text:
Q: Slicing a scipy sparse matrix using a boolean mask I have encountered a difference in how slicing a scipy sparse matrix works in 0.10.0 and 0.10.1. Consider the following piece of code:
from numpy import array, ravel
from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix

mat = csr_matrix(array([[1, 0, 0], [0,1,0], [1,0,0]]))
desired_cols = ravel(mat.sum(0)) > 0

print mat[:, desired_cols].A

In scipy 0.10.0, I get what I expect to get:
[[1 0]
 [0 1]
 [1 0]]

In 0.10.1 and 0.12.0, I get
[[0 0 1]
 [1 1 0]
 [0 0 1]]

I am not sure if this is a bug or I am doing something wrong. I get the same results using coo_matrix and csc_matrix.
I am trying to remove all rows that sum to 0 from the matrix. I understand that csr_matrix does not support efficient column slicing and I should not being this.

A: What is desired_cols in these cases. In recent scipy (0.13.0) the results match your first one (0.10.0). You may have to dig into the github source for scipy if you want to track down changes this far back in the versions.

A: Use np.flatnonzero(desired_cols) instead of desired_cols and scipy.sparse will support it. Full matrix API support is unavailable in scipy.sparse and features are gradually being introduced.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


New to Old. Beginning to End. The circle of life continues. When a stroke hit someone close to me recently I felt his hand guiding me to share. Fear combined with memories, or maybe the lack of memories, from a time when my brain suffered its own injury in a car wreck, pushed me to tell my story to help others.
It was a bright sunny Monday morning like so many others. A car pulled in front of a day rig truck and braked. The truck driver cut the wheel hard to avoid the car in front of him coming across three lanes of the interstate to hit me. My car was totaled. With only a tiny cut on my arm, I thanked my guardian angel and thought I was fine. I didn't understand the injury hidden inside my skull. Because my nature is a mix of a salesperson and logical personality, only my husband and BFF quickly spotted the change in my life that morning.
I've always had a strange memory. I might not remember what I had for dinner last night or a name, but a face or random conversation from the prior week can be crystal clear. The first impressions I had after my wreck with that day rig truck was a black hole before I returned to find my car now facing the center interstate wall (my car completed a 1-1/4 turns according to the cops). For my brain, it felt like a spin in a blender.
Things like driving, going to the grocery, eating out with family and friends, even going to church, suddenly became a nauseating and exhausting ball of frustration after my wreck. The sounds and motions of life I'd once enjoyed, now caused problems with my brain. I wanted to return to the life I had before, but my brain disagreed. It struggled to tolerate noise or motion which frustrated the active me.
I only remember bits and pieces of that day. And though the doctors say I am supposed to be fully recovered, my brain still chooses to rebel from time to time. Learning how to manage the triggers and the results took time but I've grown stronger in building habits to cope with those days and accepting the limitations.
I've learned that head motion sets off memory breaches and exhaustion. Habits save my life and keep me sane. Rest and stress control increases the length of time I can shop and participate in life. Having a husband and grown kids that recognize and understand when I'm not all there, means someone knows to encourage me to take that nap in a dark quiet room.
I believe disruptions in life are there to get our attention and it's what we do with the challenges they create that are important. In the last few months, I've felt the push to share my disruptions, my lessons. This is my first disruption. I hope my insight will help someone who needs it.


