The work of the Trust is financed by a 'central fund' contribution from the academies, with the level of contribution determined based on the resources required above and beyond administration and management costs. This contribution will not exceed 5% of school budget shares. The range of functions provided by the 'central fund' is detailed in our Financial Considerations section.
The Chief Finance Office (CFO) is held to account by the Trust's Accounting Officer (CEO) and the Board of Trustees through the challenge and scrutiny of the Finance, Audit, Risk and Estates Committee.
The Finance, Audit, Risk and Estates Committee is comprised of a sub-group of Trustees (including the CEO and CFO as invited guests). The Committee ensures robust internal scrutiny, effective financial controls and compliance with all relevant legislation and guidance (including the proper use of public funds). By reporting to the Board of Trustees, the Finance, Audit, Risk and Estates Committee are able to provide the Board with assurance that risks are being effectively identified and managed.
The governance structure and financial controls framework of the MAT are designed to meet all the requirements set out by the ESFA through the Academies Financial Handbook.
Monthly management accounts are produced and shared with Trustees, and the CFO attends Board meetings and presents the management accounts to the Trustees. These management accounts represent the consolidated financial position of the MAT's academies, each of which are supported in the production of monthly monitoring reports. Budgets are produced for each academy, and the consolidated position for the MAT is presented to the Board for approval and adoption as the Trust's budget. There will continue to be particular and enhanced scrutiny of these monthly accounts as schools join and as the Trust expands.
A scheme of delegation is in operation to ensure appropriate authorisation of expenditure, in order that the Trustees can be assured that monies are being properly used. Additionally, a procurement framework is used to ensure economy, efficiency and value for money, which is compliant with the public procurement framework.
We operate through sound financial controls and processes to identify any weaknesses and risks to the financial sustainability of the model. Extensive and broad due diligence work is conducted before schools are admitted to the Trust, to identify any financial risks. Plans are put in place to mitigate any risks identified during due diligence work, and schools need to adhere to those plans following admission to the MAT.
A set of financial KPIs, monitored at school-level on a monthly basis, provides an early indication of schools where the financial position indicates vulnerability. On admission to the HfL MAT, schools accept that, where KPIs are not met, the Trust's central team will intervene and provide additional decision-making capacity and financial support to the appropriate academies.
Academy-level 3-year financial forecasts (consolidated at the MAT level) enable the Trustees to plan for the financial future of the HfL MAT. Three-year plans are presented annually to the Finance, Audit, Risk and Estates Committee and to the Board of Trustees, as part of the budget approval process.
The Trust takes a strong strategic approach to analysis of demographic and pupil data enabling it to proactively plan for changes in the forecasts of the numbers of pupils on each school's roll.


Bahrain.You are most welcome to visit us anytime.
I am sure I will stand much to gain.
> > hope it is OK.
> > to partake in whatever learning process I can.
> > > husband and my two school going children.
> > > silent listener.
> > new, Yahoo! TV.
> Bahrain.You are most welcome to visit us anytime.
> I am sure I will stand much to gain.
list members to get together with like-minded sadhakas on a regular basis.
of others on this list.


To make sure you are always comfy on the couch our new Personalized Soul Mates Valentine Throw Pillows will make your time spent on your couch that more enjoyable! These Valentine Pillow makes a perfect gift for any occasion spent with your loved one. This romantic gift will look and feel perfect while being display on your couch. Personalize your Soul Mates Throw Pillow with any couples names.
They called me...I made a mistake on my order...they fixed it at once. Order came much faster than expected. Looks good, thank you!
Additional Details Shop great Valentine's Day decor, personalized free from GiftsForYouNow! Find Valentine's Day signs and more.


Helicopter flight situation chart issued by the Okinawa Defense Bureau for Futenma Air Station based on the results of the survey for the month of June, 2010.
The survey did not indicate the specific number of flight activities observed straying off the routes set in the traffic pattern. All six people surveyed by the bureau for their view as experts are professional pilots or air traffic controllers of Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF).
Track charts are collated by months, with flight activities of off-trail traffic patterns observed. To a large extent, these flights were instances of going too far out of a traffic pattern over the airfield to the southwest from the north over places such as Futenma, Oyama, Mashiki and Ojana in Ginowan City, on circular flights around the base when landing or departing, but included flight in a straight line on the extended runway without going through the traffic pattern for helicopters.
With regard to wide-turn flights, the people responsible for the survey represented expert opinion by saying, "In emergency training with a certain traffic pattern, the helicopters might sometimes choose to land at the airport safely with a gentle turning angle. The Marine Corps must do some of its training in the context of assuming emergency situations," therefore indicating that flight protrusion beyond agreed limits was unavoidable.
The flight path for the Futenma Air Station was agreed on by the governments of Japan and the United States in 2007 after a U.S. Marine helicopter crashed onto Okinawa International University. According to the traffic pattern agreed upon, wherever possible aircraft must fly around the runway to flying avoid over residential areas. This is the first time that the Okinawa Defense Bureau has investigated the flight situation around Futenma Air Station in earnest, and has published result of its survey. The Ministry of Defense requested that to the maximum extent possible U.S. military operate their aircraft within the traffic pattern, and received a response from the U.S. side to the effect that they agreed to strictly comply with this.


Losing to the Flames is the worst! The degradation equivalent of losing to them is watching your dog take a dump and then doing the walk of shame back home with a blue bag in your hand. Everyone knows whats up, they know the feeling and nothing is worse, that is our lowest common denominator. The Canucks need the Flames to pick up after THEIR crap, THEY should feel that shame.
Short stories aside, Vancouver's orca warriors need to channel their inner hip hoppniss and thug out against these Flames. Calgary is all about the age old blue collar, hard working lunch bucket crew. You know what? Thats garbage. They have some young studs that can skate, should we really care? NO. We have the Jay Z / Kanye equivalent in Henrik and Daniel Sedin. These two collab on the tracks that move numbers, Art Ross numbers.
Monahan and Gaudreau don't have the greatest hits the Twins do, they haven't had 99 problems, they haven't achieved S**ins in Paris status, they're just a couple of kids earning their stripes. Hank and Danny know what its like to rub shoulders in the hip hop circle with G's like Drizzy Drake and he recognizes their thug level: dangerously high. These magicians didn't exactly start from the bottom…but they're here. Time to channel that 604.
First name: Trevor, Last name: Linden, like a Stanley Cup parade, it ain't nothin he's been in. He wants it all this year, so his crew has to harness that drive. Doresett, Sbisa and Tanev get to do it with a deal, while Matthias and Weber will do it without one this post season. This team started out local, and thanks to all the haters they know Air Canada pilots on a first name basis.
The Regulators that have done it for years: Bieksa, Burrows and Hansen need to bring their 2011 to the table and lead by example as a group. No one man should have all that power, its all about rolling four and getting those points from the Bo's and the Burr's, the Higgy's and the Richy's. The clock's tickin without more goals they'll just count the hours.
CLICK CLACK Nucks! Time to suit up, time to play like what those cheques say, time to play like what your neck say. You earned the bills, time to pay up with the thrills. You're down one game so far but you're about fourfiveseconds from wildin and there's no more days til Friday, ITS GAME DAY!
I'm not sure if this Canucks team is too strung out on compliments, getting to the playoffs maybe they overdosed on confidence, maybe they don't care and stopped fearing the consequences. Well Vancouver, you fell off, you needed that, you needed to know. You can beat this Flames team no problem, they aren't YOU. They don't have what you do, you better do what you're supposed to do, that Sedin-Sedin to Vrbata is overdue but thats just something you know already, you know…..you know.
Its STANLEY OVER EVERYTHING, STANLEY ON YOUR MIND! As Canuck fans we hear this, it happens all the time.
A season ago, this team looked a lot different. Now, there's way too many people here right now that we didn't have last year, who are these guys? I swear it feels like the last few nights we've had every excuse that's bad, but this series, you beat these shames til its over, til its over, til its far from over.
Eddie, you got the net now. You didn't get it by slacking off, you got there on hard work. When Miller came you basically needed to be Cinderella Man. This game can ill afford to lose you, so here's a clue, you came to the game with a Johnny on your blocker lost your balance too! The series is all up in your psyche too, be that Cinderella Man Eddie, overcome, shut that door; get your team to stand behind you like WOO! Get in that zone, forget the past Eddie Lack, you're the man right now.
So Canucks, this may not mean nothing at all, understand nothing was won for me…Wednesday. We want this cup forever. Those alumni want it too so Dave Babych don't kill my vibe! Remember, we didn't start the fire; it was always burning since the world's been turning.
Canucks in 6, first win in Game 2 wouldn't hurt.


text:
Pre-Assess Account
Pre-Assess Account FAQ
Below are questions and answers regarding the ESGI Pre-Assess Accounts. At the bottom of this Support Page, there is a video that walks through setting up the account.
Q: What is pre-assessing?
A: Pre-assessing is typically a pre-screening of incoming kindergartners. It may also be called kindergarten round-up. Oftentimes it is done in the spring to determine placement for the next school year.
Q: How is this done using ESGI?
A: If you have an active ESGI trial or paid subscription, we will create a free pre-assess account to screen all of your incoming students. The account works exactly like a regular teacher account except that a large number of students can be tested in it. It is, however, only open for a short period of time.
Q: We have a team of teachers that pre-assess incoming students. Do we each need our own pre-assess account?
A: Multiple teachers can be logged into the account at the same time, so the pre-assess account login credentials should be shared with these teachers. Pre-assessing students should not be done in individual teacher accounts. Each school can have a separate pre-assess account for use at that school only. Pre-assess accounts are not available at the district level.
Q: How do I request a Pre-Assess Account?
A: To get started, please complete this form. After your pre-assess account has been created, the username and password will be provided. A Quick Reference Guide will also be sent to you.
Q: We had a Pre-Assess Account last year. Do we use the same one and how do we get access?
A: Please email support@esgisoftware.com and provide the username, school name, district name and when your school will begin pre-assessing. We will reopen the account for you!
Q: I'm logged into the pre-assess account. Now what?
A: Add the students by clicking on the "Add" button and manually enter each student. When selecting the grade level, be sure to enter their current grade for the school year that they are pre-assessed in. In mid-July, ESGI will "graduate" students to the next grade level from their grade in the spring:
Pre-K(3) graduates to Pre-K(4)
Pre-K(4) graduates to K
Pre-K graduates to K
TK graduates to K
**Please refer to the detailed instructions included in the email received when the pre-assess account was created or reopened.**
Q: What assessments are available and how do I add them to the pre-assess account?
A: Our Friend of ESGI, Vanessa Levin, has authored a ready-to-go pre-screener that you can use as-is or modify to meet your needs. Click this link to find Vanessa's tests. Transfer your paper assessments easily into ESGI by creating your own assessments. Click this link for instructions on creating your own tests. Please click the link below for a video on finding and using tests in Test Explorer:
How to use Test Explorer
An ESGI District Administrator can create a tab with the tests and share it with teachers. Administrators can click the link below to view the how-to video:
Managed Subject Tabs Help Page
Q: I'm a Kindergarten teacher and want to see data from the pre-assessing that was done in the spring, but I can't find the data!
A: Go to Student Explorer and drag the pre-assessed student names into your class. DO NOT click the Add button and manually type their names! If they are manually added, a duplicate student record will be created that does not have the pre-assess data. Reminder: Be sure you have added the exact same tests used in the pre-assess account to your individual account. Our How to Use Test Explorer Support Page shows you how.
Please click on the link below to view the how-to video:
Student Explorer Video Tutorial
Q: Which reports should I run with the pre-assess data?
A: The personalized Parent Letter and Flash Cards can be sent home immediately. The Class Totals Report can be ranked to assist with class placement of students. A short video on Sorting the Class Totals Report is available. The data collected during the pre-assessment will automatically be shown as the B score (Baseline score) on the reports. This Support Page is helpful in Explaining the B Score in the Class Totals Report.
Q: What is in the Parent Letter?
A: Purpose: The Parent Letter is meant to inform the student's parents of the known and unknown skills.
Summary: The Parent Letter, in English or Spanish, generates a personalized letter with each student's test results. The teacher can customize the data that they would like to show. This report can be saved as a Word file or saved as a PDF. The Question Notes taken during the assessment can be included on the parent letter.
Q: What are the Flash Cards?
A: Purpose: Flash Cards provide the student and/or parent with the items that the student missed on an assessment so that they can practice at home.
Summary: The Flash Cards provide an opportunity to print a hard copy of each item a student got incorrect on an assessment. The Flash Cards can be printed for one individual student or for the entire class. A full set of Flash Cards may also be printed so that a student can practice every item on an assessment whether they got it correct or incorrect.
Q: What is the Class Totals Report?
A: Purpose: The Class Totals Report shows growth over time, summarizes each student's score for each test on one page, and allows teachers to rank their class based on the data.
Summary: The Class Totals Report lists each student in the class and their most current number of correct answers for each test that has been given during each marking period in the selected Subject Tab. The score for each marking period will reflect the last time you tested during that period. Students can be sorted (or ranked) according to their score for any test, during any marking period. This helps identify the students who need support in any given area.
Pricing/Quotes/Purchasing
Edit/Modify a Test
Retest All or Test Incorrect
Auto Test Creator
Exporting Test Data

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nicolás María Rubió Tudurí  (Mahón, 5 de febrero de 1891 - Barcelona, 4 de mayo de 1981) fue un arquitecto, diseñador de jardines, urbanista y escritor español.

Biografía
Hijo del ingeniero militar Mariano Rubió Bellver y de Maria Tudurí Monjo, era sobrino del arquitecto Juan Rubió, así como hermano del ingeniero Santiago Rubió Tudurí y del diputado Mariano Rubió Tudurí. En 1897 su familia se estableció en Barcelona. Se graduó en 1915 en la Escuela de Arquitectura de Barcelona, donde fue discípulo de Francesc d'Assís Galí y de Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier. Después fue profesor de arquitectura de jardines en la Escuela Superior de Bellos Oficios de la Mancomunidad de Cataluña y en 1917 fue nombrado director de Parques y jardines de Barcelona, cargo en el que estuvo hasta 1937. En 1920 fue nombrado arquitecto municipal de Esplugas de Llobregat, así como director de la revista Civitas.

Durante varios años colaboró con Forestier, principalmente en el ajardinamiento de la montaña de Montjuïc. Con el paisajista francés realizó un conjunto de marcado carácter mediterráneo y de gusto clasicista, centrado en la constitución de los Jardines de Laribal (1917-1924) y de Miramar (1919-1923). El equipo formado por Forestier y Rubió dejó varias realizaciones más en la ciudad, como el ajardinamiento de la Plaza de Armas del Parque de la Ciudadela (1915) y el Parque del Guinardó (1918).

Rubió Tudurí fue uno de los máximos representantes del novecentismo, un movimiento de renovación de la cultura que pretendía acercarla a las innovaciones producidas en el recién estrenado siglo XX, y que contrariamente a los valores nórdicos que defendía el modernismo propugnaba el retorno al mundo mediterráneo, a la cultura clásica grecolatina. En su faceta como director de Parques y Jardines fue el principal promotor del «jardín mediterráneo», lo que se denota en obras suyas como los jardines de la plaza Francesc Macià (1925), el Parque de la Font del Racó (1926), los jardines del Palacio Real de Pedralbes (1927) y los del Turó Park (1933). En 1933 fundó la Escuela Municipal de Aprendices Jardineros,  actual Instituto de Educación Secundaria Municipal Rubió Tudurí. En 1926 propuso con el texto El problema de los espacios libres —presentado en el XI Congreso Nacional de Arquitectos— la colocación de una serie de espacios verdes en forma de semicírculos concéntricos entre los ríos Besós y Llobregat, a todo lo largo de la sierra de Collserola, con pequeños enclaves en la parte interior de la ciudad al estilo de los squares londinenses; lamentablemente, el proyecto no fue ejecutado, excepto en pequeñas porciones.

Como arquitecto, en 1922 participó en el diseño del pabellón de Radio Barcelona en el Tibidabo, e introdujo en Cataluña las tendencias de Le Corbusier. Entre 1922 y 1936 construyó la Iglesia de Santa María Reina en Pedralbes (Barcelona), una filial del Monasterio de Montserrat, donde denota una cierta influencia estilística basada en el Renacimiento italiano, principalmente en el arquitecto Filippo Brunelleschi.

Cuando se celebró la Exposición Internacional de Barcelona de 1929 le encargaron los hoteles de la Plaza de España, donde alternó el clasicismo con el uso del ladrillo visto, y aprovechó la Exposición para presentar con R. Argilés el proyecto Barcelona futura, donde potenciaba el crecimiento natural. Entre 1927 y 1929 fue ayudante de Joaquim Llansó en las obras de urbanización de la Plaza de Cataluña. En 1932 participó en el Primer Congreso de Arquitectos de Lengua Catalana en la ponencia de política urbanística.

En 1932 la Generalidad de Cataluña le encargó un proyecto de planificación regional (regional planning); como resultado publicó, con su hermano Santiago, un Plan de Distribución en Zonas del Territorio Catalán. Simultáneamente, en 1934 construyó el edificio de la Metro Goldwyn Mayer en Barcelona. También publicó artículos sobre arquitectura en D'Ací i d'Allà, Revista de Catalunya, Mirador, La Publicitat y Arquitectura i Urbanisme.

Exiliado en París durante la Guerra Civil Española, el 23 de junio de 1938 hizo gestiones en Londres como delegado de la Generalidad de Cataluña con Josep Maria Batista i Roca para conseguir firmar un armisticio que aislase Cataluña de una España que veía ya en manos de Franco. No volvió del exilio hasta 1946, y desde entonces hasta su muerte trabajó en el ámbito privado. En esta segunda etapa de su obra su estilo en jardinería se distanció del mediterraneísmo influido por Forestier de sus primeras realizaciones, que fue sustituido por un paisajismo cosmopolita de influencia estadounidense, que busca la máxima apariencia natural en el paisaje, como se denota en jardines como los realizados para Edmundo Bebié (1950), Ramon Rovira (1953), el Castillo de la Luz en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (1956), los Jardines Bertran i Güell (1962), los del Hotel Cap Sa Sal en Bagur (1963), los Jardines de Jaume Vicens i Vives (1967), los de la Plaza de Gaudí (1981), etc.

En 1977 el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona le encargó la urbanización de la Plaza de Gaudí, frente a la fachada del Nacimiento de la Sagrada Familia. Este fue su trabajo póstumo, puesto que Rubió Tudurí falleció cuatro meses antes de la inauguración de los nuevos jardines, en septiembre de 1981.

En 1989 fue declarado hijo predilecto de Mahón a título póstumo.

Obras

Diseño de jardines
 Vivero de Can Borni (1917-1923), Barcelona.
 Jardín Botánico Santa Clotilde (1919), Lloret de Mar. (Concebido e inspirado por el I Marqués de Roviralta de Santa Clotilde, don Raúl Roviralta y Astoul).
 Jardines de la Plaza de la Sagrada Familia (1922), Barcelona.
 Parque de la Font del Racó (1922-1928), Barcelona.
 Jardines de la Plaza de Letamendi (1923), Barcelona.
 Jardines de la Plaza Francesc Macià (1925), Barcelona.
 Jardines del Palacio Real de Pedralbes (1925-1927), Barcelona.
 Jardines de Salvador Espriu (1929), Barcelona.
 Jardines del Turó Park (1933), Barcelona.
 Jardín de Edmundo Bibié (1950), Barcelona.
 Jardín de Eduard Rosa (1951), Barcelona.
 Club de golf en el Hotel Catalina de Las Palmas (1952).
 Jardín de Ramon Rovira (1953), Llavaneres.
 Jardín del Hotel El Mizah (1953), Tánger.
 Jardín de Josep Serratosa (1954), Valencia.
 Parque del Hotel Playa de La Fosca (1955), Palamós.
 Jardín de Joan Botey (1956), Formentor.
 Jardín del Castillo de la Luz en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (1956).
 Jardín del Barón de Viver (1957), Argentona.
 Jardín Milans del Bosch (1957), La Moraleja, Madrid.
 Jardín de José Soler Burgos (1959), Torrente (Valencia).
 Jardín-terraza El Albergue (1960), Sitges.
 Jardín de Max Cahner (1961), Barcelona.
 Jardín del Hotel de Mar (1962), Palma de Mallorca.
 Jardines Bertran i Güell (1962), Barcelona.
 Jardín del Hotel Cap Sa Sal (1963), Bagur.
 Jardín pabellón Eduard Rosa (1964), Calella de Palafrugell.
 Jardín Marqués de Larios (1965), Los Llanos, Albacete.
 Jardín del Parador Nacional de Turismo de Jávea (1965).
 Jardines de Jaume Vicens i Vives (1967), Barcelona.
 Jardín de Felip Gaspard (1968), Valldemosa.
 Jardines de la plaza de Gaudí, frente a la Sagrada Familia (1981).

