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Ice Spiders (2007)
Movie Review by The Gravedigger
Giant experimental spiders escape from a secret government lab that's near a Ski resort, where ski champion hopefuls are training for the Olympics. There's six of these spiders, all different looking, and they are about the size of a person. They can also withstand the cold, hence the title. It's up to the once-famous skier named Dash (Patrick Muldoon of STARSHIP TROOPERS) and the female scientist to somehow stop the carnage. A group of army guys show up, led by Thomas Calabro (who I bet is thinking about the good old days on MELROSE PLACE). Stephen J. Cannell portrays the ski resort owner - and he's not a bad actor.
However, Brett Piper's ARACHNIA (2001), which also features prehistoric spiders and an African American Heroine, is much better. It also has cool stop-motion special effects while there's yet more computer effects here. Also, the giant ice spiders are given sound effects, like in the movie EIGHT-LEGGED FREAKS, which continues to be a bad idea. Spiders don't make noise, even if they are big ones. And besides, it ends up being funny when it's not supposed to be funny.
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On your cruise from Nice to Monaco you will pass the famous "Rade de Villefranche", one of the biggest bay of mediterranean sea overlooked by its typical old town. It's a must of any cruise on the French Riviera.
You will then reach the rock of Monaco. Moor in the harbour right in the middle of the town, have a walk to the famous place where you will find Café de Paris for a lunch or a drink ; you will admire the remarkable architecture of the whole place with its Casino (where you can gamble) and the very well known Hotel de Paris.
Don't miss some good spots as the Grimaldi Palace (in the old town), the Sporting Club and the Jimmy's Club (facing the sea).
Monaco remains ; THE PLACE for luxury shopping and lifestyle.
Of course, if you need any help for your trip organization or reservations, our team will perfectly take care of it.


So, I've had a few nominations for awards and am finally getting around to posting my responses. Sorry if I'm a little late! I've been nominated THREE times for the Sisterhood of the World Bloggers Award by the beautiful BeginnerBeaute, Milli Liza, and allaboutleanne.
A huge THANK YOU to these lovely ladies who nominated me for this award. They are some of my favorite bloggers in the blogosphere and they are also super sweet. If you're not currently following them please check out their blogs, they are truly amazing!
Answer the ten questions your nominator has provided.
1. Do you have any good tips for first time bloggers? My number 1 tip is to interact with other bloggers. You definitely want to be active in the blogging community by checking out other blogger sites and commenting on their posts. Everyone is so supportive of each other so you can definitely build some really nice friendships!
3. Do you have any siblings? I have 2 brothers and 3 sisters.
4. What's your favorite color? Pink!
5. What was your favorite TV show as a kid? Who's the Boss with Alyssa Milano.
6. Do you have any fears? My #1 fear is losing a loved one, including my cat.
7. One makeup product you can't live without? Can I have 2? haha. #1 would be mascara and #2 would be any lip product – lip balm/gloss/lipstick.
8. Your favorite holiday? Christmas.
9. What's your best friends first name? Ineabelle.
10. How long have you been blogging for? 3.5 months.
1. What's your dream job and why? I would love to be a full-time blogger, simply because I enjoy it so much!
2. If you could travel anywhere in the world, where would it be? There are so many places in the world I'd love to travel to. It's hard to choose one but if I had to I would say anywhere in Europe, starting with Italy.
3. Would you rather only ever use mascara or only ever use concealer? Mascara.
4. What's the best beauty advice you have ever been given? How to choose the right foundation color for my face by also swatching it on my neck.
5. What's your favorite high street clothes store? Anthropologie.
6. What does your typical spa night include? Wine first! And a nice warm bath, followed by a mani.
7. Sweet or savoury? Definitely savoury. I don't have much of a sweet tooth.
8. What's your favorite thing about blogging? I love getting to know other bloggers who have the same passions as me.
9. Who's your biggest inspiration? My mom because she's always been able to make something out of nothing.
10. If you could only ever listen to one song, what would it be? Bill Withers "Lovely Day". This song just makes me happy whenever I listen to it.
1. When did you start blogging? 3.5 months ago.
2. What did you have for breakfast this morning? Just coffee, which reminds me…I need to eat!
3. If you could get on a plane right now, where would you want to go? California!
4. What's your favorite flower? Roses are my favorite followed by Hydrangeas.
5. What kind of music do you listen to? Anything and everything….all depends on the mood I'm in.
6. What does your morning beauty routine consist of? Moisturizer, primer, foundation, eye makeup, bronzer, blush, then lips – in that order.
7. What's your favorite fast food joint? Five Guys burgers…yummy!
9. Would you ever shave your head? NEVER!
10. What's your favorite trend right now? Contouring. I've never contoured before but am dying to try it!
2) Do you have any pets? If so, what do you have?
3) What's your favorite color?
4) What's your favorite season?
6) What do you do for work?
9) What's your favorite makeup or beauty product?
10) What's your favorite part about applying your makeup?
Loved reading this! It's so much fun getting to know you a little better!!
Congrats girl!! And thank you so much for nominating me! I love the blogging world too! So far everyone is so friendly and I love that! I also love to contour! Have you tried strobing yet?
You're welcome, you totally deserve it! I agree everyone is so amazing & supportive of one another. I've never contoured!!! Maybe do a video so I could learn ;). Never tried strobing either.
YUP!!! LOL Its so darn hot out there!!!
Aww thank you for your kind words! I really want to try contouring as well!
I enjoyed your post and learned a lot about you. Congrats on your nomination and thank you so much for finding my blog worthy of the honor! I look forward to answering your questions!!
I loved answering them. They were really good questions. Thanks!!


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Dora B. Montefiore, New Age May 1904
The Falling Birth-Rate in the Australian Colonies
Source: New Age, p. 315, 19 May 1904;
Transcribed: by Ted Crawford.
It seems to me that this question of the falling birth rate in the Australian Colonies should be studied as a question apart from the fall of the birth rate in older and more settled countries. Different economic and social conditions prevail; the climate, as in America, produces a certain definite effect on the race as a whole; and, lastly, the question is of much more vital importance, as in a new, sparsely settled country there is room on the land, and there should be ample food and clothing to support a happy and increasing population. We must, therefore, search for special causes which tend to make the race in Australia less prolific than is compatible with national prosperity. In order to discover such causes, we must take into consideration the conditions of the ordinary childbearing women in Australia in the towns and in the Bush. A glance at the map will show us that all the principal towns are coast towns, where the climate is enervating and relaxing to a degree; especially, I may add, to women, who suffer in consequence from many complaints peculiar to their sex. During nine months out of the twelve, warm, moist, enervating sea breezes make these coast towns veritable lands of the lotus-eater; and, though the well-to-do inhabitants escape during three or four of the worst of these months to the mountains, yet the mass of the people there, as here, have to work and endure whatever the extremes of climate may be.
A woman's life in the Bush.
We now come to the life of the child-bearing woman in the Bush. Here it is not only the woman of the people, but often those among the well-to-do, on whom "the burden of motherhood," as the Daily News expresses it, falls with special severity. The climate here is hot, but hot with the fierce scorching burning of the plains and of the table-lands. Women, except in the small townships, lead isolated, lonely lives, and often find themselves face to face (in a way we dwellers in civilisation can scarcely dream of) with the elemental forces of Nature. Many of them, at the moment of child-birth, are either alone, or attended only by some ignorant Bush midwife, or sometimes by a half-grown daughter acting under the directions of the suffering mother herself. If both mother and child are strong, and the birth a natural one, all may go well, and the mother may be baking damper or standing at the wash-tub in three or four days. If anything goes wrong at the time, either mother or child (sometimes both) are sacrificed; and it is invariably the case that after four or five confinements under Bush conditions the mother is a worn and dragged-out drudge, quite incapable of bearing healthy, normal children.
The remedy in the past.
If we study social history we shall see that in the past, wherever a superior and dominant race needed help and support in order to assure its existence, it called to its aid some form of slavery. This was no doubt in order to decrease in some measure "the burden of motherhood," which in a very hot climate, and face to face with elemental conditions, becomes for the civilised woman, when added to domestic and agricultural work, well-nigh insupportable. We can see the same thing going on now among the Boers, whose women are admittedly prolific, but who leave all manual work to their Kaffir servants. In India, where the British are the dominant race, a multitude of native servants, scarcely above the slave caste, minister to every material want of the "Mem Sahib;" and even a European nurse or lady's maid will have one or more native servants to carry out her special behests. The meaning of all this is that, if motherhood is the "sacred," the "elevated," the "consecrated" duty which women owe to the State, the State must arrange to treat it as such, and not mix it up with the drudgery of scrubbing, washing, and the general struggle for existence involved in the life of the "secluded domesticated" woman. As long as there is a superfluity of population in an old, carefully safe-guarded, capitalistically governed country, here infant mortality and charwoman motherhood can flourish gaily without one whit disturbing the equanimity of a sporting, gambling Court and of Smart Society, all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds. But in a new, small, and Democratic Society, where there is no vestige of a slave race to fill up the awkward spaces, and to make rotten institutions and conditions look sound, the old social order is unworkable; and the race is, through the degradation of motherhood, threatened with extinction.
The remedy in the Future.
There is no other remedy and no other chance for Australian or other motherhood in the future, now that the slave and class theory has worked itself out, than Collectivism. As I wrote last week, if the woman has a childbearing obligation towards the State the State has also an obligation towards the woman, and should guarantee that neither , she nor the children she bears shall suffer want or preventible injury. During the childbearing, period, and in each successive period of the life of the child, Collective Society should be prepared to aid and support materially both mother and child. Motherhood is in truth "sacred," and in order to carry out its duties the mother needs much leisure and specially favourable conditions. These, under the existing order, can only be obtained by the privileged few. Federated Australia, has at this moment a magnificent chance of obtaining them for the many. With a Labour Ministry in power, one of the first cares of the Collective State should be to socialise the means of production and of distribution in order that all in the Commonwealth may have equality of opportunity, and an equal chance of happiness. The drudgery of unorganised, mediævally arranged domestic work must be removed from the Home, and must be, carried out by organised workers, working regulated hours and in shifts. Science, or ordered knowledge, must be brought to bear on that jumble of inconsistencies, the Unitary Home; and the Collective Home, in which all the children are equally cared for by Society, must take its place. In the scattered Bush districts Collectivism will be more difficult to apply, but trained midwives and mothers' helps must be supplied free of all charge by the State; for life, healthy and normal, is the wealth of the State, and motherhood, who is being called on to supply that life and that wealth, must be tended and cared for. We shall then be able in a few years to judge whether, under the influence of new ideals and new conditions, the normal standard of reproduction is not regained, and the Australian Colonies are not able once more to point out to older civilisations the way to progress and prosperity.
DORA B. MONTEFIORE.
Dora Montefiore Archive

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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« A Monaragala problem for the Rajapakse Regime
The JHU critiques the Rajapakse Presidency By Harim Peiris »
A Presidential Visit up North
Posted by harimpeiris on October 16, 2014
By all accounts, President Rajapakse's unprecedented and rather controversial third term re-election campaign, though unofficial, has begun in earnest. Last week he presented the Cabinet of Ministers with a proposal to increase communal harmony in the country and implement the LLRC proposals, though a few weeks earlier the defense establishment, had facilitated a convention of an extremist religious organization, which joined hands with a convicted religious extremist monk from Myanmar to sprout the kind of vitriolic venom at minorities that most closely resembled the worst rhetoric of the Nazi political rallies in Nuremberg, Germany before the second world war. The hate speech charges of over breeding, controlling commerce, diluting the majority through inter marriage, were all charges leveled against the Jews by the Nazi's. Today in Sri Lanka and indeed in Myanmar, eerily the same charges are leveled against the Muslim community by the self styled protectors of Buddhism, clearly more influenced by European fascism than by the great philosophy and noble teachings of South Asia's greatest son.
This week, the president is on a visit to the North, where the best of the government's reconstruction efforts were on display, the center piece being the resumption of the train services to Jaffna, the iconic Yaal Devi, resuming service after over two decades. The Government's demining and infrastructure reconstruction efforts have been commendable and noteworthy successes. However in a damming indictment for the Rajapakse Administration, the Northern Provincial Council, led by Justice Wigneswaran, decided to boycott the president's visit citing essentially the bad faith chocking of the provincial administration by the government at the center. The Rajapakse Administration having secured a dismal eighteen (18%) of the popular vote in the North, runs a parallel provincial administration in the north, through the governor, retired general Chandrasiri, who has in the best (or worst) traditions of military strongmen, shed their uniforms for civilian garb and run, a militarized parallel administration in the North. Furthermore even the very limited shared executive functions and powers devolved to the provinces and enjoyed by the other provincial councils are being denied to the Northern Provincial Council, the only ethnic minority and opposition controlled provincial administration in the country. A case in point being, the constitutional requirement that the appointment of the chief secretary by the President be done in consultation with the Chief Minster. It is a paradox of our constitution, that the actions of the president, cannot be challenged in a court of law or even raised in parliament and that there is complete immunity from judicial review. The legal limitations on this proviso made through case law, by the likes of late Justice Mark Fernando, have since been diluted and likely will no longer prevail post the impeachment of Chief Justice Shiranee Bandaranaike.
As the Rajapakse presidency seeks an unprecedented third term. It is time to take stock of the nature of Sri Lanka's "peace". Five years after the war has ended Sri Lanka still deploys the military countrywide through the public security ordinance, has detention without trial or due process under the PTA and has yet to adequately deal with the effects of the war on victims including families of the missing, war widows, war orphans, amputees and those rendered homeless and destitute by the near three decades of war. Impressive large scale infrastructure alone, has done little for victims. Not returning traditional lands in the Valigamam North areas of Jaffna to their owners, is now perpetuating impoverished internally displaced communities.
The government has done little by way of implementing the LLRC proposals for reconciliation. The government's action plan on implementation of the LLRC, is a deeply flawed perversion of the actual LLRC report, in that it ignores the key political recommendations which underpin the overall LLRC recommendations, that of a political solution with the ethnic minorities and generally takes the approach that the problems identified by the LLRC don't really exist. As Justice Wigneswaran the chief minister of the Northern Province has pointed out in his letter to the president, explaining the reasons for the boycott by the NPC, the repeated assurances to the international community to fully implement the 13th amendment to the Constitution, shown no signs of even commencing. On the contrary the central government through its bureaucracy is stifling even the limited devolution granted under the 13th amendments.
Several attempts by the South African to assist a process of national reconciliation through facilitating a direct dialogue between the government and the TNA as the overwhelmingly elected representatives of the Tamil people has been put on the back burner by the Government. The tired and rather hackneyed call by the government, for participation of the opposition parties in the government initiated Parliamentary Select Committee has been less frequent, as the government realizes the lack of credibility of parliamentary committees, given the farcical nature of the high profile, but allegedly deeply flawed process followed in the forcible removal of Chief Justice Bandaranaike.
Sri Lanka is in dire need of re-democratization. Our democratic issues took a severe beating and a consequent weakening due to and a through close upon three decades of war. However with the advent of peace or the absence of war, maintaining the same ethnic policies that were in place during the war, does nothing for reconciliation amongst Sri Lanka's people, winning the hearts and minds of war affected communities or securing and making permanent through socio political acceptance, the hard won peace we have today.
This entry was posted on October 16, 2014 at 10:32 am	and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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Did you know Earth Day was founded all the way back in 1970? While we're no strangers to going green, there's no doubt that there has been an increasingly conscious effort all over the globe to save the environment. Metal straws, reusable bags, carpool services… You name it, they have it.
Now, the food industry has taken that mission one level higher. Companies and restaurants are now serving plant-based dishes to reduce our carbon footprint. The latest to hop onto the bandwagon is PARKROYAL on Pickering's Lime Restaurant.
Located within PARKROYAL on Pickering, Lime Restaurant offers a wide range of local, Southeast Asian and international culinary delights. There's also a plentiful buffet line and three open kitchens.
The hotel is easily recognised by its stunning modern architectural elements. Its hotel-in-a-garden concept and energy-saving features throughout the building has also earned it multiple awards for sustainability.
Floor-to-ceiling glass windows line the entire restaurant and the open dining concept has private dining rooms and few partitions. The chic, sleek and utterly gorgeous dining space was both comfortable and spacious.
Given the hotel's green streak, it's little wonder that Lime Restaurant is the next to undertake a plant-based menu, which will be available for dine-in from 22 April 2019 onwards.
As a teaser, PARKROYAL on Pickering launched a 'Green on the Go' pop-up stall outside Lime Restaurant selling their Beyond Burger ® (S$13.80 nett) before it's officially sold in the restaurant.
We got a peek at its new plant-based menu and boy, it definitely doesn't disappoint!
Sandwiched between two charcoal buns with toasted sesame seeds, The Beyond Burger ® (S$27++) consists of a Beyond patty, which is actually made of pea protein isolate, water, canola oil and refined coconut oil. Accompanying the burger are fresh vegetables, a slice of vegan cheese and beetroot, and a basket of fries and salad on the side.
I'm on the fence about the patty. It didn't taste like vegetables (which is a huge plus), but neither did it taste like beef to me.
It was definitely tender and creamy, with that melt-in-your-mouth juicy goodness like a good 'ol wagyu burger made of trimmed fat. However, the texture was more like chicken and I would've liked a bit more fat to accompany the patty for a bite with more spring to it.
As an entire burger, I loved it. The beetroot was sweet, tangy and almost pickle-like, which reminded me of a cheeseburger, while the charcoal added a pleasant nutty and smoky aftertaste. Though the patty didn't win me over, I thoroughly enjoyed how thick and juicy it was.
Lime Restaurant's Fishless Fish & Chips (S$25++) was intriguing enough from the dish name alone, so I was beyond excited to try it.
We're told that it's made primarily of soy protein, wheat flour, canola oil and tapioca and potato starch. The soybeans, wheat and canola are all non-genetically engineered, so you can be assured that what you're eating is entirely natural (even though ironically, there's nothing natural about fishless fish & chips).
Taste-wise, this was absolutely spot on. The mock meat was creamy, smooth and soft, just like actual fish meat, with a natural sweetness from the added spices. I loved how crispy and light the fish & chips' batter was, and how the added omega-3 oil, DHA algal oil, coated my tongue after.
While there was a flakiness to the mock meat, the texture resembled minced meat rather than fish. It's difficult to describe, but imagine taking apart a cooked fish's flesh and repurposing them into fish nuggets.
Lime Restaurant's Fishless Fish & Chips resembled just that — the meat came apart in little strands rather than whole silky flakes, like how a cooked barramundi or salmon would.
One of my favourites on the menu, the Arrabbiata Pasta with Omnipork Meatballs (S$24++) was served with penne, spicy arrabbiata sauce, Omnipork meatballs and herbs.
The Omnipork meatballs ticked off all the boxes on my list to the point where I was convinced I was eating actual pork instead of shiitake mushrooms, peas, non-genetically modified soy and rice.
It was juicy, springy and succulent, and the mock meat had enough of a bite to it to win me over. It really tasted like an actual pork meatball to me. As for the accompanying sauce, the arrabbiata was peppery and delightfully piquant, with an aromatic herb aftertaste. It was a great match with the meatballs and penne pasta.
If you're like me and can't forgo your carbs for the day, try Lime Restaurant's Omnipork Patty with Barbeque Sauce (S$22+). The mock meat patty will be accompanied by fried mantou and fluffy white rice.
Just like its meatball counterpart, the Omnipork patty was excellent. It was springy and tender, as if there had been fat added to the thick patty. The spring onions added a touch of raw zest to each mouthful and the barbecue sauce was smoky and tart.
To be honest, the white rice could've used a tad more moisture — I felt myself hoping that the barbecue sauce was more liquid so that each spoonful of rice was moist and flavourful. Instead, it was dry and a little tough, and distracted my tastebuds from the Omnipork patty.
I personally preferred having my Omnipork patty with the fried mantous, because who can say no to buttery mantous? It was fried to a glorious crisp, with the fluffy and soft insides.
Dipping the mantous in the smoky barbecue sauce was super addictive and before I even noticed, I was reaching for my next mantou already.
If you're looking for appetisers to share with your dining companions, go for the Wasabi Crab Meat Balls (S$18++). This dish is entirely vegan and dairy-free, with wheat and corn protein, wheat flour and canola oil forming the bulk of the mock meat. It came with a creamy wasabi dip, and it's perfect for sharing.
Deep fried till a golden crisp, these crabless meatballs were naturally sweet from the corn protein and organic cane sugar. There was actually a surprisingly spicy kick at the end from the pepper.
I absolutely loved the wasabi dip. It was fragrant with a gentle heat, and its iconic horseradish-like spiciness was mildly pungent and was powerful enough to make my eyes water. Paired with the crabless meatballs, it made for a delicious appetiser and it whetted my palate.
To me, a meal isn't complete without dessert, and Lime Restaurant's plant-based menu offers two vegan sweet treats. The first was Lemon Grass Aiyu Jelly with Berries and Raspberry Sorbet (S$14++).
The dessert was superbly well-balanced in terms of flavours and textures. The lemongrass aiyu jelly was light, fragrant and citrus with had a faint mint aftertaste, while the raspberry sorbet was tangy and sour. The delicate and smooth aiyu jelly also contrasted with the icy cold and rich sorbet.
You should finish this dessert quickly as both the aiyu jelly and the raspberry sorbet melted pretty fast.
Chocolate lovers are definitely in for a treat with Lime Restaurant's Coconut Chocolate Mousse Cake with Lemon Lime Sorbet (S$18++). Don't be fooled by this sinful dessert — it's vegan as well, as the restaurant replaced all the dairy ingredients with coconut instead.
Cutting into the gorgeous dome-shaped chocolate mousse cake revealed a dense layer of chocolate, cream, and a biscuit base.
This dessert was sooo good that I couldn't stop going "mmmmm" the minute I ate it. Beautifully indulgent, rich and creamy, enjoying the cake was absolute bliss. The biscuit base at the bottom reminded me of fudge brownies, with a sticky sweetness from melted chocolate and butter, and added a slight tinge of dark bitterness to each mouthful.
My tip? Alternate each bite of the chocolate mousse cake with the sharp, biting acidity of the lemon lime sorbet.
If you're looking for a meat alternative that tastes, feels and looks exactly like meat, the Beyond and Omnipork patties might disappoint you a little. But consider the fact that these are made entirely of plants and you cannot deny that Lime Restaurant has done a decent job of turning these mock meats into delicious dishes that appeal to your tastebuds and fill your tummy.
Although I ate quite a lot at this meal, I left feeling full and satisfied. There wasn't that familiar overly bloated feeling, and I attribute that to the fact that I just had an entirely plant-based meal.
It's definitely satiated my appetite and piqued my interest enough for me to go for a plant-based dish the next time I'm out.
*This post is brought to you in partnership with PARKROYAL on Pickering.


text:
Inka Essenhigh Studio, Spring 2017. Photo: Christopher Burke Studios, New York
by Paddy Johnson
Mar 20 2018, 9:18pm
You'll Want To Crawl Into This Artist's Surreal Paintings
One of Inka Essenhigh's new projects is a take on the local phenomenon known as Manhattanhenge.
Inka Essenhigh's paintings, which combine twisted narratives, liquid line work, and oneiric imagery, are at once otherworldly and rooted in specific times and places. This season, that dissonance will be on display in a trio of new projects. This month, the artist's surreal landscapes and fever-dream interiors will occupy the Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art. In April, New York's Drawing Center will present Manhattanhenge, a site-specific mural for the Soho building's stairwell. And later that month, she'll open her first solo show with Miles McEnery Gallery in Chelsea.
The title of the Drawing Center project is a reference to the occasional alignment of the setting and rising sun with NYC's east-west street grid. In Essenhigh's drawing, which will be on the building's west wall, the city's buildings look alive, as if angling to consume the viewer. And in the work destined for Miles McEnery, the same streets are joined by the forests surrounding the artist's Maine studio to conjure an evocative urban-rural mix. Flora and fauna are anthropomorphized; Essenhigh creates worlds you want to crawl into.
Inka Essenhigh, Political Cartoon Painting, 2016. Courtesy of Miles McEnery Gallery. Photo: Christopher Burke Studios, New York
Inka Essenhigh, New Condos, 2016. Courtesy of Miles McEnery Gallery. Photo: Christopher Burke Studios, New York
Essenhigh's current undertakings are the latest milestones in a career that really got its start, she told GARAGE, with a solo show at Deitch Projects in 1999. "My first mini break was getting a show at Stefan Stux," she said, "but Jeffrey opened all the doors for museums and for higher-end collectors to come in and collect the work. He could really contextualize it."
Deitch's still-referenced 1992 group show, Post Human, had already provided some of that backdrop. The influential exhibition shifted the discussion away from conceptualism to focus on figuration by arguing that what many of the most interesting contemporary artists—Janine Antoni, Matthew Barney, Mike Kelley—had in common was their reimagining of the body. According to Deitch's catalogue essay, this reflected a society obsessed with breast implants, crash diets, and mood-enhancing drugs.
"It gave people a way to understand Barney and Beecroft," Essenhigh agreed. She was part of Deitch's group too, and her figures, painted in loose swoops of enamel, won immediate critical acclaim. The early work was relatively spare, but in 2002, after a brief stint at Mary Boone, the artist switched from enamel to oil. Her goal was not to accept every painterly accident as divine intervention, but to really challenge herself. "I wanted to communicate clearly," she explained.
Inka Essenhigh, Midsummer Night's Dream, 2017. Courtesy of Miles McEnery Gallery. Photo: Christopher Burke Studios, New York
Inka Essenhigh, Forest Tableau, 2017. Courtesy of Miles McEnery Gallery. Photo: Christopher Burke Studios, New York
Around 2006, Essenhigh made another decision, electing to only make work she'd want to live with. This meant positive paintings, narrative paintings... even sentimental paintings. It was a difficult shift to make in a hypercritical environment. According to Essenhigh, "When you're looking at art that is trying to be positive, people doubt your intelligence." But she made the transition anyway; her Maine studio had inspired pictures of gods and goddesses frolicking in the woods, and the work continued in that vein for some time. Then in 2015, she began to wonder again about the most effective way to communicate with her audience in New York. She decided to return to enamel, but with a different approach. "Enamel eliminated the weight of oil painting—of art history—and gave the work a lighter feel."
Essenhigh described her process further: "I look for a mood, for something to say, then put down a brushstroke and see if it resonates. Then all I have to do is match that feeling." Her point was about more than just material process; it was tied to a larger ideology. "What I'm really railing against is this idea that the artist should not know what they're doing but discover it as they go along," she explained. "I'm trying to say there's something much more exciting. If I want to go to Paris, the point is go there. But if you don't have a map you might never get off the island. And that might be fine for you, but I don't think it yields results. It just becomes about you and your private journey."
Inka Essenhigh: A Fine Line will be on view at Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art through August 29. Inka Essenigh: Manhattanhenge will be on view at the Drawing Center, New York, from April 6, 2018, to February 24, 2019. Inka Essenhigh will be on view at Miles McEnery Gallery, New York, from April 19 to May 25.
Manhattanhenge
Inka Essenhigh
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Criminology BSc (Hons)
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Home > Undergraduate study > Undergraduate courses > Criminology BSc (Hons)
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Why choose this course?
Criminology is about the study of crime, crime control and how social 'groups' can become corrupt. It spans 'street-level' crime to global terrorism and cybercrime.
On this course you'll investigate real national and international issues including:
Why do certain people commit crimes?
How does our criminal justice system work?
Why do some people abuse others?
How do the victims of the abuse cope with their experiences?
Why people from different social, racial and ethnic backgrounds are reported to be more likely to commit, and become victims of crimes?
How we can improve the relationships between young people and police?
Global crime problems and their impact worldwide.
The Criminology BSc (Hons) combines the study of society, politics, law, psychology and culture. It will help you to understand offending behaviour and peoples' responses to illegal and harmful activity. The course also identifies how fear of crime has a profound influence on our feelings of security and well-being. It explores cultural representations of criminality and investigates how this relates to questions of social identity like class, race and ethnicity, gender, age and sexuality.
Apply for this course in Clearing
UCAS code/apply
Year of entry
3 years full time L311 Clearing 2019
4 years full time including foundation year L312 Clearing 2019
4 years full time including sandwich year L313 Clearing 2019
6 years part time Apply direct to the University Clearing 2019
Location Penrhyn Road
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Reasons to choose Kingston University
More than 95 per cent of students from this course are in employment or further study six months after graduating (DHLE 2016/17).
This course received more than 91 per cent overall satisfaction (National Student Survey 2018).
Kingston is conveniently close to London's many high-profile law institutions and renowned criminal courts.
Take a look at some of the content and modules that you may have the opportunity to study on this course:
Optional year
Sandwich year
Final year
In Year 1, you will be introduced to a range of theoretical perspectives and debates that inform criminology, and the institutions, processes and legal foundations of the criminal justice system in England and Wales. You will learn about who is policed and disciplined, how, why and by whom as you cover histories of violence and contemporary forms of transgression. You'll understand how researchers utilise qualitative and quantitative research methods and will gain hands-on experience of research skills.
Foundations in Criminological Theory
This module will introduce students to a range of theoretical perspectives and debates that inform criminology, and which underpin their learning throughout the criminology programme. Theories will be evaluated in relation to academic scholarship, empirical evidence, popularity and application in crime policy and practice, and in relation to their geographical, social, cultural, historical locations.
Students will learn about a changing and dynamic field of study, which has encompassed both positivistic and social analyses of crime and criminalisation. They will learn to evaluate criminological theory in relation to a range of intellectual movements. They will be encouraged to understand criminological theory in relation to shifts across allied subjects like sociology, gender studies, critical race studies, social policy, politics and psychology.
Crime, Law and Justice
This module will provide students with an introduction to the institutions, processes and legal foundations of the criminal justice system in England and Wales. The module is core to the undergraduate degree. The module familiarises students with the language and reasoning of the criminal law and the structure and chronology of the criminal justice process. There is an emphasis on the development and practice of key academic skills especially information retrieval.
Violence, Transgression and Society
Violence, Transgression and Society explores who is policed and disciplined in societal, popular and political cultures. It thinks about why some people and their behavior are seen as especially violent and transgressive while others are not. It shows that responses to violent and transgressive people are shaped by historical and social context, geographical location and intersections of social identity, such as race, ethnicity, gender, sex, class, faith and age.
Students will learn about who is policed and disciplined, how, why and by whom across teaching blocks 1 and 2. In teaching block 1 there is emphasis on histories of violence, and in teaching block 2 there is emphasis on contemporary forms of transgression. Examples include: riots and anti-social behaviour, social 'groups' like homeless people and 'problem' families, and communities such as white working class and Muslim communities.
Throughout the module, the question of who is policed and disciplined, how and why, is explored through national and global real-world events and case-studies and in relation to criminal, social and racial justice. Students bring academic knowledge to real-world events and issues in weekly interactive workshops and the module assessment.
Researching Everyday Life
A key task of sociologists is to understand the routine aspects of everyday life.
This module will focus your attention on how researchers have utilised a range of qualitative and quantitative research methods to develop attentiveness to the seemingly mundane that is everyday life and how lives are lived at the junctures of self, family, culture and social worlds. This module aims to ground your understandings of everyday life through practical application of methods and data analysis. You will gain hands-on experience of research skills throughout the module that can be applied to future study and employability
In Year 2, you'll develop critical insight into key issues and controversies in the delivery of justice, social control and punishment. You will explore the different ways of approaching criminology and assess how these different approaches relate to different kinds of criminological methods. Alongside this you will build upon your existing research skills. You will have the opportunity to specialise in your main interests via a choice of modules.
Policing and Punishment
This module provides you with a critical insight into key issues and controversies in the delivery of justice, social control and punishment. It encourages you to think critically about the role of the state in the regulation of behaviour and provides an overview of key changes that have occurred in the field of crime control and criminal justice. The first part of the module is dedicated to developing understanding of the concepts of 'policing' and the 'police'. Key issues confronting contemporary policing are explored together with an enhanced awareness of the historical context within which contemporary policing has developed.
Debates about policing are situated within broader debates of social control and governance, with a critical appreciation of the police function and role. It also considers the implications of globalisation for policing both at an organisational and conceptual level. The second part of the module provides you with the opportunity to undertake a critical examination of contemporary debates on the purpose of punishment. You will be introduced to a range of theoretical perspectives and debates on the use of punishment to address criminality and will consider the purpose of punishment in modern societies. This will be accompanied by an examination of different forms of punishment including an in-depth exploration of the use of imprisonment and comparative penal systems.
Doing Criminological Research
What kind of criminologist are you? How does this relate to the kind of research that you want to conduct? This module will focus on exploring different ways of approaching criminology, ranging from 'interventionist' criminology to critical criminology, left realism and theoretical research. We will assess how these different approaches relate to different kinds of criminological method. We will build on your existing research skills, developed at level 4, by extending your academic engagement with methods and particularly the distinct kinds of data that they produce. You will be asked to reflect critically on a particular criminological theme, then you will be guided through producing a short piece of empirical research that tests one of the methods you have studied in an area of your own interest. Finally, this module will act as a bridge to level 6 by helping you to produce a research proposal for your final year dissertation. This will enable you to start thinking about and reading for your dissertation over the summer. Ultimately, on completion of this module you will have developed core research and employability skills around research methods, their implications and application, and will have demonstrated the ability to plan, design and conduct a piece of independent research.
Diversity and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System
This module will enable students to contextualise criminology's past and present engagement with diversity and discrimination. The relationship between crime and discriminatory processes will be explored within different contexts such as within the law, prisons and cultural practices (eg. FGM). The responses of the criminal justice process to diversity will also be discussed and evaluated with regard to institutional racism and domestic abuse. In addition, students will critique the gendered social construction of the categories of 'offender' and 'victim', this will be further challenged by the exploration of female membership and affiliation with criminal gangs and their perpetration of crimes, and male victims of sexual violation.
Youth, Crime and Deviance
This module considers what is understood by the term youth, as a social category and life stage, and explores young people's lived experiences. As such, it examines the history of youth culture and subcultures and styles, and critically considers the notion of 'problem' youth and societal responses to this including intervention and multi-agency working. Bringing together sociological, criminological and cultural studies theory from Level 4, the module considers youth from both an individual and structural view point. We will also look at how we have come to deal with young offenders in the youth justice system and considers the contradictory messages about welfare, diversionary measures, human rights, punitive justice, managerial and crime prevention discourses and strategies.
Securing Human Rights: Contemporary Themes and Issues
This module is a core requirement for students taking Human Rights at level 5, and can also be taken as an option by students in related fields. The module introduces the contested and evolving relationships between the theory and practice of securing human rights.
It starts with an overview of key frameworks and mechanisms designed to secure rights at the international, regional and domestic levels. A central feature of the module is to introduce key critical themes, from which issues can be dissected and analysed through a range of contemporary and international case-studies.
Themes may include:
'Human Rights, Security and Forced Migration', which analyses the way in which the issue of forced migration brings together a variety of legal, political and security debates.
'The Politics of Human Rights in Development', which examines the recent convergence of the fields of human rights and development (inclusive of 'the right to development' and the proliferation of 'rights-based approaches to development').
'Rights in the aftermath? Truth, Justice and Reconciliation', which examines the globalization of transitional justice discourses and the propagation of different mechanisms (ranging from International Criminal Tribunals, to national truth commissions, to local justice initiatives).
And, 'Indigenous Peoples, Rights and Beyond' that engages with central issues surrounding indigenous peoples' claims, whilst also probing the gravity of particular contested issues (such as 'the right to self-determination' and broader 'sovereignty' challenges).
The module concludes by asking: what is the future for human rights?
Slavery and Emancipation
This module will introduce you to the controversies and debates over slavery and other forms of violence committed against groups of people in the modern world and their responses seeking emancipation. Beginning in the fifteenth century with the first European enslavement of Africans, it looks at the rebellions and other forms of day to day resistance, the relations between slavery and Britain's industrialisation, the subsequent development of US slavery, the struggles for emancipation and the movements of African Americans into the twentieth century. These cases will be revisited from the perspective of gender, and compared to other forms of structural oppression of colonised peoples and workers.
The module will consider the challenges in identifying the standpoint of the oppressed and study examples of how 'subaltern' oppressed groups enter politics. There are case studies of different historical and contemporary movements for emancipation, exploring some of their key debates and the challenges of constructing unity whilst respecting diversity.
The module as a whole will encourage the critical analysis and assessment of the various interpretations that have been put forward and facilitate the development of your research skills, ability to work together and communicate your ideas.
Globalisation and Social Change
Through TV, newspapers, and other forms of media we are continually told that we live in a fast-moving globalised world. Yet whilst 'globalisation' is now a common term, what it entails and how it affects our lives is often more difficult to discern.
Focusing on the social, cultural, political and economic aspects of globalisation, this module exposes the different dimensions and implications of global social change. Opening with a critical examination of the meaning and competing definitions of globalisation, it moves on to examine: processes and theories of uneven global development, international inequality, the evolution and changing face of global capital, the significance of global environmental risk, the creation of global cultures and the transformation of local culture, migration and transculturalism, the rise of global cities and the urban experience, and the significance of global networks.
Although not a pre-requisite, this module is also a good preparation for students wishing to study Migration and Social Transformation (SO6022) in level 6. The module will help to prepare students for a variety of professions in which knowledge and understanding of international and global social processes is relevant.
Study abroad optional year
You have the option to take an additional year to study abroad or to undertake a year-long work placement overseas (or even a mix of both.)
This course has a sandwich year option which takes place between Year 2 and your Final year. During this sandwich year you will take a placement within a relevant setting, ensuring you gain essential experience to add to your CV and help you secure a graduate job.
In your Final year, you will be introduced to relevant issues within the realm of globalisation, terrorism and international crime. You will undertake an advanced research project on a topic of interest and receive training in research skills. You will also choose from a range of specialist modules that suit your area of interest.
Global Terrorism and Transnational Crime
The aim of the module is to introduce students to relevant issues within the realm of globalisation, terrorism and international crime: eg. terrorism, environmental crime, piracy, human trafficking, criminal networks, cybercrime. It will enable students to develop a detailed comprehension of the complexity of these criminogenic experiences.
In the first part of the course, the module focuses on terrorism. It will be introducing students to a range of complex historical, political and social factors that have contributed to the articulation of terrorist practices. Students will have a chance to engage in the understanding of the reasons why certain practices emerge, the interaction between terrorist discourses and the media and how international law enforcement bodies work and interact.
The second part of the module will present a critical overview of different organised and transnational crimes. Students will be offered a chance to explore the articulation, social control and impact of organised criminal behaviour at an international level. Students will understand the links between terrorist practices and other organised crime (eg. cybercrime or trafficking of humans).
Criminology Extended Dissertation
Through this module you will develop your own criminological specialism by conducting an extended and in-depth study on a topic of your choosing. Students will be tutored in the skills necessary to successfully complete a final year dissertation and will work with a staff supervisor to develop a critical understanding of their research topic. You will work with other students to organize a conference at which you will all present your work, thereby learning the skills of event organization and management as well as having an opportunity to disseminate their dissertation to a wide audience. This module will be an opportunity for you to gain hands-on experience of research skills that can be applied to future postgraduate study and careers in human resources, marketing, public sector and charitable and non-government organisations.
Criminology Dissertation
Through this module you will develop your own criminological specialism by conducting an extended and in-depth study on a topic of your choosing. Students will be tutored in the skills necessary to successfully complete a final year dissertation and will work with a staff supervisor to develop a critical understanding of their research topic. You will gain hands-on experience of research skills that can be applied to future postgraduate study and careers in human resources, marketing, public sector and charitable and non-government organisations.
Criminology/Sociology Dissertation
This module provides you with an opportunity to develop your own criminological/sociological specialism by conducting an extended and in-depth study on a topic of your choosing. You will be tutored in the skills necessary to successfully complete a final year dissertation and will work with a staff supervisor to develop a critical understanding of your research topic. These skills, involving an ability to organise and plan work effectively and autonomously will enhance your employability.
The Politics of Crime in the Black Atlantic
The module studies the role played by race in all aspects of the criminal justice systems in the United States and United Kingdom. It takes as its point of departure Professor Paul Gilroy's 1993 concept of the 'Black Atlantic' as a cultural-political 'space of hybridity' involving Africa, America, Britain and the Caribbean, and we use that concept to examine the extent to which crime and the criminal justice system have been politicised.
The module concerns itself with the shifting politics of race within the criminal justice system. Among other topics, it explores historical representations of race and crime; press and media depictions of black male offenders; racial profiling and the 'othering' of female offenders; and the commodification of prison that has led to the United States having the highest incarceration rates in the world.
Other focal areas include racial disparities within the criminal justice system, the politics of punishment and sentencing, and empirical, theoretical, practical and policy issues. The module addresses issues of representation, the production of knowledge, the historical contexualisation of minority experiences in theoretical perspectives, and the ethical duties of criminologists working within minority experiences.
The module includes a field trip to Bristol to explore the history of immigration and emigration as it relates to crime.
Applied Criminology/Sociology: Work and Volunteering
This is a level 6 optional module that draws upon both criminological and sociological debates and knowledges. You will learn by observing and undertaking work-based practice. The principle underlying this module is that worksites are important contexts for students to test, validate, expand upon, supplement and enrich their academic learning. The module requires students to undertake a minimum of 40 hours of fieldwork in an organisational setting. The form that the fieldwork will take will depend upon the type of placement secured, but, typically it may involve interning, shadowing or volunteering in subject relevant placements (for example across social justice, criminal justice/crime prevention, welfare and support fields). Whilst in their placements you are encouraged to think about the social aspects of organisations and working life, including their structural forms, interpersonal relationships and their practices. You will be supported in securing your placement at level 5 in preparation for the commencement of the module at level 6.
Crimes of the Powerful: Corporations, the State and Human Rights
This module takes a critical look at the concepts of crime, power and class in the contemporary world, and the impact of 'crimes of the powerful' on the struggle for human rights and social justice. The gaze of many political scientists and criminologists tends to be focused firmly 'downwards', towards analysing the misdemeanours of the poor, the dispossessed, the underclass. This module, in contrast, will focus 'upwards', in an attempt to understand and explain deviant actions by states, corporations, and the ruling class more broadly. Through the use of case studies, presented by the teaching team but also generated by students, we will examine issues such as war crimes, torture, corruption, global supply chains, police abuses, and state terrorism.
Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity
This module will be examining some deeply troubling events in recent history and politics and the various ethical, legal and political responses that they have generated. It has been argued that the Holocaust was a critical turning point, a catastrophe which required a fundamental ethical, legal and political rethinking of how the rights of human beings could be protected when states in the modern world engage in the systematic attempt to murder large numbers of people, including many of their own citizens. The module begins with reflections on the Nazi attempt to eliminate a whole group of people (the Jews) and to murder and enslave millions of others. It then considers a range of responses, including the Nuremberg trials, the Genocide Convention, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It examines a number of cases of genocide and crimes against humanity that have nevertheless occurred subsequently. It evaluates the repeated failure for decades to halt or prevent these crimes and then considers the rethinking caused by the genocides in Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and the setting up of ad hoc tribunals and an International Criminal Court to prosecute perpetrators and provide justice to victims. It concludes with reflections on how much progress has been made in protecting citizens in a world of sovereign nation states and what forms of justice can work after such crimes have been committed. These are highly contested questions and the module is designed to encourage the critical analysis and evaluation of a wide range of arguments that have been put forward from a variety of perspectives.
Human Rights and Political Violence
Conceptions of self and other are deeply embedded in violent conflict, an activity which typically results in the most egregious violations of human rights. Highly polarised identities often sit uneasily with a universal humanity. Based on the broad theme of the universal versus the particular, this module explores the interaction between identity, violent conflict and the abuse of human rights. It provides students with the opportunity to consider how protracted conflicts may be better resolved more effectively and human rights better protected. The module blends theoretical discussion of political violence with an analysis of recent conflicts and the legal and institutional mechanisms which have emerged to reduce their detrimental impact on human rights.
Migration and Social Transformation
Global migration has intensified rapidly since 1960, with the UNPD estimating an increase from 80 to 210 million by 2009. It has become a contentious political topic with far-reaching consequences for contemporary societies, and arguably for established sociological paradigms (e.g. methodological nationalism).
The module will equip students to understand and investigate in depth the social dynamics of migration and its consequences, and enable them to offer informed and critical comment on contemporary debates (e.g. media coverage of migration, on the economics of migration, and on migration's consequences for social solidarity).
It offers students the opportunity to build on interests and skills developed at Level 5 (e.g. in International Perspectives and Sociological Approaches), and broadens the department's offering at Level 6 to a new area of contemporary social relevance.
Social Intersections: Gender, Race and Class
This module explores the social intersections between gender, race and class. It begins by examining historical conceptualisations of these terms and intersections, and the social and civil movements that challenged how these terms were considered in both women's and men's lives.
From the beginning, the module will introduce you to a wide range of feminist approaches in order to make sense of various intersections of gender, race and class. In this module you will consider how such categories and intersections contribute to identity constructions and contestations. You will reflect on these elements within contemporary examples of everyday life – for example, consumption, families and intimacies, education and sport. Upon completion of this module you will have expanded your skills in critical reflection and analysis of social intersections and inequalities.
The information above reflects the currently intended course structure and module details. Updates may be made on an annual basis and revised details will be published through Programme Specifications ahead of each academic year. The regulations governing this course are available on our website. If we have insufficient numbers of students interested in an optional module, this may not be offered.
Foundation year - Social Sciences
If you would like to study this degree at Kingston University but are not yet ready to join the first year of a BSc (Hons) course, you may want to consider studying this course with a foundation year.
Find out more about the foundation year
A criminology degree prepares students for life after university by teaching key transferable skills that employers are looking for. These include problem-solving and analytic skills; critical thinking and reasoning; team working, project planning and leadership; self-motivation and working independently; managing and interpreting data sets; written and oral communication, including public speaking.
Our criminology graduates have gone on to work in diverse fields, entering a range of careers including:
Criminal justice and advocacy organisations
The Metropolitan Police
National Offender Management Service
Youth offending teams
The Prison Reform Trust
Crime research
Health, housing and welfare
Local and central government
If you want to join us in 2019 through Clearing, please call us on 0800 0483 334 (or +44 020 8328 1149 if you are calling from outside the UK) and speak to our friendly and knowledgeable hotliners who will be able to provide information on available courses and will guide you through your options.
Please note the tariff information below is for 2020 entry only.
112 UCAS tariff points (to include at least two A-levels or equivalent qualifications)
BTEC Lvl3 National: Distinction, Merit, Merit (DMM)
Candidates are normally required to hold five GCSE subjects grades A*-C including Mathematics and English Language (or comparable numeric score under the newly reformed GCSE grading).
Entry on to this course does not require an interview, entrance test, audition or portfolio
Alternative Routes
Mature applicants (21 years and older) will need to pass a QAA-approved Access to Higher Education Diploma in a relevant subject with 60 credits, minimum 45 credits at Level 3 including 21 at merit + GCSE English Language grade C + GCSE Maths grade C (or comparable numeric score under the newly reformed GCSE grading).
Applicants under 21 years will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
We welcome applications from International Applicants. Please click here to view our standard entry requirements from your country
All non-UK applicants must meet our English Language requirements. For this course it is Academic IELTS of 6.5 overall, with no element below 5.5
Timetabled teaching and learning on this course includes lectures, small group tutorials and seminars.
When not attending timetabled sessions, you will be expected to continue learning independently through self-study. This typically will involve reading journal articles and books, working on individual and group projects, undertaking preparing coursework assignments and presentations, and preparing for exams. Your independent learning is supported by a range of excellent facilities including online resources, the library and CANVAS, the online virtual learning platform.
Our academic support team here at Kingston University provides help in a range of areas.
Dedicated personal tutor
When you arrive, we'll introduce you to your personal tutor. This is the member of academic staff who will provide academic guidance, be a support throughout your time at Kingston and who will show you how to make the best use of all the help and resources that we offer at Kingston University.
Your workload
Scheduled teaching
Year 1 - 22% of your time is spent in timetabled teaching and learning activity
Final year - 19% of your time is spent in timetabled teaching and learning activity
Contact hours may vary depending on your modules
How you will be assessed
Assessment typically comprises exams (eg test or exam), practical (eg presentations, performance) and coursework (eg essays, reports, self-assessment, portfolios, dissertation). The approximate percentage for how you will be assessed on this course is as follows, though depends to some extent on the optional modules you choose:
Practical: 0%
Exam: 0%
Feedback summary
We aim to provide feedback on assessments within 20 working days.
Your individualised timetable is normally available to students within 48 hours of enrolment. Whilst we make every effort to ensure timetables are as student-friendly as possible, scheduled teaching can take place on any day of the week between 9.00am and 6.00pm. For undergraduate students Wednesday afternoons are normally reserved for sports and cultural activities, but there may be occasions when this is not possible. Timetables for part-time students will depend on the modules selected.
Class sizes
To give you an indication of class sizes, this course normally attracts 87 students and lecture sizes are normally 80-180. However this can vary by module and academic year.
Who teaches this course?
You will be taught by an experienced teaching team whose expertise and knowledge are closely matched to the content of the modules on this course. The team includes senior academics and professional practitioners with industry experience. Postgraduate research students may also contribute to the teaching of seminars under the supervision of the module leader.
The following group of staff members are currently involved in the delivery of different elements of this course. This pool is subject to change at any time within the academic year.
Dr Sylvia Collins-Mayo
Course Director
Dr Katherine Appleford
Dr Camilla De Camargo
Dr Francis Dodsworth
Professor David Herbert
Dr Andy Higginbottom
Dr Joanna Jamel
Dr Amy Mitchell
Professor Kay Peggs
2019/20 fees for this course
The tuition fee you pay depends on whether you are assessed as a 'Home' (UK or EU), 'Islands' or International' student. In 2019/20 the fees for this course are:
Fee category
Home (UK and EU students) Foundation year: £7,800
£9,250*
International Foundation: £12,700
Year 1 (2019/20): £12,700 or £14,200**
Islands (Channel Islands and Isle of Man) To be confirmed by the Island Authorities
* These fees are annual and may increase in line with inflation each year subject to the results of the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF).
** The international fee rate charged will depend upon the course combination chosen.
Eligible UK and EU students can apply to the Government for a tuition loan, which is paid direct to the University. This has a low interest-rate which is charged from the time the first part of the loan is paid to the University until you have repaid it.
Depending on the programme of study, there may be extra costs which are not covered by tuition fees, which students will need to consider when planning their studies.
Tuition fees cover the cost of your teaching, assessment and operating University facilities such as the library, IT equipment and other support services. Accommodation and living costs are not included in our fees.
Where a course has additional expenses, we make every effort to highlight them. These may include optional field trips, materials (e.g. art, design, engineering), security checks such as DBS, uniforms, specialist clothing or professional memberships.
Our libraries are a valuable resource with an extensive collection of books and journals as well as first-class facilities and IT equipment. You may prefer to, or be required to, buy your own copy of key textbooks.
There are open-access networked computers available across the University, plus laptops available to loan. You may find it useful to have your own PC, laptop or tablet which you can use around campus and in halls of residences.
Free WIFI is available on each of the campuses.
In the majority of cases coursework can be submitted online. There may be instances when you will be required to submit work in a printed format. Printing and photocopying costs are not included in your tuition fees.
Travel costs are not included but we do have a free intersite bus service which links the campuses and halls of residence.
Note for EU students: UK withdrawal from the European Union
EU students starting a programme in the 2019/20 academic year will be charged the same fees as those who began in 2018/19 (subject to any annual increase in accordance with the applicable terms and conditions and the Kingston University fees schedule).
They will also be able to access the same financial support for the duration of their course as students who began in 2018/19, even if their degree concludes after the UK's exit from the EU.
No assurances have yet been made regarding 2020/21 and beyond. Updates will be published here as soon as they become available.
The tuition fee you pay depends on whether you are assessed as a 'Home' (UK or EU), 'Islands' or 'International' student. In 2020/21 the fees for this course are:
Home (UK and EU students)
Foundation year: £9,250
Foundation year: £13,100
The lecturing team at Kingston are amazing. The lecturers know me personally and are so happy to help academically and emotionally. They have emailed me with opportunities and talks that match my interests.
Adam Perry, Criminology BSc (Hons)
The most enjoyable aspect of my criminology degree has been the way in which I can tailor the course to my own interests. Through choosing modules, you can learn about aspects of criminology that you find particularly interesting.
Emilia Gill, Criminology BSc (Hons)
Key information set
The scrolling banner(s) below display some key factual data about this course (including different course combinations or delivery modes of this course where relevant).
Criminology and Forensic Psychology BSc (Hons)
Criminology and International Relations BSc (Hons)
Criminology and Sociology BSc (Hons)
Human Rights and Criminology BA (Hons)
Sociology BSc (Hons)
Why choose Kingston University
Access and participation


In my internal evolution I noticed the past two years has brought experiences of deep exposure. The bridge between the astral plane and physical plane keeps getting thinner and thinner for me. Feeling open and vulnerable in the world has never been an easy thing for me. I grew up in an environment where it wasn't safe to be open, exposed and loud. My work in this life has taken me through many avenues where I had to stare that fear straight in the face. And walk across that bridge, feeling the predators luring under me in the water. Death ready to consume me and end my physical existence.
And so life brought me careers and jobs and hobbies that will require me to lean into this fear and conquer. The fear of speaking in front of groups has inhibited me from studying the art of yoga for three some years, till I took the plunge. It was the year 2005. I lied to myself intending to just take the training without ever wanting to teach. I desperately wanted to teach yoga. I admire the yogis in the classroom, walking around confidently, beautifully, expressing themselves in their brilliance. I wanted that. I wanted to be that. And I never thought it possible. Not me. That is simply not my path. Its a dream for another person that carry those skills.
I heard a beautiful saying from my spiritual teacher a while back. We can only see in another what we have in ourselves. If I see power, ease, and creativity in you, I see that through my own 'beingness' in this world. Perhaps hidden, locked down in some unconscious vault inside me, are those gifts yet to discover.
I loved the training. It changed my perception of life. I felt right at home. Still the fear of sharing my voice in a crowd was outweighing the desire to lead others. I am drawn to a career that will bring me experiences I dread, like death itself. Why can't life be easier and bring you a desire for something you're more comfortable with?
Well, why would a soul re-incarnate into a body, into this world, re-living, and re-learning qualities it's already a master of? We are here once more to study and learn the things we are in need of. To become more balanced, more whole and free, like never before. I do get that. If only it was less painful. I understand that through the pain and challenge we grow, we transform and become all we are inside flowering outward, becoming a gift onto this world. We simply must continue on our path. Without question.
I started testing my voice in small groups out in nature, leading a few friends through yoga, exchanging by donation. It was scary. It took all of my energy to walk towards this moment to lead them through a class. I would sit in my car, sweat, shake, obsessing in my mind, listening to the voices in my head till my head spins out of control. Were I too quit, life would be simpler. We always have a choice. Yet something inside me pushed forward.
And each time after teaching a class I'd experience a bliss-like sensation I haven't felt before. A lightness, joy, and expansion. What was that??? Empowerment creeped each time I walked through the biggest fear of my life, realizing on the other side of it was success. I did it. I won. It took quite a while for those nerves to lessen. Some days it was almost unbearable, reminding me of my struggle with panic attacks in an earlier part of my life. Other days it would be almost effortless, my mind was quiet, and I felt more trust. It kept sneaking in bit by bit.
Each time I step up in life, risking more, I find myself back at square one. Anxious just like my first class, just now in an actual yoga studio. The nerves didn't go away and the judgments from my own critic inside stayed with me for weeks to follow. I would beat myself up internally for not showing up in perfection.
Such a shame as this pursuit of perfection is completely unattainable. We can never arrive at this destination. So it's a pursuit that will always leave us disappointed. At the time it seemed important. To be perfect and lovable. Because in this space of imperfection I am not that. Lovable. I simply must be perfect to experience the energy of love in my life. How sad, looking back, realizing I spilled so much energy outward because of it.
It took another 500 hours, and more, to start gaining confidence in my voice. More and more classes started to snuck in weekly. On one beautiful afternoon walking home after teaching, it struck me how much healing has occurred. I barely use any of my personal energy before class worrying about class, and I gain a whole universe of energy as an exchange. And each time I teach, being deeply consumed in the present moment, is in fact the deepest meditation I've ever experienced. How I feel prior to, after class, is radically different. Wow.
I am ruled by a fire sign, my rising a fire sign, and moon an earth sign. This fire and strong spirit inside this body seem to have kept pushing me upward, as if enjoying each challenge, each fear-given moment. I can't seem to relax after one accomplishment. Each time I feel victorious, I was looking for the next mountain to climb. A good addiction to have, I would say. And so I added workshops, immersions, yoga and meditation trainings. And lets not forget retreats.
In my study around energy and people, starting with myself, I begin to see patterns. Each new height in my life, must be reached through a similar painful experience. I would hit the same terror inside, and the fear of being exposed. The fear of being seen in the spotlight. The fear of not knowing if my voice will show up the way I want it too. And then the fear would spiral bigger in my mind, bringing all the judgements. What if people see the fear in me, and judge or reject me?
It is part of me. It makes me who I am. It is who I am.
As much as my constitution is strong, I am hyper sensitive. And highly intuitive. The energy of anxiety and intuition are only a few degrees different. It's a shift in perception. If I can love the energy of anxiety I feel it in my body, it becomes intuition. Then bring love and anxiety and mix them together. They turn into compassion, and the gift of seeing beyond the surface of life. A deeper way of feeling and residing in this world. And the more I meditate and do my spiritual work, the more I feel the energy of the world.
I feel everything. I feel you. I feel everything about you.
And as I continue to open to a deeper dimension of life, experiencing life in a more subtle, expanded way, its like I'm living in a another dimension, while residing in the physical, I feel more and more exposed. As they vail of the astral plane and physical plane gets thinner. I begin to see more, feel more, experience more. Things are brighter, more vivid. You are more beautiful. Ah, the heart is opening!
And as all these beautiful shifts occur, my mind seem to fear the old fear again.
I feel exposed. I am deeply exposed, open, and standing in full vulnerability!!
I am becoming more and more intimate with the world around me. This all in the face of this fear I know so intimately. I keep dancing, going back and forth, with feelings of high bliss states, and fearful anxiety filled moments. It's a switch in awareness. Its all how I like to direct my focus.
And then I remember that this journey is meant to be shared with you. This journey that I've walked till now. These painful, scary moments are all so worth it, when I can express the teachings I have learnt on the way with you. You, in desperate need to hear. To know there is hope. Anything is possible. With hard work, conviction and determination, all is reachable. We can all have the dream we once thought impossible.
We can be that which we admire in life. We already are that. We must simply trust the order of this life. We must not give in to the fear our mind holds, and remember its all a game this life we are in. Just watch it. Be part of it. Don't become the fear. Just allow it to be there. Let it have it's moment in the spotlight, then let it move.
I am not my fear. I feel it moving through me at times. I am not my emotions or my feelings. They are just something I experience for a moment in time. And if I give them a voice, a place to become a reality, and not push it away, it seem to stay small, exactly what they are. Small moments I get to experience on this journey. And lets not forget the bigger reason for them existing. They are there so I get to experience them, so I get to teach about them.
I am a teacher of life. My life. I experience. I teach. I learn. I teach. I heal. I teach.
So stop fighting against the order of life. Resistance can be, oh so painful at times. I will continue to stand tall in my imperfections, my fear, my joy, my expansion, my past, the present and what is yet to come. And I will continue to love, especially love those parts of myself I have given little or no love to in the past.
Each time I walk through the terror, my voice seem to hold more power. The ability to move energy with my voice has become obvious to me. They say our biggest obstacles become our biggest gifts. If everything you want in on the other side of this mountain, would you brave climbing over it? How much would you risk/work for the things you truly desire? In the face of judgements, rejections, and who knows, maybe even pushing you to stand alone in this big world?
Can you love yourself in the spaces of deep and vulnerable exposures?


Movement is not something human beings can take for granted. Unlike other living creatures that stand on their feet and walk shortly after birth, the human baby is obliged to learn the skill of coordinated locomotion all by himself.
He does this through an unrelenting "trial and error" experiments —seemingly aimless explorations, with accidental stumbling upon unknown options — until, after a process of repetition, he gives preference to, and settles upon, some particular solutions that sufficiently satisfy his urges.
Beyond accomplishing the growing infant's satisfaction for his current needs aims, these autonomous quests for functional competence works to build-up his judgment mechanism, and cultivate his personal Movement Intelligence — which will become in the future his ever-faithful compass for navigating his coordination throughout a lifetime of ever-changing, unpredictable events.
Civilized man, living under the minimal physical demands of contemporary cultural life, has discontinued his early life search, and relies instead upon a limited repertoire of personally acquired routines, , which might no longer be optimally efficient, and merely serving to sustain his existence, at a compromised level. In time this less than perfect body management, can accumulate into disturbing movement limitations.
what you don't do becomes more difficult.
In order to not deteriorate, the human body — unlike the man made machinery — can avoid warring out just with time, if he will constantly keep his mobility active, to his fullest potential. To maintain optimal function, a grown-up must continue to perfect his quality of moving, as well as kindle his passion to do so. Physical fitness is a dynamic, ongoing self-nurturing process.
Sustaining body fitness is less like keeping your money in a safe deposit box, but more like initiating new sources of affluence. In movement currency, this dynamic perception of investing sensibly and manoeuvring capital to grow, is what will renew your physical condition to its best throughout your lifetime.
In offering his solutions for the deteriorating quality of modern man's movement, Moshe Feldenkrais, Doc. Sci. [1904–1984], modelled his strategies to improve function on the baby's auto-didactic explorations — trying out and sensing a variety of options — as they occur naturally at the beginning of life. He deciphered the algorithm for developing functional fitness from the baby's autonomous acquisition of his "mother tongue" of movement, and applied these same organic principles — whose efficiency had been proven over millions of years of evolution — to also update and reform mature man's lifelong accumulation of less-than-perfect habits.


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Across The Pond Profile: Invicta Fighting Championships fighter Josee Storts
The state of women's MMA is taking a turn for the better thanks to Invicta FC'S network television debut on AXS TV. In today's episode of Across The Pond, you will meet a red river sledgehammer looking to drill the destruction home as she looks to create a sizeable cushion from the rest of the pack at flyweight. A professional mixed martial artist since June 2019 and representing Jackson-Wink MMA, Josee Storts owns an undefeated 3-0 professional record comprised of two submissions and one decision. Storts has finished two out of her three victories during her time in the professional ranks and is currently 2-0 under the banner of Invicta Fighting Championships, with one finish in two appearances. She has gone to the scorecards once in her career, winning via decision across the board in that lone instance. Both of Storts's finishes during her time as a pro-MMA fighter have come within the first two rounds, with one first-round finish under her belt.
In her MMA debut at Walkout FC 14, she faced Ashlynn Kleinbeck and went on to submit her via triangle choke in the second round. Storts tapped out Helen Lucero in the first round via triangle armbar in her promotional debut with Invicta Fighting Championships at Pheonix Rising 2 to earn her second submission victory as a professional.
Then in her second appearance with Invicta Fighting Championships at Invicta FC 44 that marked the promotion's network television debut on AXS TV, she defeated Maria Jose Garcia Favela via unanimous decision. The victory earned Storts the first decision win of her professional career. She also picked up back-to-back wins under the banner of Invicta Fighting Championships in the process. With two out of her three wins coming via tapout, Storts will drill you a grave six feet under the earth if you dare make a tactical mistake!


Friday night in New Orleans the Raptors will try to get back on track after a couple of tough defeats to streaking teams in the Detroit Pistons and Houston Rockets. The Pelicans come into Friday night as the winners of three of their last four games, but will be missing Jrue Holiday with an abdominal strain, which will be a significant loss for the team.
Toronto will need to find some way to mitigate the bench lineups that have been struggling of late, and pressure will be on Nick Nurse as he looks for solutions for those minutes. The starters have largely played well, whether that's with Serge Ibaka or Marc Gasol in at the center spot, but the bench units have almost entirely struggled regardless of center. While the rotation in the middle remains something to keep an eye on for the team, that likely isn't the solution for solving the bench woes.
The Pelicans are almost assuredly out of the playoff race at this point in the season, and have been playing the role of spoiler since the trade deadline, with solid victories over the Denver Nuggets and Utah Jazz on a recent road trip. Motivated lottery teams can be tough tests at this point in the season, as the players on those rosters are looking to prove themselves heading into the offseason, and the Raptors will have to avoid playing down to a weaker opponent in this game. As well, All-Star Anthony Davis is expected to play in this game, but is currently on a minutes restriction that will limit him to 20 minutes a night.
For Toronto this game kicks off a three-game road trip that will have them in Miami and Cleveland next, and an opportunity to develop some chemistry and rhythm as we get closer to the playoffs. A solid victory during which the Raptors flex their strengths as a team would be a welcome sight in New Orleans.
Fred VanVleet (thumb) is still out.
Dairis Bertans(personal), Trevon Bluiett(thumb), Jrue Holiday(abdominal strain), and E'Twaun Moore(quad) are all listed as out. Jahlil Okafor is listed as questionable.


Last week Republicans in Indiana, Ohio, and West Virginia went to the polls in their party's primary.
The Senate races in Indiana and West Virginia will be two of the most watched in the nation this election cycle. Senators Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Joe Donnelly face an uphill battle as the electorate in their states has moved further to the right.
Every race and every state is different. The outcome in the Indiana and West Virginia races do not predict what the outcome will be in Arizona. However, if these two races are the beginning of a trend this election cycle, then the future is bright for Kelli Ward.
In both Indiana and West Virginia, sitting members of the US House of Representative threw their hats in the ring for the upper chamber of Congress. In both states, Republican voters opted for other candidates.
In Indiana, Mike Braun, a businessman and former state Representative, defeated his opponents with 41.2 percent of the vote. Congressmen Todd Rokita and Luke Messer received 30 and 28.8 percent, respectively.
West Virginia Attorney General Patrick Morrisey won the Republican primary with 34.7 percent, while Congressman Evan Jenkins received 29.2 percent. Don Blankenship came in third place with 19.9 percent.
Blankenship is the former chairman of Massey Energy who was sentenced to one year in prison for violating mine safety and health standards in connection to the Upper Big Branch Mine disaster in which 29 miners lost their lives.
After the disastrous election in Alabama in which voters picked Roy Moore over then-Senator Luther Strange, many in the Republican party were concerned over the possibility of a Blankenship victory in West Virginia.
Like Moore, Blankenship attempted to sell himself to the voters as a candidate akin to and closely aligned with President Donald Trump. Again like Moore, many Republicans viewed Blankenship's conviction related to the Upper Big Branch Mine disaster as a potentially insurmountable obstacle in a general election against Senator Joe Manchin.
In the Indiana and West Virginia elections, voters opted for outsiders but shied away from the fringe candidate.
If this pattern persists in Arizona, then Kelli Ward will win the GOP primary this August.
In Arizona the three contenders to replace outgoing Senator Jeff Flake are Kelli Ward, Martha McSally, and Joe Arpaio.
Ward is a former Arizona lawmaker and osteopathic doctor. She unsuccessfully challenged Senator John McCain in the 2016 primary.
McSally represents congressional district 2 in southeastern Arizona. Before running for Congress, McSally was an A-10 pilot and colonel in the Air Force. She was first elected to Congress in 2014 narrowly defeating Ron Barber. She easily defeated Democrat Matt Heinz in 2016 even though Hillary Clinton carried her district.
Arpaio is the former sheriff of Maricopa county. He was an early supporter of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election. In his first year in office, President Trump issued a presidential pardon for Arpaio.
Two polls last month paint both a conflicting and a clear picture of the Republican primary election to replace Senator Flake. While the publically available polls show mixed results for first place, they all show Arpaio trailing.
The polls were conducted by Magellan Strategies and ABC 15 Arizona and OH Predictive Insights.
The Magellan poll of 755 likely voters found 36 percent of Republican voters preferred McSally, while 25 percent preferred Ward and 26 percent Arpaio. Six percent said they support a generic other candidate and 7 percent were undecided. The poll has a margin of error of 3.6 percent.
The OH Predictive Insight poll of 302 likely voters found conflicting results for the frontrunner. In their poll, 36 percent supported Ward, 27 percent McSally, 22 percent Arpaio, and 15 percent undecided.
An OH Predictive Insight poll of likely voters in January found McSally with 31 percent support, Ward with 25, and Arpaio with 29.
Although it is unclear if Republican voters will nominate McSally or Ward, it appears clear that Arpaio is unlikely to win the primary. Like voters in West Virginia, voters may be wary of supporting Arpaio and potentially ceding another seat in the Senate from a red state to a moderate Democrat.
Senate races in Arizona have typically been slam dunks for Republicans. Senator John McCain defeated his last two opponents, Rodney Glassman in 2010 and Congresswoman Ann Kirkpatrick in 2016, by 24 and 13 points, respectively.
For decades, Senator Jon Kyl won election and reelection by similar margins.
For much of their career, however, both men were buoyed by personal popularity and the benefits of incumbency. Senator Jeff Flake's election was the first sign that Republicans could not count on two safe Senate seats from Arizona.
In 2012 then-Congressman Flake defeated former-US Surgeon General Richard Carmona by a mere 3 points. The closest margin of victory for an Arizona Senator since 1980 when Barry Goldwater defeated Democrat Bill Schultz 49.5 to 48.4.
Polling data suggest that this year's election will be just as close.
Democrats are likely to select Congresswoman Kyrsten Sinema as their nominee. Sinema is a moderate Democrat representing Arizona's 9th congressional district which covers Tempe and parts of Scottsdale, Mesa, Chandler, and Phoenix.
Polling by OH Predictive Insights found that Sinema leads all three Republicans among likely voters.
Polling data from November and April show Sinema's lead over McSally expanding from 46-45 to 48-42. During the same period, Sinema's lead over Ward expanded even more from 46-43 to 50-40. The single head-to-head poll of Sinema and Arpaio in April found voters preferred Sinema 59-33.
After President Trump's victory in 2016, enthusiasm among Democrats is at an all-time high. Evidence of a blue wave in Arizona was on display last month in the special election to replace former-Congressman Trent Franks. In that election, Republican Debbie Lesko won by just 5 percent in a district that Mitt Romney carried by 25 points in 2012 and 21 points by Trump in 2016.
Arizona holds its primary on August 28. In a year when control over the Senate may come down to a single election, there is a lot riding on the outcome of this Republican primary.


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Oxycirrhites typus () è un pesce osseo appartenente alla famiglia Cirrhitidae, unico membro del genere Oxycirrhites.

Distribuzione e habitat
Questa specie è diffusa nell'Indo-Pacifico dal mar Rosso e il Sudafrica alle Hawaii, al Giappone meridionale e alla Nuova Caledonia. È presente anche nel Pacifico orientale tra il golfo di California e il nord della Colombia e alle isole Galápagos. Non sembra essere una specie comune in nessun punto del suo vasto areale.

O. typus popola le cadute rocciose verticali a profondità tra 10 e i 100 metri di profondità ma è raro sopra i 25 metri, in zone battute dalle correnti. Si incontra quasi sempre fra le ramificazioni delle gorgonie e dei coralli neri tra cui si mimetizza.

Descrizione
Questa specie ha un aspetto caratteristico e inconfondibile. La sagoma è snella con muso allungato e appuntito; il corpo si alza leggermente dietro gli occhi. La pinna dorsale è alta, con 10 raggi spinosi allungati. La pinna caudale, biloba, è di dimensioni medio piccole, portata su un peduncolo caudale piuttosto tozzo. La livrea ha sfondo biancastro o roseo molto chiaro con diverse linee rosso vivo longitudinali complete o non che si intersecano con altre linee verticali dello stesso colore a formare un reticolo a maglie quadrate. Punti e brevi linee rosse sono disposte sulla testa e il muso, sulla pinna dorsale e sulla caudale. Le altre pinne sono incolori.

Misura fino a 13 centimetri di lunghezza.

Biologia

Comportamento
Fa vita solitaria o in gruppetti di pochi individui. È un animale sedentario e territoriale. Ha uno stile di vita bentonico.

Alimentazione
Si nutre di piccoli invertebrati, soprattutto crostacei, sia bentonici che planctonici.

Riproduzione
L'ipotesi che deponesse le uova sul fondo è stata smentita da osservazioni subacquee durante la deposizione di uova pelagiche. Forma coppie monogame.

Conservazione
O. typus è una specie poco frequente in tutto l'areale. Non rivestendo alcuna importanza per la pesca l'unico prelievo effettuato è quello di esemplari vivi per il mercato degli acquari, che è molto modesto ed è molto improbabile che possa portare a rarefazione delle popolazioni. Anche il suo habitat non legato alle barriere coralline ma a fondali più profondi e ad acque più fresche mette al riparo questa specie dagli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici. Per questi motivi la Lista rossa IUCN classifica O. typus come "a rischio minimo".

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Cirrhitidae
Taxa classificati da Pieter Bleeker

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia