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Home Publishers Marvel SDCC '17: Anna Paquin schooled husband Stephen Moyer on X-Men universe for...
SDCC '17
SDCC '17: Anna Paquin schooled husband Stephen Moyer on X-Men universe for Fox's THE GIFTED
Hannah Lodge
The X-Men will be making an appearance on Fox this fall with the new series The Gifted – a one hour drama by Matt Nix starring Stephen Moyer and Amy Acker as the Struckers, parents of mutant children who have to take their family on the run to protect it. Though the show will be set in a distinct and separate timeline from the movies, it will still inhabit the X-Men universe and features characters like Blink (Jamie Chung), Polaris (Emma Dumont), and Thunderbird (Blair Redford).
Moyer told press at San Diego Comic Con that his wife, Anna Paquin, who played Rogue on the big screen, helped him prepare for the part:
Anna has done four of these movies, and so she knows the world backwards. She's worked with Bryan [Singer, director of X-Men and The Gifted's pilot] on three of those occasions, so she knows Bryan extremely well, and so she's a big fan of everything he brings to the table. She's a big believer in doing a bunch of research. She showed me a few places she had gotten information from – not just comics, but also on the internet. As an actor, the internet is am amazing resource. We get to be able to go down the rabbit hole when it comes to research. And Marvel made comic books available to us through Marvel Unlimited, which was wonderful.
Amy Acker, who fans my recognize from as Fred from Angel, said her research focused on the civil rights issues the series examines. "Websites with advice for coming out to your parents, or for parents, how they should respond," she said. "For me, that's an interesting part of this show and our parts: that we've always known this is there, and what happens when the guilt of 'Maybe we should have been doing more all along.'"
Coby Bell, who will play Agent Jace Turner, a man wrestling with the moral ambiguity of his job requirements, joked that his preparation was a little different: "I was just told to do sit-ups!"
The Gifted will premiere on Monday, October 2nd at 9 P.M.
#sdcc '17
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King & Walta's VISION is the comic you need to read to understand WANDAVISION
Marvel celebrates Darkhawk's 30th anniversary with DARKHAWK: HEART OF THE HAWK special
Emilia 07/25/2017 3:03 pm At 3:03 pm
I find it annoying that Acker plays just the boring brave mom to be honest. She barely gets to talk because of it. Why she can't play a mutant? She's a talented gorgeous woman who always brings depth into her characters she was born to play action heroes.
Is it because of her age? News flash: she doesn't look her age. And even if she did – what, no woman in her age can play a mutant? marvel/fox ageism is astounding.
Ken 07/25/2017 4:29 pm At 4:29 pm
Yeah if we'll lucky this show will last for a season only and after this Amy will get really good role she deserves and not some suburban mum without powers.


Ja Ja Ja made an interview with northern Finnish indierockers The Scenes and have asked for "10 songs that have changed their lives". In return they got back 9. (On position #7. the band listed "MTV music videos 1998-2002". See the interview here . playlist list here on spotify.


