The systems and methods described herein provide for multiple transducer configurations for use in medical ultrasound imaging systems. A medical device has a rotatable imaging device located therein for imaging an internal body lumen or cavity. The imaging device can include multiple transducers each configured to image a separate tissue depth or range of tissue depths. The transducers can be configured to operate over separate frequency ranges, with separate physical focuses or any combination thereof. Also provided is an image processing system configured to combine the image data collected from each transducer into a tissue image.
The systems and methods relate generally to medical ultrasound imaging systems and, more particularly, to multiple transducer configurations for imaging wider depth ranges.
Conventional medical ultrasound imaging systems, such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), use an ultrasound imaging device to image the interior of a living being. The ultrasound imaging device is placed on or within a catheter, which can then be inserted into the body for imaging a desired region, such as a body lumen, body cavity and the like. The ultrasound imaging device, which typically includes a transducer, is also communicatively coupled with an imaging system for processing and displaying any image data collected by the transducer. Ultrasound imaging systems can image with a number of different techniques, such as through the use of a rotatable transducer, a transducer array and the like.
In imaging systems that use a rotatable transducer, the transducer is typically mounted on the distal end of a rotatable driveshaft. The catheter typically includes an elongate tubular outer sheath configured to slidably receive the driveshaft. The driveshaft, along with the transducer mounted thereon, can then be rotated within the outer sheath. During rotation, the transducer transmits ultrasound signals into the surrounding lumen tissue. The tissue reflects these signals as echoes, which can then be received by the transducer.
The transducer then outputs an imaging signal indicative of the echo signal characteristics to the imaging system, which processes and stores the signal as an echogenic record. The transducer performs this imaging cycle, i.e., the process of transmitting an ultrasound signal or pulse and receiving the echoes generated therefrom, in a continuous manner as the transducer rotates. Multiple echogenic records are then accumulated by the imaging system, with each record typically corresponding to a different angular position of the transducer. The echogenic records can then be displayed as an image of the body lumen, such as a cross sectional image obtained during one rotation of the transducer. The transducer can be moved longitudinally within the outer sheath via the drive shaft, so that numerous locations along the length of the body lumen can be imaged.
Conventional transducers and other ultrasound imaging devices operate over a finite frequency bandwidth. The frequency of the ultrasound signal is a significant factor in determining the tissue depth that the transmitted ultrasound signal can penetrate. In general, lower frequency signals penetrate the tissue to a greater depth than higher frequency signals. Thus, a transducer operating in a lower frequency range is capable of producing an image at greater depths than a transducer operating at a higher frequency range.
However, the level of image quality produced at different depths is a complex interplay of numerous factors, such as overall system bandwidth (for example, the bandwidth of the receiving circuitry), transducer focus, beam pattern in addition to transducer frequency. All of these factors affect the axial and lateral size of the transmitted, or interrogating, pulse and change the size of the pulse as it propagates through the tissue. The pulse size can be considered one of the major factors affecting image quality. When designing a rotatable imaging device, the designer must select a transducer that can operate over a frequency range wide enough to allow imaging of the desired tissue depths, while at the same time balancing this against the other main performance affecting factors to arrive at a transducer design that produces a quality image.
Accordingly, improved ultrasound imaging systems are needed that can overcome the shortcomings of conventional imaging techniques while at the same time provide greater performance.
The systems and methods described herein provide for multiple transducer configurations for ultrasound imaging systems having an imaging device configured to image the interior of a living being. In one example embodiment of these systems and methods, the imaging device includes a first transducer and a second transducer, where the first transducer is configured to image a first range of depths and the second transducer is configured to image a second range of depths. Each transducer can be configured to image a range of depths by adjusting the transducer's physical focus or by adjusting the transducer's operating frequency or any combination thereof.
The imaging system can also include an image processing system communicatively coupled with the transducer devices and configured to receive a first output signal from the first transducer and a second output signal from the second transducer. The image processing system can be configured to process the first and second output signals into image data and combine the image data such that the image data is displayable as a single image.
In another example embodiment of the systems and methods described herein, the first transducer is configured to operate over a first frequency range and output a first output signal to the image processing system over a signal line. The second transducer is configured to operate over a second frequency range and output a second output signal to the image processing system over the same signal line. The image processing system can be configured to separate the first and second output signals, for instance, by using a signal separation unit and the like.
In another example embodiment of the systems and methods described herein, the first transducer is positioned in the imaging device at a first location and the second transducer is positioned in the imaging device at a second location opposite the first location. The location of the first and second transducers within the imaging device is preferably symmetrical.
In yet another embodiment of the systems and methods described herein, an image processing system is configured to receive a first transducer output signal and process the first output signal into a first echogenic data set comprising a plurality of image data items collected over a first range of tissue depths. The image processing system is also configured to receive a second transducer output signal and process the second output signal into a second echogenic data set comprising a plurality of image data items collected over a second range of tissue depths. The image processing system is further configured to combine the first and second echogenic data sets such that the image data items in the first and second ranges of tissue depths are displayable as a single image.
The first echogenic data set and the second echogenic data set may each comprise at least one data item collected from the same tissue depth. The image processing system can be configured to blend each data item from the first echogenic data set with each data item from the second echogenic data set collected at the same tissue depth to produce a blended data item.
In still another embodiment, the image processing system can be configured to receive a first transducer output signal over a first time period and a second transducer output signal over a second time period. The image processing system can also be configured to ignore the second output signal during the first time period.
Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the invention will be or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims. It is also intended that the invention is not limited to the details of the example embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view depicting an example embodiment of an ultrasound imaging system.
FIG. 2 is a graph depicting example operating frequency ranges for two transducers within an example embodiment of the ultrasound imaging system.
FIGS. 3A-B are schematic views depicting example embodiments of an ultrasound imaging device.
FIGS. 4A-B are timing diagrams depicting the operation of one example embodiment of the ultrasound imaging system having two transducers.
FIG. 5A is an example intravascular ultrasound image.
FIG. 5B is an illustration depicting an example embodiment of data collected in a portion of the example image depicted in FIG. 5A.
FIG. 6A is a perspective view depicting another example embodiment of an ultrasound imaging system.
FIG. 6B is a block diagram depicting another example embodiment of an ultrasound imaging system.
The systems and methods described herein provide for multiple transducer configurations in ultrasound imaging systems. These systems and methods allow an ultrasound imaging system to image a greater range of tissue depths while maintaining a relatively high degree of image quality. FIG. 1 depicts a schematic diagram of one example embodiment of an ultrasound imaging system 100 for use with the systems and methods described herein. Preferably, imaging system 100 is an IVUS imaging system, although the systems and methods are not limited to such and any other type of imaging system, such as ICE, can be used. Here, catheter 102 is shown having elongate tubular outer sheath 104 and inner lumen 105. An imaging device 106 is preferably mounted on distal end 107 of rotatable driveshaft 108, which is configured to move, or slide, within inner lumen 105. System 100 is preferably configured to image a tissue cross-section by rotating imaging device 106, although system 100 is not limited to rotational techniques. Imaging device 106 preferably includes housing 110 and two transducers 112 and 114.
Transducers 112 and 114 are preferably configured to image different tissue depths, or ranges of tissue depths. Transducers 112 and 114 are preferably communicatively coupled with image processing system 120 via communication paths 113 and 115, respectively. During an imaging procedure, each transducer 112 and 114 can be operated to obtain separate image data sets containing image data from different tissue depths. Imaging system 120 can be configured to compile and process these image data sets such that they are displayable as a single high quality image covering a wider tissue depth range than conventional systems.
Using various methods, transducer 112 and 114 can be configured to image different tissue depths, which can be either overlapping or non-overlapping. For instance, transducers 112 and 114 can be configured to operate over different frequency ranges, or with different physical focuses, or with any combination of the two. In one embodiment, transducers 112 and 114 are configured to operate over different bandwidths, or frequency ranges. Here, for example, each transducer 112 and 114 is preferably configured to operate at a separate center frequency with partially overlapping bandwidths as depicted in FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 depicts example frequency response 202 for transducer 112 having bandwidth 210 and center frequency 203 along with example frequency response 204 for transducer 114 having bandwidth 212 and center frequency 205. The amount of bandwidth overlap can be varied according to the needs of the application. By adjusting the other design aspects, such as focus, beam pattern and the like, each transducer 112 and 114 can be optimized to image the respective range of tissue depths. Center frequencies 203 and 205 and bandwidths 210 and 212 can be chosen based on the needs of the application. For example, in one embodiment, center frequencies 203 and 205 are 40 Megahertz (Mhz) and 80 Mhz respectively, while bandwidths 210 and 212 are 18 Mhz-62 Mhz and 58 Mhz-102 Mhz, respectively. It should be noted that these values are used only as an example and in no way limit the systems and methods described herein.
Alternatively, imaging system 100 can be configured such that transducers 112 and 114 each have a different physical focus to image a different range of tissue depths. Physical focus can be adjusted by changing the shape of the transducer, adding a lens to the transducer and the like. Preferably, the depth ranges for each transducer 112 and 114 at least partially overlap, although this is not required. The tissue depth focus chosen for each transducer 112 and 114 will depend on the needs of the application. For instance, in intracardiac applications, the distance from the imaging device 106 to the body lumen or heart chamber is typically on the order of one to two centimeters, while in coronary applications, the distance from the imaging device to the body lumen is typically 4 millimeters or less.
FIG. 3A depicts a schematic top down view of an example embodiment of imaging. device 106 with transducers 112 and 114 housed therein. In this embodiment, transducers 112 and 114 are positioned radially around a center axis of catheter 102 . Transducers 112 and 114 have an angular separation of 180 degrees such that transducers 112 and 114 are aligned in opposite directions. Arrows 302 and 304 indicate the primary directions in which transducers 112 and 114, respectively, transmit and receive ultrasound energy. One of skill in the art will readily recognize that each transducer 112 and 114 also transmits and receives ultrasound energy in directions adjacent to or close to these primary directions 302 and 304, although energy transmitted and received in these other directions can be greatly reduced.
During operation of system 100, each transducer 112 and 114 transmits and receives ultrasound energy in these primary directions 302 and 304, respectively. When operating within a body lumen, each transducer 112 and 114 effectively images regions of the lumen located opposite to each other. Because each transducer 112 and 114 is preferably configured to image a different range of depths, as imaging device 106 performs a rotation, image data from each transducer 112 and 114 is obtained and can be combined by IVUS imaging system 100 to produce a single cross-sectional image of the body lumen showing a wider range of depths.
Although the above described embodiments of imaging system 100 have two transducers 112 and 114, any number of transducers can be used. For instance, FIG. 3B depicts an example embodiment of imaging device 106 having three transducers 112, 114 and 116, where each transducer 112-116 is configured to operate over a different range of frequencies. For embodiments where imaging device 106 is rotated during the imaging procedure, the transducers 112-116 are preferably placed in a symmetrical arrangement within housing 107. Here, each transducer 112-116 is placed 120 degrees apart to form the symmetrical arrangement, whereas in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3A, transducers 112 and 114 are placed 180 degrees apart to form the symmetrical arrangement. The symmetrical arrangement is advantageous for purposes of minimizing non-uniform rotational distortion (NURD), which may be more likely to occur in asymmetric arrangements. One of skill in the art will readily recognize that the arrangement does not require absolute symmetry and substantially symmetric arrangements can be used. Here, substantial symmetry refers to any arrangement that reduces the risk of NURD to a level acceptable for the needs of the application.
The embodiment in FIG. 3A is preferred because the opposite alignment of transducers 112 and 114 minimizes the potential for cross-talk during the operation of each transducer 112 and 114. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3B, the potential for cross-talk between transducers 112-116 is increased, since the primary operating directions 302-306 are not directly opposite as in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3A. Furthermore, the potential for cross-talk would be even greater in an embodiment having four transducers placed with 90 degrees of separation between them. Thus, the amount of allowable cross-talk in the application should be taken into account when designing imaging device 106. One of skill in the art will readily recognize that the effects of cross-talk can be minimized through the use of filtering circuitry and the like within image processing system 120.
It should be understood that the needs of each application will vary, and that the systems and methods described herein are not limited to any one configuration of transducers. For instance, a dual transducer "bullseye" configuration having an inner transducer surrounded by an outer, annular transducer is just one example of another configuration that can be implemented in system 100.
Furthermore, the IVUS imaging system 100 can be configured such that each transducer is operative, i.e., transmitting or receiving, in separate time segments. FIGS. 4A-B depict timing diagrams for an example embodiment of IVUS imaging system 100 having two transducers 112 and 114, which preferably rotate continuously during the imaging procedure. FIG. 4A depicts a timing diagram for transducer 112, while FIG. 4B depicts a timing diagram for transducer 114. In FIG. 4A, at time T0, transducer 112 transmits an ultrasound pulse 401. From time T1 to T2, transducer 112 receives ultrasound echoes generated from the transmission of pulse 401. During time period 403 from time T0 to T2, transducer 114 is non-operative. i.e., neither transmitting or receiving for the purpose of collecting data, and image processing system 120 is configured to ignore any echoes received from transducer 114 during this time 403. At time T2, transducer 114 becomes operative and transmits ultrasound pulse 405 and listens for resulting echoes from time T3 to T4. During time period 402 from T2 to T4, transducer 112 is non-operative and image processing system 120 is configured to ignore any echoes received during this time 402.
Image processing system 120 can be configured to ignore signals received by the non-operative transducer 112 or 114 in any manner, including the use of hardware or software implementations. At time T4, imaging device 106 has rotated to a new angular position so that the imaging process can be repeated. One of skill in the art will readily recognize that other embodiments can be configured with more than two transducers 112 and 114 by adding an additional time period for each additional transducer where that transducer is operative and the image processing system 120 ignores echoes received by the other transducers.
FIG. 5A depicts an example ultrasound image 501 of a body lumen. FIG. 5B depicts a block diagram of section 502 of image 501 showing example data collecting by imaging system 100 for the body lumen. Here, multiple individual echogenic records 503 are depicted, each located at a separate angular position 504. Each echogenic data record 503 includes data representative of the echoes received by one transducer in response to an ultrasound pulse transmitted at that angular position 504. In an embodiment having two transducers 112 and 114, imaging system 100 preferably stores one echogenic data record 503 for each angular position 504 of each transducer 112 and 114 and each transducer 112 and 114 preferably images the same or similar angular positions 504. In one example embodiment, IVUS imaging system 100 collects 360 echogenic data records 503 during one rotation, with one echogenic data record 503 for every degree of rotation.
Within each echogenic data record 503 are individual data items 506. Each data item 506 has data representative of the strength of an echo received from a certain depth. This data can be used, for instance, to determine a brightness value for the image. Various tissue features reflect the incident ultrasound pulse differently and will translate into echoes of various strengths. In one embodiment, the depth of the tissue feature is determined, for instance, by the time delay between the transmission of the ultrasound pulse and receipt of the echo. The tissue depth and angular position 504 correlate to a position on image 501. The strength of the received echo can be translated into a brightness value for that position on image 501. In this manner, image 501 of the body tissue can be constructed.
In one embodiment, echogenic data sets 503 for each transducer 112 and 114 are compiled into an image data set. Echogenic data records 503 from corresponding angular positions in each image data set are then combined, or blended, to form a combined image data set. Data items 506 occurring at similar depths and angular positions 504 are combined, or blended, in a manner sufficient to produce a resulting blended data item. A simple additive combination of data items 506 would not accurately reflect the corresponding tissue feature because, for instance, the resulting data item 506 would be an additive combination of two signals received from the same tissue feature.
The blended data item preferably accurately represents the tissue feature in relation to the other tissue features in image 501. Any method process, or technique of combining or blending ultrasound data can be used. For instance, in one embodiment, data items 506 occurring at the same depth and angular position 504 are averaged. Another method of data blending is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,374 issued to Hossack et al. on Oct. 17, 2000, which is fully incorporated by reference herein. By combining the ultrasound data, an ultrasound image 501 showing tissue features occurring over a wide range of depths can be generated. Imaging system 100 can combine the image data as each data item 506 is collected, as each echogenic data record 503 is collected or after any number of echogenic data records 503 are collected as needed by the application.
FIG. 6A depicts a schematic diagram of another example embodiment of IVUS imaging system 100 where transducers 112 and 114 are configured to operate over different frequency ranges. Here, transducers 112 and 114 share a common communicative path 602 with image processing system 120. Each transducer 112 and 114 outputs an imaging signal at frequencies within that transducer's frequency range of operation. Preferably, the frequency ranges for each transducer 112 and 114 are sufficiently separate to allow image processing system 120 to receive each output signal independently. In this embodiment, image processing system 120 includes a signal separation unit 602 for separating the output signals received from each transducer 112 and 114.
FIG. 6B is a block diagram depicting one example embodiment of signal separation unit 602 using bandpass filter circuitry. In this embodiment, output signals 601 and 603 from transducers 112 and 114, respectively, travel along communicative path 604 to bandpass filters 605 and 606. Bandpass filter 605 is configured to filter all signals having frequencies except those within the frequency range of transducer 112, while bandpass filter 606 is configured to filter all signals having frequencies except those within the frequency range of transducer 114. Signals 607 and 608 output from each filter 605 and 606, respectively, can then be interpreted by image processing system 120 as being representative of output signals 601 and 603.
By using signal separation unit 602, transducers 112 and 114 can share a common communicative path, which can allow the size of drive shaft 108 and outer sheath 104 to be reduced. As a result, catheter 102 can be advanced into smaller body lumens. One of skill in the art will readily recognize that signal separation can be implemented in numerous ways and with numerous circuitry types other than bandpass filters. For instance, a highpass and lowpass filter combination can be used, as well as certain algorithmic and software techniques and the like.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. For example, each feature of one embodiment can be mixed and matched with other features shown in other embodiments. Features and processes known to those of ordinary skill may similarly be incorporated as desired. Additionally and obviously, features may be added or subtracted as desired. Accordingly, the invention is not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents.
a second transducer, wherein the first transducer is configured to image a first range of depths and the second transducer is configured to image a second range of depths.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first transducer is focused to image the first range of depths and the second transducer is focused to image the second range of depths.
an elongate tubular member having an inner lumen configured to slidably receive the rotatable driveshaft.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein a signal line is coupled with the first transducer and the second transducer, and the first transducer is configured to output a first output signal over the signal line and the second transducer is configured to output a second output signal over the signal line.
5. The system of claim 4, further comprising an image processing system communicatively coupled with the first and second transducers, wherein the image processing system is configured to alternately receive the first and second output signals, process the first and second output signals into image data and combine the image data from the first and second output signals for display as a single image.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first transducer is configured to operate over a first frequency range and the second transducer is configured to operate over a second frequency range.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the first and second frequency ranges do not overlap.
an elongate tubular member having an inner lumen configured to slidably receive the rotatable driveshaft, wherein a signal line is coupled with the first transducer and the second transducer, and wherein the first transducer is configured to output a first output signal over the signal line and the second transducer is configured to output a second output signal over the signal line.
9. The system of claim 8, further comprising an image processing system communicatively coupled with the first and second transducers over the signal line, wherein the image processing system is configured to process the first and second output signals.
10. The system of claim 6, wherein the image processing system comprises a signal separation unit configured to separate the first and second output signals.
11. The system of claim 6, wherein the first and second frequency ranges partially overlap.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first transducer is configured to output a first output signal over a first signal line coupled thereto, and wherein the second transducer is configured to output a second output signal over a second signal line coupled thereto.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein a signal line is coupled with the first transducer and the second transducer, and wherein the first transducer is configured to output a first output signal over the signal line and the second transducer is configured to output a second output signal over the signal line.
15. The system of claim 14, further comprising an image processing system communicatively coupled with the first and second transducers over the signal line, wherein the image processing system is configured to process the first and second output signals.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the image processing system comprises a signal separation unit configured to separate the first and second output signals.
17. The system of claim 12, further comprising an image processing system communicatively coupled with the first and second transducers, wherein the first transducer is configured to output a first output signal to the image processing system and the second transducer is configured to output a second output signal to the image processing system and wherein the image processing system is configured to process the first and second output signals into image data and combine the image data from the first and second output signals for display as a single image.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the first transducer is positioned in the imaging device at a first location and the second transducer is positioned in the imaging device at a second location opposite the first location.
19. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second transducers are configured to image in opposite directions.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the first and second transducer are positioned substantially symmetrically.
21. The system of claim 1, further comprising a third transducer, wherein the first transducer, second transducer and third transducer are substantially symmetrically positioned in the imaging device.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the first transducer is configured to operate over a first frequency range, the second transducer is configured to operate over a second frequency range and the third transducer is configured to operate over a third frequency range.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein each transducer is communicatively coupled with an image processing system over a common signal line.
an image processing system configured to receive a first transducer output signal and process the first output signal into a first echogenic data set comprising a plurality of image data items collected over a first range of tissue depths, and configured to receive a second transducer output signal and process the second output signal into a second echogenic data set comprising a plurality of image data items collected over a second range of tissue depths, wherein the image processing system is further configured to combine the first and second echogenic data sets for display as a single image.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the first echogenic data set and the second echogenic data set each comprise at least one data item collected from the same tissue depth.
26. The system of claim 25, wherein the image processing system is configured to blend each data item from the first echogenic data set with the data item from the second echogenic data set collected at the same tissue depth to produce a blended data item.
27. The system of claim 26, wherein the first output signal is received over a first frequency range and the second output signal is received over a second frequency range.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein the first frequency range and the second frequency range do not overlap.
29. The system of claim 27, wherein the first frequency range and the second frequency range at least partially overlap.
30. The system of claim 27, wherein the image processing system is configured to separate the first output signal from the second output signal.
31. The system of claim 27, further comprising a signal separation unit configured to separate the first output signal from the second output signal.
32. The system of claim 26, wherein the image processing system is configured to receive the first output signal over a first time period and the second output signal over a second time period.
33. The system of claim 32, wherein the image processing system is configured to ignore the second output signal during the first time period.
receiving a second output signal from a second ultrasound transducer located within the living being, the second output signal being representative of a second echo received by the second transducer from a second range of depths in the living being, wherein the first and second range of depths are at least partially different.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the first and second output signals are at substantially the same frequency.
processing the first and second echogenic records into an image of the living being, the image covering the first and second ranges of depths, wherein the first and second output signals are received alternately over a common signal line.
processing the first and second echogenic records into an image of the living being, the image covering the first and second ranges of depths, wherein the first and second output signals are received over a first and a second signal line, respectively.
38. The method of claim 34, wherein the first output signal is at a first frequency range and the second output signal is at a second frequency range at least partially overlapping the first frequency range.
processing the first and second echogenic records into an image of the living being, the image covering the first and second ranges of depths, wherein the first and second output signals are received over a common signal line.
41. The method of claim 34, wherein the first output signal is at a first frequency range and the second output signal is at a second frequency range different from the first frequency range.


text:
In Memoriam: Marc Riboud, 1923 – 2016
The life and work of early Magnum member Marc Riboud
Marc Riboud
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Bruno Barbey French photographer Marc Riboud at work. © Bruno Barbey | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Zazou, the painter of the Eiffel Tower. Paris, France. 1953. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud An American young girl, Jan Rose Kasmir, confronts the American National Guard outside the Pentagon during the 1967 anti-Vietnam march. This march helped to turn public opinion against the US war i (...)
n Vietnam. Washington DC, USA. 1967. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Ghana, 1960. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud A tribal munitions factory near Kohat Pass on Afghanistan's lawless border with Pakistan. 1956. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud After bathing in the Ganges, Benares, Uttar Pradesh, India. 1956. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud A street in Beijing as seen from inside an antique dealer's shop.
China, 1965. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Tea cup seller, Beijing. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Steel factory in Liaoning Province, Anshan, China: an engineer in his office. 1957. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Building a bridge over the Chang jiang river with Soviet co-operation in Hubei, Hankou, China. 1957. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Atmospheric pollution in China, a consequence of the fast pace of industrialization and urban growth which began in the 50s. China, 1957. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Shenzhen. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Chinese actress Gong Li during the filming of "To Live" by Zhang Yimou with Ge You. China, November 1993. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Shanghai, China. 1995. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Statue of Mao Tse-Tung. Industrial centre, Wuhan, on the Yangtze, Hubei province, China. 1971. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Moscow, USSR, winter 1960. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud The conflict with France and Algeria has lasted for 8 years, splitting the French Colonial powers who wanted to retain an "Algerie Francaise" and the local population led by the FLN (National Libe (...)
ration Front) who demanded independence. Veiled women going to the voting stations for the Independence referendum. Algiers, Algeria. July 1962. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Women supporters of the Ayatollah Khomeini. Teheran. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
Marc Riboud Moslem praying towards Mecca at Rub al Khali in the deserts of Saudi Arabia. 1974. © Marc Riboud | Magnum Photos
It is with great sadness that we announce that one of Magnum's earliest members, Marc Riboud, passed away yesterday, Tuesday, August 30, 2016, after a long illness.
Born in 1923 in Saint-Genis-Laval near Lyon, France, the budding photographer took his first images in 1937, at the Exposition Universelle in Paris, using a small Vest Pocket Kodak given to him by his father for his 14th birthday.
During World War II, Riboud joined the Resistance, and after the war, studied engineering before deciding to become a photographer.
His well-known photograph of a painter on the Eiffel Tower appeared in Life Magazine in 1953, his first publication, which prompted an invitation from Henri Cartier-Bresson and Robert Capa to join Magnum Photos.
Riboud's prolific output includes over 30 books, with his seminal work covering the Cultural Revolution in China, Tibet, Japan, but also some of the great classic street scenes and life in Paris, as well as his iconic photographs of anti-Vietnam War protests in Washington, D.C.
In 1955, he traveled by road through the Middle East and Afghanistan to India, where he stayed for a year before deciding to continue his travels eastwards, pushing from Calcutta to China, which he revisited numerous times. Finally, arriving in Japan, he initiated work on his first book, Women of Japan.
In the 1960s, he covered the USSR, the wars for independence in Algeria and Sub-Saharan Africa and both South and North Vietnam, one of the rare photographers allowed entry. By the 80s and 90s, making return trips to the East and particularly to China, he had compiled a 30-year survey of the region.
Fellow Magnum member Patrick Zachmann, whose documentarian work on China was recently published in So Long, China, remembers:
"One image springs to mind: that of my first meeting with Marc in a CAAC airplane (the Chinese air company), which brought us both to Bejing. I was 27 years old, a young independent photographer, and this was my first trip to China. I took a couple of pictures in the plane and a Westerner, sitting in economy class, intrigued, asked me who I was and what I was doing. This was Marc Riboud. I was impressed. We sympathized and he gave me some useful advice for a young 'long-nose' arriving in China.'Do not get impatient with your Chinese interlocutors, stay calm and never let them lose face.'That was how I met Marc. I often saw him again later, in Paris as well as in China."
Abbas remembers a moment shared at the end of the conflict in Vietnam:
"In 1975, the Vietnam war had just finished. We had dinner, with Marc Riboud, in a small restaurant in Hanoi, which still served rabbit and other French food. Arrives a bo doi in full uniform and colonial style helmet, who sits down, without having been invited to, at a table dressed with a white tablecloth. He asks for a spoon, opens a banana leaf, and quietly starts eating the boiled rice, that had been wrapped into the leaf, without paying any attention to the other guests, who eat, but not just boiled rice. At first Riboud and me, we thought that this was done by provocation, but no, the bo doi just needed a table and a spoon to be able to eat his portion of rice. This was the most curious scene I witnessed during my stay in the North."
Marc Riboud's work is exhibited world-wide, and he has received numerous awards including two prizes from the Overseas Press Club, the ICP Infinity Award and the Nadar Prize for his book Into the Orient published by Xavier Barral. He donated 192 original prints made between 1953 and 1977 to the National Museum of Modern Art (Centre Georges Pompidou), in Paris.
"Marc's association with Magnum has been a long and fruitful one. He was a terrific photographer and of particular note was his pioneering work in China, which he first visited in the late 1950's, and continued to photograph over the next three decades. Our thoughts and best wishes go out to his family, " said Magnum Photos President, Martin Parr.
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In memoriam , Marc Riboud , Obituary
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Behind the Image: Protesting the Vietnam War with a Flower

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hasselblad 105mm f4.3 UV-Sonnar Do you still have this lens?
I own both the Zeiss UV Sonnar and Nikon UV Nikkor lenses and am interested in selling or trading. If trading, I am particularly interested in Hasselblad medium format digital but would consider new pro quality Nikon equipment too.
i also would like to sell a Zeiss 105 UV-Sonnar C in very good condition.
i can't test it, but it looks almost unused.
Hasselblad - 500EL body with magazin 70 for sale: pleaseAU$460.00 0r make an offer- if interested please ring anytime on +610296861049.
anyone seling a Hasselblad 105mm f/4.3 UV-Sonnar(CF) lens (+ UG11 UV-PASS filter ?) please let me know how I can find one. There have been a lot of them moving on Club Hasselblad, so I believe this is a is a good place to look.
I am also looking to the well-informed Club Hasselblad community to advise on any other medium format Ultra-Violet lens of similar or higher quality [lower distortion and greater MTF; possibly in other focal lengths], but there are few other lenses to choose from.


text:
COVID-19 UPDATES Get the latest information on the City of Chanhassen's response to COVID-19 Read On...
Pending Ordinances
Required Zoning Permits
Require Zoning Permits for all Structures that Do Not Require Building Permits
There are structures that residents are interested in constructing that do not require building permits and are not included in the list of structures requiring zoning permits. These structures have the potential to violate the city's zoning code and these structures should be evaluated for compliance with the zoning code before they are constructed.
There are structures that are exempted from the state's building permit requirements that have the potential to violate the city's zoning code. Since the city's zoning code regulates things like setbacks, height, and impervious surfaces, violations of the zoning code can disturb adjacent property owners, interfere with drainage and utility easements, and lead to drainage and stormwater issues. Historically, it has been much easier for the city to prevent these issues by identifying potentially problematic structures before they are constructed through the review of zoning permits than to try to address these issues after a structure has been installed.
Currently, the section of the City Code lists structures that require zoning permits; however, the list is not exhaustive and there are structures for which no permit is required. Staff proposes amending this section of the Code to clarify that all structures require a zoning permit.
The following section of the Chanhassen City Code is subject to changes:
Chapter 20 - Zoning
Click on the meeting date link in the schedule below to view the agenda and packet items for that meeting.
September 15, 2020 Planning Commission Approved
October 12, 2020 City Council Tabled
MacKenzie Young-Walters
Associate Planner
Pending Code Amendments
Administrative Approval of Septic Variances
Administrative Duties of City Officers
Earthwork Permit Fee
Outdoor Storage of Boats, Trailers & RV's
Proposed Amendments to the City Code and Local Surface Water Management Plan Updates
Roadway ROW Definition
City of Chanhassen
7700 Market Boulevard
Chanhassen, MN 55317
Mon-Fri 8:00 am-4:30 pm
License Center: 952-361-3900
Police: 952-361-1231 or 9-1-1
Public Works: 952-227-1300
Recreation Center: 952-227-1400
Taxpayer Services: 952-361-1910
Utility Billing: 952-227-1144
Chanhassen Cinema
Chanhassen Dinner Theatres
Lake Minnewashta Regional Park
Minnesota Landscape Arboretum
Paisley Park Museum


Fraxy's community may be dead and all, but that doesn't mean we can't have a little fun, can we?
The rules for this contest? Take either an old or recurring boss of yours and make a new version/variant of it.
Examples of the former include my very own Sagius the Divine Hunter and Alex's TAC, while and examples of the latter would include Pure's Arcana and Extania as well as his Microcore.
Putting a little entry in for this. Worked on it yesterday.
This is boss is an updated version of my entry for the failed Quickboss VII. Unfortunately, it's rather lacking in design due to being a boss from before I got better at boss designing and is stationary in terms of movement, but I did my best to try an improve it gameplay (or at least attack) wise.
The first form is split up into three phases, progressing when each of the cores guarding the center of the boss are destroyed. It's sort of a "shoot-the-core" mechanic except with the barriers being replaced by lesser cores and the main core being destroyed when all the lesser ones have.
In the second form, the boss becomes a pseudo-Hibachi, with emphasis on the pseudo part. It looks like a Hibachi clone, and its first attack starts out like one of Hibachi's attacks, but it's ultimately nowhere near as hard as an actual Hibachi clone. It does sort of have an element of challenge to it though, more specifically in the second attack.
Here's hoping to see entries from others. Especially ones that are a lot better than mine.
its sad that youre talking to yourself.
-[Glitchdata]- wrote: its sad that youre talking to yourself.


Our operating results are reported in United States dollars. Currently, a majority of our revenues and expenses are generated in U.S. Dollars. Historically, we have also had significant revenue and expenses generated in other currencies, including the British Pound and the Canadian dollar. This mix of currencies may fluctuate in the future, including, as a result of the closing of our sale of the U.K. Portfolio on May 11, 2017. In addition, our investments (including intercompany loans) on renewable energy facilities in foreign countries are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. As a result, we expect our revenues and expenses will be exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations in local currencies where our renewable energy facilities are located. To the extent we do not hedge these exposures, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates could negatively impact our profitability and financial position.
We measure the electricity-generating production capacity of our renewable energy facilities in nameplate capacity. Rated capacity is the expected maximum output a power generation system can produce without exceeding its design limits. Nameplate capacity is the rated capacity of all of the renewable energy facilities we own adjusted to reflect our economic ownership of joint ventures and similar power generation facilities. We measure nameplate capacity for solar generation facilities in MW (DC) and for wind power plants in MW (AC). The size of our renewable energy facilities varies significantly among the assets comprising our portfolio. We believe the combined nameplate capacity of our portfolio is indicative of our overall production capacity and period to period comparisons of our nameplate capacity are indicative of the growth rate of our business. Our renewable energy facilities had an aggregate nameplate capacity of 2,983.1 MW as of December 31, 2016.
Gigawatt hours sold refers to the actual volume of electricity sold by our renewable energy facilities during a particular period. We track gigawatt hours sold as an indicator of our ability to realize cash flows from the generation of electricity at our renewable energy facilities. Our GWh sold for solar generation facilities for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were 2,224.7 GWh, 1,972.8 GWh, and 722.4 GWh, respectively. Our GWh sold for wind power plants for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were 5,499.0 GWh and 1,488.8 GWh, respectively.


Chris Campbell (aka DJ Cambeaux) is a DJ/music journalist and nationally-renowned tastemaker who has written for publications such as Upscale, Smooth Jazz News, Soul Interviews and Examiner.
His books The Essential Neo Soul and Neo Soul 2.0 spotlight the progressive soul music movement and are the only publications to cover its history.
As host of the Progressive Underground, he takes listeners on a multi-genre musical odyssey by way of creative hand-picked playlists, exclusive artist interviews and atmospheric style mixes.
We explore the outer reaches of electronica through techno, deep house, future soul, nu-jazz, b-sides and rare grooves…….
We explore the outer reaches of electronica through the genres of deep house, techno, future soul, nu-jazz, b-sides and rare grooves.
We explore the outer reaches of electronica through techno, deep house, future soul, b-sides and rare grooves.
We explore the outer reaches of electronica through the prism of techno, deep house, future soul, nu-jazz, b-sides and rare groove.


The Northern Kentucky University men's soccer team fell to UIC on Friday by a final score of 3-0. The Flames move to 11-5-1 on the year and 5-2-1 in the Horizon League. With the loss, NKU ends the season at 10-7 and 3-5 in league play.
Jim Barkei played the full 90 minutes and made six saves. The NKU defense also recorded a team save in the contest.
Calvin Murphy recorded a shot on goal in the fifth minute, but it was saved by UIC's goalkeeper.
UIC responded with a shot on goal in the ninth minute, but Barkei stopped the shot.
In the 13th minute, Barkei made another save on a shot by UIC's Max Todd.
Todd also had a shot on goal in the 14th minute, but the Norse defense made a team save on the play to prevent him from scoring.
Rikard Lindqvist took a shot on goal in the 21st minute. However, UIC's goalkeeper saved the attempt.
Alex Willis put a shot on goal in the 31st minute, but UIC's goalkeeper deflected the shot out of bounds for a corner kick.
UIC went ahead 1-0 in the 44th minute. A corner kick was played into the box, the ball ricocheted, and Jacob Graiber put a hard shot into the back of the net for the Flames.
Willis had a shot saved just 49 seconds into the second half.
Oscar Gonzalez scored for UIC in the 47th minute. He found some space in the box and slipped his shot into the goal to put the Flames ahead 2-0.
The Norse were forced to play with 10 men after a red card was issued in the 55th minute.
Moments later, Todd blasted a free kick from 25 yards out into the back of the net to extend the UIC lead to 3-0.
Barkei made a save on a shot by UIC's Markell Saddler in the 61st minute.
In the 64th minute, Barkei stopped a shot by UIC's Jesus Perez.
Barkei recorded another save on a shot by Josiah Ash in the 73rd minute.
Perez took a shot for UIC in the 78th minute, but Barkei was there to make the save.
UIC had a 15-11 shot advantage in the match.
The Flames improve to 7-0 on their home field.
NKU ends the season at 10-7 overall. The 10 wins are the most for the program in the Division I era.


A judge acknowledged that a South Whidbey man suffered from serious mental illness, but she handed him a lengthy prison sentence in order to protect the community.
Island County Superior Court Judge Vickie Churchill said she had little choice in sentencing Christopher Locken, 35, to more than nine years in prison, which was the maximum under the standard sentencing range.
"He doesn't seem to have any ability to change his behavior," she said, "or if he has the ability, he chooses not to do so."
Chief Criminal Prosecutor Eric Ohme described the incident as one of the most frightening events a young mother can experience and commended the woman for showing bravery in protecting her child.
In July 2017, Locken tried to force his way into a Freeland woman's house, delusionally claiming her 5-year-old son was his wife, and threatened the woman with a sword. He later threatened her husband, who came to protect his family, with a metal spike.
Ohme said Locken deserves sympathy because of his serious mental illness, but that he represents an "extreme danger to the community."
Ohme asked for the maximum sentence.
Locken's attorney, Steve McKay, filed a forensic psychological assessment of Locken as mitigation for sentencing.
The forensic psychologist, however, concludes that Locken is criminally insane in a more-probable-than-not basis; she did not recommend leniency.
"He has presented a threat to others in his home, in psychiatric hospitals, on the road, and in and around homes of private citizens," the forensic psychologist wrote, "and there is a high likelihood that he will continue to present a threat to public safety and security if not controlled by the court."
The report describes some of Locken's delusions. He has said God gave him a sign to marry a girl he never met who he believed gave birth to his child; he has a daughter with special powers; he was raped by a judge; vampires can insert thoughts into his ears and bloodstream; and he owns several major corporations.
McKay asked the judge to impose a mid-range sentence and indicated he was filing paperwork to appeal Locken's conviction.
Churchill, however, noted that Locken has resisted treatment for his mental health issues. She imposed a sentence of 112.5 months in prison, which includes a mandatory 36 months for the dangerous weapon enhancements.


The Alesis DM5 Kit is a high quality, entry-level solution for a complete electronic drum kit, with professional sound and familiar, comfortable playability. The DM5 Kit features quick setup and easy portability, combined with a versatile library of percussion sounds. Drummers can practice quietly with headphones or get as loud as they need on–stage by connecting to an amplifier.
The DM5 functions equally well for recording or performing, delivering the portability you want and the power you need. Expand your kit: Single drum and cymbal pads available separately.
4 Piece Velocity Sensitive Pad Drum kit– (5 pads) Snare, 2 Toms, Kick, Ride, Crash and Hi–hat cymbals.


MANSFIELD PARK To 29 November.
by Jane Austen adapted by Tim Luscombe.
Bury St Edmunds Theatre Royal Tour to 29 November 2012.
Runs 2hr 35min One interval.
Review: Timothy Ramsden 26 September at Theatre Royal Bury St Edmunds.
Regency roundabout hardly takes to the stage.
Thirty miles west of Bury St Edmunds, in Ipswich, Eastern Angles had a Christmas comedy three years ago based on Jane Austen's novels. Less than hilarious overall, it had the terrific title Mansfield Park and Ride. It's just what this runt of the Austen litter deserves, with its vapid heroine, poor little Fanny Price, living with and patronised by rich relatives in their eponymous seat.
Adaptor Tim Luscombe is a skilled director who has done what can be done with telling the story realistically on stage, but it's much less successful than the freer approach of Patricia Rozema's 1999 film, which effectively commented on the novel from a modern perspective. Sometimes Luscombe's plainer approach works, as scenes elide with cinematic fluidity. And, despite doubling by a small cast, each character is clear in the telling, as Luscombe unobtrusively ensures each is identified and the dialogue makes essential motivations and character evidentclear.
Too often, however, there's the sense of a limited company of actors desperately keeping several character-plates spinning as the adaptation breathily seeks to keep pace with the novel's action. And there's little time to give space, or breath, to much in the way of individual incidents.
Seen on stage, it's clear within ten minutes who Fanny must end up allied with, and the comings and goings, to and fro, the interferences of the evidently shallow and prejudiced, are so many obstacles which simply await clearance on the course to the anticipated conclusion.
Colin Blumenau marshals all this efficiently enough in his production, without disguising the episodic fragmentary structure, and designer Kit Surrey provides a panoply of illustrated cloths around his split-level stage, giving a due sense of period and of the novel's social world. Performances are generally competent if not deeply-etched or differentiated, though Ffion Jolly keeps the unassertive heroine this side of vapid and injects some spirit when possible, later on.
Still, a near-full audience approved heartily and the show's off on a tour. It's just a pity there couldn't be this response when Bury St Edmunds uses its beautifully restored Regency playhouse to produce real Regency plays.
Tom Bertram/Mr Rushworth/William Price: Geoff Arnold.
Mrs Norris/Mrs Price: Karen Ascoe.
Edmund Bertram/Charles Price: Pete Ashmore.
Mary Crawford/Betsey Price: Kristin Atherton.
Henry Crawford/Tom Price: Samuel Collings.
Sir Thomas Bertram/Mr Price: Richard Heap.
Maria Bertram/Susan Price: Leonie Spilbury.


The Creatives Blog is a blog based around me (Calum Davies) and my creative life. Filled with Creative Showcases, Behind The Scenes Content and Daily Experiences / Thoughts.
There are so many youtube channels these days that it's hard to work out which ones you should be watching for inspiration.


Are you are looking for a new supplier of a product or service?
Send your individual request to exactly the suppliers that meet your needs. Furnscout will support you in the selection of suppliers. You will decide yourself whom your request will be sent to.
Do you want to view current offers of potential suppliers? You can filter the "current offers" according to your needs and ask questions about them.


I've read that essential oils are toxic around cats, I'm not sure about tea tree oils.
Hi there! I love using vinegar for a household cleaner. It is excellent. However...if you are looking for a better smelling one, my sister makes one and uses lavender essential oil. I use that when I don't want to use straight vinegar. Apparently lavender is fine and is also a fla deterrent.


Validate if the document specifically complies with the PDF/A-2b standard.
Ensure a PDF document complies with custom corporate directives. For that purpose, a configuration file is provided containing a custom validation profile. It specifies various types of requirements, regarding the document itself, its pages, graphics, fonts, signatures and other custom checks. The input file is validated against this custom profile.


Former Premier League regulars and FA Cup winners Wigan Athletic have had a rough ride in recent years and were relegated from the Championship last season. However, Paul Cook has brought the feel good factor back to Wigan this season as they find themselves top of the table two points clear of Shrewsbury. With fixture congestion and the fact that they could be planning for life in the Championship we have highlighted three players that Paul Cook should look to sign.
Jorge Grant has been absolutely on fire for Kevin Nolan's Notts County this season with a blistering 16 goals from 32 appearances sending the Magpies top of League two. The left winger is only 23 years of age and is on loan at Notts County from City rivals Nottingham Forest. His form will have certainly got his parent club to reconsider his position at Nottingham Forest and there are rumours that Norwich are keen too. Should Wigan be able to convince Grant to cut his loan short and join the Latics then they will certainly have a great winger with brilliant potential.
31-year-old Sebastien Bassong is a former Premier League defender with Tottenham Hotspur and Norwich City but he was released by the latter last season and hasn't played since. Bassong would be a perfect signing for Wigan considering his Premier League pedigree and experience leading a back line. Even if Paul Cook used the Ivory Coast International as a squad role his experience would surely benefit the Latics' promotion push.
Tosin Adarabioyo has had many people talking about his potential during his time at Manchester City coming up through their academy. The 20 year-old English centre-back has seen his playing time limited under Pep Guardiola and a move to Wigan may well be what he needs to work his way up the league ladder. Paul Cook may well want to let Adarabioyo progress in this Wigan team and with his potential he could be their Premier League star in years to come.
Who would you like to see Wigan sign and who could they potentially offload? Let us know in the comments section below.


Alexa has many native talents, but you can extend her capabilities with skills. In this gallery, we spotlight ten skills that can help Mom celebrate her special day.
Compliment Mom with a set of customized compliments. This is an Alexa Blueprint. Create your own skill name, add a bunch of compliments, and run the skill.
Are you out of ideas for what to get Mom? Simply say, "Open Mother's Day Gift Ideas." Each time you do, the skill responds with "Here's your gift idea." They change and some of them aren't bad ideas.
With this Alexa Blueprint, you can tell Mom's story, complete with sound effects and personalized details. Go into the skill editor and add details, pauses, and sound effects.
While we're a bit loath to promote a specific brand, the 1-800-Flowers skill gives you a good idea of how shopping might work through Alexa and a voice interface. Plus, if you're late and you haven't thought of a gift, you can send flowers to Mom. It's a bit complex, because you need to enable Amazon Pay and give address information, but it's really the thought that counts.
This is about as simple as it gets. Say "Alexa, special message" and Alexa responds with "Happy Mother's Day."
This is a winner for Mom and everyone in the family. Simply enable Zen Sounds and Alexa will play a nice relaxing sound or melody ranging from healing sounds, spiritual sounds, thunder, rain, beach, and Japanese garden.
This isn't as much for Mom as it is a virtual Mom. Whenever you need motherly advice, simply say "Alexa, ask Mom advice," and she'll give you a pearl of wisdom.
This skill has a bunch of fun features. You can have it say some fun things for Mom, get some motherly advice and sayings, or learn how to make Mom breakfast. Do everyone a favor and make some breakfast.
It's always nice for Mom to have a reminder of the nice things in life. The Daily Affirmation skill provides a healthy, pleasant, and uplifting thought for the day.
This is a fun skill. You never know exactly what it will say, but it has a huge library of classic poems. All you have to do is say, "Alexa, recite a poem," and she does.
We all love Mom. Now, you can use your Amazon Echo or Dot to show her how much you care.
We took a tour of Amazon's Kent, Washington robotic fulfillment center.
"We have a little under an hour today and maybe seventy new things to talk about." They weren't kidding!
Prime Day 2018 has plenty of good stuff for the business crowd.
ZDNet checks out the best deals that are relevant for current and upcoming students. This post will be updated as more deals are released.
Amazon Prime Day is in full swing, but what are best deals on the table for Prime members and casual shoppers?


Shaun Theriot-Smith is a project civil engineer working on Land Development and infrastructure projects in the Greater Houston Area for BIG RED DOG Engineering. A US Army veteran of both Iraq and Afghanistan, Shaun first became passionate to build communities at home by helping build those abroad. He is a proud alumnus and former Student Body President of the University of Houston and is father to two incredible twin girls and a son along with his incomparable spouse, Paige.
Can We Fix Houston's Flooding Problem?
Building Setbacks in Houston: Avoid Expensive Assumptions.
Happy Holidays and Welcome 2017!
Now an Amazon Web Services Certified Solutions Architect!


We insist about the theory of growth of 'High excellent, Per for 4x8 Teflon Sheet , 4x8 teflon sheet , Teflon Sheet , Our business eagerly looks ahead to creating long-term and pleasant business partner associations with customers and businessmen from everywhere in the world.
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It wasn't an easy path. As a teenager, Aboah was uncomfortable in her own skin, and she developed severe anxiety and depression. "I was completely consumed by fear," she says. She turned to drugs, specifically ketamine, to cope. Left unchecked, those issues followed her into adulthood. "I had no concept of how to talk openly about [what I was going through]," she says. "So I stopped speaking, and I stopped feeling." In 2015, just as her modeling career was taking off, she fell into a four-day coma after a failed suicide attempt.
For Aboah, activism is more than a trend. "Before I even decided that I wanted to model, I decided that I would take on the responsibility of activism" she says. In a speech at the start of London Fashion Week in February, Aboah spoke out against sexual harassment and exploitation in the fashion industry. She called upon fashion insiders to "help change the system that has allowed such rampant abuse of power." Speaking to TIME, Aboah—who has never been a victim herself—added: "If we can keep constant pressure, all of those monsters will be pushed out" she tells TIME.


IDEALLY LOCATED NEAR CANVEY TOWN CENTRE with a BUS STOP DIRECTLY OUTSIDE the GATED PREMISIS, this 2 bedroom FIRST LEVEL FLAT makes for an ideal WORKING PROFESSIONAL HOME for applicants aged 35 OR ABOVE. In the property there is a STRICT NO PETS and NO SMOKING POLICY, with the additional policy of NO CHILDREN being allowed to live in the block. There is an ALLOCATED PARKING SPACE which is secured by an ELECTRIC BARRIER. If and when you decide you like the property and want to move in, you have to pay an additional £25.00 deposit for a fob to said electric barrier (returnable judging that the fob comes back to the office if and when you move out). For added security there is an INTERCOM ENTRY SYSTEM. As you walk in to the property there is a SPACIOUS HALLWAY lending way to a GOOD SIZED SINGLE BEDROOM, LARGE DOUBLE BEDROOM, LARGE THREE PEICE MODERN BATHROOM, LARGE LOUNGE and a MODERN FITTED KITCHEN with INTEGRATED APPLIANCES. The property is currently tenanted but available for viewing so feel free to call us to arrange an appointment. This property benefits from ELECTRIC HEATING and HOT WATER and there is no lift access to any level in this block.


The Asturias region is often dubbed 'Green Spain' thanks to the diverse wilderness of the region. It is one of the most charming areas which still remain in the shade of southern beaches and cities like Madrid or Barcelona.
Asturias is a region situated on the northern coast of Spain, facing the Bay of Biscay. Locals, however, often call it 'Green Spain'. It is a verdant coastal strip which runs north from Cantabrian Mountains. The region is wonderfully diverse and appeals to a large group of traveling enthusiasts.
Thanks to its varied terrain, spectacular scenery which features rushing rivers, lush green forests and picturesque Picos de Europa (Peaks of Europe), it is a magnet for hikers, who come here from all over the world.
The 'capital' of the Asturias region is Oviedo, an old historic city with a special draw for cider lovers. Local infamous Sidra (Spanish Cider) is a must and the city has even a special boulevard for those who wish to indulge in a pint or two – the Boulevard of Cider.
A visit to the region cannot be complete without a taste of the delicious Fabada Asturiana, a local rich bean stew dish featuring chorizo sausage, morcilla (black pudding), pork shoulder and saffron.
The city and its surrounding hills hide many Romanesque churches well worth exploring. The green countryside is home to many fishing villages; Gijon is a charming coastal town which started as a fishing village some 3,000 years ago.
Today visitors come here to enjoy a bit of sunshine on local beaches. Gijon is a fascinating place where the ancient past meets with the modern day. It is a busy shipping port and a favorite destination for shopping enthusiasts.
Asturias is slightly overshadowed by many other, more popular Spanish tourist attractions, but it is not less worthy. Locals know its quality – after all, it is one of the most popular holiday destinations for the Spanish.


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EntertainmentBig Brother Africa
Multichoice overwhelmed with Big Brother response
Multichoice Malawi says it has been overwhelmed with interest that Malawians are showing soon after the announcement of the seventh season of Big Brother Africa. Multichoice Malawi regional manager for Central and Northern Malawi, Titania Katenga Kaunda said although they made the announcement earlier, the process towards identifying possible housemates is yet to commence.
"We considered that there are so many things, including football competitions that are scheduled to take place this year which has made us to make the Big Brother announcement earlier than is the case," she said.
A statement issued by Multichoice Malawi indicates that the seventh season of the series will hit DStv screens in May.
"With TV commercials promoting the series return now screening on M-Net, entry for the new season opens in just a few short days," reads the statement, also revealing that Coca-Cola will returns as a sponsor.
More exciting things
"Malawians are sure that this year they will bring the prize money as they have seen how their country folks have been fairing," said Katenga Kaunda, adding that there are more exciting things that are in store for viewers
"According to series executives, viewers can once again get set for drama, action and entertainment with twists and turns galore," the statement says and Katenga Kaunda says this is where most of those that are ready for auditions are prepared to take advantage of.
The statement also quotes M-Net Africa managing director, Biola Alabi, who says the 2012 show is definitely a high demand property that draws and holds audiences from start to finish.
"…While the basics are the same, every season is different from the last. Re-invention is crucial so I am very pleased to confirm that this year we're doing something that has never been done before in the history of Big Brother Africa!" promised Alabi.
Alabi said Big Brother Africa constantly surprises audiences with everything from two houses, more housemates, unexpected guests and new participating countries to unveiling two winners, an All Star reunion, superstar performers and the list goes on.
"So to be able to say that we're doing something that has never been done before in Big Brother Africa is wonderful. And we really believe it's what our audiences want to see next," she said.
Viewers in for a surprise
The statement quotes Sivan Pillay, managing director for the series format owner and producer Endemol South Africa, who said his company looks forward to surprising and entertaining Africa's viewers with more twists and turns that have seen this compelling format continue to succeed on the continent as it has around the world.
"M-Net has established a highly engaging continental audience for the Big Brother brand," he said.
Katenga Kaunda said not much has been revealed as to how season seven will run as it is built on the principle of springing surprises.
The release however says more details of the new season to be revealed shortly, there is one secret M-Net is opening up about already.
"At the end of 91 days, while many housemates will walk away with fame and the experience of a lifetime, there will be only one winner. So this season, the winner takes all," says Alabi.
Pillay said that the decision of the early announcement is for people who are interested in participating can start thinking about whether they want to take this incredible journey.
"That decision is the first step on a road that may well lead right to the Big Brother house," he said.
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North American CDS investment-grade spreads ease
Published: May 7, 2010 at 1:46 p.m. ET
Carla Mozee
LOS ANGELES (MarketWatch) -- The cost to insure certain debt sold by U.S. companies eased Friday, a day after stocks on Wall Street plummeted on fears of a spiraling financial crisis in Southern Europe, exacerbated by trading glitches. According to CMA Data Vision, investment-grade CDS spreads tightened to 122.9 basis points from 128 basis points on Thursday. Its speculative-grade index, however, widened to 645.8 basis points from 621.1 basis points. The Greek 5-year credit default swap widened to 935.8 basis points from 927.9 basis points on Thursday. That means it would now cost $935,800 a year to insure $10 million of Greek debt. CDS spreads for Portugal and Spain tightened Friday, but the U.K.'s CDS spread widened to 100.4 basis points from 91.1 basis points. The action occurred as market analysts discussed the possibility that the European Central Bank, the U.S. Federal Reserve and other central banks will establish a foreign-exchange swaps program, and separately, the possibility that the ECB may offer inexpensive 1% loans to European private-sector banks.
Carla Mozée is a reporter for MarketWatch, based in London. Follow her on Twitter @MWMozee.


text:
Asylum Seeker Gebreys Jailed for 20 Years for Stabbing Semhar Kidane
Asylum seeker jailed for 20 years for stabbing former partner
Alex Gebreys admitted he stabbed his ex in the neck but denied trying to kill her
www.gazettelive.co.uk | April 12, 2017
During the three-day trial, prosecutors said Gebreys, an Eritrean asylum-seeker, was responsible for the brutal attack on November 23 last year.
Ms Kidani was found lying on a blood-soaked bed with the pair's 15-month-old son laid half underneath her body, the court heard.
She was left with life-changing injuries and is still unable to move the right side of her body due to her spinal chord being severed by seven stab wounds, the jury was told.
Gebreys, of no fixed abode, admitted wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm but denied attempted murder.
Prosecutor Mark Giuliani said the pair struck up a relationship in Calais while they were heading to the UK to seek asylum in December 2014.
"Ms Kidane fell pregnant and arrived in the UK with the defendant, who had not been granted asylum," he said.
"Their relationship was not good. He was often very violent towards her and threatened to beat her. When he was being abusive towards her he was angry. He would often say to her 'one day, I will kill you'."
Giving evidence through an interpreter, Gebreys claimed he went to Ms Kidani's home on Stephen Street, to see his son.
He said he went upstairs with a knife, but could not remember how he felt after that.
"It was at that point my behaviour changed," he told the court.
"I saw her laying on the bed. I stabbed her, then crossed my face with my hands.
"I don't know what happened, I don't know why I stabbed her."
When asked how many times he stabbed Ms Kidani, Gebreys said: "It is difficult to say but what I remember is that it was only twice."
Gebreys, who became emotional as he stood in the witness box, claimed an "evil spirit" caused him to stab Ms Kidani.
Sentencing Gebreys to 20 years in prison, Recorder of Middlesbrough, Simon Bourne-Arton QC, said: "The effects of your actions that night mean your son will not see his father for many years.
"You had armed yourself with a knife, you went into her room, and when she was in a highly vulnerable state you stabbed her repeatedly in her neck and the jury, on that compelling evidence and clear evidence, concluded your intent to kill her.
"One can only imagine the ordeal that not only she suffered but your then 15-month-old son suffered."
Following the sentence, investigating officer, Detective Sergeant Steve Rowland, said: "The victim has been detained in hospital ever since and is unable to live her life as she had done, and cannot care for her son as she used to.
"Her health has shown significant improvement recently but she still has a long road ahead to get back to normality. I hope that Gebryes' conviction and sentence provides some comfort to the victim and I wish her well with her continued recovery."
To Read More >>
Source: http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/teesside-news/asylum-seeker-jailed-20-years-12885544
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Saturday, September 10, 2011 12:50 PM
Can Government Lies Calm the Markets?
Mish Moved to MishTalk.Com Click to Visit.
The question of the day (for which everyone should know the answer) is Can Government Lies Calm the Markets?
In spite of the fact most of us realize lies will not help, and most often makes matters worse, governments repeatedly resort to lies, platitudes, and wishful thinking.
Jean-Claude Juncker, Luxembourg PM and Head Euro-Zone Finance Minister admitted as such in his statement "When it becomes serious, you have to lie"
Things are clearly serious, so everyone should expect lies, and lies we have in spades.
MarketWatch reports G-7 seeks to calm market fears on Europe, banks
The finance ministers and central bankers of the Group of Seven richest industrial countries sought late Friday to calm market fears about Europe's debt crisis.
A senior U.S. official told Dow Jones that the G-7 leaders spent most of their time behind closed doors dissecting Europe's problems.
The group trumpeted the EU's July 21 agreement to ease financial tensions, saying it would make the European Financial Stability Fund more flexible. At the same time, the euro-zone countries reaffirmed their "inflexible determination" to honor their sovereign debts and their commitments to sustainable fiscal policies and structural reforms.
If G-7 really has "inflexible determination" in the face of default of Greece, then they are not doing what they should be doing, which is to prepare for a Greek default and exit of Greece from the Eurozone. For additional comments please see Common Sense from Eurozone Member Estonia: "Illogical to Exclude the Possibility of Bankruptcy".
This of course leads to the second question: Is "inflexible determination" a lie or just plain stupidity?
MarketWatch: The G-7 said that their central banks "stand ready to provide liquidity to banks as required. … We will take all necessary actions to ensure the resilience of banking systems and financial markets."
Mish: That paragraph is a set of half-truths and lies. The half-truth is the ECB will most assuredly attempt to provide liquidity.
The problem is banks face capital shortfalls. And regarding capital shortfalls the banks, the ECB, and the EU are all in stupefied denial even after Christine Lagarde, new head of the IMF stated banks were undercapitalized. See Lagarde shows independence from Europe as IMF chief .
Sadly Lagarde may have shown independence but the article points out she was immediately attacked by banks for her statements. Christian Noyer, head of the Bank of France, said in response "Either she had been misinformed by her staff at the IMF, that's a possibility, or she did not have French banks in mind." Yeah right.
MarketWatch: The group also said it would maintain close consultations about exchange markets.
That statement is undoubtedly true, but the implication is not especially pretty. Besides, what can they do but monitor things? If they could do anything the DAX (German equities market) would not be in freefall.
MarketWatch: After the meeting, German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble dismissed a report by Bloomberg News that German officials were readying a plan to recapitalize German banks should their Greek holdings overcome balance sheets.
Schaeuble insisted that the agreement reached with Greece in July was still the focus of the government. "To speculate over other outcomes is pointless," he said, according to Dow Jones.
Mish: Schaeuble's, statements are blatant lies or seriously discomforting truth. In this case, it is hard to know precisely which. I suspect lies (and we should all be hoping for lies) because unless the EU, ECB, and other government officials are making contingency plans for a Greek bankruptcy, there are going to be some very serious consequences soon.
MarketWatch: European Union Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs Olli Rehn told reporters after the G-7 meeting that European banks were better capitalized than they were a year ago.
Mish: There's a lie, especially when the new head of the IMF is willing to admit banks need to be recapitalized.
MarketWatch: The G-7 statement said that countries must find a way to support the global recovery given the clear signs of a slowdown: "Given the still-fragile nature of the recovery, we must tread the difficult path of achieving fiscal adjustment plans while supporting economic activity, taking into account different national circumstances."
Mish: That is the impossible dream, yet probably an implied lie as well.
MarketWatch: U.S. officials said that the G-7 offered strong support for President Barack Obama's $450 billion jobs plan.
Mish: That statement is believable, yet the implications are disastrous for the US if implemented. Everyone wants the US to dig a deeper debt-hole and wreck its economy for the benefit of the rest of the world.
MarketWatch: ECB President Jean Claude Trichet told reporters that Stark resigned for personal reason, Dow Jones said.
Mish: That is a blatant lie by Trichet. Stark did not leave for personal reasons, nor did Axel Weber. Neither wanted to go down with a sinking Euro ship. Please see Germany Prepares "Plan B" Default; Top ECB Official Resigns; German-Italy Bond Spreads Widen Again; Dollar Soars, European Equities Hammered
MarketWatch: Bundesbank President Jens Weidmann said many of the factors that affected the German economy in the second quarter were only temporary and that no new stimulus was needed.
Mish: That is a blatant lie by Weidmann. Europe is imploding, austerity measures without reforms will not help at all, and austerity measures with reform will take a long time to work. There is no way the vaunted German export machine keeps humming along in this global backdrop. The only way "temporary" might be construed as true is if Weidmann means "years".
Obama Lies to Congress and the Nation
While on the subject of lies, there were plenty of them in Obama's address to Congress. Please see Dissecting the Lies in Obama's $447 Billion "Shock-and-Awe" Reelection Ploy; Dead-on-Arrival in Congress? Alternative Proposal Will Not Cost a Dime
Can Government Lies Calm the Markets? It hasn't worked recently as the public and the markets are both fed up with lies. Unfortunately, lies are all the Fed, the ECB, and governments have to offer.
Progress on badly needed structural reforms languishes in favor of "impossible dreams", failed stimulus ideas, wishful thinking, and a mass of blatant lies.
http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com
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Posted by Michael Shedlock at 12:50 PM
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About Mike Shedlock
Mike "Mish" Shedlock is a registered investment advisor representative for SitkaPacific Capital Management. Continue reading...
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The newly enthroned Patriarch Kirill has given a service at the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin – his first duty as head of the Russian Orthodox Church.
A source in Moscow's Patriarchate said this was 'a thanksgiving service and a litiya for the deceased Heads of the Orthodox Church, who are buried in the Assumption Cathedral'.
After the service a reception was held at the Kremlin's Georgy Hall where Kirill and President Medvedev addressed the country's assembled religious leaders.
Kirill, who is the first Patriarch to be elected in post-Soviet Russia, was enthroned on Sunday. He succeeded Aleksy II, who passed away late last year.


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Created by Leah Rosenberg
As seen in Moffitt Cafe - UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
Murals by Leah Rosenberg, as seen in Moffitt Cafe - UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
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Leah Rosenberg
2010 Public commission for Moffitt Café at UCSF Parnassus Hospital.
Acrylic paint on walls
The mural, created specifically for this site, acts as a kind of calendar: an exploration of space and of accumulated experiences, emotions, and memories expressed through color and form.
Leah Rosenberg is a San Francisco-based artist who works in a wide range of media, including painting, sculpture, installation, printmaking, and performance. Color and process play a primary role in her practice as does her selection of color–a decision both personal and informed by everyday experience. She mixes the internal and intimate with the world of received images and external encounters.
Rosenberg received a BFA from Emily Carr Institute in Vancouver, BC, in 2003 and went on to get an MFA from California College, San Francisco in 2008. She has held residencies at the Vermont Studio Center, the Bemis Center for Contemporary Art and Montalvo Arts Center in Saratoga, California. Her works have been exhibited nationally and internationally including at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, Art Moves in Poland, the Sarasota Art Center and the Golden Pavilion in Hamburg.