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Na końcu świata (ros. Край) – rosyjski dramat obyczajowy z 2010 roku w reżyserii Aleksieja Uczitiela.

Opis fabuły
Syberia, jesień 1945 roku. Do niedużej stacji kolejowej pod nazwą Kraj (w oryginale tytuł filmu) przyjeżdża zdemobilizowany frontowiec Ignac – maszynista (przed wojną jeżdżący na superparowozach "IS"). Ignac szybko nawiązuje znajomość z miejscową pięknością Sofią i zamieszkuje wraz z nią i jej dzieckiem w położonym przy stacji osiedlu drwali. Jego mieszkańcy to przymusowi osiedleńcy – ludzie, którzy podczas wojny znaleźli się pod okupacją lub na terytorium niemieckim. Pomimo braku uprawnień, z braku rąk do pracy Ignac dostaje własny parowóz. Niestety, z powodu brawurowego wyścigu jaki urządził sobie parowozem chcąc pokazać swoje mistrzowskie umiejętności, naczelnik stacji zdejmuje go ze stanowiska. Wkrótce od miejscowego spekulanta Wowki Ignac dowiaduje się o zapomnianym parowozie stojącym za rzeką za zniszczonym wiaduktem. Postanawia sprowadzić go do Kraju. W tym celu udaje się tam drezyną i odnajduje zapuszczoną lokomotywę. Ma ona jednak swojego lokatora – jest nią Niemka Elza, kora przybyła do ZSRR wiosną 1940 wraz z ojcem inżynierem i jego współpracownikiem Gustawem i jako jedyna uciekła NKWD podczas próby aresztowania rok później. Przeżyła w parowozie 4 lata, nie zna języka, nie widziała ludzi, nie wie nawet, że była wojna. Ignac – zdolny maszynista uruchamia parowóz, zabiera ze sobą Elzę, przy jej pomocy prowizorycznie naprawia wiadukt i szczęśliwie sprowadza pojazd na stację. W nagrodę otrzymuje parowóz jako maszynista. Elza natomiast spotyka się z ogólną wrogością mieszkańców osady dla których jest znienawidzoną Niemką. Wyobcowana i przeganiana, zamieszkuje w parowozie Ignaca, któremu nadaje imię "Gustaw". Zostaje na nim palaczem i zbliża się do Ignaca. Pomiędzy obojgiem tak różnych sobie ludzi, którzy nawet nie potrafią się porozumieć szybko wybucha prawdziwe uczucie. Jednak mieszkańcom osady niemieckie imię lokomotywy, Elza i jej związek z Ignacem coraz bardziej się nie podoba. Nie bez znaczenia są tu zranione uczucia porzuconej Sofii i ubiegającego się bez powodzenia o jej względy Stiepana, który w Igancu widzi swojego głównego konkurenta. Podczas ogólnej libacji w osadzie, jaka ma miejsce z okazji potrącenia przez parowóz Siepana wielkiego niedźwiedzia, dochodzi do zamieszek i próby linczu Ignaca i Elzy. Całemu zajściu zapobiega pożar jaki wybucha w osadzie oraz przybycie majora NKWD Fiszmana. Stary czekista, dowiadując się, że w osiedlu zamieszkuje Niemka i niemieckie dziecko (chłopczyk Sofii, przygarnięty przez nią podczas pobytu w Niemczech), przybywa by ich aresztować. Obydwoje zamyka w towarowym wagonie, zabija próbującą bronić malca Sofię i terroryzuje mieszkańców. Następnie próbuje odjechać wraz z "aresztantami", ale stary maszynista odmawia jazdy po tym co zrobił major. Fiszman sam rusza parowozem. W tym czasie nadjeżdża Ignac, który wraz z lokomotywą był poza osadą. Podejmuje pościg za majorem i wyprzedza go na mijance, udowadniając jednocześnie, że to co zawsze twierdził o możliwościach parowozu typu "O", który obsługuje, było prawdą – osiąga prędkość 75 km/h. Zastępuje swoim parowozem tor "Fiszmanowi" (jak się okazuje nie było to nazwisko majora, ale nazwa parowozu – FSz-M, którym ten się przemieszczał) i doprowadza do kolizji. Obydwaj maszyniści – NKWD-ysta i Ignac – wychodzą z niej cało. W pojedynku do jakiego następnie dochodzi pomiędzy nimi zwycięża Ignac – uderza majora w głowę szybkościomierzem ze swojego parowozu, pozbawiając go przytomności i jak się później okazuje pamięci. W ostatniej scenie filmu Ignac, Elza i Paszka odjeżdżają na drezynie ku nowemu życiu. Jak mówi po rosyjsku głos Elzy zza kadru, założyli dom, załatwili sobie nowe dokumenty, Elza udaje niemowę i urodziła Ignacowi jeszcze troje dzieci.

Główne role
 Władimir Maszkow – Ignac
 Alieksiej Gorbunow – naczelnik stacji
 Siergiej Garmasz – major NKWD ("Fiszman")
 Anjorka Strechel – Elza
 Aleksandr Baszyrow – Wowka
 Julia Pieriesild – Sofia
 Ruben Karapietian – stary maszynista
 Wiaczesław Krikunow – Stiepan

O filmie
Na końcu świata był jednym z głośniejszych filmów rosyjskich roku 2010. Zrealizowany kosztem 12 mln dolarów, przez znanego reżysera z udziałem gwiazdy rosyjskiego kina Władimira Maszkowa w roli głównej. W ciągu pierwszego weekendu wyświetlania zarobił w Rosji prawie 2 mln dolarów. Otrzymał najbardziej prestiżową nagrodę świata filmu rosyjskiego – "Złotego Orła" w czterech kategoriach (za najlepszą reżyserię, najlepszą rolę męską, najlepszą rolę żeńską i najlepszą drugoplanowa rolę żeńską). Był nominowany do Złotego Globu i wysunięty przez Rosję jako kandydat do nominacji Oscara w kategorii najlepszy film nieanglojęzyczny za rok 2010.
9 grudnia 2010 na Warszawskim Międzynarodowym Festiwalu Filmowym miała miejsce oficjalna premiera filmu w Polsce.

Film nie był kręcony na Syberii lecz w okolicach St. Petersburga. Scenariusz do filmu przerabiano 109 razy.

W filmie praktycznie nie występują efekty specjalne oparte na grafice komputerowej, np. scena przejazdu parowozu Ignaca przez walący się wiadukt jest autentyczna.

Parowozy serii "FSz-M", nazywane w filmie "Fiszmanami" w rzeczywistości nigdy nie istniały. W filmie wykorzystano parowóz serii "SO" typ 18-2018.

Parowozy użyte w filmie
 Eu 683-32 (rok produkcji 1928)
 SO 18-2018 (rok produkcji 1941)
 Ow 324 (rok produkcji 1905)

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Plakat do filmu

 Recenzja filmu na portalu Esensja

Rosyjskie dramaty filmowe
Rosyjskie filmy obyczajowe
Rosyjskie filmy z 2010 roku
Rosyjskie filmy zgłoszone do rywalizacji o Oscara w kategorii filmu nieanglojęzycznego
Filmy w reżyserii Aleksieja Uczitiela

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Cameron Gayleard
Cameron is a proud Métis from the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews, Manitoba. Cameron is currently a varsity athlete competing for Canadian Mennonite University in Winnipeg, MB. Cameron was previously the captain of the Selkirk Royals AAAA Varsity Boys Volleyball team as well as a bronze medalist in the Volleyball Manitoba's Beach Provincials. "Having someone with the level of respect leadership, skills and admiration of his peers that Cameron has is unique these days," said Jeff Scarcello, Royals club coach.
Lyric Atchison
Lyric is a First Nation athlete from the Squamish Nation. Lyric is currently a starting line varsity rugby player for the University of British Columbia and played on Team Canada U20 Team at the 2019 Tri-Nations Cup. "Lyric has true commitment to bettering herself and the others around her and sees sport as a vehicle to do so," said Darcy Patterson of BC Rugby. "Lyric's ambition to pursue higher level sport are also accompanied by her drive and dedication to excel academically."
Jocelyn Larocque
Jocelyn is a proud Metis athlete, as well as a member of the Canadian Women's Olympic Hockey Team and was the top-scoring defenseman in the Gold Medal Game at the 2014 Olympic Winter Games in Sochi. She values her part as a role model and hopes her accomplishments inspire young girls to achieve their dreams in sports.
Michael Linklater
Michael is a proud Nehiyaw who plays 3x3 Basketball and is ranked 38th internationally and 1st in Canada with prospects to attend the upcoming 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. He brings his Indigenous heritage everywhere he goes to inspire boys within the indigenous community to embrace their heritage with his Boys with Braids foundation.
James Lavallee
James is a member of the Junior National Canoe/Kayak team, a proud Metis, loves the outdoors and is currently studying Environmental Science at the University of Manitoba.
"James Lavallee demonstrates daily the positive attributes of being a leader. James quietly leads by example and speaks volumes by his actions" explained Dave Anderson, Team Manitoba Canada Games head coach. "James has a deep respect for all aspects of his sport. As James has grown, he has become more aware of his heritage and embraced it. This self-awareness of who he is seems fitting for someone in a water sport, as his respect for the environment plays a daily role in his life."
Joy Spearchief-Morris
Joy is a role model both on and off the field. She is both a multi-sport athlete and track and field champion, recently graduated with a Bachelor of Arts Degree with a major in History and minor in First Nations Studies from University of Western Ontario, is Academic All-Canadian student athlete and is an active volunteer within the Indigenous community.
"On the track she was an OUA 1st team All-star and CIS 1st team All-Canadian multiple years. She has also found time to volunteer where she is most passionate and has been an incredible role model to indigenous youth", described Vickie Croley, Head Track and Field Coach, Western University.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Cromwell Adds $472K 'East Village' Property to Portfolio
Cromwell Architects Engineers of Little Rock has added to its holdings along East Sixth Street, an area targeted for revitalization that its backers are calling "East Village."
The architecture firm, through its limited liability corporation called 1212 East Sixth and led by Dan Fowler, has purchased a nearly 22,000-SF warehouse at 1212 E. 6th St. for $472,500.
The deal closed on Wednesday, according to Moses Tucker Real Estate of Little Rock, which represented the buyer. The seller was Ron King of ROP LLC.
Moses Tucker and Cromwell aim to revitalize the long-neglected eastern part of downtown Little Rock. In October, the two announced Cromwell's purchase of five tracts at 6th and Shall streets that made up the former Stebbins and Roberts properties. The land lies east of Interstate 30 and just south of Heifer International's world headquarters.
Cromwell plans to move its headquarters into a 50,000-SF renovated space at 6th and Shall Street in 2017. Charley Penix, CEO of Cromwell, has called the area "the new River Market and Main Street," and hopes to attract restaurants and apartments to the project, as well.
The firm did not spell out plans for the newly purchased 1212 E. 6th building, saying only that it would add it to its larger "redevelopment and revitalization plan" for the district.
"It has the grit and feel that makes this neighborhood so special," Fowler, director of finance and business development of Cromwell Architects Engineers, said in a news release. "And it gives us the ability to meet the surge in demand for retail and office space that we have seen recently."
The area has been seeing other signs of life. Lost Forty Brewing has operated in a warehouse at 501 Byrd St. since December 2014. Phil Brandon's Rock Town Distillery opened craft liquor production and taste-testing tours in leased quarters at 1216 E. Sixth in September 2010. Rebel Kettle Brewing & Tap Room, which opened in March, produces batches of beer at 822 E. Sixth St.
Click here to read more from Arkansas Business.
Cromwell Architects Engineers
Arkansas Business


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Fruits and Vegetables are Good For You, Pretty or Ugly
Filed Under: Uncategorized by — Comments Off on Fruits and Vegetables are Good For You, Pretty or Ugly
UK grocery stores are stocking their shelves with odd-looking vegetables and produce this season following a horrible growing season.
This past growing season has been characterized as one of the driest Marches and one of the wettest Junes in almost six decades, which has reduced the fruit and vegetable harvest in UK by more than 25% compared to previous seasons. As a result, some grocery stores cannot provide attractive, blemish-free fruits and vegetables to their consumers. This growing season's vegetables had been described by The Guardian as "Knobbly carrots, wonky spuds, bent courgettes and discoloured cauliflowers."
UK grocery stores and fruit and vegetable distributors are governed by the European Union food regulations. The Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 543/2011 details the rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 in respect to fruits and vegetables and processed fruits and vegetables. Regulation (EU) No 543/2011 outlines the specific marketing standards for many fruits and vegetables and the General Marketing Standard that applies to other fruits and vegetables. The specific standards fall in line with the internationally agreed UNECE standards. According to the EU regulations, fruits and vegetables sold in the UK must be intact, sound, clean, free from pest, free from damage, free of abnormal external moisture, free of any foreign smell/taste, be able to withstand transport, be able to meet maturity requirements, and other factors.
Grocery stores in the UK usually increase their own standards on which fruits and vegetables that they will allow to be sold in their stores. But, Sainsbury has "relaxed its rules" of the cosmetic factors of their fruits and vegetables. Food that otherwise would have been rejected is now in the produce section. "The unpredictable weather this season, has left growers with bumper crops of ugly-looking fruit and vegetables with reported increases in blemishes and scarring, as well as shortages due to later crops. We've committed to make use of all fruit and veg that meets regulation and stands up on taste, and hope customers will help us all make the most of the British crop in spite of its sometimes unusual appearance," said Judith Batchelar, director of Sainsbury's food. Morrisons and Waitrose, other supermarkets, have also "relaxed" their standards.
Grocery stores, like Sainsbury, are being praised by groups, such as the UK Soil Association and food and poverty campaigners, because in the past good fruit and vegetables have been rejected because of its appearance. Fruits and vegetables with blemishes and discolor do not fewer nutrients than 'pretty' fruits and vegetables. The UK Soil Association estimated that 20-40% of produce grown in the UK are rejected, which the food and poverty campaigners are labeling as food waste.
Even though it was environmentally forced, supermarkets in the UK are creating less food waste by not placing so much weight on the aesthetics of the fruits and vegetables that they sell in their stores.
« Et Tu, European Union? The EU's Plan to Cull the Seal Population When Good Guys Do Bad Things – Trespassing in "Young Justice" »
Tags: EU Food Regulations, EU Produce Regulations, European Union, Regulation No 543/2011, UK, UK Grocery Stores
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World's biggest wealth fund blacklists Canadian Natural Resources, Cenovus, Suncor and Imperial Oil for carbon emissions
Gwladys Fouche and Terje Solsvik
Published May 12, 2020 Updated May 13, 2020
This article was published more than 6 months ago. Some information in it may no longer be current.
Upgrading plant at the Suncor Energy Oil Sands project near Fort McMurray, Alberta on June 13, 2017.
Larry MacDougal/The Associated Press
Norway's $1 trillion wealth fund is excluding some of the world's biggest commodities firms from its portfolio for their use and production of coal, including Glencore and Anglo American.
Underlining the growing role of climate considerations for long-term investors, the fund is also excluding German utility RWE, South African petrochemicals firm Sasol and Dutch company AGL Energy over their use of coal.
Norway's parliament agreed in June 2019 to toughen existing limits on coal investments by the world's largest wealth fund by excluding companies that mined more than 20 million tonnes of coal a year or generated more than 10 gigawatts of power from coal.
The fund held stocks worth $1.6-billion in such companies at the end of 2019, according to fund data. Wednesday's announcement is the first to show the tougher rules being applied.
The fund, set up in 1996 to save Norway's oil revenues for future generations, now holds about 1.5% of globally listed shares and its decisions are often followed by other investors. It sells holdings before announcing any exclusions to avoid excessive market moves.
The fund put another set of companies – BHP, Uniper, Enel and Vistra Energy – under observation for possible exclusion later if they did not address their use or production of coal.
The value of holdings in this group stood at $3.9 billion at the end of last year.
"This is good news that the biggest producers of coal in absolute terms are finally out of the fund," Else Hendel, acting environmental policy leader at green group WWF Norway, told Reuters.
EXCESSIVE EMISSIONS
The fund, which operates under ethical guidelines set by parliament, also said it was excluding four Canadian oil companies for producing excessive greenhouse gas emissions, the first time it has used that reason to blacklist firms.
Canadian Natural Resources, Cenovus Energy, Suncor Energy and Imperial Oil were excluded for "acts or omissions that on an aggregate company level lead to unacceptable greenhouse gas emissions," it said.
The fund held stock worth $1.15 billion in these companies at the end of 2019.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said, in response to the fund's exclusion of the four, that many oil companies understood the investment climate was changing because of concerns about climate change.
Excessive greenhouse gas emissions became a criterion for exclusion four years ago. But the central bank, the fund's ethics watchdog and the finance ministry took time to agree on what constituted an unacceptable amount of emissions.
Wednesday's announcement opens the way for more companies to be excluded on those grounds.
The head of the fund's ethics watchdog told Reuters in March that, once the first ones were published, others companies would follow. Concrete and steel firms have also been probed, he said, without naming them.
COMPANIES RESPOND
Responding to the announcement, Anglo American said: "We are working towards an exit from our remaining thermal coal operations in South Africa, ensuring that we do so responsibly."
"We continue to examine suitable opportunities for our minority stake in Cerrejon," it said, referring to a Colombian mining venture with BHP, Anglo American and Glencore.
Sasol said it was implementing an "emission-reduction framework underpinned by short and medium-term targets," although it said coal would continue to play role in South Africa during a transition to lower-carbon energy sources.
Enel said it was developing its business in line with the Paris climate accords, which seek to limit the rise in global temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius and cut emissions to zero by 2050.
Uniper said it was in a dialogue with the fund about being under observation for possible exclusion.
"Uniper in its strategic new focus has presented a clear exit plan from coal and aims for climate-neutral power production in Europe by 2035," said a company spokesman.
RWE said it had cut carbon dioxide emissions by 90 million tonnes since 2012 and committed itself to becoming climate neutral by 2040. It was investing around 5 billion euros in the expansion of renewables up to 2022.
"Instead of quantitative stock-taking, the speed with which a company changes should be considered in our view," said the company spokesman. "Already today, we are among the globally leading companies for renewable energies."
Glencore declined to comment.
BHP, AGL Energy and Vistra Energy were not immediately available to comment.
Canadian Natural Resources, Cenovus Energy, Suncor Energy and Imperial Oil did not respond to requests for comment after market hours.
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Research into other areas within travel which TICK.io could bring benefit to.


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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › District Courts › Colorado › District of Colorado › 1994 › United States v. Broderick Inv. Co.
United States v. Broderick Inv. Co., 862 F. Supp. 272 (D. Colo. 1994)
U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado - 862 F. Supp. 272 (D. Colo. 1994)
862 F. Supp. 272 (1994)
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff,
BRODERICK INVESTMENT COMPANY; Tom H. Connolly, as Trustee; and Burlington Northern Railroad Company, Defendants.
No. 86-Z-369.
United States District Court, D. Colorado.
August 26, 1994.
*273 *274 William G. Pharo, Asst. U.S. Atty., Civ. Div., Denver, CO, Jerel L. Ellington, Environment and Natural Resources Div., Environmental Enforcement Section, Denver, CO, Kenneth W. Patterson, Office of Enforcement (LE-134S), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, Richard L. Sisk, Office of Regional Counsel, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Denver, CO, for plaintiff.
William C. Robb, Gregory A. Ruegsegger, Dufford & Brown, P.C., Denver, CO, for defendant Tom H. Connolly.
Brooke Jackson, John F. Shepherd, Frank P. Prager, Holland & Hart, Denver, CO, for defendant Broderick Inv. Co.
Gary E. Parish, Robert J. Potrykus, Jr., Popham, Haik, Schnobrich & Kaufman, Ltd., Denver, CO, for defendant Burlington Northern R. Co.
WEINSHIENK, District Judge.
This action was brought by the United States under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation And Liability Act (CERCLA), 42 U.S.C. § 9601 et seq. The United States is seeking a money judgment to obtain reimbursement of response costs already incurred during the cleanup of groundwater and soil contamination at the Broderick Wood Products Superfund Site (Site), and a declaratory judgment that the defendants are jointly and severally liable for future response costs. Broderick Wood Products Company (BWP), predecessor of defendant Broderick Investment Company (BIC), operated a wood treatment plant on the Site, located in the Platte River Valley near downtown Denver, from 1948 to 1982. BWP's treatment process required use and disposal of hazardous substances, including creosote, at the Site throughout the operating period. See Stipulation No. 12.
On October 28, 1993, the Court granted the United States' motion for summary judgment against defendants BIC and Tom Connolly, as Trustee, finding them liable under CERCLA as owners or operators. The Court held a bench trial on the liability of the remaining defendant, Burlington Northern Railroad Company (BN), on April 11, 12, and 13, 1994, and June 21, 22, and 29, 1994.
*275 A. Determination Of CERCLA Liability And Validity Of Affirmative Defense
The issues tried April 11-13 were whether defendant Burlington Northern Railroad Company (BN) is liable under CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. § 9607(a) (2), for response costs incurred by the United States at the Site, and whether BN's affirmative defenses were valid.
Four elements for liability under CERCLA are outlined by 42 U.S.C. § 9607: (1) the site at issue is a facility; (2) there has been a release or threat of release of a hazardous substance; (3) the United States incurred costs in response to this release or threat of release; and (4) defendant is a responsible party as defined by 42 U.S.C. § 9607(a).
There is no dispute regarding the first three elements; the only issue is whether BN is a responsible party, and if so whether any defenses apply. The categories of responsible parties are: the owner or operator of the facility, the owner or operator at the time of disposal of the hazardous material, a generator who arranged for disposal at the facility, or a transporter of hazardous waste to the facility.
BN's liability depends on whether it is an owner of a 17.5 acre parcel of land on the western side of the Site (Parcel). The boundaries of the Parcel are described in Exhibit 68. Plaintiff claims that BN's predecessor in interest, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad (CBQRR), obtained ownership of the Parcel through a 1908 deed from the Denver, Utah and Pacific Railroad Company (DUPRR). See Exhibits 33 and BU. While the Deed does not specifically describe the Parcel, it does contain some general language which the government argued conveyed all properties owned by DUPRR to CBQRR.
BN contends that CBQRR did not know about the alleged ownership interest until 1963, when BWP contacted CBQRR about a possible trespass on the Parcel by several holding ponds built at the Site by BWP. BWP then leased the property from CBQRR, until October 30, 1969, when CBQRR quitclaimed to BWP any interest it might have in the property. See Exhibits 4 and E. BWP paid $53,100 for the quitclaim deed.
For the reasons stated in the Court's ruling from the bench on April 13, 1994, the Court finds that BN's predecessor, CBQRR, owned the Parcel from 1908 through 1969. Although the 1908 Deed was ambiguous, the United States proved by a preponderance of the evidence that title passed to CBQRR under that Deed. Since CBQRR was an owner of the Parcel at the time the hazardous material was disposed of, BN, as successor to CBQRR, is liable under 42 U.S.C. § 9607(a) (2).
The Court further finds that BN failed to meet its burden of proving the elements of the "innocent landowner defense" set forth at 42 U.S.C. § 9607(b) (3), which states that there shall be no liability for
a person otherwise liable who can establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the release ... of a hazardous substance and the damages resulting therefrom were caused solely by ... an act or omission of a third party other than an employee or agent of the defendant, or than one whose act or omission occurs in connection with a contractual relationship, existing directly or indirectly, with the defendant.
BN is "otherwise liable," as an owner, the contamination was caused solely by a third party, BWP, and BWP was not an agent or employee of BN or CBQRR. However, CBQRR was in a contractual relationship with BWP. Although a copy of the lease was not entered in evidence, the Court heard James Bollig testify that he believed he saw such a lease. See Reporter's Transcript, Trial To Court, filed May 9, 1994, at 105. BN acknowledged that there was "some form of agreement between 1964-9 between CBQRR and Broderick Wood Products and that Broderick Wood Products paid CBQRR annual payments of $600," from December, 1964, to December, 1968. See Stipulation No. 21. At trial, defendant's counsel clarified this Stipulation by stating that the "$600 annual payments were made by Broderick Wood Products to CB & Q for the rental or use of the property adjacent to the Broderick Wood Products site." Reporter's Transcript, Trial To Court, filed May 9, 1994, at 101. This is *276 an admission to the existence of a lease arrangement for the Parcel.
Even if the Court accepted the argument that CBQRR did not know it owned the property until 1963, and the Court thinks this assertion is questionable, the rental of land by CBQRR to BWP from 1963 to 1969 was a contractual relationship, and CBQRR knew of the disposal of hazardous wastes on its land during the period of the contract. Therefore, the innocent landowner defense is not available to BN.
B. Divisibility
The issues tried on June 21-22 and 29 were whether BN is jointly and severally liable for all response costs incurred by the United States, and if BN is not jointly and severally liable for all response costs, for which harm is BN liable.
Although joint and several liability is commonly imposed in CERCLA cases, it is not mandatory; a limited defense is available based upon the common law doctrine of divisibility of harm. See O'Neil v. Picillo, 883 F.2d 176, 178-79 (1st Cir. 1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1071, 110 S. Ct. 1115, 107 L. Ed. 2d 1022 (1990); United States v. Chem-Dyne, 572 F. Supp. 802, 808 (S.D.Ohio 1983). The defense is based on the Restatement (Second) Torts § 433A. See, e.g., U.S. v. Alcan Aluminum, 964 F.2d 252, 268-69 (3d Cir. 1992); U.S. v. Monsanto, 858 F.2d 160, 171-73 (4th Cir.1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1106, 109 S. Ct. 3156, 104 L. Ed. 2d 1019 (1989). Under this section of the Restatement, where two or more joint tortfeasors act independently and cause a distinct or single harm for which there is a reasonable basis for division according to the contribution of each, then each is liable only for damages for its own portion of the harm. But where each tortfeasor causes a single indivisible harm, then damages are not apportioned and each is liable in damages for the entire harm. In re: Matter of Bell Petroleum Services, Inc., 3 F.3d 889 (5th Cir.1993). See also U.S. v. Alcan Aluminum Corp., 990 F.2d 711, 722 (2d Cir.1993).
Plaintiff argues that this issue is not appropriate for determination at this time, but should be considered later, during the damages phase of this case or in a contribution action. There are two distinct contexts in which the term "apportionment" has been used in CERCLA cases. Generally, response costs are apportioned, in the common meaning of that word, late in the CERCLA action, under equitable considerations. However, the question of divisibility, meaning the "apportionment" of harm rather than damages, is a different determination which can be made either earlier, at the liability phase, or later, at the damages phase.
The Third Circuit Court of Appeals concluded that the divisibility inquiry is one "best resolved at the initial liability phase" because it involves "relative degrees of liability." Alcan Aluminum, 964 F.2d at 270 n. 29. Other courts, including the Fifth Circuit, agree. See, e.g., Bell, 3 F.3d at 901. The only Circuit to express a reservation on this point is the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which declined to make a ruling. Instead, the Second Circuit stated that "the choice as to when to address divisibility and apportionment are questions best left to the sound discretion of the trial court in the handling of an individual case." Alcan Aluminum, 990 F.2d at 723. The Court agrees with the Third and Fifth Circuits, and will determine the divisibility of the harm now, early in the litigation.
Under the Restatement and Bell, the decision of whether to impose joint and several liability turns on whether there is a reasonable basis for dividing liability. This is a question of law. If the harm is capable of being divided among its various causes, the actual apportionment of the harm is a question of fact. See Restatement (Second) Torts § 434(1) (b), (2) (b), and cmt d; Bell, 3 F.3d at 896. A defendant may present evidence relevant to establishing the divisibility of the harm, such as relative toxicity, migratory potential, extent of actual migration, and synergistic capacities of the hazardous substances at the site. See Alcan Aluminum, 990 F.2d at 722; Alcan Aluminum, 964 F.2d at 270 n. 29, 271.
*277 BN presented two arguments to support divisibility: first, that the harm was divisible by chronology or time period; and second, that there were separate and distinct geographic areas of contamination. For the reasons stated in the ruling from the bench on June 29, the Court finds that the environmental harm at the Site is not reasonably capable of apportionment on a chronological basis. However, the Court finds that the environmental harm at the Site is divisible geographically. BN presented numerous exhibits, taken from the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) own data and figures from the Remedial Investigation (RI) and Feasibility Study (FS), which show two separate areas of groundwater contamination. See Exhibits AS through BC. Based on the convincing testimony of Dr. Robert Sterrett, and the reliable and impressive work by ReTec, the Court determines that pentachlorophenol drives the groundwater remedy selection by the EPA. Furthermore, the Court is convinced that there are two pentachlorophenol plumes at the Site: one emanating from the pond impoundment area located primarily on the Parcel, and one emanating from the processing plant area to the east of the Parcel. The soil contamination at the Site is similarly divisible geographically. See Exhibits BF through BQ.
Since neither BN nor its predecessor ever had an ownership interest in the land on which the processing plant stood, and that plume has neither merged with the pond plume nor migrated onto the Parcel, BN is not responsible or liable for the plume emanating from the processing plant area. The Court notes that in the related case of Broderick Investment Co. v. The Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co., 86-Z-1033 (D.Colo.), the Tenth Circuit also distinguished between the pond plume and the processing plant plume, albeit for the purposes of insurance coverage. See Broderick Inv. Co. v. Hartford Acc. & Indem. Co., 954 F.2d 601 (10th Cir.1992).
C. Conclusion
Therefore, the Court holds that BN is jointly and severally liable for response costs incurred in connection with (1) sludges in the pond impoundments; (2) contaminated groundwater in the pond plume, including the portion of the plume beyond the boundary of the Parcel; (3) contaminated soils within the Parcel; and (4) contaminated soils outside the Parcel but in the area affected by the pond plume and the sludges on the Parcel. BN is not liable for response costs incurred in connection with the processing plant plume or contaminated soils not included in the above categories. The Court declines to adopt any specific percentages at this time and reserves for a later phase of the case application of these findings to the response costs that may be proved by the United States. The amount of response cost incurred by the United States and the extent to which such costs are recoverable under CERCLA will be determined at a later date.


