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About Brumaba
BRUMABA
Operating Equipment
Patient Recovery Chairs
Operating stools
Medical disciplines
Aesthetic plastic surgery – Dermatology
ENT / Otorhinolaryngology
Ophthalmology – Eye surgery
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) – Oral Surgery – Dental Implantology
Orthopedics – Outpatient surgery
Fairs & Congresses
Home / About Brumaba
BRUMABA – Operating Tables Made in Germany
BRUMABA ensures a smooth, efficient and long-term economical operating procedure while providing fatigue-free and relaxed working conditions for the surgeon and optimal positioning of the patient. BRUMABA products offer an edge in functionality, ergonomics, reliability and durability. BRUMABA products help to make surgical procedures and medical treatments smooth and effective. Our company stands for innovative, high-quality and well-designed products that customers can rely on 100% at all times.
Continuous growth and regional solidarity
In 1980, Herbert Brustmann, a trained physiotherapist, developed a treatment table with improved comfort for therapists and patients. The success of this couch laid the foundation for our company. By the way, the name BRUMABA originated from the abbreviation of BRUstmann-MAssage-BAnk and has served as the company and brand name of the family business since its foundation.
The family business.
Today, BRUMABA is managed in the second generation by Benedikt and Sebastian Brustmann. The brothers have been active in the company for many years and ensure that BRUMABA's values are actively lived out in every respect.
Our values determine our actions.
Our success is based in large part on our values as a family-owned company. Quality, reliability, a strong sense of "we" and mutual respect are a matter of course for us and give our company stability. The principles of sustainable corporate management – long-term responsibility towards customers, the environment, society and our employees and partners – are an important criterion of our daily actions.
Reliable, robust and durable.
BRUMABA tables, "Made in Germany", are robust and reliable working tools for many years. For over 40 years, we have followed our principle of ensuring that our products have the longest possible service life, from the initial idea to the design and materials used, right through to their long-term operation.
An essential point in new developments of BRUMABA products is therefore, for example, the "backwards compatibility". This allows the use of new accessories also on existing operating tables. "Made in Germany" not only means reliable manufacturing processes in times of crisis, but also effective and reliable cooperation with long-standing suppliers. And technical support for BRUMABA products is also organized out of Germany.
If a BRUMABA operating table is replaced at the end of a long product life, BRUMABA can refurbish such products and provide "second product life". BRUMABA batteries are taken back and either regenerated or disposed of properly.
Get to know BRUMABA!
Schedule an appointment with us.
BRUMABA headquarters in Geretsried
BRUMABA manufactures its operating tables, chairs and accessories at its headquarters in Geretsried, Germany. All products are "Made in Germany". Worldwide, BRUMABA products are available through a network of over 40 BRUMABA certified distributors in over 80 countries.
BRUMABA GmbH & Co KG has been working with a quality management system for many years and is currently certified according to EN ISO 13485:2016. In the future, BRUMABA will continue to develop its set design and quality standards.
BRUMABA GmbH & Co. KG
D-82538 Geretsried
Phone: +49 (0) 8171 / 2672 – 0
Fax: +49 (0) 8171 / 2672 – 10
E-Mail: info(at)brumaba.de
Phone: +49 (0) 8171 / 2672 – 250
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Oral Surgery
© 2023 BRUMABA
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The Young Voices That Are Ending Youth Homelessness
The Young Voices that are Ending Youth Homelessness: A Place 4 Me
Between the ages of 16 and 24, young people go through a crucial stage of growth, with an exponential spike
in cognitive, social and emotional development similar to that of very young children. Unlike those young children, however, adolescents are expected to hold steady jobs, provide for family, and utilize goods and services designed for adults with different needs.
It is no surprise that in this system of unreachable expectations, many of these adolescents in Cuyahoga County find themselves facing severe housing instability with little support.
For more than two decades, Sisters of Charity Foundation of Cleveland has been a close partner to the Cuyahoga County Office of Homeless Services (OHS).While long-term homelessness—experienced most
often by older, single adults—has been reduced significantly through the community's Housing First initiative, the county office noted the challenge of capturing information about 18- to 24-year-olds experiencing homelessness.
Melissa Sirak, program director of the Cuyahoga County Office of Homeless Services (OHS), said that of the 500 to 600 young people seeking emergency housing services each year in Cuyahoga County, nearly one-third do not follow up on the shelter referral they receive.
"We know from national and local data that young people are wary of public systems, are reluctant to seek services in an adult-oriented environment, and often do not seek support through traditional channels," Sirak said. "We can do better for young people experiencing homelessness in our community."
SOCF, OHS, the county Division of Children and Family Services and the YWCA Greater Cleveland formed a series of visioning sessions in 2013 to think about how to support this population and guide them toward housing stability. Through connections in the county offices, the collaborative was able to survey young people on their needs.
"It turns out, we didn't really know anything about this group and we really do need young people to be able to advise us," said Kate Lodge.
Lodge is director of A Place 4 Me, a collective impact initiative centered around the voices and experience of young people facing housing instability. The initiative was created following those 2013 visioning sessions, when it became clear that the community needed to dedicate resources specifically to the unique needs of young people. SOCF Cleveland and the Annie E. Casey Foundation provided initial funding and have remained lead partners over nearly a decade.
With space at the YWCA for hosting meetings and group support conversations, plus a small amount of funding for stipends to compensate young people for their knowledge and time, Lodge built relationships and trust with many young people who sought help.
While A Place 4 Me aims to change the systems that create housing instability for young people, it has also grown into a direct-service resource to those in immediate need. A partnership with the Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative helped build direct-service capacity and provided a valuable model for sustained youth engagement.
In 2016, A Place 4 Me launched the REACH action board, a youth advisory committee comprising young people with lived expertise in housing instability. Initially named as an acronym—Resolution, Education, Awareness, Community, Hope—it's been known simply as REACH in the years since.
Kai, the lead youth navigator at A Place 4 Me, joined the staff at in 2019 after connecting with A Place 4 Me through Opportunity Passport. She joined REACH shortly after that.
"When I first joined REACH, it was scary," Kai said."It's a great place for imposter syndrome, because you've been conditioned not to expect excellence for yourself, but I have built so much confidence in myself as a person and as a young professional."
Kai began her A Place 4 Me staff role as a navigator in early 2019. In 2020, another young professional, Shajuana, joined the staff as a navigator focused on youth aging out of foster care. Kai said the role of the youth navigators is central to helping other young people empower themselves to make change.
Christie Sozio, assistant director of A Place 4 Me, has facilitated the work of the REACH board since its inception. She says she feels a tremendous responsibility to be facing broken systems on their behalf.
"I'm motivated by systems-change work, but it's really difficult to continue to come up against a long history of oppression and bias, and there's a lot of responsibility in that," Sozio said. "But the beauty is to be able to learn from these young people, to step back so they can create the spaces where they feel comfortable and can thrive."
REACH has met monthly since fall 2016. Today, there are 10 young adults who regularly attend meetings and join committees. Over the last several years, REACH board members have educated themselves on youth homelessness data and social determinants of health and homelessness, served on subcommittees in organizations across the county, participated in youth advocacy efforts, and developed, planned and reviewed applicants for A Place 4 Me's youth navigator positions.
"Being a peer to other young people like me is so rewarding," said Kai. "I represent to others that you are not your mistakes or experiences. You can overcome that and be the kind of person you want to be."
Together with several partners, in 2021 A Place 4 Me announced plans to build a new 50-unit supportive housing development designed specifically to serve transition-aged youth aged 18 to 24 (TAY) experiencing homelessness. Supportive housing links well-designed, safe, affordable housing with flexible, voluntary support services designed to help an individual stay housed, meet their goals and thrive in the community. REACH board members led the decision processes for site selection, building design and service providers. Residents in the TAY development will coordinate with property management and service providers to set individual goals related to housing stability, education, employment and well-being.
Now, A Place 4 Me's focus is toward what Sozio calls "one of the biggest dreams of the REACH board"—a low-barrier, "drop-in" resource center where young people can find respite from the sustained trauma of housing instability. With food, hygiene materials, spaces for young children (about 25 percent of young people in this demographic are parents) and community partners in housing and health care access and employment resources, the center seeks to meet young people where they are.
REACH board members and other young adult leaders make up 50 percent of the center's planning team, and they are instrumental in ensuring the center is equipped to care for young people's unique needs.
A Place 4 Me is looking to grow in 2022 and add additional navigators to its team who will work directly with young people at the center. SOCF Cleveland continues to be a close partner and adviser on the center's core planning team.
"Authentically partnering with young people is a newer approach in philanthropy," said Angela D'Orazio, senior program officer for housing at SOCF Cleveland. "The effort to end youth homelessness is about relationships, mutual trust and continuous learning. We work in this new way to achieve results our community has never seen before, and the work is richer and more relevant because of the leadership of young people."
Youth navigator Shajuana said that her collaboration with SOCF is the first time she's been able to partner with a foundation's staff in a way that feels productive.
"It wasn't until I started working for A Place 4 Me that I really saw how things could change for the better," she said. Having gone through the foster care system, she said her trust was eroded by the many unfulfilled promises she heard. "And now I'm working alongside people who recognize that something needs to happen, and they are doing the work to make it actually happen. It's not just talk."
Lodge said that this example is one that SOCF Cleveland set from the beginning.
"If something is going to get done, we can't do it alone," Lodge said. "The team at Sisters of Charity has been
rolling up their sleeves and working alongside us since the very beginning. Thought leadership, communications support, grantwriting, building connections and trusting relationships, Sisters of Charity has been persistent and really taught us what engaged philanthropy is."
SOCF awards $500K in fourth quarter 2022 December 12, 2022 | Ending homelessness
Podcast: Faith-based work with Angela D'Orazio, SOCF program officer November 28, 2022 | Ending homelessness
Housing program officer talks about how faith drives her forward in collaborative efforts to end homelessness.
Cuyahoga County to Receive Nearly $4 Million to End Youth Homelessness October 28, 2022 | Ending homelessness
Our 2021 Annual Report: A Letter from SOCF President & Board Chair September 07, 2022 | Ending homelessness