Edificios
 Pabellón de Ràdio Barcelona (1922-1929), Barcelona.
 Iglesia de Santa María Reina (1922-1936), Barcelona.
 Hoteles de la Plaza de España (1929), Barcelona.
 Urbanización La Ducanada (1932), Alcudia.
 Edificio de Metro Goldwyn Mayer (1934), Barcelona.
 Edificio de viviendas de la calle Muntaner (1934), Barcelona.
 Edificio de la Fundación Textil Algodonera (1959) (Hotel Cotton House desde 2015), Barcelona. 5000 metros cuadrados sobre el Palacete Boada de 1879.

Libros
 Caceres a l'Àfrica tropical (1926).
 Diàlegs sobre l'arquitectura (1927).
 Jardines de Barcelona (1929).
 Sahara-Níger (1932).
 Un sospir de llibertat (1932).
 El jardí meridional (1934).
 Cacera en el no-res (1954).
 Viatges i caceres a l'Àfrica negra (1960).
 El jardí obra d'art (1960).
 No ho sap ningú (1961).
 Ulisses a l'Argòlida (1962).
 El templo egipcio y la divinidad animal (1965).
 Un crim abstracte o el jardiner assassinat (1965).
 Del paraíso al jardín latino (1981).

Notas

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Arquitectos de España del siglo XX
Escritores de España del siglo XX
Paisajistas de España
Fallecidos en Barcelona
Nacidos en Mahón

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For the new Liga MX Puma has now launched the fantastic new Monterrey Home Football Shirt 2016-17 that is inspired by the kits worn in the 1990's. This is a short-sleeved jersey with a V-neck style neckline finished with a folded collar style. Supplied from Puma in a wide range of sizes, so use the dropdown menu located below to select your desired size.
The Monterrey home shirt is white in color and is adorned with a unique navy stripe design, located on the front and back but leaving space for sponsorship logos and number to the rear. This 2016-17 Monterrey is a new addition to Soccer Box and is sure to sell out fast, so waste no time in purchasing yours today.
Avid fans of the Monterrey football club will be keen to get kitted out in their brand new kit, so be prepared for the 2016-17 Liga MX with this must have home shirt. To guarantee authenticity and high quality all our goods are supplied direct from the manufacturer's warehouse.
Boasting with great team pride with the navy striping adorned on the shirt that is also featured on the Monterrey club crest situated to the chest; making this is a distinct piece of C.F. Monterrey merchandise.
Browse the Soccer Box online store and be sure to make a purchase for your desired piece of merchandise today!


Our 250gm soap nut berries give you 3 months worth of washing, based on one load per day. That works out to less than 17 cents a wash!
Use these soap nuts for washing in both top loader and front loader machines, as well as using to clean your bathrooms, benches and floors – click here to see how making the soap nut liquid from these soap berries gives you loads of options to reduce your households toxic load.
The 250gm size is a great introduction to using a natural laundry detergent in your home, once you see how they work you can save even more money per load with the 500gm soap nut bag.
Our soap nuts are packaged in a calico drawstring bag for easy use, there is also an internal plastic bag to ensure your soap nuts stay dry and active.
Provided in each supply of our natural soap nuts is also the small calico bag to use in the washing machine. Full instructions for use including making the soap nut liquid are printed on the back of every Pure Revolution bag of natural soap nuts.
AND you can rest assured you are reducing your families toxic chemical load, one wash at a time!


Attend a practical nursing program of at least ten months in duration and more than 1,500 hours of theory. Half of these hours must have been direct or indirect (observed) nursing experience.
Apply for licensure with the Connecticut Department of Public Health and pay the $75 initial application fee. You can find an application form here. Send them your official nursing school transcripts. If you attended a nursing program outside of Connecticut, the nursing program director must also complete and send a Verification of Theory and Clinical Instruction form to the Connecticut Department of Public Health.
Did you know: According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics,LPNs in Connecticutearn a mean hourly wage of $24.90 or a mean annual wage of $51,780? Actual wages can vary depending on position and work experience.


Microsoft Visual Studio ဆိုတဲ့ Start Page ေပၚလာရင္ Page ေပၚမွာ Create: အေနာက္က Project ... ဆိုတာကို ႏွိပ္လိုက္ပါ ..
အေပၚကအတိုင္းဖြင့္ၿပီးလို႔ New Project ဆိုတဲ့ Box ေလးေပၚလာရင္ Visual C++ --> Win32 Console Application ကို Select ေပးလိုက္ပါ ..
A project for creating a Win32 console application ဆိုတဲ့ေအာက္က Name ေနရာမွာ ႏွစ္သက္ရာ အမည္တစ္ခုခုေပးလိုက္ပါ .. ၿပီးရင္ Ok ေပးလိုက္ပါ ..
Ok ေပးလိုက္တာနဲ႔ Win32 Application Wizard .... ... ဆိုတဲ့ Box ေလးထပ္ေပၚလာပါလိမ့္မယ္ ..
Application Settings ဆိုတာကို Select ေပးၿပီး Additional options: ေအာက္က Empty project ကို အမွန္ျခစ္ေပးလိုက္ပါ ..
Solution Explorer ဆိုတာ ဘယ္လိုဟာေလးလဲဆိုတာ ေအာက္မွာ အနီေရာင္ဝိုင္းၿပီး ျပထားေပးပါတယ္ ..
တကယ္လို႔ Solution Explorer ဆိုတာမရွိခဲ့ရင္ View --> Solution Explorer ဆိုတာကို ႏွိပ္လိုက္ပါ .. Solution Explorer ေပၚလာပါလိမ့္မယ္ ..
Add New Item .. ဆိုတဲ့ box ေပၚလာရင္ Categories: ေအာက္က Code ကို select ေပးလိုက္ပါ ..
ညာဘက္က Templates: ဆိုတဲ့ေအာက္က C++File(.cpp) ဆိုတာကို ထပ္ၿပီး select ေပးပါ ..
တကယ္လို႔ Error List Box ေလးရွိၿပီးသားဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ဘာမွ လုပ္စရာမလိုပါဘူး .. မရွိေသးဘူးဆိုရင္ View --> Error List ကိုနွိပ္လိုက္ပါ ..
ဒီေလာက္အထိ ျပင္ဆင္ၿပီးသြားရင္ program စေရးလို႔ရပါၿပီ ..
run တဲ့ပံုစံကိုေျပာဖို႔အတြက္ ေရးထားတဲ့ program တစ္ပုဒ္ေတာ့လိုအပ္တဲ့အတြက္ ေအာက္ပါအတိုင္း program အလြယ္တစ္ပုဒ္ကို ေရးလိုက္ပါ့မယ္ ..
Error List Box ထဲမွာ ဘာေၾကာင့္မွားေနတယ္ဆိုတာကို ေရးထားေပးပါတယ္ ..
ဘယ္စာေၾကာင္းက မွားေနသလဲဆိုတာကို အလြယ္တကူရွာခ်င္ရင္ေတာ့ Error List Box ထဲမွာ ျပထားတဲ့ error စာေၾကာင္းကို double click လိုက္ပါ .. မွားေနတဲ့ စာေၾကာင္းကို cursor ကေရာက္သြားပါလိမ့္မယ္ ..
ဒီေလာက္ဆိုရင္ Console Application ေလးေတြ ဆက္ေရး ၊ ဆက္ေလ့လာလို႔ရေလာက္ပါၿပီ ..
အားတဲ့ တခ်ိန္ခ်ိန္မွာ Window Application ေရးသားပံု အၾကမ္းဖ်င္းေလး သိသေလာက္ ေရးေပးပါ့မယ္ ..
တကယ္လို႔ မိမိေရးထားတဲ့ program ေတြကို C:\Documents and Settings\Your Computer Name\My Documents\Visual Studio 2005\Projects ထဲမွာမဟုတ္ပဲ အျခားေနရာမွာ save ခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ Program ကို စေရးဖို႔ Project ကို စၿပီး Create ( File --> New --> Project ... ) လုပ္ကတည္းက Location ဆိုတဲ့ေနရာမွာ Browse မွတဆင့္ မိမိ Save ခ်င္တဲ့ေနရာကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ေပးလိုက္ပါ ..
ဒါဆိုရင္ မိမိေရြးထားတဲ့ေနရာကိုပဲ auto save ေပးေနပါလိမ့္မယ္ ..
အကယ္၍ ေနာက္တစ္ခါ project အသစ္ကို create ျပန္လုပ္တဲ့အခါမွာလည္း လက္ရွိေရြးထားေပးတဲ့ ေနရာမွာပဲ save ေပးပါလိမ့္မယ္ ..
Program ေနာက္အသစ္တစ္ပုဒ္ ကိုေရးမယ္ဆိုရင္ File --> New --> Project ... ကေနျပန္စရင္ပိုေကာင္းမယ္လို႔ထင္ပါတယ္ ..
ဒါမွ မိမိ ေလ့လာထားတဲ့ program ေတြကို မိမိသတ္မွတ္ထားတဲ့ Program Folder Name ေတြအလိုက္ ျပန္ရွာဖြင့္ၿပီး ျပန္ၾကည့္လို႔အဆင္ေျပမွာပါ ..
လက္ရွိေရးေနတဲ့ program ဟာ E:\ Drive ထဲမွာရွိတဲ့ C++ ဆိုတဲ့ Folder ထဲမွာ save ထားတယ္ဆိုၾကပါစို႔ ..
ဒါဆိုရင္ အဲ့ဒီ လက္ရွိေရးေနတဲ့ Program ရဲ႕ cpp ဖိုင္ဟာ E:\C++\Your Program Folder\Your Program Folder ထဲမွာပဲ .cpp ဆိုၿပီး ဖိုင္တစ္ဖိုင္ရွိပါတယ္ ..
အဲ့ဒီ .cpp ဖိုင္ကိုပဲ မိမိေရးထားတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းအရာ အမည္ေလးတပ္ၿပီး တစ္ေနရာရာမွာသပ္သပ္သိမ္းထားလိုက္ပါ ..
ဒါေပမယ့္ cpp ဖိုင္ပဲသိမ္းထားမယ္ဆိုရင္ ေရးထားတဲ့ Code ေတြကိုပဲ ၾကည့္လို႔ရပါမယ္ .. အဲ့ဒီ .cpp ဆိုတဲ့ file ကို Microsoft Visual C++ .. နဲ႔ဖြင့္ၿပီး run ၾကည့္လို႔ေတာ့မရပါဘူး ..
တကယ္လို႔ သိမ္းထားတဲ့ cpp ဖိုင္ကို run ၾကည့္ခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ File --> New --> Project ... ကေန project တစ္ခု အသစ္ျပန္လုပ္လိုက္ပါ ..
ေနာက္ဆံုး Project ကို Create လုပ္ၿပီးသြားလို႔ Source Files မွာ Item အသစ္ ထပ္ Add တဲ့အခါမွာ Add --> New Item... ဆိုၿပီး ထပ္မလုပ္ေတာ့ပဲ Add --> Existing Item ... ဆိုတာကိုႏွိပ္ၿပီး မိမိ run ခ်င္တဲ့ cpp ဖိုင္ကို Add လိုက္ပါ ..
Program ကို စေရးဖို႔ Project ကို စၿပီး Create ( File --> New --> Project ... ) လုပ္ကတည္းက Location ဆိုတဲ့ေနရာမွာ Browse မွတဆင့္ မိမိ Save ခ်င္တဲ့ေနရာကို Target ေပးမထားရင္ေတာ့ C:\Documents and Settings\Your Computer Name\My Documents\Visual Studio 2005\Projects ထဲမွာ မိမိေရးလိုက္တဲ့ Program က auto save ၿပီးျဖစ္ေနပါလိမ့္မယ္ .. ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္ အဲ့ဒီ Program ကို ျပန္ဖြင့္ၾကည့္ခ်င္ (or) ျပန္ျပင္ခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ C:\Documents and Settings\Your Computer Name\My Documents\Visual Studio 2005\Projectsထဲမွာရွိတဲ့ မိမိ ျပန္ဖြင့္ၾကည့္ခ်င္ (or) ျပန္ျပင္ခ်င္တဲ့ Program Folder Name ကိုဖြင့္လိုက္ပါ ..
ျပန္မျပင္ဘူး ဖြင့္ၾကည့္႐ံုသက္သက္ပဲဆိုရင္ေတာ့ အဲ့ဒီ Program Name Folder ထဲမွာရွိတဲ့ .cpp ဖိုင္ကို Right Click --> Open With --> Notepad နဲ႔ အလ်င္အျမန္ၾကည့္နိုင္ပါတယ္ ..


Tremont Art Walk This Friday!
Come check out Tremont this Friday the 8th from 6 to 10. This is your chance to experience one of Cleveland's coolest neighborhoods, Tremont, while also experiencing one of the reasons it is so gosh darn cool, the arts. Artists such as Gisela Twner, Charles Ramer, and Virginia Cirino will be featuring their art on the walls and floors of local businesses. Don't be shy come see something special this Friday.
Previous Post Parade the Circle-FREE-Sat June 11th!
Next Post Will I see you at the Taste of Tremont Tomorrow?


Prior to issuing the 2009 "Final Report" containing proposed principles for improving the civil justice process, IAALS and the ACTL Task Force on Discovery and Civil Justice engaged in extensive background research to help define observed problems in the system—problems that decrease access to the judicial process, such as unnecessary cost and excessive delay. This work sparked a national conversation about the future of our civil justice system, further research on the litigation process by a number of individuals and organizations, and the establishment of numerous pilot projects in state and federal courts around the country.
To help make sense of the latest research and to bring it down to a manageable size, we have created a Summary of Empirical Research on the Civil Justice Process: 2008–2013. This report provides a synthesis of the relevant empirical research conducted by a variety of organizations and individuals, including IAALS, the Federal Judicial Center, the National Center for State Courts, the RAND Corporation, and others. It encapsulates the findings from 39 separate studies into a readable compendium, organized by topic for ease of reference (generally following how a case moves through the civil court process, but also including aspects that span all phases of litigation).
We hope this new report will prove to be an asset to those engaged in the study and improvement of the American civil justice process. To be effective, changes should be empirically based to the extent possible, making the collection and absorption of the research absolutely essential. As empirical research on the civil justice process continues, our intent is to update this publication periodically. All comments and feedback are most welcome.


To fly cheap or not to fly cheap?
First of all, let's just admit, coming from a hot and humid country like India, we don't fancy sunny places that much. But having lived in a chilly and somewhat gloomy place like Finland for quite some time we were in dire need of some sun. So after poring over our options we finally chose the Mediterranean this summer and set out to discover the city of 'so many unfinished monuments', not on a Kon Tiki style raft of course but a cheap Vueling flight.
This flight from Helsinki to Barcelona was all about (let's just say) 'very rude and dull' flight attendants. During the noisy flight (too many kids), we called for in-flight snacks thrice and the air hostesses just ignored the calls each time. Even after we pressed the service button nobody came to ask or to turn the switch off. Talk about being left high and dry!
It's not that we fancy cheap airline food, but we had super hungry stomachs to deal with. At last, when my husband went up to the flight attendant she was eating her own meal and finally decided to come to our seats to take the order.
To our amazement, she came with the fork she was eating with and gave us a 'how-dare-you-disturb-me-when-I-am-eating' look. We wanted to lodge an official complaint with the airline but decided against it as it looked like the flight attendants actually wanted us to complain. Dear Vueling, aren't you paying these moody women enough?
Lesson 1- Never eat at the first restaurant you see.
There will be better options. Always. So we landed in Barcelona hungry & excited and decided to focus on the excitement part till we found a Chinese restaurant near La Mar Bella Beach. A bad choice to begin a long-awaited vacation because the food was expensive, tasteless and came with four men constantly staring at us.
In India, we are so much used to being stared and even groped at public places that these men looked perfectly normal. So we concentrated on the food.
Booze and water for the same price? Almost.
Our Air BnB room was located near the beach at a building which has large Spanish windows and a considerably old façade. But from inside, it was a modern apartment with all the necessary amenities. Our host Cristina was nice and we didn't have problems interacting even though she didn't speak much English.
It was my first stay in a B&B and was glad that Cristina let us use her kitchen. So we ran to the grocery store and our eyes popped when we saw beer cans at the price of just 50 cents (almost a dream in Finland). And a water bottle for 20 cents! We decided to buy water in case you are wondering.
Because, beer doesn't hydrate you. However, one can get drunk on the very idea of such cheap liquor. On the contrary, drinking in restaurants and pubs in Barcelona is costly. So is the food.
Stand in line for sightseeing? Never happened except at the Eiffel tower.
We tried the most popular Spanish dish Paella along with the yummiest Bocadillo Bacon (served as tapas with pickled olives) I have ever tasted in my life. Honestly speaking, the Paella tasted good but it was nothing but 'Indian khichdi' that we eat when we are not well. No spices and lots of veggies! It was tasty nevertheless.
This happened when we failed to get a ticket to enter the most iconic monument in Barcelona- Sagrada Familia. The queue was too long and the next entry was after 3 hours. From outside it was spectacular and I am sure it looks amazing from inside too. Maybe we would come back when they finish the monument in 2028 or a decade later. Not sure, we would have strong bones to stand in a queue then but one can buy online tickets of course (which we didn't think of doing this time).
So we decided to skip this place and spent some time at FCB lab which was located just opposite to Sagrada. There was a nice museum inside and a store selling all the FCB souvenirs one can imagine. From socks to coffee coasters. And not to mention expensive jerseys.
Sunbathing? I hate sunburns but sure.
Because we needed to store some sunlight for the winters in Finland. As expected, Barcelona was warm and inviting and we swam to our hearts' content at a couple of city beaches. I am still carrying the ugly tan but loved the sunny beaches. Especially, the Barceloneta beach. But city beaches are not meant for quiet strolls on the beach or serious sun gazing.
The moment you get up to get a drink your spot is taken by a new arrival. And not to forget the repeated words of caution you keep hearing in popular tourist spots about minding your bags and wallets. So you are forced to keep your eyes wide open and it kind of spills water on the fun.
Port Olympic was the coolest place to hang out in the evening. Perfect for a Segway ride or a private yacht party. I didn't do any. Because I am scared of speed and insanely frugal. But my husband has an expensive taste of course. So he went for a few of adventure sports options. Sadly, I didn't let him drive a Ferrari in Paris. The Ferrari was for rent of course and as expected super expensive.
Being the frugal b***h I am, I didn't let him drive it. Now, this is going to haunt me for the rest of my life. I deeply regret it though.
Speaking of expensive places, there's no dearth of options. Rooftop bars are available everywhere. Both expensive and insanely expensive. And from La Rambla to Barri Gotic to Placa Catalunya- you will see three things for sure. Inviting clubs, outrageously good looking Spanish men and expensive cars.
Damn! Where did I park my yacht?
When in Spain take a road trip for sure.
Happy that we had a backup plan for getting up, close and personal with the Mediterranean. For this, we decided to do a road trip to Palafrugell, a municipality in the North-Eastern Spain. In Catalan, they call this gorgeous coastal stretch Costa Brava meaning the wild coast in English. The best part, reaching Palafrugell is only a matter of one and half hour drive from Barcelona.
We took two and half hours to reach because my husband didn't trust my GPS readings or the GPS to begin with.
Now, choosing where to go in Costa Brava can be tricky as this piece of paradise is dotted with innumerable beaches and there are so much to explore that no amount of time would suffice.
Costa Brava stretches from Blanes, a cute coastal town to the French borders and is often called one of Spain's best kept secrets. Previously, a coastal area known for its fishing industry, Costa Brava is featured in Spain's tourism map as one of the bests. We did some research on our own and found out Palafrugell and Begur are two of the most popular destinations within the region.
Since, we didn't want to spend much time in exploring different places we zeroed in on Llafranc, a part of Palafrugell. This is because, we simply wanted to metamorphose ourselves into serious beach bums without worrying about anything, not even serious sunburns.
The drive to Llafranc was smooth and our GPS suggested we took AP-7 highway to reach Palafrugell which was about 126 kilometers from Barcelona city center. but I personally would have preferred C-32 which according to my research was more scenic and a much cheaper option in terms of toll roads.
This second highway ends in Blanes and one needs to take AP-7 again to reach the destination. In a way, the second option was more time consuming. if you are not in a hurry you could definitely take this route and explore Blanes on the way. I heard this place is most famous for its firework during the last week of July. Moreover, Blanes has a lot of Roman history to tell.
Okay. We stopped for selfies. Big deal.
Now coming back to Llafranc, it is a hilly town strewn with beautiful white houses and blooming flowers and the velvety sea adds the wow factor to its quaint charm. Seeing the white houses, I was tempted to call it the little sister of Santorini in Greece but, since I haven't been to Greece yet, I will refrain from calling it so.
But Llafranc, often called the 'Laguna Beach' for its hot quotient (hot men, hot food, and hot fashion) stands apart from any other beach-side towns for so many reasons.
First, it is almost surprising to find such a peaceful spot within a close radius of the city life. Just a matter of 100 kilometers, a this looks like a spot far away from the hullaballoo of Barcelona.
Second, Llafranc offers a combination of hiking trails as well as water sports activities. Just in case, someone in the group disagrees on the definition of fun, they just need to disperse. Boat trips to the hidden caves and coves or invigorating trek routes up to the mountains are its highlights.
Third, Llafranc is a shopper's paradise. Barcelona is always about high-end fashion whereas Llafranc markets sell locally produced items, both fashionable and pocket-friendly.
From our point of view, renting a speed boat with a local guide is the best option to explore the nearest beaches. This was not a cheap option like kayaking or boat trip, but definitely worth it. Better if you know sea navigation. rent your own yacht and set out on your own Mediterranean picnic.
Any regrets? Yeah, many but mainly two.
One visiting Parc Guell, Antonio Gaudi's famous work. This was located at the end of the city and the road is full of traffic. The sun was harsh and the monumental Zone for which they charge money was nothing but a small area of pretty gingerbread houses. But the rest of the park was pretty plain.
Here also one can expect a very long queue. The view of Barcelona city from the top of the hill is amazing though. Unfortunately, when we went up to the hill, the city was blazing under the sun and the flat light kind of makes it look plain. From the top one can spot a few of the famous monuments. I am sure this looks amazing at night but never at day time.
Second, visiting the La Monumental. Which used to be Barcelona's most famous Bullfighting area once. Later they banned bullfights and the area is nothing but an abandoned area. I would have loved to sit there and feel its silence had they not charged 6 euros for the entrance. This was pure cheating. The museum inside was nothing but a small room with few bullfight pictures and costumes.
The gentleman at the museum got excited seeing my husband whom he thought to be a Chinese man. This was funny because, he spoke in Spanish and mentioned China and pointed at my husband's eyes. In gestures, he tried to tell us that he had been to China and likes Chinese people. This was hilarious but, in simple words, visiting the arena was a really bad idea.
However, I am so glad that this inhuman practice has finally come to a stop.
Crazy bullfighting. No wonder, I won.
The rest of my regret list includes- not having enough time to visit FCB stadium, not trying original churros & chocolate, skipping tapas bar hopping, not getting on the cable car to Montjuic Castle and, of course, missing the magic fountain. What saddens me the most is, the light and sound show at the fountain was free and I hate missing free things. Sob. Sob. Sob.
I thought Park Güell was a little pricy too, the monumental zone was quite small.


The Obama administration will not halt federal funding to North Carolina - at least until the looming court battle over the state's "bathroom bill" is finished, a White House spokesman said Thursday.
Press Secretary Josh Earnest told reporters at a regular media briefing that the Justice Department's decision to sue over the law - which bans transgender people from using bathrooms that don't match the gender on their birth certificates - had spurred the administration to put on hold any decision about stripping North Carolina of federal money.
"The administration will not take action to withhold funding while this enforcement process is playing out in the courts," Earnest said.
That decision is significant since it gives North Carolina at least a reprieve from the threat of losing billions of dollars in education and other funding. No matter how the administration responded, though, the high-profile dispute was always likely to be resolved in court. On Monday, North Carolina and the Justice Department announced dueling lawsuits over the bill - with the state asserting the Justice Department was reaching too far and that its legislation was not discriminatory, and the Justice Department firing back that North Carolina was violating federal civil rights law.
The court battle could be a long one, as each side must serve the other with summonses and make more detailed arguments in written filings. As of Thursday, no definitive hearing or briefing schedule had been set.
Josh Ellis, the communications director for Republican Gov. Pat McCrory, said in a statement: "As Governor McCrory has said all along, his administration's assertive action against Washington overreach will protect federal funding for schools and other services while allowing the courts resolve this issue." McCrory has previously defended the measure as a common-sense way to protect people's privacy.
Republican State Senate President Phil Berger said: "Today the Obama administration admitted what we have said all along - that their threat to withhold funding and bully North Carolinians into accepting their radical argument that men have a 'civil right' to use women's bathrooms and shower facilities would have to be settled in court. We appreciate the Republican members of North Carolina's U.S. House delegation for standing up for common sense and making clear that any attempt to withhold federal funding is without legal merit and would be an unprecedented overreach by the federal government."
At least six federal agencies had been weighing whether to withhold funds from North Carolina in response to the law, though Earnest said at the briefing that review was separate from the Justice Department's conclusion that North Carolina's law violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It was based on that conclusion that the Justice Department sued North Carolina after first warning that the state was running afoul of federal law.
"It is clear that the decision on the part of the Department of Justice to move forward with enforcement means that while the process plays out, the administration will not be taking action to withhold funding," Earnest said.
North Carolina receives more than $4 billion in federal education funding each year, much of it in the form of student loans, so a decision to strip funding in that area could be especially significant. The University of North Carolina's Board of Governors held a special meeting Tuesday to get legal advice, and its president has said the UNC system finds itself caught between state and federal demands. A U.S. Education Department spokesman said Thursday its review was ongoing.


Map Name: A custom name for your map. Will be used for the saved Map and Image filenames as well.
Rows: The number of rows in your map grid.
Columns: The number of columns in your map grid.
Update: Resize the map to the Rows and Columns values.
Zoom: Controls the display scaling of the map grid. Also controls the size of the hexes in the Save Image feature. Lower zoom levels are more suited to map design, while higher zooms create larger save images. A zoom level of 64 outputs images with roughly 1.5 inch hexes.
Outline: Controls the contrast of the hex outlines.
Paint: Fills the active hex on the map on the current Layer with the active Material and Component.
Rectangle: Paints a rectangle outline from the start point to the end point.
Area: Paints a filled rectangle from the start point to the end point.
Line: Paints from the start point (first mouse click) to the end point (second click). Constrained to strictly horizontal, vertical, and hex diagonal lines.
Skip Line: Paints every other hex along a horizontal line from start to end. Useful for alternating components to make straight edges.
Undo: Undoes the last painting action performed.
Clear Map: Reset the map to a blank state. You will be prompted to confirm this action.
Zoom In: Increase the visual scale of the map.
Zoom Out: Decrease the visual scale of the map.
Save Map: Saves the map as a Shamat map file.
Load Map: Load a previously saved Shamat map file.
Save Image: Save a PNG image of the map. The size of the image is based on the current Zoom level.
Random Map: Generate a random terrain map. You can specify which types of terrains and features will be included.
Base: Lowest layer of the map. Drawn in the shown Material colours.
Overlay: Middle layer of the map. Drawn in darker shades of the Material colours.
Feature: Uppermost layer of the map. Map symbols are drawn over the other Layers in the Material colours.
Terrain: Symbology for drawing landscape maps. Map symbols are drawn over the other Layers in the Material colours.
Megahexes: Add an overlay of megahexes to the map. There are controls for tweaking the placement of the megahex grid. It is always drawn in black.
Annotations: Add letters and symbols to the map to indicate important adventure points. Annotations are drawn over the other Layers in the Material colours.
These are simply different colour values to help you distinguish your map materials or terrains.
These are the "paint brushes" for building your map. Multiple components can exist in the same hex, though painting with Whole will obliterate any partial hex components on that Layer.
Eraser: Remove all components in the selected hex on the active Layer. Material selection is irrelevant.
Whole: Paint the entire hex on the active Layer with the selected Material.
Flat Half: Paint with the flat-sided half-hex component on the active Layer with the selected Material.
Point Half: Paint with the point-sided half-hex component on the active Layer with the selected Material.
Apex: Paint with the apex component on the active Layer with the selected Material.
Bulk: Paint with the bulk component on the active Layer with the selected Material.
Channel: Paint with the channel component on the active Layer with the selected Material.
Junction: Paint with the junction component on the active Layer with the selected Material. Rotate and stack these in a hex to create branching intersections with channels.
Corner: Paint with the corner component on the active Layer with the selected Material.
Finish: Paint with the finish component on the active Layer with the selected Material.
Wide: Paint with the wide component on the active Layer with the selected Material.
Join: Paint with the join component on the active Layer with the selected Material. Rotate and stack these in a hex to create branching intersections with wides.
Rotate Left: Rotate the current selected component one step counter-clockwise. There are six total rotation positions for each hex style.
Rotate Right: Rotate the current selected component one step clockwise.
Flip: Flip the current selected component to the opposite side of the hex (equivalent to three rotations).
These are various symbols that can be added to the map. They will be drawn in the selected Material colour.
Eraser: Remove all features and terrains in the selected hex. Material selection is irrelevant.
Door: A solid rectangle along one hex side representing a door.
Stairs: A series of rectangles traversing the hex representing a staircase.
Stair: A half-series of rectangles, used in creating staircase junctions that turn within the hex.
Unders: A series of dots representing where a passage runs below a higher passage on the map, in maps that portray layered levels. Also useful as secondary roads/trails in terrain maps.
Under: A half-series of dots, used in creating underneath passage junctions that turn within the hex.
Bands: A straight solid band to create paths, walls, or other linear features. Also useful as main roads in terrain maps.
Band: A solid junction to connect bands. Rotate and stack these in a hex to create branching intersections with bands.
Shaft: An outlined circle representing a shaft leading between levels of the map.
Marker: An map marker, keyed to a corresponding symbol in the adventure guide.
Rotate Left: Rotate the current selected feature one step counter-clockwise. There are six total rotation positions for each hex style.
Rotate Right: Rotate the current selected feature one step clockwise.
Flip: Flip the current selected feature to the opposite side of the hex (equivalent to three rotations).
These are terrain symbols that can be used to create overland maps. They will be drawn in the selected Material colour.
Eraser: Remove all terrains and features in the selected hex. Material selection is irrelevant.
Water: A series of wavy lines that indicates a body of water.
Mtn Line: Outlined ovals indicating mountains or hilly terrain.
Mtn Fill: Filled ovals indicating mountains or hilly terrain.
Forest: A cluster of filled shapes that indicates forest, jungle or other dense plant growths.
Swamp: Groups of lines suggesting grasses, to indicate swamp, savannah or prairie.
Plains: A series of simple hatched lines that indicate plains or other terrains.
Desert: A scattering of dots that indicates desert or other terrains.
Capitol: A star that indicates a capitol city.
City: A square that indicates a city or other large settlement.
Village: A disc that indicates a village or other small settlement.
Fort: A simplified building shape that indicates a fort, outpost, or other defended encampment of some kind.
Mine: A simplified shovel shape than indicates a mine or other resource extraction point.
Ruin: A triangle that indicates ruins or other abandoned structures.
Interest: A star outline that marks the location of a unique point of interest.
These are character glyphs that can be added to the map to denote points of interest. They will be drawn in the selected Material colour.
Show: Display the megahex overlay.
Hide: Remove the megahex overlay.
Shift Up: Nudge the megahex overlay 1 hex up.
Shift Down: Nudge the megahex overlay 1 hex down.
Shift Left: Nudge the megahex overlay 1 hex left.
Shift Right: Nudge the megahex overlay 1 hex right.
Square: Draws a "square megahex" grid, which alternates standard megahexes with square megahexes, making gridded layouts easier.
Mouse Tracker: A convenience tool for seeing the coordinates of the highlighted hex.
Type the letter/number/symbol to select the corresponding Annotation.
Shamat is the Shadekeep Mapping Tool. It is a tool for creating graphical maps on hex grids. It was originally designed for creating dungeon and terrain maps for The Fantasy Trip.
The Fantasy Trip is copyright Steve Jackson Games. No affiliation or endorsement is implied.
As a felicitous side note, shamat means "misadventure" in the Urdu language.
Shamat is copyrighted software but free to use and download. If you rehost the application in either the online or downloadable form, please link back to this original page as well. Do not "wrapper" our own hosted content on your site in an embedded frame or other such web mechanism; doing so is a violation of terms. Providing a simple link to the app is fine. I will probably open up the source eventually. I'm just tired of putting a ton of work into a project, only to have someone "fork" the project and basically just change the name. No-one needs a dozen variants of this app out there, with most of them abandoned after the first iteration.
This will replace the current map.
Select Cancel to return to the map.


The Suwannee River Water Management District of Florida prepares and uses this information for its own purposes and this information may not be suitable for other purposes. This information is provided as is. Further documentation of this data can be obtained by contacting Suwannee River Water Management District, 9225 CR 49, Live Oak FL 32060. Tel: (386)362-1001.


The Lausanne/WEA Creation Care Consultation–Oceania (LWCCC-O) was part of a global campaign that seeks to jump-start or strengthen evangelical creation-care movements. The consultation sought to catalyze a movement of Christians who will develop and strengthen creation care partnerships and initiatives throughout the South Pacific.
The consultation was held on the grounds of the beautiful Tahlee Ministries campus, located on the magnificent north shore of Port Stephens, NSW, Australia, from 23-27 April 2018. At this engaging, interactive, and multicultural consultation, participants together explored God's Word (the Bible), God's World (the nature and state of the planet), and God's Work (how Christians can be, and already are, engaged in caring for creation).
The focus of the gathering was on South Pacific nations, including Australia, New Zealand, and all of the island nations of the region.


text:
Abbreviation: Afr. J. Hist. Cult.
DOI: 10.5897/AJHC
AJHC Home
About AJHC
Cotton in West Africa: The economic and social stakes (2006). Book review, OECD publishing, Paris, pp. 127, ISBN: 92–64–022505 7
Peter Makaye
Department of History and Development Studies, Midlands State University, Gweru, Republic of Zimbabwe.
Article Number - 2BB3BD340929
Vol.2(4), pp. 53-54, August 2010
Since their inception multilateral institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have always been at loggerheads with Africans and African producers. These institutions have been blamed for advancing an agenda that exploits third world countries (3WCs) resources for the benefit of the north, debates at WTO forums have been most acrimonious with the suspension of the Doha 'development agenda' trade negotiations in July 2006 due to an impasse on the issue of reforming rich countries' farm subsidies. The north has been accused of subsidizing its agricultural producers and exporters to the detriment of 3W farmers who try but find it hard to penetrate international markets. It is against this backdrop that the book cotton in West Africa comes in as a welcome contribution that further exposes the mal-trade practices perpetrated by the developed countries.
Key words: Peasant producers, multilateral institutions, survival strategies.
Back to Vol. 2 No. 4


Οι μαύρες φιγούρες είναι ο δανεισμός. Οι μικρές λευκές είναι η διάρθρωση της παραγωγής.
This is a picture taken from directly above these camels in the desert at sunset. It is considered to be one of the best pictures of the year. When you look closely, you can see that the camels are the little white lines in the picture. The black images you see are just the shadows!


text:
Brazil and Russia ink strategic partnership
Dilma Rousseff and Vladimir Putin exchanging documents. [AP]
Dilma Rousseff's state visit to Moscow on December 14 has brought good cheer to the strategic partnership of the two countries.
The Russian President highlighted mutual investment and cooperation in the industry as keynotes of the meeting.
Russia-Brazil ties were cemented with the formation of BRICS.
Vladimir Putin stressed on introducing widespread use of national currencies – the ruble and the real – in bilateral payments.
"This will make business cooperation between our two countries more resistant to shocks in the global economy and help build up strong technological ties between our companies," said Putin.
Bilateral trade between the two nations grew by over 10 per cent to $6.5 billion in 2011.
Russian President Putin said he expects it to soar further: "Our goal is to reach not less than $10 billion in the nearest future"
Sales to Russia account for over 40 per cent of Brazil's beef export.
Following the meet, Brazil and Russia signed a Joint Statement and Further Steps for Fulfilling the Strategic Partnership Plan of Action.
The two leaders oversaw the signing of a package of bilateral documents on economic, sports and military cooperation, as well as a plan for holding political consultations and a contract outlining the basic terms and conditions for supplying Ka-62 helicopters.
In what could also be described as a significant endorsement of Russia's foreign policy on Syria, the Brazilian President reiterated cooperation.
"We understand Russia's concerns over tensions in Syria and support Moscow in what it has been doing to settle the conflict", Rousseff said.
Daria Chernyshova
Anti-Spam * Time limit is exhausted. Please reload the CAPTCHA. five + =


The deadline to comply with the standards was in April, but Ameren's Labadie and Meramec power plants were among those granted one-year extensions.
Ameren remains committed to transitioning to cleaner sources of energy. As we've said many times in the past, this transition needs to be done in a responsible way that protects our customers from unnecessary cost increases, particularly those with low or fixed incomes. This ruling enhances our view that customer costs always should be a factor as new environmental regulations are considered.
In an email, Ameren spokesperson Joe Muehlenkamp confirmed that the company's Rush Island and Sioux plants had met the EPA's April 2015 deadline for compliance and that its Labadie and Meramec power plants were among those granted one-year extensions.
Air pollution from coal-fired power plants contributes to asthma and other health problems in the St. Louis area.
But Muehlenkamp would not say how much Ameren has already spent on pollution controls to bring its four Missouri coal-fired power plants into compliance with the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards, or MATS, as the regulation is known. In 2011, when the MATS rule was finalized, company vice president Mike Menne estimated that cost would be hundreds of millions of dollars.
According to a press release last year, the company spent $185 million to install electrostatic precipitators at its Labadie plant. "Although we meet current guidelines, the precipitators we've installed have new technology that will allow us to further reduce particulate emissions, exceeding the new federal air quality requirements that take effect in 2016," David Strubberg, director of the Labadie Energy Center, said in the release, referring specifically to the MATS regulation.
A 2011 report by the advocacy group Environment Missouri ranked Ameren's Labadie plant as the second largest source of mercury pollution in the country.
This map shows the power plants that the EPA believed would need to comply with the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards.
For an interactive version of the above map, with more information on each power plant, go here.
Monday's Supreme Court ruling was met with disappointment by environmental groups.
The Missouri Sierra Club's Andy Knott said coal-fired power plants are the only major sources of mercury emissions in the U.S. that remain unregulated. "Here in Missouri, every lake, river and stream is under a fish consumption advisory for mercury pollution," Knott said.
Eating contaminated fish is particularly dangerous for pregnant women and young children, since mercury can harm the developing nervous system and impair children's ability to think and learn.
The EPA rule also limits emissions of harmful metals, acid gases and soot, which can cause cancer, asthma and heart attacks.
"It is a setback," Knott said of the Supreme Court ruling. "We hope that it's temporary."
For now, the EPA's pollution limits will remain in place until a lower court reconsiders the case against the agency.
If you are interested in delving more into the legal arguments and the history leading up to Monday's Supreme Court opinion on Michigan v. Environmental Protection Agency, SCOTUSblog and NPR have more details.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed the first-ever national standards for air pollution from power plants.
The new rules would require many power plants to install technologies to control mercury, arsenic and other toxic air pollutants.
Environment Missouri's Ted Mathys says the new standards would help protect the health of Missourians.
Ameren is asking for more time and pitching an alternative plan to the Environmental Protection Agency's proposal to cut power plant carbon emissions by 30 percent by 2030.
The EPA's Clean Power Plan would require states to meet incremental goals starting in 2020, to measure progress toward the final target reduction.


Outstanding Owls contains 20 different full sized patterns to applique using fusible techniques or by hand - this book describes both. you will find numerous options and projects including large quilts, small quilts, tote bags, embroidery projects, wool projects, and much, much, more. If you love owls, you will LOVE this book!


text:
CBP Makes $37M Cocaine Bust in Caribbean Sea
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – A U.S. Customs and Border Protection Office of Air and Marine P-3 Orion Long Range Tracker aircraft performing a patrol of the Caribbean Sea aided in the recovery of approximately 3,317 pounds of cocaine valued at more than $37,625,000.
An OAM crew aboard a CBP P3 aircraft detected a suspicious go-fast style vessel about 135 miles East of Panama City, Panama. The P-3 aircrew vectored two U.S. Coast Guard cutters and two Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron (HITRON) aircraft to the smuggler's location.
Aircrew from the HITRON helicopter spotted suspected drug smugglers on the go-fast vessel dumping multiple bales overboard as part of efforts to evade capture. A Coast Guard Cutter arrived at the dumping area and recovered 2,259 pounds of cocaine.
The CBP crew continued to track the go-fast vessel and the Colombian Navy responded to intercept the vessel. Law enforcement detained four suspected drug smugglers and seized 1,049 pounds of cocaine.
"The ability to effectively work with our international partners enhances our ability to target those attempting to push drugs into our local communities," said Director of National Air Security Operations Center – Jacksonville Doug Garner. "We're able to detect, monitor and disrupt smuggling activities before they reach shore."
The P-3s' distinctive detection capabilities allow highly-trained crews to identify emerging threats well beyond the U.S. land borders.
The partnerships bolstering counternarcotic capabilities are part of the Joint Interagency Task Force – South JIATF-S. JIATF-S is a national drug task force under U.S. Southern Command and facilitates U.S. and partner nation law enforcement interdiction efforts against illicit trafficking in support of national and regional security.
The Office of Air and Marine is the world's largest aviation and maritime law enforcement organization, and is a critical component of CBP's layered enforcement strategy for border security. OAM is uniquely positioned to provide direct air and maritime support to multiple agencies and to ensure the success of border protection and law enforcement operations between ports of entry, within the maritime operating areas and within the nation's interior.
Air and Marine


Lori Bezahler is president of the Edward W Hazen Foundation, dedicated to supporting organizing and leadership of young people and communities of color in dismantling structural inequity based on race and class. The Foundation's programs focus primarily on educational equity, but are also directed at juvenile justice, immigration reform, gender justice, and other public policy concerns critical to young people.
Will California Choose Prisons Over Schools—Again?
Progressives supported Prop 30 to send more money to schools but now the funds are headed to prisons. How could this happen—and can it be stopped?


Keep a safe workplace at your company. Inform employees of the correct weight that equipment or flooring can handle. A must for warehouse with heavy equipment and machinery.
We will customize this sign for your specific weight requirements.


text:
Is Depression During Pregnancy on the Rise?
by WebMD July 13, 2018
FRIDAY, July 13, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Today's young mothers-to-be may be more likely to develop depression while pregnant than their own mothers were, a new study suggests.
British researchers found that, compared with their mothers' generation, young women who became pregnant between 2012 and 2016 were at greater risk of having "high" scores when they were screened for depression.
The reasons are unknown, and more research is needed to understand the pattern, said lead researcher Rebecca Pearson, of the University of Bristol.
The findings, published online July 13 in JAMA Network Open, are based on two generations of U.K. women: almost 2,400 who gave birth between 1990 and 1992, and 180 of their daughters, who gave birth between 2012 and 2016.
All of the women were screened for depression symptoms during the second and third trimester, using the same standard questionnaire. Among the older generation, 17 percent had "high" depression scores; that compared with 25 percent in the younger generation.
After the researchers weighed several other factors — including the women's education levels and whether it was their first pregnancy — those in the younger generation were 77 percent more likely to have high depression scores.
It's not clear what's going on, Pearson said. But her team speculated on some explanations.
For one, there's evidence that depression has risen among young women, in general — so the pattern among young pregnant women mirrors that, the study authors said.
Plus, new mothers today are more likely to be working, compared to previous generations. It's possible that work pressure, or the strain of balancing work and home life, is at play, the researchers speculated.
Pearson made another point: Both generations of women were between the ages of 19 and 24 when they became pregnant. But today, the average age of motherhood is older than it was in the early 1990s, she said.
So it's possible that these days, women who become pregnant at that age have a different experience than their mothers did. They may be more "socially isolated" or feel more pressure, for example, Pearson suggested.
A psychiatrist who was not involved in the study agreed.
"Being a young mother now may have a different meaning than it did for earlier generations," said Dr. Elizabeth Fitelson, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Medical Center, in New York City.
But she also said it's not certain the findings reflect a true increase in the rate of prenatal depression. Even though both generations answered the same depression-screening questionnaire, women today might perceive and answer the questions differently — possibly because of the greater public awareness of depression, Fitelson explained.
Regardless, Fitelson said the bottom line is clear: "Depression in pregnancy is common. It's the most common complication of pregnancy. And we need to make sure we have the resources to manage it."
Depression screening is recommended for all pregnant women — though that doesn't mean all women are being screened, she noted.
The treatment options include psychological counseling and social support, Fitelson said. If the depression is more severe, antidepressants may be needed.
There can be risks to taking medication during pregnancy. But, Fitelson said, untreated depression also carries risks. It is tied to heightened risks of preterm birth and low birth weight. And those new moms are at high risk of postpartum depression, she said.
The new findings leave a lot of unknowns. Pearson said her team had no information on whether the women had partners, for example. She said that could be a factor in the higher depression scores in the younger generation, since their relationships may be "less secure" than their mothers' relationships.
It's also unclear, Pearson said, whether the findings are relevant to relatively older women, since the study participants were younger than 25.
As for whether similar patterns might be seen in other countries, Pearson speculated that they would. "Many other countries face similar social and financial pressures to the U.K., including increases in working motherhood, pressures on relationships and lower social support," she said.
Fitelson stressed that if a pregnant woman is feeling depressed, she should seek help without guilt. "This isn't your fault," she said. "It doesn't mean you're not going to be a good mother."
SOURCES: Rebecca Pearson, Ph.D., lecturer, psychiatric epidemiology, University of Bristol, England; Elizabeth Murphy Fitelson, M.D., assistant professor, psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City; July 13, 2018,JAMA Network Open, online
Copyright © 2013-2018 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
Is Depression During Pregnancy on the Rise? was last modified: July 19th, 2018 by WebMD
depressionpregnant
100 Now Sick from Salmonella-Tainted Cereal
Too Few Kids Screened For Developmental Delays
Some In Pain Can Cut Opioids and Still Get Relief
Active Ingredient In Marijuana Reduced Alzheimer's-Like Effects In Mice
In Arkansas, Thousands Of People Have Lost Medicaid Coverage Over New Work Rule
The Latest Treatments for Myasthenia Gravis
Arizona Lawmakers Consider Loosening Vaccination Requirements
How Medicare Advantage plans dodged auditors and overcharged taxpayers by millions
Making sense of your IVF medicines
ADHD evaluation
Factory workers across the U.S. say they were exposed to asbestos on the job
Let academic physicians recover more of their clinical revenue. Here's why.


Great one bedroom condo for rent at Aguston Sukhumvit 22! This property has good views of the surrounding area and is spacious and nicely furnished. Aguston Sukhumvit 22 has 2 nice swimming pools, gym, childres's play area, bowling alley, meeting rooms and a shuttle service to the BTS and MRT.
Contact BKKCondos for more information and to arrange a viewing of this condo for rent in Phrom Phong, Bangkok.


Beginning school soon? At this point, you should hear a ton of awfulness stories about how your money can mystically vanish once school life starts. It might all stable shocking however the greater parts of them are valid. That is, whether you don't have any experience with regards to planning and sparing. If your folks showed you the estimation of money at an opportune time in life, you will have the capacity to easily get through school without acquiring a great deal of obligation. Nonetheless, in the event that you inhabited home without worrying about money, then, you need to take in the nuts and bolts on the most proficient method related to how to save money in college life.
Leaving for school will take a considerable measure of planning. From enlisting to really moving in, it will take you months to get ready. There are two choices as to where you can live – school residence or off grounds. For first year understudies, it is more probable that you will pick the quarters. Thusly, you will have the capacity to adjust to school life better. Everything will be inside reach. You will spare a great deal by living on grounds right? All things considered, reconsider. There are points of interest and hindrances living on grounds.
All things considered, despite everything you need to consider approaches to spare money in school. Here are some school money sparing tips that you can undoubtedly begin on your first year.
Bring all that you require from home.
You don't need to purchase new cloths, window ornaments, tables, pads or whatever you need to put in your room. On the off chance that you have them from home, unite them with your garments.
Check books on the web. There are numerous understudies who offer the books from their past subjects on the web. Scour them first before going out to purchase new ones. It will be less expensive and you can spare your money.
Despite the fact that there are many stores inside the school, they will cost more. Go out and purchase the things you require every so often. Plan your trek to the general store. Purchasing dinners, chips or filtered water in your school's cafeteria will give a genuine imprint on your pocket. Buy them in stores. Get your flat mates to run with you and if conceivable, share a portion of the things you require.
You can interchange with sustenance shopping and cooking if the need emerges. In the event that you require a microwave in your room, you can all chip in since every one of you will utilize it. Other stuff you can share incorporates quarter's styles, ref, television, dvd player and stereo. Most understudies spend a heft of their money spending on lager. Get them in cases and stock up. Get the least expensive one accessible. Brew is lager. No compelling reason to purchase the most costly one in the market.
Invest your recreation energy in low maintenance work. If you can settle your timetable, land low maintenance position. You can do coaching or watering off grounds.
It is anything but difficult to spare money in school the length of you know how to spending plan and put something aside for the blustery days. Attempt these tips and make the most of your years in school without stressing your pocket. Keeping up a financial plan isn't generally as straight forward as individuals make it out to be. A high cost and frequently superfluously high cost for undergrads obliges reading material. Luckily the Internet has presented to us a few option channels to secure our books for a lesser cost.


Shareholders rights to be in spotlight at Walgreens' annual meeting.
A representative of union pension funds is again pushing Walgreens Boots Alliance to open its board nominations to shareholders.
CtW Investment Group, an arm of labor federation Change to Win, wants shareholders of the biggest U.S. pharmacy chain to vote in favor of a controversial corporate governance issue known as "proxy access." The Deerfield-based company opposes the measure, which would allow shareholders to nominate a small number of directors to the board without having to wage a costly battle.
The proposal will be aired at Walgreens' annual shareholders meeting May 28 in Chicago. CtW's proxy access proposal last year lost by a close margin, garnering 43 percent of votes cast.
The group, which represents about 2.5 million shares of Walgreens, or about 0.2 percent of the company, sponsored the proposal again because of the significant management transformation the company has undergone since the acquisition of Alliance Boots, which was completed at the end of last year, said Michael Pryce-Jones, director of corporate governance.
The deal resulted in a power shift at the company, as Greg Wasson, Walgreens' chief executive officer, abruptly announced he was stepping down just weeks before the merger vote in December. He has been temporarily replaced by Stefano Pessina, the former executive chairman of Alliance Boots, who controls nearly 7 percent of Walgreens' shares.
CtW argued in a letter sent this month to other shareholders that proxy access is vital to ensure "that the interests of long-term outside shareholders remain paramount in what is a radically redrawn governance structure."
Under CtW's proposal, a shareholder holding at least 3 percent of Walgreens' shares for at least three years could nominate up to 20 percent of its directors.
Among the arguments Walgreens waged against proxy access, the company said it could increase the influence of special interest groups.
Pryce-Jones responded that the company's argument is insincere because last year it agreed to give two board seats to Jana Partners, an activist hedge fund that had bought 1.2 percent of the company. Jana's Barry Rosenstein joined the board last year and John Lederer, CEO of US Foods, became a director in April.
Directors are usually nominated entirely by boards. But a growing number of investment funds, including the nation's largest public pension funds, say proxy access makes boards more accountable.


Regulation of HIF-1alpha stability through S-nitrosylation.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a master transcriptional factor. Under normal oxygen tension, HIF-1 activity is usually suppressed due to the rapid, oxygen-dependent degradation of one of its two subunits, HIF-1alpha. Here we report that normoxic HIF-1 activity can be upregulated through NO-mediated S-nitrosylation and stabilization of HIF-1alpha. In murine tumors, exposure to ionizing radiation stimulated the generation of NO in tumor-associated macrophages. As a result, the HIF-1alpha protein is S-nitrosylated at Cys533 (through "biotin switch" assay) in the oxygen-dependent degradation domain, which prevents its destruction. Importantly, this mechanism appears to be independent of the prolylhydroxylase-based pathway that is involved in oxygen-dependent regulation of HIF-1alpha. Selective disruption of this S-nitrosylation significantly attenuated both radiation-induced and macrophage-induced activation of HIF-1alpha. This interaction between NO and HIF-1 sheds new light on their involvement in tumor response to treatment as well as mammalian inflammation process in general.


text:
Review: Big World BQ-5000L
By danireef 5 years agoNo Comments
We recently finished our in-depth testing of the Big World BQ-5000L, imported to Italy by Corallinea.
We measured the hydraulic head, flow rate, power consumption, and noise, and as the BQ-5000L is an electronic pump with a digital external controller, we were also able to test the flow rate and the power consumption at each setting.
For the hydraulic head, we used the usual static method, but, as the BQ-5000L is said to have a 5 m head we had to move things around a bit. For the flow rate, we used a flow meter, for the power consumption, a probe meter, and finally, a phonometer for the noise.
What stands out about the BQ-5000L is its completely Chinese manufacturing and the competitive price at which it is sold.
Big World BQ-5000L Technical Features
European Version
230 V – 50 Hz
Flow rate: 5.000 l/h
Power Consumption: 80 watt
Head: 5 meters
Depth 100 mm
Price 120 euros
The BQ-5000L is said to have an energy efficiency of 62,4 liters for each watt consumed, for a total economic efficiency of 41,7 liters per second per euro or 12,500 l*m/h. For comparison, the Vertex V6 declares 7,500 l*m/h.
With an Italian price of 120 euros, this is a modern electronic pump, adjustable by an external controller, with incredible performance and very good economic and technical efficiency.
The pump is pictured below; it is very straightforward. The accessories are reduced to a minimum.
It is just the pump, the power supply, and the suction cups for holding it at the sump bottom. Nothing else.
We tried disassembling the pump.
We didn't know if the two plastic parts screwed or glued together. To avoid breaking the pump, we didn't force it too much.
To find the impeller, you have to rotate the cover.
We used the Corallinea Big World BQ-5000L for a few months in our tank as a return pump, and appreciated its low noise in relation to the flow rate and head, as well as the very useful external controller. Our only concern is the pump's light weight, which may allow it to move around; it is necessary to find a way to stick it to the sump while avoiding touching the sump walls and producing high noise due to vibrations.
As you can see above, the controller is very simple, there is a plus and a minus button to adjust the pump's power, and a "feed" button to turn it off briefly for feeding fish or corals.
Hydraulic Head
The first thing we measured was the pump head. This is usually very easy to do, but this time it was a bit more challenging, as the declared head is 5 meters. Moreover, the pump has 20 different function levels, and we tried to measure the head for each of them.
Unfortunately, we were only able to measure the first 11 levels and the last one, which is also the most important one. In order to do this, we placed the pump in a bucked filled with water and connected it to a gardening hose which we held in a vertical position. We then measured the height reached in the tube by the water. Because of the height required, we attached the tube to the house drainpipe and then we held the meter stick with the 0 value at the water level in the bucket. We measured the first 11 steps and then got up on the roof to measure the highest head.
The maximum head value measured was 404 cm, the 154 cm read to which we need to add the 250 cm of the "meter end" reference.
Flow rate measurements
Measuring the flow rate was easy thanks to the new DigiSavant DIGIFLOW 6710M flow meter. We pointed the flow straight into the flow meter via connection tubes, and then read the measurement reading on the display in liters per minute, and then calculated liters per hour.
We measured flow rate for each functioning level in order to create a complete picture of the changing flow rate.
The maximum rate measured was 3504 l/h (or 58,4 l/m*60); quite low compared to the 5000 l/h declared.
Instant power consumption was much more difficult to measure. The current probe recorded a maximum electric current of 0,426 A, but this is only a partial measure, as it was impossible to record the power factor (cosφ), which would have given us a better idea of the actual consumption.
The adsorbed current, or the power consumption, results are as follows:
Big World BQ-5000L pump: 0,426 A x 230 V = 97,98 watt x cos(fi)
Usually a pump with a neodymium magnet, like Corallinea, has a cos(fi) with a value of about 0,85. In this case, the energy consumption of the Corallinea BQ-5000L is 97,98 watt x 0,85 = 83,3 watt. It's a very close value to the 80 watt declared. We should also remember that the cos(fi) contribution was only assumed.
The apparent current of 14,68 watt (97,98-83,3watt) would not be counted by our home electrical counter, but this happens with any pump, Corallinea is not an exception.
Considering a power consumption of 83.3 watt and an energy cost of 0.27 euro per kwh (in Italy at the time of this review), we could use this pump continuously for a whole year for a consumption of 730 kwh, for a total cost of 197 euros per year, or 16.4 € per month.
In the following table is the resulting consumption, with cos(fi) corrections excluded.
The real consumption results follow, and we will use these for our later estimates.
At velocity 1, we have 10 watt consumption, 35 cm head and 954 liters per hour. At velocity 4, consumption doubles to 20 watt, but the head increases to 90 cm and the flow rate to 1500 liters per hours. At a power consumption of 40 watt (velocity point 14) we have 2658 liters per hour and a 263 cm head. At 80 watt, a 4 meter head and 3500 liters per hour.
Noise trial
We measured the acoustic pressure at 1 meter from the pump.
Environmental noise was measured at 30.1 dB.
We switched the pump on and measured the noise at velocity point 10 and 20.
At velocity 10 the pump is barely audible, with only 32.2 dB noise.
At velocity 20, the noise increases to 38.3, 8,2 dB above the environmental noise, an acceptable value considering the power of this pump. Moreover, the noise comes from the electrical engine rather than vibrations, which is easier to muffle insde the aquarium cabinet.
To measure the noise I used a professional phonometer: the VOLTCRAFT 320 digital phonometer IEC 651 Type II which is extremely accurate. Considering the type of noise we needed to measure, all the measures were recorded with dBA wave attenuation.
An electronic adjustable pump is one of the best things to have in our sumps; the simplicity with which we can adjust the power in order to adapt it to any conditions is priceless. For example, I can lower the pump flow rate when I do a water change, so I don't have to switch it off completely while removing water from the tank. By doing this, I avoid lowering tank water level and leaving the pumps out of water. From a security point of view, this 24V pump has made a really big step forward compared to the 220V pumps, and we hope all aquarium pumps will soon have this feature.
The market price of 24V pumps is universally higher than others, but the Big World BQ-5000L is priced competitively.
We'll now compare this pump with other pumps' measurements, which we have taken in the past.
Below is the recap table with the head, flow rate, power consumption, price and efficiency.
The values in red are estimates, but they are sufficient for our purposes.
The following table is even more interesting, as we included values from other (previously tested) pumps: Eheim, Tunze and sicce.
From the table above, we can see that, the Big World BQ-5000L is much cheaper to run. It also has the best flow per watt; only the tunze 1073.50 comes close, it has a lower flow rate but a better head with a similar efficiency.
The Big World BQ-5000L is definitely more efficient than the Eheim 1250.
There may be a difference in reliability over time, but we haven't been able to test this; we can confirm that during our test we did not find any faults or irregularities in flow or head.
Let's now compare those values with what was declared by the manufacturer.
pump head measurement difference
Big World BQ-5000L
500 cm 404 cm – 19,2 %
The actual maximum head is 20% lower from the declared. The value is substantial, and one should take both this fact and the low price into consideration before buying it.
pump flow rate lab measure difference
Big World BQ-5000L 5.000 l/h 3.504 l/h – 30 %
As we have seen in previous reviews, almost none of the pumps keeps their promises about flow rate, and Big World is no exception.
pump Consumption Lab measure difference
Big World BQ-5000L 80 w 83,2 w + 4,0 %
The power consumption is pretty much the same of the one reported.
pump Noise Lab measure difference
Big World BQ-5000L 38,3 dB N.A.
There was no measurement to compare this value to, but 38.3 dB is very good.
Global conformity to the declared value
Finally, we can give this pump a general value of correspondence to the declared values in terms of head and flow rate.
pump Head Flow Rate Consumption Final Value
Big World BQ-5000L 80,8 % 70 % N.A. 75,4 %
We can not consider the power consumption because of how we measured it.
To figure out if this is the right pump for you, I suggest reading this article: Return pumps: calculating the flow, you can download our excel spreadsheet and calculate the exact aquarium-sump exchange that you need.
The reference value of the Big World BQ-5000L is of 1.415.616 l*cm/s, while the declared value should be 2.500.000. Remember that this value is obtained by head*flow rate simplified of their maximum values.
It's a considerable loss, but the pump only costs € 120, a very low price for a 24V adjustable pump, and its performance is respectable compared to the more-expensive German or Italian pumps which cost more and also have lower performances.
The only unknown is its reliability in time, but we haven't experienced or heard of any faults. Feel free to leave a comment or report any troubles you may have had with this product.
The plastic construction results in a very light pump for its performance level, and the low price is its biggest selling point, which both the manufacturer and the Italian distributor are relying on.
[Translated by Giorgia Lombardi]
big world BQ-5000l, BQ-5000L, electronic pump, return pump
Danilo Ronchi, aka DaniReef lives in Italy where he is hydraulic engineer, but starting from his love for reef aquarium and photography, he began to write about marine aquariums from 2006 and now he's published his first book "Marine Aquarium". From 2007 Danilo writes on his blog danireef.com where publishes articles, pictures, product reviews, aquariums coverage, reportage and history of his tank. Now he's happy to be part of Reefs.com
Christmas Tree Worm
Rare Azooxanthellate Stony Corals in Japan: Part 3