Lawrence Krauss says that God and Science don't mix, something that our own Claudia has contended, vociferously at times. Pursuit of logic is a passion with many scientifically-minded people and the pursuit of logic – and logical explanations – can become the object of single-minded devotion. In some cases this process leads to great truths and technological advancements; in others, the forest is lost among the trees and the researcher with it. Whither Krauss? I'll not presume to guess but his word choices create distortion more than they reveal truth.
It is certainly true God and individual scientific experiments do not mix. The scientific method by definition calls for the isolation of as many variables as possible so that the one(s) under test can be definitively tested and explained. In an individual test, therefore, there can be no allowance for the divine. If there is, the experiment is fatally flawed.
Nevertheless, God and science are inexplicably intertwined.
As a software developer I understand the process of examining a seemingly chaotic circumstance, looking for order and root causes, and defining an explanation for behaviors, both expected and not. It is a very logical endeavor when all of the facts are known but one also relies heavily on intuition when they are not. The software test, like the scientific experiment, is imagined by intuition and defined by its absence. Yet pristine logic at the application layer does not mean that the programmer can ignore the fundamental truths of the operating system and development platform. They still exist, whether our analysis considers them or not. True knowledge of the system considers all factors, liked and despised alike. Truth requires it.
Likewise, science is, when all the ideology, agendas, and personal pride is stripped away, the pursuit to understand the principles that govern the universe God created. That truth does not diminish scientists or dull the luster of their accomplishments. Rather it increases them for to learn about the world around us is to know a fraction of the mind of God.
Pamela Mosier-Boss, a U.S. Navy researcher, isn't willing to climb out on that limb just yet. But she says that her lab has produced "significant" results, including the generation of highly energetic neutrons, an important byproduct of the fusion process.
"Nobody in the physics community would believe a discovery without such a quantitative analysis," he said.
Also worth noting is the fact that Mosier-Boss has collaborated with on at least some of her Navy research, notably this part of this paper in which their work was unrelated to cold fusion. Still, it wouldn't be far afield to wonder if there hasn't been some cross-pollination of ideas at a minimum.
At any rate, Mosier-Boss seems to be playing her cards close to her vest by framing her results modestly and announcing them well at the national meeting of the American Chemical Society where her work will be featured.
The Houston Chronicle reports that the Texas State Board of Education has tentatively decided drop its 20-year-old requirement mandating that science teachers address both "strengths and weaknesses" of the scientific theory originated by Charles Darwin in the 19th century, capping a heated debate on the topic.
"It's outrageous that our highest elected education officials voted to silence teachers and students in science class," said Jonathan Saenz, a lobbyist for the Free Market Foundation. "Despite being overwhelmed by e-mails and phone calls to keep strengths and weaknesses, the divided State Board of Education ignored constituents and sided with a small group of activists.
Miller is certainly right in what she says. Evolution's many weaknesses are exploited in the ongoing battle over what should be taught in America's schools. However, what's not said – ever – is that it was the liberal, evolution-only, there-is-no-God side that started the culture wars in the first place. Now, after decades of liberal radicalism on the streets and in the courtrooms, the left frequently attempts to take the legal high ground, as Miller does in this case.
Yet the fact is that the theory of evolution is just that. While that may incense many people on the left and some on the right, the truth is what it is. Darwin's idea of radical mutation is far, far from proven and the skeletal record is in many ways just that – skeletal.
For pro-evolution advocates to say straight-faced that their idea is the complete definition of a natural law is ludicrous as relates to the origins of life on this planet. Few people question the validity of natural selection to work changes in species over time. It's readily observable in experiments with fruit flies, in addition to being intellectually obvious. But natural selection has nothing to say about where life came from. Woe to the rare objective scientific researcher who actually cares enough about the truth to consider every possible bit of evidence. That, you must understand, is not allowed.
Expelled, the movie, is an excellent documentary about the scientific censorship that has taken place in this country over the last 50 years in regard to the research, publication, and teaching of intelligent design. I highly recommend it. Save for an unfortunate ramble through the briar patch of Nazism and eugenics, it's certainly thought provoking and worthy of 90 minutes of your time. If nothing else, an important take-away is that anti-God political forces are actively limiting scientific research and debate in this country using every means, fair and unfair, available to them.
That's unacceptable. Even if evolutionists turn out to be 100% correct with one of their Darwinistic sub-theories – something that's highly unlikely – the completely cynical act of using the country's political and legal processes to stifle scientific research debate and force America's young people to be educated exclusively in their dogma is anti-America, anti-truth, and anti-rational in the extreme. Science is about seeking the truth. But the left seeks to put blinders on all of us, researchers included.
The irony is, of course, that the new radical liberalism is supposed to be all about individual truths, rights, and freedoms. The truth is that the freedoms the left promises are fantastic chimeras that disappear the moment you use that freedom to disagree with them.
Sadly, the intellectual fascists of the left, who can allow no other views than their own to be put forth, have one another battle in the war for America's soul.
When I first read about Hyperion Power Generation's plans to manufacture ~25 MWe, turn-key nuclear power plants I was skeptical, to say the least. Still am, truthfully. Now the Guardian says that Hyperion has several confirmed orders for the device. Could this be a real Middle East Oil Killer?
One immediately notices that no major industrialized nations are among those on Hyperion's list of prospects. One obvious reason for the omission are the regulatory hurdles in place in the U.S. and elsewhere. Nuclear power is regarded with suspicion and worse in the States, making the U.S. one of the last places where what seems to amount to a prototype device could be deployed.
Still, I wonder. The need and the technology are both to the point that such a device could become an acceptable risk/reward tradeoff for countries tired of literally being held over a barrel by the thuggish OPEC cartel and the passive-aggressive Russians.
In a former life I knew a nuclear engineer who'd worked for years in a U.S. power plant. His estimation of his plant's safety plan could not possibly been higher. Pride goeth before the fall, it's been written. Still, those in a position to know believe nuclear power is safe and clean. I'm inclined to trust their judgment.
Hopefully I'll be able to catch up with my former acquaintance and get his take on Hyperion's offering. Any scientists in the audience with thoughts to share in the interim?
From a technical perspective, we're getting fairly close to being able to do something similar in humans.
Scientists expect that technology will eventually allow people with spinal cord injuries and other paralyzing conditions to gain more control over their lives.
There's still debate over how practical this technology is and we don't know how well humans would adapt to such implants, among other unknowns. But it's pretty darn cool and if you're a person who'd be aided by such a device, potentially very helpful.
This experiment is one step farther along than previous ones, one more incremental improvement in a long series of them that may ultimately lead to insanely useful interfaces between man and machine. These sorts of discoveries don't come quickly or cheaply in most cases. Many of the components of this latest device were undoubtedly intended for completely different purposes than monkey-brain-robotics, yet here we are. Necessity may be the mother of invention, but without the fruits of R&D work to act as catalysts, need would remain barren.
Why go to the moon, Mars, or the asteroid belt? What's the point? To me that's the wrong question. The right question is: "Why not?" That's always the question, to which there are some valid negative answers. But fundamentally science is about discovering the truth and for that reason alone should be pursued to the limits of ethics and possibility.
Knowing how things work leads to bigger and bigger discoveries and technologies, often in ways that can't be predicted in advance. That's why the question "What's it for?", while necessary to ask, shouldn't serve as a governor on scientific inquiry.
What's a monkey-controlled robot-arm for? In itself, nothing. 10 years from now, who knows?
John Tierney has an excellent article in the NY Times science section about global warming and the science and reporting behind the climate change scare. A must read, IMO.
When the Arctic sea ice last year hit the lowest level ever recorded by satellites, it was big news and heralded as a sign that the whole planet was warming. When the Antarctic sea ice last year reached the highest level ever recorded by satellites, it was pretty much ignored. A large part of Antarctica has been cooling recently, but most coverage of that continent has focused on one small part that has warmed.
Why aren't these very relevant facts trumpeted in the news and in the blogopsphere as they should be?
The availability cascade is a self-perpetuating process: the more attention a danger gets, the more worried people become, leading to more news coverage and more fear. Once the images of Sept. 11 made terrorism seem a major threat, the press and the police lavished attention on potential new attacks and supposed plots. After Three Mile Island and "The China Syndrome," minor malfunctions at nuclear power plants suddenly became newsworthy.
The result of that over dramatization was a draconian halting in the construction of new nuclear power plants. Fear triumphed over science, in other words, despite the nuclear power industry's excellent safety record. Chernobyl was a disaster, of course, a warning that vigilance is needed, but not an indicator of the inevitable.
It's easy to see the same chain reaction happening now in regard to climate change – one article leads to another and another, each more strident and certain than the one that preceded it. But is there actually anything to fear?
Global warming has an impact on both polar regions, but they're also strongly influenced by regional weather patterns and ocean currents. Two studies by NASA and university scientists last year concluded that much of the recent melting of Arctic sea ice was related to a cyclical change in ocean currents and winds, but those studies got relatively little attention — and were certainly no match for the images of struggling polar bears so popular with availability entrepreneurs.
Guess which paper jibed with the theory — and image of Katrina — presented by Al Gore's "Inconvenient Truth"?
Indeed, the rock star pseudo-scientist's view has been spread around the globe by sympathetic journalists with an eye for selling the news, whether true or not. Why? The cascade effect, bad news, spreading, becomes worse.
Sunstein doesn't doubt the reality of global warming. Of course, a law degree does not give such an opinion weight. His evaluation of the spreading of the global warming firestorm, however, is close to definitive.
"In the last few months," Mr. Gore said, "it has been harder and harder to misinterpret the signs that our world is spinning out of kilter." But he was being too modest. Thanks to availability entrepreneurs like him, misinterpreting the weather is getting easier and easier.
Not discussed in the article is the all-important question of what, if anything, industrialized nation ought to do to combat climate change.
To me the answers are obvious: Limit the production of air pollutants to an economically practical level, invest more rather than less into the development of nuclear and hydrogen power sources, and accelerate the use of science and technology in our homes and businesses.
The way to a cleaner, greener society is forward – not backward – and only fear can stop us from getting there, the kind of fear Al Gore and his minions specialize in generating.
The National Academies of Science recently produced a report titled "Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics: The Science of the World Around Us" and in it says that the U.S. has failed to increase funding for CMMP research at the same rate as our competitors and that we have all but lost our position of leadership in the field.
But what in the heck is CMMP, you ask? Essentially its the study of the intersection of matter and energy as applied to making things that are useful to humanity. Sounds vague, but what label can be more specific and still apply to fields as wide-ranging as nanotechnology, quantum computing, super-conductivity, and cutting edge electronics?
In other words, CMMP research points the way to the future of technology. Clearly the U.S. needs to be a leader in this field in order to remain relevant in the second half of this century. The NAS says that we've been doing a piss-poor job of it for the last decade and more.
…government funding has not kept up with the rising costs of research at the same time that the corporate-funded research lab system has collapsed. As a result, US scientific productivity has stagnated at a time when funding and output are booming overseas. The report makes a series of recommendations that it hopes will get US physics research booming again.
Based on publications in Physical Reviews B and E, the US contribution to papers has remained flat over the last decade, while papers originating from other countries have nearly doubled. The report predicts that this reduced output will ultimately exact a price on the American economy.
It suggests that all interested parties, ranging from industry through the Department of Defense and Energy to the academic world, should meet and determine what's needed to recreate the research environment they once fostered. Unfortunately, beyond calling for these discussions, the report is remarkably vague about how to resuscitate these now moribund labs.
Readers of Thomas Freidman will not be surprised by this. In "The World is Flat", Freidman so clearly painted a picture of America's failed future – the very same future that is being starved even now by the billions of dollars wasted in Iraq and at home on self-indulgent welfare programs – that I immediately began to include education as one of my top priority blogging subjects.
Can you imagine a future in which Indian and China dominate the technology fields? I mean really dominates them, not merely at a low-cost manufacturing level – any country with millions of dirt poor people can do that given the political will – but at the design capabilities level where inventions – and progress – is really made?
I can and it scares the hell out of me. Not for my sake – I'm halfway to the finish line and the U.S. will hold up long enough for me to reach the end of the line (unless the Muslims pull some lunacy in Israel, in which case this post won't matter much). No, my concern is for my children's sake, not my own.
In the end, that's why we scratch, claw, work, and compete the way we do in American – to provide a better life for our children than the one we had. At least it is for the sane. I propose to speak only to and for them anyway, the loons being totally irrelevant.
Not too difficult, is it? Even an elected official, say someone with a vote in the way that federal expenditures are allocated to the various worthy and unworthy causes that have their hands out and voices raised, ought to be able to understand something so obvious.
Yet in the last 5 years the probability of a university researcher getting a grant application funded has been cut almost in half while those of new researchers have fallen even further. Meanwhile the cost of supporting students has increased more than the size of grants. Small wonder that U.S. authors have seen their output in terms of publishable works stagnate while their foreign competitors have doubled theirs.
Scientific research in fields like CMMP and space exploration is where the hundreds of billions of dollars poured into Iraq should have gone.
George Bush purports to support scientific research but his actions show otherwise. Using perhaps the most visible example, NASA's budget has not increased markedly during Bush's administration. The space shuttle is still being flown and no crash program to replace it has been initiated. Americans have not returned to the moon nor left for Mars.
In short, we have done nothing to advance ourselves. How long can this blaise approach to the business of high-tech competition be allowed to continue? Not long, in this writer's opinion.
Indeed, there are moral lines that should not be systematically crossed, the deliberate creation and destruction of human life perhaps first among them.
The president and other critics condemn the legislation as morally offensive because it would lead to the destruction of human embryos to derive stem cells.
But backers note the legislation would only permit scientists to use embryos left over from fertility treatments that would otherwise be discarded. They also say it could clear the way for possible medical advances that could help millions of people suffering with debilitating diseases.
But that position is rather transparent. Given a demand, economics dictates that there will come into existence a supply, whether through leftovers, as the bill suggests, or from deliberate fertilization for research and profit motives.
Is that wrong? Personally I do believe it is wrong. But I do not know. Can anyone be certain? In the area of human life and the possible implications of creating and destroying it on a massive scale it seems best to be conservative.
I am all for legitimate scientific research. But I am not convinced that embryonic stell cell research is even scientifically necessary or ethically desirable.
Consider the recent discovery by researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston showing that adult stem cells could produce insulin and potentially cure type 1 diabetes.
Clearly we haven't even come close to exhausting the possibilities presented by adult and umbilical sources of stem cells. If anything we've barely begun studying the potential applications of adult stem cells and have little idea what advances might be derived from them.
Note the last. Cleary American scientists are have been envious of their foreign counterparts who work in countries with less restrictive laws regarding embronic stem cells research. As Denner states, many scientists believe they need embryonic stem cells to show them the way.
But apparently, the destruction of fertilized eggs—flushed away as if they're useless—doesn't count as murder. Only using those fertilized eggs for valuable scientific research that could eventually save people's lives counts as murder in this president's mind. No one in this administration, with all their wordplay and posturing, has been able to dance around that stunning lack of logic.
We are being asked to believe that this president's opposition to embryonic stem-cell research has deep moral, religious and ethical roots. As we heard, the word "murder" is tossed around freely.
Yet this is a president who led us into a war with a patchwork quilt of lies. Thousands of American soldiers have died. Thousands more have returned horribly wounded, and we don't even know yet what toll posttraumatic stress disorder will take on those who obeyed their commander in chief and went to fight in Iraq. We may never know the complete death toll of Iraqi citizens, but we certainly know that some were raped and brutally executed. There have been many beheadings, sometimes of Americans who simply went to Iraq to help the people there, not to fight. Let us please not forget 26-year-old Nick Berg who was beheaded in May 2004. Where is President Bush's grief over all those deaths? He directs his moral outrage instead to the idea of using fertilized eggs, that would otherwise be destroyed, for potentially life-saving scientific research. He tells us it's because he cares so deeply about life.
Where was his care in the aftermath of Katrina? This president, when he finally did touch down in Louisiana, made a smirking remark about the good times he used to have in New Orleans. As if alluding to his hard-partying past was appropriate while people were suffering and dying in the Superdome, while bodies were lying bloated in the streets.
That bit of anti-Bush rabble-rousing may motivate the liberals to take up arms and pitchforks but it does nothing to prove the case for the research itself.
The pro-research position also leaves open the question of whether or not humans should seek to extend their life spans beyond what nature has allotted them.
We all want to live longer, healthier lives. And we all want our loved ones the do the same. And it would be great if crippled people like Christopher Reeve could rise and walk again.
But should we – on a global basis – attempt to live 10 or 20 years longer?
There are certain realities in the physical world that say otherwise. Listening to the environmental lobby makes it clear that a significant number of people believe that the Earth's environment is breaking down.
Whether that's proven is another matter. But the same people who blame industrial progress and growth – the natural condition of living men and women – for ruining the Earth seek to extend our lives well beyond what we have today. Where is the logic in those contradictory positions?
The truth is that all things die and that humans are and should be no different. Death is part of humanity's renewal process. If the old never leave them how can the young ever truly grow up, take over, and reach their potential?
Overpopulation is a very real problem and one that has been discussed for decades. Proponents of embryonic stem cell research would produce wondrous cures with the knowledge they expect to gain from their experiments, cures that would only exacerbate this fundamental problem.
It's unclear how they resolve these and other ethical dilemnas.
As for me, I think I've made my position clear.
Everyone wants to live longer, healthier lives, don't they? Actually, no, most Americans don't care enough about their quality of life to take the steps needed to maintain and improve their physical well-being. Call it anecdotal evidence if you want to but this claim seems self-evident: people say they care about their own bodies but they do not.
Americans are known for making bad eating choices. They are also becoming known for being an obese people because of the bad food they consume in too-large quantities and because of their consistent lack of exercise. These are also self-evident facts. Look around. Take it in.
American's average life expectancy is almost 78 years, far better than most countries around the world. Is it because of their astute dietary insights and demanding exercise regimens? Hardly. It's a result of the vast medical expenditures that we're making, expenditures that cannot be sustained over time, expenditures that are bankrupting MediCare and causing insurance premiums to rise astronomically.
The simple fact is that human bodies wear out and the more abuse they are subjected to the faster they deteriorate. Whose fault is it then when an overweight smoker and heavy drinker who has never exercised with anything heavier than a 12 ounce can of Blatz is diagnosed with heart disease or lung cancer? And who should bear the burden of the associated costs?
Furthermore, what steps should be taken to correct the medical problems in his life? Current medical science cannot save this man. For all intents and purposes he's the walking dead. Are we obligated to save him? At what expense and whose? Thinking on a long-term basis, what types of research are we bound to undertake for the sake of those who fail to care for themselves? Which sorts of experiments are needed and which, if any, should be off-limits?
Today's debates center around embryonic stem cell research because of the ethical issues involved and the potential for "life-saving" treatments that might be derived from experiments with human embryos.
The thing is that we're all dying. No life is every saved in any hospital. Life is prolonged, yes, but never saved permanently. To be clear, we're talking about quantities of time, that's all.
How these stem cells work and how they might be used to cure diseases and other health problems is not well-understood. We're at the level of Pasteur, peering into primitive lenses and trying to discern the work of an infinitely more advanced maker. Perhaps we can achieve an understanding of these cells' function and put them to use. Perhaps not.
The larger question is: Would something be lost in the attempt? What is the value of a human embryo? Is there any?
Yes. With its potential to create a human life, an embryo is inherently worth an indeteriminate value. In 100 years the value of this potential life could be said to be known with some accuracy; however, in the moment nothing is certain. What might, if that embryo is brought to fruition, take residence in the resulting body? Einstein, Hitler, or another Joe Sixpack – only God knows.
As much as I am a proponent of scientific advancement, I cannot advocate the creation of human embryos for the purpose of experimental research. The destruction of even the potential for human life seems somehow fraught with peril. In this I think President Bush is correct – we should not allow this to happen in America as an accepted scientific practice.
The primary opposing argument is that some other, less scrupulous country will simply perform the research in their own labs using their own, perhaps less controlled, techniques. And?
This new discovery indicates to me that more study is needed in regards to the ethics of medicine in general and stem cell research in particular. While it is sometimes wrong to wait and obtain a more complete understanding of the facts before taking action, nothing in the field of medical research demands undo haste.
After all, there's one thing that's certain about life – no one gets out of it alive.


a website sells creatively designed home furnishings to our daily life. We'd like to deliver a simple and easy lifestyle to our customers. The slogan is "living a simple life like a kid". I just wanna tell you more ideas we'd like to deliver. say, "living a simple life like a kid", it would be what? living a simple life like saying 1, 2, 3 ... you can imagine... :) keywords for the design would be "creative" & "simple". I hope the logo design look cool. And thanks for everyone. hope we do a great job.
what does the icon on the left side mean? and the font seems too random while the other one from you is too serious. can you put a balance from them?
I've got some idea here, maybe you can try a design by putting 123 in a house icon since we sell home furnishings for our daily life.
the box for 123 is great and creative. just the font size for slogan is too little. And can you change the font for the word "living"? thank you.
for the #84, your design is cool. only that we're selling creative home furnishings, not furniture.please check the "Furnishing" from Wikipedia. Thank you.
Hi, please share your feedback on #80. I've made a complete theme with a pictoral mark, a logo with the slogan containing the pictoral mark, and a logo without the slogan..
Design #70 for your consideration. I used the letter "g" to create a smiley. Any feedback is welcome.
About #55 hai,verahu.i see you are from HK,so my idea is to bring the number of 123 in kanji letter as you can see that my idea is simple and minimal incorporating yi=1 er=2 san=3 in kanji letter.Thanks.
but as u can see i brought those kanji letter in a very subtle way.as you mention before that you looking much like apple pictorial mark so i think this is the way to intepreting my idea.thank you.
yes, i'm from HK. but not our customers :) they are from all the English based countries around the world.
ok,but i think thats not a problem as my graphic image is universal looks.but if you dont like it i will try another shot.thank you.
hey kwik,if you're trying to design a pictoral mark like apple does, don't include the characters living123 and the slogan.
hi everyone, why no one try to design a pictoral mark like Apple does; we'd like something different and then we can know which is better and best.Thank you.
Hi CH, I have just submitted design #103. My approach was to keep the design simple and clean. In some of the earlier comments I noticed that you mentioned the target market for this site is primarily English speaking countries - I hope you don't mind, but I updated the slogan to a simple phrase 'Keep it simple'. Although I understand the feeling behind the slogan provided it doesn't resonate in English as I think was your intention. I am happy to incorporate the original slogan, but thought I would provide my input just in case. Thank you.
No problem verahu! Best of luck with the contest and finalizing your design selection.
Dear CH, please review my design #95 and provide with feedback if possible. Thank you and I hope you like it.


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"Awaiting on You All" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released on his 1970 triple album, All Things Must Pass. Along with the single "My Sweet Lord", it is among the more overtly religious compositions on All Things Must Pass, and the recording typifies co-producer Phil Spector's influence on the album, due to his liberal use of reverberation and other Wall of Sound production techniques. Harrison recorded the track in London backed by musicians such as Eric Clapton, Bobby Whitlock, Klaus Voormann, Jim Gordon and Jim Price – many of whom he had toured with, as Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, in December 1969, while still officially a member of the Beatles. Musically, the composition reflects Harrison's embracing of the gospel music genre, following his production of fellow Apple Records artists Billy Preston and Doris Troy.

In his lyrics to "Awaiting on You All", Harrison espouses a direct relationship with God over adherence to the tenets of organised religion. Influenced by both his association with London-based Hare Krishna devotees, known as the Radha Krishna Temple, and the Vedanta-inspired teachings of Swami Vivekananda, Harrison sings of chanting God's name as a means to cleanse and liberate oneself from the impurities of the material world. While acknowledging the validity of all faiths, in essence, his song words explicitly criticise the Pope and the perceived materialism of the Catholic Church – a verse that EMI and Capitol Records continue to omit from the album's lyrics. He also questions the validity of John Lennon and Yoko Ono's 1969 campaign for world peace, reflecting a divergence of philosophies between Harrison and his former bandmate after their shared interest in Hindu spirituality in 1967–68.

Several commentators have identified "Awaiting on You All" as one of the highlights of All Things Must Pass; author and critic Richard Williams likens it to the Spector-produced "River Deep – Mountain High", by Ike & Tina Turner. The track is featured in the books 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die by Robert Dimery and 1001 Songs by Toby Creswell. A similarly well-regarded live version, with backing from a large band including Clapton, Ringo Starr, Preston and Jim Keltner, was released on the 1971 album The Concert for Bangladesh and appeared in the 1972 film of the same name. Harrison's posthumous compilation Early Takes: Volume 1 (2012) includes a demo version of the song, recorded early in the 1970 sessions for All Things Must Pass.

Background
In his book While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Simon Leng describes George Harrison's musical projects outside the Beatles during 1969–70 – such as producing American gospel and soul artists Billy Preston and Doris Troy, and touring with Delaney & Bonnie and Friends – as the completion of "a musical-philosophical circle", which resulted in his post-Beatles solo album All Things Must Pass (1970). Among the songs on that triple album, "My Sweet Lord" and "Awaiting on You All" each reflect Harrison's immersion in Krishna Consciousness, via his association with the UK branch of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), known as the Radha Krishna Temple. An ISKCON devotee since 1970, author Joshua Greene writes of All Things Must Pass providing an "intimately detailed account of a spiritual journey", which had begun with Harrison's embracing of Hinduism while in India in September–October 1966.

Having long disavowed the Catholic faith of his upbringing, from 1966 Harrison was inspired by the teachings of Indian yogi Swami Vivekananda. The latter's contention that "Each soul is potentially divine, the goal is to manifest that divinity" particularly resonated with Harrison in its contrast to the doctrine of the Catholic Church. By 1967, Harrison's religious awakening had progressed to include Gaudiya Vaishnava chanting, a form of meditation that he shared with his Beatles bandmate John Lennon and would go on to espouse in "Awaiting on You All". Further to Vivekananda's assertion, chanting the Hare Krishna or other Sanskrit-worded mantras has, author Gary Tillery writes, "the ability to send spiritual energy through the body, leading to the enlightenment of the person chanting".

Whereas Lennon's interest in spiritual matters waned following the Beatles' visit to India in 1968, Harrison's involvement with the Radha Krishna Temple led to him producing two hit singles by the devotees over 1969–70, "Hare Krishna Mantra" and "Govinda". While Lennon and his partner, Yoko Ono, undertook a highly publicised campaign for world peace during 1969, Harrison believed that all human suffering could be averted if individuals focused on addressing their own imperfections rather than, as he put it, "trying to fix everybody else up like the Lone Ranger". This divergence in philosophy also formed part of Harrison's subject matter for "Awaiting on You All", a song that, Greene writes, "projected his message to the world".

Composition

In an October 1974 radio interview with Alan Freeman, Harrison recalled writing "Awaiting on You All" while preparing to go to bed, and mentioned it as a composition that had come easily to him. In his autobiography, I, Me, Mine, Harrison states that his inspiration for the song was "Japa Yoga meditation", whereby mantras are sung and counted out on prayer beads. Musically, the composition has elements of gospel and rock music; Leng describes it as "gospel-drenched" and cites Harrison's production of "Sing One for the Lord", which Preston recorded with the Edwin Hawkins Singers in early 1970, as a "catalyst" for the new composition. The song opens with a descending guitar riff, later repeated after each chorus, which ends on the melody's root chord of B major.

In his lyrics to "Awaiting on You All", Harrison conveys the importance of experiencing spirituality directly, while rejecting organised religion as well as political and intellectual substitutes. Author Ian Inglis writes that the lyrics recognise the merit in all faiths, as Harrison sings that the key to any religion is to "open up your heart". The choruses proclaim that individual freedom from the physical or material world can be attained through "chanting the names of the Lord", implying that there is a single deity who happens to be called by different names depending on the faith.

The song's three verses provide a list of items or concepts that are unnecessary to this realisation. The opening lines – "You don't need no love-in / You don't need no bed pan" – serve as a criticism of Lennon and Ono's bed-ins and other forms of peace activism during 1969. While Inglis views these words as indicative of a possible rift in Harrison's relationship with Lennon, Leng identifies the "tongue-lashing for John and Yoko" as the singer dismissing "all political-cum-intellectual musings". Harrison then uses what Christian theologian Dale Allison terms "the language of pollution" to describe the problems afflicting the world, and offers a method by which to cleanse oneself spiritually.

In verse two, Harrison sings of the futility of passports and travel for those searching to "see Jesus", since an open heart will reveal that Christ is "right there". Allison remarks on the song expressing Harrison's "syncretistic view of Jesus", a view he shared with Lennon, and cites comments that Harrison later made to Radha Krishna Temple co-founder Mukunda Goswami, that Christ was "an absolute yogi" yet modern-day Christian teachers misrepresent him and "[let] him down very badly".

In the song's final verse, Harrison states that churches, temples, religious texts and the rosary beads associated with Catholic worship are no substitute for a direct relationship with God. These symbols of organised religion "meant searching in the wrong places", Tillery writes, when in keeping with Vivekananda's philosophy, "the spark of the divine is within us all. Every person is therefore the child of God ..." AllMusic critic Lindsay Planer comments on Harrison's "observation of [religious] repression" in the lines "We've been kept down so long / Someone's thinking that we're all green."

Harrison's most scathing criticism is directed at the Pope, in the lines: "While the Pope owns 51% of General Motors / And the stock exchange is the only thing he's qualified to quote us." Contrasting this statement with Harrison's song-wide message that God "waits on us to wake up and open our hearts", Allison concludes: "whereas the Lord is about the business of helping human beings to wake up, the Pope is about the business of business."

In his book No Sympathy for the Devil, Dave Ware Stowe writes of the effect of "Awaiting on You All" on Evangelical Christian sensibilities: "this was dangerous stuff. Harrison's lyrics exemplified what many in the Jesus Movement considered a lure and snare of the devil. No doubt the song was spiritually resonant, even reverent, but it leaves the all-important object of veneration vague."

While identifying a similar ISKCON-inspired theme in Harrison's 1973 song "The Lord Loves the One (That Loves the Lord)", Allison discusses "Awaiting on You All" as a precedent for further statements by Harrison against organised religion, particularly Catholicism. Among these, Harrison parodied the Last Supper in his inner-gatefold artwork for Living in the Material World (1973), dressed as a Catholic priest and again mocking the "perceived materialism and violence of the Roman church", according to Allison. In addition, in his role as film producer, Harrison supported Monty Python's controversial parodying of the biblical story of Christ in Life of Brian (1979), about which he said: "Actually, [the film] was upholding Him and knocking all the idiotic stuff that goes on around religion."

Production

Phil Spector's involvement
Harrison and American producer Phil Spector began discussing the possibility of Harrison recording a solo album of songs in early 1970, after they had worked together on Lennon's Plastic Ono Band single "Instant Karma!" Before then, to show his support for Spector's comeback from self-imposed retirement, Harrison had supplied a written endorsement of the producer's work on the Ike & Tina Turner album River Deep – Mountain High, when A&M Records issued the three-year-old recordings in 1969. Long a fan of Spector's sound, Harrison praised River Deep – Mountain High with the words: "a perfect record from start to finish. You couldn't improve on it."

Beatles biographer Peter Doggett suggests that Harrison had intended to make an entire album of devotional songs but, with that not being "an appropriate dish to set before Phil Spector", Harrison chose to delay starting work on All Things Must Pass and instead continued his activities with the Radha Krishna Temple. It was only after Paul McCartney's departure from the Beatles, and the band's break-up, that Harrison finally began sessions for his solo album – in late May 1970, at Abbey Road Studios in London. Noting Spector's application of his signature Wall of Sound production on "Awaiting on You All", Inglis writes that, but for Harrison's lyrics, the song "could be mistaken for the instrumental track of a song by the Ronettes", one of Spector's girl-group protégés during the 1960s.

Recording
The line-up of musicians on the basic track included Harrison and Eric Clapton, on electric guitars; bassists Klaus Voormann and Carl Radle, one of whom plays six-string bass; and drummer Jim Gordon, who formed Derek and the Dominos with Clapton and Radle during the sessions. In addition, Bobby Whitlock, the fourth member of the Dominos – all of whom were formerly part of Delaney & Bonnie and Friends – recalls playing Hammond organ on the song. Authors Chip Madinger and Mark Easter note the presence of a piano part on the recording as well.

In his 2010 autobiography, Whitlock writes of Lennon and Ono visiting the studio during the All Things Must Pass sessions, during which Lennon "got his socks blown off" by the music Harrison was recording. The Hare Krishna devotees regularly attended the sessions also; Spector later cited their presence as an example of how Harrison inspired tolerance in non-believers, since the Temple devotees could be "the biggest pain in the necks in the world", according to Spector. Among the many unreleased songs from the All Things Must Pass sessions, Harrison recorded his all-Sanskrit composition "Gopala Krishna", which Leng describes as "a rocking companion to 'Awaiting on You All'".

Madinger and Easter view "Awaiting on You All" as one of the more "heavily Spectorized" productions on All Things Must Pass, due to Spector's liberal use of echo and other Wall of Sound techniques. Among the extensive overdubs on the basic track, Harrison added what Leng terms a "virtual guitar orchestra" of harmonised slide guitar parts, and former Delaney & Bonnie musicians Jim Price and Bobby Keys supplied horns. Whitlock and Clapton sang backing vocals with Harrison, credited on the album as "the George O'Hara-Smith Singers".

The recording also features prominent percussion such as tambourine and maracas. While the precise line-up on many of the songs on All Things Must Pass continues to invite conjecture, Badfinger drummer Mike Gibbins has said that Spector nicknamed him "Mr Tambourine Man" due to his role on that instrument throughout the sessions, and that he and future Yes drummer Alan White played most of the percussion parts on the album, "switch[ing] on tambourine, sticks, bells, maracas ... whatever was needed".

Release
Apple Records released All Things Must Pass on 27 November 1970, with "Awaiting on You All" sequenced as the penultimate track on side three, in the original LP format, preceding the album's title song. Of the 23 tracks released on All Things Must Pass, it was one of the few overtly religious songs. Concerned at the potential offensiveness of the lyrics, EMI omitted verse three of "Awaiting on You All" from the lyric sheet. Madinger and Easter write that the lyrical content of this verse "probably shot down any chances of it being the hit single it could otherwise have been".

Issued during a period when rock music was increasingly reflecting spiritual themes, All Things Must Pass was a major commercial success, outselling releases that year by Harrison's former bandmates, and topping albums charts throughout the world. Describing the impact of the album, with reference to "Awaiting on You All"'s exhortation to "chant the names of the Lord", author Nicholas Schaffner wrote of Harrison being "rewarded with a Number One single all over the world" with "My Sweet Lord".

Reception
On release, Rolling Stone critic Ben Gerson described "Awaiting on You All" as "a Lesley Gore rave-up in which George manages to rhyme 'visas' with 'Jesus'". While he considered that lyrics such as "You've been polluted so long" "carry an air of sanctimoniousness and moral superiority which is offensive", Gerson added: "Remarkably, he vindicates these lapses." Writing for the same magazine 30 years later, Anthony DeCurtis opined that "the heart of All Things Must Pass resides in its songs of spiritual acceptance", and grouped "Awaiting on You All" with "My Sweet Lord" and "All Things Must Pass" as Harrison compositions that "capture the sweet satisfactions of faith". In his 1970 review for the NME, Alan Smith described "Awaiting on You All" as "a rapid fire thumper with good chord progressions" and "one of the better tracks" on the album. AllMusic critic Richie Unterberger views "Awaiting on You All" as a highlight of a collection on which "nearly every song is excellent", while author and critic Bob Woffinden lists it with "My Sweet Lord", "Isn't It a Pity" and "What Is Life" as "all excellent songs".

In his book Phil Spector: Out of His Head, Richard Williams writes that, unlike Lennon and McCartney on their 1970 solo albums, "Harrison concentrated on pure joyous melodies – the kind of songs that had made the group so loved", and he says of "Awaiting on You All": "Spector repaid Harrison for his benediction on the Ike and Tina Turner album cover by turning it into a virtual remake of 'River Deep – Mountain High'." Mark Ribowsky, another Spector biographer, writes of the producer's contribution to this and other songs on All Things Must Pass: "Phil's rhythmically pounding basses and drum feels sutured George's sentimentality with cheerful energy and made Indian asceticism into dance music." Simon Leng describes "Awaiting on You All" as a "hot gospel stomper" and "the most successful example of Spector's work on the album". Writing for NME Originals in 2005, Adrian Thrills named "Awaiting on You All" and "Wah-Wah" as examples of "a tendency to over-egg the mix" on the otherwise "magnificent" All Things Must Pass, adding: "it is hard to think of another big rock album on which the tambourine is shaken quite so relentlessly."

In his AllMusic article on the song, Lindsay Planer views it as "somewhat of a sacred rocker" with "ample lead guitar", and comments that Harrison's lyrics "cleverly [draw] upon an array of disparate imagery to convey a conversely simple spiritual revelation". Harrison biographer Alan Clayson considers the track "more uplifting" than "My Sweet Lord" and remarks on the aptness of Harrison's subject matter in 1970–71, when religious texts such as the Bible, the Koran and ISKCON's Chant and Be Happy "now had discreet places on hip bookshelves". Former Mojo editor Mat Snow describes the song as "glorious white gospel", in which Harrison "rejects the Catholicism of his Liverpool upbringing".

"Awaiting on You All" has featured in the music reference books 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die by Robert Dimery and 1001 Songs by Australian critic Toby Creswell. The latter describes the combination of Harrison's "tasteful" guitar parts and the "galloping" rhythm section as "sublime and divine". In Dimery's book, contributor Bruno MacDonald writes of the track: "'Awaiting on You All' has a timeless exuberance that even Beatles-haters should experience."

Live version
"Awaiting on You All" was one of the songs Harrison played at the Concert for Bangladesh, held at Madison Square Garden, New York, on 1 August 1971. Featuring backing from a band including Clapton, Voormann, Ringo Starr, Leon Russell, Billy Preston, Jim Keltner and Jim Horn, Harrison performed the song at both the afternoon and the evening shows. The latter performance was included on the Concert for Bangladesh live album, which Spector again co-produced, and in the film of the concert. Joshua Greene comments on there being a "logical chronology" to the first three songs in Harrison's setlist for this second show: "starting with 'Wah Wah,' which declared his independence from the Beatles; followed by 'My Sweet Lord,' which celebrated his internal discovery of God and spirit; and then 'Awaiting on You All'".

Writing in Rolling Stone, Jon Landau compared the less-polished performance of "Awaiting on You All" with the studio version's "perfect production" and concluded: "it is exhilarating to hear his voice clearly singing the song for the first time, likewise the excellent guitar." In his album review for Melody Maker, Williams wrote of Harrison's opening trio of songs: "Unbelievably, they're as good as the originals, and in some ways even better, because they combine the power of the arrangements for horns and rhythm with a sense of joy that comes only in live performance. The two drummers (Ringo and Jim Keltner) are just breathtaking on 'Awaiting' ..." Planer also compliments what he calls "the tag-team percussion" of Starr and Keltner, which "driv[es] through the heart of the performance".

Reissue and other versions
In February 2001, during his extensive promotion for the 30th anniversary reissue of All Things Must Pass, Harrison named "Awaiting on You All" among his three favourite tracks on the album. The electronic press kit accompanying the release included a scene where Harrison plays back the song at his Friar Park studio and isolates certain parts of the recording in turn, such as the backing vocals and slide guitars. In the CD booklet, Harrison's liner notes conclude with a thank-you to "the amazing Mr. Phil Spector" and the acknowledgement: "He helped me so much to get this record made. In his company I came to realise the true value of the Hare Krishna Mantra." The Pope-related lyrics in "Awaiting on You All" were again omitted from the booklet; they similarly do not appear on the lyric sheet supplied with the 2014 Apple Years reissue.

Part of the 2001 playback scene was included in Martin Scorsese's documentary George Harrison: Living in the Material World, and an early take from the 1970 sessions appeared on the bonus disc accompanying that film's DVD release in late 2011. This demo version, which Harrison introduces as "Awaiting for You All", was included on the compilation Early Takes: Volume 1 (2012). Referring to Harrison's stated regret at the amount of echo Spector used on All Things Must Pass, compilation producer Giles Martin says of the song's sparse arrangement on Early Takes: "I think this is really cool, it's got a good basic band groove, I think of it as George breaking down a wall of sound."

In 1971, Detroit band Silver Hawk released a cover version of "Awaiting on You All" as a single, which peaked at number 108 on Billboard magazine's Bubbling Under listings. In Canada, Silver Hawk's single climbed to number 49 on the RPM Top 100. A cover "worth mentioning", according to Planer, is a version recorded by pedal steel guitarist Joe Goldmark, released on the 1997 tribute album Steelin' the Beatles.

Personnel
According to authors Simon Leng and Bruce Spizer, the line-up of musicians on "Awaiting on You All" is as follows:

George Harrison – vocals, electric guitar, slide guitars, backing vocals
Eric Clapton – electric guitar, backing vocals
Bobby Whitlock – organ, backing vocals
Klaus Voormann – bass
Carl Radle – bass
Jim Gordon – drums
Jim Price – trumpet, trombone, horn arrangement
Bobby Keys – saxophones
Mike Gibbins – tambourine
uncredited – piano
uncredited – maracas

Notes

References

Sources

 George Harrison: Living in the Material World DVD. Village Roadshow, 2011. (Directed by Martin Scorsese; produced by Olivia Harrison, Nigel Sinclair, Martin Scorsese.)

 Harris, John (July 2001). "A Quiet Storm". Mojo. pp. 66–74.

 Hunt, Chris (ed.) (2005). NME Originals: Beatles – The Solo Years 1970–1980. London: IPC Ignite!.

 Whitlock, Bobby; with Roberty, Mark (2010). Bobby Whitlock: A Rock 'n' Roll Autobiography. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. .

1970 songs
George Harrison songs
Songs written by George Harrison
Song recordings produced by George Harrison
Song recordings produced by Phil Spector
Music published by Harrisongs
Song recordings with Wall of Sound arrangements
Songs critical of religion
Indian mythology in music
Songs about popes
Criticism of the Catholic Church

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Revision as of 13:29, 6 June 2022 by Oscarius (talk | contribs) (1 revision imported)
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3.1 Launch
3.2 Token allocation
3.3 Utility
3.4 Token Details
3.5 SiaFund
4 Coin Distribution
5 Tech
5.1 Transaction Details
5.2 How it works
5.3 Mining
5.4 Staking
5.5 Liquidity Mining
5.6 Scaling
5.7 Interoperability
5.8 Other Details
6 Privacy Method being used
7 Oracle Method being used
8 Their Other Projects
8.1 DEX
9 Governance
9.2 Self Funding Mechanism
10 Upgrades
11 Roadmap
12 Audits
12.1 Bugs
13 Usage
13.1 Projects that use or built on it
14 Competition
15 Pros and Cons
16 Team, partnerships, investors, etc.
16.1 Team
16.2 Partnerships
16.3 Investors
First stable release was published on June 2016
Based in: Boston
From Messari:
"Sia is a platform for decentralized cloud data storage, getting built by a team at Boston-based Nebulous Inc., founded in 2014. The aim is to provide a platform that allows for peer-hosted storage of files, without the need for a single centralized entity. Sia itself would store only the storage contracts formed between the parties."
Is focused on bringing full decentralized disaster recovery to market. Knowing nothing more than a wallet seed, a user should be able to recover their most precious data.
From the Sia website History page:
"Originally, Sia used Proof of Storage consensus, not Proof of Work. Hosts would be grouped into "quorums" that were jointly responsible for storing users' files. The wallet was also fully scriptable, with its own bytecode interpreter capable of arbitrary computation. However, towards the end of the Summer, David discovers some insurmountable flaws in the Proof of Storage algorithm. By this time, David was active in the Bitcoin core developer community, and his understanding of cryptocurrency's unique challenges had greatly matured. The team made the difficult decision to throw out all the existing code and start over from scratch. The new iteration of Sia was based very closely on Bitcoin, deviating only to improve its known deficiencies and to add the transaction type that enables storage contracts."
From their own History page:
"Sia was originally conceived by David Vorick during the Summer of 2013. He discusses the idea with Luke Champine over email, calling it "the Nimbus network." At the HackMIT hackathon in September, David formally outlines the concept in the first draft of a whitepaper. David shares his idea with friends at college and they begin programming a prototype. Luke Champine becomes involved with the project when David asks him to review a presentation outlining the idea, now called "Bytecoin."
In early 2014, the project is renamed once more to "Sia," after the Egyptian god of perception, and is announced on BitcoinTalk. Seeing the positive response, David decides to turn the project into a startup company and work on Sia full-time. David and Luke apply to the Y Combinator startup accelerator in April. They make it past the initial screen and fly out to California for an interview, but are ultimately rejected. The rejection letter states: "we feel that this project will take significantly longer to build than you anticipate, and may require additional domain expertise." (David and Luke had told the interviewers that Sia would be ready for release within three months.)
After a BitcoinTalk user fraudulently raises money using David's hand-drawn diagrams, David realizes that there is sufficient interest in Sia to raise money via crowdfunding. "Sianotes" are sold via Bitcoin and on the NXT Asset Exchange, and are later convertible to Siafunds. The crowdfund is successful, and Nebulous, Inc. is formally incorporated soon after."
From The Block (23-9-2020):
"Nebulous raised around $120,000 via a token sale in 2014. Last year, it reached a settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission over an unregistered securities offering and paid nearly $225,000 in penalties."
The developers mined the first 100 blocks or so before releasing the code and miner to the public. Other than these first blocks, there was no premine for Siacoins.
The initial block reward was 300,000 siacoins. Each block reward after that is one siacoin smaller than the previous block reward (299,999, then 299,998, and so on). When the block reward reaches 30,000, all remaining blocks will give a 30,000 siacoin reward. The block time is 10 minutes.
Token supply: "Unlimited – there will never be a cap on the number of Siacoins generated. Humans produce so much data that it is effectively a limitless amount – and when Sia is the industry standard storage layer of the Internet, we'll need lots of Siacoins to fulfill all those contracts. Additionally, the Proof of Burn mechanic (more on this later) functions to eliminate coins from the supply, so there needs to be a constant allowance of new Siacoins being created. As of July 2018, about 35.4 billions coins have been created, but the number of new coins introduced will slow as each new block is produced. By 2020, we should have about 45 billion coins in circulation."
Utility token: "The most important features of Sia can only be accessed by using Siacoins. All storage contracts and all Sia payment channels require owning Siacoins. This requirement means that as Sia grows in usage, so too will demand for Siacoins. As demand grows, the price will increase. If Sia is being used for billions of dollars of storage, billions of dollars of Siacoins will be required. The value of the Siacoin is inextricably tied to the amount of storage in use on the Sia network."
Token Details
Each Siacoin is composed of 10^24 indivisible units (hastings).
SiaFund
Sia has a second cryptocurrency called the Siafund (SF). 3.9% of all successful storage contract payouts go to the holders of the Siafunds.
There are 10,000 siafunds in total, and all 10,000 are completely premined.
Sia's parent company, Nebulous Inc., holds 8835 of these Siafunds. The remaining Siafunds were sold in a crowdfund which helped finance Sia's early development.
The primary goal of Siafunds is to provide a way to finance the development of Sia without relying on donations or a premine. More people using Sia means more funding available to hire more developers.
"Instead of pre-mining a certain amount of Siacoin, Nebulous intends to generate revenue from a fees on all contracts. This is done through the existence of so-called siafunds. When a contract is created, 3.9% of the contract fund is removed and distributed to the holders of siafunds. Nebulous Inc started off holding 88%, with the remainder held by early crowd-fund backers of Sia.. Siafunds can be transferred to other addresses but not used as payments on the platform."
Update: "Nebulous, Inc. originally owned all 10,000, but over the years have conducted multiple Siafund sales to fund development. As of April 2019, Nebulous holds about 8,600 and the rest have been issues to third parties."
From the Sia website:
"An Initial Public Offering (IPO) was announced on May 13, 2014 with the idea of selling 1250 SiaNotes for fundraising 250BTC (at that time about $100,000) on the NXT Asset Exchange platform. That meant a value of 0.167BTC per SiaNote or 2400 NXT or $73.
The huge interest on the project drove to finally sell them for $192 (about 0.5BTC at the time) per SiaNote during the IPO, representing a total fundraising of about $240,000. All SiaNotes were sold in two days.
SiaNotes were later redeemed at 1:1 ratio by current SiaFunds during early 2015."
In an AMA the question was raised why the team hasn't sold more SiaFunds to the public:
"We didn't sell any siafunds in the last round because we didn't need to."
From Proof of Work #76 (16-10-2019):
"Nebulous announced their settlement for Siafunds sold in 2014. This is a landmark crypto settlement that may influence many other coins that have had a securities sale in the last few years." The fine was $225,000 for a $120,000 unregistered sale.
Coin Distribution
Whitepaper can be found here (29-11-2014).
Code can be viewed here.
Programming language used:
Capacity (TPS):
Latency:
Proof of Burn:
"In the future, we'll be implementing a mechanic called Proof of Burn. Using this, sellers of storage on the network will burn coins to prove that they are real and have good intentions towards the network. It also offers another layer of network security."
"Hosts burn coins by sending them to a provably unspendable address. Hosts are expected to burn a portion of their revenue (~4%) as a demonstration that they are real. Renters will select hosts that have burned coins with a probability that grows in a linear relationship to the total number of coins burned. Therefore, a host that has burned 2x as many coins will be twice as likely to be selected as another host that has all other factors the same. This provides a very important defence against Sybil attacks. An attacker that is trying to manipulate a renter will need to have all of the excess redundancy of a file before being able to commit an attack. For a file with 3x redundancy, that means the attacker will need to get at least 2.1x of that redundancy, which means that the attacker will need to burn enough coins to look like 67% of the network. That entails burning 1.5x as many coins as the rest of the network has burned combined. Especially as the network grows and matures, collecting that many coins is going to be prohibitive."
"In the platform, files of individual users will be broken up and spread across a number of storage providers, known as hosts. These hosts will need to provide proof of file storage on a regular basis in order to receive payment and not be penalized. Payment is in the form of Siacoin and penalties involve the host losing Siacoin collateral that was put up. The proofs provided by hosts are available on the Sia blockchain for verification by miners, who also receive payment in the form of Siacoin for their verification work."
"Sia is being built as a derivative of Bitcoin, with the additional required support for the creation and enforcement of contracts. These contracts contain a number of items of information including a hash, duration of the contract, frequency of challenges and payment parameters including the reward for a valid proof and for an invalid or missing proof. If a valid proof is provided during the required window an automatic payment goes to the host. If the proof is missing or invalid the coins are sent to a "missed proof" address, likely an unspendable address.
Hosts will be able to advertise themselves in different ways, e.g. as highly reliable, requiring a higher price and with higher penalties for losing files, or as less reliable, with lower prices but with lower penalties for losing files. The intention is for this to result in an optimized, efficient market place."
SIA partners (28-6-2020) with Quant Network to establish blockchain interoperability solutions for financial institutions.
Privacy Method being used
From the website (18-3-2021):
"Completely Private. Sia encrypts and distributes your files across a decentralized network. You control your private encryption keys and you own your data. No outside company or third party can access or control your files, unlike traditional cloud storage providers."
Oracle Method being used
Their Other Projects
From Decrypt (9-9-2020):
"Sia's co-founder, Luke Champine, posted a proposal to reddit calling for the creation of the Sia Foundation, with Champine as president. Though posted by Champine, the proposal refers to "we" throughout, suggesting that it comes from the entire Sia team and/or Nebulous. (Champine has not yet responded to a request for comment.)
The foundation would theoretically play a large role in pushing the Sia blockchain forward, but to fund it, Champine proposes a hard fork of the protocol. Each block reward would be doubled from the current rate of 30,000 Siacoins (roughly $94) so that an additional 30,000 goes to a Foundation Fund. There would also be a one-time transfer of 1.57 billion Siacoins ($4.94 million) after the hard fork. In other words, Champine et al are proposing expanding the coin supply; annual inflation for 2021 could run as high as 10.4%—though the proposal calls for capping the amount in the fund at 5% of total supply and burning any unused coins.
Additionally, the foundation would be tasked with maintaining and improving the core software, controlling a legal defense fund, deploying security upgrades to defend from attack, promoting adoption of the coin, and getting it more exchange listings. Twenty-five percent of the funds would go to things like "grants, bounties, hackathons, and other community-driven endeavours." All funds, Champine wrote, will be managed by a multisig."
From their blog (13-1-2021):
"Sia v1.5.4 was released today, marking an important chapter in Sia's history. This release incorporates the Foundation subsidy hardfork, which is scheduled to activate around midnight, February 3rd, at block height 298,000. The hardfork introduces a subsidy that will fund the Sia Foundation, a new non-profit entity charged with supporting, developing, and promoting the Sia network."
"The hardfork was a resounding success. All Sia network infrastructure like exchanges and pools upgraded."
Self Funding Mechanism
The Sia network hardforked to reject all ASICs on the network except for Obelisk miners. Was implemented on October 31st at a block height of 179,000. Blog post on the matter by the founder can be read here AMA by the team on the matter can be read here. In the AMA the team claims Obelisk does not mine itself, but only sells the hardware. Most of the questions were very critical towards the new move.
CoinDesk has reported (10-2018) on the Sia trying to block other ASIC companies except its own Obelisk:
"David Vorick, founder and CEO of Nebulous told CoinDesk that Sia will soon move to enact a software change meant to block certain types of specialized mining hardware from the platform, allowing hardware manufactured by Nebulous subsidiary Obelisk to remain one of the only ways to collect the blockchain's lucrative cryptocurrency rewards.
"Sia's decided to fork to obsolete or brick the Innosilicon and Bitmain hardware," Vorick said, referring to Obelisk's rival manufacturers of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) mining equipment for Siacoin.
Still, Vorick portrayed the code change as a near-unanimous decision taken by the community, and this Reddit thread – the closest thing to an official vote that was held in the community – appears to show broad support for the decision. (Side note: the AMA was very critical and it did not seem like there was consensus) The sentiments expressed represent a change from January, when another proposal to similarly fork Siacoin failed.
During those months of back-and-forth, some community members appeared just as concerned about Nebulous' consolidation of power as they were about Bitmain or Innosilicon (the latter, Vorick made clear, is the "monopoly" he has in mind).
Meanwhile, some in the community saw a fork as amounting to a bailout of Obelisk by Nebulous – a way to turn back the clock on production delays, political rifts and threats of legal action. Obelisk missed its June 30 target for shipping the first batch of ASICs by weeks, leading to threats of legal action from at least two parties, as CoinDesk reported in August. The Reddit post containing the proposal argues, however, that it "seeks to protect the community members who invested in Obelisk ASIC units," not the company itself.
Vorick said that Innosilicon controls 37.5 percent of the network's total mining power through its own mining operation. The company also sells ASICs to other miners. Since they "have the only rig capable of competing," Vorick wrote, Innosilicon is able to charge an estimated 100 percent markup on this hardware.
Speaking to CoinDesk, he described the method behind the so-called Sia kill switch, or the software change to disable hardware which the fork will activate: "Basically blake2b [Sia's hash algorithm] is a circuit, and we added just a tiny extension in a clever place that you wouldn't just naively think to add that extension. So basically we made our circuit just very slightly more complex in a very sort of random way, and this is something that we do not expect anyone else to have anticipated."
As a result, as soon as the network's nodes adopt the upgrade, chips designed to run the unaltered blake2b algorithm will be useless for mining Siacoin."
The fork had been activated on block 179,000, which took about 14.6 hours to be mined because of a bug in the difficulty adjustment algorithm, causing it to need a block to be mined before the difficulty adjustment kicks in to significantly drop the difficulty. The main chain continues with Sia version 1.3.7 and above.
A fork did result, called Sia Classic, according to a redditor:
"I think the consensus was that it was propped up by Innosilicon, one of the mining companies that got booted off the network. Either way, they now have no devs, ops, partnerships, hosts, or renters."
Weirdly enough now (8-2019) a miningpool called Luxor owns 77% of the network hashrate" and when the team was asked about it in an AMA they said "one centralized pool is not that big of a deal." Which is a bit strange after the who Innosilicon ban. The Luxor pool is know to give 10% of their own 2% fee to Sia core devs. The COO of Luxor is Eddie Wang, also a software engineer for Sia.
There are three other mining pools, Siamining (32% on 8-2019), HyperPool (0.2%) and F2pool (0.0%)
Two other Sia forks are Sia Prime and Hyperspace. From the Sia website:
"2018-07-01 Hyperspace fork
Early June 2018 community member Mark (known as 'toaster' at that time) announced that he would fork the Sia codebase and start his own project based on Sia called Hyperspace with a new currency called Space Cash (XSC). On the first of July all addresses on the Sia blockchain would be credited one tenth of the amount of siacoins they held in Space Cash. The total size of the airdrop was 3.5 billion Space Cash. A snapshot of the Sia blockchain was done on block 161,358 for a 10:1 (SC:XSC) ratio airdrop.
At the launch of the network an additional 600 million Space Cash was generated and distributed among developers and contributors to the Sia project. Developers NickH (Luxor mining), darval (Open source mining pool), RBZL (siasetup.info), Fornax (pixeldrain.com), drexel (siadrive), tbenz9 (Sia developer / documenter), hakkane (siastats.info), sebdude (siaberry), bryan (easysia.com) and atreides (Hyperspace contributor) received 54 million time locked Space Cash. Contributors CryptoHaag, moonshot, Wibs, Aura89, MasterHW and Spacing Radar101 received 10 million time locked Space Cash. These users are now all moderators in the Hyperspace discord server. The distributed coins would be locked until Hyperspace block 157,680 which should be mined roughly three years after the genesis of the blockchain."
Can be found here (18-3-2021).
Wants to get into files haring and streaming. But are considered long term goals.
From Proof of Work #74 (21-9-2019):
"Matt published a roadmap update for 2019, detailing the next priorities of the development team: clearer financials, support for small files, continuous backups, and an SDK library for developers. For the long term, file sharing and a multi-device file system experience are planned."
Bug bounty program can be found [insert here].
Numbers from the website (18-3-2021):
2.5PB Storage Capacity
395 Storage Providers
608TB Used Storage
1.2M Downloads
Numbers of Skynet, according to their blog (11-3-2021):
"1 million unique users. 5 million uploads. 25 million downloads. Hundreds of decentralized apps."
Projects that use or built on it
Team, partnerships, investors, etc.
Full team can be found [here].
David Vorick; founder & CEO of Nebulous (the startup behind Sia and Skynet, which has now rebranded to Skynet Labs 23-9-2020)., lead dev
Luke Champine; co-founder, core dev
Chris Schinnerl; core dev
Zach Herbert; COO (also works for Obelisk)
Matt Sevey; core dev
Manasi Vora: Head of Product Strategy, led the MIT Bitcoin Expo
Marcin; "graduated with a bachelor's degree from MIT in computer science with a minor in mathematics. Marcin is very active in the Bitcoin space, having served as President of the MIT Bitcoin Club, interned at Chaincode Labs, and worked as a researcher at MIT's Digital Currency Initiative."
Eddie Wang, a software engineer for Sia and COO of the Luxor pool that has 77% (8-2019) of the Sia hashrate.
The CEO Vorick told CoinDesk the company has now raised a total of $6.3 million since launching in 2014.
Boston-based Nebulous, makers of the Sia network, recently closed a $3.5 million pre–Series A round led by Bain Capital Ventures, along with participants like Bessemer Venture Partners and Dragonfly Capital Partners.
Prior to the round led by Bain Capital Ventures, Nebulous was funded by Raptor Group, First Star Ventures, Fenbushi Capital, and INBlockchain (a grant of 400k).
"Sia Tech, the blockchain startup behind the namesake decentralized cloud storage platform, has raised $3 million in seed funding to speed up the development of "free Internet." The seed funding round was led by Paradigm, with participation from Bain Capital Ventures and Dragonfly Capital Partners, among others. Nebulous raised around $120,000 via a token sale in 2014. Last year, it reached a settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission over an unregistered securities offering and paid nearly $225,000 in penalties."
Retrieved from "https://cryptocurrencywiki.org/index.php?title=SiaCoin_(SC)&oldid=39827"
Coins/Tokens

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Kjell A Nordström
Kjell A Nordström is an economist, speaker and writer, who has gained a reputation as one of the twenty-first century's leading management gurus. As well as enjoying a successful academic and writing career, he has advised leading multinationals and the UK government, and spoken to audiences across the world.
Nordström's early training was in engineering, but he followed this up by studying economics, going on to gain a PhD from the Stockholm School of Economics. He has since served as an assistant professor at the school's Institute of International Business, and has written and co-written several works on business, the future of capitalism, and leadership. He has spent two and a half decades consulting for public and private sector organisations on subjects such as multinational corporations, corporate strategy and globalisation, and is regularly featured in the media including on CNN and CNBC.
Nordström frequently collaborates with fellow Swedish thinker and author Jonas Ridderstråle, with whom he often speaks and has co-written several published works. The pair have written Funky Business – Talent Makes Capital Dance, which has become an international bestseller, sold over one million copies, and has been translated into 33 languages, and its successful follow-up Karaoke Capitalism – Management for Mankind. Nordström and Ridderstråle were jointly ranked number one in Europe in the Thinkers 50 bi-annual ranking of management thinkers. In his 2015 book Urban Express, co-authored with Per Schlingmann, Nordström examines the present and looks to the possible future of the global economy, suggesting '15 Urban Laws' to navigate it safely and profitably.
Book Kjell A Nordström


text:
NH Debate: silly moderators, focused candidates
First off, the huge losers in the debate were the left-wing ABC moderators: George Stephanopoulos, former Clinton administration senior advisor, who brought an agenda that was so persistently left-oriented and focused on inconsequential matters that the moderate audience came to routinely boo him as the night wore on; and aging warhorse Diane Sawyer, hanging on for dear life to her chair, who may have managed to top her recent stunningly effective drunk-moderating performance. One entire 20-minute stretch was focused on sex, gay "marriage" [those scare quotes again…], contraception, and abortion, and devolved into such silliness that the candidates revolted against Stephy for pursuing such ridiculous topics when the economy and foreign policy were clearly the important matters of the day.
It had to be obvious, even to uninformed and neutral watchers that never pay attention to anything, that ABC came with an agenda to frame the debate in a way that made it difficult for Republicans to take aim at Obama. It was obvious because the Republican candidates called it out in so many words. Gingrich particularly asked why the media never, ever ask why the Obama administration conducts open war on Catholic hospitals and Catholic charities.
Several candidates performed admirably. Romney, Gingrich, and Perry were frankly magnificent. Santorum was in the spotlight for the first time, and for a flawed and one-dimensional candidate did pretty good. But he was exposed, and he was dinged some. RuPaul was given enough rope, and he did what was expected in that regard. Huntsman did alright. We certainly got a good look at him for the first time.
As a noted Perry bigot, I want to offer a few points:
For a guy who is polling in the 5-10% range and can't seem to gain any traction in that area, it sure is something the way he puts forth an idea in a debate, and every candidate feels compelled to respond. Along with all of his other (considerable) assets, add to it this: when he walks into a room, the other big sticks defer to him. This is a quality that nobody ever scorecords, but is tremendously important in actually governing. While pundits love to pontificate about who has the best position on this issue, and who has favorability numbers for that demographic, none of that speaks to how effective a guy will be at moving his agenda. On that stage, I can tell you that a President Santorum, Paul, and Huntsman have no power to persuade Congress or to direct bureaucracies. Romney might, and Gingrich would. But Perry stands head and shoulders above them all. When he calls Boehner and McConnell (ugh! but the sad reality is that those two will be Speaker and Majority Leader) into his office and presents a plan, those two will leave the office knowing what their job is, and will do it. Notice the contrast in this regard to Obama, who even with 60-40 majorities in both Houses for two years, never led. He totally let Pelosi and Reid do all the lifting, while all he did, really, was make sure he knew where the parade was going so he could stay in front. He was content to sit behind his desk and proclaim what bills he thought ought to be presented to him so he could sign.
The stumbling, fumbling Perry of the early debates is long, long gone. He has been magnificent now for several debates.
His early image as a debate bumbler persists, but if he ever gets that second look that he is asking for — and Santorum will certainly sink, perhaps giving Perry that opening — and he can gain a little traction, he will come from fifth place and run the table. His other assets — huge warchest, astounding resume as 12-year governor of Texas, focus on jobs, energy, and strong defense, and solidly conservative credentials — will snowball. Voters are looking for a not-Romney to emerge between (at one time) Cain, Perry, Bachmann, Santorum, Gingrich. Now it is down to Santorum, Gingrich, and Perry. Perry's assets totally dominate the other two. If voters start to notice, he will win the not-Romney semifinal, then he will wipe out Romney too (which either he, Gingrich, or Cain would have easily done), sending the GOP Establishment to the hell they deserve.
Tata, ladies.
George Stephanopoulos
Republican debate
Mitch bringing a purse to another gunfight
Saturday musings


text:
Q: Deploying the code toe Lambda via Codeship I need to somehow automate my Nodejs code deployment to Lambda.
After looking at many alternatives (Serveless and others) and after talking to my team mates, we decided to use the Codeship for that.
They already use it to connect to the Github, do the build there (npm i in my case). What we don't understand it, how to proceed after that step.
Upload it to S3, and somehow have Lambda pick it up?
Or some other way of doing it?
Any insight is appreciated.
EDIT:
I was able to create Nodejs deployment to Lambda using Codeship fairly easy. I have followed these instructions. This is what I have under custom script:
pip install awscli
zip -r index.zip .
echo Zipping Done
aws lambda update-function-code --function-name "test_event_crm" --zip-
file fileb://index.zip
echo update function is done
aws lambda get-function --function-name "test_event_crm"
echo lambda get function is done
aws lambda invoke --function-name test_event_crm --payload "$(cat
data.json)" lambda_output.txt
echo **I dont end up here**
cat lambda_output.txt
echo **I also dont end up here**

The issue I face is the fact the code ends up from Github properly in the Lambda, but for some reason Build process never finishes. It just sits there, until it ends on its own (hours later). If you take a look at the echo command in the script, please notice that two last echo's are never executed. Build process keeps running.
What should I do to improve the script?
It seems that I need to send  end command or something similar.
EDIT 2:
I overlooked the script. There is an invoke function there, which I think I do not need. I have reworked the script, and it works now as expected. However, I am not sure is this the correct way of doing it.
New script:
pip install awscli
zip -r index.zip .
echo Zipping Done
aws lambda update-function-code --function-name "test_event_crm" --zip-
file fileb://index.zip
echo update function is done
aws lambda get-function --function-name "test_event_crm"
echo Get function is done
echo Deploy is done

Do I need aws lambda get-function ???

A: I'm from CodeShip support, glad to hear you decided to use our product! We do have two different products, CodeShip Basic and CodeShip Pro.
I typically recommend starting with Basic as it is simple to setup and you can start getting value almost instantly. Once you're a bit more familiar with the workflow - you can start a migration to Pro.
So more about Basic - you will connect to your repository using GitHub, GitLab, or BitBucket. Once connected, you will setup your build triggers which allows builds to start automatically when there are changes to your repository. When a build is triggered, CodeShip will spin up an Ubuntu Bionic build machine and check out your code for the given commit and run through your commands that are defined in the project settings. We have 3 seperate command blocks: setup commands, test commands, and deploy commands.
From what you've requested, I think you'll want to read through our AWS Lambda Deployment documentation. This is meant to be a starting place for you, so depending on your setup, it may not be as simple as plug-and-chug.
If you run into problems while setting up your project, please feel free to open a ticket with our support team and include the build URL where you are experiencing issues.
The last tip I'd like to point out is that CodeShip Basic has the option to SSH into a replica of a build machine - I highly advise that you take advantrage of this feature when setting up your project as it will allow you to try multiple commands without triggering a new build so you can more quickly get everything up and running!
I hope that helps and welcome to CodeShip! :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This graffiti is painted on the retaining wall of a railroad bridge over Ironwood Drive in South Bend, Indiana's fourth largest city.
It says: "Ammeria: Wake up or die!!! Seek the truth."
Take note of the spelling of "America." The cultural/political commentator who wrote this ought to concentrate on his own education before trying to bestow his or her wisdom upon the rest of us!
I photographed it in the evening, as sunset approached.
Update: On 8-11-16, A friend who lives in the South Bend area informed me that the graffiti had been removed.


M SUITES (also known as M Suites @ Embassy Row) is a serviced residence located in the affluent Ampang Hilir enclave along the bustling Jalan Ampang. M Suites by Mah Sing consists of two blocks of serviced apartments that house small to medium sized service suite. There are 7 types to choose from studio to 3+1 bedroom unit with built up size ranging from 502 sf to 1,630 sf. M Suites is just 3 km away from the city centre and well surrounded by an abundance of amenities. Located right opposite the residence is Great Eastern Mall. It is also near to Sayfol International School, Taylors International and International School of Kuala Lumpur (ISKL) Private hospitals nearby are Gleneagles Intan Medical Centre, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital and Prince Court Medical Centre. Its about 7 mins walking to Jelatek RapidKL LRT station. Many units of different sizes available for rent-partly or fully furnished.
For viewing please call or sms/whatsapp Veronica at 012-9003580.