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Political Affiliations of Federal Reserve Economists
By Emre Kuvvet
This article was also published in the Fall 2022 issue of The Independent Review.
Economists play a vital role in the Federal Reserve System (Fed) by producing research and conducting analyses and forecasts for the Federal Reserve System. As a result, they influence the formulation and execution of U.S. monetary and financial policies. Because of the nonpartisan nature of the Federal Reserve System, research and policy recommendations made by the Fed economists are expected not to be influenced by the political leanings of those economists. Recently, however, research and speeches of the Fed economists are increasing focusing on climate change, gender, race, and inequality.[1] Regional Federal Reserve Banks and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve have conducted numerous seminars and conferences and publishing research papers on politically-charged topics.[2] Web pages of several Federal Reserve banks' websites (San Francisco, Atlanta) indicate their commitments on solving economic inequality, climate change, racism, and gender discrimination. For instance, the home page of Federal Reserve Bank of New York states that:
The New York Fed stands in unity with all those who oppose racism, hate, and violence. We join them in a shared desire to root out the intolerable inequities and injustice grounded in systemic racism that persist in our society. We are firm in the belief that economic equality is a critical component for social justice and that we will never have the truly inclusive and strong economy we seek until access to health, education, safety, and justice knows no racial or other boundaries. We are dedicated to understanding and finding solutions to the numerous forms of inequity that communities of color experience and working with communities in our District to address deep-seated equities. We are steadfast in our commitment to work for a more equitable economy and society for all, and will redouble our efforts in pursuit of this essential mission.
The Fed has been encouraged to do more to solve the climate change, racism, inequity, and gender discrimination by politicians, including the current U.S. President and senior Senators. In fact, even the recent nominations of the Fed Chair has been linked to those concerns. Former and current Fed Chairs have reaffirmed their commitments to the political activism of the Fed in numerous occasions. For instance, former Fed Chair Janet L. Yellen gave a speech about her concerns about inequality at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston's conference. In that speech, she stated that "the extent of and continuing increase in inequity in the United States greatly concern me." Current Fed Chair Jerome Powell also in a speech said the coronavirus crisis is worsening racial inequality and promised to reverse the massive U.S. job losses that have fallen most heavily on blacks and minorities.
This paper is related to the literature looking at the political activism of the Federal Reserve System. White (2005) shows that the Federal Reserve System sponsors the monetary economics research of a large number of economists through its research program. He suggests that the Fed's sponsorship of these monetary economists can influence what is researched and the conclusions of that work in monetary economics. Fabo, Jancokova, Kempf, and Pastor (2021) confirms the hypothesis of White (2005) by showing that in the case of the macroeconomic effects of quantitative easing (QE), papers of central bank researchers report larger effects of QE on output and inflation than those of academic economists. Fabo et al. (2021) also demonstrate that central bank researchers that report larger QE effects have better career outcomes. In addition, Binder (2021) finds that populism puts pressure on central banks and causes the Federal Reserve to amend its long-term strategy. Binder and Parajon-Skinner (2021) also show that the topics of research papers published across the twelve regional reserve banks have become more politicized over the past 15 years. They find that a large percentage of the regional banks' research papers focuses on topics such as race, gender, climate change, and inequality. They also find that this trend is more pronounced for some reginal banks such as San Fransico, Dallas, and Boston.
The literature indicates the increasing politization of the Fed. Parajon-Skinner (2021) suggests that political activism can weaken the legitimacy of the Fed and eliminate the independence and authority of the Fed. However, the previous literature shows only indirect evidence of the politization of the Fed. In what follows, I extend the literature by showing direct evidence that the Fed as a politized body by studying the political affiliations of the Fed economists. My results indicate that political and value judgements of the Fed's economists' publications and analysis may be linked to their ideological backgrounds. This is concerning, as the political homogeneity of Fed economists can undermine the legitimacy of their policy recommendations and analysis in the eyes of the public. That is, the public may see the Fed as a political institution, undermining the non-partisan and independent nature of the Fed.
Previous studies look at the political ideologies of the broader economic profession. For instance, Langbert, Quain, and Klein (2016) report that Democrats outnumber Republicans 4.5:1 among economics faculty at 40 leading universities. In addition, Langbert (2020) finds a ratio of 4:1 among members of the American Economic Association (AEA), 4.1:1 among academic AEA members, and 2.5:1 among AEA members working outside academia and government. Earlier, Klein and Stern (2006) estimateds the ratio at 4.1:1 among public sector economists and 1.4:1 among private sector economists. McEachern (2006) shows Democrats outnumber Republicans 5.1:1 among AEA members in terms of political contributions. Likewise, I find that economists at the Fed are more likely to lean left than the broader economics profession.
I find that the ratio of Democrats to Republicans among Fed economists is 10.4 to 1. The lack of political diversity is especially pronounced at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (48.5:1). Economists at regional Reserve banks range from 3:1 (Cleveland) to 12:1 (San Francisco). The lack of diversity is also noteworthy in leadership positions (22.25:1). Economists who are 40 years old or younger at the Fed are more likely to lean left (20.33:1), as are female economists (27.5:1). This suggests the Fed is likely to become even less politically diverse in time.
Fed Economists
I identify economists at the Federal Reserve System using the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System's website and Federal Reserve Banks' websites for San Francisco, Dallas, Philadelphia, Boston, New York, Atlanta, and Cleveland. I retrieve the economists' CVs from those websites and the economists' personal websites. I exclude economists at the Federal Reserve Banks of St. Louis, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Richmond, and Chicago, as the states of Missouri, Minnesota, Virginia, and Illinois either do not keep records of the party affiliations of their registered voters or are not allowed to share those records with scholars, as outlined in state statutes.[3]
Table 1 presents the summary statistics of the sample. The sample consists of 785 economists at the Federal Reserve System, 416 of whom work at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; 369 work for regional Federal Reserve Banks.
Table 1. Summary Statistics of the Sample of Federal Reserve Economists
Total Number of Economists Economists in Leadership Positions Economists in Non-Leadership Positions
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 416 133 283
Regional Federal Reserve Banks 369 82 287
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
Federal Reserve Bank of Clevaland
As Table 1 shows, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System employs 416 economists. One hundred thirty-three of those economists are in leadership positions such as adviser, assistant director, associate director, chief, deputy associate director, deputy director, director, manager, senior adviser, senior associate director, senior special adviser to the chair, and special adviser to the board.
Regional Federal Reserve Banks employ economists in their research departments and various other divisions. For example, the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas employs 47 economists. I include research economists, business economists, and economists from the supervisory risk and surveillance department and exclude visiting and resident scholars from the sample. Seventeen of those economists are in leadership positions (e.g., assistant vice president, executive vice president and senior advisor to the president, group head, president and CEO, senior vice president, senior vice president and director of research, senior vice president, principal policy advisor, and senior vice president in charge). Figures for each of the regional Federal Reserve Banks are also included in Table 1.
I use RecordsFinder.com to locate birthdates and current addresses of economists at the Federal Reserve System. Birthdates and current addresses ensure correct party affiliations for individuals from the state and local voter registration records. Additionally, economists' CVs contain location information about previous employment and institutions of undergraduate and graduate studies and when they graduated. The information from their CVs makes it possible to confirm that the person I find in RecordsFinder.com is the same economist I am seeking.
Party Affiliation Data
