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Friday 26 July, 2019
Shield Therapeutics
FDA approves Feraccru® with a broad label
RNS Number : 7895G
Shield Therapeutics PLC
The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Group to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulation (EU) No. 596/2014. Upon the publication of this announcement via the Regulatory Information Service, this inside information is now considered to be in the public domain.
("Shield" or the "Group")
FDA approves Feraccru® with a broad label of treating iron deficiency in adults
Feraccru® to be marketed as Accrufer® in the USA
London, UK, 26 July 2019: Shield Therapeutics plc (LSE: STX), a commercial stage, pharmaceutical company with a focus on addressing iron deficiency, announces that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved its lead product Feraccru® / Accrufer® for the treatment of iron deficiency in adults.
With this broad label approval Accrufer® (as the product will be marketed in the USA) has taken a big step towards exploiting the very large commercial opportunity in the USA, the world's largest and most attractively reimbursed pharmaceutical market. Market research suggests that the prescription market for iron replacement therapy in the USA is worth over $1.0bn annually. There are between 8 million and 9 million patients in the USA who suffer from iron deficiency anaemia and management estimate potentially two to three times this number require treatment for iron deficiency.
Accrufer®'s confirmed efficacy, together with its good tolerability and mode of absorption - by which the body absorbs only as much iron from Accrufer® as it needs - means that the product could be the ideal choice for iron deficient patients who cannot tolerate salt-based oral iron alternatives. These features, combined with the non-inferiority results from the AEGIS-H2H study announced in March 2019, mean that treatment with Accrufer® might remove the need for patients to progress to intravenous iron therapy, leading to a change in the current paradigm for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia.
Together with its advisors, Shield is in discussions with a number of potential commercial partners for the US opportunity for Accrufer® and looks forward to providing updates on these discussions in due course.
Feraccru® is already approved in both the European Union and Switzerland for the treatment of iron deficiency in adults and commercialisation activities in these territories are progressing well via Shield's licensing partners.
Carl Sterritt, CEO of Shield Therapeutics: "We are delighted that the FDA has approved the new drug application for our lead asset. This is a further major milestone for the Company which we have worked tirelessly to achieve, and I am very proud to lead the team within Shield that has made this happen. With this broad approval and IP protection out to 2035, Feraccru®/ Accrufer® has a real and very attractive long-term market opportunity to exploit in the USA. We have been pleased with the levels of interest and engagement shown by 3rd parties in commercialising Accrufer® in the USA and we look forward to finalising these discussions and appointing a commercial partner In the world's most attractive pharmaceutical market, so that more patients with iron deficiency can benefit from treatment with Accrufer® at the earliest opportunity."
Jackie Mitchell, VP Regulatory Affairs of Shield Therapeutics: "The broad label that the FDA has granted provides a very strong signal as to the tolerability and efficacy profile of Feraccru®/ Accrufer® and provides a novel and convenient treatment alternative to the millions of US patients who routinely suffer with iron deficiency. We believe that this broad approval, together with the recent clinical trial data on Feraccru® that showed it to be non-inferior in treatment effect to Ferinject®/ Injectafer®, the leading IV iron therapy, can lead to a change in the current paradigm for the treatment iron deficiency anaemia."
The person who arranged for the release of this announcement on behalf of Shield Therapeutics plc was Carl Sterritt, Chief Executive Officer.
www.shieldtherapeutics.com
Carl Sterritt, Chief Executive Officer
Tim Watts, Chief Financial Officer
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About Shield Therapeutics plc
Shield is a de-risked, commercial stage, specialty pharmaceutical company delivering innovative pharmaceuticals to address patients' unmet medical needs. The Company's clear purpose is to help its patients become people again, by enabling them to enjoy the things that make the difference in their everyday lives. The Group has a marketed product, Feraccru® / Accrufer®, for the treatment of iron deficiency in adults which has exclusive IP rights until the mid-2030s. Feraccru® / Accrufer®, is approved by the FDA, EMA and Swiss Medic for the treatment of iron deficiency in adults and is commercialised in the European Union by Norgine BV, with a US commercialisation partner currently being selected. For more information please visit www.shieldtherapeutics.com.
About Feraccru®/ Accrufer®
Feraccru®/ Accrufer® is a novel, stable, non-salt based oral treatment for adults with iron deficiency with or that has been shown to be an efficacious and well-tolerated therapy in a range of controlled phase 3 trials. Following the recently announced positive results of the Phase IIIb AEGIS-H2H study in which Feraccru®demonstrated it was non-inferior to intravenously-administered Ferinject® at delivering improvements in haemoglobin levels without requiring hospital-based administration, Feraccru®/ Accrufer® offers a compelling alternative to IV Iron for those patients that cannot tolerate salt-based oral iron therapies and wish to avoid the complexities of infusion-based therapies.
When salt-based oral iron therapies are ingested they can cause a range of mild-to-severe gastrointestinal tract (GI) adverse events, including nausea, bloating and constipation. These lead to poor tolerability, reduced patient compliance and ultimately treatment failure. Feraccru®/ Accrufer® is not an iron salt; iron can be absorbed from the ferric maltol molecule and, as a result, it does not routinely cause the same treatment-limiting intolerance issues.
Prior to Feraccru®/ Accrufer®, IV iron therapies were the only realistic alternative treatment option for patients intolerant of or unwilling to take salt-based oral iron therapies. However, use of such an invasive, costly, inconvenient and complex to administer treatment option, which is associated with potentially life-threatening and spontaneous hypersensitivity reactions, means there remains a clear unmet medical need for patients with iron deficiency to have access to an effective therapy like Feraccru®/ Accrufer® that is well tolerated, convenient and does not require hospital-based administration.
About Iron Deficiency
The WHO state that iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. As well as affecting a large number of children and women in non-industrialized countries, it is the only nutrient deficiency which is also significantly prevalent in virtually all industrialized nations. There are no current global figures for iron deficiency, but using anaemia as an indirect indicator it can be estimated that most preschool children and pregnant women in non-industrialized countries, and at least 30-40% in industrialized countries, are iron deficient.
This press release contains forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this press release that do not relate to matters of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and include statements related to the commercial strategy for Feraccru. These statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from management's expectations expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, risks associated with, the Group's business and results of operations, competition and other market factors. The forward-looking statements made in this press release represent management's expectations as of the date of this press release, and except as required by law, the Group disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this release, even if subsequent events cause our views to change.
This information is provided by RNS, the news service of the London Stock Exchange. RNS is approved by the Financial Conduct Authority to act as a Primary Information Provider in the United Kingdom. Terms and conditions relating to the use and distribution of this information may apply. For further information, please contact [email protected] or visit www.rns.com.
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text:
El azul de Prusia (en alemán: Preußisch Blau o Berliner Blau - «azul berlinés») es una sustancia de color azul oscuro empleada a menudo como pigmento en pintura y que antiguamente era frecuentemente usada en los planos (llamados en inglés blueprints, de donde tomó el nombre; en español se les llama cianotipo).

El pigmento denominado azul de Prusia fue descubierto accidentalmente por el químico Heinrich Diesbach en Berlín en 1704 y esta es la razón por la que se denomina a veces azul de Berlín. También se le ha llamado azul de París o azul de Milori. Posee diversos nombres químicos, algunos de ellos son: ferrocianuro de hierro(III), ferrocianuro férrico, hexacianoferrato(II) de hierro(III) y hexacianoferrato férrico. Es muy común que se denomine abreviadamente como PB. Su fórmula química abreviada es: Fe7C18N18. El nombre azul de Prusia se comenzó a utilizar en el  por ser el colorante empleado para teñir las telas de los uniformes militares prusianos.

Composición

Al contrario de lo que se suele creer, la composición aproximada de este pigmento era conocida desde la antigüedad, pero la composición exacta fue conocida recientemente.  La identificación detallada del azul de Prusia es compleja debido en parte a tres factores:
 El azul de Prusia es extremadamente insoluble en agua, aunque tiende a formar coloides.
 La elaboración tradicional muestra una gran cantidad de compuestos e impurezas.
 Incluso la estructura cristalina del azul de Prusia puro es muy compleja, definida solo por análisis cristalográfico.

Tal y como se resume en la revisión clásica de Dunbar & Heintz, la fórmula química del azul de Prusia es Fe7(CN)18(H2O)x donde x es un valor que va de 14 a 16. La asignación de la estructura molecular ha sido estudiada por espectroscopia de infrarrojos sobre muestras elaboradas durante las últimas décadas, y se ha estudiado también por espectroscopia Moessbauer, rayos-X y cristalografía de neutrones.

Algunos estudios realizados en paralelo muestran que el contenido de Mn3[Co(CN)6]2 y Co3[Co(CN)6]2 (es decir: Co5(CN)12). Como en la difracción por rayos X no se pueden distinguir los átomos de carbono de los de nitrógeno, la localización de estos elementos se deduce de forma indirecta por otros métodos espectrográficos averiguados por las posiciones de las distancias de los centros de Fe. Mediante el crecimiento de cristales de concentración 10 M HCl, Ludi obtuvo que los cristales de azul de Prusia tienen defectos ordenados. Algunos investigadores han concluido que el marco general de la composición del azul de Prusia consiste en uniones del tipo Fe(II)-CN-Fe(III), con Fe(II)-C distancias de 1,92 Å y distancias Fe(III)-N de 2,03 Å. Los centros de Fe(II), los cuales tienen un spin bajo, están rodeados de seis ligandos de carbono. Los centros de Fe(III), que tienen, por el contrario, un spin alto, están rodeados en media por 4 centros de nitrógeno y por 1,5 centros de oxígeno. Por otra parte, la composición es tan notoriamente variable debido a la presencia de defectos de red, permitiendo que sea hidratado por varias moléculas de agua incorporadas a la estructura cristalina.

Historia

Elaboración
En el año 1704 se descubre la elaboración del azul de Prusia en un laboratorio, por casualidad, y gracias al químico y productor de colores berlinés Heinrich Diesbach. Diesbach estaba ocupado en la elaboración de un colorante rojo cuando le faltaba ceniza para precipitar el colorante rojo. Por esta razón, su compañero Johann Conrad Dippel le dio un material de sustitución denominado aceite de Dippel o  «aceite de hueso», pero añadiendo este apareció un colorante azul en vez del deseado rojo. Cuando Diesbach comentó el efecto, su compañero se dedicó a mejorar la receta y juntos comercializaron este nuevo colorante y lo produjeron en una fábrica berlinesa con el nombre de «azul de Berlín». La receta fue mantenida en secreto durante algún tiempo, pero en 1724 la descubrió el inglés Woodward y la publicó en el Philosophical Transactions en ese mismo año. Poco tiempo después empezó a extenderse el uso de un pigmento denominado azul parisino en pintura, elaborado en París.

Nombres y sinónimos
 El nombre químico del pigmento: hierro cyan, azul ferrociano
 Nombres por lugar de producción: «azul de Amberes», «azul de Bronce», «azul de China», «azul de Delft», «azul de Diesbach», «azul de hierro», «azul de Milori», «azul de París», «azul de Sajonia», «azul de Turnbull», «azul de Vossen», «azul de Zwickau».
 Nombre del color: «azul de Luisa», «azul de moda», «azul de Prusia», «azul de acero» y «azul de agua».
 C.I. Pigmento: Blue 27
 En francés: Bleu de prusse; en inglés: Prussian blue, Toning blue; en catalán: Blauet, Blavet o Blau de Berlín.

Tipos de producción

Antiguamente
Método de Diesbach Se cuecen en alumbre y sulfato de hierro pulgas de la cochinilla. Entonces se precipita el colorante azul de Prusia con el denominado «Dippels Tieröl».
Receta inglesa En partes iguales se mezcla nitrato de calcio (salitre) y tartrato de potasio (levadura) y se calientan. Se añade sangre de animales ya seca y se sigue calentando. La masa formada se lava con agua y se mezcla con alumbre y sulfato de hierro. Al final se añade ácido clorhídrico, lo que cambia el color verde a un azul profundo.

Azul de Turnbull
El Turnbulls Blau  es un nombre histórico sinónimo del azul de Prusia. Se produce añadiendo sales de hierro(II) a una solución acuosa de hexacianoferrato(III) de potasio. La misma reacción también se encuentra entre sales de hierro(III) y hexacianoferrato(II) de potasio, dando lugar a la siguiente reacción:

Azul Milori
El azul Milori se denomina a diferentes tipos ya cocidos de este pigmento, que suelen tener un tono más caliente.

Actualidad
 Directamente:Cloruro de hierro(III) se mezcla con hexacianoferrato (II) de potasio, o nitrato de hierro (II) con hexacianoferrato (III) de potasio en agua. Se precipita un azul de Prusia coloidal.
 Indirecto:
 2 FeSO4 (sulfato de hierro(II)) y K4[Fe(CN)6] (hexacianoferrato (II) de potasio) reaccionando con Fe2[Fe(CN)6] (Blanco de Berlín) + 2 K2SO4
 El blanco Berlín con Cl2 (cloro) o H3CrO3 (ácido crómico) se oxida a azul de Prusia.

Azul de Prusia en las artes

 En la novela de Theodor Fontane La señora Jenny Treibel, la familia berlinesa tiene unas grandes fábricas para la producción del azul de Prusia, en realidad lo que se describía era a la familia de empresarios alemanes Kunheim. Se sabe que una hermana de Fontane, Jenny Sommerfeld, era amiga de los Kunheim.

 En el 2007 se grabó en Argentina un cortometraje cómico llamado Ferrocianuro férrico, protagonizado por una mujer indigente llamada Prusia.

 El videojuego de 2012 New Art Academy, para la Nintendo 3DS incluye un tubo de pintura llamado Azul de Prusia.

 En fotografía, el proceso conocido como Cianotipia crea imágenes monocromas en este tono.

Aplicaciones

 En matricería, en el ajuste de superficies metálicas, mezclado con pequeñas cantidades de aceite, es utilizado en los platos de ajuste, para revelar las imperfecciones de una superficie mecanizada.
 En la rectificación de motores, se usa para controlar el asiento de las válvulas en las culatas.
 Hardware: se utiliza para el almacenamiento de información.
 Medicina: en el diagnóstico de la hemosiderosis usándola en la Tinción de Perls.
 La capacidad del azul de Prusia de incorporar monocationes lo hace útil como agente de secuestro para ciertos metales pesados tóxicos.
 Además, para eliminar determinados materiales radiactivos del cuerpo de las personas.
 Como cátodo en una batería de potasio-ion.
 Como antídoto en la intoxicación por talio.
 Hasta hace unas décadas, se añadían unas gotas de "azul de añil" al último aclarado de una colada de ropa blanca (sábanas, mantelerías, etc.) para darle una blancura superior. El producto se vendía en droguerías.

Otras muestras

|}

Galería

Véase también
 Ferrocianuro potásico
 Añil
 Azul marino

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Ludi, A., "Prussian Blue, an Inorganic Evergreen", Journal of Chemical Education 1981, 58, 1013.
 Sharpe, A. G., "The Chemistry of Cyano Complexes of the Transition Metals," Academic Press: London, 1976
 Hans-Peter Schramm, Bernd Hering: Historische Malmaterialien und ihre Identifizierung. o.V. Stuttgart, 1995. Reprint Ravensburg, 2000. ISBN 3-473-48067-3
 Kurt Wehlte: Werkstoffe und Techniken der Malerei. Otto Maier Verlag. Ravensburg, 1967. ISBN 3-473-48359-1 (früher: ISBN 3-473-61157-3)

Enlaces externos
 La página del FDA sobre el azul de Prusia
 La página de CDC sobre el azul de Prusia
 National Pollutant Inventory - Cyanide compounds fact sheet
 Thomas Seilnacht: Azul de Prusia.
 Volkert Emrath: Descripción completa de su elaboración, historia y composición de otros pigmentos-, Libro- y pintores de miniados de ca. 1780. (XGA)
 Military Miniatures Magazine: Se denomina como azul de París o de Berlín. Desarrollo histórico de elementos.
 . Información para química y materiales colorantes. Departamento de Química. Universität Paderborn.
 Los "Revisionistas" y la Química de Josef Bailer
 The Chemistry of Auschwitz, Richard Green

Pigmentos minerales
Antídotos
Materiales de arte
Cianuros
Prusia
Productos químicos usados en fotografía
Medicamento esencial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud
Ciencia de 1704
Inventos de Alemania
Inventos del siglo XVIII
Tonalidades de azul

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Is it possible to specify a minimum date on TDateEdit Firemonkey control? for example
MyDateEdit.MinDate := DateOf(Now);

I'm using Delphi XE7 Update 1 and the help file seems to not mention any property or method to do this

A: There is no property that I'm aware of, but you can enforce this using the OnChange event of your MyDateEdit control.
procedure TForm1.MyDateEditChange(Sender: TObject);
begin
  with Sender as TDateEdit do
  begin
    if Date < Now then
      Date := Now;
    end;
  end;

To clarify based off @SilverWarior 's comment below: This will not allow any date prior to your minimum date to exist in your control at any time. If you want a user to enter a date by keyboard entry (and during their entry the date may fall below your minimum), it may be best to use the OnExit event instead of the OnChange event.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text: Core mod for many of Landmaster's mods

