Fragaria virginiana; Fragaria vesca – Fragaria is from the Latin "fraga", the classical name used for the strawberry fruit, referring to its fragrance. The species name Virginiana means "of Virginia". The common name strawberry is from an old Anglo-Saxon word "streowberie", perhaps derived from the age-old practice of laying straw around cultivated plants to keep the fruit off the ground, or as a way to describe how the plants are 'strewn' across the ground.
in Latin: Fragaria virginiana Duchesne/ Fragaria vesca L.
Both species of strawberry described here can be observed for Plantwatch. They look very similar and bloom at about the same time. It is not necessary to identify what species you are observing, as long as it is a wild strawberry. For your interest, differences are described below.
Wild strawberries are perennial herbs that grow from a fibrous root with short rhizomes (creeping roots). They have long, slender, leafless runners that are often reddish in colour. These runners root when they contact the soil, to form new plants.
Leaves: The leaves are divided into three strongly-toothed, egg-shaped leaflets (leaflets usually 2 to 7cm long). Fragaria viriginiana: The upper leaf surface is bluish-green, the terminal tooth of each leaflet is shorter than its adjoining teeth, and the leaf teeth are blunter.
Fragaria vesca: The leaves are yellow-green on the upper surface, and the terminal leaflet tooth of F. vesca is longer than its adjoining teeth.
Flowers: Each plant has 2 to 15 small flowers with yellow centres and white petals (7 mm to 10 mm long).
Fruit: The fruit of the wild strawberry is small (up to 1.5 cm wide), and looks like a miniature version of store-bought strawberries. F. virginiana seeds are sunken in pits on the strawberry surface, and the fruit stem is shorter than the leaves. The seeds of F. vesca sit on the fruit surface, and the fruit stems are longer than the leaves.
Found throughout Alberta, but not common in the southeast.
Wild strawberries grow in open, well-drained places in lowland to subalpine zones. These plants can be found in fields and meadows, in disturbed areas, and in open forest.
First bloom: When the first flowers are open in the plants or patch observed.
Flowers in May, after spring thaw.
The fruit represents the enlarged fleshy and juicy receptacle of the flower, with seeds borne in pits near the surface. Runners allow for vegetative reproduction, where the running stems root at the tips and produce new plants. Occasionally, some or all of the stamens (male parts of flowers) are sterile, producing no pollen.
The woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) frequently hybridizes with wild strawberry (F. virginiana), making some plants difficult to distinguish to species. The deeply pitted fruit in wild strawberry (F. virginiana) is one differentiating characteristic that appears to be consistent.
Wild strawberry fruits are eaten by a number of birds and mammals, which disseminate the seeds in their droppings. Squirrels like to feast on the strawberries. Deer also favour the plants, and deer populations can have a major impact on growth of strawberries. First Nations Peoples on the west coast of British Columbia have noted that since deer were introduced on the Queen Charlotte Islands, the number of strawberry plants (likely the similar species, Fragaria chiloensis) has been severely reduced.
When the flowers are smaller than usual and greenish in colour, that is probable evidence that the plant is infected with a virus disease.
There are about 35 native species of Fragaria in temperate and subtropical areas of the Northern Hemisphere and in South America.
A favorite fruit everywhere, wild strawberries are probably best enjoyed fresh, as a tasty bite along the trail. In the past, some First Nations Peoples have mashed the fruit spread out over mats to dry in the sun, but other groups considered them too juicy to dry. The flavour of the fruits is dependent on local conditions.
water to make a paste which was applied to open sores to facilitate the healing.
Young girls from one west native coast native group wore headbands and belts of strawberry runners plaited together in three or four strands. Today, the leaf essential oil is in demand for aromatherapy.
Wild strawberries are too small to compete with commercial hybrid strawberries, but remain a popular item with hikers and walkers.
The common cultivated strawberry that is grown commercially and in gardens is considered to be of hybrid origin between the wild strawberry, F. virginiana, and the west coast F. chiloensis (L.) Duschesne. It was first developed in France and has been much improved by American breeders so that it is grown over a wider distribution than any other temperate-zone fruit. This hybrid species is the parent plant for 90% of the cultivated varieties of strawberries now grown. The wild varieties are easily grown and some believe the flavour is tastier than the domestic varieties. However, the domestic hybrids have larger fruits.
Clark, L. J. 1976. Wild flowers of the Pacific Northwest. Ed. By J. Trelawny. Gray's Publishing Ltd., Sidney, British Columbia.
MacKinnon, A. J. Pojar, and R. Coupe. 1992. Plants of northern British Columbia. B.C. Ministry of Forests and Lone Pine Publishing.
Marie-Victorin, F. 1964. Flore Laurentienne. Les Presses de l'Université de Montreal. Montreal, Quebec.
Porslid, A.E. and W. J. Cody. 1980. Vascular plants of continental Northwest Territories, Canada. National Museum of Natrual Sciences, National Museums of Canada. Ottawa, Ontario.
Roland, A. E. and E. C. Smith. 1969. The flora of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Museum. Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Scotter, G. W., H. Flygare. 1986. Wildflowers of the Canadian Rockies. Hurtig Publishers Ltd. Edmonton, Alberta.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978. The Flora of Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Ottawa, Ontario.
Taylor, T. M. C. 1973. The rose family of British Columbia. British Columbia Prov. Museum Handbook No. 50 Victoria, British Columbia.
Tilford, G. L. 1997. Edible and medicinal plants of the west. Mountain Press Publ. Co. Missoula, Montana.
Torrey, J. and A. Gray. 1969. A flora of North America. Hafner Publishing. London.
Turner, N. J. 1987. Food plants of British Columbia Indians-coast peoples. British Columbia Provincial Museum. Victoria, British Columbia.
Turner, N. J. 1979. Plants in British Columbia Indian technology. Royal British Columbia Museum Handbook No. 38. Victoria, British Columbia.
Ward-Harris, J. 1983. More than meets the eye- the life and lore of western wildflowers. Oxford University Press, Toronto, Ontario.


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Fort Bragg soldier awarded Medal of Honor by President Trump
Home /Military News/Fort Bragg soldier awarded Medal of Honor by President Trump
A Fort Bragg Soldier was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Donald Trump Wednesday. Master Sergeant Matthew O. Williams received the Medal of Honor for conspicuous gallantry while serving as a Weapons Sergeant in Support of Operation Enduring Freedom.
On April 6, 2008, while serving as a member of a Special Forces Operational Detachment Alpha 3336, Special Operations Task Force-33, assault element, then-Sergeant Williams exposed himself to insurgent fire multiple times while rescuing other members of the assault element and evacuating numerous casualties.
In the face of rocket-propelled grenade, sniper, and machine gun fire, Sergeant Williams led an Afghan Commando element across a fast-moving, ice cold, and waist-deep river to fight its way up a terraced mountain to the besieged lead element of the assault force. Sergeant Williams then set up a base of fire that the enemy was not able to overcome.
When his Team Sergeant was wounded by sniper fire, Sergeant Williams exposed himself to enemy fire to come to his aid and to move him down the sheer mountainside to the casualty collection point. Sergeant Williams then braved small arms fire and climbed back up the cliff to evacuate other injured soldiers and repair the team's satellite radio.
He again exposed himself to enemy fire as he helped move several casualties down the near vertical mountainside and as he carried and loaded casualties on to evacuation helicopters. Sergeant Williams's actions helped save the lives of four critically wounded Soldiers and prevented the lead element of the assault force from being overrun by the enemy.
Master Sergeant Williams, of Boerne, Texas, joined the United States Army on May 16, 2005. In 2008, he deployed to Afghanistan with Special Forces Operational Detachment Alpha 3336, Special Operations Task Force-33.
U.S. Rep. Richard Hudson, who represents Fort Bragg, joined the president for this special ceremony.
"I'm incredibly humbled to join President Donald Trump to present Master Sergeant Matthew Williams the highest military award for valor," said Rep. Hudson. "There is no greater fighter than an American soldier, and Master Sgt. Williams is among the best of them. The history books will remember, and we will always be grateful for his heroism and courage."
Williams is still serving in the United States Army and lives in Whispering Pines. When off duty, he enjoys hunting and spending time with his wife, Kate, and their son, Nolan.
The Medal of Honor is awarded to members of the Armed Forces who distinguish themselves conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of their own lives above and beyond the call of duty.
Photo and video via White House/Contributed
Amber Alert issued for missing 3-year-old Scotland County girl
TAGS: Master SergeantMatthewO.Williams MasterSergeantMatthewO.Williams MedalofHonor

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TORONTO: January 12, 2021. Galleon Gold Corp. (TSXV: GGO) (the "Company" or "Galleon Gold") is pleased to announce additional gold intercepts in and around the recently discovered Zone #9 high grade shoot at its 100% owned West Cache Gold Project, Timmins, Ontario. Recent drilling confirms that Zone #9 continues to show favorable grade continuity and widths within the shoot at depth. Current drilling is expected to provide better near-surface definition and test the shoot to greater depth.
WC-20-081 intersected 8.68 g/t Au over 10.0 m, from 276 to 286 m including sub-intervals of 12.25 g/t Au over 2.0 m and 12.04 g/t Au over 2.0 m
WC-20-080 intersected 8.25 g/t Au over 9.0 m, from 190 to 199 m including a sub-interval of 19.7 g/t Au over 1.0 m
WC-20-079 intersected 3.37 g/t over 5.0 m from 161 m to 166 m including a sub interval of 6.43 g/t over 1.0 m
"We are starting to see the emergence of a significant ore shoot, and as we trace it down dip and along strike, the grades and widths continue to be impressive. I am particularly pleased to see the continuity of the mineralized interval in Hole 81 and our growing ability to predict the orientation of the shoot with increasing accuracy. These are the types of grades and thicknesses that add to, and strengthen, the overall results of the gold project as the PEA is being developed by our third-party consultant, P & E Mining Consultants. As we spend more time modelling the geology at West Cache, the blue-sky potential is tremendous," comments R. David Russell CEO and President of Galleon Gold.
Figure 1 provides a cross-sectional view of five newly reported Zone #9 intervals, while Figure 2 shows a plan view of the 2020 Zone # 9 drill hole collar locations. The Figure 3 plan map indicates holes announced in this press release, while also providing planned hole locations. Figure 4 illustrates the dip orientation of the Zone #9 ore shoot in relation to previously modelled pit shapes. Table #1 summarizes assay and drill hole information. A full copy of the assays and drill hole statistics, from the current drill program, is available on the Company's website.
Table 1 West Cache Zone #9 Drill Intercepts
From (m)
To (m)
Au (g/t)
WC-20-076
2020 West Cache # 9 Drill Intercepts previously released
Note: all drill intercepts average approximately 90% true thickness.
Qualified Person and Quality Control
The technical content of this release has been reviewed and approved by Chris Dupont, P. Eng, a "Qualified Person" as defined in National Instrument 43-101 -Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. Quality Control and Assurance procedures and protocol include the insertion of one blank or standard for every 10 samples submitted for assay in addition to the insertion of standards, duplicates, and blanks inserted by AGAT Laboratories using the prep facility in Timmins, ON and analytical lab in Mississauga, ON. All gold values utilize common fire assay procedures with an AA finish, although assays over 10 g/t are re-analyzed by fire assay with a gravimetric finish. All samples reported have been checked against Company and Lab standards, duplicates and blanks. Sample prep includes all sample material crushed to 75% passing 2 mm with a 300 g split pulverized to 90% passing 200 mesh to create the 30 gram sample for fire assay. All core logging and sampling were completed in-house at the Company core facility in Timmins, ON. Core produced in the field is delivered to the Company's Timmins warehouse every morning with all logging, cutting, labeling and bagging completed by supervised personnel. Bagged core samples for assay are picked up twice a week by AGAT personnel for delivery to their prep facility across town.
About West Cache Gold Project
The West Cache Gold Project is located 13 km west of Timmins Ontario, it is serviced by Provincial highway 101 and secondary access roads. It is situated along the Porcupine-Destor gold belt, approximately 7 km northeast of Pan American Silver's Timmins West Mine and 14 km southwest of Newmont's Hollinger Mine.
Galleon Gold is a North American exploration and development company. Eric Sprott holds approximately 23% of the Company's outstanding common shares and is also the Company's partner on the Neal Gold Project in Idaho. Drilling is currently underway at the Company's flagship project, the West Cache Gold Project, located 13 km from Timmins, Ontario.
Some of the statements contained herein may be forward-looking statements which involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Without limitation, statements regarding potential mineralization and resources, exploration results, expectations, plans, and objectives of Galleon Gold are forward-looking statements that involve various risks. The following are important factors that could cause Galleon Gold's actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements: changes in the world-wide price of mineral commodities, general market conditions, risks inherent in mineral exploration, risks associated with development, construction and mining operations, the uncertainty of future exploration activities and cash flows, and the uncertainty of access to additional capital. There can be no assurance that forward looking statements will prove to be accurate as actual results and future events may differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Galleon Gold undertakes no obligation to update such forward-looking statements if circumstances or management's estimates or opinions should change. The reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.


Favours – again, what's with weddings and daft names..? Wedding breakfast when you probably don't mean bacon and eggs eaten at 9am and favours when you mean small gifts dished out to guests.
Should the budget bride splash out on such extravagances? You can pay a small fortune for customised miniatures, bottle stoppers*, chocolates et al. Again though, the pink, frothy tidal wave that is wedding planning may well sweep me off my feet and I'll feel as if my wedding just isn't right without some wee piece of kitsch to give out at the end of proceedings.
So, I could make my own… I visited Lakeland at Windermere recently. Any bakers out there? If so, you'll know what a huge deal Lakeland Windermere is; the mothership of baking. Here, all kinds of wonderful things are available to buy – moulds, tins, chocolate melts, sugar paste, sugar craft. If baking and all things creatively culinary is your thing, best leave the credit card safely at home.
Milk chocolates again, this time coating fudge.
Flash update! I've been diet coke free for two weeks. So, my teeth feel better (less sensitive), my stomach feels flatter and I feel as if my energy levels are more evenly spaced throughout the day.
**Personally, I blame the iPhone. Instant access to all those apps has ruined me forever.


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Home Movies Jurassic World Dominion to introduce Dimetrodon CONFIRMED – Is it even Jurassic anymore?
Jurassic World Dominion to introduce Dimetrodon CONFIRMED – Is it even Jurassic anymore?
Danish Molla - Last Updated: May 5, 2022
Jurassic World Dominion is going to have a massive hit at the theatres as they are showing many dinosaurs and some characters who are returning from the Jurassic Park. Now, Jurassic World Dominion is going to introduce Dimetrodon and it is confirmed. But Dimetrodon is in Jurassic World Dominion then the question arises Is it even Jurassic anymore? This type of question can come to mind as Dimetrodon is a very old animal, and it lived during Cisuralian around 295 to 272 million years ago.
Jurassic World Dominion is going to be the conclusion film of the Jurassic Park franchise. This movie gonna show many dinosaurs starting from Jurassic Park to Jurassic World The Fallen Kingdom. In this movie, Giganotosaurus is going to be the main antagonist of this movie as in the previous movies the main antagonist is the hybrid dinosaurs like Indominous Rex and Indo Raptor. But Giganotosaurus exists in the late cretaceous period. As the release date is coming closer many leaks are also coming closer. Some of the leaks are that Dimetrodon who lived before dinosaurs is going to appear in the Jurassic World Dominion. But many fans are thinking that how it should possible that an animal who lived 295 to 272 million years ago.
How Dimetrodon can come to Jurassic World Dominion?
About Jurassic World Dominion
Some new images of Jurassic World Dominion have dropped and one of that new images is Dimetrodon. Dimetrodon lived before dinosaurs and it was in Jurassic World Dominion. Many fans are Is it even Jurassic anymore? As Dimetrodon existed a long year ago so it may happen Dimetrodon has been created in Masrani's lab or something different also happened. Fans can't wait to see this movie as they will show Dimetrodon in this movie. In that image, Dimetrodon was looking big and glorious and his red spine and he was there in Amber caves it also confirmed that Dr. Allan Grant and Dimetrodon has a face-off. The director of Jurassic World Dominion has teased a photo of Dr. Allan Grant in the Amber caves and in the photo of Dimetrodon we can also see a glimpse of Dr. Allan Grant. So might be connected but how Dimetrodon is coming here we don't know. Jurassic World Dominion is set to release in theatres on 10th June 2022.
Jurassic World Dominion is the conclusion of the Jurassic Park franchise. This movie is returning the old Jurassic Park stars are Sam Neill as Dr. Allan Grant, Laura Dern as Dr. Ellie Sattler, and Jeff Goldblum as Ian Malcolm. Along with the Jurassic World stars Chris Pratt as Owen Grady and Bryce Dallas Howard as Claire Dearing. This movie will take place 4 years after the events of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. In this movie, we can see Dinosaurs and human beings living together.
Fans are really waiting for the Jurassic World Dominion as many old Jurassic Park stars are returning along with the Jurassic World stars too. This is the last movie of the Jurassic World franchise so fans are also emotional but this movie will give more exciting things to fans. In a new image we can see Dimetrodon who didn't live in the Jurassic period he is old than that but that animal is here in this movie. Jurassic World Dominion is set to release in theatres on June 10th, 2022.
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TAGS Bryce Dallas HowardChris PrattJeff GoldblumJurassic World DominionLaura DernSam Neill
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Evaluation and Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome in the Primary Care Environment.
Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbon disease (RLS/WED) is a common sensorimotor disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move and is associated with an uncomfortable sensation typically in the lower extremities. Dopaminergic neurotransmission abnormalities, genetics, sleep deprivation, and iron deficiency all play key roles in the pathogenesis of primary RLS. Secondary RLS has been associated with other medical conditions and medication usage. A thorough subjective evaluation and complete neurologic examination are key in the diagnosis of RLS/WED. Treatment includes pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches. Referral to a neurologist or sleep specialist should be considered if initial treatment plans are ineffective.


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The timeline of events below are taken from the archives of Wrestling-Online.com and Wrestling-Online Newsletter. All information was accurate at time of the date stamps below.
Timeline of story: 03/07/2007 to 09/13/2007.
҂ Kurt Angle's name popped up in a story about a steroid sting which features other athletes including boxer Evander Holyfield, former MLB players Jose Canseco and Gary Matthews Jr. Last week, several law enforcement and prosecutorial agencies including the DEA, IRS, Justice Department and New York and Florida agencies stormed the offices of The Palm Beach Rejuvenation Center, a raid witnessed by writers from Sports Illustrated. The PBRC along with other similar companies are involved in a massive illegal distribution network that enabled customers to place orders over the Internet for performance-enhancing drugs, including steroids and human growth hormone (HGH). According to Sports Illustrated, Angle received two prescriptions for trenbolone and one for nandrolone between October 2004 and February 2005 while working for World Wrestling Entertainment. When SI tried to reach Angle for comments, messages left with his spokesman were not returned.
҂ In late February, two Sports Illustrated reporters along with several law enforcement and prosecutorial agencies including the DEA, IRS, Justice Department and New York and Florida agencies stormed the offices of The Palm Beach Rejuvenation Center in a steroid sting. Kurt Angle's name popped up at the beginning, but now, the same two reporters have revealed that other WWE Superstars received steroids from another facility that was also raided at the same time in Arizona. The late Eddie Guerrero ordered HCG and the steroid stanozolol from David Wilbirt, an Arizona doctor in early 2005. Wilbirt also allegedly issued prescriptions for the steroids nandrolone and stanozolol to Rey Mysterio. Randy Orton has allegedly received eight prescriptions for six different drugs – stanozolol, nandrolone, anastrozole, Clomiphene citrate, oxandrolone and testosterone – between March 2004 and August 2004 and Edge and The Hurricane received HGH. Mysterio, Edge, Orton and Hurricane declined to comment when contacted by Sports Illustrated. In late 2005, WWE introduced the Wellness Program that takes action against those individuals who abuse of any kind of steroids.
҂ In a follow-up from yesterday's Sports Illustrated bombshell about four current WWE Superstars receiving steroids, World Wrestling Entertainment has released a statement on WWE.COM regarding the matter. "All of the allegations set forth in a recent SI.com article mentioning WWE predate the initiation of WWE's current Talent Wellness Program. This WWE program prohibits the use of performance enhancing drugs, as well as other prescription drugs which can be abused, if taken for other than a legitimate medical purpose pursuant to a valid prescription from a licensed and treating physician. For purposes of WWE's policy, prescriptions obtained over the Internet and/or from suppliers of prescription drugs from the Internet are not considered to have been given for a legitimate medical purpose."
҂ A news report on WAGA-TV in Atlanta yesterday reported that from the medical records that the DEA confiscated from Dr Phil Astin's office it resulted that seven former WWE, WCW and ECW Superstars received steroids and pain killers prescriptions from the doc over the past few years. These are Lex Luger, Marcus Bagwell, Johnny Grunge, Mark Jindrak, Bob Holly, Rey Mysterio and Chris Benoit. Nancy Benoit's name was also on the list. Astin's attorney said numerous times on television and on print that the doctor never prescribed anything illegal to Chris Benoit. The doc is also being investigated in the death of former Public Enemy member Johnny Grunge, who passed away on February 16th at his residence in Peachtree City, GA. Astin pleaded not guilty when he was arraigned last week. His attorney said that depending on the outcome of the investigation he might change it to a guilty plea and bargain with the federal government.
҂ AOL-owned TMZ.COM is running a story about WWE wrestlers making use of the drug Soma, a powerful muscle relaxer. Former WWE Diva Terri Runnels – ex wife of Dustin 'Goldust' Runnels – told the website that the boys in the back "eat Somas like candy." She added, "I've personally seen a WWE Superstar nearly die right in front of me after taking 13 Somas…while still behind the wheel of his car!" WWE eventually replied to the posting on the TMZ website saying that the abuse of drugs and steroids in WWE is unacceptable however the company cannot account for the "poor personal decisions a small minority may make outside the workplace to undermine these efforts." WWE also made note of their drug testing program called the Talent Wellness Program.
҂ A new steroid scandal might hit WWE very soon. 36 year old Dr. Claire Godfrey pleaded guilty to a felony drug count yesterday in connection with a nationwide steroid distribution ring. According to the Times Union newspaper, clients of the former Mrs. Florida contestant include at least two WWE wrestlers who were not named. Dr. Godfrey is the seventh to plead guilty in this case for writing steroids prescriptions for athletes. The prosecution is building up the case against Signature Pharmacy, an Orlando company owned by husband-and-wife pharmacists Stan and Naomi Loomis. Authorities say that if the case against Signature ever goes to court, Dr. Godfrey would be one of their star witnesses. The Times Union newspaper also confirms that Chris Benoit obtained steroids that allegedly were signed by Dr. Gary Brandwein, a South Florida doctor also under indictment in Albany in the same case. The prescriptions attributed to Brandwein were delivered to Benoit in 2005 and 2006, according to shipping records reviewed by the newspaper. Authorities are continuing to examine how many pro wrestlers may have received steroids from Signature Pharmacy.
҂ Two congressmen who pushed to open steroid hearings into MLB have requested that WWE provide its Wellness Program records and results for the Superstars that have been tested. Vince McMahon, Chairman of WWE, was given until August 24th to turn over all records. The move was pushed by Rep. Henry Waxman, the chairman of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and Tom Davis, its ranking minority member. WWE will need to provide documents to the committee and the investigation team. This was reported by ESPN earlier today in the aftermath of the Chris Benoit double murder-suicide last month. "The tragic deaths of World Wrestling Entertainment star Chris Benoit and his family have raised questions about reports of widespread use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs by professional wrestlers," the congressmen wrote. "These allegations – which include first-hand reports of steroid use by prominent former wrestlers – have swirled around the WWE for over a decade. Investigations by journalists have described a culture of performance-enhancing drug use in professional wrestling, high fatality rates among young professional wrestlers, and an inability or unwillingness of WWE to address these problems." WWE spokesman Kevin Hennessy said, "We are reviewing this letter and will respond accordingly." You can read the three page letter submitted by the Congress here.
҂ The United States Congress contacted TNA Wrestling regarding the use of steroids and other illegal drugs by professional wrestlers. The company joins WWE who are under the microscope and ordered to submit information regarding the drug testing and what measures are taken to ensure the safety of their wrestlers. Congressman Cliff Stearns has joined the subcommittee's chairman, Bobby Rush in overseeing this topic. In their letter to TNA President Dixie Carter, it was asked if the company implemented something similar to the WWE's Wellness Program and if so, to submit all related documents. You can read the letter sent to TNA here.
҂ World Wrestling Entertainment today issued a reply to the letter the company received from the Congressional Energy and Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection late last month that requested WWE to turn over all documents related to the Wellness Program for review. The letter published by WWE, drawn up by WWE's leading attorney Jerry McDevitt, does not disclose any information regarding results and is only the cover letter. WWE states that most records are in the hand of Dr. Black, the administrator in charge of the Wellness Program, and they have asked him to prepare a response of his own to provide records as requested. You can read the letter here.
҂ The Associated Press today ran a story about WWE officials meeting with New York prosecutors that are investigating illegal steroid sales. The meeting was held on Tuesday after the company was invited to join along with representatives from the NFL, NBA and other sports and entertainment companies. WWE spokeswoman Jennifer McIntosh declined to comment on what was discussed. The company which is being investigated is Signature Pharmacy which is based in Orlando, FL. Signature is at the center of Albany County District Attorney P. David Soares' investigation into illegal steroid sales in upstate New York. It was revealed that Chris Benoit was a client of Signature according to the DA's office. Signature's owners have pleaded not guilty.
҂ WWE has replied to the second letter it received from the US Congress, this time to the Congressional Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Sent by the Chairman Henry Waxman and Ranking Minority Member Tom Davis, the letter was similar to the one that WWE received from the Congressional Energy and Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection. In their reply, WWE agreed to provide all the drug testing results dating back to September 21st 1998. There are no records prior to that date. In the letter it was also requested that WWE submits any reports on investigations regarding the deaths of its pro wrestlers, injuries and illness. WWE stated that there are no such investigations since the company is in the entertainment business and there are no personnel qualified to carry such work.
҂ The investigation about Signature Pharmacy from Orlando, FL., by New York prosecutors had a major impact on WWE and the company announced that it has suspended 10 of its Superstars following independent information from the prosecutor's office in Albany County, NY., which has been investigating illegal steroid sales. While the company did not mention who was suspended it issued a notice to everyone saying that those who fail starting from November 1st, their names will be made public. Judging from the list released by Sports Illustrated and taking out those who passed away or are not with the company anymore, it leaves exactly ten people.
҂ Sports Illustrated obtained documents about those who received steroids and illegal drugs from Signature Pharmacy and shows 14 current and former WWE Superstars as clients. These drugs were purchased from the Internet, something which the company does not allow. Chris Benoit received nandrolone and anastrozole in February 2006; Eddie Guerrero received nandrolone, testosterone, and anastrozole; Shane Helms received testosterone, genotropin and nandrolone from November 2003 to February 2007; Chavo Guerrero received somatropin, nandrolone and anastrozole between April 2005 and May 2006; Randy Orton received somatropin, nandrolone, stanozolol from September 2004 through February 2007; John Morrison received somatropin, anastrozole, testosterone, stanozolol and chorionic gonadotropin between June 2006 and February 2007; Mr Kennedy received anastrozole, somatropin and testosterone between October 2006 and February 2007; Funaki received somatropin in March 2006; Charlie Haas received anastrozole, somatropin, stanozolol, nandrolone and chorionic gonadotropin between August 2006 and January 2007; Umaga received somatropin between July and December 2006; William Regal received stanozolol, somatropin, genotropin, and anastrozole; Edge received somatropin, genotropin, and stanozolol between September 2004 and February 2007. Former wrestlers with the company including Crush and Slyvan Grenier received nandrolone, testosterone and Somatropin in December 2006 and somatropin, nandrolone, genotropin and stanozolol, starting in February 2005 through July 2006 respectively.
҂ According to the New York Daily News, the House Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection will be holding a session about the use of drugs in wrestling at the end of September. WWE spokesman Kevin Hennessy said that WWE would comply if they are asked to attend the hearings but so far no request has been received. WWE received two letters in late July with the other one being from the Congressional Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and the company was asked to submit all documents related to their Wellness Program including testing procedures and results.
҂ The news of WWE's suspensions made it on most major media outlets. CNN, FOX News, Yahoo!, Associated Press, CBS, USA Today, New York Times, Sports Illustrated, New York Post, Atlanta Journal-Constitution and many, many other local and foreign news outlets all posted the story. The coverage of this news was the biggest wrestling-related since the Benoit family double murder-suicide back in June. While usually any kind of advertisement is good advertisement, this kind of publicity is something that WWE wants to stay away from since the news basically made the Wellness Program look useless as most of the online purchases of the drugs by the Superstars were done after the testing was initiated. The company has defended its Wellness Program vigorously both in print and on television after the Benoit case and everything they said about their program was basically destroyed by these findings.
҂ There is one casualty in this steroid case so far and Mike Bucci, otherwise known as 'Simon Dean', has been fired from the company. Although Bucci's name didn't surface in the Sports Illustrated list, the New York Daily News released his name yesterday as one of the clients of Signature Pharmacy, the company under the microscope by New York prosecutors. Bucci decided to hang his boots and get involved with the management side of the company and first was assigned to Deep South Wrestling as booker and then was promoted to the talent relations department.
҂ WWE attorney Jerry McDevitt has confirmed that another suspension was handed out in connection with the Signature Pharmacy drug ring investigation. McDevitt added that one of the eleven will be having his second suspension, meaning he will be out of action for 60 days without pay. According to the Wellness Program, there are three chances: first time you get suspended for 30 days; second for 60 and the third is a contract termination. The other ten will be suspended for 30 days without pay. There will be no more suspensions in connection with this case.
҂ Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer is reporting that all those that received suspensions were flown to Stamford, CT., for a meeting with the Chairman Vince McMahon at the WWE Headquarters. All ten reported to the meeting except for the eleventh Superstar – whose name wasn't mentioned yet – because apparently he missed his flight.
҂ The folks at PWInsider.com are reporting that a meeting was held with the Smackdown! and ECW Superstars yesterday before the television tapings. Stephanie McMahon and John Laurinaitis – who are in charge of talent – informed the wrestlers that the company will be testing for marijuana use as well and if they get caught they will fined at least $1,000. They will also test for anti-estrogen drugs which is usually taken to decrease the after-effects of human growth hormone and steroid use. And finally they will also be testing those individuals who would be hired prior to the actual signing.
҂ Former World Heavyweight champion Batista has issued a statement on his official website about the reports of his name being listed as a client of Signature Pharmacy. ESPN.COM was the one who originally listed his name. "I categorically deny a report on ESPN.com, and repeated by other media outlets, that I am or ever have been a customer of Signature Pharmacy of Orlando, an on-line pharmacy company that is a target of an investigation by the Albany, New York District Attorney's Office. I am being tested regularly by the WWE, and I am in full compliance with the WWE Wellness Program. I regret the inaccurate reporting, and I will do all I can in the future to stop any publication or anyone from making such false accusations." Batista is said to be looking into legal action against ESPN and the others who falsely reported his name.
҂ Several readers sent us a link to an article by the Palm Beach Post that covers the Signature Pharmacy investigation and those who got busted for purchasing illegal drugs through the company. In the article it was revealed that an employee of the clinic named Misty Waldo sent overnight packages to both Paul 'Big Show' Wight and Ric Flair. Wight and WWE did not respond to a request for comment according to the article. Investigators also did not specify what items where in the packages. If the report is true, Big Show and the Nature Boy would be the latest two wrestlers tied to the clinic which is under investigation by New York prosecutors for illegal distribution of drugs and steroids online. Wight left WWE late last year while Flair gave notice to the company last month. You can read the article here.
҂ There have been a lot of discussions lately suggesting that Booker T and Sharmell have both quit the company after Booker T's name surfaced on the clients list of Signature Pharmacy. After McMahon ordered a meeting with all the Superstars who were suspended, Booker T failed to show up after missing his flight to Stamford. Booker is rumored to be the one who is being suspended for sixty days. Dave Meltzer of the Observer reported last week that Booker has quit the company along with his wife although no official confirmation from any of the two sides was announced. Both of their profiles are still visible on the WWE.COM website and usually that section is the first updated when a wrestler is fired or released. The 42 year old former five time WCW champion has enjoyed a nice run lately and wrestled Triple H in his return match at SummerSlam last month. If Booker and his wife were to comeback, their return would be sometime in November.


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News in Science › StarStuff › Health and Medical
Asteroid and volcanoes combined killed the dinosaurs
lava lake Source: USGS.
The asteroid that slammed into Earth 66 million years ago accelerated volcanic eruptions in India creating a double-whammy disaster that wiped out the dinosaurs. Also; new insights into the dwarf planet Ceres, and neutrino discovery awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
MP3 (00:30:00; 27Mb 477kb)
This week on StarStuff:
Dinosaur mass extinction was a double whammy
The 10-kilometre-wide asteroid that triggered the mass extinction event that killed 75 per cent of all life on Earth also triggered one of the largest volcanic eruptions in history, further compounding the disaster.
Most detailed maps yet of the Dwarf planet Ceres (Time in: 10min 04sec)
New insights into some of the mysteries of the dwarf planet Ceres have been revealed in new detailed maps of the asteroid. The new data taken by NASA's Dawn spacecraft include a detailed topographic and soil composition maps, as well as close up views of a weird pyramid-shaped mountain and mysterious bright spots.
Nobel Prize in Physics goes to neutrino discovery (Time in: 12min 36sec)
Scientists Takaaki Kajita and Arthur McDonald have been awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Physics after discovering that elusive subatomic particles called neutrinos have mass. Prior to their work, the prevailing theory was that neutrinos -- the second-most abundant particle in the universe after photons, had no mass.
Five things we need to do to live on Mars (Time in: 17min 16 sec)
Forget all the Hollywood hype, we science the heck out of the technology needed to fly to Mars and survive on the red planet. And it seems all the technology's already there, we just need the political will to do it!
And don't forget...
StarStuff Earth image of the week ... one of the most recognisable places on the planet seen from space
Great Exuma Island in the Bahamas is one of the most recognisable places on the planet for astronauts aboard the International Space Station. The distinct lines of the tidal channels cut between the small emerald island cays stand out, even from orbit.
Hosted by Stuart Gary, StarStuff takes us on a weekly journey across the universe. StarStuff reports on the latest news and discoveries in science, with a special focus on astronomy, space sciences and cosmology.
Subjects: disasters-and-accidents, avalanche, drought, earthquake, famine, fires, floods, landslide, tidal-wave, volcanic-eruption
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Ceres bright spot mystery solved
How the Sun generates solar flares
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Lately, this board has just been a mess; people are suggesting new things left and right, as well as making new topics *looks at Lusamine*. It's been hard for me to keep track of everything going on since it just became so unorganized and people are trying to suggest like 5 different things at the same time.
What I've decided to do is to make players propose anything they would like to do, to change TWG in a way, via PM so everything can be organized properly into an issue proposal queue, where I would use to base poll questions off of. That way, it makes everything more orderly and organized.
I would prefer to have stuff in this format or anything similar. Here is an example of a proper proposal based on the current question regarding Bidding that people should theoretically PM me.
New Method Proposal to Alleviate the Issue: Have Bidding Guide merged with Bidding Poll Topic under one Bidding Topic; Have TWG Headquarters Unstickied.
Anyways, hope that isn't inconvenient, thanks!
Solution Proposed by Player: Scrap any idea of it and require a bid to be passed in order for new role creations.
- No role bidding but rolereworking is a potential idea!
- Inuit has been renamed to Angakkuq as of December 3rd, 2017! Credits to Lusamine for the name.
- A Normal Day Outside: Temmie is fixing the rolelist to include less used + more interesting roles.


Size 2.75" x 3.3". This mold will be discontinued. The shown price include a discount of approximately 50%.
Size 1.6" x 1.75". A unique mold showing a couple dancing. This mold will be discontinued. The shown price include a discount of approximately 50%.
Size 3.6" round. New carving by Dukasi.
Size 2.75quot; x 2.1quot; oval. New carving by Dukasi.


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Making a difference on MLK Day
By Jane Bishop Halteman
Martin Luther King photos found at site.gov addresses and thus in public domain
You can donate time, talent, or treasure to make a difference on Martin Luther King Day and all year long, according to a CNN article posted Sunday by Bethany Hines.
Deliver a meal, start a conversation, write a letter, the author proposes. Or build homes through Habitat for Humanity, educate others, work through a group like Doctors without Borders. Make a financial contribution or be kind where you are…"Give a compliment. Open the door for someone. Help mom cook dinner."
Today, the third Monday in January, was proclaimed a national holiday in 1983 to honor civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., though the day was not observed until 1986. Not until the year 2000 did all states become actively involved in the celebration.
Taking a serious look at service to make the world a better place for the poor and powerless is one of the best ways to honor the memory of King, a Baptist pastor, on this day and throughout the year, according to his late wife, Coretta Scott King.
She says this on the meaning of the King holiday: "On this day we commemorate Dr. King's great dream of a vibrant, multiracial nation united in justice, peace and reconciliation; a nation that has a place at the table for children of every race and room at the inn for every needy child. We are called on this holiday, not merely to honor, but to celebrate the values of equality, tolerance, and interracial sister and brotherhood he so compellingly expressed in his great dream for America."
But the day is not only for celebration and remembrance, education and tribute, she continues. "All across America on the holiday, his followers perform service in hospitals and shelters and prisons and wherever people need some help. It is a day of volunteering to feed the hungry, rehabilitate housing, tutor those who can't read, mentor at-risk youngsters, console the broken-hearted, and a thousand other projects for building the beloved community of his dream."
Two years ago, for the 2016 Glimpses of Healing and Hope MLK blog post, I gathered some King quotes and asked how Martin Luther King Day inspires us to make a difference. Where do we see the glimpses of healing and hope for which Martin Luther King yearned? We are all familiar with some of his quotes (see below), but how are we getting involved with helping to bring his dream to some small fruition?
"The ultimate tragedy is not the oppression and cruelty by the bad people but the silence over that by the good people."
"Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that."
"Everybody can be great...because anybody can serve. You don't have to have a college degree to serve. You don't have to make your subject and verb agree to serve. You only need a heart full of grace. A soul generated by love."
Said in a speech at a victory rally following the announcement of a favorable U.S. Supreme Court decision desegregating the seats on Montgomery's busses: "The end is reconciliation; the end is redemption; the end is the creation of the Beloved Community. It is this type of spirit and this type of love that can transform opponents into friends. It is this type of understanding goodwill that will transform the deep gloom of the old age into the exuberant gladness of the new age. It is this love which will bring about miracles."
Given changes in national leadership a year ago and that leadership's continued missteps on many fronts as illustrated again this past week in a bipartisan meeting on immigration reform, it is difficult to see the forward progress we've made on a national level in the last 12 months. For now, perhaps we need to turn for encouragement to our local communities and neighborhoods and congregations. Where are you encountering King's "hearts full of grace and souls generated by love?"
Kern Road guest speaker Cyneatha, former pastor of Community Mennonite Church in Markham, IL, and currently program director of Mennonite Central Committee Great Lakes, told us during her Sunday sermon that "the best way to reach out to others is to know ourselves and what we have to offer….Know who you are and identify your capacities to help."
Where do you see yourself plugging into King's dream for racial justice and harmony? How can you put what life has taught you ("all that is your life is forming you," Cyneatha said) into practice that will build justice and harmony where you live, where you work, where you are active in your community?


Cooking doesn't get tougher than this – young gourmets will be put through their paces in a MasterChef-style contest which focuses on making the most of kitchen leftovers.
The pupils at Brooke Weston Academy in Corby will aim to impress the judges in the competition which has been organised by the Northamptonshire Waste Education Team.
A total of 18 pupils will sweat it out over the hob at the event on Tuesday October 9, with winners announced at a school assembly the following day.
The initiative is part of the national Love Food Hate Waste campaign which aims to demonstrate how much food householders throw away and, more importantly, how they can reduce this amount.
Cllr Ben Smith, Northamptonshire County Council cabinet member for environment said: "This is about all of us changing our behaviour to make sure that we cut down on the amount of food that is wasted.
"By taking simple measures like planning for meals in advance and using leftovers to make tasty snacks we can cut down on the amount of food waste that goes straight in our bins or for food waste disposal.
Corby Borough Council's Lead Member for Environment, Cllr Peter McEwan, said: "Whilst we offer a food waste collection in Corby, which has helped to raise the Borough's recycling figure from 46% to 61%, the most environmentally friendly way forward is to work towards reducing our food waste altogether.
An estimated 8.3 million tonnes of food goes to landfill every year in the UK, which amounts to about one third of food bought in the shops.
Not only is throwing away good food a waste of money, rotting food in landfill produces greenhouse gases that contribute significantly to climate change. Research suggests that if we stopped wasting food it would have the same environmental benefit as taking one in four cars off the road.
Preparing for the week ahead by making a meal plan and writing a shopping list will save money.
Measuring out difficult to estimate portions like dried pasta and rice will reduce overcooking.
Use up what is short dated and incorporate key ingredients into meal plans.
Store food sensibly to maximise its life. Keep fresh fruit and veg in the fridge and freeze meat and fish before they reach their best before date.
Cook once and eat twice by making a large family meal such a lasagne and freezing half for another day. Similarly turn leftovers into a brand new meal, for example using cooked veg in a tasty soup.


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French luxury goods giant LVMH secures deal for US jeweller Tiffany
LVMH Tiffany, © AP/Press Association Images
By Associated Press Reporter
The largest deal in luxury is back on after New York jeweller Tiffany agreed to a slightly reduced offer from Paris-based LVMH.
LVMH will now pay 131.50 dollars (£100) for each Tiffany share, putting the total price tag at 15.8 billion dollars (£12.02bn), down from the 16.2 billion (£12.33) that was first offered earlier this year.
The owner of Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior and Fendi, along with a series of wine and champagne brands, appeared to walk away from the acquisition last month after it said the French government had pushed for a delay because of the threat of proposed US tariffs.
But the reasons for its cold feet seemed to shift, and there was pressure from investors on both sides to make a deal happen.
Rumours that the two luxury companies had rekindled talks began to surface in recent days.
"We are as convinced as ever of the formidable potential of the Tiffany brand and believe that LVMH is the right home for Tiffany," LVMH CEO Bernard Arnault said in a statement on Thursday.
Tiffany, with its famed blue boxes, has in recent years attempted to regain the lustre of the "Breakfast At Tiffany's" era as its customer base aged.
It has shifted its focus to younger shoppers and made a significant push online. The deep pockets of LVMH could go a long way in helping that transformation along.
LVMH, led by billionaire Mr Arnault, believes Tiffany will strengthen its position in high-end jewellery and in the US market.
LVMH is also making a bet on China's economy, where Tiffany has been expanding.
The buyout has been approved by the boards of both companies and is expected to be completed early next year.
US,
Digital,
LVMH,
Aldi 14% sales growth brings highest festive season returns
Forty jobs announced for Sligo at new cybersecurity headquarters
Lexus and Range Rover among cars seized from M50 toll dodgers in 2021
Four family members disqualified 'long running fraud' at medical company
Fitzpatrick's Killiney hotel to return to profit after revenues almost halved in 2020


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Q: How to configure python3-saml to use a filename other than settings.json? I'm using oneLogin for SAML authentication which depends on python3-saml module in my backend code. The module uses the file settings.json by default which contains the SAML bindings for URL etc. However, I have a test environment, the details of which are stored in another file settings-testing.json. Is there a way to configure python3-saml to use this file based on a flag or environment variable?
Thanks in Advance!!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Hallelujah Money (feat. Benjamin Clementine)
Gorillaz 2017
At Least For Now 2015
I Tell A Fly 2017
I Won't Complain
At Least for Now (Deluxe) 2013
Cornerstone - Single 2013
Phantom of Aleppoville
About Benjamin Clementine
Pianist, singer, and songwriter Benjamin Clementine did not grow up in a musical household. Strictly self-taught, he was inspired by a televised performance by Antony & the Johnsons and, around the same time, his first encounter with the music of Erik Satie. Prior to his 20th birthday, Clementine moved from his hometown of London, England to Paris, France, where he supported himself by busking. An agent discovered Clementine and put him in touch with his future manager. A performance at Cannes caught the attention of a businessman; together, they established the Behind label. Clementine made his recorded debut in 2013 with Cornerstone, a striking three-track EP of poetic, piano-and-voice ballads that prompted comparisons to Antony Hegarty and Nina Simone. An appearance on BBC Two's Later...with Jools Holland exposed him to a much larger audience.
A second EP, Glorious You -- on which he was accompanied by unobtrusive bass, drums, and strings -- was released in 2014. Signed to Barclay in France (and Virgin EMI in the U.K.), he released At Least for Now, his debut album, in 2015. He was subsequently awarded the Mercury Prize for his effort, which he dedicated to the victims of the Paris terror attacks that took place that year. In early 2017, Clementine was featured on "Hallelujah Money," the lead single from Damon Albarn and Jamie Hewlett's art-pop project Gorillaz's fourth album, Humanz. That summer, Clementine released the dramatic "Phantom of Allepoville," the first single from his follow-up LP. His ambitious self-produced sophomore album, I Tell a Fly, arrived in September of that year. ~ Andy Kellman
ANOHNI


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The History of Koch Industries, One of the Largest American Private Companies
Today David Koch, one of the 15 richest men in the world, died.
He and his brother founded a private company, Koch Industries, which is engaged in refining, chemical production, and other industries. Entrepreneurs are known for their active lobbying, violation of environmental laws and ambiguous political views.
The GRIN tech studied the history of one of the largest private companies in the United States, Koch Industries, and its shareholders – brothers Charles and David Koch (84% shares), who are known for their active lobbying, violation of environmental laws and ambiguous political views.
The U.S. giant Koch Industries, owned by the Kohov family, is one of the world's largest private companies and is also the second-largest in the U.S. in terms of revenue. Its head is Charles Koch, and his brother David is the executive vice president.
Koch Brothers Photo
The brothers are among the most influential lobbyists in the U.S., actively support the Republican Party and have long been opposed to Obama. In the past elections, Kochi unexpectedly did not support Donald Trump for many. They did not interfere with the latter but may well complicate the life of the newly elected U.S. president.
Fred Koch and the creation of a family business
Charles Koch is in charge of the company. The first successful deals
The struggle between brothers for power over Koch Industries. Violation of environmental laws
Koch Industries in the 2000s. Trade with Iran
Features of conglomerate management. Political views and initiatives of the Koch brothers
Koch Industries was founded by Frederick Koch. He was born in 1900 to a Dutch immigrant family. Koch received an excellent education and became a certified chemist and worked for several oil companies. In 1925 he joined Keith-Winkler Engineering. After one of its owners left the business, Fred took its place and the company was named Koch-Winkler Engineering. Soon Koch invented a new efficient way of refining oil into gasoline.
This would have ensured the company's growth and increase in the number of customers, but there were already quite large players in the refining industry, and they were not in a hurry to share market share. Companies chose a simple way to destroy a small competitor – patent lawsuits. A total of 44 lawsuits were filed against Koch-Winkler Engineering.
Winkler and Koch did not give up and started to fight back, and although they managed to win 43 lawsuits, the 44th turned out to be a failure. In 1932, Koch-Winkler Engineering stopped working in the U.S., but not in other countries. Later, Koch learned that he had lost the suit because of a bribed judge.
Not being able to operate in the U.S., Koch and Winkler switched to other markets back in 1929. Soon, their attention was drawn by the Soviet Union – Koch built 15 refineries in the USSR within three years and earned $5 million.
Work in the Union went well, but communism provoked antipathy in Koch, which will be passed on to his sons. It is said that he even established rules for his sons – not to trust the Communists, not to borrow and not to sell the family business. In 1960 Koch even published the book "The Businessman Looking at Communism", where he remembers the times in the USSR in a rather negative way.
In addition to the Soviet Union, Koch has successfully worked in many countries. One of the most famous oil refineries opened by Koch appeared in Nazi Germany at the personal request of Hitler. Some sources do not mention the participation of Winkler in the creation of refineries – researchers tend to believe that Fred Koch worked independently.
By the beginning of the 1940s, the entrepreneur had a relatively large fortune, but he was in no hurry to relax. Soon he and his new partners created the oil company Wood River Oil and Refining Company. In 1946, she acquired Rock Island Oil and changed the name to Rock Island Oil and Refining Company. Kocha worked steadily but did not become a national concern. Fred had four sons – Frederick, Charles, David and William (the last two were twins).
Koch Family in the 50s
The second son, Charles, showed the highest potential. Fred wanted to teach his children to work, so Charles had to work after school and also in the summer. Kohu benefited from such education and later became an active and hard-working man.
Charles studied at the University of Massachusetts, where he studied mechanical engineering and chemical engineering. During his studies, he became a member of the Beta Theta P brotherhood. After successfully completing his studies, Charles found a job with a consulting company.
However, his work in this field did not last long. In 1961, Fred Koch, who had previously suffered from heart problems, asked his son to return home and start a family business. Charles wasn't an inventor like his father, but when he found himself at the head of the company, he decided he wanted to build something huge. Before handing over the business to his son, Fred Koch stressed that he could manage as he wanted, but he had no right to sell the company.
At that time, Rock Island Oil was unstable, and the refining business had a profit of $1.8 million, but the engineering business only compensated its costs, remaining unprofitable. It did not set any global plans and had a number of management features that did not allow to achieve global growth. Having headed his father's business, Charles began by correcting the mistakes he had noticed.
One of Charles' first actions was the expansion of the company's pipelines not only in Rock Island but throughout the United States. The idea proved to be effective and profitable. At that time, however, Koch Sr. was still in business, and at first, Charles remained more of a student than an independent entrepreneur.
In 1967, Fred Koch died after a heart attack on a hunt. In his will, he indicated the heirs of all four sons, splitting the shares equally. This will eventually lead to a split between the brothers.
Charles took over as head of the company and soon showed his entrepreneurial skills. One of his first instructions was to rename his father's company Koch Industries. The next point was the purchase of the Pine Band refinery, one of the largest in the United States. At the time of purchase, Koch owned only 35% of the enterprise. In order to get the whole thing, it was necessary to carry out a series of manipulations.
Charles agreed with Jay Marshall, owner of 15% of the enterprise, to cooperate – and borrowed $25 million from him. Then Charles bought about 40% of the plant from Unocal for the money he received. Marshall's loan had to be repaid to Koch Industries. The deal was seen as risky, but it turned out to be extremely profitable.
Charles had to convince his brothers for a long time to get into Marshall's business. It was as if Fred Koch had taught his sons to keep the family company away from outsiders from childhood. Marshall turned out to be a good shareholder, and on several occasions even supported Charles.
In 1969 Koch Industries merged with Atlas Petroleum Limited Bahamas. The latter was then a major distributor of crude oil and other petroleum products with sales of $100 million. In 1970, David Koch joined the company and, like his brother, studied chemistry at Massachusetts University.
At the same time, Charles took on a new idea. The idea was to establish a tanker service. Despite his efforts, the idea did not end successfully because of the oil embargo imposed by OPEC. Koch had to sell out his tanker fleet, retaining only one vessel. David Koch recalled that Charles was under constant stress at the time and was forced to fly to London to try to restructure his debts.
However, thanks to the rise in oil prices Koch Industries has increased its revenue by 14 times in the 70s. In 1974, the company controlled more than 10,000 miles of pipeline, hundreds of tanks, subsea terminals, and barges. All this together allowed the company to ship more than 80,000 barrels of oil per day.
How Koch achieved this result is not known for certain, and given the fact that Koch Industries remains a private company, many aspects of its operations are kept secret.
In the 1970s, the federal government launched a lottery to split up exploration plots to ensure equality between small and large players in obtaining them. The winners had the chance to lease the plots for 10 years at a price of $1 per acre.
Koch didn't wait for victory and used a network of front men to increase his chances of winning.
If successful, they had to rent out the plots to Koch Industries. The entrepreneur's actions soon came to the attention of the public, and in 1980 the company was forced to plead guilty to five criminal charges, including conspiracy to commit fraud.
In 1979, Koch Asphalt emerged as a separate subsidiary, engaged in asphalt production and other development in this field. Later, several large factories in the U.S. and Canada were added to it. In 1987 it changed its name to Koch Materials and now owns more than a hundred plants in North America, being one of the largest subdivisions of the conglomerate.
In 1980, the struggle between the Koch brothers for power over the company itself began. Charles, taking over as head of Koch Industries, actually seized power, and his two brothers William and Frederick did not like it. David Koch was on Charles' side, as was Jay Marshall, the fifth shareholder.
The case was being resolved in court, and after three years of arguing, Charles and David bought back the brothers' share for $1.1 billion. The big deal was miserable a decade later, and William soon returned to the attack and sued the brothers for 18 years. Rumor has it that he even hired private investigators to investigate the company's activities. The relationship between Charles and William has become so strained that even now the first brother calls the other one "David's twin" in an interview, not by name.
In addition to internecine strife in the '80s, Charles Koch was engaged in the further development of his company. In 1981, Koch Industries acquired another major plant for $265 million, this time from the Sun Company. The acquisition enabled the company to expand its gas fractionation and asphalt production activities.
In 1986, The C company was added to the conglomerate. Reiss Coal Company. This company, with more than a century of history, is engaged in the sale of coal. At that time, it had already reached 100,000 tons per year.
The company will later become part of Koch Carbon, which trades and transports minerals, cement and pulp and paper products. Construction of the Texas pipeline from Corpus Christi to San Antonio, Austin and Dallas began in 1988. It will be completed in 1990.
Speaking of acquisitions in the '80s, it is worth mentioning the acquisition of John Zink Company, which manufactures equipment to combat pollution from the oil and petrochemical industries. The actions taken have not changed the situation, and Charles Koch has received more than one charge of environmental pollution.
In the '80s, Kochi started another case – David became a Libertarian candidate for Vice President of the United States. Their political platform included the abandonment of social security, corporate and personal taxation and other ideas in a similar vein.
Kochi invested a lot of money in the campaign, but little success was achieved. The two main reasons for the failure were the low level of support for Libertarians among the U.S. people, at just 1%, and the extremely untimely and even partly extremist program. The failed attempt led Kochi to realize that the Libertarian Party was insignificant and switched to the larger Republican Party.
Nevertheless, Charles Koch had a significant impact on the development of the libertarian movement and even co-founded the Cato Institute.
At the end of the 1980s, another government investigation into Kohov's activities was undertaken. This time Koch Industries was accused of stealing oil from indigenous tribes. The Indians did own fields in the United States, and Koch was their biggest buyer.
The case was investigated by FBI agents, and eventually, the Senate Committee found that Koch Industries had stolen $31 million worth of oil in three years. Koch's lawyer turned him from an oil-stealing businessman into a victim of McCarthy and political persecution.
In addition, the entrepreneur had already changed his political stance at the time and secured the support of Senator Bob Daul from Kansas. He lobbied for the interests of an entrepreneur in Washington, proposed not to take Koch to court immediately, and expressed concern about some of the evidence on which the conclusions were based.
As a result, the commission in charge of the case, despite all efforts, failed to bring the case to trial, and the case was dismissed in 1992. The senator from Arizona was disappointed with what was happening and noted that it was one of the best cases investigated by the Senate, and it could have ended tragically for Koch, but the entrepreneur avoided any responsibility.
Charles did not get out of this case with complete impunity. After the failure of the Senate investigation, his brother William filed a lawsuit on behalf of the state, and he was able to prove that the company had stolen oil from the federal government.
The jury concluded that Koch had made about 24,000 false allegations. William filed a lawsuit for $400 million, but the jury stopped at $210 million, and Charles, using all sorts of levers, paid only $25 million.
In the early 1990s, the conglomerate continued to grow steadily. This was especially evident in the oil transportation sector – the length of the company's pipelines reached 37,000 miles in 1994. In addition, several major acquisitions were made, including the asphalt producer Elf Asphalt and the purchase of an oil refinery from Kerr-McGee in 1995.
During the same period, the Ministry of Justice, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Coast Guard filed another lawsuit against Koch Industries. It has been accused of more than 300 individual cases of oil spills since 1990. The government has officially announced that about 55,000 barrels of oil have been spilled from Koch Industries' pipelines.
An internal company investigation revealed that the pipelines were in such poor condition that $98 million was needed to repair them. Despite attempts to prove that some of the spills did not occur at all and to reduce the fine, Koch Industries still had to pay a large fine of $30 million.
This was not the only such violation at the time. Among them, for example, there were about 600,000 gallons of spilled jet fuel near the Mississippi River during the 1990s. According to some sources, the company turned Mississippi into its own sewerage system by discharging ammonia into wastewater.
Everything was done with intent, as it was established that the discharges were increasing at the weekend. Finally, Koch Petroleum pleaded guilty and paid $6 million and an additional $2 million to finance the rehabilitation work.
The company's position regarding the condition of their pipelines and the ecological condition of the planet looked depressing. According to one of its former managers, no preventive or repair work was done on the pipelines as long as they remained intact. Of course, it ended in accidents.
The company management does not pay much attention to the fact that the law prescribes the prevention of possible pipeline accidents. Partly it is affected by the race for profit, in addition to the peculiarities of Koch Industries in terms of salaries and incentives for employees, the latter are forced to chase for increased efficiency, instead of stopping the transportation of oil and the prescribed prevention.
Koch's governance is closely linked to so-called market governance. Koch Industries' salary is, according to Charles, only an advance payment, and most employees, from workers at the conveyor to top management, are paid for increasing their own efficiency.
In the case of top management, it can be the development of a weak business direction. They will not receive a bonus for maintaining the level of profit. This approach leads to the fact that employees of all levels of preventive work on the pipeline are not profitable in terms of obtaining their own salaries. Thus, the innovative idea of conglomerate management and payment of decent compensation to deserving employees negatively affects the image of Koch Industries.
The end of the 1990s was quite successful for Koch Industries, it grew successfully, acquired companies in the areas of interest, and the Koch brothers, among other things, began to support George W. Bush's campaign.
Among the acquired companies was the Delphi Group, which extracted, transported, bought and sold natural gas. It costed $762 million.
It also acquired Glitsch, which produces equipment for the refining, chemical, gas and pharmaceutical industries. Also worth mentioning is the purchase of animal feed manufacturer Purina Mills in 1998. A year later, this subsidiary, despite Koch's attempts to save it, declared bankruptcy, after which it became part of Land O'Lakes. Also in the late '90s, Koch Ventures formed its investment arm, which later became part of Koch Genesis, established in 2000.
Koch Ventures actively invested – including internet companies during the dotcom boom. Among the known investments of Koch's company, we can mention VertiNet, which was engaged in vertical trading floors, as well as PF.Net, which is building fiber-optic networks. The latter was also invested by Lucent Technologies.
In 2000, the conglomerate established a new division, the Internet Business Strategies Group, which aimed to use Internet technologies to open new business opportunities.
Internet investments were not the main activity of the conglomerate. In the early 2000s, Charles Koch continued to have problems with environmental laws. At the end of 2000, he was presented with a 97-point indictment – Koch Industries again broke the law and, according to the authorities, concealed the true amount of benzene emissions.
Official documents indicated a 0.61 metric tonne, which was the norm, while the actual level reached 91 metric tonnes. The company was threatened with a $350 million fine. However, in 2001, George W. Bush became president of the United States and received support from the Koch brothers in the election campaign.
Sources claim that Kochi, with the support of U.S. General Attorney John Ashcroft, reduced the fine to a symbolic $20 million.
In addition to the cases described above, there have been a number of other accidents with dire consequences for both the environment and people. As a result, Charles Koch decided to change his attitude to the issue.
One of his first actions was to conclude a deal between Koch Petroleum and the Department of Justice for Environmental Protection – he spent $80 million to make three refineries operate under the Clean Air Act.
Another important step was to abandon the huge pipeline network under the company's control and reduce it to 4000 miles. This direction is now in perfect order, and Koch is not responsible for such a global infrastructure.
Koch Industries has also become more active in other industries, and during the 2000s several deals were made. In 2004, Invista, one of the world's largest producers of polymer fibers, nylon, polyester, resin, and other raw materials, was acquired. It owns a number of brands, including Lycra, Stainmaster and Thermolite.
The company operates not only in the U.S., but also in a number of other countries, including the Netherlands, the UK, Germany, and Brazil. The amount of the transaction was $4.2 billion.
Koch Industries HQ
In 2005, Koch increased its conglomerate through its acquisition in the pulp and paper industry. For $13.2 billion, the company Georgia-Pacific Corporation was acquired, which was one of the leading suppliers of fabric, paper, wood, building materials and even chemicals needed in these areas.
It also owned the disposable tableware manufacturer Dixie. In addition, Koch Industries also owed a Georgia-Pacific Corporation's $7.8 billion debt. Despite the fact that Georgia-Pacific Corporation employed about 50,000 people, its integration into the conglomerate structure was quite easy.
These acquisitions allowed Koch Industries to increase revenue to $80 billion in 2006 and become one of the two largest private companies in the United States. Purchasing and success in selected industries led some analysts to believe that it was logical for Koch Industries to enter the stock exchange soon. Charles Koch thinks otherwise, and until today he claims that Koch Industries will only become a public company over his dead body. The entrepreneur prefers to reinvest 90% of his profits in his company and does not want to depend on outside investors.
Only Koch's acquisitions during this period were not limited to acquisitions. As early as 2000, he was believed to have been involved in lobbying for a law on the modernization of commodity futures, which has gone down in history as the Enron loophole.
In fact, it allowed companies to make unlimited speculations on energy futures and greatly reduced government regulation in this industry. To introduce this law, an Energy Group coalition was formed, which included a number of energy companies – Koch Industries, Enron, Phibro, J.Aron&Co.
During the 2008 crisis, Charles Koch's new passion was the manipulation of oil prices. In fact, the entrepreneur took advantage of the contango situation in the futures market – the essence of which is that the futures market value is higher in the future than it is now.
Having assessed this opportunity, Koch purchased 20 million barrels of oil at a lower price and waited for an ideal opportunity to sell it by selling futures for future supply. Nine supertankers were purchased for the entire operation and filled with cheap crude oil. They were all waiting for their time in the Gulf of Mexico. On each barrel of oil, the company received about $10 from the top.
Other areas of the company's activities during this period also elicit a mixed public reaction. For example, in 2008, it was reported that employees of Koch-Glitsch, a French subsidiary of the conglomerate, had obtained contracts for the supply of oil in six countries by paying bribes.
In an attempt to resolve this issue more quickly, the conglomerate's management found the culprit in the person of the head of its subsidiary Leon Mausen, who was dismissed in December 2008. The French Labor Court, however, did not consider only Mausen's dismissal guilty and claimed that he had been given full responsibility.
The consent of other managers was required for such decisions to be taken. Interestingly, Ludmila Yegorova-Farinas, who was conducting an internal investigation, was dismissed in 2009, in her opinion, precisely because of the successful disclosure of this scheme.
Another unpleasant story about Koch Industries' activities came to light in 2011. This time, the Kochi brothers were accused of selling equipment to Iran. The relationship between Iran and the United States is hardly friendly. Moreover, U.S. companies were banned from trading with this country back in 1995. Koch Industries, however, found a loophole.
In particular, the subsidiaries of Koch Industries supplied the necessary equipment to the Iranian plant Zagros Petrochemical, which is one of the world's largest methanol producers. Despite the public's dissatisfaction, Koch's lawyer claims that the entrepreneur refused to trade with Iran in 2007 when several U.S. servicemen died in the country.
Koch Industries made another purchase in 2013, with Molex, a major electronic components manufacturer, purchasing Molex for $7.2 billion, with Apple and General Electric among its customers. A year later, the conglomerate made two more purchases.
The first was the ink manufacturer and one of the leading suppliers of printing and packaging equipment, Flint Group, which was acquired from CVC Capital Partners for $3 billion. The company is located in Luxembourg and has a sales volume of €2.2 billion.
The second acquisition in 2014 was Oplink Communication, which costed $445 million to the conglomerate. The company is one of the leading manufacturers and suppliers of fiber optic components, and its customers include some of the largest telecommunications companies.
The brothers Charles and David Kochi hold equal stakes in the conglomerate, with a total stake of 84%. Each of them is valued at $42.6 billion, with Charles, who is the company's CEO and chairman of the board, doing more business. His brother is a vice president but devotes more time to political and charitable initiatives.
Charles supports the views of the critically acclaimed philosopher Friedrich von Hayek and uses the market-driven business management. Charles has achieved extraordinary success by making it seem as if he is the owner of the business he is working in. This, in turn, means that he must be able to take risks, make decisions and be ready to take responsibility.
As mentioned earlier, wages at Koch Industries are relative and there are no bonuses for employees based on the overall success of the company. Charles Koch's will in the conglomerate puts the personal effectiveness of everyone and the growth of the areas for which they are responsible at the forefront. Stability is of little interest to Kochov – they require development. And only those who achieve this receive bonuses and bonuses.
Charles Koch maintains competition between departments and individual employees of the conglomerate. In addition, he gives even ordinary employees broad powers, and they can act without the advice of their superiors if they believe that their decision is effective.
Moreover, a talented worker who makes decisions that have an impact on growth can earn more than his or her boss. However, people who do not achieve the development of their direction and do not have high results, do not stay long in Koch Industries.
On the other hand, employees without higher education have full carte blanche who can move up the career ladder without obstacles and compete with their colleagues who graduated from university. Of course, in order to pursue a career in Koch Industries, it is not enough to be a qualified specialist, but to remain proactive, set high goals and realize them.
In order for the staff to appreciate the concept described above, Charles Koch even published his own book, The Science of Success. It explains the advantages of market management. It is now mandatory for all those who work in the conglomerate to read. Besides, as large companies are entitled to, special training is organized for the quickest adaptation of employees. The theory of market management of employees is introduced more deeply at a two-day seminar.
Charles Koch has a rather modest lifestyle and does not want to emphasize his status as one of the richest people on the planet, although his lifestyle cannot be called too ascetic. The entrepreneur is extremely demanding on his son Chase, who is now vice president of Koch Industries.
Chase wanted to play tennis professionally when he was a young man, but his father didn't think he was doing his best. So Charles forced his son to choose between really serious tennis and work. Chase decided to work for his father and was assigned to a company ranch where he had to look after the cattle.
Managing the conglomerate is only part of the Koch brothers' activities. A significant part of their efforts is directed at the political sphere of the United States. This is not just about lobbying for their interests, although Kochi is known for his actions in this area and the $10.6 million he spent per year.
The political views of the Koch brothers, despite their active support of the conservative Republicans, retain a libertarian outlook, with all the ensuing, such as support for the LGBT movement, as well as the abolition of government subsidies to large corporations and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from other countries.
The Koch brothers are believed to have been involved in the creation of the ultra-conservative "Tea Party". It combines conservatism and libertarianism, and therefore actively supports Republican candidates in the elections. Koch fund the Tea Party using various structures and organizations. The entire network of organizations through which the brothers' lobby for U.S. interests has been nicknamed "Kohtopus".
Kochi uses their organizations to influence public opinion. For example, it is known that they resist the theory of climate change and global warming. In particular, one of the scientists of the Cato Institute challenged the arguments regarding the overwhelming problems in the media.
Charles Koch Photo
The educated movement, carrying out various actions and protests, became one of the main problems of President Barack Obama inside the country. Charles Koch tried his best to prove to Obama that the government's active involvement in the economy could end sadly, and he sought greater freedom for entrepreneurs.
At the same time, the power of Kochs should not be overstated. For example, Obama won the 2012 presidential election despite the tens of millions of dollars his brothers invested in his opponent Mitt Romney's campaign. However, Kochi himself claims to have "drawn conclusions from the defeat.
Kochs are famous for not denying their own mistakes. For example, they actively supported George W. Bush, and now his presidency is quite cool. Charles even expressed disappointment at his actions and failures in his book.
One of the most shocking news of the last presidential campaign was Kochi's refusal to fund candidate Donald Trump. This is primarily due to the fact that the program of the new U.S. president diverges from the interests and ideas of his brothers.
Trump himself added fuel to the fire by refusing to meet Kohami and noting that it was better for them to talk to political puppets. Trump, an insignificant populist, published a message with this content on Twitter, after which he finally lost his brothers' support. However, Kohi expressed dissatisfaction with all Republican candidates at the beginning of the campaign.
Time will show how the misunderstanding between him and Kohami will end for Trump. The main sponsors of the Republicans spent the "freed up" funds to support the candidates for the Senate. Even before the presidential election, Charles and David Kochi noted that they would fight to the end and leave the next generations with a greater and more successful America than they do now.
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"Started from the Bottom" is a song by Drake, a Canadian hip hop recording artist. The song was released as the first single from his 3rd studio album Nothing Was the Same. Drake, Michael Coleman, and Noah "40" Shebib, wrote the song and it was produced by Coleman. "Started from the Bottom" hit number six on the Billboard Hot 100.
"Started from the Bottom" premiered on February 1, 2013 through Drake's "October's Very Own" blog. Then it was officially released on iTunes on February 6, 2013. At the 55th Grammy Awards, Drake mentioned a remix would be released.
"Started from the Bottom" represents Drake's early life and how he got started. He said, "I feel sometimes that people don't have enough information about my beginnings and therefore they make up a life story for me that isn't consistent with actual events. I did not buy my way into this spot and it was the furthest thing from easy to achieve." The song utilizes instrumentation from drums and a piano which varies from earlier works.
Director X directed the music video for "Started from the Bottom" and it was released on February 10, 2013. The video features Drake in all-white in the back of a white Bentley convertible in a blizzard. Drake's mother, Boi-1da and Noah "40" Shebib are seen in the video. The video has over 228 million hits on youtube as of Feb 2016.
The best part for a ringtone to "Started from the Bottom" by Drake is found on the song time frame from the youtube video 0.10" to 0.50".
Started from the Bottom by Drake.
Find Started from the Bottom – Drake ringtone samples, lyrics, facts, photos, video on Ringtones Rocks.


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FYI: World Baseball Classic 2017 Schedule
The United States and Team USA begin their World Baseball Classic schedule against Team Columbia on March 10th, three short days away, while the defending champions Team Dominican Republic start their schedule the next day. For the entire Team USA, Team Dominican Republic or any other team's schedule for this year's WBC see our handy schedule below. Bookmark it and check back often if necessary. Enjoy.
All times are Eastern Standard Time. The first and second rounds are a Round Robin style tournament.
Gocheok Sky Dome in Seoul, South Korea
Israel vs. South Korea, 5 a.m.
Taiwan vs. Israel, 10:30 p.m. Monday
South Korea vs. Netherlands, 5 a.m.
Taiwan vs. Netherlands, 5 a.m.
Israel vs. Netherlands, 10:30 p.m. Wednesday
Taiwan vs. South Korea, 5 a.m
Tiebreaker game, 4 a.m., if necessary
Cuba vs. Japan, 5 a.m.
China vs. Cuba, 10 p.m. Tuesday
Australia vs. Japan, 5 a.m.
Australia vs. China, 5 a.m.
Australia vs. Cuba, 10 p.m. Thursday
China vs. Japan, 5 a.m.
Marlins Park – Miami
Canada vs. Dominican Republic, 6 p.m.
Colombia vs. United States, 6 p.m.
Canada vs. Colombia, Noon
Dominican Republic vs. United States, 6:30 p.m.
Colombia vs. Dominican Republic, 12:30 p.m.
Canada vs. United States, 7 p.m.
Tiebreaker game, 6 p.m., if necessary
Estadio Charros de Jalisco - Guadalajara, Mexico
Italy vs. Mexico, 9 p.m.
Puerto Rico vs. Venezuela, 9 p.m.
Italy vs. Venezuela, 3 p.m.
Mexico vs.Puerto Rico, 9:30 p.m.
Italy vs. Puerto Rico, 3:30 p.m.
Mexico vs. Venezuela, 10 p.m.
Pool A winner vs. Pool B, 10 p.m. Saturday
Pool A runner-up vs. Pool B, 6 a.m.
Pool A winner vs. Pool A runner-up, 6 a.m.
Pool B vs. Pool B, 6 a.m.
Pool A runner-up vs. Pool B, 11 p.m. Tuesday
Pool A winner vs. Pool B, 6 a.m.
Petco Park - San Diego
Pool C winner vs. Pool D winner, 9 p.m.
Pool C runner-up vs. Pool D runner-up, 9 p.m.
Pool C winner vs. Pool D runner-up, 10 p.m.
Pool C runner-up vs. Pool D winner, 10 p.m.
Pool D winner vs. Pool D runner-up, 3:30 p.m.
Pool C winner vs. Pool C runner-up, 10 p.m.
CHAMPIONSHIP ROUND
Dodger Stadium - Los Angeles
Pool E runner-up vs. Pool F winner, 9 p.m.
Pool E winner vs. Pool F runner-up, 9 p.m.
Semifinal winners, 9 p.m.
Labels: Championship, Major League Baseball, New York Yankees, Playoffs, Postseason, Team Canada, Team Columbia, Team Cuba, Team Dominican Republic, Team Israel, Team Mexico, Team USA, World Baseball Classic
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