I find the party affiliations of economists at the Federal Reserve System using various state, county, and city voter registration databases. The data are for 2021. Some state and local governments provide voter information free of charge. For other states and counties, I purchased the voter information. The statewide voter file for Massachusetts is not a public record available from the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Massachusetts's state law limits access to the statewide voter file to specific entities such as statewide candidates, state parties, and statewide ballot question committees. However, voter registration records are public records available from city election commissions and town clerks' offices in Massachusetts. I submitted public records requests to local election offices in Massachusetts and received voter registration records for entire cities. I purchased voter records for Pennsylvania from the Pennsylvania Department of State.[4] I also purchased the California Voter Registration Data from the California Secretary of State's Election Division, Maryland Voter Registration Data from the Maryland State Board of Elections, and the statewide voter records for Georgia from the Georgia Secretary of State.
Voter records for New York and New Jersey come from Stephen P. Morse's One-Step Search Tool generator, while records for Ohio and the District of Columbia come from VoterRecords.com. I obtain voter records for Texas from county election departments, county district attorney's offices, and county judges. The voter registration records are from public records requests under the Texas Public Information Act. Texas does not require voters to state a party affiliation when registering. However, whether or not the individual requested a Republican or Democrat ballot is a public record if he or she voted in the primaries. Based on that information, I use the most recent primary for which the economist requested a Republican or Democrat ballot. If the economist requested a Democrat ballot, I classified him or her as a Democrat. If the economist requested a Republican ballot, then I classified him or her as a Republican. If the economist did not vote in the primaries but was registered to vote in the elections, I classified him or her as No Party Affiliation. If the economist was not registered to vote in Texas, then I classified him or her as Not Registered. Like Texas, the voter registration data from Georgia do not show the party affiliation of registered voters. Therefore, for Georgia, I use the last primary that the voters voted to assign a party affiliation for economists living in Georgia.
There are five classifications for the party affiliations in this study: Democrat, Republican, No Party Affiliation, Not Registered, and Libertarian. Some economists classified as Not Registered are not U.S. citizens. Others who are U.S. citizens and are classified as Not Registered are economists who voluntarily chose not to register to vote in the elections. Some economists do not live in the states in which their Federal Reserve entities are located. For instance, many economists from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System reside in Maryland or Virginia, not in Washington, D.C.
Political Affiliations of Federal Reserve System Economists
Table 2 presents the political affiliations of the economists at the Federal Reserve System.
Among those whose voter registration information is available, there are 208 Democrat and only 20 Republican economists at the Federal Reserve System. One hundred forty-six economists have no party affiliation, and 410 are not registered to vote.[5] Only one economist at the Federal Reserve System is a registered Libertarian. Overall, the Democrat to Republican ratio for the economists at the Federal Reserve System is 10.4 to 1. In other words, for every Republican economist at the Federal Reserve System, there are ten Democrats. Economists at the Federal Reserve System are overwhelmingly left-leaning.
At the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, there are 97 Democrat economists and only two Republican economists. Thus, the Democrat to Republican ratio for the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is 48.5 to 1. Economists at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System are considerably left-leaning.
I also examine the political affiliations of the Federal Reserve Banks. The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco has 12 Democrat and one Republican economist. The Democrat to Republican ratio is 12 to 1. It is the most liberal Federal Reserve Bank among all Federal Reserve districts. The role of leadership could explain why there is a considerable variation in the partisan balance across the Federal Reserve Banks. Leaders of some Federal Reserve Banks such as the Federal Reserve Bank of San Fransico are more outspoken about the politically charged issues such as climate change, gender, race, and inequality. A partisan leadership can encourage economists to conduct seminars and conferences and publish research on those politically charged topics. In fact, numerous types of conferences on those topics have taken place at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Fransico. If an economist does not share the outspoken political ideologies of the leadership of a Federal Reserve Bank, he or she may refrain from working there. As a result, some Federal Reserve Banks could become more partisan over time.
The Dallas Bank has 16 Democrat and 2 Republican economists, and its Democrat to Republican ratio for its economists is 8 to 1. It is the second most liberal Federal Reserve Bank. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia has 39 Democrat and 5 Republican economists. The Democrat to Republican ratio is 7.80 to 1. It is the third most liberal Federal Reserve Bank.
The fourth most liberal regional Bank, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, has a Democrat to Republican ratio of 5 to 1. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York has a Democrat to Republican ratio of 4.6 to 1. The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland has 12 Democrat and 4 Republican economists. Its Democrat to Republican ratio is 3 to 1. Even though it still leans to the left, it is the most politically diverse district among all Federal Reserve Banks. Finally, the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta has a Democrat to Republican ratio of 4 to 0—a small sample, but an infinite ratio.
In total, there are 111 Democrat and 18 Republican economists at the regional Federal Reserve Banks. Thus, the Democrat to Republican ratio for Federal Reserve Banks is 6.17 to 1. Economists at regional Federal Reserve Banks are also heavily left-leaning.
Table 2. Political Affiliations of Federal Reserve System Economists
Democrat to Republican Ratio Democrat Republican No Party Affiliation Not Registered Libertarian
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 48.5:1 97 2 38 278 1
Regional Federal Reserve Banks 6.17:1 111 18 108 132 0
12:1 12 1 7 12 0
8:1 16 2 11 18 0
7.8:1 39 5 11 22 0
5:1 5 1 12 18 0
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
Overall Ratio 10.4:1
Total 208:20 208 20 146 410 1
Political Affiliations of Fed Economists in Leadership Positions
Economists in leadership positions play prominent roles at the Federal Reserve System and oversee the works of other economists. They provide the research direction and establish research priorities for the economists at the Federal Reserve System.
Table 3 shows the political affiliations of Fed economists in leadership and non-leadership positions. There are 89 Democrat and 4 Republican economists in leadership positions at the Federal Reserve System. Thus, the Democrat to Republican ratio for the economists in leadership positions at the Federal Reserve System is 22.25 to 1. There are also 119 Democrat and 16 Republican economists in non-leadership positions at the Federal Reserve System. The Democrat to Republican ratio for the economists in non-leadership position at the Federal Reserve System is 7.44 to 1. I find that economists in leadership positions at the Federal Reserve System are noticeably more left-leaning than economists in non-leadership positions.
There are 44 Democrat and only 3 Republican economists in leadership positions at all regional Federal Reserve Banks. Thus, the Democrat to Republican ratio for the economists in leadership positions at all regional banks is 14.67 to 1. There are 67 Democrat and 15 Republican economists in non-leadership positions at all regional Federal Reserve Banks. The Democrat to Republican ratio for the economists in non-leadership positions at all regional banks is 4.47 to 1. At the regional Federal Reserve Banks, economists in leadership positions are considerably more left-leaning than non-leadership positions.
Apart from Atlanta, where the ratios are the same, the Democrat to Republican ratio is much higher for the economists in leadership positions than non-leadership positions for every Federal Reserve Bank branches. Federal Reserve Banks of Dallas, Boston, and Atlanta do not have any Republican economists in leadership positions.
At the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, there is only one Republican economist in the leadership position, while there are 45 Democrat economists in leadership positions. Thus, the Democrat to Republican ratio for the economists in leadership positions at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is 45 to 1.
Table 3. Political Affiliations of Fed Economists: Leadership vs. Non-Leadership Positions
Location of Economist Democrat to Republican Ratio Democrat Republican No Party Affiliation Not Registered Libertarian
45:1 45 1 16 71 0
Non-Leadership
52:1 52 1 22 207 1
Regional Federal Reserve Banks
14.67:1 44 3 20 15 0
4.47:1 67 15 88 117 0
8:1 8 1 2 1 0
4:0 4 0 5 11 0
5:1 10 2 7 11 0
11:1 11 1 0 4 0
3.5:1 14 4 9 27 0
3:0 3 0 30 9 0
1.5:1 6 4 17 23 0
119:16 119 16 110 324 1
Political Affiliations of Fed Economists by Age
Table 4 presents the political affiliations of Fed economists by age. Column (1) shows the age range of the economists for the Federal Reserve System. The Democrat to Republican ratio for the economists who are 40 years old or younger is 20.33 to 1. Thus, younger economists are overwhelmingly left-leaning. The Democrat to Republican ratio for the economists over 40 years but younger than 51 is 15 to 1. Conversely, the Democrat to Republican ratio for the economists over 50 years but younger than 61 is 6.5 to 1. Although still very left-leaning, senior economists are not as uniformly left-leaning as their younger counterparts. These results suggest that younger economists who will replace senior ones at the Federal Reserve System are considerably more left-leaning.
Table 4. Political Affiliations of Federal Reserve System Economists by Age
Economist Age Democrat to Republican Ratio Democrat Republican No Party Affiliation Not Registered Libertarian
Age =< 40 20.33:1 61 3 54 222 1
40 < Age =< 50 15:1 60 4 45 129 0
50 < Age =< 60 6.5:1 52 8 30 41 0
60 < Age 7:1 35 5 17 18 0
Political Affiliations of Fed Economists by Sex
Table 5 shows the political affiliations of the Federal Reserve System by the sex of economists. The Democrat to Republican ratio for male economists at the Federal Reserve System is 8.5 to 1, while the Democrat to Republican ratio for female economists is 27.5 to 1. Thus, the results suggest that female economists are substantially more left-leaning than male economists at the Federal Reserve System.
Table 5. Political Affiliations of Federal Reserve System Economists by Gender
Economist Sex Democrat to Republican Ratio Democrat Republican No Party Affiliation Not Registered Libertarian
Male 8.50:1 153 18 111 306 1
Female 27.50:1 55 2 35 104 0
Research and speeches of the Fed economists are increasingly focusing on climate change, gender, race, and inequality. Regional Federal Reserve Banks and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve have been conducting numerous seminars and conferences and publishing research papers on politically charged topics. The previous literature provides indirect evidence of the politization of the Fed. In this paper, I extend the literature by showing the political affiliations of the Fed economists. My results indicate that political and value judgements of the Fed's economists' publications and analysis could be linked to their ideological backgrounds. This is concerning, as the political homogeneity of Fed economists can undermine the legitimacy of their policy recommendations and analysis in the eyes of the public. That is, the public may see the Fed as a political institution, undermining the non-partisan and independent nature of the Fed.
In addition, scholarly works often reflect the political biases of the scholars in specific fields and highlight the ideological uniformity of scholars in those fields.[6] Thus, economists at the Fed who do not share the majority political view may refrain from expressing dissenting views in their research and policy recommendations, resulting in a lack of competition in new ideas on monetary and financial policies at the Fed.[7]
Abramowitz, Stephen I., Beverly Gomes, and Christine V. Abramowitz, 1975, "Publish or politics: Referee bias in manuscript review," Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 5 (3), 187-200.
Binder, Carola, 2021, "Tecnopopulism and central banks," Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives Working Paper.
Binder, Carola and Christina Parajon-Skinner, 2021, "Labortaries of central banking," SSRN Working Paper.
Boykoff, Maxwell T. and Jules M. Boykoff, 2004, "Balance as bias: Global warming and the US prestige press," Global Environmental Change, 14 (2), 125-136.
Ceci, Stephen J., Douglas Peters, and Jonathan Plotkin, 1985, "Human subjects review, personal values, and the regulation of social science research," American Psychologist, 40 (9), 994-1002.
Chong, Alberto and Mark Gradstein, 2017, "Political and economic inequities and the shaping of institutions and redistribution," Southern Economic Journal, 83 (4), 952-971.
Duarte, Jose L., Jarret T. Crawford, Charlotta Stern, Jonathan Haidt, Lee Jussim, and Philip E. Tetlock, 2015, "Political diversity will improve social psychological science," Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38, 1-58.
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Honeycutt, Nathan and Jussim Lee, 2020, "A model of political bias in social science research," Psychological Inquiry, 31 (1), 73-85.
Klein, Daniel B. and Charlotta Stern, 2006, "Economists' policy views and voting," Public Choice, 126 (3/4), 331-342.
Langbert, Mitchell, 2020, "Republicans need not apply: An investigation of the American Economic Association using voter registration and political contributions," Econ Journal Watch, 17 (2), 392-404.
Langbert, Mitchell, Anthony J. Quain, and Daniel B. Klein, 2016, "Faculty voter registration in economics, history, journalism, law, and psychology," Econ Journal Watch, 13 (3), 422-451.
Langbert, Mitchell and Sean Stevens, 2020, "Partisan registration and contributions of faculty in flagship colleges," National Association of Scholars.
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McEachern, William A., 2006, "AEA ideology: Campaign contributions of American Association members, committee members, officers, editors, referees, authors, and acknowldegees," Econ Journal Watch, 3 (1), 148-179.
Murillo, M. Victoria, 2002, "Political bias in policy convergence: Privatization choices in Latin America," World Politics, 54 (4), 462-493.
Parajon-Skinner, Christina, 2021, "Central bank activism," Duke Law Journal, 71 (2), 247-328.
Posner, Eric A., 2008, "Does political bias in the judiciary matter? Implications of judicial bias studies for legal and constitutional reform," University of Chicago Law Review, 75 (2), 853-883.
Taber, Charles S. and Milton Lodge, 2006, "Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs," American Journal of Political Science, 50 (3), 755-769.
Tetlock, Philip E., 1994, "Political psychology or politicized psychology: Is the road to scientific hell paved with good moral intentions?" Political Psychology, 15 (3), 509-529.
Tetlock, Philip E. and Gregory Mitchell, 2015, "Why so few conservatives and should we care?" Society, 52, 28-34.
Weidmann, Nils B., Suso Benitez-Baleato, Philipp Hunziker, Eduard Glatz, and Xenofontas Dimitropoulos, 2016, "Digital discrimination: Political bias in internet services provision across ethnic groups," Science, 353 (6304), 1151-1155.
White, Lawrence H., 2005, "The Federal Reserve System's influence on research in monetary economics," Econ Journal Watch, 2 (2), 325-354.
Zigerell, L. J. 2017, "Reducing political bias in political science estimates," PS: Political Science and Politics, 50 (1), 179-183.
[1] See, for example, U.S. Senate Banking Committee Ranking Member Pat Toomey to the President and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (FRBSF).
[2] After this paper is published in the print version of The Independent Review in Fall 2022, links to numerous examples of these seminars, events, and research papers will be found at Independent.org.
[3] According to the Pew Research Center, Democrat to Republican ratios of adults for Texas, Pennsylvania, California, Georgia, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio are 1.03 to 1, 1.18 to 1, 1.63 to 1, 1 to 1, 2.07 to 1, 1.89 to 1, and 0.95 to 1, respectively. The average Democrat to Republican ratio of adults in the states for which Federal Reserve Bank data are available is 1.39 to 1. The Pew Research Center also finds Democrat to Republican ratios of adults for Illinois, Minnesota, Virginia, and Missouri are 1.45 to 1, 1.18 to 1, 0.91 to 1, and 1.02 to 1, respectively. The average Democrat to Republican ratio of adults in the states for which Federal Reserve Bank data are not available is 1.12 to 1. If party affiliations at the Fed mirror the differences in these states, the ratio of Democrats to Republican at the Federal Reserve Banks for which no data are available may be somewhat smaller than I find in this study. However, the omission of these banks is unlikely to reduce the overall imbalance of Democrats to Republicans at the Fed. Source
[4] After this paper is published in the print version of The Independent Review in Fall 2022, information on purchasing each of these states' data and accessing voter registration data will be found at Independent.org.
[5] High numbers of no party affiliations and not registered are unlikely reverse the main findings, as Langbert and Stevens (2020) use the partisan affiliation of federal contributions for academics in the Federal Elections Commission database and show that the political affiliations of professors not registered or with no party affiliations are not much different from those who are registered.
[6] See Abramowitz, Gomes, and Abramowitz (1975), Boykoff and Boykoff (2004), Ceci, Peters, and Plotkin (1985), Chong and Gradstein (2017), Duarte, Crawford, Stern, Haidt, Jussim, and Tetlock (2015), Honeycutt and Lee (2020), Lott and Hassett (2014), Murillo (2002), Posner (2008), Taber and Lodge (2006), Tetlock (1994), Tetlock and Mitchell (2015), Weidmann, Benitez-Baleato, Hunziker, Galtz, and Dimitropoulos (2016), and Zigerell (2017).
[7] Recently, University of Chicago economics professor Harald Uhlig who was also a consultant to the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago was fired from his position at the Chicago Fed due to his criticisms of Black Lives Matter and other political views. A Chicago Fed spokeswoman said the move to cut ties with Harald Uhlig reflected its determination that Uhlig's views weren't "compatible with the Chicago Fed's values and our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion.": Source
Emre Kuvvet is a Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and Associate Professor of Finance at Nova Southeastern University. His article, "Political Affiliations of Federal Reserve Economists" will appear in The Independent Review (Fall 2022).
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The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011

