To say that all characters (and for that matter, all people) are good or evil would be an oversimplification. Firstly, evil characters usually do not consider themselves to be "evil," and may actually consider themselves to be "good." These characters may believe something is "right" and defend it in a fanatical way. She may appear "evil" by opponents, who she conversely perceives as misguided or "evil." Her actions may be caused by insanity, by her foul temper, or by her belief that the ends justify the means. Alternatively, a character with "evil" or selfish motivations may perform so charismatically that others believe she is "good." There are many shades of grey and dark grey in every personality, and it is important to remember that your character's motivations are key to creating a believable persona.
Stay in character as much as possible. The more you get out of your character, the harder it will be to get the right mood back into the game. Now, this may not seem harmful, but ruining a mood can ruin a role-play. For more information, see the section on out-of-character traps.
Events from the game will influence a character's demeanor, attitude, and in some cases, its personality. Even heroes can be affected by the tragic death of a loved one. Make sure that these influ-ences are reflected in (minor) changes in your character.
Never change your character drastically. This will confuse other players, and while it might seem fun at first, it will upset the other players, and eventually the game.
Once you've made a decision as your character, stick with it, and live with the consequences. As long as you're role-playing, it could prove for some interesting twists in your character's life. In a role-playing game, reversing a decisionusually harms the game.
You are not your character. If a character attacks or insults your character, don't take it as a personal attack. It's fine if your character reacts, but don't start taking things personal.
It is easy to base your first character in a game on your own personality. Most new role-players do it, but experienced role-players fall into the trap as well. Make sure that, if you do this, it's just a small base, because the more of yourself you pour into a character, the easier it is to feel any attack on that character as a personal insult.
Remember that it's only a role-playing game. You can stop playing any time you want, for as long as you want.
This page was last edited on 7 July 2015, at 15:08.


Worrying and stress are frequently reduced by writing .A recent study carried out by Michigan State University provides the first neural evidence that expressive writing may be beneficial in alleviating stress and stopping worrying.
The World Health Organization has called stress, which is closely related to worry, the "health epidemic of the 21st century." given the impact of recent hurricane Irma on Sarasota Florida and Venice Florida many people are reporting an increase in worry. Many times we worry about things in the future that will never happen. If we worry a lot on a daily basis were at risk for increased anxiety, stress, and related diseases and disorders.many times there are not easy solutions to psychological problems. However this recent research suggests that it may be some simple things we can do to stop worrying.
In addition, this research pointed out that much previous research has identified expressive writing has an effective method to help individuals processed past trauma or stressful events however, this research suggests that the same technique can help people, especially worriers, prepare for stressful tasks in the future. Schroeder and Jason Moser said "Expressive writing makes the mind work less hard on upcoming stressful tasks, which is what worriers often get "burned out" over, their worried minds working harder and hotter." "This technique takes the edge off their brains so they can perform the task with a 'cooler head.
In summary, According to this study, practicing being vulnerable with others and with ourselves makes people more aware. Bottling up fears and feelings only makes them occupy our bodies and minds. Therefore, 5 minutes of expressive writing a day can liberate all the forthcoming stress people is carrying within unnecessarily.


text:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[MarketingCampaigns] (
    [Id]        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER CONSTRAINT [DF_MarketingCampaigns_Id] DEFAULT (newid()) NOT NULL,
    [Name]      NVARCHAR (255)   NOT NULL,
    [StartDate] DATE             NOT NULL,
    [EndDate]   DATE             NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_MarketingCampaigns] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC)
);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Vice alum Meghan Kirsch named chief content officer at Thrillist
Online lifestyle media brand Thrillist, part of Group Nine, has named Meghan Kirsh to the role of chief content officer. Kirsch (pictured) will oversee all Thrillist content and brand identity, including ...
Online lifestyle media brand Thrillist, part of Group Nine, has named Meghan Kirsh to the role of chief content officer.
Kirsch (pictured) will oversee all Thrillist content and brand identity, including providing leadership for the written, video, production and design teams.
She will be based in the company's New York headquarters where she will report to Thrillist president Ocean MacAdams.
Kirsch has spent the last two decades in the TV and digital media industries, most recently as SVP of creative and marketing at Vice Media, where she led a 50-person team across Vice, Viceland, Vice digital, Vice News and Vice Studios.
"For the last 15 years, Thrillist has helped audiences live their best lives by introducing them to the coolest things to do wherever they are," said MacAdams, in a statement. "We're thrilled to bring on Meghan, a true creative leader, to steer Thrillist's content helm and further our brand's award-winning written and video editorial output."
"There's so much information, stimulation and noise out there," added Kirsch. "Thrillist's eye towards curation and track record for creating the kind of impactful content that cuts through and creates a loyal fanbase makes it an exciting place to be."
(Photo courtesy of Thrillist)
Meaghan Kirsh, Ocean MacAdams, Thrillist
Thrillist debuts travel channel on Snapchat Discover

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We have already completed the who? what? when? analysis for the order process (Click here to read).
We have the necessary details for creating the workflow. So let's get started with implementing the workflow for order process in the process design.
The first step in our order process is order creation. Orders are created by any member of the sales team. The newly created orders are marked as open orders.
Rename this workflow activity as "Create Order" by updating the value in the Namebox.
Only the sales team must be able to create product orders.
Click on the role icon and enter the sales team role name in the formula bar.
If required, select the queue and form that must be used for accessing the order instances in the "Create Order" workflow activity.
The next step in our order process is the customer review. Order created by the sales team is reviewed by the customer who placed the order. The customers can either confirm the order using the "Confirm Order" button or cancel the order using the "Cancel Order" button. The orders reviewed by the customer will be marked as either "Confirmed" or "Cancelled" based on user action.
Create a new public cell "CustomerEmail".
Select the "CustomerEmail" public cell. Enter the following rule in the cell.
The namebox shows the name of the public cell as "CustomerEmail". The formula bar shows the corresponding rule.
The customer model reference has been used to fetch the customer's email..
Create a new public cell "Customer".
Select the "Customer" public cell. Enter the following rule in the cell.
The namebox shows the name of the public cell as "Customer". The formula bar shows the corresponding rule.
The DSEARCH function has been used to determine the SheetId of the user instance corresponding to the logged in customer.
Insert a new workflow activity.
Rename this workflow activity as "Waiting for customer review" by updating the value in the Namebox.
The order must be accessible only to the customer who placed the order.
Click on the user icon and enter "=Customer" in the formula bar.
This is an example of dynamic user configuration for an activity.
If required, select the queue and form that must be used for accessing the order instances in the "Waiting for customer review" workflow activity.
The customers can either cancel or confirm their order. Depending on the action performed by the customer, the orders have to be moved to their respective workflow activity.
Insert a IF conditional branching activity.
Click on the "+" button to view its branches.
Click on the node selector for the "ApproveBranch".
Rename this branch as "Confirm" by updating the value in the Namebox.
Click on the node selector for the "RejectBranch".
Rename this branch as "Cancel" by updating the value in the Namebox.
Select the IF conditional branching activity.
Rename this activity as "Check Customer Action" by updating the value in the Namebox.
Enter the following condition in the formula bar.
The above rule checks the caption of the button that was actioned by the user and branches to the respective branch.
The next step in our order process is the product team review. Orders confirmed by the customers are reviewed by the product team.
Rename this workflow activity as "Waiting for product team review" by updating the value in the Namebox.
Only the product team must be able to review orders.
If required, select the queue and form that must be used for accessing the order instances in the "Waiting for product team review" workflow activity.
Select the workflow activity in the cancel branch. If an order is cancelled by the customer, then that order must be directly sent for customer relations review. Also, all the orders reviewed by the product team must be reviewed by the customer relations team. Hence, the customer relations team review workflow activity must be inserted outside the IF branches.
Click on the delete activity to remove the workflow activity in the cancel branch.
The last step in our order process is the customer relations team review. Orders reviewed by the product team are closed by the customer relations team.
Insert a new workflow activity as shown in the screen capture.
Rename this workflow activity as "Waiting for customer relations team review" by updating the value in the Namebox.
Only the customer relations team must be able to close orders.
Click on the role icon and enter the customer relations team role name in the formula bar.
If required, select the queue and form that must be used for accessing the order instances in the "Waiting for customer relations team review" workflow activity.
The closed orders can be viewed by the customer relations team anytime.
Rename this workflow activity as "Closed Orders" by updating the value in the Namebox.
Only the customer relations team must be able to view closed orders.
If required, select the queue and form that must be used for accessing the order instances in the "Closed Orders" workflow activity.


text:
#ifndef _H_XMPP_CLIENT
#define _H_XMPP_CLIENT

#include <Base64.h>
#include <Ethernet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

enum XMPPState {
  INIT,
  AUTH,
  AUTH_STREAM,
  BIND,
  SESS,
  READY,
  WAIT
};

class XMPPClient {
    private:
	Client client;
	char *username;
	char *server;
	char *password;
	char *resource;
	XMPPState state;

	int sendTemplate(const prog_char *strTemplate, int fillLen, ...);

	int openStream(char *server);
	int authenticate(char *username, char *password);
	int bindResource(char *resource);
	int openSession(char *server);

	void processInput();
	int stateAction();

    public:
	XMPPClient();
	XMPPClient(uint8_t *ip, uint16_t port);

	int connect(char *username, char *server, char *resource, char *password);
	int connect(char *jid, char *password);

	int sendMessage(char *recipientJid, char *message);
	int sendPresence();

	int close();

};

#endif /* _H_XMPP_CLIENT */


If you voted in the Presidential election yesterday and are still in the voting spirit, you're in luck! We've created our own election where the fundamental marketing belief systems are going head-to-head. No debates and no political attack-ads, and at the end, you'll get to cast your vote! But first, let's take a look at the candidates.
As technology continues to thrive and building relationships with customers holds more marketing clout than ever before, it seems as though digital marketing is building a strong presence to lower costs, increase reach & visibility, and drive sales. Compared to its traditional competitor, the Digital Marketing party touts that it's more forward-thinking and more in tune with modern audiences.
On the more conventional side of things, some businesses are perfectly satisfied with their current initiatives (phone calls, billboards, TV and radio ads, etc.), and adhere to the "ain't broke, don't fix it" mentality. The traditional party argues that digital marketing is still new and constantly changing. This party believes that it will take time to see what, if anything from the digital marketers will be able to truly stand the test of time.


I have to apologize again that I cant write much for details. I'm literally walking out the door. All the set up details are in the post. This could be another one for next week as I had already expected audusd to test near entry on this trade.


"Wolf Creek Track Club was professional, on time, and pleasant to work with. We are thankful for everything they did today to make our race great! Highly recommend!"
"These guys are great! For our 5K, their bundle pricing was affordable, they had prompt responses in communication, excellent t-shirt quality, with kind and professional service. Highly recommended!!!"
"These gentleman do a really nice job organizing their events. They think of everything from ease of registration to finish line amenities. They are good at marking their courses so no one gets lost. Happy to help support their business."


Lyra Research, in conjunction with JDS Company Limited, is excited to present the 2011 Lyra Imaging Conference. The 13th annual conference will be held on February 16, 2011 at the Kaiun Club in Tokyo, Japan. This industry-leading event will provide printing and imaging business executives with a framework to set business goals and priorities through Lyra's extensive forecast data, and in-depth market analysis and assessments.
Lyra Research, the digital imaging authority (http://www.lyra.com), in conjunction with JDS Company Limited, is excited to present the 2011 Lyra Imaging Conference. The 13th annual conference will be held on February 16, 2011 at the Kaiun Club in Tokyo, Japan. This industry-leading event will provide printing and imaging business executives with a framework to set business goals and priorities through Lyra's extensive forecast data, and in-depth market analysis and assessments.
Jiqiang Rong, Lyra's director of primary research.
the financial performance and marketing initiatives of copier and printer vendors.
Be sure to visit http://www.lyra.com/lh3m.nsf/Events/Tokyo?OpenPage for complete event details.


In addition to the titles of operations manager and musician for Riffs Studios in Bird Rock, La Jolla High School graduate Tim Rayner holds another, more unique title: Luthier. For those unfamiliar, a luthier is a maker and repairer of stringed instruments. In an ongoing project in luthier-ship, Rayner is working on building a guitar from a single piece of wood.


Houston School Superintendent Terry Grier has announced that he will step down March 1, midway through his seventh year leading the district.
The Houston Chronicle reports that some board members have been unwilling to extend Grier's contract. His contract expires in June 2016, and the school board had not yet moved to extend it. He took the Houston job in August 2009, after serving as superintendent of the San Diego school system. Grier, who is 65, says he does not plan to retire.
Prior to taking the Houston superintendency, Grier served about 18 months as the top administrator in San Diego. Before that he led the Guilford County (N.C.) School District for eight years.
Grier has been a polarizing figure in Houston, partly because of his fast-paced rollout of initiatives designed to accelerate achievement among Houston's students. The district won the Broad Prize for Urban Education in 2013, but scores on state and national exams generally have stagnated in recent years.


Time and time again, Net-A-Porter shows customers why it is one of the top online destinations for all things luxury. On April 13, the shop released an exclusive capsule collection by the famed Italian brand Fendi.
The Fendi FF Capsule Collection utilizes the brand's iconic logo as the main motif throughout the entire line. The launch on Net-A-Porter comes a month prior to the official launch of the collection in selected Fendi stores and on fendi.com on May 14th.
The famed logo was originally created by fashion icon Karl Lagerfeld back in 1965. The resurfacing of its design will be used on various clothing items that mirror the streetwear looks currently swarming the fashion world. Customers can purchase items including parkas, hoodies, sneakers and accessories. The logo will appear in different color variations including classic tobacco, black and black-and-white.
"The FF Capsule Collection, sold on Net-A-Porter, celebrates the heritage of the Roman House and the iconic FF logo. Designed by Karl Lagerfeld in 1965, the logo combines Fendi's luxury authority with an irreverent attitude, establishing the Maison's logo as a contemporary yet sophisticated icon," the two brands say in a press release.
Besides launching online at Net-A-Porter, the new Fendi FF Capsule Collection will be celebrated around the globe through a custom animated video staring model Hana Jirickova. The video showcases multiple fashion cities around the world and each begin to mirror the FF logo. In addition to the video, pop-up stores will open in both London and Dubai.
For more information on this iconic launch, visit netaporter.com, and look for the Fendi launch on May 14th online and in select stores.


text:
Q: An Easy way to Deploy an MVC App to a Desktop Machine? I have an interesting situation where I need to deploy an ASP.NET MVC app to a (pseudo-boss's) local desktop machine so they can run it locally for data entry purposes.  What would be the best way to get the app running on a vista machine without Visual Studio installed?
Ideally, It would be a one click that started a development web server and opened the page up in the browser.
I considered installing Visual Web Developer and then tricking it's dev web server into running the app, or even installing mono, since it has the nice 'start xsp here' feature that even a non-technical person can understand.  The big thing is that this person is not very technical, so it needs to be easy for them to start and stop the application.

A: You need IIS installed, which should be available for Vista. Then just set up a working directory and put your app there, it's not 1 click but maybe.,.. 5.. :)

A: What about the Microsoft Web Platform Installer? You'd still have to add your own application, but it takes care of .NET, IIS, and dependencies.

A: Could you use something like UltiDev Cassini: http://www.ultidev.com/products/Cassini/ and build your own installer to set everything up for your user?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Swags full in view before our breasts.
Shop for the latest collection of Sling bags, Trendy bags,Handbags Online Sale india ,travel bags Bags online at affordable prices with Poofed & Free shipping. Refer & win Rs 50!


text:
mp3: Other Animals > Boxcar Blue
Do you remember the postrock outfit named Somme? They sounded like this.
Downloadable: Massless (mp3)
Well, they have expanded their lineup and changed their name to Other Animals. Their eponymous new album was recorded mainly live in 4 days at Steve Albini's Electrical Studios in Chicago and was mastered by Mr. Robert Spurr Weston IV (of Shellac and Volcano Suns fame). The album sounds like this.
Downloadable: Boxcar Blue (mp3)
The song above takes a little while to get going, but once it does it's pretty awesome, no?
And did I mention that the band is presently giving the album away for free on their website. Go grab it.
Downloadable: Other Animals (zip)
If you live in the Chi-town area be sure to check them out live.
Myspace page is here.
Other Animals wordpress is here.
Other Animals, Shellac, Somme, Steve Albini, Volcano Suns


The future of mobility involves algorithms that fuse different sensing technologies to enable intelligent vehicles to become increasingly automated on roads and highways. SwRI is a leading provider of algorithms and component technologies for automated driving for both commercial and military vehicles.
Localization enables automated vehicles to maintain roadway position. GPS, a type of localization, lacks accuracy needed for precision driving, and signals can be affected by tunnels, skyscrapers, and other obstacles. SwRI's Ranger system overcomes these challenges with a ground-facing camera, lighting, and algorithms to provide reliable localization in a variety of conditions. Ranger uses maps based on roadway features such as cracks and composite to provide precision up to 2 cm without GPS.
Human drivers react to traffic through our visual and physical senses. Unmanned vehicles utilize a variety of technologies, including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, to maintain safe distances. Since 2009, we have developed V2V technologies that enable precision following in unmanned vehicle convoys. Our Ranger solution enables over-the-horizon platoon capability and operation where GPS is degraded. SwRI's supports V2V testing tools and procedures through the OmniAir Consortium.
Low-speed shuttles are ubiquitous, from golf courses to amusement parks tours. Our Ranger system is ideal for low-speed shuttle automation in campus settings on roadways and cart paths. Ranger provides a localization solution with algorithms and maps of ground surfaces to maintain travel on a given route. Ranger is helping advance low-speed shuttle automation in conjunction with our perception technologies, which detect dynamic objects such cyclists, vehicles, and pedestrians.
Trailer spotters move freight at distribution centers and container terminals. These operations are well-suited for automation. We combine reverse autonomy with precision localization to enable automated parking of tractor trailers at shipping docks. Our technology can be integrated into OEM platforms, and we can parameterize trailer dimensions and brake performance to increase accuracy and safety.
Through this U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) designation, SwRI collaborates with Texas universities and municipalities to provide a full-service test track and supporting research and testing for automotive manufacturers, technology integrators, and policymakers.
As a Connected Vehicle Affiliated Test Bed through the USDOT's Research and Innovative Technology Administration, we support public and private sector research, testing and demonstrations of innovative, next-generation intelligent transportation technologies.


Confessional Calvinism: Embracive of Evangelicalism?
Today's session has evolved into something of a conversation in a fish bowl, as various kinds of Calvinists talk about what they think about various other kinds of Calvinists and about the larger evangelical world, and do so much to the amusement of non-Calvinist evangelical onlookers. Though our panel will invite a non-Calvinist voice into the discussion, the papers come from three sorts of Calvinists. The first, a confessional Calvinist skeptical of the new Calvinism and of evangelicalism. The second, from me, a confessional Calvinist appreciative of the new Calvinism and who views confessional Calvinism as a happy and important part of American evangelicalism. And third, a "big tent" Calvinist … and I am just dying to find out what that is.
I want to do four things today: 1. Make an assertion about evangelicalism. 2. Offer a suggestion on where the "new Calvinism" has come from. 3. Explain why as an old Calvinist that I am encouraged and instructed by the new Calvinist movement. And 4. suggest that the posture of Old Calvinism to the New ought to be hopeful, appreciative, constructive, fraternal, critical and humble.
Evangelicalism, considered theologically and ecclesiastically, has it roots in 17th century English non-conformity.
2. What is New Calvinism and where did it come from?
New Calvinism is a rejection of the pragmatism and doctrinal minimalism of church growth movement era evangelicalism and an embrace of parts of Reformed theology, especially via the Great Awakening and Puritan expressions of that tradition.
What is Reformed Theology, you ask? Reformed Theology is a school of historic, orthodox, confessional, Christianity in which the sovereignty of God, the authority of Scripture, God's grace in salvation, the necessity and significance of the church, and covenant theology are maintained and emphasized.
3. Why am I encouraged and instructed by the new Calvinist movement?
4. Why should the posture of Old Calvinism to the New ought to be hopeful, appreciative, constructive, fraternal, critical and humble?


text:
I am proud to say that Paul Nyberg was my friend.
Paul passed away at the age of 89 earlier this month.
Paul lived a life of servant leadership, wanting to make a difference in the community. He was the publisher of the Los Altos Town Crier and a community leader. He was active in Rotary, and through the Town Crier, launched Losalton of the Year, and the Town Crier Holiday Fund, which annually raises tens of thousands of dollars for local charities.
In 1995, he started an annual event called The Los Altos Community Prayer Breakfast with five other couples, which eventually became known as Connect Silicon Valley.
The Los Altos Community Prayer Breakfast was a popular event that took place on Good Friday. The goal was to highlight the power of prayer by hearing speakers — usually a man and a woman — talk about the centrality of prayer in their lives. Speakers included Adobe co-founder Chuck Geschke, and his wife, Nan, who spoke about how prayer got them through a kidnapping incident. Other speakers included State Senator Tom Campbell, Cepheid co-founder Tom Gutshall, SJ Sharks president Greg Jamieson, and venture capitalist Kevin Compton.
In 2005, Paul asked me to take over The Los Altos Community Prayer Breakfast. I asked my men's group to join me. We regionalized the event, calling it the "Silicon Valley Prayer Breakfast." We added events and activities, and today it is called "Connect Silicon Valley," with a mission to encourage people to connect with God and each other and to engage in conversations about faith.
From the Los Altos Community Prayer Breakfast to Connect Silicon Valley, thousands and thousands of people have been affected by what Paul Nyberg started.
To read more about Paul, see his story in the Town Crier.
A Christmas Message — Connect Silicon Valley
Helping people "connect with God and connect with each other" is the goal of Connect Silicon Valley (CSV). CSV does that by helping open up conversations about faith that result from people hearing the inspiring stories of outstanding speakers who are Jesus followers. Past speakers include former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, bestselling author and
PrevPreviousRescued to Serve
NextGod and Silicon ValleyNext


text:
Q: Get customers latest order? How on earth do I programatically retrieve customers latest order?
Tried a few solutions on the web, but they all get all orders from a customer, not all.

A: You can try the below code:
$objectManager =  \Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager::getInstance();
$order = $objectManager->get('Magento\Sales\Model\Order')->getCollection()->addFieldToFilter('customer_id',your-customer-id)->setOrder('entity_id','DESC')->getFirstItem();
echo '<pre>'; print_r($order->getData());

OR
$objectManager =  \Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager::getInstance();
$order = $objectManager->get('Magento\Sales\Model\Order')->getCollection()->addFieldToFilter('customer_id',your-customer-id)->setOrder('created_at','DESC')->getFirstItem();
echo '<pre>'; print_r($order->getData());

A: I can suggest you an sql query for it which you can execute in your Magento 2 instance:
SELECT * FROM `sales_order` WHERE customer_id = 'your_customer_id' ORDER BY entity_id  DESC LIMIT 1

A: You can get the latest order of below code

*

*First Create an order collection.

*The filter that Collection by Customer ID.

*Sort that collection by created_at desc. setOrder('created_at', 'desc')

*make the collection page size 0,1 by below code using setPageSize(1),setCurPage(1)
`
<?php

namespace {NameSpace};

class LastestOrder {

    /**
     * @var \Magento\Sales\Model\ResourceModel\Order\CollectionFactory
     */
    protected $orderCollectionFactory;

    public function __construct(
   \Magento\Sales\Model\ResourceModel\Order\CollectionFactory $orderCollectionFactory
    )
   {

        $this->orderCollectionFactory = $orderCollectionFactory;
    }
    public function getLastestOrder()
    {
        /**
         * \Magento\Sales\Model\ResourceModel\Order\CollectionFactory $this->orderCollectionFactor
         */
        $orders = $this->orderCollectionFactory->create();
        //Add all field to Collection
        $orders->addFieldToSelect('*');
        // Collection filter by Customer Id
        $orders->addFieldToSelect('customer_id',$customerId);
        // sort order by  create date descending
        $orders->setOrder('created_at','desc');
        // limit collection to 1
        $orders->setPageSize(1)->setCurPage(1);
        if($orders->count() > 0){
            $lastestOrder = $orders->getFirstItem();
            return $lastestOrder;
        }else{
            // no order found
            $lastestOrder = false;
        }

    }
}
`

A: Use this code to get customer's last order and then any order info:
use Magento\Sales\Model\OrderRepository;
use Magento\Framework\Api\FilterBuilder;
use Magento\Framework\Api\SearchCriteriaBuilder;
use Magento\Framework\Api\SortOrderBuilder;

public function __construct(
    OrderRepository $orderRepository,
    SearchCriteriaBuilder $searchCriteriaBuilder,
    FilterBuilder $filterBuilder,
    SortOrderBuilder $sortOrderBuilder
) {
    $this->orderRepository = $orderRepository;
    $this->searchCriteriaBuilder = $searchCriteriaBuilder;
    $this->filterBuilder = $filterBuilder;
    $this->sortOrderBuilder = $sortOrderBuilder;
}

/**
 * @param int $customerId
 * @return OrderSearchResultInterface
 */
public function getCustomerOrders(int $customerId): OrderSearchResultInterface
{
    $this->searchCriteriaBuilder->addFilter(OrderInterface::CUSTOMER_ID, $customerId);
    $this->searchCriteriaBuilder->addFilter(OrderInterface::STATUS, ['canceled', 'holded'], 'nin');
    $searchCriteria = $this->searchCriteriaBuilder->create();
    $searchCriteria->setSortOrders(
        [
            $this->sortOrderBuilder
                ->setField(OrderInterface::CREATED_AT)
                ->setDirection(SortOrder::SORT_DESC)
                ->create()
        ]
    );
    $searchResults = $this->orderRepository->getList($searchCriteria);

    return $searchResults;
}

public function getLastOrder()
{
    $result = null;
    $searchResults = $this->getCustomerOrders(<customer_id_here>);

    if ($searchResults->getTotalCount() > 0) {
        $orders = $searchResults->getList();
        /** @var \Magento\Sales\Model\Order $lastOrder */
        $lastOrder = reset($orders);
        $result = $lastOrder;
    }
    return $result;
}


text:
Trump's Save America PAC paying legal bills for Mar-a-Lago witnesses
December 6, 2022 Fluidinknee Daily Reporter
Former President Donald Trump's Political Action Committee paying legal bills for some key witnesses involved in the Justice Department's investigation into whether Trump mishandled classified documents, obstructed the investigation or destroyed government records, according to people familiar with the matter.
The witnesses include Kash Patel, who testified before the grand jury and is key to Trump's defense, along with Walt Nauta, a potentially critical prosecution witness, according to these people, who like others interviewed spoke on condition of anonymity to discusses an ongoing criminal investigation. Nauta, a Trump aide, told FBI agents he was directed by the former president to move boxes at Mar-a-Lago even as government investigators tried to retrieve classified documents from that private club and residence, according to the people who is familiar with the matter.
Both Patel and Nauta are represented by Brand Woodward Law, which public records show was paid more than $120,000 by Trump's Save America PAC. Stan Brand, the top attorney at the firm, said there was nothing improper about the PAC paying legal bills for witnesses in the investigation. However, another lawyer not involved in the case said it could encourage witnesses to not cooperate.
"There is no bar against third parties paying legal fees as long as this is disclosed to the client. The ethical obligation of the lawyer is towards the client," said Brand. "It's a tempest in a teapot and another cheap shot at these people because of who they work for."
But Jim Walden, a former federal prosecutor, said the payment arrangement raises concerns about whether the reimbursement of legal fees could influence what the witnesses say or do. And he noted that if Justice Department officials have ethical concerns, they can ask a judge to at least question the clients about whether they are sure their interests are being protected.
"It appears that the Trump Political Action Committee is either paying for the silence of these witnesses, for them to take the fifth or for favorable testimony," Walden said. "These circumstances should look very suspicious to the Department of Justice, and there is a judicial mechanism for them to get court supervision if there is a conflict."
Other witnesses represented by Brand Woodward whose legal bills are paid by Trump's PAC include longtime Trump adviser Dan Scavino, and at least one other personal aide who testified before the grand jury, the people familiar with the matter said.
"We do not comment on any vendor payments, and everything the group spends on is publicly reported and in accordance with the law," said Steven Cheung, a Trump spokesman.
A timeline of Trump's Mar-a-Lago documents
Stephen Gillers, an emeritus professor of legal ethics at NYU Law School, said such arrangements are common in the corporate world and should be of concern only in some circumstances.
"The problems arise when the person paying the fee chooses the attorney, and has an interest in how the attorney represents the client," Gillers said.
He cited the case of former Trump White House staffer Cassidy Hutchinson, "who was much more cooperative" with the House select committee investigating the January 6, 2021 attack on the US Capitol after she switched attorneys.
Gillers noted that the Justice Department can ask a judge to remove a lawyer from a case if it has reason to think the lawyer is not acting in the client's best interest.
Trump was willing to have his PAC pay the bills of aides who are loyal to him or continue to work for him, the people familiar with the matter said. The Republican National Committee has paid legal bills for Trump advisers in the past, including during investigations into alleged Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election, and has incurred more than $1.5 million in legal bills for Trump since he left office.
The PAC is the subject of a federal investigation for its fundraising tactics surrounding false allegations that the election was rigged. Separately, federal investigators issued subpoenas seeking details about the PAC's formation and operations as part of the Justice Department's probe into efforts by Trump and his allies to overturn the results of the 2020 election. Those subpoenas, according to people familiar with them, sought a wide variety of information about how the PAC raised and spent money.
Trump's motive in Mar-a-Lago case seen as ego, not money
Trump wanted to keep a large sum of money in the PAC because there are no restrictions on how those funds may be used, one of the people familiar with the situation said; but he frustrated fellow Republicans by sometimes being cautious about spending the funds.
The PAC has spent $9.7 million on legal bills since 2021, according to a Washington Post review of its filings, about 14 percent of its spending during that period. That includes legal bills for separate investigations into Trump's business in New York and his conduct after the 2020 election in Georgia, according to people familiar with the matter.
In New York, for example, one firm led by Philadelphia attorney Michael van der Veen is guaranteed $25,000 a month from the president's PAC for its work on New York legal cases, according to an agreement reviewed by The Post. The PAC paid van der Veen's firm at least $369,000 in 2022, according to filings, and the firm billed the PAC at least $230,000 since the last filings, according to documents reviewed by The Post.
Trump is equipped to keep making many more such payments. His PAC, which mostly raises money from small-dollar donors, had nearly $70 million on hand as of its most recent filing, filed in late October.
Mar-a-Lago classified papers have sensitive secrets about Iran, China
It is not unusual for the same lawyer or law firm to represent several witnesses in an investigation, as the Brand Woodward firm does in the Mar-a-Lago investigation. One of their clients, Scavino, has been represented by the firm since Trump left office.
Brand said there is little difference between the current situation and his previous work representing George Stephanopoulos, a former adviser to President Bill Clinton. In that case, the government – not a PAC — paid for some of his representation when Stephanopoulos was subpoenaed by a congressional committee.
If the government were to try to withhold compensation for legal work from Trump's political arm, Brand said, it would be an unfair attempt to "pressure witnesses to cooperate by cutting off their ability to defend themselves. "
The Justice Department is investigating Trump's possession of hundreds of classified documents at Mar-a-Lago after he left office, including 103 documents that remained at the property after Trump and his legal team responded to a grand jury subpoena that the request return of all such material. .
Some of the documents found by the FBI in a court-approved search contain highly classified information, including about a foreign country's nuclear capabilities, intelligence activity in China and Iran's missile system, The Post reported.
The Justice Department is also investigating efforts by Trump and his allies to overturn President Biden's 2020 election victory. Attorney General Merrick Garland last month appointed a special counsel to oversee both investigations, citing Trump's decision to run for president again in 2024 and Biden's intention to seek re-election.
Prosecutors involved in each investigation presented several witnesses to grand juries at the federal courthouse in Washington. On Friday, two former Trump White House lawyers, Pat Cipollone and Patrick Philbin, testified to a grand jury on election-related matters, according to people familiar with the matter; three other Trump aides, including Scavino, testified to a grand jury Thursday about the Mar-a-Lago documents. The testimony of the three assistants was first reported by the New York Times.
When Patel was first brought before a grand jury in October, he invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination as grounds for not answering questions, according to people familiar with the case. But after conferring with a federal judge, he was granted limited-use immunity and brought back before the panel to answer questions in November.
Prosecutors are still seeking cooperation from Trump's valet, Nauta, who continues to work for the former president even as he has become a potentially critical witness in the case.
When Nauta was first questioned by the FBI, he denied any knowledge or awareness of sensitive documents at Mar-a-Lago, people familiar with the matter said. However, when he was interviewed a second time, his story changed significantly, these people said; he told investigators he moved boxes in Trump's direction, after the grand jury was served with a subpoena demanding the return of any documents with classified markings.
Nauta is in an uncertain legal position because it is unclear whether prosecutors may try to bring a perjury charge against him, or otherwise pressure him to cooperate against Trump.
Trump's White House documents
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Deadline approaching
Writers' Showcase to premiere March 16
Trinity Collins, Entertainment Editor
While most plays performed here at ETHS are just 'classics' on repeat, Writers' Showcase allows students to write their own material and have it featured in a student-run play.
"Students appreciate the lack of structure," Sponsor Lisa Oberman says. "It really is entirely student written, produced and acted. It allows you to focus on the words and actors. It makes the audience use their imagination."
Writers' Showcase, sponsored by the English Dept., has been around for over 40 years. It is lead by a board of students who collect original writing pieces from classmates of all grades. Every year, 300 pieces are submitted, and only 20 to 25 pieces are chosen.
"It's very exciting for student writers to see something they write come to life on stage," Oberman says. "Most of the time, the writers are delighted by the way in which their piece is interpreted."
Contrary to past years, where there has been more of a mix of serious and funny skits, this board this year chose more lighthearted works, although there is still some serious pieces in the show. According to Oberman, this is "a sign of these very serious political times."
One of the benefits of using student work is that actors and directors have access to the writers, allowing for a more collaborative play. Directors can go back and ask about meaning behind the piece if necessary.
"We get a lot of submissions that are just blocks of text that can be hard to transform into dialogue or good, balanced monologues," Co-Director, senior Tally Dully says. "We spend a long while transforming pieces and then continue to change them through the entire process."
The lack of stage direction also benefits actors and directors because they get more creative freedom with the pieces. This permits Bailey and Duffy to experiment in a variety of ways before settling on the best.
Trinity Collins, Feature Editor
Trinity Collins is the feature editor and this is her fourth year on The Evanstonian. She is a senior and hopes to study Secondary Education Social Studies...
Kimetsu No Yaiba ('Demon Slayer') Mugen Train arc: more Rengoku
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Fans speculate potential 'Spider-Man: No Way Home' theories
Opinion | Sally Rooney's 'Beautiful World' must be translated into Hebrew
A look back at 2021 media
Only Murders in the Building: A perfect mesh of mystery and comedy
Barbara Kruger: pairing images with aphorisms for impact


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Ancient Items
Factions, Angmar, Evil
Angmar (Faction)
Cold, iron lands under nightshade
Biome(s)
Angmar, Ettenmoors, Coldfells, Trollshaws, Lone-lands
Angmar Orc (archer, bombardier, chieftain, trader), Angmar Warg (bombardier), Troll, Hill-troll, Hillmen (axe-thrower, warrior, chieftain)
Alignment command name
Faction Items
Angmar crafting table
Added in (first NPCs)
Public Beta 13
In ancient years, the Witch-realm of Angmar was a stronghold of evil in the north, a power that for centuries made war with Arnor under their fell Witch-king, the Lord of the Nazgûl. Of old the faction was home to many Orcs, Trolls, Wargs, and Men, and by its power the North Kingdom of the Dúnedain was wiped out. But Angmar too fell shortly after, for the High Elves and Men of Gondor destroyed their armies in a battle at Fornost, and the vale of Angmar was purged of evil.
However, evil had long laid hid in the mountains of the North, and that evil has slowly returned. Orcs, Trolls, and Wargs have returned to the ruins of the Witch-realm. Ruined fortresses now host bands of Orcs, as do newer camps.
In addition, another ancient power has returned to Angmar: the Hillmen of Rhudaur. These men are fierce, and though their numbers are massively reduced from their former strength, they remain staunch foes of the Dúnedain.
Sections of the following lore are Mod-Canon; i.e., it was written or approved by the mod team to supplement Tolkien's works, either to fill in gaps or adapt them for gameplay.
The Witch-king of Angmar, Lord of the Nine
Angmar was founded in T.A. 1300 by the Lord of the Nazgûl, who ever afterward became known as the Witch-king of Angmar. Angmar controlled lands on both sides of the Misty Mountains, with a deep vale in the northern mountains becoming a primary centre of the realm's power. In truth, much of what composed the Witch-realm existed in the North before its official formation; and so from the outset the Witch-king was able to rally Orc-Tribes of the Mountains of Angmar, as well as Hill-Men that dwelt in the Vale of Angmar, the great Wargs of the north, and the Trolls and Hill-trolls that dwelt in the fells south of the Witch-realm. The Witch-king built his city at Carn Dûm, upon the last peak of the Mountains of Angmar, a fortress incredibly strong and thoroughly evil. Camps and fortresses were built throughout the realm of Angmar, and Orcs of Mount Gundabad and Mount Gram joined the Witch-king, bringing their fortresses with them.
Orcs of Angmar marching to war against Arnor
Angmar's sole purpose was the destruction of the splintered Kingdom of Arnor, and immediately after its formation it declared war on the realm's successor states: Arthedain, Cardolan, and Rhudaur. And war it delivered: armies of Orcs swarmed northeastern Eriador, and the Men of Arnor became engaged in a long war for their own survival. This was no easy task, for the Orcs and Men of Angmar were not just scattered tribes riled up to war. They were many, and now they were organized and well-armed with cunning blades and strong armour. And there were some among them that were even deadlier: Warrior-Orcs that used armour wrought with many spells and blades that proved deadly to all that they pierced.
The Iron Crown of Angmar once reigned across the North
In 1350 Rhudaur betrayed the Dúnedain and joined Angmar. With increased strength the two unleashed large armies against Arthedain, and so in battle with Rhudaur King Argeleb I of Arthedain was slain in 1356 during an invasion of the Weather Hills. But with the help of Lindon and Cardolan Arthedain was able to push back, reclaiming the Weather Hills and making of them a frontier of war, alongside the Road and the Hoarwell.
For the next fifty years constant battles were fought at these borders, with neither side making significant gains; and as this continued Rivendell was besieged by Rhudaur. Then, in 1409, Rhudaur was taken over entirely by Angmar, solidifying it in the Witch-realm. The Siege of Rivendell grew bloodier as several great armies were sent out from Angmar and Rhudaur into Arthedain and Cardolan. In a battle for the watchtower of Amon Sûl on Weathertop King Arveleg of Arthedain was slain by great warriors of Rhudaur. Amon Sûl was razed, though its palantír was saved and returned to Fornost. The forces of Angmar poured into Cardolan, ravaging much of the northern parts of Minhiriath, while armies of Orcs and Men attacked Fornost and the North Downs in Arthedain. With the help of the Elves of Lindon Angmar's forces were repelled from Arthedain and Cardolan. But the damage was done: Amon Sûl and the Weather Hills were lost, Arthedain had taken heavy losses, and Cardolan was weak and scattered.
A heavy-armed Uruk of Angmar duing the reign of the Witch-king
The High Elves of Lindon and Rivendell aided the kingdoms of the Dúnedain, however, and due to their power Angmar was unable to press their advantage. Warriors from Lindon pushed back the Orcs of Angmar to the Weather Hills, while Elrond in Rivendell - with help from the Galadhrim of Lothlórien - broke Rhudaur's siege and weakened them significantly. For two hundred years, Eriador had relative peace, as Angmar regrouped and the Dúnedain of the North prepared for the next assault.
The assault came in a way none expected - in the form of the Great Plague. In 1636 the plague came into Eriador, ravaging the lands of Cardolan and leaving Minhiriath nearly uninhabited. The remaining Dúnedain of Cardolan took refuge in the Barrow-downs, where they alone of their kingdom held out for long. For shortly after the plague raiders from Angmar and Gundabad entered the lands of Cardolan and killed nearly all that remained there. Minhiriath was made a wasteland, the South Downs became deserted, and though the raiders did not reach the Barrow-downs it is said that the last strength of Cardolan perished there, destroyed by plague. All those that remained of the wreck of Cardolan fled to Arthedain. After the destruction of Cardolan, the Barrow-downs became an evil place, infested by fell spirits out of Angmar that became known in legends as the Barrow-wights.
The dark fortress of Carn Dûm in the North
The Witch-king facing Eärnur and the cavalry of Gondor
After the plague the Witch-king bided his time, and mustered his armies for one final stroke. In 1974, six hundred years after the start of his wars on the Dúnedain, all the hordes of Angmar were unleashed, and they swept into Arthedain. Fornost was captured and ruined, and nearly all the surviving Dúnedain of the North were slain. A few escaped with King Arvedui to the northern Blue Mountains, and many more fled with his son to Lindon. The Witch-king himself led the capture of Fornost, and sat in the throne that had once been the seat of the heirs of Isildur. Arnor was destroyed, and Angmar had achieved its mission.
But soon after this triumph, the High Elves and Men of Gondor attacked with great force, and the armies of Angmar were outnumbered. Though the Witch-king himself led his Orc hordes in the last combat in the fields west of Fornost, the armies of Angmar were destroyed. There the last warriors of Angmar were destroyed, as well as many of the Orcs and Men, and the Witch-king fled into the north, not to be seen again for years to come. Without his leadership Angmar collapsed under the counter-attack of the Elves and Men. High Elves from Rivendell and Men of Gondor scattered the remnants of Rhudaur, destroying their strongholds and driving them into the wild. Carn Dûm was razed, and then the Dúnedain returned to Gondor, and the High Elves returned to Lindon and Rivendell.
Barrow-wights of the Barrow-downs, evil spirits of Angmar
For a thousand years, little hint of the Witch-realm remained. The Men of Angmar were wiped out, for they dwelt in the vales on the western and eastern sides of the Mountains, and these were both wiped clean of Orcs and Men by the Gondorians and Northmen. The Hillmen of Rhudaur lived on in secret in the Coldfells and Ettenmoors, but were fewer in number than the Dúnedain of the North, and did not re-emerge from the deep dales and caves for a long time. The Trolls and Wolves of Angmar became wild, dwelling in the north and troubling those remaining in Eriador for many a year. The remaining Orcs of Angmar either fled to Mount Gundabad and Mount Gram, which became the capitals of great clans of Orcs, or hid in the Mountains of Angmar, which were never purged and remained a place of evil.
Now, after a thousand years, evil is stirring in Angmar again. The Orcs have multiplied once more in the Mountains, and under fell chieftains have come down into the Vale of Angmar and occupied it once more. These chieftains have reoccupied old fortresses, built new camps and holds, and have gathered Trolls, Wargs, and Hill-trolls to themselves. South of Mount Gram the Hillmen of Rhudaur have come down from the Troll-fells and have built new villages in the northern reaches of the Lone-lands. Both realms are mere shadows of their former power, but both are still thoroughly evil. Even now, they muster to attack the Rangers, gathering what strength they have. All they need is a leader.
Rhudaur Edit
Ulfang, whose people were related to the Hillmen
Hillmen of Rhudaur cross the wastes
Men of Angmar brandish their spears
When the Kingdom of Arnor was founded, Rhudaur was among the areas the Númenóreans settled. Located in the eastern dales of Eriador, it had only a small population of Sea-men. They were far outnumbered by men of another kind, hill-dwelling cousins of the Easterlings of Morgoth from the First Age. These lived from the Angle through the Ettenmoors and through the valley of Angmar. Many wars were fought with these people before they were subdued, and King Valandur of Arnor fell in battle with them in T.A. 652. After the splitting of the three kingdoms of the North, the Hillmen and Dúnedain coexisted relatively peacefully, mingling together without conflict. Over time, however, the Westmen were more or less merged into the population of Hillmen. Thus they were shorter-lived, and grew to be of evil nature. Many of the hillmen fought with the King of Rhudaur against Cardolan.
The host of Angmar encamped
The high hills of the Ettenmoors
When the Realm of Angmar was founded in the north, they took many of the indigenous hillmen into their armies. Civil war crippled Rhudaur, as many of the Hillmen slew the last remaining Dúnedain. In 1350, control of Rhudaur was seized by fell lords of the Hillmen, and under them the kingdom allied itself with the Witch-realm. These Hillmen quickly put to death any remaining Dúnedain in their kingdom and joined Angmar in its war on Arthedain, Rivendell, and Cardolan, greatly strengthening its armies. In 1409, Angmar and Rhudaur merged, with the latter essentially disappearing as an entity. More reinforcements came to the siege of Rivendell, but due to a strange power in that vale they were unable to break through. The armies of Angmar crippled Cardolan but were beaten back by Elven aid to the North Kingdom. During the two hundred years of relative peace that followed, the Hillmen learnt sorcery and necromancy, enslaving fell spirits and bringing terror to the North.
Hillmen of Angmar and Rhudaur continued to fight in the armies of the Witch-king until 1974, when great strength was released upon Arthedain in a final stroke. Fornost was taken, and any who remained of Arthedain fled to the seaward Elvish country. But the next year, vengeance came swift, for the Men of Gondor and Elves of Lindon and Rivendell destroyed the host of Angmar and slew them utterly. None of the hillmen in this host survived, and those that remained fled into the Coldfells and Ettenmoors in the north, where those few who remained hid for centuries.
The Hillmen of Angmar remain a small and scattered people, living mainly in the lands of Angmar and the Ettenmoors. Though their hatred of the Dúnedain is no less, they are not now strong enough to launch attacks or fight wars. But they nonetheless survive, awaiting a day when they may sweep out of the North as they once did, and hurl all their enemies into the Sea.
Alignment Edit
Angmar is allied with all of the primary Orc factions except Isengard, and is enemies with all of the Free Peoples. Their area of influence covers all of Angmar, as well as the Ettenmoors, Trollshaws, Coldfells, and parts of the Misty Mountains, Lone-lands, Eriador, Forodwaith, and Rivendell, with their areas of influence centred at the Trollshaws, Carn Dûm, and Mount Gram.
Angmar's area of influence
Inter-faction relations for Angmar (ANGMAR)
Mortal Enemies
•Dol Guldur
•Mordor •Gundabad •Dunland
•Half-trolls
•Isengard
•Morwaith
•Near Harad
•Rhúdel
•Taurethrim
None •Blue Mountains
•Dale
•Dorwinion
•Dúnedain of the North
•Durin's Folk
•Fangorn
•Gondor
•High Elves
•Hobbits
•Lothlórien
•Rohan
•Woodland Realm
Invasions Edit
Angmar Invasions come in three forms: Angmar invasions, which feature all Angmar mobs; Angmar Warg invasions, which feature only Angmar Wargs and Warg-Riders; and Rhudaur invasions, which feature Rhudaur Hillmen of all types. Angmar commonly invades the Ettenmoors; uncommonly invades the Coldfells and the Lone-lands; and rarely invades Eriador, the Rivendell Hills, and the Trollshaws. Angmar Wargs commonly invade the Ettenmoors; uncommonly invade the Coldfells; and rarely invade Eriador, the Lone-lands, the Rivendell Hills, and the Trollshaws. Rhudaur Hillmen commonly invade the Ettenmoors and the Lone-lands; uncommonly invade the Coldfells, Eriador, and the Trollshaws; and rarely invade the Angle and the Rivendell Hills.
NPCs Edit
Angmar Edit
Angmar Orc - Orcs who serve the Witch-king of Angmar. They wear Angmar armour and wield Angmar equipment, which includes swords, battleaxes, and spears.
Angmar Orc Archer - Angmar Orcs equipped with Orc bows.
Angmar Orc Bombardier - Angmar Orcs equipped with devastating Orc bombs. Once they use the bomb, they will switch to a dagger.
Angmar Warg - Evil wolves allied with Angmar. They can be ridden by either Angmar Orcs or Angmar Orc Archers.
Angmar Warg Bombardier - An infamous and feared variant of Angmar Wargs with a triple strength Orc bomb strapped to its back. The effect from the bomb's explosion can be devastating, and can down almost any player or NPC in its radius. They only spawn in invasions.
Angmar Banner Bearer - Angmar Orcs bearing the standard of Angmar. They can only spawn in invasions, like Warg Bombardiers.
Troll - Large, strong, and stupid creatures that wield clubs and turn to stone in sunlight.
Hill-troll - Previously known as Mountain Trolls, they are even larger, stronger, and less intelligent than normal trolls. They can pick up rocks and throw them at enemies.
Angmar Orc Chieftain - Unit traders of Angmar. Conditions permitting (that is, correct alignment and budget), they allow players to hire all of the above.
Angmar Orc Trader - Item traders who can sell Angmar armour and equipment.
Rhudaur Hillman - Savage men of Rhudaur who betrayed the rest of Arnor and joined Angmar. They are equipped with an array of wooden, stone, bronze, and iron weaponry.
Rhudaur Hillman Warrior - The warrior force of the Hillmen of Rhudaur. They are equipped with Angmar weapons and wear bone, fur, and Angmar armour.
Rhudaur Hillman Axe-thrower - Deadly Rhudaur warriors equipped with either bronze or iron throwing axes.
Rhudaur Hillman Chieftain - Rhudaur unit traders equipped with an Angmar sword and Angmar armour (minus the helmet). They let players hire all of the above, if requirements are met.
Structures Edit
Angmar Orc Camp - Orc camps found all across Angmar. They consist of tents, forge tents, skulls, a small farm, and an Angmar crafting table. An Angmar Orc Trader may spawn here, too.
Angmar Tower - Ruined towers similar to the ones found in Mordor. An Angmar Orc Chieftain dwells at the top.
Angmar Shrine - Decorative structure that contains a crafting table.
Angmar Warg Pit - Large pits that house the Wargs of Angmar.
Troll Hoards - Chests that spawn underground at random. Trolls sometimes guard these chests, which contain the remains of unwary travellers and fallen warriors.
Angmar Orc Dungeons - Subterranean structures made of stone brick inhabited by Angmar Orcs.
Rhudaur Hillman Village - Small villages that house the Hillmen of Rhudaur. They contain regular houses and occasionally a chieftain house. Structures may spawn on their own, too.
Rhudaur Castle - Ruins of castles once used by the Men of Rhudaur.
Items Edit
Angmar Crafting Table - Crafting table used to craft the following.
Angmar Banner - The standard of Angmar, depicting a black iron crown on a brown background.
Orc Bows - Bows used by Angmar Orc Archers.
Angmar Armour - Armour worn by Angmar Orcs and Rhudaur Hillman Warriors, Axe-throwers, and Chieftains.
Angmar Equipment - Equipment used by Angmar Orcs and Rhudaur Hillman Warriors and Chieftains. Consists of swords, daggers (can be poisoned), battleaxes, warhammers, spears, poleaxes, pickaxes, regular axes, shovels, and, interestingly, hoes.
Orc Gate - Crude wooden gates reinforced with steel.
Orc Torch - Tall, dim torches made with two sticks and one piece of coal.
Orc Chandelier - Elegant yet evil light fixtures made with Orc torches and steel.
Orc Bed - Poor-quality beds.
Maggoty Bread - Stale bread that is rotting and full of maggots. (Who eats this for three stinking days anyway?)
Rhudaur Banner - The standard of the Rhudaur Hillmen. Depicts a double-headed battleaxe on a brown background.
The Raiders of Angmar
NPCs: Orc (Archer, Banner Bearer, Bombardier) • Troll (Chieftain, Hill) • Warg (Bombardier)
Traders: Chieftain • Trader
Items: Armour (Morgul, Morgul Horse, Warg) • Chain • Equipment (Morgul) • Skull Staff
Blocks: Bed • Brick • Crafting Table • Forge • Torch (Morgul)
Structures: Camp • Dungeon • Hoard • Shrine • Tower • Warg Pit
The Hillmen of Rhudaur
NPCs: Rhudaur Hillman (Axe-thrower, Banner Bearer, Warrior)
Traders: Chieftain
Structures: Castle • Village
Factions of the Lord of the Rings Mod
The Westlands:
Angmar • Blue Mountains • Dale • Dol Guldur • Dúnedain of the North • Dunland
Durin's Folk • Fangorn • Gondor • Gundabad • High Elves
Hobbits • Isengard • Lothlórien • Mordor • Rohan • Woodland Realm
Rhûn:
Dorwinion • Rhúdel
Harad:
Half-Trolls • Morwaith • Near Harad • Taurethrim
The Deeps of the Earth:
Retrieved from "https://lotrminecraftmod.fandom.com/wiki/Angmar_(Faction)?oldid=608006"


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Mega-Development Project Contributed to Recent Fighting in Northern Shan State, SHRF Says
By NETWORK MEDIA GROUP (NMG)
The Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF) has pointed out that the area in northern Shan State's Kyaukme Township where clashes have taken place between the Burma Army and Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) is near the site of the Upper Yeywa hydropower dam on the Namtu River.
A local man was killed in Pan Kyan village and a woman was injured in the fighting, which occurred at the end of June. Another man was beaten by Burma Army soldiers and nearly 600 people were displaced in the fighting, according to SHRF.
The fact that this military violence broke out just 10 miles from a mega-development project site must not go unrecognized, SHRF representatives have said.
"The project is located in a conflict affected area," Sai Yawd Leun, who works with SHRF, told NMG. "Mega-development projects cause military tension. When a project starts in a certain area, the army comes to the area to provide security for the project and the investment company. Because of this, the army and ethnic armed organizations have military tension. Armed conflict is connected to natural resources."
There are up to five ethnic armed organizations active in the area of the Upper Yeywa, he added.
Sai Yawd Leun said that SHRF is "demanding justice for the deaths" of civilians in northern Shan State, and highlighted the suffering of locals who have had to flee their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
SHRF released a statement on July 9 stating that they "strongly condemn the government's army for committing torture, abuse and violence."
On June 24, the RCSS informed the Burma Army of activities they were holding to mark the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking on June 26 near Hae Kwee village, near the Upper Yeywa dam. Clashes then followed throughout the last week of June.
SHRF reports indicate that soldiers from LIB 256 under LID 101 interfered with the RCSS's plans to hold the event. The two forces then exchanged gunfire in southern Kyaukme Township.
The Burma Army then reportedly sent reinforcement troops from IBs 22, 101, and 147 to attack the RCSS.
"It's not the right time for either international or domestic companies to invest during peace building in the country," Sai Yawd Leun said. "All stakeholders are trying to restore peace in the country. Clashes are occurring at the moment, so companies need to leave. If a mega-development project starts, the government and companies will profit… Armed conflict is connected to these mega projects. That's why there is military tension and clashes," he explained.
SHRF has stated that the Burma Army appears to be more concerned with the security of these development sites than of civilians in conflict areas.
Citing the ongoing civil war and the lack of both revenue transparency and local decision-making power, ethnic civil society organizations including SHRF have demanded that the Burmese government halt all mega-development projects in ethnic regions, including the Upper Yeywa hydropower dam, until there is genuine peace and a federal constitution in place in Burma.
Military to Prosecute Protesters in Kyaukme
Burma Army Advances Case Against Karenni Farmers to State Court


of the Missionary College of Antonio Rosmini.
from 7:30 am to 12:30 pm and from 3 pm. to 6 pm.
Weekdays and Saturday: 6:45 (In the Chapel of the Collegio Rosmini.
During Mass on Sundays and Feast Days a priest will be available for Confessions.
On weekdays pleas ring at the door of the College.
printed in 1716, by Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni.
This is available from the church office, reprinted in a restored format.


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Whole Foods, Trader Joe's say no to genetically modified fish
Thursday, March 21, 2013 - 7:30am
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could soon approve genetically engineered salmon, the first "transgenic" animal allowed to enter our food supply.
On Feb. 13, the Los Angeles City Council unanimously passed a resolution against it and now Whole Foods, Trader Joe's, Marsh Supermarkets, Aldi and other food retailers announced they won't sell it if it's approved.
Since genetically modified organisms (GMO) are not labeled in the United States, you could buy this salmon from a grocery store or restaurant without knowing it.
The salmon is "made" by the company, AquaBounty Technologies, based in Massachusetts. By placing a growth hormone gene from Pacific salmon and a genetic switch from ocean pout into farmed Atlantic salmon, they have created "AquAdvantage Salmon," which grows twice as fast as other farmed salmon.
The genetic switch from the ocean pout keeps the transplanted gene from Chinook salmon continuously active, thus leading to faster growth.
That means genetically engineered salmon can get to market sooner and they can make more money, faster.
"This dangerous lab experiment is all hype and full of downsides to consumers, salmon growers and the environment," said Food & Water Watch, a consumer safety nonprofit.
"At least 35 other species of genetically engineered fish are currently under development, and the FDA's decision on this genetically engineered salmon application will set a precedent for other genetically engineered fish and animals (including cows, chickens and pigs) to enter the global food market," said the Campaign for Genetically Engineered-Free Seafood (a coalition group of of retailers and consumers against the sale of genetically engineered fish) in a statement.
In December, the FDA said genetically engineered fish would have "no significant impact" on the environment and would be as safe to eat as "real" salmon. They are accepting public comments on these findings until April 26.
The FDA doesn't even do its own testing of genetically engineered animals: it relies on information provided by the company that wants approval. And because genetically engineered salmon are being considered as a new animal drug, the process isn't focused on what happens to people who eat genetically engineered animals. So on top of the health concerns posed by raising salmon in crowded factory fish farms that rely on antibiotics and other chemicals, the FDA could be adding the unknown risks of genetically engineered salmon to the mix.
"We won't sell genetically engineered fish because we don't believe it is sustainable or healthy," said Trudy Bialic from PCC Natural Markets in Washington State in a statement. "It is troubling that the FDA is recommending approval of AquaBounty's salmon as a 'new animal drug,' subjecting these engineered creatures to less rigorous safety standards than food additives (for humans). That's not a credible safety assessment."
"Simply put, this genetically engineered fish is unnecessary and is a problem masquerading as a solution," said Heather Whitehead, online campaigns director at The Center for Food Safety, in a statement.
The U.S. is the world's largest market for GMO foods because labeling isn't required. GMO foods are rarely found in the 60 countries that require labeling.
Last week, Whole Foods said all products with GMOs will be labeled in its stores by 2018. Organizers in 30 states are working on initiatives to require GMO labels.
Photo of a salmon run provided by Ryan Staake via Flickr.
This story is reprinted with permission from Sustainable Business.
How genetically engineered salmon swims onto our plates
ByRichard Martin
Transgenic fish are ready for us — are we ready for them?
ByEric Bender
'Edited' food: Is this obscure tool a game changer for GMOs?
ByMaywa Montenegro
Safeway shareholders call for GMO labeling
ByStephen Kennett
Report: Biotech's Merits Worthless Without Public Trust


text:
Q: How can we experimentally tell the difference between particles with and without rest mass?
*

*We only observe their decay products and that is what the rest-mass is reconstructed from.

*Also, there is a whole issue of running coupling which means that rest mass per se actually doesn't make sense, it's only theoretical construct and depends on the renormalization scheme (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_subtraction_scheme).
I understand that theoretically we have particles with (lepton, fermion) and without(photon, gluon). I wanted to know if somebody can explain experimentally how we can tell the difference from the decay maybe or somehow else?

Question:

*

*How can we tell from experiments that a certain particle, like a quark has rest mass, but a gluon does not? They both leave decay products. So what is specifically in the experiment (I guess deep inelastic scattering) that will tell from the decay product if it shows rest mass or not?

*Or is it that from experiments we can't tell, we just know theoretically the difference between particles with rest mass, and without, and identify them in the experiment, measure the decay's energy, and then say that that was just energy (from a photon, gluon) or rest mass (from a quark, electron, W,Z bozon)?

A: I'm just going to answer the title question as asked.
There are at least three categories of ways to detect non-zero mass for particles, and each has variations.
The basic methods are

*

*Measure the kinetic energy to momentum ratio ($T/p$).

*Measure the speed. Any value well distinguished from $c$ implies mass.

*Creation or decay kinematics.

*Observe mixing.
Spectrometer-Calorimeter
(Spectrometers measure momentum; calorimeters measure energy)
Relativity makes it clear that the ratio of total energy to momentum of a particle is $R_0 = T/p = E/p = c$ for a massless particle and $R_m = \frac{\gamma-1}{\beta\gamma} c$ for a particle with mass.
Reliably distinguishing that ratio is easy for particles with large mass.
Speed
If a particle is massless it moves at $c$; if massive it move at less than $c$, so any measurement of speed less than $c$ implies non-zero mass. Getting a value for that mass requires a little more work.
Speed can be measured

*

*By time-of-flight, either between two time-resolving detectors or from a known creation time to a single time-resolving detector. For charged particle it is easy to build detectors with nano-second time resolution, so this a straight-forward for particles even as light as electrons.

*For charged particles with a velocity-threshold detector such as a Cerenkov or transition radiation detector.
For neutral particle you have to get them to interact with a charged object in your detector to spot them, which makes this more difficult. None the less, accelerator neutrino speeds can be constrained to be very close to that of light with existing hardware.
Creation/Decay Kinematics
The conservation of four-momentum at a creation or decay vertex means that with good enough information on the motion of all the involved particle and if all the masses but one are known you can find the final mass.
This is easiest to see in a creation context where the annihilation of a particle with its anti-particle
$$ e^+ + e^- \longrightarrow X + \bar{X} \;,$$
can only proceed if the total (center-of-mass) energy is at least twice the mass of species $X$. Actual measurements generally involve the shape of the production cross-section versus total (CoM) energy rather than seeking the actual threshold where the production rate vanishes.
Attempts to obtain the neutrino masses this way have, so far, been frustrated by the difficulty of the experiment and the low rate near the end-point. However, new measurements are contemplated.
Mixing
This is the means by which we know neutrinos must have some mass. In essence, mixing requires time and no proper time passes between points on a luminal trajectory, so anything that mixes can't be following luminal trajectories and therefore must have mass.

A: Theoretically speaking, the simplest indicator is that zero rest mass particles, and only they, travel at the speed of light. But this may be challenging to measure directly. Renormalization is a computational heuristic that extracts theoretical predictions out of QFT (because we only have a perturbative formulation of it), but the parameters that come up in the answers, like effective masses and charges, have to be determined experimentally and inserted into the renormalized expressions by hand. So they are much less "theoretical" than the renormalization itself. There is Einstein's conjecture that matter has no "residual" mass, which never shows up in decays or collisions, needed to derive the mass-energy relation, see Why is Einstein's mass-energy relation usually written as $E=mc^2$, and not $\Delta E=\Delta m c^2$? But even the presence of such mass would not preclude kinematic measurability of the rest mass,
The question is of practical importance for neutrinos, which for a long time were thought to have zero rest mass, because of their role in the structure formation after the Big Bang. The original evidence was indirect, namely that  neutrinos oscillate between flavors during flight. From oscillation  measurements one can determine the mixing angles and hence the  differences between the squares of masses. Finite mass can also be inferred from other effects, like appearance of neutrinos with opposite chirality component in chirality selective experiments, double $\beta$ decay, and some cosmological observations. Kinematic determination of the neutrino rest mass is surveyed in Current Direct Neutrino Mass Experiments by Drexlin et al.  Here is the idea:

"The direct neutrino mass determination is based purely on kinematics without further assumptions. Essentially, the neutrino mass is determined by using the relativistic energy-momentum-relationship $E^2=m^2+p^2$. Therefore it is sensitive to the neutrino mass squared $m^2(\nu)$. In principle  there  are  two  methods: time-of-flight measurements and precision investigations of
  weak decays. The former requires very long baselines and therefore very strong sources, which only cataclysmic astrophysical events like a core-collapse supernova could provide...
Unfortunately nearby supernova explosions are too rare and seem to be not well enough understood to allow to compete with the laboratory direct neutrino mass experiments. Therefore, aiming for this sensitivity, the investigation of the kinematics of weak decays and more explicitly the investigation of the endpoint region of a $\beta$-decay spectrum (or an electron capture) is still the most sensitive model-independent and direct method to determine the neutrino mass."

A:
How can we tell from experiments that a certain particle, like a quark, has rest mass, but a gluon does not? They both leave decay products. So what is specifically in the experiment (I guess deep inelastic scattering) that will tell from the decay product if it shows rest mass or not?

At the moment the data from particle physics are fitted well by the standard model and the predictions of the model are validated, but all this is within experimental errors. Experimental errors are the same for the tracks coming out of the interactions, but the interpretation and use of this information make large differences in the accuracy of determination of masses.
Quarks and gluons are dependent on a large number of measured tracks, in jets, and thus an accumulation of errors. Errors are minimized in, for example, in a weak decay of a Z to mu+mu-. Thus the models we use affect the concept of masses for the identified particles. At the moment the standard model particles with zero mass are well validated, so it is an interaction between theory and measurements.

Or is it that from experiments we can't tell, we just know theoretically the difference between particles with rest mass, and without, and identify them in the experiment, measure the decay's energy, and then say that that was just energy (from a photon, gluon) or rest mass (from a quark, electron, W,Z bozon)?

Cart before the horse. The interactions, weak and electromagnetic, first measured zero-mass particles, i.e. in the energy balance of the experimental measurements the mass of the missing particle was within errors zero, and then the theory came to model the data. That is why for so many years we had the neutrinos massless because energy and momentum conservation in particle interactions measured them as massless, within errors.
The mass of the photon being zero is a linchpin not only in the standard model but also in special relativity, which is so well validated that there is not space to doubt that no matter how fine the errors, the mass of the photon is zero. This is not the same for neutrinos.
It is meaningless to ask for improvements in accuracy with the gluons which are never free to be measured with the strong interactions.
Thus at the moment, we are at the point where we have a standard model theory that encapsulates all our measurements, is predictive and has small windows for physics outside the standard model, which at the moment does not affect the zero masses necessary for the photon and gluon.
Edit after comments:
Here is the generation by a photon  of an e+ e- pair in the field of an electron ( the long line)

The energy-momentum vector of the incoming photon can be fitted by measurements and the mass of the incoming found zero within errors.
Here is a three-jet hadronic event in the ALEPH detector on the mass of the Z.

It is interpreted as a quark-antiquark gluon event, quark-antiquark from baryon conservation number, and gluon because it has baryon number zero. The jets are the results of the hadronization and it is only by fitting a great number of such events by use of the standard model and hadronization models that the conclusion about the masses can be made: the models have the masses that exist in the standard model particle table.


I wanted to do something constructive with my PEY term, so I decided to learn what I could about 3D graphics. When I say "learn" I don't mean any particular library or product like OpenGL or DirectX or POV-Ray (although I did have some fun with POV-Ray). I decided to learn about the math involved so I could write my own 3D library. I was taking home a paycheck and I was feeling brave.
So here we are. The library's name is GP, for Graphics Pipeline (I never said I was creative). It is low level polygon renderer with a design similar to OpenGL, although not identical (OpenGL, for instance does not allow oblique projections, while this API does). I think the shading might be a bit off but...whatever. It was all in good fun and maybe I'll fix it someday.


text:
*Birth Date Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Year 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
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The Pedregal Vineyard is located in the Paicines appellation, the seventh oldest in California, southeast of the Hollister area. Here, warm and breezy days are followed by cool evenings and foggy mornings leading to an extended growing season for ripe and concentrated fruit. The mountainside vineyard's gravelly, porous soils along with the Region I type climate make for ideal conditions for an elegant expression of Bordeaux varietals.
Benefitting from warm temperatures and a long growing season, the Pedregal Vineyard produced a moderate crop of very high quality fruit in 2018. The dry winter was followed by moderate temperatures and a final burst of heat in September and October that helped finish ripening. The additional hang time yielded small, intensely flavored berries.
Hand harvested fruit was immediately de-stemmed into small open top fermenters to maximize skin contact for flavor and color extraction. After the completion of primary fermentation, the young wine was barreled into a combination of French and American oaks for complexity and intensity of fruit concentration. The wine was aged for 18 months before bottling.
The Cuvee Louie is the inaugural wine to celebrate the patriarch of the Manzoni Clan: Louie Manzoni.
Aromas of dark berry and fruit lift lazily out of the glass followed by hard spices and well-heeled vanilla and hints of oak. They are intense and rich with real visceral weight to the experience. Rarely are the Bordeaux varietals so giving in the nose. The palate is no less joy with flavors of blueberry, darkest cherry and bright plum combining with lively acidity to provide for an intensely focused mouth-full of flavor. The complexities brought on by the combining of all five Bordeaux varietals, the cinq cepage, has both a mesmerizing and invigorating effect. Enjoy with the richest of steaks, a fine roasted joint of lamb and all of your favorite soft cheeses and roasted nuts.
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Carrie Lynn Studdert1
F, #453641, b. 25 August 1975
Carrie Lynn Studdert was born on 25 August 1975.1 She is the daughter of Ralph John Studdert and Carol Poynton.2
[S47] BIFR1976 page 1069. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S47]
Nina Josephine Studdert1
F, #453642, b. 9 August 1948
Last Edited=5 Aug 2012
Nina Josephine Studdert was born on 9 August 1948.1 She is the daughter of William Anselm Studdert and Helen Moore.2 She married Henry Patrick Narozny, Jr., son of Henry Patrick Narozny, on 22 August 1970.1
She graduated from Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.G, in 1970 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)1 From 22 August 1970, her married name became Narozny. She graduated from De Paul University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., in 1975 with a Master of Arts (M.A.)1 She was Director of Instruction, High School.1
Henry Patrick Narozny1
Henry Patrick Narozny lived at Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.1
Child of Henry Patrick Narozny
Henry Patrick Narozny, Jr.2
Henry Patrick Narozny, Jr. is the son of Henry Patrick Narozny.2 He married Nina Josephine Studdert, daughter of William Anselm Studdert and Helen Moore, on 22 August 1970.1
He lived in 1976 at 9723 South 90th Avenue, Palm Hills, Illinois, U.S.A.1
Gertrude Marie Studdert1
F, #453645, b. 9 January 1899
Gertrude Marie Studdert was born on 9 January 1899.1 She was the daughter of Augustus Warren Studdert and Hannah Hurley.2 She married Earl Hamilton Stamm on 30 August 1952.1
From 30 August 1952, her married name became Stamm. She lived in 1976 at 2076 San Carlos Avenue, San Carlos, California, U.S.A.1
Earl Hamilton Stamm1
M, #453646, d. August 1959
Earl Hamilton Stamm married Gertrude Marie Studdert, daughter of Augustus Warren Studdert and Hannah Hurley, on 30 August 1952.1 He died in August 1959.1
Kathleen Emily Studdert1
F, #453647, b. 13 July 1900, d. 1975
Kathleen Emily Studdert was born on 13 July 1900.1 She was the daughter of Augustus Warren Studdert and Hannah Hurley.2 She married James Connors, son of Michael Connors, on 25 June 1929.1 She died in 1975.1
From 25 June 1929, her married name became Connors.
Children of Kathleen Emily Studdert and James Connors
unknown daughter Connors2
Michael Connors1
Michael Connors lived at Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.1
Child of Michael Connors
James Connors+2
James Connors1
James Connors is the son of Michael Connors.2 He married Kathleen Emily Studdert, daughter of Augustus Warren Studdert and Hannah Hurley, on 25 June 1929.1
He lived in 1976 at 15339 South Catalina Drive, Orland Park, Illinois, U.S.A.1
Children of James Connors and Kathleen Emily Studdert
F, #453650, d. 30 June 1928
Nina Josephine Studdert was the daughter of Augustus Warren Studdert and Hannah Hurley.2 She died on 30 June 1928, unmarried.1


text:
Q: Finding the column with the largest column sum in a 2D array with non-uniform rows I'm trying to understand this 2D Arrays and just read this code and problem on CodeCademy. It seems like the logic is wrong. Why is it limiting the outer pass into arr[0].length only? What if it's not an equal n x n dimensions?
Are 2D arrays supposed to have an equal n x n dimension?

class Name {

public static int largestColumn(int[][] nums){
        int largestColumn = 0;
        int largestSum = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < arr2D[0].length; i++) {

            int columnVal = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < arr2D.length; j++) {

                columnVal += arr2D[j][i];
            }

            if (columnVal > largestSum) {
                largestSum = columnVal;
                largestColumn = i;
            }

        }

        return largestColumn;

}

   public static void main(String[] args){
       int[][] values =  {
                          { 17, 13, 19, 22 },
                          { 12, 18, 25, 20 },
                          { 15, 18, 21, 24 },
                          { 19, 23, 23, 22 },
                          { 18, 20, 21, 26}
                         };

       System.out.println(largestColumn(values)); // 3
   }

}

but what if you have these in the as values?
int[][] values =  {
                    { 17, 13, 19, 22 },
                    { 12, 18, 25, 20 },
                    { 15, 18, 21, 24 },
                    { 19, 23, 23, 22 },
                    { 18, 20, 21, 26, 1000, 500}
                  };

Obviously, column 4 will be the largest. but with the solution above, with arr[0].length as the first pass max, it won't pass through col 4 and col 5 as the max first pass would be < 3.
I checked the lengths of the 2nd 2D array values, 2D arrays are not self filling if you fill another array[i] with more elements (maybe just in Java since it's fixed?)
Any help would be appreciated, thanks!

A: The following function should work (explanation below):
public static int largestColumn(int[][] values){
    int maxLength = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++){
      if(values[i].length > maxLength){
        maxLength = values[i].length;
      }
    }
    int maxSum = 0;
    int maxInd = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < maxLength; i++){
      int currSum = 0;
      for(int j = 0; j < values.length; j++){
        if(values[j].length > i){
          currSum += values[j][i];
        }
      }
      if(maxSum < currSum){
        maxSum = currSum;
        maxInd = i;
      }
    }
    return maxInd;
  }

Input #1:
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[][] values =  {
                    { 17, 13, 19, 22 },
                    { 12, 18, 25, 20 },
                    { 15, 18, 21, 24 },
                    { 19, 23, 23, 22 },
                    { 18, 20, 21, 26}
                  };
    System.out.println(largestColumn(values));
  }

Output:
3

Input #2:
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[][] values =  {
                    { 17, 13, 19, 22 },
                    { 12, 18, 25, 20 },
                    { 15, 18, 21, 24 },
                    { 19, 23, 23, 22 },
                    { 18, 20, 21, 26, 1000, 500}
                  };
    System.out.println(largestColumn(values));
  }

Output:
4

First, we need to determine what the largest length of any row is. By simply traversing through every low and using a maximum algorithm, we can store the length of the largest row of values in maxLength.
Next, we iterate through all of the columns by having the variable, i, iterate from 0 to maxLength. In every column i, we add up the values in the i'th column, and store the value in currSum. When we reach a new maximum sum, we store the value in maxSum and the index in maxInd.
However, as you noticed, if values is not an nxn grid, we may get an out of bounds error. This is why we add an extra conditional to check if the jth row we are iterating through when calculating the sum has an ith column.
I hope this helped! Please let me know if you need any further help or clarification :)

A: A Two Dimensional Array in Java is an Array of Arrays and those inner arrays can be any length.
To read a 2D Array, read the Row then the columns of that row. A row is in the horizontal plane of the Matrix and the columns are in the vertical plain on the matrix, just like looking at a data table
In the following non-square matrix:
int[][] values = {//C0  C1  C2  C3   C4   C5
                  { 17, 13, 19, 22 },           // Row 0
                  { 12, 18, 25, 20 },           // Row 1
                  { 15, 18, 21, 24 },           // Row 2
                  { 19, 23, 23, 22 },           // Row 3
                  { 18, 20, 21, 26, 1000, 500}, // Row 4
                  { 27, 28, 29}                 // Row 5
                 };

the first row (row 0) consists of: 17, 13, 19, 22, the second row (row 1) consists of: 12, 18, 25, 20, and so on. In Row 0 the 17 is column 0, 13 is column 1, 19 is column 2, and so on.
To find Array with the greatest number of columns within the above 2D Array, you can do this:
int[][] values = {
                  { 17, 13, 19, 22 },
                  { 12, 18, 25, 20 },
                  { 15, 18, 21, 24 },
                  { 19, 23, 23, 22 },
                  { 18, 20, 21, 26, 1000, 500},
                  { 27, 28, 29}
                };

System.out.println("The 2D Array:");

int maxLen = values[0].length;
int indexOfMax = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(values[i]));
    if (values[i].length > maxLen) {
        maxLen = values[i].length;
        indexOfMax = i;
    }
}

System.out.println();
System.out.println("Literal Row #" + (indexOfMax + 1) + " (index: "
                 + indexOfMax + ") has the\ngreatest number columns: "
                 + maxLen);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(values[indexOfMax]));

The Console Window should display:
The 2D Array:
[17, 13, 19, 22]
[12, 18, 25, 20]
[15, 18, 21, 24]
[19, 23, 23, 22]
[18, 20, 21, 26, 1000, 500]
[27, 28, 29]

Literal Row #5 (index: 4) has the
greatest number columns: 6
[18, 20, 21, 26, 1000, 500]


text:
À 80 berges est le dernier album studio composé de chansons de Maurice Chevalier. Son dernier album étant un récit de sa vie. Il est à noter qu'il y chante un pot-pourri de succès, en anglais et en français, dans lequel figurent la chanson du film Un homme et une femme, Et maintenant, ou encore La Chanson de Lara.

Liste des titres

 "Si c'est ça la musique à papa" - 2:53
 "Mon idole" – 2:04
 "Si j'étais le père Noël" – 3:11
 "Les français" – 2:14
 "En 1925" – 2:17
 "Bonne année" – 1:48
 "Pot-pourri franco-anglais" – 5:12
 "I'm Gonna Shine Today" – 2:04
 "Grandfather" – 2:54
 "Pot-pourri Cole Porter" – 4:07

Album de Maurice Chevalier
Album musical sorti en 1967

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia