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More U.S. Troops Being Sent to Africa to Battle Ebola. Why?
Posted by Socrates in Africa, Albert Schweitzer, black behavior, black behavior vs. white behavior, black cops, black culture, Black IQ, black rule, blacks, Ebola, Socrates at 2:15 pm | Permanent Link
Why are White people being sent half-way around the world to fight an African disease? Because Blacks are basically adult children [1]. They are unable to care for themselves, so White people have to help them. (Yet, here in America, Blacks are now police officers and judges and congressmen).
[1] the famous doctor, Dr. Albert Schweitzer, said that Blacks are "like children"
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32 Responses to "More U.S. Troops Being Sent to Africa to Battle Ebola. Why?"
The world must be astonished to witness the hateful city on the Potomac prosecuting its wars by covering with its armies and navies 3/4 of the earth.
What principle motivates the Federals to assault the world ?
Very good question, fd. I think this American Empire insanity all began with Presidents Bill McKinley and Teddy Roosevelt. Up until their time we pretty much minded our own business, except for the Mexican War, which is the last US conflict for which any kind of justification could be made. With McKinley-Roosevelt the USA became a global colonial power, no different from Germany, Britain or France. Bad idea. Bad medicine, White Man.
Why did it happen? Because after the War Between the States we saw the rise of the Corporations and the Trusts. The Robber Barons of the Industrial Revolution (with their Rothschild money) took America away from its traditional owners, the White American farmer and small businessman.
Then we started to compete with Imperial Germany, France, Britain, Japan and Russia for access to and control of the Far East. Hence the construction of the Panama Canal, which required huge amounts of international capital, as well as getting the Columbian province of Panama to break away and become an obedient stooge of Washington. And then came the war against Imperial Spain (or what was left of it by 1898) to grab Cuba and The Philippines……And so on and so forth, until the USA became the biggest imperial power of them all.
Now there's nowhere for the Kwa to go but downhill. And that is exactly where we are going and have been since, when, the end of the Vietnam War, perhaps?
Mary O Says:
This thinking is naive. We are the ones being children.
Believe it or not, Africans can take care of Africa. They have their own means of disease control. For example, healthy villages will practice "reverse quarantine," refusing to let anyone enter their village until the outbreak has ceased.
In contrast, we Westerners are forcing huge convoys of dumb do-gooders like "Doctors without [Brains]" through their small towns, smug in the Western notion that our "cleanliness is next to Godliness" attitude will protect us from the dirty germs.
Obviously the villagers are right: the virus is spread through human interactions; therefore, the best policy is to shut down interactions to the maximal point possible, just temporarily, until the danger passes.
Another African practice to construct a grass hut for the diseased individual. If the person then dies, the villagers burn the hut. This form of complete and total viral decontamination by fire protects the rest of the people from the virus.
What are we "smart" Whites going to do? Tell a Mexicana to sponge Clorox over every square inch of a hospital room?
Myth: Wildlife stays put.
Fruit bats live in any area with lots of trees. They are very difficult to catch, and when they are not flying they are difficult to find, because they are small. Could a fruit bat somehow be inducted into the cargo hull of an airplane, or any part of a plane, and thereby be transported anywhere in the USA? The African variety are the same species as the fruit bats that live practically everywhere in the US.
Maybe bats are to planes, what rats used to be to boats; the vector of contagion, and the cause of epidemics. The cargo hull would be ice-cold, but maybe a small bat could survive esp. shorter distances like into Europe, and from there, here, everywhere on the globe.
1865 to present: With an unchecked Federal government, greed and murderous aggression became front and center world wide.
Houston, the oil capital of the world, began sending the boys in the Gulf to build the offshore oilfields in the Persian Gulf, Far East, Africa, South America and the North Sea. Washington will bomb anyone who interferes with the flow of oil belonging to so – called American interest.
The oil companies were so powerful in the Gulf of Mexico, there was no attempt to force affirmative action on White Southerners. All the jobs in the Gulf were 100% White when I was out there in the 1970s and '80s. Not a chance it's like that today.
I suspect US troops are being sent to Africa not to "combat" a disease that's killed 2 or 3,000 people -hardly a global pandemic- but rather as an excuse to begin the direct US occupation/colonialization/exploitation of Africa. By contrast the Cubans send doctors, nurses and engineers to troubled parts of the third world, not military forces.
The ilk of Soros wants the mineral rights to the land. For the same reason, Central Americans are being "cleared" from their land with bogus promises of a life of relative ease on the US public assistance programs.
These events are similar to the Land Clearances in Scotland and other areas of northern Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Certain interests found they could make more money from using the land for livestock rather than renting to small farmers.
Doctors without Brains and similar groups are just pawns being used by the Soros interests to actually spread the disease farther and worsen conditions there.
The US military is taking in huge numbers of Central Americans, and promising them and their families citizenship and other privileges. When they go on break from their tour of West Africa, might the new recruits go home? And, spread it throughout their homelands, where with similar wildlife, primates and fruit bats, it will rage out of control?
The illness attacks the brain, as well as every other vital organ. The blood clots, and the person experiences a series of strokes which impair their judgment. Blaming the sick person for "selfishness" in getting on a plane and possibly infecting other people is not reasonable. Even the few survivors, like the doctor in the Atlanta hospital, probably suffered significant brain damage.
Nature will save the planet by killing off more than half the human population. Natural selection decides who stays and who goes. There is no colder heart than mother nature when her guests have over-stayed their welcome.
The media has at times made this virus sound as difficult to contract as AIDS. Actually, people can be infected by riding in a taxi after someone with an infection. "Body fluids" can include trace perspiration, or minute saliva droplets from a sneeze.
According to a WHO staff member who has been in Liberia for the past several weeks, motorbike-taxis and regular taxis are a hot source of potential Ebola virus transmission, as these vehicles are not disinfected at all, much less before new passengers are taken on board.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/8-september-2014/en/
AIDS is an entirely different type of virus, which dies immediately on being exposed to air. That's why it doesn't spread so easily. Exposed, on a surface, AIDS dies instantly; but Ebola can live for a few hours facilitating infection.
The media gives few details, and perhaps few facts are actually known; but how long can Ebola live in say a small drop of blood? Probably it could live a few hours after the blood has completely dried. Depending on the size of the drop of blood, and the ambient temperature; perhaps 22 hours would be a safe guess.
Taking money from someone with Ebola could cause an infection if the person accepting the money has even a small cut, even a pinprick, on their hand.
The authorities are advising people to wash hands with soap very frequently, but could that just increase the number of hand abrasions? Esp. in cold weather, exposure to water to an excessive degree, can make skin crack.
Hand sanitizer can make skin crack too. We are being warned to be sure that it is at least 65% alcohol to kill Ebola.
Public rest rooms could possibly spread the virus, too.
Mary O Says: "Believe it or not, Africans can take care of Africa."
I agree. Your statement reminds me of WW1 winding down with Germany the victor. The exhausted European countries were prepared to go back to the way things were before the war which they had done for centuries. The Germans had no ambitions to control other countries. But the Federals didn't like the victor so they upstarted the war and perverted all of Europe.
Europe can manages its own affairs. When the Federals get involved, everything is ruined in their hands.
This Frieden needs to be fired. Believe it or not, the world can do very nicely without us; just as we could do very nicely without him and his type. People who may have ebola do not have the right to enter the US seeking free "Emergency Medicaid" or for any other reason. Their expenses could easily hit $500K per person for "clean room" cost [that is, all the equipment and training to keep a special room controlled against virus], and the victims would die at the same rate as they would over in Africa.
And, talk about hypocrisy: A Jew arguing in favor of a so-called "right of return."
How sad if the US were to close its doors for say 6 months.
Millions of nerdy backpackers would be forced to hit the Appalachian Trail instead of outer Burma, or Mali, or places like that.
The lull in the wars might produce a minor economic recovery, giving Americans headaches over which creditor to pay off first.
Instead of being terrorized by gangsters throwing wild drug parties all night around the block, Americans might use the peace and quiet to read books like "Self-Reliance" by Thoreau.
Walking to save money on imported gas might cure the obesity epidemic (hear that, Michelle); while increased carpooling might improve political organization (people talk when they get together).
Frieden believes the best way to control the outbreak of the deadly virus is to fight it from the source in West Africa, not stop people who may or may not be infected from coming into the country.
'Though we might wish we can seal ourselves off from the world, there are Americans who have the right of return and many other people that have the right to enter this country,' he said.
As the number of potential Ebola patients continues to rage in the United States, Frieden stressed there remains only one confirmed case – Thomas Eric Duncan in Dallas.
'We have definitely seen an increase in the number since this patient was diagnosed – that is as it should be,' Frieden said.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2781013/We-t-just-seal-country-Travel-ban-increase-Ebola-outbreak-restricting-care-need-CDC-director-says.html
"Americans might use the peace and quiet to read books like "Self Reliance" by Thoreau."
Excellent suggestion, Mary O, most excellent. I would also recommend using that quiet time for reading his essay "Civil Disobedience". If you live in the Boston area this would be a fine time of the year to visit Walden Pond and the nearby cemetery where Thoreau, his friend Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Louisa May Alcott, among other great White Americans of the past, are buried.
The fed-guv is definitely to blame. Maybe localities could close down the ebola influx by refusing to fund proper facilities. Say an individual city were to ban the implementation of any type of hospital "clean room" for ebola. No money, no facility, no immigrant influx, no Medicaid for services which are not available. Each locality could perhaps ban ebola treatment centers in their jurisdiction; thereby protecting their own people from a flood of contagious victims.
Keep in mind that there is nothing realistically to be done for the victims; the disease acts so quickly that even keeping them "comfortable" is beyond our capability.
The fed-guv's major technique in destroying the Mideast for Israel's maximal convenience is to offer its people a supposedly comfy life on US public assistance. Once the prospective immigrants learn that their new Section 8 neighbors might be ebola victims, how many will come flooding over from Syria and other target nations?
They just might decide to stand their ground.
Every dark cloud has a silver lining.
Off-topic, but nonetheless, here is a suggestion: maybe we could claim "Aryan" as a religion.
For beliefs, we could incorporate any ideas like family values, and honesty or love of nature that we like. We could leave it up to the individual as Unitarians do.
Then, we could play the "religion card" against the race card as Jews do. The religious Aryan could demand certain forms of social separatism that the racial Aryan could not. For example, the religious Aryan could not be pilloried for not wanting to date non-Aryans, or disapproving of such relationships. Religious Aryans might have freedom of assembly.
Jews could not infiltrate, and drive Aryanism to the left, the way they do Protestant churches; because they hate the very sound of the word "Aryan."
Matt Hale tried to get the Federal Empire to recognize his World Church of the Creator as a religious organization, but since it's pro-White that didn't happen.
I also like Mary O's idea of those nerdy back-packers hitting the Appalachian Trail instead of going off to some godforsaken place like Burma or Turkey to hike. What a bunch of fruity, liberal dopes those nerdy back-packers are. Despite its many, many faults Amerika is still a great country that is worth visiting from coast to coast. It's just the damn Jew-capitalist-corporate-welfare-warfare System that's horrible. Plus all the spooks and spics, they're horrible as well. But once you get away from the cities and the military bases the rest of the country is still basically White and free.
Matt Hale tried to obtain tax-exempt status, though. The government therefore had a money stake in causing trouble.
Matt Hale should have never gone to the courthouse. His 6th sense wasn't working or he didn't understand the situation. I'd rather Hale be an outlaw living on the run than captured. His speech in the Semitic courtroom meant nothing to the knee benders. I hope he breaks out like Billy the Kid. It happens.
6 October, 2014 at 12:20 am
In the book, "The Hot Zone" by Richard Preston, an 1989 Army ebola decontamination operation is described. In the chapter entitled "91-Tangos," a code name for a specialized military unit, the use of bleach is mentioned.
Following prescribed procedures, when the soldiers spill blood on their protective suits, they wash it off with a sponge of bleach. Similarly, they wash their gloves of blood, since the blood might make it difficult to detect a rip or tear in the glove material.
And ….
Every time blood went down the drain, they would pour bleach after it — they didn't want ebola getting into the Reston sewage system
Reston is a suburb near Washington DC.
So when an ebola victim vomits in a public toilet, is there a chance that the virus survives in the flushed water, and might contaminate the sewer system?
We know it survives exposed on a dry surface for only a few hours, but what exactly does the virus do in water?
So, ZOG has several thousand troops it can send to Africa in order to help fight some ooga-booga disease, but there are no Federal troops available to put on the extremely dangerous US-Mexico border?
Good ol' Barry "Boot-Lip" Soetero. You can count on him to do EVERYTHING that is AGAINST White America's best interests.
Is the real intention to bring Ebola and other tropical diseases back to the warmer regions of the US?
Virus D-68 which recently killed a child in NJ likely came from Central America.
Actually the religion comments may belong here; since Christianity is to blame for this stupid high-risk do-gooder behavior.
We need better words, too. "Aryan" may make certain White groups feel excluded.
Jewish attitude: 1000 Gentile lives aren't worth one Jewish fingernail.
Christian attitude: 1000 White lives aren't worth one nonwhite fingernail.
2000 crazy Germans volunteer to go to Ebolaland:
https://in.news.yahoo.com/over-2-000-germans-volunteer-help-battle-ebola-163615784.html
Maybe we need to go back to the ancient Greeks and their love of truth and reason.
We do not have the capability to cure ebola victims. And, we just don't have enough information about this virus.
Therefore, going over there is sheer lunacy.
The CDC is using non sequiturs to conclude that ebola is not highly contagious in public transportation settings.
(The WHO, as I mentioned above, disagrees).
The CDC is basically saying that almost everyone who actually tested positive for the disease reported an obviously dangerous contact, such as handling the dead body of an ebola victim. However, the riskiest contact is not necessarily the actual point of infection.
Say the infected person reports that within the past week, he handled a dead body, rode in 10 taxis, took the bus twice, shared one bottle of coke with a friend and shook hands with 3 people whom he did not know. Could he have been infected when riding the bus?
We don't know.
Since handling a dead body or visiting a sick individual may be common behavior among the subjects of any related study; the danger level of other less obvious factors is possibly masked.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2782856/Is-fence-people-patients-U-S-troops-set-Ebola-field-hospital-Liberia-start-barbed-wire-perimeter.html
[Ashoka Mukpo] received IV fluids on the plane, his father said, adding that he was thankful that his son's condition had not deteriorated before he returned to the U.S.
However Dr Levy added that it was likely his son would go into the next, more serious, stage of Ebola at the Nebraska hospital.
The 33-year-old, returned to Liberia on September 4 after returning to the U.S. in May following two years of work with a non-governmental organization.
He believes that he may have contracted the virus after getting splashed while spray-washing a car that had carried someone who later died of Ebola.
This opinion contradicts the CDC statements that one does not get ebola from casual contact as sitting next to someone on a bus. Mr. Mukpo wasn't even inside the vehicle. Nor did he necessarily even physically touch the vehicle.
We should change his name: President Barack Ebola. Doesn't it sound right?
Yep, 'President Barak Ebola', aka Barry Soetero, has a good ring to it.
Inspiring to see: a mob of ANGRY WHITES!
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2788218/ebola-tensions-grow-madrid-stressed-spanish-nurses-throw-gloves-prime-minister-s-car-visits-hospital-caring-gravely-ill-victim.html
Resolution 2177 (2014) was adopted unanimously during a meeting that heard a statement from United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and briefings by the Senior United Nations System Coordinator for Ebola, David Nabarro, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Margaret Chan, and a Médecins Sans Frontières health worker, Jackson K.P. Niamah, via video-teleconference from Liberia.
Through the resolution, the Council requested the Secretary-General to ensure that all relevant United Nations sections accelerated their response to the outbreak, encouraging the World Health Organization (WHO) to strengthen its technical leadership and operational support to Governments and other partners in that effort.
The Council encouraged the Governments of the heavily affected countries of Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea to speed up the establishment of national mechanisms to deal with the crisis — providing for rapid diagnosis, quarantine, treatment and public education — and to coordinate efficient utilization of international assistance, including health workers and relief supplies.
It called on countries to lift border restrictions on the affected countries that led to their isolation, saying that such measures could undermine their efforts to respond to the crisis, calling also on transport companies to maintain links.
http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sc11566.doc.htm
The facilities that the US troops are building look just like concentration camps. Probably they are going to "isolate" and "quarantine" sick Africans in these barb-wired camps; that is, arrest them, and sentence them to die there.
The media will deluge us with images of screaming Africans trying to climb the fences to escape, and US troops shooting at them. We will then be blamed for an atrocity and crimes against humanity.
How about we just leave it alone?
Some US soldier is going to make a slight mistake, not removing the contaminated garments correctly or a similar easy-to-make error, and four or five of our troops will get ebola and die.
Meanwhile in TX, lawsuits are commencing. Not only was the $2 million (at the very least) cost to the taxpayer through "Emergency Medicaid," quarantine costs and haz-mat contracts, but now we are being sued for being racist because we didn't give the patient the experimental drug which was already used up, and we also didn't give him the blood of White survivors' which didn't match his own, and might only have killed him quicker.
They literally want our blood.
Will the do-gooders please note that the one word we haven't heard is "thanks"?
Howdy Doody Says:
12 October, 2014 at 10:16 pm
http://www.newnation.org/Millard/Buttinsky-whites.html
Game changer or flash in the pan ?
I viewed a utube a year ago or so, and the regime dungeon where the violin player/church leader is a closet like cell, well film showed fat eviljellycultists dominating the prison and running it. Nave's with a good paying job, and blissfully ignorant.
I got the feeling these prison guards and admin's believe with out question every thing TV and etc. tells them with out a second thought.
If you ever see it, it will make you sad for sure.
Majority of White's don't know a single thing about this, or the refugee scam that going big time Vietnames, Mhong criminals, pal's chased out, Russian Kikes were given special $$ treatment in 1989, with some wind fall bill that was passed, can't remember the details. There is billions paid to refugee's. Beside the joo's on this gravy train how about the Sasmellies from Africa who have wreck MN. and Maine.
Plus refugee's have been sent to very rural areas that Whites would love to live if they could, trailers, house's and condo's.
Maybe this a is way to prop up the rental and filthy motel Business's run by YT hating Hindu's who love bring in relatives.