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Australia's Pegasus raises $28m from Accel-KKR
Human networks. Credit: Taiger
Australian workforce management service provider Pegasus has secured a $28 million from Silicon Valley investment firm Accel-KKR, according to an announcement.
Pegasus will use the funding to expand its presence in the UK, Europe and North America.
Set up in 1998, Pegasus connects workers, contractors and assets in real-time for companies including Woolworths, BHP, Visy, Lendlease, Aurizon and Ausgrid. It caters to mining, rail & transport, construction, manufacturing, retail, and facilities management & utilities sectors.
With this investment, Accel-KKR Principal Joe Portenwill joins the board of Pegasus.
"With employment growth worldwide coming from external workforces, Pegasus is well-positioned to grow its well-established worker networks", he said. "We are very excited to partner with Pegasus to further accelerate organic growth domestically, expand geographically and augment that growth with strategic acquisitions."
Accel-KKR is a technology-focused investment firm with over $9 billion in capital commitments. The firm focuses on software and IT-enabled businesses well-positioned for topline and bottom-line growth.
The investment firm focuses on middle-market companies and provides a broad range of capital solutions including buyout capital, minority-growth investments, and credit alternatives.
Accel-KKR also invests across a wide range of transaction types including private company recapitalizations, divisional carve-outs and going-private transactions.
Accel-KKR Pegasus
Australia-based Humanforce raises $16m Series A from Accel-KKR
Humanforce will use the funding to scale up its global operations, particularly in the US, and extend its SaaS and mobile platforms for workforce mana
NZ data science firm Seequent secures growth equity investment from Accel-KKR
Prior to the Accel-KKR deal, Seequent received funding from Pencarrow, a Wellington-based private equity firm, in 2014.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Launching the Timeless Treasurers...
Launching the Timeless Treasures
Tuesday 31st January 2017 15:43 EST
Timeless Treasures – a heavy, coffee table book on the material culture of regal Indian weddings was launched amidst great pomp and grandeur at the Natural History Museum, by London based publisher Rutland Hall.
The book was part-authored by Art Consultant, Curator and novelist Deepika Ahlawat. Deepika describes the book as "a nice midway point to look at traditions that Indians engage with several times in their lives. Very few want to engage behind the rituals/ traditions. Timeless Treasures is a mid-way point between academic and the magazine-y way of looking at it."
The highly visual large-format publication comprises unique pictures and stories of weddings in the royal families across India from the late 19th century to the present day. It is a thoroughly researched historical account of the Maharajas' weddings, illustrated with rare or never-before-seen archival images.
Deepika is a historian and curator who came across these priceless pictures while researching at the Mehrangar Fort in Jodhpur. Through her years of study and documentation, she developed close ties with the royal families in India, and used her friends and connections to archive the stories on royal weddings.
"My remit is to provide a background to how royal weddings took place. The overall concept is a way of looking at continuity in a wide lens," she said.
"My target audience is the global diasporic couple." By illustrating the evolution in wedding trends in India, from its princely past to its modern avatar, Timeless Treasures aims to help the new discerning global Indian to plan and execute the most glamorous, stylish and memorable weddings in history.
The second part of the book features an exclusive selection of contemporary luxury brands that embody the ethos of the regal Indian wedding, including couture houses, jewellers, and iconic wedding destinations – that were compiled by the publishers.
The publishers Rutland Hall was formed to create large-format illustrated books with the ethos of publishing creatively edited, inventive, books from world-renowned historians and curators.
Becki Bishop, Founder of Floco, a company specializing in Asian wedding flower decorations bought the book at the launch. "It would make the most beautiful keepsake, gift and reference book for a newly-engaged couple planning a wedding," she said.
"I find the historical part very interesting, beautifully extended with illustrations, I feel the passion in the academic inputs and loved reading it. I will look at it as an inspiration and reference," Becky said.


text:
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How to open the tax-free lifetime Isa (LISA) for under 40s and earn as much as £32,000 in free cash from the government.
Last updated: Jul 2020
Coronavirus (COVID-19) lifetime Isas update What is a lifetime Isa? How does a lifetime Isa work? How do I open a lifetime Isa? How much can I pay into a lifetime Isa?
Can I withdraw money from a lifetime Isa? Can I transfer a lifetime Isa? Should I use a Help to Buy Isa or a lifetime Isa? The future of lifetime Isas Lifetime Isa providers and what they offer
Coronavirus (COVID-19) lifetime Isas update
The government has announced it will reduce the lifetime Isa withdrawal penalty to 20% (down from 25%) between 6 March 2020 and 5 April 2021 to help savers who need to access their savings early as a result of the coronavirus.
Read the latest coronavirus news and advice from Which?.
What is a lifetime Isa?
The lifetime Isa (LISA) is a tax-free savings or investments account designed to help those aged 18-39 buy their first home or save for retirement.
It is the latest member of the Isa family, joining cash Isas, stocks and shares Isas, Junior Isas, Help to Buy Isas and innovative finance Isas in an increasingly complex landscape for savers.
Our short video explains how lifetime Isas work.
How does a lifetime Isa work?
When is it available? It's been available since 6 April 2017
Who can open a lifetime Isa? Adults aged 18-39 (if you turn 40 on or before 6 April 2017 you won't be eligible), although only first-time buyers can use one to buy property under age 60.
What do I get? For every £4 you save, the government will add £1 (worth up to £1,000 every tax year until you turn 50 years old).
How much can I save? Up to £4,000 a year is eligible for the 25% bonus (you can add more but it won't receive a government contribution).
When is the bonus paid? The bonus is paid every month, so that you benefit from compound growth.
Can I invest in stocks and shares? Yes, you can invest in either cash or stocks and shares.
Does this sit within my overall Isa limit? Yes, your overall annual Isa limit is £20,000 in 2020-21 and will include any payments into a cash Isa, stocks and shares Isa, innovative finance Isa, or lifetime Isa.
Can I spend the money on whatever I like? Under the age of 60 – no, you must use the cash to purchase a first property worth up to £450,000. After age 60 – yes, you can spend the money as you see fit.
Are withdrawals tax-free? Yes, as with other Isas, withdrawals are tax-free.
Are withdrawals penalty-free? It depends – if you use the money to purchase a first property or withdraw after the age of 60, you won't be penalised. If you want to spend the money on anything other than your first property and you're under the age of 60, you'll be hit with a 25% penalty when you withdraw your cash. On 1 May the penalty was reduced to 20% between 6 March 2020 and 5 April 2021 to help savers who need to access their savings early as a result of the coronavirus.
Can I pass on my lifetime Isa to a partner? Yes, your spouse or civil partner can inherit the value of your lifetime Isa as an 'additional permitted subscription' (APS) allowance. For more on how to pass on an Isa, see our guide to inheritance Isas.
How do I open a lifetime Isa?
As with a regular Isa, you will be able to hold multiple lifetime Isas at one time. However, you can only open and pay into one lifetime Isa in each tax year.
You can transfer money from existing Isas. Any money you move across from previous years' Isas will not affect your overall Isa limit for that year.
How much can I pay into a lifetime Isa?
If you open a lifetime Isa you can still have a regular cash Isa, a stocks and shares Isa and an – as long as your overall contributions are within the annual Isa limit (£20,000 for 2020-21 tax year).
As with all other Isas, your money grows tax-free.
Parents and grandparents can also pay into a lifetime Isa opened by their child or grandchild, which could be a useful part of inheritance tax planning.
If you save the maximum £4,000 a year from age 18-50 you would receive £32,000 in government bonuses over the 32 years.
The bonus is paid on your contributions, not the overall amount saved. So, it doesn't matter what interest rate you earn if you open a cash lifetime Isa, or how your investment performs if you open stocks and shares lifetime Isa, as the bonus is paid on what you put in.
Can I withdraw money from a lifetime Isa?
You can put your lifetime Isa savings and bonuses towards a deposit on your first property or to fund retirement.
But you won't be able benefit from employer contributions as you would if you have a company pension.
Here, we explain the different ways you can take money out of your lifetime Isa.
After the age of 60
Once you hit age 60 you can withdraw some, or all of your money, including the government bonus, to spend as you see fit.
Withdrawals are tax-free.
When buying your first home
You can withdraw some, or all, of your money at any time after 12 months – as long as you are using it to buy your first home, and not a buy-to-let property, in the UK, valued up to £450,000.
Lifetime Isas are limited per person, not per home - so, if you're part of a couple, you can both open a lifetime Isa and benefit from the government bonuses before buying a property together.
Unlike a Help to Buy Isa, you can use both your lifetime Isa savings and the government bonus to put down a deposit once you've exchanged contracts. The Help to Buy Isa only pays the bonus after completion, so it can't be used as part of your initial deposit to secure the property.
If the purchase falls through, or you don't use the cash to buy your home within three months after the withdrawal, the money must be returned to the lifetime Isa by the conveyancer.
Under 60 and not buying a home
If you withdraw money for any other reason, you will face a 25% penalty (20% if made between 6 March 2020 and 5 April 2021) on the amount withdrawn.
For those that made a withdrawal before 6 March 2020, this does not mean you'll only lose out on the government bonus; the penalty means you'll also lose 6.25% of your own money, in addition to losing the bonus.
The only exception to this is if you're diagnosed with terminal ill health, in which case you can withdraw all of the funds (including the bonus) tax-free and penalty-free, regardless of age.
On 1 May 2020, the government announced that this withdrawal penalty will be reduced to 20% for withdrawals made between 6 March 2020 and 5 April 2021. This is to help savers who need to access their cash early as a result of the coronavirus crisis.
In practice, the different withdrawal penalties work as below:
25% withdrawal penalty: pay in £1,000 and receive a 25% bonus = £1,250. Withdraw £1,250- £312.50 25% penalty = £937.50.
20% withdrawal penalty: pay in £1,000 and receive 25% bonus = £1,250. Withdraw £1,250-£250 20% penalty = £1,000.
Can I transfer a lifetime Isa?
Officially, you should be able to transfer your lifetime Isa between providers. This should take no longer than 30 days.
However, several providers do not currently offer this service - so you should check beforehand.
It will also be possible to move money from a lifetime Isa to another type of Isa. However, this will count as an unauthorised withdrawal so you will have to pay the 25% penalty (20% if made between 6 March 2020 and 5 April 2021) .
Should I use a Help to Buy Isa or a lifetime Isa?
Help to Buy Isas are no longer available to new applicants, but if you have an existing account you can continue to save (and benefit from the 25% bonus) until December 2030.
If you want to buy within the next year, you won't benefit from a lifetime Isa, as funds can only be withdrawn after 12 months.
Otherwise, a lifetime Isa may be worth considering, as you can save more money and earn a bigger bonus.
You're also not limited by a monthly deposit cap – with the Help to Buy Isa you can only save £200 per month, but with the lifetime Isa you can add cash as a lump sum.
A lifetime Isa bonuses can be used towards more expensive properties. With the Help to Buy Isa, you can only buy a house worth up to £250,000 (or £450,000 in London), while the lifetime Isa allows you to buy a home worth up to £450,000 anywhere in the UK.
You can also choose to open a lifetime Isa alongside a Help to Buy Isa. However, you can only use the government bonus from one of these accounts to buy your first home.
You can transfer money in your Help to Buy Isa to a lifetime Isa, but this will count against the lifetime Isa contribution limit for that year.
The future of lifetime Isas
The government is debating whether to let people borrow funds against their lifetime Isa without incurring a charge, as long as they repay the money in full.
It may also decide that money within a lifetime Isa can be withdrawn without charge for other specific life events, in addition to buying a first home.
But, neither of these things are possible right now.
We recently wrote an extended longform article exploring how many people have opened a lifetime Isa since its launch, what its downfalls are, and what the future could look like for the product: is there life in the lifetime Isa?
Lifetime Isa providers and what they offer
There are currently 15 lifetime Isa providers on the market, offering either cash or stocks & shares investment options.
Skipton Building Society cash lifetime Isa
Skipton Building Society online cash lifetime Isa currently has 0.35% tax-free interest, which is earned daily and paid annually on the anniversary of the account being opened.
The account can only be opened and managed online, and the first payment into the account must be by debit card, internal transfer from another Skipton account, or transfer (but not direct debit) from another bank or building society.
You can also transfer Isa savings. After that, you can pay by cash in branch, cheque or standing order.
You can deposit anything between £1 and £4,000 each tax year, and there's an offer to receive £250 cashback on a Skipton mortgage when you take out an online cash lifetime Isa.
No joint accounts are allowed.
Nottingham Building Society cash lifetime Isa
The cash Isa option from Nottingham Building Society has 1.25% tax-free interest, paid annually. Savers must make a minimum initial deposit of £10 when opening the account.
Account holders will also gain free access to The Nottingham's mortgage advice services, which would cost non-existing customers £249.
The account can be opened both online and in The Nottingham's branches - it is the only provider to offer both of these options.
No transfers from any kind of Isas are accepted into this account.
Newcastle Building Society cash lifetime Isa
The newest addition to the lifetime Isa providers, Newcastle's offering pays 0.35%, paid monthly.
The account requires a minimum initial deposit of £1.
You need to open the account online, and it is available nationwide.
Newcastle Building Society began accepting transfers from other lifetime Isas in February 2019.
The Share Centre stocks and shares lifetime Isa
The Share Centre has a Ready-made Lifetime Isa, where you can choose for your money to be invested into one of its three funds: 'cautious', 'positive' or 'adventurous', depending on your attitude to risk. The three funds can also be blended.
The funds include a wide variety of investments to make them as diverse as possible, but you can't choose specifically what is included in each fund.
Due to the nature of investments, there are risks involved with all fund options – even if you go for the 'cautious' option there is still the chance that you will get back less money than you initially invested.
On opening a lifetime Isa, there are no dealing commission fees, no account admin fee or initial charges.
There are, however, ongoing fund charges for managing the investment. These are set at 1.75% of your savings and are taken directly from your account. This means those with small investment amounts may be negatively affected.
You can pay into the account by debit card, cheque or Bacs/Chaps, and you can also set up a direct debit.
Nutmeg stocks and shares lifetime Isa
Nutmeg is a finance app/'robo advisor' that allows you to manage your investment portfolio through your phone.
With its lifetime Isa, your funds are invested in stocks and shares (mostly exchange-traded funds). Nutmeg helps you choose a portfolio based on your finance goals and attitude to risk.
Each portfolio is diversified across different assets, countries and industry sectors.
There are two options: a fully managed portfolio, which is managed by the investment team and incurs a larger fee (0.75% up to £100k, 0.35% beyond); or a fixed allocation portfolio which is cheaper to maintain (0.45% up to £100k, 0.25% beyond) but has no ongoing management.
There are also charges for investment fund costs and effect of market spread, which can vary.
All fees are taken directly from your account on a monthly basis.
The minimum investment is set at £100.
As with all investments, there are risks involved, so you may get back less money than you put in.
The option to transfer money held in other Isas to your Lifetime Isa is not yet available with Nutmeg – this includes the transfer of a Help to Buy Isa.
Hargreaves Lansdown stocks and shares lifetime Isa
Hargreaves Lansdown offers a stocks & shares lifetime Isa. You can open with a lump sum of £100 or start saving from £25 a month, and then choose your investments.
There are several investments to choose from, based on how long you're planning to invest for and your attitude to risk.
You can manage your account through Hargreaves Lansdown's app.
There are annual management charges for holding your funds:0.45% on the first £250,000; 0.25% for funds between £250,000 and £1m; 0.1% for funds between £1m and £2m; no charge for funds over £2m.
There may also be dealing charges for online and mobile app share dealing, telephone and postal share dealing, and income reinvestment.
Fees are taken monthly from your account. There is a 'suggested minimum cash balance' to prevent the chance of not having enough money in your account to cover the fees.
If that happens, you can add money to a Fund & Share Account, where fees will be collected if there aren't enough in the Lifetime Isa.
If there is not enough money in the Fund & Shares account, Hargreaves Lansdown will sell sufficient holdings to cover the amount owed, at a charge of £1.50 per deal if an automatic sale is required.
If you are unsure where to invest or with to be out of the market, cash can be held in the lifetime Isa. There are no inactivity fees, and funds from £5,000 upwards received 0.05% interest.
As your funds are being invested, there are risks involved and you could end up with less money than you put in.
Paragon Bank cash lifetime Isa
Paragon Bank launched a cash lifetime Isa that pays 1.15% AER in November 2019.
The account can be open with just £1, and while it must be opened online you can then manage the account online, by post or telephone.
It accepts transfers from other lifetime Isas and is available nationwide.
MoneyBox cash lifetime Isa
MoneyBox launched a cash lifetime Isa to go alongside its stocks and shares option in July 2019.
The account pay 1.25% AER, and can be opened with just £1.
Savers who opened an account before 23 April 2020 will have their cash held by OakNorth Bank; accounts opened after this date will have savings held with Investec.
It's available nationwide, and accepts Isa transfers.
MoneyBox stocks and shares lifetime Isa
MoneyBox is an app-based investment platform, with a stocks & shares lifetime Isa that invests money via three tracker funds.
These are split into 'cautious', 'balanced' and 'adventurous', each with a portfolio including a cash fund, global shares fund and property shares fund.
You must pay a subscription fee of £1 per month to use the app, plus a platform fee of 0.45% of what you invest per year. Plus there are fees from fund providers, ranging from 0.22% to 0.24% of your investment.
You are able to transfer existing Isas (including Help to Buy Isas) into a MoneyBox Lifetime Isa, and will soon be able to transfer a MoneyBox stocks & shares Isa into a MoneyBox Lifetime Isa.
If you transfer your MoneyBox Lifetime Isa to an alternative lifetime Isa, you will be charged a £25 administration fee.
There is an element of risk involved when investing money, and you may get back less than you initially put in.
AJ Bell stocks and shares lifetime Isa
AJ Bell is an investment company offering a stocks & shares lifetime Isa.
Investment options include shares, investment trusts, unit trusts, gilts, corporate bonds and Open Ended Investment Companies (OEICs). You cannot invest in warrants or private (unquoted) shares.
There's a range of investment tools, including videos, articles and research, on its website to help you decide what's right for you.
Alternatively, there's the option to invest in AJ Bell Passive funds (charged at 0.5% annually) - managed by a team of investment experts with five categories based on how adventurous an investor you are.
Fees vary according to types of investment, with a custody charge of 0.25% on shares and funds, a charge per deal on buying and selling investments ranging from £1.50 for funds and regular investments online, to £100 where a paper application is required.
There are also charges for payments by CHAPS (£25 plus VAT), transferring out underlying assets (£25 per holding), and disinvestment - i.e. if your holdings have to be sold to cover charges (£29.95 per holding).
You can transfer cash from stocks & shares and cash Isas, as well as an existing lifetime Isa and Help to Buy Isa.
There's a mobile app, where you can access your account at any time and deal on the go.
As returns on investments are not guaranteed, you could end up with less money than you first put in.
Foresters Friendly Society stocks and shares lifetime Isa
Foresters Friendly Society is a mutual society that offers a stocks & shares lifetime Isa.
Money is invested in the With Profits Order Insurance Fund, which aims to provide growth over five years or more. Annual and final bonuses may be added to the lifetime Isa by Foresters, depending on how much profit the fund makes - this isn't guaranteed.
The lifetime Isa is classified as 'medium risk', which Foresters classes as 'one which typically cannot predict the amount of money you may receive back'.
You can transfer money in from other Isas and savings.
A Market Value Reduction (MVR) may apply when you make withdrawals or fully cash in your lifetime Isa, even if you are over 60 or using the money to buy your first home.
Charges include an annual management charge of 1.25% and portfolio transaction costs of 0.12%.
It also offers 'Foresters Extras', as opening the account makes you a Foresters member. These include financial grants for education and healthcare, social and community events and Foresters Care - practical and emotional support from a personal nurse advisor for anyone with a serious medical condition.
OneFamily stocks and shares lifetime Isa
OneFamily offers two investment fund options with varying levels of risk.
The Global Equity Fund is for those looking to invest for over 10 years (so probably not first-time buyers), who are willing to accept a greater risk in the hope of greater overall returns in the long run.
The Global Mixed Investment Fund is suitable for those planning to invest for at least five years, with shorter term goals. It's less risky, so potential return are lower.
Both funds invest almost exclusively in collective investment schemes. As markets can fluctuate, there's no guarantee that you'll get back the same value of money you initially invested.
There's a 1% annual management charge, plus you'll have to pay up to 0.3% for an investment expenses charge.
To open the account, you need to either set up a £25 direct debit, or deposit a £250 lump sum.
Payments can only be made via debit card (made online) or from a regular Direct Debit from a UK bank or building society held in your name.
Transact stocks and shares lifetime Isa
Transact offers a service for professional investors managing clients' investment portfolios.
Its stocks & shares Isa requires a quarterly wrapper fee of £3, plus additional fees if the account is part of a larger portfolio and charges for each transaction to buy or sell investments listed on or admitted to a stock exchange.
Charges paid to your adviser or discretionary investment manager must be paid from outside of your lifetime Isa account.
Cash can be held in the Isa without the need to be invested, but with no interest it won't grow.
It is worth bearing in mind that the monthly government bonus is also paid in as cash, and without specific instructions to invest it, it will just sit as cash in the account.
As this is an investment product, there is a chance that you won't get back as much money as you invested.
Metfriendly stocks and shares lifetime Isa
The Metfriendly lifetime Isa is for all serving, retired and former Metropolitan police officers or staff, and their immediate family – so it's not suitable for the general public who have no ties to the police.
The account is a stocks & shares Isa, and money is invested into Metfriendly's With-Profits fund, which is made up of equities, commercial property, bonds and cash.
At the end of each calendar year, a bonus is usually added to investments, and if you invest for more than three years an additional final bonus is usually added when you cash in your investment. Bonuses depend on the return from the With-Profits fund.
It's for those who wish to start saving at least £100 a month initially, or to invest a lump sum between £1,200-£4,000, or to transfer an existing Isa or lifetime Isa from another provider.
The terms and conditions list these figures to describe the 'intended retail investor', and it's not clear if these minimum payment amounts must be stuck to.
There are several fees to cover: a one-off 0.6% charge when entering the investment; ongoing charges of 0.12% portfolio transaction costs and 1.74% to cover 'other ongoing costs'.
It's been assessed as a medium-to-low risk account, but as always there is a chance that you may lose any money you invest.
Unity Mutual stocks and shares lifetime Isa
Unity Mutual is the financial services brand of The Oddfellows friendly society.
This is a stocks and shares Isa, but pays a guaranteed return of 1.5% on all money paid into the account (this AER may vary).
The account has been classified as a three out of seven medium-low risk.
Government bonuses are automatically invested with the rest of your savings once they're received each month.
This account accepts Isa transfers, and to open the account you'll either need to set up a direct debit for at least £25 a month or make an initial deposit of at least £1.
EQi stocks and shares lifetime Isa
Launched on 2 March 2020, digital investing platform EQi's lifetime Isa currently offers the lowest custody or platform fee of 0.2%. However, there are a number of other fees you'll have to bear in mind.
The account accept Isa transfers, as long as they're in cash. That means any investments must be sold before the cash is transferred in.
Minimum deposit is £10; you can either do one-off payments or set up a regular direct debit. You must have made some kind of deposit during the first year of opening the account.
Government bonuses are automatically added to the rest of your savings once they're received each month.
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Anyone who's read Beth Loves Bollywood knows that the intrepid Beth dips occasionally into the films of Govinda, with precisely the goal of answering the question: "What is with Govinda?"
Because as any true Govinda fan knows, sometimes it's not easy being a fan of the Chichi, having to wade through terrible costumes, terrible films, just in order to find that gem of a moment that makes it all worthwhile.
Personally, I have been waiting impatiently for Mani Ratnam's new film Raavan to release ever since I found out that Govinda was going to be in it. I know I'm not the only Govinda fan hoping that finally we'll see a performance he can sink his considerable talent into -- something even better than his delightful turn as the taxiwalla Raju in Salaam-e-Ishq.
I was, however, surprised to find that a lot of people didn't know that Govinda was going to be in the film -- and I thought, what better way to mark that than to spend the week leading up to the release of Raavan celebrating the wonder that is Govinda.
But where to begin? How to explain to someone who's not familiar with Govinda who he is, and why we should be celebrating his work?
Frankly, I didn't have a clue. And then I got an email from Stacey Yount, one of the Editors-in-chief at BollySpice. She wanted to be part of Chichi week, and would I like to use a piece she wrote about him?
I could think of no better way to introduce a week devoted to Govinda and his work.
"Govinda is one of Bollywood's most enduring stars," writes Yount. "He can do both comedy and drama, is considered one of the best dancers in Bollywood, and presents a naturalness on screen that contributes to brilliant performances."
Stacey's Spotlight On Govinda will give you the background you need if you know next to nothing about this enduring performer. And I'm hoping that the posts and podcasts produced during Govinda week will add some spice to the mix!
Can it get better than Taxiwallah Raju? That is my ultimate favorite role of his. He was just endearing and scene-stealingly adorable throughout. I have never rooted for him more. How do people NOT love him? I love people that love to be silly and don't take themselves so seriously. That's why goofballs like him, Juhi Chawla, Abhishek B. and Sridevi always steal my heart.
You know, I actually do think it *can* get better than Raju -- if only the man would take that role as his standard. Sigh. Between SEI and Hatya, I just melt.
The following may interest you. It is a very young Govinda talking to Khalid Mohammed who did the interviews for the "Movie Mahal" series by Channel 4 (or the BBC, can't recall now) in the late 1980s. His impersonations of the superstars are spot on!
On the issue of "Raavan", there's already quite a bit of chatter in the interwebs as to why they are not using Govinda more in the promos because audience reaction while the trailers were being played out in the theatres is "Govinda aila re" (here comes Govinda). He's hugely loved amongst the masses.
OMG, Suhan, thank you so much for that clip! And the whole series looks terrific, I'm looking forward to watching it.
I have in fact, done Swarg -- on the podcast -- it's Episode 13. But I think I might be revisiting it here on the blog later in the week, in context with a couple of other films. It's a film I actually quite like a lot!


David Humphrey is a developer, open source expert, and professor at Seneca College's School of Information and Communications Technology. Since 2004, David and Mozilla have involved hundreds of students in research projects related to Firefox and the web — building cutting-edge web technology and providing real-world experience. This includes participating in the creation of new web standards for audio and gaming technologies, implementing existing standards like subtitles for web video, and developing new web technologies for interactivity, animation, and web literacy. David is also a founding member of Seneca College's Centre for the Development of Open Technology and a regular speaker at conferences and technology gatherings on topics associated with open source practices.
I'm wondering if you could start with an overview of your work.
I teach computer programming and software engineering at Seneca College. I do research there, mostly related to the web. I've been working with Mozilla on research projects and teaching and so on, since 2004. In that time I've done so many different things.
Essentially, they all have a similar pattern, which is I've taught students how to get involved in open source through Mozilla. I use Mozilla as a large example project. Every year it's different, but we'll be working on some project for Mozilla, a feature in Firefox, or a new thing that the foundation wants, or whatever.
Typically, that has spun out into research projects. After the course is done, and most of the students are finished with it, some of the students continue on with me.
We have a lab, the Center for Development of Open Technology, or CDOT, where we continue that work. It will go on sometimes for a year, sometimes for two years, to finish that piece of whatever it is that we're doing. That kind of cycle has repeated for more than a decade.
Can you think of a specific time, an anecdote, when you felt a sense of success in this work?
Lots of them. Sometimes it has felt like success when we've done something that will ship to all the users of Firefox. Success will feel like scale sometimes, and it will be big. We've had that experience quite a few times. Work that we've done has led to web standards emerging or changing. When I see Microsoft or Apple implementing something that we helped design there's a sense that we pushed the industry, we did something.
Sometimes success will feel like a really small thing. I'll have a particular student who I'm working with, who has had a crazy life getting to that point, and here they are able to participate in this huge network of professionals and creative people. To them, their life has just changed tracks. That story has repeated a lot of times for me as well.
Some of my students have gone on and worked at Mozilla, they've worked at other companies, or they've been involved interesting projects. It's leveled them up in a way that they weren't anticipating, that I wasn't anticipating. Success has also felt like being able to do it over and over again — my work is always taking students who don't know this stuff to a point where they know it. Then I start again.
Typically in an engineering shop or in a computer company the idea is that you train up your employees and they get better and better. There's this myth, at least, that they would get better, and better, and better — and then you would have this unbelievable team. In an educational context, it's never like that. I'm always working with people at the same level. As soon as they get good, I lose them. Then we do it again.
Success for me has also felt like being able to reproduce. Being able to have that work again, and again, and again. That cyclical nature of it. I guess I would say it's because of relationships, as opposed to some magical thing, but it's worked.
Those are a few examples of how success looks different, and has looked different, and felt different over the years.
I'm curious as to whether or not you've adjusted your pedagogy. It seems that doing this over and over again, you might start tweaking it. Are there any overarching themes, or big changes that you've made, to the way you teach?
For sure. Every time I've done it I've had to change it. I remember the very first time I taught the course, the students had to compile Firefox from source code — as the very first thing that they did. There really wasn't good documentation on that, and there were a lot of issues with it.
By the time they were done — because of having 40 people all working on the documentation — they had fixed it, and it was like, "Here's how to do it," and it was really clean for a beginner. It meant that I couldn't use that as my example — the thing that I did — for the next group of students.
We were not only helping those students to understand how to do something, but the state of Mozilla would change as a result of us being in there. It wasn't like we were third-party observers who had no effect on the community. Our effect grew and grew.
As a result of that, and as a result of being more engaged with people in the community and different areas of it, every time I do it it's completely different. I never know, from time to time, what it's going to look like, which is terrifying on the one hand, because I can't reuse materials. It means that I have to be willing to work on process, as opposed to product.
I can't compare from one year to a next what they do, because it looks so different. It's very challenging. Many of my colleagues don't want to do it. I've tried to get other people to do it. It's chaotic, as you would expect, and a lot of people don't enjoy that chaos.
Students don't mind it, though. They already feel like so many of the courses they're in are over their head or new. They don't have that same fear, I think, of things being different, and big, and hard.
Unlike other professors, you can't just set your curriculum and then just tweak it occasionally. You've got to start anew each year.
A number of times, Mozilla, as well as other schools, have wanted me to give them my curriculum. But there isn't a set of notes that I have. There are certain touchstone things that I'll do with them.
For example, one thing that's changed over the years, is that GitHub has appeared and become the de facto way that everyone does open source, including Mozilla. That's now a big part of what I teach — how to participate in collaborative projects and get on GitHub.
Things like that emerge, but there isn't a textbook, there isn't a set of notes. Even if I produced one — I've actually produced a few because Mozilla has asked me to for different professors — it wouldn't be satisfactory in an ongoing way, because the communities, the products, the priorities all shift. You aren't relevant unless you're right in there working on whatever it is the community is working on.
It's almost as if you need to be teaching your approach, rather than step one, step two, step three.
Yeah, you're right. That's a good way of putting it.
This is an example of a challenge. What are some other examples of challenges that you face in your work?
Most people don't put undergrads in this kind of a context. This would typically be done with graduates. That is challenging because lots of the students aren't ready to do it — in all different ways. I've had really good and really bad experiences putting students into a professional context.
Things have changed more now, too. The culture of tolerance around people making mistakes in social media, or in different things… Despite the rhetoric around students being digital natives and so on, my experience is that they're very sheltered on the web.
They've grown up in a particular area of it. They haven't necessarily experienced it in all of the ways that something like Mozilla would use it, or that community, or how diverse that community is. It can go really well when students get it. It can be really a challenge if they don't.
I'm not just teaching "Here's a programming skill you need." or "Here's how to use this Git command." That's relatively easy and well-documented. But what are the subtle ways that you participate in evolving something?
You have to be able to interpret cues — over the web, or over a bug report, or a few lines in a review, or an email — Why isn't this person responding to me? What does that mean? What's normal? How long it should take?
We take the students out of the playground, as it were, and put them into a bike lane. That's the analogy I often use. I try and set up a bike lane, so we're on the same road that Mozilla's on, but we're off to the side. We're going a bit slower. There's a bit of a barrier that's protecting us from traffic, but they're still out there with them, and good things can happen and bad things can happen.
Both things are happening at the same time.
What I hear you talking about is soft skills — interpersonal skills — which are super important as these kids go out into the workforce. How do you approach helping them get attuned to all of the cues? That's what seems like would be very difficult to convey. Is it just a lot of discussion?
I tend to use a lot of examples. I try and use examples that are happening right now. Inevitably there is an example of it going well, and going badly, on the web at any given moment. It doesn't have to be in a Mozilla context. It could be in any other open source project or any other part of the open web.
We'll look at it. I'll bring it up and say, "Here's what's happening today," and we discuss what's happening there, why it's happening. We look at the kinds of things that evolved to create that situation — or at least the visible pieces that led to it.
I think most teachers don't want to leave the safety of the classroom, or the safety of the curriculum, for that very reason. But, if you're willing to do it, the possibility for them to learn what you call "soft skills" — but the most important skills in my view — are just multiplied tremendously.
Something the size of Mozilla and all of the different people, and all of the different tensions and different things that are going on… I don't want to cast it as a negative thing, but it's like any other social soup. You have all sorts of this happening. I constantly have the perfect conditions to observe just about anything out in the wild with my students.
All of those sorts of things. There isn't a right answer to any of this, because if there was people would be doing it well. In Mozilla, in general, everybody is trying to make the best of it, and I'm trying to show them that it's real, that it exists, and that they can navigate it and participate within that system.
Turning now to the broadest issue in the Mozilla universe. What, for you, is the open internet?
I think that, for me, it's the fact that you don't have to have gone to the right school, you don't have to live in the right place, you don't have to have permission in order to be involved in this global community of people doing interesting work.
There was a time when the narrative was you're born in a small town, or you're born wherever, and you need to just get out of it. You need to go to New York, or you need to go to wherever. The open internet doesn't work like that.
I'm talking to you right now from the middle of nowhere in Ontario. In farm country. And that's fine. That's the power of the open internet — you can be anywhere and participate. But, more significantly, you can do it without needing permission.
All of the stuff that I do with Mozilla, I don't have permission to do most of it. I just walk in and do it because the door is open — and I have taken full advantage of that fact. I couldn't do that with many other companies.
I can't go and sit in on meetings at a bank and say "Don't worry. We'll just be at the back of the room here. Carry on as you were." That doesn't work, but it does work in the context of the web.
Can you tell me how this has been important for you, this openness?
It's meant that I myself can make changes. As I said to you — watching, shaping it, and that my students can also make changes. So it's possible for us to participate in something that would otherwise just look like a thing that you could be a fan of, but in this case you can be one of those people.
Getting more specific about Mozilla. How did you get involved with them and what has that been like?
I was working on a research project at Seneca and we needed to show off the capabilities of a piece of hardware. We needed some piece of software we could modify that would let this company demonstrate what it was doing in order to take its patents further. We decided to use a web browser, because a web browser is essentially every piece of software if we get that right.
We knew that Firefox was open source. We all used it. This was in 2004, but none of us knew what we were doing, or how you would ever accomplish what we wanted. I went to Mozilla's website — mozilla.org — and there was an email address — partners@mozilla.org — and it said "If you want to work with us email this email address." And so I did.
I had grant money. I thought I'll just hire Mozilla people to come for a day and educate us. They came and said, "You don't need to pay us. We'll help you because we think this work is interesting." I think that set the stage for how I've worked from then on. If you're doing interesting work people are definitely willing to work with you.
My involvement with the Mozilla Foundation came not too long after. At that time the foundation was one guy, maybe two. Mark Surman wasn't there yet, or Chris Lawrence, or any of those guys. They decided that they wanted to support me in my educational work. They liked that I was bringing new people in and producing this culture of education around contributing to Firefox.
This was before there was a lot of that in other open-source projects. Now a lot of people have recognized the value of having beginners, of educating people on how you would get started. It wasn't a very common thing then. We formed close connections. That's how I started working on projects both with the Corporation and the Foundation.
Since then I've done tonnes of stuff with Mark and lots of software projects within the Foundation when they didn't have the software team that they needed for building things.
How has this involvement affected your own life and work?
It's been my professional focus since then. I have taught and worked on this incessantly. I've been able to travel the world. I've been able to meet all sorts of interesting people. I've been able to get involved.
Most recently we won a Governor General's Award in Canada for the research work we did. We received national recognition from NSERC and the government. NSERC is the major funder of research for science and engineering in Canada. The federal government gives out grants to universities and colleges to work on science and technology through NSERC. So we've been able to get all sorts of grants through the government to work on these sorts of things as research.
It's really completely changed the course of what I was doing. It's been tremendously positive.
Can you tell me about a time where Mozilla didn't meet your expectations, or about experiences that were less than good?
I've had lots of those. I guess you would expect that in a relationship that this long.
One of the main goals of StoryEngine is to create a feedback loop, specifically for the Mozilla Foundation. I'm wondering if that helps you narrow it down. What are some directions you could suggest, or things that you've seen that could be better?
Well, I would say that there is a tension within Mozilla in general — and with the Foundation in particular — around doing things at scale versus doing things at the level of the individual. How should you both target your work and measure your work? Should you be affecting the lives of a million children on the web? Should you be running an after school program for six people? Those types of things.
The problem I've had is that the line moves all the time, even while you're deep within building a project. Suddenly, it needs to be an educational thing. No, it's not an educational thing, it needs to be for professionals. No, it's not for professionals, it needs to showcase something about the web. It's often really unclear. I don't know if it's an identity crisis or that's part of the identity — that it's a chameleon. I'm unsure.
That has been something that I've had to deal with a lot, and so it's meant changing priorities and pivots in terms of the kinds of things you're working on.
Yet Mozilla is also really well known for long term stability on building something like Firefox, which is the same code that's been going on for the longest time and it just gets better, and better, and better. That can be missing from the way that some of the stuff will happen around the Foundation.
I find that hard, because the cycles of how I work are typically a year or two years. It can often be hard for them to hold their attention on something for a year or two. Almost impossible, I find.
There needs to be something new, something exciting. We have to arrive with a new vision. That kind of desire for refreshing themselves makes it hard to do quality work over a long period of time. It's definitely hard to educate people, to bring people in. Those are some examples of things that I think are a challenge.
Do you think that these stories we're collecting might be useful to you, if at all?
I haven yet read any of the stories. But, going back to some of the challenges I was just talking about, for myself — and for Mozilla — to understand who their community really is, having those border lines drawn for them and being able to say, "OK, this is the space that we occupy," would be useful.
It would help understand who is actually there — the people that are actually there working hard within the space — as opposed to this ideal user, or community member, or story-boarding something — a person that doesn't really exist and that they're trying to acquire them somehow.
It would be useful to understand who else is like me out there. I'm definitely aware of some of it, but not aware of most of it because I'm focused on doing my own bit of what am working on.


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SAMUEL STRATTON, son of Jonathan D. and Prudence Stratton, was born in Wayne County, near Richmond, in 1833; he removed with his parents to Rush County, where he lived until 1848, when his father purchased a farm in Harrison Township, Howard County. Our subject received a limited education, and early evinced a love for mechanics. At sixteen, he became a millwright, and erected a small mill on the creek, and at seventeen he repaired the corn crackers and wheat mills at New London and Alto; he subsequently constructed the Stratton Mill on the Wild Cat, near West Middleton, and successfully operated this mill for fifteen years. For some years, he was senior partner of the Anderson Machine Works. In 1867, he was elected to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Kirkpatrick as County Commissioner, and was reelected to the same office in 1868. During his term, he superintended the building of the court house in Kokomo. and has always taken an active interest in public improvements. For several years, he has been a director on the Kokomo & New London gravel road, and is now one of the owners and operators of the West Middleton Flouring Mills. Mr. Stratton was married, April 10, 1852, to Sarah J. Hollingsworth; he was reared in the Friends' faith, but having married outside of the denomination, was disowned by them. Mrs. Stratton died, and in July, 1868, he married Esther A. Stratton. This marriage was blessed with two children, both deceased. Mr. Stratton has been a strong believer in Spiritualism for thirty years. He is a Republican, and his father before him was a strong anti slavery Friend.


text:
El Tepehuaje är en ort i Mexiko.   Den ligger i kommunen Tepalcingo och delstaten Morelos, i den sydöstra delen av landet,  km söder om huvudstaden Mexico City. El Tepehuaje ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt El Tepehuaje är kuperad. Den högsta punkten i närheten är  meter över havet,  km sydost om El Tepehuaje. Runt El Tepehuaje är det ganska tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Tepalcingo,  km öster om El Tepehuaje. I omgivningarna runt El Tepehuaje växer huvudsakligen savannskog.

Savannklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är april, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är september, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är juni, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är januari, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Orter i Morelos


text:
Broadway, Shane
Shane Broadway (1972–)
Shane Broadway was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1997 to 2002, serving as speaker of the House from 2001 to 2002. In addition, he was member of the Arkansas Senate from 2003 to 2010 and interim director of the Arkansas Department of Higher Education from 2011 to 2014. In 2014, Broadway was appointed vice president of governmental relations at Arkansas State University (ASU) in Jonesboro (Craighead County).
Shane Broadway was born at Saline Memorial Hospital in Benton (Saline County) on August 30, 1972, to Charles and Bertha Broadway of Bryant (Saline County). He is the youngest of six children. Broadway attended Bryant High School and was designated an American Legion Boys State Delegate in 1989. Broadway attended ASU from 1990 to 1994, earning a BA in political science, as well as receiving the R. E. Lee Wilson Award (the highest award given to a graduating senior) and the Distinguished Service Award. Broadway served on both the Dean's Council and Faculty Athletic Committee and as vice president of the ASU Student Government Association from 1992 to 1994.
In September 1995, Broadway proposed to Debbie Tableriou of North Little Rock (Pulaski County) on the White House lawn. They married in March 1996 at the Arkansas State Capitol; they have no children. Debbie Broadway worked for Congressmen Bill Alexander, Ray Thornton, and Vic Snyder as well as Attorney General Mark Pryor.
From 1996 to 1997, Broadway worked for the Commercial Mail Service of Little Rock (Pulaski County). He left that position to become director of client development and services for the Insight Communications Board of Bryant. He served in that capacity from 1997 to 2010. In 1996, Broadway was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives as a Democrat. In the House, Broadway focused on education, serving as a member of the House Education Committee and chairman of the Southern Legislative Conference Education Committee from 1997 to 2000. From 1999 to 2000, he served as chairman of the House Rules Committee. In 2001, Broadway was elected speaker of the House, becoming the youngest person in Arkansas history to hold the office. In 2002, Broadway was elected to the Arkansas Senate, where he continued to focus on education.
He served on the Senate Education Committee from 2003 to 2010 and the Higher Education Subcommittee from 2005 to 2010. In 2003, Broadway worked with the Department of Higher Education to create the Workforce Improvement Grant, which offers financial aid to students twenty-four years old and older without a baccalaureate degree. This was the nation's first scholarship for non-traditional students. In 2004, Broadway chaired the Southern Legislative Conference. Broadway served as co-coordinator of Economic Development for the Saline County Economic Development Corporation.
Broadway was lead sponsor of the state's first need-based scholarship, the Go Opportunities Grant in 2007. That same year, Governor Mike Beebe appointed Broadway to the Southern Regional Education Advisory Board. In 2009, Broadway coauthored legislation creating the Arkansas Academic Challenge Scholarship. In 2010, Broadway ran for lieutenant governor but was defeated by Mark Darr.
In January 2011, Broadway left the Senate to serve as deputy director of the Arkansas Department of Higher Education. Governor Beebe then nominated Broadway to be director of the Arkansas Department of Higher Education, but the state Republican Party objected, saying that Broadway lacked the qualifications required by law, and Broadway later withdrew himself from consideration. (Faced with similar criticism of Johnny Key, who was appointed by Governor Asa Hutchinson to lead the Arkansas Department of Education in 2015, state Republicans rewrote the statute in order to facilitate the nomination.) In February 2011, Governor Mike Beebe appointed Broadway to serve as interim director of the department, in which he played a key role on the governor's cabinet. He was made director in October 2013.
In December 2014, ASU president Dr. Charles L. Welch appointed Broadway to be the university's vice president for governmental relations. In 2021, Arkansas State University–Beebe instituted a public health scholarship named for Broadway.
"Senator Shane Broadway." Arkansas State Legislature. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2009/R/Pages/MemberProfile.aspx?member=Broadway (accessed October 13, 2017).
Sharp, Elizabeth. "Sen. Shane Broadway." Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, January 7, 2008. Online at http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2008/jan/07/sen-shane-broadway/ (accessed October 13, 2017).
Cody Lynn Berry
Benton, Arkansas
Divergent Prosperity and the Arc of Reform (1968–2022)
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"You put him away in the cabinet to mold, now he is back to seek his revenge on you and your kitchen!"
He has broken out and is attacking everything in site! The jar of Smuckers on your counter has had it, as he claims it's sweet jelly brains for his own and proudly displays them in his moldy hand!
Each 2" body is hand sculpted from vinyl clay and hand painted. The faces are printed on plastic to ensure the continuity of each figure and placed in a handmade, signed and numbered boxes.


text:
Q: как работает ввод аргументов в функцию? class Solution:
    def twoSum(self, nums, target):
        solList = []
        for i in range (0, len(nums)):
            for j in range (i+1, len(nums)):
                if nums[i]+nums[j] == target:
                    solList = solList.append(i)
                    solList = solList.append(j)
                    return solList

nums = [2, 7, 11, 15]
target = 9
Solution.twoSum(nums, target)

первая задачка с литкода
как передавать nums и target в функцию twoSum
помогите новичку

A: Измените немножко вашу программу:
class Solution:
    def twoSum(self, nums, target):
        solList = []
        for i in range (0, len(nums)):
            for j in range (i+1, len(nums)):
                if nums[i]+nums[j] == target:
                    solList.append(i)
                    solList.append(j)
                    return solList

nums = [2, 7, 11, 15]
target = 9
Solution().twoSum(nums, target)

и вы получите вывод

[0, 1]

(очевидно, индексы чисел 2 и 7 в списке nums).

Объяснение:

*

*Метод .append() возвращает None («ничто»), значит, первая из ваших команд
             solList = solList.append(i)
             solList = solList.append(j)

присвоит переменной solList значение None. Таким образом, в переменной solList уже не будет никакого списка, и вторая команда закончит программу ошибкой, потому что невозможно применить метод .append(j) к значению None.
Решение:
Метод .append() не возвращает новый список, он прямо меняет исходный:
             solList.append(i)
             solList.append(j)

*twoSum() это метод не для класса Solution, а метод для объектов этого класса.
Значит, он не применяется прямо к классу:
Solution.twoSum(nums, target)       # неправильно!

Нужно сначала создать объект этого класса, к чему достаточно добавить за его имя скобки, и затем применить метод на таким образом созданный объект:
Solution().twoSum(nums, target)


It is well established in American politics that women are more liberal than men (Kittilson 2016). What is less well known is that women also are more likely to drink lattes. Based on coffee-preference data collected by Zagats, lattes are the favorite drink among women at 22%, with regular coffee trailing closely behind at 19% (Brown 2015). The preferred drink among men is regular coffee at 30%, with espresso next best at 14% (Hernandez 2015). Thus, latte-drinking liberals may be a spurious function of women's preferences for lattes.
Why are men averse to lattes? According to qualitative inter- views conducted at Starbucks (Tourjee and Ettachfini 2017), men view lattes as "girly" drinks, ordered in hushed tones when ordered at all. This is clearest in the case of the politically-charged pumpkin spice latte, which is apparently "inexorably coded as feminine" (Tourjee and Ettachfini 2017). Indeed, some deem hating on pumpkin spice lattes to be a form of sexism that invalidates women's preferences relative to men's (Timpf 2015). Thus, those who describe lattes as frothy and insubstantial are implicitly indicting women as the same.
I knew it. Black coffee is just another marker of patriarchy.
A fourth possibility is that conservatives may be less likely to drink lattes as a function of their disdain for globalization. The difference between liberals and conservatives on this issue has come to the fore with Donald Trump's presidency, but the pattern dates back to at least the early twenty-first century. . . A burgeoning literature on "consumer ethnocentrism" suggests that high levels of nationalistic sentiment and opposition to trade promote consumer avoidance of foreign-sounding products (Shimp and Sharma 1987). "Latte" is an Italian word and, most importantly, it is clearly not American in terms of its linguistic roots. . .
Nationalism is higher among conservatives than liberals; therefore, America-centric purchasing behavior by conservatives may be responsible for an association between latte drinking and liberalness.
[N]ationalism does indeed negatively predict latte drinking. . . Why should liberals and conservatives differ systematically on hot beverage choices that have no apparent substantive relevance to political ideology? Our analyses suggest that attitudes toward foreign-sounding products are responsible for the fact that conservatives are less likely to drink lattes than liberals. Conservatives shun lattes because they sound foreign. Foreign-sounding produce has been a death knell for conservative support at least since Michael Dukakis suggested that farmers in the breadbasket of America cure their economic malaise by growing Belgian endive. . .
The term highlights the more positive attitude of liberals toward globalization. Drinking lattes thus should be interpreted as a statement about one's willingness to embrace open markets. Liberals are more likely to embrace the contributions of other countries to US culture and to favor international trade. . .
So while a conservative might feel smug and patriotic avoiding a latte in favor of regular coffee, drinking either product on the Starbucks menu contributes to the international coffee economy as well as to the US domestic economy. Furthermore, if one had to select a product that contributes more to the domestic economy, it would be the latte because of the added milk. The United States is the single largest producer of cow's milk in the world (Agricultural Marketing Resource Center 2012); therefore, by purchasing lattes, liberals are going the extra yard for the domestic economy.
Yeah, and all those flatulent cows are contributing to global warming, too. Another example of liberal hypocrisy at work. Ban lattes now. Save the planet.
Take it away, Ammo Grrrll.
UPDATE: I forgot this chart from the article.


text:
/*
 * ----------------------------------------
 *          Jenkins Test Tracker
 * ----------------------------------------
 *          Produced by Dan Grew
 *                 2016
 * ----------------------------------------
 */
package uk.dangrew.jtt.desktop.buildwall.configuration.persistence.dualwall;

import javafx.geometry.Orientation;
import uk.dangrew.jtt.desktop.buildwall.configuration.properties.DualWallConfiguration;
import uk.dangrew.jupa.json.parse.JsonParser;
import uk.dangrew.jupa.json.parse.handle.type.DoubleParseHandle;
import uk.dangrew.jupa.json.parse.handle.type.EnumParseHandle;
import uk.dangrew.jupa.json.structure.JsonStructure;
import uk.dangrew.jupa.json.write.handle.key.JsonValueWriteHandler;
import uk.dangrew.jupa.json.write.handle.type.JsonWriteHandleImpl;

/**
 * The {@link DualWallConfigurationPersistence} provides the {@link DualWallConfiguration}
 * {@link JsonParser}s and {@link JsonStructure} for persisting the configuration.
 */
class DualWallConfigurationPersistence {

   static final String DUAL_BUILD_WALL = "DualWall";

   static final String DIVIDER = "Divider";
   static final String DIVIDER_POSITION = "Positon";
   static final String DIVIDER_ORIENTATION = "Orientation";

   private final JsonStructure structure;
   private final JsonParser parserWithReadHandles;
   private final DualWallConfigurationModel parseModel;
   private final JsonParser parserWithWriteHandles;
   private final DualWallConfigurationModel writeModel;

   /**
    * Constructs a new {@link DualWallConfigurationPersistence}.
    * @param configuration the {@link DualWallConfiguration} to persist.
    */
   DualWallConfigurationPersistence( DualWallConfiguration configuration ) {
      this( new DualWallConfigurationModel( configuration ), new DualWallConfigurationModel( configuration ) );
   }//End Constructor

   /**
    * Constructs a new {@link DualWallConfigurationPersistence}.
    * @param parseModel the {@link DualWallConfigurationModel} to use for parsing in to.
    * @param writeModel the {@link DualWallConfiguration} to use for writing from.
    */
   DualWallConfigurationPersistence( DualWallConfigurationModel parseModel, DualWallConfigurationModel writeModel ) {
      this.structure = new JsonStructure();
      this.parseModel = parseModel;
      this.parserWithReadHandles = new JsonParser();
      this.writeModel = writeModel;
      this.parserWithWriteHandles = new JsonParser();

      constructStructure();
      constructReadHandles();
      constructuWriteHandles();
   }//End Constructor

   /**
    * Method to construct the {@link JsonStructure} for the {@link DualWallConfiguration}.
    */
   private void constructStructure(){
      structure.child( DUAL_BUILD_WALL, structure.root() );

      structure.child( DIVIDER, DUAL_BUILD_WALL );
      structure.child( DIVIDER_POSITION, DIVIDER );
      structure.child( DIVIDER_ORIENTATION, DIVIDER );
   }//End Method

   /**
    * Method to construct the {@link JsonParser} for reading.
    */
   private void constructReadHandles(){
      parserWithReadHandles.when( DIVIDER_POSITION, new DoubleParseHandle( parseModel::setDividerPosition ) );
      parserWithReadHandles.when(
               DIVIDER_ORIENTATION,
               new EnumParseHandle<>( Orientation.class, parseModel::setDividerOrientation )
      );
   }//End Method

   /**
    * Method to construct the {@link JsonParser} for writing.
    */
   private void constructuWriteHandles(){
      parserWithWriteHandles.when( DIVIDER_POSITION, new JsonWriteHandleImpl( new JsonValueWriteHandler( writeModel::getDividerPosition ) ) );
      parserWithWriteHandles.when( DIVIDER_ORIENTATION, new JsonWriteHandleImpl( new JsonValueWriteHandler( writeModel::getDividerOrientation ) ) );
   }//End Method

   JsonStructure structure(){
      return structure;
   }//End Method

   JsonParser readHandles(){
      return parserWithReadHandles;
   }//End Method

   JsonParser writeHandles(){
      return parserWithWriteHandles;
   }//End Method
}//End Class