#### Published in
Edwards's Bot. Reg. 28: misc. 65. 1842

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Sergey L. Dzemeshkevich, MD, Professor, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Scientific Editors
Arkady L. Bedzhanyan, MD, Head of the Department of Coloproctology with Pelvic Floor Surgery, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
E-mail: arkady.bedzhanyan@gmail.com
Elena V. Zaklyazminskaya, MD, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Executive Editorial Secretary
Irina A. Tarasova - Senior Researcher, Department of Surgery of the Esophagus and Stomach, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Renat S. Akchurin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Deputy General Director for Surgery, Head of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Bagrat G. Alekyan, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Deputy Director for Science and Innovative Technologies, National Medical Research Center for Surgery named after A.V. Vishnevsky (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Sergey F. Bagnenko, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Rector, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University (St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Alexander V. Gavrilenko, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Vascular Surgery, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery; Professor at the Department of Hospital Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Victor K. Gostischev, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Head of the Chair of General Surgery of the General Care Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Yves Glock, Professor, Hospital Practitioner in the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Rangueil Hospital (Toulouse, France)
Mikhail I. Davydov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Chief Oncologist of the MEDSI Group of Companies (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Mikhail M. Kaabak, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Organ Transplantation for Children, National Medical Research Center for Children's Health (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Evgeniya A. Kogan - Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy named after Acad. A.I. Strukov, Clinical Center of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Alexander N. Konovalov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Honorary President, Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
E-mail: akonovalov@nsi.ruinfo@nsi.ru
Konstantin V. Kotenko, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, MD, Director, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Sergey I. Kutsev – MD, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics» (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Researcher ID: L-3633-2018
Roy Y. Calne, Professor, Transplant Surgeon, University of Cambridge (Cambridge, United Kingdom), Professor, Member of the Royal Society, Honorary Professor of Surgery at the University of Cambridge (Cambridge, Great Britain), Honorary Professor of the University of Singapore (Singapore), Honorary Professor of the Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Leprince Pascal N., PhD, Professor, Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Head of the Cardiac Surgery Department, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital (Paris, France)
Thomas F. Lüscher, MD, Professor, Cardiologist, Director of Research, Education and Development, Consultant in Cardiology at the Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London (London, UK), Head of the Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich (Zurich, Switzerland)
Liudmila M. Mikhaleva - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Director and Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Morphology of the Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery" (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Feruz G. Nazirov, MD, Professor, Director, Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after academician V. Vakhidov (Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan)
Anatoly V. Pokrovsky, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, President of the Russian Federation Society of Angiologists and Vascular Surgeons; Head of the Department of Vascular Surgery, National Medical Research Center for Surgery named after A.V. Vishnevsky; Head of the Department of Clinical Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Yuri V. Pya, MD, Chairman of the Board of "National Research Cardiac Surgery Centre" JSC, Republic of Kazakhstan (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Pirk Jan, MD, DSc, FETCS, Professor of Surgery, Surgeon-Cardiothoracic, Head of Department of Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Prague, Czech Republic)
Amiran Sh. Revishvily, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Chief Freelance Surgeon of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, President of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Arrhythmology (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Oleg O. Rummo, MD, Professor, Honored Doctor of the Republic of Belarus, Director of the State Institution "Minsk Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery, Transplantology and Hematology" (Minsk, Republic of Belarus)
Sankar Madhu, MBBS, MS, PhD, DNB, Chief Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Fortis Malar Hospital (Chennai, India)
Larry Warren Stephenson, MD, Professor, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wayne State University (Detroit, USA)
Valentin E. Sinitsyn, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Vadim A. Stepanov – MD, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director of the Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Ivan S. Stilidi, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Director, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO) (Moscow, Russian Federation)
https://www.ronc.ru/doctors/stilidi_ivan_sokratovich/
Dmitry G. Tarasov, MD, Chief Physician, Astrakhan Center of Cardiovascular Surgery (Astrakhan, Russian Federation)
Pavel D. Tishchenko, PhD, Chief Researcher, Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Alexander M. Chernyavsky, MD, Professor, Head of the Centre of Ischemic Heart Disease, Academician E.N. Meshalkin Scientific Research Institute of Pathology of Blood Circulation (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
Chuen Neng Lee, Deputy Director of National University Heart Centre; Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Senior Consultant; Professor of Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Singapore)
Alexey L. Shestakov, MD, Head of Department of Stomach and Esophageal Surgery, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Evgeny V. Shlyakhto, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Director of "Almazov National Medical Research Centre", President of the Russian Federation Cardiologic Society (St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Dmitry V. Shumakov, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Cardiac Surgery No. 2, National Medical Research Center for Transplantology and Artificial Organs named after Academician V.I. Shumakov (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Nikolay K. Yankovsky, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Research Advisor, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Editorial Council
Igor I. Chernov, MD, Cardiovascular Surgeon, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgical Care, Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Astrakhan, Russian Federation)
Vladimir M. Shipulin, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Viktor A. Ivanov, MD, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Heart Valve Disease Surgery Department, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Evgeny G. Grigoriev, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Vice-President of the Russian Society of Surgeons, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery, Irkutsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Irkutsk, Russian Federation)
Andrey B. Ryabov, MD, Thoracic Oncology Surgeon, Deputy Director General for Surgery, Head of the Thoracoabdominal Oncosurgery Department, P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Yuri A. Shelygin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Senior Freelance Specialist Coloproctologist of the Moscow Department of Health, Director of the "A.N. Ryzhikh State Research Center of Coloproctology" (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Badma N. Bashankaev, Deputy General Director for Surgery, GMS Clinics and Hospitals; Assistant of the Department of Surgery of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Maksim A. Babaev, MD, Chief Researcher of the II Reanimation and Intensive Care Unit, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Konstantin K. Gubarev, MD, Head of the Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Center, Head of the Surgical Department for the Coordination of Donation of Organs and (or) Human Tissues, A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Sergey A. Abugov, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of X-ray Surgical Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of the Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery; Head of the Department of X-ray Endovascular Diagnostics and Treatment, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Pavel V. Kononets, MD, Deputy Director for Scientific and Clinical Work, Director of the Clinical Oncology Research Institute named after N.N. Trapeznikov of the "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Mikhail A. Kossovich, MD, Professor, Head of the Surgical Department of Clinical Hospital No. 123 of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA of Russia, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery at the MEDSI Clinical Diagnostic Center on Krasnaya Presnya (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Oleg E. Lutsevich, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Surgery No. 1 of the A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Vladimir N. Obolensky, MD, Head of the Surgical Department No. 3, City Clinical Hospital No. 13 of the Moscow City Health Department (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Evgeny I. Trofimov, MD, Professor, Member of the Dissertation Council for the Defence of Dissertations of Doctoral Degrees, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Sergey A. Vasiliev, MD, Head of the Neurosurgical Department, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Alexander A. Eremenko, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Head of the II Department of Reanimation and Intensive Therapy, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Leonid S. Lokshin, MD, Professor, Chief Researcher of the II Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Nina A. Trekova, MD, Professor, Chief Researcher of the II Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Stanislav Yu.Kim, MD, Associate Professor of the Department of Therapy, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Chief Freelance Specialist in Radiation and Instrumental Diagnostics of the Kaliningrad Region, Adviser of the Ministry of Health of the Kaliningrad Region, Chief Physician of the Regional Narcological Hospital of the Kaliningrad Region (Kaliningrad, Russian Federation)
Vsevolod P. Sedov, MD, Professor of the Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Elena A. Mershina - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of X-ray Diagnostics, CT and MRI, Radiologist, Medical Research and Education Center of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Fundamental research and interdisciplinary technologies
Roman V.Deev - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Igor R. Efimov, PhD, Fellow of the Heart Rhythm Society, Fellow of the American Heart Association, Professor and Chairman Department of Biomedical Engineering George Washington University (Washington, USA)
Dmitry N.Fedorov - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Pathological Anatomical Department No. 1, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Guzel E. Ulumbekova, MD, Rector of the Graduate School of Healthcare Organization and Management (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Patricio Madalena Folque, Professor, Сoopted Member of AMEE (Association for Medical Education in Europe) (Lisbon, Portugal)
Charles Neil Pozner, MD, Director of Pre-Hospital Care, Medical Director, STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine (Boston, USA)
Elena G. Grebenshchikova, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Center of Scientific Information Studies in Science, Education and Technologies of the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Olga V. Popova, MD, Plastic Surgeon, Department of Thermal Injuries, Republic of Bashkortostan Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the City of Sterlitamak (Sterlitamak, Russian Federation)
Pavel M. Bogopolsky, MD, Chief Specialist of the Department of External Scientific Relations, Research Institute Ambulance named after N.V. Sklifosovsky (Moscow, Russian Federation)
https://www.linkedin.com/in/павел-майорович-богопольский-59b92150
E-mail: bogopolsky_med@m-ail.ru

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Cultivate your gifts and talents that you have been invested in you.
In my sunday school book at the closing of the lesson there is a prayer.
The prayer states to cultivate the gifts and talents that have been invested in us.
At the end of my sunday school lesson is a closing prayer, as with all of our sunday school lessons in the book. It states to cultivate the gifts and talents that have been invested in us.
KJV, Precious Promise Bible, Copyright 1915 By The John C. Winston, Co., All Rights Reserved, Printed in USA.


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I'm not suggesting that there's an entirely rational way to analyze music. Yes, you can break it down into its parts, but music has that ineffable aesthetic quality shared by everything else we call "art." Perhaps that's the question: what do you consider the most ''artistic'' music in your life? What is your List?
Honorable mentions go to The Talking Head's ''Stop Making Sense''; the Dave Matthews Band's ''Crash''; Peter Gabriel's ''So'' or ''Secret World Live''; Eric Clapton's ''Unplugged''; 10,000 Maniac's ''Unplugged''; Medeski, Martin, and Wood's ''Friday Afternoon in the Universe''; Ricky Lee Jones' ''Pop Pop''; Ben Folds' ''Rockin' the Suburbs''; Tracy Chapman's self-titled album; Cake's ''Fashion Nugget''; Pink Floyd's ''The Wall''; Roger Waters' ''The Pros and Cons of Hitchhiking''; Toad the Wet Sprocket's ''Fear''; REM's ''Automatic for the People''; and Barenaked Ladies' ''Gordon''. I'll likely include more about these on [[:Category:Music|subsequent posts]].
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Honorable mentions go to The Talking Head's Stop Making Sense; the Dave Matthews Band's Crash; Peter Gabriel's So or Secret World Live; Eric Clapton's Unplugged; 10,000 Maniac's Unplugged; Medeski, Martin, and Wood's Friday Afternoon in the Universe; Ricky Lee Jones' Pop Pop; Ben Folds' Rockin' the Suburbs; Tracy Chapman's self-titled album; Cake's Fashion Nugget; Pink Floyd's The Wall; Roger Waters' The Pros and Cons of Hitchhiking; Toad the Wet Sprocket's Fear; REM's Automatic for the People; and Barenaked Ladies' Gordon. I'll likely include more about these on subsequent posts.


I'm selling a rainbow flame (only 1 left) and epic pots so if you're interested pm me or leave a message ingame. My ign is dapolarbear. Prices can be moved up and down but personally I am looking for about 22m for the flame and 15m-20m for the pots.


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Victoria Wax started out as a hobby, wanting to experiment with the natural raw materials of waxes and cleansers used in the 1920's and 30's. That was a time of some of the greatest automobile embellishments of coach building ever seen in the twentieth century, rightfully received as a status symbol similar to that of exotic cars enjoy today. Rolling art, not practicable by today's standards, but never the less gorgeous to the eye.
In our research at the Public Library and by special order, we obtained many of the out of print formulary workbooks on industrial and commercial waxes of every recorded type. We recreated those formulas that incorporated all the hardy natural waxes and other specialty ingredients used in that time period. A time when there was no silicones or polymers to confuse the issues. While collecting the raw materials to produce each of the formulas, we had to make immediate substitutions of some of the original carrier solvents and a few other nasty surfactants which could not be trusted for consistency in the formulas or its human and environment compliant issues. We looked to the cosmetic and textile industry for answers and substitutions. We found with the substitutions we could use less of a gentler solvent carrier, which allowed us to increase the wax content and provided a sharper and deeper illusion of clarity to all types of paintwork and especially the newer high-tech clear coats. The raw materials came from Germany, Brazil and United States. From there we worked on the materials to increase the melting point, enhance ultraviolet protection and dwindled the static build-up, all done without sacrificing any of the great characteristics of the final appearance.
With the higher wax content used and the final look preserved, an easier application and buffing technique was needed. That dilemma was solved by applying the wax with the bare hands, using the warmth of the hands to spread and massage in a very thin coating of wax. Applying to small sections and massaging in the wax started the bonding process quicker with an instant layer of protection, the bare hands acted as the first catalysis of bonding to the surface. And eventually to a full curing by exposure to the air. A special note, the wax spread easier, smoother and farther than we had ever expected, compared to all others, meaning so very little of the wax is needed. No fillers or abrasives are used in the formulas allowing for just one small container to give many years of waxing pleasure and true immediate gratification to any car enthusiast.
Victoria Wax Chaos Neutral Wax 6 oz
Victoria Wax Hybrid Wax 3 oz
Victoria Wax Mayhem Neutral Wax 6 oz
Victoria Wax Super Soap 8 oz
Home / Collections / Victoria Wax


Anytime Inspections performs residential home inspections. We are located in St. Petersberg, FL and serve the Tampa/St. Petersburg areas including Hillsborough and Pinellas counties. Where the Realtors go, we go!
We are dedicated to assisting you to ensure you have a stress-free home buying, or selling, experience. Anytime Inspections goal is that you leave your home inspection knowing your questions and concerns have been answered. If, after receiving your report, you have additional questions or concerns, we are available to answer those questions for you. Day or night, Anytime Inspections is just a phone call or email away.
The decision to purchase a home can be a stressful and often confusing endeavor. Anytime Inspections strives to lessen that stress and eliminate confusion by providing a thorough, detailed inspection of the property from top to bottom, inside and out – our goal is to make sure you complete the transaction with full knowledge of the condition of the property – the good and the bad without any surprises.
Too often contracts are rescinded due to an issue discovered during the home inspection. Having Anytime Inspections pre-inspect your home before you list it can save you time and money. We will identify issues your home may have, so that you can have the repairs made before putting your home on the market. This provides peace of mind knowing that you do not have to worry about what the buyers' home inspector is going to find that may cause your buyers to walk away from the deal.
John is a dynamic guy with a real willingness to educate and well as inspect. He did a timely and through inspection for me at a reasonable price. Thanx John.


Radar specialise in the manufacture of slalom water skis forall levels; whether you are a professional tournament water skier or new towater skiing Radar will have a water ski to suit your water skiing ability. The boat speed and rider's ability will determine the water ski for you. At the top we stock the Vapour which you can ride up to 36mph, the Senate up to 34mph, and for the ladies the Lyric up to 34mph.
Radar also have plenty of water ski accessories; and we stock a selection of Radar water ski gloves, for you to buy, to protect your hands from blister and give you grip on the course!
Radar Black T-Shirt This simple Radar water skis branded tee is perfect for chilling. Whether you are around the water or sinking a few with your mates you are sure to look and feel great in this black heather top!


During the Napoleonic Wars, Madame Clicquot made strides in establishing her wine in royal courts throughout Europe, notably that of Imperial Russia, thus becoming the first Champagne house to ship Champagne through the blockade to Russia in 1811. During this time, she also gave Champagne to the Prussian guards enforcing the blockade and the soldiers opened the champagne with their swords, so started the technique of sabring Champagne. By the time she died in 1866 Veuve Clicquot had become both a substantial Champagne house and a respected brand. Easily recognised by its distinctive bright yellow labels, the wine holds a royal warrant from Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
Wine Spectator 95 An elegant Champagne, powered by a sculpted frame of acidity and minerality, this wears the refined, lacy mousse and well-meshed flavors of black currant, lemon curd, toast and marzipan like finely tailored clothing. Fresh and lasting, with hints of spice and smoke on the finish.
Wine Spectator 94 "Bright and graceful, this seamlessly knits a subtle streak of smoke-tinged minerality with flavors of almond financier, poached pear, candied kumquat and crème de cassis, focused by vibrant acidity and a refined, creamy mousse. Disgorged January 2014. Drink now through 2030. "
Wine Spectator 92"There's plenty of finesse in this sleek Champagne, along with an airy texture and loads of grip. Graphite, lemon, toast and mineral aromas and flavors prevail, and this takes on a chalky edge on the lingering aftertaste. Best from 2010 through 2028"
Wine Spectator 93"Striking in flavor and profile. A graceful, well-toned rosé, full of berry, autumn leaves and spice notes enmeshed in a rich texture, all supported by lively acidity. Stylish and beginning to mellow, with a long aftertaste of berry confit. Drink now through 2006. " ~B.S.
Wine Spectator 95"If 1988 in Champagne is all about refinement, this is the evidence. Elegant, understated even, but well put together, with a silky texture and firm structure underlying the coffee, toast, hazelnut and fresh citrus notes. Wonderful harmony and expression. Drink now through 2012."
Robert Parker 95"I highly recommend the Veuve Clicquot 1990 La Grande Dame. It is exquisitely rich and accessible, yet bursting with potential."
Wine Spectator 95"Subtle aspects of biscuit and walnut accent the whole-grain bread, lemon, honey and coffee flavors in this regal Champagne. Wonderful finesse and harmony underscore the innate power and vinosity. A match for Dover sole or roast chicken. Drink now through 2015. BS"
Wine Spectator 93"Somewhat mature aromas and flavors of decaying cherry and berry, warm spice and woodsy accents and a firm structure mark this silky, vinous rosé. Like an aged Burgundy with bubbles. Will pair well with food. Drink now through 2010. –BS"


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Southwest Women's Law Center
Economic Security & Workplace Rights
Pregnant Worker Accommodation Act
Paid Family & Medical Leave Act
Legal Advice & Brief Legal Services
Join Board of Directors
Abortion Care is Always Essential
December 10, 2020 by SWLC
As 2020 finally comes to an end (thank goodness!) and we prepare to celebrate the December holidays in safe and thoughtful ways, we at the Southwest Women's Law Center turn our attention to the upcoming legislative session, which begins at the end of January. While it is still unclear how the 2021 legislative session will proceed vis a vis Covid-19, one thing is certain, this will be a consequential legislative session.
The SWLC is involved in several pieces of legislation: the Paid Family Medical Leave Act which supports New Mexico workers who experience a serious medical condition, have or adopt a child, or need to care for someone experiencing a serious medical condition and a bill that temporarily expands Unemployment Insurance due to a public health emergency, such as COVID-19. The SWLC also supports a Paid Sick Leave bill to support workers so they do not have to go to work while they are ill and of course, legislation to repeal New Mexico's dormant Abortion Ban.
The Abortion Ban passed in 1969 and was found for the most part to be unconstitutional in 1973 as a result of Roe v. Wade. The Abortion Ban is described as "dormant" because only two provisions of the law remain in effect, a religious refusal provision and a provision requiring licensed physicians to perform abortion procedures. The problem is that the Abortion Ban is still on the books in its entirety, including those provisions that were found unconstitutional in 1973. A complete and total repeal of the Abortion Ban is more important now than ever before.
The most devasting thing the outgoing Trump administration was able to achieve during the last four years was to stack the federal courts with ultra-right-wing attorneys in judicial positions in federal district, appellate and the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court now sits with a 6-3 conservative majority. The effects of stacking the federal bench will be felt for decades.
Roe v. Wade, decided by the Supreme Court in 1973, established the right to abortion care and is the only thing that stands between New Mexico in 2020, where decisions about when and if to parent are made freely, without interference by the state and New Mexico in 1969, where a panel of strangers will decide if you receive abortion care under a very limited set of circumstances and where medical providers could be criminally prosecuted for providing abortion care. Given the new conservative majority in the Supreme Court, it is a near certainty that they will take the first opportunity to overturn Roe. At the very moment Roe v. Wade is overturned, New Mexico will be thrown back to 1969 and the landscape relating to the provision of abortion care in New Mexico will be turned on its head. That is why it is so important to repeal the Abortion Ban in its entirety this upcoming legislative session. Time is literally running out.
We must remain vigilant. In addition to the overall threat to abortion rights in New Mexico due to the near-certain overturning of Roe v Wade, there are those opportunists who would attempt to capitalize on the COVID-19 pandemic and claim that abortion care is not "essential" and thus abortion care providers should be shut down during the pendency of the pandemic. This is of course nonsense. What could be more essential when it comes to the consequences of being denied abortion care? Yet there are also those who are so desperate and hateful that they argue healthcare workers in New Mexico who bravely and tirelessly stand up to COVID -19 every day should not be called heroes because they work in a facility where abortion care is provided. That type of reasoning can only be called twisted. Where does it end?
The SWLC urges New Mexicans to throw their support behind legislation to repeal the Abortion Ban in its entirety during this upcoming legislative session. You can find your legislator at Find My Legislator. It has to be done this legislative session. If Roe is overturned before the repeal of New Mexico's Abortion Ban, at the risk of sounding dramatic, life as we know it will change. Please contact your legislators and make sure that you are heard during this very dangerous time in New Mexico. We are counting on you.
To donate to our efforts to repeal New Mexico's dormant abortion ban, please visit our donation page.
Filed Under: Abortion, Advocacy, Planned Parenthood, Reproductive Health, Reproductive Rights, Roe v. Wade
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With your support, we can make powerful shifts in protecting women and girls in the state of New Mexico.
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With your support, we are able to do more. We are incredibly grateful!
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Copyright 2005-2020 | Southwest Women's Law Center | Non-Profit 501c3 Organization


Thank you for participating in the Chairman's Challenge!
Home / News / Thank you for participating in the Chairman's Challenge!
The Chairman's Challenge, NCCF's fundraising campaign to benefit local affiliate grantmaking, officially closed Sunday, June 30.
Our in-box was full of online giving donations from throughout the state Monday morning! The mail included many checks postmarked over the last few days of June. Add these end-of-campaign gifts to the steady flow of contributions received throughout the month, and you'll soon see why we are so gratified by your response.
It will be a couple of weeks before we finalize totals and figure out each participating affiliate's percentage of the campaign match, made possible through a special gift from an anonymous donor with a passion for local philanthropy.
"We witnessed a great response from donors across North Carolina who participated in this opportunity to stretch their charitable dollars and multiply their impact in the communities they love," said Beth Boney Jenkins, NCCF vice president of development.
Local dollars to stay local.
Make it easy for donors to have an impact on needs.
Let leaders who best know your community – our affiliate boards – decide how these grants will be allocated to meet local needs.
Capture the collective power of local donors.
Provide a perfect way to leave a legacy in your community.
If you have questions, please contact the NCCF regional associate for your area or email Beth Boney Jenkins, NCCF vice president for development.


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Taxis, limos, and disabled activists to file lawsuit seeking injunction of PPA's agreement to effectively legalize Uber
(File | Tom MacDonald/WHYY)
A coalition of taxi drivers, limousine drivers, and advocates for the disabled announced, calling itself Fair Ride Philly, plans to file a lawsuit tomorrow in Philadelphia's Court of Common Pleas seeking an injunction against the Philadelphia Parking Authority's (PPA) agreement with Uber to allow the ride-sharing company to operate temporarily without enforcement actions against it.
The lawsuit names the Taxi Workers Alliance of Pennsylvania, the Limousine Drivers Association and Liberty Resources as plaintiffs, and argues that the PPA exceeded its legal authority by signing an agreement with Uber to allow the company to operate its UberX and UberPOOL services through September without fear of impoundment and fines by PPA officers.
In a filing earlier this year, brought by the PPA, UberX was declared an illegal "hack" taxi service; Uber appealed immediately, but while that lawsuit continued, fines against the company accrued to nearly $ 1 million. As part of the non-enforcement agreement, Uber will pay just $350,000. The taxis, limos and disability advocates are also alleging that this settlement amounts to a bribe.
For a taxi industry battered by the popularity of ride-hailing companies, which have operated in Philadelphia without abiding by the expensive regulations applied to cabs, the lawsuit may be a death rattle.
"The reality is we don't expect to be granted the injunction," said Angela Vogel, a spokesperson for the Fair Ride Philly coalition. "We think it's a long shot but it's a shot we think has to be taken."
A preliminary injunction would temporarily suspend the effect of the PPA's agreement with Uber, requiring the authority to resume enforcement actions against the company while the lawsuit continued. Meanwhile, a bill in Harrisburg to legalize Transportation Network Companies like Uber and Lyft has stalled amid budget battles.
By entering into an agreement with Uber, Fair Ride Philly alleges, the PPA effectively created a law, exceeding its powers as a regulatory authority. The coalition also argues that the PPA lacks the ability to declare a public emergency and then suspend enforcement of the laws pursuant to that emergency. In the announcement last week, PPA officials cited the SEPTA Regional Rail car shortage and the upcoming Democratic National Convention as reasons why it felt forced to enter into an arrangement with Uber. The Pennsylvania law on taxicabs and limousines in Philadelphia does not explicitly provide for emergency powers.
The lawsuit will additionally argue that the PPA is improperly ignoring the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by authorizing Uber operations. Disabled activists have complained that ride-hailing companies like Uber and Lyft discriminate against passengers with wheelchairs. Ride-hailing apps rely on drivers using their personal cars, which rarely are equipped to handle passengers in wheelchairs.
In ongoing court battles across the U.S., Uber has claimed that it is a technology company, not a transportation provider subject to the ADA. The ADA requires transportation services to accommodate wheelchair users if the chair can fit, meaning even UberX drivers in their own cars should make room if they have enough space. Advocates like Liberty Resources say that many UberX drivers have simply refused to pick up passengers in wheelchairs.
In the their announcement, the coalition contends that "they are not seeking an end to ride-sharing." Rather, they say that it is unfair that taxis and limos must comply with all sorts of regulations when Uber, which essentially provides the same service, is rewarded for ignoring the law.
A separate lawsuit brought by UberBlack drivers against Uber continues to work its way through federal court in Philadelphia, with the judge in that case requesting supplemental legal briefs from the parties last week. There, UberBlack drivers contend that they operate as employees, not independent contractors as Uber has classified them, and thus are entitled to healthcare, reimbursed costs and other benefits. Uber is currently seeking to have that case dismissed, arguing that arbitration clauses in the app's terms and conditions should preclude the lawsuit from being heard. A decision on that motion to dismiss is expected sometime soon.
Drivers from these gentrifying Philly neighborhoods get the most parking tickets
PPA data indicates that not all drivers are created equal: Residents from five gentrifying ZIP codes near Center City receive tickets at a higher rate than anyone else.
Illegal parkers beware: Philadelphia wants you out of the crosswalk and off the sidewalk
Advocates acknowledge that residents need their parking spots. But they argue when too many accommodations are made to the city's "car culture," pedestrians lose out.
PPA delays 2¢ taxi rate increase, approves new mobile app provider


Lost: Season 2 continues with the mystery and though we do wonder about the hatch and that moving smoke, it deals more closely with the enigmatic "others". More character development here, but sometimes with less heart (I didn't care for the direction writers and actor took with a lost and brooding John Loch but I can understand why they took us there(anyone else feel that way?)).
An interesting element is you can expect some of the characters to expand on what they think the island and the events that transpire on the island are all about.
To mix things up, there is a new addition of characters to the Lost line up. This of course means, that while fostering new and interesting group dynamics, it means less face time with some of the original survivors. Look out for Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje who plays newcomer "Mr. Eko" with a frightening intensity.
There are some predictable story twists in this one. The plot is ok, but I feel that it's those few great character development pieces that truly shine and are what makes this season engaging. There is definitely some excellent acting and just enough intrigue by the season's finally that if you weren't too stuck in the quagmire of questions then you'll likely easily be sucked into the next season.


Designed in conjunction with the Girl Guides Association.
"Part of the fun of being in the Brownie organization is trying to collect badges by achieving efficiency in a number of categories. The object of this game is just the same. Players have to collect interest badges by successfully answering questions on the subjects chosen."
Animal Lover; Artist; Book Lover; Brownie Friendship; Cook; Collector; Conservation; Craft; Discoverer; First Aid; House Orderly; Music Lover; Pony Rider; Rambler; Safety in the Home.
If the question is answered correctly, the badge tile is placed on the player's arm card (representing the badge being sewn onto the player's shirt sleeve). If it is answered incorrectly, the tile is turned face down again. When a player has collected five badges on her arm card, she must try to find the Trefoil badge from the face down selection in order to win the game.
Players can steal badges from Brownies who trespass on another player's campsite. Bonus badges can be won by landing on toadstool spaces and answering a general knowledge question. The game can end prematurely if too many Brown Owl spaces are landed on.


The founder and director Joash Gambarage (currently a PhD candidate at the University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada).
The Mugeta school is a community-based elementary school project located in the village of Mugeta, in rural Tanzania. The project promotes equity in elementary education by mobilizing educational, linguistic and recreational resources for the benefit of all children in Mugeta, regardless of their gender, religion, or the economic background.
Why was Mugeta School Project founded?
"I grew up in Mugeta village, a community where many parents still cannot afford to buy a pencil, a crayon or a writing pad. As in my childhood days, children are still using charcoal as a writing tool instead of pencils and tomato plant leaves or petals for coloring instead of crayons. As a little boy in Mugeta, my education journey was a grind, but once I was lucky to get out of a vicious cycle, I wished to see a better definition of education to presented with these children. We are glad that many people are supporting this project and are becoming friends of Mugeta. Let's call this project "sharity"–because everyone is welcome to volunteer or share their skills and resources. It is working! Please read about our success stories and lend us a hand.
Today more than 200 children from around Mugeta are benefiting from this project. In 2017, the school ranked #1 in the district, the best school out of 99 public and commercial schools. But more resources are still needed to put the school and the community on a more solid path.
Cabins for Volunteers and Volunteers.


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Annamacharya
Institute of Technology & Sciences
Autonomous / Rajampet
Estd. 1998
EAMCET / ICET
PGECET / ECET CODE
AITS & AITS-II
About Aits
BEHIND THE WHEELS
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Computer Science & Engineering (Data Science)
Computer Science & Engineering (Artificial Intelligence)
Humanties & Sciences
M.B.A (Business Analytics)
Academic, Infrastructure & Instructional Details
Jobs@AITS
Information Technology is one of the best emerging branches in the engineering education. Information Technology is a fast growing discipline and is full of rigorous practical analysis. Information Technology refers to the management and use of the information using computer-based tools. It can refer to both hardware and software. Mostly, it is the term used to refer to business applications of computer technology rather than scientific applications. Information Technology (IT) can be used potentially in every sector of the economy. Information Technology has been a dynamic sector in many developed economies and India has stood out as a developing country where IT sector has grown indefinitely. Information Technology jobs in India are the first choice career for the bright brains who are innovative. Hence, IT jobs in India are also booming with increasing demand for information technology professionals. The IT industry has great scope for people as it provides employment to technical and non-technical graduates and has the capability to generate huge foreign exchange inflow for India. India exports software's and services to approximately 95 countries in the world. Since all the engineering sectors need the basics of IT and so the IT students have a best future to settle down in any of the engineering sector.
When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is information technology, or "infotech". There is a swift convergence in the areas of computing and communications as a result of relations developing in the data and information environment .IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases, data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design as well as the management and administration of entire systems. The goal of the Department is thus to cater to all the above needs and prepare students both in theoretical and practical knowledge to face the challenges of the fast becoming technology world.
Department of information Technology was established in the year 1999 with 40 students as intake and now strengthens to 60. The department has been accredited by NBA and Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur.
The alacrity of the students to learn makes it easier for the information Technology to produce top-scratch engineers who are being recruited by various companies all over the world. The department's dynamic methods to build the zeal among students have enhanced them to build proficient and responsible engineers, which makes them capable of getting recruited by various MNC'S all over the world.
The faculty members are highly motivated and devoted in delivering the highest quality professional education to students, and strive to excel in their research areas.
To continually enhance its educational environment by offering flagship programs with innovative pedagogy to turn graduates into IT professionals.
To promote sustainable and inclusive research, responding swiftly to the challenges in the field of Information Technology.
To train the students to effectively apply their learning to solve imminent challenges in globally competitive computer field thus enlarging their potential life long high-quality careers.
To instill professional behavior, strong ethical values, original research capabilities and leadership skills in the young minds so as give them a competitive advantage in the ever-changing and challenging work environment.
Attract and retain a diverse and multicultural population of students and faculty.
To empower the youth in surrounding rural area with basics of computer education making them self-sufficient individuals.
Programme Educational Objectives
PEO1 Explain and apply information technology to excel in professional career as an individual or as part of a team or as an entrepreneur and also to equip them with orientation towards research and development.
PEO2 Analyze real life problems design and develop solutions through the knowledge of mathematics, computing and management principles that are socially acceptable.
PEO3 Exhibit professional ethics and communication skills; engage in lifelong learning and to adapt emerging technologies and tools.
Engineering Graduates will be able to
PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one's own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
Program Specific Outcomes
Programme Specific Outcomes
PSO1 Analyze, design and develop efficient algorithms and software applications to deploy in secure environment to support contemporary services.
PSO2 Develop software solutions using open source environment to deliver quality products for business success.
The Department has one computer laboratory equipped with 66 nodes.All the computers are networked and protected form all known viruses and firewall to have complete data security. To ensure continues usability of computers to the students, all the computers have a power backup with uninterrupted power supply (UPS) up to 5 hours. Essential licensed software is provided to all systmes to support the academic and university curriculum.
S. No.
Name of the faculty
1 Mr. D. Siva Sankar Reddy M.C.A., M.E (Ph.D) Associate Professor & In-charge
2 Mr. B. Panduranga Raju M.Sc.(CS),M.Tech. Assistant Professor
3 Mr.M.Rajesh M.Tech (Ph.D) Assistant Professor
4 Mr. V. Parameshwar Reddy M.Tech. Assistant Professor
5 Mr. S. Ashok Kumar M.Tech. Assistant Professor
6 Mr.P.Nagendra M.Tech. Assistant Professor
SNO.
1. N.Hari Data Entry Operator
2. P.Anil Kumar Sub-staff
3. G.Harsha Vardhan Raju Sub-staff
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The 10 most Essential Technologies that will spell the future success of Engineering
What is the Difference Between Autonomous & Non-Autonomous Colleges? Find Out.
NASA Invites Applications from Start-ups. Find Out More Here!
Annamacharya Insitute of Technology & Sciences
Thallapaka Panchayat, New Boyanapalli
Rajampet, Kadapa Dist. Andhra Pradesh
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Jack Naneek
Brute Facts Institutional Facts Jack Naneek Mormon Awakenings Pure Heart
Mormon Awakenings: Episode 33: Brute Facts
Jack Naneek discusses brute facts as compared to institutional facts. He introduces the work of John Searle, the construction of social reality, and the numbers of famous basketball players. Ruth's journey from Moab to Bethlehem illustrates these principles and concepts at their most basic.
Mormon Awakenings: Final Episode
Mormon Awakenings: Episode 41: Honesty Ain't Optional
Mormon Awakenings: Episode 40: Do You Notice Your Ego?
Mormon Awakenings: UPDATE
Mormon Awakenings: Episode 039: Zach Derr, Andre the Giant, and WWE Insights.
2 thoughts on "Mormon Awakenings: Episode 33: Brute Facts"
Part of the reason I like leaving comments is to make sure I've listed to the episode or not… least I forget.
I thought that in the beginning we were going to talk about fact, hard facts, and sometimes the presume facts that we hear about in the scriptures.
How do we reconcile the latest theories from Scholars to those found within the Dominant Narrative at the time. We are going through a shift, but the dominant narrative is resisting change. How much should we push for change or just let things take their natural course?
Should we be activists or not? Activist risk having people annoyed by their pushing for change, and there might not be a lot of fun being passive about things least things slide in the wrong direction.
As for Ruth, good for her for scoring big time. Nowadays it almost as if girls make the first move more often than not. Guys are becoming wimps… and well with the whole dateconomics with women to men imbalance ratio. Well men can now be more picky within the church, but that's another topic. Rambled far too long.
Jack Naneek says:
Considering those facts and reconciling with latest theories from Scholars is a worthwhile ambition in as much as one can get to the bottom of it. I think there is a resistance to any change in the dominate narrative. But, this has always been. Look back ten, twenty, thirty, a hundred years and you find the same tension between a dominate point of view and change. For me, the question is with all the time that has passed, why are things just the same, generation after generation? I suppose that's why I like the stories of people like Ruth, who are raw and unadorn, because it makes them timeless, and more about what real and eternal and less about the window dressing of life we get so easily lost in.
Three cheers for RFM! He's brilliant!
Pelagoramy
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Mycotherapy is defined as the study of the use of extracts and compounds obtained from mushrooms as medicines or health-promoting agents. The present review updates the recent findings on anticancer/antitumor agents derived from mushroom extracts and their metabolites. The increasing number of studies in the past few years revealed mushroom extracts as potent antitumor agents. Also, numerous studies were conducted on bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms reporting the heteropolysaccharides, β-glucans, α-glucans, proteins, complexes of polysaccharides with proteins, fatty acids, nucleoside antagonists, terpenoids, sesquiterpenes, lanostanoids, sterols and phenolic acids as promising antitumor agents. Also, molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines are discussed in this review. Findings with Antrodia camphorata and Ganoderma lucidium extracts and isolated compounds are presented, as being the most deeply studied previously.
Antitumor properties, compounds, extracts, molecular mechanisms, mushrooms.
Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.