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GOING UP
Oman 2014 | REAL ESTATE & CONSTRUCTION | INTERVIEW
TBY talks to Youssef Shammas, Managing Partner at Target, on the history of Omani construction, the effects of the Arab Spring, and future growth strategies.
Youssef Shammas has over 45 years of experience in the construction industry. He has been active in Oman since 1972, and was a Founder of Target. He also managed the Oman and Bahrain operations of the Consolidated Contractors Company (CCC) for 20 years. In addition to contracting, he is also involved in various business and philanthropic ventures in the Middle East and the US. Shammas also holds has a degree in Civil Engineering from the American University of Beirut.
What is the background of Target's involvement in the Omani construction sector?
Target was started in 1976 as a small construction company, carrying out minor building projects. In the 1970s and 1980s, civil projects were primarily buildings, as the market demanded accommodation and offices. Road projects were also in demand and important because the country had to be linked up in order to assist its development. In those days, there was not a lot of demand for infrastructure projects such as water and sewage. However, since the late 1990s, this has changed, and such projects are vital to the country's development. Target stayed abreast of this trend, and such projects comprise of a large portion of our portfolio. While we continue to execute building projects, the infrastructure segment provides us with better returns. Constructing a building is relatively more straightforward than carrying out an infrastructure project, as the latter is more complex and requires a more rigorous and diligent approach in order to complete the job. A reflection of this is the tendering picture: one can almost always see many more bidders for buildings than for a water or sewage project.
How has Target grown in the infrastructure construction sector?
Our growth is a combination of market opportunities, and also our ability to make good on our commitments. We do not believe in growth for growth's sake, but in managed growth. We are not obsessed with numbers, be it the number of employees or the value of projects. Target might grow to double the size we are today, but this would not have necessarily result in better returns or performances. We place much more emphasis on making the best use of our resources, such as our workforce. Also, our key focus is on ensuring excellent project delivery and quality, and, therefore, a good relationship with our clients. An important point to mention is that we also price our bids realistically, and this, along with our technical credentials, maintains our credibility in the market. We are now moving into bigger and more complex projects that can further improve our reputation and competence.
What is the composition of your current portfolio?
Currently, around 80% of our active projects are in the water sector. These projects are in urban and rural areas, and the client is the Public Authority for Electricity and Water. The rest of our portfolio consists of buildings, the Diwan (Royal Court Affairs), and Petroleum Development Oman as clients.
" We have a healthy project backlog and are optimistic for the future. "
How has competition in the construction sector evolved in recent years?
While the construction sector in Oman is large, competition today is very high, and particularly so in buildings and roads. While our bidding approach is selective in general, we are more stringent when we bid for a building project. Due to there being a lower number of bidders for infrastructure projects, one has a better chance of succeeding. Over the past few years, several companies from outside Oman have attempted to enter the sector, but very few have succeeded.
How did the Arab Spring affect Oman's business environment?
From a business perspective, an effect of the Arab Spring appeared to be a slowdown in the launch of tenders, as well as a slowdown in the awarding of projects. The payment of client dues takes longer than it used to, which affects our cash flow and operations. However, I am confident that this is only a temporary phase.
Where do you see the growth opportunities for Target?
Almost 95% of Target's contracts are with the public sector. I do not like working with the private sector. The cash incentive behind working with the private sector is neither sufficiently strong nor sufficiently reliable. I believe this country still needs a lot of development projects. The government, under the leadership of His Majesty, is sensible and is taking a pragmatic approach to projects. The Arabs actually have big plans with water and electricity transmission development projects. They are building strategic reservoirs for emergency water supplies. This presents us with a huge opportunity. Wherever we can bid on our own, we do so. In the past, we have lost a couple of jobs because we did not want to go on our own, but we are now much stronger. Our core operations are in the civil construction sector, and we intend for this to be our bread and butter. To complement this, we have begun to branch out into the electromechanical field, as well as metal fabrication, joinery, and earthworks.
What is your outlook for Target?
Our hands are full for the coming two years. We are still pricing and doing estimates, but we are concentrating on our major projects. Financially, we are very strong compared to our size. We have exceptionally strong liquidity. Our current ratio is around 1.8-1.9, which is very strong. We keep money in our company, and we distribute profits at a rate of around 30% or 40% every year. We started with around OMR5 million, and today we have OMR15 million-OMR20 million. We can now jump to OMR30 million on our own. Slowly but surely, we will make it. I am happy to be cautious in my approach. One day my son will take over, and I want him to be involved from now on. We have a healthy project backlog and are optimistic for the future. By continuing to build up our experience and reputation, we aim to bid for larger and more complex projects. Also, we expect success in our diversification efforts. Overall, we are confident of continuing to play a positive role in assisting Oman in its development.
To Diversification & Beyond
While in the medium term Oman has been catapulted back into the extraction game by enhanced oil recovery (EOR), earlier worries that exploitable reserves were fast depleting have spurred the government to ease the Sultanate's reliance on hydrocarbons.
Review: Diplomacy & Politics
Quiet Achiever
As one of the key hydrocarbon producers in the Middle East, Oman is looking to diversify its economy and increase its regional and global presence when it comes to trade and political affairs.
Inside Perspective
HM Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Sultan, Sultanate of Oman
HM Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said on the development of the Sultanate and the evolving role of the private sector.
HE Jakaya Kikwete, President, the United Republic of Tanzania
TBY talks to Jakaya Kikwete, President of the United Republic of Tanzania, on the depth of relations between Tanzania and Oman.
Focus: Balanced Relations
On Pragmatism
Oman's foreign policy choices have been flexible and evenhanded, stemming from its traditional openness to the outside world.
Alistair Burt, UK Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Alistair Burt, UK Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, on the long relationship between the two countries, regional stability, and business opportunities in the Sultanate.
Michel Temer, Vice-President, Brazil
Michel Temer, Vice-President of Brazil, on the strengthening of relations between Brazil and Oman.
HE Ivo Josipović, President, Republic of Croatia
Ivo Josipović, President of the Republic of Croatia, on the strong relations between Croatia and Oman, which go far beyond trade.
Melanie Schultz van Haegen, Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment , The Netherlands
Melanie Schultz van Haegen, Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment of the Netherlands, on the history between the two countries, regional prominence, and future agreements.
Review: Economy
Diversification Dreams
While oil and gas extraction still rule the roost, Oman is now supporting new businesses in order to spark job creation and drive diversification.
Abdullah Nasser Abdullah Al Bakri, Minister of Manpower, Sultanate of Oman
TBY talks to Abdullah Nasser Abdullah Al Bakri, Minister of Manpower, on the promotion of employment, the development of vocational training, and the Omani Vision 2020.
Focus: US FTA
Options on the Table
The free trade agreement between the US and Oman has boosted bilateral trade between the two countries as well as increased consumer confidence.
Focus: Manpower
Oman at Work
Like many countries with small populations, Oman has traditionally relied on foreign nationals to fill positions left open by a lack of eligible workers, but now that tide is turning thanks to Omanization targets.
HH Sayyid Faisal bin Turki Al Said, Director General, Marketing & Media, PAIPED
HH Sayyid Faisal bin Turki Al Said, Director General, Marketing & Media, of the Public Authority for Investment Promotion and Export Development (PAIPED), on competitiveness, growth, free zones, infrastructure, logistics, tourism, aquaculture, and technology.
Masood Ahmed, Director, Middle East & Central Asia Department, IMF
Masood Ahmed, Director, Middle East & Central Asia Department at the IMF, on the nature of Oman's economic development.
Mohammed Abdallah Al Kharusi, Group General Manager of Business Development , Mohsin Haider Darwish (MHD)
TBY talks to Mohammed Abdallah Al Kharusi, Group General Manager of Business Development at Mohsin Haider Darwish (MHD), on training the Omani workforce, developments in the industrial gas segment, and the group's many activities.
Forum: Why Oman?
Inward Bound
Foreign companies have been heavily involved in Oman's economic development, with most looking to stay for the long term.
Forum: Local Holdings
Having started out as mere seedlings, some of Oman's largest holdings have come a long way, riding on the back of economic growth in the country.
Maqbool Hameed Al Saleh, Chairman, OHI Group of Companies
TBY talks to Maqbool Hameed Al Saleh, Chairman of OHI Group of Companies, on the beginnings of the group, the IT sector, and growth areas.
Riding on Fundamentals
Macro-prudent regulatory changes, dynamic corporate lending, and the introduction of Islamic banking are ushering in a new era of innovation and competitiveness in Oman's banking sector.
Hamood Sangour Al Zadjali, Executive President , Central Bank of Oman
TBY talks to Hamood Sangour Al Zadjali, Executive President of the Central Bank of Oman, on the Omani finance sector, the introduction of Islamic finance, and the future of local banking.
Abdul Kader Askalan, CEO, Oman Arab Bank (OAB)
TBY talks to Abdul Kader Askalan, CEO of Oman Arab Bank (OAB), on the development of the bank, the SME segment, and e-banking opportunities.
Forum: International Players
International banks have settled well into Oman, sharing the benefits of steady growth with the sector's local players.
Vox Populi: Local Scene
Born Ready
Islamic finance is still in its infancy and the rate of growth is still undecided; however, banks are preparing themselves for every eventuality.
B2B: B2B: Leasing
Gear to Hire
Oman's finance and leasing sector is growing, buoyed by strong job creation and government investment in infrastructure projects.
Review: Capital Markets
A Loaded Muscat
Floating on economic confidence, the sophisticated Muscat Securities Market (MSM) responded to regional instability with rampant growth, and in 2013 has broadened its vision with a new sharia window.
Ali Mohammed Juma, Chief Executive, Vision Investment Services
TBY talks to Ali Mohammed Juma, Chief Executive of Vision Investment Services, on Islamic banking, the Muscat Securities Market (MSM), and the role of the local regulator.
Abdul Samad Al Maskari, CEO, Al Madina Financial & Investment Services
TBY talks to Abdul Samad Al Maskari, CEO of Al Madina Financial & Investment Services, on the firm's investment portfolio, sukuk, and raising awareness of Islamic finance.
Forum: Local Markets & the Investment Industry
They Bang the Drums
Oman is becoming increasingly attractive for investment and conducting deals in the region.
Review: Insurance
With the Crowd
The local insurance industry is reporting solid growth, despite the strong competition.
A.R. Srinivasan, General Manager, Falcon Insurance Company
TBY talks to A.R. Srinivasan, General Manager of Falcon Insurance Company, on penetration rates, the benefits of insurance, and takaful.
Vox Populi: Insurance
Although Oman, and the GCC generally, have relatively low penetration rates for insurance, companies active in the market are beginning to show an increased appetite for risk.
Review: Energy
On the Improve
Oman's fortuitous geography strengthens its international clout, but oil and gas production will have to maintain growth and overcome costly extraction techniques in order to secure the country its oil and gas prominence in the region.
Raoul Restucci, Managing Director, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO)
TBY talks to Raoul Restucci, Managing Director of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), on the development of the firm, enhanced oil recovery, and the prominence of gas.
John Blascos, General Manager and Shell Country Chairman, Shell Development Oman
TBY talks to John Blascos, General Manager and Shell Country Chairman at Shell Development Oman, on social infrastructure, joint ventures, and in-country training.
Hilal Al Busaidy, CEO and Co-founder, Gulf Energy
TBY talks to Hilal Al Busaidy, CEO and Co-founder of Gulf Energy, on developing a wide services portfolio, working with PDO, and the potential for fracking.
Yousuf Al-Ojaili, CEO, Oman Gas Company
TBY talks to Yousuf Al-Ojaili, CEO of Oman Gas Company, on the country's expanding gas supply network and future business openings.
Focus: Enhanced Oil Recovery
Just a Little Bit More
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has left naysayers, who had warned that wells were running dry, eating their words in the face of increasing output.
Irshad Al Lawati, CEO, Oman Society for Petroleum Services (OPAL)
TBY talks to Irshad Al Lawati, CEO of the Oman Society for Petroleum Services (OPAL), on the role of the society, human resources, and HSE standards in the sector.
Forum: Oil Services
Hired Help
With enhanced oil recovery (EOR) key to keeping Oman pumping long term, oil services companies are doing good business in the Sultanate.
Review: Power & Water
Juice Me Up
Oman will fulfill increasing demands for water and power with the advent of large-scale projects and the prospect for greater depth in regional connectivity.
Ahmed Al Subhi, CEO, ACWA Power Barka
TBY talks to Ahmed Al Subhi, CEO of ACWA Power Barka, on the demand for water, expanding production, and the government's privatization program.
Forum: Local Power Industry
Join the Charge
A number of power players are driving a robust sector in Oman, with renewables on the menu.
Review: Industry
The diversification of this oil-rich economy hinges on the performance of its manufacturing sector—so far, the indicators are pointing in the right direction.
Prem Maker, Executive Director, Areej Vegetable Oils & Derivatives Company
TBY talks to Prem Maker, Executive Director of Areej Vegetable Oils & Derivatives Company, on the development of the company, technology, and trends in the market.
Focus: Industrial Estates
Sohar, So Good
Since the first industrial estate was established in 1985, a slew has followed with the mission of encouraging diversification.
Vox Populi: Local Producers
Parts in the Puzzle
Local companies give their opinion on the changing dynamics of the Omani economy and how they are able to play an important role in developing the country and the region.
Review: Mining
Boring Out
The Omani mining sector is set for growth as the government aims to move up the value chain in production, map out its vast resources, and allow private exploitation.
Abdullah Ahmad Sulaiman Al Hady, Chairman, Gulf Mining Group of Companies
TBY talks to Abdullah Ahmad Sulaiman Al Hady, Chairman of the Gulf Mining Group of Companies, on the mining sector, the company's role as an exporter, and surviving the crisis period.
Sheikh Ali Bin Hamed Al Kalbani, Chairman, International Marble Company (IMC)
TBY talks to Sheikh Ali Bin Hamed Al Kalbani, Chairman of International Marble Company (IMC), on capacity and production, international and local markets, and opportunities in the future.
Review: ICT
eSociety on the Cusp
Oman's future lies not in depleting its natural resources, but in the wellspring of information technology. The Sultanate has taken firm steps to guide society and business along the high-tech path.
Amer Awadh Al Rawas, CEO, Omantel
TBY talks to Amer Awadh Al Rawas, CEO of Omantel, on the complexity of the smartphone market, improving network infrastructure, and the need to move up the value chain.
Salim Sultan Al Ruzaiqi, CEO, Information Technology Authority (ITA)
TBY talks to Salim Sultan Al Ruzaiqi, CEO of the Information Technology Authority (ITA), on integrating e-government services and improving IT skills in the population.
Forum: Mobile Market
It's Good to Talk
The mobile sector in Oman is reaching saturation point in regard to operators; however, with adequate infrastructure, companies will be able to increase the average revenue they receive from each user.
Kit Lloyd, Country General Manager, Gulf Business Machines (GBM)
TBY talks to Kit Lloyd, Country General Manager of Gulf Business Machines (GBM), on the role of IT providers in the development of Oman's IT sector.
Focus: Knowledge Oasis Muscat
Wel-KOM to Oman
The Oman Vision 2020 economic program envisages the creation of a sustainable knowledge-based economy. A key contributor to this scheme is the Knowledge Oasis Muscat (KOM).
Mohammed Hamed Al Maskari, Director General, Knowledge Oasis Muscat (KOM)
TBY talks to Mohammed Hamed Al Maskari, Director General of Knowledge Oasis Muscat (KOM), on the vision behind the project and business incubator activities.
Ahmed bin Essa Al Zadjali, CEO, Muscat Press & Publishing House, SAOC
TBY talks to Ahmed bin Essa Al Zadjali, CEO of Muscat Press & Publishing House, SAOC, on the success of the Times of Oman.
Review: Transport
Time of Expansion
Oman, under the judicious supervision of HM Sultan Qaboos, is enthusiastically improving its transport infrastructure in all segments.
Peter Ford, CEO, Port of Salalah
TBY talks to Peter Ford, CEO of the Port of Salalah, on the growth and development of the port.
Mehdi Al Abduwani, CEO, National Ferries Company (NFC)
TBY talks to Mehdi Al Abduwani, CEO of National Ferries Company (NFC), on coastal transport services and fleet expansion.
B2B: Sohar Industrial Port Company
Find the Right Berth
TBY talks to André Toet, CEO of Sohar Industrial Port Company, and Jamal T. Aziz, CEO of Sohar Freezone & Deputy CEO of Sohar Industrial Port Company, on relations with between Rotterdam and Oman, freezones, and attracting investment.
Tarik Mohamed Al Junaidi, Deputy CEO , Oman Shipping Company
TBY talks to Tarik Mohamed Al Junaidi, Deputy CEO of Oman Shipping Company, on dealing with fluctuating oil prices, world trade, and Duqm as a hub.
Vic Allen, Acting CEO, Oman Airports Management Company (OAMC)
TBY talks to Vic Allen, Acting CEO of Oman Airports Management Company (OAMC), on new airports, demand for air traffic, and future flight numbers.
Focus: Muscat & Salalah Airport Expansions
As Oman's economy continues to enjoy unabated growth, the expansion of its aviation infrastructure has become a major national priority.
Turgay Sarıkaya, Country Manager, DHL Express Sultanate of Oman
TBY talks to Turgay Sarıkaya, Country Manager at DHL Express Oman, on the engines of growth within the regional logistics industry.
Mahmood Sakhi Al Balushi, CEO, Al Madina Logistic Services Company
TBY talks to Mahmood Sakhi Al Balushi, CEO of Al Madina Logistic Services Company, on developing a full package of logistics services and the benefits of being in Oman.
Review: Duqm
Duqm is looking to leverage its geographic centrality to become a major transshipment and manufacturing hub for the Gulf and beyond.
Yahya Al Jabri, Chairman, Special Economic Zone Authority at Duqm (SEZAD)
TBY talks to Yahya Al Jabri, Chairman of the Special Economic Zone Authority at Duqm (SEZAD), on the progress and operating state of one of the GCC's most ambitious port projects.
Nabil A. Al-Ghassani, CEO, Takamul Investment Company
TBY talks to Nabil A. Al-Ghassani, CEO of Takamul Investment Company, on investment strategies to encourage jobs, exports, and downstream industries, and Duqm as a rising star.
Vedat Koca, Regional Representative, STFA
TBY talks to Vedat Koca, Regional Representative of STFA, on the company's current portfolio, setting up joint ventures, and the current state of the market.
Peter Broers, CEO, Port of Duqm Company
TBY talks to Peter Broers, CEO of the Port of Duqm Company, on the development of the port and prospects for the Duqm region.
Review: Real Estate
Real Value Recovered
Oman's real estate sector has rapidly made up for lost ground following the 2008 market correction, and is set to continue growing.
Benjamin Cullum, General Manager, Hamptons International & Partners LLC
TBY talks to Benjamin Cullum, General Manager of Hamptons International & Partners LLC, on the company's position in the market, letting prices, and tourist complexes.
Vox Populi: Brokers
Cozy Not Small
The Omani real estate market is on the road to recovery as sales and profits begin to increase after a rocky period felt by many in the region.
Home Near & Far
A number of different developers are branching out into new developments to help diversify their activities to make a more stable future.
Review: Construction
State at the Fore
Government infrastructure spending has kept the construction industry moving at a fast pace, though the strength of the private sector should not be underestimated.
Youssef Shammas, Managing Partner , Target
Jamal Shamis Al Hooti, CEO, Oman Cement Company
TBY talks to Jamal Shamis Al Hooti, CEO of Oman Cement Company, on local demand, new possibilities, and the Duqm project.
Forum: Engineering
On the Blueprint
Competition is intense in the construction sector, with engineering firms placing a great emphasis on employee training to increase standards.
Review: Agriculture
Fields of Endeavor
The Omani economy has historically been firmly supported by its agriculture, livestock, and fisheries. As part of the Sultanate's economic diversification, these traditional industries are set to arise in high-tech splendor.
Hamed Al-Oufi, Undersecretary of Fisheries Wealth, Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries
TBY talks to Hamed Al-Oufi, Undersecretary of Fisheries Wealth at the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, on the fishing industry and aquaculture.
Saleh Mohammed Al Shanfari, Chairman, A'Saffa Foods
TBY talks to Saleh Mohammed Al Shanfari, Chairman of A'Saffa Foods, on expanding local production and shifting consumer food trends.
A Public Affair
Oman's government is spearheading projects to help the country become an affordable destination for healthcare treatment.
HE Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Obaid Al Saidi, Minister of Health, Sultanate of Oman
TBY talks to Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Obaid Al Saidi, Minister of Health, on the role of the Ministry and the public-private balance.
Focus: Medical Cities
No Doctoring the Results
Oman's pragmatic response to worsening health problems in the region is beginning to take shape in its state-of-the-art Medical Cities.
Vox Populi: Healthcare Providers
Despite easy access to public healthcare, the private sector is also enjoying the party.
Leap to Success
Having made impressive strides to improve education over the past three decades, Oman anticipates even higher standards and more opportunities for its students in the years to come.
Prof. Ahmed Al Rawahi, Chancellor, University of Nizwa
TBY talks to Prof. Ahmed Al Rawahi, Chancellor of the University of Nizwa, on the development of the institution and preparing students for the world of work.
Vox Populi: Education Sector
Training Wizards
In an effort to speed along the Omanization process, higher education and vocational institutes are aiming to increase post-graduate employment.
Review: Tourism
From Sand to Sail
With tourism a key component of Oman's economic diversification away from oil dependency, an enticing door is held open for business and tourist arrivals alike.
Maitha bint Saif Al Mahrouqi, Undersecretary, Ministry of Tourism
TBY talks to Maitha bint Saif Al Mahrouqi, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Tourism, on developing the tourism sector, niche areas, and the MICE segment.
Wael Al Lawati, CEO, OMRAN
TBY talks to Wael Al Lawati, CEO of OMRAN, on government investment in infrastructure, environmental initiatives, and diversification plans.
Focus: UNESCO World Sites
Castles in the Sand
Oman has a unique offering that it hopes to use to help fulfill its Vision 2020 target of attracting 12 million annual visitors.
Forum: Hotels
Keep on Guesting
The country's top hoteliers discuss their guest profiles and opportunities for tourist growth in the Sultanate.
Focus: Sailing
Oman's illustrious sailing tradition is making a comeback, and its Olympic rivals best be warned.
Focus: Retail
The Rial Thing
Rising disposable income and burgeoning tourism continue to boost the Sultanate's retail sector, from mall to souk.
David Crickmore, CEO, Amouage
TBY talks to David Crickmore, CEO of Amouage, on the luxury perfume market, brand refinement, and global consumer trends.
Vox Populi: Retail
The local retail industry is beginning to move up the value chain and lock horns with the strong competition elsewhere in the GCC region.
Pankaj K. Khimji, Director, Khimji Ramdas
TBY talks to Pankaj K. Khimji, Director of Khimji Ramdas, on the evolution of the sector, the company's current portfolio, and educating the public.
Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle LLP reveal the ins and outs of investment and running a business in Oman, as well as provide some key tips on how the legal environment is developing.
On Top of Trends
Alfardan Group is fully aligned with the government's objective to boost Oman's economy and is also eyeing big real estate markets such as Turkey for its signature luxury brands.
Dynamic Participant
A premium supplier of cement products, Al Tasnim Group is fully aligned with Oman's future vision by establishing mentorship program for SMEs and venturing into sectors that are key to the country's future.


