<td>
<b>FloatTensor</b>
</td>
<td>
Pairwise distance tensor.
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<h3 id="get_config">get_config</h3>

<a target="_blank" class="external" href="https://github.com/tensorflow/similarity/blob/main/tensorflow_similarity/distances.py#L51-L52">View source</a>

```python
get_config()
```

<h3 id="__call__">__call__</h3>

<a target="_blank" class="external" href="https://github.com/tensorflow/similarity/blob/main/tensorflow_similarity/distances.py#L45-L46">View source</a>

```python
__call__(
    query_embeddings: TFSimilarity.callbacks.FloatTensor```
</a>,
    key_embeddings: <a href="../../TFSimilarity/callbacks/FloatTensor.md">TFSimilarity.callbacks.FloatTensor```

)
```

Call self as a function.


We believe that if you are going to do something, then it needs to be done properly.
This is reflected in how we provide our service to our community.
We treat all of those whom we Care for as the individuals that they are and not the conditions that they may have.
We review the Care packages of those whom we Care for regularly to ensure that we always provide you with how you wish to be Cared for.
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We pride ourselves on our Customer satisfaction, our passion, knowledge and delivery of Care.


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text:
This is a plugin for [Docker Machine](https://docs.docker.com/machine/) allowing
to create Docker hosts locally on [Parallels Desktop for Mac](http://www.parallels.com/products/desktop/)

## Requirements
* macOS 10.11+
* [Docker Machine](https://docs.docker.com/machine/) 0.5.1+ (is bundled to
  [Docker Toolbox](https://www.docker.com/docker-toolbox) 1.9.1+)
* [Parallels Desktop](http://www.parallels.com/products/desktop/) 11.0.0+ **Pro** or
**Business** edition (_Standard edition is not supported!_)

## Installation
Install via [MacPorts](https://www.macports.org):

```console
$ sudo port install docker-machine-parallels
```

Install via [Homebrew](https://brew.sh):

```console
$ brew install docker-machine-parallels
```

To install this plugin manually, download the binary `docker-machine-driver-parallels`
and  make it available by `$PATH`, for example by putting it to `/usr/local/bin/`:

```console
$ curl -L https://github.com/Parallels/docker-machine-parallels/releases/download/v2.0.1/docker-machine-driver-parallels > /usr/local/bin/docker-machine-driver-parallels

$ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine-driver-parallels
```

The latest version of `docker-machine-driver-parallels` binary is available on
the ["Releases"](https://github.com/Parallels/docker-machine-parallels/releases) page.

## Usage
Official documentation for Docker Machine [is available here](https://docs.docker.com/machine/).

To create a Parallels Desktop virtual machine for Docker purposes just run this
command:

```
$ docker-machine create --driver=parallels prl-dev
```

Available options:

 - `--parallels-boot2docker-url`: The URL of the boot2docker image.
 - `--parallels-disk-size`: Size of disk for the host VM (in MB).
 - `--parallels-memory`: Size of memory for the host VM (in MB).
 - `--parallels-cpu-count`: Number of CPUs to use to create the VM (-1 to use the number of CPUs available).
 - `--parallels-video-size`: Size of video memory for host (in MB).
 - `--parallels-share-folder`: Path to the directory which should be shared with the host VM. Could be specified multiple times, once per each directory.
 - `--parallels-no-share`: Disable the sharing of any directory.
 - `--parallels-nested-virtualization`: Enable nested virtualization.

The `--parallels-boot2docker-url` flag takes a few different forms. By
default, if no value is specified for this flag, Machine will check locally for
a boot2docker ISO. If one is found, that will be used as the ISO for the
created machine. If one is not found, the latest ISO release available on
[boot2docker/boot2docker](https://github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker) will be
downloaded and stored locally for future use.

This is the default behavior (when `--parallels-boot2docker-url=""`), but the
option also supports specifying ISOs by the `http://` and `file://` protocols.

Environment variables and default values:

| CLI option                          | Environment variable        | Default                  |
|-------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--------------------------|
| `--parallels-boot2docker-url`       | `PARALLELS_BOOT2DOCKER_URL` | *Latest boot2docker url* |
| `--parallels-cpu-count`             | `PARALLELS_CPU_COUNT`       | `1`                      |
| `--parallels-disk-size`             | `PARALLELS_DISK_SIZE`       | `20000`                  |
| `--parallels-memory`                | `PARALLELS_MEMORY_SIZE`     | `1024`                   |
| `--parallels-video-size`            | `PARALLELS_VIDEO_SIZE`      | `64`                     |
| `--parallels-share-folder`          | -                           | `/Users`                 |
| `--parallels-no-share`              | -                           | `false`                  |
| `--parallels-nested-virtualization` | -                           | `false`                  |

## Development

### Build from Source
If you wish to work on Parallels Driver for Docker machine, you'll first need
[Go](http://www.golang.org) installed (version 1.14+ is required).
Make sure Go is properly installed, including setting up a [GOPATH](http://golang.org/doc/code.html#GOPATH).

Run these commands to build the plugin binary:

```bash
$ go get -d github.com/Parallels/docker-machine-parallels
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/Parallels/docker-machine-parallels
$ make build
```

After the build is complete, `bin/docker-machine-driver-parallels` binary will
be created. If you want to copy it to the `${GOPATH}/bin/`, run `make install`.

### Managing Dependencies

When you make a fresh copy of the repo, all the dependencies are in `vendor/` directory for the build to work.
This project uses [golang/dep](https://golang.github.io/dep/) as dependency management tool.
Please refer to [`dep` documentation](https://golang.github.io/dep/docs/introduction.html) for further details.

### Acceptance Tests

We use [Bats](https://github.com/sstephenson/bats) for acceptance testing, so,
[install it](https://github.com/sstephenson/bats#installing-bats-from-source) first.

You also need to build the plugin binary by calling `make build`.

Then you can run acceptance tests using this command:

```bash
$ make test-acceptance
```

Acceptance tests will invoke the general `docker-machine` binary available by
`$PATH`. If you want to specify it explicitly, just set `MACHINE_BINARY` env variable:

```bash
$ MACHINE_BINARY=/path/to/docker-machine make test-acceptance
```

## Authors

* Mikhail Zholobov ([@legal90](https://github.com/legal90))
* Rickard von Essen ([@rickard-von-essen](https://github.com/rickard-von-essen))


Ekk Deewana Tha fame Amy Jackson has been slaying more than ever after she shared her pregnancy news on social media and the diva has been goals for all the mothers-to-be out there. Announcing the news on Mother's Day this year, Amy has been taking everything in her stride ever since, be it campaigning for health awareness, attending race courses, doing the round of interviews for magazines and TV or simply playing golf. While the 2.0 actress obviously seems to be on a roll, she flaunted her baby bump for the first time in a recent Instagram post and fans can't keep calm.
Amy was papped playing golf, earlier today and while the fan pages shared the viral video, Amy herself took to her Instagram handle to share a picture from the day in which she can be seen relaxing in her boyfriend's arms, donning a hot blue bikini teamed with a seashell choker and a pair of black sunglasses, while George caressed her baby bump. She captioned the viral picture as, "Bump spam has started" (sic).
Amy and George have been together for the past four years now. The rumours of their relationship first made the rounds in the year 2015. However, on New Year's eve this time, Amy announced her engagement with George. She posted a photo of the man kissing her as she flaunted her engagement ring.
She revealed through an Instagram post that she is expecting her first child with boyfriend George Panayiotou. The picture had a silhouette of Amy and George against the backdrop of a sunset with him planting a kiss on Amy's forehead. The heartfelt caption following the post revealed that it was being difficult for her to hold the excitement.