8 Commercial Real Estate & Properties in Clovelly Park are listed in 2 categories. We have 7 OfficesSale & Lease and 1 Retail ShopsSale & Lease .
Coworking | Fitted And Furnished | Excellent Amenities $230pw | 4 Person Workspa..
PROPERTY OVERVIEW $230pw Price incl. Internet, Electricity & Outgoings Furnished Workspace Flexi Terms Regular Cleaning 24/7 Access Amazing Clovelly Park Location Modern Fit Out Avail NOW for short or long term rent This coworking centre is an amazing incubator for start ups and entrepreneurs looking for a buzzing atmosphere to run their business from. With a large open plan layout to facilitate collaboration and conversation, this coworking space is perfect for small businesses of any size. The advertised work space is perfect for a team of 4. If you need more or less space we have furnished and unfurnished offices ready to go from 10sqm 200sqm all over Australia and New Zealand. What you get for your weekly rent Furnished or unfurnished workspace Commercial grade internet Electricity usage included Access to shared kitchen facilities Regular cleaning IT support available Photocopying facilities Fair use of meeting rooms and boardrooms Amazing business address to put on our cards Flexible terms from 1 month to long term 24 x 7 access to your workspace 24 x 7 security Office features 24 x 7 air conditioning Office wide wifi Open plan style workspace High speed lifts Shower facilities Dedicated male and female restrooms Tenants can chose between an unfurnished or furnished office space Building features Modern, low level building Bike racks Cafe on site Free street parking available 20m to bus stops 500m to Clovelly Park Train Station 8min to Westfield Marion 20min to Adelaide CBD Close to shops, bars, restaurants & cafes in fact everything! WHO IS OFFICE HUB? Office Hub is Australia & New Zealand\'s No 1 small office space commercial real estate agency. We have the largest collection of shared spaces, coworking and serviced offices in Australia & New Zealand, perfect for 1 100 employees. Let us take you on a tour of all the spaces that fit your needs and budget. Our service is complimentary and we work for you and the landlord to negotiate the most competitive deal in the market. Let us show you how shared and serviced offices can be the perfect solution for your business. www.office hub.com.au www.office hub.co.nz Conditions apply A portion of the square meterage factors in access to shared space. Price includes any incentives offered. This is for new tenants only.
Coworking | Fitted And Furnished | Excellent Amenities $115pw | 2 Person Workspa..
PROPERTY OVERVIEW $115pw Price incl. Collaborative coworking space next to Flinders University. Price incl. Rent, internet & Electricity Access to kitchen facilities Access to meeting and boardrooms Cool fitout Dedicated men and ladies bathrooms Flexible terms Furnished with desks and chairs Open plan layout Photocopying facilities Regular cleaning Showers Shared office space Great Clovelly Park location just south of Adelaide This suburban Adelaide co working centre is an amazing incubator for start ups and entrepreneurs looking for a buzzing atmosphere to run their business from. With a large open plan layout to facilitate collaboration and conversation, this cool shared space is perfect for businesses of any size. Part of the modern and innovative Tonsley precinct in Clovelly Park in Adelaide's southern suburbs. The advertised office space is perfect for a team of 2. If you need more or less space, we have over 30,000 furnished workspaces all over the world suitable for a team of 1 to 200+. Our award winning team offer a free service that will help you find the perfect solution for your needs, so reach out if you need more help. What you get for your weekly rent , 24/7 Access , 24/7 Security , Access to internal breakout areas , Access to kitchen facilities , Access to secure printer and scanner , Building outgoings included , Electricity usage included , Flexible terms , Lockable storage unit , One simple bill for everything related to your workspace , Plug and play furnished workspace , Regular cleaning , Secure high speed Internet Building features , Abundance of natural light , Air conditioning , Car parking Street / Public Car Park (Paid) , Disabled access and facilities , End of trip facilities e.g showers, bike racks , Onsite Cafe / Restaurant , Print, scan and copy facilities , Taxi / Uber stand close to building 20m to bus stops 500m to Clovelly Park Train Station 2 minute walk to Flinders University (Tonsley Campus) 20min drive to Adelaide CBD Close to shops, bars, restaurants & cafes in fact everything! WHO IS OFFICE HUB? Office Hub is Australia & New Zealand\'s No 1 small office space commercial real estate agency. We have the largest collection of shared spaces, coworking and serviced offices in Australia & New Zealand, perfect for 1 100 employees. Let us take you on a tour of all the spaces that fit your needs and budget. Our service is complimentary and we work for you and the landlord to negotiate the most competitive deal in the market. Let us show you how shared and serviced offices can be the perfect solution for your business. www.office hub.com.au www.office hub.co.nz Conditions apply A portion of the square meterage factors in access to shared space. Price includes any incentives offered. This is for new tenants only.
Coworking | Fitted And Furnished | Excellent Amenities $173pw | 3 Person Workspa..
PROPERTY OVERVIEW $173pw Price incl. Collaborative coworking space next to Flinders University. Price incl. Rent, internet & Electricity Access to kitchen facilities Access to meeting and boardrooms Cool fitout Dedicated men and ladies bathrooms Flexible terms Furnished with desks and chairs Open plan layout Photocopying facilities Regular cleaning Showers Shared office space Great Clovelly Park location just south of Adelaide This suburban Adelaide co working centre is an amazing incubator for start ups and entrepreneurs looking for a buzzing atmosphere to run their business from. With a large open plan layout to facilitate collaboration and conversation, this cool shared space is perfect for businesses of any size. Part of the modern and innovative Tonsley precinct in Clovelly Park in Adelaide's southern suburbs. The advertised office space is perfect for a team of 3. If you need more or less space, we have over 30,000 furnished workspaces all over the world suitable for a team of 1 to 200+. Our award winning team offer a free service that will help you find the perfect solution for your needs, so reach out if you need more help. What you get for your weekly rent , 24/7 Access , 24/7 Security , Access to internal breakout areas , Access to kitchen facilities , Access to secure printer and scanner , Building outgoings included , Electricity usage included , Flexible terms , Lockable storage unit , One simple bill for everything related to your workspace , Plug and play furnished workspace , Regular cleaning , Secure high speed Internet Building features , Abundance of natural light , Air conditioning , Car parking Street / Public Car Park (Paid) , Disabled access and facilities , End of trip facilities e.g showers, bike racks , Onsite Cafe / Restaurant , Print, scan and copy facilities , Taxi / Uber stand close to building 20m to bus stops 500m to Clovelly Park Train Station 2 minute walk to Flinders University (Tonsley Campus) 20min drive to Adelaide CBD Close to shops, bars, restaurants & cafes in fact everything! WHO IS OFFICE HUB? Office Hub is Australia & New Zealand\'s No 1 small office space commercial real estate agency. We have the largest collection of shared spaces, coworking and serviced offices in Australia & New Zealand, perfect for 1 100 employees. Let us take you on a tour of all the spaces that fit your needs and budget. Our service is complimentary and we work for you and the landlord to negotiate the most competitive deal in the market. Let us show you how shared and serviced offices can be the perfect solution for your business. www.office hub.com.au www.office hub.co.nz Conditions apply A portion of the square meterage factors in access to shared space. Price includes any incentives offered. This is for new tenants only.
Coworking | Economical Workspace | Excellent Amenities $58pw | 1 Person Workspac..
PROPERTY OVERVIEW $58pw Price incl. Collaborative coworking space next to Flinders University. Price incl. Rent, internet & Electricity Access to kitchen facilities Access to meeting and boardrooms Cool fitout Dedicated men and ladies bathrooms Flexible terms Furnished with desks and chairs Open plan layout Photocopying facilities Regular cleaning Showers Shared office space Great Clovelly Park location just south of Adelaide This suburban Adelaide co working centre is an amazing incubator for start ups and entrepreneurs looking for a buzzing atmosphere to run their business from. With a large open plan layout to facilitate collaboration and conversation, this cool shared space is perfect for businesses of any size. Part of the modern and innovative Tonsley precinct in Clovelly Park in Adelaide's southern suburbs. The advertised office space is perfect for a team of 1. If you need more or less space, we have over 30,000 furnished workspaces all over the world suitable for a team of 1 to 200+. Our award winning team offer a free service that will help you find the perfect solution for your needs, so reach out if you need more help. What you get for your weekly rent , 24/7 Access , 24/7 Security , Access to internal breakout areas , Access to kitchen facilities , Access to secure printer and scanner , Building outgoings included , Electricity usage included , Flexible terms , Lockable storage unit , One simple bill for everything related to your workspace , Plug and play furnished workspace , Regular cleaning , Secure high speed Internet Building features , Abundance of natural light , Air conditioning , Car parking Street / Public Car Park (Paid) , Disabled access and facilities , End of trip facilities e.g showers, bike racks , Onsite Cafe / Restaurant , Print, scan and copy facilities , Taxi / Uber stand close to building 20m to bus stops 500m to Clovelly Park Train Station 2 minute walk to Flinders University (Tonsley Campus) 20min drive to Adelaide CBD Close to shops, bars, restaurants & cafes in fact everything! WHO IS OFFICE HUB? Office Hub is Australia & New Zealand\'s No 1 small office space commercial real estate agency. We have the largest collection of shared spaces, coworking and serviced offices in Australia & New Zealand, perfect for 1 100 employees. Let us take you on a tour of all the spaces that fit your needs and budget. Our service is complimentary and we work for you and the landlord to negotiate the most competitive deal in the market. Let us show you how shared and serviced offices can be the perfect solution for your business. www.office hub.com.au www.office hub.co.nz Conditions apply A portion of the square meterage factors in access to shared space. Price includes any incentives offered. This is for new tenants only.


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We keep honesty and fairness at the forefront of our business practices. We strive to offer the most competitive prices on the highest quality materials while maintaining a consistently higher level of timely customer service.
Bowes Construction, Inc. was started as an aggregate production company by Lyle and Marcia Bowes in January of 1975, but as we like to say, it has roots that go back decades before that.
Marcia's father, along with his brother, owned a highway heavy road construction company called Mannerud Construction, which started in the late 1940s. Lyle Bowes, not long after serving in the Vietnam War, was honorably discharged from the Army decorated with among others, the Bronze Star Medal with the V device for Valor. Seeking employment, he applied at Mannerud Construction in Brookings where he was hired as a truck driver.
This is where Marcia and Lyle met leading to marriage and the start of a family. Jason Bowes was born in 1972. One year later tragically Marcia's dad died of a heart attack while working on a construction project in Badger. Mannerud Construction dissolved shortly thereafter, but Lyle and Marcia purchased some of the assets and went on to start their company along with a partner.
After journeying as a new business, Marcia and Lyle decided to expand their family a little more and, in July of 1975, Miranda Bowes Peterson was born. The early times were a bit bumpy and after a few years, it seemed that the partners no longer shared the same vision and Lyle and Marcia bought their partner Butch Oseby out in 1981.
To make this buy-out a reality, it took not only the courage and vision of a young married couple with two small children and a substantial amount of debt, but it also required having a bank stand behind these entrepreneurial people offering financial backing, and even more than that, they were offering guidance and friendship.
It was Van and Bob Fishback and First Bank and Trust who provided the support that established a relationship that has stood for over four decades. These weren't easy times to be a young business, over the years, some of the challenges facing business owners were double-digit inflation and interest rates as well as escalating prices at the pump. Around that same time, another impactful change was taking place.
As Bowes Construction continued to grow, so did the staffing needs. And with both of her kids in elementary school, Marcia decided to "officially" join the company in a career that went on to span three decades. During her early years, computers were starting to be marketed as a productive and innovative tool for business and Marcia introduced them to the company. She recalls with a vivid memory about this, the sales pitch was actually, "Do you really want to have to work all day? Wouldn't you rather go to the beach in the afternoons?"
However, the computer doubled her workload because she was consistently hampered by a barrage of program errors. You see, back then, she was not aware of a software package she could install but rather she hired the local computer guy to write a series of binary code commands. It seemed every time he addressed one issue with a command change, it would mess up something else.
A few years after the company transitioned "not so easily" into the computer age, a business opportunity came knocking. Up until 1991, Bowes Construction had been focused on aggregate production as well as trucking and laying aggregate to create a strong road base for asphalt, concrete, or gravel. One of Bowes' customers was an asphalt producer and paver headquartered in Dell Rapids who did most of the asphalt work in the area. Lyle was approached by this customer, asking if there was any interest in purchasing his company. After a lot of discussion with each other and Van, Marcia and Lyle decided they would purchase the asphalt plant and the asphalt paving operation. With this acquisition came tremendous opportunities but also growing pains.
The company doubled in size in what felt like to some as overnight. Along with the extra volume came the innovation of the software which allowed job costing and equipment costing. Through the years, the software has continued to change but the system of tracking the job and equipment costs is still in place to this day and we feel it is an essential part of our company's continued success. Around the time when the asphalt plant acquisition was taking place, there was another transformation happening, the congressional enactment of the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) provision. To meet the requirements the government had established for disadvantaged and women-owned businesses, Marcia and Lyle started a company that would own the asphalt plant as well as specializes in asphalt road recycling.
JaMir Reclamation, which in true working-mother spirit was named after her children, would be solely owned by Marcia. So not only was she one of the first women in South Dakota to own a road construction company, one of her company's main services was recycling long before "going green" became a nationwide movement.
You see, Marcia and Lyle have always thought about things bigger than themselves. How they could be impactful in a positive way to their customers, employees, their community, the environment was not a slogan for them. It was their culture, it came so naturally, it was second nature. It wasn't too many years after the creation of JaMir Reclamation that a few more events took place that would set the course of the company on the path to where we are today.
In May of 1994, Miranda Bowes Peterson started her career with Bowes Construction. October of that same year, after Jason Bowes was honorably discharged from the Marine Corp, he started his career at the company as well. Six years after that, in Y2K (remember Y2K was supposed to be a life-changing event, so much panic about computers shutting down, and instead we watched as the new millennium was celebrated in various time zones around the world, and thankfully nothing bad happened??) However something great happened that year, another crucial team member was added because Miranda Bowes Peterson married Eric Peterson. With a new team, thanks to Jason and Miranda common values were established to ensure the success of the business.
This is when the Bowes family learned very quickly a value that has been important in their family business culture and they have no doubt that it is probably the most important in a lot of family businesses, "Do what it takes to get the job done."
Today, Bowes Construction is a second-generation family-owned business. In 2012, after more than two years of putting the transition together with the help from advisors and support of the family, Jason and Miranda completed the buy-out from their parents. Because the DBE rules changed, it made sense to merge JaMir into Bowes. Bowes changed their corporate structure and their fiscal year-end and established LLC entities for their properties.
The real story though is the human aspect of it all. Working in a family business comes with great rewards and great challenges. Striking a balance between personal emotions and business rationale takes effective communication and being very intentional in the direction the company is moving. Bowes Construction has had its share of disagreements. In the end, though, they have been able to come together and find solutions. Bowes Construction believes they are able to find solutions because they share the same common values, the same core beliefs and those are what continue to drive the company.
Jason Bowes
Miranda Bowes Peterson
Eric Peterson
Karl Schlotman
Jean Sonnenburg
Kesmond Willert
Kerrie Bolzer
Austin Gee
Estimator/Project Coordinator
Cole Schneider
Joey Gilsdorf
Estimator / Project Coordinator
Tim Granum
Equipment / Aggregate Manager
Joe Mendel
Erick Schulte
Urban Earthwork Manager
Derek Hawley
Mass Earthwork Manager
Nick Hale
Trucking Manager


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What Is the University Diversity Scam?
America's campuses, particularly those in California, spend tens of millions of dollars on administrators and programs to combat issues like sexism, homophobia, and racism on campus. But are these problems in any way prevalent at our universities? Or is this diversity bureaucracy a big waste of money? Heather Mac Donald of the Manhattan Institute explains.
The preponderance of "diversity" administrators on campuses is a scam.
The massive push to create "diversity" positions, like the one at the University of California, is a sham.
Example: Amid a budget crisis, UC San Diego created an expensive new "equity, diversity, and inclusion" position to add to its long list of diversity positions, including Assistant Vice Chancellor for Diversity, faculty equity advisors, graduate diversity coordinators, various diversity liaisons, and numerous other useless positions.
Related reading: Mismatch: How Affirmative Action Hurts Students It's Intended to Help, and Why Universities Won't Admit It – Richard Sander
Related reading: Affirmative Action Around the World – Thomas Sowell
Universities value "diversity" more than they value excellence.
Diversity initiatives assume search committees are one step away from gender or race discrimination, when what they are really focused on is hiring the best candidate. Example: In 2012, UC San Diego administration attempted for force a committee to hire a sub-par candidate. The faculty insisted on hiring the most qualified candidate, so the administrators invented an "excellence" position for the less qualified candidate.
Read Heather Mac Donald on California's self-destructive diversity agenda.
Related reading: Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed - Jason Riley
The only institution dumb enough to spend millions of dollars on hiring "diversity" administrators is the university.
An overwhelming amount of evidence shows that diversity programs like affirmative action hurt the very students they're designed to help.
Duke University has a policy of accepting black students with lower GPA scores, yet its own professors have shown that low performing students are unable to keep up and often move into majors that are easier to pass.
The "mismatch theory" maintains that underqualified college students will learn less in college and face higher dropout rates.
Read Heather Mac Donald on the self-destructive diversity agenda.
American universities are blowing up their own budgets to create useless "diversity" positions.
Despite a state budget crisis, UC San Diego created a vaguely defined and very expensive new position called the "Vice Chancellor for Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion" to add to its long list of diversity positions, including assistant vice chancellor for diversity, faculty equity advisors, graduate diversity coordinators, various diversity liaisons, etc.
Related reading: Black Education: Myths and Tragedies – Thomas Sowell
No matter how cash-strapped universities say they are, somehow they're always able to keep adding diversity administrators and courses.
In March 2011, UC San Diego cut its master's degree in electrical and computer engineering, its master's program in comparative literature, and courses in French, German, Spanish, and English literature.
In June 2011, UC San Diego lost three prominent cancer researchers to Rice University because of pay issues.
And yet, somehow, UC San Diego added new diversity requirements for graduation.
Are colleges across America rife with racism, sexism, and homophobia?
If you answer, "No, that's absurd," you probably have a fair amount of common sense. If you answer, yes, you are probably a college administrator.
Wait, you might ask, college administrators accuse their own schools of being racist, sexist and homophobic? How does that make any sense?
To understand how a college administrator thinks, you must first, as the popular saying goes, "follow the money." If you do, you will not only discover why college administrators declare their own colleges racist, sexist and homophobic, but also why, if you're a student, your tuition keeps going up, and why, if you're a parent, your bank balance keeps going down.
Here's a how it works. If colleges are racist, sexist and homophobic, the only way to change that, if you're a college administrator, is to create a massive diversity bureaucracy. And that, of course, is massively expensive.
No institution provides a more vivid example than the University of California, a once great university system which is self-destructing in the name of diversity.
The diversity ideology has encroached upon every aspect of the University of California's collective psyche and mission. It is the one constant in every university endeavor; it impinges on hiring, distorts the curriculum, and sucks up vast amounts of faculty time and taxpayer money.
Even the university's ongoing budget problems have not touched it. Since 2010 UC San Francisco, UC San Diego, and UCLA have all created new vice chancellorships in diversity, equity, and inclusion, with salaries starting at a quarter million dollars a year or higher.
Each of these new posts is wildly redundant. Yet each new diversity position inevitably generates an even greater surge of junior bureaucrats, all sucking in tuition dollars.
In 2011, UC Berkeley's vice chancellor for equity and inclusion presided over a staff of 17; yet, just one year later, his staff had ballooned to 24. No wonder the number of administrators at the University of California almost equals that of the faculty.
Here's an only partial list of the diversity bureaucracy at UC San Diego.
The associate vice chancellor for faculty equity The assistant vice chancellor for diversity The staff diversity liaison The undergraduate student diversity liaison The graduate student diversity liaison The chief diversity officer The director of development for diversity initiatives The director of the Cross-Cultural Center The director of the Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Resource Center, The director of the Women's Center.
These diversity bureaucrats place nonstop pressure on departments to hire on the basis of race, gender and sexual preference.
Their trick is to set the hiring bar low enough to scoop in more female and minority candidates, and then declare that anyone above that bar is "qualified enough" to trump the most qualified candidate, when that candidate is a white or Asian male.
But sometimes even that evisceration of standards isn't enough. In that case, the Administration simply creates a new hiring category.
In September 2012, after UC San Diego's Electrical and Computer Engineering faculty refused to hire a mediocre female professor whom the administration had tried to force on them, the engineering school announced that it would be creating a QUOTE "excellence" position, the school's Orwellian phrase for women and minorities who cannot get hired even after hiring standards have been lowered.
Remember, these machinations are all in the service of a problem that doesn't exist. It's entirely fabricated. UC's campuses -- like colleges throughout America -- are easily the most welcoming and inclusive social environments in human history (at least if you're not a conservative).
Female and minority students are surrounded by caring adults who are dedicated to their academic success; they enjoy opportunities for learning and self-development that are the envy of the world. As for the faculty, the idea that any academic department would reject the most qualified candidate simply because that candidate was black, Hispanic, female or gay is absurd, not to mention an entirely gratuitous insult to every faculty member on the hiring committees.
Universities should be the institution in society that is the most dedicated to reason and evidence-based decisions. But with their crusade against their own make-believe racism and sexism, UC and almost every other American university betray that ideal every day.
I'm Heather Mac Donald of the Manhattan Institute for Prager University.


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Share Foundation
Defense, News
Total surveillance law proposed in Serbia
The public debate on the Draft Law on Internal Affairs has officially introduced into legal procedure provisions for the use of mass biometric surveillance in public spaces in Serbia, advanced technologies equipped with facial recognition software that enable capturing and processing of large amounts of sensitive personal data in real time.
If Serbia adopts the provisions on mass biometric surveillance, it will become the first European country conducting permanent indiscriminate surveillance of citizens in public spaces. Technologies that would thus be made available to the police are extremely intrusive to citizens' privacy, with potentially drastic consequences for human rights and freedoms, and a profound impact on a democratic society. For that reason, the United Nations and the European Union have already taken a stand against the use of mass biometric surveillance by the police and other security services of the states.
SHARE Foundation has used the opportunity of the Draft Law public debate to submit its legal comments on the provisions regulating mass biometric surveillance in public spaces, demanding from the authorities to declare a moratorium on the use of such technologies and systems in Serbia without delay.
Although modestly publicized, only three weeks long public debate on the disputed Draft Law gathered national and international organizations in a common front against the harmful use of modern technologies. Among others, EDRi, the European network of NGOs, experts, advocates and academics advancing digital rights, reacted. The official letter to the Serbian government and the Ministries of interior and justice states that provisions of the Draft Law allowing the capture, processing and automated analysis of people's biometric and other sensitive data in public spaces, are incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights which Serbia ratified in 2004.
"The Serbian government's proposal for a new internal affairs law seeks to legalise biometric mass surveillance practices and thus enable intrusion into the private lives of Serbian citizens and residents on an unprecedented scale. Whilst human rights and data protection authorities across the EU and the world are calling to protect people from harmful uses of technology, Serbia is moving in a dangerously different direction".
Diego Naranjo, EDRi
Gwendoline Delbos-Corfield, a French MEP from the Greens has warned against the use of these intrusive technologies and further restricting the rights of those living in Serbia, emphasizing that these technologies magnify the discrimination that marginalised groups already face in their everyday life. "We oppose this draft law that would allow law enforcement to use biometric mass surveillance in Serbia. It poses a huge threat to fundamental rights and the right to privacy", said Delbos-Corfield.
"In Serbia, a country that Freedom House rated as only 'partly free', we suspect that the government has already begun the deployment of high-resolution Huawei cameras, equipped with facial recognition technology, in the city of Belgrade. If this draft law comes into effect, the government might have a legal basis for the use of biometric mass surveillance and the use of these cameras. Serbia now runs the risk of becoming the first European country to be covered by biometric mass surveillance. We call on the Serbian government to immediately withdraw the articles of this draft law that regulate biometric mass surveillance."
Gwendoline Delbos-Corfield, MEP, Greens/EFA Group
The disputed provisions stipulate installation of a system of mass biometric surveillance throughout Serbia, without determining the necessity of the proposed measure for all residents of Serbia to be constantly treated as potential criminals by disproportionately invading the privacy of their lives. Of particular concern is the lack of a detailed assessment of the impact that the use of total biometric surveillance can have on vulnerable social groups, but also on journalists, civic activists and other actors in a democratic society.
SHARE Foundation comments on the Draft Law on Internal Affairs
Thousands of Cameras: short film
Ella Jakubowska on biometric mass surveillance
hiljade.kamera.rs: community strikes back against mass surveillance
Unlawful video surveillance with face recognition in Belgrade
algorithms and AI
Protecting digital rights since 2012.
Kapetan Mišina 6a, Belgrade, Serbia


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Odeya Nini is a Los Angeles based contemporary vocalist, composer, yoga instructor and voice teacher. With 10 years of yoga teaching experience, she has finally united her two worlds of music and yoga in this unique experience of a Voice Bath. Her music spans orchestral pieces to solo vocal composition and sound installations. As a teacher she leads people on a journey to embody the voice through pure expression of sound and emotion, mind/ body centering, and freeing the voice in a therapeutic manner. Voice Baths and her solo artistic work have been heard from Los Angeles to Tel Aviv, Mongolia, Madagascar and Vietnam.
I believe in the power of the voice to transform ourselves and the way we interact with each other and the world. The voice is the most primal of instruments and can reveal and unravel so much if we listen to it and play with it. Since we all have a voice, and we all have a story, we are all candidates for being able to express uniquely with our instrument. At the forefront of vocal control is both subtle full bodied awareness and pure uninhibited fearless gesture.
The intelligence of play and the focus of listening and imagining are the paths leading to your true sound. I teach a therapeutic, embodied practice and support students in finding vocal strength and resonance through meditation, call and response, tuning, toning, theatrical exercises, improvising harmonies, melodies and songs.
BFA in Vocal Performance, The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music, MFA in Composition - California Institute of the Arts (Calarts), 200 hour Yoga Teacher Training, School of Life - many years of experience singing, performing, traveling, dancing, practicing somatic work, teaching, yoga, challenges, successes, creativity.


text:
L' indice Coleman-Liau est un test de lisibilité conçu par Meri Coleman et TL Liau pour évaluer la compréhensibilité d'un texte. Comme l'indice Flesch-Kincaid, l'indice de brouillard Gunning, l'indice SMOG et l'indice de lisibilité automatisé, son résultat correspond approximativement au niveau scolaire américain jugé nécessaire pour comprendre le texte.

Comme l'ARI mais contrairement à la plupart des autres indices, le Coleman-Liau se base sur les caractères plutôt que sur les syllabes par mot. Bien que l'opinion varie quant à sa précision par rapport aux indices syllabes/mots et mots complexes, les caractères sont plus facilement et plus précisément comptés par les programmes informatiques que les syllabes.

L'indice Coleman-Liau a été conçu pour être facilement calculé mécaniquement à partir d'échantillons de texte sur papier. Contrairement aux indices de lisibilité basés sur les syllabes, il ne nécessite pas d'analyser le contenu en caractères des mots, seulement leur longueur en caractères. Par conséquent, il pourrait être utilisé en conjonction avec des scanners mécaniques théoriquement simples qui n'auraient besoin que de reconnaître les limites de caractères, de mots et de phrases, éliminant ainsi le besoin d'une reconnaissance optique complète des caractères ou d'une frappe manuelle.

Formule
L'indice Coleman-Liau est calculé avec la formule suivante :

L est le nombre moyen de lettres pour 100 mots et S est le nombre moyen de phrases pour 100 mots.

À titre d'exemple, nous utiliserons le résumé de l'article original de Coleman et Liau de 1975 présentant l'index :Existing computer programs that measure readability are based largely upon subroutines which estimate number of syllables, usually by counting vowels. The shortcoming in estimating syllables is that it necessitates keypunching the prose into the computer. There is no need to estimate syllables since word length in letters is a better predictor of readability than word length in syllables. Therefore, a new readability formula was computed that has for its predictors letters per 100 words and sentences per 100 words. Both predictors can be counted by an optical scanning device, and thus the formula makes it economically feasible for an organization such as the U.S. Office of Education to calibrate the readability of all textbooks for the public school system.Le résumé contient 5 phrases, 119 mots et 639 lettres ou chiffres ; L vaut 537 et S vaut 4,20 obtenu par les formules :

L = Lettres ÷ Mots × 100 = 639 ÷ 119 × 100 ≈ 537

S = Phrases ÷ Mots × 100 = 5 ÷ 119 × 100 ≈ 4,20

Par conséquent, le résumé est au niveau scolaire de 14,5, ou à peu près approprié pour un premier cycle de deuxième année.

Voir également

 Lisibilité
 loi de Zipf

Les références

 Coleman, Meri; et Liau, TL (1975); Une formule de lisibilité informatique conçue pour la notation automatique, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, p. 283–284

Linguistique informatique


When it comes to taking care of our ageing loved ones it can be a significant task. This is because the time required to take care of them especially the one who is affected by memory loss should be more than we can offer. The inspiration driving why the time is confined for a few people this is by virtue of they have to work keeping in mind the end goal to give sustenance their needs. Memory care workplaces need to influence in the overall population since they hone on taking extraordinary care of developing loved ones on our behalf. There are various factors that you should consider while selecting a better memory care facility. Below are factors that you ought to explore while picking a prevalent memory care facility.
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2001-04-28T08:55:26-04:00https://images.c-span.org/Files/03a/163725-m.jpgDouglas Waller talked about the USS Nebraska, a modern Trident Nuclear Submarine. Topics included life on board a nuclear submarine, how sailors are screened for the job, their work responsibilities, and how they cope with long separations from their families. He said that the USS Nebraska was the sixth largest nuclear power in the world. The program was filmed on the USS Torsk, a World War Two submarine docked outside the Baltimore Maritime Museum in Baltimore's Inner Harbor. He answered questions from the audience.
Mr. Waller is the author of Big Red: Three Months on Board a Trident Nuclear Submarine, published by HarperCollins.
Douglas Waller talked about the USS Nebraska, a modern Trident Nuclear Submarine. Topics included life on board a nuclear submarine, how sailors are screened for the job, their work responsibilities, and how they cope with long separations from their families. He said that the USS Nebraska was the sixth largest nuclear power in the world. The program was filmed on the USS Torsk, a World War Two submarine docked outside the Baltimore Maritime Museum in Baltimore's Inner Harbor. He answered questions from the audience.


text:
Sunstar Americas has withdrawn one of its mouthwashes, as its use could cause serious infection. (Image: Image Point Fr/Shutterstock)
"Particularly unsafe" for COVID-19 patients—Sunstar Americas recalls mouthwash
Back to news Coronavirus (COVID-19) microsite
By Dental Tribune International
SCHAUMBURG, Ill., U.S.: At the end of December, Sunstar Americas voluntarily recalled one of its mouthwashes. The company is a member of the Sunstar Group, a global company headquartered in Switzerland and a leader in the oral care industry. It gave bacterial contamination as the reason for the withdrawal.
On Oct. 27, the company had already announced the recall of the product Paroex Chlorhexidine Gluconate Oral Rinse USP, 0.12%, bearing expiration dates from June 30, 2022, to Sept. 30, 2022. Now, Sunstar Americas has extended the recall to all of these products with expiration dates between Dec. 31, 2020, and Sept. 30, 2022, as stated in a company announcement.
The product in question. (Image: Sunstar Americas)
According to Sunstar Americas, the product may be contaminated with the bacteria Burkholderia lata. Whereas this may lead to "oral and, potentially, systemic infections requiring antibacterial therapy" in the healthy population, use of the contaminated product may result in "life-threatening infections, such as pneumonia and bacteremia" in risk groups.
Presently, 29 cases associated with the product have been reported. The announcement stated that affected patients had tested positive for B. lata infections. Use of the mouthwash by patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions, including by those infected with SARS-CoV-2, was classified as particularly unsafe.
The mouthwash had been distributed to dental offices, dental distributors, pharmaceutical wholesalers, dental schools and pharmacies in the U.S. Sunstar Americas has notified its distributors and customers and arranged for the return of the recalled products. "Patients, pharmacies, and health care facilities in possession of these products should stop using and dispensing immediately," stated the company.
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EuroPerio10 to take place in 2022
COPENHAGEN, Denmark: After closely monitoring the COVID-19 situation, the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) has decided to reschedule the EuroPerio10 congress, which was planned to take place in June 2021. The event will now be held in the first half of 2022 at the Bella Center, Scandinavia's largest multifunctional event venue, in Copenhagen. The final dates will be communicated as soon as they are confirmed.
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Few people thought that Microsoft was on its way to creating something special when it unveiled the first Surface tablets. Thick and chunky, these devices had an awkward screen size. The Windows 8 operating system that Microsoft pre-installed didn't lend itself well to being both a notebook and a tablet. Battery life wasn't something these early devices offered in abundance either. Now we have the Surface Pro 4, a Windows 2-in-1 that's expected to dominate sales of Windows 2-in-1 machines for some time.
The Microsoft Surface Pro 4 is Microsoft making good on its promise that those bold enough to embrace its hardware would get the best – almost Apple-like – experience possible on a Windows machine. I'm convinced that it's the best device running Windows 10.
Microsoft didn't go from being the laughing-stock of devices to being a purveyor of an original idea instantly. In between the original Surface Pro and Surface Pro 4 there were some stumbles. Everything meshed in 2014 when Microsoft debuted the Surface Pro 3. That device had a 12-inch display and light gray metal shell. It was thin and light compared to previous devices. A simplified charging port and freely adjustable kickstand were also included.
All of these things are important because the Surface Pro 4 is an evolution of its immediate predecessor. There are no huge departures in any way.
The Surface Pro 4 weighs 1.69 pounds and measures 0.33-inches from top to bottom. A new PixelSense display with a resolution of 2746 x 1824 pixels dominates the front of the device. Microsoft has kept the device the same height and length, even with the larger, more vibrant display. It was able to do this by ditching the touch-sensitive Windows button that the Surface Pro 3 had to the right of its display and compressing its display and touch technology. I'm sure someone will miss that touch sensitive button, but getting rid of it was the right move. The Windows 10 operating system that Microsoft installs on this device makes it unnecessary.
The left edge of the Surface Pro 4 has a poorly placed headphone jack and a small indent for pushing out the same rear-mounted Surface kickstand we saw on its predecessor. The mechanism does feel more rigid, though, even a month after release. Volume buttons sit to the right of the power button on the top edge of the Surface Pro 4. On the right edge of the Surface Pro 4 is a slot for the SurfaceConnect charger, a USB 3.0 port and mini display port. The slot that lets users attach a keyboard cover with a snap is back on the bottom too.
A vent along the edges of the Surface Pro 4 allows its upgraded internals to breathe. How the Surface Pro 4 cools itself has never been more important. Every version of the Surface Pro 3 had a fan, but the entry-level Surface Pro 4 with Intel Core M3 processor doesn't. Backing up the vent is a new hybrid cooling system that dissipates heat better than the fans of the past.
Surface configurations with an Intel Core i5 processor an Intel Core i7 processor still have the fan around, but the Intel Core M3 model is the most mainstream. It lacks a fan. Windows never feels better than when it's embracing the characteristics of simpler devices like the iPad. The iPad doesn't have a fan and was thus was a better media tablet than the Surface Pro 3 was. Its fan turned on even when you were streaming content from Microsoft's Movies & TV app. There's no fan in this entry-level model to ruin the immersion.
In devices this thin, heat can also ruin the experience. We want our devices thinner and powerful, but we sometimes forget that the heat they produce has to go somewhere. In almost every situation that I'd consider a normal use case, the Surface Pro 4 with Intel Core M3 & 4GB of RAM handles heat well despite not having a fan. Browsing the web, shopping, reading email, watching streaming video and playing games from the Windows Store doesn't cause the device to heat uncomfortably in your fingers.
Load a desktop program that's historically a resource hog and the rear center gets toasty. PC desktop games hit the Surface Pro 4 too. When everything becomes too much for it to bear, the Surface Pro 4's firmware kicks in and slows the processor down. Never once did I get throttled in my daily routine. This frequently happens in modern PC games where I tried to use the highest graphics possible. It's not exactly fair to judge this model by its gaming credentials, though.
The models with Intel Core i5 come with Intel HD 520 graphics. The Intel Iris graphics are paired with Core i7 models. These are better configurations for gamers.
RAM configurations range from 4GB to 16GB. 4GB of RAM is great for everyday tasks, but those who plan on keeping the device for years to come might want to future proof and get a model with more RAM. My Surface Pro 4 never exceeded 20% of CPU usage during a normal day. RAM usage commonly hit 68% of total RAM available. System and compressed memory account for a big chunk of that because Microsoft changed the way it speeds up app launches and reports that to users with the Windows 10 November Update.
There's plenty of storage, with even base buyers getting a speedy 128GB SSD. A microSD card slot hidden in the chassis lets users add more space, but there's plenty of range here. There's even a model that comes with 1TB of storage.
Every Surface model gets about 9 hours of battery life, according to Microsoft. That's the same amount as the Surface Pro 3.
Microsoft, like other companies, is attempting to make interacting with a PC feel natural. Windows Hello and an upgraded Surface Pen are their latest efforts. Windows Hello lets users login without a password. The system supports fingerprint readers and special cameras.
The Surface Pro 4 goes with the camera option and it's terrific. Setting it up was painless and it's been great since. I do find myself sometimes logging in accidentally, even when I didn't mean to. You don't need to be too close to Surface Pro 4 for Windows Hello to work either. This is a problem the smartphones that Microsoft announced alongside the Surface Pro 4 in October both suffer from.
Surface prides itself on its pen. The previous versions were fine, but the Surface Pro 4's Surface Pen surpasses them all. Microsoft kept the same metal barrel but made the pen more pressure sensitive. The pen's tip is interchangeable. According to Microsoft, there are 1024 different levels of pressure sensing and bettering palm blocking software . Also, you can erase notes with the rubber-covered cap at the end. Pushing that cap can also launch Cortana or OneNote.
Mercifully, Microsoft added a ridiculously strong magnet so that the Surface Pen can be stored on the device's body instead of in a felt keyboard loop that you will lose. Using a Surface as a notebook has never been better than it is here.
A Type Cover keyboard available for this model and the Surface Pro 3 has a better trackpad and key caps. Spacing between each key is a touch-typist's dream and the trackpad is silky smooth.
Unlike the Surface Pen, this new Type Cover still doesn't come with the Surface Pro 4. It's a separate $129 purchase. This makes adopting a Surface Pro 4 rather expensive for anyone that doesn't own a Surface Pro 3 already.
The best camera that you have, is the camera that's now available to you. I'm happy to say that Surface's bad luck streak with cameras comes to an end with the Surface Pro 4. A 5 megapixel front-facing camera that doesn't offer auto-focus is serviceable. The rear-facing 8 megapixel camera does have focusing and is just fine when there's nothing else around. Even with auto focus they sometimes struggle to balance shadows and light. Cameras on previous Surfaces were so bad that sometimes you couldn't digitally deposit a check. The Surface's premium price tag deserved better cameras.
0=05 my neighbor's ex-wife makes $68 /hr on the laptop . She has been fired for 6 months but last month her pay was $18404 just working on the laptop for a few hours.
Now I don't wanna come off spammy when I say this (the comment above me is a spam/scam btw LOL) but….
Basically I joined a website that is giving away $100 visa gift cards for answering some brand survey questions!! One of the those brand awareness/focus group things.
It seems legit to me, the brands and advertisers just want you to give your opinion and get your email on their product in exchange for possibly getting the gift card. The survey I got was "What Doritos flavor I liked best", but there are a few others that you might end up with. Pretty easy, and legitimate as far as I can tell. I really hope some of you fellow techies end up with some more $$ for electronics, just thought I'd spread the word. Don't know how long they need survey people for but I'd do it before they stop it.
Personally If I end up getting one of the $100 visa gift cards I'm gonna buy a new camera or maybe load up my iTunes account hahahaha.
You just have to answer the questionnaire to see if you're qualified. Anyways here is the link. Hope it helps.


Stunning superyachts, an island-style setting, and a suitably relaxed atmosphere take centre stage at Mallorca's annual Palma Superyacht Show.  Come join the TJB Super Yachts team at the internationally recognised event that brings together over 200 exciting motor and sailing yachts at the lovely Old Pier, Moll Vell from the 27th of April to the 1st of May.   Head over to the link in our bio to find out more about the upcoming show! Image courtesy of @yachtieworld.
🌹Feliç Sant Jordi📓 Uno de nuestros días preferidos del año. Naia se ha quedado cao después de un par de horas de pasear, mirar libros y encontrarnos con gente. Este año ha habido libros para todos (para Naia dos 🙈) no me puedo resistir a los cuentos, son mi gran debilidad 💚💚 ¿Y vosotros, habéis comprado algún libro hoy?


text:
<?php

class Other_Model_DbTable_DbInfomation extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract
{

    protected $_name = 'ldc_information';
    public function getUserId(){
    	$session_user=new Zend_Session_Namespace('auth');
    	return $session_user->user_id;
    }
    function addInformation($_data){
    	$adapter = new Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter_Http();
    	$part= PUBLIC_PATH.'/images/promotion';
    	$adapter->setDestination($part);
    	$adapter->receive();
    	$photo = $adapter->getFileInfo();
    	if(!empty($photo['photo']['name'])){
    		$_data['photo']=$photo['photo']['name'];
    	}else{
    		$_data['photo']='';
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    	$_arr = array(
    			'title'=>$_data['help_title'],
    			'image'=>$_data['photo'],
    			'description'=>$_data['description'],
    			'user_id'=>$this->getUserId()
    	);
    	$this->_name='ldc_information';
    	$this->insert($_arr);//insert data
    }
    function getAllInfor($search=null){
    	$db = $this->getAdapter();
    	$sql = " SELECT id ,title,image,
    	(SELECT name_en FROM `ldc_view` WHERE type=2 AND key_code =ldc_information.`status`  ) AS status
    	from ldc_information where 1 ";
    	$where="";

    	if(!empty($search['title'])){
    		$s_where=array();
    		$s_search=addslashes($search['adv_search']);
    		$s_where[]=" title LIKE '%{$s_search}%'";
    		$s_where[]=" description LIKE '%{$s_search}%'";
    		$where.=' AND ('.implode(' OR ',$s_where).')';
    	}
    	$order=' ORDER BY id DESC';
    	return $db->fetchAll($sql.$where.$order);
    }
    function getInfoById($id){
    	$db = $this->getAdapter();
    	$sql = "SELECT * FROM
    	ldc_information ";
    	$where = " WHERE `id`= $id" ;
    	$db = $this->getAdapter();
    	return $db->fetchRow($sql.$where);
    }
    public function updateInfo($_data){
    	$adapter = new Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter_Http();
    	$part= PUBLIC_PATH.'/images/promotion';
    	$adapter->setDestination($part);
    	$adapter->receive();
    	$photo = $adapter->getFileInfo();
    	if(!empty($photo['photo']['name'])){
    		$_data['photo']=$photo['photo']['name'];
    	}else{
    		$_data['photo']=$_data['old_photo'];
    	}
    	$_arr = array(
    			'title'=>$_data['help_title'],
    			'image'=>$_data['photo'],
    			'description'=>$_data['description'],
    			'user_id'=>$this->getUserId(),
    			'status'=>$_data['status']
    	);
    	$where=$this->getAdapter()->quoteInto("id=?", $_data['id']);
    	$this->_name='ldc_information';
    	$this->update($_arr, $where);
    }
	function getInfo(){
		$db = $this->getAdapter();
		$sql = "SELECT * FROM ldc_information WHERE title!='' LIMIT 3";
      return $db->fetchAll($sql);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub