text:
Publications from the Guelph PIXE Group
Selected Journal Publications (2012 - Present)
[Web of Science journal citations 8527: Including 2 books 10162. Deduced WoS H- index 42]
270. J A. Berger, M. E. Schmidt, J. L. Campbell, E. L. Flannigan, R. Gellert, D. W. Ming, R. V. Morris, Particle Induced X-ray Spectrometry (PIXE) of Hawaiian Materials: An Analogue Study to Evaluate the APXS Field Analysis of Geologic Materials on Mars, sub. to Icarus, July2009.
269. J. L. Campbell, D. D. Thomson, E. L Flannigan, N. G. Holmes, D. W. Tesselaar, S. VanBommel, A re-examination of the fundamental parameters approach to calibration of the Curiosity rover alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B447, 22-29 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.03.036
268. M. E. Schmidt, G. M. Perrett, S. Bray, N. Bradley, R. Lee, J. A. Berger, J. L. Campbell, C. Lee, S. Y. Squyres, D. Tesselaar, Dusty rocks in Gale Crater: Assessing aerial coverage and separating dust and rock contributions in APXS analyses. Schmidt et al., J. Geophys. Res.: Planets 123, 1649-1673 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005553
267. C. M. Heirwegh, M. Petric, S. Fazinić, M. Kavčič, I. Božičević Mihalić, J. Schneider, I. Zamboni, J L. Campbell, Multiple ionization X-ray satellites of magnesium, aluminum and silicon in alpha particle PIXE, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B428, 9-16 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.05.005
266. J. L. Russell, J. L. Campbell, N. I. Boyd, J. F. Dias. GUMAP: a GUPIXWIN-compatible code for extracting regional spectra from nuclear microbeam list mode files. Nucl. Instr. Meth B417, 46-50 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.08.013
265. E. Flannigan, C. M. Heirwegh, J. L. Campbell. Role of the mass attenuation coefficient database in standardization of a silicon drift X-ray detector for PIXE analysis. X-ray Spectrom. 47, 63-71 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.2812
264. J. L. Campbell, B. Ganly, C. M. Heirwegh, J. A. Maxwell. Separation of detector non-linearity issues and multiple ionization satellites in alpha-particle PIXE. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B414, 38-44 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.10.001
263. E. L. Flannigan, J. L. Campbell. Emulation of the Curiosity rover alpha particle X-ray spectrometer with accelerator-based PIXE: implications for calibration. Nucl. Instr. Meth B 413, 19-26 (2017).
262. G. M. Perrett, J. A. Maxwell, J. L. Campbell. Combined X-ray diffraction and alpha particle X-ray spectrometer analysis of geologic materials. X-ray Spectrom. 46, 171-179 (2017).
261. N. L. Lanza and 43 others. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale Crater, Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43, 7398-7407 (2016).
260. S. VanBommel, R. Gellert N. Boyd, J. L. Campbell, I. Pradler, J. A. Berger, L. M. Thompson, K. Edgett, M. McBride, M. Minitti, A. Stroupe. Deconvolutionof distinct lithology chemistry through over-sampling with the Mars ScienceLaboratory alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. X-Ray Spectrom. 45, 155-161 (2016).
259. L. M. Thompson, J. G. Spray, M. E. Schmidt, R. Gellert, J. Berger, N. Boyd, J. L. Campbell, B. Elliott, G. M. Perrett, I. Pradler, S. Van Bommel. Potassium-rich sandstones within the Gale impact crater, Mars. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets 121, 1991-2003 (2016).
258. J. L. Campbell, C. M. Heirwegh, B. Ganly. Non-linearity issues and multiple ionization satellites in the PIXE portion of spectra from the Martian alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B383, 143-151 (2016).
259. L. M. Thompson, J. G. Spray, M. E. Schmidt, R. Gellert, J. Berger, N. Boyd, J. L. Campbell, B. Elliott, G. M. Perrett, I. Pradler, S. Van Bommel. Potassium-rich sandstones within the Gale impact crater, Mars: the APXS perspective. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets JE 005055, 1981- 2003 (2016).
257. S. J. VanBommel, R. Gellert, N. I. Boyd, J. L. Campbell, I. Pradler, J. A. Berger, L. M. Thompson, K. S. Edgett, M. J. McBride, M. E. Minitti, A. S. Stroupe. Deconvolution of distinct lithology chemistry through over-sampling with the Mars Science Laboratory alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. X-ray Spectrometry 45, 155-161 (2016).
256. J. A. Berger, M. E. Schmidt, R. Gellert, J. L. Campbell, P. L. King, R. L. Flemming, D. W. Ming, B. C. Clark, I. Pradler, S. J. Van Bommel, M. E. Minitti, A. G. Fairen, N. I. Boyd, L. M. Thompson, G. M. Perrett, B. E. Elliot, E. Desouza. A global Mars dust composition refined by the Alpha-Particle X-ray Spectrometer in Gale Crater," Geophys. Res. Lett., 2015GL066675 (2016).
255. G. M. Perrett, J. L. Campbell, R. Gellert, P. L. King, E. Nield, J. M. O'Meara, I. Pradler. Refinement of the Compton-Rayleigh scatter ratio method for use on the Mars Science Laboratory alpha particle X-ray spectrometer: II – Extraction of invisible element content. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B368, 129-137 (2016).
254. C. M. Heirwegh, J. L. Campbell, G. K. Czamanske. Refinement of major- and minor- element PIXE analysis of rocks and minerals. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B366, 40-50 (2016).
253. C. Michelet and 16 others. Quantitative Reconstruction of PIXE-Tomography data for thin samples using GUPIX X-ray emission yields. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B348, 92-99 (2015).
252. C. M. Heirwegh, I. Pradler, J. L. Campbell. Choice of X-ray mass attenuation coefficients for PIXE analysis of silicate minerals and rocks. X-ray Spectrom. 44, 63-68 (2015).
251. G. M. Perrett, J.L. Campbell, S. Glasauer, R. Pardo. Quantitative determination of mineral phase effects observed in APXS analyses of geochemical reference materials. X-ray Spectrom. 43, 359-366 (2014).
250. J. L. Campbell, P. L. King, J. A. Berger, R. Gellert, G. M. Perrett, I. Pradler, L. Thompson. K. S. Edgett, A. Yingst. The Mars Science Laboratory APXS calibration target: comparison of first Martian measurements with the terrestrial calibration. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B323, 49-58 (2014).
249. D. Blake et al. Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars: Characterization and analysis of the Rocknest sand shadow. Science 341, 1239505 1-7 (2013).
248. A. Ollila et al. Modeling of Trace Elements (Li, Ba, Sr, and Rb) using Curiosity's ChemCam and Early Results for Gale Crater from Bradbury Landing Site to Rocknest. J. Geophys. Res. 119, 255-285 (2014). doi:10.1002/2013JE004517.
247. J. A. Berger, P. L. King, R.Gellert, J. L. Campbell J, N. I. Boyd, I. Pradler, G. M. Perrett, K. S. Edgett, M. Schmidt, R. Lee, S. Van Bommel. MSL APXS Titanium Observation Tray Measurements: Laboratory Experiments and Results for the Rocknest Fines at the Curiosity Field Site in Gale Crater, Mars. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets. 119, 1046-1060 (2014); DOI: 10.1002/2013JE004519
246. C. M. Heirwegh, I. Pradler, J. L. Campbell. An accuracy assessment of photo-ionization cross-section data-sets for 1–2 keV X rays in light elements using proton-induced X-ray emission. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46, 185602 (2013).
245. K. Fennane, M. Berset, J.-Cl. Dousse, J. Hoszowska, P. Raboud, J. L. Campbell. Re-examination of M2,3 atomic level widths of elements 69 < Z < 75. Phys. Rev. A88, 052506 (2013).
244. M. Schmidt, J. L. Campbell, R. Gellert, G. M. Perrett et al. Geochemical diversity in first rocks examined by the Curiosity Rover in Gale Crater: Evidence and significance of an alkali and volatile-rich igneous source. J. Geophys. Research: Planets, 119, 64-81, doi:10.1002/2013JE004481 (2014).
243. D. W. Ming et al. Volatile and Organic Compositions of a Sedimentary Rock in Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars. Science, 343(6169), 1245267 (2014).
242. S. McLennan et al. Elemental Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science, 343(6169), 1244734 (2014).
241. J. L. Campbell, G. M. Perrett, J. A. Maxwell, E. Nield, R. Gellert, P. L. King, M. Lee, J. M. O'Meara, I. Pradler. Refinement of the Compton-Rayleigh scatter ratio method for use on the Mars Science Laboratory alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B302, 24-31 (2012).
240. J. L. Campbell. The instrumental blank of the Mars Science Laboratory alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B288, 102-110 (2012).
239. J. L. Campbell, G. M. Perrett, R. Gellert, S. M. Andrushenko, N. I. Boyd, J. A. Maxwell, P. L. King, C.D. M. Schofield. Calibration of the Mars Science Laboratory alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. Space Science Reviews, 170, 319-340 (2012). dti 10.1007/s11214-012-9873-5.
238. T. L. Hopman, C. M. Heirwegh, J. L. Campbell, M. Krumrey, F. Scholze. An accurate determination of the K-shell fluorescence yield of silicon. X-ray Spectrom. 41(3), 164-171 (2012).
'Proton-Induced X-ray Emission: A Novel Technique for Elemental Analysis'
by S.A.E. Johansson and J.L. Campbell.
John Wiley, U.K. 1988. (340 pages).
'Energy, Physics and the Environment'
by E.L. McFarland, J.L. Hunt and J.L. Campbell
1st edition Wuerz Publishing, Winnipeg, 1994; 2nd edition Thomson Learning 2001; 3rd edition Thomson Learning 2006.
'Principles of Particle-Induced X-ray Emission Spectrometry'
eds. S.A.E.Johansson (deceased), K.G.Malmqvist and J.L.Campbell
In the Chemical Analysis monograph series of John Wiley, New York, 1995. (450 pages).(Approx. 30% contributed by JLC).
"Particle-induced X-ray emission", by M.A. Reis and J.L. Campbell
In Characterization of Materials, 2nd edition, editor-in-chief E.N. Kaufmann, 2012. Vol3, pp 1959-1713. (John Wiley and sons Ltd).
"PIXE Analysis" by J.L. Campbell
In Handbook of Modern Ion Beam materials Analysis, second edition, eds. M. Nastasi and Y. Q. Wang (by invitation). Chapter 11, pp. 231-245.
Published by the Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA, USA, December 2009.
"Proton-induced X-ray emission" by J.L. Campbell
In Methods in Materials Research, editor-in-chief E.N. Kaufmann, John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2001
"The proton microprobe in ore mineralogy (micro-PIXE technique)" by L.J. Cabri and J.L. Campbell
In Modern Approaches to Ore and Environmental Mineralogy (Mineralogical Association of Canada, 1998), chapter 7, pp. 181-198.
"Analysis and Imaging by Proton-induced X-ray Emission" by J.L. Campbell
In Quantitative Microbeam Analysis by A.G. Fitzgerald, B.E. Storey and D. Fabian (proc. of a NATO Advanced Study Institute, published by Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK, (1993).
PIXE Group Resources
PIXE Home
PIXE Research
Publications (current page)
Conference Contributions
GUPIX
GUPIXWIN Download
GUPIX Quick Reference Guide


Here's the deal; after upgrading to 4.3.x, if my ISP_Device goes down (power, ADSL connection) and comes up again, NAT connects to the internet! The preferences still say "Cable not connected" but I do have an IP address and can ping/connect at will to anything on the Internet. Checking/unchecking the "Cable connected" checkbox does disconnect NAT.
This could very well be a major security hole, that is why I put the priority to Critical.
Thank you for the report. The fix for this bug will be available in the next maintenance release. Here is a test build containing this fix.
Confirmed as fixed with build 4.3.3-90530.
Fix is contained in 4.3.4.


text:
San Juan de Oriente
Find sources: "San Juan de Oriente" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Municipality in Masaya, Nicaragua
Location in Nicaragua
• Municipality
5.3 sq mi (13.8 km2)
890/sq mi (340/km2)
• Urban
San Juan de Oriente is a municipality in the Masaya department of Nicaragua.
It is one of the "Pueblos Blancos" because of the white colonial style churches that it and the other municipalities have in Masaya.
5 Entertainment
7 Fiestas Patronales
8 Infrastructure and communication
9 Comarcas
The municipality of San Juan de Oriente was founded in 1585. It was called San Juan de los Platos because they made clay dishes to be used during religious festivals in the region. The Nicoya and Potosme tribes lived here and spoke the language Náhuatl.
The colonial style church was constructed in 1612 by Gervasio Gallegos de Galacia and Juan de Bracamonte y Peñaranda.
San Juan de Oriente is 45 km south of the Nicaraguan capital Managua. It possesses shoreline along Laguna de Apoyo a saltwater volcanic lagoon.
There are no universities in this small town. It is home to one preschool, three primary schools, and two secondary schools.
Like most of the department of Masaya, the economy in San Juan de Oriente is heavily based around artisans. The specialty in San Juan de Oriente is ceramics. Many ceramic makers have studied advanced methods in Spain and there are several with international accolades for their work. Styles range from Precolumbian to flora and fauna to geometric.
Entertainment[edit]
San Juan de Oriente is a rather small town with limited entertainment options. There is a bar at the entrance that is popular with the locals as well as a pool hall at the center of town.
Transportation[edit]
Some of the bus routes to and from San Juan de Oriente can be found at Mercado Roberto Huembes in Managua. Sa Juan de Oriente is approximately one and a half hours by bus in an ordinary route and one hour in an express bus.
One can also find buses to San Juan de Oriente from Granada. These buses originate from a bus station near the Mercado Municipal.
Fiestas Patronales[edit]
The patron saint festival in San Juan de Oriente celebrates the birth of John the Baptist on the week of June 24. The celebration consists of many processions with statues of John the Baptist, fireworks, and most famous of all "chilillo" a dance/sport where two "chinegros" use dried bovine penises fashioned in the form of a saber complete with leather handguard to whip their opponent. After a few seconds somebody in the costume of a yegüita (mare) enters between the two people ending the bout. While no winners or losers are declared, the hard whipping does leave marks or scars.
Infrastructure and communication[edit]
Electricity is supplied from the Managuan power grid and is therefore subject to same blackout problems that Managua has.
Water service is supplied by a plant across the carretera in the municipality of Catarina. They take turns with water access, thus each town has water every other day.
Conventional landline telephone is provided by Enitel, the national telephone company. The two cellphone companies in Nicaragua, Claro and Movistar, have extensive coverage in San Juan de Oriente.
A new health clinic was completed in August 2006.
Comarcas[edit]
El Castillo (not to be confused with El Castillo (village), a comarca of the municipality of El Castillo, a subdivision of the Río San Juan Department)
El Tempisque
La Laguna de Apoyo
Masaya Department
Capital: Masaya
La Concepción
Masatepe
Nandasmo
Nindirí
Niquinomo
Tisma
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Juan_de_Oriente&oldid=806665821"
Populated places in Nicaragua
Municipalities of the Masaya Department
Articles lacking sources from December 2009

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The correct weave is a very important factor in the selection of filter media.
Satin weaves generally offer the best cake release. They do not blind readily and have fair abrasion resistance, but poor particle retention.
Twill weaves provide good resilience and resistance to abrasion. The increased surface area of twill fabric delivers good drainage and resistance to blinding with medium particle retention. Unfortunately, twill fabrics usually have poor cake release characteristics.
Plain weave results in a rigid fabric, often with a smooth, even surface that gives good particle retention and cake release, but with a susceptibility to blinding.


How do you like your GM Screen?
The GM Screen is a essentially a reference sheet, comprised of several card sheets that fold out and can be stood up to serve another purpose, that is, to hide the GM's notes and dice rolls. On the inside, the side facing the GM are listed all of the tables that the GM might want or need at a glance without the need to have to leaf quickly through the core rulebook. On the outside, facing the players, is either more tables for their benefit or representative artwork for the game itself. This is both the basic function and the basic format of the screen, neither of which has changed very little over the years. Beyond the basic format, much has changed though.
To begin with the general format has split, between portrait and landscape formats. The result of the landscape format is a lower screen, and if not a sturdier screen, than at least one that is less prone to being knocked over. Another change has been in the weight of card used to construct the screen. Exile Studios pioneered a new sturdier and durable screen when its printers took two covers from the Hollow Earth Expedition core rule book and literally turned them into the game's screen. This marked a change from the earlier and flimsier screens that had been done in too light a cardstock, and many publishers have followed suit.
Once you have decided upon your screen format, the next question is what you have put with it. Do you include a poster or poster map, such as Chaosium, Inc.'s last screen for Call of Cthulhu, Sixth Edition? Or a reference work like the GM Resource Book for Pelgrane Press' Trail of Cthulhu? Or scenarios such as 'Blackwater Creek' and 'Missed Dues' from the Call of Cthulhu Keeper Screen for use with Call of Cthulhu, Seventh Edition? In general, the heavier and sturdier the screen, the more likely it is that the screen will be sold unaccompanied, such as those published by Cubicle Seven Entertainment for the Starblazer Adventures: The Rock & Roll Space Opera Adventure Game and Doctor Who: Adventures in Time and Space RPGs.
So how do I like my GM Screen?
I like my Screen to come with something. Not a poster or poster map, but some form of reference material. Which is why I am fond of both the Sholari Reference Pack for SkyRealms of Jorune and the GM Resource Book for Pelgrane Press' Trail of Cthulhu. Nevertheless, I also like GM Screens when they come with a scenario, which is one reason why I like the Game Master's Kit for Fantasy Flight Games' Legend of the Fifth Rings Roleplaying. As the name suggests, this is the Game Master's screen and pack for use with the roleplaying game set in a fantasy version of feudal Japan, but also heavily influenced by other Asian cultures. For what comes with the screen in the Game Master's Kit is a scenario which builds on the campaign begun with the Legend of the Five Rings Roleplaying Beginner Game, focusing on a very different part of Rokugan.
The Game Master Screen is a four-panel affair in portrait format—as opposed to the trend for Game Master Screens to be in landscape format—done in sturdy cardboard. On the front is a panorama of a landscape, set before a wide mountain range. In the centre is a manicured garden a lake and islands connected by a bridge, whilst on the lakeshore stands a pagoda. To the left the lands become black and blighted, whilst to the right, the lands and mountains are covered in snow. What this actually depicts is Rokugan in its entirety, from the twisted Shadowlands beyond the Wall in the south to the mountains in the far north of Rokugan and the Phoenix Clan lands. In between are the delicate, almost pastoral lands of Rokugan itself. Altogether, this is a lovely illustration, if not necessarily an exciting one.
On the other side, what is clear about the layout of the screen is that despite there being a lot of information the designers could have put on here, they have opted for an open layout, so that the content is easy to read. It is also very clearly marked with the page references for when the Game Master needs to look something up in the core book. The basics of Legend of the Fifth Rings Roleplaying's mechanics are summarised on the left-hand panel, including an explanation the five Rings, dice symbols, turn structure, how to make a check when performing an action, and skill groups, skills, and approaches. Some of this information is perhaps a little basic, but the table of skill groups, skills, and approaches is perfect. The inner left-hand panel gives sample tasks and task numbers, summarises the game's stances for when a character is in a skirmish, duel, or intrigue, common conflict actions, silhouette sizes, unarmed combat damages, advantages and disadvantages, range bands, and examples of spending Opportunity in play. This last section feels a bit truncated and as if more explanation and examples were needed. After all, this comes up quite a lot in play and there is a whole page devoted to it in the core rules. The inclusion of the whole table would have been more useful.
On the inner right-hand side, the page numbers for commonly referenced rules are listed, along the initiative rules, NPC demeanours, the use of Void points, and Critical Strikes. On the right-hand side are explanations of common item qualities and common conditions. Overall, it is a useful and easy-to-read screen, but with a couple of issues. One is the aforementioned brevity of the Opportunity spends table and the other is that perhaps the combat information could have been better grouped together.
The booklet which comes in the Game Master's Kit is a sourcebook and scenario called 'Dark Tides'. It describes a mysterious minor clan, its major holding, its strange mission, and provides a scenario set in that holding. The minor clan is the Tortoise clan, who turn out to be very un-samurai-like in comparison to the other Rokugani clans. They have regular dealings with peasants, with outsiders, and they can obtain things that other clans cannot and would consider dishonourable to do so. The Tortoise clan, its Kasuga family, and its Kasuga Smuggler School are provided should a player want to play one. In terms of design the school offers a variety of skills, both Social and Martial, but it places an emphasis on Trade skills above all else.
The clan holding is Taimana Choryū or Slow Tide Harbour, a swampy backwater port just north of the imperial city of Otosan Uchi. It is rife with crime, ships from all over dock here, and Gaijin walk the streets, but the Tortoise clan seem to give this no heed. All this will be a shock to any samurai which come to the port, which player characters will do as part of the scenario, 'Dark Tides'. They are asked to find an imperial nobleman—described as a 'wastrel'—who was last heard of in Slow Tide Harbour and has not been heard from recently. They will find the port bustling with commerce and business, but otherwise a sleepy little affair, the Tortoise clan content to let matters continue as they are without the need to rock the boat.
The adventure consists of three parts, each being quite different in tone. The first focuses on investigation and intrigues, the player characters discovering and following up on clues that point to various witnesses and potential suspects and attempting to get information out them. This is quite lengthy section and comprises the bulk of the scenario and may be a bit frustrating for players wanting a little more action. That all comes in the second and third parts as first the player characters track down the villains of the piece and final confront them. As well as well being a solid investigative scenario, 'Dark Tides' grants the Game Master the freedom to choose the villain of the piece, from a choice of three. Reasons are also given as to why they are involved and what clues point to their involvement.
The other thing that 'Dark Tides' does is continue from 'The Topaz Championship' from Legend of the Five Rings Roleplaying Beginner Game and its donload sequel, 'In the Palace of the Emerald Champion'. Thus the player characters are expected to be Emerald Magistrates and if they are, then 'Dark Tides' can be their first assignment. Alternative suggestions are given if they are not though, but that will make the scenario slightly more difficult since they will not actually hold any authority when conducting the investigation. Of course, neither the Tortoise clan nor the criminal fraternity in Slow Tide Harbour will go out of its way to be too helpful.
As well as being solid investigative scenario, 'Dark Tides' also does the 'fish out of water' aspect very well too. Any overly mannered or cultured samurai is going to find themselves very much out of their depth in the skeevy little port where peasants rub shoulders with samurai who rub shoulders with Gaijin. And despite the obvious disparities between the social orders in Rokugan, there is a nod in the scenario—a simple mention, nothing more—to the equality of genders and sexual preferences. It is not necessarily part of the scenario, but it is there.
Physically, the Game Master's Kit is nicely produced. The screen is sturdy and accessible. The booklet is done on glossy paper with full colour illustrations just as the core book. Overall, an attractive package.
Any Game Master for Legend of the Fifth Rings Roleplaying will find the Game Master's Kit in her game. The screen itself is useful and helpful in play, the scenario is excellent, and it introduces aspects of Rokugan not seen in Legend of the Fifth Rings Roleplaying—Slow Tide Harbour could become the basis for a campaign of its own were the Game Master to develop it and the players decide to play 'less honourable' characters. Besides dice, the Game Master's Kit is going to be what the Legend of the Fifth Rings Roleplaying Game Master wants at her table.


About 1 year ago, I moved to KOBE-City.
Kobe is the port town, because active trade from long ago, and the resident's nationality is also various. In the town, modernize architecture and china-town, church, high rise building, world's longest suspension bridge and great night views such as there are many photogenic spots. Fortunately, KOBE is blessed with a richness of nature, Mt.Rokko was also known as a much foggy spot.
That KOBE is half an hour from Osaka,and 1 hour from Kyoto.
If you come to Osaka or Kyoto, try to consider Kobe in your plan.


Numbers of papers have been developed in the past decade on API. Some of them were developed based on best practices and lessons learned from project activities, while the others were developed based on research and observation in the field. This section compiles these paper and is divided into grey literature and peer-reviewed publication.


text:
title: Deeplearning4j Autoencoders
short_title: Autoencoders
description: Supported autoencoder configurations.
category: Models
weight: 3
---

## What are autoencoders?

Autoencoders are neural networks for unsupervised learning. Eclipse Deeplearning4j supports certain autoencoder layers such as variational autoencoders.

## Where's Restricted Boltzmann Machine?

RBMs are no longer supported as of version 0.9.x. They are no longer best-in-class for most machine learning problems.

## Supported layers

{{autogenerated}}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


One only needs to look at the headlines to see that many retailers are struggling. CHRIS PETERSEN says the biggest challenge for traditional retailers is their legacy of store success.
To survive in this digital age, retailers must rethink and reorganise their businesses from the inside out. To clarify that statement, the current landscape shows that a large group of traditional retailers are struggling to increase profitability.


iiUsage is an usage meter for members of the Australian ISP, iiNet. It shows your internet usage in the menubar and in Growl notifications.
You can see immediately your usage- and can go straight to the server- no fuss no bother!
That it is SO CHEAP ! The person who made it should be paid much more!
menu bar. Brilliant programme for iinet users!! GO GET IT !!


Achieve freedom from life's hurts, habits, and hang-ups at Celebrate Recovery. This ministry seeks to celebrate the HEALING and REDEMPTIVE power found in JESUS CHRIST. We invite you to join us and begin experiencing TRUE LIFE CHANGE. Celebrate Recovery teaches us how to use God's power and grace to solve life's problems. God can release us from the addictive, compulsive, and dysfunctional behaviors that have been holding us back from AUTHENTIC JOY in our lives – come learn how! There is no wrong time to join Celebrate Recovery. It is a permanent ministry at FUMC and meets 52 weeks a year (every Monday night). No registration is needed and childcare is available. Join us any time.
Jody Wallin the Pastor of Congregational Care.
Celebrate Recovery is a Christian-based recovery program that is based on the eight Principles of Recovery taken from Jesus' eight Beatitudes and from the 12-Step Program. The program is geared to adults, 18 years old or older, and it is designed to work for any Hurt, Hang-up, or Habit. Some examples of these problem areas are: codependency, depression, divorce, emotional dependency, love & relational abuse, negative thought patterns, physical abuse, sexual abuse, sexual addiction, alcoholism, anger, and chemical addiction.


For advertising and marketing boffins around the world, knowing what merchandise will promote is a fundamental goal. One of the biggest on-line superstores for furniture and more. We have performed you all an enormous favor and ranked the 25 best online outfitters for males. A typical on-line retailer enables the shopper to browse the agency's vary of services, view photographs or photographs of the merchandise, together with details about the product specs, options and prices.
Use PayZapp, the ideal online procuring app to browse for makeup, well being merchandise and more from prime beauty brands. Drop delivery : The order is passed to the producer or third-occasion distributor, who then ships the merchandise on to the consumer, bypassing the retailer's bodily location to avoid wasting time, cash, and house.
On a regular basis, analytics drive the creation of a list of popular merchandise. It has the bells and whistles of all the other websites when it comes to how the merchandise are presented, but it additionally trumps them slightly by selling unboxed and refurbished mobiles.
At , we are impressed by global tendencies to create apparel and equipment and a web-based buying experience that girls not solely admire but relate to as well. Matchesfashion : The UK-based mostly high-end retailer Matchesfashion is another solid option for purchasing the big-title designers multi functional space, from Gucci to Saint Laurent to Vetements.
The Outnet : From the folks behind Net-a-Porter comes probably the greatest locations to shop for marked-down designer items — if it weren't for the decreased costs listed under each garment, you most likely would not even notice you had been on a discount website.


text:
Q: Why isn't this javascript code working?

var contentObj = getElementById("content");
var widthOfContent = screen.availWidth * 0.6;
var cssContObjStr = "width:" + (screen.availWidth * 0.6) + ";";
contentObj.style = cssContObjStr;
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title>Testing</title>

    jdhkfahsd jksahd fklhasdk fhaskdhf kalsdhf klashdfk hasdkf haskd hfasdkjfhkjasdh fkjasdkfh asjdkhf khdskf jhaskdjh fkjasdhf kjsahd fkasbdkfbsadvn iweb fnilewalnfiwa ebnkjsdbv jdbalisd df sads da s fsd afds fasdf sadf asdf adsf asdf sdf

I've saved the javascript file as javas.js on my pc. However, I'm trying to set the width as 60% of the screen width in pixels. This isn't working.
How can I manage this? And please, don't say "set it to width:60%".

A: You have several syntax errors, here's a list of what's wrong:

*

*You need to call document.getElementById()

*+\ isn't needed, that's an improperly formatted literal...but isn't not needed here anyway

*The width is a property on style, just set it like I have below, make sure to include "px" on the end.

Overall, it should just be:

var contentObj = document.getElementById("content");
var widthOfContent = screen.availWidth * 0.6;
contentObj.style.width = widthOfContent + "px";
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title>Testing</title>

    jdhkfahsd jksahd fklhasdk fhaskdhf kalsdhf klashdfk hasdkf haskd hfasdkjfhkjasdh fkjasdkfh asjdkhf khdskf jhaskdjh fkjasdhf kjsahd fkasbdkfbsadvn iweb fnilewalnfiwa ebnkjsdbv jdbalisd df sads da s fsd afds fasdf sadf asdf adsf asdf sdf

A: Can you please try this?
var contentObj = document.getElementById("content");
var widthOfContent = screen.availWidth * 0.6;
var cssContObjStr = "width:" + (screen.availWidth * 0.6) + "%;";
contentObj.style.cssText = cssContObjStr;

Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Rory McIlroy destroys Steve Elkington after Elk tries to call him out
By Joel Beall
ERIN, Wis. -- Rory McIlroy may have missed the cut at Erin Hills, but he's leaving Wisconsin a winner.
McIlroy fired a one-under 71 on Friday, but it was not enough to overcome the 78 he posted on Round 1. McIlroy was far from the only star to suffer at the U.S. Open, as Dustin Johnson, Jason Day and Jon Rahm also failed to reach Saturday play.
That didn't stop former PGA champion and noted curmudgeon Steve Elkington from stirring things up on Twitter Friday night.
Words that didn't sit well with McIlroy, who promptly fired back.
Sure, a screenshot of your Wikipedia page is a little cheesy; then again, when your page has as many accomplishments as McIlroy's, you can do whatever you damn please.
Elkington tried to respond by claiming Jack Nicklaus never discussed his earnings, but at that point, Elk was on the canvas and the judge had called for the bell, raising Rory's hand as victor.
WATCH MORE U.S. OPEN VIDEOS


When you look at Walmart, what do you see? A store? Dying brick and mortar commerce? Badly dressed poor people? If you're an entrepreneur looking for massive opportunities, what you should see is a business empire with almost $500 billion in sales, 2.2 million employees, 8,500 stores, 25 percent of all grocery sales in the United States, and most importantly, a mastery of supply chain logistics that its competitors have been unable to match.
How about UPS, a company much of the Valley is dependent on for its physical deliveries? Do you look at UPS and think of blue collar guys driving brown trucks and showing up late? Or do you see an unimaginably complicated coordination of moving parts that delivers 15 million packages per day?
When you think of General Electric, do you picture an appliance and light bulb company or a conglomerate that makes everything from medical imaging equipment to railroad locomotives along with a financial arm that alone has nearly $600 billion in assets?
One of the main reasons few Silicon Valley entrepreneurs tackle big challenges is that most of them don't really understand how things work. It used to be entrepreneurs would spend several years in industry before starting something on their own. During their time working, they got to see how companies operate, including how they approach large scale opportunities and deal with looming threats. They also likely worked on projects with real or potential profits of hundreds of millions, or even billions, of dollars. Obviously a few years on the job doesn't teach someone everything that a massive company like Walmart or GE does, but at least they received some real world experience and saw some things first hand that could be improved.
These days many entrepreneurs are either college dropouts, recent graduates, or only have startup work experience. Having never spent time in a big company solving big problems or seeing complex business processes, they don't have any experience or knowledge of how any of these things are handled. As programmers, they have the tools to build solutions but they don't have the knowledge of what should be built or what solutions are even needed. It's like giving someone a construction crew without any training in architecture or telling them what type of buildings the city needs. They'll probably be able to piece together a house, and once they've done that they can copy it "like this for that," but they don't have the experience or architectural knowledge to build anything complex or useful.
Even more damaging is the increasingly popular, and arrogant, belief that inexperienced entrepreneurs can solve everything. It's one thing to be ignorant of how a complex business works, it's another thing to assume everything is simple and the people running established companies are stupid. Just because Walmart and UPS are old school brick and mortar companies doesn't mean their CEOs don't know what they're doing. Having the potential power of the Internet at your disposal doesn't make you omniscient or all powerful. It certainly doesn't reduce all complex problems down to a simple web solution.
Perhaps it's time for a new type of business school, one that teaches would be entrepreneurs about the large scale challenges in big business. I'm not suggesting everyone get an MBA or spend 10 years working a corporate job before becoming an entrepreneur. But a little exposure to how real companies doing big things actually operate would go a long way toward helping entrepreneurs address some legitimate needs. Instead of simply trying to crank out copycat startups as fast as possible, incubators could even take on this role of teaching entrepreneurs case studies of complex problems.
What could Silicon Valley solve if entrepreneurs actually understood how Walmart's supply chain worked, or UPS's delivery logistics, or even why it's so hard to provide a nutritious school lunch? What could we streamline if we had knowledge of the challenges and problems that currently plague these and other complex systems? The bottom line is that you can't fix what you don't understand, and with so little first hand experience working on big, real world problems, most young entrepreneurs don't understand all that much.


text:
Q: Fail to import org.slf4j.Logger- how to add the jar to classpath? I am learning to use Maven and Log4J. In the POM file I've added the below dependencies:
  <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
       <version>1.7.12</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>log4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
       <version>1.2.17</version>
     </dependency>
  </dependencies>

When I tried to import import org.slf4j.Logger in my main class, Eclipse says "The import org.slf4j cannot be resolved". I searched a while for an solution, and it seems that I need to download the distribution file here http://www.slf4j.org/download.html and "add the jar to the classpath"? I am confused: wouldn't Maven download that automatically? How can I "add the jar to the classpath"? I am a real beginner here. Many thanks for your help!

A: As I had run to very similar issue, I write what my problem was:
I copied a wrong maven dependency from the internet (example).
It was only in test scope.. Oh Dear..
<scope>test</scope>

So after remove scope test section started to work as expected. :)

A: You said you are new to Maven and have added the dependency in POM.
Now I am assuming that, you are assuming that, just because you added something in pom.xml, the dependent jars will be available for build.
Maven does not work that way. It points to a common repository from where you have to download the dependent jars (which happens when you do an mvn install)
After you mvn install works fine, you may use this src to setup in your eclipse IDE either by using mvn eclipse:eclipse or using an eclipse maven plugin.
So, after you added the dependency, run following command from where your project is located
mvn clean install;

Your jars should be downloaded from maven to your local directory something like:

C:\Users\user.m2\repository

A: You also need dependency to slf4j-api
Also, if you use eclipse, it might be the case - try to update project.


text:
v0.9.0

Overview
--------
logback-android-ndk is a NDK wrapper for logback-android, if you are using logback for your apps, it is easily to send logs to file on Java, but if your app also used NDK, you need this library to help you mix the Java logs and NDK logs into logback.

Quick Start
--------
1. Copy native library logger into your NDK project
2. Add logger library as static library in Android.mk
'''
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += liblogger
'''
3. Define log output type in Android.mk
'''
ifeq ($(NDK_DEBUG),1)
LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DLOG_OUTPUT_LOGCAT
else
LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DLOG_OUTPUT_LOGBACK
endif
'''
4. Modify JNI_OnLoad() and JNI_OnUnload()
```
extern "C" jint
JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM * vm, void * reserved)
{
    JNIEnv * env = NULL;
    if (JNI_OK == vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4)) {
        logback_init(vm, env);
    }
}

extern "C" void
JNI_OnUnload(JavaVM * vm, void * reserved)
{
    JNIEnv * env = NULL;
    if (JNI_OK == vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4)) {
        logback_uninit(env);
    }
}
```
5. Add com.rex.logger.NdkLogger into your Java source folder

ProGuard
--------
Refer to logback-android, you need to keep for slf4j and logback
```
-keep class ch.qos.** { *; }
-keep class org.slf4j.** { *; }
-keepatributes *Annotation*
```

And ignore warning if you don't use mailing features of logback
```
-dontwarn ch.qos.logback.core.net.*
```

Add ProGuard annotation supports into your project
Or
Keep the wrapper class in proguard rules manually
```
-keep class com.rax.logger.** { *; }
```

Best Practices
--------
Coming soon


text:
Publications / Studies
May 30, 2007 | Font size: 75% 100% 125% 150%
By Dr. Ryan S. Olson and Michael D. LaFaive
We provide a step-by-step description of the process of developing a budget in Michigan's conventional public school districts. For various reasons, charter schools and intermediate school districts are not part of this discussion.
Graphic 26: Budget Process Flow Chart
Both charter schools and intermediate school districts are subject to the requirements of the Uniform Budgeting and Accounting Act, the Michigan Public School Accounting Manual, GASB standards and other state budget and accounting laws. Nevertheless, charter schools are generally much smaller than conventional local school districts and may need less time to gather data and reach consensus. At the same time, charter schools must satisfy any additional budget and accounting requirements promulgated by the schools' authorizers. These requirements may vary depending on the authorizer and may lead to different budget timelines.[ccxvi]
Intermediate school districts, on the other hand, must track not only their internal expenditures, but numerous, complex financial and budgeting interactions with their constituent local school districts. ISD accounting and budgeting requirements outside the description provided below go beyond the scope of this primer.[ccxvii]
The budget process described here for conventional public school districts is not an exact timeline for any single district. While the state does place certain mandates on school districts to ensure responsible budgeting, the state does not always stipulate the process through which these mandates should be met.
For instance, the state requires that a school board hold a final budget meeting to approve the budget and that the board notify the public of this meeting in advance. Some districts may do only this much, while others, such as the Traverse City Area Public Schools, actually visit local civic groups to explain the district's budget projections for the forthcoming year and solicit feedback before the final budget meeting. In addition, districts employ different numbers of central office administrators. Some districts have a superintendent, business officers and academic officers; other districts have only a superintendent. Hence, the budget process can be as varied as the 552 conventional public school districts themselves.
In addition, not all districts possess a written description of their budget process. District business officials and superintendents may be able to rely on their own institutional knowledge of the process and have little need to outline the steps formally. Still, many districts have formalized the process in written documents, and their schedules, along with our interviews with dozens of district officials, allow us to provide a general description of the budget process that occurs in Michigan school districts.
District budgeting for the next fiscal year is usually based on several factors:
an evaluation of existing and proposed educational programs, as well as any programs newly mandated by the Michigan Legislature or by the local school board;
a review of the district's financial reports and audits from the immediately preceding fiscal year and a review of current fiscal year accounts to determine the district's financial strength;
a review of current and upcoming employee union negotiations and contracts; and
projected revenues for the next fiscal year.
Different districts will place varying degrees of emphasis on the four factors listed above. Some might emphasize the educational program reviews described in point No. 1 above. Such districts might use "program budgeting," which is described by the Michigan School Business Officials organization as budgeting in which "[d]istrict funds are organized according to their specific objective or purpose."[367] These districts might also use "zero-based budgeting," in which "[a]ll budget categories must be completely rejustified each fiscal year to ... improve organizational and fiscal efficiency."[368]
Other districts might emphasize the projected revenues described in point No. 4 above. Such districts might employ "incremental budgeting," in which each line item receives similar percentage increases or decreases.[369] Yet other districts might combine revenue and program concerns, perhaps using "line item budgeting," in which "[e]ach line item receives separate consideration and may be increased or decreased by different amounts." [ccxviii][370]
Regardless, one milestone in the local school district budget process is the governor's budget recommendations for the coming fiscal year, since these help the districts project district revenues for the coming year. These recommendations are typically made in early February. Another milestone is the state's January "Consensus Revenue Estimating Conference" (see "Revenue Estimating Conference.") The conference produces estimates of expected revenue to the state and all of its funds, such as the state's general fund and school aid fund. The general fund is the state money over which Michigan legislators have the most discretion, and they may allocate some of it to public schools. As discussed earlier, however, the vast majority of public school money comes from the state school aid fund. For district budget officers, the school aid fund estimate is the more important of the two. In fiscal 2007, the school aid fund totaled approximately $13.1 billion,[371] according to the Michigan House Fiscal Agency.
Once such numbers are announced by the revenue estimating conference, school officials typically begin to forecast the district's revenues for the coming fiscal year or update their own existing projections, since many districts will have begun to make such revenue projections in the autumn of the previous calendar year. For instance, the January 2006 edition of the Michigan School Business Officials monthly newsletter published predictions for a $7,075 state foundation allowance in fiscal 2007; this projection was originally made by a group of 59 Grand Valley School Business Officials (from western Michigan) in November 2005.[372]
Such estimates, which can include projected school cost increases,[ccxix] may be used by other school district business officials when preparing a budget. One business officer remarked in an interview with the authors that district business officials frequently contact each other to discuss possible future school revenues long before the state estimates are released (there are about 1,900 members of the MSBO in the state).[ccxx][373]
Hence, the budget process often begins as early as the autumn of the year before the new school fiscal year begins,[ccxxi] frequently when the audit of the previous year's budget is complete. For instance, in August 2007 (which falls in fiscal 2008), districts will receive from outside private accountants a complete audit of the fiscal 2007 budget year, which will have finished in June 2007 (audits must be filed with the state treasurer by Nov. 15 each year[374]). At that point, many district officials will immediately commence building their budgets for fiscal 2009. That process will continue until the local board of education approves the budget.
Graphic 26 provides a flow chart based on the authors' research of numerous Michigan districts. Many districts employ timelines or calendars, complete with critical dates, to guide their planning; the Detroit City School District posts its calendar online in its adopted budget.[375]
[ccxvi] Readers interested in the budget process for charter schools may wish to review the Michigan Council of Charter School Authorizers' "Public School Academy Oversight and Accountability Standards," (Michigan Council of Charter School Authorizers, 2005), www.mccsa.us/pdf/MCCSA_04_AccStds_11.pdf (accessed April 20, 2007).
[ccxvii] For more on ISD budgeting, see, for example, "Accounting and Fiscal Reporting Requirements for Intermediate School District Use of Special Education Funds," State Board of Education, 1993.
[ccxviii] This discussion is not meant to imply that the district's method of budgeting — program budgeting, incremental budgeting and so on — is determined by the emphasis the district may place on any one of the four factors listed above. For a complete list of budget methods a district might use, see "MSBO School Finance Reference Manual," (Michigan School Business Officials, 2007), 7-3.
[ccxix] For instance, the officials also predicted an 18 percent increase in the cost of employee health insurance and a 10 percent to 15 percent increase in the cost of energy in fiscal 2007. See "A message from your president: Budgeting for 2006-2007," (Michigan School Business Officials, 2006), 2, www.msbo.org/publications/newsletter/2006/Jan06.pdf (accessed Jan. 2, 2007).
[ccxx] In the autumn, school business officials may be analyzing numbers from three different budgets simultaneously: the past year's budget, which has been recently audited; the current year's budget, which is usually under revision; and the coming year's budget, which is already being estimated. Midyear revenue corrections from the state may complicate current-year budgets. On April 30, 2007, just as this primer was going to press, the governor issued an executive order that reduced the basic foundation grant by $122 for fiscal 2007; see "Cut May Force Schools To Close Early," MIRS Capitol Capsule, April 30, 2007. (Membership required.)
[ccxxi] Recall that the school's fiscal year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30. Fiscal 2007 thus began on July 1, 2006.
Previous Section | Next Section
SKU: S2007-04
A Brief Overview of the Structure of Michigan's Public School System
Appropriations for K-12 Education
Local Receipt and Expenditure
State Aid Financial Status Reports
Districts' Receipt of Funds
School District Budgeting
General Format of a School Budget
The Government Accounting Standards Board
Step 1: Local Program Review and Preliminary Revenue Forecasts (August-November)
Step 2: Request Early Cost Estimates (September-December)
Steps 3 and 3A: Board of Education Workshop and Budget Submissions (January-February)
Step 4: Central Office Review (March-April)
Step 5: Budget Review With Board of Education (April-May)
Step 6: Preparation of Final Budget (April-May)
Step 7: Adoption of Final Budget (June)
Expenditure Reporting
Fund Balance
School District Financial Audits
Appendix 1: U.S. Department of Education Spending in Michigan
Appendix 2: Summary of 'Durant' Court Decisions
Appendix 3: Guide to a New School Finance Electronic Module


I was thinking a lot about all Photoshop actions and GIF exports. General conclusion is that you need to know Photoshop to use it in the right way. So I decided to find the solution that will be supereasy and will give really fast and spectacular effects.
Project is a one PSD file (you don't need to import any action, pattern, etc.) and you need to edit one Smart Object to create glitch effect that is ready to go. Drag & Drop and it's ready - simple.
there are 8 different glitch effects included. You can choose which one fit your needs or if you like to work in Photoshop you can edit every part of the design - all layers are editable and well described.
Project gives you an opportunity to export your ready image as a JPG, PNG or GIF animation with few steps.


text:
Capitals re-sign C Backstrom to 5-year, $46M deal
Reuters | Updated: 14-01-2020 21:14 IST | Created: 14-01-2020 21:10 IST
File photo Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons
The Washington Capitals re-signed center Nicklas Backstrom to a five-year, $56 million contract on Monday. He was in the final year of a 10-year, $67 million deal signed in 2010. The new agreement carries an average annual value of $9.2 million.
Backstrom, 32, is the franchise's all-time leader in assists (668) and trails only teammate Alex Ovechkin (1,255) in points (908). The Capitals won the 2018 Stanley Cup Finals, defeating the Vegas Golden Knights in five games. "I'm really excited to be here for another five years," Backstrom said in a video posted to the team's official Twitter account. "Fans, you guys have been treating me and my family great. I want to say 'Thanks' to the organization as well. They believe in me and they've been treating me great since I got here, too. Let's go win some more championships."
Backstrom is the only active NHL player with at least 50 assists in each of the last six seasons. He has 26 assists and nine goals in 39 games entering Thursday's home game against the New Jersey Devils.
Drafted fourth overall by Washington in 2006, the Swedish star has scored 240 goals in 934 games since making his debut in 2007-08. Backstrom also has 106 points (36 goals, 70 assists) in 123 playoff games.
(This story has not been edited by Devdiscourse staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
After losing the Spanish Super Cup final, Barcelona is also in danger of losing Lionel Messi for an extended period after he hit an opponent toward the end of the match.Messi could be suspended for up to 12 games for the red card he receive...
Officials in the upscale Swiss mountain resort of St Moritz quarantined employees and guests of two luxury hotels, closed ski schools and kept schoolchildren home on Monday after a dozen positive tests for a highly infectious coronavirus va...
Ahead of talks, Agriculture Minister Tomar appeals to farmer unions to call off tractor rally
Union Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar on Monday hoped that protesting farmer unions will discuss alternatives other than the repeal of the new farm laws in the tenth round of talks and appealed to them not to go ahead with their t...
U.S. plans to sanction Russian vessel involved in Nord Stream 2 - Handelsblatt
The United States has informed the German government that it plans to sanction Russian vessel Fortuna, which is involved in construction of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, and its owner KVT-RUS, German business daily Handelsblatt reported o...


text:
* `{foo=bar, baz=quux}` denotes http form data (in the body of the request).

Full Api spec:

    user_create  <user_label> <password>
    user_delete  <user_label>
    [PUT]    /user/<user_label> {password=<password>}
    [DELETE] /user/<user_label>

    project_create <project_label>
    project_delete <project_label>
    [PUT]    /project/<project_label>
    [DELETE] /project/<project_label>

    network_create <network_label> <proj_creator> <proj_access> <net_id>
    network_delete <network_label>
    [PUT]    /network/<network_label> {creator=<proj_creator>,
                                       access=<proj_access>,
                                       net_id=<net_id>}
    [DELETE] /network/<network_label>

    headnode_create <hn_label> <project_label> <base_img>
    headnode_delete <hn_label>
    headnode_start <hn_label>
    headnode_stop <hn_label>
    [PUT]    /headnode/<hn_label> {project=<project_label>, base_img=<base_img>}
    [DELETE] /headnode/<hn_label>
    [POST] /headnode/<hn_label>/start
    [POST] /headnode/<hn_label>/stop

    project_connect_node <project_label> <node_label>
    project_detach_node  <project_label> <node_label>
    [POST] /project/<project_label>/connect_node {node=<node_label>}
    [POST] /project/<project_label>/detach_node {node=<node_label>}

    node_connect_network <node_label> <nic_label> <network_label>
    node_detach_network  <node_label> <nic_label>
    [POST] /node/<node_label>/nic/<nic_label>/connect_network {network=<network_label>}
    [POST] /node/<node_label>/nic/<nic_label>/detach_network

    node_power_cycle <node_label>
    [POST] /node/<node_label>/power_cycle

    headnode_create_hnic <headnode_label> <hnic_label>
    headnode_delete_hnic <headnode_label> <hnic_label>
    [PUT]    /headnode/<hn_label>/hnic/<hnic_label>
    [DELETE] /headnode/<hn_label>/hnic/<hnic_label>

    headnode_connect_network <hn_label> <hnic_label> <network_label>
    headnode_detach_network  <hn_label> <hnic_label>
    [POST] /headnode/<hn_label>/hnic/<hnic_label>/connect_network {network=<network_label>}
    [POST] /headnode/<hn_label>/hnic/<hnic_label>/detach_network

    node_register <node_label>
    node_delete   <node_label>
    [PUT]    /node/<node_label>
    [DELETE] /node/<node_label>

    node_register_nic <node_label> <nic_label> <mac_addr>
    node_delete_nic   <node_label> <nic_label>
    [PUT]    /node/<node_label>/nic/<nic_label> {mac_addr=<mac_addr>}
    [DELETE] /node/<node_label>/nic/<nic_label>

    port_register  <port_no>
    port_delete    <port_no>
    [PUT]    /port/<port_no>
    [DELETE] /port/<port_no>

    port_connect_nic <port_no> <node_label> <nic_label>
    port_detach_nic  <port_no>
    [POST] /port/<port_no>/connect_nic
    [POST] /port/<port_no>/detach_nic

    import_vlan <network_label> <vlan_label>
    block_user <user_label>
    unblock_user <user_label>

    list_free_nodes -> ["<node1_name>", "<node2_name>", ...]
    [GET] /free_nodes

    list_project_nodes <project> -> ["<node1_name>", "<node2_name>", ...]
    [GET] /project/<project>/nodes

    show_node <node> ->
        {
            "name": "box02",
            "free": true,
            "nics": ["ipmi", "pxe", "external",...]
        }
    [GET] /node/<node>

    show_headnode <headnode> ->
        {
            "name": "hn04",
            "project": "projectname",
            "nics": ["ipmi", "pxe", "public", ...]
        }
    [GET] /headnode/<headnode>


We truly are a grassroots program. We are not attached to a bigger "Empower Youth" network somewhere that we make withdrawals from like an ATM. Everything we do, we raise. Everything we do, we raise.
Do we have grant money? Grants we less than 10% of our yearly budget this year. In comparison to other non-profits that's pretty much right on par. We don't count on grants to fund us, but we sure do enjoy the breather when we receive them.
Our Executive Directors, Scott and Lori Conley, along with our board members are responsible for fundraising. It's a hard job. At this time we do not have anyone paid to work for us. Every hour on the phone, in meetings, or making presentations are donated by this team. As new directors are added, fundraising will always be part of the job.
Our executive director writes letters… lots of them. One of our board members applies for grants, lots of them. Our board of directors give personally. All the board members work on projects trying to do food drives and raise money. Our executive director posts alot on facebook. Our executive director makes phone calls.
How do we currently pay our bills? People write monthly checks. People donate monthly through paypal by pushing the donate button on facebook or on our donate webpage. 4 churches have put us in their budget for 2017. 3 have us in their budget now.
WE MAKE EVERY PENNY COUNT. But what's amazing is that because of our partnerships with other non-profits, our donations of actual items like groceries and Christmas Elf gifts, our company sponsorships and donations as well as the donated talent pool we estimate that we have actually produced a program this year worth over $250,000.
We spend what we have every month. At the end of the month we carry over a balance between $1000- $1500. That's just enough money to keep us alive until the next month's checks come in.
So why do we tell you this, because you need to know that this community initiative makes it just like many of you do…. we aren't working from abundance…yet every month we pay all our bills on time.
Why? Because folks, businesses, churches are compelled to do big things through us!
So would you like to be a part of this? It's a work in progress every month. I guarantee if you join up… you will have great stories to tell. You will watch lives change. And then…you will realize you've changed….
We want to see youth be successful in life.
• And the ability to contribute to the community.


MUNDELEIN, Ill. -- Catholic bishops from across the U.S. are gathering for a week-long retreat near Chicago ahead of a global summit on the widespread sexual abuse scandals facing the church.
Organizers say the retreat at the largest seminary in the country will focus on prayer and spiritual reflection, but no policies will be formed. Those decisions will be made at a critically-important World Bishop's conference in February, where the Vatican is expected to formulate new policies and guidelines addressing sexual abuse by clergy members.
These meetings follow reports in Illinois and Pennsylvania that alleged church leaders were negligent in reporting sexual abuse to authorities. In December, Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan accused the church of failing to disclose at least 500 clergy members accused of sexually abusing children in the state. A Pennsylvania grand jury recently found that hundreds of priests abused at least 1,000 children over seven decades.
As bishops start to gather, groups like the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) and Ending Clergy Abuse are holding demonstrations to call for accountability.
"The church has a history of minimizing and denying the unbelievable pain and horror of being sexually abused by a priest," said Patricia Gallagher Marchant, SNAP.
Critics at the Chicago Archdiocese offices are denouncing church leadership for what they say has been the unforgivable failure to protect children victimized by predatory priests.
Cardinal Daniel DiNardo of the Galveston-Houston Texas archdiocese is asking the faithful for prayers as they take on the difficult task of rooting out what DiNardo calls a, "terrible evil" from the Catholic Church.
"We're at a crossroads here, where there has to be recommitment to fidelity on the part of everybody in the church, and then honesty, which leads to credibility," said Father Rocky Hoffman, Relevant Radio.


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Bills look far from 'Super' against Steelers (Week 1 report card)
Updated: Sep. 13, 2021, 7:17 a.m. | Published: Sep. 13, 2021, 6:00 a.m.
NFL Week 1: Buffalo Bills vs. Pittsburgh Steelers
By Ryan Talbot | rtalbot@nyup.com
Before the Buffalo Bills hosted the Pittsburgh Steelers in Week 1, three of the four members of CBS Network's The NFL Today picked Buffalo to represent the AFC in Super Bowl LVI.
Those predictions could certainly come true, but the Bills looked far from "Super" in their matchup against the Steelers. Buffalo's defense came ready to play, but the same could not be said about the offense or the team's special teams unit late in the game. The end result was a 23-16 loss for the Bills.
Now at 0-1, the Bills will travel to Miami to take on the Dolphins, the only team in the AFC East to record a win in Week 1. Before looking ahead to that matchup, here is how the Bills fared on Sunday.
QUARTERBACK: C
Josh Allen was off the mark on a few balls that he would like to have back but the one that really stood out postgame was his overthrow to a wide open Emmanuel Sanders early in the game. Had he hit that pass, the Bills would have led 10-0 early in the game. From there, the game could have had an entirely different outcome but the pass was off the mark. Allen also threw it a bit behind Stefon Diggs on a flea flicker which gave Cam Sutton an opportunity to break up the pass. These are minor things that can be fixed.
A lot of Allen's issues had to do with the pressure that was consistently in his face. We'll talk more about this later.
There was some good for the quarterback. Allen delivered a perfect pass to Gabriel Davis for a touchdown right before the half and the drive itself was phenomenal covering 91 yards on 13 plays.
Allen, however, needs to do a better job protecting the ball. He was stripped on one of his rush attempts which he recovered and was later stripped from behind by T.J. Watt when the team was in Steelers territory.
Allen wasn't great by any stretch of the imagination, but he wasn't the biggest problem with the offense.
RUNNING BACK: B-
You could argue that a lot of Devin Singletary's yards late in the game came with the Steelers playing the pass, but the third year back still did plenty of work to elude defenders and move the chains for Buffalo as they attempted to stay in the game.
When all was said and done, Singletary finished with 72 yards on 11 carries (6.5 YPC). Matt Breida wasn't nearly as effective with just four yards on four carries. Seeing how the Bills manage their backfield this season will be interesting. With Singletary belonging on the field, Buffalo may rotate Breida and Moss on their inactive list.
WIDE RECEIVER/TIGHT END: C+
It wasn't the best day for Buffalo's receivers.
Pittsburgh's secondary limited their opportunities for big plays and Buffalo's receivers had a few uncharacteristic drops on Sunday against the Steelers. Stefon Diggs led the way with 69 yards on nine receptions and Cole Beasley added 60 yards on eight catches. Emmanuel Sanders added 52 yards and Gabriel Davis was responsible for the Bills' lone touchdown (2-40-1).
Although the Bills' receivers did not have the best day, Dawson Knox was a pleasant surprise. Buffalo's No. 1 tight end hauled in all four of his targets for 41 yards.
OFFENSIVE LINE: F
It was just one game, but the Bills' offensive line left a lot to be desired.
Dion Dawkins, the Bills' franchise left tackle, was the worst of the unit with three holding penalties called against him. Dawkins missed some time this offseason due to COVID-19 so all eyes were on Dawkins in Week 1. Needless to say, there is plenty to be concerned about following his performance.
Daryl Williams also drew a holding penalty in the loss and was completely overwhelmed by T.J. Watt. The Steelers defender had two sacks and five quarterback hits with much of his damage coming against Williams.
Morse and Feliciano also drew holding penalties although the call against Morse was not as clear as the holds against the tackles.
That leaves right guard where the Bills rotated Cody Ford and Ike Boettger. It was one week, but it's hard to see how a rotation will benefit the Bills and help the offensive line. Ford played the majority of snaps, but even giving 10 reps to another guard can take a lineman out of his groove. Sooner rather than later, the Bills should pick one of the guards and play them for the duration of the game so that the entire unit can build chemistry.
This unit needs to be a lot better in Week 2 and going forward for the rest of the regular season.
DEFENSIVE LINE: A-
Buffalo's defensive front was outstanding against the run on Sunday despite missing Star Lotulelei. Rookie Najee Harris was a non-factor in the Steelers'win (16-45) as Buffalo's front swarmed the first round pick.
One player who really shined was Ed Oliver. The defensive tackle was everywhere on Sunday and played like the disruptive force that Buffalo expected when they drafted him in the first round of the 2019 NFL Draft.
The line only recorded one sack on Ben Roethlisberger but added five hits.
LINEBACKER: A-
Tremaine Edmunds is a player who receives plenty of criticism from members of the fan base, but the linebacker played very well for the Bills in Week 1. Edmunds recorded four tackles and added a pass defensed as he flew into the backfield on a linebacker blitz. Edmunds also came close to hauling in an interception on a pass that was deflected into the air.
Matt Milano four tackles as well (1 TFL) and had one pass defensed for the Bills defense. Milano also deserves credit for tackling Najee Harris on a reception near the goal line on a 3rd and goal play.
CORNERBACK: B-
Ben Roethlisberger doesn't possess the arm talent that he used to so he throws passes up to his playmakers in the hopes that they will make a play on the ball. To Roethlisberger's credit, it worked with Chase Claypool, Diontae Johnson and JuJu Smith-Schuster making some big plays for the Steelers offense in the second half. It also led to some penalties getting called on Tre'Davious White and Levi Wallace.
White's holding penalty negated an interception he made with the Bills up 10-0. There was some contact with the defender, but it was minor compared to Stefon Diggs getting hooked earlier in the game for no call on a long ball where he pleaded for a flag to no avail. Wallace's penalties were more costly as they allowed the Steelers to pull away late in the game.
Taron Johnson, however, was a bright spot with seven total tackles and two passes defensed in the loss.
There will be talk about the Bills' No. 2 cornerback spot if Wallace doesn't turn things around in Week 2.
SAFETY: A
Jordan Poyer and Micah Hyde were outstanding for the Bills. Poyer sacked Roethlisberger in the loss and finished with six total tackles in the game. Micah Hyde added six tackles and one pass defensed for Buffalo. This duo always comes ready to play.
SPECIAL TEAMS: C
This grade is a bit tricky as Isaiah McKenzie opened the game with a 75-yard return and Tyler Bass was perfect on the day (3/3 FG, 1/1 XP). The coverage units were also solid for Buffalo and Matt Haack had a few decent punts.
The grade, however, has to drop a bit after Haack had a punt blocked late in the game that was returned for a touchdown that essentially put the game away. Haack took a long time to get the kick off and by the time he tried to get it off the Steelers were surrounding him. Of course, plenty of the blame goes to the blocking in front of Haack as they let multiple defenders fly right up the middle on the play.
COACHING: D
Buffalo's defense was outstanding in the first half and very strong overall. The unit kept Buffalo in the game so Leslie Frazier deserves some props for his playcalling.
Sean McDermott and Brian Daboll left much to be desired, however. McDermott seemed to make all the wrong calls in terms of when to be aggressive on fourth down and when to attempt to get points via Tyler Bass' leg.
Daboll deserves plenty of blame in the loss. Buffalo's offense looked choppy throughout the game and Daboll failed to make changes in-game. The offensive coordinator's playcall on 4th and 1 was really questionable considering you have Josh Allen as your quarterback. Instead of a QB sneak, Allen paused and throw the ball behind him. Cam Sutton was ready for the play and stopped it for a loss of seven. He also went to the designed QB run far too many times. Buffalo's OL was struggling to block for the QB so the idea in theory makes sense as the back could be an additional blocker, but the Steelers were ready for the play time and again.
Daboll has shown that he can scheme with the best coordinators in the league so we'll just chalk this one up to a bad day at the office.
Bills' high-powered offense humbled by Steelers; Josh Allen: 'We're going to learn from this'
T.J. Watt dominates, Bills offense disappoints in Buffalo's 23-16 loss in opener (8 observations)
Josh Allen, Bills struggle in Week 1 loss to Steelers (6 reasons to be encouraged, 7 reasons to be worried)
Bills stumble in season opener, lose to Pittsburgh Steelers
They call him Dirty Red: How Bills' fearless kick coverage man thrives in the chaos
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Robert Knox ″Jack″ Cope (3 June 1913 – 1 May 1991) was a South African novelist, short story writer, poet and editor.

Life
Jack Cope was born in Natal, South Africa and home-schooled by tutors. From the age of 12, he boarded at Durban High School in Durban, afterwards becoming a journalist on Natal Mercury and then a political correspondent in London for South African newspapers. At the outbreak of the Second World War, in a state of some disillusionment, he returned to South Africa. He moved to Cape Town, where he worked for the Marxist Guardian newspaper from 1941 to 1955, in various capacities including cultural critic and, at one stage, general editor.

For many years, Cope was sympathetic to Communism and the Soviet Union. His Communist sympathies ended, however, with disillusionment after the revelation of Joseph Stalin's crimes in Nikita Khrushchev's Secret Speech.

He married his second cousin, the artist Lesley De Villiers in 1942. They separated in 1958 and were divorced in the early 1960s.  They had two sons, Raymond, (1948–1977) and Michael (born 1952).

Jack Cope is well known for his romantic attachment (ca. 1960-1964) to Afrikaans language poet Ingrid Jonker, who is known as South Africa's answer to Sylvia Plath. After Jonker committed suicide in 1965, Cope edited a posthumous anthology of her last poems and translated a selection of them into English.

Fiction

Cope published eight novels, more than a hundred short stories, and three collections of poetry, the last one in association with C.J. Driver. For twenty years, beginning in 1960, he edited Contrast, a literary magazine bilingual in English and Afrikaans. He co-edited The Penguin Book of South African Verse (1968) with Uys Krige and, as general editor throughout much of the 1970s, produced the Mantis editions of Southern African poets. In 1980 he moved to England, where he published The Adversary Within: Dissident Writers in Afrikaans (1982) and his Selected Stories (1986).

Cope's first novel, The Fair House (1955), considers the Bambata Rebellion of 1906 in an attempt to account for the later racial and political conditions in South Africa. Later novels, including The Golden Oriole (1958), Albino (1964), and The Rain-Maker (1971), chronicle the white man's destruction of black culture and the ensuing struggle by the blacks to regain their pride and identity.

However, it is as a short-story writer that Cope demonstrated his finest talent. His stories evoke, according to Alan Paton, 'with a few words the scents and sounds and colours of our country'. In A Crack in the Sky (The Tame Ox, 1960) and 'Power' (The Man Who Doubted and Other Stories, 1967) his moral vision is clear; his third collection, Alley Cat and Other Stories (1973), contains darker themes such as those of alienation and loneliness. Among Cope's main achievements was his influence on South African literature during the 1960s and 1970s, important years in the struggle against apartheid.

In popular culture
The 2011 film Black Butterflies  tells the story of the relationship between Ingrid Jonker and Jack Cope, who is portrayed onscreen by Irish actor Liam Cunningham.

Selected bibliography
Marie: A South African Satire (1948)
The Golden Oriole (1958)
The Road To Ysterberg: A Novel (1959)
The Penguin Book Of South African Verse (Co- editor) (1968)
The Dawn Comes Twice (1969)
The Rain-Maker (1971)
The Africa We Knew (1973)
Lacking A Label (1974)
My Son Max (1977)
Notes Recorded in Sun (1979)
The Adversary Within: Dissident Writers In Afrikaans (1982)

References
Jack Cope at the Contemporary African Database
 Zug, J: The Guardian: the history of South Africa's extraordinary anti-apartheid newspaper, Michigan State University Press, 2007

1913 births
1991 deaths
South African people of British descent
White South African anti-apartheid activists
South African poets
20th-century poets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Check out time is 2:00 pm. Pets who check out after 2:00 pm will be charged a $35.00 daycare fee.
Agility training is all about building a common language between dog and owner. It teaches you to use body language to communicate clearly and effectively.
We'll meet in the Nordstrom's parking lot (corner of Vineyard & Sand Hill Rd). From there we'll proceed through the most pet friendly mall in northern California. Your pups will be treated like rock stars by the patroons and merchants alike. So give them their day in the sun and come out and join the Cooperhaus fun pack.
Sunday DogTalk Social - Hapas Brewing Co.
San Jose, CA 95126..... We'll meet in front of the Hapas Brewing Co. . We'll proceed inside of Hapas for a Q&A with the trainer. It's an opportunity for you and your dog to enjoy a cold crafted beer and demonstrate good dog and handler restaurant etiquette. So make sure you bring a few extra dollars so you can select something for you to enjoy as we talk dog.
We will meet at Sports Basement and continue through the Pruneyard working on various obedience exercises.
1875 S Bascom Ave #240, Campbell, CA 95008.......We'll meet in front of Sports Basement and proceed inside to do a little shopping/socializing. From there, we'll make our way over to Pet Food Express and back to the Pruneyard with many stops along the journey. Test you and your pup's skills in an environment that is much different than what you experience in the controlled Cooperhaus facility.
377 Santana Row, San Jose, CA 95128......We'll meet in the front of the Splunk building. From there, we'll proceed through the shopping venue where we are certainly going to encounter some challenging but fun situations.


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Andre Chapman
#8 Defensive Midfield - Utah Valley
5' 11" Height
Hometown: Lehi, UT
High School: Skyridge
Major: General
Eligibility: Freshman
2021 Utah Valley 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
2020 Utah Valley 43 5 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
02/20/2021 @ Concordia-Irvine W 10-7 0 0 0 0 0
02/26/2021 @ Adams State University W 14-7 3 0 1 0 0
03/05/2021 Minnesota W 18-14 0 0 0 0 0
03/06/2021 @ Grand Canyon L 11-12 1 0 0 0 0
03/27/2021 @ Boise State W 14-9 0 0 0 0 0
03/29/2021 Dominican W 11-10 2 0 0 0 0
04/03/2021 Concordia-Irvine L 11-12 2 0 0 0 0
04/10/2021 @ Chapman L 7-11 0 0 0 0 0
04/09/2021 @ Concordia-Irvine L 12-15 1 0 0 0 0
04/15/2021 @ Westminster College L 10-13 1 0 0 0 0
02/01/2020 Boise State W 11-4 1 0 0 0 0
02/08/2020 Utah State W 20-6 1 0 0 0 0
02/14/2020 Nevada W 15-6 2 0 0 0 0
02/19/2020 @ Auburn L 9-12 0 0 0 0 0
02/21/2020 @ Georgia Tech W 9-8 1 0 0 0 0


Palmer & Manuel has a team of commercial litigators with an unparalleled depth of experience. Our foremost goal is to serve the clients' interests as efficiently and cost effectively as possible. To that end, we have achieved results for our clients through negotiated settlements as well as through full dismissals obtained in the litigation process. Attorneys at Palmer & Manuel PLLC have decades of experience representing developers and regional centers in state and federal litigation matters defending breach of contract, fraud, and other claims, as well as prosecuting counterclaims on behalf of the project sponsors.
Represented a successful dismissal of all claims (totaling $11 million) in federal court.
Ronald Rohde has spent the past ten years representing investors, developers and regional centers in all aspects of fund raising and brings this unique approach to crafting legal arguments and proposing settlements. Ron is experienced in defending EB-5 investor immigration cases and negotiating settlements.
Jeffrey R. Sandberg is a former Briefing Attorney at the Fifth District Court of Appeals at Dallas, Texas for the Honorable Tom James and Carolyn Wright, Justices. Jeff has over twenty-five years of legal experience representing state and federal clients in a variety of complex real estate, commercial and workout litigation.
Palmer & Manuel, PLLC is located at Campbell Centre, 8350 N. Central Expressway, Suite 1111, Dallas, Texas 75206. The firm can be contacted at +1 (214) 242-6444.


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Die Boeing 367-80 ist der vierstrahlige Flugzeug-Prototyp sowohl für die erfolgreiche Passagierjet-Modellreihe Boeing 707 als auch für die in fast ebenso großer Stückzahl gebauten militärischen Transporter der C-135-Familie. Das 1954 vorgestellte Einzelstück mit dem zivilen Luftfahrzeugkennzeichen N70700 wurde zwar als "367-80" bezeichnet, basierte aber nicht auf der propellergetriebenen Boeing 367 und wird deshalb meist nur "Dash 80" bzw. "Strich 80" genannt. Der Prototyp wurde bis 1972 für Tests verwendet, etwa für Bauteile der Boeing 727 oder des Überschall-Projektes Boeing 2707, und ist bei Washington ausgestellt.

Geschichte
Anfang der 1950er Jahre reiften bei Boeing Pläne für ein Passagierflugzeug mit dem damals neuartigen Strahlantrieb. Um die abschätzbar hohen Entwicklungskosten nicht alleine aufbringen zu müssen, versuchte der Hersteller von Anfang an, auch die US Air Force (USAF) als Abnehmer zu gewinnen.

Boeing nannte seinen Entwurf Model 367-80, in Anlehnung an sein Modell 367, das als C-97 bei der US-Luftwaffe auch als Tankflugzeug KC-97 im Einsatz stand. Intern bezeichnete Boeing das Projekt schon früh als 707, benutzte nach außen aber weiterhin den Namen 367-80. Die USAF zeigte zunächst jedoch kein Interesse, und so entschied sich Boeing, auf eigenes Risiko einen Prototyp zu bauen. Ende August 1952 begann die Herstellung, die mit dem Rollout schon am 14. Mai 1954 endete. Das meist nur kurz Dash 80 (englisch dash: Bindestrich) genannte Flugzeug flog trotz zwischenzeitlicher Fahrwerkspanne bereits zwei Monate später am 15. Juli erstmals. Bis dahin hatte Boeing 16 Millionen US-Dollar investiert. Schon bald erhielt die Maschine eine Betankungseinrichtung mit starrem Ausleger, die der Air Force überzeugend vorgeführt wurde, so dass sie am 3. August 1954 die ersten 29 Exemplare der KC-135A als kombiniertes Transport-/Tankflugzeug bestellte. Gegenüber der Dash 80 wurden die militärischen Serienmodelle erheblich modifiziert und weiterentwickelt. So erhielten sie auf Forderung der Air Force hin einen um 30 cm breiteren Rumpf.

Nach einem zivilen Demonstrationsflug im August 1955, bei dem der Pilot eigenmächtig zwei Fassrollen vorführte, waren auch die großen US-Fluggesellschaften von der Leistungsfähigkeit des Modells überzeugt. Pan Am machte am 13. Oktober 1955 den Anfang und bestellte 20 Maschinen des auf der Dash 80 basierenden neuen Typs 707-120. Um in der Kabine anstatt zwei und drei Sitzen je Reihe drei und drei Sitze unterbringen zu können, musste der Rumpf allerdings nochmals um 10 Zentimeter gegenüber der KC-135 verbreitert werden. Die neue zivile Baureihe erhielt nun auch offiziell die Modellnummer 707 und war damit der erste zivile Flugzeugtyp von Boeing mit der inzwischen klassischen 7X7-Bezeichnung. Am 20. Dezember 1957 fand der Erstflug einer 707-120 statt, die Auslieferung an die Fluggesellschaften begann im August 1958.

Die militärische Baureihe wurde intern als Model 717 bezeichnet, weshalb auf die 707 keine 717, sondern die Boeing 727 folgte. Nachdem Boeing und McDonnell Douglas Mitte 1997 fusionierten, trägt die McDonnell Douglas MD-95 seit Anfang 1998 offiziell die Bezeichnung Boeing 717.

Der Prototyp Dash 80 mit dem Kennzeichen N70700 diente Boeing weiterhin als Testflugzeug. Es erhielt zwischenzeitlich unter anderem ein fünftes Triebwerk am Heck, um diese Anordnung für die Boeing 727 zu erproben, es flog mit bis zu drei verschiedenen Triebwerkstypen gleichzeitig und man experimentierte mit anderen Fahrwerken, Lackierungen, Klappensystemen und Radarantennen. Nach rund 3000 Flugstunden wurde es 1972 in den Ruhestand geschickt und dem National Air and Space Museum des Smithsonian übergeben. Anfang der 1990er restaurierte Boeing die Maschine originalgetreu und am 27. August 2003 flog sie zum letzten Mal. Seither ist sie im Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in der Nähe des Washington Dulles International Airports ausgestellt.

Technische Daten

Weblinks

 Die 367-80 im National Air and Space Museum

Langstreckenflugzeug
Vierstrahliges Flugzeug
0367-80
Erstflug 1954


The black-and-white ruffed lemur of Madagascar is endangered due to hunting and to habitat loss. Most primates live in regions with high levels of human poverty and inequality, which contributes to the decline of the animals, says Thomas Gillespie, an Emory expert in the disease ecology of primates.
Urgent action is needed to protect the world's dwindling primate populations, warns a group of 31 leading experts on primate conservation in Science Advances. Sixty percent of the more than 500 primate species worldwide are threatened with extinction, while more than 75 percent have declining populations, the landmark article reports. The authors include scientists and policymakers from the United States, Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa.
"The majority of primate species are endangered now. We are at a turning point where we must take action or lose many species during the next 50 years," says co-author Thomas Gillespie, an associate professor in Emory University's Department of Environmental Sciences and an expert in the disease ecology of primates.
The order primates – ranging from the tiny mouse lemurs of Madagascar to the massive mountain gorillas of Central Africa – is the third most diverse order of mammals, after rodents and bats. Primate species serve as seed dispersers, pollinators, predators and prey to keep ecosystems in balance. For instance, other rare animals – such as jaguars, leopards and harpy eagles – include monkeys in their diets.
Primates are so prevalent in zoos and in media imagery, many people are lulled into a false sense of security and do not realize how scarce they are becoming, Gillespie says.
The Science Advances article details how escalating human activities are putting unsustainable pressures on primates and their habitats, including extensive forest loss due to the expansion of industrial agriculture and large-scale catting ranching, logging, oil and gas drilling, mining, dam building and the construction of road networks for resource extraction.
A young chimpanzee in Gombe Stream National Park, where human misuse of antibiotics is putting the animals at risk for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. "If you help a local human population become healthier, you also reduce the potential for infectious disease in the surrounding wildlife," Gillespie says.
Disease is the main threat to the survival of the endangered chimpanzees of Tanzania's Gombe Stream National Park, made famous by the work of primatologist Jane Goodall, who began observing them during the 1960s.
Work by Gillespie and his colleagues has found that human misuse of antibiotics is putting the Gombe chimpanzees at risk for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The Gillespie lab is one of the few investigating the ecology and epidemiology of infectious disease in natural systems where domesticated animals, humans and wildlife overlap.
Among the pathogens threatening both humans and non-human primates are the malaria species Plasmodium knowlesi, which can cause disease in pigtail macaques in Southeast Asia; Ebola, which affects chimpanzees and gorillas in Africa; and yellow fever, which strikes brown howler monkeys in South America.
Most primates live in regions with high levels of human poverty and inequality, and the co-authors stress the need to improve human health and access to education, while also preserving traditional livelihoods that can contribute to food security and environmental conservation.
"If you help a local human population become healthier, you also reduce the potential for infectious disease in the surrounding wildlife," Gillespie says.
The authors are calling on governmental officials, scientists, non-governmental organizations, businesses and individual citizens to mobilize and raise awareness of the plight of the world's primates.
"If humans continue to alter and degrade habitats such that they are unsuitable for our primate relatives, then these habitats will eventually become unsuitable for ourselves," they conclude.


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Citroën C4 Cactus PureTech 82 first drive review
From £12,5307
Entry-level three-cylinder version with manual gearbox is a good bet for those who want a C4 Cactus with good economy and low running costs
The Citroën C4 Cactus is designed as a more economical C-segment car
The C4 Cactus features a number of novel design touches and has a fresh look
Our test car featured the entry-level three-cylinder 1.2-litre petrol engine
Citroën's claimed weight for this PureTech 82 Cactus is 965kg
Our test car was equipped with the 81bhp engine variant
The transmission is operated using the three buttons on the centre console
Citroën's novel Airbump technology is currently unique to the C4 Cactus
The C4 Cactus is front-wheel-drive only with no specific off-road capabilities
by Nic Cackett
The Citroën C4 Cactus is the new C-segment crossover that will go on sale in the UK in the autumn, tested here with the entry-level three-cylinder 1.2-litre naturally aspirated petrol engine.
This is a new-generation power unit, already known in the Peugeot 208, featuring double variable-valve timing on intake and exhaust ports, plus one balancer shaft, to cancel out as many vibrations as possible.
Compared with the old four-cylinder engine family it replaces, this new three-pot is 25 per cent lighter, internal friction losses are reduced 30 per cent and Citroën claims it emits 25 per cent less CO2.
We drove the naturally aspirated 81bhp version mated to a five-speed manual gearbox. Also available is a 74bhp version and later there will be a turbocharged variant with 109bhp, which promises to be the best option in the new C4 Cactus range.
C4 Cactus is a front-wheel-drive-only crossover with no specific off-road capabilities, made on PSA's Platform 1, the same that underpins Citroën C3, which means MacPherson struts up front and torsion beam in the rear suspension.
It is lighter than any C4 by as much as 200kg. This PureTech 82 Cactus is quoted at 965kg. At 4157mm long its smaller then Citroën C4 (4329mm) but the wheelbase is only 10mm shorter.
Our test car was fitted with 205/55 R16 low rolling resistance tyres, but buyers can opt for 15in rims.
The aim of reducing production costs is easy to spot in the C4 Cactus, for instance, in this PureTech 82 version, front disc brakes are not even ventilated and on the rear wheels there are a pair of drums.
Citroën claims that the car's low weight does not need more than this and during our test route, with some mountain roads, there was no apparent lack of brake power or visible fade, but this is something that we'll have to confirm in the future.
The range has three equipment levels, named Live, Feel and Shine. We've tested the intermediate Feel version, without the armrest between the front seats that when pulled up make the seats look like a sofa.
Some other details are also simplified, but general ambiance is still very different from any other car in the market. It feels expensive and cosy, even if the materials used inside are on the inexpensive side and are let down by three disappointing features: the electric windows in the front doors do not have one-touch auto function, the rear doors have pop-out-only windows and the rear bench folds in one piece. Citroën says this is all to save weight, we say this is to reduce production costs.
There are some interesting features, however. Magic wash is a system that allows a reduction in the size of the windscreen washer bottle by half, saving 1.5 kg. The washer nozzles are built into the tips of the wipers and use less water at each time.
And, of course, the Airbumps, those gigantic plastic panels with air capsules that protect the side panels, are as much a useful item as they are a marketing tool.
And there are a number of optional driving aids, from park assist, reversing camera, hill assist, static cornering lights, panoramic glass roof and cruise control with speed limiter. There's a Multicity connect system that enables downloads of relevant driving apps. We'll have to wait until close to UK market introduction, in October, to know exactly how this will fit in the various versions and optional packs.
First impressions when driving this three-cylinder version come from the good engine-noise insulation. Only at idle or when using higher revs (difficult to gauge because there is no rev counter) is the typical three-pot bark evident.
The five-speed manual gearbox has some well-spaced ratios even if it is not the most precise or quick box in the segment. The low kerb weight is demonstrated in decent in-gear acceleration, which is very useful in city driving where the 16in wheels and soft seats make for a good ride – even if it fails to hit the announced target of recovering the famous comfort of Citroëns from the past.
On the other hand, road holding is much better than expected, considering what Citroën said the model would stand for. It enters corners with precision and a sense of lightness, the benefit of a light engine up front.
Even with smaller low rolling resistance tyres, the dynamic balance is better than the diesel C4 Cactus e-HDI 92 Airdream we also tried. There is not much performance available for a more inspired driving, but it holds well in high-speed corners and is capable of sliding the rear a few degrees, if deliberately provoked, with the nicely weighted steering making for an easy and precise trajectory choice. Stability control does not come on too soon but when it does, it is in a safe and authoritative manner.
Motorway cruising is very stable and easy, the engine noise is low but there is some wind noise coming from the roof rails and mirrors. The announced 70.6mpg average fuel consumption felt more or less realistic, but we'll have to confirm this with a long tour in the future.
Citroën announced that the C4 Cactus running costs are 20 per cent less than an average C-segment hatchback and the manufacturer will offer a lease system inspired by the world of mobile phones. Buyers will be able to opt between a monthly flat-rate or a mileage-based payment, both will cover all expenditures, except fuel. It's a clear approach to younger generations.
If you like the extrovert styling and the PureTech 82 performance is enough, this just might be an interesting car. At an estimated £13 000 for a low-spec version, the C4 Cactus PureTech 82 could be some £3500 more expensive than a comparable two-wheel-drive Dacia Duster 1.6 16V 105, but the cabin is much better.
It would probably be wise to wait for the C4 Cactus PureTech 110 and the turbocharged variant of this same engine before deciding.
Citroën C4 Cactus PureTech 82
Price £13,000 (est); 0-62mph 12.9sec; Top speed 105mph; Economy 70.6mpg; CO2 107g/km; Kerb weight 965kg; Engine 3 cyls, 1199cc, petrol, naturally aspirated; Power 81bhp at 5750rpm; Torque 87 lb/ft at 2750rpm; Gearbox 5-speed manual
RCT V 21 August 2014
. . before they part with even £13k !!
I really did take to this car when it was fist mentioned. The whole shape, idea, and presumed ethos.
I am pretty sure that the simple oblong instrument panel (in front of the driver), is a similar shape to the 2CVs that I remember. The 2CV front windows were also hinged, but horizontally and at half height. There is probably some reason why the Cactus rear windows have to be front hinged, rather than top hinged.
I really don't "get" the ski-roof rails, other than they add some "substance" (height), to what would otherwise be a merely "jacked-up" normal hatchback (photo number 3 of 18).
I've yet to try the vehicle myself, but as merely a "jacked-up" normal hatchback, this implies a legs-forward driving position - rather than the more upright, knees and hips at the 90 degrees angle (that I prefer), which is associated with (true) "cross-overs" and SUVs.
I wish Citroen every success with the Cactus, but customers are going to have to walk-past an awful lot of other cars - before they part with even £13k !!
BigMitch 17 June 2014
Autocar becomes more
Autocar becomes more irrelevant by the day. Comparing this car to a piece of crap Dacia? The love, attention to detail and design in this car surpasses anything that Dacia has produced. I'm surprised you aren't complaining about "Handling on the Limit"
vinylnutter 22 June 2014
I agree Autocar seem to have
I agree Autocar seem to have missed the point. The car has so much more character and looks like a labour of love. Even if its not for everyone. Ultimate handling and speed are becoming less relevant every year and Autocar seems not to have noticed!
I notice there is something of the BMW i3 in the minimal dash design with twin screens too, perhaps a trend developing?
Simplicity is key 15 June 2014
Great comments, shame about the review...
Well done to everyone for realising there is more to life than power slides. We all like ferrari's on a track showing us how they slide and how fast they can go but that's so unrelated to our daily lives it's incredible. Autocar has to evolve a bit otherwise it will become extinct. It was like the article last week on the tesla S. There are other cars that do other things and the cactus is a design game changer. It's fascinating and intelligent. Autocar should relax a little bit and enjoy the scenery from this cool car. For the feel it gives I think it is well priced. I see it as a mini alternative. I drove one in France a weeks ago and it was great. Perfect in size and a real joy. Autocar have totally missed the point. Glad a lot of other people are smart to see that this incredibly interesting and thank god it's not a ford focus.


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