According to a survey done in 2016, around 43% of British women are not getting enough sleep. Insomnia is described as having difficulty falling and staying asleep and as insomnia is a disorder within itself, it can be presented as either chronic insomnia or short term insomnia. People who suffer with insomnia suffer with symptoms such as fatigue and irritability which can contribute to more severe disorders such as anxiety disorders.
However, it can work exactly in the opposite manner as well, and people with anxiety disorders may develop insomnia due to their anxiety. So the two coexist and can cause one another.
We are all well aware of remedies such as lavender and meditation to help with sleep, but these 7 tips below are probably less well known.
So whether you suffer from chronic insomnia or whether your sleep disturbances have been brought on by anxiety disorder, the 7 tips below should help you on the road to a more restful night.
Establishing an evening routine is about the most important thing you can do!
Without it, you are going to struggle!
Having a routine is going to help your mind and body get into a habit of preparing for sleep at a certain time.
Your evening routine should be sleep inducing, and many of the next tips that I am going to mention below can be incorporated into your routine!
Melatonin is the sleep hormone and it is stimulated by darkness and warm shades such as amber or red. Installing a red light bulb in your bedroom will help stimulate the melatonin that helps you get sleepy.
Something like these lights which can be purchased here will help you do this.
If you can avoid using any electronic devices before bedtime, that would be first prize, but if you read or work on a computer, I-pad or phone at night, set it onto night mode before you go to sleep. The night mode function changes the lighting setting enabling you to sleep better.
If you have a thermostat, set your bedroom on anything between 16-20 degrees Celsius. This is the ideal temperature to aid in sleep. Also make sure that you get enough air circulating through the day, so that you not breathing in stale air. Open your bedroom window during the day to ensure this.
I have always been a fan of chamomile tea to help with sleep, but recently I have gone mad over valerian root tea. You can get this tea from health shops. many of them including the one I use is mixed into a blend for helping with insomnia, so the choice is yours. You can either use the pure blend or a mixture of valerian and other sleep aiding herbs. Either way, they are going to relax you and prepare you for night time.
I use the Dr Stuart Brand.
I am still in awe at how few people know about these, and I talk further and about more of these tones, beats and noises in my book 'My Anxiety Companion' but in a nutshell, these are very specific types of 'tones' that can be played to target ailments such as insomnia, anxiety and study stress. Isochronic tones are regular beats of a single tone that is played to induce calmness in a person. They can also be used with Binaural Beats. This is all known as Brainwave entrainment. Noises include Pink, white and brown, which mimic sounds such a gushing rivers but pay more attention to the level of frequency depending on the noise played.
I know for a lot of people that starch is considered an enemy to eat at night, but if you suffer from anxiety and/or insomnia, it might actually help you. Starchy foods raise serotonin levels which are our feel good hormones, helping us to relax. Eating something like a baked potato with your dinner will aid in this being able to happen.
This is pretty self explanatory, however it is not so easy to do. Many of us, if given the chance cannot resist a short cat nap during the day, but if you suffer from insomnia, it is not a good idea. Taking naps during the day will throw your natural circadian rhythm out of balance, causing your body clock to want to sleep during the day and stay awake at night. A trick to try and not sleep during the day is to get up and do something or go for a walk, even do a workout! It's not always easy, and with so many people struggling with ailments such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, sometimes you do need to take a Siesta.
However, if you do need to, just be mindful of time, and do not nap for more than 30 minutes, and do it before 4pm in the afternoon.
There are many natural and herbal remedies on the market that can be used to aid better sleep. A natural sleep aid like Kalms is something that I like to use, and is fine to be taken alongside other medication. Please always discuss medication, even herbal alternatives with a doctor or health practitioner beforehand!
I love my diffuser more for it's very soft but calming noise that it makes while I sleep, but in theory, the real reason to have a diffuser is because not only do they clean the air in the room they are in, but you can add essential oils to them and the scent will be released very subtly into the air.
The one I have has a colour changing light, which I love, and I often set it to red.
Purchase one like mine here.
11) Read a Book, not a Kindle!
Even though you can set your electronic device to night mode, I would still recommend rather reading a good old fashioned book or magazine before bed!
There is just nothing better than curling up into bed with a nice book!
Bonus Tip!!! I use the Zhu Zhu lavender scented sleep mask. It's great and the scent has really lasted a long time. Unfortunately the one that I use is only available in the UK, but don't worry as I found a really similar one that is available in the US over here.
It's infused with lavender which helps with sleep and relaxation, whilst a good old sleep mask will help stimulate melatonin by creating the complete dark effect on your eyes.
Extra Bonus Tip!!! Just take your phone out of your room altogether!
This will help to curb temptation to sit on social media and youtube, and it's really handy in the morning when your alarm goes off, as you need to actually get out of bed to turn it off!
Any links provided are there to help insomnia.
None of these suggestions are guaranteed to cure insomnia.


It's no accident you just typed in a search term related to search engine optimization or SEM and and found us here in the Ellendale search results – we used specific strategies and technical maneuvers to increase our visibility here in search engines.
Over 80% of consumers use search engines to find local businesses, and 90% of searchers never go past Page 1 of Google. Also, 94% of people will click on Organic Results rather than paid advertisements, and trust organic results more than ads which increases avg conversion rate. Without good SEO you are losing over 90% of all Ellendale prospects searching online for the exact products and/or services your business provides.
SEO, or Search Engine Optimization, is basically the process which gets your business to show up as the #1 result on Google (or other search engines) when someone searches for the products or services your business provides in Ellendale. Our SEO agency knows the proper steps to get your website in the top Google results no matter the location or size of your business.
Search Engine Optimization is as well known as SEO. The major search engines such as Yahoo, Bing, and Google all display the most relevant webpages at the top of their search pages. The procedure is free, and in that accord, webmasters are tasked with aligning their stuff to increase their websites recognition. The result of proper SEO is an increase in the quantity and the quality of organic search traffic.
How many times do you pass multiple billboards on your way to work in Ellendale? Consider SEO in this same fashion, after seeing a billboard multiple times on the highway, you may be interested to stop in the store. The exact advertisement policy works with SEO. Web users looking for a certain topic will be encouraged to check out a business that consistently appears in their search results.
Search engines have a mechanism that collects information on the web and uses an algorithm to rank it. Optimization entails changing titles, meta descriptions. There are millions of people using search engines every day to seek for information, and businesses are always tweaking their websites in order to reap the benefits of SEO. These are a few advantages of investing in SEO all company owners should take into account when preparing their digital marketing budgets.
For instance, a person trying to find an eatery to eat in Ellendale will select all from the ones that come up in the first rankings page and not the others. Be aware that running a successful firm needs investments.
With SEO, a new business in State can stay afloat without having to spend on printing flyers and promoting their business using other costly methods. The internet is the proper tool for startups to realize popularity among their target consumers.
SEO can help a website grow through the years. The consequence is that it will keep on generating traffic. While search engine marketing campaigns can show your business on top of the first page, your listing will disappear as soon as you'll stop paying. On the contrary, organic search results will stick even in the absence of all investments.
There are more people using the web on their mobile devices than ever before. You can easily understand why, taking into consideration smartphones are convenient and easy to carry. Cell phone users rely on natural search results as opposed to ads. This is a consequence of the fact that organic results cater to specific users, being therefore more likely to suit their needs. Business owners who grasp the significance of mobile internet search should concentrate on SEO.
The use of smartphones and tablets is tightly linked to the rise of social media platforms. Users of Twitter, Facebook, Twitter, and Whatsapp are continually referring to business when conversing. When these people need to get something, they often search for it on the internet, and it is critical that they get your site ready and simple to reach out to. By offering credible information, you can rest assured these people will share your content with friends.
It is easy to bypass the significance of SEO marketing when driving a small startup. However, these small firms have a lot to benefit from SEO since most of the searches look for answers that are near their location. For instance, a new person in town trying to find a restaurant to have lunch in will check the internet to find a famous eatery in the area that serves their best dish. Top ranking business are the most likely to benefit from such users. Moreover, people use to give ratings and write reviews of businesses they use, this being a way to build credibility.
Local establishments in Ellendale have a lot to gain since they can easily get good reviews from clients who are dedicated to their enterprises. If you were thinking SEO would be only a financial burden to your company, remember that people are constantly moving into new areas or searching for new experiences.
It's very difficult for small businesses in Ellendale to draw in clients from established brands. SEO provides them an affordable solution to become available for their potential customers, and to obtain fast results that wouldn't be possible otherwise. An established brand may overlook the importance of SEO, thus creating opportunities for small businesses to take advantage of. In the long run, trust is built, and prospects become seasoned clients.


In a RGB color space, hex #017809 is composed of 0.4% red, 47.1% green and 3.5% blue. Whereas in a CMYK color space, it is composed of 99.2% cyan, 0% magenta, 92.5% yellow and 52.9% black. It has a hue angle of 124 degrees, a saturation of 98.3% and a lightness of 23.7%. #017809 color hex could be obtained by blending #02f012 with #000000. Closest websafe color is: #006600.
● #017809 color description : Dark lime green.
The hexadecimal color #017809 has RGB values of R:1, G:120, B:9 and CMYK values of C:0.99, M:0, Y:0.93, K:0.53. Its decimal value is 96265.
Below, you can see some colors close to #017809. Having a set of related colors can be useful if you need an inspirational alternative to your original color choice.
This text has a font color of #017809.
This paragraph has a background color of #017809.
This element has a border color of #017809.
A shade is achieved by adding black to any pure hue, while a tint is created by mixing white to any pure color. In this example, #000300 is the darkest color, while #effff0 is the lightest one.
A tone is produced by adding gray to any pure hue. In this case, #394039 is the less saturated color, while #017809 is the most saturated one.
Below, you can see how #017809 is perceived by people affected by a color vision deficiency. This can be useful if you need to ensure your color combinations are accessible to color-blind users.


text:
Home Crime Watch Political parties in Kashmir condemn twin blasts in Jammu
Political parties in Kashmir condemn twin blasts in Jammu
SRINAGAR: Political parties in Kashmir, including the National Conference, on Saturday condemned the twin bomb blasts in Jammu which left nine people injured.
The back-to-back explosions rocked a busy locality on the outskirts of Jammu city on Saturday, with police suspecting that IEDs were used to carry out the blasts.
The National Conference (NC), while condemning the blasts, called for a proper investigation into the incidents.
"I condemn this act unequivocally and hope that it is properly investigated. I express my sympathies with the families of those injured and pray for their speedy and complete recovery," NC president Farooq Abdullah said.
The party's vice president Omar Abdullah also condemned the blasts and prayed for the speedy recovery of the injured.
People's Conference tweeted, "We condemn the blasts in the Narwal area of Jammu this morning in the strongest and most unequivocal of terms."
"Our prayers for the early recovery of the injured," the party said.
Democratic Azad Party (DAP) chief Ghulam Nabi Azad strongly condemn the blasts and tweeted that the Jammu and Kashmir administration must provide all required medical facilities to the injured and support to their families.
The Apni Party said the government should identify the culprits and they should be punished.
"The twin blasts that took place in Narwal, Jammu, causing injuries to six people is condemnable. The government should identify the culprits and they should be punished," said Apni party leader on Twitter. (PTI)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Federal Ministry for the Interior, Construction and Homeland, together with the Conference of the Construction Ministers of the German Federal States, the Association of German Cities (Städtetag) and the Association of German Cities and Communities (Deutscher Städte- und Gemeindebund) will host the 13th Federal Congress for National Urban Development Policy in Stuttgart from 18 to 20 September 2019. Like in the years before, current strategies and approaches to urban development policy will be discussed, promoting ideas for a shared, sustainable and integrated development of urban and rural spaces on national and European levels. Various excursions, social events and a project fair will complement the conference programme. The detailed conference programme and instructions for registration will be made available soon.


text:
Арно́льд Евге́ньевич Кулинко́вич (р. 8 мая 1932, Москва) — советский и украинский геолог, геофизик. Доктор технических наук (1970), профессор (1982). Главный научный сотрудник Украинского государственного геологоразведочного института (УкрГГРИ)

Биография
Арнольд Кулинкович родился 8 мая 1932 года в Москве.

В 1955 году окончил геофизический факультет Московского геологоразведочного института (МГРИ).

В 1955—1963 годах работал во Всесоюзном научно-исследовательском институте геофизических методов разведки полезных ископаемых (ВНИИГеофизика) старшим инженером, младшим научным сотрудником, старшим научным сотрудником.

В 1958 году защитил диссертацию на соискание учёной степени кандидата технических наук.

В мае 1963 года переехал в Киев и начал работать в Украинском государственном геологоразведочном институте (УкрГГРИ), в котором последовательно занимал должности заведующего лабораторией, заведующего отдела, главного научного сотрудника. В 1974—1978 году работал заведующим отделом операционных систем Институт кибернетики АН УССР, затем снова вернулся в УкрГГРИ, в котором работает до настоящего времени.

В 1970 году защитил диссертацию на соискание учёной степени доктора технических наук. В 1982 году Кулинковичу было присвоено звание профессора.

При активном содействии Кулинковича защищено более 50 кандидатских и более 30 докторских диссертаций.

В 1996 году было удовлетворено ходатайство Кулинковича о приёме в гражданство Российской Федерации.

Семья
Женат, три дочери.

Научная деятельность
Область научных интересов: промысловая геофизика, геология, геоинформатика, циклистика, философия.

Специалист в области геофизических методов исследования скважин. Известен также своими работами в области концептуальных проблем геологии и геофизики.

Автор более 350 научных работ на русском, английском и украинском языках — монографий, научных и научно-популярных статей, тезисов докладов, авторских свидетельств и т. д. по проблемам геофизики и геологии, в частности, по проблемам компьютерной обработки и интерпретации геолого-геофизических данных, а также по проблемам кибернетики, математики, математической логики, физики, астрофизики, философии, социологии, литературному источниковедению и других дисциплин.

В 1975 году впервые предложил термин геоинформатика.

Основоположник трёх украинских научных школ: промысловой геофизики, геоинформатики и циклистики.

Исследования творчества Велимира Хлебникова
По собственным словам, с юного возраста интересовался творчеством Велимира Хлебникова, которого считал «основателем нового, не-Гегелевского этапа в истории философии». Развил идею Хлебникова об «Уравнении Рока», предложив модификацию этого уравнения — «Уравнение Хлебникова-Кулинковича» (The Khlebhikov-Kulinkovich equation; термин впервые введён в научный оборот другим исследователем в журнале Nuclear Geophysics).

Участие в профессиональных и общественных организациях
 Председатель Киевского отделения Евроазиатского геофизического общества (ЕАГО)

Награды
 Почетный диплом Евроазиатского геофизического общества (ЕАГО) за вклад в развитие геофизической науки
 Медаль Н. Д. Кондратьева за вклад в развитие общественных наук
 Диплом о включении в Золотой фонд циклической науки России и стран СНГ

Почётные звания
 Почетный разведчик недр Украины
 Заслуженный деятель науки и техники Украины
 Академик Украинской нефтегазовой академии
 Академик Украинской академии оригинальных идей

Библиография

Книги

Статьи
 Кулинкович А. Е. Закон мировой гармонии и принцип актуализма в геологии. «Математические методы анализа цикличностей в геологии», вып. 7 . М.: РАЕН, 1996 с. 27 — 30.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Лев Моисеевич Альпин. Штрихи к портрету ученого и человека. Каротажник, вып. 23, Тверь: Изд-во 2. ГЕРС, 1996, с. 95 — 105.
 Кожевников Д. А., Кулинкович А. Е. Циклостратиграфическое изучение осадочных бассейнов по данным геофизических исследований скважин. В кн.: "XIV Губкинские чтения «Развитие идей И. М. Губкина в теории и практике нефтегазового дела» (г. Москва, Россия, Государственная акалемия нефти и газа им. И. М. Губкина, 15 — 17 октября 1996 г.). Тезисы докладов, с. 121—122.
 Кулинкович А. Е. «Мироздание витем» и ритмогенез. В кн.: «Проблемы ноосферы и экобудущего», вып. 1, М.: РАЕН, 1996, с. 124—128.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Геотаймерная программа «большого скачка» в геохронологии и геостратиграфии. В кн.: «Проблемы ноосферы и экобудущего», вып. 1, М.: РАЕН, 1996, с. 134—138.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Цикличность биокатастроф и фундаментальный закон развития биосферы. «Леонардо да Винчи XX-го века». К столетию А. Л. Чижевского. Тезисы Юбилейной сессии РАЕН. М.: РАЕН, 1997, с. 57 −58.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Проблема выживания человечества и исследование Александром Чижевским реакций на сыворотке крови. «Леонардо да Винчи XX-го века». К столетию А. Л. Чижевского. Тезисы Юбилейной сессии РАЕН. М.: РАЕН, 1997, с. 59 — 60.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Геотаймерная программа «большого скачка» в геохронологии и стратиграфии. «Леонардо да Винчи XX-го века». К столетию А. Л. Чижевского. Тезисы Юбилейной сессии РАЕН. М.: РАЕН, 1997, с. 110—111.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Роль философской лирики Александра Чижевского и других поэтов «русского космизма» в формировании нового понимания мироздания. «Леонардо да Винчи XX-го века». К столетию А. Л. Чижевского. Тезисы Юбилейной сессии РАЕН. М.: РАЕН, 1997, с. 138—139.
 Кожевников Д. А., Кулинкович А. Е. Циклометрическая интерпретация данных геофизических исследований скважин и «геологический интеллект». Международная конференция и выставка ЕАГО-GAGE-SEG Москва'97 (15 — 18 сентября 1997). Сборник тезисов. М.: Совирцентр, 1997.
 Kozhevnikov D. A., Kulinkovich A. E. Cyclometric Interpretation of Well Logging Data and «Geological Intelligence». Intrnational Geoscience Conference and Exibition ЕАГО -GAGE-SEG Москва '97. Technical Abstracts. Moscow , Sovincentre, 1997.
 Кулинкович А. Е. «Духовная республика» Комарова-Альпина как уникальный исторический феномен. Статья 1. «Вторая семья» и нравственный корень общества. Каротажник, вып. 40, Тверь: Изд-во ГЕРС, 1997, с. 100—118.
 Кулинкович А. Е. «Духовная республика» Комарова-Альпина как уникальный исторический феномен. Статья 2. Навстречу всемирной «духовной республике» каротажников. Каротажник, вып. 41, Тверь: Изд-во ГЕРС, 1997, с. 100—120.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Мой учитель — профессор Л. М. Альпин. В кн.: «Л. М. Альпин. Воспоминания учеников, коллег, друзей» М.: Мин. топ. и энерг. РФ, МГГА, ЕАГО, 1998. с. 57 — 66.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Новая глобальная социологическая парадигма. В кн.: " Социокультурная динамика в период становления постиндустриального общества: закономерности, противоречия, приоритеты. М.:1998, с.136 — 140.
 Кулинкович А. Е. «Новая социология» как теоретическая основа гармонии и сотрудничества локальных цивилизаций в третьем тысячелетии. В кн.: «Локальные цивилизации в XXI веке: столкновение или партнерство?» М., 1998, с. 102—107.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Предельные зонды каротажа сопротивлений и боковой комбинационный каротаж. Геофизика, No 2, 1998, с. 12 — 19.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Кожевников Д. А. Циклографический анализ осадочных бассейнов по данным геофизических исследований скважин. Геофизика, No 3, 1998, с. 39 — 51.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Красножон М. Д., Кн і шман О. Ш. Комп'ютризована технологія імпульсного нейтрон-нейтронного каротажу. В кн.:"Нафта і газ Укра ї ни. Збірник наукових праць. Матеріали 5-ой Міжнародно ї конференц ії «Нафта і газ Укра ї ни-98». Полтава, 15 — 17 вересня 1998 р. Том 1. Стор. 385—386.
 Кулинкович А. Е. «Длинные волны гелиотараксии» — главные историографические циклы. В кн.: Циклы природы и общества. Материалы VI Международной конференции «Циклы природы и общества» (г. Ставрополь, 13 — 18 октября 1998 г.). Часть первая. Ставрополь, 1998, с. 11 — 15.
 Кулінкович А. Є. Геотаймерний анал і з геофізичних даних на прикладі палеозойских відкладів ДДЗ. В кн.: "Геолого-геофізичні дослідження нафтогазових надр України. Том 2, Львів: УкрДГРI, 1997—1998, с. 67 — 78.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Геотаймерный анализ геофизических данных (на примере палеозойских отложений ДДВ, В кн.: "Геолого-геофізичн і досл і дження нафтогазових надр України. Том 2, Льв і в: УкрДГРI, 1997—1998, с. 152.
 Kulinkovich A. Y. Geotimer analysis of geophysical data. В кн.: "Геолого-геофізичн і досл і дження нафтогазових надр Укра ї ни. Том 2, Льв і в: УкрДГРI, 1997—1998, с. 153.

 Кулинкович А. Е. Прогноз истории человечества в третьем тысячелетии н. э.: Доклад лауреата медали Н. Д. Кондратьева. В кн.: Тенденции и перспективы социокультурной динамики. М., 1999, с. 41 — 77.
 Кулинкович А. Е. " П. А. Сорокин и Н. Д. Кондратьев. Новые парадигмы социокультурной и экономической динамики: «гелиотараксийный» базис длинных волн Н. Д. Кондратьева " . В кн.: Питирим Сорокин и социокультурные тенденции нашего времени. М.-СПб, 1999, с. 16 — 24.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Циклистика «великих потопов» (типа Ноева) и проблема ретроспективного и перспективного прогноза их наступления. Материалы первой международнойя конференции «Циклы» (г. Ставрополь, 25 — 30 октября 1999 г.).
 Кулинкович А. Е. Совершающаяся интеллектуальная революция как необходимое условие возрождения Евро-Азиатской (Православной) цивилизации. В кн.: Перспективы развития российской экономики и ее место в глобальном экономическом пространстве. М.: Международн. фонд Кондратьева, 2000, с. 20 — 26.
 Кулінкович А. Є. Відзеркалення трансгресивно-регресивних змін на кривих темпорального зондування IННК. Нафта i газ України. Зб. наук. праць. Матеріали 6-ої Міжнарлдної науково-практичної конференнції «Нафта i газ України — 2000». Iвано-Франківськ, 31 жовтня — 3 лістопада. Том 1. Iвано-Франківськ, 2000, с. 276.
 Кулінкович А. Є., Алексашенко О. А. Використання значень коефіцiєнта дифузії, отриманих як результат кількісної iнтерпретації даних IННК для визначення характеру насичення пластів. Нафта i газ України. Зб. наук. праць. Матеріали 6-ої Міжнарлдної науково-практичної конференнції «Нафта і газ України — 2000». Iвано-Франківськ, 31 жовтня — 3 лістопада. Том 1. Iвано-Франківськ, 2000, с. 272—273.
 Кулінкович А. Є. Геотаймерний аналіз кривих IННК. Нафта i газ України. Зб. наук. праць. Матеріали 6-ої Міжнарлдної науково-практичної конференнції «Нафта i газ України — 2000». Iвано-Франківськ, 31 жовтня — 3 лістопада. Том 1. Iвано-Франківськ, 2000, с. 353—254.
 Кулінкович А. Є., Алексашенко О. А. Iндікація продуктивностi пластів-колекторів за кривої темпорального зондування IННК, яка фіксує «зону облямування». Нафта i газ України. Зб. наук. праць. Матеріали 6-ої Міжнарлдної науково-практичної конференнції «Нафта iгаз України — 2000». Iвано-Франківськ, 31 жовтня — 3 лістопада. Том 1. Iвано-Франківськ, 2000, с. 349—350.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Алексашенко О. А. Дедуктивная геология как новая парадигма исследования нефтегазоносных бассейнов.// Теоретичнi та прикладнi проблеми нафтогаэової геології. Том 2. Київ: IГН НАНУ, 2000, с. 262—266.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Хроностратиграфия Днепровско-Донецкой впадины.// Теоретичнi та прикладнi проблеми нафтогазової геології. Том 2. Київ: IГН НАНУ, 2000, с. 267—276.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Килимник К. А. Палеопсихология и историческая (циклическая) психология. // Циклы. Материалы 2-ой международн. конференции. Том 1. Ставрополь, 2000, с. 193—196.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Проблема происхождения нефти и газа с позиций нейтринной геологии. // Международная научно-практическая конференция «Генезис нефти и газа и формирование их месторождений в Украине как научная основа прогноза и поисков новых скоплений». Тезисы докладов. Чернигов: ЧО УкрГГРИ, 2001, с. 24 — 26.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Цикличность нефтегазонакопления как аргумент в пользу неорганической (органо-неорганической) гипотезы генезиса промышленных скоплений углеводородов. / Международная научно-практическая конференция «Генезис нефти и газа и формирование их месторождений в Украине как научная основа прогноза и поисков новых скоплений». Тезисы докладов. Чернигов: ЧО УкрГГРИ, 2001, с. 50 — 51.
 Красножон М. Д., Кулінкович А. Є. Промислово-геофізична геоінформатика. Технологичний аспект. В кн.: «Теоретичнi та прикладнi проблеми нафтогазової геофізики». К.: УкрДГРI, 2001. с. 20 — 27.
 Кулінкович А. Є., Красножон М. Д., Алексашенко О. А., Кніщман О. Ш. Технологія темпорального зондування в методi iмпульсного каротажу. В кн.: «Теоретичнi та прикладнi проблеми нафтогазової геофізики». К.: УкрДГРI, 2001. с. 121—129.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Полищук Е. А., Михалевский А. А. Система графического диалога при обработке данных ИННК. В кн.: «Теоретичнi та прикладнi проблеми нафтогазової геофізики». К.: УкрДГРI, 2001. с. 174—180.\
 Кулинкович А. Е. Биоконституционная социология и моделирование социогенетической и экономической динамики П. Сорокина и Н. Кондратьева. В кн.: « Соціокультурна і економічна динаміка: закономірності, проблеми, перспективи». Київ: Інститут економіки НАНУ, 2001. с. 17 — 24.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Из жизни геофизической общественности Украины. Геофизический вестник, № 2, 2001, с, 35 — 36.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Запад — Центр — Восток: Разработка Евразийской и общепланетарной стратегической мировоззренческой концепции. В кн: "Будущее России, СНГ и евразийской цивилизации: научно-технологический аспект. Материалы к XV Междисциплинарной дискуссии. М.: Изд-во РАГС, 2001, с. 278—286.
 Кулинкович А. Е. У истоков украинской геоинформатики. Геофиз. журнал, т. 23, № 4, 2001, с. 127—131.
 Соколов Ю. Н., Афанасьев С. Л., Кулинкович А. Е. Хаин В. Е. и др. Циклы как основа мироздания. Ставрополь: СКГТУ, 2001. 554 с.
 Кулинкович А. Е. «Глава 20. Фундаментальный закон геологии — закон многоуровневой системной цикличности геологической истории». Опубл. в моногр. [10], с. 413—432 , 550—554 .
 Кулинкович А. Е. Каротаж словно был продолжением его самого. В кн.: «С. Г. Комаров, Воспоминания учеников, коллег, друзей». М.: ЕАГО, 2001, с. 101—111.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Золотое сечение как циклический инвариант. Циклы. Материалы 3-ой международн. конференции. Часть 1. Ставрополь, 2001, с. 41 — 46.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А. Проблемы геоинформатики. Часть 1. Киев: ЦММ, 2002. 78 с.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Проблема тотального геофизического мониторинга в связи с необходимостью прогноза наступления крупных наводнений. Сборник научных трудов НГАУ, № 13, том 4,. Днепропетровск, 2002. с. 75 — 78.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Крупномасштабная протосоциокультурная и социокультурная динамика в истории рода Homo за последние 100 тысяч лет (новая концепция эволюции сознания). В кн.: «Научное наследие Н. Д. Кондратьева в контексте развития российской и мировой социально-зкономической мысли». М.: МФК, 2002, с. 118—125.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Опыт реконструкции древнеславянского «пра-Кондратьевского» прогностического календаря и текущего среднесрочного прогноза на его основе: особая значимость для стран СНГ создания технологии «шестого уклада» (по Ю. В. Яковцу). В кн.: «Научное наследие Н. Д. Кондратьева в контексте развития российской и мировой социально-экономической мысли». М.: МФК, 2002, с. 337—346.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття I. «Геоінформатика», 2002, № 1, с. 7 — 19.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття II . «Геоінформатика», 2002, № 2, с. 5 — 19.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття III . «Геоінформатика», 2002, № 3, с. 5 — 14.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття IV . «Геоінформатика», 2002, № 4, с. 5 — 16.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Бредфордовские классы месторождений углеводородов и главное правило нефтегазовой геологоразведки. Материалы 7-ой Международной научно-практической конференции «Нефть и газ Украины — 2002». Киев: УНГА, 2002 , с. 160—162.
 Кулинкович А. Е. «Проблема Ивана Франко» в исторической геологии и количественная модель истории фанерозоя. Материалы 7-ой Международной научно-практической конференции «Нефть и газ Украины — 2002». Киев: УНГА, 2002, с. 162—163.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Программа супергеохронологии и ее значение для нефтегазовой геологии. Материалы 7-ой Международной научно-практической конференции «Нефть и газ Украины — 2002». Киев: УНГА, 2002, с. 164—166.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Замкнутая силлогистика на множестве гексаграмм древнекитайской «Книги перемен». В кн.: "Циклы. Материалы 4-ой международной конференции. Ч. 1. Ставрополь, 2002, с. 155—159.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А. Проблемы геоинформатики. Часть 2. Киев: ЦММ, 2003. 137 с.
 А. И. Субетто, А. Е. Кулинкович и др. «Вернадскианская революция в системе научного мировоззрения — поиск ноосферной модели будущего человечества в XXI веке» (коллективная монография). СПб: Астерион, 2003. 592 с. 2а. Кулинкович А.Е Системогенетика и фундаментальная революция в философии. В кн.: «Вернадскианская революция в системе научного мировоззрения — поиск ноосферной модели будущего человечества в XXI веке». СПб: Астерион, 2003, с. 129—151.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Нефтегазовая геология, геофизика вообще и ядерная геофизика: кризис или затишье перед новым могучим рывком? Сбірник наукових праць УкрДГРІ, № 1/2003, с. 5 — 22.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття V. «Геоінформатика», 2003, № 1, с. 5 — 1 4 .
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття VI . «Геоінформатика», 2003, № 2, с. 5 — 1 7 .
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття V II . «Геоінформатика», 2003, № 3, с. 5 — 23.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття VIII . «Геоінформатика», 2003, № 4, с. 5 — 1 7 .
 Кулинкович А.Е Системогенетика и фундаментальная революция в философии. В кн.: «Вопросы системогенетики. Теоретико-методологический альманах. Кострома: Изд-во Костромского госуниверситета им. Н. А. Некрасова, 2003. 272 с.», с. 78 — 103.
 Кулинкович А. Е. В. И. Вернадский и современные актуальные биогеохимические проблемы биосферологии и ноосферологии. В кн.: «Вопросы системогенетики. Теоретико-методологический альманах. Кострома: Изд-во Костромского госуниверситета им. Н. А. Некрасова, 2003. 272 с.», с. 245—270.
 Кулинкович А.Е Великая древнеславянская философская формула Мироздания (Права — Ява — Нава), ее современная физико-математическая интерпретация и эвристическое значение. В кн.: Міфологічний простір і час у сучасній культурі. Матеріали міжнародної наукової конференції. Ч. 1. Київ, 2003, с. 42 — 43. 2004
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А. Проблемы геоинформатики. Часть 3. Киев: ЦММ, 2004. 90 с.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття IX. «Геоінформатика», 2004, № 1, с. 5 — 20.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття X. «Геоінформатика», 2004, № 2, с. 5 — 18.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття X I . «Геоінформатика», 2004, № 3, с. 11 — 2 1.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. Геоінформатика: історія становлення, предмет, метод, задачі (сучасна точка зору). Стаття X I І. «Геоінформатика», 2004, № 4, с. 5 — 2 2.
 Кулінкович А. Є ., Якимчук М. А. 32-й Міжнародний геологіч н ий конгрес. Геоінформатика", 2004, № 4, с. 91 — 95.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А. Геоинформатика и история геологических знаний. // Теоретичні та прикладні аспекти геоінформатики. Том 1. Київ, 2004, с. 4 — 12.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А. Геоинформатика и геохарактерология . // Теоретичні та прикладні аспекти геоінформатики. Том 1. Київ, 2004, с. 13 — 19.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Кулинкович В. Е. Гармония Вселенной. Материалы 6-ой международной конференции «Циклы». Ставрополь: СевКавТГУ, 2004. с. 6 — 17.
 Kulinkovich Arnold, Yakymchuk Nikolay. Natural geochronological classification and geodynamic methods of determination of the absolute age of sediments. 32 nd International Geological Congress. Presentation 111-22. Florence, Italy. August 20 — 28, 2004.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Философский фундамент геологии осадочных бассейнов третього тысячелетия н. э. // Нафта і газ України. Матеріали 8-ої Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Нафта і газ України — 2004». Судак, 29 вересня — 1 жовтня 2004 р. Київ: УНГА, 2004, с. 327—328.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Постулаты абсолютной общепланетарной шкалы. // Нафта і газ України. Матеріали 8-ої Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Нафта і газ України — 2004». Судак, 29 вересня — 1 жовтня 2004 р. Київ: УНГА, 2004, с. 325—327.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Довженко Е. Л. Геотаймерный аналіз каротажних диаграмм как эффективное средство региональной, межрегиональной и общепланетарной корреляции разрезов осадочных бассейнов. // Нафта і газ України. Матеріали 8-ої Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Нафта і газ України — 2004». Судак, 29 вересня — 1 жовтня 2004 р. Київ: УНГА, 2004, с. 324—325.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А. Философский фундамент современной геологии и естественная общепланетарная геохронологическая шкала. Препринт. Киев: «Карбон Лтд», 2004. 33 с.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А. Естественная геохронологическая классификация и геодинамические методы определения абсолютного возраста отложений (перевод на русский язык аннотации презентации 111-22, опубликованной на английском языке в Материалах 32-го Международного геологического конгресса). В кн.: [14], с. 3 — 4.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А. Естественная геохронологическая классификация и геодинамические методы определения абсолютного возраста отложений. Русскоязычная версия стендовых материалов, представленных на 32-ом Международном геологическом конгрессе (Флоренция, Италия, 2004 г.). В кн.: [14], с. 4 — 22.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Философский фундамент геологи и осадочных бассейнов третього тысячелетия н. э. В кн.: [14], с. 22 — 24.
 Кулинкович А. Е. Постулаты абсолютной общепланетарной шкалы. В кн.: [14], с. 24 — 26.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Довженко Е. Л. Геотаймерный аналіз каротажних диаграмм как эффективное средство региональной, межрегиональной и общепланетарной корреляции разрезов осадочных бассейнов. В кн.: [14], с. 27 — 29.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А., Татаринова Е. А. Теоретическая геохронологическая шкала докембрия и эмпирические обобщения истории Украинского щита. Аннотация доклада, прочитанного на Международном научном симпозиуме «Геохронология и стратиграфия раннего докембрия», посвященный 80-летию акад. Н. П. Щербака (г. Киев, сентябрь, 2004 г.). В кн.: [14], с. 29 — 31.
 Кулинкович А. Е., Якимчук Н. А., Татаринова Е. А. От геохронологической шкалы докембрия к его геохронологическому календарю. Препринт. Киев: «Карбон Лтд», 2004. 26 с.
 Кулинкович Арнольд. Трагічний кристал. Демократична Україна, 28. 12. 2004, № 176 (23068), с. 6.

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Геологи СССР
Геологи Украины
Геофизики СССР
Геофизики Украины
Исследователи русского авангарда
Хлебниковеды
Выпускники МГРИ-РГГРУ

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
D. M. Luthers Und anderer vornehmen geistreichen und gelehrten Männer Geistliche Lieder und Psalmen är en koralbok från 1653 tryckt i Berlin. Johann Crüger uppges som sannolik tonsättare till en melodi där som används enligt 1921 års koralbok med 1819 års psalmer till psalmerna nr 128 och 592.

Psalmer
O min Jesus, dit du gått (1819 nr 128, 1986 nr 577) "Melodins huvudtext"
Sörj för mig, min Fader kär (1921 nr 592, 1986 nr 554) senare bytt melodi enligt 1986 års psalmbok

Tyska koralböcker
Kristendom i Berlin
Berlins historia
Verk 1653


text:
Accounting for the distributional impacts of policy in the green accounts
Richard D. Horan, James Hrubovcak, James S. Shortle, Erwin H. Bulte
Agricultural Economics, Sociology and Education
Green income accounting models are designed to appropriately value changes in a country's natural resource (natural capital) base. However, green NNP is useful as a guide for domestic and international policy only to the extent that it accurately reflects the economic goals and policy options of policy makers. For example, international policy designed to slow natural capital depletion in a developing country is more effective if policy makers recognize the developing country's perceived income effects of the policy. Traditional green accounting models do not satisfy this criterion because they are based on the assumption that policy makers are either not concerned with the distributional consequences of policies, and/or are not limited in the instruments available to them. We present an alternative green NNP measure that reflects distributional goals and policy implementation. Using this measure, the depletion (accumulation) of natural capital stocks in excess of economically efficient rates may increase income.
Environment and Development Economics
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X00000073
10.1017/S1355770X00000073
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Accounting for the distributional impacts of policy in the green accounts'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Distributional Impacts Business & Economics
Green NNP Business & Economics
Natural Capital Business & Economics
International Policy Business & Economics
accounting Earth & Environmental Sciences
Depletion Business & Economics
Policymaker Business & Economics
Horan, R. D., Hrubovcak, J., Shortle, J. S., & Bulte, E. H. (2000). Accounting for the distributional impacts of policy in the green accounts. Environment and Development Economics, 5(1-2), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X00000073
Horan, Richard D. ; Hrubovcak, James ; Shortle, James S. ; Bulte, Erwin H. / Accounting for the distributional impacts of policy in the green accounts. In: Environment and Development Economics. 2000 ; Vol. 5, No. 1-2. pp. 95-108.
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title = "Accounting for the distributional impacts of policy in the green accounts",
abstract = "Green income accounting models are designed to appropriately value changes in a country's natural resource (natural capital) base. However, green NNP is useful as a guide for domestic and international policy only to the extent that it accurately reflects the economic goals and policy options of policy makers. For example, international policy designed to slow natural capital depletion in a developing country is more effective if policy makers recognize the developing country's perceived income effects of the policy. Traditional green accounting models do not satisfy this criterion because they are based on the assumption that policy makers are either not concerned with the distributional consequences of policies, and/or are not limited in the instruments available to them. We present an alternative green NNP measure that reflects distributional goals and policy implementation. Using this measure, the depletion (accumulation) of natural capital stocks in excess of economically efficient rates may increase income.",
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Horan, RD, Hrubovcak, J, Shortle, JS & Bulte, EH 2000, 'Accounting for the distributional impacts of policy in the green accounts', Environment and Development Economics, vol. 5, no. 1-2, pp. 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X00000073
Accounting for the distributional impacts of policy in the green accounts. / Horan, Richard D.; Hrubovcak, James; Shortle, James S.; Bulte, Erwin H.
In: Environment and Development Economics, Vol. 5, No. 1-2, 2000, p. 95-108.
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AB - Green income accounting models are designed to appropriately value changes in a country's natural resource (natural capital) base. However, green NNP is useful as a guide for domestic and international policy only to the extent that it accurately reflects the economic goals and policy options of policy makers. For example, international policy designed to slow natural capital depletion in a developing country is more effective if policy makers recognize the developing country's perceived income effects of the policy. Traditional green accounting models do not satisfy this criterion because they are based on the assumption that policy makers are either not concerned with the distributional consequences of policies, and/or are not limited in the instruments available to them. We present an alternative green NNP measure that reflects distributional goals and policy implementation. Using this measure, the depletion (accumulation) of natural capital stocks in excess of economically efficient rates may increase income.
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Horan RD, Hrubovcak J, Shortle JS, Bulte EH. Accounting for the distributional impacts of policy in the green accounts. Environment and Development Economics. 2000;5(1-2):95-108. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X00000073


text:
Q: Lin Alg: Show that the Google Matrix is stochastic and regular Intro:
$M$ is the google matrix and is given by $ M = (1-m)A + mS $
$S$ is a $n\times n$ matrix where all the coefficients are $1/n$, and $m \in \mathbb R: 0 < m < 1$.
Also I know that $A$ is a link matrix so all the entries in $A$ must be between $ 0$ and $1$.
$A$ represents the link matrix to a disjointed web and $S$ represents a jointed web.
Attempt on solution:
$A =  \begin{bmatrix}a_{11}  & \dots & a_{1j} \\ \vdots & \dots & \vdots  \\ a_{j1} & \dots & a_{ij}\end{bmatrix} $
$(1-m)A = \begin{bmatrix}(1-m)a_{11}  & \dots & (1-m)a_{1j} \\ \vdots & \dots & \vdots  \\  (1-m)a_{j1} & \dots & (1-m)a_{ij}\end{bmatrix}$
$ S =     \frac{1}{n} \begin{bmatrix}1  & \dots & 1 \\ \vdots & \dots & \vdots  \\ 1 & \dots & 1\end{bmatrix} $
$mS = \begin{bmatrix}m/n  & \dots & m/n \\ \vdots & \dots & \vdots  \\ m/n & \dots & m/n \end{bmatrix} $
$ M = \begin{bmatrix}(1-m)a_{11} + m/n  & \dots & (1-m)a_{1j} + m/n \\ \vdots & \dots & \vdots  \\  (1-m)a_{j1} + m/n & \dots & (1-m)a_{ij} + m/n \end{bmatrix} $
I now that the sum of each column is $1$ so $\sum_j ((1-m)a_{ij} + m/n) = 1  \Rightarrow$ $M$ is stochastic
$M$ is regular if it exists any $ M^{P} $ where all the entries are positive. This is true because whatever values we insert for $m$ and $n$, $M$ will be positive
Also know that the sum of each column in S is 1.Therefore S is also stochastic.
But is every combination of S and M also stochastic?
Conclusion:
But I need help some further help with showing that the matrix is stochastic.
Thank you :D

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
un actor japonez cunoscut mai ales pentru apariția în numeroase filme din seria Godzilla.

Biografie
Takarada s-a născut în Coreea aflată sub ocupație japoneză și a trăit un timp la Harbin, China. Tatăl său a lucrat ca inginer la Căile Ferate din Manciuria de Sud. După război, a rămas la Harbin și a ajuns să vorbească fluent chineza mandarină și engleza.

S-a mutat în Japonia împreună cu familia sa în 1948. A fost angajat în aprilie 1953 de studiourile cinematografice Toho în cadrul programului "Fețe noi". Debutul său în film a fost un rol minor în And Then the Liberty Bell Rang, un film biografic despre reformatorul educațional Fukuzawa Yukichi. A devenit cunoscut pentru rolul scafandrului Hideto Ogata din filmul științifico-fantastic Godzilla (1954) al lui Ishirō Honda, pe care l-a reluat în continuarea  (1956). A devenit un actor popular al companiei Toho pentru aspectul său plăcut și pentru caracterul carismatic, sofisticat. A reapărut în diferite roluri în alte filme din seria Godzilla: Mothra vs. Godzilla (1964), Invasion of Astro-Monster (1965) și Godzilla vs. the Sea Monster (1966)și Godzilla, Ebirah și Mothra: Duel în mările sudului (1966), precum și în filme științifico-fantastice și Kaiju eiga (filme cu monștri gigantici) ale companiei Toho, precum Half Human (1955), The Last War (1961), Frankenstein vs. Baragon, Invasion Planète X (1965), King Kong evadează (1967) și Latitude Zero (1969). Actor foarte popular în Japonia, el a jucat în mai multe filme japonezo-americane precum  (1969).

Toho a pregătit, împreună cu libretistul și compozitorul de pe Broadway Harold Rome, o producție muzicală intitulată Scarlett, după Pe aripile vântului pentru noul său teatru Teigeki. Spectacolul urma să aibă premiera în 1970, iar Takarada era programat inițial să joace rolul lui Rhett Butler. Cu toate acestea, rănile suferite în urma căderii dintr-un buldozer, în timpul unor filmări, l-au împiedicat să participe la acest spectacol.

Cariera lui Takarada a intrat în impas în anii 1970, iar actorul s-a orientat către televiziune. El a revenit în seria Godzilla și a interpretat roluri în filmele Godzilla vs. Mothra (1992) și Godzilla: Final Wars (2004).

Takarada a apărut ca invitat la convenția fanilor G-Fest XVII în 2010 și încă o dată la G-Fest XIX în iulie 2012. La 27 martie 2013 Takarada a apărut, împreună cu regizorul Gareth Edwards, în fotografiile publicitare de pe platoul de filmare al remake-ului Godzilla realizat de Legendary/Warner Bros, sugerând că va apărea ca invitat în noul film. Scenele în care apărea el au fost tăiate în cele din urmă din film. Numele său continuă să apară în distribuția filmului.

Filmografie

 1954: Godzilla (Gojira), regizat de Ishirō Honda
 1955:  (), regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1955:  (), regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1955:  (), regizat de Hisanobu Marubayashi
 1955: , regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1955:  (), regizat de Ishirō Honda
 1955:  (), regizat de Nobuo Aoyagi
 1955: L'Abominable homme des neiges, regizat de Kenneth G. Crane și Ishirō Honda
 1956:  (), regizat de Ishirō Honda și Terry O. Morse
 1956: , regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1956:  (), regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1956: , regizat de Senkichi Taniguchi
 1957: , regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1957: , regizat de Shuei Matsubayashi
 1957:  (), regizat de Seiji Maruyama
 1957: , de Masanori Kakei
 1957:  (), regizat de Ishirô Honda
 1957: , regizat de Nobuo Aoyagi
 1957: , regizat de Masanori Kakei
 1958:  (), regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1958: , regizat de Kajirō Yamamoto
 1958:  (), regizat de Yasuki Chiba
 1958:  (), regizat de Hideo Suzuki
 1958: , regizat de Masanori Kakei
 1958:  (), regizat de Shuei Matsubayashi
 1959:  (), regizat de Kihachi Okamoto
 1959:  (), regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1959: , regizat de Mikio Naruse
 1959: Samurai Saga (), regizat de Hiroshi Inagaki
 1959: , regizat de Nobuo Aoyagi
 1959: One Day I… (), regizat de Kihachi Okamoto
 1959:  (), regizat de Hiroshi Inagaki
 1960:  (), regizat de Shuei Matsubayashi et Hugo Grimaldi
 1960:  de Mikio Naruse
 1960:  (), regizat de Umetsugu Inoue
 1960:  (), regizat de Yuzo Kawashima
 1960:  de Mikio Naruse et Yūzō Kawashima
 1960:  (), regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1961:  (), regizat de Yasuki Chiba
 1961:  (), regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1961:  (), regizat de Yasuki Chiba
 1961: La Dernière Guerre de l'Apocalypse (), regizat de Shuei Matsubayashi
 1961: Dernier caprice (), regizat de Yasujiro Ozu
 1961:  (), regizat de Yasuki Chiba
 1962: , regizat de Kozo Saeki
 1962: A Woman's Place (), regizat de Mikio Naruse
 1962: , regizat de Hideo Suzuki
 1962: , regizat de Shuei Matsubayashi
 1962: , regizat de Hideo Suzuki
 1962:  (), regizat de Yasuki Chiba
 1962:  (), regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1962: , regizat de Mikio Naruse
 1962: 47 Ronin (), regizat de Hiroshi Inagaki
 1962: , regizat de Kihachi Okamoto
 1963:  (), regizat de Hideo Suzuki
 1963:  regizat de Mikio Naruse - Koichi Shimizu
 1963: Honolulu-Tokyo-Hong Kong, regizat de Yasuki Chiba
 1964: Mothra contre Godzilla (), regizat de Ishirō Honda
 1964: , regizat de Toshio Sugie
 1964:  (), regizat de Jun Fukuda
 1965: , regizat de Takashi Tsuboshima
 1965: Frankenstein vs. Baragon (), regizat de Ishirō Honda
 1965:  (), regizat de Jun Fukuda
 1965: Invasion Planète X (), regizat de Ishirō Honda
 1965: Degetul de fier (), regizat de Jun Fukuda
 1966:  (), regizat de Yasuki Chiba
 1966:  (), regizat de Seiji Maruyama
 1966: Godzilla, Ebirah et Mothra : Duel dans les mers du sud (), regizat de Jun Fukuda
 1967: Let's Go, Young Guy! (), regizat de Katsumi Iwauchi
 1967: King Kong evadează (), regizat de Ishirō Honda
 1968:  (), regizat de Ken Matsumori
 1968: , regizat de Yasuki Chiba
 1968:  (), regizat de Jun Fukuda
 1969: Atragon 2 (), regizat de Ishirō Honda
 1969: , regizat de Yasuki Chiba
 1992: Minbo (), regizat de Juzo Itami
 1992: Godzilla vs Mothra (), regizat de Takao Okawara
 1997: , regizat de Juzo Itami
 1998: , regizat de Nobuhiko Obayashi (film TV)
 2001: Prince Shotoku (), regizat de Mikio Sato (film TV)
 2003:  (), regizat de Chisui Takigawa
 2004:  (), regizat de Ryuhei Kitamura

Note

Bibliografie

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1934
Nașteri pe 29 aprilie
Decese în 2022
Decese pe 14 martie
Actori japonezi


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A place for the developmental disabilities community
to exchange ideas, information, and resources.
Want to ask a question or create a new post?
Lo sentimos. El Communication Access Interchange aún no se traduce al español.
What is Self-Determination?
Independent Facilitator
Independent Facilitator Directives
Financial Management Services (FMS)
Financial Management Services Directives
Services through the SDP
Finding the Right Providers
Individual Budget and Spending Plan
Budget Development and Tool
Self-Determination Pilot Project
Profiles in Self-Determination Book
Think Outside the Box: Information and Resources on California's New Self-Determination Program
SDP Connect
State Self-Determination Advisory Committee Meetings
Local Advisory Committee Meetings
Funding for Person-Centered Planning
Additional Phase-In Lotteries
Preguntas y temas en espanol
Integrated Settings Requirement
Independent Facilitators
Idea Sharing
Generic Resources
General Concerns and Questions
Developing a Spending Plan
Changing the Individual Budget
Background Checks for Providers
Self-determination is a life changer for the person and a game changer for the system. At its core is the revolutionary idea that people with disabilities are in charge of their own lives, not the professionals or systems that support them. We believe that self-determination will not only encourage individuals and families to "think outside the box" about the kinds of lives they could lead, but it will also stimulate discussion on how the traditional system can become more person- centered and provide more choice and control for the people they serve.
The Principles of Self-Determination
Freedom, which includes the ability of adults with developmental disabilities to exercise the same rights as all citizens; to establish, with freely chosen supporters, family and friends, where they want to live, with whom they want to live, how their time will be occupied, and who supports them; and, for families, to have the freedom to receive unbiased assistance of their own choosing when developing a plan and to select all personnel and supports to further the life goals of a minor child.
Authority, which includes the ability of a person with a disability, or family, to control a certain sum of dollars in order to purchase services and supports of their choosing.
Support, which includes the ability to arrange resources and personnel, both formal and informal, that will assist a person with a disability to live a life in his or her community that is rich in community participation and contributions.
Responsibility, which includes the ability of participants to take responsibility for decisions in their own lives and to be accountable for the use of public dollars, and to accept a valued role in their community through, for example, competitive employment, organizational affiliations, spiritual development, and general caring of others in their community.
Confirmation, which includes confirmation of the critical role of participants and their families in making decisions in their own lives and designing and operating the system that they rely on.
The Story of California's Self-Determination Law
In 2012, six ordinary people met and did an extraordinary thing. While at a restaurant across from the Burbank Airport, they sketched out a plan on the back of a napkin to pass a law for self-determination to ensure freedom, authority and choice to individuals with developmental disabilities. The six people included Judy Mark and Connie Lapin, parents and co-chairs of Government Relations of the Autism Society of Los Angeles; Michal Clark, parent and then executive director of a regional center that was part of the self- determination pilot project; Marnie Clark, self advocate; Harvey Lapin, parent and longtime disability activist; and Catherine Blakemore, Executive Director of Disability Rights California.
The six agreed that the developmental services system was broken and that change was needed. They were aware that the federal government, through its funding of community Medicaid services, was moving the states towards person-centered service models that allowed consumers more choice and control. Although California had a successful self-determination pilot program that began in 1998, attempts to pass legislation to expand this program had not yet been achieved.
The initial six formed "The Dream Team" but were soon joined by Allen Erenbaum, parent and attorney; April Lopez, parent and member of the State Council on Developmental Disabilities, Mark Polit, parent and SEIU staff, and Cathay Liu, parent and service broker in the pilot. There was clear agreement that the program would be voluntary and statewide, include diverse, underserved communities, and be open to all individuals with developmental disabilities served by regional centers. The team mobilized and went to work.
It was apparent that to succeed, a bipartisan effort was needed. In December 2012, Harvey Lapin
called Senator Bill Emmerson, a colleague in the dental profession, and asked him to have a conversation. Harvey and Connie met the Senator in his local district office in San Bernardino, where he readily agreed the plan was a significant bipartisan issue and offered to author the bill. Many wonderful legislators enthusiastically united over the effort and agreed to be co-authors, including Senator Jim Beall and Assemblymembers Bob Blumenfield, Wesley Chesbro and Holly Mitchell. The authors introduced Senate Bill 468.
Some groups thought that the bill had no chance of passage. But they underestimated the sheer will of the self-advocates and family members. No opposition challenged the bill as it moved through the Senate. SB 468 passed easily in the Senate Human Services Committee and unanimously on the Senate floor. As the bill moved into the California Assembly, however, those interested in keeping the status quo started to get active. No group ever officially came out in opposition to SB 468 — it would be politically incorrect to argue publicly against it — but some questioned the need for self- determination during a hearing in the Assembly Human Services Committee. Yet even those questions didn't damper the clear enthusiasm for the bill, and it passed without a single "no" vote.
The bill was then sent to the Appropriations Committee and put on "suspense," which means the cost of the program would have to be determined before moving forward. At that point, those wanting to maintain the status quo attempted some behind-the-scenes maneuvering and tried to make the case for a $6 million cost for the bill, which would have essentially killed it. But the authors and sponsors had compelling evidence – backed up by the Department of Developmental Services (DDS) – that the Self-Determination Program would actually bring in almost $3 million dollars a year in additional federal funds stemming from the match from the pilot participants. The bill passed unanimously out of the Appropriations Committee and on the Assembly floor.
It was then time to put pressure on Governor Brown to sign the bill. The Governor was known for vetoing bills with little explanation, so those same folks from the Burbank restaurant had one final hurdle. They reached out to thousands of self-advocates and family members to encourage them to let Governor Brown know the importance of self-determination to them. It was reported that the Governor's Office received more calls to sign Senate Bill 468 than any other health-related bill. Governor Jerry Brown signed this groundbreaking legislation into law on October 9, 2013. It was an incredible celebration for the disability community.
The credit for the passage of the Self-Determination Law must be shared with the hundreds of self-advocates and family members who made calls and wrote emails pushing for its passage, such as David Oster, a self-advocate who called the Governor multiple times every day. Great recognition must also be given to the tireless hours and commitment of Catherine Blakemore and Evelyn Abouhassan of DRC and the incredible guidance from DDS Director Terri Delgadillo. The disability community couldn't have asked for a better author than Senator Bill Emmerson, along with his amazing staff, Teresa Trujillo and Joe Parra, as well as other legislative staff who helped steer the bill, such as Mareva Brown, Peggy Collins, Lyn Shaw, and Sydney Kamlager. Also in
the legislature, the bill had essential support to push it over some significant hurdles from Assemblymember Mike Gatto, Dario Frommer, Bob Hertzberg, and Andrew Govenar.
"The Dream Team" has remained passionately involved in the implementation of the law as members of the DDS Self-Determination Workgroup. The group began meeting in December 2013. It has often been a frustrating 5 1⁄2 years since the law was passed, but the Self-Determination Program is finally here! Unfortunately, none of the "Dream Team" members were selected for the phase-in of the program, but they remain committed to staying active. They want to ensure that the Self-Determination Program is successful so that, one day, their children, and every person with developmental disabilities in California, can benefit from freedom, choice and control over their lives.
Overview of California's Self-Determination Program
California's Self-Determination Program (SDP) provides individuals with autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and other developmental disabilities and their families with more control and flexibility over the services and supports they need. Self-determination is a voluntary regional center program that provides participants with an individual budget, which they can use to purchase the services and supports they need to implement their person-centered plan (PCP) and Individual Program Plan (IPP). For example, participants and families may purchase services from traditional providers or local businesses, hire support workers directly, or negotiate unique arrangements with groups and individuals in their communities.
The SDP is based on a 20-year old pilot project in which almost 200 individuals participated in a test of self-determination in five regional centers. The pilot program has been a resounding success and, after many attempts, it is finally being expanded throughout California.
The Self-Determination Program will be phased in over three years. On October 1, 2018, DDS randomly selected the first 2,500 participants based on geographic and racial/ethnic diversity. On June 5, 2021, the program will be available to all eligible individuals on a voluntary basis with no limit on the number of participants.
To be eligible for the program, you or your family member must:
Have a developmental disability and currently be receiving services from a California regional center OR be a new client of a regional center
Be over the age of three or, if under, be qualified for services through the Lanterman Act
Live in the community and have free choice in your life. You are not eligible if you live in a licensed long-term health care facility, unless you are using it to transition from that facility
You can continue to participate in the Self-Determination Program even if you move to another regional center. If you voluntarily choose to leave the Self- Determination Program, you can go back into the traditional regional center system, but you cannot return to the SDP for at least twelve months.
Implementation at Your Regional Center
Each regional center is required to have a Self-Determination Local Advisory Committee. They are responsible for oversight and monitoring progress of the Self-Determination Program and can make recommendations for improvement to DDS. They are mostly self-advocates and family members who are appointed by the regional centers and the regional offices of the State Council on Developmental Disabilities. The Clients' Rights Advocates of Disability Rights California are also a part of the committees. The committees' meetings must be put on the regional centers' websites, and everyone is welcome to attend. The local committees will be working with the regional centers to hold the orientations and ongoing trainings of the participants and the general community. The State Council on Developmental Disability also convenes a statewide advisory committee, made up of the chairs of the 21 local committees, to identify best practices, design effective training materials, and make recommendations for improvements in the Self-Determination Program.
Learn More about the Self-Determination Program
Attend meetings of your regional center's Self-Determination Local Advisory Committee.
If you have been selected as a participant, you can start creating your person-centered plan before your orientation and hire an independent facilitator using regional center funds. Ask your service coordinator!
If you weren't selected as a participant in the first selection, there will be future random selections as some participants drop out of the program. If you didn't sign up for the lottery in the first round, you can be part of future random selections if you attend an informational meeting and have your name submitted.
Join the Disability Voices United's email list and Facebook page to find out about our activities and advocacy around the Self-Determination Program. Sign up at Disability Voices United.
The Self-Determination Interchange is a project of
info@dvunited.org


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La meridiana, detta anche, impropriamente, orologio solare o quadrante solare, è uno strumento di misurazione del tempo basato sul rilevamento della posizione del Sole. In senso stretto, con meridiana si deve intendere unicamente l'indicatore del passaggio del Sole a mezzogiorno, anche se nella sua accezione più generale il termine viene utilizzato per indicare, erroneamente, gli orologi solari presenti sui muri degli edifici.

Etimologia
Il termine "quadrante solare", che caratterizza 'non' le meridiane bensì gli orologi solari, trae la sua origine dal latino quadrans che indicava nel Rinascimento la quarta parte di cerchio sulla quale veniva generalmente tracciato un orologio solare portatile, denominato appunto quadrante. Tuttavia, il suo significato è stato generalizzato nel linguaggio popolare, in tempi moderni, divenendo sinonimo di meridiana e orologio solare.

A differenza dell'orologio solare, la meridiana indica ogni giorno, lungo una linea retta, l'istante in cui il Sole transita sul meridiano del luogo.

Introduzione

Gli orologi solari e le meridiane erano già conosciuti nell'antico Egitto e presso altre civiltà, e successivamente tra quella dei Greci e dei Romani.
L'origine di questa scienza è tuttavia ancor più antica rispetto alla civiltà egizia e le prime testimonianze risalgono addirittura al Neolitico.

Lo studio degli orologi solari è chiamato gnomonica o, meno frequentemente, sciaterica.

Nella forma tradizionale l'orologio solare è uno stilo, detto gnomone, che proietta la sua ombra su una superficie orizzontale o verticale, detta quadrante, indicando l'ora solare locale. Il principio di funzionamento di un orologio solare è legato al moto apparente del Sole nel cielo di una data località.

Mentre nella meridiana il Mezzogiorno locale è indicato sopra una linea retta, nell'orologio solare l'ora locale è definita in modo più esteso sopra un quadrante nel quale, l'angolo orario di tutte le ore è un multiplo di 15°. Questo orario differisce dall'orario dell'orologio che portiamo al polso perché quest'ultimo indica l'ora media in vigore nei vari paesi.
I due orari sono differenti per altri motivi:

Equazione del tempo
Il giorno solare, ovvero l'intervallo tra due transiti del Sole su uno stesso meridiano, dura in media ventiquattro ore. A causa della differente velocità di rivoluzione della Terra attorno al Sole e dell'obliquità dell'eclittica, la durata del giorno non è costante, cioè il giorno vero non dura mai ventiquattro ore come il giorno medio, ma è un po' più lungo o un po' più corto. Le differenze, sommandosi tra loro, generano un divario tra il tempo vero e il tempo medio che arriva a ±15/16 minuti, determinando la cosiddetta Equazione del tempo (Edt), così definita:

Edt = Tempo solare medio - Tempo solare vero (o viceversa).

Longitudine della località
L'ora media di ogni paese ha uno o più meridiani di riferimento. In Italia il meridiano di riferimento è quello di longitudine 15° Est rispetto a Greenwich. La differenza tra il transito del Sole sul meridiano centrale e quello del meridiano locale di longitudine L ha un valore costante di (15°-L)*4 minuti. Per confrontare un quadrante a ora vera locale con l'orologio, questa differenza va integrata con l'equazione del tempo.

Ad esempio, in un luogo avente longitudine 12° Est, nel 2015 la differenza massima tra l'orologio da polso e un quadrante a ora vera locale si verifica l'11 febbraio quando l'equazione del tempo, pari a 14m 11,5s, si somma alla differenza dovuta alla longitudine pari a: (15°-12°)*4min=12min, comportando uno scarto di 26m 11,5s.

In alcuni casi le linee orarie della meridiana, anziché indicare l'ora vera locale, indicano l'ora vera del fuso di riferimento. In questi quadranti, quando l'ombra segna le 12, il Sole transita sul meridiano centrale. Pertanto per confrontare l'ora indicata da queste meridiane con quella di un orologio da polso è sufficiente apportare solo la correzione dell'equazione del tempo.

Una meridiana verticale a ora vera locale si riconosce rispetto a una a ora vera del fuso osservando la linea del mezzogiorno, perfettamente verticale nel primo caso, leggermente ruotata nel secondo.

Su molti orologi solari, le differenze tra l'ora del quadrante e quella media dell'orologio da polso sono riprodotte in una tabella, oppure sono sintetizzati in un grafico. In alcuni casi nel quadrante è tracciato l'analemma (o lemniscata), ossia la curva a forma di 'otto' che indica l'ora media del fuso e permette di leggere direttamente l'ora dell'orologio senza ricorrere alla correzione dell'equazione del tempo e della differenza di longitudine.

Gnomone
Lo gnomone di un quadrante può essere di diversi tipi, per esempio: ortostilo, stilo polare, a camera oscura, bifilare, a riflessione.

Nei quadranti verticali gli gnomoni più usati sono l'ortostilo e lo stilo polare. L'ortostilo è piantato ortogonale alla parete e indica l'ora con la punta dello gnomone. Lo stilo polare è invece posizionato in modo da risultare parallelo all'asse di rotazione terrestre, quindi punta il polo celeste e la sua ombra coincide con la linea oraria in tutta la sua lunghezza.

Orologio solare fisso

Equatoriali o equinoziali
La più semplice forma di orologio solare è costituita da un disco coassiale con una barra collocata parallelamente all'asse terrestre. Il disco forma un piano parallelo con l'equatore. Sul disco sono tracciati dei segni che indicano il trascorrere delle ore. Normalmente il mezzogiorno è collocato nella parte più bassa del disco, le 6 al bordo ovest e le 18 al bordo est. In estate la parte nord del disco è illuminata mentre la parte sud non lo è. In inverno è illuminata la parte sud e non la nord. In estate il nodo è l'estremità a nord dello gnomone, in inverno lo diventa l'estremità sul lato opposto del disco.

Sul disco possono essere tracciati una serie di cerchi concentrici per evidenziare la posizione del nodo ogni giorno, permettendo di usare l'orologio come calendario.
Uno svantaggio di questa soluzione è che agli equinozi i raggi solari giungono parallelamente al disco e lo strumento è difficilmente leggibile.

Orologi solari orizzontali da giardino

L'orologio solare da giardino si basa sullo stesso principio della precedente, ma le linee del disco sono proiettate per mezzo della trigonometria su un piano parallelo al suolo. Il principale vantaggio di questo sistema è di potere mostrare l'ora tutto l'anno, poiché il quadrante non è mai completamente in ombra. I numeri sono in senso orario nell'emisfero settentrionale e in senso antiorario nell'emisfero meridionale. Il quadrante può essere tracciato sulla pavimentazione di una piazza oppure su un disco di vetro traslucido visibile dal basso.

Dalla base dello gnomone verso il bordo del quadrante sono tracciate le linee corrispondenti alle ore. Gli angoli di queste linee sono calcolati con la formula:

L'inclinazione dello gnomone rispetto al quadrante è pari alla misura in gradi della latitudine del posto in cui ci troviamo. Lo strumento ovviamente deve essere orientato, cioè occorre ruotare il quadrante in modo che lo gnomone sia parallelo all'asse terrestre.

Verticali o murali
Sebbene oggigiorno siano una rarità, un tempo gli orologi solari tracciati sulle pareti esterne degli edifici esposte a sud erano comuni (o quadrante rivolto a nord nell'emisfero sud), poiché visibili a distanza ed economici da realizzare. Il quadrante era semplicemente dipinto sul muro oppure ricavato su una lastra di marmo o pietra. Lo gnomone era uno stilo di ferro o di ottone, oppure un tripode di metallo, per maggiore robustezza.

Principale svantaggio di questi strumenti è che sono in grado di mostrare l'ora solamente per il periodo dell'anno e del giorno in cui il muro è direttamente illuminato dal sole.
La progettazione è molto simile a quella dei modelli orizzontali; la formula per un quadrante esposto a sud è:

L'inclinazione dello gnomone è uguale alla latitudine.

Tradizionalmente si usava collocare quattro orologi sul tetto o sulle pareti perimetrali di una torre, in modo da avere l'indicazione per tutto l'anno. È abitudine incidere sul quadrante un motto.

Orologio negativo solare
Negli orologi solari convenzionali lo gnomone proietta l'ombra su un quadro di riferimento, l'orologio negativo è quello che proietta i raggi di luce attraverso una fessura.

Orologi solari portatili

A partire dal periodo ellenistico furono elaborati strumenti astronomici e orologi solari portatili.

Romani

Tra il I e il VII secolo, in ambito romano furono sviluppati numerose meridiane portatili, alcune delle quali erano definite pros pan clima, «per tutte le latitudini», in quanto potevano essere regolate su latitudini differenti.

Le meridiane portatili romane sono classificate in 6 categorie:

1. Meridiana a sospensione - tipo «Prosciutto di Portici»
Nota in un unico esemplare ritrovato ad Ercolano, è a forma di prosciutto e su di un lato ha inciso un quadrante
2. Meridiana a disco a sospensione
Si tratta di un disco che si sospende per un anello dopo aver inserito lo gnomone nel foro corrispondente al mese corrente
3. Meridiana cilindrica
Nota in due esemplari, consiste in una meridiana raffigurata sulla parete del cilindro; lo gnomone viene fatto ruotare in corrispondenza del mese corrente
4. Meridiana a scatola
5. Meridiana ad anello
Nota in un solo esemplare ritrovato a Filippi, permette di leggere l'ora per quattro latitudini differenti grazie alle quattro scale di cui è dotata
6. Meridiana pros pan clima
Permette di variare la latitudine della meridiana in maniera continua, correggendo per la posizione corrente, oltre che per il mese corrente.

Posteriori

A dittico
Un tipo molto comune è costituito da due piccoli pannelli (un dittico) di legno o meglio avorio bianco intarsiato, incernierati in modo da potere essere chiudibili a formare una scatola facilmente trasportabile.
Lo gnomone è realizzato con un filo di lino, seta o canapa teso tra le due tavole.
Quando il filo è teso, le due tavole costituiscono due quadranti, uno orizzontale e uno verticale.

Un errore comune è descrivere questo strumento come auto allineante. Ciò non è corretto per gli orologi solari a dittico che utilizzano un filo tra le due tavole, indipendentemente dall'orientamento dei quadranti. Dato che il filo è continuo, le ombre devono incontrarsi sulla cerniera; perciò, qualunque orientamento dello strumento mostrerà la stessa ora sui due quadranti.

A mezzogiorno, al tramonto e all'alba, la variazione di latitudine non influisce sull'ora mostrata dall'orologio solare portatile, ma alle 9 e alle 15 ogni grado di errore nella latitudine produce una differenza di quattro minuti nell'ora mostrata sui due quadranti. Ne consegue che può essere usato come un astrolabio o un sestante per determinare la latitudine.
Alcuni strumenti comprendono una scala con un filo a piombo su cui leggere la latitudine, mentre altre includono una rosa dei venti. Orologi solari di questo tipo di grandi dimensioni (oltre il metro) erano usati per la navigazione.

Ad elevazione

La funzione dell'orologio solare poteva essere svolta da un astrolabio, usato anche per la navigazione e l'astronomia. Nel modello più semplice era costituito da un anello sostenuto da un anellino. Quando il tutto era tenuto in mano in modo che penzolasse verticalmente, un foro nell'anello (detto foro gnomonico) proiettava un punto luminoso all'interno, dove una scala indicava l'ora. lo strumento era vincolato ad una particolare latitudine e l'utilizzatore doveva sapere a priori se era mattino o pomeriggio, altrimenti indistinguibili. Il foro era montato su una slitta regolabile in funzione del giorno dell'anno.

In tempi moderni le forze speciali dell'esercito degli Stati Uniti dispongono di un semplice orologio solare di questo tipo ricavata nel coltello in dotazione all'equipaggiamento, utile in caso di malfunzionamento dell'orologio meccanico.

Telescopica

William Molyneux inventò nel 1686 una "meridiana telescopica" (in latino sciothericum telescopicum) che faceva uso di un telescopio per determinare il mezzogiorno esatto, a beneficio della precisione in navigazione, astronomia e geografia.

Meridiana a tempo medio

Una meridiana può essere anche chiamata eliocronometro, perché è in grado di correggere il tempo solare apparente per indicare il tempo solare medio o un altro tempo standard, solitamente con un'accuratezza nell'ordine del minuto.

Orologio solare equatoriale a coppa
La più classica forma di eliocronometro è quello con quadrante a coppa, sopra il quale una barra e filo teso parallelamente all'asse terrestre costituisce lo gnomone. La scala è tracciata a formare un semicerchio all'interno della coppa.
Questo tipo di strumento fu usato in Francia durante la prima guerra mondiale per regolare l'orario dei treni.
Gli strumenti più precisi si trovano a Jaipur in India. Sono di dimensioni colossali e furono fatte costruite dal califfo Mogul per tenere aggiornato il calendario islamico.

Orologio solare greco

Gli antichi Greci usarono un tipo di orologio solare chiamato "pelekinon". Lo gnomone era una barra o un palo messo verticalmente su un piano orizzontale o semisferico. L'ombra della punta dello gnomone descriveva una curva iperbolica sulla superficie piatta o circolare sulla superficie semisferica. Sulla superficie erano tracciate linee che indicavano l'ora esatta in ogni periodo dell'anno.

Le vere Meridiane: orologi del mezzodì

Questo tipo di meridiana è caratterizzato dall'avere la linea delle ore a forma di 8 (detta analemma), corrispondente alla rappresentazione visiva dell'equazione del tempo. L'ora è letta nel punto in cui l'ombra del nodo dello gnomone cade sulla curva analemmatica. Questo compensa automaticamente gli effetti combinati dell'eccentricità dell'orbita terrestre e dell'inclinazione dell'asse di rotazione. Segnano il "Tempo Medio".

A riflessione
Isaac Newton inventò una meridiana adatta per le finestre esposte a sud. Egli collocò un piccolo specchio sul davanzale della finestra e dipinse un quadrante simile al pelekînos greco sul soffitto e sulle pareti. Lo specchio costituisce in questo caso lo gnomone riflettendo il punto luminoso. In questo modo è possibile realizzare uno strumento ampio, accurato e facilmente correggibile con poco materiale e senza spreco di spazio. Il quadrante può anche essere di tipo analemmatico.

Meridiana calcolatrice
Un'interessante variante della meridiana orizzontale è in grado di elaborare e mostrare direttamente il tempo standard.
Diversamente da un modello normale, sul quadrante gli intervalli orari sono tracciati con angoli identici.
Ad esso è sovrapposta una maschera a forma di cardioide (una figura geometrica a forma di cuore).
Questa figura esprime la formula di corrispondenza tra i differenti angoli orari di una meridiana convenzionale e gli angoli orari identici come appaiono sul quadrante di un orologio.
Il punto in cui l'ombra dello gnomone incontra la curva cardioide è dove si deve leggere l'ora sul quadrante sottostante. La correzione dell'ora legale viene effettuata semplicemente ruotando il quadrante inferiore.

Meridiane digitali
Una meridiana digitale sfrutta le luci e le ombre per mostrare l'ora sotto forma di cifre o anche parole, invece del tradizionale sistema basato sulla posizione. Un sistema è quello di affacciare due maschere parallele con coppie di fori che risultano allineate e consentono il passaggio dei raggi luminosi ciascuna in preciso periodo del giorno.

Meridiane naturali
Una meridiana naturale sfrutta la conformazione del suolo per mostrare l'ora grazie alle cime montuose che il sole illumina. Un esempio di tale regalo della natura è la meridiana di Sesto, che con le sue cime dolomitiche fornisce questo strumento.

Galleria d'immagini

Note

Bibliografia
 Piero Bianconi e Aldo Morosoli, Meridiane del Ticino, Unione Svizzera delle Casse Raiffeisen, San Gallo
 René R. J. Rohr, Meridiane. Storia, teoria, pratica, Ulisse, Torino 1988 ISBN 88-414-3013-3
 Renzo Morchio, Scienza e poesia delle meridiane, ECIG, Genova 1988 ISBN 88-7545-253-9
 Luigi Botta, Meridiane a Savigliano. Appunti per un censimento degli orologi solari, Prima Bozza, Savigliano, 1995
 Giovanni Bosca e Piero Stroppa, Meridiane e orologi solari, Trezzano sul Naviglio, Il Castello, 1996 ISBN 88-8039-022-8
 Giovanni Paltrinieri, Meridiane e orologi solari d'Italia, L'Artiere, Bentivoglio (Bologna), 1997
 Giancarlo Pavanello e Aldo Trinchero, Le meridiane, De Vecchi, Milano 1999 ISBN 88-412-4691-X
 Giordano Berti e Giovanni Paltrinieri (a cura di), Gian Domenico Cassini. La Meridiana del Tempio di S. Petronio in Bologna, Arnaldo Forni Editore, S. Giovanni in Persiceto, 2000.
 Giordano Berti e Giovanni Paltrinieri (a cura di), Luoghi del tempo nella provincia di Bologna. Meridiane, orologi solari e orologi meccanici, Istituto Graf, Bologna 2008. La mappa è visibile anche sul Portale Turismo della Provincia di Bologna
 Nicola Severino: Storia della Gnomonica, Roccasecca, 1992-1994, Antologia di Storia della Gnomonica, 1995, Storia dell'Astrolabio, 1995, La gnomonica kircheriana e le Tavole Sciateriche di Monte Porzio Catone, 1995, Gnomonica Cinese, 1996, International Bibliography of Gnomonica, 1997, Gnomonica, la prima rivista italiana sugli orologi solari, Orologi solari Greco-Romani, 2003, De Monumentis Gnomonicis apud Graecos et Romanos, 2005. Web, https://web.archive.org/web/20190102003306/http://www.nicolaseverino.it/
 Nicola Ulivieri, I segreti degli orologi solari, Youcanprint 2015 ISBN 978-88-9114-852-0
 Carlo Burin, L'orologio solare moderno a quadrante piano, come funziona come si calcola, Aracne editrice S.r.l., Roma 2010 ISBN 978-88-548-3526-9
 Nicoletta Lanciano, In luna, stellis et sole. Guida alla scoperta dell'Astronomia a Roma in dodici itinerari, Apeiron Editori, Sant'Oreste (RM), 2018. ISBN 978-88-85978-92-8.

Voci correlate
 Gnomonica
 Meridiana (indicatore)
 Meridiana a cannone
 Sciaterica
 Tavole sciateriche
 Grande meridiana di Bari
 Meridiane del palazzo del Governatore

Altri progetti


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Gourmet Knife Skills
Cooking Class: Gourmet Knife Skills
Chef Ivan's cooking classes offer a way to take your culinary skills to the next level. This extensive class features professional knife techniques and safety skills while preparing three Mediterranean recipes using fresh vegetables and fruit. You'll learn how to julienne, brunoise, batonette and more while making minestrone soup with pesto and vegetables and salmon en papillote with mushrooms, squash, peppers and tomatoes. For more slicing skills, you'll prepare a rustic fruit galette with maple whipped cream with strawberries, peaches and blueberries.
Minestrone With Pesto
With vegetables, white beans, pine nuts and cheese
Salmon en Papillote
With mushrooms, onion, yellow squash, peppers, tomatoes and wine
Fruit Galette With Maple Whipped Cream
With strawberries, peaches and blueberries
LabelsGroup, Italian, Baking, Pescatarian
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Great experience and incredible food. The chefs were patient, knowledgeable and genuinely eager to make us part of the experience.
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Chef Ivan or Resident Chef Verified chef
Chef Ivan began attending culinary school at the tender age of 14. His adventures in the world of food preparation took him through Europe and eventually brought him to New York, where he manages a catering company and volunteers teaching children's cooking classes. With a focus on sushi, Italian and French cuisines, Chef Ivan is always excited to share novel kitchen techniques with his guests and students.
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Event location: New York


text:
History of Le Marche
Posted on 24 April 2019 in Italy, Le Marche
Le Marche is one of Italy's real gems. When tourists first encounter this region, they are drawn in by the beautiful coastline that washes up onto the white-pebble beaches of friendly towns, only to discover the rugged, mountainous countryside is just as rich in colour and charm. Art and culture are as alive here as in the well-known parts of the country, from the hometown of Renaissance artist Raphael to the city of Ascoli Piceno that blends chic culture with historic allure.
What intriguing past does this jewel hold? Join us as we discover the vibrant history of one of Italy's overlooked regions, Le Marche.
The Beginning of Le Marche
Little is known about the first people to live along the beautiful coastline of Le Marche an estimated 23,000 years ago. The earliest evidence places people in this region only 3,000 years ago, with the Piceni tribe. Their name draws from their cultural totem, the woodpecker, who played a significant role within their religious beliefs. The unearthed artefacts are on display in the Museo Archeologico in Ascoli Piceno.
The Romans, like in many parts of Italy, invaded the region around 3rd Century BC and they remained rulers of the area for almost 700 years. Upon the fall of the Roman Empire, Le Marche passed through many hands, including Greek and Celtic tribes, from the Goths and Vandals to the Ostrogoths and the Lombards.
Another Empire Rule
The Lombards were unpopular rulers and in the 8th century AD, Pope Stephen II called upon foreigners to banish the family from their charge. The first to attempt such a task was Pepin the Short who led the Frankish army to battle. It was, however, Charlemagne, the tall son of Pepin, who finally took control from the Lombard family. Pope Leo II anointed Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great and King of the Franks, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 800 AD, yet the Eastern Byzantine church, who had control of the majority of Le Marche's Adriatic coastline at the time, never recognised him as so. Interestingly, the few churches and monasteries to survive from this period are Byzantine, as Charlemagne focussed on expanding his reign through Europe.
The name Le Marche derives from the Frankish for "frontier".
Charles the Great went on to unite much of western and central Europe through the Middle Ages. Many highlight Charlemagne as the first emperor of western Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire several centuries before his reign.
The Dark Ages and The Renaissance
Charlemagne remained ruler until his death in 814 AD, after which Le Marche fell into centuries of bitter war and anarchy. Factions began to form in central Italy – the Ghibellines who supported emperor rule and the Guelphs who cheered for papal rule. It was the latter who won, which saw Le Marche become a Papal State, ruled by a succession of popes. Le Marche remained this way until the Italian unification in 1861.
Le Marche became a key place for Renaissance art. Many artists held Le Marche fondly, whether it was their place of birth or somewhere they frequently visited. Major artists include Piero della Francesa, Bramante, Perugino and Raphael. Examples of their influence remain to this day.
For example, Piero della Francesa's work hangs in the National Gallery of Le Marche in the Ducal Palace, an excellent example of 15th-century architecture. Francesa was inspired by the Val Metauro, a valley rich with vineyards, olive trees and villages that runs from the Apennine mountains to the Adriatic coast. Additionally, the Montefeltro, the provinces of Pesaro and Urbino, often featured in many of his paintings.
Raphael was born in Urbino, which at the time was a leading cultural centre. He was painter and architect whose work also features in the National Gallery cited above. Today, Urbino is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Tale of Count Cagliostro
Across Le Marche, examples of architecture from this period remain, all beautiful examples of an intriguing past. Yet no story is as interesting as the one of Count Cagliostro set in a tiny, unsuspecting village. San Leo is on the cliffs that overlook a picturesque view of the river Marecchia and its surrounding valley. It is now home to a museum and extensive art collection, but the history of one man is what appeals to people most about this place.
In the 16th-century, the mysterious Count Cagliostro was an alchemist who said he had found the elixir of eternal youth. For the nerve of his claim, the count was imprisoned in the castle at San Leo and sentenced to death.
As you can see, Le Marche has a colourful tapestry of history. A holiday at one of our Le Marche villas bestows you with a beautiful setting to explore a part of Italy's fascinating story. Get in touch with us today if you would like to know more about a vacation here.
Andreas Trepte under CC 2.5


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