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A NEW technical college will hold two open events this month ahead of its September opening.
Royal Greenwich University Technical College is offering 150 places for students entering Year 12, providing technical qualifications specialising in engineering, construction and related industries, alongside a core A-level curriculum.
Open events will be held at the University of Greenwich's Old Royal Naval College campus, on January 11 from 6pm to 8pm and January 12 from 10am to midday.
Students and parents will get the chance meet the principal Mike Sharp and discuss whether the college is right for them.
The Woolwich Road college has been sponsored by the university, Wates construction, Transport for London and Greenwich Council.
Applications are open at the greenwichutc.com website, with the closing deadline at the end of March.


text:
By Elia Smith, Illustrated by Tina Splann
This year, for a school project, Lilly was volunteering at a nursing home, or rather, she had been volunteered. It was not a pleasant prospect. From what she had heard from her older sister, Rose, it was basically just sitting around and listening to old people talk, talk, talk. Rose was the exaggeration queen, so you could never know if you could trust her, though.
So that's why, on a balmy Sunday morning, Lilly was standing on tiptoe at the reception desk and trying to read the very high up copy of the list of people, whens, wheres, hows…
Lilly pulled out her notebook and her purple pen and started a new page. Mrs. Riley, she scrawled in her sloppy cursive, formidable, splendiferous. Lilly kept logs of everyone she met in that notebook, their eccentricities, faults, strengths, and wonderful adjectives galore.
Mrs. Riley had the eyes of a warrior, with stories etched into every line and bravery stitched around the edges. Lilly liked her at once, from the moment she stepped into her room. She seemed impossible to defeat, Lilly thought, with the air of a general. She talked with an odd accent sweeping the edges of her words. Mrs. Riley had memories. Lilly could see them in the stories she told, of cool beaches, waves pawing the shore, wind whispering, and fresh, sweet mangoes.
"Do you really remember these things?"
Mrs. Riley laughed, not a creaky old person's laugh, but one like bells that didn't match her wrinkly outside.
"Unfortunately, I have no children to pass it on to"
"No, non, non, Lilly, I make it all up, pure imagination, but sometimes I feel like I was there."
I know what you mean, thought Lilly, as she exited the grove of mangoes and stories.
Miss Ashley: loquacious, gregarious. Miss Ashley was more blunt about things than Mrs. Riley and chattered like a group of squirrels. Lilly tried her best to keep up with the constant stream but soon gave up and pretended to be listening. When she was leaving, Miss Ashley gave her a big hug and said, "Thank you, sweetie, nobody ever listens to me!" and Lilly felt a little ashamed that she hadn't really, but smiled and hugged the old lady back.
Mr. Joseph: __________ ? Mr. Joseph was so indescribable that it gave Lilly a shock. When she walked in, he asked with no hesitation, "What's your favorite word?"
Lilly's words, her giant vocabulary, blanked. Then she said loudly, "Pulchritudinous!"
He nodded, then calmly replied, "That means beautiful."
Lilly's heart stopped, almost, and then she stuttered, "H-how d-do y-you know th-that?"
Mr. Joseph smiled warmly and whispered, "The same way I think you do." Lilly thought back to cold nights in front of the fire, flipping through the dictionary and pointing out interesting words to her family, Mama, Papa, Rose…
She grinned back at Mr. Joseph, and he took out a worn book, the cover a rich red leather, and he held it up. Merriam-Webster's English Dictionary, First Edition. Lilly gave a breath of awe. "Is that, like, one hundred years old?"
He seemed pleased at her reaction. "Indeed." Mr. Joseph stroked the cover gently and said, "It was my father's, and his father's, and so forth. Unfortunately, I have no children to pass it on to." Lilly stared deep into his ocean-blue eyes. "You know," he contemplated, "you are one of the only people I have met who I feel really understands me."
Lilly felt the praise swirl in her stomach and waved goodbye to Mr. Joseph. "Adieu."
"That wasn't so bad, was it?" Lilly's mom asked, helping Lilly pull off her jacket. Lilly shrugged. She didn't want her mom to know how much she enjoyed it because… because it was her moment, and she wanted to hold onto it a little longer.
Next Sunday was cool and brisk. Wind whipped Lilly's cheeks as she skipped along to the nursing home. She skidded to a stop in the warm reception room, shimmied out of her coat, popped off her hat, dashed up the stairs, and slid, breathless, into Mrs. Riley's room.
Mrs. Riley laughed. "You look like you have run a mile or two, Lilly!" She patted the side of the bed. "I'm glad you came. Come, have a seat." Lilly sat, and breathed Mrs. Riley's warm, clean smell, like soap and lavender. "Today, Lilly, I want you to tell me a story." Lilly almost fell off the bed.