Look, we don't get political on AP too often, but when the sitting President of the United States tweets about not only 5G, but 6G - it's pretty hard not to talk about it. Donald Trump tweeted this morning that he wants America to lead in 5G and 6G technology, which is all very funny, because it is very obvious the President doesn't know almost anything about either. (This largely being because by the time 6G is even in its infancy, we will probably be nearly a decade removed from a hypothetical second Trump term).
It's unclear what prompted the President - who is a very busy man - to tweet about The 5G and 6G, which are, in the President's words, part of "the very exciting world of technology." It's possible he sporadically tuned in to a briefing this morning related to the upcoming Mobile World Congress in Barcelona next week, as it will feature many of the first large-scale demos of 5G by network operators and vendors.
Chinese smartphone maker ZTE is currently in a holding pattern after Commerce Department action last month blocked it from accessing US technology for seven years. President Trump has expressed his intention to lift that restriction, but it's unclear when or how that will happen. At a White House event with reporters, Trump has floated a hefty fine and management changes to restore ZTE's business.
Donald Draws is one of the many meme Twitter accounts devoted to our newly-elected dear leader, President Donald J. Trump - and there is little denying that his executive order photo op has been one of the most meme-able moments of the presidency thus far. Now, Donald Draws: Executive Doodle, lets you bake your own versions of this iconic clip.


SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Oil climbed to a near one-month high on Wednesday on signs of a gradual tightening in global oil inventories and on concerns about a supply outage at a field in the United Kingdom's North Sea that feeds into an international benchmark price.
Prices for Brent crude futures, the international benchmark for oil, were at $54.46 per barrel at 0457 GMT, up 29 cents, or 0.5 percent, from their last close.
U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures were up 33 cents, or 0.6 percent, at $51.35 a barrel.
Both benchmarks on Wednesday hit their highest levels since March 8.
"The immediate reason for the move was an unplanned production outage in the North Sea," said Sukrit Vijayakar, director of energy consultancy Trifecta, referring to an unplanned production outage at the Buzzard oil field in the North Sea.
Buzzard produces about 180,000 barrels per day. It is the largest contributor to the Forties crude stream that is a key component of the physical Brent oil price that the Brent futures contract settles against.
Traders also said that prices gained amid slowly tightening market conditions, with the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) leading an effort to cut output.
Shipped oil supplies have fallen by as much as 17 percent this year, according to oil analysis firm Vortexa.
"We have seen a significant reduction in global oil supply since January, with oil on water going from 978 million barrels on Jan. 1 to 812 million barrels on April 3," said Vortexa chief executive Fabio Kuhn.
Trading data in Thomson Reuters Eikon shows that OPEC shipments to the rest of the world fell to 813.7 million barrels by the end of March from 796.6 million barrels in January.
But the tighter markets will only gradually lead to a reduction in bloated inventories as production especially the United States is rising.
U.S. crude stocks fell by 1.8 million barrels last week to 533.7 million, still near an all-time record, the American Petroleum Institute reported late on Tuesday.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration will issue its inventory figures later on Wednesday.
At the heart of the bloated U.S. market is rising production.
The U.S. rig count rose for an 11th straight week last week to 662, making the first quarter of 2017 the strongest quarter for rig additions since mid-2011, according to energy services firm Baker Hughes.
Following a slump in 2015 and 2016, U.S. oil production has risen 8.5 percent since mid-2016 to 9.15 million bpd, the same level output stood at in 2014, when the market downturn began.
"Price upside will... be capped by the recovering U.S. shale sector," BMI Research said.


I would like to congratulate Skin 911 on their 10th Year Anniversary! They recently celebrated a decade of beauty and wellness last March 6 at Ayala Center Cebu. Skin 911 has been around since 2006 and from the first center in Banilad, it has now 6 facial and slimming centers all over Cebu and more to come.
I'll start this post by bragging about this new bag that I bought yesterday from Charles and Keith. I got this new baby for only 650 pesos!(half its price) Who wouldn't love sale on a pay day?! A sale is every woman's weakness. I shouldn't be buying stuff anymore since I'll be leaving in few months and trust me, I have way more stuff in my room than you could ever imagine.
I'm not a regular coffee drinker because I am sensitive to caffeine but that doesn't mean I don't like going to coffee shops. Who wouldn't like to lounge in a coffee shop with cozy ambiance, reading your favorite book on a rainy day with a hot cup of coffee or tea with your besties? Sounds nice? Yeah.


Two become one in this lovely vintage heart shape. I start with two arch shapes and rivet them together to form a unique heart pendant that makes a perfect gift for that person who completes you.
I'll be honest and say that I don't generally make a lot of heart shaped jewelry because I find the heart to be a bit overused. That said, I really like this particular design and particularly love the story of two separate entities joining to make one perfect union. This particular piece comes from an unusually worn and rusted vintage biscotti tin. I was gifted the tin in exchange for some Half Moon Pendants from it. I was left with a bunch of great real estate to work with. A part of this was on my workbench and this area of sky caught my eye. I love how the finish around the nicks and dings discolored to look like clouds. If you look closely at the tip of the heart, you'll see a little portion of a city building. This piece reminds me of l my life in NYC.
The arched pieces are hand cut and the edges are filed and finished smooth. The arches are then overlapped and riveted together to make the heart shape. I then form it to a slight curve to add interest and rigidity to the design. The final piece is about 3" (40mm) wide and strung on a simple 18" (56cm) long, 1.2mm silver finish chain with a standard spring ring clasp.


One of the most common questions I hear in this business is why is my home not selling? There is no one answer to this question but marketing presentation and pricing are often the problem. A good agent will do their best to make you aware of these problems. If you want to know more give me a call.


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In the Chelsea neighborhood of New York City, there's a new attraction that's drawing people's attention.
The Chelsea area is known for its hip restaurants and nice boutique stores, but neither of those things compare to its newest addition: a dog who loves to give hugs.
Louboutina, or Loubie, as she's known, has turned into a complete celebrity. The golden retriever has over 58,000 Instagram followers, but it's her hugs that keep her followers coming back to see her photos time and again.
Loubie's owner, a 45-year-old man named Cesar Fernandez-Chavez, brings her for two-hour walks every day, but Loubie spends a lot of that time hugging strangers.
He also said that Loubie is known for making people's days better — she's able to connect with them on an emotional level and knows exactly what they need.
Take a look at the adorable photo evidence of this huggable dog, and let us know what you think in the comments below!
Louboutina, the golden retriever who loves to give hugs, is quickly becoming an internet celebrity. Her expert hugging started about three years ago, her owner says.
Cesar had just ended a relationship when Valentine's Day came around.
Then Loubie started holding hands with Cesar any chance she got.
On every walk, she would hold her paws over one another, looking like a perfect lady.
Everyone who noticed Loubie saw how cute she was, and couldn't contain their smiles.
Then she started hugging him, picking up her legs and wrapping them around Cesar's knees.
After Cesar realized how incredible Loubie's hugs were, he decided he couldn't be the only one to experience her love.
And everyone who has gotten a chance to receive one of Louboutina's incredible hugs loves it!
Loubie still loves making everyone smile. She makes sure to hug a few strangers on every walk she goes on.
Apparently she only hugs people she makes a connection with, though, so not just anyone can get a loving hug from Loubie.
Would you love to get a hug from Loubie?
Let us know in the comments, and make sure to SHARE this sweet article with anyone who needs a smile!


Pinterest, a photo-sharing service that allows users to create and manage image collections of hobbies and events ranging from tasty recipes to wedding planning, is becoming the "next big hot thing" for political campaigns, USA Today reported, with both the Romney and Obama campaigns posting photographs, recipes, and interests on the popular social media site.
In politics, "it's always the next big hot thing," Zac Moffatt, digital director for Republican Mitt Romney's presidential campaign told USA Today when asked about Pinterest. "And it's kind of hot right now."
The Obama campaign has boards on Pinterest featuring recipes, "Pet Lovers for Obama," and "Joe Biden on the Road."
Ann Romney, the Republican nominee's wife, has boards with recipes, "Campaign," "Patriotic," "Things I Love," and other topics.
In January, there was no political presence on the site, Beth Becker, a digital media consultant, told USA Today. Now the site is populated by not only political campaigns but advocacy groups and think tanks such as Center for American Progress, the Heritage Foundation, and the AFL-CIO.
"The demographics definitely make it attractive, " Patrick Bell, director of new media for the House Republican Conference, told USA Today. "People are spending a lot of time there. Wherever the fish are, that's where we're going to fish."
The number of people using Pinterest has jumped from 11.7 million unique users in January to 18.7 million in March, according to USA Today, and most of them are women.


