Most microgreens take between 7-14 days to reach maturity, after which they are ready for harvesting. You can either harvest them just after their seed leaves or cotyledons appear or wait for them to put on a second set of leaves, known as true leaves. If the microgreens continue to grow beyond this, your crop will start to show signs of stress such as yellowing or become "leggy" (tall and unhealthy). This is because of the dense environment in which the microgreens are growing. If the microgreens are replanted in a less dense environment, they will grow into the full-size herb/vegetable.
A Right Time To Harvest?
The short answer is yes. In Singapore, where our climate is usually hot and humid, the best times to harvest your microgreens is in the mornings or evenings. Cutting or harvesting your microgreens while they have been in the sun for a few hours or even in the shade on a hot, humid day will result in wilted greens. The important thing to remember is to keep your greens cool. Harvesting your microgreens at the correct time will keep them looking fresh.
For the home grower, a pair of sharp scissors is the best and easiest tool to harvest your greens. Hold a section of the microgreens loosely with one hand and with your other hand, place your scissors about 1 cm above the potting mix, and snip your greens. Some microgreens grow taller then others so make sure you adjust where you snip accordingly. The idea is to not snip close to your potting mix but to not waste the harvest by cutting your green too close to the leaves.
Growing your own microgreens allows you to harvest your greens whenever you need to and eat them within minutes. This gives you the freshest, tastiest, and most nutritious salad available right from your own home.
There are many schools of thought on this. Some say watering or rinsing is necessary, some say to do it if you want and others say to skip this step (especially if you have been diligent in your watering i.e. watering your microgreens only from the bottom or the side). Personally, I do give my microgreens a quick rinse just before eating them, only to ensure that I don't get any of the husks or seed covers on my plate.
Will I Get More Then One Harvest?
There is something called delayed germination when growing microgreens. Some varieties of microgreens will have a second wave of late bloomers: when seeds that didn't get germinated in the first crop, finally start to grow. You might find this happening in varieties like Arugula or Rocket, Basil, Beets, Spinach, Sunflower, and Peas. Sunflower and Pea seeds are known to germinate more then twice. In general, the larger the size of the seeds, the greater the yield of its second wave. However, it is important to note that after the first crop, the second crop will be meagre.


Work doesn't feel like work when you have couples like Tina and Jeremy. Their love for each other was infectious and their families were so warm and welcoming that it was a true joy to be on the wedding planning journey with them. We first met right after their engagement and dove right into discussing their wedding venue. After wavering between two incredible venues, ultimately the service, experience and the outdoor terrace with incredible views of the Peninsula Hotel won their hearts for their wedding celebration!
It was a true joy watching their event professional team come together because I could see the true and authentic connections Tina and Jeremy were making with their vendors. That is one of the most satisfying parts of being a planner – connecting our couples with the incredible talent in Chicago who they can then trust with all their details and visions. The moment we walked in the door at Revel Décor, I knew Tina and her mom were at ease with the incredibly approachable, knowledgeable, and talented Erin Sellers. Revel Décor brought Tina's chic, classic and Hamptons worthy style to the Peninsula Ballroom on a hot September day. Their ceremony chuppah and dramatic lighting were the perfect first impression for their guests, which continued right into dinner.
One of my favorite parts of planning their wedding day was discussing the music with Becca Kaufman from BKO. Tina and Jeremy met at Lollapalooza, so clearly music played a big part in their relationship. Becca is a music genius and worked to create a unique arrangement of Coldplay's Yellow for their first dance. Months and months later, thinking back to that song and the love on the dance floor still gives me goosebumps. The party continued into the night with a packed dance floor accompanied by a very thoughtful and personal set list.
It was an incredible honor to join you both on the journey! Congratulations, Tina & Jeremy!
Allison I cannot thank you enough for EVERYTHING!!! We seriously could not have gotten to yesterday without you. You are amazing!! We can't wait to catch up after our honeymoon.


text:
Q: MySQL - Select unique column with max timestamp I'm trying to prepare a query and I'm having a hard time with it. I need some MySQL gurus to help please...
Take the following table as an example...

CREATE TABLE order_revision (
  id int(11) NOT NULL,
  parent_order_id int(11) NOT NULL,
  user_id int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  sub_total decimal(19,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
  tax_total decimal(19,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
  status smallint(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
  created_at int(11) NOT NULL,
  updated_at int(11) DEFAULT NULL
)

I need a query to select all unique 'parent_order_id' with the max 'updated_at' value. This query should return all rows that have unique 'parent_order_id's based on the max timestamp of the 'updated_at' column.
In other words, each row returned should have an unique 'parent_order_id' and be the maximum timestamp of the'updated_at' column.
Basically this query would find the latest "order revision" for each "parent order"

A: You mean:
SELECT parent_order_id,max(updated_at) FROM order_revision GROUP BY parent_order_id

For MySQL, the GROUP BY-clause isn't even necessary, nevertheless I would include it for clarification (and most other SQL-conform servers require it).

A: For anyone interested, this query turned out to be the one I was looking for...

SELECT main.*
FROM order_revision AS main
WHERE main.id = (
    SELECT sub.id
    FROM order_revision AS sub
    WHERE main.parent_order_id = sub.parent_order_id
    ORDER BY sub.updated_at DESC
    LIMIT 1
);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Mumbai: Bengaluru-based real estate firm Ozone Group is raising about ₹ 200 crore in the next one month through a mix of private equities and debts to fund its first residential project in Mumbai, a top company official said.
In the last one year, Ozone has raised more than ₹ 1,000 crore from private equity firms such as Piramal Fund Management Pvt. Ltd and Aditya Birla Realty Fund. These funds have been primarily used in financing its two township projects in Bengaluru and Chennai.
For its entry into the Mumbai real estate market, Ozone Group has entered into a joint venture (JV) with city-based K Mordani Realty Pvt. Ltd to develop a residential building of over 100 units near Bandra-Kurla Complex in the city. The project will have a total saleable area of 120,000 sq. ft. It is expected to be launched in the next three months.
"I have a financial closure for the project we are entering into Mumbai. In the next one month, we will be raising close to ₹ 200 crore. This will be (raised through) a combination of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) and private equity," said Srinivasan Gopalan, chief executive officer (CEO), Ozone Group.
He, however, did not disclose the name the NBFCs and the private equity firms the company is in talks with.
The project is expected to be completed in the next three years. It will be sold between ₹ 2.5 crore and ₹ 2.7 crore per unit. He plans to earn revenue of around ₹ 300 crore from the project.
Earlier this year, leading property developers from south India such as Prestige Enterprise Pvt. Ltd and Purvarankara Projects Ltd announced plans to enter Mumbai in a bid to grab a piece of one of India's largest real estate market.
According to a report by real estate analytics firm PropEquity, Mumbai is the second largest real estate market in India in terms of sales, after Bengaluru. The city generated around ₹ 340 billion worth of sales between January 2013 and December 2014, the firm added.
Mumbai becomes a natural choice for many real estate firms as it provides different micro markets catering to various budget segments, say analysts.
"Mumbai is one of the most resilient markets as compared to other cities. In many ways it is similar to Bengaluru. It is cosmopolitan, has similar IT pockets and has always been a seller's market. If the properties are priced well and the surety for delivery is there, sales happen. That way it is far more predictable than some of the other major cities," said Ashwinder Raj Singh, chief executive officer (residential services), JLL India, a property consultant.
Gopalan expects that entering the Mumbai real estate market will help strengthen the brand image and visibility of Ozone Group in the long run. The company is currently scouting for more partnerships with focus on building small size projects as it can generate faster cash flow compared to the larger ones with long gestation periods, he added.
"We will be looking for JV opportunities with land owners or with other developers here. Our focus will be in smaller projects. We should at least have two-three projects and should have delivered about two in the next three years," he said.
Ozone Group is currently developing a 42-acre township Metrozone in Chennai. It is also in the process of delivering the third phase of its 160-acre project located in the suburbs of Bengaluru. Overall, the company has more than 10 million sq. ft under construction.


The Canmaker Summit actively encourages speakers and delegates to meet face-to-face to examine subjects in more detail. Such is the success of this approach that it has resulted in the creation of business alliances and the development of ideas into commercially successful products.
One integral part of The Canmaker Summit is The Canmaker magazine Cans of the Year Awards an annual celebration of the very best products that have been made by canmakers around the world. Presentations to those judged to have created this year's finest and most innovative metal packaging will take place at the traditional gala dinner during the Summit.
By allowing delegates to examine all of the shortlisted cans and to meet with some of those responsible for their production, the Awards provide an extension to the Summit by highlighting practical applications of the canmakers' skills coupled with leading technology.
The Canmaker Summit is exactly what its name suggests; it is an international meeting of like-minded people who come together with a common purpose of sharing their thoughts, their ideas and their desire to improve their businesses.


text:
Bill to limit effect of GOP tax overhaul on governor's desk
by Chris Reed | September 4, 2018 7:50 am
Gov. Jerry Brown will have to decide soon on whether to once again put California in direct conflict with the Trump administration – this time with a newly passed bill which has the near-unanimous support of Republican as well as Democratic state lawmakers.
It's Senate Bill 539, by U.S. Senate candidate Kevin de León, a state senator from Los Angeles. The measure would limit the impact on affluent[1] residents of the new $10,000 federal limit on deducting state and local taxes from federal tax returns by sharply increasing an existing tax credit for contributions to a college scholarship program already run by the state.
If SB539 is signed by Brown, families making more than $100,000 – especially homeowners – could potentially save billions of dollars with the new, much higher 75 percent credit. In 2015 – the most recent year for which statistics are available – 6.1 million California tax filers used the state and local tax deduction, with an average of $18,438, according to the Tax Policy Center.
This explains the bipartisan appeal of the measure, which passed the Assembly and Senate with a total of two[2] negative votes – one Republican (state Sen. Jim Nielsen of Fresno) and one Democrat (Assemblyman Jim Frazier of Contra Costa County).
It's not clear whether Brown will sign the measure. While he called the Republican tax overhaul approved last December "evil in the extreme" at the time it was being considered by Congress, he's been reported to be skeptical that any state tax avoidance effort would be accepted by the Internal Revenue Service.
That's the impression the IRS has sought to create since the state and local tax deduction was limited. And last month, the IRS proposed a 15 percent cap on deductibility of certain gifts, including to state programs like the one that would benefit from SB539.
IRS rule could reduce deductions for private tuition
The proposed IRS rule is so broad, however, that Gannett News Service reported[3] on Aug. 24 that it could affect laws allowing for state and local tax credits for charitable contributions in 34 states. In several Republican-dominated states, these credits are available for private school tuition.
This generated a sharp reaction from EdChoice[4], an Indianapolis-based national nonprofit organization that's devoted to encouraging alternatives to traditional public schools.
"The IRS chose to adopt a new rule after New York and a few other states who overtax their citizens at the state and local level had the audacity to create federal tax-dodging schemes," EdChoice told Gannett. "These tax-dodging schemes do not compare in intent or purpose to the charitable programs created years ago to help children access K-12 education where they fit in and can learn."
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, however, disputed the idea that the proposed IRS rule would have a heavy impact on donations to private schools and to school choice advocates.
In July, four states – New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Maryland – sued[5] the federal government over the deduction limit, saying it amounts to unconstitutional "double taxation." The Tax Foundation says those states and California are the five where taxpayers will face the biggest hit.
But most tax experts think the lawsuit is unlikely to win, given the long-established primacy of Congress in setting tax laws and of the IRS in interpreting them.
California has already sued[6] the Trump administration more than 50 times – but not, so far at least, over the tax deduction change.
affluent: https://taxfoundation.org/testimony-californias-salt-deduction-cap-workaround-is-legally-dubious-and-needlessly-regressive/
two: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB539
reported: https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/new-jersey/2018/08/24/tax-fallout-school-choice-groups-attack-irs-effort-aimed-nj-ny/1083113002/
EdChoice: https://www.edchoice.org/who-we-are/#
sued: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-taxes-lawsuit/four-states-sue-u-s-to-void-cap-on-state-and-local-tax-deduction-idUSKBN1K71PO
sued: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/california-defends-its-immigration-policies-against-trump-administration-lawsuit/
Source URL: https://calwatchdog.com/2018/09/04/bill-to-limit-effect-of-gop-tax-overhaul-on-governors-desk/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm not familiar with their music at all but now I'm curious! I'll have to check it out!
I never really liked panic at the disco =( I never found their music appealing.
And too bad he has to leave. I hate it when people leave because i always get so attached to them..
Wow, hope you get a chance to see your Grandpa in Holland. I hear Holland is a beautiful place.
Holland looks like an awesome place. I'd like to go there someday!
Hope your grandpa have a safe trip back. That would be so cool when you do get to visit Holland.
Ahh, I don't really like P!ATD not really my taste though some of their songs are super catchy.
Vinyl albums are so cool. My boyfriend has like 200 of them.


Rated as one of the top three Neil Diamond tribute acts in the UK, Ian's likeness is uncanny !
'Cherry Cherry', 'Beautiful Noise',"Play Me' and 'Sweet Caroline'.
He wears the costume and look from the 'Jazz Singer' which was Neil Diamond at his peak.
The audience are totally captivated and involved in the performance, as the tempo goes up and down and the mood changes from romantic ballads to storming classics like 'I'm A Believer' and "Cracklin' Rosie ". Ian's magnificent voice re-creates the emotion, excitement, passion and "spiritual" feel of Diamond's songs.
Ian's Neil Diamond tribute show take's the audience there, involves them, hands-clapping, and he doesn't let go until a fantastic heart-thumping, foot stomping, roof-raising finale!
A Dynamic Performance by .......... "THE VOICE"
Ian has a magnificent and powerful voice that is truly a match for popular music's major singing stars.
Many artistes can sound like a particular star but few are great singers. Ian is a great singer.
Tom Jones deserves nothing less from a Tom Jones tribute act.
After 4 years as a cabaret artiste where he earned the title of "THE VOICE" - he was spotted by an agent while supporting one of the top ABBA tribute acts. He has never looked back since.
and even involving some of them on "What's New Pussycat?" They love it!


Freeburn's characters are just like the women–both family and friends–that I scrap with, some closely-bonded, others bickering, but all women and friends at heart.
…a great cozy mystery series. Do yourself a favor and start reading it if you haven't! If you like crafting, scrapbooking, cardmaking, reading, great characters, and cozy mysteries . . . I can guarantee you won't be disappointed!!
I liked this book because first, it was set in my home state of West Virginia, and second it kept me on the edge of my seat.
This book was good and quick, the story pulls you in and has you wondering who committed this horrible crime and why?
I really liked the scrapbooking retreat setting. I scrapbook and make cards, so it was fun for me to read a mystery in this setting. I live right on the West Virginia border, so I could relate to that setting as well.
Everyone has secrets, and for some reason we love reading about the secrets of others…just not our own. Ms. Freeburn does an excellent job of revealing the right mix of secrets at the right time so that we are able to follow and it enhances the reading experience.
I loved the characters and the setting of this book. I have always wanted to try scrapbooking, and this book has made me really want to dive in and do it!
This brilliant whodunit will instantly captivate you!


text:
Tech advances to become foundation of competition
In the context of today's issues and Industry 4.0 rolling out globally, low investment in technological innovation and human resources development is undermining the competitiveness of Vietnam's economy and businesses.
Some companies have gone from near bankruptcy to thriving because they embraced high technology. Photo: Le Toan
In recent months, Vietnam has been urged by international organisations to invest more in innovation and research and development, which will help the country attract more high-quality investment and climb regional and global value chains further.
The World Bank has just released a report titled "Vietnamese Science, Technology and Innovation" which stated that a digital gap persists when it comes to automation in manufacturing. A miniscule number of businesses in Vietnam use technologies associated with Industry 4.0 – for example, robotics or 3D printing.
"Given that only 29 per cent of firms use machines controlled by computers – meaning digital technology of Industry 3.0 - and only 8.7 per cent use this technology intensively, is a matter of concern," said the report. "The results show a significant distance to the technological frontier and dampens down the prospects of leapfrogging. Businesses in Vietnam need to continue accumulating innovation capabilities, first by upgrading processes to the use of digital technologies and then to more sophisticated Industry 4.0 ones. The dividends of doing so can be very large."
Moreover, firm investment in digital technology infrastructure in Vietnam remains low as indicated by the digital enabling index. The index measures the average investment compared to a situation of full use of digital infrastructure – from cloud services to computers – and ranges between zero and 100 where a value of 100 indicates complete access to each digital enabler.
"The enabling index for Vietnam suggests that on average businesses are operating at 38 of the full digital infrastructure index. While on average internet infrastructure is at 75, the access/use to digital platforms is only 27 of potential and 4 for cloud services," stated the survey.
According to Phan Hong Mai, an economic expert from the National Economics University in Hanoi, domestic businesses are aware of the importance of innovation, but they mainly focus on this regard in terms of improving product quality. "Basically, it means they attempt to make old products better rather than comprehensively improve the process from product design to distribution," Mai said. "Concurrently, upgrading products makes sense for only Vietnamese businesses but will not create new products for the world, and then will not lead to a rise of Vietnam's position in the global value chain."
The Ministry of Science and Technology also reported that under its recent survey, only 10 per cent of local businesses uses modern technologies and focuses on intensive training for human resources.
For example, Rang Dong Light Source and Vacuum Flask JSC used to be on the brink of bankruptcy. However, it rose to become one of Vietnam's top 500 biggest enterprises within 10 years thanks to application of high technologies and workforce training. Annually, Rang Dong contributes over $10 million to the state budget.
Innovation-oriented reform
Vietnam has been a trailblazer in its development success over the last 30 years. Sustained rapid growth averaging around 7 per cent since 1988 has led to an almost five-fold increase in its per capita income, propelling the economy to middle-income status in just one generation.
Driven by trade and investment openness, the country has attracted efficiency-seeking direct foreign investment and generated jobs in export-oriented, labour-intensive segments of global value chains (GVCs) in manufacturing. Today, Vietnam is the second-largest smartphone exporter, producing over 40 per cent of Samsung's global phone products – an embodiment of the success of its growth strategy.
Building on achievements like these, Vietnam's ambition is to join the club of upper middle-income countries by 2035 with South Korea, Singapore, and Japan as its role models.
According to the World Bank, the challenges of the global slowdown in growth and trade, combined with rapid changes in technologies related to Industry 4.0, have been put into sharp relief by the COVID-19 economic shock. Vietnam remains significantly exposed to economic spillovers from this shock due to its deep integration with the global economy, with manufacturing GVCs and tourism particularly at risk.
"Adoption and diffusion of digital and new technologies associated with Industry 4.0 offer opportunities for increased productivity growth and are also critical for building resilience in businesses in the face of crisis," said the World Bank report. "Accelerated technological change - particularly the new wave of digitalisation, automation, and increasingly sophisticated AI - is expected to reshape Vietnam's low-cost labour-intensive manufacturing-led export strategy. Technological disruption in production and distribution processes, nonetheless, will affect different manufacturing sub-sectors at varying speeds, and opportunities are emerging in services as a necessary complement to the success of manufacturing."
New business models, as evidenced by the entry of digital platform-based startups and super app groups like ZaloPay and MoMo, along with the increasing attractiveness of Vietnam as a destination for venture capital and private equity investors, are promising. COVID-19 has demonstrated the need to step-up the pace of adoption and diffusion of technologies, new business models, and digital solutions to support business flexibility and growth, according to the report.
The 13th National Party Congress recently noted that science and technology, and innovation in particular, must "become an important driving force in the new growth model, especially in the context of the rapidly developing Industry Revolution 4.0."
The Political Report, the most important document adopted at the congress, set a target that Vietnam will hit an average annual growth rate of 6.5-7 per cent in the 2021-2025 period. To this end, high-tech application in many sectors of the economy and fostering innovation are one of the key solutions.
The country will also "prioritise attraction of foreign-invested projects with high technology, an environmentally-friendly nature, and usage of skilled labourers and projects investing in sectors that need to be prioritised for development. The projects, moreover, are also required to have a connection and technology transfer with domestic enterprises and facilitate these enterprises to develop and effectively engage in GVCs."
Besides further improving the domestic investment and business climate, the country will also improve human resources quality, attract and foster talented people, and boost innovation and application of scientific and technological achievements, especially those from Industry 4.0. All of these will "lay new momentum for national rapid and sustainable development," noted the Political Report.
Looming risks
According to a report by the United Nations Development Programme on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Vietnam, the country faces some key risks including challenges of economic uncertainty, re-shoring manufacturing back towards developed economies, trade wars accompanying rising nationalism, the effects of climate change, and Industry 4.0-induced changes in GVCs, employment and human development.
"In addition to such challenges, Vietnam must address a number of specific issues related to balancing continued growth and maintaining a focus on inclusion, while pushing for greener growth," said the report.
It suggested that Vietnam must better prepare for, and adapt to, the impact of Industry 4.0 on drivers of growth and job creation. Accelerating Industry 4.0 offers both opportunities and risks in terms of future employment creation, as Vietnam embarks on new growth pathways. It is anticipated that automation and AI will displace jobs in several sectors that have been driving Vietnam's growth.
The International Labour Organization suggested 70 per cent of jobs in Vietnam were at risk of automation. Sectors with a very high proportion of jobs at risk of automation include agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (83.3 per cent at risk); manufacturing (74.4 per cent); food and beverages (68 per cent); textiles and garments (85 per cent); electronics (75 per cent); wholesale and repair of motor vehicles (84.1 per cent); service sector (about 32 per cent); and general retail (70 per cent).
An Oxford Economics and Cisco report on technology and the future of ASEAN jobs issued in 2018 also forecasted that 7.5 million jobs (largely in agriculture, manufacturing, wholesale, and retail) would be displaced by AI in the next 10 years in Vietnam. At the same time, millions of new jobs with different functions in the same segments would be created. Thus, the net job loss is about 1.7 million, 90 per cent of which will be in the agricultural sector.
By Khoi Nguyen
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Hai Phong aims to become an international logistics centre
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50 years of French relations (January 23, 2023 | 09:00)
A rejuvenation in Hong Kong tie-ups (January 23, 2023 | 00:54)
Reflecting on solid Finnish tie-ups (January 23, 2023 | 00:28)
Building on far-reaching US-Vietnam cooperation (January 23, 2023 | 00:06)
Fresh German milestones to come (January 22, 2023 | 23:10)
Vietnam's role in Germany's commercial approach (January 22, 2023 | 22:00)


A Canadian Rockies Tour is being conducted especially for Grace College and Seminary alumni the dates of June 18-25, 2005.
To include Edmonton, Fort Edmonton Park, West Edmonton Mall, Jasper, Columbia Icefields, Lake Louise, Banff, and Calgary, the trip will include eight days and 11 meals and will cover a route first used in the 1800s by fur traders.
A special feature will be a drive through the incredible Icefields Parkway, which parallels the Great Divide and provides some of the most dramatic vistas of snow-capped mountains in all of North America. At the Columbia Icefields, a dramatic 200-square-mile stretch of land filled with glaciers, participants will have opportunity to ride across a 1,000-foot-thick glacier.
Cost is $1,999 per person (2 to a room), or $2,599 for one person to a room. Contact the Grace Alumni Services office for a complete brochure or more details. E-mail alumni@grace.edu, phone 1-866-448-3472, or log onto the alumni section of the Grace website at www.grace.edu.
Also available to Grace alumni this summer will be the "2005 Diamond Series Tour" of major league baseball games and parks in Milwaukee, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, and Arizona.
Parks include Bank One Ballpark (Padres at Diamondbacks, 6:40 p.m.) on April 23; Miller Park (Twins at Brewers, 6:05 p.m.) on June 25; Great American Ballpark (Brewers at Reds, 7:10 p.m.) on July 22; and Citizens Bank Park (Brewers at Phillies, 7:05 p.m.) on August 5.
For more details and to register online go to www.grace.edu or contact the alumni office at alumni@grace.edu or call 1-866-448-3472.


Notes: The arrival of Head Coach Kevin Bachtel seemed to turn things around for the Bulldogs leading them to a 9-3 season, a great turn around from the previous years record of 4-7. He looks to have an even better 2017 campaign with 8 returning starters on both sides of the ball and will lean on the services of QB Erwin, WR Banister and LB Morgan in order to keep up the success.
8/31 Commerce @ Away 7:30 p.m.
9/7 Caddo Mills @ Home 7:30 p.m.
9/14 Lone Oak @ Home 7:30 p.m.
9/28 Blooming Grove @ Away 7:30 p.m.
10/5 *Scurry-Rosser @ Home 7:30 p.m.
10/12 *Glateway Charter Academy @ Away 7:30 p.m.
10/19 *Palmer @ Home 7:30 p.m.
10/26 *Rice @ Away 7:30 p.m.
11/2 *Buffalo @ Home 7:30 p.m.
11/9 *Mildred @ Away 7:30 p.m.


text:
HomeBooks2017 The Buried Giant
Avenue of Mysteries
The Star Side of Bird Hill
The Buried Giant
Author: Kazuo Ishiguro
The Romans have long since departed, and Britain is steadily declining into ruin. But at least the wars that once ravaged the country have ceased.
The Buried Giant begins as a couple, Axl and Beatrice, set off across a troubled land of mist and rain in the hope of finding a son they have not seen for years. They expect to face many hazards – some strange and other-worldly – but they cannot yet foresee how their journey will reveal to them dark and forgotten corners of their love for one another.
Sometimes savage, often intensely moving, Kazuo Ishiguro's first novel in a decade is about lost memories, love, revenge and war.
Kazuo Ishiguro's seven previous books have won him wide renown and many honours around the world. His work has been translated into over forty languages. The Remains of the Day and Never Let Me Go have each sold in excess of 1,000,000 copies in Faber editions alone, and both were adapted into highly acclaimed films. Kazuo Ishiguro was born in Nagasaki, Japan, in 1954 and came to Britain at the age of five. He is the author of six novels. In 1995 Ishiguro received an OBE for Services to Literature, and in 1998 the French decoration of Chevalier de L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He lives in London with his wife and daughter.
Ishiguro's beautiful saga is fantastical in this time of King Arthur, but it is also so grounded in the deeply human story of a long-married husband and wife on a quest to reunite with their absent son. As their journey progresses, the reader understands there is an unseen current running through the tale with each page moving us closer to understanding its full, poignant implication.
On the surface, the book is a fantasy story. However, the plot contains serious literary undertones.
This novel is a story that asks whether human beings can overcome painful memory. With the background of the old legend of King Arthur of England, Kazuo Ishiguro expresses the universal life of the people throughout the ages. The ending is open to interpretation, it will differ from person to person. But his message would certainly continue down to the present day.
This spare and haunting novel feels like half dream, half fairy tale. Despite the historic setting in a divided Britain, the story offers a fresh and complex contemplation of war, revenge, loyalty and love.
In this novel an elderly married couple set out on a journey set in sixth century England where the Britons and the Saxons live in relative peace from recent war. All of the characters' memories have been degraded by a mist that permeates the land. From the beginning of the novel the reader wonders if what is forgotten can be recovered. Romantic memory often has a blissful loss of realistic quality to it, but memories of war usually have the opposite effect. The story takes a dreamlike look at the relationships in marriage and warring cultures, then it makes the reader wonder with what set of agreements do we communicate without memory? I nominated this novel because if uses the advantages and disadvantages of memory to make us consider our struggle with personal and cultural differences.
Ireland, Waterford City & County Library Service
Faber & Faber, UK
Search CATALOGUE Ireland for The Buried Giant


text:
Catalog The Monopolists » Books »
The Monopolists: Obsession, Fury, and the Scandal Behind the World's Favorite Board Game
Mary Pilon
Bloomsbury Publishing 2015
B00GN7FDQ0
Mary Pilon. (2015). The Monopolists: Obsession, Fury, and the Scandal Behind the World's Favorite Board Game. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Mary Pilon. 2015. The Monopolists: Obsession, Fury, and the Scandal Behind the World's Favorite Board Game. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Mary Pilon, The Monopolists: Obsession, Fury, and the Scandal Behind the World's Favorite Board Game. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015.
Mary Pilon. The Monopolists: Obsession, Fury, and the Scandal Behind the World's Favorite Board Game. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. Web.
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The Monopolists
Monopolists Obsession Fury and the Scandal Behind the Worlds Favorite Board Game
Obsession, Fury, and the Scandal Behind the World's Favorite Board Game
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Mary Pilon is an award-winning sports reporter at the New York Times. She was previously a staff reporter at the Wall Street Journal for the paper's Money and Investing section. In 2011, she was named one of Forbes magazine's 30 Under 30 for media. Her work has appeared at Gawker, USA Today, and New York magazine and she is an honors graduate of New York University. She lives in New York. Visit her website at marypilon.com and follow her on Twitter at @marypilon.
value: History
value: Nonfiction
The Monopolists reveals the unknown story of how Monopoly came into existence, the reinvention of its history by Parker Brothers and multiple media outlets, the lost female originator of the game, and one man's lifelong obsession to tell the true story about the game's questionable origins.
Most think it was invented by an unemployed Pennsylvanian who sold his game to Parker Brothers during the Great Depression in 1935 and lived happily—and richly—ever after. That story, however, is not exactly true. Ralph Anspach, a professor fighting to sell his Anti-Monopoly board game decades later, unearthed the real story, which traces back to Abraham Lincoln, the Quakers, and a forgotten feminist named Lizzie Magie who invented her nearly identical Landlord's Game more than thirty years before Parker Brothers sold their version of Monopoly.
Most think it was invented by an unemployed Pennsylvanian who sold his game to Parker Brothers during the Great Depression in 1935 and lived happily—and richly—ever after. That story, however, is not exactly true. Ralph Anspach, a professor fighting to sell his Anti-Monopoly board game decades later, unearthed the real story, which traces back to Abraham Lincoln, the Quakers, and a forgotten feminist named Lizzie Magie who invented her nearly identical Landlord's Game more than thirty years before Parker Brothers sold their version of Monopoly. Her game—underpinned by morals that were the exact opposite of what Monopoly represents today—was embraced by a constellation of left-wingers from the Progressive Era through the Great Depression, including members of Franklin Roosevelt's famed Brain Trust.
A fascinating social history of corporate greed that illuminates the cutthroat nature of American business over the last century, The Monopolists reads like the best detective fiction, told through Monopoly's real-life winners and losers.
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Sheet metal screws with (a) sharp-pointed ends; (b) fewer threads per inch than type AB screws: and (c) deeper threads with better gripping power than type AB. The Industrial Fasteners Institute incorrectly labels type A an "obsolete" thread though it is universally preferred in 18-8 stainless over type AB, especially by the marine industry.
Sheet metal screws with pointed ends similar to type-A screws and thread dimensions similar to type-B. Type AB screws are seldom used in stainless.
ANSI/ASME NOMENCLATURE (B1.1 AND ALL) – The "B" numbers are standards set by ASME regarding various aspects of fasteners. The most common number, B1.1, deals with dimensions and thread tolerances; B1.2 with gages and their use; B1.3 with various systems for gaging threads; B1.7 with definitions of terms.
ASTM 193 are chemical and physical specifications for hex head cap screws, studs, and bolts made of steel and stainless steel. ASTM 194 refers to nuts. The commonly used stainless is called grade 8, referring to 304 material to certain specifications, and grade 8M referring to 316 material. The major differences between ASTM and commercial stainless fasteners are: (a) 304 material must be used for manufacturing grade 8, not simply 18-8; (b) ASTM 193-194 generally refers to heavy hex heads and heavy nuts, though semi-finished hex heads and finished nuts may be sup¬plied with the permission of the buyer; (c) cold formed material will require carbide solution treatment or annealing to reduce hardness to meet ASTM requirements.
Fasteners made with a particularly high level of attention in manufacture and inspection.
A mixture (or alloy) of ordinary steel added to other metals besides carbon with the specific purpose of attaining certain characteristics such as higher strength. A few exceptions to this definition exist, however, so that a chromium content above 4% is not considered alloy steel and above 12% is considered stainless steel.
The most abundant metal in the earth, aluminum is blueish and silvery-white, very light, malleable, and ductile with high heat and electrical conductivity. It is non-magnetic and one-third the weight of steel with good corrosion resistance against certain chemicals and acids but weak resistance against other elements such as sea water.
To heat metal in order to lower its hardness. The term anneal refers to the heat treatment given all 300 series stainless and most 400 series stainless by a steel mill after the raw material has been completed but before fasteners are manufactured. Anneal also refers to the heat treatment given 400 series stainless fasteners after their manufacture (also called hardening and tempering) to lower hardness and increase toughness, For example, fasteners of 410 stainless may score over 200,000 psi after manufacture and be too brittle. By annealing at 1000 degrees F. tensile strength would decrease to 125,000-150,000 psi; annealing the same material to 500 degrees F. would bring tensile to 160,000-190,000 psi.
Refers to 300 series stainless, the most popular of the stainless alloys accounting for 85%-90% of stainless fasteners sold. Named for Sir Robert Williams Austen, an English metallurgist, austenitic stainless is a crystal structure formed by heating steel, chromium, and nickel to a high temperature where it forms the characteristics of 300 series stainless steel. An "AUSTENITE" is a molecular structure where 8 atoms of iron surround one atom of carbon, thus limiting the corrosive effects of the carbon. Austenitic fasteners have the highest level of corrosion resistance in the stainless family, cannot be hardened by heat treatment, and are almost always non¬magnetic. Sometimes heat and friction in cold-forming can cause austenitic stainless to take on slight magnetism. but the corrosion-resistant properties remain the same.
The most popular of austenitic grades is known generically as "18-8 stainless" and includes grades 302, 302HQ, 303, 304, 305, and XM-7. Typical industries using 18-8 fasteners include: food, dairy, wine, chemical, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, boating, swimming pool, pollution control, electronic, medical and hospital equipment, computer, textile.Type 316 stainless has added nickel and especially molybdenum. The molybdenum (called cooly) sharply increases corrosion resistance to chlorides and sulfates, including sulfurous acids in the pulp industry. It has superior tensile strength at high temperatures compared to 18-8. Besides pulp and paper, typical industries using 316 are: photographic and other chemicals, ink, textile, bleach, rubber.
Exotic metals in the 300 series include 309, 310, 317, 321 and 347. With superior corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures, these metals are used for furnace parts, high temperature containers and processing equipment, aircraft parts such as collector rings, exhaust systems, and equipment for very corrosive compounds of sulfuric, nitric, citric, and lactic acids. Their usage compared to 18-8 and 316 is very low.
Referring to sheet metal screws, type-B indicates a blunt point with more threads per inch and smaller thread depth than type-A screws.
The part of a fastener such as the washer face of a nut or under the head of a machine screw that actually comes in contact with the part it fastens.
A small slant, usually describing a flat washer which is square and thicker on one side than the other. The slant of the beveled washer can offset a slanted surface, so that a bolt going into the beveled washer may be parallel to the floor or ground.
Old term for pan head, "binder" has now come to mean "binding" head screws rather than pan.
A fastener where one or two stages of manufacturing have been performed, but the fastener has not been finished.
Though some manuals spend pages trying to differentiate between a bolt and a screw, any difference is dubious at best and Star uses the terms interchangeably. For hex head, a bolt does not have a washer face under the head while a cap screw does.
The most common alloy of copper, brass is about two-thirds copper, one-third zinc. It is non-magnetic with good strength and toughness, high electrical conductivity, and an attractive lustrous finish. It has good corrosion resistance but not in salt water. Brass is commonly used by the electrical and communications industries, builders hardware, and some marine applications.
Using sharp edges to cut material and push it away, broach usually refers to the socket drive on socket screws.
Where the shoulder of a screw is perceptibly smaller in diameter than the threaded portion (technically the minor diameter or less).
Carbon that breaks loose from its bond within the stainless solution when material is heated between 800-1400 degrees. Under severe corrosive conditions, it can result in extra oxidation and surface corrosion. See Solution Annealed.
Ordinary steel with no significant additions besides carbon.
A certification that a fastener meets the description or standard to which it was sold.
A slight rounding on the end of a fastener or the edges of a hex nut for ease of assembly or smoother appearance.
Old term for fillister head in United States; similar to fillister in metric sizes.
A blue-white metal, chromium is the most important element providing corrosion resistance in stainless steel. By adding 12% chromium to ordinary steel, stainless steel is formed. Chromium offsets the corrosive effects of carbon found in steel and is the primary factor in the ability of stainless to form a passive film on its surface providing corrosion resistance.
Solution annealed in finished condition to meet ASTM A193 specification.
Proponents of coarse threads claim: (a) coarse threads exhibit a better fatigue resistance; (b) coarse threads are more tolerant to handling and shipping; (c) coarse threads assemble and disassemble quicker and easier; (d) coarse threads tap better into brittle materials.
Means that fasteners are usually solution annealed.
Means strain hardened to meet certain minimum tensile requirements.
A reddish metal that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. It is malleable, ductile, and non-magnetic with low to average strength and good corrosion resistance. Brass and silicon bronze, composed mainly of copper, gain their strength from the addition of other metals, such as silicon.
Forming threads on a fastener by cutting away and actually removing the unneeded metal.
To remove chips, burrs, or other imperfections through a secondary operation such as grinding.
A variety of small or large disfigurations in a fastener such as pits (slight depressions on the surface), tool marks, voids (small cracks), laps, folds and seams (slightly bunched or folded material at corners of a fastener), and inclusions (a slight non-metallic impurity in the metal). Minor discontinuities are permissible in both commercial fasteners and those made to various MS and other specs.
The ability of a fastener to deform before breaking (for ex¬ample, an elastic would be more ductile than a diamond). Ductility is a measurement similar to elongation.
Stretching a fastener to the point that it breaks. The percent of elongation at rupture (same as measure of ductility) is determined by dividing the total length after stretching to the original length. Elongation decreases as strength and hardness increase.
Metals carry electric currents with varying capacities. As a relative guide to the conductivity of different metals, with electrolytic copper rated at 101 under the International Annealed Copper Standard, at 68 degrees F.,18-8 stainless rates is rated at 5; silicon bronze 651 at 12; and brass at 27.
A chemical process that cleans and brightens aluminum after heat treatment.
When cold forming produces a fastener before threading with two different diameters.The portion with the larger diameter is the shoulder; the smaller portion will be roll threaded. In the extruding process, a manufacturer starts with raw material equal to the shoulder diameter and pushes part of it through a die, reducing the diameter of the portion which will later be roll threaded.
F593 is a specification for stainless hex head cap screws; F594 is for stainless nuts. Compared to regular stainless fasteners, F593 and F594 call for: (a) tensile requirements about 20% higher than that of commercial 18-8 or stainless hex caps and nuts to MS specifications (MS35307-8. MS34649-50); (b) both a minimum and a maximum tensile and hardness requirements while commercial and MS fasteners do not have a maximum; (c) chemical requirements that are somewhat bizarre, eliminating many commonly used mixtures of 300 or 18-8 stainless while allowing others.
The copper requirements of F593-4 permitting 3%-4% for some grades and no copper for others are senseless.
Metal failure due to stresses that push first in one direction and then another. Fatigue Corrosion is caused by repeated stress in a corrosive atmosphere and is generally not associated with stainless.
Comprising less than 5% of stainless fasteners, mainly type 430, it is magnetic and not hardenable by heat treatment.Though containing no nickel, ferritic stainless has a high chromium content providing greater corrosion resistance than martensitic stainless but much less than austenitic. It is mainly used by the automotive and building industries for decorative trim, architectural hardware, handrails, moldings on various products.
Proponents of fine threads claim: (a) fine threads are stronger in tension because of their larger tensile stress area; (b) because of their larger minor diameters. fine threads develop higher torque and shear strengths; (c) fine threads tap better into thin walls and more easily into hard materials; (d) fine threads require less torque to develop equivalent preloads, since they offer more resistance to vibration.
Normally referring to threads, fit is a measure of the tightness of mating parts.
Occurs when vibration causes a stainless fastener to continually rub against another surface, resulting in the passive oxide film on stainless rubbing off. Fretting corrosion might occur in high tensile fasteners such as martensitic stainless.
When the shoulder of a fastener equals the outside or major diameter of the threaded portion.
When two metals or fasteners stick together and cannot be easily loosened. In tightening fasteners, for example, pressure builds on threads as metals rub against each other, and the passive film preventing corrosion on stainless may not form due to lack of oxygen. Heat contributes to galling caused by high speed fastener installation. A reduced wrench speed can help. Thread lubrication is the most effective treatment for galling.
An accelerated degree of corrosion occurring when two different metals are in contact with moisture, particularly sea water. All metals have what is termed a specific electric potential, so that low level electric current flows from one metal to another. A metal with a higher position in the galvanic series will corrode sacrificially rather than one with a lower position, meaning stainless, for example, will corrode before gold.The further apart the metals on the chart, the more electric current will flow and the more corrosion will occur. No serious galvanic action will occur by combining the same metals, only dissimilar ones.To prevent galvanic corrosion, use insulation, paint or coatings when separating dissimilar metals; or put the metal to be protected next to a metal which is not important in the assembly, so it can corrode sacrificially.
A threaded cone point usually having a point angle of 45-50 degrees.
The unthreaded part of a fastener.
A chamfer at the end of a fastener formed at the time of heading but before threading.
Heating often combined with cooling at controlled temperatures in order to strengthen and harden a fastener.
Heating metal to red-hot temperatures or temperatures above the recrystallization point to soften it before shaping a fastener. Hot forging is primarily used when the diameter of the metal is too large for cold forming or the quantity required is too small to economically set up a cold-forming machine.
Hydrogen trapped under the surface of a fastener can later cause ruptures. It is generally associated with carbon and alloy steels, not stainless. There may be no external signs of corrosion before a break occurs.
Random samples of fasteners taken at differ¬ent process points in the manufacture for testing comformance.
A technical term describing corrosion at grain boundaries (various outside portions) of a fastener. It can occur when fasteners are heated above 800 degrees during use, such as welding, which changes the chromium-carbon bond in stainless, thus allowing in¬creased oxidation and corrosion. To prevent intergranular corrosion, low carbon stainless should be used, or material should be annealed and quenched after exposure to elevated temperatures, so the carbon is put back into an austenitic stainless bond.
A thinner nut that is "jammed" against another nut to prevent loosening.
A heavy malleable ductile metal that increases machineability.
Opposite of commonly used fasteners. With left hand thread, a nut would be tightened on a bolt by turning it counterclockwise.
A particular size of fastener processed from the same raw material heat and same production process.
Random samples taken from the same lot of fasteners for quality inspection. Maximum lot size for inspection purposes should not exceed 250,000 pieces; thus, lots over 250,000 would require additional samples.
MS – Stands for Military Standards. The overriding characteristic of MS fasteners compared to commercial products is the extensive inspection and lot traceability for MS, guaranteeing the chemical, physical and dimensional qualities. While commercial fasteners may look similar and happen to pass many tests given MS products, the commercial fasteners lack the pedigree of guaranteed quality for chemical, physical and dimensional aspects that users who order MS fasteners rely on.
Same as free machining. Refers to the malleable characteristics of metal when cutting or forming on screw machines.
As related to stainless fasteners. 300 series stainless is non-magnetic in its raw material condition. Cold working can sometimes induce traces of magnetism in 300 series, depending on the severity of cold working and chemical composition of the stainless. A rise in magnetism is related to an increase in tensile strength and work hardening caused by the heat and friction of cold forming and does not reduce corrosion resistance or cause any molecular change in austentic raw material. A higher portion of nickel can increase stability in stainless, thus decreasing work hardening and any possibilities of magnetism. Brass and silicon bronze are non-magnetic. Many stainless specs including MS hex head cap screws allow 2.0 magnetic permeability which translates to low/medium magnetism. Magnetic permeability of 1.0 translates to a very slight, glancing magnetism.
Test simply determines the level of magnetism. MAJOR DIAMETER – Largest or outside diameter of the screw threads.
A non-magnetic metal which improves strength and hardness.
Comprising approximately 5% of stainless fasteners, martensitic refers mainly to stainless types 410, 416, and 420. Named for Robert Martens, a German metallurgist, martensitic grades have a high carbon content which reduces corrosion resistance but allows a sharp increase in tensile strength after heat treatment. Because of its high tensile strength, martensitic stainless is used for highly stressed parts such as control rod mechanisms, valves, shafts and pump parts. Martensitic stainless is magnetic, contains no nickel, loses toughness in very cold temperatures, and may have a tendency to become brittle. Its corrosion resistance is not as good as austentic or ferritic stainless, so martensitic fasteners are used in mild atmospheres.
Made on a screw ma¬chine or lathe by cutting material away from the original piece of metal. It is used for manufacturing very large diameters which cannot be cold formed and for small quantities where it would not be economical to set up cold forming equipment. However, machining can interrupt the grain of metal causing a lessening in tensile and fatigue strength.
The inside or smallest diameter of the screw threads.
Nicknamed moly, molybdenum is a metal added to 316 stainless steel, sharply increasing its corrosion resistance to chlorides and sulfates, especially various sulfurous acids in the pulp industry. Molybdenum helps reduce hardness and increase tensile strength at higher temperatures. Molybdenum is also added to Marutex® self-drilling screws made of 410 stainless to significantly increase corrosion resistance.
A metal added to 300 series stainless to provide corrosion resistance, increased strength in both high and low temperatures. and increased toughness in low temperatures. Nickel lowers the effects of work hardening, thus reducing traces of magnetism caused by cold forming and making material flow more freely in manufacturing. The addition of nickel to stainless prevents stainless from becoming brittle at sub-zero temperatures and in¬creases its high temperature properties.
Metals without iron. Brass and silicon bronze are nonferrous; stainless is often characterized as non-ferrous, but that is not correct.
Old term for truss head.
A very confusing term, since the common usage has taken on a different meaning than the technical definition. In Star's experience, users (including engineers) of commercial fasteners seldom mean the old technical terminology. Technically, passivating is not cleaning but is a process of dipping fasteners into a nitric acid solution to rapidly form a chromium oxide on the surface of the material, creating a passive film that protects stainless from further oxidation (see Passive Film). The purpose of passivating is to remove both grease left from manufacturing and traces of steel particles which may have rubbed off manufacturing tools onto the fastener. In common commercial parlance (meaning non-military and aerospace), passivating means cleaning to users, and the terms "passivating" and "cleaning" are used interchangeably. A wide range of cleaning methods using different mixtures containing nitric, phosphoric and other acids or simply exposing cleaned stainless fasteners to air for a period of time will result in a "passivated" condition. For fasteners that have been properly cleaned, it is impossible to determine the method of cleaning or passivation that was used. AN/MS/NAS fasteners sold by Star have been cleaned, descaled, and passivated to the applicable engineering specifications.
The major characteristic of stainless is its ability to form a thin layer of protection called a "passive film" on its outside surface. This film results from a continual process of low-level oxidation, so oxygen from the atmosphere is needed for the passive film to exist. Once formed, it prevents further oxidation or corrosion from occurring. Even if chipped or scratched, a new passive film on stainless will form.
A non-metallic substance that lowers the rate of oxidation, thereby helping resist corrosion.
Similar to a "B" point, a pilot point is a small (perhaps 1 /8″-1/ 4″) unthreaded blunt portion at the end of a sheet metal or drive screw.
The distance between two adjacent threads measured at the outside diameter of the threads.
Approximately in-between the major and minor diameters.
Type 630 stainless, little used, expensive and not sold as commercial products, it combines corrosion resistance of 300 series stainless with high tensile strength of 400 series.
A test load that a fastener must undergo without showing significant deformation. It is usually 90% of yield strength.
A measurement like elongation which is related to the tensile strength of a fastener. While elongation measures the length of a fastener stretched to its breaking point compared to its original length, reduction of area measures the diameter of a fastener just before breaking compared to its original diameter.
Forming threads on a fastener by pushing or rolling dies against the fastener without any removal of metal. Roll threading. as opposed to cut threading. hardens the material making the threads stronger.
Refers to the minor diameter on screws or the major diameter on nuts.
A discoloring or oxidation on the surface of hot forged fasteners.
Cutting and removing material in order to form a fastener.
The normally sold variety of stainless hex head cap screws, semi finished have the same dimensions as a finished fastener but with generally greater tolerances.
Measured by the push or pull against the side of a fastener until the fastener breaks (for example, moving an object continually against the side of a screw that is protruding from a wall). As a rule of thumb, shear strength is two-thirds of tensile strength. Double Shear Strength is applying a load against a fastener in two places causing the fastener to break into three pieces.
A non-metallic substance that adds strength and toughness to copper to help form a bronze alloy.
An alloy made of 95%-98% copper plus a small amount of silicon added for strength. Small amounts of manganese and aluminum may also be added for strength, and lead may be added for machineability.Silicon bronze is non-magnetic with a high degree of thermal conductivity and high corrosion resistance against sea water, gases, and sewage. It is often used by the utilities industry for pole line hardware and switchgear equipment. mine sweeping, sewage disposal equipment, food machinery, marine applications, plumbing and liquid handling. Surprisingly, silicon bronze is only a low to moderate conductor of electricity, though it is a better conductor than stainless.
A process of heating and removing carbide precipitants (carbon that has broken loose from its stainless steel solution) by heating raw material or a finished fastener to over 1,850 degrees and cooling it quickly, usually in water, so carbon content goes back into the stainless solution.
With the addition of 12% chromium to iron, stainless steel is formed. The chromium protects the iron against most corrosion or red-colored rust; thus the term "stainless" steel. The ability of stainless to form a thin layer of protection on its outside surface, called a "passive film", is its most important characteristic in preventing corrosion (see Passive Film).
The overriding purpose of stainless steel is to provide corrosion resistance against: (a) atmospheric conditions such as carbon dioxide, moisture, electrical fields, sulfur, salt, and chloride compounds; (b) natural and artificially produced chemicals (c) extremes of weather where cold temperatures cause brittleness and hot temperatures reduce strength and increase corrosion. For more information, see Austenitic, Martensitic, Ferritic, and Precipitation Hardening. When iron or ordinary steel are exposed to air, the oxygen in the air combines with iron to form iron oxide known as rust. When stainless steel is exposed to air or oxygen, a thin layer of film, chromium oxide. forms on the surface. If this film is broken, it will quickly reform if enough oxygen is present.
Punching out parts with dies, usually referring to flat washers. STOVE HEAD – Old term for truss head.
To increase hardness and strength by (a) cold working of raw material by a steel mill or (b) cold forming by a fastener manufacturer, The standards for strain hardened material vary with different specifications. Cold forming by a fastener manufacturer can sharply in¬crease tensile strength and hardness, so that ordinary material from a steel mill may often be used. However, fasteners that are milled from bar will decrease in strength and hardness, so that raw material would need to be strain hardened by a steel mill before milling the fasteners.
Occurs when corrosion causes a highly stressed part (one that is pushed to its maximum tensile strength) to crack. Except for heat treated 400 series stainless, stress corrosion does not normally apply to austenitic stainless, brass, or bronze, since these metals are relatively ductile and not normally used for high tensile operations.
A non-metallic substance found in large quantities by itself or combined with other elements to form sulfates and sulfides. It improves machineability and helps cool material and prevent galling, but its presence lowers the corrosion resistance of stainless.
A gray ductile metal with a high melting point and excellent corrosion resistance against certain chemicals.
To put internal threads in a hole or in a nut. TAP BOLT – Fully threaded bolt.
A common measure to compare the strength of a fastener. It is the load needed to pull the fastener apart.
Class 1 threads are a loose tolerance. Class 2 threads comprise 90% of stainless fasteners and are normal commercial tolerance. Class 3 threads have a stricter tolerance and tighter fit such as socket cap and set screws. No definite relationship exists between tensile strength and tightness or looseness of fit. The symbol "A" added to threads, such as 2A, means external threads (screws), and "B" means internal (nuts).
With the exception of 10/32 diameter. which is extremely popular, coarse thread comprises 90-95% of hex head cap screws and hex nuts sold in 18¬8 stainless, and perhaps 98% of other stainless items including machine screws and socket products. Coarse threads are deeper than fine threads with fewer threads per inch, so coarse threads may have greater protection against thread stripping, better tap in brittle materials, and better fatigue resistance. while fine threads may have better fit in thin-walled materials, higher torque strength, and increased tightness during vibration.
A malleable and ductile metal which increases strength, hardness and corrosion resistance against salt water when added to brass alloys.
A silvery gray metal with high corrosion resistance against salt waters, chlorides, and many acids. It is strong, though lightweight, and very expensive.
Torque is the force used in twisting, such as tightening a fastener. Torsion strength is the amount of force needed to twist a fastener apart. Both measures consider the amount of pressure applied to the fastener and the length of the wrench used in the application.
A fastener's capacity to accept various impacts and shocks.
To flip fasteners around like clothes in a dryer in order to clean fasteners and increase the shininess of stainless. Soap or a cleansing solution are often added.
Indicates "unified" screw threads to "inch" dimensions used in the U.S. as distinguished from metric dimensions.
A type of threads originating around the 1950's with a more rounded fit in order to prevent cracks, reduce loosening due to vibration and slightly increase strength. Possessing a tighter fit, UNJ thread depth is smaller than the usual UN standards with the minor diameter of external threads on screws and internal threads on nuts both increasing. UNJ is used in critical applications by the aerospace and automotive industries.
Where the shoulder of a fastener equals the pitch diameter or less, which means the shoulder is smaller than the outside diameter of the threads. It would indicate that a fastener was not extruded during its manufacture.
A circular rim on the underside of the head of a bolt or on one side of a nut with the purpose of providing a flat bearing surface for the bolt or nut to sit on. A smooth washer face takes away any burrs or imperfections caused by the manufacturing process.
An increased level of hardness caused by cold forming fasteners. Too much work hardening may cause a slight degree of magnetism in austenitic stainless.
The resistance to a load pulling on the middle of a fastener until the fastener shows permanent deformation.
The amount of pressure required to cause permanent deformity.


Shawnee Indian Education has information to help students search for ways to find financial assistance for college.
Biographical information letter including the student's tribe, educational goals, and future plans.
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Mexico hit by 7.0-magnitude earthquake near Acapulco, killing at least 1
Earthquake hits Acapulco, reaches Mexico City
A 7.0 magnitude earthquake rattled the southwest region of Mexico prompting local leaders to appeal for calm in communities impacted.
MEXICO CITY - A powerful earthquake struck near the Pacific resort city of Acapulco on Tuesday night, killing at least one person and causing buildings to rock and sway in Mexico City hundreds of kilometers away.
The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake had a preliminary magnitude of 7 and was centered 17 kilometers northeast of Acapulco.
Guerrero state Gov. Hector Astudillo told Milenio Television late Tuesday night that one person had been killed by a falling post in the town of Coyuca de Benitez near Acapulco.
"We heard loud noise from the building, noise from the windows, things fell inside the house, the power went out," said Sergio Flores, an Acapulco resident reached by phone. "We heard leaking water, the water went out of the pool and you heard people screaming, very nervous people."
Flores said all he could do when it started shaking was hug his wife. He saw people leaving hotels around the bay and some running into parking decks to remove their cars, fearing a collapse.
"We were all worried about some change in the sea, but so far authorities have not said anything about a tsunami alert," he said.
TOPSHOT - View of damaged cars outside a hotel after a quake in Acapulco, Guerrero state, Mexico on September 7, 2021. - A 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck Mexico on Tuesday near the Pacific coast, the National Seismological Service said, shaking buil
Astudillo said the tsunami alert center had not registered any variations in the sea level. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center later said the threat of potential waves had passed.
The mayor of Acapulco, Adela Román, said in statement to the television news outlet Milenio that "there is no really serious situation" so far and no reports of casualties.
"There are nervous breakdowns; people are worried because there have been aftershocks," she said, adding that there are "many gas leaks in many places" as well as some landslides and fallen walls.
Before the first death was reported, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador said via Twitter that authorities in the four states that most felt the earthquake told him there were no victims or serious damage beyond some collapsed walls and falling rocks.
"Fortunately there is not serious damage," he said.
Mexico's National Civil Defense said it was conducting reviews in 10 states, but had not received reports of victims nor serious damage.
Passengers stuck in swaying cable car as powerful earthquake felt in Mexico City
Passengers were stuck in a swaying cable car when a powerful earthquake was felt in Mexico City on September 7, 2021. Credit - Gilberto Romero Glez via Storyful
In Mexico City, more than 320 kilometers (nearly 200 miles) away, the ground shook for nearly a minute in some parts of the capital, but the quake was less evident in other parts. Some people evacuated their buildings briefly, but most quickly went back inside on a rainy night.
"I was at home with my mom and my dogs and the seismic alert started to sound," said Claudia Guarneros, a makeup artist. "My mother was in another room and I started to call her. The house started moving and in the last part of the earthquake the power went out and we couldn't see anything, we just saw some things falling."
Mexico City authorities said there were no early reports of significant damage in the city, though electricity was knocked out in some neighborhoods. Some broken windows in a downtown high rise covered the sidewalk in glass.
Arturo Hernández stood outside the relatively new apartment building he moved into just three years ago. Beside it stood a taller building abandoned since the magnitude-7.1 earthquake of Sept. 19, 2017, in neighboring Puebla state that caused major damage in the capital.
Hernández heard the seismic alarm and made it outside before the ground began to shake. The abandoned building next to his continued to crack and moan for three minutes after the shaking stopped, he said. Asked if he had worried about the damaged building next door, he said, "Always, always."
Tuesday's earthquake occurred four years to the day after a magnitude-8.2 earthquake that struck off the coast of Mexico's southern state of Chiapas, largely destroying the town of Juchitan in neighboring Oaxaca state and killing dozens.
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The Eurozone's Japanification: Recession, unfinished business and a changing of the guard
B-503 (m-rcbg Conference Room)
Susan Gill
The eurozone has some worrying Japan-like qualities—potential growth is weak, demographics are unfavorable and the European Central Bank has extended its foray into unconventional monetary policy to not only buy up bonds but to impose negative rates as well. With most investors and analysts convinced the worst of the euro crisis is behind us, will we look back when the next downturn hits and think "what a wasted recovery?" What does the eurozone need to avoid Japanification and put the euro crisis behind it for good, and what are the prospects for any of that happening? In answering these questions, we'll take a look at the new leadership in Europe not only in national capitals but in Brussels at European institutions and in Frankfurt at the ECB as well.
M-RCBG Senior Fellow Megan Greene will be joined by Carsten Brzeski, The Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies' John F. Kennedy Memorial Policy Fellow 2019 and Chief Economist, ING Germany. https://ces.fas.harvard.edu/people/carsten-brzeskiThis Study Group session is co-sponsored by The Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies (CES).
Megan Greene, M-RCBG Senior Fellow; Carsten Brzeski, The Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies' John F. Kennedy Memorial Policy Fellow 2019 and Chief Economist, ING Germany
Additional Organizers
The Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies (CES)
February 21, 2023 | 12:00 PM
CID Presents: A conversation with Adnan Khan, Chief Economist at the FCDO


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Explore our fantastic Northamptonshire Holiday Ideas. Get inspiration for your next holiday in Northamptonshire.
Mablethorpe Chalet Park has all the amenities you would expect of a Tingdene Park including bar & restaurant, arcades, shop, play area and launderette. Located in Mablethorpe there is lots to do. There are beach-side attractions, 'The Mirage' Amusement & Arcade which has recently undergone a big refurbishment. The Mablethorpe Seal & Wildlife Sanctuary. Co-op and new Lidl store.


Some people love hitting the gym, while others prefer to get their exercise outdoors in the fresh air.
Each to their own. But are there any actual differences in the benefits to your body?
A new study from the University of Innsbruck suggests that the answer is yes.
It compared walking outdoors with similar exercise on the gym treadmill.
Although the outdoor hike was actually more strenuous, the participants believed it to be less strenuous than a similar length stint on a treadmill.
That you're more likely to exercise for longer when out among nature.
In addition, the study revealed another benefit. That people's moods were significantly improved during and after the outdoor activity, with levels of fatigue reduced.
People are more likely to continue an activity they enjoy, so these findings bode well for those trying to get into an exercise regime.
It's the most obvious and easiest way to get the heart pumping in the fresh air. All you need is a pair of running shoes and you're good to go.
Even if ocean swimming isn't your bag, outdoor pools can be found all over Australia. Check out the rock pools at the beach or lap pools in the park. It's the perfect way to exercise and cool off all at the same time during those balmy summer months.
Breathing is such an important part of your yoga practice, so you may as well make sure you're doing it with some top notch fresh air.
These days, there's no shortage of outdoor yoga classes to choose from. Simply grab your yoga mat and head out in time to take in the sun rise.
Perfect for adventurous souls, hiking is also a great way to exercise, particularly for those that aren't that keen on exercising per se.
All those scenic distractions – the trees, the birds, the flowers- can distract you from all the hard slog you are actually doing.
Springing up all over the place, outdoor bootcamps are fast catching up with gyms in terms of sheer popularity.
Trainers bring along a couple of pieces of multifunctional equipment that ensure you get just as good a workout as you would in a gym, with the added benefit of team spirit.
Do you prefer exercising outdoors?


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JK Rowling tells story of alter ego Robert Galbraith
Harry Potter author explains how she gave her crime-writing alter ego Robert Galbraith his name, and why she went undercover for projected series of novels
Liz Bury
Wed 24 Jul 2013 05.52 EDT First published on Wed 24 Jul 2013 05.52 EDT
Pottering no more ... JK Rowling has revealed more about her pseudonymous detective novel. Photograph: Ian West/PA
JK Rowling chose her alter ego of Robert Galbraith by conflating the name of her political hero Robert F Kennedy and her childhood fantasy name "Ella Galbraith", the Harry Potter writer has explained on her alternative persona's official author website.
The author, who was outed last week as the writer of detective novel The Cuckoo's Calling, also confirmed that she has "just finished the sequel" – the first of a projected series featuring sleuth Cormoran Strike – which is to be published in 2014.
Amid the FAQs on the official Robert Galbraith author website, Rowling declared "I successfully channelled my inner bloke!" when editor David Shelley, who first read the novel without knowing who its true author was, said, "I never would have thought a woman wrote that."
The Cuckoo's Calling, shot to No 1 in the hardback fiction charts last week, selling 17,662 copies after Rowling was revealed to be its author, charting above Dan Brown's Inferno at number two, and Second Honeymoon by James Patterson at number three. In the overall UK book charts, it reached third place, behind paperbacks of John Grisham's The Racketeer at No 1, and Rowling's previous adult novel The Casual Vacancy, which also climbed rapidly following the news, at number two.
Writing on the Galbraith website, Rowling reaffirmed the line that the pseudonymous story "was not a leak or marketing ploy by me, my publisher or agent, both of whom have been completely supportive of my desire to fly under the radar. If sales were what mattered to me most, I would have written under my own name from the start, and with the greatest fanfare."
The decision to choose a male pseudonym was driven by a desire to "take my writing persona as far away as possible from me", Rowling said. By choosing as her hero a military man working in national security – taking a lead from former SAS solider and bestselling author Andy McNab – she created an "excuse not to make personal appearances or to provide a photograph".
"When I was a child, I really wanted to be called Ella Galbraith, I've no idea why. The name had a fascination for me. I actually considered calling myself LA Galbraith for the Strike series, but for fairly obvious reasons decided that initials were a bad idea," Rowling said.
"I know a number of soldiers and I'm close to two people in particular who were incredibly generous as I researched my hero's background," Rowling wrote. Her military contacts also helped to construct a fake CV for Robert Galbraith. "One of these friends is from the Special Investigations Bureau. So while Strike himself is entirely fictional, his career and the experiences he's had are based on factual accounts of real soldiers."
Rowling also reveals that lead character's first name "was a gift from his flaky groupie of a mother, is unusual and a recurring irritation to him as people normally get it wrong; we sense that he would much rather be called Bob."
The character of Strike's assistant, Robin, a temporary secretary, grew "largely out of my own experiences as a temp, long ago in London where I could always make rent between jobs because I could type 100 words a minute due to writing fiction in my spare time."
The book's title is taken from A Dirge, the mournful poem by Christina Rossetti which is a lament for one who died too young.
Rowling was "yearning to go back to the beginning of a writing career in this new genre, to work without hype or expectation and to receive totally unvarnished feedback. It was a fantastic experience and I only wish it could have gone on a little longer," she said. Most of the Harry Potter books are "whodunits at heart", she added, saying that she "loves detective fiction".
Its London setting was chosen above Scotland, where Rowling lives, because "you could write about London all your life and not exhaust the plots, settings or history," she said.
Rowling's identity as the author of The Cuckoo's Calling was leaked last week by a friend of one of her lawyers. At that point, the book had sold 8,500 English-language copies across all formats (hardback, eBook, library and audiobook), and received two offers from television production companies.
"The situation was becoming increasingly complicated," Rowling admitted, "largely because Robert was doing rather better than we had expected … but we all still hoped to keep the secret a little longer. Robert's success during his first three months as a published writer (discounting sales made after I was found out) actually compares favourably with JK Rowling's success over the equivalent period of her career."
Lawyer who uncovered JK Rowling's Robert Galbraith alter ego fined £1,000
Christopher Gossage told his wife's best friend that obscure writer of The Cuckoo's Calling was in fact Harry Potter author
JK Rowling directs anger at lawyers after secret identity revealed
Despite sales boost, writer 'disappointed' that partner at law firm revealed crime novelist's identity to his wife's best friend
JK Rowling's identity as crime writer revealed during Twitter discussion
Sunday Times journalist learnt who wrote The Cuckoo's Calling in online exchange with friend of solicitor at Rowling's law firm. By Josh Halliday
JK Rowling signs secret novel twice for charity
First edition copy of The Cuckoo's Calling, signed by JK Rowling and 'Robert Galbraith', will be auctioned online this weekend
JK Rowling's book ruse is a cautionary tale for unknown writers
Joan Smith
Extract: The Cuckoo's Calling by Robert Galbraith
The Cuckoo's Calling by Robert Galbraith – review


(1) Hijras, Eunuchs, apart from binary gender, be treated as "third gender" for the purpose of safeguarding their rights under Part III of our Constitution and the laws made by the Parliament and the State Legislature.
(2) Transgender persons' right to decide their self-identified gender is also upheld and the Centre and State Governments are directed to grant legal recognition of their gender identity such as male, female or as third gender.
(3) We direct the Centre and the State Governments to take steps to treat them as socially and educationally backward classes of citizens and extend all kinds of reservation in cases of admission in educational institutions and for public appointments.
(4) Centre and State Governments are directed to operate separate HIV Sero-surveillance Centres since Hijras/Transgenders face several sexual health issues.
(5) Centre and State Governments should seriously address the problems being faced by Hijras/Transgenders such as fear, shame, gender dysphoria, social pressure, depression, suicidal tendencies, social stigma, etc. and any insistence for SRS for declaring one's gender is immoral and illegal.
(6) Centre and State Governments should take proper measures to provide medical care to TGs in the hospitals and also provide them separate public toilets and other facilities.
(7) Centre and State Governments should also take steps for framing various social welfare schemes for their betterment.
(8) Centre and State Governments should take steps to create public awareness so that TGs will feel that they are also part and parcel of the social life and be not treated as untouchables.
(9) Centre and the State Governments should also take measures to regain their respect and place in the society which once they enjoyed in our cultural and social life.
Assam provides employment and issues identity cards, to transgender persons, as peer educators (PE) under a targeted intervention scheme. The scheme is aimed at reducing the vulnerabilities of the transgender population to HIV/AIDS and covers up to 240 transgender persons.
Assam replied that it has set up a screening committee to issue transgender certificates. Criteria to issue these certificates were not mentioned.
Assam stated that it did not require a medical certificate to grant an identity card as PE to a transgender person.
Assam stated that its government hospitals provide health care to transgender persons, just like to everyone else.
Assam stated that social welfare schemes are at their stage of inception in accordance with the National AIDS Control Organization prescription. It is unclear what 'inception' means in this context.
Assam stated that it conducts counselling programmes for the transgender population.
Assam stated that it holds meetings to spread awareness about the transgender community.
Assam stated that it had set up a transgender and intersex persons NGO crisis committee.
 National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India and Ors. W.P. (Civil) No. 400/2012. Dipika Jain, Gauri Pillai, Surabhi Shukla and Justin Jos, "Bureaucratization of Transgender Rights: Perspective from the Ground 14 SOCIO-LEGAL REVIEW (2018) 98 ["RTI Article"].


Spammers. Bloggers who live on ad revenue. Those... people who post reheated political talking points on every forum on the internet, including this one. Ambulance chasers. Reality TV producers. Reality TV "stars". Professional celebrities. Journalists who write about celebrities. Paparazzi. Daytime TV presenters. The Shopping Channel. Advertising salespeople. Telesales drones. Cabinet ministers. A significant percentage of all civil servants.
All in all, there are probably hundreds of thousands of people in the UK who turn up every morning to do a solid, professional, arduous, and often unrewarding and unsung, job that only has the effect of making the whole country a shittier place. Think Nathan Barley.
The "growth of employment" is not something we should be celebrating.


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This is fantastic! I having been trying to embed my Disqus widget using HTML. Thanks Jotform!
You are welcome! :) Love it too!


TRMS AC, DC voltage measurement; TRMS AC current measurement; Frequency measurement; Resistance measurement; Continuity testing; Capacitance measurement; Diod test; Electric field detection.
TRMS: accurate measurements on sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal signals. Jaw size: 45 mm. • High specification: readings up to 2000 A with excellent accuracy. Autocheck function: automatic detection of AC voltage, DC voltage or resistance. Auto-ranging: user can switch between auto and manual ranging. EF detection: non-contact and probecontact electric field detection. Data Hold: data hold feature freezes the display for later view. Easy to read: large bright LCD screen, 3-5/6 digits, 6000 counts, with backlight.


Through Thursday, November 29, the F.W. Gallery at Woolworth Walk will host a joint exhibition featuring the work of oil painter Patricia Cotterill and bookmaker Darryl Maleike. Cotterill will be displaying a new body of work called "Ancestral Portraits" for this exhibition. "The idea for the Ancestral Portraits theme comes from my love of British history and classical period literature," she says. The portrait subjects are animals dressed in period clothing, including a hare dressed as Mr. Darcy from Pride and Prejudice and an opossum that echoes Marie Antoinette. "In these paintings, I have used period attire to suit the animal's individual character," says Cotterill, who has a graphic design degree from Art College in Lincoln, England.
Maleike will be featuring his one-of-a-kind, leather-covered blank journals, as well as recycled-cover journals and some locally inspired, Coptic bound books for the joint show. The artist and photographer first discovered bookmaking through a class at Penland School of Crafts. "I always loved watching a photograph appear in the developer in a darkroom," says Maleike. "I suppose making a book is a little similar: as the components are put together the book begins to appear. I think visitors will walk away with the appreciation that books and hand journaling are still alive and well in this digital age." The gallery will hold a reception for the artists on Friday, November 2, from 5–7 p.m.


Much is often made of the supposedly still-born Allocator concept in the standard library. However, one very good use of them is in tracking memory.
Unfortunately, Loki's SafeFormat library does not allow for the specification of allocators (or character traits, for that matter), and only uses std::string. So a little horrifying trickery was required.
Step 1: Introduce string_t into the std namespace.
Now, if you've been paying attention this last decade or so you'll know that adding to the std namespace is strictly controlled. I won't go over the rules now; you can look it up. Suffice to say that this action is not allowed.
Of course, needs must, and in this case there's no choice. Since it's just a perf-test program, it's ok. Just don't go using this tactic in production code.
Step 2: Make Loki (and any other code, for that matter) think that std::string_t is std::string.
I warned you it was horrid!
Obviously, this has to be done after steps 1 & 2, otherwise it won't work.
There were a few other dodgy things I had to do to get it to work with some really stupid compilers, but that'll have to wait until another day.