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The Flying Boat Forum from www.seawings.co.uk
Welcome to the first ever Forum dedicated to the history and operations of the world's Flying Boats and their crews brought to you by SEAWINGS. Enjoy your stay and come back often! You are more than welcome to contribute, however small or large. Enjoy!
http://theflyingboatforum.forumlaunch.net/
Chatham Island Sunderland news
http://theflyingboatforum.forumlaunch.net/viewtopic.php?f=16&t=711
by flyernzl
Short S.25 Sunderland Mk.5 NZ4111 was one of 16 Mk.5s bought by the New Zealand Government in 1953.
This aircraft was built by Blackburn at Dumbarton as Mk.V (rather than being converted from a Mk.III as some RNZAF Sunderlands were) and arrived at Lauthala Bay, Fiji from the UK 6Sep53,
NZ4111 served with 6Sdn RNZAF as KN-D
Its first recorded incident took place when NZ4111 ran aground on coral reef Nukunono Lagoon, Tokelau Islands, 24Aug55. Salvaged, it was flown back to Fiji 12Sep and repaired.
A more serious incident took place in November 1959. NZ4111 had flown to the Chatham Islands on one of the regular servicing flights that took place around that time, landing on the Te Whanga Lagoon.
After offloading passengers and cargo, the aircraft was taxiing to the start of the take-off run when the fuselage hit an uncharted rock. Although the aircraft was able to be beached under its own power, damage was so severe that the Sunderland never flew again.
The RNZAF removed valuable equipment at that time, and the aircraft was left to the islanders. Sections were dismantled and moved inland. some further parts recovered by were RNZAF Museum early-1994, remainder still onsite.
Very recently, efforts are being made to reassemble what remains in the area, as this news report indicates:
"Chatham Islands' historic lifeline comes together
By KIRAN CHUG - The Dominion Post
More than 50 years after the Chatham Islands' lifeline to New Zealand crashed, an ambitious restoration project to preserve history has begun.
A Short Sunderland – one of only five remaining flying boats of its kind left in the world – is being pieced back together after the dramatic crash that ended its flying years in 1959.
Air Chathams pilot Gary Downs, who lives on Chatham Island with his wife and four children, embarked on the project six months ago, enlisting the help of friends and spending every spare moment on what has become a labour of love.
At first he knew little about the plane and its crash, until learning of the wreckage, which was on farmland on the island's northeastern tip.
The more he learnt about the plane, the NZ4111, the more he realised it was an important part of the islands' history. "It was a big deal for people living here when it was used."
Operated by the Royal New Zealand Air Force, the plane was used to carry supplies to the islands about three times a year after World War II.
On November 4, 1959, it was carrying three passengers when it crashed on takeoff in Te Whanga Lagoon, which makes up about a third of Chatham Island.
CRASH LANDING: The Sunderland after hitting a rock in Te Whanga Lagoon in 1959. Behind is the plane sent to rescue passengers and crew.
The passengers and crew were rescued, and the air force immediately salvaged the removable parts and returned them to New Zealand. The following year the rest of the wreckage, which was 70cm deep in mud, was removed from the water and a farming family moved it on to their land.
When Mr Downs found the wreckage, "strewn all over the farm", including the cockpit being used as a greenhouse, he enlisted the help of friends with cranes and the farm machinery to shift the pieces to a central field.
"All of the parts were numbered, so I've been putting the jigsaw puzzle back together," he said.
Once the plane is reassembled, people will be able to walk through its fuselage and into the two-storey cockpit.
He plans to line the walls with reports and anecdotes from those who remembered the flying boat when it was in use – or when it crashed.
The attraction is being rebuilt at the farm of Jim and Sally Muirson, who, along with neighbour Colin Barr, also have plans to restore a historic church and a whaling station on the land.
ROSS GIBLIN/The Dominion Post
JIGSAW PUZZLE: Gary Downs is recovering parts of the flying boat and reassembling them to put on display. The task is helped by each piece being individually numbered.
Mr Downs said the projects would help preserve the islands' history and he was undeterred by those who believed reassembling the plane's remaining parts would be impossible: "The more people say it can't be done, there is more motivation to do it."
http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/na ... s-together
There has also been interest in the project from other media.
This link will take you to a radio interview with Gary Downs:
http://www.radionz.co.nz/audio/national ... ne_rebuild
(Would someone from outside New Zealand please confirm that this link works for non-NZ listeners, I am aware that some media links are geographically limited).
Re: Chatham Island Sunderland news
Thanks for the feedback Tony.
I have saved the audio file to my computer just in case.
by antipodeanandy
Been reading about this aircraft for years. Great to see someone getting on with it.
by Pondskater
Thanks for the update - really interesting. I had heard that the islanders had an affection for their wreck, good to see that this is happening. Somehow it seems better than having it taken away for some distant museum.
AllanK
Posted: Thu May 27, 2010 11:22 am
I have been given a link to a photobucket file that contains several photos relating to NZ4111's mishap on the coral reef Nukunono Lagoon, Tokelau Islands, 24Aug55.
I don't know who posted the photos, but they are well worth a look
http://s228.photobucket.com/albums/ee17 ... /Nukunono/?
by TASSE
Picking up the link in Ireland O.K.
Thanks TASSE.
Our morning daily newspaper has published a sequence of articles about the Chatham Islands.
Todays issue was about the RNZAF Sunderland wrecked there, and the plans to resurrect it as a display item.
No link to the article on-line yet, but some interesting photographs of the wreck and the restoration are at their website
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/i ... 12#7217443
Link to related article now online
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/a ... d=10691026
by fredgell
Just came across this link with some pictures I've not seen before...
https://sites.google.com/a/aotea.org/do ... ying-boats


I'd heard of these almost a week ago I think. Unrelated and yet hours apart and just few exits from each other. I think the respective mile marker exit numbers are 156 and 161 or similar. The female rider crash was just north of the younger male rider incident. His happened right at the Air Force Academy entrance /exit on the north side of town.


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Entertainment → Music → Songs and lyrics
I'm looking for the name of the song that was sung frequently during Desert Storm. I'm pretty sure it was sung by Steve Winwood and was sort of a theme song for the country during that time. Thank you!
by Nanrz 3 hours ago
Nanrz
Did you mean "Proud to be an American" by Lee Greenwood?
I am looking for a power ballad... i need a love song thats starts off soft, then by the end it builds into a breathtaking, powerful song that makes the audience cry. i need this song to be sung by a female vocalist. a song thats not on the radio 24/7...
Hi: I'm looking for the name of a disco song. Some of the lyrics are, "Holiday....Come on let's celebrate......and a man walked up to me.....Haven't I seen you here before?" I'm not looking for the Madonna song. Is there someone who can help? Thanks
I'm trying to find the title of a song, but can't remember the exact lyrics. I know it was something about \\I'd crawl back and apologize but I'm not sorry and I have bad knees// Help?
How to write a theme song for an anime (I'm totally clueless)
Do you remember the first song you ever sung?
I think "McArthur Park" was the worst song of all time. What's your pick?
What was the best song of the 60's?
Can you recognize this song? I'm sorry for breaking all the promises that I wasn't around to keep and you told me this time is the last time I will ever beg you to stay What do you think of it and who do you think it is by if you don't know?
Is it true, the song "Three Blind Mice" was written by a cat?
Are there any songs that have your name in them? (I ask this because I'm listening to a song called "Ashley" by Escape the Fate)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home LEARN News New Lenox family taking on vaping industry
New Lenox family taking on vaping industry
by Chicago Parent Staff, Megan Murray Elsener
Piper Johnson nearly died.
The cause: Vaping.
The oldest of seven kids, the New Lenox teen became Colorado's first case of severe respiratory illness attributed to vaping. She was on her way from Illinois to the Centennial State with her parents, excited to start her freshman year in college, when they were forced to visit an urgent care because Piper couldn't take a deep breath.
One day's delay could have meant an entirely different outcome, Piper's mom Ruby Johnson said doctors told her.
So, Piper and her family are using all of their breath these days to keep vaping products out of kids' hands. Ruby Johnson traveled to Washington, D.C., several times to meet with legislators, including U.S. Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., and to testify at a congressional hearing on the dangers and to share her story.
"As parents we're fighting this battle that almost feels like sometimes, how do you even fight it?" Johnson says. "…I think this is a problem that is bigger than just parents or just teenagers. It's got to be everybody. It's got to be our legislators, our educators, parents, our doctors. If we all work together and educate and regulate, we can start to reverse this problem."
Illinois recorded the first death from vaping in August and its second in October. Since then, the numbers have climbed around the country. Illinois has since recorded more than 150 cases of vaping-related lung disease, the youngest of whom is 13. Nationwide, the number has exceeded 1,600, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Durbin has called on the U.S. Surgeon General to take immediate action on what he's calling the youth e-cigarette epidemic by launching a national strategy to address "this public health crisis."
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration in September announced it would ban all non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors and states, such as Michigan, are taking their own steps to ban the flavors that experts say make vaping particularly enticing to kids. Johnson is pushing for mint and menthol flavors to be added to the banned list.
The FDA reports that between 2017 and 2018, vaping by high school students increased 78 percent and by middle schoolers increased 48 percent. The CDC recently released data showing five million children vape. Closer to home, the latest Illinois Youth Survey found that nearly 30 percent of Illinois 12th graders reported using a tobacco or vaping product.
Lured by the "cool factor" on social media, experts worry that kids don't realize or care about the dangers of e-cigarette use, which can be even more addictive than tobacco cigarettes.
"There are at least 40 different chemicals ingested through vaping, and at least half of them are known to be harmful," says Dr. Kevin Germino, pediatrician at DuPage Medical Group.
Piper's example
Johnson found a "little pouch" in Piper's room when she was a sophomore.
"I'm like any parent, I don't smoke, I've never vaped. You're not even 100 percent what you are looking at," she says.
And just like she is now hearing from so many parents reaching out to her who heard the same phrase, Piper claimed it wasn't hers; 'I'm holding it for a friend.'
"That time we believed her," Johnson says.
By the end of her junior year, though, Johnson found another device and Piper fessed up. They grounded her, threw everything away and made her keep her bedroom door open. The Johnsons thought that would be the end.
But it had become a habit and Piper admitted she was using two to three pods a week (in some products, each pod is equivalent to a pack or a pack and a half of cigarettes.)
She told her mom she quit about a week before they left for college because it hurt too much to take a deep breath. But it was already too late.
She wound up in the hospital, as her parents watched liter after liter of oxygen pump into her lungs and waited for steroids to work their magic. All the while, Piper was missing out on what was supposed to be a fun start of her college life.
She told her mom that if God let her live, he must have big plans for her. "I have to make an example of myself," Piper told her mom.
It was a scary wake-up call for the family, who are all on a crusade against vaping.
Johnson found out one of her other children tried vaping, but got sick and didn't do it again. Still, he told her 'everybody does it.'
"I always take it with a grain of salt when my kids tell me 'everybody's doing this', but I feel that's really close to the truth. It's so rampant right now," Johnson says.
She's hearing more from teachers and other parents that vaping is happening as early as fifth grade. Her kids show her social media stories of classmates vaping in class as the teacher teaches.
For her part, Piper is settling into college life, though still finds herself fighting to breathe when she exerts herself.
Will her lungs ever fully recover?
Right now, Johnson says, that's the unknown.
3 things parents need to know about vaping
1. Hiding in plain sight
If your teen or tween isn't vaping, they know someone who is and they've been tempted.
It's happening in school bathrooms, playgrounds and even right in the classroom when the teacher's back is turned. And chances are, kids are hiding the evidence in plain sight.
Vaping is easy to conceal. Intentionally so, New Lenox mom Ruby Johnson believes.
"It blows my mind that we didn't know it," she says about her daughter's vaping. "I think the fact the things are so sleek and so sneaky, once they get the kids hooked, they are easily able to hide it from the adults in their life."
Johnson urges other parents to learn all they can about e-cigarettes and vaping.
Even the kids you would never suspect would vape, might be, she says.
"From my experience, I would say don't be surprised if your kid is trying it. It is incredibly pervasive. There is something about it that doesn't feel as bad as smoking cigarettes, almost like it is the video game version of smoking," says Carrie, an Oak Park mom who was surprised when she found an unfamiliar "charger" in her son's room.
"I was really surprised as he had previously seemed pretty against vaping and had even written a research paper outlining the dangers of it."
2. Safer than cigarettes myth
Many kids believe that vaping is safer than smoking. Yet, e-cigarettes put nicotine into the bloodstream 2.7 times faster than a cigarette.
"People who maybe normally wouldn't have tried smoking are now vaping. Essentially, vaping has created a whole population of people who are going to be addicted to nicotine," says Dr. Kevin Germino, pediatrician at DuPage Medical Group.
Considering e-cigarettes are only a decade old, research on long-term effects is limited.
"The more research we see on vaping shows that vaping is certainly harmful, and possibly as harmful as smoking tobacco cigarettes," says Karen Wolownik-Albert, executive director of Gateway Foundation Lake County.
Plus, she says, using nicotine frequently at high levels, as seen in e-cigarettes, can be as addictive as cocaine and heroin. Germino says it can also make teens more prone to mood disorders and attention issues.
Wolownick-Albert also points out that when teens share vaping devices, they are also sharing germs that could cause bacterial or viral infections.
Parents should be able to recognize the various types of vaping devices and how the "juice" is packaged and sold, Wolownick-Albert says. Some even contain cannabis and THC.
"This is dangerous enough that we need to be snoopy parents," Johnson says. "I wish I would have dug through more, but if you don't know what you are looking for, you are not going to know when you find it."
Germino says it is as important to talk with your kids about vaping just as you would about smoking cigarettes.
Now is the time to demand change, Johnson says.
"As parents, we have a voice to use, to say we are demanding better for our kids."
Follow Chicago Parent on Instagram.
This article originally published in November 2019 issue. Read the rest of the issue.
Teens Health Illinois Middle School Vaping
Can you find the gnomes hiding in the Children's Garden? Read more
The Morton Arboretum
Little Playtimes
Legoland opens early on the second floor for toddlers and their parents. Read more
Watch more than 10 model trains wind through a two-level display. Read more


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Home ENTERTAINMENT 15 Quotes By Kim Kadarshian That Are Very Much True.
15 Quotes By Kim Kadarshian That Are Very Much True.
nigamboyz
'Keeping Up With Kadarshians' is the sensation in United States. Kim is the nosiest among all the Kadarshians' . She has always been a controversy queen. Even if she doesn't want that, controversies just get attracted to this beauty.
People have love-hate relationship with Kim K. Whatever she says becomes a headline. But she talks worthy most of the times. Here are some of her worthy words which grabbed our attention:
#1. People don't understand the pressure on me to look perfect.
#2. I always put clothes and family photos under the mattress, in case the house burns down.
#3. I think if I'm and don't have any kinds and I'm not married, I would have a baby artificially inseminated. I would feel like Mary – like jesus is my baby.
#4. I couldn't care less if they I [the media] say I'm with twins by my brother.
#5. There's a lot of baggage that comes along with our family, but it's like Louis Vuitton baggage.
#6. If Paris Hilton thinks my butt looks gross I really don't care. At least I have a butt.
#7. I do smile… even laugh on occasion… Not to often though because it causes wrinkles.
#8. And they say I didn't have a talent… try balancing a champagne glass on your ass… LOL!
#9. I'm doin' it with class, 'cause I got a big ass.
#10. I'll cry at the end of the day… not when I have fresh makeup on.
#11. Stretchmarks are my biggest fear of life.
#12. If I was a man, I would want to know what it's like to have sex with myself. I would just want to know what it would feel like withing it from the back.
#13. Well, a bear can juggle and stand on a ball and he's talented, but he's not famous. Do you know what I mean?
#14. Botox to me is not surgery.
#15. I think it really takes about 15-20 selfies that someone takes on their phone before they post the right one.
Keeping Up With Kadarshians
Kim Kadarshian
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THE organiser of an open water swim in Wargrave is appealing for more people to enter.
The event on the Thames will take place next Saturday aspart of the annual Wargrave and Shiplake regatta.
Jo Hall says there is still room for swimmers aged 12 and over to take on a 1km or 2km course, starting at 6.15am. There is also an easier "social swim".
Entry costs £25 or £10 for the social swim, which includes breakfast.


Do you struggle to find rest? Do you feel disconnected from God or unable to slow down long enough to enter His presence? These four steps will help.
How does a People-Pleasing Mom Find Rest?
It is difficult for any mom to find rest, but for the people-pleaser mom, it's nearly impossible. Who will defend and protect the troops if she lets her guard down?
"Come to me. Get away with me and you'll recover your life. I'll show you how to take a real rest." Here's how to find the real rest promised by Jesus.
I have one goal for my 2018 Summer Reading List and that is to prepare myself to enter into this year of pursuing God's rest that my family has committed to.


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Master of Science in Global Real Assets
MS-GRA Academics
MS-GRA Admissions & Financing
MS-GRA Application Process
Steers Center
Graduate Admissions Team
Admissions and Application Details
Applications for August 2023 intake will be reviewed in the following rounds.
*Recommended submission deadlines for non-U.S. citizens
Deposit Deadline
1* February 15, 2023 April 15, 2023
2* April 15, 2023 May 15, 2023
3 May 15, 2023 June 15, 2023
4 June 15, 2023 July 1, 2023
The Admissions Committee uses a holistic approach when making an admissions decision. We encourage you to review the application requirements in detail to understand what the Admissions Committee is looking for with regard to each application component.
All interested Masters of Science in Global Real Assets candidates are encouraged to submit an application as early as possible and to review our detailed application instructions.
Tuition and Financial Resources
Read about tuition information, financial aid, and program scholarships below to begin exploring how you will finance your M.S. in Global Real Assets degree.
The M.S. in Global Real Assets tuition fee for the August 2023 intake is $75,000. It includes tuition as well as specified meals and hotel accommodations for the global residency.
Tuition fees exclude individual health care or health insurance premiums, books and supplies, student fees, round-trip airfare to and from international project locations, room and board, visas, and incidental expenses while traveling. The Office of Billing and Payment Services provides additional information regarding tuition breakdown and student fees through the university.
Georgetown McDonough offers scholarships for M.S. in Global Real Assets students based on merit. To be considered for a scholarship, applicants must include a scholarship essay with their applications. The Office of Admissions notifies students of scholarship awards at the time of admission to the program.
Georgetown University has resources to help students identify options for financing their education. U.S. citizens and permanent residents should contact the Office of Student Financial Services for information on financing.
External Funding Resources
In addition to merit scholarships provided by Georgetown's Admissions Committee through the application process, we encourage you to explore external resources on the Office of Graduate Fellowships & Awards for additional funding opportunities. For best consideration, we encourage you to apply early for external funding as applicants to your selected master's programs.
External Funding for Applicants Guide
Office of Graduate Fellowships & Awards Events
Private Lenders for International Students
Explore Tuition and Fees Further
Georgetown University reserves the right to modify the requirements for admission and/or graduation, the program curricula, tuition, fees, and other regulations affecting the student body.
DISCLAIMER: The M.S. in Global Real Assets has not yet obtained approval for VA education benefits at this time, and is pending submission of its VA application. Please contact our Assistant Registrar for Veteran/Military Benefits at militarybenefits@georgetown.edu for more information.
Join Our August 2023 Intake
Our next Master of Science in Global Real Assets intake launches in August 2023. We welcome the opportunity to connect with you throughout the admissions process to learn more about your background and interests.
Meet with MS-GRA Team
Questions? Contact Our MS-GRA Admissions Team
RealAssets@georgetown.edu / +1 (202) 908-6882


The first step to building self confidence in a tough environment would be to think about the things that are really important to you, and what you want to achieve with your life. Set yourself goals related to this. It is important to start with small achievable goals, and as you succeed in these, you will feel more confident and be willing to take on something a little more difficult. You can begin by focusing on the basics.
For example: if you are shy and making friends at work is something that you would like to work on then starting small, in this case would imply; smiling at a fellow colleague, nodding as in acknowledging his/her presence, going upto your colleague or if you pass him/her on your way then a "How are you" or "How is work coming along", can imply that you care, and you will be responded to by similar action.
Or if you want to be able to take on a new task or project that seems very difficult, try to think of the steps that would lead you to be able to achieve this. Is there some small aspect that you can take on, consult someone else and then attempt to do it? If it works well, you will be able to take on something a little more complex and get the satisfaction that you can do it by yourself. Eventually, building self confidence means, doing the things you fear.
* It would be helpful if you do not make goals particularly challenging at this stage, try to get into the habit of achieving them and celebrating them.
* It is important to pick up and defeat the negative self-talks which can destroy your confidence. For example: "others always laugh when I make a presentation, so I might as well not take any initiate". It could be that they were probably sharing a joke, or that they got distracted or maybe even knew what you were talking about, hence didn't find it important to listen.
* It is also helpful if you are able to remind yourself of your Strengths & Achievements. One way is to make a list of things you like about yourself. Read it over and over again, and you could possibly feel that zest and energy of "I have these abilities and I am going to make good use of them, today!!"
You do not have to wait to feel confident before you act. Although many factors affecting self confidence are at times out of our control, there are a number of things that you can consciously do, to build your self confidence that you need to reach your potential.
Preparing and practicing thoroughly will help you know all your facts; you can then work towards anticipating possible questions, and even prepare for those answers. For example: if you have to do a presentation at work; rehearsing and rewriting what you want to say over and over, so that you can pretty much learn it by heart, will help you remember those crucial facts.
You can also look towards asking for support from your family, or spouse, your friends and others who are close to you; to tell you what they like about you or think you do well and where you may need to improve upon.
The way we dress can have an impact on the way we feel about ourselves. Taking care of your personal appearance can also have an impact on how confident you come across to others. Small changes like a different hairstyle or wearing well-fitting clothes could make a difference.
If you need to lose/gain weight, improve your skin or anything else, it might be worthwhile to see a doctor or other specialist who can help you do this. Appearance is superficial of course, but when you feel that you look good, this tends to have a positive impact on the way you perceive yourself.
Similarly, practicing good posture by standing straight, keeping your head up and making eye contact, can help towards making a positive impression on others. A firm handshake and a smiling face, can also take you a long way.
If you are able to stop thinking about yourself, and start thinking about the contribution you are making to the rest of the world, you probably will not worry so much about your own shortcomings and be able to focus on and achieve your goals.
very good article. Specially the part where you have given tips to improve self confidence by taking small steps like taking care of your physical appearance. thank you for writing this.
Good article. Nice to read.


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North African Paleolithic populations mostly replaced during migration period
Popular Archeology
Wed, 06 Nov 2019 12:00 UTC
© Michael Gaida, Pixabay
The origin and history of the population of North Africa are different from the rest of the continent and are more similar to the demographic history of regions outside Africa.
Researchers have identified a small genetic imprint of the inhabitants of the region in Palaeolithic times, thus ruling out the theory that recent migrations from other regions completely erased the genetic traces of ancient North Africans.
An international team of scientists has for the first time performed an analysis of the complete genome of the population of North Africa. They have identified a small genetic imprint of the inhabitants of the region in Palaeolithic times, thus ruling out the theory that recent migrations from other regions completely erased the genetic traces of ancient North Africans. The study was led by David Comas, principal investigator at UPF and at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE: CSIC-UPF) and it has been published in the journal Current Biology.
The field of genomics has evolved greatly in recent years. DNA sequencing is increasingly affordable and there are major projects studying genomes at the population level. However, some human populations like those of North Africa have been systematically ignored. This is the first genomic study to contextualize this region of the world.
The origin and history of the population of North Africa are different from the rest of the continent and are more similar to the demographic history of regions outside Africa: the Middle East, Europe or Asia. Palaeontological remains exist that prove the existence of humans in the region more than 300,000 years ago. In any case, previous genetic studies had shown that current populations of North Africa originated as a result of a Back to Africa process, that is, recent migrations from the Middle East that populated northern Africa.
Hence, the debate that arises is one of continuity versus replacement. On the one hand, the continuity hypothesis posits that current North African populations descend from Palaeolithic groups, i.e., that such ancient humans are the ancestors of present human populations. Meanwhile, other hypotheses argue that the populations that existed in Palaeolithic times were replaced, and that the humans that currently inhabit North Africa are the result of recent migrations that arrived there since the Neolithic.
Comment: According to Wikipedia, the Paleolithic (stone age) period covers ~ 3.3 million BP (years before present era) up to ~ 11,650 BP. The Neolithic is considered to span from ~ 12,000 BP to ~ 6,5000 BP.
In this study, the researchers compared genetic data from current North African individuals with data recently published on the DNA of fossil remains found at different sites in Morocco. "We see that the current populations of North Africa are the result of this replacement but we detect small traces of this continuity from Palaeolithic times, i.e., total replacement did not take place in the populations of North Africa", reveals David Comas, full professor of Biological Anthropology at the Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS) at UPF. "We do not know whether the first settlers 300,000 years ago are their ancestors, but we do detect imprints of this continuity at least since Palaeolithic times, since 15,000 years ago or more", he adds.
"We have seen that the genetic imprint of Palaeolithic populations of North Africa is unique to the current North African populations and is decreasingly distributed from west to east in the region, inversely proportional to the Neolithic component coming from the Middle East, which had a greater effect on the eastern region, which is geographically closer", says Gerard Serra-Vidal, first author of the article.
"Therefore, our results confirm that migrations from other regions such as Europe, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa to this area did not completely erase the genetic traces of the ancient North Africans", explains David Comas, head of the Human Genome Diversity research group of the IBE.
These results of the populations of North Africa are in contrast with what is known about the European continent, in whose current populations a strong Palaeolithic component is found, i.e., more continuity and less replacement than in North Africa.
Many genomic data are still missing, both of current populations and of fossil remains, to be able to establish the population history of the human species. "This is or particular concern in populations such as those of North Africa about which we have very little information compared to other populations in the world. In order to have a complete picture of human genome diversity we still have to do a considerable amount of research", David Comas concludes.
Article Source: UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA news release
Humans migrated from Europe to the Levant 40,000 years ago
And check out SOTT radio's:
MindMatters: Everything's a Remix: Origins of the World's Mythologies
MindMatters: The Meaning of the World's Mythologies
George L · 2019-11-08T12:34:52Z
With whom were they replaced?


What is the Mojo layer inside the earth? How far down is it inside the earth?
The Moho, for Mohovorovicic Discontinuity, is the boundary between the crust and the upper mantle. On average it's about 35 km deep under the continents, 5-10 km under the oceans.
The Moho was discovered, via seismic wave measurements, by Croatian scientist Andrija Mohorovicic in 1909.
See below for a contour map of the depth of the Moho.
The map is linked to a Wikipedia article.


text:
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// PicaVoxel - The tiny voxel engine for Unity - http://picavoxel.com
// By Gareth Williams - @garethiw - http://gareth.pw
//
// Source code distributed under standard Asset Store licence:
// http://unity3d.com/legal/as_terms
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

namespace PicaVoxel
{
    public struct BatchVoxel
    {
        public Voxel Voxel;
        public PicaVoxelPoint ArrayPosition;
        public Vector3 WorldPosition;

        public BatchVoxel(Voxel voxel, PicaVoxelPoint arrayPoint, Vector3 worldPos)
        {
            Voxel = voxel;
            ArrayPosition = arrayPoint;
            WorldPosition = worldPos;
        }
    }

    public class Batch : IDisposable
    {
        public Volume VoxelObject;
        public List<BatchVoxel> Voxels = new List<BatchVoxel>(10000);

        public Batch(Volume voxelObject)
        {
            VoxelObject = voxelObject;
        }

        public void Add(Voxel voxel, int arrayX, int arrayY, int arrayZ, Vector3 worldPos)
        {
            Add(voxel, new PicaVoxelPoint(arrayX, arrayY, arrayZ), worldPos);
        }

        public void Add(Voxel voxel, PicaVoxelPoint arrayPoint, Vector3 worldPos)
        {
            Voxels.Add(new BatchVoxel(voxel, arrayPoint, worldPos));
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Voxels.Clear();
            Voxels = null;
            VoxelObject = null;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Remote work is becoming more and more common every day. The number of freelancers operating in the marketplace is growing and according to Forbes, the majority of the U.S. workforce will be freelancers in as little as ten years' time.
This, plus the introduction and expansion of flex time and telecommuting, means that more and more people are plugging into their jobs from remote locations.
In general, this is great. The added freedom and flexibility of remote work is highly desired by most people, as demonstrated by the huge increase in the number of entrepreneuers. But as with anything, there are some downsides. The most prominent is the loss of face-to-face interaction.
This can hurt the group dynamic and make it tough for the team to be as effective as possible.
When you work in an office, usually the first thing that happens in a meeting is that people catch up quickly about your lives. These few moments of small talk are really important for bringing a group together.
This often gets skipped, though, when working remotely. People sign into the meeting and you get right to the agenda. This might seem more productive, but it strips the meeting of its human touch. So even though it might drag things out a few extra minutes, taking some time to talk about something other than work will bring people closer together, enhancing the group dynamic and making it more effective.
To help build a connection, consider engaging in some activities you might not do if you were in an office. For example, everyone on the team could sign up for a coffee subscription service. You'll get a new type of coffee every few weeks, and when you meet, you can discuss it. It's kind of like a coffee book club, but drinking a cup of coffee takes way less time than reading a novel.
These small little things help add depth to the meeting and will make people more excited to get together with the group. And when people are more excited to go to work, they'll perform better and more effectively.
However, while it's important to take time to talk about things outside of work, to be more effective as a remote team, you need to make the best use of your time. One of the reasons you work remotely is because you perform better on your own.
There's nothing worse than sitting on a call listening to a conversation that isn't relevant or that has already been had. We all hate this in traditional meetings, but it's even worse on teleconferences.
Write out a clear agenda, share it with everyone and breeze through it as quickly as you can. The point of the meeting is to discuss problems and solutions and make sure everyone is on the same page. Anything else is just extra and will create friction in the group.
Working remotely can be great for the individual. You can choose when and how you work. But for a team, this can be a challenge. In an office, if you have a question or if you've discovered something interesting, all you need to do is pop over to someone's desk and show them. When working from different locations, this obviously isn't possible.
Make sure you have ways of staying in touch. Productivity suites such as Slack are really helpful for facilitating dialogue among group members. You might want to consider asking people to check in with what they're working on every day. This isn't to monitor them, but rather to show that there is an open and fluid line of communication available to them.
Again, the beauty of remote work is the flexibility it offers. But this can cause friction if you're not used to it. When you sign in to work, you might be the only one who is doing so. Others may have errands to run or may already be finished for the day.
Give a little more time for people to respond to messages, and don't be so persistent with follow-ups. People will still receive notifications even if they're signed off, and if they feel like they're being forced to work when they don't want to, then they'll take this animosity to the group, hindering its effectiveness.
Many of the same principles of effective teamwork are still in play when dealing with remote teams. If you communicate often, listen carefully and respect the ideas and opinions of others, you are well on your way to having an effective team. And if you implement the strategies discussed here, you'll soon find your remote teams work just as well.
About the author: Caroline Black is a team member at JavaPresse, a company who believes that coffee is more than a drink. Founded by Raj Jana, the company is on a mission to transform your favorite coffee ritual into an extraordinary daily experience – so you can stay grounded in the moments that matter and enjoy more happiness, abundance, and fulfillment in every part of your life. The organically grown small batch coffee ships within two hours of roast, and they partner with causes that spread joy to children in need such as Make-a-Wish. Click here to read their inspiring story.


text:
IOM and Partners Call Attention to Rights and Protection Needs of Migrants on International Migrants Day
A statement is read on behalf of the First Lady at the International Migrants Day event
In recognition of International Migrants Day, 18 December 2014, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Afghanistan Center at Kabul University (ACKU), Afghanistan Migrants Advice and Support Organization (AMASO) and The Liaison Office (TLO) held an event in Kabul on Tuesday to raise awareness of the rights and protection needs of Afghan migrants.
Representatives from the Government of Afghanistan, civil society, the international community, the United Nations and local and international NGOs took part in the event, which featured a discussion panel on displacement and return issues as well as an art exhibition and music performance related to migration.
In Afghanistan migrants, returnees, deportees, reugees, victims of trafficking and internally displaced persons face staggering challenges. By calling attention to these issues, the event sought to expand the migration-related discourse in Afghanistan and bring attention to the human costs of migration.
Afghanistan still has one of the world's largest populations living in protracted displacement. Millions of Afghans still live as refugees in neighboring Iran and Pakistan, and in the country, ongoing conflict and natural disasters has meant that more than 800,000 of the population are internally displaced.
"The problem of internal displacement is one of Afghanistan's most pressing challenges," said Musa Mahmoodi, Executive Director of the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, speaking at the event. "Most of the displaced population is living in hardship conditions, lacking shelter, food security and work opportunities, and excluded from education."
Protection concerns for migrants also remain a pressing issue. The number of migrants dying on dangerous journeys in the hope of finding better lives for themselves and their families is rising. Just last month, 27 Afghan migrants drowned off the Turkish coast while attempting to reach Europe.
One presentation of a forthcoming NRC and TLO report highlighted the particularly dire protection needs of displaced women and girls in urban settlements. Contrary to popular beliefs their journey to the city does not open up better access to services and social opportunities but leads to seclusion, crippling poverty, increased violence against women and mental health issues. International and local assistance has not yet provided adequate support to mitigate this quite desperate situation.
"We miss the outside world so much, and feel like prisoners here. Prison is better; at least you are fed well," said a 24-year-old IDP woman, quoted in the report.
International Migrants Day was declared by the UN in 2000, in recognition of the adoption of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families on 18 December 1990.
For further information, please contact Matt Graydon at IOM Afghanistan (mgraydon@iom.int).


text:
Q: How does graph classification work with graph neural networks I am reading the paper The Graph Neural Network Model by Scarselli et al. I understand how node classification works. I am having trouble understanding how graph classification works however. In particular, in the section titled The Learning algorithm, the authors mention that

Learning in GNNs consists of estimating the parameter such that w
  approximates the data in the learning data set

where qi is the number of supervised nodes in Gi. For graph focused
  tasks, one special node is used for the target (qi = 1 holds), whereas for
  node-focused tasks, in principle, the supervision can be performed on
  every node.

The node focused task approach makes sense to me; you would essentially compare the ground truth to each output of the "local output function" for each node, and backprop accordingly. However, based on the above description, I do not understand what you would do to classify the graph as a whole, given its label. What do they mean by "one special node is used for the target (qi = 1 holds)"? Why are they talking about a "special node"? Why is there no mention of the graph's label? Isn't that what we want to predict?
EDIT:
After reading through the entire paper, and specifically looking at the Mutagenesis example, I got a better understanding of how graph classification works (as described in this paper at least). However, my understanding is still not complete. I will explain what I understand, and raise a followup question below.
As the text above suggests, a particular node in the graph is chosen (I believe this can be done at random), and it will be the only node in the graph that is "supervised." All other nodes will be unsupervised (so we will not make any predictions on those nodes). We choose the local output function in such a way as to have it output a number between -1 and 1 (although I'm unsure as to whether or not you could pick a function that instead outputs a number between 0 and 1. I believe you can, and it's just a matter of what activation function you would like to choose i.e sigmoid vs tanh in this example). If the output is < 0, we predict the graph has label -1, and 1 otherwise.
Now we just do what we did with node prediction, except we only backpropagate on this single node that we chose.
This, however, raised a followup question for me. If you are training on multiple graphs (for graph classification), each of which has a different connectivity (which is usually the case, and is the case in the Mutagenesis example), how do you backpropagate? Each graph (in this case, molecule) represents a different neural network ...

A: I am aware of two typical strategies for outputting a "graph-wide" prediction.

*

*Augment every graph with a special "root" node, and add an edge between the root and every other vertex of the graph. Use this as your "chosen" vertex.

*Have every node output a prediction (typically logits, but could do direct probabilities as well), and average across all nodes in the graph.
I've not seen anyone try the "random node" approach but it sounds like a more stochastic form of (2).
I don't quite understand your question about backpropagation, as the algorithm doesn't require that the computation graph be fixed.

A: https://tkipf.github.io/graph-convolutional-networks/
I think one of the more easier GNNs to understand is the.
The data is separated into a adjacency and one feature matrix. Obviously, the adjacency matrix differs from Graph to Graph to due different number of nodes in the respective Graph. However, the number of features that are attributed to each node remain the the same for each Graph. And this GNN can work for different Graph Sizes.
For Graph Classification their is also the strategy of applying an invariant pooling function like the sum or mean over each feature. And the result will be a 1xf vector

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


My names are Maggie Mumba stage name Kendra Boo aka Tatuwa Diva was born on the 25th of april 1998. She's the third born in a family of four two girls and two boys. She went to Nsansa inter-education trust school home town is Chingola but living in Ndola. She's a rapper who started music in June 2015. She has always have loved music ever since she was a small girl. She told ZambianMusic.Net that "I decided to start recording. I work with Vue Smallz at Yeah Baby Music studio. It feels really good to be in the music industry especially when your family and friends are supporting you"
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