Born: 16 April 1884 at Wilford Lodge, near Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland and baptised 2 June 1884.
Died: 1953 under mysterious circumstances: Missing in Dublin on 1 Apr 1953, his body found washed up on the coast of Wales on 19 June 1953. See documentation below.
John and his siblings all received certificates for 'proficiency in Holy Scripture and Church Formularies' from the Church of Ireland Diocese of Tuam.
Eldest son of Arthur and Catherine Oram born on April 16th 1884 at Wilford Lodge, Co. Mayo.
He first went to school locally and then through the influence of his grandfather to Sexey's School, Bruton, Somerset.
On leaving school it was decided that he should go into the Bank. He was first interviewed for a post in the Ulster Bank in October 1900 but was told to return in 6 months. During this time he attended Skerry's Civil Service & Commercial College, a crammer in Dublin. He was finally accepted in April 1901 in their Belfast Branch and later served in Dublin.
Banking was a job John did well but hated so much that after the 1st World War when he served with the Artists Rifles he refused to return.
Through the influence of his mother's cousin James Cowan he joined Gavin Lowe the leading Auctioneers in Dublin. Within 2 years he was a director and much trusted by the elder Gavin Lowe, often staying at their country house outside Dublin for the weekends.
John loved his work but unfortunately overdid things and had a breakdown; because of this the younger directors of Gavin Lowe dismissed him, so from 1925 – 1933 he was a freelance cattle salesman and much loved in the area by the country folk for he had an amazing knowledge of livestock and when visiting farms far from home would comment on the health of individual animals that he had not seen for months – sometime during the 1930's he owned the Prize Mare in the Dublin Horse Show.
For more pictures of John with his horses go to this link.
Mosney, Co Meath. These buildings were demolished to make way for Butlin's Holiday Camp that operated from 1948 to the early 1980s.
In 1933 he moved to Mosney, Co Meath about 20 miles north of Dublin to help his mother's cousin James Cowan run the farm there. It seems as if John was always better understood by James Cowan than his own father. John carried on farming at Mosney after James' death until it was sold and he went to live in retirement with his sister Isa and brother Arthur in Dublin. But he still carried on part-time auctioneering at property and cattle sales with Smith Griffin & Co of St Stephens Green Dublin. He lived very happily on the profits of the sale of Mosney enjoying his cards and drink.
John's body was found in Hell's Mouth Bay or Porth Neigwl on the Lleyn Peninsula, North Wales. Over 30 ships are known to have been wrecked in the bay. Today it is renowned as a fine surfing area.
There is a mystery surrounding his death, a few days before his 69th birthday when his body was washed up on the shores of Lleyn Peninsular in North Wales. He had died before he entered the water.
Link to images of letters written by John's brother Arthur and newspaper cuttings.
Amongst a small group of John's personal belongings that were handed to us, was a cigarette case inscribed: "To John Oram with grateful thanks from the Meath Pony Club". CJO Image of cigarette case will be inserted here later, once my son John Oram(1987-), the present owner, has taken a picture of it.
We know about our great uncle John because our mother, Daphne wrote the "Oram Family Saga". Daphne had some photos on the table including the ones of John with his horses. My immediate reaction was "What is Grandpa doing with horses?" realising, as I spoke that it was not Grandpa. That was when I was told that John was not mentioned because he had been an alcoholic.
Looking at John's story one wonders when 'the devil's brew' started to rule his life. Was it while he was at Ulster Bank or as a result of the War? Certainly it was a factor in his dismissal from Gavin Lowe and probably a contributory factor in his death.
As far as we know John was the only English descendant of John 1824-1907 and Jane to succumb to alcoholism. The two branches who went to America were less fortunate. Through the internet we are beginning to see more of the lives of those who were given brief stories by Daphne's sources. These include a suicide and a divorce on the grounds of 'extreme cruelty' no doubt fuelled by alcohol.
For an explanation of banner picture (and to see it in full) taken in 1892 at Emma Oram's Wedding, click here.


Distance Score is a fully client-side application developed in AngularJS. It takes the simple question, "How will my commute costs differ depending on where I live?" and runs a not-so-simple matrix calculation based upon data from Google's Routing and Distance APIs. Distance Score takes advantage of its native client-side implementation to provide a fun and intuitive user experience. Once you give it a try, you might be wildly surprised at how much you are spending on your routine commute.
DistanceScore is a superb example of what is possible for an all JS client-side application. It relies on absolutely 0 internal server dependencies. All data is accessed and stored using 3rd party APIs. This cutting edge front-end architecture allows for a UX that is unmatched by similar products on the market. Many fans exclaim, "I did not know this possible! Google should be offering this as a service!" when they first get the chance to use it.
Furthermore, the extremely lightweight design of a pure JS application is cheaper to maintain. It is hosted out of an S3 bucket for pennies. DistanceScore has inspired many additional geo-analytical project ideas and that I will build as time allows.
For any origin and destination pair, Distance Score needs a distance measurement for each of 4 different modes of transportation. While shopping for real estate, a user might have more than 10 origins and 5 destinations. This means the app will have to keep track of data for over 200 routes. Of course, Google rate limits its APIs. Given the ease that Distance Score allows a user to switch between origins, if DistanceScore had to hit the Google APIs every time an origin was switched the app would quickly surpass its rate limits and be throttled.
The solution to the rate limiting problem was caching using Firebase. Everytime a distance is calculated between an origin and a destination, that information is stored in Firebase's superfast NoSQL database. Whenever an origin is changed, DistanceScore first checks Firebase before Google's APIs. This keeps the API calls to the minimum and DistanceScore running smoothly.


Tabloid - patient information, description, dosage and directions.
Treating certain types of cancer (eg, acute nonlymphocytic leukemias). It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Tabloid is an antineoplastic. It works by blocking cell protein production.
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Tabloid . However, no specific interactions with Tabloid are known at this time.
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Tabloid may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
Use Tabloid as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Tabloid may be taken with or without food.
If you miss a dose of Tabloid , take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Tabloid .
Tabloid may lower your body's ability to fight infection. Prevent infection by avoiding contact with people with colds or other infections. Notify your doctor of any signs of infection, including fever, sore throat, rashes, or chills.
Tabloid may reduce the number of clot-forming cells (platelets) in your blood. To prevent bleeding, avoid situations in which bruising or injury may occur. Report any unusual bleeding, bruising, blood in stools, or dark, tarry stools to your doctor.
Avoid vaccination with live virus vaccines (eg, measles, mumps, oral polio) while you are taking Tabloid .
LAB TESTS, including complete blood cell counts, platelet levels, or liver function tests, may be performed to monitor your progress or to check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.
Use Tabloid with caution in the ELDERLY because they may be more sensitive to its effects.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Tabloid has been shown to cause harm to the fetus. Avoid becoming pregnant while you are taking Tabloid . If you think that you may be pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Tabloid during pregnancy. It is unknown if Tabloid is excreted in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Tabloid .
Loss of appetite; nausea; vomiting.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); cough or sore throat; dark urine; fever or chills; infection; joint pain; pale stools; severe or prolonged nausea or vomiting; stomach pain or bloating; sudden weight gain; swelling of the mouth; unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual paleness; unusual tiredness; yellowing of the skin or eyes.
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center (http://www.aapcc.org), or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include excessive sweating; general body discomfort; nausea; severe dizziness; vomiting; weakness.
Store Tabloid at room temperature, between 59 and 77 degrees F (15 and 25 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Tabloid out of the reach of children and away from pets.
If you have any questions about Tabloid , please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Tabloid is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Tabloid . If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


This book is devoted to the theory of entire Hermitian operators, an important branch of functional analysis harmoniously combining the methods of operator theory and the theory of analytic functions. This theory anables various problems of classical and modern analysis to be looked at from a uniform point of view. In addition, it serves as a source for setting and solving many new problems in bot… h theories. The three chapters of the book are based on the notes written by his students of M. G. Krein's lectures on the theory of entire operators with (1,1)- deficiency index which he delivered in 1961 at the Pedagogical Institute of Odessa, and on his works on the extension theory of Hermitian operators and the theory of analytic functions. The theory is further developed in the direction of solving the problems set up by Krein at ICM-66 in the first two appendices. The first concerns the case of Hermitian operators with arbitrary defect numbers, entire with respect to an ordinary gauge and to a generalized one as well. The other focuses on the entire operators representable by differential operators. The third appendix is the translation from Russian of the unpublished notes of Krein's lecture in which, in particular, the place of the theory of entire operators in the whole analysis is elucidated. In Krein's mathematical heritage the theory of entire operators occupies a special position.


Veterans from wars in Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan may be eligible to participate in a clinical study investigating the effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) at releasing combat-related stress, trauma and memories.
Qualifying veterans will receive six free private sessions of EFT with a professionally trained coach, including follow-up assessments after 3-6 months.
Combat-related conditions include insomnia and/or nightmares, drug and/or alcohol dependencies, anger, anxiety, depression, paranoia, obsessive compulsive behavior, panic attacks, phobias, rage, grief, survivor's guilt, feelings of isolation or jumpiness around people.
The study is organized and sponsored by the Iraq Vets Stress Project (http://www.StressProject.org), a project of Soul Medicine Institute, a nonprofit research corporation.
For more information contact Susan Maloney, an integral life coach and EFT practitioner, at (707) 888-0246 or susan@susanmaloney.com.


Black-clad bohemians across the globe yesterday were to be found rummaging through their wardrobes to see if they had anything even more black to wear, their misery plumbing even deeper depths than usual following the demise of pioneering singer, guitarist and songwriter Leodhasach Reed.
Born in 1942 above his parents' Stornoway sweetie shop, Leodhasach Balallan Reed grew up listening to danns a' rathaid and Gaelic psalms, but he was especially fascinated by Marag Dubh-wop, the popular 50s acapella harmony style invented by the butchers in the Bragaidh's shop down the road.
Reed left home and moved to Ness to attend Skigersta University. There, he was taught and deeply influenced by the poet Dell Moor Schwarz, for whom he wrote "Eoropiean Son".
After dropping out of university, Reed got a job as an in-house writer on the staff of Sandwick Records, writing ruppish songs to put on crap compilation records for sale in Maciver & Dart's. In 1964 he scored a minor hit with "The Guga", a hastily-assembled single designed to cash in on an obscure dance craze sweeping Sula Sgeir at the time. The record company decided to put a band together around Reed and send them on a tour of offshore gannetries to promote the record.
This pick-up band included early Avante-Gaelic composer and local seaweed factory owner John Kale, who also provided the tour boat. Kale was captivated by Reed's technique of not tuning any of his guitar strings at all, and after the tour was over they decided to form The Bobban Underground – a group of their own to pursue their shared interest in experimental (ie ruppish) music.
Working his maritime connections, Kale poached a talented but rather uptight and conventional guitarist, Stirling 'Square' Morrison, from his day job as second mate on the Loch Seaforth. Reed recruited crazed beatnik percussionist Angus Mac a' Ghobhainn, but Mac a'Ghobhainn left in 1965 to concentrate on protesting against Sunday ferries to Kyleakin. Luckily Morrison knew a cove whose sister couldn't play the drums at all, and before long he'd persuaded Maw-reen Tractor to leave her steady job as an iteagan filler and join the band instead.
The group soon caught the attention of Andy Warholidayhome, an artist who'd made his fortune by repeatedly selling the same derelict croft house in Grimshader to loads of different white settlers. (Each time he did so, he'd just paint the house a different colour so that nobody would notice). Warholidayhome needed a band for his latest project; to create and control an environment where film, painting, multimedia happenings and fish offal processing could all be profitably combined.
So it was that in January 1966 The Bobban Underground began their residency at The Gut Factory, hanging out with Andy Warholidayhome's coterie of sycophants, superstars, doomed seceders, poor little rich ceards, peat hustlers and herring addicts.
Much against their will, Warholidayhome foisted one of his proteges – teutonic Adabroc ice maiden Niseach – on the band. Despite their mutual contempt, Niseach's atonal wailing fitted well with the band's musical incompetence and in 1966 they released "The Bobban Underground and Niseach Produced by Andy Warholidayhome". With its distinctive cover of a marag with a zip, "The Bobban Underground…" has been judged by nobody at all to be the most influential album of all time.
The Bobban Underground's subsequent career was characterised by mismanagement, failure, drug abuse, splits and financial disaster; and yet it resulted in several more studio albums and live performances which became lechendary, such as "White Light/White Peat" and "Live at Mac's Imperial Kansas City". But by 1970, Reed had had enough of life with the Bobban Underground and, quit the band in order to carve out a solo career.
After a brief period working back in the family sweetie shop, Reed was swept off to Tong Studios by D*vid B*wie. B*wie, a massive fan who had stopped off to buy a Curly Wurly on his way to the peats, was deeply concerned to hear of Reed's treatment by the music business. Bowie funded studio time and hired a roomful of top session musicians to back Reed. The result did not disappoint.


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No, this picture does not show the transformation of a severely malnourished Nigerian toddler after he was adopted by a Danish aid worker
Mary Kulundu Published on Thursday 6 December 2018 at 12:34
A Facebook post claiming to show how a malnourished Nigerian boy significantly transformed after he was adopted by a Danish aid worker is being shared widely again on social media. The post consists of a "before" photo showing the dire state the boy was found in by aid worker Anja Ringgren Loven and an "after" photo which it says is her cuddling the same child, now a healthy toddler. AFP has established that the photos show two different boys, and that while the malnourished toddler was rescued, he was never adopted by Loven.
The misleading post has been shared widely on multiple social media platforms including this Facebook group that has over 270,000 followers and describes itself as a platform that makes Kenyan memes trend.
The after photo shows a healthy boy whose complexion and demeanor seems to have changed since he was rescued from the street in Nigeria.
A caption on the December 5, 2018 post reads: "Some months back in Nigeria one naked and dying 2-year abandoned child was seen being fed by a lady charity-worker from Denmark - Anja Ringgren Loven, that pic went viral in social media. She later adopted that child and named him Hope. today, Hope looks like this."
Screenshot of the Facebook post claiming to show how a malnourished Nigerian boy significantly transformed after he was adopted by a Danish aid worker
The same post was shared on this Twitter handle that has 345,000 followers, attracting an array of reactions and comments.
AFP contacted Tina Ringgren Loven, who is Anja Ringgren Loven's twin sister and head of fundraising at DINNødhjælp, an NGO in Nigeria.
Tina Ringgren Loven told AFP that Hope was never adopted by her sister.
The boy was however rehabilitated at her sister's children centre, which she runs with her Nigerian husband David Emmanuel Umem.
"(Anja Ringgren) Loven has not adopted Hope. She rescued him and he is now living at Land of Hope, which is a children's center in Nigeria that Anja and her husband David founded," Tina said.
The "after" picture that purported to reveal how Hope had transformed after the rescue was, in fact, that of Loven's son, David Jr, being held by his aunt, Maria.
"The picture on the right is a picture of Loven´s niece named Maria, and the boy Maria is holding is Loven´s son David Jr. The claims made in the attached post is false," Tina told AFP.
One year after Hope was taken into the orphanage, Loven recreated the day she rescued him with a photoshoot, reporting he was now healthy and going to school.
Loven recreated the day she rescued Hope in a photoshoot of him now going to school
Here is a video of what the boy looked like a year after his rescue, as shared by Anja's husband.
Mary Kulundu
Fact-checking journalist for AFP in Kenya.
No, these are not photos of Chinese-funded road built under Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte's flagship infrastructure program
A UN-sponsored migrant 'invasion' in Ontario? No, just routine plane maintenance


text:
class Ey::Core::Client::Component < Ey::Core::Model
  extend Ey::Core::Associations

  identity :id

  attribute :created_at, type: :time
  attribute :updated_at, type: :time
  attribute :uri
  attribute :name

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Sulky Stiffy stabilizer is a temporary, crisp, firm medium-weight stabilizer that is used when a heavier tear-away is preferred. It is a great stabilizer for items that need more support like heavier stitch count designs. Use as many layers as needed for support. It tears away easily without stressing the stitches. All Sulky stabilizers are acid and lead free!


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Developing high energy laser weapons for the past several years by the US Navy, and just this week they announced the successful test of their most powerful iteration of this technology to date. On Friday, the Navy's Pacific Fleet issued a statement announcing that a new laser weapon destroyed a drone during recent live tests.
The press release was accompanied by photos and videos showing the tests where the drone was destroyed.
Few details were given about the test or the specifics of the weapon, aside from the fact that it occurred in the pacific ocean on May 16th of this year.
Capt. Karrey Sanders, commanding officer of Portland, the ship where the weapon was fired from, said that the Navy will continue to test the limits and capabilities of this new technology.
pic.twitter.com/jQsmR6CpqN
— U.S. Pacific Fleet (@USPacificFleet) May 22, 2020
"By conducting advanced at sea tests against UAVs and small crafts, we will gain valuable information on the capabilities of the Solid State Laser Weapons System Demonstrator against potential threats. With this new advanced capability, we are redefining war at sea for the Navy. The Navy's development of DEWs (Direct Energy Weapons) like the LWSD provide immediate warfighter benefits and provide the commander increased decision space and response options," Sanders said.
Lt. Cale Hughes, a laser weapons system officer explained how the laser system worked in a previous interview with CNN.
"It is throwing massive amounts of photons at an incoming object. We don't worry about wind, we don't worry about range, we don't worry about anything else. We're able to engage the targets at the speed of light," Hughes said.
It is believed that the weapon used was a 150-kilowatt-class Laser Weapon System Demonstrator (LWSD), which is sold to the US military by the weapon contractor Northrop Grumman. The US Army is said to be working on a laser weapon that is twice as powerful, known as the Indirect Fires Protection Capability-High Energy Laser (IFPC-HEL), which is expected to range up 300 kilowatts and intercept rockets, artillery, and mortars.
As you might know, tech giants like Facebook, Twitter, and Google (Also Youtube), increasingly censor information that does not fit the mainstream narrative. Freedom of speech should be the basic human right, however, in the current era, you are not allowed to share your views anymore. Fortunately, alternative platforms appear that are censorship-free. Minds.com is one of these platforms. You can sing up for free, HERE, and make sure you follow Truth Theory on Minds.
credit: www.truththeory.com


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Freedman v. Maryland, 380 U.S. 51 (1965), was a United States Supreme Court case that ended government-operated rating boards with a decision that a rating board could only approve a film and had no power to ban a film. The ruling also concluded that a rating board must either approve a film within a reasonable time, or go to court to stop a film from being shown in theatres. Other court cases determined that television stations are federally licensed, so local rating boards have no jurisdiction over films shown on television. When the movie industry set up its own rating system—the Motion Picture Association of America—most state and local boards ceased operating.

Background
Ronald Freedman challenged the law of Maryland that films must be submitted to the Maryland State Board of Censors before being shown in theaters, claiming it unconstitutional; violating freedom of expression granted by the First Amendment.

Opinion of the Court
In a unanimous opinion by Justice Brennan, the Court held that a rating board could only approve a film and had no power to ban a film.

See also

 Film censorship in the United States
 Production Code
 Joseph Burstyn, Inc v. Wilson

References

Further reading

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
United States Free Speech Clause case law
United States obscenity case law
1965 in United States case law
Film censorship in the United States
Legal history of Maryland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Not only is it festive for St. Patrick's Day, but this shamrock smoothie tastes great any time of year. Enjoy it as a nutritious alternative to mint chocolate chip ice cream, breakfast on the go, or a refreshing post-workout snack. It is a great source of fiber, protein, calcium, vitamin C, potassium, and more.
Add all ingredients except chocolate chips to your blender and blend until smooth.
Pour into a glass, top with chocolate chips and sprinkle with extra flaxseed.
(You could also blend in 1/8 cup dark chocolate chips but it will turn your smoothie a little brown).
Next article	5 Superfood Snack Recipes We Love & Your Kids Will Too!


The 11th largest research collection in North America, The UW Library System includes special collections of rare books and manuscripts, print materials, and digital access to thousands of electronic journals and databases. In 2014, library members performed over 12 million searches.
And the library is so much more than a home for information. Each library supports student engagement by providing study spaces for individual and group work; specialized spaces such as the Wisconsin Collaboratory for Enhanced Learning (WisCEL) in College Library and Wendt Commons also provide access to state of the art technologies for research needs.
An excellent library is an academic and community advantage for a university. Your contribution will continue to make scholarly resources accessible and available to our campus network, supporting our commitment to excellence in teaching, research and learning.
An exciting plan is in the works to transform Room 224 into a space that addresses what is an enormous campus need. Most library spaces at the UW are reserved for quiet study. Despite that, students are increasingly in need of collaborative space where they can have discussions and presentations.
Who Killed the Card Catalog?


^The video was apparently taken soon after the building collapsed as some videos taken later showed that the area was cordoned off.A tenement building around 50 y.o. was reduced into rubbles in Tokwawan (not Hung Hom), Hong Kong yesterday, killing several residents and leaving some missing. The tragedy was really horrible as it happened on the main street of this old area. When I was testing the GXR, I was two blocks away from this scene. I walked under many of like buildings then.An AFP report quoted a witness as saying, "I saw bits and pieces of earth and tiles sliding down the wall at the beginning. A woman was trying to climb out through the window. About 15 seconds later, the building fell like dominoes."An English news report can be watched here and read here.


Your chance to win a VIP World Superbike weekend at Silverstone is in the 16-page WSB guide free with MCN this week.
You could get your hands on over £700 worth of hospitality, passes, souvenirs and top nosh with Big Rock Holidays Ultimate Paddock experience. You'll get the chance to meet top riders and teams, too. Alternatively, you could win the chance to take a ride as a passenger with multiple world sidecar champion Steve Webster, blasting around Silverstone. You'll also get to be part of his team for the weekend.
The deadline for both competitions is June 12, so you'll need to be quick to pick up a copy of MCN on Wednesday and send in your answers.
After that you can relax and enjoy the full guide to the World Superbikes this weekend. We speak to Neil Hodgson for an exclusive guided tour around his bike and his approach to racing. We also speak to his chief engineer and mechanic, before visiting the ultimate fantasy garage the Ducati Corse building. It took four years for WSB reporter Andy Downes to get inside the place, but you can see it in our free guide.
You also get to see how GSE prepare their WSB-winning engines. Plus our guide to the circuit, with a full schedule, great roads to ride on the way and the best corners to watch from.
We also speak to the Foggy Petronas team to find out why Foggy is praying for rain this weekend, and we take a look at the BSB wildcards hoping to cause a few upsets.
All this is in the free 16-page supplement included with Motor Cycle News, out on June 11.


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Bonkyl Church (also spelled Buncle or Bunkle) (Scottish Gaelic: Bun na Cille = 'the hill foot of the church') is a Church of Scotland kirk situated at   northeast of Duns in the old county of Berwickshire. The nearest hamlet is Preston just over  to the south-west.

History

There has been a religious establishment at Bonkyl since the early 12th century, and it was part of the vicarage of Dunkeld before 1275. The early proprietor of the church was Sir Alexander de Bonkyl, but the church passed into the care of his daughter Margaret in 1304. After the death of Margaret, the Bonkyl estate and church passed down to her son, Sir  Alexander Stewart of Bonkyl.

During the Second War of Scottish Independence the location was contested by Thomas Ughtred, a future Knight of the Garter. The care and maintenance of the church then passed to the Douglas Earls of Angus, descendants of the Stewarts, before finally passing to the Earl of Home in 1877. The church was a separate parish until 1621 when it was co-joined with the nearby parish of Preston. In 1958, the churches were joined by Reston, then Chirnside in 1973. The present church is a Category B listed building.

The ancient church at Bonkyl fell into ruin and was demolished in 1820 when the present church was built. All that is left of the old church is a Norman apse, a vaulted arch which was later used as a burial vault of the Homes of Billie. It is thought to be the oldest of its kind in Scotland, having been built in the early 12th century and is a designated scheduled monument.

Ministers in the early years of the reformed church

 1582 - 1598 William Sinclair
 1599 - 1607 George Redpath
 1607 - 1612 Matthew Carrail
 1612 - 1621 John Gaittis

Gallery

See also
Bonkyll Castle
List of places in East Lothian
List of places in Edinburgh
List of places in Midlothian
List of places in West Lothian
List of places in Scotland

References

 Statistical Accounts for Scotland
 Gazetteer for Scotland, Francis Groome

External links
RCAHMS: Bonkyl
RCAHMS: Bonkyl Walled Garden
James Hutton's Slighouses
Scottish Borders Council
 Church website
 More images at Geograph
 1862 Ordnance Survey map of Bunkle Castle and Kirk - National Library of Scotland

Churches in Berwickshire
Category B listed buildings in the Scottish Borders
Listed churches in Scotland
Churches in the Scottish Borders
Scheduled Ancient Monuments in the Scottish Borders


text:
Category Archives: World War II
Message to Home Buyers
Posted on November 1, 2012 by Walter Simons
Do check your chimney for possible WWII carrier pigeons with coded messages about D-day.
Photo ITV
Update (11/23/12): More on the code in today's New York Times.
Posted in World War II | Tagged WS | Leave a reply
The Man Who Fell to Earth: Hugh Trevor-Roper (1914-2003)
Posted on December 25, 2010 by Walter Simons
"You can't believe how frightful Oxford is," the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper wrote to a friend in January 1946, a week after his return to the university, having served for six years as a British intelligence officer. With him, thousands of demobilized men had come back eager to resume their studies. Chastened by what they had just experienced and of course far more mature than the average undergraduate, they had little time for, or access to, the leisurely dinners over fine claret or burgundy, the drunken romps at select clubs, the regular fox hunts and exercise of the hounds "in the sweet air early on Sunday mornings"– in sum,
TR in the 1940s
the life Trevor-Roper had led as a college student and young historian at Christ Church before the war. "Oxford is very full, and the life of dignified ease which one used to associate with my profession seems to have evaporated," he lamented. In due time, he published a shrewd, dramatic account of The Last Days of Hitler, based on his intelligence mission to Berlin in the fall of 1945. This work, the mother of all Downfall books and still in print, became an international bestseller, secured Trevor-Roper's position as a Nazi-expert in the English-speaking world, and opened the gates for a steady stream of newspaper and magazine commissions, also from the United States, "from which an infinite, endless, golden shower of American dollars flow[ed] ceaselessly into [his] pockets." Trevor-Roper bought a Bentley, "which he parked ostentatiously in Tom Quad," and embarked on a remarkable career as a don at Oxford (he was the Regius professor from 1957 to 1980) and Cambridge (as master of Peterhouse from 1980 to his retirement in 1987), an esteemed though iconoclastic scholar of seventeenth-century England and indeed of early modern Europe as a whole, a world-class traveler among the beau monde, a celebrated conservative talking-head, and, with his penchant for fierce polemics against multiple colleagues, a maker and breaker of many a reputation, including his own. His name will forever be attached to the notorious Hitler diaries "discovered" by the German Stern magazine in 1983 and offered for serialization to the London Times, which naturally solicited one of its directors, Trevor-Roper, to authenticate the materials. After a brief examination, he declared the diaries genuine, a declaration met with great fanfare in the world press but soon reversed when the diaries were proven to be crude forgeries, much to the dismay of Trevor-Roper and the glee of all those he had mercilessly skewered in word and deed for almost four decades. Insightful as ever, Trevor-Roper had in fact predicted his own Untergang. An entry in his wartime notebooks runs:
I am often astonished by the depth and extent of my learning. 'Hugh Trevor-Roper', I say to myself, when this bewildering revelation breaks upon me, 'you must be careful, or you will buried, obliterated, beneath the burden of this stupendous erudition'
And in his "Self-Appreciation" of 1941 he had observed that
Pride is my chief fault, and will be my undoing.
Meanwhile, however, he did lead a life far more interesting than most historians' (I can safely attest to that fact). It is now splendidly chronicled in Adam Sisman's Hugh Trevor-Roper: The Biography (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2010), which offers a very entertaining story thanks to the biographer's sympathetic and thoughtful handling, to be sure, but Trevor-Roper deserves a great deal of credit as well, since he was kind enough to leave us an enormous output of letters, notes, reflections and assorted bons mots that gleam and twinkle in every tale of even the most tedious scholarly feud. And boy, did he know how to feud! A master of the deadly invective, Trevor-Roper loved academic brawls. He sparred with Lawrence Stone and R.H. Tawney over the rise of the gentry and the origins of the English Civil War, with A.J.P. Taylor on the latter's Origins of the Second World War (1961), with E. H. Carr on historical "objectivity" (or history as teleology, in T-R's estimate), with Keith Thomas ("That silly young man") and Alan Macfarlane ("those pernickety little arrows of yours which come whizzing out of your piddling little county of Essex") over the great witch-craze, with Arnold Toynbee on just about everything the latter ever wrote, with Evelyn Waugh and lots of other Catholics on the Church of Rome, and with half of Anglican England over his own Archbishop Laud (1940). For seven years he battled very publicly with his common room at Peterhouse College, which had elected him in the hope that, as a known conservative, he would "keep out the women," only to find that he had little tolerance for insular reactionaries—especially when they were Catholic. Barely a few months into his term, he managed to review Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England, a new book by Maurice Cowling, the leader of the Peterhouse "mafia" (T.-R.'s term), without drawing blood, but privately he called it
A very rum work… The subject is the intellectual history of our time and the great spiritual crisis in which we have found ourselves. I find, on reading it, that this intellectual history has unfolded itself, and the crisis has been observed, and it is to be resolved, almost entirely within the walls of Peterhouse.
though he conceded that "the outer world is occasionally mentioned en passant."
This did not bode well for the Master's reign at Peterhouse. What ensued reads as a tale of dark intrigue worthy of an over-the-top campus novel, yet only true. Sisman reports in the Foreword that
The unreformed law of defamation has provided a further restraint. On legal advice I removed or modified a number of passages from my first draft. Informed readers may not be surprised to learn that a high proportion of these were taken from the chapters covering my subject's stint as Master of Peterhouse. (p. xvii)
Considering what is still left in the book, what was left out must be really strong stuff.
Naturally though, one would like to know where all that aggression was coming from. "Why are you so nasty to people?" asked A.L. Rowse—himself a notorious ogre. Sisman leaves little doubt about the reasons. Trevor-Roper recalled that he grew up in a family where no emotion was ever tolerated, no love displayed or even intimated. His father, a country physician close to the northern aristocracy but neatly closed out from it, had no interest in his children, declaring "he would converse with them once they reached the age of reason, which he put at sixteen." His mother never hugged him and refused to let him play with local children, afraid of mixing with the wrong class. The precocious but shy boy was dispatched to a series of horrible boarding schools and subjected to the ritualized abuse we have come to know so well over the years. Finally, there was Charterhouse, followed by Christ Church and acceptance into the elite, but at what price! By the time Trevor-Roper was in his thirties, the publisher Hamish Hamilton and his wife Yvonne noted after dinner with him that "Hugh Trevor-Roper was there, and we found ourselves wondering if one so young and gifted ought to spend quite so much time hating people," and after another meeting, Hamilton again wrote that Trevor-Roper was "entertaining as always, but the arrogance and vindictiveness make me uneasy." Maurice Bowra described Trevor-Roper as "a robot, without human experience, with no girls, no real friends, no capacity for intimacy and no desire to like or be liked."
It thus came as a complete surprise to everyone that, at the age of 39, he fell in love with
Xandra in 1948, five years before she met T.-R. (from Sisman, Hugh Trevor-Roper)
a woman, Alexandra, the daughter of Field Marshal Douglas, first Earl Haig, of World War One fame/infamy. The marriage sealed his entry into the ruling class but exacted another cost: high strung, sensitive to being nine years his senior and a stranger to the scholarly world, "Xandra" proved to be a demanding and not entirely stable partner in life. Their initial courtship, though passionate, did not run smoothly. In a letter that must rank as unique in the annals of love, Trevor-Roper invoked the following mysterious analogy:
I give my heart to you—rather a complicated object, you may say, like a sea-urchin, prickly outside and untempting within; but you asked for it and must connive at some of its limitations.
She in turn was not quite sure if or how to proceed, in part because she was well aware of his reputation:
I must now confess that, for some time, I had serious doubts whether you could ever love anyone; I even thought, at one moment, that you liked men! (Don't be furious with me—but you always went on trips abroad with young men & undergraduates & always seemed to be with men.) I know Dawyck [her brother] thinks you are quite neuter.
Momentarily forgetting that the whole point of the correspondence was to woo his beloved, Trevor-Roper struck back:
You think I am ironical when I am serious and serious when I am ironical—or at least pretend to do so; is it just calculated feminine perversity, or is my language really so "ambiguous"?
(As for the undergraduates, all male of course: he finds them good travel companions because "they are energetic, willing to rough it and do chores.").
All of this is rather touching. Despite the problems, the couple married in 1954 and stayed together more than forty years, until Xandra's dead at the age of 90. In these and a few other episodes, Sisman manages to humanize his subject quite convincingly, although I hesitate to subscribe to Trevor-Roper's vision of himself as a shy person wrapped in an armor of belligerence.
We follow Trevor-Roper from urban salon to aristocratic country house (Xandra looking blank upon hearing that someone spent time in Birmingham: "Birmingham? Whose place is that?"), almost causing a diplomatic incident over the Warren Commission while partying with Katherine Hepburn in Hollywood, gossiping with Bernard Berenson at I Tatti, traveling Pakistan at the invitation of president Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (whose daughter, Benazir, attended Oxford thanks to T.-R.'s good services), trying to put a word in edgewise with Margaret Thatcher but failing. "Do you think our dear P.M. has gone bananas?" Trevor-Roper asked a friend afterwards—but she did make him a life peer, as Baron Dacre of Glanton, in 1979.
This is a great story, expertly told and I enjoyed it tremendously. Do we learn much new about Trevor-Roper as a historian? Yes and no. Sisman characterizes the topics of the various feuds quite well—no small feat in itself, because Trevor-Roper's interests ranged very, very widely—but professional historians would probably have liked even more discussion and context, and here and there a small error has inevitably crept in (Marc Bloch was not a pupil of Henri Pirenne, for instance). It has often been said that Trevor-Roper "failed" as a historian because he never wrote that one, "big book". Sisman adds new evidence for this view, documenting more than just one large project that stalled despite an advanced stage, sometimes right before completion. The most famous example is his book on the Puritan Revolution, his original specialty and destined to be his magnum opus. He completed a version of it in 1961, but problems of organization and doubts about the underlying theme prevented him from publishing, and the momentum was lost afterwards, in yet another Hitler endeavor, more visits to mansions, and more journalism. Of that great work, only incomplete versions have survived, which may be why Sisman does not provide a sustained analysis of it.
When reviewing his output, and given what Sisman writes about his early influences, I wonder if Trevor-Roper did not suffer, perhaps subconsciously, from the fear that history was indeed just one damn thing after another. There really wasn't much of a point to it, after all. Having rejected all religious or metaphysical considerations as a young adult, skeptical of theoretical frameworks and by temperament entirely individualist, he appears to have embraced an estheticising but also absurdist philosophy of life, perhaps indebted to that of his one-time mentor, the critic Logan Pearsall Smith (Bernard Berenson's brother-in-law); although Sisman does not quite say so, I suspect these views affected his understanding of history as well. Upon Smith's death in 1946, Trevor-Roper thanked him in his personal notebook for having
Showed me that life is short, & three parts routine, and most of it comedy, and can only be saved from triviality and given significance by some ideal to which all else … must be sacrificed… and that style is an ideal worthy of that sacrifice. (…) For in his life and conversation … he illustrated this philosophy to me so vividly that if it has not become mine, at least mine can never be altogether emancipated from his influence.
The essay, witty, filled with brilliant insights and elegantly crafted, and with elegantly crafted barbs at major dogmas or historical constructs, was the right medium to develop that stylistic ideal. It generated in him just the kind of intellectual satisfaction history could provide. When embarking on a big book, a grand edifice with a firm structure and clear lines of argument based on source evidence, doubts eventually overwhelmed him, and when the need for patient exposition of evidence dulled his style, boredom took over. As he put it in a letter of 1968: "[B]y the time I have written a chapter I have got interested in something else." This restlessness manifested itself also in his fascination with lone eccentrics operating as it where outside the normal confines of society, to whom he devoted two books: The Hidden Life: The Enigma of Sir Edmund Backhouse (1976), about the mysterious British sinologist who had died in Beijing in 1944 leaving a pornographic memoir that presented just one aspect of a multifaceted, most likely disturbed personality, and Europe's Physician: The Various Lives of Sir Theodore de Mayerne, unfinished but published after Trevor-Roper's death, in 2006, about a physician, alchemist, and secret diplomat active at the royal courts of France and England in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.
One last word, or words, about the tragic/comic episode of the Hitler diaries.
Cover of Stern's special issue on the "discovery of the Hitler diaries," 25 April 1983
Sisman reveals that when he first heard of them, Trevor-Roper was skeptical. He had been confronted with forgeries from the Nazi period before (notably Eva Braun's "memoirs"), and nobody had ever mentioned Hitler keeping such a record. On the other hand, it was well known that two weeks before the end of the war, a plane carrying some of Hitler's personal papers had crashed. These documents had now been found, representatives of Stern told Trevor-Roper, who was impressed by the large size of the cache—about fifty notebooks, many other volumes of documents, an album with Hitler's drawings and other objects—too much, he thought, to be the work of a forger, and quite possibly part of the missing cargo. He was given only a few hours to inspect the diaries in a Zurich bank. Sisman maintains that Trevor-Roper found it "difficult to read the cramped handwriting, particularly as it was written in an obsolescent Gothic script, but he recognised it as Hitler's. (…) Those entries he could decipher seemed banal—which seemed to argue their authenticity." After receiving assurances that Stern's experts had tested the paper and authenticated Hitler's handwriting, he saw no reason for doubt, giving the green light for the Times' publication of the diaries.
This account is puzzling. The "obsolescent Gothic script" is of course the old German Kurrentschrift, familiar to all who have worked with handwriting in Germany before 1950. The notion that Trevor-Roper, after his years as an intelligence officer working on German Abwehr communications, his research on Hitler's last days in 1945, his decades-long experience authenticating and editing papers from the Nazi-era. could be surprised and challenged by the script, is difficult to believe. Besides, seventeenth-century archival documents—Trevor-Roper's original specialty—are far harder to decipher than the German Schrift. It seems strange, too, that he did not himself conduct a formal analysis of the handwriting: he "recognised it as Hitler's" but did not make a systematic comparison with authentic materials. It is second nature for a historian to scrutinize individual hands very carefully, and it is such an elementary first step that the absence of a formal exam is very unorthodox.
It seems to me there are two ways to explain the lapsus, and both may have worked together. Sisman notes that in the 1990s, Trevor-Roper's failing eyesight made it impossible for him to drive and eventually also to read. Could it be that the problem had started earlier but he didn't wish to admit it in 1983? The second explanation is less innocent. For the real villain in the story is the Times' owner, Rupert Murdoch, who had acquired the paper two years earlier and made some startling changes there. Trevor-Roper seems to have been reluctant to admit just how much pressure Murdoch exerted on him to deliver a positive verdict in unseemly haste—and thus violate historical procedure.
Murdoch's response when Trevor-Roper started to waver a few days later, on the eve of publication, is already legendary:
MacArthur [deputy editor of the Sunday Times] was speaking to [Murdoch] on the telephone. He explained their dilemma. Given that Lord Dacre [T-R] was now expressing doubts, should they halt the press and recast the paper?
Murdoch's instruction was brief and explicit: 'Fuck Dacre," he said. 'Publish."
Adam Sisman, Hugh Trevor-Roper: The Biography (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2010). ISBN 978-0-297-85214-8. Hardcover, xviii+598 pp., £ 25 (U.K.; not yet published in the U.S.).
Update: See also here for Trevor-Roper's malicious use of book indices.
Posted in Berenson, Bernard, Books, British politics, Historians, Hitler Diaries, Murdoch papers, Puritan Revolution, Smith, Logan Piersall, Trevor-Roper, World War II | Tagged WS | Leave a reply
Henriette Roland Holst (II)
(this is the second of two posts; for the first one, see here)
Life After Marx
After her formal break with communism in 1927, HRH found herself politically "homeless". That didn't stop her from being politically active, however. From now on, she worked for specific goals, again in an international perspective: anti-colonialism and the fight against fascism. The two were related, she argued:
Whereas imperialism is primarily the desire of an insatiable predator, i.e. the desire to acquire new colonies, fascism aims at arousing that desire among the general populace, so that a war for conquest becomes psychologically unavoidable.
She wrote those words in late 1927 with Mussolini in mind, but soon Nazism posed the greatest threat, which she identified as the power to mobilize vital urges and primal emotions in order to undermine rational belief systems. It abused the human longing for release and absorption into a greater whole by the "hocus-pocus" of race and blood:
Look at Hitler's SA-gangs, and you'll understand where the glorification of irrational drives and power in politics will lead to: to bestial degradation, pogroms, extreme sadism
she wrote prophetically in 1933.
Evidently, her rhetorical talents were still vibrant. In 1927, at an international conference
HRH in 1921, drawing by Richard Roland Holst
in Geneva where she met Nehru, Albert Schweitzer, and the young Mohammed Hatta, she shocked the staid representatives of the League of Nations and the international press by claiming that Dutch authorities dispensed medical aid in Indonesia only because "a dead coolie cannot work." During the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II, when she was in her seventies, she published anti-Nazi poetry in underground magazines while giving shelter to Jewish and resistance refugees.
But even though she lost none of her combativeness as she grew older, decades of frantic activity, of crisscrossing the country by train, always in third class, for speeches and demonstrations, writing at night against deadlines, took a lasting toll on her body. Photographs of her in the late 1920s and 1930s chronicle an alarming physical decline. There is some indication that after periods of intense work, mental exhaustion became a serious problem for her. Although Etty is careful not to indulge in armchair psychiatry, she does record long periods of time, sometimes up to a year, in which HRH retreated to her estate in Brabant or foreign health resorts to recover from depression. The desire to deny herself the benefits of her wealth became more and more outlandish. Friends shook their head over her shabby clothes and ascetic vegetarianism; by 1935, "Tall Jet's" weight was down to 110 pounds. In more ways than one, Gandhi had become a role model. Non-violent resistance against all forms of oppression and injustice directed her activism in those last decades. Her thinking evolved toward a religious socialism akin to the teachings of Leonhard Ragaz, whom she came to know well in the 1920s, and in 1939 she left all she owned, quite a fortune, to the Woodbrookers, a Dutch leftist-protestant organization inspired by Quaker principles.
To Think and To Act
HRH's itinerary from doctrinaire Marxist to religious socialist is not extraordinary, in se. We don't have to look very far to find fellow travelers who changed their mind—many of them much later than she did and ending up in much weirder places. Nor was it simply a matter of dour reality breaking through and ultimately shattering youthful idealism. Biographies like this one remind us that intellectual history is more than a succession of –isms, which are of course convenient abstractions rarely experienced in pure form on the individual level. HRH's story allows us to trace the internal struggles, the hidden questions and doubts that broke into the open between 1917 and 1927, gave a new orientation to her life in the 1930s, but were never entirely resolved.
If I have one, mild criticism of Etty's analysis, it is that she devotes relatively little space to the origins of HRH's socialism, probably because she assumed them well known to her Dutch audience. Readers familiar with the literary movement of the Tachtigers ("the 1880-ers") will have no trouble understanding their impact on the young poet, determined to leave a mark on the world through the passionate expression of the most individual experience in the most sensual language (yes, only superlatives will do here).
Revolutionaries on a Sunday, 1903. From left to right: Herman Gorter, his wife Wies Gorter, Rik, HRH, and her mother Anna van der Schalk
In the socially-conscious 1890s, people like Gorter and HRH naturally abandoned the original estheticism of the movement to serve social needs, especially since Marxism so nicely filled the void left by Protestantism. But there is a little more going on here. Etty mentions in passing that at a very young age HRH would regularly visit her uncle Mart, who owned a large distillery in Schiedam and ran the local orphanage. Young Jet spent time with the orphans and in her later memoirs recalled how shocked she was by the appearance Continue reading →
Posted in Books, De Man, Hendrik, Revolutions 1917-1919, Roland Holst, Henriette, Socialism/Marxism, Trotsky, World War I, World War II | Tagged WS | 1 Reply
'History, the Enemy of Civilization'
I made my way through Richard J. Evans's trilogy on the history of the Third Reich, which he completed in 2008. For reasons of serendipity I read them in the reverse order, starting with The Third Reich at War covering the period 1939–1945, followed by The Third Reich in Power (1933–1939, published in 2005) and The Coming of the Third Reich (c. 1870 to 1933, published in 2003). Aimed at the general reader, the three volumes cap Evans's lifetime of research in the era, and it shows, not so much perhaps in new revelations or extraordinary details but rather in the complete and deep command of the sources and literature displayed on virtually every one of the 2,500 pages, the lucid prose, and the ability to trace various themes over a long period without ever loosing touch with the here and now of ordinary citizens. And their victims. For, while this is not at all a blanket indictment of an entire nation and there is of course no shortage of villains at the top, Evans does make clear, it seems to me, that this is a story of people making choices, some of them tragically wrong, with catastrophic consequences for themselves and for millions of others. His central question is the same as the one asked by Friedrich Meinecke in 1946: "How was it that an advanced and highly cultured nation such as Germany could give in to the brutal force of National Socialism so quickly and so easily?" (The Coming of the Third Reich, p. xxii). The question receives a complex answer that may serve as a much-needed warning to all of us, because, even though the specific militaristic, nationalist, and anti-Semitic traditions at the root of the process seem supremely German, they were not uniquely German, and the chances that another "advanced and highly cultured nation" makes the same mistakes seem grimly good, in my reading.
I will leave it to others with more expertise in the period than I have to review the work more thoroughly (see for instance here, here, and here –with Evans's reply here). I have another question, much more limited in scope. Reading the trilogy in reverse yielded few original insights–I don't recommend it. Yet, perhaps it did alert me to a few motifs that Evans did not specifically address but that caught my attention at several key turning points. One was that of the use and misuse of history. We all know examples of it from this era, but we may not know this reaction to it—or at least, I interpret the following episode as a response to the misuse of history. Speaking of the short-lived Räterepublik (Council Republic) of the so-called "coffee-house anarchists" led by Ernst Toller, which "ruled" the city of Munich for less than a week in 1919, from April 7 to 13, when it was overthrown by a Bolshevik coup, also short-lived, Evans recalls one of their measures:
Toller announced a comprehensive reform of the arts, while his government declared that Munich University was open to all applicants except those who wanted to study history, which was abolished as hostile to civilization (Evans, The Coming of the Third Reich, p. 158).
Toller's front man for educational reform was none other than the Jewish writer and anarchist/socialist Gustav Landauer, whom I know just a little because he was, like so many romantic idealists of his age, a fervent fan of medieval culture, and a rather interesting reader of Meister Eckhart, the fourteenth-century German mystic.
Gustav Landauer, 1870-1919
Landauer's medievalism was special, however, in the sense that he rejected its feudal and authoritarian components to embrace, in socialist-anarchist fashion, the "organic", free-associative communities built up by guilds. Here was a fine example, Landauer argued, of the true spirit of the Volk materializing into blueprints for communal organization. Surely, at this moment in time, history had reached a high point, he thought. It all went downhill from 1500 onward, what with capitalism and science and all that modern rubbish. (As a medievalist, I heartily applaud this, though I don't Continue reading →
Posted in Anarchism, Books, Historians, Huizinga, Johan, Landauer, Gustav, Revolutions 1917-1919, World War I, World War II | Tagged WS | Leave a reply