"I said, you tell me a story," Mrs. Riley calmly replied, taking Lilly's hands in hers.
"B-but I don't know any stories."
"Make one up. It doesn't matter if it's good." Mrs. Riley tapped her temple with a long, pale finger. "Use your imagination!"
So Lilly took a deep breath and began. "Once upon a time, there was a creek full of splashing, glittering water, babbling, stories flowing out from every drop." She was surprised she was sounding like Mrs. Riley. "The creek was in a wood, light and green, the sun catching big, fanlike leaves, glimmering like emeralds. Through the wood, there was a house like a cottage, gardenias placed meticulously in the window boxes, and daisies, roses, and violets scattered around the yard in clumps." Lilly paused. "I don't know what comes next."
Mrs. Riley clapped her hands. "Superb, Lilly, don't worry, I'll tell you the rest next week."
Lilly was baffled. "You'll tell me the rest?"
Mrs. Riley smiled at her. "Yes. You started a story, I'll finish it for you." She then pulled Lilly into a strong embrace for someone of her age.
Miss Ashley was having a talk with a friend from next door so Lilly's company was unneeded, thus she skipped over to Mr. Joseph's room.
"Remuneration," Mr. Joseph said as she walked in.
"Reward, or payment. Her remuneration was a trophy and a medal." Lilly replied automatically, sounding like she had swallowed the dictionary.
He grinned. "Good! The only other person in this place who knew that was Miss Ashley."
Lilly was disconcerted. "Miss Ashley?"
"Yes, indeed. Miss Ashley thinks the greatest pleasure in life is reading, yet the workers, so ready to help in other circumstances, were oblivious to this need. So I let her borrow the Merriam-Webster." Mr. Joseph held up the shabby book.
"Rather dilapidated, but full of reminiscence," Lilly commented.
"I think so, too," concurred Mr. Joseph. "But the threadbareness of it adds to the magic."
It does, thought Lilly. She didn't need to say a thing, because Mr. Joseph knew. He was a bit peculiar, how he made you want to pour all your thoughts out and confide everything in him. He would listen and understand, and yet you could tell all you needed was a smile, or a look into those deep blue eyes.
"Can I hold that, please?" Lilly asked, eyeing the book.
"Here you go, but be careful. This baby's ancient," Mr. Joseph said, placing it in her arms.
Lilly gently picked up the dictionary, cradling it in her arms like a precious jewel. She turned the pages with a loving finger and breathed in the warm, musty scent of time. Words flew by on the pages, beautiful words, calling her.
"You like that, don't you?" Mr. Joseph murmured. "I can tell by your eyes. I see affection, true caring. You really do love words."
It took a million years, or so it seemed to Lilly, for the next Sunday to come. She sprinted down the sidewalk, piercing the warm, thick air like an arrow, and didn't stop until she reached Mrs. Riley's room, and only barely. She nearly crashed into the wall.
"Goodness!" Mrs. Riley laughed. "You certainly are a ball of energy today!"
"I… want… to hear… the rest… of the… story," Lilly panted almost indecipherably.
"I should suspect you do." Mrs. Riley tried to hide a smile. She handed a small, boxy, journal-like book to Lilly. "It's in there. Treasure it, and add your own words."
Lilly opened to the first page. It was covered in neat cursive, and Lilly knew it promised to be an amazing read. Anything that came from Mrs. Riley was bound to be.
Miss Ashley turned out to be a good listener. How strange that Lilly, usually so subdued, was bubbling like a fountain. Naturally, Miss Ashley couldn't be too quiet for too long, so soon the room was spurting with activity and chatter.
Mr. Joseph leaned over and pulled a chair right up close to his bed and motioned for Lilly to sit. When she did, he reached into his dresser drawer and took out the book. He placed it in Lilly's hands and hesitated for a moment.
"I'm giving this to you." He looked straight into her eyes, blue by brown.
"I know I can… trust you. I know you will appreciate the gift of words."
Lilly didn't know what to say. She wanted to give a long, eloquent speech, but that still wouldn't show all the gratitude she was feeling, brewing up inside her.
So, she took a deep breath and said, "Thank you. I love it." It was five words, and none of them had over five letters, but a three-hundred-word essay with all complicated words couldn't have done better.
Lilly gave Mr. Joseph the best hug she could muster, and he hugged her back and whispered in her ear, "I knew you would."
Elia Smith, 10
Tina Splann, 11
Providence Village, Texas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Roxanna and Percy Palomino are living the American dream. Recent immigrants to the US, they've worked hard for their home. But when things go missing, tempers flare, and Roxanna ends up struggling for her life with a dangerous and unexpected foe.


text:
Written by Mark Smotroff•	April 20, 2016• 4:32 am• Audiophile Music
Charles Bradley – Live From The House of Soul
HomeAudiophile MusicCharles Bradley – Live From The House of Soul
Mark Smotroff experiences instant fandom due to a live DVD…
I'll be honest with you, folks (as I always am) : I knew I was going to like Charles Bradley the moment I read about him.
I mean, I read that he was getting the push from Brooklyn's reigning 21st Century pure soul Queen, Sharon Jones — and her label Daptone Records — and enjoying a career bloom relatively late in life (by most pop music standards). So here we have, confounding popular expectation, a fine new artist — who isn't under 30, I'll put it that way — breaking out fine new soulful music in the grand tradition of legendary performers from the mid-60s and early-70s (think Solomon Burke, Otis Redding, James Carr, etc).
So while fine young bucks like Leon Bridges are making justifiable waves getting the major label push and all that, it is very exciting that a new artist like Charles Bradley — who has years of dues-paying experience over a hard-knock lifetime that has taken him from Maine to Alaska — has been breaking out as well.
Bradley's ascension to the spotlight is celebrated on a fine new DVD called Charles Bradley & Menahan Street Band – Live From the House of Soul.
Now before watching the live set, I first checked out some of the music videos included on the disc as "extras" so I could hear what Charles sounds like in the studio.
I immediately liked what I heard… this guy is the real deal.
So, yeah, I realize that I'm a little late to the party but, hey, better late than never.
If you like the slow-burning vibe of James Brown on legendary belters like "It's A Man's World," you're probably gonna dig Charles' music. If you like the swagger of performers like Al Green and Bill Withers, you're probably going to dig Charles' music. Especially on tunes like "The World (Is Going Up In Flames)" and "Where Do We Go From Here?"
"Heartaches and Pain" sounds like it could be a lost Otis Redding track that might have been recorded at Stax in Memphis (backed by Booker T and the MGs).
But its not…
No, this is brand new soul 'n rhythm 'n blues made of a fine pedigree, folks…
And The Menahan Street Band — which I first heard of on an excellent remix of a track from Elvis Costello's 2013 collaboration with ?uestlove and The Roots Wise Up Ghost — well… wow… these guys smoke!
Now, the DVD packaging is a little misleading in that its not really a live "concert" in the traditional sense performed before an audience. However, it is a live-in-the-backyard affair — literally shot in the back of Daptone Records' Bushwick, Brooklyn, studio headquarters (affectionately known as "The House of Soul," thus the DVD's title).
As an introduction to his music, Charles Bradley & Menahan Street Band – Live From the House of Soul serves its purpose just great! It is just long enough to give you a handle on what the man and his music is about yet not too long to lose your attention (not that you really could if you tried…). Like all great live performances, it leaves you wanting more…
The 48 kHz, 320 kbps stereo audio sounds full and punchy — given the vintage vibe of this music, I wouldn't be surprised if it had been recorded on an analog tape machine (a multitrack analog reel too reel is shown briefly in one of the videos). Image quality on the DVD is generally clean and organic, the live performance footage seemingly shot using natural daylight for that genuine backyard party feel.
I don't know about you, but I'm going to be exploring more of Charles Bradley's music in the very near future.
It's all good. I've boarded the bus…
Got Bad Sound – Hint – Maybe it's the Room!!
Why Your Kick-Drum Doesn't Kick – Part 4