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Aérospatiale Alouette III
(Redirected from HAL Chetak)
Light helicopter family by Sud Aviation, later Aerospatiale
SA 316/SA 319 Alouette III
A Netherlands Air Force Alouette III during '100th Anniversary of Dutch Military Aviation' airshow
Light utility helicopter
Primary users
French Armed Forces
Rhodesian Air Force
Indian Armed Forces[N 1]
Portuguese Air Force[1]
South African Air Force[1] (historical)
Bangladesh Air Force[1] (historical)
(HAL Chetak still in production)
Developed from
Aérospatiale Alouette II
IAR 316
Developed into
Aérospatiale Gazelle
Atlas XH-1 Alpha
The Aérospatiale Alouette III (French pronunciation: [alwɛt], Lark; company designations SA 316 and SA 319) is a single-engine, light utility helicopter developed by French aircraft company Sud Aviation. During its production life, it proved to be a relatively popular rotorcraft; including multiple licensed manufacturers, in excess of 2,000 units were constructed.
The Alouette III was developed as an enlarged derivative of the earlier and highly successful Alouette II. Sharing many elements with its predecessor while offering an extra pair of seats and other refinements, it quickly became a commercial success amongst both civil and military customers. Further variants were also developed; amongst these was a high-altitude derivative, designated as the SA 315B Lama, entered operational service during July 1971. The Alouette III was principally manufactured by Aérospatiale; the type was also built under licence by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in India as the HAL Chetak, by Industria Aeronautică Română (IAR) in Romania as the IAR 316 and F+W Emmen (de) in Switzerland.
Similar to the Alouette II, in military service, it was used to perform missions such as aerial observation, photography, air-sea rescue, liaison, transport and training; it could also be armed with anti-tank missiles, anti-shipping torpedoes, and a fixed cannon. In a civilian capacity, the Alouette III was commonly used for casualty evacuation (often fitted with a pair of external stretcher panniers), crop-spraying, personnel transportation, and for carrying external loads. By the 2010s, many operators were in the process of drawing down their fleets and replacing them with more modern types; the French military intend to replace their Alouette IIIs with the newly-developed Airbus Helicopters H160.[2]
1.2 Into flight
1.3 Overseas production
2 Operational history
2.1 Argentina
2.3 Austria
2.4 Bangladesh
2.5 Chile
2.6 Denmark
2.8 Ireland
2.9 India
2.10 Pakistan
2.11 Portugal
2.12 Rhodesia
2.13 South Africa
2.14 Suriname
2.15 Switzerland
4.1 Current military operators
4.2 Former military operators
5 Specifications (SA 316B)
Development[edit]
The Alouette III has its origins with an earlier helicopter design by French aircraft manufacturer Sud-Est, the SE 3120 Alouette, which, while breaking several helicopter speed and distance records in July 1953, was deemed to have been too complex to be realistic commercial product.[3][4] Having received financial backing from the French government, which had taken an official interest in the venture, the earlier design was used as a starting point for a new rotorcraft that would harness the newly developed turboshaft engine; only a few years prior, Joseph Szydlowski, the founder of Turbomeca, had successfully managed to develop the Artouste, a 260 hp (190 kW) single shaft turbine engine derived from his Orédon turbine engine. This engine was combined with the revised design to quickly produce a new helicopter, initially known as the SE 3130 Alouette II.[3][5][6]
During April 1956, the first production Alouette II was completed, becoming the first production turbine-powered helicopter in the world.[3] The innovative light helicopter soon broke several world records and became a commercial success.[7][8] As a result of the huge demand for the Alouette II, manufacturer Aérospatiale took a great interest in the development of derivatives, as well as the more general ambition of embarking on further advancement in the field of rotorcraft.[9]
In accordance with these goals, the company decided to commit itself to a new development programme with the aim of developing a more powerful helicopter that would be capable of accommodating up to 7 seats or a pair of stretchers. The design team was managed by French aerospace engineer René Mouille.[9][10][11] The design produced, which was initially designated as the SE 3160, featured several improvements over the Alouette II; efforts were made to provide for a higher level of external visibility for the pilot as well as for greater aerodynamic efficiency via the adoption of a highly streamlined exterior.[9]
Into flight[edit]
Cockpit and flying controls of an Alouette III
On 28 February 1959, the first prototype SE 3160 performed its maiden flight, piloted by French aviator Jean Boulet.[9][10] Shortly thereafter, the SE 3160 would become more commonly known as the Alouette III. During its flight test programme, the prototype demonstrated its high altitude capabilities on several occasions; in June 1959, it landed at an altitude of over 4,000 meters in the Mont Blanc mountain range and, during October 1960, it was able to achieve the same feat at an altitude in excess of 6,000 meters in the Himalayas. During these attempts, it was flown by Jean Boulet, who was accompanied by a pair of passengers and 250 kg of equipment.[9]
During 1961, the initial model of the type, designated as the SA 316A (SE 3160), entered serial production.[9] On 15 December 1961, the Alouette III received its airworthiness certificate, clearing it to enter operational service. Despite an order placed by the French Army for an initial batch of 50 Alouette IIIs during June 1961, the first two customers of the rotorcraft were in fact export sales, having been sold outside of France.[9] The Alouette III was specifically designed to fly at high altitudes, as such, it quickly earned a reputation for its favourable characteristics during rescue operations. According to its manufacturer, it was the first helicopter to present an effective multi-mission capability and performance to match with its diverse mission range in both civil or military circles.[9]
The SA 316A model continued to be produced until 1968, when it was replaced by the refined SA 316B model.[9] A key feature of the rotorcraft is its gas turbine engine; while the original variant had been powered by the same Artouste engine of the Alouette II, it was substantially more powerful, being originally rated to produce 880 horsepower, but intentionally de-rated to generate 550 horsepower in service. The more powerful Turbomeca Astazou engine would be adopted on the later models; on 10 July 1967, the first Alouette III to be powered by the Astazou engine performed its first flight.[9] During 1979, the last and 1,437th Alouette III departed from the company's assembly line in Marignane, France, after which the main production line was closed down as a consequence of diminishing demand for the type. During 1985, the final Alouette III was delivered.[9]
Overseas production[edit]
Despite the closure of Aérospatiale 's own production line, the event was not the end of the type's manufacturing activity. Over 500 Alouette IIIs are recorded as having been manufactured under licence abroad in several countries, such as Romania, India, and Switzerland.[9] Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) obtained a licence to construct the Alouette III, which was known locally as the HAL Chetak, at their own production facilities in India.[9] In excess of 300 units were built by HAL; the company has continued to independently update and indigence the helicopter over the decades. A modernised variant of the Chetak has remained production, though at a diminished volume, into the 21st century. Various versions of the Alouette III were also either licence-built or otherwise assembled by IAR in Romania (as the IAR 316), F+W Emmen (de) in Switzerland, and by Fokker and Lichtwerk in the Netherlands.[9][12]
By the 2010s, the majority of Alouette III operators were in the process of winding down or entirely retiring their fleets.[2] During 2017, the French Navy observed that it was costing the service around 13,000 Euros per flight hour to operate a single Alouette III, which it claims was in excess of double the equivalent costs of a modern-day rotorcraft in its class; it attributed this high running cost as being a natural side effect of their fleet's advanced age and an overall shortage of spare parts for the type, which has in turn been caused by the mass production of the Alouette III having been terminated three decades earlier. Furthermore, retirement has also been motived by a lack of modern features that would be present upon contemporary helicopters, which is a natural consequence of the Alouette III having been originally developed during the 1950s.[2]
Operational history[edit]
Danish Navy Alouette III on HDMS Beskytteren in 1977
Argentina[edit]
The Argentine Naval Aviation operated a total of 14 Alouette III helicopters. A single SA316B was on board the ARA General Belgrano when she was sunk by torpedoes fired by HMS Conqueror during the 1982 Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom. A second Alouette III played an important role during the Argentine Invasion of South Georgia. On 2 December 2010, the last example was retired at a ceremony held at BAN Comandante Espora, Bahía Blanca.[13][14]
Australia[edit]
Between April 1964 and 1967, a small batch of Alouette IIIs were delivered from France in a disassembled state to Australia. Following their assembly, these were used by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) at the Woomera Rocket Range for light passenger transport purpose and to assist in the recovery of missile parts in the aftermath of test launches conducted at the Range.[15]
Austria[edit]
Between 1967 and 1969 Austria acquired 12 SE1360 Alouette IIIs which were upgraded to version SE316B. They are used for liasion and transport purposes and play still a vital role in rescue missions in the high mountains of Austria with their side-mounted hook.
They are stationed in Aigen im Ennstal, Klagenfurt and Schwaz in Tirol. [16]
Bangladesh[edit]
Alouette III of Bangladesh Air Force
Indian civilian authorities and the IAF donated 1 DC-3 Dakota (gifted by the Maharaja of Jodhpor), 1 Twin Otter plane, and 1 Alouette III helicopter for the newborn Bangladesh Air Force,[17] which was to take advantage of the lack of night-fighting capability of the PAF to launch hit-and-run attacks on sensitive targets inside Bangladesh from the air.[18] The Alouette III helicopter was rigged to fire 14 rockets from pylons attached to its side and had .303 Browning machine guns installed, in addition to having 1-inch (25 mm) steel plate welded to its floor for extra protection. Squadron Leader Sultan Mahmood, Flight Lieutenant Bodiul Alam, and Captain Shahabuddin, all of whom later won the Bir Uttam gallantry award, operated the helicopter.
Chile[edit]
During 1977, the Chilean Navy ordered a batch of ten SA-319Bs. These rotorcraft, which were delivered by the middle of 1978, were only made operational just before the peak of the Beagle conflict between Chile and neighbouring Argentina. The Alouette III was the first real organic maritime ship borne tactical helicopter to be operated by Chile's naval forces; for this role, they were equipped with a radar and armed with rockets, guns, depth charges and a single light anti-submarine torpedo.[citation needed]
During the frantic training period in 1978 to meet wartime needs, a sole SA-319B was accidentally damaged, leading to it being placed in storage and subsequently repaired back to an airworthy condition years later. All ten Chilean Navy SA-319Bs were operational and in excellent conditions by the end of the 1980s, shortly after which they were replaced by larger SA532 Super Puma helicopters, and were bought by civilian operators.[citation needed]
Denmark[edit]
Between 1962 and 1967, a total of 8 Alouette IIIs were delivered to the Royal Danish Navy. They were primarily tasked with SAR and reconnaissance in support of the navy's Arctic patrol ships. During 1982, they were replaced by a batch of British Westland Lynx.[19]
France[edit]
French Navy Alouette III on the frigate La Motte-Picquet
During early 1960, the Alouette III officially entered squadron service with the French armed forces. In June 1971, having been suitably impressed by the type's performance so far, the French Army elected to order a force of 50 Alouette IIIs for their own purposes.[citation needed] Amongst the most noteworthy uses that France applied the type to was the first use of helicopter-based anti-tank missiles in the form of the SS.11 MCLOS wire-guided missile.[20]
During June 1960, an Alouette III carrying seven people successfully performed both take-offs and landings on Mont Blanc in the French Alps at an altitude of 4,810 meters (15,780 feet), an unprecedented altitude for such activities by a helicopter at the time.[21] The same helicopter again demonstrated the type's extraordinary performance in November 1960 by making take-offs and landings with a crew of two and a payload of 250 kg (551 lbs) in the Himalayas at an altitude of 6,004 meters (19,698 feet).[21]
During June 2004, the Alouette III was retired from the French Air Force after 32 years of successful service, having been entirely replaced by the newer twin-engined Eurocopter EC 355 Ecureuil 2. The French Army also withdrew the last of their examples during 2013 in favour of more modern rotorcraft.[2]
By 2017, the French Navy were still using the Alouette III in a reduced capacity, nonetheless being used to routinely conduct both Search and Rescue and logistics missions.[22] Since the 1970s, the type has gradually been supplanted by the larger Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin, and later on, by the specialised Eurocopter AS565 Panther as an anti-submarine warfare platform. The use of twin-engined rotorcraft in the maritime environment has become somewhat of an expected standard, one which the single-engined Alouette III cannot satisfy, putting the type at an obvious disadvantage.[2] During January 2018, it was announced that the French Navy would be replacing its remaining Alouette IIIs with rented Aérospatiale SA 330 Pumas as a stop-gap measure; this decision was reportedly taken due to its increasing unreliability, rapidly inflating operating costs, and the sheer age of the fleet.[2][23]
Ireland[edit]
An Irish Air Corps Alouette III, 2011
During 1963, the first pair of Alouette IIIs were delivered to the Irish Air Corps; a third rotorcraft arrived in 1964 and a batch of five further aircraft were delivered between 1972 and 1974. The service ultimately operated a total of eight Alouette IIIs between 1963 and 2007; throughout much of this period, they were the only helicopters operated by the Corps.[citation needed]
On 21 September 2007, the Alouette III was formally retired from the Irish Air Corps during a ceremony held at Baldonnel Aerodrome. During 44 years of successful service, the Irish Alouette III fleet amassed over 77,000 flying hours. As well as routine military missions, the aircraft undertook some 1,717 search-and-rescue missions, saving 542 lives and flew a further 2,882 air ambulance flights. The oldest of the Alouettes, 195, is kept in 'rotors running' condition for the Air Corps Museum.[24]
India[edit]
Indian Navy Chetak during IFR 2016
Under a licensing arrangement between Aérospatiale and Indian aircraft manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the Alouette III has been built under licence by HAL in India. Known locally under the designation HAL Chetak, in excess of 300 rotorcraft have been manufactured to date; the majority of these were acquired for military purposes with the Indian Armed Forces, who have used them to perform various mission roles, including training, transport, CASEVAC (casualty evacuation), communications and liaison roles.[25] By 2017, the Chetak was reportedly serving as the most widely used IAF helicopter for training, light utility and light attack roles.[26]
During 1986, the Indian Government constituted the Army's Aviation Corps; consequently, the majority of Chetaks previously operated by AOP Squadrons were transferred from the Indian Air Force to the Indian Army on 1 November 1986. The Air Force has continued to fly a force of armed Chetaks in the anti-tank role as well as for CASEVAC missions and general duties. During the 2010s, the Chetak is being gradually replaced by the newer HAL Dhruv in the armed forces.[25] An option to re-engine the HAL Chetak with the Turbomeca TM 333-2B engine, which would better facilitate high-altitude operations in the Himalayas was considered, but ultimately not pursued.[citation needed]
In addition to producing the type for Indian customers, HAL has also achieved some export sales of Chetak helicopters to several nations, including Namibia and Suriname.[27][28] India has also opted to donate several secondhand Chetak helicopters to other countries, such as neighbouring Nepal.[29] As of 2017, the Indian Navy has been reportedly recognised the necessity of procuring a replacement for the type.[30]
Pakistan[edit]
During the 1960s, Pakistan purchased a fleet of 35 Alouette III helicopters to equip the Pakistan Air Force (PAF). These saw active combat during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, in which the type was mainly used for liaison and VIP-transport missions. A pair of PAF Alouette IIIs were recorded as having been shot down during the conflict.[31] In 2010, it was announced that Switzerland had come to an agreement with Pakistan for a number of ex-Swiss Alouette IIIs to be donated to the PAF; however, the terms of this agreement restricts their usage to performing search and rescue and disaster relief operations.[32]
Portugal[edit]
Main article: Sud Aviation Alouette III in Portuguese service
Portuguese paratroopers jump from an Alouette III in an air assault operation in Angola in the early 1960s.
Portugal was the first country to use the Alouette III in combat. In 1963, during the Overseas Wars in Angola, Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea, Portugal began using Alouette IIIs in combat, mainly in air assault and medevac operations, where it proved its qualities. Besides the basic transport version (code named canibal, plural canibais), Portugal used a special version of the Alouette III with a MG 151 20 mm autocannon mounted in the rear in order to fire from the left side door; it was designated helicanhão (heli-cannon) and code named lobo mau (big bad wolf).
In the Overseas Wars, the Portuguese usually launched air assaults with groups of six or seven Alouette III: five or six canibais – each usually carrying five paratroopers or commandos – and a lobo mau heli-cannon. The Portuguese practice was for the troops to jump from the canibais when the helicopters were hovering two-three meters above the ground – famous images of these disembarking troops became an iconic image of the war. The landing of the troops was covered by the lobo mau. While the troops performed the ground assault, the canibais moved away from the combat zone, while the lobo mau stayed to provide fire support, destroying enemy resistance and concentration points with the fire from its 20 mm autocannon. Once the ground combat had finished, the canibais returned; firstly to collect the wounded, then the rest of the troops.
At present, the Portuguese Air Force maintains a number of Alouette IIIs in service, mainly for training and SAR. They also equip the aerobatic team Rotores de Portugal.
Rhodesia[edit]
The nation of Rhodesia emerged as a prolific user of both the Alouette II and its enlarged sibling, the Alouette III.[33] Early operations were flown with an emphasis on its use by the Rhodesian Army and British South Africa Police, including paramilitary and aerial reconnaissance operations. Throughout the 1960s, the type progressively spread into additional roles, including aerial supply, casualty evacuation, communications relays, and troop-transports.[34] Rhodesian aerial operations would typically involve flying under relatively high and hot conditions, which reduced the efficiency of aircraft in general; however, the Alouette II proved to be both hardy and relatively resistant to battle damage.[35] In order to extend the inadequate range of the type, fuel caches were strategically deployed across the country to be used for refuelling purposes.[34]
A Rhodesian Alouette III hovering with an underslung cargo, August 1962
At its peak, No. 7 Squadron of the Rhodesian Air Force operated a force of 34 Allouette IIIs, which would normally operate in conjunction with a smaller number of Allouette IIs. They played a major part in the Rhodesian Forces' Fireforce doctrine, in which they would rapidly deploy ground troops, function as aerial observation and command posts, and provide mobile fire support as armed gunships.[36] In order to improve performance, Rhodesia's Alouette fleet was subject to extensive modifications during its service life, including changes to their refueling apparatus, gun sights, and cabin fittings, along with the installation of additional armouring and armaments.[37]
Over time, the Rhodesian Security Forces developed an innovative deployment tactic of rapidly encircling and enveloping enemies, known as the Fireforce, for which the Alouette II was a core component.[33] The quick-reaction Fireforce battalions were typically centred at Centenary and Mount Darwin; however, an deliberate emphasis was placed on locating both rotorcraft and troops as close to a current or anticipated theatre of operations as would be feasibly possible.[38]
South Africa[edit]
A flight of four Alouette IIIs performing an aerobatic display
The Alouette III served for over 44 years in the South African Air Force (SAAF); it is believed that 121 examples were acquired between 1962 and 1975 for the service from France.[39] During 1966, by which point the SAAF had built up a fleet of around 50 Alouette IIIs already, it was decided to dispatch several of the type to support ground troops stationed in South West Africa attempting to contain the emerging South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO); this would be the beginnings of what would become the lengthy South African Border War.[39] The type saw considerable action during the conflict; while initially used for more passive operations such as aerial reconnaissance, from July 1967 onwards, Alouette III participated in active combat missions as well. It was frequently employed as a support platform for performing South African counterstrike operations inside neighbouring Namibia and Angola.[40] Reportedly, a total of eight Alouette IIIs had been listed as having been lost over the conflict zone by the end of the war.[39]
By 1990, there were a total of 70 Alouette III helicopters remaining in active service.[39] Throughout the course of its service life with the SAAF, the Alouette III fleet was recorded as having accumulated in excess of 346,000 flight hours. During June 2006, the last Alouette III was officially withdrawn from SAAF service at a ceremony held at AFB Swartkop, near Pretoria.[40]
During January 2013, reports emerged that South African defense officials were in the process of planning to transfer some of the retired fleet, along with spare parts and associated support equipment, to the Zimbabwean Air Force; South African newspaper Mail & Guardian claimed that the rotorcraft could be used to sway politics in the nation in favour of the incumbent President, Robert Mugabe.[41] However, during February 2013, an interim court order was issued which blocked the proposed sale of South African Alouette IIIs to Zimbabwe.[42] In February 2014, reports emerged that South Africa now intended to sell part of the ex-SAAF fleet to Namibia instead.[43]
Suriname[edit]
During 1986, the South American country of Suriname purchased a pair of secondhand Alouette III helicopters from Portugal. During 1999, the Surinam Air Force opted to retire and sell off its Alouette III helicopters. In their place, three newly-built HAL Chetaks (an Indian version of the Alouette IIIs) were delivered to the Suriname Air Force on 13 March 2015, while the pilots and technicians of the Surinam Air Force underwent training on the type in Bangalore, India for some time.[44][45][46]
Switzerland[edit]
Formation flight of 10 Alouette IIIs, 2010
During 1964, the Swiss Air Force opted to procure a batch of nine Alouette III rotorcraft directly from Aérospatiale; further orders included one placed in 1966 for 15 more. In addition, a total of 60 SA-316Bs (often referred to as the F+W Alouette IIIS) were licence-assembled by F+W Emmen [fr; de] in Switzerland.[citation needed]
During 2004, the Swiss Armed Forces announced the expected withdrawal of the Alouette III from front-line service would commence by 2006 and that it was to be entirely retired by 2010; they have been replaced by a smaller force of 20 new-built Eurocopter EC635s. Since their retirement, at least 10 ex-Swiss Alouettes have been gifted to Pakistan to perform search and rescue operations.[32]
Variants[edit]
SA 316A : the first production version. Original designation SE 3160.[47]
SA 316B : powered by a 425 kW (570 shp) Turboméca Artouste IIIB turboshaft engine, with strengthened main and tail rotor for greater performance. The SA 316B was built under licence in India as the HAL Chetak, and again under licence in Romania as the IAR 316.[48]
HAL Chetak : Indian production version of the SA 316B.[48]
HAL Chetan:HAL/Turbomecca TM 333-2M2 Shakti engine.
IAR 316 : Romanian production version of the SA 316B.[49]
F+W Alouette IIIS : 60 SA-316B licence-assembled in Switzerland by F+W Emmen (de) between 1970 and 1974.
The SA 319B was a direct development of the SA 316B, it was powered with a 649 kW (870 shp) Turbomeca Astazou XIV turbo shaft engine, but it was derated to 447 kW (660 hp).[48]
The SA 316C was powered by a Turbomeca Artouste IIID turboshaft engine. The SA 316C was only built in small numbers.[48]
G-Car and K-Car : Helicopter gunship versions for the Rhodesian Air Force.[50] The G-Car was armed with two side-mounted Browning .303 or a single 7.62mm MAG machine guns. The K-Car was armed with a 20 mm MG 151 cannon, fitted inside the cabin, firing from the port side of the helicopter.
SA.3164 Alouette-Canon: Modified in 1964 as a gunship version armed with a 20mm gun in the nose and external hardpoints for missiles mounted on each side of the fuselage. Only one prototype was built.[51]
IAR 317 Airfox: A Romanian helicopter gunship project based on the IAR 316. Only three prototypes were ever built.[49]
Atlas XH-1 Alpha: South African two-seat attack helicopter project. It was used in the development of the Denel Rooivalk.[48][52]
Operators[edit]
Current military operators[edit]
Austrian Alouette III over the Alps
HAL Chetak from Indian Navy's INS Rana.
An Alouette III used by the Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta during a flying display.
Angola Defence Force[53]
Austrian Air Force[53]
Belgian Air Force[53]
Bolivian Air Force[53]
Burundi National Army[53]
Chad Air Force[53]
Congo Democratic Air Force[53]
Ethiopian Air Force[53]
French Navy[53]
Gabonese Air Force[53]
Hellenic Navy[54]
Indian Air Force[53]
Indian Army[53]
Indian Navy[53]
Indonesian Army[53]
Maltese Air Wing[53]
Mauritius Police Force[55]
Namibian Air Force[53]
Pakistan Air Force[53]
Pakistan Army[53]
Pakistan Navy[53]
Portuguese Air Force[53]
Surinam Air Force[53]
Swaziland Air Force[53]
Tunisian Air Force[53]
Air Force of Zimbabwe[53]
Former military operators[edit]
Circa 1980, a Royal Danish Navy's Alouette III on a Hvidbjørnen-class inspection vessel.
Irish Air Corps SA-316B Alouette III, 212 from 3 Operations Wing at RNAS Yeovilton in July 2006
An Alouette III (SA316B) of the Royal Netherlands Air Force
Portuguese Rotores de Portugal aerobatic team's Alouette III helicopter
Aérospatiale SA 316 Alouette III of the Swiss Air Force
Abu Dhabi Air Wing[56]
Argentine Naval Aviation[57]
Biafran armed forces[58]
Bangladesh Air Force[59]
Bophuthatswana Air Force[60]
Burma Air Force[61]
Chilean Navy[62]
Royal Danish Navy[63]
Dominican Air Force[64]
Ecuadorian Navy[65]
Air Force of El Salvador[66]
French Air Force[67]
French Army[68]
Sécurité Civile[69]
Ghana Air Force[70]
Guinean Air Force[71]
Guinea-Bissau Air Force[72]
Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force[73]
Iraq Air Force[74]
Irish Air Corps[75]
Jordanian Air Force[76]
Lebanese Air Force[77]
Libyan Air Force[78]
Libyan National Army[78]
Malagasy Air Force[79]
Malawi Army Air Wing[78]
Mexican Air Force[80]
Mexican Navy[80]
Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie[81]
Mozambique Air Force[81]
Royal Netherlands Air Force[82][83]
Sandinista Air Force[84]
Peruvian Air Force[85]
Peruvian Army[85]
Peruvian Naval Aviation[85]
Rhodesian Air Force[86]
Rwandan Defence Force[87]
Royal Saudi Air Force[88]
Seychelles Air Force[89]
Singapore Air Force[90]
South African Air Force[91]
Republic of Korea Naval Air Arm operated 12 SA-319Bs since 1977 in the various roles: shipborne reconnaissance, ASW, ASuW as well as a training platform. Last three were retired on 3 December 2019 in a ceremony at homebase Mokpo AB.
62 Maritime Helicopter Group RoKNAA
609 Education & Training Unit RoKNAA
621 Flight Squadron RoKNAA
1st Flight Training Squadron RoKNAA
South Vietnamese air force[92]
Spanish Air Force[93]
Spanish Army[94]
Swiss Air Force[95]
Upper Volta Air Force[96]
Venezuelan Air Force[97]
FR Yugoslavia
Yugoslav Air Force[98]
Zaire Air Force[99]
Specifications (SA 316B)[edit]
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77,[100]
Capacity: 5 passengers
Length: 10.03 m (32 ft 11 in)
Height: 3 m (9 ft 10 in)
Empty weight: 1,143 kg (2,520 lb)
Gross weight: 2,200 kg (4,850 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Turbomeca Artouste IIIB turboshaft
Main rotor diameter: 11.02 m (36 ft 2 in)
Main rotor area: 95.38 m2 (1,026.7 sq ft)
Maximum speed: 210 km/h (130 mph, 110 kn) at sea level
Cruise speed: 185 km/h (115 mph, 100 kn)
Range: 540 km (340 mi, 290 nmi)
Service ceiling: 3,200 m (10,500 ft)
Rate of climb: 4.3 m/s (850 ft/min)
France portal
Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama
Hughes OH-6 Cayuse
Related lists
List of rotorcraft
^ Major foreign users of the Alouette III are Indian Air Force (300+ delivered), Portuguese Air Force (179 delivered) and South African Air Force (118 delivered).[1]
Citations[edit]
^ a b c d "SIPRI arms transfer database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
^ a b c d e f Trevithick, Joseph. "The French Navy Is Finally Retiring These Antique Helicopters After 55 Years of Service." Archived 28 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine thedrive.com, 22 January 2018.
^ a b c "1955: SE3130 "Alouette II"." Archived 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine Eurocopter, Retrieved: 20 December 2015.
^ Boyne 2011, p. 101.
^ McGownen 2005, p. 226.
^ "FAI Record ID #9874 – Altitude without payload. Class E-1 (Helicopters), turbine Archived 17 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine" Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 21 September 2014.
^ Taylor 1966, p. 2.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "1959: SA3160/ SA316/ SA319 B "Alouette III"." Archived 19 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine Airbus Helicopters, Retrieved: 18 February 2018.
^ a b McGownen 2005, p. 75.
^ Polmar and Kennedy 1981, p. 32.
^ Adiós Alouette Archived 8 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Argentine Navy's Final Alouette III Retired". Air Forces Monthly. Key Publishing Ltd (275): 24. March 2011. ISSN 0955-7091.
^ "Father Christmas always arrives in a helicopter." Archived 29 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine listeningtothepast.com.au, 2 December 2017.
^ "Webpage of the Austrian Airforce"
^ "Armed Forces Overviews: Bangladesh". Scramble. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
^ "BAF History – Bangladesh Air Force". www.baf.mil.bd. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
^ Schrøder, Hans (1991). "Royal Danish Airforce". Ed. Kay S. Nielsen. Tøjhusmuseet, 1991, p. 1–64. ISBN 87-89022-24-6.
^ Boyne 2011, p. 74.
^ a b Donald 1997, p. 22.
^ Laurent Lagneau (5 December 2017). "La Marine nationale envisage de louer des hélicoptères civils d'occasion pour remplacer ses Alouette III" (in French). Zone militaire. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
^ Cabirol, Michel. "En attendant le H160, l'armée va louer des Dauphin pour remplacer ses antiques Alouette." Archived 23 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine La Tribune, 19 January 2018.
^ "New Wings for the Irish Air Corps". airsceneuk.org.uk. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
^ a b Rahul Singh (5 January 2017). "Cheetah, Chetak choppers to retire after string of crashes raise safety concerns". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
^ "The Chetak's Hyderabad connect." Archived 28 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine Deccan Chronicle, 20 December 2017.
^ "HAL delivers Namibian helicopters". defenceWeb. 15 February 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
^ Dylan Malyasov (16 March 2015). "Suriname Air Force gets 3 Chetak helicopters from India". Defense Blog. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
^ Upreti 2008, p. 119.
^ Raghuvanshi, Vivek. "Indian Navy floats $10B helicopter acquisition program." defensenews.com, 23 August 2017.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 May 2006. Retrieved 28 May 2006. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ a b "Switzerland Gives Its Alouette III Helicopters to Pakistan to Reinforce Search and Rescue Assets." Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine defense-aerospace.com, 8 September 2010.
^ a b Cocks 2015, p. 18.
^ Cocks 2015, p. 19.
^ "Rhodesian Air Force – No 7 Squadron". Rhodesian Army Association. Archived from the original on 30 November 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
^ Cocks 2015, pp. 20–22.
^ a b c d Wessels, André. "The South African Air Force, 1920–2012: A Review of its History and an Indication of its Cultural Heritage." Archived 28 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine Scientia Militaria, vol 40, no 3, 2012, pp. 222–249.
^ a b Dean Wingrin. "The South African Air Force". saairforce.co.za. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
^ Brümmer, Stefaans and Craig McKune. "South Africa's helicopter gift for Mugabe." Archived 28 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine Mail & Guardian, 25 January 2013.
^ SABC: Zim helicopter interdict confirmed. Archived 2 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine sabc.co.za, 2 February 2013.
^ "South African Alouette IIIs apparently destined for Namibia, not Zimbabwe." Archived 29 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine defenceweb.co.za, 18 February 2014.
^ "2014 August 17 – Times of Suriname – grootste landelijke dagblad van Suriname". Times of Suriname – grootste landelijke dagblad van Suriname. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
^ "Starnieuws – Eerste Chetak helikopter in elkaar gezet op basis Luchtmacht". starnieuws.com. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
^ "Starnieuws – Luchtmacht neemt Chetak-helikopters in gebruik". starnieuws.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
^ Chant 2014, pp. 348–349.
^ a b c d e Chant 2014, p. 349.
^ a b Chant 2014, pp. 349–415.
^ Wood, J.R.T (2009). Counter-strike From the Sky: The Rhodesian All-arms Fireforce in the War in the Bush 1974–1980. 30° South Publishers. ISBN 1-920143-33-5.
^ "SA 3164 "Alouette Canon" – Stingray's List of Rotorcraft". google.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "World Air Forces 2018". Flightglobal Insight. 2018. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
^ "Aircraft Fleet". Hellenic Navy Official Website. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
^ Martin, Guy. "Mauritius commissions patrol vessel, receives two helicopters – defenceWeb". www.defenceweb.co.za. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
^ "World Air Forces 1975". flightglobal.com. p. 291. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
^ "Comando de Aviacion Naval Argentina Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ Jowett, Philip (2016). Modern African Wars (5): The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967–70. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-1472816092.
^ "World Air Forces 1983". flightglobal.com. p. 327. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "World Air Forces 1987". flightglobal.com. p. 44. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Armada de Chile Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Kongelige Danske Marine Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Armada Ecuatoriana Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Fuerza Aerea Salvadoreña Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Armée de L'air SA 316". Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Securite Civile Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "World Air Forces 2013" (PDF). Flightglobal Insight. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "World Air Forces 1987". flightglobal.com. p. 59. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "World Air Forces 1983 pg .346". flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Royal Hong Kong Aux. Air Force Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Aer Chór na hÉireann Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ a b c "World Air Forces 1987". flightglobal.com. p. 68. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ a b "World Air Forces 1987". flightglobal.com. p. 72. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Alouette III helicopter". defensie.nl. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
^ "Bluebird's last flight – Vertical Magazine". Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
^ "World Air Forces 1987". flightglobal.com. p. 74. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ a b c "World Air Forces 1987". flightglobal.com. p. 77. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Republic of Singapore Air Force Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Military Helicopter Market 1971". flightglobal.com. p. 581. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
^ "Ejercito del aire Alouette III". Archived from the original on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Fuerzas Aeromóviles del Ejército de Tierra Alouette III". Archived from the original on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "schweizer luftwaffe Alouette III". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Fuerza Aerea de Venezuela Alouette III". Archived from the original on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "World Air Forces 1987". flightglobal.com. p. 67. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
Andrade, John (1982). Militair 1982. London: Aviation Press Limited. ISBN 0-907898-01-7.
Boyne, Walter. "How the Helicopter Changed Modern Warfare." Pelican Publishing Company, 2011. ISBN 1-4556-1568-4.
Chant, Christopher. "A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware." Routledge, 2014. ISBN 1134646682.
Cocks, Kerrin. "Rhodesian Fire Force 1966–80." Helion and Company, 2015. ISBN 1-91029-405-5.
Donald, David, ed. The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
Hatch, Paul (5–11 December 1990). "World's Air Forces". Flight International. pp. 35–81.
Hoyle, Craig (6–12 December 2016). "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International. Vol. 190 no. 5566. pp. 22–53.
McGownen, Stanley. "Helicopters: An Illustrated History of Their Impact." ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 1-8510-9468-7.
Polmar, Norman and Floyd D. Kennedy. "Military helicopters of the world: military rotary-wing aircraft since 1917." Naval Institute Press, 1981. ISBN 0-8702-1383-0.
Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1966.
Taylor, John W R. (editor) (1976). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77. London: Jane's Yearbooks. ISBN 0-354-00538-3. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
Upreti, Bhuwan Chandra. "Maoists in Nepal: From Insurgency to Political Mainstream." Gyan Publishing House, 2008. ISBN 8-1783-5687-2.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aérospatiale Alouette III.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aérospatiale_Alouette_III&oldid=935778616#India"
1950s French civil utility aircraft
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The Rowan County Boys Golf Team played in the Eagle Trace Invitational II on September 5th, 2015 held at Eagle Trace Golf Course. The team scored a season best with a team score of 360 finishing 8th in a field of 15. Leading the team with a score of 81 was Freshman Luke Burrows.


Soak up the luxury and splendor of the lavish, one of the first "It" hotels on the glittering Peruvian coast. Leave your bags with the porter and your cares at the door. Inside the plush, aquatic-hued Paracas Luxury Collection by Marriott, a soothing, slowed-down world of total relaxation awaits. Ideally located on the Paracas Bay in front of the nature reserve of Paracas, the hotel's five-star amenities include 2 swimming pools, a bar-lounge and deluxe spa. There are a variety of family-oriented activities and a Kid's Club area.
Aranwa Paracas Resort & Spa exemplifies the appeal of a tour to the seaside town of Paracas, located 3 hours by car from the capital city of Lima. With 115 rooms, 2 swimming pools, children's area, fully-equipped spa, private dock with lounge bar, Pisco bar, and a large restaurant serving delicious cuisine against a backdrop of panoramic views over the bay, Aranwa Paracas presents visitors with a chance to unwind. All guestrooms overlook the resort's swimming pool facing the Paracas Bay and feature small balconies and the luxurious in-room amenities typical of Aranwa resorts. Nearby attractions include the Paracas Natural Reserve, the Ballestas Islands, and the Julio C. Tello Museum in Pisco dedicated to the ancient Paracas culture.
This understated hotel offers comfortable accommodations in the spectacular seaside setting of Paracas, a town just a few short hours from Lima and on the way to the Nazca Lines. Spacious guestrooms, suites, and bungalows are all tastefully decorated in a minimalist style combining the earthy tones of polished wood and brick tiling with white-washed walls and contemporary furniture. Each room has a bathtub and a private terrace, while the hotel's grounds boast a luxurious spa, swimming pool, bar, and restaurant.
The Doubletree Resort by Hilton Peru, which opened in March 2009, is a luxury resort that allows visitors to take advantage of comfortable and relaxing accommodations surrounded by stunning views while they explore the natural splendor and archaeological wonders of Paracas Bay. The spacious suites are spread throughout the 2-story hotel and feature private terraces with views of the bay or the hotel's gardens. The 2-room suites offer a variety of amenities for those accustomed to the best international hotels. On your Peru vacation, let yourself be enchanted by the magnificent service and 8,000-square-foot swimming pool with views of Paracas Bay.
Situated on the edge of the bay, Hotel San Agustin Paracas is the only hotel with ocean views from every one of its 123 rooms. The well-equipped rooms feature private bathroom, shower, hair dryer, 32" LCD TV with cable, telephone, safety box, minibar, and cooling fan. Make the most of your leisure time at the outdoor saltwater pool, beach volleyball court, football/basketball court, and games room. Additional facilities include a bar, restaurant, free wireless Internet in the lobby, computer room, gym, laundry service, luggage storage, and on-site ATM.
Centrally located for exploration of El Chaco, Gran Palma is an excellent budget hotel option in Paracas. Just a few minutes' walk gets you to the main boulevard, the artisan market, and the main square where you can catch a boat ride to the Ballestas Islands. Choose from 20 modern room all equipped with private bathrooms hot water, cable TV, and complimentary wireless Internet access. Breakfast is served on the 4th floor terrace with gorgeous views to the sea.


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My Love Affair With the Press Dec. 9, 2020
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To Be Third
Lester Jacobson Posted on February 23, 2018 by Lester Jacobson February 23, 2018
Evanston RoundTable, Feb. 22, 2018
David Baskin grew up in Evanston and like a lot of kids who went to ETHS, got to know and admire Ross Freeland. Ross taught statistics, which David took in his senior year, and was the assistant coach on the Wildkit baseball team, where David played for four seasons.
They bonded, David recalled recently while visiting his family in Evanston, over morning batting practice at school. Ross would come every day before classes to pitch to David. "Those practice sessions symbolized who Ross was," David said. "He was quiet, sincere, and always there for you. He didn't make a show of things, he simply showed up when you needed him. As we grew older, that took many forms—calling in times of need, being a true friend. He was always there, on time and ready to throw.
"He changed my life, gave me a confidence I didn't know I was capable of. I loved him dearly."
David carried that love and confidence with him to Denison University and then, a year after he graduated, to Israel, where he went to live.
It was while serving in the Israeli Army that he learned Ross Freeland had died of stomach cancer in March of 2016.
Traveling home on a two-day pass, David managed to attend the memorial the following month. The service was held in a jam-packed ETHS auditorium. Many people—Ross's students, his colleagues, his wife, the head baseball coach—shared their memories and appreciation of Ross.
David didn't speak, but he kept thinking about a philosophy Ross shared with his students. It was about putting other people ahead of oneself. Ross would say: "First comes the greater good, the welfare of others is second, and I am third."
He had a chance to put this philosophy into practice back in Israel. He had served part of his Army stint along the Syrian border, and participated in Operation Good Neighbor, helping Syrians in need of medical care. Working with the so-called enemy, connecting with them through humanitarian aid, was his first real experience helping others.
When David finished his Army service in July 2016 he started his own program, called Ani Shlishi, which in Hebrew means "I am third." The not-for-profit collects items donated by soldiers, civilians, and department stores and sells them at "pop-up" shops in markets and universities. The money collected goes toward trade school scholarships as well as donations of clothing, books, and school supplies for impoverished and at-risk youth, both Arab and Israeli.
"Everything we do is guided by the philosophy 'I'm Third,' and of giving other people opportunities," says David.
Last year Ani Shlishi donated more than 40,000 pounds of clothing and raised more than $10,000 toward scholarships.
It is a fitting memorial to a great role model, and a reminder of the good one can do if you put others ahead of yourself.
Posted in Journalism	permalink
To Be Third — 3 Comments
William J. Jacobson on February 23, 2018 at 1:18 pm said:
very nice, Lester
Jim Dudas on February 23, 2018 at 1:23 pm said:
Good piece. Well executed.
Ken Oberlander on February 23, 2018 at 7:46 pm said:
Thanks for sharing this vignette on Ross and David, Les.
Email me at LesterJake@comcast.net
&copy Lester Jacobson


text:
Battle Grounds  ist eine kostenlose Half-Life-Modifikation im Final-Status. Für Half-Life 2 ist eine Betaversion verfügbar. Das Spiel ist im Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg im 18. Jahrhundert angesiedelt und stellt Gefechte zwischen königlichen englischen Redskirts und den amerikanischen Rebellen dar.

Besonderheiten
Ziel ist es durch das Halten von Flaggenpunkten als Mannschaft möglichst viele Punkte zu sammeln. Charakteristisch für diese Modifikation ist die lange Nachladezeit von ca. 7,5 Sekunden nach einer Schussabgabe und die daraus resultierende Nahkampflastigkeit mit Bajonett und Säbel. Es gibt grundsätzlich drei Klassen im Spiel, die sich in Nah- und Fernkampffertigkeiten unterscheiden.

Klassen

Loyalist und Minuteman
Sie verfügen über eine Muskete mit hoher Reichweite und Präzision, jedoch geringer Durchschlagskraft. Der Minuteman kann im Nahkampf ein etwas schwächeres Bajonett zurückgreifen, der Loyalist verfügt über ein Messer mit geringer Reichweite.

Continental Soldier und Royal Infantry
Ihr Muskete ist weniger genau, verfügt aber über größere Durchschlagskraft, ein Treffer aus der Nähe in die Brust ist tödlich. Im Nahkampf verfügen sie über ein starkes Bajonett.

Royal Officer und Continental Officer
Sie verfügen über eine Pistole mit hoher Feuerrate, aber geringer Durchschlagskraft und Genauigkeit, sowie über ein nahkampfstarkes Säbel.

Preise
Gamespy vergab der Mod den Award "Top Ten Half-Life Mods You Aren't Playing".

Weblinks
 Homepage der Entwickler
 Battle Grounds Mod-Eintrag auf HLPortal.de
 Battle Grounds 2 Mod-Eintrag auf HLPortal.de

Einzelnachweise

Mod
Half-Life

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Inside/Out Student Ministry Provides Lots of Exciting Events for Students Throughout the Year!
These events include: service projects, missions trips, amusement park days, family events, basketball nights and more! Connect with us to find out more info.
This weekend, 2/15 – 2/17, is the 2019 "Breakaway".


Carol was very easy to deal with and was a great communicator. She responded quickly to all of our queries and always had helpful comments and suggestions.
Looking forward to your return next time.
What an amazing virtual host. From the moment we booked our stay at the Rothschild House, Pam was on hand with advice and tips, providing an insight that was unrivalled throughout our time in NZ. Incredibly helpful and warm.
Went above and beyond to communicate with us regarding the property.
Very helpful with any enquires. Lovely to deal with.
Amazing, amazing, amazing thank you so much!
Thanks so much - you are welcome back to Marlborough anytime.
Very helpful and businesslike. Easy to deal with and friendly.
Thank you so much for those kind words - you're welcome back anytime to spend more time enjoying the views!


The French major or minor focuses on the history, culture, business, literature, and language of France and the francophone world. Courses include cinema, surrealism, francophone studies, culture and civilization, and business. Graduates choose careers in teaching, translation, business analytics, archiving, and international policy, or continue their studies at top graduate schools. More than 80% of our students study abroad, and there are summer, semester, or year-long opportunities at a variety of universities in Paris, Senegal, and other francophone countries. For example, many people participate in a program that allows them to teach English to students in France for an academic year. Organizations like the French club, "Le Cercle," and the French honors society, Phi Delta Pi, give students the opportunity to speak French outside of the classroom. The major also has a unique outreach option that allows students to teach French as part of an after-school program in local elementary schools.


Optically, Champ is a slim, distinct, androgynous type. Its upholstery segments accentuate its design and identify the different backrest heights at the same time. Champ is a new product concept with new technology for an extraordinary feeling when sitting - the "Bodyfloat". When you sit down, the seat floats down and moves backwards. This innovative connection of the backrest makes it possible to achieve an unequalled and delicate aesthetic and lightness of the mechanical block. People with formal demands will look at office swivel chairs in a whole new light and be able to feel the uniqueness of Body-Float.


While being chased by the tiger, the antelope finally has an introspective moment and is able to clearly assess its existential situation. Having already successfully escaped 7 attacks by tigers in the last 23 days, it knows that this temporarily uplifting adrenaline is sure to be preferred to the calm security of basking in the sun.
Realizing the temporal unsustainability of the energy rush, it fears and tries to prolong the inevitable, while realizing that the dread is the only thing that keeps it running from its predator.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A truly local radio station broadcasting 24x7 to all areas in the City of Swan.
Tune In Not Out was the only Australian-based website to become an honoree of the Youth website category and was among just 11 websites honoured including the Disney Channel, Lego and MTV Network.
The Webby Awards is the Internet''''s most respected symbol of success. The 15th Annual Webby Awards received nearly 10,000 entries from 60 countries worldwide.Tune In Not Out is a portal style website - it contains a wide range of digital media from a variety of sources. This approach means that not only do you get the information, but also access to a range of other services which may be able to assist you.
The Australian Lions Drug Awareness Foundation (ALDAF) have been committed to producing and creating resources for the community around alcohol and other drugs. Supported through the Lions network of Australia, ALDAF have embraced the Tune In Not Out (TINO) idea as an innovative concept which highlights the Lions forward thinking.
Just Local is your community website that caters for Ellenbrook, Aveley, The VInes, Henley Brook and Bullsbrook. We offer a LOCAL DIRECTORY of trades and services who will service our area, an Events calendar, Community Groups, Classifieds, Just Kids and much more - head to www.just-local.com.au for all the information.


Except when it's rewarded! Mr. Mohammad Sohail, deli owner, took the good road back in June and invested a little faith in the thief who tried to rob him. Once the would-be-thief was on his knees begging for mercy, Mr. Sohail gave him just that: forty bucks, some bread, and a handshake. Then a couple of days ago, that same robber sent Mr. Sohail fifty bucks (ten dollars in interest!) along with a note of gratitude and news of how he has a job and a new baby now! Mr. Sohail, in turn, plans to start a charity foundation. From Newsday.


Perelman's metaphor rang true for a lot of us; and it's a lesson we've had reinforced over and over in the process of working with our clients, in the UK and in Australia.
It's one thing to know it though, and another to actually develop your distribution framework, testing and measuring the success of your content as you go. Here are my top tips for content amplification based on our experiences at The Dubs.
For any content marketing programme to be effective and deliver commercial returns it needs to do more than just sit there and look pretty – it needs to reach its intended audience. But as the effectiveness of traditional channels like print and display advertising declines, we can no longer rely on them for media distribution.
So financial businesses are seeing the need to evolve their content strategies, incorporating sustainable distribution channels such as social media and paid amplification, to reach targeted audiences at scale.
Choosing the most appropriate channels for distribution is key, both to access your intended audience but also to do it in a sustained and cost-appropriate way. For example, if you were to decide that printing newspapers is the best way to reach your audience, you might find the cost overhead in print machinery, staff, and trucks to drive newspapers to the audience would not make it a viable approach, especially when scaled to a global audience.
Any distribution strategy needs to work for both the business and its audience.
Social media offers cost efficiencies and a means to meet the needs of both the audience and the business. It also supports the long-term strategy of building a direct, constant and valued relationship with the audience, as opposed to a 'pay-to-engage' model of traditional advertising (which stops delivering engagement when you stop paying).
Amplification is the bedrock of any distribution strategy.
Initially, when your social media channel reach is small, any organic distribution of content will be limited. Amplifying content by paying to reach targeted audiences will deliver much greater reach and therefore can start to deliver engagement from day one. You can also use it to amplify the social channels themselves (paying to attract more followers), which will, over time, increase the scale of the audiences who follow those channels and the reach of any organic activity.
The upshot for a brand is that any amplification of content is executed only on pay-for-engagement models such as CPC (cost per click), meaning the business only pays for activity that is driving return. This is the complete opposite of many traditional media buys where impressions are the standard.
Performance needs to be judged across many criteria and at different points within the maturity of a content programme. Expecting commercial ROI from day one should not be the goal; instead, building credibility as a source of valued information (the reason your audience returns for more) becomes your holy grail. This needs to be tracked through base channel metrics such as followers, content reads, subscribers, likes/re-tweets, etc.
However, as the business matures (year one+) in its content strategy and the scale of its audience expands (thus proving itself to be a credible source of content), goal-oriented, commercial measures should be implemented, such as analytic conversion goals and leads pushed into the sales funnel.
The global content programme for our client Aberdeen Asset Management - 'Thinking aloud' – launched in early 2015 in the UK and US with associated social media channels and a continuous amplification strategy. Since then, it has scaled to 25 markets across the globe and publishes and distributes content on a daily basis. Thanks to the amplification of its channels and content, Thinking aloud now has 100,000 Twitter followers, 45,000 LinkedIn followers and over 4.5M video views.
More importantly, as the programme has matured over the past two years, commercial goal measures have been implemented allowing all content consumption to be tracked against business needs and commercial sales.
The production and publishing of content is pointless if it's not being distributed to the intended audience.
Expecting immediate commercial returns is not realistic. Being seen as a credible source of information is; from there commercial measures can be implemented.
The quality and sustained frequency of content is key to growing an audience and therefore maximising any organic distribution or amplification. If you can't provide the content when you say you will, why should the audience follow you for more.


The National Weather Service has issued a Flash Flood Watch for Shelby County through tomorrow evening. "We could have a lot of rain in a short period of time. That could make driving hazardous. Those who live in areas prone to flooding need to be on alert," said Dale Lane, Director of the Shelby County Office of Preparedness.
Staff at the Shelby County Office of Preparedness will monitor conditions and be in contact with the Tennessee Emergency Management Agency. "Emergency Services Coordinators will be ready to respond," added Shelby County Mayor Mark H. Luttrell, Jr.
SKYWARN weather spotters are asked to report flooding to the National Weather Service. "Storm spotters are very helpful during rapidly changing weather events. Their ground-truth reports, along with law enforcement officers and emergency management officials are a vital resource to us," said Gary Woodall, Warning Coordination Meteorologist with the National Weather Service.
For more information about weather safety and preparedness, visit www.staysafeshelby.us or call (901) 222-6700.


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Sinkholes: When the Earth Opens Up
The ground beneath our feet, our cars, our buildings, appears to be incredibly solid. But, rarely, that solid ground can simply open up without warning, dropping whatever was above into an unpredictably deep.hole. Sinkholes can be anywhere from a few feet wide and deep, to two thousand feet in diameter and depth. An undiscovered cavern or deep mine can collapse, allowing the ground above to crater, or a broken water main or heavy storm can erode a hole from below, until the surface becomes a thin shell that collapses at once. Communities built atop karst formations are very susceptible, where a layer of bedrock is water-soluble, like limestone, and natural processes can wear away caves and fissures, weakening support of the ground above. Gathered here are images of some of these sinkholes, both man-made and natural, around the world.
Hints: View this page full screen. Skip to the next and previous photo by typing j/k or ←/→.
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A car at the bottom of a sinkhole caused by a broken water line in Toledo, Ohio on July 3, 2013. Police say the driver, 60-year-old Pamela Knox of Toledo, was shaken up and didn't appear hurt but was taken to a hospital as a precaution. Fire officials told a local TV station that a water main break caused the large hole. #
AP Photo/Lt. Matthew Hertzfeld, Toledo Fire and Rescue
A Toledo firefighter rescues Pamela Knox after a massive sinkhole opened up underneath her car in Toledo, Ohio, on July 3, 2013. #
Reuters/Lt. Matthew Hertzfeld/Toledo Fire and Rescue
A Los Angeles fireman looks under a fire truck stuck in a sinkhole in the Valley Village neighborhood of Los Angeles, on September 8, 2009. Four firefighters escaped injury early Tuesday after their fire engine sunk into a large hole caused by a burst water main in the San Fernando Valley, authorities said. #
AP Photo/Nick Ut
On the night of November 11, 1957, a huge hole opened up in Seattle's Ravenna neighborhood, caused by the failure of an underlying six-foot diameter sewer pipe. The 60-foot-deep hole affected only the streets, sidewalks and some yards, as seen in this photo taken at 16th Ave. NE and Ravenna Blvd on November 15, 1957. No homes were damaged, and nobody was injured, but the hole took two years to fill and repair. More on the story here. Also, see this intersection today on Google Maps Street View. #
Courtesy Seattle Municipal Archives
Aerial view of a huge hole caused after a collapse in the sewage system in the neighborhood of San Antonio, north of Guatemala city, on February 23, 2007. Three people were killed in the collapse, as twelve homes were swallowed up. #
Orlando Sierra/AFP/Getty Images
A hole remains where a structure once stood in Guatemala City, on February 23, 2007. A giant sinkhole swallowed several homes killing at least three people, officials said. #
AP Photo/Moises Castillo
This aerial view shows a large sinkhole that claimed several sports cars, a house, and the deep end of the city swimming pool, in Winter Park, Florida, on May 11, 1981. #
A man inspects a sinkhole formed in a house on July 19, 2011 in the north of Guatemala City. When neighbors heard a loud boom overnight they thought a gas canister had detonated. Instead they found a deep sinkhole inside a home in a neighborhood just north of Guatemala City. The sinkhole was 12.2 meters (40 feet) deep and 80 centimeters (32 inches) in diameter, an AFP journalist who visited the site reported. Guatemala City, built on volcanic deposits, is especially prone to sinkholes, often blamed on a leaky sewer system or on heavy rain. #
Johan Ordonez/AFP/Getty Images
A truck lies in a sinkhole which occurred overnight on Shiliuzhuang road, in Beijing, on April 26, 2011. A section of the road collapsed beneath the truck, slightly injuring the driver and a passenger, who both jumped out the vehicle before it sank into the hole. #
Three homes damaged from a sinkhole sit on the edge of a hill whose lower area collapsed onto other homes in the LaJolla section of San Diego, on October 4, 2007. #
AP Photo/Chris Park
A fireman watches a cow being lifted out of a five meter deep hole at Saint Saulve near Valenciennes, northern France, on June 19, 2001. The ground collapsed as two cows crossed over an underground quarry. The cows were unhurt. #
Rescuers work at the scene of a landslide in Saint-Jude, Quebec as shown from the air on Tuesday, May 11, 2010. Four people, including two children, are missing after a sinkhole triggered by a landslide swallowed their house northeast of Montreal. #
AP Photo/The Canadian Press, Graham Hughes
In June of 1994, a huge hole, 106 ft. wide by 185 ft. deep, opened in the center of an IMC-Agrico waste stack near Mulberry, Florida. The sinkhole, shown in this July 13, 1994 photo, released 20.8 million pounds of liquid phosphoric acid into the ground below, and into the Floridan aquifer, which provides 90 percent of the state's drinking water. The company voluntarily spent $6.8 million to plug the sinkhole and control the spread of contaminants in the ground water. #
AP Photo/Selbypic
Police tape surrounds the house of Jeff Bush, who was consumed by a sinkhole while lying in his bed on the night of April 30, 2013 in Seffner, Florida. First responders were not able to reach Bush after he disappeared and were unable to even recover the body. The house and two neighboring houses were later demolished. #
Edward Linsmier/Getty Images
An aerial view of sinkholes created by the drying of the Dead Sea, near Kibbutz Ein Gedi, Israel, on November 10, 2011. #
Menahem Kahana/AFP/Getty Images
The Lassing mining disaster. On July 17, 1998 a Talc mine below the town of Lassing, Austria, experienced a partial collapse, filling with groundwater and opening up a sinkhole in the town above. Shortly after, a rescue crew of 10 men went into the mine to search for a single missing miner, and a massive collapse followed, opening up an even larger crater above. The first missing miner was found alive after ten days, but all ten of the rescue team members were killed. Here, workers examine the crater, on July 22, 1998. #
AP Photo/ Martin Gnedt
A giant sinkhole caused by the rains of tropical storm Agatha, in Guatemala City, on June 1, 2010. The hole swallowed at least one three-story building. #
Reuters/Daniel LeClair
Neighbors gather near the site of a huge sinkhole in Guatemala City, on May 30, 2010. #
A giant sinkhole in Guatemala City, on May 31, 2010. More than 94,000 were evacuated as the storm buried homes under mud, swept away a highway bridge near Guatemala City and opened up several sinkholes in the capital. #
Reuters/Casa Presidencial
Workers use machinery to fill in a sinkhole that buildings collapsed into near a subway construction site in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China, on January 28, 2013. The hole measured about 1,000 square feet, and was around 30 feet deep, but no one was killed, according to a state media report. #
A bus, after falling into a pit created by an underground explosion in Rui'an, Zhejiang province, on January 16, 2011. An explosion on a road in east China's Zhejiang Province tossed a bus without passengers four meters into the air, injuring the driver and a 6-year-old boy on the roadside, local fire fighters said on Sunday. The cause of the explosion was under investigation, Xinhua News Agency reported. #
Reuters/China Daily
People stand next to a 24.9 meter (82 feet) diameter pit at a village in Guangyuan, Sichuan province, on February 28, 2013. According to local media the pit formed on a karst landform last year after the ground surface kept sinking for six days in September. The investigators said the pit may face further sinking after rains due to its geological conditions. #
Reuters/Stringer
A campsite is sucked underground by the opening of cavernous sinkholes near the Ein Gedi Spa on the shores of the Dead Sea, on September 10, 2008. #
Jonathan Nackstrand/AFP/Getty Images
A large crater that appeared in the early hours in the German town of Schmalkalden, on November 1, 2010. #
Reuters/Alex Domanski
A man walks past a cement truck which fell into a pit after the road caved in, in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, on September 28, 2012. #
A stranded car is hoisted from a collapsed road surface in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, on September 7, 2008. #
Local residents look at a sinkhole near Qingquan primary school in Dachegnqiao town of Ningxiang, Hunan province, on June 15, 2010. The hole, 150 meters (492 feet) wide and 50 meters (164 feet) deep, first appeared in January and has destroyed 20 houses so far. #
A local resident throws a stone into a sinkhole near Qingquan primary school in Dachegnqiao town, Hunan province, on June 15, 2010. No causalities had been reported and the reason for the appearance of the hole remains unclear. #
We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor or write to letters@theatlantic.com.
Peter White / Getty
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Saudi Arabian women compete behind the wheel for the first time
Saudi Arabian women compete behind the wheel for the first time /node/1365246/saudi-arabia
Amjad Al-Amari made history on Friday in Jeddah when she won the first karting championship for women at the IN10SO Center in Serafi Mall. (Supplied)
Updated 01 September 2018
ASEEL BASHRAHEEL
JEDDAH: Amjad Al-Amari made history on Friday in Jeddah when she won the first karting championship for women at the IN10SO Center in Serafi Mall.
The Petromin sponsored championship began in August to encourage women's participation in motorsports by giving them an outlet to new experiences in the Kingdom.
The 22-year-old won the race after overtaking her closest rival in the fifth lap.
As Al-Amari received her Petromin trophy and a cash prize of SR5,000 ($1,350), her competitors cheered for her — the championship marks a victory for all women in the Kingdom.
"What I took from this championship is that nothing is impossible," Al-Amari told Arab News.
"The other racers are on an extremely advanced level, and the competition was high and intense; it really was not an easy win."
When she is not racing, Al-Amari studies mechanical engineering in Alfaisal University in Riyadh. Due to her major, she is often working on projects to develop and build racing cars and solar vehicles.
Al-Amari hopes to see Saudi women competing not only in karting but Formula One championships.
The Petromin Female Karting Championship was also supported by the Saudi Arabian Motor Federation (SAMF). Vice-chairman Abdullah Khashab and the first female board member, Aseel Al-Hamad, watched the championships.
"I'm so happy and proud to see a new generation of women in motorsports; these young women are shaping the future," Al-Hamad said.
"To me, they're all champions, and without them, we wouldn't be having the first women championship."
As the face of female motorsports in Saudi Arabia, Al-Hamad was entrusted to present one of the awards.
"I'm excited to just watch them racing; that in and of itself is a great achievement. This can only be the beginning of a bright future for women in motorsports," she said.
Enas Hamza and Lamia Al-Hussail placed second and third, respectively.
Topics: #SaudiWomenCanDrive Saudi women driving Petromin Petromin Female Karting Championship
Forum to discuss all issues related to women driving in Saudi Arabia
Dodge supports women drivers in KSA
Gun megastore plan in New Zealand's Christchurch sparks backlash


text:
R. James
Southgate: Picking Reece James for England's World Cup squad would be called 'arrogant'
Mitchell Wilks
Gareth Southgate explained his reasons for not taking injured Reece James to the World Cup, admitting there were "too many unknowns".
Southgate defends Reece James snub
"Arrogant" to take injured player
James "devastated"
WHAT HAPPENED? It emerged the day before England's final 26-player squad was announced that James would not be heading to Qatar, after he confirmed it on his own Instagram. Southgate explained why he didn't pick James, who is nursing a knee injury and continues to work through rehab.
WHAT HE SAID: "There were too many unknowns," Southgate said of leaving James out. "I don't think we can take a player who's not available for the group. That would be deemed arrogant in some circles and you'd be dropping him into a quarter-final."
THE BIGGER PICTURE: The 22-year-old likely would've been England's starting right-back, but he suffered a knee ligament injury away to AC Milan in the Champions League in October, leaving him out of action for at least eight weeks. If he were to head to Qatar, the earliest James would've been available was the knockout rounds.
WHAT NEXT FOR JAMES? Unfortunately, all James can do is sit and watch on while continuing to build back to full fitness ahead of the domestic return in December.


Over 400 revellers partied on the site of a proposed Sainsburys last Sunday afternoon in Brighton after a carnival parade through the North Laine. Sainsburys want a brand new 'sustainable supermarket', getting rid of the blatantly unsustainable organic Harvest Forestry next to the train station and increasing traffic. Unfortunately for Sainsburys, a new store is not most Brightonians' favourite ingredient - the parade and occupation was an opening direct shot against the chain. Of course the Council still want the supermarket with one councillor saying he "would not be accountable to a public meeting". Police tried to spoil the day by threatening the soundsystem under that old corker the Criminal Justice Act but didn't know what to do with the samba or punk bands.
* Anyone got any pictures of the day? Get in touch with the SchNEWS office and we'll cross yer palm with biscuits.


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Posted 22nd February 2019 | 2 Comments
Final test train runs on electrified Preston line
MPs want cancelled electrification schemes rescued
Electrification 'a waste of money'–Minister
Chris Grayling cancelled electrification to save money
A TEST train made its final journey along the newly-electrified line between Manchester, Bolton and Preston early today, boosting hopes that the delayed project could soon be completed to full specification at last.
Northern said disruption following the introduction of new timetables in May 2018 had been partly due to the delayed electrification scheme on the Manchester to Preston route, which should have been a core part of improved services in the north west last year.
Public services using electric Class 319 sets were introduced without ceremony on 11 February, although their speed has been limited to 75mph (121km/h).
The test run in the small hours of this morning involved inspections of the track and overhead lines at speed, using special equipment on board a 319 unit. Although 319s should soon be carrying passengers on the route at up to 100mph (160km/h), the test run was also restricted to 75mph.
Higher speeds will only be allowed after the upgrade has been given the thumbs-up by a railway inspector from the Office of Rail and Road.
Network Rail project sponsor Mark Ashton said: 'Following the successful introduction of electric passenger trains on the Manchester to Preston railway last week, last night we completed our last test as part of the project to allow trains to run up to 100mph.
'High speed testing of the overhead wires will support the introduction of greener, faster and more frequent trains – a key aim of the Great North Rail Project to help transform rail travel across the North.'
If the ORR agrees, full speed electric services should start running on the route when timetables change in May.
Pity that after (understandably) being ultra-cautious and not making a big thing of the launch it breaks down on day 1, the whole thing turned out fine.
In hindsight, a high-profile launch would have helped undo the damage to public confidence over the last year.
Its good that the Northern Class 319 EMU trains are now running on the newly electrified Manchester-Preston Line (Bolton Corridor) that will mean better services and extra capacity and available seats. Plus with the introduction of the CAF Civity Class 195 DMU and Class 331 EMU to also operate on the route from Spring this year that Northern have ordered.


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September 21, 2019: A Monk Cave, a Vampire Grave, and a Witch Path
Today, two days before the first official day of Fall, we headed to the eastern edge of western Massachusetts, mostly around Springfield, the third largest city in the state, behind Boston and Worcester. We had what seemed like a more interesting itinerary than usual, and I say that because every time I told the kids what we were driving to next, they didn't roll their eyes and ask how many miles away it was.
First on our docket, a monk cave. Which, I know, sounds like a strange phrase to precede with an indefinite article. Monk caves are underground stone structures that aren't caves and have nothing do to with monks. They're holes in the forest that are lined with rocks and vary in size from that of closets to small sheds. They're all over New England forests.
We were looking for one in Shutesbury, off Mt. Mineral Road, which starts out as a dirt road and then becomes, like, more of a dirt road. It cuts through a thick forest and is pocked infrequently with houses that I assume are hideaways for crooks. It took us a little bit to find, but the monk cave is visible from Mt. Mineral, on a side road numbered like a driveway.
But there it was, a rock-lined hole at the base of a tree.
The most interesting theory about these structures is that they are the ruins of pre-Columbus Europeans. We ache for ancient ruins up here in New England. I love those theories, mostly because I like the idea that my first-grade history teacher was dead wrong, so I'm always chasing after sites and oddities related to the topic. But this…isn't one of them.
Truth is, monk's caves are…vegetable cellars. A place for colonials to store perishables, since the underground chambers kept things at a cool and constant temperature. A good proof in this case is that the general area is wrinkly with abandoned stone fences angling through the forest, evidence of when New England was almost completely denuded into farmland and pasture.
I lowered myself into the well-like structure, which felt a lot like diving into a badger hole. I'm six feet, and I could stand up straight only in the middle of the sloping ceiling, and I could touch both sides with my hands.
It's not the first monk cave I've been buried in. For instance, the Upton Stone Chamber in Upton, Massachusetts, a beehive-shaped structure much larger than Shrewsbury's. Also, we've been inside an actual monk cave that did involve a monk—the Cave of Kelpius in the wilds of Fairmont Park in Philadelphia.
After we pulled ourselves out of the hole, we were off to a vampire grave. There are quite a few of these artifacts in New England, too, mostly in the barely state of Rhode Island. All the vampire graves in New England share the same story. Family members start wasting away from the highly contagious and not-yet-identified condition of tuberculosis, dead family members are accused of being vampires feeding on the family, and the relatives truck out to the local graveyard, disinter the dead, and perform some grisly ritual (the details of which vary) to stop the vampire/ex-loved from from rising and absorbing the life essence of their still-living loved ones.
In this case, it is the family of Reverend Justus Forward in Belchertown, Massachusetts. In the late 18th century, members of his family started growing pale and gaunt and lifeless, so they headed out to South Cemetery. The first family member they dug up was Forward's mother-in-law, Martha Dickinson, who had been dead for three years. Sucks that mother-in-law jokes are so cliché, because this is the one instance in the history of the formula where it really works. However, when the condition of her corpse didn't raise any suspicions, they moved over to the grave of Forward's daughter, Martha Dwight, who had been dead for six years, and rough-autopsied her, too. Her lungs were found to be suspiciously fresh and blood-filled, as was her liver, so they screamed vampire into the graveyard night and commenced to removing said lungs and liver, which they separated from the corpse into a box and reburied it above the casket.
Martha Dwight's stone is still there in South Cemetery, although indecipherable. Even the photo here on FindaGrave is more legible than the state in which I found it. Still, finding a vampire grave is relatively intense, because, aside from the story itself, it means you're standing on the exact spot where the ghastliness happens, the remains of the suspected vampires and mutilated corpses just feet beneath.
I stumbled across this particular vampire grave while watching an episode of the show Legend Hunter on the Travel Channel (a Josh Gates-clone back when Travel Channel wasn't a paranormal network). In the episode, the cast used ground-penetrating radar on the plot to determine that a small object was buried above the coffin. And I use "determine" in the loose sense those types of shows use.
From there, we visited a site that I apparently didn't think important enough to stick in the title: The grave of a science fiction author. His name was Edward Bellamy, and he's buried in Fairview Cemetery in Chicopee. In 1888, he wrote a popular and influential utopian novel called Looking Back set it in the far-off year of 2000. In it, he establishes a world that has abolished private property and nationalized important services and is doing much better than American 1888. People dug it so much, they started forming their own clubs around his ideas.
I've never read the novel, but I do love visiting the old graves of science fiction authors. It gives perspective.
Finally, we hit up Witch Path, which doesn't get an indefinite article. I have a separate post full of photos on this one, because it's a really cool spot with a really strange story, and this article is already too long.
Witch Path is an official road in Springfield, complete with its own green metal sign. It runs through a ravine that borders Meeting House Hill Cemetery. The story of the name can be culled from 19th century newspapers. One account states that it got its name because the cemetery was believed to be a cavorting grounds for ghosts and witches. Another account, older by 30 years, is that a woman was found in the ravine, close to death, who claimed she had been tortured by witches all night. They had stuck her with pins and led her around on a halter. The witches disappeared at daybreak.
The cemetery is a proper graveyard, as it has a church, a large white one. Although it's not a church anymore, based on the building's peeling paint and the sign in front of it that calls it a recording studio. Witch Path ends in a group of houses that feel completely separated from the city around them.
Unfortunately, the neighborhood isn't witch-themed. Although it should be.


Bend (in the sense of bowing) has often pointed out that one tends to degrade themselves to make their own light under a bushel, the symbol of calls in this case to continue upright and self-conscious to go through life.
– yourself: humiliation; – someone to bend down to talk to him, means an exciting time, followed by a peaceful future.
– to pick something up: humiliation and shame, loss.