text:
Political Science International Affairs Business & Communications Psychology Economics All Topics
Cyber Security Cyber Warfare Cyber Attack Hacking Stuxnext Iran International Relations Cyber Weapons
From Interstate - Journal of International Affairs VOL. 2015/2016 NO. 2
Stuxnet: The World's First Cyber... Boomerang?
By Alex Middleton
Interstate - Journal of International Affairs
2016, Vol. 2015/2016 No. 2 | pg. 1/1
Stuxnet's Influence on the Cyber Arms Race
Stuxnet: A Blueprint for Future Cyber Weapons
Cyber Weapons as Instruments of State Policy
Keywords:Cyber Security Cyber Warfare Cyber Attack Hacking Stuxnext Iran International Relations Cyber Weapons
In June 2012, two years after the initial discovery of the Stuxnet worm,1 an excerpt from David Sanger's then soon to be released book entitled Confront and Conceal was published in the New York Times.2 This piece, purportedly based on the testimony of several current and former American, European and Israeli officials, declared that Stuxnet – "the world's first fully fledged cyber weapon"3 was engineered by the United States and Israel as part of a wider covert operation aimed at undermining the Iranian nuclear program.4 Whilst the United States and Israel had long been suspected of developing this complex piece of malware, Sanger described the nature of their involvement more fully than any previous account.5 Operation Olympic Games, the codename for this alleged joint venture, may well have succeeded in achieving its goal of disrupting Iran's nuclear enrichment program (although this debate is far from settled) but the deployment of a weaponized worm, which would cause physical damage to a nation-state's nuclear infrastructure, is likely to have spawned some rather sour implications for International Politics. It is these that this paper focuses on.
© Chappatte/International Herald Tribune
This article argues that the release of the worm is likely to have: 1) fueled an on-going cyber arms race by demonstrating to other nations the strategic utility of cyber weapons; 2) elevated the severity of the cyber threat by providing a broad range of actors with a template from which to construct their own cyber weapons; 3) set a precedent for the use of cyber weapons as instruments of state policy.
It should be noted that Sanger's account is far from definitive proof that the United States and Israel were the culprits behind the attacks on Iran's Natanz nuclear enrichment facility. However, regardless of who conducted the assault, the implications raised in this paper still apply given that Stuxnet unearthed itself in the summer of 2010.
Interest and development in offensive cyber weapons programs certainly predates the release of Stuxnet. Even prior to its discovery in June 2010, U.S. intelligence officials had estimated there to be around twenty to thirty militaries with respectable offensive cyber capabilities.6 There is of course great difficulty in determining the precise period in which nations began to build-up their cyber arsenals as, in the words of Richard Clarke, former U.S. presidential advisor for cyber security, "the entire phenomenon of cyber war is shrouded in such government secrecy that it makes the Cold War look like a time of openness and transparency".7
Events such as the distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks on Estonia and Georgia in 2007/2008, which saw their business, financial and media online communications severely hampered,8 demonstrated the strategic utility of cyberspace and thus would have intensified the emerging cyber arms race. Stuxnet, however, is widely regarded as a "game changer".9 Unlike the malware used in previous cyberattacks, it was highly targeted and designed to achieve a real world outcome.10 As Industrial Control System (ICS) security analyst Ralph Langner notes, rather than being designed for denial of service attacks or industrial espionage, "Stuxnet's goal was to physically destroy a military target not just metaphorically, but literally".11 This highly sophisticated worm was able to breach the air gap at Natanz and instruct cascades of bulky IR-1 centrifuges to spin into overdrive and self-destruct.12 This act, U.S. officials claim, would have set back Tehran's purported nuclear arms project by eighteen months to two years.13
The appeal of generating a Stuxnet-like cyber weapon for the implementation of state policy is then vast. The impact the release of this worm is likely to have had on the development and proliferation of cyber weapons worldwide should not be ignored. Not only are future variants of Stuxnet perfectly suited to covert operations because they afford their user a high degree of anonymity,14 (meaning that states need not be fearful of retaliation or international condemnation) but they are also low cost when compared to conventional weaponry15 and likely to possess tremendous asymmetric properties. But ownership of these future versions may not be limited to nation-states with ample resources. As the following section will demonstrate, Stuxnet is likely to have altered the nature of the cyber threat by inspiring and empowering a wide range of actors.
Sean Collins and Stephen McCombie state that "Stuxnet and the future cyber weapons it will inspire have fundamentally changed the scope of cyber threats".16 Indeed, whilst the potential of cyber-attacks to be a significant threat to critical infrastructure had long been discussed, it was the discovery of this malware in 2010 that finally provided the proof of concept.17 Not only would this have been likely to inspire militaries to develop similar cyber weapons, but also a host of other actors including terrorist organizations, organized crime syndicates and hacktivist groups.18 Whilst there lacks concrete evidence to prove that it was the United States and Israel who engineered the worm, there exists little doubt as to the type of actor involved. As Claire Yorke, a cyber-security researcher at the think tank Chatham House, commented: Stuxnet's "sophistication and complexity suggests it would have required significant time and resources beyond the capability of non-state actors".19
The same, however, cannot be said today. Indeed, after Stuxnet "escaped into the wild" and infected thousands of machines on the public Internet, there are fears that the readily available malware will be reverse engineered not only by nation states for military purposes but also by other malicious actors who could then use the worm's code and structure as a blue print for designing their own cyber weapon.20 As Richard Clarke states in the appendix of the revised edition of Cyber War: "thanks apparently to U.S. intelligence, hackers around the world ha[ve] a sophisticated tool to attack the kind of networks that run electrical power grids, pipeline networks, railways, and manufacturing processes in refineries and chemical plants".21 "The best cyber weapon the United States has ever developed", he insists "it then gave to the world for free".22
Parties interested in replicating this potentially lethal cyber weapon may also be aided by the freely available analysis on it by security firms and anti-virus vendors such as Symantec, Kaspersky Labs and Langer Communications. Each have carefully dissected the malware and provided commentary on it. Whilst this information is of course highly valuable from a defensive standpoint, it could also, as Paulo Sharkarian has argued, be turned on its head and be used to provide inspiration, information and guidance for future cyber weapons development.23
The release of Stuxnet will have implications for all states reliant upon ICT; the U.S. itself is thus far from immune. Indeed, what the U.S. unleashed (assuming it was the U.S.) could well come back to bite them. Such fears occupy passages in a recent report sent to Congress. The document clearly expresses concern that Stuxnet could be adapted into a weapon that could be used to cause widespread damage to critical infrastructure located on U.S. soil.24 Clarke shares similar concerns; he even goes as far as to label Stuxnet a "cyber boomerang"a weapon that may one day come back around to hurt its original creators.25
Soon after the discovery of the malware in June 2010 speculation grew that this offensive cyber action would open the floodgates to newer, increasingly devastating digital attacks. The New Yorker's Steve Coll stated that Stuxnet "has established new and disturbing norms for state aggression on the Internet and its side-channels".26 Misha Glenny even went as far as to suggest that "all countries that possess an offensive cyber capability will be tempted to use it now that the first shot has been fired".
Had Stuxnet been understood to be the work of a state like North Korea it might be interpreted by the international community as rogue behaviour, however with the U.S. as one the key architects, the use of cyber weapons leads to different conclusions. The role of the U.S. as a global leader with considerable power to set the agenda on issues of what is acceptable in terms of global conflict sets a precedent for future consideration of cyber weapons as a legitimate and effective tool of statecraft. Indeed, the non-violent nature of the attack may make it appear preferable to conventional kinetic weapons in some ways.
In fact, there have been no follow up attacks on the scale of Stuxnet. However, given the long planning process for that project and the fact that it remained undetected for many years, this is not in itself indicative of anything conclusive. The important implications of U.S. involvement in Stuxnet remain in terms of the way the use of cyber weapons is perceived by the international community. Whether that is a positive development leading to less violent solutions to global tensions or a negative development leading to an increase in state-based attacks on critical infrastructure remains to be seen.
It is quite clear that the goal of Stuxnet was to disrupt Iran's nuclear enrichment program. Regardless of whether this was part of a grander covert operation codenamed Olympic Games, the implications remain much the same. This paper has argued that the deployment of Stuxnet is likely to have: 1.) fueled an on-going cyber arms race by demonstrating to other nations the strategic utility of cyber weapons; 2.) elevated the nature of the cyber threat by not only providing evidence that well-guarded critical infrastructure could fall victim to a cyber-attack, but also because the malware and the analysis on it is readily available for a broad range of actors to access; and 3.) set a precedent, which contributes to the legitimization of cyber weapons as instruments of state policy. This highly sophisticated weaponized worm may have achieved its objective, but this is likely to have come at a cost; a cost which may in fact someday come back to harm its original creators.
Blanche, E. 'Cyber wars'. The Middle East (London), December 2012.
Clarke, R & Knake, R. Cyber War – The next threat to national security and what to do about it, 1st paperback edition (New York, HarperCollins Publishers, 2012).
Coll, S. 'Stuxnet and the Rewards (and Risks) of Cyber War'. The New Yorker (online), 7 June 2012. Available at http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/comment/2012/06/the-rewardsandrisks-of-cyberwar.html.
Collins, S & McCombie, S. 'Stuxnet: the emergence of a new cyber weapon and its implications', Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 7:1, (2012) pp. 80-91.
Farwell, J & Rohozinski, R. 'Stuxnet and the Future of Cyber War', Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 53:1 (2011), pp. 23-40.
Glenny, M. 'A Weapon We Can't Control'. The New York Times (online), 24 June 2012. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/opinion/stuxnet-will-come-back-tohauntus.html.
Hopkins, N. 'Stuxnet attack forced Britain to rethink the cyber war'. The Guardian (online), 30 April 2011. Available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/may/30/stuxnet-attack-cyber-wariran.
Hypponen, M. 'Viewpoint: Stuxnet shifts the cyber arms race up a gear'. BBC News (online), 14 July 2012. Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-18825742.
International Institute for Strategic Studies. 'Stuxnet: targeting Iran's nuclear programme', Strategic Comments, 17:2 (2011) pp. 1-3.
Langner, R. 'Stuxnet: Dissecting a cyberwarfare weapon', IEEE Security & Privacy, 9 (2011) pp. 49-51.
Rosenbaum, R. 'Richard Clarke on Who Was Behind the Stuxnet Attack', Smithsonian Magazine (online), April 2012. Available at http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Richard-Clarke-onWho-Was-Behind-the-Stuxnet-Attack.html.
Sanger, D. 'Obama Order Sped Up Wave of Cyberattacks Against Iran'. The New York Times (online), 1 June 2012. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/world/middleeast/obama-orderedwaveof-cyberattacks-against-iran.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
Shakarian, P. 'Stuxnet: Cyberwar Revolution in Military Affairs', Small Wars Journal, 7:4 (2011), pp.1-10.
Stuxnet was discovered in June 2010 by a Belarusian security company. International Institute for Strategic Studies. 'Stuxnet: targeting Iran's nuclear programme', Strategic Comments, 17:2 (2011) p. 1.
Sanger, D. 'Obama Order Sped Up Wave of Cyberattacks Against Iran'. The New York Times (online), 1 June 2012. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/world/middleeast/obama-ordered-waveofcyberattacks-against-iran.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
Langner, R. 'Stuxnet: Dissecting a cyberwarfare weapon', IEEE Security & Privacy, 9 (2011) p. 49.
Sanger, D. 'Obama Order'.
Coll, S. 'Stuxnet and the Rewards (and Risks) of Cyber War'. The New Yorker (online), 7 June 2012. Available at http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/comment/2012/06/the-rewards-and-risks-ofcyberwar.html.
Clarke, R & Knake, R. Cyber War – The next threat to national security and what to do about it, 1st paperback edition (New York, HarperCollins Publishers, 2012), p. 64.
Clarke & Knake, Cyber War, p. xi.
Collins, S & McCombie, S. 'Stuxnet: the emergence of a new cyber weapon and its implications', Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 7:1 (2012), p. 83.
Collins & McCombie, 'Stuxnet', p. 80.
Langner, R. 'Stuxnet: Dissecting', p. 49
Blanche, E. 'Cyber wars'. The Middle East (London), December 2012, p. 14.
Blanche. 'Cyber wars', p. 14.
Hopkins, N. 'Stuxnet attack forced Britain to rethink the cyber war'. The Guardian (online), 30 April 2011. Available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/may/30/stuxnet-attack-cyber-war-iran.
Clarke & Knake, Cyber War, p. 296.
Rosenbaum, R. 'Richard Clarke on Who Was Behind the Stuxnet Attack', Smithsonian Magazine (online), April 2012. Available at http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/RichardClarke-on-Who-Was-Behind-the-Stuxnet-Attack.html.
Shakarian, P. 'Stuxnet: Cyberwar Revolution in Military Affairs', Small Wars Journal, 7:4 (2011), p.8-9.
Farwell, J & Rohozinski, R. 'Stuxnet and the Future of Cyber War', Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 53:1 (2011), p. 36.
Coll. 'Stuxnet and the Rewards (and Risks) of Cyber War'.
Middleton, A. (2016). "Stuxnet: The World's First Cyber... Boomerang?" Interstate - Journal of International Affairs, 2015/2016(2). Retrieved from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1343
Middleton, Alex. "Stuxnet: The World's First Cyber... Boomerang?" Interstate - Journal of International Affairs 2015/2016.2 (2016). <http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1343>
Middleton, Alex. 2016. Stuxnet: The World's First Cyber... Boomerang? Interstate - Journal of International Affairs 2015/2016 (2), http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1343
MIDDLETON, A. 2016. Stuxnet: The World's First Cyber... Boomerang? Interstate - Journal of International Affairs [Online], 2015/2016. Available: http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1343
This article was published in
A publication of Aberystwyth University
From This Issue (Vol. 2015/2016 No. 2)
Crossed Wires: International Cooperation on Cyber Security
Book Review: Cyber War Will Not Take Place
The Internet as a Slippery Object of State Security: The Problem of Physical Border Insensitivity, Anonymity and Global Interconnectedness
Internet Freedom: Rhetoric Versus Reality
International Affairs » Cyber Security
Computer Science » Cyber Security
Cracking the Digital Vault: A Study of Cyber Espionage
Defending the Cyber Realm
Book Reviews » Cyber Security
JournalQuest is a free program to help academic student publications increase online readership and distribution.
If you are interested in enrolling a journal at your school, please visit the JournalQuest website.
Cyber security is a compelling problem for scholars of International Politics. Internet technology is so thoroughly integrated into civil society, commerce, governance, critical infrastructures, intelligence collection and law enforcement that the stakeholders necessary to cyber security practices and policies are diverse and complex... MORE»
Today, we live in the aftermath of the Internet revolution. Humanity has never before been more interconnected or had as much access to the same tools and information. As a driving force behind globalization and modern progress, the Internet enables instant communication and access to information while providing a new medium for... MORE»
There is a widespread belief that as societies and governments become increasingly reliant upon information technology, they in turn are becoming more vulnerable to a whole range of cyber-threats.1 Whether these dangers are capable of generating enough damage to warrant a redistribution of government resources is the question at the heart of this essay. This paper provides an evaluation of the cyber-threat arguing that it deserves recognition as... MORE»
Cyber Security Cyber Defense Cyber Warfare International Relations
In Cyber War Will Not Take Place1, Thomas Rid develops his argument on the concept of "cyberwar", previously formulated in an article of the same name2 published in January 2012. His chief point is that "cyber war has never happened in the past, it does not occur in the present, and it is unlikely that it will disturb... MORE»
Latest in International Affairs
Improving Medical Humanitarianism: Pitfalls and Best Practices for International Aid
By Casey Kozak
The necessity of international relief is unending as new crises continue to emerge across the world. International aid plays a crucial role in shaping how affected communities rebuild after a crisis. However, humanitarian aid often results in a... Read Article »
International Aid Humanitarianism Humanitarian Intervention Global Health International Development
Changes in Estonian Defense Policy Following Episodes of Russian Aggression
After joining the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004, Estonians felt secure and in charge of their future. However, following the 2007 Bronze Horseman incident in the Estonian capital of Tallinn which included... Read Article »
Estonia Eastern Europe NATO Russia International Relations Sovereignty
2017, Vol. 11 No. 1
Old History in the "New" Cuba: Exploring the Legacy of Race and Economic Inequality on the Island Today
By Elizabeth L. Drake
Published by Cornell International Affairs Review
This article examines the reasons why racism persists in Cuba more than fifty years after the 1959 Revolution in which Fidel Castro promised Afro-Cubans to eradicate racism from the island. More specifically, it investigates Cuba's racist history... Read Article »
Cuba Afro-Cuban Culture Race Social Reform Economic Inequality Racism
U.S.-africa Relations
Before Drones: U.S. Covert Action in Africa During the Congo Crisis
By Drew A. Calcagno
As with much of the African continent, the Congo endured a harsh colonial past. What trailed, after its 1960 independence from Belgium, also followed a similar trend of its continental neighbors – continued foreign meddling. At the outset,... Read Article »
Sub-Saharan Africa Congo Colonialism Covert Operations U.S. Foreign Policy U.S.-Africa Relations Patrice Lumumba
Food Insecurity and the Threat to Global Stability and Security in the 21st Century
By Michael DeFeo
In 2010, over 250,000 Syrian farmers were forced from their land due to water shortages. Lack of water left these farmers dangerously food insecure, so they moved, en masse, into Syrian urban centers. This strained an already overburdened infrastructure... Read Article »
Food Security Water Security Security Studies Failed States Social Instability Civil War Climate Change
Decision Making Theories and China's Military Intervention in the Korean War
By Hao Ming Xiong
This article uses two decision-making theories – rational choice theory and prospect theory – to examine China's resolution to intervene militarily in the Korean War. I argue that Chairman Mao Zedong was in a domain of loss both... Read Article »
Decision-Making Korean War Prospect Theory Rational Choice Theory Mao Zedong China North Korea South Korea International Relations
The copyright to this article and other articles from JournalQuest are maintained by the publishing journal and/or the individual authors according to agreements set forth by and between the publishing journal and the author. Other materials © 2021 Student Pulse, LLC. All rights reserved. ISSN: 2153-5760.


Last December, Jeremy Law, the general manager of Blundell Seafoods in Richmond, not only sent cases of canned tuna to schools where hunger was prevalent, but followed up with an offer to employ older students struggling with poverty.
"It was a brilliant offer," said Sarah McKay, a member of Surrey's Safe Schools Team, who gladly accepted it.
The team is a joint project of the Surrey school district and the RCMP. Its Wraparound Program is designed to help students who are in trouble with the law as a result of poverty and resorting to what McKay describes as "street survival" tactics.
Hunger and privation can cause some students to steal what they need, join gangs or place themselves in danger of sexual exploitation.
"Some don't have sheets on the bed, or have the heat turned off. They need shoes or socks, toiletries, diapers, warm clothes, a bit of food. It doesn't take a lot of money to help them," she said.
But the team, which has a caseload of 135 at-risk students, has no money for dispensing emergency aid in its budget.
It is asking The Vancouver Sun's Adopt-A-School campaign for $10,000 to help its most impoverished children get through the Christmas school break.
Jobs would help, but it is hard to find work as employers do criminal record checks.
However, a year ago, Law said he would overlook this when The Sun asked if his job offer could be made available to the Surrey team for their high-risk students.
It resulted in jobs for five teenagers in the plant on River Road. Four had only limited success and left for a variety of reasons, said McKay.
"We knew the location was going to be an issue as it takes over an hour on public transit to reach the plant. But it provided a safe space for these kids to see what it's like holding a job in the real world.
"Jeremy and his staff had great patience with these kids. He's incredibly generous and understanding. It didn't work out with some, but it was a great learning experience for us all," said McKay.
The students were paid above minimum wage and Law offered to help with post-secondary education if they stayed with the company. They were given day shifts, provided bus tickets and often lunch when they didn't have anything to eat.
Four quit, but 17-year-old Claudine Dushimirimana persevered despite it taking more than an hour on the SkyTrain and buses to reach the plant.
Dushimirimana is not officially part of the Wraparound Program. She has never been in trouble with the law, and it's her ambition to become a police officer.
But her family circumstances — she lives with her grandmother and two younger brothers, all refugees from Zimbabwe — came to the team's attention and McKay felt a job would really help them all out.
Now back at school, she works just on Sundays.
"They don't treat you as an employee, but as a friend. Everyone here is nice to me," she said.
She had planned to save her summer money to buy a car, but a family emergency intervened. She plans to try again next summer.
Law describes her as the perfect employee.
"She's a good worker, excellent. She's not someone who wanders around. If she hasn't anything to do, she'll come and ask for something else to work on.
"If she stays with us to post-secondary, we'll provide a scholarship. And we are going to take care of her prom. It'll all be paid for. We'll get her a dress and shoes, everything — my mother's taken her under her wing," he said.
Law is still donating tins of tuna to schools. And last year, he had offered fresh and frozen seafood, too, but schools were unable to take it due to concerns about handling.
But he hasn't stopped there. Law sent $9,000 that will be used to buy emergency weekend food for families attending Mount Pleasant Elementary in Vancouver.
"We are just trying to help out where we can," said Law.
Meanwhile, Jon Ross, McKay's colleague, said the Wraparound Team wanted to provide for all its families over the Christmas period. Funds are needed to buy food, clothes, even space heaters to keep some families warm.
"Some of these guys are really struggling and we need to help them," said Ross.


text:
Die Rohkunstbau ist eine Reihe jährlicher Ausstellungen für internationale zeitgenössische Kunst. Sie findet im Land Brandenburg an wechselnden Ausstellungsorten statt und dauert jeweils 10 Wochen. Die erste Rohkunstbau wurde 1994 veranstaltet.

Die Ausstellungsreihe soll zum einen zeitgenössische Kunst und Kultur fördern, zum anderen die Wiederentdeckung und Neubelebung fast vergessener Kulturstätten in den ländlichen Regionen Brandenburgs. Sie geht auf eine Initiative des Mediziners Arvid Boellert zurück, der das Projekt zusammen mit dem Kurator Mark Gisbourne betreut. Dem Ausstellungskonzept zufolge soll unter thematischen und ortsbezogenen Vorgaben zeitgenössische Kunst von internationalem Rang auf Brandenburger Nachwuchs treffen. In der Regel wird jede Ausstellung von einem Katalog begleitet.

Wortschöpfung "Rohkunstbau"
Der Name der Ausstellung ist ein Kunstwort. Die Bezeichnung geht auf den ersten Ausstellungsort zurück: eine Betonhalle in Groß Leuthen bei Lübben, die 1989 für die Arbeiterfestspiele der DDR errichtet worden, aber über den Rohbau nicht hinausgekommen war. Die Halle wurde nutzbar gemacht und beherbergte die ersten fünf Ausstellungen. Seit 1999 ist die Ausstellung in verschiedene leerstehende brandenburgische Schlösser gezogen, welche immer nur für eine temporäre Nutzung zur Verfügung stehen.

Ausstellungsorte
 1994–1998: Betonhalle in Groß Leuthen
 1999–2006: Wasserschloss Groß Leuthen
 2007: Schloss Sacrow
 2008: Villa Kellermann, Potsdam
 2009–2011: Schloss Marquardt, Potsdam
 2012: kein Rohkunstbau
 2013–2016: Schloss Roskow
 2017–2018: Schloss Lieberose
 2019: kein Rohkunstbau
 2020: Schloss Lieberose
 2022: Schloss Altdöbern

Künstler
Seit 2001 beteiligten sich folgende Künstler an Rohkunstbau:

Kataloge
 Arvid Boellert, Stefan Skowron (Hg.): VIII. Rohkunstbau. Schloss Groß Leuthen/Spreewald, 11.08. bis 01.09. 2001. 2001
 Arvid Boellert, Stefan Skowron (Hg.): IX. Rohkunstbau. 11. bis 31. August 2002 im Schloss Groß Leuthen/Spreewald. 2002
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): X. Rohkunstbau. Contemporary art from July 5 – August 31, 2003. Zeitgenössische Kunst vom 5. Juli bis 31. August 2003. [Schloss Groß Leuthen]. 2003, ISBN 3-00-011728-8
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): [XI.] Rohkunstbau. [27. Juni – 22. August] 2004 [Schloss Groß Leuthen]. 2004, ISBN 3-89930-097-1
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): XII. Rohkunstbau. Kinderszenen. Child's Play. [26. Juni – 28. August] 2005. [Schloss Groß Leuthen]. 2005, ISBN 3-00-016293-3
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): Drei Farben – blau. Three colours – blue. XIII. Rohkunstbau. 9.7.–10.9.2006. Wasserschloss Groß Leuthen. 2006, ISBN 3-7913-3748-3, ISBN 978-3-7913-3748-7
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): Drei Farben – weiß. Three colours – white. XIV. Rohkunstbau. 15.7.–26.8.2007. Schloss Sacrow, Potsdam. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89930-199-1, ISBN 3-89930-199-4
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): Drei Farben – rot. Three colours – red. XV. Rohkunstbau. 17.7.–5.10.2008. Villa Kellermann/Potsdam. 2008, ISBN 978-3-89930-232-5
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): XVI. Rohkunstbau. Atlantis I. Hidden histories – new identities. 12. Juli – 13. September 2009. Schloss Marquardt/Potsdam. 2009, ISBN 978-3-89930-267-7
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): XVII. Rohkunstbau. Atlantis II. Hidden histories – imagined identities. 9. 7. – 12. 9. 2010. Schloss Marquardt/Potsdam. 2010, ISBN 978-3-89930-306-3
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): XVIII. Rohkunstbau. Macht. Power. 1. Juli – 11. September 2011. Schloss Marquardt/Potsdam. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-89930-336-0
 Arvid Boellert (Hg.): Moral. Rohkunstbau XIX. [11. August bis 22. September 2013, Schloss Roskow.] 2013
 Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Brandenburg (Hg.): Revolution. Rohkunstbau XX. Schloss Roskow. 6.7.–21.9.2014. 2014
 Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Brandenburg (Hg.): Apokalypse. Rohkunstbau XXI. Schloss Roskow. 21.6.–6.9.2015. 2015
 Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Brandenburg (Hg.): XXII. Rohkunstbau. Zwischen den Welten. Between the Worlds. 10. Juli – 18. September 2016. Schloss Roskow. 2016
 Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Brandenburg (Hg.): XXIII. Rohkunstbau. Die Schönheit im Anderen. The Beauty of Difference. 1. Juli – 10. September 2017. Schloss Lieberose. 2017
 Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Brandenburg (Hg.): XXIV. Rohkunstbau. Achtung. Mind The Gap. 30.6.–9.9.2018. Spreewald, Schloss Lieberose. 2018
 Arvid Boellert, Inka Thunecke (Hg.): Rohkunstbau 25. Zärtlichkeit. Vom Zusammenleben - Tenderness. About Common Living. 27.6.2020 - 20.09.2020. Schloss Lieberose. 2020, in Vorbereitung

Weblinks
 Website des Vereins der Freunde des Rohkunstbau e.V.
 Ingeborg Ruthe: Augenarzt bietet Sehschule. In: Berliner Zeitung. 24. August 2001
 Dirk Becker: "Für Brandenburg ein Spitzenprodukt". In: Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten. 23. August 2007 (Interview mit Arvid Boellert)
 Lucas Elmenhorst: Schule des Sehens. In: Handelsblatt. 11. September 2014
 Barbara Wiegand: Apokalypse in Schloss Roskow. Deutschlandradio Kultur. 17. Juni 2015
 Nicola Kuhn: Die Katastrophe im Idyll. In: Der Tagesspiegel. 19. Juni 2015
 Kulturschloss Roskow

Einzelnachweise

Kunstausstellung in Deutschland
Erstveranstaltung 1994

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mickey mouse is funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of the walt disney company. he was created by walt disney and ub iwerks at the walt disney studios in .Buy mickey mouse club house having ball, inflatable & sofflex balls, red/blue/yellow, """inflatable bouncers amazon free delivery possible on eligible purchases The mickey mouse universe is fictional shared universe which is the setting for stories involving disney cartoon characters mickey and minnie mouse, pluto, goofy, donald duck and . Moleskine, clic in its own right, meets disney'bestloved character, mickey mouse. favourite of all ages, the famed mouse is right at home on moleskine notebook, depicted playing and creating with reading and writing tools.


Are you looking to remove stains that make your smile look old and unhealthy? Teeth bleaching is a great way to remove tooth stains, and KöR Teeth Whitening is the best teeth bleaching system available. Some stains are in the surface of the enamel, while others are embedded deeper. Most teeth bleaching systems only remove surface-level stains, but KöR Whitening is designed to penetrate deeply into your teeth to remove the deeply embedded stains. And it's designed to cause less sensitivity than other teeth whitening.
If you are looking for great teeth whitening that can give permanent results with less sensitivity, KöR Whitening is the right choice for you. To get KöR Whitening in Beverly Hills, please call 310-275-5325 or contact Nicolas A. Ravon DDS MSD for an appointment with a cosmetic dentist.
Many people are drawn to instant whitening you can get in an hour. But if you want to really whiten your teeth, it takes time. KöR Whitening can achieve much more whitening than one-hour treatments, with less sensitivity. KöR whitening can penetrate deeply into your teeth to remove stains other whiteners can't remove, and your results can be made permanent.
Teeth stains are made of organic molecules that come from foods, beverages, and antibiotics. These compounds are embedded in the enamel of your teeth. Whiteners use a highly active form of oxygen—peroxide—to break down and remove these molecules.
KöR Whitening has three advantages over other whiteners. First, KöR Whitening has a proprietary formula for its whitener that helps the whitening molecules penetrate deeper into the tooth enamel to remove even more stains.
Second, KöR Whitening trays are designed differently than the trays of other whiteners. KöR Whitening trays fit snugly around your teeth. This protects the whitening compound from your saliva, so the whitener stays effective for longer. The tray also prevents whitener from leaking out and irritating your gums.
Finally, KöR bleaching includes compounds that prevent sensitivity due to whitening. Studies show that patients experience 10% of the sensitivity that they experience with other whiteners.
If you want to learn more about what sets KöR Whitening apart from other teeth bleaching approaches, please contact Dr. Nicolas Ravon for an appointment with a Beverly Hills cosmetic dentist.


text:
The Exciting Lloyd Price è il primo album del cantante di Rhythm and Blues statunitense Lloyd Price, pubblicato dalla casa discografica ABC-Paramount Records nel febbraio del 1959.

Tracce

LP
Lato A

Lato B

Musicisti
Stagger Lee / You Need Love
 Lloyd Price – voce
 John Patton – piano
 Ted Curson – tromba
 Charles McClendon – sassofono tenore
 Eddie Saunders – sassofono tenore
 Sconosciuto – sassofono baritono
 Clarence Johnson – contrabbasso
 Stick Simpkins – batteria
 The Ray Charles Singers – cori

Where Were You (On Our Wedding Day)? / Lawdy Miss Clawdy
 Lloyd Price – voce
 John Patton – piano
 Ted Curson – tromba
 Sconosciuto – sassofono baritono
 Clarence Johnson – contrabbasso
 Stick Simpkins – batteria
 The Ray Charles Singers – cori

I Wish Your Picture Was You / Talking About Love / What Do You Do to My Heart? / Oh, Oh, Oh
 Lloyd Price – voce
 Altri musicisti non accreditati

Mailman Blues / Why / A Foggy Day / Just Because
 Lloyd Price – voce
 Altri musicisti non accreditati

Note aggiuntive
 Don Costa – produttore
 Allen Vogel – foto copertina album originale
 Matthew Schutz – design copertina album originale
 Nat Hale – note retrocopertina album originale

Classifica
Singoli

Note

Collegamenti esterni
  (LP - Titoli, autori e durata brani - Produttore - Altro)


What does MURR stand for?
MURR stands for "University of Missouri Research Reactor"
How to abbreviate "University of Missouri Research Reactor"?
What is the meaning of MURR abbreviation?
The meaning of MURR abbreviation is "University of Missouri Research Reactor"
MURR as abbreviation means "University of Missouri Research Reactor"


Eileen S. Winterble: When Was the Last Time You Moved Out of Your Comfort Zone?
When Was the Last Time You Moved Out of Your Comfort Zone?
I know exactly when I last moved out of my comfort zone. It was this past Tuesday, when I took part in a speed networking event. My preferred way to interact with people is one-on-one, with enough time to share information and begin to build trust. Speed networking allowed 2-3 minutes for two people to exchange names, business cards and enough information - verbal and the all-important non-verbal - to form the basis for further contact. I was a little dizzy at the end, but I had collected 15 business cards and met a number of people I liked almost instantly. Now I have new connections on LinkedIn and several follow-up opportunities. Once again, I found that moving out of my comfort zone brings rewards. What about you? When was the last time you moved out of your comfort zone? Try something today. It doesn't have to be a life-changing experience. Start with baby steps, but do move out of that cozy circle of familiar actions. If you need help, find a great executive coach to support you along the way.
When Did Being Disruptive Become a Good Thing?
Are You Going Through a Major Life Transition?
Eileen S. Winterble is a transformative leader who helps private and public sector organizations and individual professionals meet their goals in today's dynamic, challenging business environment. This blog will focus on the change process, including recent findings from neuroscience and other fields.


Fresh, fantastic food makes us feel happier.
We believe food is at the centre of every great day.
We are a company built around fresh food, loyalty, quality, honesty and fun. We are mad about burritos and think nothing is quite as special as a Poncho 8 burrito!


text:
TAGS: cancer hospital
VinaCapital Foundation, Roche Vietnam launch programme to support children with cancer VinaCapital Foundation (VCF) and Roche Vietnam on December 16 launched a programme worth VNĐ550 million (US$23,730) called Immortal Wish to support children with cancer.
Health experts recommend women undergo early breast cancer screening
More and more breast cancer cases in Việt Nam in the last few decades have been found among young women, many of whom still think they are safe from the disease due to their age, doctors said during a recent conference.
Deputy PM hosts Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Vietnamese Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Phạm Bình Minh hosted a reception on Friday for Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Peter Szijjártó who is paying a two-day official visit to Việt Nam on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the two countries' diplomatic ties.
Breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy improves patients' quality of life
A 48-year-old woman from HCM City lacked confidence around her friends after having half of her breast removed because of a cancerous tumour. After learning that surgery could rebuild the shape and look of her breast, she visited Bình Dân Hospital for breast reconstruction surgery.
Remote examination and treatment project a breakthrough for health sector
The Ministry of Health is implementing a remote medical examination and treatment project for 2020-2025 to ensure the sustainable development of the health sector.
Third COVID-19 related death in Việt Nam
A third person has died from a COVID-19-related illness in Việt Nam.
45 new cases of COVID-19 in Việt Nam in Đà Nẵng
The number of people who have tested positive for COVID-19 in Việt Nam has topped the 500 mark, after 45 new community transmissions were detected in Đà Nẵng on Friday morning
Cancer the second leading cause of death in Việt Nam
Only cardiovascular diseases kill more in the country annually.
Young volunteer doctors make changes in poor areas' health care
Young doctors who volunteer to work at district-level health facilities in provinces across the country have made significant changes to the public health care sector.
Discussion urges smarter energy choices for sake of human health
Participants at a recent conference in Hà Nội called for smarter energy choices, given the impacts of coal power generation on air quality and air pollution's influence on human health.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


To confirm a booking a deposit of THB 2500 is required. The balance can be paid at the beginning of a course or a day of diving excursion.
The deposit can be made via PayPal or per bank transfer (please be aware, that You need to pay ALL bank fees (Your bank fees and our bank fees).
The balance will be paid in cash (Thai Bath).
We accept cash, credit card or PayPal. If you pay by credit card it will be carried out via PayPal. At all the ATM's in Thailand you can easily get cash with your credit card or EC-card. For every withdrawl there is a limit of 20'000 Thb as well as a limit of max. 50'000 Thb a day.
If you pay by credit card or PayPal there will be an additional 5% charge to the original price.
Any cancellation must be mady at least 24 hours in advance.
Any cancellation made before 24 hours in advance are free of charges.
Cancellations made until 17:00 the day before the booked tour can be charged with a fee of 30% oft he total amount.
If a cancellation is made after 17:00 the day before the tour, the total amount will be charged.
In the event of non-attendance on the day of discharge, the payment is made and charged to the full extent.
In case of non-discharge rate or boat trip (for example Due to weather conditions or other unforeseeable events), subject to the deposit costs will be refund, if a repeat or re-execution of the event can not take place.
Any cancellation made until 30 days before the booked services is will be refunded with a cancellation fee of 500 Thai Baht.
Cancellations made after 30 days before the booked services will be charged with 30% of the total amount.
Any cancellations on the day before the booked services the total amount will be charged.


Let the sparks fly on your wedding day or any other extra-special event with custom matchbooks from The Knot Shop. Great for sprinkling across tables or for complementing your cigar bar, these personalized matches make excellent low-cost party and wedding favors. Personalize your matchbooks with your preferred background and imprint color (including stylish metallic font) and the fun message of your choice. They can then be finished with your names and event date, if desired. Jazz up your candle or sparkler wedding favors with these fun accessories. They can also be used as an affordable take-home for guests attending an anniversary party, New Year's Eve party or birthday party.Note: due to the nature of this item it will be shipped by ground and shipping options will be limited to standard shipping only.


text:
Q: Invalid hash, timestamp, and key combination in Marvel API Call I'm trying to form a Marvel API Call.
Here's a link on authorization:
https://developer.marvel.com/documentation/authorization
I'm attempting to create a server-side application, so according to the link above, I need a timestamp, apikey, and hash url parameters. The hash needs be a md5 hash of the form: md5(timestamp + privateKey + publicKey) and the apikey url param is my public key.
Here's my code, I'm making the request in Python 3, using the request library to form the request, the time library to form the timestamp, and the hashlib library to form the hash.
#request.py: making a http request to marvel api

import requests;
import time;
import hashlib;

#timestamp
ts = time.time();
ts_str = str(float(ts));

#keys
public_key = 'a3c785ecc50aa21b134fca1391903926';
private_key = 'my_private_key';

#hash and encodings
m_hash = hashlib.md5();
ts_str_byte = bytes(ts_str, 'utf-8');
private_key_byte = bytes(private_key, 'utf-8');
public_key_byte = bytes(public_key, 'utf-8');
m_hash.update(ts_str_byte + private_key_byte + public_key_byte);
m_hash_str = str(m_hash.digest());

#all request parameters
payload = {'ts': ts_str, 'apikey': 'a3c785ecc50aa21b134fca1391903926', 'hash': m_hash_str};

#make request
r = requests.get('https://gateway.marvel.com:443/v1/public/characters', params=payload);

#for debugging
print(r.url);
print(r.json());

Here's the output:
$python3 request.py
https://gateway.marvel.com:443/v1/public/characters...${URL TRUNCATED FOR READABILITY)
{'code': 'InvalidCredentials', 'message': 'That hash, timestamp, and key combination is invalid'}
$

I'm not sure what exactly is causing the combination to be invalid.
I can provide more info on request. Any info would be appreciated. Thank you!
EDIT:
I'm a little new to API calls in general. Are there any resources for understanding more about how to perform them? So far with my limited experience they seem very specific, and getting each one to work takes a while. I'm a college student and whenever I work in hackathons it takes me a long time just to figure out how to perform the API call. I admit I'm not experienced, but in general does figuring out new API's require a large learning curve, even for individuals who have done 10 or so of them?
Again, thanks for your time :)

A: I've also had similar issues when accessing the Marvel API key.   For those that are still struggling, here is my templated code (that I use in a jupyter notebook).
# import dependencies
import hashlib  #this is needed for the hashing library
import time   #this is needed to produce a time stamp
import json   #Marvel provides its information in json format
import requests #This is used to request information from the API

#Constructing the Hash
m = hashlib.md5()   #I'm assigning the method to the variable m.  Marvel
    #requires md5 hashing, but I could also use SHA256 or others for APIS other
    #than Marvel's

ts = str(time.time())   #This creates the time stamp as a string
ts_byte = bytes(ts, 'utf-8')  #This converts the timestamp into a byte
m.update(ts_byte)  # I add the timestamp (in byte format) to the hash
m.update(b"my_private_key") #I add the private key to
    #the hash.Notice I added the b in front of the string to convert it to byte
    #format, which is required for md5
m.update(b"b2aeb1c91ad82792e4583eb08509f87a") #And now I add my public key to
    #the hash
hasht = m.hexdigest()    #Marvel requires the string to be in hex; they
    #don't say this in their API documentation, unfortunately.

#constructing the query
base_url = "https://gateway.marvel.com"  #provided in Marvel API documentation
api_key = "b2aeb1c91ad82792e4583eb08509f87a" #My public key
query = "/v1/public/events" +"?"  #My query is for all the events in Marvel Uni

#Building the actual query from the information above
query_url = base_url + query +"ts=" + ts+ "&apikey=" + api_key + "&hash=" +
hasht
print(query_url) #I like to look at the query before I make the request to
    #ensure that it's accurate.

#Making the API request and receiving info back as a json
data = requests.get(query_url).json()
print(data)  #I like to view the data to make sure I received it correctly

Give credit where credit is due, I relied on this blog a lot.  You can go here for more information on the hashlib library.  https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html

A: I noticed in your terminal your MD5 hash is uppercase. MD5 should output in lowercase. Make sure you convert to that.
That was my issue, I was sending an uppercase hash.

A: As mentioned above, the solution was that the hash wasn't formatted properly. Needed to be a hexadecimal string and the issue is resolved.

A: Your final URL should be like this:

http:// gateway.marvel.com/v1/public/characters?apikey=(public_key)&ts=1&hash=(md5_type_hash)

So, you already have public key in developer account. However, how can you produce md5_type_hash?
ts=1 use just 1. So, your pattern should be this:
1 + private_key(ee7) + public_key(aa3). For example: Convert 1ee7aa3 to MD5-Hash = 1ca3591360a252817c30a16b615b0afa (md5_type_hash)
You can create from this website: https://www.md5hashgenerator.com
Done, you can use marvel api now!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Adjust your Bracelet with ease using this Heavy Duty Pin Remover. With an adjustable base you can adjust you bracelet with greater accuracy which minimalises the risk of scratching your bracelet.
A rubber base keeps the pin remover steady when using it.


text:
It's Time To Send The Despicable House Of Saud To The Dustbin Of History
IMPORTANT COMMENTARY on Saudis: Enough Already! It's Time To Send The Despicable House Of Saud To The Dustbin Of History
I just now received from a reader the below article from "The Telegraph," a pro-Neocon rag. It is typical of Neocon writing in that it often fails to present details that support its conclusions and worse, at times it presents details that contradict its conclusions.
There was a time when this kind of blather could not have been published in a mainstream outlet.
My comments in red. (For red read brackets)
Don Hank
My brief critique in red typeface below:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/12083521/Britain-must-side-with-the-Saudis-against-Iran.html
Britain must side with the Saudis against Iran
The kingdom is a tried and tested ally with strong intelligence, trade and defence ties that benefit us
[It is baffling that the author would conclude this when the details of his article – not to mention details he omits to mention – seem to suggest the opposite, as I will show below.]
Shiite Muslims hold portraits of Shiite cleric Nimr al-Nimr, during a rally against his execution Photo: EPA
By Con Coughlin
7:28PM GMT 05 Jan 2016
The last time Saudi Arabia's foreign minister visited London, the Foreign Office gave him a lecture on reconciling the kingdom's differences with Iran, its bitter regional rival. Adel al-Jubair had arrived in the autumn looking for assurances from the Foreign Secretary, Philip Hammond, that Britain's long-standing strategic partnership with Riyadh would not be affected by the restoration of ties with Tehran.
"The Foreign Office and the rest of Whitehall need to make up their minds over whose side they are on"
Instead, the youthful Saudi diplomat was told that the Foreign Office wanted to use its new relationship to reconcile the two regional superpowers.
Mr al-Jubair was told that the British Embassy in Tehran, which had been officially reopened in August by Mr Hammond standing in front of a portrait of the Queen defaced with anti-British graffiti, could be used to aid the reconciliation process between the Saudis and Iran.
Given the deep-rooted political and religious schism that has developed between Shia Iran and Sunni Saudi Arabia in recent decades, it is hard to imagine how highly experienced Foreign Office diplomats could have misjudged the situation so badly.
For, rather than responding positively to the request, Mr al-Jubair stated bluntly that the Saudis had no intention of healing the rift with Iran. [This detail shows that the Saudis are hot heads who are not inclined to get along with their Muslim brothers. It goes against the author's conclusion above and below!]
On the contrary, he warned that, so long as Iranian officials were openly bragging about their mounting influence in Arab countries such as Yemen, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon, the Saudis would not rest until all Arab lands were returned to Arab control. [Note that these "Arab lands� are only Arab lands because the bullies in Riyadh insist they are. Their definition of "Arab� is: "under the control of the Saudi royal dictators.� Further, the people living there are ethnic Arabs but they are Shiites. Thus what the Saudis are actually implying is that only Sunnis may call themselves Arabs. These intolerant bullies are the people that this author insists the West must cooperate with, while rejecting Iran, the country whose religion accepts and tolerates other religions. Thus. like all Neocons, the author is perfectly fine with military cooperation with Saudi Arabia, a country whose aim and purpose is to eliminate all religions except the intolerant, violent Sunni one]
The Saudis' decision last weekend to execute the Shia cleric Shiekh Nimr al-Nimr, as well as 46 other prisoners convicted on terrorism charges, may have provoked the biggest crisis in relations between Riyadh and Tehran since Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution, but the tensions leading to this fissure have been evident for many months.
[Here is another of numerous details in this article that would normally lead to a conclusion much different from the author's. He admits that the Saudis provoked the rift but insists the Saudis are the ones for Britain to support.]
In Yemen, the Saudis and their Gulf allies have spent most of the past year fighting attempts by Iranian-backed Houthis to seize control of a country that the Saudis regard as falling under their regional sphere of influence. [Note the difference between the doctrine of the Saudi dictatorship, ie, that a region they deem to be in their sphere of influence – with no justifying facts, logic or reasoning for such – must be brought to heel, and the Russian doctrine that the people of a given region must be the deciders of their own fate (eg, the Crimeans and the referendum reflecting their desires, and Syria, where the Russians state that the people should elect their leader without foreign input.)]
It is a similar picture in Syria, where the Saudis are backing opposition groups committed to overthrowing the regime of President Bashar al-Assad, a close ally of Iran's Revolutionary Guards.
Obviously, the author wants the reader to be alarmed that Assad would ally himself with Iran. Yet if Assad were really close enough to the Iranian Guards to be dangerous to the West, he would have invited the Iranian troops to mop up ISIS in Syria. That did not happen because both sides wisely used restraint. Contrast this to the wanton killing – which might fairly be called genocide – against the Houthis by the Saudis where no restraint was shown].
There have even been tensions between Riyadh and the pro-Western government of Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi, whose perceived close alliance with Iran resulted in Iraq's exclusion from the Saudis' recently formed 34-nation coalition to fight Islamic State (Isil) – a grave omission given that Iraq has a vital role to play in defeating Isil. So much for the Foreign Office's naïve hope of persuading Iran and the Saudis to settle their differences. [Again, a detail that would justify distancing ourselves from Riyadh, not moving closer to appease this bloody dictatorship. In fact, Iran's willingness to fight ISIS and the Saudi unwillingness to fight it or to take refugees that are drowning Europe are solid reasons not to have anything to do with Saudi Arabia, the instigator -- along with the US -- of the terror in Syria, Libya, Iraq, etc]
Indeed, with relations between Riyadh and Tehran becoming more hostile by the day, rather than trying to play the role of peacemaker, the Foreign Office and the rest of Whitehall need to make up their minds over whose side they are on – the Saudis or Iran?
"When it comes to defending Britain's national interests, the Saudis, unlike Tehran, have proved themselves to be reliable and effective allies"
[Yes, except for the fact that the Saudis, together with their soft-headed allies in the West, created and funded all the terror organizations that threaten the West and the stability of the Middle East.]
Given the long-standing intelligence, trade and defence ties that exist between Britain and the Saudis, the answer should be self-evident.
[Nonsense. All but three of the attackers on 911 were Saudis. Osama Bin Laden was Saudi. The Saudis founded and funded al-Qaeda, the group responsible for this and countless other attacks. A recent survey among Saudi citizens showed that a staggering 92% of these people believe that ISIS "embodies the spirit of Islam.� The Saudi cooperation amounts to nothing more than a protection racket. When a racketeer comes to a place of business and "offers� the owner "protection,� he is primarily threatening the owner to accept the offer or else the racketeer will harm him or confiscate his property. The Saudis founded and funded all the terror organizations threatening the security of the Western world. Now they are offering us protection from their own thugs, and the weak-minded author of this article believes this is a good deal and the West should continue to allow these thugs to rule our lives and undermine our security.
Yet the official Neocon party line regurgitated by this author is that the Iranians are in fact the terror supporters, even though none of the above-enumerated terror organizations have received one penny of support from the Shiite Iranians, or from Assad either for that matter. The arguments presented here are spurious, even on the basis of the facts presented by the author himself. His facts support a severing of ties between the West and Riyadh.]
There will always be deep disagreement between London and Riyadh on issues like human rights, which is inevitable given the Saudis' strict adherence to the principles of Sharia law. [Yet in the case of other military adventures in the Middle East, Britain and the rest of its allies resorted almost exclusively to morally based arguments – eg, support for "democracy,� human rights and "freedom.� But in the case of the Saudis, the moral aspect is somehow completely irrelevant -- except in a later context where, miraculously, this same author has a epiphany and sees a human rights issue]
But when it comes to defending Britain's national interests, both at home and abroad, the Saudis, unlike Tehran, have time and again proved themselves to be reliable and effective allies. [Again, where are the supporting details? Besides, the elites can easily sweep aside the moral aspects of this issue, but what about the people? This author supports the view only of the oligarchs who stand to gain economically and militarily from their despicable ties with a despicable terror supporting government. Not so the UK citizen. And while the elites may feel they can strong-arm their citizens into accepting their sordid policies, they may not succeed this time in stream rolling a public whose patience is wearing increasingly thin and whose awareness is increasing] The support provided by Saudi Arabia and other pro-Western Gulf states such as Bahrain has been vital to maintaining the flow of vital oil supplies to the West [not necessary if one considers the vast reserves in Russia, Syria and Iran, which could become allies if the neocons like this author were to give up their irrational hostility], while intelligence provided by the Saudi security services has helped to foil a number of terrorist outrages on the streets of Britain. [But not nearly as many as the Saudis caused by funding terror]
And yet, while the Saudis have time and again demonstrated the value of the alliance, there is an influential group of Foreign Office officials who argue that Britain's long-term interests may be better served by building closer relations with Tehran. Conveniently ignoring the fact that the ayatollahs have a far worse human rights record than the Saudis (per capita the Iranians have carried out more executions [Wait, sir. You have already shown that you are not interested in human rights. But even so, if you look at terror as part of the human rights picture, then the Saudis are the biggest butchers in the world, via their proxies. Further, the sidebar at the end of this confusing article describes only Saudi-perpetrated violations]– including juveniles – than the Saudis in the past year), they argue that, now Iran has agreed a deal over its nuclear programme, Tehran could become a vital ally.
Setting aside the decades of Iranian hostility that has poisoned relations with London, this new generation of would-be Iranophiles also conveniently overlooks the fact that in Syria – Britain's real foreign policy priority [An author worth his salt would include here some justification for this statement. Why is Syria a priority?]– the Iranians are fighting on the wrong side – i.e. in defence of the Assad regime [Again, supporting details, please. Why is Assad on the wrong side? He is after all, a duly democratically elected leader and had very strong support in the latest polls. He can win re-election. If you want to be on the "right� side in Syria, are you justified in bullying the Syrian people into accepting a leader other than their choice? BTW, this is the kind of articles that Neocons always write. Not only do they lack supporting details for their conclusions but quite often, the details they supply contradict their non sequitur conclusions]. Nor, after Iran last week fired a missile close to a US warship in the Strait of Hormuz [Granted, this was a provocation, but do Western Neocons not constantly provoke Iran? Did not Netanyahu threaten to bomb Iran last year and did not a large percentage of the US Congress seem to acquiesce to this insane plan? And was the missile firing illegal under international law?], can there be any guarantee the nuclear deal will result in more responsible conduct.
Seeking to have improved relations with Iran might constitute good diplomacy. [But why Iran? Pakistan also has nukes and ISIS is making inroads there. Yet Iran is secure against ISIS.] But when it comes to defending our interests, sticking with tried and tested allies like Saudi Arabia makes far better sense. [despite the author's lack of supporting details? If I were this guy's English prof, I would give him a D- for this total lack of effort. I would not give him an F because then I would risk having the misfit back in my class next semester. Don Hank]
From:Subject: RE: Enough Already! It's Time To Send The Despicable House Of Saud To The Dustbin Of History
Con Coughlin in today's Telegraph:
Subject: Enough Already! It's Time To Send The Despicable House Of Saud To The Dustbin Of History
Thank God! They're finally getting it! And I think we can thank mostly Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin for blowing the lid off the PC censorship of this vital issue -- at least the issue of the Sunnis who sponsor terror around the globe and the fact that the US government has been in their pocket for 50 years.
But I'm not sure even these reputable experts like Stockton and Buchanan are aware that the Pentagon has been a mercenary force for these inhuman filthy swine for the past 50 years, assisting them in spreading their Wahhabi gospel of hate, intolerance and violent jihad, in ways that led to the deaths of countless Christians, Yazidis, Shiites and other innocents and unleashed the flood of "refugees," many of whom are now terrorizing Europe. Needless to say, we paid for it with our tax dollars and the blood of our precious youngsters.
I was talking about this back in March before it became socially acceptable to criticize the US-Saudi alliance:
http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/hank/150314
And incredibly, based on what David Stockman says, it now seems safe to talk about how the US has smeared the Iranian Shiites for years as the biggest supporters of terror when all the terror groups that had plagued Europe, including ISIS, were Sunnis -- backed by the Saudis.
I wrote about this too before it was safe to do so and a lot of people were upset:
http://inquiringminds.cc/the-saudis-are-sunni-the-more-fundamentalist-and-violent-sect-while-iran-along-with-syria-is-predominantly-shiite-a-sect-that-is-less-radical-and-violent-don-hank
Contra Corner Digest - January 5, 2016
David Stockman's Contra Corner
Enough Already! It's Time To Send The Despicable House Of Saud To The Dustbin Of History
David StockmanThe attached column by Pat Buchanan could not be more spot on. It slices through the misbegotten assumption that Saudi Arabia is our ally and that the safety and security of the citizens of Lincoln NE, Spokane WA and Springfield MA have anything to do with the religious and political machinations of Riyadh and its conflicts with Iran and the rest of the Shiite world.
Nor is this only a recent development. In fact, for more than four decades Washington's middle eastern policy has been dead wrong and increasingly counter-productive and destructive. The crisis provoked this past weekend by the 30-year old, hot-headed Saudi prince behind the throne only clarified what has long been true.
That is, Washington's Mideast policy is predicated on the assumption that the answer to high oil prices and energy security is deployment of the Fifth Fleet to the Persian Gulf. And that an associated alliance with one of the most corrupt, despotic, avaricious and benighted tyrannies in the modern world is the lynch pin to regional stability and US national security.
Nothing could be further from the truth. The House of Saud is a scourge on mankind that would have been eliminated decades ago, save for Imperial Washington's deplorable coddling and massive transfer of arms and political support.
At the same time, the answer to high oil prices is high oil prices. Could anything not be more obvious today when crude oil is hovering around $35 per barrel notwithstanding a near state of war in the Persian Gulf?
Here's the thing. The planet was endowed by the geologic ages with a massive trove of stored energy in the form of buried hydrocarbons; and it is showered daily by even more energy in the form of the solar, tidal and wind systems which shroud the earth.
The only issues is price, the shape and slope of the supply curve and the rate at which technological progress and human ingenuity drives down the real cost of extraction and conversion... Read more »
[url=https://truth-wars.co.uk/forum/index.php?topic=3101.0] It's Time To Send The Despicable House Of Saud To The Dustbin Of History [/url]


text:
Q: Foreach doubling data from query I am creating a page in order: Date (Panel 1 (News 1 News 2)). The data work individually, but when together two stories within a panel they duplicate. Like This:

And when the data is alone in the panel, it does not duplicate:

Foreach doubling data:
<?php foreach ($dados_programacao_painel as $key => $programacao_painel) { ?>
<?php
$sql_conteudo = "SELECT programacao.*, programacao_traducao.* FROM programacao JOIN programacao_traducao on (programacao.programacao_id = programacao_traducao.programacao_id)WHERE programacao_traducao.idioma_id = :idioma_id AND programacao.painel_id = '".$programacao_painel['painel_id']."' AND programacao.ativo = 1";
$dados_bind_conteudo = array('idioma_id'=>$idioma_id_atual);
$dados_programacao_conteudo = $db->query($sql_conteudo, $dados_bind_conteudo);

...

<?php } ?>

I want to bring the news grouped by panel. Could anyone help me, please?


Purchase this product now and earn 273 Points!
Purusline Living Plus 800 for Vinyl flooring with Low outlet and stainless steel Chess grate, complete with NOOD no-odour water trap, 50mm to 1½" push fit to solvent weld ABS adapter and concrete installation kit.
For joist installations, we recommend installing with a Linear Self-Supporting Wetroom Former Tray.


Livestock inspections are the bane of many farmers lives. Gemma Claxton asks John Burne, head of Compliance and Guidance at the Rural Payments Agency, what farmers should expect when their turn comes and how they can avoid penalties and loss of income.
John Burne leads teams of inspectors across England which carried out more than 11,000 inspections in 2013. Cross compliance breaches were found on just over 800 of these.
However, not all inspections carry a cross compliance check. Farmers Weekly put some questions to Mr Burne.
So what exactly do you inspect?
That depends on the type of inspection which is taking place, and the inspector will normally tell you what the inspection is for when they contact you. We often focus on a few things, such as land, agricultural features or livestock.
For example, an inspector carrying out a cattle inspection will look at the cattle, their ear tags, passports and farm records to check that the rules for identifying cattle are being met. However, they also have to report any obvious breaches of regulations that they notice elsewhere.
So what happens during an inspection?
The first thing we'll do is explain why we're there, how long it will take and what we need to see. We will try to start working on something initially, such as looking through records or inspecting fields, so that farmers can reorganise their day if they have to.
We will do all we can to reduce any disruption and concerns a farmer may have about an inspection. We are also happy to discuss any compliance issues with the farmer.
What is the purpose of sheep inspections?
Everyone who keeps sheep has to meet important regulations, and these inspections are carried out to check that the rules are being met.
We have to ensure farmers are recording and reporting sheep and goat births, movements and deaths correctly, and that they are doing what they need to with ear tags.
We will look at sheep, goats, and relevant farm records, including Animal Movements Licensing System (AMLS) licences. We have to inspect at least 3% of sheep and goat keepers and 5% of the national flock each year. About 13% of those to be inspected are selected at random and the rest are chosen on the basis of risk.
Many sheep farmers also claim under the Single Payment Scheme. If they do, one of the conditions is that they have to meet the sheep regulations or the payment will be reduced (these rules are known as Cross Compliance).
Where does the information gathered during the inspection go?
The British Cattle Movement Service (BCMS) take the results and check details against the national databases.
When a sheep farmer also claims for the Single Payment Scheme, then the information gathered during inspections is used to help decide if any reductions need to be made to the claim.
Is a 30-minute notice period standard and why is it that short?
In many cases we are required by legislation not to give any warning and where we can give some notice it is likely to be less than 48 hours.
We appreciate that 30 minutes may seem like short notice and we realise it can cause some inconvenience to farmers. We always try to minimise disruption and sometimes, we will be able to combine different visits.
How quickly can the farmer expect to know the results of the inspection and what the penalty is?
Once we have carried out at inspection we will explain the findings to the farmer. They are often present while the inspection is being carried out, so they will have a good idea what has happened.
However, we won't fully know the results of the inspection until checks have been completed back in the office.
In terms of financial penalties, these would only apply to those sheep farmers who also claim SPS and certain rural development schemes.
The impact there (if any) would be assessed when that year's claim is processed, so the timing will depend on when the inspection takes place against the annual cycle of processing SPS claims, but the farmer will be notified by letter.
At the end of the inspection we also give farmers a feedback form that they can fill in to tell us what they think of the inspection. It is useful to receive feedback so that we can continue to refine and improve our customer service.
What are the key things sheep farmers are currently failing on?
Finally, sheep not being tagged or being incorrectly tagged.
What can farmers do to avoid these common pitfalls?
For livestock inspections, it may be necessary to bring animals in so we can inspect them safely. Having good handling facilities usually makes for a more efficient and speedy inspection and reduces the risks for all involved.
Keeping up to date with paperwork is essential. A lot of the guidance we produce now also helps to point out the main areas that farmers need to focus on.
Both the Cross Compliance Guidance in England and the guidance for sheep and goat keepers can be found online, at www.rpa.defra.gov.uk and at www.gov.uk respectively.
However, if anyone needs further assistance colleagues at the farming advice service are on hand to help on 0845 345 1302.
Sheep farmers need to pay attention to detail when recording movements and animal ID to avoid penalties on Single Farm Payments (SFP).
Cambridgeshire sheep farmer and pesticide consultant, Patrick Goldsworthy (below), says he fell foul of the law following a recent Rural Payments Agency (RPA) inspection.
"I felt I was at low risk of inspection, I have Red Tractor status and I'm a small business with few animals in the South East, so I was surprised to receive a phone call saying the inspector would be with me in 30 minutes," he says.
The inspector was on the farm over two days looking at records and sheep, with the following concerns picked up by the RPA.
In response to their findings, Mr Goldsworthy believes there is a lack of guidance on how to comply with the inspection. He says it should be more discretionary and based more on common sense as it was very "nit-picky" and so easy to find fault. In several instances, information was available but not on the computer printout shown to the inspector and so recorded as a failure.
"Because of the level of detail and the inflexibility of the inspection regime, it's hard for sheep farmers not to get a penalty," says Mr Goldsworthy.
The decision not to tag the sick lambs was one of animal welfare. "I was not prepared to tag them in the condition that they were in as it would've caused more stress," he adds.
Mr Goldsworthy has recently received his SFP with a 5% deduction.
"While my reduction is small and I will be able to cover it, I wonder whether large commercial farmers who run their businesses according to SFP would be able to do the same? A major failure could cripple their businesses," he says.
As it happens, the biggest cost to Mr Goldsworthy was his time as the flock is only part of his working life, he lost hours of earnings from his consultancy business.
He describes the whole experience of being "bounced" as one of the most stressful things he's ever been through.
"I'm not sure what's best, to be given more warning of an inspection and have sleepless nights or less notice but go through acute stress," he says.


This stuff is pretty amazing. It's clear it's a Make Up For Ever Aqua Rouge dupe, and I actually like it better than MUFE. It goes on easily, is comfortable to wear, doesn't transfer onto coffee mugs and lasts a crazy long time. My only complaint: I don't think the finish looks as pretty as some other lipsticks I've tried.
This stuff stays put all day long and never gets uncomfortable. In fact, I assumed it had worn off after lunch because my lips felt bare, but it was still going strong -- like I'd just applied it. I can't find anything to dislike about this non-transferring lip color. It's a steal.
I LOVE this long-lasting lipstick. I was honestly shocked when I didn't have to reapply it two hours later, or after lunch, or after snacking and drinking cups on cups of tea all day. The color remained beautiful and vibrant, and didn't need to be reapplied. The inner part of my lip (often the moister part of the lip) even held it's color, whereas with many other lipsticks -- it doesn't hold up. SO IMPRESSED. I will buy this forever.


text:
Fulham vs Chelsea: Betting Tips
Soccer player kicks the ball vigorously at the stadium
Chelsea 1/1
Draw 5/2
Fulham 11/4
Fulham are in their best form since the start of the season whilst Chelsea is struggling like never before.
Fulham, who only got promoted last season, has had a great season so far, with confidence and team spirit at an all time high. And although many were wondering whether the team could keep it together following the World Cup break, Silva's men have proved the doubters wrong with four wins since the restart of the season and a defence that's appears to be stronger than ever.
Meanwhile, Chelsea is struggling in a way we haven't seen this team down for year. And despite some key signings, including Graham Potter, they can't turn things around.
Right before the World Cup, Chelsea ended with four defeats in five games and now, after the WC, the situation is even worse. The team has a couple of wins in the last 15 games and they need immediate results.
However, Fulham have the weakest defence in the Premier League, ranking last in expected goals conceded. But the team makes up for it in attack: according to the expected goals scored, they take the 6th place in the league.
The team prefers to act as the second number (47.3% possession across all PL matches this season), which makes it possible to stretch the opponent's team across the field and free up dangerous areas in front of his goal in order to carry out a quick attack. By the number of average direct attacks per game, the hosts take the 5th place in the entire league.
Frustratingly for Fulham, the team's top scorer, Aleksander Mitrovic, will miss the upcoming match due to too many yellow cards. Of all the team's goals, 42% were scored by the Serbian striker.
This is not the first game of the season he has missed. But in all the games he missed, Fulham lost and scored an average of just 1 goal.
Chelsea have not been able to demonstrate quality football after the return of English football after the World Cup. Apart from them win over the outsiders Bournemouth, Chelsea have failed to produce good results and recently suffered another massive defeat to Man City.
Both Teams To Score Prediction: Yes
We expect a massive game here and there is no guarantee that either team will win it. In each case, we definitely see Fulham scoring a goal or even more and the real problem is whether Chelsea will find the net with their current form. The team has one win in all ten most recent games in English tournaments and in quite a few of those, they failed to score.
Double Chance Prediction: Fulham or Draw
We do not think that Fulham will lose this game with their current form. Of course, there is a huge difference in those two teams but even with the obvious class of Chelsea, they are going through their biggest crisis in a while. On the other side, Fulham are in a series of four wins in a row in all tournaments since the restart after the World Cup and they have conceded but a single goal to date.
Correct Score Prediction: 1:1 Draw
Perhaps Chelsea will find a way to get at least a point from this match. Fulham are not that much stronger and they generally faced four weaker teams to date while Chelsea had two games against Manchester City. This is the time to shine and we think that Chelsea will get a point.
Click on the offers below to help you pick the best odds
Derby Weekend Bets Specials


text:
Q: Wheeden-Zygmund exercise Define $\limsup_{k \rightarrow \infty}a_k$ and $\liminf_{k \rightarrow \infty}a_k$ by
$$\limsup_{k \rightarrow \infty}a_k = \lim_{j\rightarrow \infty}b_j = \inf_{j}\{\sup_{k\geq j}a_k \} $$
$$\liminf_{k \rightarrow \infty}a_k = \lim_{j\rightarrow \infty}c_j = \sup_{j}\{\inf_{k\geq j}a_k \}. $$
Prove that $L = \limsup_{k \rightarrow \infty}a_k$ if and only if $(i)$ there is a subsequence $\{a_{k_j} \}$ of $\{a_k\}$ which converges to $L$, and $(ii)$ if $L'>L$, there is an integer $K$ such that $a_k < L'$ for $k\geq K$.
My attempt: Let $b_j = \sup_{k\geq j}a_k$. $b_j$ is monotone decreasing and converges to his infimum $L$. Then $$\forall \varepsilon >0, \exists j_0: j\geq j_0 \Rightarrow |b_j - L| <\varepsilon/2. $$
Since $b_j=\sup_{k\geq j}a_k$, there exists $\{a_{k_j}\}$ such that $|a_{k_j} - b_j|<\varepsilon/2$ and the subsequence $\{a_{k_j}\}$ converges to $L$ by the triangle inequality.
Now let $L'>L$. Then, there exists $\varepsilon>0$ such that $L' = L+\varepsilon>b_{j_0} = \sup_{k \geq j_0} a_k$ for some $j_0$ since $L$ is the infimum of $b_j$. Then $L' > a_k$ takign $K=j_0$.
Is this correct? How can i finish the whole proof?

A: This is correct for one direction- i.e. you have shown that if $L=\lim \sup_{k\to\infty} a_k$ the (i) and (ii) hold. You now only need to show the opposite. It turns out that (i) implies $L\leq\lim \sup_{k\to\infty} a_k$ and (ii) implies $L\geq \lim \sup_{k\to\infty} a_k$, so you can do these separately. Aim to prove these statements indirectly e.g. the first inequality is the same as $\forall \epsilon, \lim\sup_{k\to\infty} a_k\geq L-\epsilon$.
Suppose first that (i) is true. This implies $\forall \epsilon, \exists j_0: j\geq j_0 \implies a_{k_j}\geq L-\epsilon$. Consider what this implies for the $b_{k_j}$. The other part is similar. Based on what you have done so far, you should be able to finish off from here.


text:
July 11 Rave Roundup for the 2019 Toronto Fringe Festival
July 11, 2019 Lin Young	Leave a comment
Week two of the 2019 Toronto Fringe Festival is upon us, and we're counting up our rave reviews from our hard-won list of 149 reviews of the entire (review-eligible) festival! Plenty of those shows have been marked as RAVES by our reviewers, and we're here today to highlight a few more of them!
What's a rave, you might ask? Simply put: our reviewer loved it. Sometimes a rave is 'I'd see that a second, third, fourth time'; sometimes a rave is 'I'm STILL thinking about this show days later'; sometimes it's as simple as 'I had a really fabulous time at this show.'
Really, it's all subjective, because theatre is subjective. These raves caught our reviewers' attention, though–perhaps they'll snag yours as well?
Death Ray Cabaret (Death Ray Cabaret)
What it's about: "Second City veterans Jordan Armstrong and Kevin Matviw are back from the Edinburgh Fringe with a quick-witted musical comedy show that explores everything from libraries to a graveyard bash."
Why our reviewer loved it: "If Death Ray Cabaret is "about" anything, it's modern anxiety, and the lengths we go to in order to convince ourselves that everything is fine; it's about the twisted absurdity that underlies our fears. But perhaps that's assigning too much meaning to things; really, it's just a solid hoot, so sit back and listen to some random, completely untrue facts."
Destiny, USA (Convection Productions)
What it's about: "From the creator of hit solo shows Pitch Blonde and The Homemaker! When Laura moves from Toronto to Syracuse, New York, she wasn't expecting to be residing in Trump's America. Gaining her first job as a relay operator for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing causes her to question if she can discover the hidden humanity of the American people. This production integrates ASL video performance featuring three Deaf actors, and closed captioning."
Why our reviewer loved it: "The show explores the idea that there's a lot of injustice in the world, and it's hard to stay passive…Destiny, USA is clearly a personal story for Harris, but she takes a more conversational approach to its heavier themes that I think makes it feel more universal. Things happen, life isn't fair, and the only takeaway is that we need to do better as people…It's direct, to the point, and I think spectacularly well-done."
Fuckboys the Musical (Generation Productions)
What it's about: "One part musical, one part rom-com and one part TED Talk, this show follows a group of four girlfriends through their Wednesday night karaoke get-togethers as they try to survive the epidemic known as 'fuckboys'."
Why our reviewer loved it: "Bring your girlfriends, your boyfriends, your parents, your dog (but not actually unless they are a trained support animal), and your neighbor to see this show. The music is tight, the writing is polished, and the jokes land. I laughed the whole time."
Drama 101, A New Musical (Bravo Academy for the Performing Arts)
What it's about: "When the students of Roselawn High School gather to celebrate the retirement of their favourite teacher, memories are shared, rivalries surface, and love blossoms. Featuring a cast of young artists ages 13-19, Drama 101 is a funny and heartwarming new musical about the joys and challenges of high school, theatre, and life."
Why our reviewer loved it: "The way Gallagher and Wong have written the show incorporating feedback from the young actors means those little slice-of-life moments and observations in the songs just ring through with so much clarity and feel so honest. The material really enables this talented young cast to shine. […] I found myself watching with a lump in my throat throughout much of the show, not because it was a particularly emotional moment on stage, but because I was experiencing pangs of nostalgia. This show brought me right back to my own high school drama days. "
Previous PostReview: Waitress (Mirvish)Next PostReview: The Tape Escape (Outside the March)


text:
Q: How to add latexbangla in book document class? When I am using the latexbangla package
\usepackage[banglamainfont=Kalpurush, banglattfont=Siyam Rupali,
feature=0, changecounternumbering=0]{latexbangla}.
\newfontfamily{\bengalifontsf}[Script=Bengali]{Noto Sans Bengali}

in the following book documentation class, the header footer is not working.
MWE:
 \documentclass[twoside,12pt,english]{book}
    %\usepackage[banglamainfont=Kalpurush, banglattfont=Siyam Rupali, feature=0, changecounternumbering=0]{latexbangla} % to write bengali in latex
    \usepackage{babel}
    \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
    \usepackage{color}
    \definecolor{marron}{RGB}{60,30,10}
    \definecolor{darkgray}{RGB}{0,80,0}
    \usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
    \usepackage{wallpaper}
    \usepackage{fancyhdr}

    \usepackage{geometry}
    \geometry{
    tmargin=5cm,
    bmargin=5cm,
    lmargin=5cm,
    rmargin=3cm,
    headheight=1.5cm,
    headsep=0.8cm,
    footskip=0.5cm}

    \usepackage{fourier-orns}

    \newcommand{\ornpar}{\noindent \textcolor{darkgray}{ \raisebox{-1.9pt}[10pt][10pt]{\leafright} \hrulefill \raisebox{-1.9pt}[10pt][10pt]{\leafright \decofourleft \decothreeleft  \aldineright \decotwo \floweroneleft \decoone}}}

    \makeatletter
    \def\headrule{{\color{darkgray}\raisebox{-2.1pt}[10pt][10pt]{\leafright} \hrulefill \raisebox{-2.1pt}[10pt][10pt]{~~~\decofourleft \decotwo\decofourright~~~} \hrulefill \raisebox{-2.1pt}[10pt][10pt]{ \leafleft}}}
    \makeatother

    \fancyhf{}

    \renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
    \renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{#1}}
   \newcommand{\estcab}[1]{\itshape\textcolor{marron}{\nouppercase #1}}
   \fancyhead[LO]{\estcab{\rightmark}} % malo cuando no hay section ~~~ \thesection
   \fancyfoot[RE]{\ornpar   \\ \large  \sffamily\bf \textcolor{darkgray}{\thepage ~~~ \reflectbox{\leafNE}}  \hfill}

    \pagestyle{fancy}

    \renewcommand{\footnoterule}{\vspace{-0.5em}\noindent\textcolor{marron}{\decosix \raisebox{2.9pt}{\line(1,0){100}} \lefthand} \vspace{.5em} }
    \usepackage[hang,splitrule]{footmisc}
    \addtolength{\footskip}{0.5cm}
    \setlength{\footnotemargin}{0.3cm}
    \setlength{\footnotesep}{0.4cm}

    %\newfontfamily{\bengalifontsf}[Script=Bengali]{Noto Sans Bengali}
    \begin{document}
    \tableofcontents

    \chapter{First Chapter}
    \newpage
    \section{New Section}
    \end{document}

Without using  latexbangla package, everything is working fine. But I want to use latexbangla and the header footer should be the same as below.

How do I do it?


The App Utility is a great way to access your Subsplash content.
JustReader is a minimalist RSS feeds reader integrated with Google Reader. If you're fond of scenery, transition effects and flips, maybe you should keep searching RSS readers. There are good apps on the market that focus on that. However, if you're focused on productivity, efficiency and faster access to your feeds, JustReader is what you need. Ju….
AiCiA is a IRC client for Android OS. - Supports multi-server. - 2-pane window view. - Supports body rotation. - Keep connection on background. · Become a Twitter client with TIG mode. This is a free version for use without a donation. You can also use the paid version for a donation.
Lovely dreaming girl. Blinking eyes, animated lights.


text:
"Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth but also supreme beauty - a beauty ... like that of sculpture." Bertrand Russell Tweet this quote
Did you know? Time since the end of the Devonian geologic period (359 million y) is 2.5 x Time since the end of the Jurassic geologic period (145 million y) Tweet this comparison
Other land in Iraq
Other land in Iraq (2011) (351,000 km^2)
/fact/other-land-in-iraq
If Other land in Iraq (2011) (351,000 km^2) was a standard unit ...
Land Area of Libya (1.76 km^2)...more would be 5 x Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Saudi Arabia (2011) (1.73 km^2)...more would be 5 x Other land in Iraq
Other land in Mali (2011) (690,000 km^2)...more would be 2 x Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Germany (357,000 km^2)...more would be about as big as Other land in Iraq
Forest in Tanzania (2011) (353,000 km^2)...more would be about as big as Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Turkmenistan (2011) (351,000 km^2)...more would be about as big as Other land in Iraq
Forest in Mozambique (2011) (349,000 km^2)...more would be about as big as Other land in Iraq
Other land in Central African Republic (2011) (347,000 km^2)...more would be about as big as Other land in Iraq
Forest in Paraguay (2011) (178,200 km^2)...more would be 1/2 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Uruguay (176,200 km^2)...more would be 1/2 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in United Kingdom (2011) (173,000 km^2)...more would be 1/2 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Guinea (2011) (142,800 km^2)...more would be 2/5 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Italy (2011) (141,900 km^2)...more would be 2/5 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Syria (2011) (140,400 km^2)...more would be 2/5 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Jordan (89,300 km^2)...more would be 1/4 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Ecuador (2011) (89,000 km^2)...more would be 1/4 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Belarus (2011) (88,600 km^2)...more would be 1/4 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Eritrea (2011) (88,300 km^2)...more would be 1/4 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Nigeria (2011) (87,800 km^2)...more would be 1/4 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Azerbaijan (86,600 km^2)...more would be 1/4 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Senegal (2011) (86,200 km^2)...more would be 1/4 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Zimbabwe (2011) (70,300 km^2)...more would be 1/5 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Ireland (70,300 km^2)...more would be 1/5 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Malawi (2011) (70,100 km^2)...more would be 1/5 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Angola (2014) (70,000 km^2)...more would be 1/5 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Georgia (69,700 km^2)...more would be 1/5 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Kenya (2011) (35,400 km^2)...more would be 1/10 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Benin (2011) (35,200 km^2)...more would be 1/10 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Uganda (2011) (35,000 km^2)...more would be 1/10 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Latvia (2011) (34,900 km^2)...more would be 1/10 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Portugal (2011) (34,800 km^2)...more would be 1/10 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Uganda (2011) (34,500 km^2)...more would be 1/10 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Uzbekistan (2011) (34,400 km^2)...more would be 1/10 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Kuwait (17,820 km^2)...more would be 1/20 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Sri Lanka (2011) (17,780 km^2)...more would be 1/20 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Armenia (2014) (17,760 km^2)...more would be 1/20 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Eritrea (2011) (17,760 km^2)...more would be 1/20 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Georgia (2011) (17,490 km^2)...more would be 1/20 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Hungary (2011) (17,300 km^2)...more would be 1/20 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Netherlands (2011) (14,170 km^2)...more would be 1/25 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Belize (2011) (13,920 km^2)...more would be 1/25 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Montenegro (13,810 km^2)...more would be 1/25 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Norway (2011) (8,740 km^2)...more would be 1/40 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Faroe Islands (1,393 km^2)...more would be 1/250 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Lebanon (2011) (1,390 km^2)...more would be 1/250 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Mauritius (2011) (890 km^2)...more would be 1/400 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Luxembourg (2011) (870 km^2)...more would be 1/400 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Singapore (2011) (688 km^2)...more would be 1/500 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Samoa (2011) (350 km^2)...more would be 1/1000 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Mauritius (2011) (350 km^2)...more would be 1/1000 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Bhutan (2011) (350 km^2)...more would be 1/1000 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Kiribati (2011) (349 km^2)...more would be 1/1000 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Grenada (344 km^2)...more would be 1/1000 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Grenada (2011) (172 km^2)...more would be 1/2000 of Other land in Iraq
Land Area of Wallis and Futuna (142 km^2)...more would be 1/2500 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Barbados (2011) (140.2 km^2)...more would be 1/2500 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Brunei (2011) (140 km^2)...more would be 1/2500 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Cayman Islands (2011) (139.7 km^2)...more would be 1/2500 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Marshall Islands (2011) (89.2 km^2)...more would be 1/4000 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in British Virgin Islands (2011) (70.5 km^2)...more would be 1/5000 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Kuwait (2011) (70 km^2)...more would be 1/5000 of Other land in Iraq
Land used for agriculture in Maldives (2011) (69.4 km^2)...more would be 1/5000 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Liechtenstein (2011) (69 km^2)...more would be 1/5000 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Anguilla (2014) (35.4 km^2)...more would be 1/10000 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Bermuda (2011) (35.2 km^2)...more would be 1/10000 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Pitcairn Islands (2011) (35 km^2)...more would be 1/10000 of Other land in Iraq
Forest in Isle of Man (2011) (34.9 km^2)...more would be 1/10000 of Other land in Iraq
Other land in Saint Lucia (2011) (34.5 km^2)...more would be 1/10000 of Other land in Iraq
Is That a Big Number? - the book - is now available from all good booksellers.
"This is a fun and riveting book. Written in an accessible and engaging way, it is unputdownable." Frost Magazine


text:
Sexual Assault has two levels at UMBC, Sexual Assault I and Sexual Assault II. It is defined as any act of non-consensual sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal, or oral) OR any act of non-consensual sexual contact (however slight) without consent.
Baltimore Human Trafficking Tip Line
This cross-functional work group addresses the complex issue of human trafficking in coordination with the County's Criminal Justice Coordinating Council (CJCC). The Work Group will take a victim-centered approach as they work to reduce trafficking and protect victims by providing them with the resources they need in partnership with a variety of organizations, including non-and regional counterparts across the state.
Maryland Coalition Against Sexual Assault
The mission of the Maryland Coalition Against Sexual Assault (MCASA) is to help prevent sexual assault, advocate for accessible, compassionate care for survivors of sexual violence, and work to hold offenders accountable.
Directory of Maryland Sexual Assault Crisis Centers
Maryland Sexual Assault Kit Initiative (Flyer),
notification@mcasa.org
Sexual Assault Legal Institute of Maryland
301-565-2277 or toll-free 877-496-7254
The Maryland Collaborative
The Maryland Collaborative seeks to reduce excessive college drinking and resulting social and economic costs by raising awareness of college student drinking as a statewide public health problem and by helping college communities implement effective policies and practices to reduce the problem.
TurnAround provides comprehensive services to survivors of domestic violence, sexual violence, and human trafficking in Baltimore City and Baltimore County, Maryland. TurnAround is the only organization in the Baltimore area with the mission, expertise, and capacity to work with this range of victimizations and we are the designated rape crisis center for those jurisdictions. In addition, TurnAround is one of Maryland's comprehensive domestic violence providers and runs a certified Abuser Intervention Program.
info@turnaroundinc.org
Women's Law Center of Maryland,
Provides help with sexual violence and intimate partner violence issues.
admin@wlcmd.org
Multi-Ethnic Domestic Violence Project (MEDOVI)
Provides immigration legal services to foreign-born Maryland residents who have experienced domestic violence, sexual assault and/or human sex trafficking
National:
Male Survivor- Male Sexual Assault & Abuse Support for Men
MaleSurvivor is an organization committed to preventing, healing, and eliminating all forms of sexual victimization of boys and men through support, treatment, research, education, advocacy, and activism.
free discussion forums
National Human Trafficking Hotline
The National Human Trafficking Hotline connects victims and survivors of sex and labor trafficking with services and supports to get help and stay safe.
Text: BeFree (233733)
Live chat: humantraffickinghotline.org
National Sexual Violence Resource Center
The National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC) is the leading nonprofit in providing information and tools to prevent and respond to sexual violence.
*Text 233733
1-888-373-7888 ( TTY: 711)
Directory of state coalitions
Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network (RAINN)
RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network) is the nation's largest anti-sexual violence organization. RAINN created and operates the National Sexual Assault Hotline (800.656.HOPE, online.rainn.org y rainn.org/es) in partnership with more than 1,000 local sexual assault service providers across the country and operates the DoD Safe Helpline for the Department of Defense. RAINN also carries out programs to prevent sexual violence, help survivors, and ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice.
Sexual Assault 24-hour hotline: 1-800-656-4673
Online chat hotline
Sexual Assault of Men and Boys
TurnAround, Inc.
Counseling and support services to victims of sexual assault and domestic violence.
24-hour hotline, Phone: 443-279-0379


If your prefer lighter bedroom furniture with its own distinguishing characteristics, then you will adore the Mansfield range of bedroom furniture.
The Mansfield 4 Piece Bedroom Suite by Debonaire Furniture features a beautiful, elegant two toned country look. This classical, captivating look has been beautifully created using a combination of Oak, Ash, MDF and Pine.
Suite consists of: Queen bed frame, 2 x bedside tables and a 7 drawer lowboy.
Please note: Price is for bedroom suite only. Tallboy and mirror pictured are not included in suite. Linen and accessories also not included.
Shop with confidence for your new bedroom suite at Harvey Norman.