Cahir Craft Fair And Christmas Market tomorrow from 11am - 5pm in Cahir House Hotel .
This years market will be supporting Cahir Day Care Centre .
Mag's of crazyart.ie will join us to provide FREE arts and crafts for children while you take a look around the stalls.


text:
Marco Apicella, italijanski dirkač Formule 1, * 7. oktober 1965, Bologna, Italija.

Življenjepis
Apicella je upokojeni italijanski dirkač Formule 1. V svoji karieri je nastopil le na domači dirki za Veliko nagrado Italije v sezoni 1993, kjer je z dirkalnikom Jordan 193 moštva Sasol Jordan odstopil v prvem krogu zaradi trčenja. V naslednji sezoni 1994 je osvojil naslov prvaka v prvenstvu Japonske Formule 3000

Popolni rezultati Formule 1
(legenda)

Rojeni leta 1965
Živeči ljudje
Italijanski dirkači
Italijanski vozniki Formule 1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Health is a commitment and lifestyle. A healthy body and mind will allow you to enjoy your life to the fullest. It is about looking good, getting fit and feeling great. "Health is Wealth".
Sometimes we may wonder if exercise is really worth all the effort. It's normal to skip a workout on busy days, but don't skip often because the benefits are enjoyed by those who make it a lifelong commitment.
1Regular exercise burns calories to help take weight off.
2Regular exercise keeps your body toned and looking good at all times.
3Physical activity strengthens your muscles.
5Exercise increases your stress resistance.
6Exercise helps you feel more relaxed and even sleep better.
7Exercise can slow the loss of stamina, strength, bone density and metabolic rate in many ways; it is the antithesis of ageing!
8Regular exercise helps reduce the risk of heart disease.
9Regular exercise helps lower blood pressure.
10Whereas diets can lower your metabolism, efficient aerobic exercise raises your metabolism rate and helps you maintain a healthy body all year round.
You must begin to exercise regularly regardless of your age. Regular exercise helps reduce the risk of heart disease, lower cholesterol level and blood pressure. Simply exercise 3 times a week and 20 minutes each session will significantly improve your fitness and health.


Los Van Van, a cult band credited with reinventing salsa time and again since their debut in 1969, will be the latest group of Cuban artists to benefit from a quiet resumption of cultural exchanges under current U.S. President Barack Obama.
Los Van Van's lyrics have chronicled four decades of Cuban life and history with irony and wit.
Grammy-winning Cuban band Los Van Van is celebrating 40 years of salsa revolution with a long-awaited return to the United States next month.
Often called the 'Rolling Stones of salsa', the group will perform in Key West, Florida on January 28, ending a long absence from the United States caused by tense U.S.-Cuban relations during the administration of President George W. Bush.
Well-known Cuban musicians are being granted visas to perform at U.S. venues, a sign that Obama's administration is promoting cultural contacts as part of a strategy of warmer "people to people" ties with the Communist-run Island.
Los Van Van's Key West show prefaces a 70-concert U.S. tour starting in April.
Band leader and bassist Juan Formell hopes the tour will exorcise memories of one of the group's last U.S. appearances -- a 1999 show in Miami where U.S. anti-riot police had to keep angry Cuban exile protesters from harassing concert-goers.
Miami is the center of the Cuban exile community in the United States.
But Formell, 67, says that hostility against artists from the island has eased.
"I was in Miami recently and nobody treated me poorly. On the contrary, people wanted to have pictures taken with me, they asked for autographs," he said in a recent interview with Reuters.
"Miami has changed a lot ... there is a new, younger generation that thinks differently," said the grey-haired, bespectacled bandleader whom some Cubans call "Saint Juan".
Formell has reshaped the traditional sound of salsa by adding electric guitars, synthesizers and violins to Los Van Van.
He went further by mixing son, jazz, afro rhythms and even a bit of The Beatles to create what is called "songo," Cuba's version of salsa.
"We have had lots of detractors. They said we were not doing Cuban music. But time went on and we managed to win people over," he said.
Los Van Van's lyrics have chronicled four decades of Cuban life and history with irony and wit. But the secret to remaining famous for decades, Formell says, is to write music that makes people dance.
"I realized people didn't show gratitude by applauding but by dancing."
A new documentary film is celebrating Los Van Van's anniversary. They formed a decade after Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution, at a time when Cuba was at the height of its socialist euphoria.
"vanvanero" ( Van Van follower).
His documentary follows Los Van Van performing across Cuba where they are adored by dancers of all ages, races and social backgrounds.
The recent premier of Padron's film "Eso que anda" ("The thing that moves") brought together several generations of musicians who starred in the band over four decades.
Weakened by diabetes and years on the road performing, Formell continues to play, but is gradually giving way to a new batch of musicians led by his son Samuel, a drummer and current music director of Los Van Van.
But it is 'Saint Juan''s distinctive electrifying beat that makes Los Van Van recognizable from the first chord and catapults 'salseros' onto the dance floor.
"I keep the sound in my hands," Formell said.


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The Academy Is... reunited in December to tour in celebration of 10 years since the release of their album Almost Here. The day after Christmas, they played The Observatory in Orange County and I was lucky enough to get to photograph the show!
Click here to check out my full image gallery.


Maybe you already know what you want to do after you graduate. If you don't, then you can think about what you are good at and what you enjoy doing. Read about the programs on our website.
In the final years of your high school.
You can read about this also on our website and you can always ask UNIFY in case you have doubts about something.
In the final years of your study.
Translate your grades transcript, write your own CV and motivation letter and send it to us. We will contact you, in case something is not good enough with your documents.
In the autumn of your last year at high school.
Check your email and studielink.nl account regularly for any news.
Usually it takes 2-3 weeks after your enrolment in order to receive and admission letter, in some universities even less than a week.
UNIFY makes predeparture presentations and meetings with its students in order to explain how to find a room.
UNIFY will reveal a lot of information before your departure to Holland. However, it is good if you search for some information for yourself too.
During the predeparture meetings, UNIFY will inform you about the details around the payment of your tuition fee, payment in installments and student loan.
Congratulations! You are already a student. UNIFY will also inform about the possible ways of travel to Holland, what to take with you in your luggage and how to get around in Holland.


text:
Home › 6a) Gold & Bitcoin › 6a.) GoldCore › Gold Protects As Cashless Society Threatens Vulnerable
Gold Protects As Cashless Society Threatens Vulnerable
Jan Skoyles
– Swedish authorities concerned cashless society is happening 'too quickly' and heading into 'negative spiral'
– Only 25% of Swedes paid in cash at least once a week in 2017, 36% never use cash
– Cash usage in Sweden falling both as share of GDP and in nominal terms
– Sweden may be world's first economy to introduce a cryptocurrency, the e-krona
– Cashless is not a disincentive for illegal drug trade, Guardian finds
– Gold in safe jurisdictions will protect against raids on cash and wealth
The total value of cash payments in Sweden is just 2% of GDP. Two-thirds of people rarely use cash and even homeless Big Issue sellers are accepting cards. These are the statistics of Sweden's cashless society. A country, which is often touted as the most cashless on earth, is in part proud of these numbers but also wonders if it might be too much too soon.
A campaign, called Kontantupproret ("the cash insurgency), demands that the future of money should be a democratic decision, not left just to banks and businesses. Many believe that the cashless society is leaving the old, unbanked and vulnerable behind.
The concerns are so great that a parliamentary review has been launched and central bank, Riksbank, is planning on launching a study into the unintended consequences of the cashlesss society, this summer.
"If this development with cash disappearing happens too fast, it can be difficult to maintain the infrastructure" for handling cash, said Mats Dillen, the head of the parliamentary review. ""One may get into a negative spiral which can threaten the cash infrastructure," Dillen said.
Banks are now so loathed to work with cash that Riksbank Governor Stefan Ingves has said they may consider forcing banks to provide cash to customers. But this is tricky when the wider economy is no longer set up to accept it.
As we have highlighted before, going cashless may make sense to many businesses in terms of keeping costs down but it makes the most sense to the government and banks who gain full oversight and access to your money once it can only be kept in digital form.
This cashless dream is likely to turn into a nightmare. Not only for the vulnerable but also for anyone who likes to have the final say on what happens to their wealth.
Disappearing Cash in Sweden, 1995 - 2018
- Click to enlarge
Sweden's Gone Too Far
The value of cash in circulation has fallen to its lowest level since 1990 and is more than 40% below its 2007 peak. The extreme push for cashless has seen the amount of cash in circulation fall, especially dramatically in 2016 and 2017.
Strangely the central bank are now looking into launching the e-krona, a digital currency which will work as a complement rather than a replacement to cash. The jury is out on whether or not this is as much a PR stunt as it is a further 'solution' for the cashless economy.
Sweden may have moved too quickly as protest groups are beginning to rally against the cashless economy. Some declare the refusal to accept cash as undemocratic whilst the elderly are being rapidly locked out of services that would have previously been open to cash payments.
If you have the means to pay in the legal tender (in this case krone) then who is to say how you can pay? After all, currently cash is not illegal, so why are so many people being made to feel like they're wrong to use it?
Going cashless arguably increases the number of vulnerable economic participants. This isn't meant in reference to those who are unbanked. In fact, the opposite: Those who are currently society's least vulnerable – those with savings, investment portfolios and a good banking relationship – could become extremely vulnerable.
How do you go cashless without a bank?
There is also the issue of those who are simply unable to offer anything other than cash – the unbanked.
"The beauty of cash is that it's a direct and simple transaction between all kinds of different people, no matter how rich or poor," financial writer Dominic Frisby told The Guardian. "If you begin to insist on cashlessness, it does put pressure on you to be banked and signed up to financial system, and many of the poorest are likely to remain outside of that system. So there is this real danger of exclusion."
In Sweden, the unbanked is not a major issue. But, in the likes of America where 7% are unbanked and in developing countries it is a problem.
Banks and governments are keen to 'on-board' these customers as easily as possible, but in some cases it is just not worth it.
"Billions of poor people in the developing world depend on cash to buy goods for very small amounts, often mere cents," Srinivasan Sivabalan wrote in Bloomberg. "It may be too costly to host those transactions on a network. That could create a second-class citizenry of people who don't have equal access to banking services."
Criminalising cash thanks to its criminal links
One of the major arguments against cash, by governments, is that it facilitates illegal activities such as money laundering and the drug trade. Last year, we highlighted the Swedish authorities' role in making cash an almost criminal possession:
"In general, the rule of thumb in Scandinavia is: 'If you have to pay in cash, something is wrong,'" writes Mikael Krogerus for Credit Suisse. Arvidsson explains that "At the offices which do handle banknotes and coins, the customer must explain where the cash comes from, according to the regulations aimed at money laundering and terrorist financing," The hassle, for the depositor, is enough to make them go cashless.
Here in the UK, cash as a criminal's payment of choice has been widely touted but it might not be so relevant. The Guardian spoke to several individuals and businesses about how cashless could or was impacting them. One of them was a drug dealer who fundamentally disagreed that the push for cashless would stop drug dealing:
People always go on about how the cashless society will spell the end of drug dealing but although I started selling for cash on the street, my trade has been entirely online for the last couple of years at least. There are different ways customers can pay for drugs on the darknet. They can use Bitcoins, localbitcoins, virtual private networks or [an operating system called] Tails. Buying on the darknet is more risky for dealers than customers.
Compared to selling on the street, the darknet is easier and safer for me – and also more profitable because I sell in bulk rather than dealing with individual pills and small bags of weed. And because I'm selling in bulk, my prices are lower than when I dealt on the street, so it's a win-win.
I've heard some people say the darknet is the next generation of drug dealing. But from where I'm looking, it's this generation's way of buying drugs. Cash never comes anywhere near buyer or seller, so all the government's promises that the cashless society would outlaw drug dealing are a lie.
Making the stronger, weaker.
By demanding one pays just with digital cash – by card, by digital currency etc. then you are demanding that a person store their wealth with a counterparty.
Of course, the majority of us do this for many elements of our wealth, especially that which we use for day-to-day expenses. But, currently we have the option to hold some in cash and some in digital form. If we go cashless then we can no longer do this.
This makes us vulnerable to huge forces, beyond our control. Namely, malicious hackers and the banks with their all-too-easy-to-invoke bail-in policies.
As interest rates turn negative and the risk of bail-ins grows closer by the day, holding cash appears increasingly attractive but also unattractive for those politicians and bankers who want an easy way out of another financial crisis.
Physical assets such as gold and silver, when held in segregated, allocated accounts cannot fall victim to these sticky fingered forces. As Dr. Constantin Gurdgiev reminds us:
Cash and monetary assets, such as gold, cannot be expropriated or bailed-in as long as they are held in physical form and under proper storage. Cashless accounts amplify the importance of monetary assets, such as gold, in fulfilling the function of being safe havens against systemic risks – risks that are associated with high probability of Government expropriation.
Once all of your money is in the digital banking system you are immediately vulnerable. You can get ready for it to be frozen, taken to fund a bail-in and even taxed. And in the meantime, enjoy governments, banks and possibly large corporations knowing what you're spending your money on.
What's the alternative?
Of course, if you find yourself in Sweden or any other country pushing the cashless agenda you may feel there is little you can do to 'opt out' of the new regime.
There is one thing you can do and that's in regard to your savings. Of course, your day to day spending money will have to be in the form of fiat-based cashless payments but what you decide to keep in the bank in the short-term does not have to be cash.
Cash and other forms of intangible assets are difficult to protect in this digital era.
Dostoevsky wrote, 'Money is coined liberty'. Sadly this only remains true for one form of money: gold and silver. It is no longer the case for cash. History shows multiple attempts of wealth confiscation and restrictions on freedom, each time individuals and governments have returned to gold and silver in order to protect their savings and their privacy.
The role of precious metals in a cashless society are key and investors should remember the importance of diversification and holding assets, under direct ownership, outside of the vulnerable and exposed banking system.
About Jan Skoyles
Jan was inspired to work in the gold and silver investment markets after working with fund manager Ned Naylor-Leyland, at Cheviot Asset Management. After working with Ned in 2010 Jan wrote her dissertation on the use of precious metals in the monetary system, and graduated with first class honours from Aston University in 2011. Jan then joined The Real Asset Company, and became Head of Research in September 2012. Her thoughts and opinions on gold prices, when to buy gold, how to buy gold, and many other issues facing gold investors, are sought by a range of media including investment sites such as Kitco, GATA, Lewrockwell.com, national media outlets including the Mail on Sunday, The Telegraph, and news channels like RT.
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Permanent link to this article: https://snbchf.com/2018/03/skoyles-gold-protects-cashless-society-threatens/
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