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text:
Deeper Life church pleads guilty
In a deal with prosecutors, the Tampa church pleads guilty in a food stamp fraud and stolen property case; charges against the two who run it are dropped.
St. Petersburg Times/June 8, 1999
By Richard Danielson
Tampa -- The couple who run Deeper Life Christian Church walked unscathed out of the Hillsborough County Courthouse on Monday, but two fellow ministers and the church itself ended up tainted by felony convictions. In an unusual deal with prosecutors, Deeper Life Christian Church pleaded guilty to one count each of trafficking in food stamps and dealing in stolen property.
Circuit Judge William Fuente placed the church on five years' probation, fined it $5,000 and ordered it to pay $21,710 to cover the cost of a Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office investigation into allegations of food stamp fraud.
"As far as we know, this is the first time in the state of Florida that a church has been convicted as a felon," Assistant State Attorney Craig Clendinen said. "We're pleased with the plea, and . . . we hope that it sends a message."
If so, it was not a message received by Deeper Life church bishop Melvin B. Jefferson Sr. and his second in command, Brenda Houston Lanier. In exchange for the church's guilty plea, prosecutors dropped all charges against the couple, who live in Brandon.
While their two sons and three other Deeper Life ministers entered guilty pleas inside the courthouse, Jefferson and Lanier walked across the street and got into their Mercedes. In response to reporters' questions, Jefferson, who is black, said he and Deeper Life were victims of a racial inquisition. "You figure it out," Jefferson told reporters. "What color am I? The church is not guilty, I am not guilty, and the police know I'm not guilty." Sheriff's investigators alleged that the church had laundered up to $20,000 a month in illegally obtained food stamps through two meat markets, Suncoast Meat and Deli Stores No. 1 and 2, which it owns. Authorities said the food stamps came from church parishioners and probationers who had been assigned to perform court-ordered community service at the church.
Deeper Life ministers were accused of buying meat for the meat markets that a confidential informant had told them was stolen and of accepting food stamps as tithes and payment for services from the church. Jefferson, 50, came to Tampa in 1980 and six years ago bought the old red brick church on N Nebraska Avenue that serves as Deeper Life's headquarters. The church is known for its evangelistic outreach to drug addicts and prostitutes as well as for its history of trouble paying its bills and its outraged protests of the criminal investigation launched against it two years ago.
While prosecutors dropped charges against Jefferson and Lanier, five others, including the couple's sons, pleaded guilty to at least one charge against them. They are: Edward Don Jefferson, 30, who was sentenced to three years of probation on one count of dealing in stolen property. He is Melvin Jefferson's son. Calvin Lanier, 23, who was sentenced to three years of probation on one count of dealing in stolen property. He is Brenda Lanier's son. Kenneth Lee, 41, who was sentenced to three years of probation on one count of trafficking in food stamps.
Steve Lavon Lee, 36, who pleaded guilty to three counts of dealing in stolen property and was sentenced to one year of community control followed by four years of probation. His sentence also resolved a pending violation of probation case on a previous charge of illegally discharging a firearm. He and Kenneth Lee are not related.
Cary Keith Fulks, 39, who pleaded guilty to one count of food stamp fraud and was sentenced to three years of probation. Steve Lee and Fulks were adjudicated guilty. The other defendants had formal findings of guilt withheld. Clendinen said prosecutors agreed to drop the charges against Melvin Jefferson and Brenda Lanier in part because they were "much farther removed" from the criminal acts that formed the basis for the case.
"The charges were different and their facts were different," Clendinen said.
"We think it's an appropriate plea in light of the circumstances."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
In carriera è stato medaglia d'oro ai Giochi olimpici di Seul con la staffetta 4×400 metri e detentore del record mondiale dei 400 m piani dal 1988 al 1999.

Biografia
Il 17 agosto 1988 divenne primatista mondiale dei 400 m piani con il tempo di 43"29, superando di 57 centesimi il record precedente di Lee Evans, stabilito ai Giochi olimpici di Città del Messico vent'anni prima. Il suo primato resistette undici anni, prima di essere migliorato da Michael Johnson nel 1999.

Sempre nei 400 metri, Reynolds vinse la medaglia d'argento ai Giochi olimpici del 1988 nella gara individuale e l'oro con la staffetta 4×400 metri statunitense. Ai campionati mondiali fu terzo nell'edizione del 1987 e due volte secondo (1993 e 1995), vincendo altrettanti ori nelle corrispondenti staffette. Nel 1993 fu primo ai Campionati del mondo indoor.

Ai Giochi olimpici di Atlanta del 1996 un infortunio lo obbligò a non terminare la semifinale, costringendolo anche a rinunciare a correre con la staffetta. Si ritirò dall'attività agonistica al termine del 1999.

Record mondiali

Seniores
 Staffetta 4×400 metri: 2'54"29 ( Stoccarda, 22 agosto 1993) (Andrew Valmon, Quincy Watts, Butch Reynolds, Michael Johnson)

Palmarès

Altre competizioni internazionali
1989
  alla Grand Prix Final ( Monaco), 400 m piani - 45"06

1993
  alla Grand Prix Final ( Londra), 400 m piani - 44"96

Collegamenti esterni

Sportivi afroamericani

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
ONE INDUSTRIES LLC v. <<
ONE INDUSTRIES, LLC, a limited liability company, Plaintiff-counter-defendant-Appellee, v.
JIM O'NEAL DISTRIBUTING, INC., a corporation, Defendant-counter-claim-3rd-party-plaintiff-Appellant, v. Marc Blanchard; Ludovic Boinnard, Third-party-defendants-Appellees.
Decided: August 24, 2009
Before: JOHN T. NOONAN, DIARMUID F. O'SCANNLAIN, and SUSAN P. GRABER, Circuit Judges. R. Joseph Trojan, Trojan Law Offices, Beverly Hills, CA, argued the cause for Jim O'Neal Distributing, Inc., and filed the briefs. Jonathan Hangartner, X-Patents, APC, La Jolla, CA, argued the cause for One Industries, LLC, Marc Blanchard, and Ludovic Boinnard and filed the brief.
We venture into the world of motocross racing to determine whether federal trademark law protects a motorcycle apparel company's use of a stylized "O" on its products.
Motocross is a popular form of off-road, rough terrain motorcycle racing. Jim O'Neal Distributing, Inc. ("O'Neal"), is a leader in the industry. Founded in 1970, O'Neal equips riders with boots, jerseys, helmets, and other racing indispensables. By 1998, O'Neal had captured 17.5% of the market for motocross apparel and helmets-about the same proportion, according to the record, as Ford's share of the 2006 U.S. car market.
Though motocross racing is all about dirt and dust, O'Neal's success apparently also depended on fashion. In 1991, O'Neal began decorating its products with a stylized O followed by an apostrophe (the "O' mark"). Over the years, O'Neal experimented with different versions of the O' mark. In 1992, O'Neal flattened the original, creating a compressed mark. A year later, O'Neal created a slanted mark. In 1997, O'Neal developed a thicker, boxier O' mark with rounded corners (the "Rounded O' mark"). Finally, in 2003, O'Neal adopted the current O' mark, which abandons the rounded corners of the 1997 mark in favor of an angular approach (the "Angular O' mark"). The graphical timeline below shows the evolution of O'Neal's O' mark:
O'Neal's products also often feature a stylized "O'NEAL" (the "O'NEAL mark"):
Compared to O'Neal, One Industries, LLC, is a newcomer to the motocross world. Founded in 1997 by a graphic designer, One Industries began by selling stickers and decals. By 2003, One Industries had added helmets and clothing to its product lines, putting it in direct competition with O'Neal.
Style is also a pillar of One Industries' success. In 1999, One Industries developed the "One Icon," which it describes as two interlacing number ones:
Also in 1999, One Industries created the "One Angular" mark:
Like O'Neal, One Industries now uses the One Icon and the One Angular mark on motorcycle-related apparel and headgear.
As One Industries grew from a decal and sticker producer to a full-fledged motocross apparel company, it attracted O'Neal's unwelcome eye. In 2006, O'Neal accused One Industries of infringing the 2003 Angular O' mark and the O'NEAL mark. O'Neal asserted that the O' mark had been in use "for over a decade," and the "O'NEAL" mark had been in use "for over thirty-five years."
One Industries did not give an inch, denying that its One Icon and One Angular marks infringed O'Neal's trademarks. One Industries accused O'Neal of falsely representing that its O' mark had been in use for over a decade, pointing out that the Angular O' mark was created in 2003. According to One Industries, the One Icon and One Angular marks, which were created and registered in 1999, are senior to the Angular O' mark. Two days later O'Neal replied, reiterating its position that One Industries' marks infringed the Angular O' mark and the O'NEAL mark.
One Industries subsequently sought a declaratory judgment in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California that the One Icon and One Angular marks did not infringe O'Neal's trademarks. O'Neal, in its answer, asserted six counterclaims for trademark infringement of the O' and O'NEAL marks, trade dress infringement, and unfair competition under California state law. O'Neal also brought a third-party complaint against One Industries' founders, alleging trademark infringement and trade dress infringement.
Before discovery, One Industries moved for a more definite statement under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(e), claiming that O'Neal's complaint did not identify the particular iteration of its O' mark that was allegedly infringed. In opposition, O'Neal contended that "[t]here is no need for a more definite statement" because "O'Neal has used a singular O' mark that has changed slightly over the years․[O]nly one mark is at issue in O'Neal's trademark infringement claim."
The district court granted One Industries' motion for a more definite statement. It reasoned that "two of the marks alleged to be one have been registered separately and the marks presented appear to this Court to be more than just slightly different." O'Neal accordingly amended its answer and counterclaims to assert infringement of the 1997 Rounded O' mark. Later, the district court granted summary judgment to One Industries on all claims. O'Neal timely appealed.
O'Neal primarily contends that the district court erred by refusing to "tack" the different versions of the O' mark dating back to 1991. According to O'Neal, each iteration of the O' mark constituted a continuation of the same mark rather than a creation of a new mark. Tacking matters because One Industries first used the One Icon in 1999-after O'Neal developed the 1997 Rounded O' mark but before O'Neal created the 2003 Angular O' mark. It is a cardinal principle of federal trademark law that the party who uses the mark first gets priority. See Brookfield Commc'ns, Inc. v. W. Coast Entm't Corp., 174 F.3d 1036, 1047 (9th Cir.1999) ("It is axiomatic ․ that the standard test of ownership is priority of use․ [T]he party claiming ownership must have been the first to actually use the mark in the sale of goods or services." (internal quotation marks omitted)). Thus, if the Rounded and Angular O' marks are the same mark, then the district court should have compared the One Icon with the 2003 Angular O' mark; if the marks are different, however, then the district court correctly compared the One Icon with the 1997 Rounded O' mark.
Before we reach the merits, we must confront dueling procedural arguments.
At the outset, One Industries insists that O'Neal forfeited the tacking argument by failing to raise it in the district court. A party normally may not press an argument on appeal that it failed to raise in the district court. See Allen v. Ornoski, 435 F.3d 946, 960 (9th Cir.2006) ( "[A] party cannot treat the district court as a mere ill-placed bunker to be circumvented on his way to this court where he will actually engage his opponents." (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted)).
One Industries emphasizes that O'Neal's amended counterclaims, which alleged infringement of the Rounded O' mark, did not raise the tacking issue. It also notes that the district court's summary judgment order did not address tacking. In response, O'Neal contends that the district court rejected the tacking argument in its order granting One Industries' motion for a more definite statement. In O'Neal's view, the law of the case doctrine precluded it from raising tacking again during the summary judgment proceedings. O'Neal also argues that "this entire case has been predicated from the beginning on the doctrine of tacking." It points to the original exchange of litigation threats with One Industries in which the parties disputed whether O'Neal had used the Angular O' mark for "over a decade." Tellingly, however, O'Neal's Notice of Appeal refers only to the summary judgment order, not to the order granting the motion for a more definite statement.
After picking through the tangled procedural posture of this case, we are satisfied that O'Neal did not forfeit its tacking claim. Tacking was fleshed out during the proceedings surrounding the motion for a more definite statement. While O'Neal did not use the word "tack" in its opposition to the motion for a more definite statement, it raised the essence of the claim:
O'Neal objects to Boinnard and Blanchard's attempt to characterize O'Neal's O' mark as "five distinct" marks. O'Neal plainly lays out the evolution and continued use of the O' mark since its inception in its Third-Party Complaint․ Consequently, no further statement is necessary concerning O'Neal's infringement claim of the O' mark, given the extremely well-settled law that a party is entitled to modify a mark over the years if the change neither creates a new mark nor changes the commercial impression created by the old mark, especially where the only change concerned is lettering style.
In addition, the district court expressly considered and rejected such argument: "This Court is unpersuaded by O'Neal's claim that it uses only one mark that has been slightly altered over the years because two of the marks alleged to be one have been registered separately and the marks presented appear to this Court to be more than just slightly different." Thus, the district court had an adequate opportunity to rule, and actually did rule, on the tacking issue, making it the "law of the case" and not subject to reopening. See Agostini v. Felton, 521 U.S. 203, 236, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997) ("Under [the law of the case] doctrine, a court should not reopen issues decided in earlier stages of the same litigation."). This is hardly a case in which a party treated the district court "as a mere ill-placed bunker to be circumvented" on his way to the appellate court. Allen, 435 F.3d at 960.
Though we are persuaded that O'Neal raised the tacking issue in the district court, there remains the problem of O'Neal's Notice of Appeal. Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 3 requires a party's Notice of Appeal to "designate the judgment, order, or part thereof being appealed." Fed. R.App. P. 3(c)(1)(B). It is undisputed that O'Neal's Notice of Appeal references only the summary judgment order, not the order granting the motion for a more definite statement.
Because we construe Rule 3(c) liberally, this omission is not fatal. Just this year, we held that a mistake in a notice of appeal does not necessarily doom a case:
[A] mistake in designating the judgment appealed from should not bar appeal as long as the intent to appeal a specific judgment can be fairly inferred and the appellee is not prejudiced by the mistake. In determining whether "intent" and "prejudice" are present, we apply a two-part test: first, whether the affected party had notice of the issue on appeal; and, second, whether the affected party had an opportunity to fully brief the issue.
Ahlmeyer v. Nev. Sys. of Higher Educ., 555 F.3d 1051, 1055 (9th Cir.2009) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); see also Lynn v. Sheet Metal Workers' Int'l Ass'n, 804 F.2d 1472, 1481 (9th Cir.1986).
The tacking issue was central to the case before and during litigation and was discussed extensively in O'Neal's opening brief on appeal. Accordingly, the appellee was "not prejudiced by the mistake" and "had notice of the issue on appeal." Ahlmeyer, 555 F.3d at 1055. O'Neal's discussion of tacking in its opening brief also displays an "intent to appeal a specific judgment." Id. In addition, One Industries "had an opportunity to fully brief the issue" and did so. Id. This case does not involve an attempt to sandbag the opposing party with a new issue presented for the first time on appeal. Accordingly, we conclude that O'Neal did not forfeit the tacking claim.
Satisfied that the tacking issue was preserved for appeal, we turn to O'Neal's procedural challenge. It contends that the district court improperly resolved the issue on a Rule 12(e) motion for a more definite statement rather than in the context of a summary judgment motion. According to O'Neal, because One Industries' Rule 12(e) motion occurred early in the litigation, "discovery was not yet completed and O'Neal had no opportunity to demonstrate that the evolving versions of the O' mark created the same, continuing commercial impression to consumers."
We sympathize with O'Neal's complaint about the appropriateness of resolving this issue on a Rule 12(e) motion. Because tacking requires a highly fact-sensitive inquiry, the better practice is to resolve it on summary judgment, after full discovery. Here, by contrast, the tacking ruling was locked inside an order granting a motion for a more definite statement. We encourage district courts to avoid resolving merits issues, especially fact-sensitive questions, on Rule 12(e) motions. Preserving such questions until later in the litigation will help prevent claims like this one, where the losing party complains that it never had a chance to make its case.
Nevertheless, in this case, we are persuaded that there is no reversible error. While O'Neal was on notice that tacking was at issue on the Rule 12(e) motion, it failed to ask the district court to postpone ruling until after discovery. Nor did O'Neal move for reconsideration. Having acquiesced in the resolution of the issue in the disposition of the Rule 12(e) motion, O'Neal cannot now complain that the district court should have acted differently.1
Having cleared both procedural roadblocks, we turn, finally, to the merits of O'Neal's tacking claim.2 A trademark owner may "claim priority in a mark based on the first use date of a similar, but technically distinct, mark-but only in the exceptionally narrow instance where the previously used mark is the legal equivalent of the mark in question or indistinguishable therefrom such that consumers consider both as the same mark." Brookfield, 174 F.3d at 1047-48 (internal quotation marks omitted). Tacking is a question of fact. See Quiksilver, Inc. v. Kymsta Corp., 466 F.3d 749, 759 (9th Cir.2006). "A question of fact may be resolved as a matter of law if reasonable minds cannot differ and the evidence permits only one conclusion." Id.
"The standard for 'tacking' ․ is exceedingly strict: [t]he marks must create the same, continuing commercial impression, and the later mark should not materially differ from or alter the character of the mark attempted to be tacked." Brookfield, 174 F.3d at 1048 (internal quotation marks omitted). Our precedent demonstrates that tacking is allowed only in narrow circumstances. In Brookfield, we concluded that "moviebuff.com" cannot be tacked onto "The Movie Buff's Movie Store." Id. at 1049. There, we reasoned that " 'The Movie Buff's Movie Store' and 'moviebuff.com' are very different, in that the latter contains three fewer words, drops the possessive, omits a space, and adds'.com' to the end." Id. Similarly, in Quiksilver, we held that the district court erred in tacking "QUIKSILVER ROXY" onto "ROXY." Quiksilver, 466 F.3d at 760. We reasoned that "a reasonable jury could easily conclude that 'QUIKSILVER ROXY' and 'ROXY' did not create the 'same, continuing commercial impression' at the time the 'ROXY' brand was introduced." Id.
Here, because One Industries first used the One Icon in 1999, the most relevant comparison is between the Rounded O' mark, developed in 1997, and the Angular O' mark, created in 2003:
Because the district court resolved the tacking issue as a matter of law, we must decide whether the Rounded O' mark and the Angular O' mark differ to such a degree that no reasonable jury could conclude that they create the "same, continuing commercial impression."
We recognize that this is a close case, but we agree with One Industries and with the district court that O'Neal cannot meet the "exceedingly strict" standard for tacking. Although both marks consist of a styled O followed by an apostrophe, the similarities largely end there. The apostrophes are markedly different: in the Rounded O' mark it is entirely separated from the O and appears to be a standard apostrophe. In contrast, the Angular O' mark's apostrophe is connected to the main image and looks like a triangle. The lower and upper horizontal lines on the Rounded O' mark are thinner than the corresponding lines on the Angular O' mark. While the Rounded O' mark is boxy, the Angular O' mark looks like the outline of a lemon. These differences, in our view, establish that the two marks are not "indistinguishable." Brookfield, 174 F.3d at 1047. Like the marks at issue in Brookfield and Quiksilver, the Rounded O'mark and the Angular O'mark differ in several material respects.
Cases from other circuits and from the Trademark Board confirm that tacking will be allowed only if the marks are virtually identical. The Sixth Circuit has held that "dci" may not be tacked onto "DCI." Data Concepts, Inc. v. Digital Consulting, Inc., 150 F.3d 620, 623-25 (6th Cir.1998). The Federal Circuit has concluded that "CLOTHES THAT WORK. FOR THE WORK YOU DO" cannot be tacked onto "CLOTHES THAT WORK." Van Dyne-Crotty, Inc. v. Wear-Guard Corp., 926 F.2d 1156, 1160 (Fed.Cir.1991). The Trademark Board has refused to tack the phrase "AMERICAN MOBILPHONE PAGING" with a stars and stripes background onto "AMERICAN MOBILPHONE" with the same background. Am. Paging Inc. v. Am. Mobilphone Inc., 13 U.S.P.Q.2d 2036 (T.T.A.B.1989). The Trademark Board has also refused to tack "PRO-CUTS" onto "PRO-KUT." Pro-Cuts v. Schilz-Price Enters. Inc., 27 U.S.P.Q.2d 1224, 1227 (T.T.A.B.1993). In one of the few reported cases allowing tacking that we have found, the Trademark Board allowed a company to tack "Hess's" onto "Hess." Hess's of Allentown, Inc. v. Nat'l Bellas Hess, Inc., 169 U.S.P.Q. 673, 674-75 (T.T.A.B.1971).
Based on this precedent, we conclude that the district court properly granted One Industries' motion for a more definite statement. The material differences between the Rounded O' mark and the Angular O' mark, described above, convince us that this is not one of those "exceptional" instances in which tacking should be permitted.
Persuaded that the district court properly compared the Rounded O' mark with the One Icon, we next consider O'Neal's claim that the district court erred by finding no likelihood of confusion between the two marks. We review a grant of summary judgment de novo, drawing "all reasonable inferences ․ in favor of the non-moving party." Surfvivor Media, Inc. v. Survivor Prods., 406 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir.2005). "Although disfavored in trademark infringement cases, summary judgment may be entered when no genuine issue of material fact exists." Id.
To determine whether a "likelihood of confusion" exists, we employ the eight factor test set forth in AMF Inc. v. Sleekcraft Boats, 599 F.2d 341, 348-49 (9th Cir.1979), abrogated in part on other grounds as recognized in Mattel, Inc. v. Walking Mountain Prods., 353 F.3d 792 (9th Cir.2003): "1. strength of the mark; 2. proximity of the goods; 3. similarity of the marks; 4. evidence of actual confusion; 5. marketing channels used; 6. type of goods and the degree of care likely to be exercised by the purchaser; 7. defendant's intent in selecting the mark; and 8. likelihood of expansion of the product lines." Whether there is a likelihood of confusion between two competing marks is a question of fact. Quiksilver, 466 F.3d at 759.
We have long cautioned that applying the Sleekcraft test is not like counting beans. Dreamwerks Prod. Group, Inc. v. SKG Studio, 142 F.3d 1127, 1129 (9th Cir.1998). "Some factors are much more important than others, and the relative importance of each individual factor will be case-specific." Brookfield, 174 F.3d at 1054. "Although some factors-such as the similarity of the marks and whether the two companies are direct competitors-will always be important, it is often possible to reach a conclusion with respect to likelihood of confusion after considering only a subset of the factors." Id. The Sleekcraft factors are not exhaustive, "and non-listed variables may often be quite important." Id.
Applying Sleekcraft, the district court concluded that there is no likelihood of confusion as a matter of law. Accordingly, the question we must decide on appeal is whether a reasonable jury could conclude that a consumer might reasonably believe that a One Industries helmet is actually an O'Neal helmet. In other words, we must step into the shoes of a motocross racer as he or she browses for helmets. Would confusion be likely?
The two logos appear as follows:
We consider the Sleekcraft factors in order of their general importance in this particular case. We begin by recognizing that O'Neal and One Industries compete directly in the market for motorcycle products, meaning that the second and fifth Sleekcraft factors weigh in favor of a finding of likelihood of confusion.
Keeping the relevant market in mind, we turn to the third Sleekcraft factor: the similarity of the marks. We look to "sight, sound and meaning" to determine the similarity of competing marks. Dreamwerks, 142 F.3d at 1131. Because any consumer confusion in this case would occur as motocross enthusiasts select helmets inside a store or during online browsing, sight is significantly more important when comparing these marks than sound or meaning. Verbally articulating the Rounded O' mark or the One Icon, or mentally pondering the meaning of the marks, is not part of buying a motorcycle helmet. Cf. id. (trademark case involving "Dreamwerks" and "Dreamworks," in which the identical sounds of the two marks were important).
We agree with the district court that the two marks are visually dissimilar. A key distinguishing characteristic of the Rounded O' mark is a prominent apostrophe, which the One Icon noticeably lacks. The One Icon consists of "two angular symbols ․ placed in such a way that a 'Z'-shaped space appears between the two," while the "Rounded O is clearly a letter 'O' with a prominent apostrophe and is slightly angled." Also, the One Icon sometimes appears in different colors.
A comparison of how the marks appear in the marketplace confirms the conclusion that the marks are visually dissimilar. See Lindy Pen Co. v. Bic Pen Corp., 725 F.2d 1240, 1245 (9th Cir.1984). Below is a snapshot of an O'Neal helmet featuring the Rounded O' mark (left) and a One Industries helmet (right) featuring the One Icon.
Our hypothetical motocross enthusiast would be able to distinguish between these helmets. The disputed marks appear in entirely different locations on the helmets and are surrounded by different designs. Accordingly, the dissimilarity of the marks suggests that confusion is unlikely.
We turn next to the fourth Sleekcraft factor. "Evidence of actual confusion constitutes persuasive proof that future confusion is likely." Thane Int'l, Inc. v. Trek Bicycle Corp., 305 F.3d 894, 902 (9th Cir.2002) (internal quotation marks omitted). "[I]f a party produces evidence from which a reasonable jury could surmise that an appreciable number of people are confused about the source of the product, then it is entitled to a trial on the likelihood of confusion-although it will not necessarily prevail at that trial." Id. Here, however, O'Neal produced no evidence of actual confusion between the Rounded O' mark and the One Icon.3 Accordingly, the fourth Sleekcraft factor weighs against a finding of a likelihood of confusion.
The lack of evidence of any deceptive intent on One Industries' part-the seventh Sleekcraft factor-also weighs in its favor. "While an intent to confuse consumers is not required for a finding of trademark infringement, intent to deceive is strong evidence of a likelihood of confusion. When the alleged infringer knowingly adopts a mark similar to another's, reviewing courts presume that the defendant can accomplish his purpose: that is, that the public will be deceived." Entrepreneur Media, Inc. v. Smith, 279 F.3d 1135, 1148 (9th Cir.2002) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
O'Neal contends that One Industries intended to trade on the goodwill established by the O' mark. In support of this argument, O'Neal claims that "at the time One Industries planned its helmet line, it knew O'Neal was selling helmets." O'Neal also emphasizes One Industries' admission "that in planning its helmet line it 'looked [at] what was going on in the helmet business' and 'grabbed pretty much the best helmets in the industry.' " "Given that O'Neal's helmets were among the best selling helmets, it is reasonable to infer that One Industries 'grabbed' O'Neal's helmets." Finally, O'Neal points out that One Industries did not place its name on its helmets. "By doing this," O'Neal contends, "its intent to trade off the strength of O'Neal's mark can be inferred."
The evidence of intent to deceive O'Neal proffers is weak, to say the least. O'Neal provides no evidence that "grabbing the best helmets in the industry" had anything to do with O'Neal's O' mark. In addition, One Industries points out that the name "One Industries" appears on the boxes and product literature accompanying its helmets, and that One Industries "used the two primary logos they had been using the previous five years, the 'One Icon' and the'One Angular' marks." Because O'Neal offers nothing linking One Industries to the Rounded O' mark, no reasonable jury could conclude that One Industries intended to deceive consumers by trading off the goodwill associated with the Rounded O' mark. Accordingly, the lack of evidence of intent to deceive also supports the district court's conclusion.
Next, we address the first Sleekcraft factor: the strength of O'Neal's mark. "Trademark law offers greater protection to marks that are 'strong,' i.e., distinctive." E. & J. Gallo Winery v. Gallo Cattle Co., 967 F.2d 1280, 1291 (9th Cir.1992). "The strength of a mark is determined by its placement on a continuum of marks from 'generic,' afforded no protection; through 'descriptive' or 'suggestive,' given moderate protection; to 'arbitrary' or 'fanciful' awarded maximum protection." Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
Generic marks are "those that refer to the genus of which the particular product is a species." Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc., 505 U.S. 763, 768, 112 S.Ct. 2753, 120 L.Ed.2d 615 (1992) (internal quotation marks omitted). "Descriptive terms directly describe the quality or features of the product." Brookfield, 174 F.3d at 1058 n. 19. "A suggestive mark conveys an impression of a good but requires the exercise of some imagination and perception to reach a conclusion as to the product's nature." Id. Finally, "[a]rbitrary and fanciful marks have no intrinsic connection to the product with which the mark is used; the former consists of words commonly used in the English language ․ whereas the latter are wholly made-up terms." Id. (citation omitted).
Identifying whether a mark is generic, descriptive, suggestive, arbitrary or fanciful, however, is only the first step of the inquiry. "The second step is to determine the strength of this mark in the marketplace." Miss World (UK) Ltd. v. Mrs. Am. Pageants, Inc., 856 F.2d 1445, 1449 (9th Cir.1988), abrogated in part on other grounds as recognized in Eclipse Assocs. Ltd. v. Data Gen. Corp., 894 F.2d 1114 (9th Cir.1990). When similar marks permeate the marketplace, the strength of the mark decreases. "In a crowded field of similar marks, each member of the crowd is relatively weak in its ability to prevent use by others in the crowd." Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
The Rounded O' mark is "fanciful," entitling it to strong protection. By itself, the mark neither describes nor "conveys an impression of a good." Brookfield, 174 F.3d at 1058 n. 19. The Rounded O' mark has "no intrinsic connection to the product with which the mark is used [i.e. a motocross helmet]" and is a "wholly made up term[ ]." Id. The record, however, contains several examples of similar O marks used by different companies, including Oakley, OGIO, and Alloy MX. Such use of other "O" symbols weakens the Rounded O' mark. Based upon these offsetting considerations, we agree with the district court's apparent view that the first Sleekcraft factor, at best, weighs slightly in favor of finding confusion.4
Although O'Neal and One Industries are direct competitors, we are persuaded that the marks do not look alike, that O'Neal has not produced evidence of actual confusion, and that no reasonable jury could infer that One Industries deliberately appropriated the goodwill associated with the O' mark. The O' mark, though conceptually strong, is weakened by the presence of other, similar marks. In the absence of evidence of actual confusion or intent to deceive, we decline to grant O'Neal a virtual monopoly on the use of the letter "O" on motorcycle helmets. The mere fact that the two companies are direct competitors and happen to use the same letter on their products is not sufficient to show infringement. Accordingly, we conclude that there is no likelihood of confusion in this case, and that the district court properly granted summary judgment to One Industries.
We turn, lastly, to O'Neal's remaining claims.
O'Neal contends that One Industries' One Angular Mark infringes its O'NEAL mark. A side-by-side comparison of the two marks speaks for itself:
We agree with the district court that because these marks are "dramatically different," there is no likelihood of confusion. To be sure, the O'NEAL mark is stronger than the Rounded O' mark because it is more distinctive and is not weakened by other similar marks in the industry. In addition, we must credit O'Neal's evidence of actual confusion because the O'NEAL mark predated the One Icon. Nevertheless, the evidence of confusion is weak because none of it suggests that the source of confusion was the alleged similarity between the O'NEAL mark and the One Angular mark.
More importantly, a comparison of the two marks plainly demonstrates that they are not at all similar in sight, sound, or meaning. The One Angular mark is missing an apostrophe and an "AL" and is designed in a completely different manner. The two marks sound nothing alike and mean different things. Again, we decline to grant O'Neal a virtual monopoly on helmet designs that include the letter "O" or the word "One." Because the two marks are entirely different, we are satisfied that no reasonable jury could find a likelihood of confusion.
O'Neal also claims that One Industries' trade dress infringes O'Neal's trade dress. This claim is unpersuasive. 11617 "In contrast to a trademark, 'trade dress' refers to the 'total image of a product' and may include features such as size, shape, color, color combinations, texture or graphics." Int'l Jensen, Inc. v. Metrosound USA, Inc., 4 F.3d 819, 822 (9th Cir.1993). O'Neal identifies its trade dress as "its O'NEAL mark located on the lower side of the helmet in bold typeface against a graphical background." To state a claim for trade dress infringement, a plaintiff must show that its trade dress "(1) is nonfunctional; (2) is either inherently distinctive or has acquired a secondary meaning; and (3) is likely to be confused with [the competing trade dress] by members of the consuming public." Id. at 823. Although O'Neal's trade dress is nonfunctional and has arguably acquired secondary meaning, we have already concluded that no reasonable factfinder could find a likelihood of confusion between the O'NEAL mark and the One Icon. Accordingly, the district court properly granted summary judgment to One Industries.5
Accordingly, the district court's grant of One Industries' motion for a more definite statement, and its grant of summary judgment to One Industries are
I agree with the majority's conclusion that O'Neal did not forfeit the tacking argument by failing to raise it in the district court or in its notice of appeal. Maj. op. at 1158-59. I also agree with the majority's treatment of the One Angular mark/O'Neal mark and the trade dress claim. Maj. op. at 1165. But I disagree with the majority's holding that the district court committed no reversible error by ruling on the tacking issue-which the majority recognizes as a "highly fact-sensitive inquiry," maj. op. at 1160-in the context of a motion for a more definite statement, rather than in post-discovery summary judgment proceedings or later.
As the majority acknowledges, tacking is a question of fact. Maj. op. at 1160-61; Quiksilver, Inc. v. Kymsta Corp., 466 F.3d 749, 759 (9th Cir.2006). Whether tacking is an issue of law or fact was a matter of first impression for the Quiksilver court. 466 F.3d at 759. The Quiksilver court broke with two other circuits, recognizing the fact-dependent nature of certain trademark questions, such as likelihood of confusion and tacking. See Quiksilver, 466 F.3d at 759; cf. Data Concepts, Inc. v. Digital Consulting, Inc., 150 F.3d 620, 623 (6th Cir.1998); Van Dyne-Crotty, Inc. v. Wear-Guard Corp., 926 F.2d 1156, 1159 (Fed.Cir.1991).
A court may resolve a question of fact as a matter of law only if reasonable minds cannot differ and the evidence permits but one conclusion. Quiksilver, 466 F.3d at 759. The district court here erred by resolving the tacking question as a matter of law in a motion for a more definite statement, without receiving any evidence or making a supportable finding that reasonable minds could not differ on the issue. The court ruled on the motion on the basis of the parties' moving papers only, without oral argument.1 The parties began initial discovery more than a month after submitting their moving papers on the motion by filing a Joint Discovery Plan on December 15, 2006.
In my view, it was inappropriate for the court to decide that O'Neal was not permitted to tack its 2003 mark to its older marks as a matter of law in a pre-discovery Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(e) order. At that stage in the litigation, it would have been impossible for the district court to conclude that reasonable minds could not differ and that the evidence permitted only one conclusion regarding tacking. Indeed, the court made no such finding, and the majority itself concedes that this is a "close case." Maj. op. at ----.2 The order granting the motion states only that the "Court is unpersuaded by O'Neal's claim that it uses only one mark that has been slightly altered over the years." That conclusory statement, unsupported by any evidence in the record at that time, is not enough to decide the highly fact-dependent question of tacking as a matter of law. I would therefore reverse and remand.
1. For this reason, we disagree with the dissent's assertion that the district court erred "by resolving the tacking question as a matter of law in a motion for a more definite statement, without receiving any evidence or making a supportable finding that reasonable minds could not differ on the issue." Dissent at 11619. As discussed above, O'Neal did not object to resolving the issue during a pre-discovery Rule 12(e) motion. The district judge was not obligated to instruct O'Neal how to litigate its case.
2. We have never decided what standard of review to apply to an order on a motion for a more definite statement. The Fifth Circuit reviews such orders for an abuse of discretion. See Old Time Enters., Inc. v. Int'l Coffee Corp., 862 F.2d 1213, 1217 (5th Cir.1989); Mitchell v. E-Z Way Towers, Inc., 269 F.2d 126, 130 (5th Cir.1959). We need not decide the issue here, however, because the district court resolved tacking as a matter of law.
3. O'Neal produced evidence of actual confusion between helmets featuring the Angular O' mark and One Industries' helmets. As the district court concluded, however, O'Neal's evidence post-dates the advent of the 1999 One Icon and the 2003 Angular O' mark. Therefore, the evidence is not relevant to a comparison of the Rounded O' mark with the One Icon.
4. The sixth Sleekcraft factor-the degree of care that customers are likely to exercise-does not weigh strongly in either direction. Helmets are not like T-shirts, but neither are they like cars. We agree with the district court's assessment: "a customer may not be as discerning when purchasing less expensive items such as t-shirts, but the higher price of helmets would involve a higher degree of care by purchasers."
5. The district also properly granted summary judgment on O'Neal's state law claims for unfair competition and cancellation of trademark registrations. Both sides agree that these claims follow directly from the federal claims. See Acad. of Motion Picture Arts & Scis. v. Creative House Promotions, Inc., 944 F.2d 1446, 1457 (9th Cir.1991) ("An action for unfair competition under Cal. Bus. & Prof.Code §§ 17200 et seq. is substantially congruent to a trademark infringement claim under the Lanham Act.") (internal quotation marks omitted).
1. The court may have been led astray by One Industries' reliance on Sixth Circuit, rather than Ninth Circuit, precedent in its reply in support of the motion for a more definite statement claiming that "[w]hether two variants constitute a single mark is a question of law" (citing Data Concepts, 150 F.3d at 624).
2. I am not aware of any precedent in which tacking has been rejected as a matter of law when the two marks are so closely related and alike. Here, both marks involve a non-capital, right-slanted, thick-sided, bold, and stylized "o" with an apostrophe after it at the upper right corner. See maj. op. at ----. The cases cited by the majority, deciding that tacking was not allowed as a matter of law, either occurred after fuller factual development; or involved the addition, replacement, or subtraction of words or letters (or a conversion from capital to small letters, or vice versa); or both. Maj. op. at ---- - ----. None of those changes occurred here.
Opinion by Judge O'SCANNLAIN; Partial Concurrence and Partial Dissent by Judge GRABER.


text:
Lancashire vs Worcestershire, North Group, Match Prediction
Lancashire vs Worcestershire, free match prediction
17 Apr 2019 | 12:30 | Old Trafford, Manchester Old Trafford, Manchester
242/10 (40.4) 0.00
Worcestershire won by 125 runs
Will Lancashire get off to a good start?
Last season, Worcestershire suffered defeat at the hands of Kent in the semifinals of the competition.
Lancashire managed to win only three games out of eight played last season and failed to qualify for the playoffs of the tournament.
Glenn Maxwell will be one player to watch out for Lancashire in this year's competition.
Our Prediction is Worcestershire to win!
Format: One Day
Venue: Old Trafford, Manchester
Host Lancashire will be keen to start on a positive note when they face Worcestershire in the 2nd game of Royal London One-Day Cup at Old Trafford, Manchester on Wednesday.
Lancashire will be keen to get off to good start in this year's competition. Last season, the side failed to qualify for the playoffs and managed to win only three games in the competition. Captain Dane Vilas will be looking to produce their best effort with bat and ball in their home fixture.
Worcestershire will certainly start as one of the favorites to win this year's competition. The side performed exceedingly well in last year's edition and will be focused to go the distance this time around. Captain Joe Leach will be confident that the side gets off to a winning start this season.
Lancashire Preview
Lancashire have signed Australian duo of Glenn Maxwell and Joe Burns for this year's competition. Joe Burns is certainly going to bat at the top. The right-handed batsman was signed by the county side as a replacement for Liam Livingstone, who is currently playing in the Indian Premier League for Rajasthan Royals.
Wicket-keeper Dane Vilas will lead the side in the absence of Livingstone for the early stages of the tournament.
Joe Burns will be keen to make an impression with the bat in the early phase of the competition. He will be looking to score consistently for the side at the top of the innings.
Burns might partner Keaton Jennings at the top of the innings for this game. Last year, Jennings played exceedingly and finished as the leading run-scorer for Lancashire with 375 runs in 6 innings. He will be looking to do well in this year's tournament.
Dane Vilas and Alex Davies are also experienced players in the batting department that need to deliver runs with the bat in this year's contribution.
Haseeb Hameed is another player who will be focused to make his mark with the bat. All-rounders Steven Croft and Josh Bohannon will certainly play this game.
In the bowling department, the side will be relying on the likes of Graham Onions and Tom Bailey to deliver breakthroughs with the new-ball. The side will be hoping that leg-spinner Matt Parkinson can provide wickets for the side in this game. Last year, he finished as leading wicket-taker with 18 wickets at an average of 18.22.
Lancashire Predicted Playing XI:
Keaton Jennings, Joe Burns, Glenn Maxwell, Dane Vilas (c), Haseeb Hameed, Graham Onions, Steven Croft, Josh Bohannon, Stephen Parry, Matt Parkinson, Tom Bailey
Worcestershire Preview
Worcestershire will be keen to produce a good result in their opening game of the competition. The side will see Daryl Mitchell and Joe Clarke open the innings in this game. The duo will be looking to produce decent starts for Worcestershire. Last year, Clarke scored 306 runs in 9 innings at an average of 34.00 with one century to his name.
Captain Joe Leach will also be determined to make this opportunity count as he will be keen for his side to draw first blood in this contest.
Callum Ferguson and Ben Cox have been bankable players in the batting lineup for Worcestershire. The two were standout performers with the bat for Worcestershire last season. The side will be hoping that can do better with the bat in this year's competition.
Ross Whiteley will be a crucial player in the setup. Middle-order batsman has the ability to change the course of the game within few overs.
Joe Leach and Brett D'Oliviera are quality all-rounders for the side for this game. Moeen Ali will not be available for the county side as he is playing for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Indian Premier League.
Wayne Parnell is another valuable addition to the side for this year's competition. South African all-rounder is certainly an accomplished cricketer who can provide value with bat and ball.
In the bowling department, the side will be depending on the likes Joe Leach, Ed Barnard and Charlie Morris to produce breakthroughs with the new-ball. Brett D'Oliviera, Daryl Mitchell and PR Brown are other bowling options for the side for this game.
Worcestershire Predicted Playing XI:
Joe Leach (c), Daryl Mitchell, Joe Clarke, Ben Cox, Callum Ferguson, Wayne Parnell, Brett D'Oliviera, Ross Whiteley, Ed Barnard, Charlie Morris, PR Brown
It is early part of the season so conditions might favor the bowlers rather than batsmen. The weather forecast for the game on Wednesday is going to be partly cloudy.
Old Trafford Cricket Stadium in Manchester is set to host all the home fixtures for Lancashire for this year's competition. Lancashire have a poor head-to-head record against Worcestershire in the competition.
Both the teams will be looking to win the toss and bowl first in order to make use of lively conditions at the venue. The quick bowlers will certainly get assistance off the pitch. In recent times, sides batting second have won majority of the one-day games played at this venue.
Host Lancashire will certainly be keen to start afresh in this year's competition. The inclusion of Glenn Maxwell and Joe Burns will bolster their batting resources for this season. On the other hand, Worcestershire is certainly a superior side in comparison to Lancashire and will be focused to do well in their opening fixture.
Expect Worcestershire to win this match by a good margin.
Featured bookmaker: Leo Vegas!
Author: Shoaib Z.
Cape Cobras vs Knights, 13th Match Prediction (16 Apr 2019)
Kent vs Hampshire, South Group, Match Prediction (17 Apr 2019)


EXETER, N.H. – Panic among some Democrats about Hillary Clinton running into trouble with Bernie Sanders is spreading so rapidly that the idea of drafting Vice President Joe Biden is popping up yet again.
Fox News has learned that a prominent backer of the "Draft Biden 2016" movement, Tulsa businessman Bill Bartmann, fired off an email Friday afternoon to several dozen Democratic allies musing about the possibility of reviving the push for Biden.
"I would urge all of you to join me in 'keeping our powder dry' until we see if for the good of the party and the country, we should resurrect (sic) the Draft Biden movement," Bartmann wrote to fellow Democrats who had been involved in trying to draft Biden last year.
In his email, Bartmann specifically cited as an impetus for his concern a new national poll showing a steep dive for Clinton, who just barely beat Sanders in Iowa and now trails him by double digits here in New Hampshire.
A new poll by Quinnipiac found that nationally, Clinton is only up two points, 44 percent to 42 percent, after leading the Democratic Socialist senator in the same poll by 31 points back in December.
Aides to Clinton have discounted the accuracy of the Quinnipiac poll, and have been saying in recent days that they are very comfortable in believing the race will settle down as contests move South beyond Iowa and New Hampshire, and the former secretary of state is able to show off her advantage with African-American voters.
The Draft Biden 2016 movement gained steam for several months last year, but then disbanded in the fall after the vice president mulled a presidential bid and then ultimately decided against it.
There is absolutely no evidence that Biden is re-thinking his decision to skip the race, though in January he said he was sorry that he had not launched a bid.
"I regret it every day, but it was the right decision for my family and for me, and I plan on staying deeply involved," Biden told NBC affiliate WVIT in Hartford, Conn.
Bartmann is the founder and CEO of CFS2, Inc., a consumer financial recovery company. He originally contributed to the Ready for Hillary PAC and then soured on Clinton, urging Biden to run.
"Instead of being Ready for Hillary, we're waiting for Joe," Bartmann told The Wall Street Journal back in October.
On Friday, Bartmann did not return a call and email seeking comment from Fox about his email.


Producers: 4,238 smallholder farmers (1,707 women; 2,531 men) in 16 secteurs. 2 of 7 board members are women.
Post-harvest process: Fully Washed from 3 central washing stations, also farmer-washed; raised, mesh drying tables with shade nets; cupping lab and trained cupper.
Certifications: Fairtrade, Organic. Achieved organic certification in January 2017.
From 350 founder members in 2009, the co-operative has grown to over 4000 members by 2017. They are producing specialty fully-washed Arabica in the mountains of Eastern Congo, against the backdrop of Lake Kivu.
Click here for a hand-drawn map from Muungano of the different coffee communities.
Muungano's farmers are establishing a strong reputation among specialty coffee aficionados for their Fully Washed Arabica coffee. They have invested in coffee nurseries and built community-level washing stations; and they are renovating the land by planting new seedlings and harvesting the coffee scrupulously.
Muungano has three coffee washing stations and a fully-equipped cupping lab with an internationally trained cupper.
Farmers tend to the land naturally, using homemade compost and mulch. Since the coffee is interspersed with villages and homes, they see this as important for people's health as well as the environment. In January 2017, Muungano's farmers achieved organic certification.
The farmers are taking measures to combat the risks of landslides in heavy rain, including planting trees with deep roots to strengthen the soil structure.


text:
Q: How to do an "or" in chai should How do I do an or test with chai.should?
e.g. something like
total.should.equal(4).or.equal(5)

or
total.should.equal.any(4,5)

What's the right syntax?  I couldn't find anything in the documentation.

A: Asserts that the target is a member of the given array list. However, it's often best to assert that the target is equal to its expected value.
expect(1).to.be.oneOf([1, 2, 3]);
expect(1).to.not.be.oneOf([2, 3, 4]);

https://www.chaijs.com/api/bdd/#method_oneof

A: Viewing the Chai expect / should documentation, there are several ways to do this test.
Note that you can chain using "and" but apparently not "or" - wish they had this functionality.

*

*Check whether an object passes a truth test:

.satisfy(method)
@param{ Function }matcher
@param{ String }message_optional_

Asserts that the target passes a given truth test.

Example:
expect(1).to.satisfy(function(num) { return num > 0; });

In your case, to test an "or" condition:
yourVariable.should.satisfy(function (num) {
    if ((num === 4) || (num === 5)) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
});

*Check whether a number is within a range:

.within(start, finish)
@param{ Number }startlowerbound inclusive
@param{ Number }finishupperbound inclusive
@param{ String }message_optional_

Asserts that the target is within a range.

Example:
expect(7).to.be.within(5,10);

A: I have a similar problem to write tests to postman. I solved using the following script:
// delete all products, need token with admin role to complete this operation
pm.test("response is ok and should delete all products", function() {
    pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.satisfy((status) => status === 204 || status === 404);
});

A: Here, I shared exactly what you need to check.
expect(true).to.satisfy(() => {
    if (total == 4 || total == 5) return true;
    else return false;
});

A: Because chai assertions throw error you could use try/catch construction:
try {
    total.should.equal(4)
} catch (e) {
    total.should.equal(5)
}

example of more difficult case:
try {
    expect(result).to.have.nested.property('data.' + options.path, null)
} catch (e) {
    expect(result).to.have.property('data', null)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


AHA was engaged to evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of resources developed as part of the Commonwealth Government's Plan for Early Childhood and the Plan for Tackling Obesity. These resources were specifically designed to promote and support healthy eating and physical activity in children attending Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services such as centre based care, Family Day Care and Preschools.
AHA consulted a range of stakeholders across the sector. Surveys, interviews, targeted focus groups and consultations were undertaken to gather input from large numbers of stakeholders, specifically National ECEC service Directors, Coordinators and Educators, samples of participant ECEC staff, Peak Body representatives and ECEC parents and carers.
Effectiveness and appropriateness was established through identifying gaps and barriers, the alignment of objectives to other state and national initiatives and through identifying how the resources could be improved.
The Final Report's findings were derived from the data gathered during these consultations as well as through a review of key documents and a literature review of relevant, peer-reviewed publications.
Details of the 'Get Up & Grow – Healthy Eating and Physical Activity for Early Childhood' resources are available at the Department's website.
Our children's early years are arguably their most important and establishing healthy behaviors from birth will lay the foundation for lifelong health and wellbeing. Nutritious food and regular physical activity supports the normal growth and development of children and reduces the risk of developing chronic lifestyle related diseases later in life.


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Table tents certainly can boost sales if being used properly. This business tactic is one of its kind. It is pretty simple but yet it connects to whosoever reads this. Table tents can be used for various reasons and purposes, but the main thing is to manifest sales/marketing etc. Sometimes, table tents are also used for bigger ball parties, get together, weddings and birthdays. Stores, restaurants, cafes and hotels use them very often for menu as well as for table reservations etc. so you can use this free table tent mockup design for your personal or commercial projects.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

	<meta charset="utf-8">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" >
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/main.css" >
	<title>600613</title>

600613 - 0|V|G

				<input id="searchkeyword-main" class="form-control searchkeyword" type="text" value="|-|3110 W0R|D!"/>

					<button id="searchbutton-main" class="btn btn-default">s3a|`ch</button>

Powered by XericZephyr @GitHub

	    		600613-0|V|G

					<input id="searchkeyword" class="form-control" type="text" value="|-|3110 W0R|D!"/>

				<button id="searchbutton" class="btn btn-default">s3a|`ch</button>

Powered By
				@XericZephyr

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
World Kindness Day 2020: Theme, History and Celebrations
World Kindness Day – 13th November 2020
World Kindness Day is celebrated on November 13th every year around the globe. This Day is an extraordinary day to impart the qualities of kindness and spread love and everlasting good qualities with one another. Service is shown not just to human beings, but we need to preserve our love and warmth for animals, birds, all living creatures around us and care for the environment around us too. Kindness is a trait that is imbibed when we shower empathy and care and dissuade from negative feelings.
We should encourage children to develop excellent characteristics of service and help them cultivate it right from their childhood. In this article, we shall dig deeper into the many aspects of World Kindness Day 2020 by detailing into its history, importance, themes and celebrations. Last but not least, we shall also discuss relevant FAQs that are important to this topic.
World Kindness Day – History
It all started in the year 1997 when many organizations around the world based on the working protocol of kindness started a new movement to create awareness on the theme of 'kindness'. This movement took wings in Tokyo in 1997 under the name 'World Kindness movement'. This movement was supported by many nations, namely India, Italy, Australia, Nairobi, Thailand and many parts of the US and UK. Singapore too joined the league of supporting member nations, but much later.
All these organizations who subscribed to the movement wore common grounds on the theme of 'kindness'. They did not buy any aspect of political/ religious/ social/regional or linguistic affiliations and instead worked to spread the love around the world. The World Kindness Movement decided to start 'World Kindness Day' as part of their concluding aspects of the Tokyo Convention of 1997.
So, officially the World Kindness Day took formal beginning in the year 1998. The year 1998 saw the first-ever grand launch of the World Kindness Day under the aegis of 'World Kindness Movement'.
All members who joined this movement to support the special Day collaborated on a common platform of spreading love, compassion and kindness with each other. The United Nations has not passed any resolution to celebrate World Kindness Day on official terms. It is more of an informal celebration brought together by many working NGOs who understand and emphasize the value of 'kindness' in this world. More than 28 member countries have been following the Day's celebrations and making arrangements to celebrate the Day every year.
Significance of World Kindness Day
As on today, the World kindness movement has been granted deemed status under the Swiss government laws. It has been declared a non-government organization, a situation that is sought after as a privilege by many. It has led many to start similar movements worldwide. In the year 2009, the movement spread to many countries, including India and Italy.
By around 2010, the movement developed a broader audience in the province of UK. Inspired by the celebrations of World Kindness Day, Fort Saskatchewan public library published a book-themed on kindness named "Stories of kindness". Kindness is best advocated when taught by parents to their children from a very young age. Kindness is a form of gesture that is mostly diminishing in today's scenarios.
We often encounter road rage where motorists and drivers forget lane discipline and implicate false allegations on one another. This kind of blame game ignores the inner peace and ethical behaviour that we ought to portray. Instead, the mind become fuelled to vent anger and forget the entire chunk of kindness within.
People who show less kindness in their behaviour have been scientifically proven to produce more stress hormones in their body. The generation of cortisol, the stress hormone decreases by 23% when people are in reasonable control of their emotions and display sweet gestures of kindness in their attitude.
Kindness also leads people to develop less anxiety, lower frustration levels and loads of patience. This directly improves brain health and balances the blood pressure in the body. A healthy mind always stays in a healthy body. One of the most elegant ways to improve our health and look younger with longevity is to select kindness as one of our original characters.
World Kindness Day 2020 Themes
The year 2019 introduced a unique, trendsetting system of allocating ideas for celebration of World Kindness Day every year. 2019 had the most promising idea by the name empathy. It helped strike the right chords with people across the globe. It banished distinction and differentiation on the grounds of caste, creed, religion or economic status.
It gave superior priority to 'humanity'. It felt the pain and sufferings of fellow human beings. The theme encouraged people to go out of their way and help each other to make the world a better place. We can understand kindness better when we experience pain by standing in other's people's shoes. We have to lead a mission by setting an example.
We should shower love and express kindness to those in pain. We have to spread positivity through our small acts of kindness and empower each other to take on the world with a smile.
World Kindness Day Celebrations
It's important to be kind. It is equally important to inspire others to be kind-hearted too. World Kindness Day is all about these two facets of kindness. In a world that's always in the rat race to be ahead in competition in every sphere of life, kindness most often takes a backseat. The need of the hour is to encourage and spread awareness to people, communities, societies and nations to preach and practise kindness. We ought to be kind and take care of our environment too.
Celebrations for World Kindness day could be conducted with many activities like cleanliness drives, high tea parties of like-minded individuals, pet care activities, volunteering and doing marathon runs. Empathy towards the aged population can be extended through particular concern on World Kindness Day. Children centric activities at schools and educational institutions are great attractions. Extending a helping hand to the poor and needs by organizing food and cloth drives would shower and fulfil the mission of kindness.
Kindness is not a trophy achievement in life. It is one of the essential qualities associated with humanity. Compassion brings us closer to mother nature. It spins an unconditional bond between individuals. Strangers become friends and enemies turn into well-wishers. Kindness can transform the personality of an individual and fill him with positivity. Come, let's celebrate World Kindness Day with great enthusiasm and spread love and laughter.
1. What is World Kindness Day?
World Kindness Day is a unique mission adopted by the World Kindness Movement to spread awareness on the importance of kindness in society.
2. What is the purpose of World Kindness Day?
Nowadays, kindness is becoming a rare quality in human beings. To bring back positivity and functional traits in human beings towards fellow persons, animals, birds and the environment, World Kindness Day is celebrated.
3. How do we celebrate World Kindness Day?
World Kindness Day can be celebrated by collaborating with NGOs and volunteer organizations to spread the message of kindness and love. We can hold special events for children, aged and organize food drives for poor and needy.
4. What is National Kindness Day?
Every year, February 17th is celebrated as National Random acts of kindness Day to spread the messages of love, care, warmth, empathy and well-being.
5. What are 10 acts of kindness?
Some of the underlying acts of kindness include flashing a smile, helping someone cross the road, wishing people every day, being polite in our mannerisms, complimenting others truthfully, thanking someone for the services they offered us, treating a person with goodies, apologizing for committing a mistake, offering to step back in a queue to provide space to a needy person, helping others around us.
6. What is the theme for World Kindness Day 2020?
The theme for World kindness Day 2020 is yet to be finalized by the World Kindness Movement.


When you talk to many couples today, you'll notice that most of them feel that they do not really need marriage counseling and they may never have attended any session. The perception in society is that marriage counseling is only for married couples who are in problems. The reason why you need marriage counselors is because they're going to really help you. Even when in a very good relationship with your spouse, you can be able to get a lot of help when you go to the marriage counselor. The availability of marriage counselors from physical locations in towns and cities and their availability on online platforms means that they are so available for you. It can be very easy for you to get ideas of marriage counselors that you will be able to work with because they need to be the very best. When you decide to hire marriage counselors, it is important to book sessions and both of you should agree to attend the session. You will need to visit the marriage counselors because of the different things that will be explained in the article.
It would be very important for you to ensure that you have resolved the problems that you have to use the services provided by the marriage counselor. Some of the issues that have been known to cause a lot of problems between couples to include finances, intimacy, scheduling or other kinds of communication. Dealing with some of these issues on your own can be very difficult and that is why looking for external professional help can be great. It would be good to look for help or a neutral party that is going to help you to have the same views. Another reason why you should be interested in working with marriage counselors is that they're going to help you to be emotionally connected at the same time. Another reason why you need marriage counselors is that they will be very objective in everything that they are doing especially in finding a resolution. The avoiding of major problems in the future is also another thing why you should be looking for marriage counselors. There are a lot of trends that have been observed in couples and when you understand them and be able to know the solutions before all of these things, prevention becomes very easy.
You'll notice that marriage counselors are very especially because they will help you to express yourself and be able to vent out. Marriage counselors are also quite affordable and you do not have to fear the costs. Using such services will always be recommended for couples.
A website like www.bristollair.com will provide you with the highest quality in the industry. A digital studio or web studio create all things digital. This can be anything from websites, marketing materials, apps to email campaigns. When you are looking for a reputable web studio you should look at their previous work, check they communicate well and have services that are affordable for your business.
When it comes to the medical marijuana dispensaries, it is such a challenge choosing one no matter how experienced you may happen to be in this area. There is so much you want to take into consideration all the way from the need to ensure that you are getting the highest quality cannabis products to ensuring that you get the best treatment and service from the budtenders at the dispensaries. These have as such led so many to be at a loss when it comes to the need to choose the best of the cannabis dispensaries. Read on and see some of the things that when factored will go such a long way in helping you tell of the best of the cannabis dispensaries to buy your medical or recreational marijuana from.
The atmosphere and the general feeling you have around and inside the marijuana dispensary is one of the most important things that you need to take into consideration so as to tell of the right one for your needs for recreational or medical marijuana. By and large, the best of the cannabis dispensaries to settle for are supposed to be the kind that indeed make you feel at home and have such a high level of professionalism in them and not the kind of experience that happens to be so common at some of the common backstreet headshop outlets. This is for the fact that when you get to a cannabis dispensary, you want to make sure that you are at a facility that makes you feel as welcomed and supported as much as can be. As such the attendants at the best, the most reputable and reliable cannabis dispensaries will live up to their mission to help and guide their clients, like you are, to choose the strain that will most serve and meet their needs.
The next aspect to be as deliberate with as you review the best of the recreational marijuana dispensaries for your needs is the product offering at the dispensary. The medical cannabis products are often consumed in a lot of different ways and the manner that you will be consuming them will be determined by the condition you happen to be suffering from and with the advice of your medical cannabis doctor. Therefore, you need to make sure that the chosen dispensary has a variety of products, be they edibles, lotions, vaporizers, tinctures and the topicals.
It's important to keep in mind the necessity of having your air conditioner get the repairs and maintenance that it needs from time to time. It's also a fact that you get to save a lot of money when it comes to repairing and maintaining the air conditioning unit. Doing this is also necessary if you want to avoid being frustrated about a broken air conditioning unit later on. Other than that, if you're trying to repair the air conditioning unit by yourself, you should know that it's not really the best course of action. With that in mind, it's important to find a professional air conditioning repair and maintenance service to help you out with this matter. Of course, there are still some things that you have to consider when it comes to finding the right repair service for your air conditioning unit.
With that said, it's important to find a repair service professional who actually knows what they're doing. They also need to be able to show you their credentials so that you can be certain that their service is legally sanctioned by the government. Also, knowing why you have to hire an air conditioning maintenance and repair service is also necessary to think about before you commit to hiring one. Being able to determine the problem beforehand would help you decide whether or not you need the help of a repair service for air conditioners.
Adding to that, it's recommended that you hire a professional repair service in order to make things more efficient rather than doing things yourself. Having that said, you should already know that hiring an air conditioning repair service is more efficient due to the fact that they already have the equipment that they need to get the job done right and quick.
You also have bear in mind that even if it's just cleaning that the unit needs, you still have to hire a professional to do it for you. Maintenance like this can still be pretty tricky which is why you will need to hire a professional in order to avoid complicating things further. Your air conditioning unit might break down from time to time, but it's necessary to ensure that it's maintained regularly. This is necessary to do if you want your air conditioning units to last long enough until its estimated lifetime.
Another thing that you have to deal with is finding a reliable air conditioning maintenance and repair service since there are already a lot of them that are in the market today. Going through the recommendations of the clients should help you determine which one you should hire. In any case, it's quite necessary to have the air conditioning repair service that you need when things go south with your cooling and heating appliances.
Considering the pivotal role that is played in your business by data, you must ensure that it does not get compromised. In the event your business experience data loss, the impact is disastrous. That calls for the intervention of a professional data recovery firm. You will find that deciding on the suitable one is hard as the market is full of a lot of them.
The only you can be sure that you will be provided with the outcomes that you are looking is choosing a long established data recovery specialist. There is a lot of important information available online which will go a long way in offering you the assistance that you require to make the suitable decision. The reviews of clients posted online will tell if the company that you are considering is equal to the task. See to it that the service provider that you have in mind has a positive reputation in the industry. The score of the firm at the Better Business Bureau must be positive.
You need to hire the services of a data recovery firm that gives its customers solutions on a wider variety. Hard drive data recovery services and laptop data recovery services are some of the solutions you need to enjoy from them. Additionally, they need to have staff that has the requisite professional credentials. This level of expertise is needed in order to offer satisfactory solutions when dealing with intricate storage infrastructure.
The data recovery services company must demonstrate that they have put in place equipment that will facilitate the successful and professional execution of the assignments at hand. You need to count on the service provider to exhibit the capability of data retrieval of data that belongs to clients. A reliable data recovery company must carry out their operations in clean room environment that has security. It is essential to know the parts that they have in place that handle emergency recoveries.
Residential construction loans are necessary to provide families with the right money to create their own dream house. In comparison to mortgages, loans are different and have specific considerations that must be scrutinized first before applying. They are often less offered by companies compared to mortgages and applying to them should best be done prepared.
Residential construction loans means they are loans for the creation of a building or property. These loans are targeted only for residential locations which are mostly different classifications. The difference in classification is important because there are other categories in loans including those that can be given for industrial or for commercial loans. The type of loan that will be granted to the borrower will depend on the type of property that will be built.
That is why residential loans have certain aspects and conditions for repayment that will be considered when analyzing the type of loan. The loans can be transformed into mortgages once the property have been completed in order to have a more dynamic financing program. For residential construction loans, there are a number of types. Loaning can be classified as custom contractor loan or owner builder loan which all depends on the one who will be responsible for the construction project. For the first one, custom contractor loans is where the construction company is the one responsible for the project. On the other hand, owner builder loans is where the owner will be the one responsible for construction and execution of the project. There is also loans for making additions to an already existing property known as remodel construction loans. Pre-qualifying is a system where you can get approved for a loan ahead of time allowing you to get the best terms that are appropriate to your current financial situation. The advantage of having pre-qualification is knowing about the cost of the funding for construction that will be referred to loans. Through the process of pre-qualification, how much income and the credit score of the borrower will be determined in order to know how much will be the cost of construction, interest rate for it, schedule of payment and other terms.
There could also be different alternative options for loan types. You can have them at fixed or variable rates as well. During qualification, the rates can become locked. Depending on the project, there can be loans for six-months, a year and even up to two years in projects depending mostly on the scale of the development. The time frame for repaying will depend on the borrower's credit score and history. Although these loans may seem short, they can be converted to mortgages once the construction of the property is finished. Once converted they can then be paid at installments plus the interest.
With the help of medical device manufacturers, there have been an improvement in the quality of life in the entire world. The patients and medical practitioners both benefit from the services of medical manufacturers since they have improved the quality of life. Without the existence of medical device manufacturers, it would be impossible to advance in the medical industry. For instance, medical manufacturers have made things easy through the innovations of internal diagnosis equipment, heart monitoring manufacturers, blood pressure devices and artificial joints and limbs.
Before the manufactured products are released to the public, manufacturers develop, evaluate, and test their efficiency. An established official body responsible for executing a rigorous testing program. Medical the industry is getting innovations with time as they search for better innovations. Medical equipment manufacturers are also finding ways of enhancing the diagnostics techniques. Medical device manufacturing is a process that assists practitioners to minimize the chances of giving the wrong diagnosis. The primary advantage of medical device manufacturing industry is to reduce the overall death rates.
Investors will hire the services of a manufacturing company when they want to innovate a product. The investors will first make a deal with medical manufacturing companies and hire their services to assist in manufacturing the products. The manufacturing company requires the investors to meet them and determine details of the manufacturing process. Quality control, cost savings, and speed of manufacturing the medical devices are the reasons why investors choose to work with professional manufactures.
The investors are required to hire the best manufacturing company to achieve quality results. It is crucial they find a company that has technical expertise in the medical processing industry. The best way to determine if they are reliable, the investor can check products they manufacture in the past. Investors can find existing clients and find out their experiences working with the manufacturing company. Investors should find manufacturers with extensive knowledge in manufacturing processes especially suited for your project.
Experienced manufactures to make sure that that your project meets all the medical standards required for the project. It is also crucial to find out the methods and methods used by your preferable medical device manufacturing industry. Investors also need to find out the quality control programs and how they implement them. Other considerable factors are like your internal goals, the location of the company and the price of the services offered. Reputable manufacturing companies are ideal for working with since they offer personalized solutions to suit the needs of different medical needs.
With hiring manufacturing services is that you enjoy guaranteed services, guidelines on logistics, and no delays. Specialized medical devices manufacture products that are globally acceptable.
Although it is common to see orthopedic braces, many do not understand its role in recuperating. These braces are typically used to immobilize joints so that they can heal in a proper position. Being in the proper position, the muscles, tendons, and ligaments receive the right amount of blood flow and it prevents movements so that the existing injury will not worsen. Fully recovering your range of movements after surgery is possible with the use of the right orthopedic brace.
The hard material in orthopedic braces are made of hard plastic, while the soft places are made of spandex. If you have braces, then joints are unable to move beyond a certain range of motions. With this, your connective tissues will be able to heal properly. This is not Iike casts that cannot be removed for bathing or physical therapy. Braces can allow you to retain use of your muscles for reasonable exercise You can use orthopedic braces for many purposes. The body part that needs healing will need an orthopedic brace to help it.
To avoid sprains of inversion and aversion, ankle braces should be used. Even with ankle braces, you can still move your feet and do regular actions like walking or running. Less swelling and inflammation will result from compression. These braces can be removed and washed and you can use them every day so that you can still move even while recovering from an ankle injury which no longer needs an invasive procedure and more limiting support.
A back brace protects the lumbar vertebrae near your tail bone. Doing regular actions and lifting objects can make your back misaligned, but to prevent his, then it is good to wear a back brace. Some people really need back braces in order to help them move, carry groceries, or go to the gym. This is very useful during the early stages of physical therapy and you still have a weak back and abdominal muscles.
Knees are delicate parts of your body which sometimes carry a large and frequently shifting burden. When we move, run, and carry objects, it is our knees that take the strain. Playing sports impacts and forces your knees and they have to withstand this. Your knees have to compensate when your ankles and hips are moving in opposite directions. It is very common to have knee injuries. When healing, orthopedic braces are of great help to your knees. Athletes and active workers who know their knees might suffer wear and tear usually wear a knee brace called a prophylactic. This knee brace helps prevent improper knee movements to prevent injuries from happening.
If you want to recover effectively from injury, then using the right brace is important.
There is a lot of pleasure that is found whenever a person embraces the artwork in their different cultures. As the days go by there are very many artists that are coming up hence there is a lot of competition in this kind of field. This kind of field requires a lot of dedication since there is a lot of concentration is demanded. It is always very important to embrace artwork since it is a very easy way of expressing the kind of ideas that you are having. There are also those kinds of people who like expressing their feelings about anything that they are feeling.
It is very important to select the form that you are going to express artwork in the various ways that are there which include; painting, sculpture, and architecture. There is special equipment that these artists require so that their artwork can be successful. It could be very difficult to start working on the artwork without the drawing papers and the paint. A lot of passion is required so that the artist can be in a position to bring out the best artwork ever.
In everything that a person is doing there has to be something that is driving their interest in artwork. Beauty and rhythm has to be maintained by all the people who engage in the artwork. It is the responsibility of a person to ensure that the secretive things that a person has been expressed. It is not right to express these cryptic things to be expressed in a formal way hence art has to be embraced. While talking something out it is not easy to express the kind of imaginations that a person has hence artwork has to be embraced. Whenever a person sits to plan on something there is no much creativity that is involved hence people have to ensure that they use art to express their feeling. Through artwork it is very essential to appreciate a person's culture since through it all symbolic features are embraced. There is some communication that is passed through artwork so that a large communication can be passed.
Art work is very diverse since it also covers the entertainment field. A lot of fun is very expressed since there is a mixed reaction that is expressed. Politics runs in every single part of the world hence artwork has to be involved in this kind of sector. Every place has different norms that they embrace hence art is meant to give these people understanding of the different cultures. It is very important to find something that gives you pleasure that is why there are very many people who embrace artwork. There are various schools that have specialized in training people in artwork.


The World Champions are out! Korea Republic shocked the World with a hard-working performance to see off Germany.
Germany finished at the bottom of the Group F with 3 points, while Sweden won the group on 6 points but a superior goal difference than Mexico, El Tri lost to the Sweden 3-0 today in another surprise result.


text:
/* contrib/ltree/ltree--unpackaged--1.0.sql */

-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via CREATE EXTENSION
\echo Use "CREATE EXTENSION ltree" to load this file. \quit

ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD type ltree;
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_in(cstring);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_out(ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_cmp(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_lt(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_le(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_eq(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_ge(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_gt(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_ne(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator >(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator >=(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator <(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator <=(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator <>(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator =(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function subltree(ltree,integer,integer);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function subpath(ltree,integer,integer);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function subpath(ltree,integer);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function index(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function index(ltree,ltree,integer);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function nlevel(ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree2text(ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function text2ltree(text);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lca(ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lca(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lca(ltree,ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lca(ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lca(ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lca(ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lca(ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lca(ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_isparent(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_risparent(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_addltree(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_addtext(ltree,text);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_textadd(text,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltreeparentsel(internal,oid,internal,integer);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator <@(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator @>(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^<@(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^@>(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ||(ltree,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ||(ltree,text);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ||(text,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator family ltree_ops using btree;
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator class ltree_ops using btree;
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD type lquery;
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lquery_in(cstring);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lquery_out(lquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltq_regex(ltree,lquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltq_rregex(lquery,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ~(lquery,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ~(ltree,lquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^~(lquery,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^~(ltree,lquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lt_q_regex(ltree,lquery[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function lt_q_rregex(lquery[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ?(lquery[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ?(ltree,lquery[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^?(lquery[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^?(ltree,lquery[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD type ltxtquery;
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltxtq_in(cstring);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltxtq_out(ltxtquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltxtq_exec(ltree,ltxtquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltxtq_rexec(ltxtquery,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator @(ltxtquery,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator @(ltree,ltxtquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^@(ltxtquery,ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^@(ltree,ltxtquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD type ltree_gist;
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_gist_in(cstring);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_gist_out(ltree_gist);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_consistent(internal,internal,smallint,oid,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_compress(internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_decompress(internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_penalty(internal,internal,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_picksplit(internal,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_union(internal,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function ltree_same(internal,internal,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator family gist_ltree_ops using gist;
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator class gist_ltree_ops using gist;
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_isparent(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_r_isparent(ltree,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_risparent(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_r_risparent(ltree,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltq_regex(ltree[],lquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltq_rregex(lquery,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _lt_q_regex(ltree[],lquery[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _lt_q_rregex(lquery[],ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltxtq_exec(ltree[],ltxtquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltxtq_rexec(ltxtquery,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator <@(ltree,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator @>(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator @>(ltree,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator <@(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ~(lquery,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ~(ltree[],lquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ?(lquery[],ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ?(ltree[],lquery[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator @(ltxtquery,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator @(ltree[],ltxtquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^<@(ltree,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^@>(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^@>(ltree,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^<@(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^~(lquery,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^~(ltree[],lquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^?(lquery[],ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^?(ltree[],lquery[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^@(ltxtquery,ltree[]);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ^@(ltree[],ltxtquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_extract_isparent(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ?@>(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_extract_risparent(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ?<@(ltree[],ltree);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltq_extract_regex(ltree[],lquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ?~(ltree[],lquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltxtq_extract_exec(ltree[],ltxtquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator ?@(ltree[],ltxtquery);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_consistent(internal,internal,smallint,oid,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_compress(internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_penalty(internal,internal,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_picksplit(internal,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_union(internal,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD function _ltree_same(internal,internal,internal);
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator family gist__ltree_ops using gist;
ALTER EXTENSION ltree ADD operator class gist__ltree_ops using gist;