text:
The Importance of Integrated Air and Missile Defence Training
A Renaissance of NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence?
By Lieutenant Colonel G. W. 'Berry' Pronk, NE AF, JAPCC
In January 1991, the Netherlands deployed two PATRIOT squadrons under Article 4 of the NATO agreement to South-East Turkey in support of operation 'Desert Shield'. Not long afterwards a third PATRIOT Squadron was sent to Israel, in support of their air defence against Iraqi ballistic missiles. Not more than five days after the initial alert and within 20 hours after take-off of the first wave of mission-essential material and personnel, the first system reported 'At battle stations', having relocated 3863 kilometres from their initial readiness positions in West-Germany to sites near the Iraqi border.
The entire operation, from the first alert all the way to redeployment three months later, was only possible because the troops had an excellent level of training and equipment, which was ready for battle. Looking at NATO's current capability and the average preparedness level of the Alliance, it appears that we are far removed from that early nineties level-of-readiness. With a focus on Ballistic Missile Defence, we have been neglecting the art of traditional air defence for Ground Based Air Defence (GBAD) units as well as the Air Command and Control (C2) nodes.
NATOs Integrated Air and Missile Defence
NATO's defence of Western Europe during the Cold War was structured into areas of responsibility, where the ground forces were responsible for their respective Corps areas and the tactical air defence forces protected the area above them (see figure on page 80). To be able to counter a surprise Soviet (air) attack, air defence forces were at a state of high readiness, 24/7.1
The NATO integrated air defence consisted of multiple layers of different Surface to Air Missile (SAM) systems, combined with air defence fighter aircraft, each in their own designated areas. Coordination took place through very precise procedures, guarded and executed by dedicated Air C2 nodes.
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After the Cold War, the C2 nodes of NATO's Integrated Air Defence System (NATINADS) were rapidly dismantled. National C2 nodes shrank to the minimum needed for peacetime operations and NATO kept on reducing its C2 entities until 2011. At this point, an absolute minimum of C2 entities were kept operational to manage the peacetime mission. For NATO's Air Command (AIRCOM), this meant that from an original nine Combined Air Operation Centres, only two had survived in the entire NATO area and the subordinate C2 nodes were national assets, not necessarily commanded by NATO. It would not be right to just blame NATO, but as NATO mainly provides the C2 backbone and it is the countries that provide the forces, all of the member states just reduced defence budgets and with that their forces. This was a trend that did not break until 2014.2 In general, the European militaries in NATO shrunk from fully capable armed forces, able to counter an all-out threat to Europe (Article 5 scenario), to small independent armed forces providing units only to fulfil a NATO request for troops to support a confined 'out of area' operation. In fact, this became NATO policy. Although regularly discussed within military circles, this remained the policy until the Warsaw Summit in 2016.3
Along with these large cuts in C2 nodes, NATO practically doubled its European territory towards the east with the incorporation of new member states joining NATO. In these former Warsaw-Pact countries, first priority for investment and improvements in the area of defence was not the expensive high-tech air defence systems that were commonplace in the west. The resources that were available originated from former Soviet stocks and were in no way technically compatible with the 'western' equipment used by the 'older' NATO members4. The big exceptions in real NATO capability, are investments in NATO's Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) and the Air Ground Surveillance (AGS) project. For BMD it is worth noting that this is focused on a specific threat from the Middle East region, dealing solely with ballistic missiles with a certain range, threatening NATO's European territory. Although BMD is a part of NATO Integrated Air & Missile Defence (IAMD), it is not only an important addition to the capability, but it also brings extra complexity to the air battle and therefore requires integration into NATO's IAMD training protocols. There were other investments within NATO, but none that expanded existing fighting capabilities and were mainly limited to the replacement of obsolete systems.
It was not until the United States, in 2018, rather explicitly made it clear to their NATO allies that there had to be a better 'burden-sharing' (as already pronounced during the 2014 Wales summit)5 before NATO allies started to react, albeit step-by-step. Currently, it is challenging for NATO to perform IAMD within its 'newly' (since 1991) obtained territory. The nations of the Alliance still uphold their surveillance and tracking responsibilities though, which together with the AWACS (and the upcoming AGS) is enough to provide full airspace surveillance capability for its area of responsibility. The full system of IAMD not only lacks a C2 capability and air defence resources, but the interoperability challenges NATO faces between these scarcely available resources are quite challenging. It is therefore very important to keep or bring these scarce resources (low quantity) to a high level of readiness and training (high quality), to at least enable maximum efficiency.
New Threats to NATO and Other Wake-up Calls
One of the first omens indicating change was the conflict in South Ossetia in 2008. Torn between a Russian history and a hope for a more western future, a civil conflict offered Russia the opportunity to show that the days when it could be ignored were over. Russia displayed its high-tech weaponry and demonstrated that it was well capable of modern warfare in the air, on the ground, and within the electromagnetic spectrum. Russia was no longer to be kept out of the geopolitical equation. Experts stated that a freeze of the situation at the end of 2008 was the best outcome which could be achieved by the West.6
In Ukraine during 2013, internal differences of opinion over whether to take a western/European course for the country's future or to remain loyal to the old supporter, Russia, led to a political dilemma. This dilemma led to a conflict in which people in eastern Ukraine (east of the Dnipro River) and the Crimea (the vast majority of people living there are ethnic Russians) stated a preference for Russian governance. On 7 April, Eastern Ukraine declared itself 'The Donetsk People's Republic'. Russia in the meantime played its role as a world power, by placing large troop concentrations close to the Ukraine's borders. During the summer of 2014, a short civil-war for Eastern Ukraine was fought, where Russian military knowledge and power allegedly stopped the Ukrainian offensive and secured the Donetsk People's Republic. Again, Russia showed it was back in the game.
In the above-mentioned situations in the European region, but more recently in the Syrian theatre, Russia has also demonstrated its twenty-first century, updated-military power by fully integrating joint operations, high-tech weaponry and superb coordination with hybrid warfare tactics. This reinforced Russia as a player on the world stage, which has to be taken into account.
With an underlying terrorist threat, the revival of Russia as a world power, the influence of rapid technological developments in general and an apparent growing instability worldwide, NATO's security situation has dramatically changed. For air defence specifically, the rapid proliferation of missile technology, (near) future hypersonic threats like upcoming cruise- and glide-vehicles as well as (swarming) drones only adds extra challenges that will require an adequate air defence to answer as well.
In order to cope with the changing situation, NATO needs to adapt. Air defence is a complex technological and procedural part of our defence. Incidents like the downing of Flight MH-17 in Ukraine and UIA Flight 752 in Iran7 showed what can happen when air defence forces are not properly controlled or trained. Air defence is often the first line of defence in a conflict and thus will require high-training standard and readiness.
NATO's Training Philosophy and the Tactical Evaluation Programme (TACEVAL)
A brief look at NATO's exercise philosophy includes exercises conducted in three forms: a Live Exercise (LIVEX), Command Post Exercise (CPX), or an Exercise Study. A LIVEX is an exercise in which actual forces participate. A CPX is a headquarters exercise involving commanders and their staffs, and communications within and between participating headquarters, in which NATO as well as opposing forces are simulated. An Exercise Study is an activity which may take the form of a map exercise, a war game, a series of lectures, a discussion group, or an operational analysis. NATO's exercise programme planning covers a period of six years, with detailed programming for the first two calendar years, and outline programming for the following four calendar years.8,9
NATO's focus in the last twenty-five years has not been on large scale conflict, the traditional Article 5 Collective Defence scenarios, but rather on Smaller Joint Operations (SJOs) at the edges of NATO territory or 'non-article 5 Crisis Response' exercises. In general, the assumption was that the adversary would have some military potential, but would always be at a lower level than NATO's capabilities. It is only in the last few years that NATO has started to look at how it would operate in a so-called 'near-peer' scenario and how to operate against an adversary with a similar capability. Exercise Trident Juncture 2017 (Joint Force Command level) clearly demonstrated the challenges accompanying such scenarios. One thing to consider in these scenarios is that numbers do matter, since attrition plays an important part in the campaign outcome. NATO does not seem used to such conflicts anymore, after a time when we could choose the option of 'low-risk' scenarios. A near-peer scenario will not offer that option.
Air Power in Exercises
Air defence is an essential part of 'Air Power'. Air Power in NATO is managed by NATO AIRCOM. IAMD, however, is a joint operation, and so includes assets of the Land and Maritime Command as well. IAMD in joint operations requires solid planning in advance, backed up by well-developed Doctrine, Tactics, Techniques and Procedures. In addition, coordination during the execution of air (defence) operations is absolutely essential. It is obvious that this level of planning and coordination requires solid training.
NATO AIRCOM has a very busy exercise schedule. Looking closely, it reveals multiple smaller exercises that comprise either smaller tactical units or small geographical areas. The exception is the exercise series Ramstein Ambition10, whose objective is to train the AIRCOM 'war-staff' on the Joint Force Air Component (JFAC) procedures. This NATO Command Structure JFAC is not a standing NATO organization. It comprises a 'backbone' that works its peacetime duties at AIRCOM, but which is dependent on a substantial amount of additional support from throughout the NATO Command Structure, as well as from NATO countries to man and augment the headquarters. As a matter of fact, the majority of possible JFAC's in NATO are national assets. In essence, NATO AIR has one AIR Command and Control (Air C2) exercise per year. It is clear that the complex art of IAMD performed by a composite JFAC requires more solid training.
Exercises are not limited to NATO initiatives. There are a number of NATO nations that provide outstanding training possibilities in the domain of IAMD. Next to the NATO AIR exercises, NATO C2 entities support or play an important role in (multi-) national exercises of member states. Therefore, for NATO training, access to NATO exercises and Allied (bi- multi-) National Exercises is available. At this moment SHAPE and AIRCOM are showing an increased interest in these exercises as a vehicle for their training objectives.
As mentioned above, NATO Exercise Ramstein Ambition is an excellent venue for JFAC training, however the subordinate unit levels are not involved, although there are a number of national exercises where that level is trained and triggered. The most well-known of these are without a doubt the Netherlands-German initiative Joint Project Optic Windmill11,12 and the Eastern Europe originated SBAD exercise 'Tobruk Legacy'13. Both exercises, for all their success, are highly dependent on NATO (AIRCOM) support to create a realistic environment.
The TACEVAL Programme
For IAMD units Combat Enhancement Training or Force Integration Training is hardly an option as they will be part of a first line of defence in any conflict. IAMD units need to be prepared and an audit (Tactical Evaluation), announced or not, would be an outstanding verification tool for NATO Commanders.
During the cold war, in order to keep its air defence forces at a high standard, NATO (in 1960) developed the Tactical Evaluation (TACEVAL) system. A standing NATO evaluation team, together with experienced allied subject matter experts, regularly checked the readiness, resources and training standards of NATO's units. Next to air defence capabilities, this evaluation also included Force Protection (Survival-To-Operate) and Logistical Support. The Air troops consisted of: Air Command and Control units (Air Surveillance and Control System); flying units (NATO commanded airfields on the West-European continent); and all Ground Based Air Defence Units in the SAM belt.14 After the Cold War, as NATO decreased its NATINADS, the TACEVAL branch shrank as well. However, TACEVAL maintained a minimum capability within AIRCOM. Although mandatory for all forces offered to NATO, not all of these forces are currently NATO-qualified or are undertaking this evaluation. The strength of a TACEVAL team is that it serves as an audit team for SACEUR. It provides a substantiated finding of the state of NATO's tactical air forces, or at least those elements that were offered for evaluation. The days when all NATO command forces could receive an unannounced readiness evaluation and were subject to a yearly tactical evaluation are in the past. This would require a significant expansion of the TACEVAL branch and a mandatory TACEVAL for all forces offered to NATO AIRCOM. Nevertheless, since the certification of the troops offered to NATO is a national responsibility, NATO requires an audit team to verify the status of these troops. The NATO TACEVAL system was created for that verification and with some investment could easily serve as NATO's audit team. An audit team is an essential part of quality control within any organization.
With the significant reduction of forces after the fall of the iron curtain, both NATO and the individual NATO member countries (perhaps spoiled by air superiority in the last thirty years), seemed to have lost focus on the importance IAMD brings to the Defensive Counter Air role. With NATO's AOR having grown significantly in the years since the Cold War, air defence has become much more important and the focus on its sustainability and standards, particularly regarding IAMD, have been challenged by lack of investment and training opportunities.
Recent events in Eastern Europe and Syria have forced the consideration of another approach for NATO military capabilities.
NATO has training events and capabilities in order to keep its air forces at the NATO standard for all of the out-of-area operations that have taken place in the last three decades. However, in a near-peer scenario, numbers will count for more since attrition in these scenarios is considered normal practise. Since numbers will count again and due to the low number of NATO forces, the quality of our forces will have to make up the difference.
Air defence is a complex technological and procedural part of our defence. A successful execution of the IAMD mission depends heavily on interoperability, connectivity, and a shared common understanding of doctrine, concepts of operation, tactics, techniques and procedures. A complex mission such as IAMD requires extensive training of all entities involved, from the strategic level down to the tactical level. The training will need to be fully integrated, as the battle will be integrated.
For the NATO commanders to watch over the training status of NATO air defence units, a recurring NATO audit is necessary. This also puts more emphasis on each member nation's own responsibility to provide NATO with well-trained units. The TACEVAL system has been proven as a great tool to verify this.
Proposals and Recommendations
Although the NATO training calendar seems adequately populated, there is a significant need for more joint and integrated air defence training. NATO should reinstate its large scale Joint Force exercises to train Headquarters and unit interactions. In between these Joint Force exercises, Air Command should perform an annual exercise in which the Land and Maritime (SBAD) forces are integrated, since the air and missile defence battle is by definition a joint battle. These annual exercises do not necessarily have to incorporate large troop formations as in a LIVEX (like Joint Force exercises), but they should not be limited to CPX only. A hybrid form where operational level decision-makers are challenged by the execution of their plans by the war-fighters at the tactical unit level, and vice versa, would work well. National initiatives can play an important role in NATO's AIR training. Exercises like Joint Project Optic Windmill and Tobruk Legacy, but only with the robust (fit to the scenario) participation of the NATO Command Structure, could be a solid basis for IAMD training.
NATO could make use of its proven, 'old-school' training capabilities through adaptions to current requirements. The backbone of IAMD is still present in the NATO Command Structure. It will require funding and manpower and will certainly require some time, but NATO is ready for a renaissance of its integrated air defence system.
1. Blazing Skies, Col R. Nederlof, 2002.
2. NATO Wales Summit Declaration, Sep. 2014.
3. NATO Warsaw Summit Declaration, Jul. 2016.
4. NIAG SG 220 Study on GBAD operations in the 21st century.
5. Ibid. 2.
6. https://www.nemokennislink.nl/publicaties/zuid-ossetie-wordt-wereldnieuws/
7. JDW 29 Jan. 2020.
8. SACEUR Annual Guidance for Education and Training.
9. https://shape.nato.int/exercises
10. https://shape.nato.int/news-archive/2017/exercise-ramstein-ambition-underway-at-allied-air-command
11. https://www.facebook.com/JPOW2019/
12. https://www.japcc.org/joint-project-optic-windmill/
13. https://www.defence24.com/nato-holds-a-major-air-defence-exercise-in-poland-tobruq-legacy-19
14. During the cold the SAM-belt was an important part of NATO's high alert DCA capability (figure on p. 80).
Lieutenant Colonel G. W. 'Berry' Pronk
has served for nearly 40 years in the Dutch armed forces. He served in various national Command and training positions in the realm of Ground Based Air Defence as well as staff positions at the Royal Netherlands Air Force Command and The Royal Netherlands Army Command. Internationally he served at the former HQ Extended Air Defence Task Force (with US Army and German Airforce) and at the German Air Force Forces Command, as well as Section Chief Air Operations at J3, NATO SHAPE. Currently the author holds the position as Subject Matter Expert for Surface Based Air and Missile Defence at the Joint Air Power Competence Centre in Kalkar, Germany.
JAPCC Journal 30
The article displayed has been published as part of the JAPCC Journal Issue 30. You can download the full Journal by clicking the image below.
Vigilance Must Endure
The Luftwaffe in Multi-Domain Operations
Alliance Ground Surveillance Force
The Case of PEGASUS
State's Right to Self-Defence in Outer Space
Arctic Space Challenge for NATO Emerging from China's Economic and Financial Assertiveness
Using the Space Domain
Air-Land Integration – NATO's Strategic Joint Challenge
The New Aircraft Cross-Servicing Programme of NATO
Hybrid/Electric Aero-Propulsion
The Future of Air Power and the Future of European Defence Industry
Cyber-Electromagnetic Domain
NATO SEAD Course


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All data collected by end user via mobile devices, web-forms, spreadsheets or upload API submissions are recorded in AssetTrack's database. This is helpful in monitoring user's compliance with process, as well as for using enqueue data as a comparison source for audit functions. AssetTrack provides access to this historical data via SQL Server views which can be accessed by any SQL-capable tool, including Excel. See Reporting on User Activity for more information.
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text:
is a Japanese anime television series which first aired from February 3, 1979, to January 26, 1980, on every Saturday from 6:30 pm to 7:00 pm with a total of 52 episodes. It is the third show in the sequence of "Time Bokan Series" produced by Tatsunoko Productions. It was preceded by Yatterman and succeeded by Rescueman.

Plot
Dr. Monja is a scientist, who is curious about the nature of the legendary "Elixir of Life" which grants the user eternal lifetimes and forever youth. He built a device called the "Time Tunnel" in order to let a team of youngsters to start a quest down the timeline and various spaces to find an exact answer. The Akudama Trio, however, is also seemingly after exactly the same thing. Who will get it first?

Cast

Heroes
: (Voiced by Yūji Mitsuya) The lab assistant of Dr Monja aged 13. Like his counterpart Tanpei in the show Time Bokan, he is sporty and quite capable at mechanics.
: (Voiced by Kumiko Takizawa)
: (Voiced by Yōko Asagami→ Ai Sakuma)
: (Voiced by Kouhei Miyauchi)

Villains
: (Voiced by Noriko Ohara)
: (Voiced by Jouji Yanami)
: (Voiced by Kazuya Tatekabe)
: (Voiced by Masaru Ikeda)
: (Voiced by Yoshito Miyamura)

Other characters
Narrator: Kei Tomiyama

Episodes

References

External links

1979 anime television series debuts
Fuji TV original programming
Science fiction anime and manga
Tatsunoko Production
Time Bokan Series
Japanese time travel television series

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Last Call At Midnight Could Prove Fatal!
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https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/twelve-to-murder-lauren-carr/1118622189?ean=9780989180467
The vendors listed on this website are only some of the many booksellers who carry Lauren Carr's mysteries. If your bookseller is not listed, contact and ask them to order her titles.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Economic Security, Social Cohesion, and Depression Disparities in Post-transition Societies: A Comparison of Older Adults in China and Russia
Although both China and Russia have experienced several decades of market reform, initial evidence suggests that this structural change has compromised mental and physical health among the Russian population but not the Chinese population. Using data from the World Health Organization Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (2007–2010), this study examines the factors associated with the disparity in depression between older adults in China and their Russian counterparts, all of whom experienced market transition in the prime of their lives (N = 10,896).
Does Social Participation Predict Better Health? A Longitudinal Study in Rural Malawi
Research on the relationship between social capital and individual health often suffers from important limitations. Most research relies on cross-sectional data, which precludes identifying whether participation predicts health and/or vice versa. Some important conceptualizations of social capital, like social participation, have seldom been examined. Little is known about participation and health in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, both physical and mental health have seldom been tested together, and variation by age has rarely been examined.
Marital Status, Relationship Distress, and Self-rated Health: What Role for "Sleep Problems"?
This paper analyzes data from a nationally representative survey of adults in the United Kingdom (Understanding Society, N = 37,253) to explore the marital status/health nexus (using categories that include a measure of relationship distress) and to assess the role that sleep problems play as a potential mediator. Findings indicate how it is not just the "form" marital status takes but also the absence or presence of relationship distress that is essential to self-rated health.
Marriage, Relationship Quality, and Sleep among U.S. Older Adults
Sleep is a restorative behavior essential for health. Poor sleep has been linked to adverse health outcomes among older adults; however, we know little about the social processes that affect sleep. Using innovative actigraphy data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 727), we considered the role of marriage, positive marital relationship support, and negative marital relationship strain on older adults' (ages 62–90) self-reported and actigraph-measured sleep characteristics.
Longitudinal Associations among Discordant Sexual Orientation Dimensions and Hazardous Drinking in a Cohort of Sexual Minority Women
We examined differences between sexual minority women's (SMW's) sexual identity and sexual behavior or sexual attraction as potential contributors to hazardous drinking across a 10-year period. Data are from a longitudinal study examining drinking and drinking-related problems in a diverse, community-based sample of self-identified SMW (Wave 1: n = 447; Wave 2: n = 384; Wave 3: n = 354). Longitudinal cross-lagged models showed that SMW who report higher levels of identity-behavior or identity-attraction discordance may be at greater risk of concurrent and subsequent hazardous drinking.
Cumulative Inequality in Child Health and Academic Achievement
Our understanding of health and social stratification can be enriched by testing tenets of cumulative inequality theory that emphasize how the accumulation of inequality is dependent on the developmental stage being considered, the duration and stability of poor health, and the family resources available to children.
The Dynamics of Neighborhood Structural Conditions: The Effects of Concentrated Disadvantage on Homicide over Time and Space
Several recent spatial analyses conclude the strong positive association typically found between neighborhood concentrated disadvantage and crime in cross-sectional studies significantly differs across neighborhoods. It is possible this spatial variation is due to within-neighborhood dynamics of continuity and change, as suggested by ecological theories of neighborhood crime.
Justice Standard Determines Emotional Responses to Over-Reward
How do people feel when they benefit from an unfair reward distribution? Equity theory predicts negative emotion in response to over-reward, but sociological research using referential standards of justice drawn from status-value theory repeatedly finds positive emotional responses to over-reward.
Who Are the People in Your Neighborhood? Neighborhood Age Composition and Age Discrimination
Age discrimination is pervasive in the United States, yet little is known about the social contexts in which it occurs. Older persons spend much of their time in their neighborhoods, where a density of other older persons may protect against age discrimination. Extending group density theory to age, we analyze data from 1,561 older adults from the second wave of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States, using neighborhood-level data from the 2010 U.S. census.
Sharing the Emotional Load: Recipient Affiliation Calms Down the Storyteller
In conversational storytelling, the recipients are expected to show affiliation with the emotional stance displayed by the storytellers. We investigated emotional arousal-related autonomic nervous system responses in tellers and recipients of conversational stories. The data consist of 20 recordings of 45- to 60-minute dyadic conversations between female university and polytechnic students. Conversations were videotaped and analyzed by means of conversation analysis (CA), with a special emphasis on the verbal and nonverbal displays of affiliation in storytelling.
(-) Remove Criminal Justice filter Criminal Justice
(-) Remove Emotions filter Emotions


The next coming release of realKNX introduces a new feature which is really interesting if you want to add some logic to your KNX installation.
as you're coming home, you may want to turn on some lights, but only if sunset is within an hour.
You may want to receive a notification if you're out and forgot some lights on.
Then you would want to turn off all lights – remotely.
Programming tasks like this usually requires some programming skills. Instead of using a scripting language for this, we've chosen a visual programming tool that doesn't require any programming skills! This excellent tool is called Node-RED and is a flow-based programming tool, original developed by IBM's Emerging Technology and now a part of the JS Foundation.
Your realKNX objects will be available as visual nodes in the Node-RED visual editor (e.g. drag & drop a 'realKNX-in' node that listens to all changes of a particular KNX object). This feature is backwards compatible with the current realKNX v2.2, you can upgrade for free when it is released. Expected release date Oct. 2017.
Finally, the realKNX Node-RED software runs on your realKNX home server in your home, i.e. it doesn't run 'in the cloud' and there are no subscription fees.


We appreciate your interest in learning more about Vernonville Asset Management and our diverse selections of private funds.
Please feel free to contact us with any questions or to request more information on upcoming investment options.
All investment options through VAM are exclusively reserved for sophisticated investors and suitability standards may apply.


Metro 2033 - The atmospheric first-person shooter, created based on the bestseller Dmitry Glukhovski. Game "Metro 2033", which the unfolding events in the devastated post-apocalyptic Moscow subway - is a dismal story of survival of the hardest, where the fate of humanity is in your hands. You - Artem, ordinary Muscovite, born before the world of the apocalypse, but grew up in the ground. Never before had he not leave the limits of their own, have become home to him the subway station, but fate decided differently. Now he has to fulfill the mission of his life: to get into the center of Moscow Metro, and warn the remnants of human society of the impending danger, or die in transit and to condemn the survivors to certain death.
"Metro 2033 - is a breathtaking atmospheric first-person shooter, wrapped in a shell-art graphics. Feel devastated post-nuclear Moscow!
"Witness the daily horror that is experiencing a society, living underground in constant fear.
"Take heart, and become researchers network of underground tunnels, which spread throughout the city. There in the darkness you are the prey of mutants, but not vice versa. Become a hunter or a victim.
"Explore the radiation-ravaged city. From the infected world and mutated creatures, awaiting you outside, save only a mask and a faithful rifle.
"Give your psyche in order and prepare to meet with all the horrors of post-nuclear world of the universe" Metro 2033 ".


Select Corporate Housing offers all-inclusive and fully-furnished short-term apartments in luxury apartment communities throughout the Southeast & nationwide. Our all-inclusive furnished apartments are filled with practical conveniences to make you feel right at home whether yours is a short-term or longer stay. Select's serviced accommodations offer a wide range of social and recreational amenities to enjoy, and our relocation specialists are here to make your corporate housing experience comfortable and pleasant. Renting through Select, you'll pay only one monthly bill that covers all of your housing expenses - simply bring your suitcase and relax.
Choose Convenience with Select Corporate Housing!


also send a photo to you in your respond to my mail.
This Email with the Subject "ho" was received in one of Scamdex's honeypot email accounts on Fri, 13 May 2011 16:34:37 -0700 and has been classified as a Employment/Job Scam Email. The sender shows as "kate joe" <kate.joe2011@yahoo.com>, although that address was probably spoofed. We recommend that you do not attempt to contact any persons or organizations referenced in this email, as you may expose yourself to scammers and, at the very least, you will be added to their email address lists for spam purposes.


Uniworld Boutique River Cruise Collection offers an unparallel vacation experience at all sensory levels. River cruises include: an elegantly appointed riverview stateroom, all meals and entertainment onboard, fully hosted shore excursions, and all transfers on arrival and departure days. Uniworld offers over 40 expertly planned itineraries throughout Europe, Russia, China, Egypt, Vietnam & Cambodia.
What makes Uniworld very different from other cruise lines is the unique partnership it has with it's sister company, the Red Carnation Hotels, an award-winning collection of family-run, world-class hotels renowned for its expertise in operating luxury 5-star boutique hotels.
Combining the same professional expertise with decades of outstanding nautical experience sets Uniworld apart. The synergy shared between the two companies has resulted in unparalleled levels of quality in service and stylish luxury, offering the very finest river cruise experience available for our discerning guests.
In recent years, the renowned Red Carnation Hotels' design team has personally overseen every detail of the ships, to create stunning, welcoming interiors, as remarkable as the sights you'll see on your travels with Uniworld. Every aspect of the décor, original artwork, amenities, and thoughtful details is carefully chosen, with much thought and care for their guests' comfort and needs.
While each Uniworld ship has its own individual style and personality, all of the ships share the same common threads of distinction, elegance and, most of all, warm and caring service of which provides guests with a uniquely satisfying vacation.
Uniworld, together with Red Carnation Hotels, has totally redefined a new level of river cruising. They call it boutique cruising and they are the only cruise company that offers this experience.


New research published by Amárach in conjunction with AA Hospitality Services reveals a great deal about Irish people's propensity to tip in restaurants, pubs, hairdressers and taxis.
In the two months leading up to the poll, which sampled 1,000 people throughout the country, the average tip awarded to restaurant waiting staff was €5.97. That was also the highest amount awarded to the service providers listed – followed by €4.14 to bar staff, €3.78 to hairdressers/beauticians, €2.99 to takeaway delivery staff and €2.95 to taxi drivers.
43% of those who left a tip following a meal said the amount depended on the service received.
However, accommodation staff are still more likely to receive a tip from American guests.
"It's fairly common practice for [Irish guests] to leave the last of their euros on the bedside locker before heading for the airport," the spokesperson said.
When it comes to tipping bar staff, takeaway delivery staff and taxi drivers, the research reveals the "done thing" is to simply allow them to keep the change. A different practice again exists for hairdressers and beauticians. 41% said they tip the same amount every time they visit the salon.
Different age groups also behave differently with their tips.
Under 25s are the biggest tippers at the pub, for instance… tipping €6.67 on average. The figure is almost 2.5 times more than the average tip given by the over 55s.
The over 55s, however, are more generous when it comes to dining out.
NB. Photo above from Platform Pizza Bar in Bray, Co. Wicklow.


SPOKANE, Wash. — Business Administration major, Becca Collins '19 shares her experience as a Marketing and Promotions Intern with the Spokane Indians Baseball Club.
What were the duties of your internship?
As a marketing and promotions intern with the Spokane Indians, I was responsible for helping to facilitate several different season-long and in-game promotions with sponsors like UPS, Taco Bell, and Toyota. This often came in the form of aiding in the operational setup of sponsorship events, organizing on-field promotional games and activities, and communicating with and contacting customers to ensure that the required sponsorship contracts had been adequately fulfilled.
How did your education prepare you for your internship?
My Gonzaga business education adequately prepared me to be a successful marketing and promotions intern for the Spokane Indians Baseball Club because it provided me with quality communication skills and a basic understanding of a lot of marketing concepts that I utilized in my job. A large portion of my job requires me to communicate with customers, coworkers, and supervisors. Because of my GU business education, I can adequately articulate with others, and I understand the importance of marketing when I am setting up promotional events and activities.
How has your internship set you up for future success?
My internship with the Spokane Indians reinforced for me that I want to continue pursuing a career in the sports industry and it provided me with the necessary experiences to see what this career would be like. There is nothing more gratifying than going to work at a place where others find entertainment and going through the necessary motions to ensure that customers have an enjoyable time. Getting the opportunity to learn and embrace the Spokane Indians' style of customer service has shifted how I will think about all future customer interactions.


Fixed to close purchase dialog with back button properly.
Added missing enemies death sound.
– Now you can play the game in 9 languages including: English, Spanish, French, Russian, German, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese and Korean.


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Yahama footballers finish training
Yahama footballers completed a successfull training camp on Saturday in Ha Noi.
HA NOI (VNS) — The Yamaha Football Camp has successfully finished its five-week training course in Ha Noi.
Some 150 attendees, aged from six to 10 years, have completed the camp, where they learned basic football techniques and skills, self-confidence and sportsmanship.
Speaking at the Gala Night on Saturday, the Viet Nam Football Federation General Secretary Le Hoai Anh said the lessons that the programme teaches were basic but important for the attendees.
"During five weeks, they have learnt a lot and absorbed it as their own knowledge of football, which would definitely help them in the future if they train more to be a footballer," Anh said.
The second camp, which is an extended event in the third season of the programme, will continue today in Vinh City, Nghe An Province, which is another national football hub, with 125 children participating until July 26.
"I hope that the coming event in Nghe An will be also successful. And in the future, Yamaha will continue hosting such meaningful camps in the upcoming years, helping Viet Nam nurture talented generations for the national teams," Anh added.
The camps are one of activities of For the Future of Viet Nam Football programme, which has been hosted by Yamaha Viet Nam since 2007. — VNS
Nam eliminated from President's Cup in Kazakhstan (July, 17 2019)
Việt Nam drawn against regional rivals for World Cup qualifiers (July, 17 2019)
Sister acts spice up inaugural LPGA team event (July, 17 2019)
Tickets for F1 race in Hà Nội go on sale (July, 17 2019)
Việt Nam to play friendlies in South Korea (July, 17 2019)
Hà Nội coach banned for Hoang Anh Gia Lai clash (July, 17 2019)


Home > Blog > What is The Best Break Barrel Air Rifle for The Money?
What is The Best Break Barrel Air Rifle for The Money?
Fact: value = getting the most quality for an investment. Fact: not all break barrel air rifles are the best value. What are break barrel air rifles? That one is easy.
They have a spring propulsion mechanism in the barrel that moves the pellets. You "break" the barrel by pulling it downward and inserting your ammo. They are a great design that has been around for a long time and that is not going anywhere any time soon.
The reason that these types of rifles are some of the most popular is because they are easy to use, relatively accurate and have a varying range of power offered. A lot of enthusiast prefer the break barrels over other types of air rifles because it is so easy to maintain.
This is the ideal starter gun for anyone that wants to get into shooting.
Break barrels are not for BB's they are strictly for pellets that you have to load one at a time. Loading the pellets one at a time can be a hassle but the pellets have the advantage of being much more powerful than BB's.
From an equipment stand point this is the easiest design to contend with. You do not have to deal with Co2 cartridges or other equipment. You just break the barrel, load and shoot.
Accuracy is also enhanced with a break barrel because when you are using an air source instead of the spring source as the air source begins to deplete the pellets become less and less accurate.
With the spring source of power like in the break barrel you never lose the power. The power is always consistent which means your shots are always consistent (if you have the skill).
Now finding the ones that offer the best value for your dollar is an entirely different story. We took a look at a few and were actually highly impressed by a few.
The great thing about break barrels is that there is an ample supply of them out there and they offer easy to use features so it is sort of hard for a manufacturer to mess them up.
We wanted to make choices that everyone could likely afford but we avoided the super cheap low cost models because typically super cheap low cost is not the best value. Quality is always important when you are purchasing a air rifle.
We wanted a name we could count on for providing a durable weapon that could easily withstand years and years of use so we looked for a brand that is well-known for quality guns.
This model gave us a lot to like. It has a nice sturdy build with a hardwood stock. We liked the sight and we also liked that it offered a nice "bang" for the buck.
It is relatively lightweight and offers a nice length. We could easily see how this model would be great for small game and target shooting.
The only thing we did not like about this model is that the safety does not automatically engage and the trigger is a little tight at first, other than those two minor issues we can highly recommend this model.
Ruger is a leading name in air rifles and accessories so we took a look at this rifle and were pleased at what we found. The scope by far is one of the tops that we have seen with an air rifle. We liked the durable all weather stock and the weight was evenly distributed.
The power was fine and so was the accuracy. There was nothing not to like about this model. Do yourself a favor if you order this gun, follow the manuals recommendations and make sure you clean out the bore before you get started.
Oil residue will mess up your experience if you do not.
It is easy to see why this Crossman makes the list. It looks high speed and it really delivers in the accuracy department. We liked this model because of the pistol grip which is super comfortable and can help to build confidence.
Overall this is an excellent option but this is not a toy and may not be the best option for someone that is a novice because it is a powerful option.
We liked that it has an ambidexterous safety so you can use it comfortably whether you are a lefty or a righty.
This is a sharp looking air rifle that has a nice powerful punch. Gamo is not as well known as the other brands but it is a reliable brand. We liked the barrel on this because it has the power of steel but the comfort of a composite.
We also liked that it is super powerful but you should also know that this is on the loud side compared to other guns that have the same amount of power which of course can be an issue if you are out plinking for small game. One shot and you are likely to run off any small game in the area.
It would be a great target shooting rifle or a one shot off type deal.
We loved this model because it really fit the bill. It is powerful yet quiet making it ideal for hunting small game. It has a great looking style. It is rugged and well-made. It is affordable.
We were able to check all the boxes with this model and really were impressed with its smooth as silk action as well. This would be a great rifle for both hunting and target practice because it is super quiet and wildly accurate.
It really packs some punch for the price. It can handle all type of ammo relatively well. It is a great value for the price.
Choosing a break barrel pellet rifle is really a personal choice. There are several things that we look at when we are choosing our own personal weapons like "does it fit?" "will it function for the purpose?" and "can I afford it?".
Everyone has their own style when it comes to shooting and for some people shorter barrels are favorable and for others they like longer barrels. If you are strictly looking to target shoot than the noise is not an issue but if you plan on hunting small game than the quieter the better.
Of course we are all bound by budget in one way or another so that is always something you have to consider as well.
All of the rifles that are listed in this review all hover around the same price point and they are all relatively affordable. They all make excellent choices because they are well-built, powerful and offer the accuracy that you want.
Of course the rest is up to you. We gave you a selection of rifles that offer different qualities like hardwood stock VS composite and different weights to try to best bring you a selection that offers something for everyone.
The right rifle is easy to find when you have a little help from people that really enjoy a good rifle!
Take a look at the rifles that are listed here they are all a great value that will help you get the most bang for your buck.
All you have to decide is which one you find preferential and that will meet your particular needs. You can feel confident in buying anyone of these rifles because they are all equally great!


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Cisplatin Alters Anti-Tumor Immunity and Synergizes with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Linda Tran, Clint T Allen, Roy Xiao, Ellen Moore, Ruth Davis, So-Jin Park, Katie Spielbauer, Carter Van Waes and Nicole C Schmitt
Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health
Clint T Allen
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
Roy Xiao
Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health
Ellen Moore
Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
So-Jin Park
Katie Spielbauer
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine
Carter Van Waes
Section on Sensory Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health
Nicole C Schmitt
For correspondence: nicole.schmitt@nih.gov
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been treated for decades with cisplatin chemotherapy, and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has recently been approved for the treatment of this disease. However, preclinical studies of how antitumor immunity in HNSCC is affected by cisplatin alone or in combination with immunotherapies are lacking. Here, we show that sublethal doses of cisplatin may enhance antigen presentation and T-cell killing in vitro, though cisplatin also upregulates tumor cell expression of PD-L1 and may impair T-cell function at higher doses. In a syngeneic mouse model of HNSCC, concurrent use of cisplatin and anti-PD-L1/PD-1 delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival without significantly reducing the number or function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells or increasing cisplatin-induced toxicities. These results suggest that moderate doses of cisplatin may enhance antitumor immunity by mechanisms other than direct tumor cell killing, which may be further enhanced by anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy.
Received May 12, 2017.
Revision received August 24, 2017.
Copyright ©2017, American Association for Cancer Research.
Published OnlineFirst November 2, 2017
You are going to email the following Cisplatin Alters Anti-Tumor Immunity and Synergizes with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cancer Immunol Res November 2 2017 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-17-0235


Japan is one of the United States' most important allies, yet relations between the two risk degenerating into serious conflicts over trade and other issues. This book outlines a new vision for U.S.-Japan relations that enables both countries to cooperate to achieve their mutual interests, while minimizing the conflicts that will inevitably arise between them. The new U.S.-Japan strategy must incorporate four critical elements. First, the strategy must be based upon a clear conception of U.S. national interest but be implemented in ways that capitalize on the mutual interests of both countries. Second, the strategy must integrate economic and security interests, which the United States decoupled during the cold war era. Third, a new U.S. strategy toward Japan must have an institutional expression, both domestically and internationally, if it is to be viable over the long term. Finally, the United States' Japan strategy must be part of a new global strategy for facing the challenges of the new world order. Contributors: Susan J. Pharr, Haruo Shimada, Clyde V. Prestowitz, Jr., C. Fred Bergsten, Paula Stern, Daniel I. Okimoto, and James H. Raphael. Co-published with the Aspen Strategy Group.


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Gang War (Johnny Thunders & Wayne Kramer) – These Boots Are Made For Walking
In 1979, JOHNNY THUNDERS, legendary Heartbreakers and New York Dolls guitarist, teamed up with WAYNE KRAMER, also legendary guitarist of Detroit's seminal MC5, to form 'GANG WAR', an alliance that lasted the best part of a year. Although Gang War released no records and at the time they got little attention, in retrospect the collaboration is looked on as a 'rock fantasy' supergroup. These live recordings bear testimony to this unique partnership between two renowned rock guitar icons.
Gang War came about shortly after Johnny released his 'So Alone' album, and Wayne was not long out of jail after serving two years of a sentence of four for a coke bust. Arriving in Detroit with the Heartbreakers, Johnny met his teenage idol Wayne who jammed with them at the gig. Johnny stayed on, moving his family to Michigan and pledging his future to Gang War. They toured regularly and recorded a couple of demos with a view to getting a deal, but they couldn't get record company interest and after eight or nine months they split.
Tompall Glaser – Drinking Them Beers
August 14, 2013 noisenurseryLeave a comment
Thomas Paul 'Tompall' Glaser (September 3, 1933 – August 13, 2013) was an American country music artist. He was born in Spalding, Nebraska in 1933.[1]Active since the 1950s, he recorded solo artist and with his brothers Chuck and Jim in the trio Tompall & the Glaser Brothers. Tompall Glaser's highest-charting solo single was Shel Silverstein's "Put Another Log on the Fire", which peaked at No. 21 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1975 and appeared with Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, and Jessi Colter on the album Wanted! The Outlaws. The Glaser Bros. also were back-up singers for Marty Robbins in the 1950s. Glaser died August 13, 2013 in Nashville, Tennessee, after a long illness.
Soul Asylum – Never Really Been
Song Review by Stewart Mason
Soul Asylum's version of the acoustic ballads that Paul Westerberg used to break up the sloppy punk roar of the Replacements' early albums, "Never Really Been" is the first indication of the lower-voltage direction that the group would take to its brief period of superstardom. (Ironically, one of the key couplets is "Where will you be in 1993?/Still sitting in the same chair," unknowingly foreshadowing the year of Soul Asylum's highest public profile.) Dave Pirner's lyrics are fairly standard-issue post-adolescent soul-searching, although he does get off a couple of great snarkily self-deprecating lines like "You were thinkin' I was distressed about some universe oppressed/But I was just depressed about my last pinball game." The song is similarly good but not great; the comparisons to Westerberg's acoustic songs are just too obvious to overcome entirely, but although the song is clearly in that style, it manages to stand on its own merits. "Never Really Been" would remain a key part of the Soul Asylum live set for years.
Billy Prine and the Big Beat Battallion – Speed of the Sound of Loneliness
Here's Billy the brother of John covering one of John's fabulous songs.
Kevin Coyne – Learn to Swim, Learn to Drown
The first of two new Kevin Coyne albums released during 1980, Bursting Bubbles has the reputation for being his most "difficult" LP yet, a darkly tempered, and roughly produced collection that does, in places, feel a little like having your ears encased in concrete, while listening to an irascible schoolmaster lecture you about the hopelessness of life. But it's also a beautiful piece of work, a fitting successor to the fractured minimalism of Millionaires & Teddy Bears, and a stark rejoinder to the awesome awkwardness of Babble. Songs like "Children's' Crusade," "Learn to Swim — Learn to Drown" and "The Old Fashioned Love Song" all offer the unwary listener an object lesson in not judging a song from its title, while "No Melody" is so brilliantly mistitled that it might well be one of Coyne's best jokes ever. Still, the album's moodiness cannot be shaken off easily, a state of affairs that recommends Bursting Bubbles only to true Coyne converts. You certainly wouldn't want to start listening to him with this one!
Bill Nelson – Do you dream in colour?
Nelson was educated at the Wakefield College of Art, where he developed an interest in the work of poet and filmmaker Jean Cocteau. At this time, he was also developing as a musician, drawing upon Duane Eddy as a primary guitar influence.
His first record was a brief contribution on the album A-Austr: Musics from Holyground, with Brian Calvert, Chris Coombs, Ted Hepworth, Mike Levon and Brian Wilson. Levon recorded and produced the album which appeared on Levon's own Holyground Records label in 1970. After that, Nelson appeared in a much more substantial role with Lightyears Away on Astral Navigations released in 1971. On one track, "Yesterday", written by Coombs, Levon recorded Nelson's lead guitars in an acid rock style, supporting Coombs' stylophone riff. This track also gave Nelson his first airplay by John Peel on his national BBC Radio 1 programme in the United Kingdom. Nelson's Holyground recordings were released in February 2001 as Electrotype.
Nelson's debut solo album Northern Dream drew further attention from Peel which eventually led to Nelson's band Be-Bop Deluxe signing to EMI and releasing Axe Victim In 1976 Be-Bop Deluxe released the album 'Sunburst Finish'.
After the breakup of Be-Bop Deluxe, Nelson created Red Noise (releasing the Sound – On – Sound album), but eventually settled into a career as a solo musician, recording albums in the early electropop vein such as Quit Dreaming And Get On The Beam and The Love That Whirls. Many of these albums were released with bonus tracks, including records featuring experimental, ambient instrumentals. For a period between the late 1970s and early 1980s, Nelson self-produced on his Cocteau label a plethora of releases, consisting of solo synthesizer and keyboard instrumental pieces. Many were later released on the short-lived Enigma label.
Jimbo Mathus – Run Devil Run
James H. Mathis, Jr., better known as Jimbo Mathus, spent the majority of the 1990s immersed in gypsy jazz, swing and klezmer with The Squirrel Nut Zippers. When the group disbanded in 2000, the inevitable fallout (lawsuits, divorce, etc.) sent the bruised but affable multi-instrumentalist/singer/songwriter looking to his Mississippi roots for guidance, which he found touring with Buddy Guy, Luther Dickinson, and Alvin Youngblood Hart, and releasing a string of well-received solo outings with the intention of bringing "catfish music to the masses." Fueled by a $16,000 Kickstarter campaign, 2013's White Buffalo finds the venerable Southern rock statesman, along with Matt Pierce, Ryan Rogers, Eric Carlton, and Terrence Bishop (The Tri-State Coalition), making his Fat Possum debut with a collection of songs that celebrate every musical facet of the region, from folk ("Hatchie Bottoms," "Poor Lost Souls") and country ("In the Garden," "Useless Heart") to primal, juke joint thunderclaps like the propulsive, Mountain-esque title cut. It's a winning formula that's as rough and ready as it is warm and homespun, due in large part to Mathus' amiable delivery and knack for creating memorable, accessible characters with an acute awareness of both their flaws and their strengths. Raw, heartfelt, and bereft of artifice, Mathus and company manage to find the sweet spot between Exile On Main St. and "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down," skillfully navigating the nooks and crannies of Americana, pulling out the sweet and succulent bits, and serving them up with genuine Southern hospitality.
Homer Henderson – Lee Harvey Was A Friend Of Mine
August 9, 2013 noisenurseryLeave a comment
Review by Cub Koda
To many, Homer Henderson is the country version of Weird Al Yankovic, writing and singing funny songs on a number of politically incorrect subjects. In reality, this is only one side of his musical makeup, an oeuvre that also encompasses hard Jimmy Reed-blues and electronica. This collection brings together all of Henderson's early 45's, issued on a number of small imprints in Texas. The emphasis is on the humorous side of Homer's work, with such gems as "Pickin' Up Beer Cans on the Highway," "Lee Harvey Was a Friend of Mine," "I Want a Date With a Cowboy Cheerleader," "Nightclub Cancer," and "Hillbilly Pecker" being counted in the lineup — all minor classics of dark humor. Liner notes from Nick Tosches, whom Henderson sometimes collaborates with, make this one fun package, with some solid music in between the laughs. If you're looking for something different, look no further.
Pere Ubu – Heart Of Darkness
By Gregory Adams
Tim Wright, the founding bassist for Cleveland-area avant garde rock group Pere Ubu, died over the weekend of unspecified causes. The musician's passing was announced earlier today (August 6) through former bandmate David Thomas's Facebook.
"Tim Wright died Sunday, August 4 2013," Thomas wrote, adding that he heard the news through Wright's longtime partner Mary Ann Livchak. "He was an original member of Pere Ubu and later a contributor to the No Wave scene of New York City."
Pere Ubu began in 1975, with Wright joining up with former Rocket from the Tombs members Thomas and Peter Laughner, as well as keyboardist Allen Ravenstine, guitarist Tom Herman and drummer Scott Krauss. Pere Ubu's debut single "30 Seconds Over Tokyo"/"Heart of Darkness" was issued later that year. Wright left the group in 1978, before the band issued their debut LP The Modern Dance.
After his departure from Pere Ubu, Wright moved to New York and joined Arto Lindsay's No Wave project DNA, playing with the act until it folded in 1982. After DNA, Wright composed material for Mission of Burma, Peter Murphy and Living Colour and worked in the studio with Dio and the Dixie Chicks, among other accomplishments. Wright also recorded solo LPs, with the last being 2008's Behind Your Back Door.
Patti Smith – Gloria
Bearing probably the most famous opening line of the entire American punk scene — "Jesus died for somebody's sins, but not mine" being every bit as corrosive a start as "I am an Antichrist/I am an anarchist" — Patti Smith's complete re-imagining of the '60s garage classic "Gloria" both sums up her entire persona and sets a standard that was so hard for the next generation of punks to live up to that most of them didn't even try. More poetic than Jim Morrison, and far less prone to idiotic drunken rambling as well, Smith was the first mainstream rock and roll poet to deserve both sides of the appellation: the song's first section, Smith's own "In Excelsis Deo," features some haunting imagery, but it's also so rhythmically interesting that the shifts into and out of Van Morrison's cocksure strut "Gloria" are utterly seamless. Further, Smith performs the oldie with more intensity, humor and openly sexual hunger than anyone since Morrison himself back in the days of Them, helped immensely by her stellar band, almost certainly the best group of musicians (Television was their only real competition) to unite under the rubric of punk.


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CRISPR heals genetic liver disorder in mice
October 18th, 2018 Posted by Peter Rüegg-ETH Zurich
(Credit: Getty Images)
You are free to share this article under the Attribution 4.0 International license.
livers
ETH Zurich
Researchers healed mice with a genetic metabolic disorder that also affects humans by using a new editing tool to target and correct genetic mutations.
Some babies are born with the metabolic disorder phenylketonuria and need a special diet so that the amino acid phenylalanine doesn't accumulate in the body. Excess phenylalanine delays mental and motor development. If left untreated, the children may develop mental disabilities.
The cause of this metabolic disorder is a mutation in a gene that provides the blueprint for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (Pah). The enzyme, which is produced by the cells of the liver, metabolizes phenylalanine.
The disorder is "autosomal recessive," which means that the child develops the disease if it inherits one mutated gene from the mother and one from the father. There is no cure.
New editing technique
Now, researchers have taken advantage of a method that corrects both mutated genes in the liver cells and heals the disease. So far, they've succeeded, at least in mice.
With the help of a CRISPR/Cas9 system extended by one enzyme, the researchers changed the sequence of the DNA building blocks for the corresponding gene in adult mice. The liver cells were subsequently able to produce functioning Pah enzymes, and the mice healed.
Let's look at the details: The CRISPR/Cas9 system enhanced by the enzyme cytidine deaminase binds to the locus on the gene that needs to be corrected and locally opens both DNA strands. The deaminase converts the disease-causing DNA base pair C-G into T-A, which is the base pair that occurs at that spot in healthy individuals. This corrects the error in the DNA sequence of the Pah enzyme.
In traditional CRISPR/Cas editing, inducing a DNA double-stranded break is the central element of genome editing. The double strand is cut at a defined point, and the cell attempts to repair the cut using various mechanisms. If researchers add a matching DNA sequence to the cell from outside, it enables a specialized repair mechanism to precisely modify the specific genetic sequence.
The problem here is that most human cells primarily use other DNA repair mechanisms that produce additional undesired mutations.
The researchers realized that the new genome editing tool is much more efficient than the traditional CRISPR/Cas9 method: with it they corrected up to 60 percent of all copies of the gene with errors in the mouse liver. This resulted in the concentration of phenylalanine falling to normal levels, and the animals no longer showing any signs of the disorder after getting treatment with the genome editing tool.
To transfer the genetic code for the new editing tool to the liver cells, the researchers implanted the required genes into adeno-associated viruses and injected them into the blood of the mice. The virus then infected the liver cells, thereby introducing the genes for the editing tool into the liver cell.
From mice to humans
"This approach has great potential for application in humans," says Gerald Schwank, a professor at ETH Zurich. However, this study is only a first proof of concept. Clinical studies in other animal models would have to follow in order to test the efficacy and safety of the new genome editing tool for application in humans.
Previous methods of genome editing have only limited success at correcting target mutations directly in animals. The correction rate in the liver of adult mice has previously been only a few percent, explains Schwank. "Here we've achieved several fold higher editing rates—nobody has managed that so far."
Schwank considers the risks to be low. After applying the editing tool in the mouse model the researchers looked for non-target mutations, that is, on sites where there shouldn't be mutations. But they didn't find any. Schwank would like to examine this more closely in a follow-up study.
"The human liver consists of several billion cells. In none of them we want to induce any mutations that could cause cancer," emphasizes Schwank. Testing is also needed to find out whether the adeno-associated virus used by the researchers as a vehicle for applying the editing tool gene causes any adverse effects.
"The use of a base editor was the key to our success," explains Lukas Villiger, Schwank's doctoral candidate and the study's primary author. Researchers developed the base editor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and presented it two years ago in a scientific journal.
Before that, the ETH researchers had been working with traditional CRISPR/Cas approaches. In 2016, Schwank and Villiger starting using the techniques the US researchers had developed. "Even with the new base editors, the path still didn't follow a straight line—we had to tinker around quite a bit", says Villiger.
The biggest surprise was that this system is so much more effective than the traditional CRISPR/Cas toolbox.
Schwank is now looking for funding to conduct trails on other animal models such as pigs. "The liver of the mouse differs in size and structure from that of humans or pigs, so we definitely have to expand the scope of our trials to other organisms to make progress."
Phenylketonuria is not the only genetic metabolic disorder that affects the liver. For example, urea cycle disorders prevent the body from removing ammonia (as a byproduct from foods containing nitrogen) from the blood and metabolizing it to urea. This results primarily in central nervous dysfunctions. The only currently available option to cure this disease is liver transplantation. Therefore, Schwank would like to test the newly developed genome editing tool for use in such diseases as well.
Source: ETH Zurich
Original Study DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0209-1
New genome editing method avoids cellular 'trash disposal'
CRISPR powers the hunt for new, better antidepressants
Gene editing cures blood disorder in fetal mice
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Home > Find a Doctor > Leonard N. Girardi, M.D.
Leonard N. Girardi, M.D.
Surgery, Thoracic Cardiovascular
Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery
Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery
Cardiac Valve Surgery
Aortic and Mitral Valve Surgery
Aortic Arch Surgery
Aortic Dissection Repair
Aortic Root Replacement
Aortic Stent Graft
Bloodless Cardiothoracic Surgery
Cardiac Bypass Surgery
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Endovascular Repair For Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Endovascular Stent Graft Repair of Descending Thoracic Aorta
Minimally Invasive Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery
Mitral Valve Repair (Complex)
Thoracic Aortic Surgery
Valve Replacement, Aortic and Mitral
Valve Sparing Aortic Root Replacement
Aneurysm Stent Grafting
Endovascular Repair For Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft)
Cardiac Tumor
Surgical Repair, Aortic Dissection
Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Thoracic Aneurysm Repair
Aortic Aneurysm Repair
"Because of my good fortune in training with some of the pioneers in general and cardiac surgery, I had opportunities to join the faculty of many well established cardiovascular surgery programs throughout the country. I chose to return to Weill Cornell Medicine because I could not find a program anywhere in the United States that could provide the same high level of care to patients that the nurses, anesthesiologists and technicians do here at Weill Cornell Medicine. I take great pride in being a member of a team that can handle the most complex patient situation, regardless of the time, whether day or night, the circumstances or the nature of the problem."
Dr. Leonard N. Girardi is a Professor and Chair of the Cardiothoracic Surgery department of at Weill Cornell Medicine as well as Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. He is also an Associate Attending Surgeon at the Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Dr. Girardi completed his undergraduate studies at Harvard University in 1985, obtaining a degree in biochemistry. He pursued his medical education at Weill Cornell Medical College and completed his residency in general surgery at Weill Cornell Medical College, where he remained as a resident in Cardiothoracic Surgery. Dr. Girardi graduated from the program in 1996 under Dr. O. Wayne Isom. After completion of a fellowship in aortic surgery at Baylor, Dr. Girardi assumed his present position at New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center.
Dr. Girardi is committed to training the next generation of cardiothoracic surgeons and teaches medical students and residents on all levels. He is a member of numerous surgical societies, including the American Association of Thoracic Surgery, Society of Thoracic Surgery, The DeBakey International Surgical Society and the American College of Surgeons. He has published extensively on multiple topics in cardiovascular and aneurysm surgery and has given many lectures at regional and national surgical meetings.
Dr. Girardi has four sons, Nicholas, Henry, Edward, and Anthony.
Stephen Gold Award for Humanitarianism in Medicine 2004
Il Leone di San Marco Award in Medicine 2004
National Marfan Foundation Award 2004
Spingold Scholar 1985 - 1989
Skudder Scholar 1986 - 1989
NIH Research Fellowship 1986 - 1988
Coryell Prize in Internal Medicine 1988
Coryell Prize in General Surgery 1988
Papanicolaou Fellow in Gross Anatomy 1988
Rated one of New York Magazine's Best Doctors
Surgery, Thoracic
Chairman of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University
Cardiothoracic Surgeon-in-Chief - NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
Attending Cardiothoracic Surgeon - NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University
O. Wayne Isom Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University
M.D., Cornell University Medical College, 1989
Thank You for Keeping the Music Alive
CBS New York Profiles WCM Surgeon's Replacement of Woman's Entire Aorta
David Epstein's Flight Back to Health at Weill Cornell
#WeAreWCM: Dr. Leonard Girardi


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Jeffrey Vance Collection Jeffrey Vance Collection
Hannah Hill and Charlie Chaplin Sr . were aspiring adolescent actors when they met and fell in love while touring in the road show company of Shamus O'Brien in 1881. The two dreamers--Cockney-born teenagers--both came form working-class families and hoped to become famous music hall stars.
Sixteen-year-old Hannah's chosen stage name Lillie Harley echoed that of her idol Lillie Langtry, the glamorous actress who parlayed her stage career into an affair with The Prince of Wales (whom she playfully addressed as "Bertie"). Langtry's career proved that commoners and kings could and did freely meet and mingle: Hannah Hill's fondest hope for herself.
A hopeful young actress with grand ambitions, Hannah fancied herself a future royal consort. She identified both with Nell Gwyn (the Cockney-born actress and mistress of Charles II) and Josephine de Beauharnais (who employed her seductive feminine wiles to conquer Napoleon). Hannah's romantic fantasies inspired her to tell her impressionable young son, Charlie, that his namesake father, Charlie Chaplin Sr. had been the spitting image of Napoleon when they first met and fell in love.
"Mother was a soubrette on the variety stage, a mignonne in her late twenties, with fair complexion, violet-blue eyes and long light-brown hair that she could sit upon. Though she was not an exceptional beauty, we thought her divine-looking…she was dainty, attractive and had compelling charm," Chaplin recalled [1964.]
In addition to being Hannah's dark, brooding and moody version of Napoleon, 18-year-old Charlie Sr. had a fine light baritone voice and would go on to have a successful career playing the stage role of handsome, sartorially elegant men-about-town who were would-be ladykillers.


When you're gunning for the holeshot, chasing the break or railing turns in sketchy cyclocross conditions, every advantage counts. Pros settle for nothing less than perfection and this is the machine that meets their demands. The TCX Advanced Pro features a superlight Advanced grade composite frame that's handcrafted with race proven geometry and asymmetrical chainstays for optimal power transfer. The innovative D-Fuse composite seatpost adds compliance without adding weight, so you can pedal smoothly no matter how rough the course. The OverDrive 2 steerer tube system delivers pinpoint steering performance. Other innovations include flat mount disc brakes and a 12mm front and rear thru-axle for total control cornering, sprinting or climbing in dirt, sand, mud or snow.


Washington DC – A delegation of leading European telecoms operators, chaired by Michael Bartholomew, ETNO Director, is meeting with US senior officials and industry representatives this week, to discuss high speed broadband deployment.
With one million subscribers to fibre-based broadband networks, Europe is currently lagging behind its main world economic partners, in particular the US, in terms of high speed broadband access networks roll out.
"The United States have experienced an unprecedented growth of fibre roll out over the past few years, reaching now up to 2.5 million subscribers", says Michael Bartholomew, ETNO Director.
challenges the sector is facing", added Bartholomew.
Besides the EU review of the telecoms rules, they will also discuss issues such as rural broadband deployment, spectrum allocation, internet governance and the future of ICANN.
* ETNO's 41 member companies from 34 European countries represent a significant part of total ICT activity in Europe. They account for an aggregate annual turnover of more than 250 billion Euros and employ over one million people across Europe. ETNO companies are the main drivers of broadband and are committed to its continual growth in Europe.


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Remove this stupid TP stun
Bugs & Known Issues
SgtSpace 2020-07-25 10:42:31 UTC #1
I've missed out on so much loot from T-rooms, bosses, and events because they die before the 3 second TP stun goes away. This 3 second stun hasn't fixed the issue, it's just put a band-aid over it and caused even more (arguably WORSE) issues…
Add a long invulnerability to all T-rooms, bosses, and events (to the ones that can get melted in 2 seconds flat, at least) so people actually get a chance to get damage in before they die
Or better yet, fix the original issues (people dragging onto dungeon entrances and event sitting) instead of implementing these super lazy 'fixes'.
This shit is really pissing me off. I never thought that a 3 second TP stun could be this aggravating, but it is.
I am really really disappointed in these super lazy 'fixes', you haven't fixed anything, you've just caused more issues that are objectively worse than the original ones.
In the wise words of DJ Khaled: "Congratulations, you played yourself."
Fix your shit, Deca. This is just really sad.
Oryx 3 Release and Patch Notes 07/22/20
Nameness 2020-07-25 12:01:39 UTC #2
I normally clear in candyland hunting grounds, and in a crowded one with the stun, that just means I miss every other boss unless there is mystic
XBookwyrmX 2020-07-25 13:02:19 UTC #3
I'd encourage longer invulnerability times for cland, because those out in the field are usually the ones doing the work, but personally (I'm not trying to start a firefight), I believe trooms should stay the way they are. The people who went and found them should be rewarded more than the people who (more often than not) mooched.
As a small side note, increasing the health of a troom "chest" (assuming it's not a mini-boss) may be a better third option. That way the people who found it have some time to get damage in, but not be able to kill it fast enough before the others show up… though that could get annoying in small/solo crowds. However, my above opinion still stands.
I actually liked the longer stun/silence measure, for the record, but please, don't take this as condescending! All of this is opinionated.
As someone who always helps with Davy's and WLabs when I can, I often see the troom call a second later than the leachers, which means that's 1 second that I can't attack that they can, which is normally enough to miss the whole troom
This 3 second tp stun is not helpful towards the game, it's cancerous and frustrating
BaadGuy 2020-07-25 15:41:36 UTC #5
I don't think the stun is even needed. I'd keep silence
Oajsuixz 2020-07-25 15:58:28 UTC #6
The stun is actually so annoying. I thought I was lagging and that's why I can't shoot. That was until I saw this post, like wtf, is this an actual thing? Does Deca actually think this will help fix anything other than wasting people's time??!
DATjihad 2020-07-25 16:47:48 UTC #7
I finally updated the game after 6 months just to check out the new bard class, only to find it being genuinely the worst class in the game, besting even the utmost horrible of mystics. And along side that horrendous monstrosity of 55 speed and 55 attack I was met with this ridicules change that tapped 3 seconds of my life away every time I decided to teleport to another person.
Needless to say I am stunned at the ruthless efficiency that this game possesses, as it can rip a man of his will to live in less than 2 hours.
Novachiz 2020-07-25 16:49:45 UTC #8
I just want to point out that the added stun and silence were added because of the free 3 second invulnerability when teleporting or entering a new area. I think a shorter invulnerability is fine, 1 second gives you plenty of time to get away/nexus from something that would otherwise instapop you
Actually it helps a lot because of delays. Nest sitting became a problem again because it isn't enough time to react.
For instance, if you teleport and get a 500ms lag spike you only have half a second to react before you die. 3 secs is great.
A good idea I've seen posted is that they could have a damage limit when invulnerable from teleporting. Say 500 damage cap, the rest of your shots don't give damage when invulnerable. This would allow SB but not abusing…
DaurknissX 2020-07-25 17:03:17 UTC #10
The stun is there to keep people from abusing invulnerability, but I agree that it's a bit too long now. Two seconds should be enough in most cases.
XBookwyrmX 2020-07-25 17:26:39 UTC #11
That's kind of the point. They had the 1 second rule for a time. But not everyone has the same computer/great graphic to action rendering time, especially entering in dungeons. With a notable nod to the Ddocks trolling, you'd load into a dungeon dead before you even saw yourself enter. You could walk around before the visuals loaded, so to could you die. It's a precaution for now, because although the dc's are better, other delays like that, including in the realm, exist.
I do wonder if this game rule will be changed in the future, though. I'm not arguing about any other possibilities for the 3 second inclusion, but I've had my suspicions.
NyanGamer 2020-07-25 21:07:41 UTC #12
PSA: If you TP into a Mad Lab's blue potion, you get unstunned
WaterPower 2020-07-25 21:47:30 UTC #13
E P I C
Didnt think about this one, props to you
Skandling 2020-07-25 22:27:44 UTC #14
I can see the point of it in some situations but I think it needs further balancing. E.g.
Entering dungeons and portals. There are some where it makes sense like Docks. There are some where it does not matter like Tomb. And some where it is positively detrimental like Bilgewater's Grotto, where it effectively wipes out the benefit of his delayed start for late arrivers.
So for them it could activate on a per-dungeon basis. Have it on by default, as in theory most dungeons you could teleport into a crowd dragged from the first room. But turn it off whenever it makes no sense, such as Bilgewater, Oryx's Castle.
Teleporting within a dungeon/Realm is different as it saves you from much worse things such as teleporting into the path of a Behemoth or almost on top of the Avatar. But without the lag of entering a portal I don't think you need three seconds. Two seconds is enough I think, time to judge the situation and nexus if you need to.
SgtSpace:
Just noticed that line. Let me translate for the casual reader's convenience: there are not enough mystics to teach patience these days.
Its a joke okay dont take me seriously
system 2020-09-24 01:24:15 UTC #16


Pesto is a great addition to any pasta dish. Pesto can be high in fat with the oils and pine nuts mixed into it so you have to take it in small amounts. To help lighten your meal use a whole grain pasta instead of a white pasta. In addition to pasta you can use pesto on chicken, crusty bread, or a spread for a sandwich. If you want to have pasta but a sauce that's a healthier option it's best to stick with a tomato sauce.
What goes into a basic pesto sauce?
Find a great recipe at Food Network.