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You want to check the price of gold before you try to sell something. While you may not be able to get the exact price, it should be somewhat close enough.
You shouldn't just be able to buy your gold jewelry in "bulk", you should be able to sell individual items that you have. The company should be able to give you an individual price on the item that you are looking to sell.
You never want to sell gold to a professional that you just get a "weird" feeling from. If you are going to sell gold for cash, you need to make sure that you only go with professionals who make the process feel professional. It's not just about getting the money; it is about getting the right amount of money.
While there are a lot of options out there for companies that offer Cash For Gold in Tarrytown, NY you want to make sure that you go with a company that you know you can trust. There are too many companies out there who don't offer a fair price for gold; you don't want to be stuck in a situation where you are losing a lot of money on selling your gold. One highly rated option that you are going to want to consider is going to be Michael Matthews Jewelers.


Indonesia's President Yudhoyono was first elected in 2004.
Since then, Indonesia has suffered a number of disasters including earthquakes and a major tsunami.
Some Indonesians think Yudhoyo is jinxed.
Who does not like the Indonesian president?
Permadi is an Indonesian politician and shaman.
"Just look at the numbers of his birth date - the ninth of the ninth, '49 - that's unlucky. The more he holds on to power, the more great disasters will happen."
However, many see Yudhoyono's birth date as lucky.
Indonesia's media has had news stories about 'divine symbols' appearing after the quake.
These have included a ring-shaped sun surrounded by a rainbow; and God's name, written in Arabic, appearing in the clouds.
Aceh's Mad Islamists; the CIA.


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InphantaXBigbootyxxJandDXXXKENDHAL .Ansi18AnsiMCmicky4umilashaaEveraExotic .InphantaCapnTravXXX3Guys4youmanuel3003 .threerealsexxJessyVixxenbeautyplayerSexyLatinaxts .bobandzack29AshleyNancythreerealsexxCapnTravXXX .PrincessMelissaPrincessMelissaDenisePaigeJesseAndJane .JoJoPantysbigggBoyGiaBarbaralikesxymarek .MissLollaCoxAronXBigbootyxxMayaPrettyGirl .LorenaEdison2FantasticCUMMsxymarekXMissMaryX .NataliaSnowXOXOXEveraExoticbeautyplayerSecretBabyGirl .ViolettaBreezeXMissMaryXAkiraDolllDivaPerverse .
FckHardAndWildFetishTeenSubwetpussy4uRomanticDoris .KhalifaUrLittleMisstresolibboBatmanandIvy .MayaPrettyGirlcamila320OhCaramelFunAnsi18Ansi .CoxAronElyssaHamiltonMayaPrettyGirlcamila320 .HelgawaitCockPrincessMelissaBRUNETTENIMPHxxxsxymarek .JessyVixxenFetishTeenSubwetpussy4uDignySpice .MayaPrettyGirlStunningLexyBARKXD2FantasticCUMM .PrincessMelissasweetbooby4uCapnTravXXXAshtonSevenInch .NataliaSmithAichinaSexyElyssaHamiltonLUVKINKY .InphantaBRUNETTENIMPHxxxAlasSinnXDignySpice .JesseAndJaneashiaFoxySexyBlondSteveKhalifa .


222 Condominium Jalan Semarak Api Off Jalan Gombak Setapak Klcc & Kl Tower View Freehold!
There are 105 properties for this search updated over the last 24 hours, 312 updated last week, 529 updated over the last 2 weeks and 970 over the course of last month.
91% of the properties for sale have pictures. On average an advert for Condominium Klcc Tower has 1.467 pictures.
The most sought after number of bedrooms in Klcc is 3, followed by 1 and 4.
Out of all your matches we found the average price per square feet within this search is RM 698.61/sq feet, with an average cost of RM 619,164.29 and an area of 886 sq.feet.


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text:
Q: Laravel 5.7 login with Laratrust, Routing fails with wrong route to "/home" I wanted to give laratrust a shot, but I ran into some trouble with the routing.
Let me explain in brief, what I did so far.
I've created a new laravel app as described in the laravel docs. Then I used the make:auth generator to generate everything needed for standard login/registration. That works great. Now I am on a point, where laratrust kicks in. After installation I did everything as described in the laratrust docs. Additionally I went with DevMarketer's "Build an advanced blog" series on youtube, to get laratrust to work.
The problem is now, that a login (i.e. as admin) leads me to https://myapp.local/public/home instead to https://myapp.local/public/admin/dashboard as defined so in the controller. If I edit the url after login to reach the dashboard, it works well and the dash appears. Why not after my login attempt?! Any ideas are welcome.
The urls above are just examples. So don't be confused while have a look into my "AdminController":
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\User;
use app\Role;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class AdminController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        return redirect()->route('administration.dashboard');
    }

    public function dashboard()
    {
        return view('backend.dashboard');
    }

My routes:
<?php
    Route::get('/', function () {
        return view('welcome');
    });

    Auth::routes();

    /**
     * Admin routes
     */
    Route::prefix('administration')->middleware('role:superadministrator|administrator')->group(function () {
        Route::get('/', 'AdminController@index');
        Route::get('/dashboard', [
            'uses' => 'AdminController@dashboard',
            'as' => 'administration.dashboard',
        ]);
    });

So, maybe its too late for me and I won't see my mistake. Can anybody help me out? Thanks guys. Good night.

A: Sorry guys,
I found the answer myself. I just saw, that I forgot to customize the LoginController.

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text:
CAES / Bee Program / Protecting Pollinators / Pollination / Background
The Benefits of Insect Pollination
Insect Pollinators
Dwindling Wild Bees
Many valuable crops benefit from insect pollination; the transfer of pollen from the male parts of a flower to the female part of a flower. Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen among different plants or varieties of the same species. This process increases fruit yield and, often, the size of the fruit. Honey bees are important pollinators because they can be managed and easily moved to crop sites. In the United States, the added value to agriculture from honey bee pollination is over $14 billion annually, and many beekeepers earn extra income from renting colonies for pollination. In Georgia, bee hives are rented to pollinate apples, blueberries, cucumbers and watermelons. Professional recommendations vary for the number of hives needed for good pollination, but for these crops 1-2 colonies per acre is commonly used. If the pollen is compatible, fertilization of the ovule and seed formation occur. Generally, more seeds develop when large numbers of pollen grains are transferred. Seeds, in turn, stimulate surrounding ovary tissue to develop so that, for example, an apple with many seeds will be larger than one with fewer seeds. In this way, good pollination improves both fruit yield and size.
Many insects visit flowers to collect pollen and nectar as food. As they forage, these insects spread pollen grains among flowers, accomplishing pollination. Many flowers offer sugary liquid nectar as an added enticement for these pollinating insects. Among insect pollinators, bees are especially efficient because they eat pollen and nectar exclusively, visit many flowers of the same species during a single trip, and have hairy bodies which easily pick up pollen grains.
There are over 3000 species of bees in North America. Most of these are solitary bees, but a well-known minority are social, that is, they live together in colonies and cooperate in colony tasks. Both solitary and social species are important in crop pollination, but the social species - namely honey bees and bumble bees - are more easily managed.
Compared to honey bees, some wild bees pollinate certain crops more efficiently because of unique and desirable behaviors. For example, Southeastern blueberry bees buzz-pollinate blossoms by shaking pollen from the flower with high frequency muscle vibrations; for blueberry, this greatly improves pollination efficiency.
In many parts of the country, fruit and vegetable growers are concerned about declining numbers of wild bees. Human activities destroy bee habitat and forage. Generally, growers are receiving less "free" pollination from wild bees and increasingly they must make up for this by renting managed honey bee hives during bloom periods.
The Flower and the Fruit
Managing Bees for Pollination
Other Pollinating Bees
Establishing a Bee Pasture
Crop Pollination Requirements
Protecting Pollinators from Pesticides
Table of Insecticides and Miticides
Plants for Year-round Bee Forage