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Building (mathematics)
Building (disambiguation)
Online creation
Engineering (constituency)
In mathematics, a building (also Tits building, Bruhat–Tits building, named after François Bruhat and Jacques Tits) is a combinatorial and geometric structure which simultaneously generalizes certain aspects of flag manifolds, finite projective planes, and Riemannian symmetric spaces. Initially introduced by Jacques Tits as a means to understand the structure of exceptional groups of Lie type, the theory has also been used to study the geometry and topology of homogeneous spaces of p-adic Lie groups and their discrete subgroups of symmetries, in the same way that trees have been used to study free groups.
The notion of a building was invented by Jacques Tits as a means of describing simple algebraic groups over an arbitrary field. Tits demonstrated how to every such group G one can associate a simplicial complex Δ = Δ(G) with an action of G, called the spherical building of G. The group G imposes very strong combinatorial regularity conditions on the complexes Δ that can arise in this fashion. By treating these conditions as axioms for a class of simplicial complexes, Tits arrived at his first definition of a building. A part of the data defining a building Δ is a Coxeter group W, which determines a highly symmetrical simplicial complex Σ = Σ(W,S), called the Coxeter complex. A building Δ is glued together from multiple copies of Σ, called its apartments, in a certain regular fashion. When W is a finite Coxeter group, the Coxeter complex is a topological sphere, and the corresponding buildings are said to be of spherical type. When W is an affine Weyl group, the Coxeter complex is a subdivision of the affine plane and one speaks of affine, or Euclidean, buildings. An affine building of type is the same as an infinite tree without terminal vertices.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Building_(mathematics)
A building is a constructed object intended for occupancy by humans or animals.
Building may also refer to:
Building (mathematics), a type of geometric structure
Buildings (album), an album by Northern Irish band General Fiasco
In computer programming, building is the process by which source code is converted into executable object code; see compiler
Building or Online creation, the name for creating areas and objects in online games
Building (magazine), a British magazine
A song by Poi Dog Pondering on their album Volo Volo
Building, a classification used by the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Building (Brian Larsen album)
Building (Sense Field album)
Structure (disambiguation)
Structure & Nonbuilding structure
Architectural structure, a man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Building_(disambiguation)
Online creation, also referred to as OLC, online coding, online building, and online editing, is a software feature of MUDs that allows users to edit a virtual world from within the game itself. In the absence of online creation, content is created in a text editor or level editor, and the program generally requires a restart in order to implement the changes.
Online creation as original content
An aspect of online creation that separates it from "mere game play" is that online creation systems can generally be used to create new content — new objects, new locations, new creatures — rather than simply creating instances of predefined items in the game world. Some have observed that certain forms of online creation — notably those associated with creating new commands — can threaten the stability of the server.
The first publicly available MUD that featured in-game creation of the game world was Skrenta's 1988 Monster.
Create and describe new objects and locations
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Online_creation
The Engineering is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1991. The constituency is composed of professional engineers and the members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers.
Return members
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Engineering_(constituency)
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100 years ago today the first Bemidji High School was destroyed by fire
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BEMIDJI -- The three-story Bemidji High School building was only 10 years old when it was destroyed by fire 100 years ago today, on a frigid Sunday, Jan ... and in a very short time the building was a furnace....
Kuwait Towers: A symbol of independence and sovereignty
Gulf News 16 Jan 2021
The Kuwait Towers are made up of two buildings and one light rode ... The iconic buildings were designed by the Danish architect Malene Bjørn and produced by the engineering firm VBB (Vattenbyggnadsbyran AB) ... The iconic buildings were designed by the Danish architect Malene Bjørn and produced by the engineering firm VBB (Vattenbyggnadsbyran AB)....
It was powered by a 3.2-liter V8 engine that shifted through a four-speed manual transmission ... It perfectly embodied the definition of a grand tourer with a sporty design, a big-displacement engine, and a comfortable interior ... Built to race, the M1 was powered by a straight-six engine mounted directly behind the two-seater passenger compartment....
Parking nightmare in JayanagarCars can't enter the shopping complex without getting dents and scratches, and ...
Deccan Herald 16 Jan 2021
'Doesn't look safe' ... Civic activists say poor engineering is to blame for the serial inconveniences at what was once a well-designed shopping complex ... They earlier did business from sheds around the complex building ... Another senior BBMP engineer told Metrolife the design and construction violate basic principles of the National Building Code ... .......
Post Independent 16 Jan 2021
Roaring Fork Fire Rescue answered the kind of call they hope to avoid Thursday night when a fire was reported in the mixed commercial and residential building at 231 Robinson Street in Willits ... about flames visible on the top of the building. Roaring Fork Fire Rescue responded with 18 firefighters, two engines, a ladder truck and an ambulance....
Aerocity plan in Navi Mumbai takes off; will have offices, schools, entertainment, hosps
As airports serve as an engine to boost economy, the aerocity will be a commercial and residential district on its southern side spread over around 300 hectares ... "There is a requirement for financial services and banks, besides residential and commercial facilities, as airports are economic engines....

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Cytoskeletal to Nuclear Strain Transfer Regulates YAP Signaling in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Biophys J. 2015 Jun 16;108(12):2783-93. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.05.010.
Tristan P Driscoll 1 , Brian D Cosgrove 1 , Su-Jin Heo 1 , Zach E Shurden 1 , Robert L Mauck 2
1 McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
2 McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: lemauck@mail.med.upenn.edu.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.05.010
Mechanical forces transduced to cells through the extracellular matrix are critical regulators of tissue development, growth, and homeostasis, and can play important roles in directing stem cell differentiation. In addition to force-sensing mechanisms that reside at the cell surface, there is growing evidence that forces transmitted through the cytoskeleton and to the nuclear envelope are important for mechanosensing, including activation of the Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) pathway. Moreover, nuclear shape, mechanics, and deformability change with differentiation state and have been likewise implicated in force sensing and differentiation. However, the significance of force transfer to the nucleus through the mechanosensing cytoskeletal machinery in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell mechanobiologic response remains unclear. Here we report that actomyosin-generated cytoskeletal tension regulates nuclear shape and force transmission through the cytoskeleton and demonstrate the differential short- and long-term response of mesenchymal stem cells to dynamic tensile loading based on the contractility state, the patency of the actin cytoskeleton, and the connections it makes with the nucleus. Specifically, we show that while some mechanoactive signaling pathways (e.g., ERK signaling) can be activated in the absence of nuclear strain transfer, cytoskeletal strain transfer to the nucleus is essential for activation of the YAP/TAZ pathway with stretch.
Copyright © 2015 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / chemistry
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / metabolism*
Cytoskeleton / metabolism*
Mechanotransduction, Cellular*
Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism*
Nuclear Envelope / metabolism*
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
P30 AR050950/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
R01 AR056624/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
R01 EB002425/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
R01 EB02425/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
T32 AR007132/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States


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Host Miss Shannan and Jeff Sheridan talk about what you should do when your child has a run-in with the Law.
Miss Shannan hosts as Dr. Amy Johnson-Grass from 'Health Foundations Birth Centers' teams up with Cassandra Brashier from 'Clear Step Financial' and 'Mom's talk Money' to discuss the connection between Health and Wealth.
Hosts Miss Shannan joined by DeAnne Dulas and Randall Kins of Sheridan & Dulas discuss how the laws are changing to address Modern Marijuana.
Host Miss Shannan and Cassandra Brashier discuss how you can make better luck for your financial future.
Hosts Miss Shannan and Cassandra Brashier discuss the top retirement strategies that provide some financial security.
Dr. Amy Johnson Grass from Health Foundations Birth Center is in today! We break down what the birth center actually does for you and dispel some misconceptions on pregnancy. Why "me time" matters. Don't forget to listen to your own needs whatever it may be. How "me time" can benefit your kids. What are some examples of "me time"?
Host Miss Shannan is joined with Casandra Brashier from Clearstep Financial to talk about why Life Insurance is a gift of love.
Host Miss Shannan and Cassandra Brassier of Clearstep Financial and Mom's Talk Money discuss some changes you should expect for the 2019 tax season.
Hosts Miss Shannan and Dr. Amy Johnson-Grass talk about becoming a grandma and preparing grandparents in their new role.


Gränges is since January 2019 a new member of Aluminium Stewardship Initiative (ASI). ASI is a global, multi-stakeholder, non-profit standards setting and certification organisation which works to maximise the contribution of aluminium to a sustainable society. ASI defines global standards for sustainability performance and material chain-of-custody for the aluminium value chain. ASI also works to promote measurable and continual improvements in key environmental, social and governance dimensions and to implement a credible assurance and certification system.
"In all things we do, we have a strong focus on sustainability as an integrated part of our business. We strive to minimize the environmental impacts of our operations, uphold ethical business practices and provide a safe and good work environment. Our technical expertise in material properties and performance helps customers and the whole value chain to improve its sustainability performance. We support ASI's commitment to promote greater sustainability and transparency in the aluminium value chain", says Gränges' CEO Johan Menckel.
As part of the membership, Gränges agrees to seek certification against the ASI Performance Standard for at least one facility or product line within two years of joining ASI.
Gränges is a leading global supplier of rolled aluminium products for heat exchanger applications and other niche markets. In materials for brazed heat exchangers Gränges is the global leader with a market share of approximately 20 per cent. The company develops, produces and markets advanced materials that enhance efficiency in the customer manufacturing process and the performance of the final products; brazed heat exchangers. The company's geographical markets are Europe, Asia and the Americas. Its production facilities are located in Sweden, China and the United States, and have a combined annual capacity of 420,000 metric tonnes. Gränges has some 1,600 employees and net sales of more than SEK 11 billion. The share is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm. More information on Gränges is available at granges.com.


text:
Hurricanes Agree to Terms with Ron Hainsey
by Terrell Williams / Carolina Hurricanes
RALEIGH, NC – Jim Rutherford, President and General Manager of the National Hockey League's Carolina Hurricanes, today announced that the team has agreed to terms with defenseman Ron Hainsey on a one-year contract. The deal will pay Hainsey $2 million.
"Ron is an experienced, two-way defenseman," said Rutherford. "He was very interested in joining our team this summer, and was patient as we waited for updated information about Joni Pitkanen's injury. We are happy to be able to solidify our defense with a player of this caliber at this stage."
Hainsey, 32, completed his 10th NHL season in 2012-13, earning 13 assists in 47 games for the Winnipeg Jets. The Bolton, CT, native led Winnipeg in blocked shots (123) and was second among Jets defensemen in assists (13).
Selected by the Montreal Canadiens in the first round, 13th overall, of the 2000 NHL Entry Draft, Hainsey has totaled 34 goals and 158 assists (192 points) in 591 career NHL games with Montreal, Columbus, Atlanta and Winnipeg. He has led his teams in blocked shots in three of the past four seasons, ranking second in the other. A product of the United States National Team Development Program, Hainsey spent two seasons at the University of Massachusetts-Lowell prior to turning professional.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0604 [Accepted] Published online February 7, 2019.
Twenty four calves (5 days old) were divided into six groups in a 2x3 factorial design, with two levels of fat (10% and 14 %) and three levels of protein (18%, 21% and 24%). The calves were kept in individual pens for 120 days and fed with whole milk (1/10th of body weight) and calf starter ad-libitum. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded; whereas body weight was taken on fortnightly basis to calculate average daily gain (ADG). During the growth trial blood samples were collected at 30 days interval to estimate blood glucose, albumin, total protein, total leucocyte count, total immunoglobulin and IgG levels. A metabolic trial of seven days was carried out to find out the digestibility of different nutrients.
The DMI was reduced (p<0.05) with higher fat and protein levels whereas feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was improved (p<0.05) with higher protein level. Different levels of fat and protein in calf ration did not affect average daily gain in calves.The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) digestibility were significantly (p<0.01) higher with increased level of protein. The nitrogen retention was also significantly higher (p<0.05) at 24 % protein level, similarly the total immunoglobulin was significantly (p< 0.05) high in higher protein fed groups, showed better immunity.
The present finding suggested that 10 % fat and 18 % protein level of calf starter could be used in Sahiwal calves for optimum performance in terms of weight gain and immunity.


text:
Crypto Billionaire Mike Novogratz Wants FTX Founder to Be Jailed
Dec 2 2022 · 09:54 UTC by Bhushan Akolkar · 3 min read
Photo: CoinDesk / Flickr
Mike Novogratz said that the FTX founder was "delusional" about his culpability in the crypto exchange's collapse. He further added that crypto firms should never lend out customers' funds without taking their permission.
Sam Bankman-Fried, the disgraced founder of bankrupt crypto exchange FTX, has been making public appearances and giving interviews. But crypto billionaire Mike Novogratz, also the founder of Galaxy Digital, strongly believes that the FTX founder should be in jail.
Novogratz's comments came during his recent interview with CNBC on Thursday, December 1, wherein he called the FTX debacle "a crisis of confidence". He also stated that the FTX collapse created a major trust deficit for crypto across the financial markets.
The Galaxy Digital CEO described SBF as delusional and someone who's prime to grandiosity. Speaking on this matter, Novogratz added:
"It was delusional. Let's be really clear. Sam was delusional about what happened and his culpability in it. He needs to be prosecuted. He will spend time in jail. And it wasn't just Sam. You don't pull this off with one person."
Furthermore, Novogratz also stated that the crypto space has failed to regulate itself in the industry where everything basically depends on the trust factor. He further added that he was open to welcoming regulations. Novogratz said:
"I think the money side of crypto, companies like ours that buy and sell and lend and do derivatives, are going to get regulated and should be".
Novogratz further added that the absence of FTX's in-house accounting department led to its messy balance sheet and the crude mistake of mixing up the financials of FTX and Alameda. He further added that crypto firms should never lend out customers' funds without taking their permission. Besides, Novogratz added that any digital assets platform needs to have clear terms and conditions. He believes that Bitcoin and blockchain will continue to survive irrespective of the FTX fall.
FTX Founder Claims Innocence
Sam Bankman-Fried, the founder of FTX exchange has been claiming innocence over the entire development and has been giving public interviews. Earlier this week, he gave an interview with financial journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin at the DealBook Summit event on Wednesday.
In another interview, he also spoke to ABC News' George Stephanopoulos and said that he regrets not having done enough to prevent the fall of FTX. "I really, deeply wish that I had taken a lot more responsibility for understanding what the details were of what was going on. I should have been on top of this, and I feel really, really bad and regretful that I wasn't. A lot of people got hurt. And that's on me," he added.
Besides, the FTX founder also conceded that investors who lost their money with FTC collapse might see him as a villain. "A lot of people look at you and see Bernie Madoff," Stephanopoulos said. "I don't think that's who I am at all," Bankman-Fried responded. "But I understand why they're saying that. People lost money. People lost a lot of money."


MP 3 is now open in DEC for all elementary grades K-5. Please refer to the Pacing Guides for your instructional planning. If you have any questions or concerns, please email me at groover@dearbornschools.org or call me at x 77257.
Teachers learn how to improve the skills of their struggling readers with workshop facilitators Mary Timpf and Darlene Hamel.
Great article on why you need to fully shut down your brain for a good chunk of time if you want to cultivate resilience. Important for all of us!
Calling all curriculum committee reps!
Check your calendars as most of the district curriculum committees are meeting after school tomorrow and need your support. Hope to see you there!
Elementary teachers work together after school on ways to encourage productive talk in math by brainstorming sentence stems to use in supporting student discussions. The Dearborn Math Academy is facilitated by Resource Teacher Rita Stergalas and Math Committee co-chair Veronica Jakubik.
Did you know that Michigan is a Go Open state? The state rolled out the new repository at the first #GoOpen Michigan Summit at the Michigan Science Center this week. Open Education Resources (OER) is a term that you will hear often in the months and years to come as more educators develop and share free resources for classroom use.
MP 2 is now open in DEC for all grades K-5. Resources will continue to be added so please check back frequently!


text:
China To Phase Out Electric-Car Subsidies By 2021, Let 'Market Decide'
Stephen Edelstein January 27, 2016 Comment Now!
After years of enthusiastic support, China's national government may soon discontinue its electric-car subsidies.
Seeing electric cars as a way to solve the country's serious air-pollution problem, China's local, state, and national governments enacted various generous incentives to entice an indifferent public.
And over the past year or so, electric-car sales in China have indeed increased.
DON'T MISS: Who Sold The Most Plug-In Electric Cars In 2015? (It's Not Tesla Or Nissan)
But the national government has no plans to extend subsidies past 2021, when they are set to expire.
Finance Minister Lou Jiwei reaffirmed plans to phase out green-car subsidies in a speech at an industry conference in Beijing Monday, according to Reuters.
Lou said the government plans to cut subsidies by 20 percent over the next years, and 40 percent between 2019 and 2020--before eliminating them all together in 2021.
2014 Tesla Model S in China
He said the purpose of this is to ensure the industry does not grow dependent on subsidies.
Instead, Lou said, China will let the market will decide how things play out.
Interestingly, he also praised California's emission-credit system as a market-based policy; that system allows carmakers to buy credits to offset excess emissions.
ALSO SEE: Chinese Electric-Car Sales Booming, But Not Because Buyers Want Them (Aug 2015)
Carmakers that achieve fleet averages below the maximum earn credits, which they can then sell for a profit to other makers that haven't met their averages.
Tesla Motors has taken full advantage of this system, selling credits to other carmakers and earning money in the process.
However, China does not have a comparable system, and so far there is little indication that it will implement one in the near future.
2016 BYD Tang plug-in hybrid SUV, made in China
Reacting to the news, some carmakers now wonder whether battery-electric cars or plug-in hybrids will become dominant in China.
While China reported greater electric-car sales than the U.S. last year, plug-in hybrids appear to have made up a majority of that total.
MORE: China Emission Standards: So Tough Honda Will Have All Hybrids By 2025 (Dec 2015)
China still lacks developed charging infrastructure, which makes plug-in cars with backup internal-combustion engines more attractive to many consumers.
But if plug-in hybrids end up outselling battery-electric cars, then how often they actually get plugged in becomes crucial.
Because if these cars aren't plugged in, then they essentially become ordinary gasoline vehicles--and no major environmental benefits are realized.
China Electric Cars Green incentives plug-in cars Plug-In Hybrids Politics
Electric Car: 2019 Nissan Leaf to cost $30,885, long-range battery... Green Car: Chevrolet Volt: Green Car Reports Best Car To Buy 2016 Honda Hybrid: Honda Unveils 2009 CR-Z Concept in Tokyo Tesla Motor: Tesla motor, Shelby Cobra body, Kia battery: watch... Tesla Motor: Tesla Motors Clears the Air about DOE Loan Electric Car Sale: Renault Zoe Leads 2015 European Sales Of All-Electric...
China wants all electric cars: will it work? Reasons and reactions


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Next Thing Co. was an Oakland, California based start-up company founded in 2013 by Dave Rauchwerk, Gustavo Huber and Thomas Deckert. NTC initially launched CHIP computer via a successful Kickstarter campaign in May 2015. The campaign started with a goal of US$50,000, and ended with 39,560 backers pledging US$2,071,927.
CHIP was the original board, mostly targeting hobbyists. The system is built around the AllWinner R8 SoC processor, which integrates an ARM Cortex-A8 CPU (based on ARM architecture V7-A) and peripherals, such as Graphic Engine, UART, SPI, USB ports, CIR, CMOS Sensor Interface and LCD controller. The CPU is also accompanied by a NEON SIMD coprocessor and has RCT JAVA-Accelerations to optimize just-in-time (JIT) and dynamic adaptive compilation (DAC).
Few details were available in regard to CHIP's would-be successor or successors except it would have used Next Thing's own SiP GR8 instead of Allwinner's original R8. In addition to feature-sharing with CHIP Pro, the company wanted to "take advantage of CHIP Pro's much more stable supply chain" in order to address the uneasiness in its user base about the future of the product. In responding to user concerns, Next Thing also disclosed that more than one successor product line was in the works.
Pocket CHIP includes a CHIP, a case with a 4.3 inch 480а272 pixel resistive touchscreen, a clicky keyboard, GPIO headers on the top of the device, and GPIO soldering pads inside of the injection mold case. A 5-hour battery is included. Following DIP specifications, the CHIP snaps into the case with no "screws or glues" creating a portable computer. On the lower right corner of the Pocket CHIP is a hexagonal hole that takes a standard #2 HB pencil. Inserting the pencil creates a stand that allows the Pocket CHIP to stand upright on a desk. Likewise, on the lower left is a circular hole for a pen.
While NTC has published many of its hardware and software repositories on GitHub, surviving CHIPsters (as CHIP users call themselves) also launched an effort in order to preserve useful document, software, and other artifacts by leveraging the Internet Archive (a.k.a. archive.org). One effort is led by a user who has never received his preordered CHIP. Another user set up a standalone site focusing on binary packages and GIT repo.


I have sold a property at 143 MORNINGSIDE MANOR SW in AIRDRIE.
Welcome home to this charming 2-Storey house with a Double Detached Garage in Morningside. This well kept 3 bedroom, 3 bathroom home is sure to impress. As you enter the home, the bright and cozy living room with a gas fireplace greets you. The Open Concept kitchen offers ample storage with lots of cabinets and pantry. The dining nook is open to the kitchen and spacious enough to fit a large table. The generous Master Bedroom with a 3-Piece ensuite is located on the upper level along with 2 more fair sized bedrooms and a 4-Piece main bath. The yard is fully landscaped and well manicured, definitely a must see! Call today.


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In today's competitive job market, it's up to you to take charge and manage your career so you can successfully stand out from your competition. This illuminating six-hour seminar shows you how to develop your "Personal Core Brand"™ to position and package yourself to get noticed and succeed.
David's workshop is part of The Fashion Institute of Technology's Master Class Series and Hot Topics coursework.


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Societatea Asiatică (în ) a fost fondată de Sir William Jones pe 15 ianuarie 1784 într-o ședință prezidată de Sir Robert Chambers, președintele Curții Supreme de Justiție, la Fortul William din Calcutta, capitala de atunci a Indiei Britanice, pentru a susține cercetările orientale. La momentul înființării sale, această societate a fost denumită "Asiatick Society". În 1825 a fost eliminată litera k fără vreo rezoluție formală, iar societatea a fost redenumită "The Asiatic Society". În 1832 numele ei a fost schimbat în cel de "The Asiatic Society of Bengal" și din nou în 1936 în cel de "The Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal". În cele din urmă, numele societății a fost schimbat pe 1 iulie 1951 în cel actual. Societatea este situată, începând din 1808, într-o clădire de pe Park Street din Kolkata (Calcutta). În 1823 s-a constituit Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta, iar toate ședințele acestei societăți au avut loc în clădirea Societății Asiatice.

Istoric
În ianuarie 1784 Sir William Jones a trimis o scrisoare-circulară câtorva locuitori britanici din Calcutta, cu scopul de a înființa o societate pentru studii asiatice. La invitația sa, treizeci de locuitori britanici s-au întâlnit în Sala Mare a Juriului de la Curtea Supremă de Justiție (în Fortul William din Calcutta) pe 15 ianuarie 1784. Reuniunea a fost prezidată de Sir Robert Chambers. La această întâlnire, Jones a explicat obiectivele societății ce urma a fi fondată. Memorandumul Societății Asiatice, pregătit de Jones, prevedea:<ref name=r>Chakrabarty, R. (2008). The Asiatic Society:1784-2008, An Overview in Time Past and Time Present: Two Hundred and Twenty-five Years of the Asiatic Society''' Kolkata: The Asiatic Society, pp.2-24</ref>

 Limitele cercetărilor de investigații vor fi marginile geografice ale Asiei și în cadrul acestor limite cercetările sale se vor extinde la orice este realizat de către om sau produs de natură.

Notabile au fost primii membri ai Charles Wilkins și Alexander Hamilton (vărul omului politic american). Inițial, Sala Mare a Juriului de la Curtea Supremă a fost folosită pentru întâlnirile membrilor, care trebuiau să plătească o cotizație trimestrială de două mohuri. Membrii erau aleși prin vot. Pe 29 septembrie 1796 membrii societății au decis să aibă o clădire proprie. Vicepreședintele J. H. Harrington a ales colțul format de Park Street și Chowringhee Road (locația actuală) pentru a se construi acolo clădirea societății. Terenul a fost acordat societății pe 15 mai 1805. Planul original pentru noua clădire a fost realizat de căpitanul Thomas Preston. Arhitectul francez, Jean Jacques Pichon (sau Jean Jacques Pissaun) a făcut anumite modificări ale proiectului și a construit o clădire cu două etaje. Costul construirii acestei clădiri a fost de 30.000 de rupii. Prima întrunire trimestrială a societății pe anul 1808 a avut loc în noua clădire în 3 februarie 1808.

În perioada 1784-1828 au fost aleși membri ai Societății doar europeni. În 1829, la inițiativa lui H. H. Wilson, au fost aleși ca membri și câțiva indieni printre care Dwarakanath Tagore, Sivchandra Das, Maharaja Baidyanath Roy, Maharaja Bunwari Govind Roy, Raja Kalikrishna Bahadur, Rajchunder Das, Ram Comul Sen și Prasanna Coomar Tagore. Pe 12 decembrie 1832 Ram Comul Sen a fost ales secretar nativ. Mai târziu, Rajendralal Mitra a devenit primul președinte indian în 1885.

 Biblioteca
Una dintre principalele activități ale Societății Asiatice a fost colectarea de manuscrise vechi din India. Societatea a avut o colecție enormă de manuscrise sanscrite. În prezent, biblioteca Societății Asiatice are o colecție de aproximativ 117.000 de cărți și 79.000 de reviste tipărite în aproape toate limbile importante ale lumii. Ea are, de asemenea, o colecție de 293 hărți, microfișe a 48.000 de lucrări, un microfilm de 387.003 pagini, 182 picturi, 2500 pamflete și 2150 de fotografii. Cea mai veche carte tipărită care este păstrată în această bibliotecă este Astronomicorum Libri a lui Juli Firmici, ce a fost publicată în 1499. Biblioteca are în posesia sa un număr mare de cărți tipărite în India în secolul al XVIII-lea și la începutul secolului al XIX-lea, precum și multe cărți rare. Ea mai dispune de o bogată colecție de aproximativ 47.000 de manuscrise în 26 de limbi. Printre acestea se află un manuscris ilustrat al Coranului, un manuscris al textului Gulistan și un manuscris al Padshah Nama ce poartă semnătura împăratului Shahjahan. Numărul de reviste aflat în posesia bibliotecii este în prezent de aproximativ 80.000.

Colecția inițială a acestei biblioteci a fost îmbogățită prin donațiile primite de la membrii săi. Biblioteca a primit în 25 martie 1784 șapte manuscrise persane de la Henri Richardson. De asemenea, William Marsden a donat cartea sa, History of Island of Sumatra (1783), pe 10 noiembrie 1784. Robert Home, primul custode al bibliotecii (1804), a donat colecția sa mică, dar valoroasă de lucrări de artă. Prima donație importantă a fost un cadou de la Comitetul Seringapatam din 3 februarie 1808, ce a constat dintr-o colecție aflată anterior în Biblioteca Palatului lui Tipu Sultan. Biblioteca a primit colecția de manuscrise și desene a colonelului - inspector general Mackenzie în decembrie 1822.

 Muzeul

Muzeul societății a fost fondat în 1814, sub conducerea lui Nathaniel Wallich. Creșterea rapidă a colecțiilor este evidențiată de primul său catalog, publicat în 1849. Prin 1849 Societatea avea propriul său muzeu alcătuit din inscripții în piatră și metal, icoane, monede vechi, manuscrise sanscrite etc.

Odată cu înființarea Muzeului Indian din Calcutta în 1814, Societatea Asiatică i-a predat colecțiile sale cele mai valoroase. Societatea are totuși un muzeu propriu unde se află edictul scris pe stâncă al lui Așoka (c. 250 î.Hr.) și o colecție importantă de inscripții pe plăci de cupru, monede, sculpturi, manuscrise și documente de arhivă. Unele capodopere precum Cupidon adormit pe un nor de Joshua Reynolds, Cleopatra lui Guido Cagnacci, Ghat din Benares al lui Thomas Daniell și Cristos Copil al lui Peter Paul Rubens se află, de asemenea, în posesia acestui muzeu.

 Studii

 Referințe și surse
 Referințe

 Surse
 Mitra, S.K. (1974). The Asiatic Society'', Calcutta: The Asiatic Society.

Legături externe

 "Asiatic Society", Banglapedia. On Line.
 "Asiatic Society of Bengal", Scholarly Societies Project.
 Scanned volumes of the Journal of the Asiatic Society

Orientalistică

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ST. JOHN'S, N.L. - John Albert scored with 42 seconds left in regulation Saturday as the St. John's IceCaps completed a weekend sweep of the Manchester Monarchs with a 3-2 win in the American Hockey League.
Spencer Machacek and Jason Gregoire also scored for the IceCaps (21-8-5), who got 14 saves from David Aebischer.
Rob Mignardi and Dwight King replied for the Monarchs (21-15-2), while Martin Jones made 33 stops in the loss. Jordan Nolan added two assists.
Albert beat Jones with an unassisted effort blocker side to win it for St. John's in the final minute.
Tied 1-1 entering the third, Gregoire solved Jones at 5:24 after moving past a Manchester defender and firing a backhander to give St. John's a 2-1 lead.
But King fired a one-timer on a Monarchs power play to level the game with 2:31 remaining. That set the stage for Albert's late heroics.
Mignardi gave Manchester a 1-0 lead at 15:45 of the first after Aebischer made three initial saves in front.
Machacek levelled the game for the IceCaps at 1:26 of the second period when he took the puck across the blue-line and put a low shot on net. Jones mad the initial save, but Machacek capitalized on the rebound.
The period would bring more bad news for the Monarchs as Mignardi left the game after a scary hit to the head. Ben Maxwell received a five-minute major and game misconduct for boarding after he crunched Mignardi's head against the boards.
Mignardi laid on the ice for several minutes before leaving the ice with the help of a trainer and two teammates. There was no update on his condition immediately following the game.
The Monarchs went scoreless on the lengthy power play.
Manchester was 1-for-4 on the power play on the night, while St. John's was 0-for-2.


The STRAIGHT CASH PODCAST IS BACK! That's right after a near PERFECT BETTING WEEK in Week 7 of the 2018 NFL season, America's favorite betting segment is back as a full Podcast on the Bays Golden Days Network as Markus Boucher returns with Alan Flores to go over every game, every point spread and every bet from Week 8 of the 2018 NFL season! That means there will be TWO NEW NFL Podcasts per week with full in-depth coverage of the Oakland Raiders and every other game from the 2018 NFL Schedule! Every game, every bet & everything you need to know about the Oakland Raiders FOR FREE, only on the Bays Golden Days Podcast available on Itunes, Apple Podcast, Google Play and bgdsports.com!
The STRAIGHT CASH HOMIE PODCAST IS BACK! That's right, America's favorite betting segment is back as a full Podcast on the Bays Golden Days Network as Markus Boucher returns with Alan Flores to go over every game, every point spread and every bet from Week 6 of the 2018 NFL season! That means there will be TWO NEW NFL Podcasts per week with full in-depth coverage of the Oakland Raiders and every other game from the 2018 NFL Schedule! Every game, every bet & everything you need to know about the Oakland Raiders only on the Bays Golden Days Podcast available on Itunes, Apple Podcast, Google Play and bgdsports.com!
STRAIGHT CASH HOMIE IS BACK! That's right, America's favorite betting segment is back on the Bays Golden Days Podcast as Markus Boucher returns with Alan Flores to go over every game, every point spread and every bet from Week 5 of the 2018 NFL season! That means there will be TWO NEW NFL Podcasts per week with full in-depth coverage of the Oakland Raiders and every other game from the 2018 NFL Schedule! Every game, every bet & everything you need to know about the Oakland Raiders only on the Bays Golden Days Podcast available on Itunes, Apple Podcast, Google Play and bgdsports.com!
STRAIGHT CASH HOMIE IS BACK! That's right, America's favorite betting segment is back on the Bays Golden Days Podcast as Markus Boucher returns with Alan Flores to go over every game, every point spread and every bet from Week 4 of the 2018 NFL season! That means there will be TWO NEW NFL Podcasts per week with full in-depth coverage of the Oakland Raiders and every other game from the 2018 NFL Schedule! Every game, every bet & everything you need to know about the Oakland Raiders only on the Bays Golden Days Podcast available on Itunes, Apple Podcast, Google Play and bgdsports.com!


The Cambridge Sixes is now the largest one day bridge event in NZ . There were 42 teams of six (252 players) and the new venue was awesome. It was held at the Don Rowlands Centre in Karapiro. This is a new events centre close to the NZ rowing high performance centre. It was rather special to be greeted by a big electronic notice board identifying the Cambridge 6s and which gate to drive into.
The Cambridge club has to be congratulated for the amazing effort they put into organising this event. We know how much work goes on behind the scenes. From Michael Neels who had a dream and created this event, Jan Spaans who makes the scoring look so easy and the Cambridge members who all pitch in to set up tables, arrange food (loved the cup cakes), the raffles, prized (in beautifully hand folded envelopes), decorations etc.
Just shows you what a small innovative club can do !
Still recovering from the winning the big rugby event, so did not excel at bridge !
This great venue and organisation means it will be popular next year on the 12 August 2017. Click here to enter now !


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HomeHealth issues
Recommendation calls for earlier diabetes screening in people who are overweight
Research we're watching
If your body mass index (BMI) — a measure of body fat based on both weight and height — is 25 or greater, you should be screened for prediabetes and diabetes every three years starting at age 35, instead of age 40, according to an updated recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. It is hoped that screening these people at a younger age will find more cases of prediabetes and diabetes sooner and help head off some of the worst effects of the disease. Some 13% of U.S. adults have diabetes, and another 34.5% have prediabetes, according to the CDC.
Many people with diabetes — some 21.4% — don't know they have it. In 2017, diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Uncontrolled, it can lead to a range of serious health effects, including kidney failure, blindness, and cardiovascular and liver disease.
Typically, diabetes screening is done by measuring a blood sugar after an eight hour fast or getting a blood test for hemoglobin A1C (it can be done any time of the day). If you are at high risk for diabetes, your doctor may want to start screening you at an even younger age, says the recommendation.
If you are diagnosed with prediabetes, lifestyle changes — such as improving your diet, exercising, and losing weight — and certain medications might prevent or delay the development of diabetes.
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DISCLIAMER


The Delaware Valley Bluegrass Festival is an annual event usually held Labor Day weekend.
DESCRIPTION: The Annual Delaware Valley Bluegrass Festival is presented since 1972 by the Brandywine Friends of Oldtime Music, a non-profit all volunteer organization.
This is the oldest Bluegrass Festival in the North East, and it was recognized in 2016 by the International Bluegrass Music Association's (IBMA) as Event of the Year.
Besides 3 full days of music by over 15 of the best national bands, it offers activities for the whole family, with: a Children's stage, Jam Classes, Clogging workshop , a wide variety of vendors and more.
Free rough camping with ticket.


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Q: why many libraries does not detect dead TCP connections? TCP has a keep-alive mechanism to detect dead connections, but it surprised me that this option is turned off by default and many libraries/tools do not utilize this feature.
If I am understanding correctly, a TCP connection blocked in a recv call won't be able to detect if a connection has been actually aborted by peer if all the FIN/RST packets from peer have been lost.
A timeout parameter on client side may alleviate the issue but many libraries does not have a option to set timeout either. One example is that the mysql-python connector does not have a recv timeout option. Another example is that a Nginx server talks to a gunicorn backend with proxy_pass, gunicorn workers may stop responding due to dead connections on it, but there is no way for gunicorn workers to detect it.
Could anyone can explain the reason or correct me if I am wrong?

A: The term "dead connection" is a bit ambiguous -- it could mean any of the following:

*

*The peer program closed its socket (or the peer program exited or crashed, and the peer computer's OS closed the socket as part of its standard process-cleanup)

*Connectivity to the peer computer has suddenly been lost (this could happen because the peer computer lost power, or somebody pulled out the Ethernet cord that was connecting the peer computer to the router, or the peer's ISP had a router failure, or your ISP had a router failure, or etc)

*The peer program is still running but simply decided (for some reason, probably due to a bug) to stop calling recv() on his TCP socket anymore.

*The packet-path between your program and the remote peer still exists, sort of, but something along that path is dropping so many packets that the effective transmission rate of the TCP connection has dropped to approximately zero.
So the first question to answer is, which of the above conditions will the TCP layer detect on its own?
Condition (1) is the easy case -- the peer's TCP stack will send you the FIN packets, and when your program's network stack receives them, it will know for sure that the TCP connection is closed and act accordingly, and therefore your recv() call will return 0 very quickly.
In condition (2), the answer is "sometimes" -- in particular, if your program has any TCP data in the socket's output buffer that it is trying to send to the peer, and it never gets any ACK packets back regarding that data, then after a certain number of timeouts (and subsequent packet-resend attempts), your computer's TCP stack will give up, declare the connection dead, and unilaterally close the TCP connection; at which point recv() will return 0.  If there are no outgoing TCP data packets trying to be sent, on the other hand, then the local TCP stack won't be waiting for any ACKs to come back, and therefore it won't time out when it doesn't get them, and therefore it won't ever give up and close the TCP connection.  In this scenario, your recv() call could well block indefinitely, because the TCP connection is idle and the TCP stack has no way of knowing that the peer is gone (as opposed to simply not sending any data right now).  It is this scenario that the SO_KEEPALIVE option was meant to handle, but since the designers of the SO_KEEPALIVE option wanted to conserve bandwidth by default, and sending automatic keepalive packets uses up additional bandwidth, they decided to make the keepalive option disabled by default.  Also, the default send-a-keepalive interval is often quite long by modern standards (e.g. hours) and on some OS's it is difficult to change except on a system-wide basis, which make SO_KEEPALIVE of limited usefulness for many applications.
For conditions (3) and (4), the TCP connection isn't really "dead", it's just that some device (either the peer program, or a piece of networking gear somewhere between your program and the peer) is being uncooperative.  Since the TCP layer can't know what the applications that are using it are trying to achieve, it wisely doesn't try to second-guess them in this regard, and it leaves the TCP connection open unless you explicitly tell it to close() the connection.
So now that we've described the TCP layer's behavior, what about the applications and API's that use it?  i.e. why don't they try to improve on the basic TCP-stack behavior by offering better detection?  The answer is that some of them do; e.g. by periodically sending dummy "ping" messages across any socket that would otherwise be idle, simply to "stimulate" the TCP stack into detecting when no ACKs are coming back as described in the paragraph about condition (2), above.  Some go even further and expect the remote peer to send a corresponding "pong" message to come back on the same socket within (so many) seconds, and if it doesn't, the program will unilaterally close the socket.  This sort-of works, but it also makes assumptions about the performance of your network, and that can lead to false positives and therefore unwanted disconnections when the peer is connecting via a slow or unreliable network, which is why many applications/libraries don't implement this (or at least don't enable it by default).

A: It's not surprising to me that keep-alive is turned off by default.
Because it's always possible that the peer program can freeze due to a bug or error, etc. In this case recv also blocks forever even if the TCP connection is alive. So keep-alive may be not so useful after all (except to prevent router from dropping connection). Various reasons might cause your recv to block forever anyway.
Besides, a low-level underlying protocol for general purpose should probably be kept as simple as possible.

In addition, I'm not surprised by your examples about not being able to set timeout either. Look at the most popular software tools in this world. They are polished, evolved, optimized, and used for such a long time. Yet many of them still freeze, crash, or misbehave rather frequently. Writing correct code is meticulous work. Not to mention further requirements like security, cross-platform, backward compatibility. Programmer's life is not easy.

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Orange Mobile Banking To Launch In Spain Spain News November 26, 2019
French telecoms giant Orange has announced the launch of its mobile-banking only service in Spain with the promise of discounted phone calls.
It comes after the company set up the 100% mobile banking service two years ago in France, which proved to be a resounding success with over 500,000 new registrations.
Facilities will include a savings account, Mastercard debit card, cheque account and discounted mobile phone bills.
Customers will be able to perform all the normal daily banking operations such as checking their balances, paying with Apple Pay, managing their debit cards and making free Sepa money transfers.
The banking app will also include a 'group management' feature, which will allow account holders to share or transfer funds and expenses among several people.
General Director of the Bank in Spain Narciso Perales said, "Banking is accelerating towards an online model, concentrated around access via mobiles, and Orange wants to play a leading role by providing a competitive, simple and accessible offer at any time and place. One of our differentiating values lies precisely in being a bank that does not come from the traditional banking space. Our hallmark as a leading telco enables us to be the most suited to design a mobile banking service for today's highly mobile population."
The new accounts will have a Spanish IBAN code and offer interest rates of 1% on balances up to €20,000. Customers in Spain will also not be charged any registration fees to set up the service.
Paul de Leusse, CEO of the Bank, commented. "Orange Bank, now strongly established in France with 500,000 customers after two years of existence, is proud to expand its footprint with its Spanish branch. I congratulate the multidisciplinary teams of professionals across France and Spain who worked in a truly agile mode to deliver this new and unique offer in Spain, one of the Group's largest European markets. Banking and financial services is a key strand of the Group's multiservice strategy and reinforces Orange's commitment to deliver services designed to enrich our customers' lives."
Image Credit: Orange.com
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