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text:
The Plutonium Café
Biological Weapons
Biological Defense
Biological Security
Meta Discussions
Hanford Site
Cold War History
Nuclear Terrorism
« Presidents Obama and Medvedev Announce a New START Treaty
What's Next With New START? »
Getting A New START On The Road To Nuclear Arms Reductions
By Page | Published: March 28, 2010
Also published here.
President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev head to a signing ceremony and press conference in the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia, July 6, 2009. (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza)
As most of you know, this past week, Presidents Barack Obama and Dmitri Medvedev announced something that those of us interested in arms control had been anticipating for almost a year: a new strategic nuclear arms reduction treaty, or New START. Since it will be signed on April 8, 2010 in Prague, some are proposing we call it the Prague Treaty.
On the day of the Obama-Medvedev announcement, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates summed it up:
The subject of America's nuclear deterrent and this treaty carries special personal meaning for me. My professional career began as a junior Air Force Officer under the Strategic Air Command, and my first assignment 43 years ago was at Whiteman Air Force Base, then home to 150 Minuteman ICBMs. Since 1971, I have been involved in strategic arms negotiations in different capacities at CIA and here at the NSC. And I particularly recall the day President Reagan signed the Intermediate Range Nuclear Treaty, which marked the transition from arms control to disarmament. That process accelerated with START and reaches another important milestone with this treaty.
The journey we have taken from being one misstep away from mutual assured destruction to the substantial arms reductions of this new agreement is testimony to just how much the world has changed and all of the opportunities we still have to make our planet safer and more secure.
The first START treaty, START I, was signed by President George H. W. Bush and President Gorbachev in 1991. The Cold War had just ended; the Soviet Union had broken up, and the circumstances under which the treaty was signed were complicated, to say the least.
Since then, a lot has changed in both of our countries, and in our relationship. From the beginning of the Cold War to the present, it has been a rocky road; you can think of the START treaties as appliance maintenance agreements that have to be renewed, while the ownership of this rather large and complicated appliance keeps changing.
That said, the significance of this agreement cannot not be understated. Though it is routine to renew a treaty, it has been done by two presidents who have verbally emphasized their support for nuclear abolition. Finalizing a New START agreement is an important step in this goal.
The Nitty-Gritty: Numbers, Verification, and Missile Defense
The White House press release gives the limits on warheads as laid out in New START:
1,550 warheads.Warheads on deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs count toward this limit and each deployed heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments counts as one warhead toward this limit.
This limit is 74% lower than the limit of the 1991 START Treaty and 30% lower than the deployed strategic warhead limit of the 2002 Moscow Treaty.
A combined limit of 800 deployed and non-deployed ICBM launchers, SLBM launchers, and heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments.
A separate limit of 700 deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and deployed heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments.
This limit is less than half the corresponding strategic nuclear delivery vehicle limit of the START Treaty.
Nuclear arms control analyst Pavel Podvig breaks it down further, and uses the word that I've been hearing from many other experts: this is a modest treaty, defining modest reductions. This assessment is based on a number of things, such as the counting rules for warheads (as mentioned by the Federation of American Scientists' Hans Kristensen here, and in the comments at the Nukes of Hazard here).
I participated in a conference call with senior White House officials on Friday. Part of the discussion involved verification procedures, the specifics of which will become available once the treaty is signed, of course. The officials emphasized that the new treaty builds a strong verification regime (transparency, via inspections, etc.), and that the general importance of having this treaty is:
… if we have this information, that can help us build a more trusting relationship. When you don't have the information, then your natural tendency — and for some in the US government, it's their obligation — is to do worst-case scenario planning, to think about the worst, and that leads to a dangerous spiral, and unintended consequences. So that's the first thing.
I asked a specific question about the role of ballistic missile test data (telemetry) discussions in the overall New START negotiations. They said this was, indeed, a sticking point during the negotiations; the bigger picture is:
[Telemetry is] a valuable tool, and ultimately what we decided to do was include telemetry here, as basically a confidence-building and transparency measure, even though it's not required specifically to monitor this particular treaty.
So it's a positive sign that we were ultimately come to an agreement to put it into the treaty, even though there's no specific requirement to have it in the treaty.
Let me just say this loudly and clearly, so the people over at the Heritage Foundation can hear it:
There will be no constraints on missile defense in the New START treaty.
One of the biggest roadblocks encountered in the treaty negotiations was probably the Russian concerns about our new ballistic missile defense plans. As I learned from senior White House officials, there will be some language in the treaty preamble acknowledging an interrelationship between offensive and defensive missiles, but there will be no constraints on our missile defense system. They very specifically said that "The statements are not unilateral statements." and that we have not agreed to any unilateral statements, though they have been discussed, and there has been some attempt to plant seeds of concern about such statements.
The White House officials also emphasized the rather significant role the two presidents played in the treaty negotiations. When things got tense regarding missile defense, President Obama called President Medvedev and warned him that we'd have to walk away from the treaty if Medvedev insisted on limitations on missile defense. This effectively broke the logjam, and the treaty negotiations gained momentum from there.
One final missile defense note: please read more about New START and missile defense in Kingston Reif's March 3, 2010 post at the Nukes of Hazard. Although he wrote it before the treaty was finalized, it's still applicable, and outlines why the meme that "missile defense will derail New START" is an overblown concern.
The Big Picture: Why Is New START Important?
I asked Daryl Kimball, the Executive Director of the Arms Control Association, exactly that question. What's the larger significance of New START? His answer:
The big picture is that the United States and Russia have agreed to verifiably slash bloated, Cold War nuclear arsenals, and to maintain a system of monitoring and verification to ensure both sides are confident about what one another is doing. That's critically important towards moving towards a world without nuclear weapons, maintaining better US-Russian relations, opening the possibility for cooperation between the US and Russia in other important areas, and pressing other countries, whether they have nuclear weapons, they don't have them, or they're thinking about having them, to do their part.
Although the limits defined in the treaty are being called "modest", finalizing the treaty itself is something that was absolutely critical, and had to be done. The overarching theme is that we need the treaty not just as a stabilizing force between the world's two largest nuclear powers, but as an example to other countries.
The story doesn't end here, of course. The US Senate and the Russian Duma both have to ratify the treaty, which is a whole other issue. There is bipartisan support in the US (see Senator Kerry's statement, and Senator Lugar's statement, as well as John Isaacs' comments here). But, as we all know, every issue taken up in the Senate these days is a huge battle, and although the treaty explicitly does not limit missile defense, you can be sure that there will be considerable argument over it anyway.
We'll know more details when the treaty text is available, of course. We'll also learn more when the Nuclear Posture Review comes out, hopefully in a few weeks.
In the meantime, keep in mind the long road taken to get to this treaty, and how much the world has changed. We still have thousands upon thousands of nuclear weapons, which is why arms reduction treaties are so critical. Without having them in place, with their verification procedures, there is no way to trust that what other countries are doing is legitimate.
Treaties build trust. I'm very glad that New START will be signed soon, but we've got to get it through the Senate. It's critical to our national security that we do it as quickly as possible.
This entry was posted in New START, Nuclear Weapons and tagged New START, Nuclear Weapons, President Barack Obama, President Dmitri Medvedev, Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. Bookmark the permalink. Post a comment or leave a trackback: Trackback URL.
We Were All Equal In The End
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Mitt Romney: Dazed And Confused on New START
On Pundits, Politicians, and Listening to the Experts
Center for Arms Control And Non-Proliferation
Expaticats
Institute for Science And International Security
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Nukes of Hazard
Hugo on The Environmental Legacy of the Cold War: Progress, Problems, and the Big Picture
Page on Mitt Romney: Dazed And Confused on New START
Josh on Cleaning Up After The Cold War: Hanford's Tank Waste
Mark Lincoln on Mitt Romney: Dazed And Confused on New START
Andrew on We Were All Equal In The End
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Avengers: Endgame's global press tour has already started off and Robert Downey Jr. is more in a dancing mood than talking in his possible final press tour and his latest Instagram posts are a proof of the same. Downey has been posting some cool dancing videos of himself with his jukebox. He has again posted a dancing video, and in the same, we can see him sashaying through an area where all the statues of superheroes are erected. The slow-mo video is shot by his assistant Jimmy and it is delightful.
Speaking of the movie, the same is the most awaited film and also concludes the Infinity Saga. The movie is all set to release on April 26. The pre-sale of tickets has already broken a lot of records. What are your views on his dancing videos? Let us know in the comments section below.


This is considered the most serious offence of all and carries with it the lengthiest custodial sentence available to the Courts. If you are facing a Murder charge it is essential that you engage the services of a specialist criminal lawyer.
As the offence of Murder can be made out with different levels of culpability – reckless or intentional killing – there are many issues to be considered before entering a plea.
Did you voluntarily commit acts which caused the victim's death? Did you intend to cause serious injury or death by your actions? Did you have any justification for your actions, such as self-defence?
Due to the seriousness of the offence, any guilty plea will still result in a custodial sentence. Please read below for more information in relation to this charge.
Section 3 of the Crimes Act 1958 and the Common Law.
The defendant did not have a lawful justification or excuse for those acts (such as self-defence, provocation, duress or sudden or extraordinary emergency).
Level 1 imprisonment being a maximum of life imprisonment.
Murder cases can only be heard in the Supreme Court of Victoria.
See an experienced criminal lawyer urgently. Murder cases are often complex, and thorough preparation is critical. Don't delay.
If you have been charged with Murder make an appointment to see one of our experienced lawyers today.


So how to get rid of this snake-in-the-grass snakegrass?
I am unable to convince all the neighbour-hood kids to weed it by showing them flute or whistle properties of the pernicious plant. Even creating intricate headbands, necklaces and wristbands and wearing them on around-the-block walks has failed to entice even the most curious of lot kids to mimic creation of these articles.
I've put together a bunch of different pieces of information from all over the world and essentially it appears it is bloody hard to control. So I am not sure what to do!
Snake Grass Equisetum is a naturally dried tall tubular grass. They are dark green with a pencil-size diameter, segmented and approximately 2 1/2 feet tall.
It is also more commonoy called "horsetails". I found you can buy it online and in floral shops by the bunches. Apparently its bamboo like features make it kinda spiffy for some styles of flower arrangments. Well! Perhaps we will let it grow and sell it off to floral shops. I'll let you know how that goes! I suppose if you got enough of it and stuck it in a vase all by itself it might actually look kind of interesting. If I try it before weeding it all out, I'll add the photo of how it looks here.
There are at least sixteen (16) species of Equisetum, generally referred to as horsetail. The main forms are the leafless scouring rush which has green stems with two black bands at the stem joints and, the major troublemaker, is field horsetail (Equisetum arvense) also sometimes called mares tail, horse pipes or snake grass.
The horsetails or scouring rushes are a group of perennial plants intermediate between the ferns and club-mosses. Like the ferns they possess a more or less branching, creeping rootstock which persists from year to year and sends out new shoots each year.
The rootstock of the field horsetail develops also short tuber-like branches, which act as storehouses of reserve material. As in some of the ferns, the rootstock sends up two distinct kinds of leaf-shoots, a fertile and a sterile shoot, each of which is distinctly jointed and hollow. The fertile stems, which bear the spores, or reproductive bodies, appear early in May, before the sterile or vegetative shoots have yet unfolded.
They are from four to ten inches high, usually unbranched, light-brown, with darker brown, scale-like leaves arranged in circles at each joint or node. At the apex of each fertile stem is a group of sporophylls known as the cone, from which the spores fall to the ground and produce new plants.
The spores are round, and each is furnished with two spiral bands or elaters (so attached as to appear to be four) which assist in its dispersal. The sterile stems are from four to twenty inches high, bright green, grooved, with angled, solid branches.
Horsetail is native to North America, and is typically found in gravelly or sandy soil from Newfoundland to Alaska and my frontyard.
The tenacious root system of horsetail makes long term control a very difficult prospect.
An integrated control approach can help alleviate the problem. Improve drainage and encourage growth of a healthy perennial grass cover. Cut or burn fertile stems prior to spore formation to reduce spread potential. Porous landscape fabrics or black plastic mulch effectively prevent horsetail growth. Sawdust or bark mulches are ineffective. Deep cultivation can be effective in the short term. Be aware that rhizomes cut into very short pieces will regenerate. Shallow cultivation and dragging the rhizomes are not advised.
This weed may be held in control by draining, enriching, and cultivating the ground. It thrives best in sandy or gravelly soil that is wet in the spring and early summer, or where the underlying water is not far from the surface of the soil. Good drainage and good cultivation will eventually exterminate it as, although the rootstocks lie lower than the depth of ordinary cultivation, they will starve if the green food-producing shoots are kept cut.
Few herbicides are registered for control and their use is dependent on the situation in which horsetail grows. Casoron (dichlobenil) can be used in many woody ornamentals, tree fruits, nurseries and shelterbelts and in raspberries, cranberries and blueberries.
Amitrol-T (amitrol) controls horsetail in non-cropped areas and established shelterbelts. Various MCPA formulations will provide topgrowth control in grass pastures and cereals.
Before use of any herbicide READ THE LABEL to ensure it is registered for your cropping situation. Follow label directions!
The harmfulness of field horsetail has for many years been the subject of much discussion and difference of opinion but some studies have suggested it can kill livestock when eaten in large enough quantities. The toxic principle has not been determined.
Horses suffer most from eating this weed in the hay, particularly young horses. It is also known to be injurious to sheep, but there is a difference of opinion as to its effect upon cattle. The weed does not appear to be as poisonous when eaten in a green state. This may be due to the laxative properties of other fresh food eaten at the same time, or to the fact that the plant is not as common in pastures as in meadows and, in consequence, is not eaten to the same extent. Animals grazing in pastures containing horsetail, should be watched and removed from the field of danger at the first symptoms of poisoning.
The first general symptoms are a certain excitement, unthriftiness, diarrhoea, good appetite; later, staggering gait, partial loss of motive power, craving for the weed, pulse accelerated, respiration difficult, sometimes convulsions and death or a state of unconsciousness and coma. Sometimes the attack is very acute, death occurring in a few hours; usually, however, the disease lasts from a few days to several weeks.
The first and most important thing to be done is to change the food. Remove all hay and bedding containing equisetum. Administer a purgative (something that makes the animals vomit), such as raw linseed oil or aloes, to remove any undigested portion of the plant, and give stimulants, camphor, or powdered nux vomica with grain feed three times a day. Blisters along the spine are beneficial (Friedberger and Frohner). In severe cases, slings should be used to support the animal before it loses the power to stand. If this treatment is begun in time, the animals will recover in practically all cases.


text:
This Australian School Is Keeping the Uniforms — But Ditching the Gender Uniformity
By Marie Solis
Students at Newtown High School of the Performing Arts in New South Wales, Australia, are reshaping the concept of school uniforms.
After students urged the administration to revise its uniform policy, the school enacted a more gender inclusive one last week.
Read more: Teen Protesting Her School's Dress Code Was Forced By the Principal to Kneel
Previously, students wishing to wear "cross-gender" uniforms required written permission from their parents and a psychologist. Jo Dwyer, an 11th-grader who lobbied for the measure, told the Sydney Morning Herald the measure "wasn't really a possibility for some students whose parents aren't supportive of their gender identity."
Students at Newtown High School for Performing Arts when 2012 Australian of the Year, Geoffrey Rush, visited. Brendon Thorne/Getty Images
Twitter users rejoiced that the school was taking a step in the right direction:
The policy outraged some groups. Wendy Francis, spokeswoman for the Australian Christian Lobby, told the Herald, "To encourage a guy to wear a dress would just be setting him up for bullying."
Francis re-emphasized the group's stance to Vice: "These gender theory ideas go way beyond anti-bullying to almost proselytizing."
While Newtown is the first Australian school to adopt the gender-neutral stance on uniforms, according to the Herald, the Safe School Coalition in Australia is encouraging all schools to follow suit (or dress).
"For students affirming an identity that is neither male nor female, provisions could be considered by the school for the student to wear elements of the uniform they feel most comfortable with," the coalition stated on its website.
h/t Jezebel


Multiple options in one machine, iCapsol Interim Cleaning, and deep extraction cleaning.
Floating dual counter-rotating brushes agitate and permeate the cleaners into both sides of the carpet nap for even, thorough cleaning and improved carpet appearance. No operator adjustment needed.
The DUO machines provide exceptional maneuverability and visibility; their compact design makes it easy to operate in small areas.
Dual floating vac shoes with glides provide consistent contact even over uneven surfaces for unmatched cleaning with no operator adjustment needed.
Easy-to-use cleaning mode selection eliminates operator error and requires no mechanical changeover to switch modes.
Dual quick connect spray jets set for interim and deep extraction cleaning.
Dual counter-rotating brushes for agitating and permeating cleaners into carpet nap in one pass.
Dual overlapping vacuum shoes with glides minimize wear to carpet and provide consistent contact over uneven surfaces.
Optional fast and simple battery exchange system to provide extended run time.
"Our company called this team some time ago to buy Commodore DUO and DUO Deluxe produced by Windsor from their range of machines. Commodore DUO and DUO Deluxe operates without failure Thank you very much for honest price and impeccable customer assistance."


text:
package com.tomeokin.lspush.biz.home;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.graphics.Palette;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.bumptech.glide.Glide;
import com.bumptech.glide.load.engine.DiskCacheStrategy;
import com.bumptech.glide.request.animation.GlideAnimation;
import com.bumptech.glide.request.target.BitmapImageViewTarget;
import com.github.jorgecastillo.FillableLoader;
import com.github.jorgecastillo.State;
import com.github.jorgecastillo.listener.OnStateChangeListener;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.R;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.biz.base.BaseActivity;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.biz.base.support.BaseActionCallback;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.biz.collect.CollectionTargetActivity;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.biz.common.UserScene;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.biz.usercase.collection.CollectionAction;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.util.ImageUtils;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.util.StringUtils;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.data.model.BaseResponse;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.data.model.Collection;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.data.model.Image;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.injection.ProvideComponent;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.injection.component.CollectionEditorComponent;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.injection.component.DaggerCollectionEditorComponent;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.injection.module.CollectionModule;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.ui.widget.dialog.OnActionClickListener;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.ui.widget.dialog.SimpleDialogBuilder;
import com.tomeokin.lspush.ui.widget.tag.TagGroup;

import java.util.List;

import javax.inject.Inject;

import butterknife.BindDimen;
import butterknife.BindInt;
import butterknife.BindView;
import butterknife.ButterKnife;
import timber.log.Timber;

public class CollectionEditorActivity extends BaseActivity
    implements BaseActionCallback, ProvideComponent<CollectionEditorComponent>, OnActionClickListener {
    //public static final String REQUEST_RESULT_COLLECTION = "request.result.collection";
    //private static final String EXTRA_COLLECTION = "extra.collection";

    private static final int REQUEST_IMAGE_URL = 201;

    private CollectionEditorComponent mComponent;
    private Collection mCollection;
    private Image mImage = new Image();
    private boolean mIsPostingCollection = false;
    private boolean mHasChange;

    @BindDimen(R.dimen.list_item_max_content) float mMaxContentHeight;
    @BindInt(R.integer.svg_stroke_drawing_duration) int mStrokeDrawingDuration;

    @BindView(R.id.toolbar) Toolbar mToolbar;
    @BindView(R.id.toolbar_action_close) ImageButton mCloseButton;
    @BindView(R.id.toolbar_action_post) ImageButton mPostButton;
    @BindView(R.id.toolbar_post_waiting) FillableLoader mPostWaiting;

    @BindView(R.id.content_layout) LinearLayout mContentContainer;
    @BindView(R.id.title) EditText mTitleField;
    @BindView(R.id.description) EditText mDescriptionField;
    @BindView(R.id.description_image) ImageView mDescriptionImageField;
    @BindView(R.id.tagGroup) TagGroup mTagGroup;

    @Inject CollectionAction mCollectionAction;
    @Inject CollectionHolder mCollectionHolder;

    public static void start(@NonNull Fragment source, int requestCode) {
        Intent starter = new Intent(source.getContext(), CollectionEditorActivity.class);
        source.startActivityForResult(starter, requestCode);
        source.getActivity().overridePendingTransition(R.anim.slide_right_in, R.anim.hold);
    }

    @Override
    public CollectionEditorComponent component() {
        if (mComponent == null) {
            mComponent = DaggerCollectionEditorComponent.builder()
                .appComponent(getAppComponent())
                .activityModule(getActivityModule())
                .collectionModule(new CollectionModule())
                .build();
        }
        return mComponent;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_collection_editor);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);

        //mCollection = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_COLLECTION);
        component().inject(this);
        mCollection = mCollectionHolder.getCollection();
        if (mCollection == null || mCollection.getLink() == null) {
            finish();
        }

        setupToolbar();
        mPostWaiting.setSvgPath(getString(R.string.svg_up));
        mPostWaiting.setOnStateChangeListener(new OnStateChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onStateChange(int state) {
                if (state == State.FINISHED && mIsPostingCollection) {
                    mPostWaiting.setStrokeDrawingDuration(0);
                    mPostWaiting.start();
                }
            }
        });

        mTitleField.setText(mCollection.getLink().getTitle());
        mDescriptionField.setText(mCollection.getDescription());
        mDescriptionImageField.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                CollectionTargetActivity.start(CollectionEditorActivity.this, mCollection.getLink().getUrl(),
                    REQUEST_IMAGE_URL);
            }
        });
        mTagGroup.setOnTagClickListener(new TagGroup.OnTagClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onTagClick(TagGroup tagGroup, CharSequence tag) {
                // TODO: 2016/10/31
            }
        });
    }

    private void setupToolbar() {
        setSupportActionBar(mToolbar);
        if (getSupportActionBar() != null) {
            getSupportActionBar().setTitle(R.string.edit);
        }
        mCloseButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                onBackPressed();
            }
        });
        mPostButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mPostWaiting.setStrokeDrawingDuration(mStrokeDrawingDuration);
                postCollection();
            }
        });
    }

    private void postCollection() {
        if (mIsPostingCollection) {
            Toast.makeText(this, getString(R.string.waiting_post_collection), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else {
            mIsPostingCollection = true;
            mPostButton.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            mPostWaiting.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            mPostWaiting.start();

            mTagGroup.submitTag();
            mCollection.setDescription(mDescriptionField.getText().toString());
            mCollection.setImage(mImage);
            mCollection.setTags(mTagGroup.getTags());
            mCollectionAction.postCollection(mCollection);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //component().inject(this);
        mCollectionAction.attach(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        mTitleField.requestFocus();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mCollectionAction != null) {
            mCollectionAction.detach();
            mCollectionAction = null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        Intent data = new Intent();
        String description = TextUtils.isEmpty(mCollection.getDescription()) ? "" : mCollection.getDescription();
        if (!mHasChange && description.equals(mDescriptionField.getText().toString())) {
            mCollectionHolder.setCollection(mCollection);
            setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, data);
            super.onBackPressed();
        } else {
            new SimpleDialogBuilder(this).setTitle(R.string.ignore_change_of_collection)
                .setPositiveText(R.string.dialog_ok)
                .setNegativeText(R.string.dialog_cancel)
                .setActionClickListeningEnable(true)
                .show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onDialogActionClick(DialogInterface dialog, int requestCode, int which) {
        if (which == DialogInterface.BUTTON_POSITIVE) {
            mHasChange = false;
            onBackPressed();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void finish() {
        super.finish();
        overridePendingTransition(R.anim.hold, R.anim.slide_right_out);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActionSuccess(int action, @Nullable BaseResponse response) {
        if (action == UserScene.ACTION_POST_COLLECTION) {
            mIsPostingCollection = false;
            mHasChange = false;
            mPostWaiting.setToFinishedFrame();
            mPostWaiting.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            mPostButton.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            Toast.makeText(this, getString(R.string.post_collection_success), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            onBackPressed();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onActionFailure(int action, @Nullable BaseResponse response, String message) {
        if (action == UserScene.ACTION_POST_COLLECTION) {
            mIsPostingCollection = false;
            mPostWaiting.setToFinishedFrame();
            mPostWaiting.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            mPostButton.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            Toast.makeText(this, getString(R.string.post_collection_failure), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        Timber.v("Result %d, requestCode %d", resultCode, requestCode);
        if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {
            Timber.w("Error result %d, requestCode %d", resultCode, requestCode);
            return;
        }

        if (requestCode == REQUEST_IMAGE_URL) {
            Image image = data.getParcelableExtra(CollectionTargetActivity.REQUEST_RESULT_IMAGE_URL);
            if (image != null && !TextUtils.isEmpty(image.getUrl())) {
                mImage = image;
                mHasChange = true;
                Timber.v("image %s", mImage.toString());
                mPostButton.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
                mPostButton.setEnabled(false);

                float radio = optimumRadio();
                Glide.with(this)
                    .load(mImage.getUrl())
                    .asBitmap()
                    .diskCacheStrategy(DiskCacheStrategy.SOURCE)
                    .error(R.drawable.ic_action_add_image)
                    .override((int) (image.getWidth() * radio), (int) (image.getHeight() * radio))
                    .into(new BitmapImageViewTarget(mDescriptionImageField) {
                        @Override
                        public void onResourceReady(Bitmap resource, GlideAnimation<? super Bitmap> glideAnimation) {
                            super.onResourceReady(resource, glideAnimation);
                            resolveImageColor(resource);
                        }
                    });
            }
        } else {
            super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        }
    }

    private void resolveImageColor(@NonNull Bitmap resource) {
        Palette.from(resource).maximumColorCount(2).generate(new Palette.PaletteAsyncListener() {
            @Override
            public void onGenerated(Palette palette) {
                List<Palette.Swatch> swatches = palette.getSwatches();
                if (swatches.size() >= 1) {
                    Palette.Swatch swatch = swatches.get(0);
                    mImage.setColor(swatch.getRgb());
                    Timber.v("swatch color: %s", StringUtils.parseColor(swatch.getRgb()));
                } else {
                    resolveDefaultColor();
                }
                mPostButton.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                mPostButton.setEnabled(true);
            }
        });
    }

    private void resolveDefaultColor() {
        int color = ContextCompat.getColor(CollectionEditorActivity.this, R.color.grey_3_whiteout);
        mImage.setColor(color);
        Timber.v("using color: %s", StringUtils.parseColor(color));
    }

    private float optimumRadio() {
        ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams lp = (ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams) mDescriptionImageField.getLayoutParams();
        float maxWidth = mContentContainer.getWidth()
            - mContentContainer.getPaddingLeft()
            - mContentContainer.getPaddingRight()
            - lp.leftMargin
            - lp.rightMargin
            - 50;
        float maxHeight = mMaxContentHeight - lp.topMargin - lp.topMargin;
        return ImageUtils.optimumRadio(maxWidth, maxHeight, mImage.getWidth(), mImage.getHeight());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


And lately, life hasn't been easy. Dion sat down with Matt Lauer and discussed the ups and downs she's experienced, including the tremendous loss she suffered earlier this year, when her husband and manager, René Angélil, died following a long battle with cancer.
Now she and those children — 15-year-old René-Charles and 5-year-old twins Eddy and Nelson — lean on each other as they heal.


text:
Fool's Gold Vs Real Gold: How To Spot The Difference
The glittering golden mineral pyrite, an iron sulfide, is known to most people as fool's gold, something that promises great value but is intrinsically worthless. But pyrite is, has been, and will be important to you and the rest of humankind. It is the mineral that made the modern world.
This influence extends from human evolution and culture, through science and history, to ancient, modern, and future Earth environments, and the origins and evolution of early life on the planet.
The role of pyrite in fire-lighting is a feature of all ancient civilizations. It led to the development of the modern chemical, pharmacological, and armament industries, in which pyrite continues to play a vital role. Even today, pyrite is still used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid - the most abundantly manufactured chemical on the planet. The production of medicines based on pyrite, such as the alums, paralleled the development of the chemical industry and can be shown to be the origin of Big Pharma, the industrial production of medicines.
Pyrite crystals stand out in nature, and the ancients were naturally curious as to how these were formed. This led to the idea that pyrite formation occurred deep within the Earth and the mineral was brought to the surface by volcanoes. And yet many occurrences of pyrite in nature do not appear to be related to volcanism at all. Pyrite can be found in soils and sediments throughout the Earth as myriads of microscopic crystals. This pyrite is formed by bacteria that remove oxygen from sulfate in the water, producing sulfide that reacts with iron to former pyrite.
Natural gold tends to be anhedral (irregularly shaped), whereas pyrite comes as either cubes or multifaceted crystals.
Invisible Gold
In fact, pyrite is often associated with gold. The solutions in the Earth that transport iron and sulfur to form pyrite are also likely to transport other metals, including gold. Pyrite is slightly oxidized relative to other metal sulfide minerals. The slightly more oxidized environment in which pyrite precipitates also destroys the sulfide complexes that keep the gold in solution, and the gold precipitates as a metal.
For these reasons, most gold deposits in the world contain pyrite as a more or less abundant mineral. In the case of so-called invisible gold, tiny precipitated gold particles have been trapped in the growing crystals of pyrite. The amount of gold within the grain is probably around 1 percent by weight because gold is about four times as heavy as pyrite. A ton of this pyrite would then contain around 100,000 grams of gold, with a present-day value of more than $400,000. It is worth mining if the gold can be extracted from within the pyrite.
Gold dissolves in cyanide solutions, and more than 90 percent of gold production is based on a cyanide process. In some low-grade ores, the crushed rock is piled into heaps and sprayed with a dilute cyanide solution. After about six months the liquor exiting the heaps carries sufficient god in solution to be collectible. Of course, cyanide is highly poisonous, and although efforts are made to contain and denature it, accidents and escapes continue to occur.
One of the problems with gold extraction is that much of the gold is included within pyrite and related minerals. This means that chemical leachates, such as cyanide, cannot get at the gold because it is protected by the pyrite. In the past, the only way to release the gold was to roast the pyrite at 700 degrees Celsius or to digest it in strong acid in an autoclave at elevated temperatures and pressures.
Both of these processes are very expensive. In 1986 industrial-scale testing of bio-oxidation of refractory gold ores was introduced by Gencor in South Africa. In this process, the crushed ores are initially subjected to the attention of pyrite-oxidizing microorganisms in-tank fermenters. The process exposes more of the gold, and subsequent cyanidation of the bio-oxidized concentrates can result in increases in gold recovery from just 30 percent to more than 95 percent. The use of microorganic reactors to prepare pyritic gold ores for cyanidation has become widespread, and numerous mines in South Africa, Australia, and North America have various operating systems.
The future of bioleaching of ores looks bright as ore grades become poorer and metal prices become higher, and there is a considerable amount of research going on at present into this technology. There is particular interest in the potential of real in situ bioleaching, where the pre-deposit is not mined but fractured and the leach solutions are pumped down. The problem with this idea at present is the difficulty in recovering the solutions - they tend to disappear down fractures in the Earth's crust, never to be seen again. It seems that whatever the future of this technology, pyrite will be at the heart of it.
The Real Story Behind Fool's Gold
"Fool's Gold" is technically known as pyrite or iron sulfide (FeS2) and is one of the most common sulfide minerals. Sulfide minerals are a group of inorganic compounds containing sulfur and one or more elements. Minerals are defined by their chemistry and crystalline structure. Minerals that have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures are called polymorphs.
Pyrite and marcasite, for example, are polymorphs because they are both iron sulfide, but each has a distinct structure. Minerals can also have the same crystalline structure but different elemental compositions, but it's the crystal structure that determines the mineral's physical characteristics.
In addition to pyrite, common sulfides are chalcopyrite (copper-iron sulfide), pentlandite (nickel iron sulfide), and galena (lead sulfide). The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthides, and the sulfosalts. Many sulfides are economically important as metal ores.
Pyrite is called "Fool's Gold" because it resembles gold to the untrained eye. While pyrite has a brass-yellow color and metallic luster similar to gold, pyrite is brittle and will break rather than bend as gold does. Gold leaves a yellow streak while pyrite's streak is brownish-black.
Pyrite is so named from the Greek word for fire (pyr) because it can create sparks for starting a fire when struck against metal or stone. This property made it useful for firearms at one time but this application is now obsolete. Pyrite was once a source of sulfur and sulfuric acid, but today most sulfur is obtained as a byproduct of natural gas and crude oil processing.
Today pyrite is sometimes sold as a novelty item or costume jewelry. But pyrite isn't entirely useless; in fact, it's a good way to find real gold because the two form together under similar conditions. Gold can even occur as inclusions inside pyrite, sometimes in mineable quantities depending on how effectively the gold can be recovered. Pyrite has long been investigated for its semiconductor properties.
Pyrite is found in a wide variety of geological settings, from igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock to hydrothermal mineral deposits, as well as in coal beds and as a replacement mineral in fossils. Pyrite can either be disseminated throughout igneous rock or concentrated in layers, depending on depositional mechanism and environment. Pyrite forms in sedimentary rocks in oxygen-poor environments in the presence of iron and sulfur dioxide. These are usually organic environments, such as coal or black shale, where decaying organic material consumes oxygen and releases sulfur. Pyrite often replaces plant debris and shells to create pyrite fossils or flattened discs called pyrite dollars.
In calcite and quartz veins, pyrite oxidizes to iron oxides or hydroxides such as limonite, an indicator that there is pyrite in the underlying rock. Such oxidized zones are called "gossan," which appears as rusty zones at the surface. Gossans can be good drilling targets for gold and other precious or base metals.
Pyrite is unstable and oxidizes easily, which is an issue in controlling acid mine drainage in a geological survey. Pyrite is a widespread natural source of arsenic, which can leach into ground-water aquifers when geologic strata containing pyrite are exposed to the air and water, during coal mining for example. Acid mine drainage and groundwater contamination require close monitoring to ensure that it has been neutralized before being returned to the earth.
A question: If you have a shiny and tiny golden color spot in your sample, how would you identify it? Is it gold? Is it pyrite? Portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzers are an important tool in this effort. In 2-3 seconds, you can identify that black streak grain using a portable XRF. Isn't that amazing? In addition to being used for exploration and mining applications, XRF analyzers can be used to monitor elemental contaminants at mine sites and in waste streams. XRF analyzers are capable of quantifying a wide range of elements, including sulfur, lead, and arsenic.
Pyrite is distinguishable from native gold by its hardness, brittleness, and crystal form.
Difference Between Pyrite and Real Gold
Pyrite, or what's commonly known as "fool's gold," has tricked countless prospectors into thinking they've found valuable gold when they really didn't. Ever since the early days of the 49s during the California Gold Rush, this metal has broken dreams for thousands of hopeful prospectors.
To the untrained eye, pyrite looks quite similar to gold in the sense that it's a similar yellowish color, but there are some notable differences between the two. Whether you're a recreational or professional prospector, it's important to know and understand the differences between pyrite and real gold. Only then can you rest assured knowing exactly how much valuable gold you're going home with after a long day of panning and prospecting.
If you're serious about panning or prospecting for gold, you'll need to educate yourself on the differences between real gold and pyrite. The fact is that real gold can be worth over $1,700 per ounce, while you'll be lucky to get a buck for that much pyrite. The bottom line is that you have to be aware of what minerals in your pan are actually gold and which ones aren't. Trying to sell fool's gold as real gold can get you into a lot of trouble, but thankfully it's fairly easy to tell the difference. Just use some of the methods listed below.
Streak Test
Steak tests are one of the most effective methods used to check and see if a mineral is actually gold. If you don't know what these are, let me explain - streak tests are performed by rubbing a mineral nugget on an unweathered surface known as a streak plate. Once the mineral is rubbed, it leaves behind a colored trail of mineral powder that may give away clues as to what type of mineral it is.
Pyrite typically leaves behind a black-dark green powder, while gold leaves behind a bright yellow powder. You can find streak plates to test for god at dozens of mineral and hobby shops throughout the country, as well as online shops.
After you've gained some experience with gold panning and prospecting, you should be easily able to tell the difference between pyrite and real gold simply by looking at its color to see physical properties. Even individuals without any past experience will likely see a noticeable difference between the two minerals when they are placed side-by-side.
Pyrite has a darker yellow color to it that's similar to brass, while gold has a vibrant yellow color that's highly reflective to the surrounding light. Holding a piece of gold under the light will reveal a bright yellow color that's stronger than the dull yellow color of pyrite. Until you're able to easily identify gold, you should keep a piece of pyrite in crystal form around in your pocket to compare your finds with.
The shape of pyrite nuggets is something that's quite unique and not found with traditional gold. Nearly all pieces of pyrite are formed into the shape of crystals, some of which may have nearly half a dozen pylons coming off the base. Of course, this may be hard to see in smaller pieces of pyrite, as the crystals will be small and hidden as well. Gold, on the other hand, is never formed as crystals, but instead, it's formed as nuggets and small flakes with little-to-no symmetry.
You probably know by now that gold is one of the heavier naturally-occurring metals found. After all, the entire principle of panning for gold is to wash away the lighter minerals and allow the heavier ones, such as gold, to sink to the bottom. Well, pyrite weighs much less than gold, and small flakes of it usually wash away when placed under the water. Large nuggets may still be left behind, but you can identify these by looking for the crystal-like shape and structure.
Origins of The Fool's Gold Saying
The early exploration of the New World was under the massive influence of the quest for gold, precious stones, and other riches the new colonies could offer. Martin Frobisher was a famous pirate that built a reputation for attacking and looting Spanish ships in the Atlantic. He was so good at his job that even Queen Elizabeth took notice.
He was quickly drafted into the Royal Navy and tasked with a mission to look for the elusive Northern Passage to China in 1576. His mission took him to the Baffin Island near the Arctic Circle, where he thought he found China. After being kidnapped by the Inuits, Frobisher managed to steal some ore samples that resembled gold and then made his way back to England.
The Queen's experts examined the ore, and the final verdict was that it was worthless fools gold. Ironically, the story of fool's gold mission and Frobisher did not end there. The hunger for gold was so powerful at the time that the Queen's court persuaded themselves and the Queen herself that it was indeed a low-grade gold ore, and they even found a new expert to confirm it.
They provided Frobisher with more ships and men to establish a mining operation on Baffin Island. Frobisher made two more trips back to England, carrying thousands of tons of the mysterious ore. Each of the shipments was worthless, as the ore was mineral pyrite, not precious metal gold.
Ever since the saying "fool's gold" has been a part of the English language, used to describe something shiny, flashy, or greatly-desired but has no real value. The saying fool's gold went mainstream during the famous gold rushes in the USA, where plenty of prospectors saw their dreams of fortune disappear by running into pyrite.
Before getting to the practical advice on how to tell pyrite and gold apart, it is essential to mention how pyrite and gold differ on a structural level. Gold is a metal of golden-yellowish color, found in a pure state in nature. Due to its rarity, attractive appearance, and shine, gold is frequently used to create jewelry or other decorative elements. Gold also found its way into currency, as most of the early high-value coins were silver or gold. Later on, gold became a part of the Gold Standard, a monetary system where the value of a country's currency is directly linked to gold.
Iron pyrite is not a metal but a mineral. It is an iron-sulfide with a brass-yellow color. Often found in sedimentary and metamorphic rock, pyrite is a widespread mineral. The resemblance to gold is quite close, especially to inexperienced eyes. The distinction is even more difficult since pyrite and gold are often present together in rock formations, creating even more confusion.
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One of my favorite stories my Grandpa told me was about visiting his grandmother on her 100th birthday. His knocking was no able to get her to the door and this concerned him. He found the door was unlocked and went in to check further but she was nowhere to be found. He heard a strange noise from the back yard and went to check. He walked through the back door just in time to see an ax come crashing down upon an upright log, splitting it into two pieces. His grandmother bent over to toss the suitable segment aside and then upright the log for another whack. Grandpa intervened asking what she was doing out there splitting wood. Her response? "They say it's going to be cold tonight."
And so I come to think about the famous Southern tale of Steel Magnolias. M'Lynn, Ouiser, Truvy, Clairee, Annelle, and Shelby were truly strong women, different from each other but a strong team together. I don't mean for this to be a rebuttal of their brand of strength or in any way cheapen the portrayal of strong female fictional characters. Instead, I want to highlight just a slightly different level of strength in women from my family and from history who, in an age filled with discussion of feminism, have shaped my thoughts on strong women.
As we start, there are stories today of women qualifying as Army Rangers and the Pentagon has cleared the way for the "first" American women in combat roles. I have to think that the road to this decision was at least partially paved by the numerous women known to have fought in disguise in American wars, including on both sides of the War Between the States.
I also have to mention the stories of two women that fascinate me. They are folklore heroes who actually have some evidence suggesting that the stories are, at least structurally, true. Molly Pitcher and The Warwoman. Both of these women, as well as others, played a role in fighting the British that did not relegate them to behind the lines service.
Molly Pitcher's story of heroism and leadership in the American Revolution at the Battle of Monmouth is somewhat supported in the identity of Mary Ludwig Hays by a annual veteran grant of (1822) $40 "for services rendered".
"The most famous story of Hart's escapades as a frontier patriot began when a group of six (some accounts say five) Tories came to her cabin and demanded information concerning the location of a certain Whig leader. Only minutes earlier, the Whig, hotly pursued by the Tories, had stopped by the Hart cabin and enlisted Hart's aid as he made his escape. Hart insisted that no one had passed through her neck of the woods for days. Convinced that she was lying, one of the Tories shot and killed Hart's prized gobbler. After ordering her to cook the turkey, the Tories entered the cabin, stacked their weapons in the corner, and demanded something to drink. Hart obliged them by opening her jugs ofwine. Once the Tories began to feel the intoxicating effects of the wine, Hart sent her daughter Sukey to the spring for a bucket of water. Hart secretly instructed her to blow a conch shell, which was kept on a nearby stump, to alert the neighbors that Tories were in the cabin.
As Hart served her unwanted guests, she frequently passed between them and their stacked weapons. Inconspicuously, she began to pass the loaded muskets, one by one, through a chink in the cabin wall to Sukey, who had by this time slipped around to the rear of the building. When the Tories noticed what she was doing and sprang to their feet, Hart threatened to shoot the first man who moved a foot. Ignoring her warning, one Tory lunged forward, and Hart pulled the trigger, killing the man. Seizing another weapon, she urged her daughter to run for help. Hart shot a second Tory who made a move toward the stacked weapons and held off the remaining loyalists until her husband and several others arrived. Benjamin Hart wanted to shoot the Tories, but Hart wanted them to hang. Consequently the remaining Tories were hanged from a nearby tree. In 1912 workmen grading a railroad near the site of the old Hart cabin unearthed a neat row of six skeletons that lay under nearly three feet of earth and were estimated to have been buried for at least a century. This discovery seemed to validate the most oft-told story of the Hart legend."
Do not cross the Warwoman of Georgia.
My maternal grandmother who gave birth to six children and helped raise three others. She has buried her husband and three of those children while somehow maintaining her sanity. After losing her husband, she had to sell the farm that was their dream home, a home cut from the scrub brush and sedimentary rock of central Florida with much sweat and toil. But sell it she did and then set out to make a new future for herself. And she's done quite well in the endeavor.
My paternal grandmother had her own struggles. In the end, her doctors told us that she was living only on her will to live. There was no medical reason for her to be alive. Shortly thereafter she told me in her living room that she had 20 more years in her and roughly 20 years later, she decided it was time to go. And so she did - but not one minute before those 20 years were over.
My Aunt Tecola was about as small of a person as you'd ever expect to meet. She'd weigh about 110 pounds if she were carrying two five gallon buckets full of water. But I don't doubt for a minute that she could carry two five gallon buckets of water. She buried her only children in their childhood. Then she, and Uncle Sam, for whom I am named, played a role in raising several of their nieces and nephews, specifically my dad. A chicken in my Aunt Tecola's yard could go from clucking and eating bugs to fried and being eaten by her and Uncle Sam in a matter of a couple hours. And no one touched the chicken in that process but her. Kill it, clean it, cook it. Who needs a grocery store? Not her. A 90 pound woman snapping a chicken neck with one hand is impressive.
And then when my Uncle Sam was in the hospital, lying on his deathbed, the nurse came around to check his vitals. She placed the stethoscope on his chest and he looked up at her and this six foot six inch mountain of a man told that nurse, "You won't find anything there ma'am. Tecola took that 60 years ago."
These are a few of my "Cast Iron Magnolias". Women from historic folklore and women I knew who became part of our family folklore. When I think of strong women, these are the women I have to offer in comparison. When I talk about how a gentleman should treat a lady, it's not because I think women are weaker or less capable. I have first-hand evidence otherwise. On the contrary, I think women should be treated with honor and respect because they deserve it.
So if you see me scoff at Lena Dunham or Joy Behar, it's not because I am misogynistic, it's just that I have really high standards.


January 28, 2019 April 16, 2019 - The 'Noms.
We went wine tasting in Sonoma, so follow along with our adventures at some Sonoma County Wineries!
This last fall we went on a wine tour of beautiful Sonoma County! Sonoma County is one of our favorite places to visit (check out or adventures from last year in the Russian River Valley and at Gloria Ferrer Winery!) Sonoma County wineries are amazing, and have scenery that can't be beat! Its always a go to destination for us! We went back with our good friends again, (cause we all dig some day drinking with friends!) and always plan on having at least one day where we take a big wine tour.
There are lots of great ways to take tours around the wineries in Sonoma County, but one of the best is Simply Driven! Simply Driven lets you hire a professional driver (and wine expert) to drive your rental car around on your tour! They can even set up your itinerary for you! We highly recommend Grady, who drove us around and even serenaded us at one of the wineries!
We started our tour "early" in the morning (early in wine country is like 10 am!) at our rental house at Thomas George Estates. Also, it's located just outside of Healdsburg and right in the heart of Sonoma! One of the great things about Sonoma county is that you might find some real gems just down the road. Sure enough our first winery of the day, MacRostie was just down the road!
Macrostie blew our socks off! It was absolutely beautiful there, and they greeted us as we were getting out of the car in the parking lot with glasses of wine! One of our friends jokingly said to his wife that he expects this kind of service when he gets home from work every day! It was a pretty amazing way to start our day!
We were taken to their patio to start our tasting experience. The tables were set and waiting for us! And, an incredible vista of grapevines and mountains spread out in front of us to enjoy. But, the weather in the morning can occasionally be a little chilly, (wear layers). Therefore, MacRostie even had beautiful blankets and lap rugs available for us if we needed them to chase the chill away! We also were seated by a heater, which was a lovely added touch.
We started our tasting, with our hostess Jordan (check her instagram here!) pouring us a selection of white wines. MacRostie likes to do their tastings in a unique way by doing comparative tastings. They started us with 3 white wines, side by side. These Chardonnays were actually very different, and it was a great way to compare what we liked and didn't like about the wines. Most of the time with tastings, you get one at a time and it's easy to forget what you like.
The comparative tasting continued after the Chardonnays, moving on to three Pinot Noirs. MacRostie uses grapes grown from areas around Sonoma County, which bring different characteristics to the selections we sampled. Sonoma County has prime conditions for growing Pinot grapes. Of course the resulting wines crafted by wine maker Heidi Bridenhagen and founder Steve MacRostie were all delicious!
We ended up having a tough time picking which was our favorite. But, I think all 3 couples ended up buying a bottle of the really fantastic Terra de Promissio.
We were sad to leave the beautiful setting around us, but we knew we were headed to the next winery, and then lunch. Yeah lunch! Remember, drink lots of water and make sure to eat while day drinking and wine tasting. You will thank us later!
We headed north to Fritz Underground Winery, which is in the Dry Creek Valley. Originally founded in 1970's in the midst of the energy crisis, the founder Arthur Fritz built the winery with modern efficiency in mind! Built into the side of a massive hill, the winery and almost all of its operations are underground, making for a very unique place to visit!
Why Build a Winery Underground?
Fritz uses a three tiered structure, which cuts down on energy usage by using gravity to their advantage! Starting at the top of the hill the winery is built into, they process the grapes on the crush pad and then let gravity take over! Using gravity to move the wine from the crush pad down a level to the mixing tanks down again to the barrels for aging.
Using gravity to help move the wine around the winery not only is more energy efficient, but it also helps preserve the flavors in the wine. It doesn't expose the wine to agitation and oxidation that comes from using pumps!
Building a winery underground also saves on cooling costs which is important when making wine. To make good wine, having control of the temperatures as you process the grapes into wine is vital! The temperatures found underground tend to be cooler and very constant. These temps save on expensive air conditioning and refrigeration, which makes Fritz Underground Winery extremely environmentally friendly!
We got a tour of the whole facility, which was such a neat process to see. After the tour, we ended up in the tasting room, of course! We got to try a number of lovely wines (we signed up for the wine club, if that tells you anything!) and even some wine and chocolates together. Then it was time for lunch, yay!
Where did we Eat Lunch in Wine Country?
We ate on Fritz's patio with the lunch that we had packed (we are totally parents, can't you tell?!) During lunch we were surrounded by the beautiful rose and flower gardens that overlook the small pond and grounds below the winery. These grounds are home to wildlife, and if you are lucky you might even see the wild turkeys that adorn the winery and logos on Fritz's bottles!
So, after a nice lunch and a round of water bottles for all of us, we loaded up the car and headed out for the last stop of the day, Silver Oak Alexander Valley.
Fans of wine know Silver Oak Napa is a legendary winery. Silver Oak is famous for its amazing tasting room just outside of Oakville (and the famous Oakville Grocery) in the Napa Valley. Silver Oak Alexander Valley had just opened a few months before, and we were excited to check out this new property.
We were wowed by the beauty of the new building and winery which is set in some incredible scenery! After tasting some of famous red wines while enjoying the views from the patio, we headed back to our rental house.
In conclusion, it was a lovely day of wine tasting with friends and new friends! If you are planning a trip out to Sonoma County, be sure you add these to your list of Sonoma County Wineries.
If you are going to wine country, we recommend renting a VRBO Rental Location to stay at!
More posts to read about Sonoma County Wineries and wine tasting in California.
More of our trip to California Wine Country; Russian River Valley wineries, Alexander Valley and Dry Creek, along with Napa and Sonoma Valleys! Cheers!
Sonoma's Sparkling Gem; Visiting Gloria Ferrer Caves and Vineyards!
Check out our experience with sparkling wine in Sonoma Valley at Gloria Ferrer wine!
Best wineries to visit in Sonoma County!
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Useful for athletes foot, chilblains, chills, corns, dull skin, the dreaded lurgy, oily skin, varicose veins and warts. Dolphin Clinic Lemon Essential Oil (Citrus limonum) is a cold pressed oil from skin and rind from Italian lemons.
Dolphin Clinic Lemon Essential Oil is useful for athletes foot, chilblains, chills, corns, dull skin, the dreaded lurgy, oily skin, varicose veins and warts.
Direct application to corns and warts daily ?and keep covered. 5 drops in 10mls carrier oil for massage and bath. Few drops in bowl of warm water and apply to face to refresh. 4-6 drops in vaporiser.
Caution: Phototoxic. Should not be used prior to exposure to sun.
Useful for athletes foot and chilblains. Support for winters ills and chills.


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