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Home » New Light on Space and Time
02 Where We Stand Conceptually
03 Where We Stand: Mathematically
04 Laying the Foundation
05 Some General Observations
06 Progression v. Gravitation
07 Compound Motion
08 Motion in Time
09 States of Matter
10 Astronomical Applications
11 The Two Aspects of Motion
12 Rotational Vibration
13 Into a Second Dimension
14 The Other Half
15 Cosmic Visitors
16 Quantitative Relations
17 A Philosophical Postlude
Submitted by DB Larson on Mon, 08/11/2008 - 23:57
A Philosophical Postlude
It is both interesting and significant that the traditional home of college courses on "Space and Time" is the Philosophy Department, not the Scientific School. In order to appreciate to the full extent what a strange situation this actually is, we might compare the task of science in systematizing our knowledge of the universe to some physical construction project—the construction of a building, let us say. Before a building can be started, there are many things to be done; there has to be a decision to build, a site has to be selected, financing must be arranged, and so on, all of which are necessary, yet not, strictly speaking, part of the actual building construction. These items are analogous to the normal tasks of the philosophers in connection with science. It is their job to take care of the preliminaries, which precede the actual construction of the framework of physical theory by the scientists.
But space and time do not belong in this category at all. In terms of the building analogy, they correspond to the bricks of which the building is to be constructed. They are essential elements in the physical structure of the universe, the study of which constitutes the primary task of science, and they cannot legitimately be relegated to any other discipline, no matter how closely related. In leaving the foundations of their theoretical structure to the philosophers, scientists are putting themselves in the same position in which engineers would be placed if they left the construction of the foundations of their structures to the financiers.
The truth is, of course, that space and time have not been left to the philosophers because of any feeling on the part of scientists that they belong in the Philosophy Department. Science has simply been at a loss to know what to do with them, because the available knowledge as to their nature and properties has been too meager and too uncertain to permit treating them by normal scientific methods. The philosophers have therefore acquired these subjects by default, not because they are non-scientific or meta-scientific, but because they are hard to pin down specifically. Space and time are scientific de jure (According to law), but in present-day practice they are philosophical de facto. One of the accomplishments of the Reciprocal System has been to bring space and time back into science where they belong. As pointed out in connection with the cosmic ray discussion, a very important advantage of a complete theoretical system of this kind is that it can be verified in its entirety by tests carried out in the areas accessible to accurate observation, and after this is done, its application can be extended to relatively unknown regions with the assurance that its conclusions are equally valid in these regions. Thus we can determine exactly what roles space and time play in the theoretical RS universe and since we have established the identity of this universe and the observed physical universe, we then know that these are also the roles of space and time in the physical universe. What are space and time' is an age-old question that has produced an amazing variety of answers, few of which are even vaguely scientific.
What are time and space? They are the names for ways of conducting certain measurements. (Whitehead)130
Time has been interpreted in an almost infinite variety of ways and no one single statement can do more than picture it from one point of view. (Merriam)131
The universe changes, and time is a process that brings new out of old. (Schlegel)132
A physicist nowadays thinks of space as a collection of relations of a special kind between objects. (Thomson)133
The idea of time in its most primitive form is probably the recognition of an order of sequence in our states of consciousness. (Maxwell)134
In recent science time is treated as an additional dimension of space. (Hering)135
Space-Time is the stuff of which matter and all things are specifications. (Alexander)136
"Time is the independent variable in the laws of mechanics." This is the very best definition that can be given of time. (Margenau)137
The long-standing conflict between the supporters of the absolute and relational theories of space and time is an outgrowth of this uncertainty as to the true nature of these entities. Whether space and time are logically prior to events or are determined by events has been a bone of contention for more than two thousand years, but now that the Reciprocal System gives us a definite and unequivocal answer to the basic question, neither of these theories can be accepted in its entirety. Space and time in the RS universe are the two reciprocal aspects of motion. But "events" as the term is customarily used in this context, are motions of one kind or another. Space and time, then, are neither relational, in the sense of being determined by events, nor absolute, as defined by Newton. There is a general framework of the universe, an extension space, generated by translational motion, which is essentially equivalent to Newton's absolute space, but other types of motion also have spatial aspects, and extension space is therefore only one phase of space in general. The absolute and relational concepts over which the long argument has raged are simply inadequate to comprehend the full range of time and space.
The question as to whether space and time are finite or infinite is another, which previously existing theories have been unable to answer conclusively. The existence of zero space and zero time is generally conceded and no controversy has ever developed over these concepts comparable to that which has raged over the question as to the existence of infinite space or time, but the development of the Reciprocal System now shows that the two are simply different aspects of the same thing. Infinite space is equivalent to zero time and vice versa. To most scientists, the ability of an object to remain stationary in space, relatively if not absolutely, seems altogether logical, yet the new theoretical system says that this involves infinite time; that is, no motion at all is equivalent to taking infinite time to move one unit in space. In the new system all other manifestations of infinite space and time have essentially this same character.
It should be noted, however, that whether the universe is finite or infinite in extent is an altogether different question. Undisplaced space-time is the physical equivalent of nothing at all, and when we speak of the universe we normally refer not to space-time as such, but to the aggregate of those space-time displacements which manifest themselves primarily as matter or c-matter. As we have seen, the existence of matter is limited in time; that is, the giant galaxies into which the oldest matter in the material sector collects ultimately explode and initiate a process, which converts the old matter into new cosmic matter. The existence of cosmic matter is similarly limited in space. We must therefore conclude that the universe, as herein defined, is finite in extent, even though the space and time in which it exists and of which it is composed are, in a sense, infinite.
As brought out in Chapter XIV, the new findings also indicate that the universe is in a steady state rather than undergoing any one-way process of evolution. A special word of caution is appropriate at this point. Decision between the evolutionary and continuous cosmological theories does not have any implications at all with reference to the question as to whether or not an act of creation has taken place. There has been a tendency on the part of the theologians and scientists with strong religious beliefs to favor an evolutionary hypothesis on the ground that this implies a beginning of the universe, which can be correlated with creation, whereas a hypothesis that pictures the universe as without beginning and without end seems to conflict with the creation doctrine. The truth is, however, that neither hypothesis has any bearing on the creation issue one way or the other. If the present epoch of the universe originated with an explosion as postulated by Lemaitre, this is still not a beginning; the problem of the origin of the material, which exploded, still remains. The evolutionary hypothesis does not, in any way, resolve the creation problem.
Neither does the steady state hypothesis complicate it. There is no visible reason why the creation of a universe that remains in a steady state after it is created should be any less plausible than the creation of an evolutionary universe. In some respects the findings of this work actually simplify the creation issue. The hotly debated question as to what was happening before the creation, for instance, no longer has any significance, since it is evident that, if the creation occurred, it was space-time itself that was created, as St. Augustine contended centuries ago, and hence the concept of "before" did not acquire any meaning until the creation took place.
What the Reciprocal System has done with respect to the issues that have been discussed thus far in this chapter (excluding the question of creation, which is outside the realm of science) is to remove them from philosophy, put them back into science where they belong de jure, and fit them into their proper places in the definite and specific theoretical framework that has been constructed for the universe as a whole. But the clarification that has been accomplished in this area where philosophy and science have to some degree overlapped is not all that the new development has accomplished of interest to philosophers. Another thing that it has done is to throw some additional light on the application of philosophy to science.
One of the noteworthy facts about modern science is that some of its most spectacular and widely hailed results have been achieved by the use of methods or concepts, which have been opposed, or at least disapproved, by the philosophers. (For present purposes we are excluding from this category those individuals whose aim is to derive a philosophy from science rather than to apply philosophical principles to science.) The following statements bring out the nature of some of these differences of opinion:
The divergences between physicists and philosophers have become very clear recently. We have only to glance at the discussions about space, time and causality connected with relativity and the quantum theory to see this. (Frank)138
When we start postulating strange things about the world, justifying our choice not by explaining the matter properly but resorting to a mystique, we should beware. We know that our knowledge and experience are limited, but that is not reason enough for our being imposed on to accept formulas for interpreting successful technical inventions when the interpretation strains language and seems not to make sense to us. (Watson)139
I believe that the conceptual structure of quantum mechanics today is as unhealthy as the conceptual structure of the calculus was at the time Berkeley's famous criticism was issued. (Putnam)140
There is no reason whatever why a future atomic theory should not return to a more classical outlook without contradicting actual experiment, or without leaving out facts already known and accounted for by wave mechanics. (Feyerabend)141
The conceptions introduced by Einstein must accordingly be admired to the extent that they constitute a powerful physicomathematical synthesis; but they must be rejected if given properly philosophical meaning. (Marilain)142
The physicist has made his choice in rejecting as basically incorrect the classical description of motion. The philosopher has not always been willing to follow him. (Margenau)143
Primitive notions such as those of time and space… always trouble the philosopher, who dislikes seeing elaborate structures reared on shaky foundations. (Lindsay)144
Quantum physics, I submit, presents a strong case against traditional logic. (Waismann)145 There is no convincing instance of the alleged need to change the laws of logic in order to achieve better conformity of theory and fact. (Feigl)146
The old conflict between absolute and relational space, while still alive in philosophic discussions, is settled and dead in science. (Margenau)147 What men of one generation are pleased to regard as satisfactorily settled may be questioned by a succeeding one so the philosopher is not disposed to accept the confidence of the scientist with his enthusiasm. (Watson)148
The astounding thing about these conflicts between the conclusions of the philosophers and those of the scientists is that in every one of the instances cited, the findings of this present investigation are that the philosophers are right, or partially so, and the scientists are wrong. This does not imply that the philosophers are always right when there is a conflict of this kind. The foregoing list is by no means a complete catalog of such conflicts, nor is it necessarily true that the opinions of the authors quoted are representative of the majority opinion in the particular field; this is merely a sample collected somewhat randomly from the literature of the two professions. But there is enough evidence here to indicate that the broad general principles of philosophy, in spite of their largely intuitive and unverifiable nature, provide more reliable guidelines than many of the conclusions of present-day science.
However distasteful this conclusion may be to the scientific profession, it is not entirely unprecedented. Heisenberg, who can hardly be described as prejudiced against the scientific viewpoint, has are rived at much the same conclusions with respect to the relative reliability of the language forms of scientific usage as compared to those in common use. In this connection he comments: "The concepts of natural language, vaguely defined as they are, seem to be more stable in the expansion of knowledge than the precise terms of scientific language, derived as an idealization from only limited groups of phenomena."149 The underlying principle is the same in both cases: a vague, but essentially correct, formulation is more reliable than a precise, but erroneous, formulation.
It does not follow that philosophy is inherently more trustworthy than science. On the contrary, science has an important advantage in that a reasonable degree of certainty attaches to many of its findings, and the zone of certainty is continually growing—indeed, the primary objective of the present work is to contribute toward this result. Where science can speak with certainty, it speaks authoritatively. The conflicts such as those cited do not arise in this zone; they occur in those areas where science is positive without being certain, areas, which are particularly extensive in so-called "modern" science.
As Heisenberg points out in the statement just quoted, scientific conclusions rest on a very narrow base; they are derived from "only limited groups of phenomena." It logically follows, therefore, that an extraordinary degree of care ought to be taken in the critical examination of these conclusions in order to make certain that they are at least consistent with the limited number of facts which are available for comparison before accepting them on anything more than a tentative basis. Even this special attention to the verification process would not entirely compensate for the inadequacy of the basic data, but it would at least make a contribution toward that result. However, the modern scientist rejects this view of the situation and takes the stand that his methods and procedures are so powerful that the conclusions, which he reaches, are incontestable and should be exempt from the necessity of confirmation. The following quotation from Margenau expresses this present-day viewpoint:
Though it may seem strange to the logician, scientists are none too meticulous in their demands for sufficiency in the number of validating instances…. Reliance upon the logical coherence of his conceptions exempts the scientist from the need of exhaustive "verification. There is an important sense in which a theory is more than the class of sentences it can generate, and the awareness of this transcendency inclines scientists to unhesitating acceptance of a theory after it has been subjected to a number of tests which are wholly inadequate statistically.150
Just why the "conceptions" of the physical scientist should be inherently more "logically coherent" than those of anyone else is rather difficult to understand. The ancient jest about the individual who does not have to prove that he is right because he freely admits it seems to have here made its appearance in all seriousness. The point that Margenau and his colleagues are overlooking is that sound or "coherent" reasoning does not guarantee sound conclusions; on the contrary, the better the reasoning process the more certain it is to arrive at the wrong conclusions if, as in this instance, it starts from the wrong premises. The revolutionary" conclusions of modern physics are wholly dependent on the premise that all possible alternatives to these conclusions have been located, examined, and rejected. As this present work demonstrates, this premise is altogether false. There are other alternatives in every case, and the completely unexpected nature of most of them is a graphic demonstration of the fact that the scope of the human mind is still severely limited. No system of human thought, scientific or otherwise, has yet reached the stage where it is completely self-sufficient. It is not yet possible to be sure that all aspects of any particular issue, or all alternative explanations of any particular situation, have been covered, or that the chain of reasoning that has been utilized is flawless.
The preceding pages are full of instances that confirm the foregoing statements and illustrate the fallibility of scientific conclusions. For hundreds of years scientists have been convinced that gravitation must either be due to action at a distance or else must be propagated through a medium, or the equivalent of a medium, at a finite velocity. The most careful study of the situation by the most capable men in the profession over a long period of time has failed to produce any other plausible alternative, and this has been accepted as a clear indication that no such alternative exists. But in all of this scientific consideration of the problem it has been taken for granted that gravitation is an action of one mass upon another, and the investigators have been unable to rise far enough out of the traditional channels of thought to realize that this is not necessarily true; that it is merely an assumption suggested by the observed phenomena. By widening the horizons of thought to take other possibilities into account this present development has been able to produce a logical, consistent, and workable alternative in this case where modern science has been positive that there was no alternative.
Essentially the same thing has happened with respect to the problem of explaining the constant velocity of light. Scientists have been completely convinced that they have made a "thorough-going analysis of all conceivable alternatives,"56 and have therefore concluded that Relativity, which seems to be the most plausible of these '"conceivable alternatives" must be correct. Here again many of the things that are taken for granted in the consideration of the problem are merely assumptions, but the investigators have been unable to visualize the possibility that one or more of these assumptions might be in error. As in the case of gravitation, this work has taken a broader view of the situation and has found that by so doing it becomes possible here, also, to discover a logical, consistent, and workable alternative where present-day science is positive that no alternative is "conceivable."
Since these and the many other similar instances that can be found in the preceding pages clearly demonstrate that the human mind, be it scientific or non-scientific, has not yet reached the point where it can safely assume that it has exhausted the possibilities in any such investigation, it follows that the negative conclusions of science are inherently unreliable. Statement of an established positive principle in negative form is entirely acceptable. The statement that a perpetual motion machine is impossible, for example, is actually an expression of a firmly established conservation law. But when science says that it is impossible in principle to assign both a definite position and a definite momentum to a particle, or that it is impossible to detect absolute velocity, or that it is impossible to find any causal relationship leading to the radioactive disintegration of a particular atom, or makes some other statement of this nature, it is making an assertion which rests entirely on the premise that what scientists have not been able to do cannot be done: an inferential claim to infallibility that is not only completely unwarranted but highly presumptuous.
There is nothing particularly unusual about rationalizing failure to solve a problem by advancing the contention that the problem is insoluble—every schoolboy tries this technique when he meets his first difficult arithmetic assignment. The astounding fact in this particular case is that the scientific profession is not only getting away with this preposterous excuse for failure to reach its objectives, but is also well on the road to persuading (or browbeating) the philosophers into modifying or eliminating the long-standing philosophical principles which so clearly brand the most highly publicized conclusions of modern science as illogical and untenable. "The problem," says Hesse, "has been to make sense of the apparently paradoxical statements which physicists have been led to make in formulating the new theories."151 In this strange situation, those who cannot "make sense" of their theories, and find that these theories cannot qualify as logical or reasonable, are attempting (and to a considerable degree succeeding in the attempt) to force a redefinition of logic and reason.
Even the originators and the strong supporters of these modern theories freely admit that they strain credulity to the utmost and border on the absurd. Heisenberg, for example, speaking of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory, says:
It was not a solution, which one could easily accept…. I repealed to myself again and again the question: Can nature possibly be as absurd as it seemed to us in these atomic experiments?152
The present general acceptance of these Copenhagen doctrines by the physicists does not mean that the logical situation has changed in any way. The explanations, which they offer, are just as absurd as Heisenberg found them originally, but the physicists simply feel that they have no other choice. As James B. Conant puts it, they "have learned to live with a paradox that once seemed intolerable."153
The argument which is relied upon to support such inherently implausible theories and to justify the contention that it is nature that is absurd, rather than the products of the theorists, is always the alleged lack of any alternative. "There is no other way,"88 as Einstein puts it. All through the literature of modern science this same argument is repeated over and over again. It echoes as a familiar refrain in the statements quoted in the earlier pages. "There was and there is now no alternative,"70 asserts Millikan. "There are no physical laws to tell us—and there cannot be,"116 contends Bronowski. Physicists have made "a thorough-going analysis of all conceivable alternatives,"56 reports Sherwin. The "only interpretation" of newly discovered facts, says Bridgman, is "that nature is intrinsically and in its elements neither understandable nor subject to law."15 There is no "'intelligible alternative" currently available, hence we must accept present-day theories even though they are "conceptually imperfect" and "riddled with inconsistencies,"30 Hanson tells us.
It cannot be denied that there is a certain amount of force to this argument when it is used as Hanson is using it, not in support of current theory per se, but as a reason for utilizing such theory pending the possible development of something better. But no matter how it is used, it is a very vulnerable argument, since it is immediately and utterly demolished as soon as the allegedly non-existent alternative is produced. The presentation of such alternatives in this work has therefore destroyed the foundation of the argument in favor of accepting the conclusions of "modern physics', in spite of their numerous and serious shortcomings.
From this standpoint it is entirely irrelevant whether or not the reader of the preceding pages is convinced by the case therein presented and is willing to concede the validity of the new theoretical system. The mere production of a logical and self-consistent alternative automatically invalidates the contention that no such alternative exists, and overturns all theories that rest upon such a contention. The kind of a wholesale demolition of claims of this nature that has been carried out in this work goes even farther; it demonstrates that any contention that there are no more alternatives is unsound; that the human race has not yet arrived at that degree of infallibility which would make it legitimate to assert that all possible alternatives have already been examined.
Philosophers already knew this—it is the kind of a conclusion that is readily derived from philosophical considerations—and it is unfortunate that they have not been more outspoken in their criticism of scientific doctrines that justify the advocacy of irrational theories on the ground that there is no "intelligible alternative". Feyerabend makes this comment:
Philosophers of science… have become rather tame (or beat) and are much more prepared to change their ideas in accordance with the latest discoveries of the historians, or the latest fashion of the contemporary scientific enterprise. This is very regrettable, indeed, for it considerably decreases the number of the rational critics of the scientific enterprise.154
The findings of this present work now provide some strong reinforcement for those who take their stand on sound logical and rational principles. Here the great handicap of science, the very narrow factual base on which each of its conclusions rests, a base "derived from only limited groups of phenomena," as Heisenberg puts it, is overcome by the construction of a completely integrated theoretical structure which has the support of an enormous number of positively known facts derived from all types of physical phenomena. The Reciprocal System is thus far better equipped than any of its predecessors to take issue with philosophical principles should this be required but, as could safely be predicted from elementary considerations based on the concept of a rational universe, when science thus puts its own house in order there is no longer any point at issue. The findings of the present development are completely in harmony with both philosophy and common sense.
In every case where present-day science insists that we must accept illogical, unreasonable, and paradoxical conclusions because there are no alternatives, this work has produced sound, logical and consistent alternatives. There is no longer any justification for the contention that we must accept an incomprehensible wave-particle duality, that we must abandon the concept of absolute magnitudes, that we must give up the idea of causality, and so on. The position of those philosophers who have always opposed the uncontrolled excursions of science into realms of fantasy beyond the reach of sound philosophical and common sense principles is thus fully vindicated. In retrospect, the words of some of these individuals have a distinctly prophetic ring. Consider the following from Maritain, for example:
Metaphysics… renders mathematical physics the essential service of protecting it against distortions that would be almost inevitable without it; above all against the harmful illusion that leads it to regard itself as a philosophy of nature and to believe that things begin to exist only when they are measured by our instruments.155
In view of the great amount of discussion, both in scientific and in philosophical circles, about the issue of determinism, it may be well to emphasize that the return to strict causality in the Reciprocal System does not imply a deterministic universe. The two concepts are often confused in current thought. As Lindsay says, '"There is some disagreement among scientists about the concept of causality. Among many it is essentially equivalent to the notion of determinism."156 But the statement that A causes B does not include the assertion that all features of B are determined by A. The latter is determinism; the former is causality.
This distinction is somewhat obscured in a universe composed of "things"—entities that are essentially permanent. Determinism, in the Laplacian sense, visualizes the behavior of all entities in the universe as analogous to the behavior of the molecules of a gaseous aggregate, where it theoretically would be possible (assuming an isolated system) to specify the conditions at any future time if the initial conditions were given. But we do not live in a universe of permanent "things"; we live in a universe of motion, and the existence, in this universe, of transformation processes by which the various combinations of motion that constitute the entities of the physical universe change their forms and identities rules out determinism.
Causality can be maintained through a series of such processes, but not determinism, as the properties of entity A are not the same as those of the entity B into which it is transformed, and hence directional specifications cannot be carried forward from one phase to the next, nor is it always possible to specify what form the product will take. The photon, for example, is transformed into thermal motion when absorbed by matter. Later, that thermal motion is again transformed into another photon of radiation. A complete causal chain is maintained. The absorption of the photon causes a minute increase in the thermal motion of the matter, and hence in its temperature. The increased temperature then causes the radiation from this aggregate of matter to be speeded up to the extent of emitting one additional photon. But the deterministic connection is broken. The direction of the incident photon has no bearing at all on the direction of the emitted photon, the latter being determined entirely by probability considerations. The Reciprocal System introduces a host of new transformation processes which operate in a similar manner—transformations of one kind of a particle into another, transformations of matter into radiation or kinetic energy, transformations of motion in space into motion in time, and so on—and each of these processes breaks the deterministic relation, even though it maintains the causal connection.
Like the emission of a photon, the emission of an electron, a radioactive particle, or some other unit, is always due to a specific cause, but just as in the case of the photon, there is some aspect of the emission process, which is indeterminate. The photon actually has no direction of its own, because it has no independent motion (aside from the vibratory motion that makes it a photon). The translational motion, which we observe is supplied by the progression of space-time, and since the progression, is scalar, the direction which the photon will take is purely a matter of chance. Whether or not it will ultimately impinge on some particular distant object is therefore a question of probability; the original influence can cause emission but it cannot determine where the photon goes.
This is a much different picture of the situation than the one we get from modern physics, which denies the existence of specific identifiable causes for events at the microphysical level. In the words of Bridgman, Whenever he (the physicist) penetrates to the atomic or electronic level in his analysis, he finds things acting in a way for which he can assign no cause, for which he can never assign a cause, and for which the concept of cause has no meaning, if Heisenberg's principle is right. This means nothing more nor less than that the law of cause and effect must be given up.157
However bravely the modern physicist may talk for publication, this is not the kind of a situation that any believer in the rationality of the universe as a whole can contemplate with equanimity, and Bridgman reveals his own disquietude about the subject in the following rather plaintive statement:
The physicist thus finds himself in a world from which the bottom has dropped clean out; as he penetrates deeper and deeper it eludes him and fades away by the highly unsportsmanlike device of just becoming meaningless. No refinement of measurement will avail to carry him beyond the portals of this shadowy domain, which he cannot even mention without logical inconsistency.158
The findings of this present work now give the scientist an opportunity to escape from this awkward dilemma; they enable him to maintain strict scientific conformity with the facts of observation while remaining wholly within the bounds of logic and rationality. From a scientific standpoint, the most significant thing about the new theoretical system presented in this work, the Reciprocal System is that it is in agreement with all positively known facts or, at least, is not inconsistent with any of them. From a philosophical standpoint, its most significant feature is that it is in harmony with nature; it does not picture nature as "absurd," or "meaningless," or "paradoxical." It defines a universe that is logical, orderly, and rational, and that is readily understandable in all of its details, if a reasonable effort is made to look at natural processes as they actually exist, not in some artificial context imposed by human preferences and prejudices.
‹ 16 Quantitative Relations up References ›


Abstract: I motivate a variation (due to K. Szlachányi) of monoidal categories called skew-monoidal categories where the unital and associativity laws are not required to be isomorphisms, only natural transformations. Coherence has to be formulated differently than in the well-known monoidal case. In my (to my knowledge new) version, it becomes a statement of uniqueness of normalizing rewrites. I present a proof of this coherence theorem and also formalize it fully in the dependently typed programming language Agda.


In tomorrow's special election for president of Venezuela, it's not just the revolution in Venezuela that's at stake, but also the fate of the socialist and revolutionary movements currently flourishing throughout Latin America. The Bolivarian Revolution is just that important. Nicolas Maduro understands that his challenge will be to live up to the legacy of President Hugo Chavez. Tomorrow, Venezuelan voters will almost certainly give him the opportunity.
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Managed Competition in Florida
Jeb Bush's focus on efficiency has changed state government
By Jack Furney
More than a decade ago, Florida's economic outlook was bleak. The state government was forecasting a fiscal shortfall, couldn't balance its budget, and even shut down operations for a short period.
Adding to these challenges, Florida, with an economy largely based on tourism, was hit hard by the national economic downturn in the early 1990s. Add to that the most expensive natural disaster in U.S. history, at the time, Hurricane Andrew, which struck southern Florida in August, 1992. All of these served as a wake up call that resulted in a management change by Florida's voters.
In 1998, Jeb Bush was elected as Florida's 43rd governor. Gov. Bush brought a vision to make Florida fiscally solvent while pursuing an aggressive agenda to decrease the size of government, lower taxes and eliminate wasteful spending. Voters liked his approach and made Bush the first Republican governor in Florida history to win re-election. Bush's goals and philosophy are simple yet powerful—embrace and utilize the power of the free market and competition to deliver high quality services to taxpayers while holding the line on spending.
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Recently some of Florida's many outsourcing successes have been overshadowed by the high-powered media spotlight on the few projects that experienced difficulties. After learning from those mistakes, today Florida is doing a better job. Rather than abandoning the goal of a "smaller, more efficient government," Gov. Bush took measures to make Florida's competition efforts better, and well, more efficient. He issued an executive order in March 2004 that created the "Center for Efficient Government" to "promote fair and transparent best business practices in government in order to foster accountability, competition, efficiency and innovation in the way state agencies deliver services to Florida's citizens."
Bush has since issued a subsequent executive order to assist agencies in the development of a reemployment and retraining assistance plan for employees not retained by the agency or employed by the contractor. Recently these concepts were codified into law securing Bush's legacy and impact for future administrations.
The new law establishes a standardized method for procuring and managing contracts that will result in more accountability, visibility and competition. Doing so has increased the public's confidence and has mitigated perceptions of impropriety. Injecting competition allows the state to realize the best value and wisely spend taxpayer dollars. There's no doubt, government contracts are big business opportunities for the private sector. The bottom line is that government is capitalizing on these opportunities by providing the taxpayer with the best bang for the buck.
By implementing properly managed competition initiatives, Florida has benefited in terms of dollars saved, efficiencies gained and improvement of services to citizens. Even with some mixed results, the state has saved more than half a billion dollars while reducing more than 6,500 positions, not to mention the $20 billion in tax avoidance. The savings generated from Florida's competition initiatives have enabled tax dollars to be redirected into mission-critical, core citizen services that help families, children, the environment and the elderly.
During his tenure, Jeb Bush has brought fiscal solvency to the state, reduced taxes, and eliminated wasteful, non-essential government functions by continually challenging state entities to identify and focus on their core functions. He has made Florida's government smaller and more efficient by embracing competition and the free market.
Florida's residents and taxpayers should not only commend Bush's efforts, but give him a pat on the back when he leaves the capitol building in January 2007. Florida should hope that his successor uses the tools Bush has left behind, embraces competition and continues to take Florida down the path of economic viability and vitality.
Jack Furney is a policy analyst at Reason Foundation and previously served as Chief of Policy and Budget in the Center for Efficient Government under Gov. Jeb Bush. An archive of Furney's work is here and Reason Foundation's government reform research and commentary is here.
Jack Furney is a policy analyst and deputy director of privatization and government reform at Reason Foundation, a nonprofit think tank advancing free minds and free markets.
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Gen.T | Leadership
In Pictures: Panel Discussion On Tackling Food Waste With Technology
By Chong Seow Wei
Cover Chong Seow Wei, Ng Pei Kang and Robert Stirrup
As part of Raffles City Singapore's Project Green initiative, Gen.T organised a panel discussion on the impact of food and packaging waste on the environment—and how to address it with technology
On July 29, we hosted a panel discussion to raise awareness about the impact of the food and packaging industries on the environment.
Organised as part of Raffles City Singapore's Project Green initiative, the session was held at the atrium space on the third floor of the integrated complex.
There, a showcase has also been erected since July 8 to shed light on Raffles City's sustainability plans and efforts, which include encouraging shoppers to bring their own reusable bags and tenants to reduce their waste. Masterclasses and upcycling workshops are also being held by the likes of Nespresso, L'occitane and Terra SG to educate shoppers on becoming more eco-conscious. The showcase runs until September 25.
Ng Pei Kang, the founder and CEO of sustainable packaging company Tria, and Robert Stirrup, director of culinary operations at Fairmont Singapore and Swissôtel the Stamford, were part of the panel to share the solutions that they have individually implemented to help reduce the waste produced by the food and hospitality industries.
Read more: Sustainable Shopping: Learn How To Be A Mindful Consumer
For Stirrup, measures have been put in place to reduce the waste that is coming out of his kitchens, where he oversees some 400 staff across restaurants, bars and banquet spaces. "We did an audit of each kitchen to see what's being thrown in the bin in terms of food waste," he shared during the panel, adding that his team works closely with companies such as Lumitics to calculate this waste and identify ways to cut it down or cross-utilise it.
At the two hotels, for instance, Stirrup and his team are experimenting with ways of using the food waste at the in-house aquaponics and herb farms.
'gallery right' 'gallery right'
Photo 1 of 10 The Project Green showcase
Photo 2 of 10 Kee Wei Hui, Tan Szue Hann
Photo 3 of 10 Derek Lee
Photo 4 of 10 Mohammad Hossein Davood Abadi Farahani
Photo 5 of 10 Baristas preparing coffee at the Nespresso booth
Photo 7 of 10 Guests learning to pot a plant at the L'occitane booth
Photo 8 of 10 Gracia Yap
Photo 9 of 10 Canapes made from sustainably sourced ingredients prepared by Fairmont Singapore
Photo 10 of 10 Canapes made from sustainably sourced ingredients prepared by Fairmont Singapore
For businesses in the sustainability space, Ng advises that it is important to understand the constraints of the matter and find ways to navigate them.
"What's the fastest way to create impact and change? [It] is to accept that single-use [plastics] are here to stay. Accept that as a constraint, then look at it from a systems perspective and ask what can be done. That's how we [at Tria] look at [the packaging waste problem]."
He also encouraged the audience, most of who come from startups or organisations in the sustainability sector, to consider the way the human brain works when developing solutions: "We are hardwired to take the path of least resistance," he said. "This shapes a lot of the lifestyles we see today. So we should first embrace this trait of ours, and then look for a solution, a technological breakthrough, and work on it. I think this is a progressive view of sustainability."
Guests were also treated to a quick masterclass by French beauty brand L'occitane on how to pot a plant, while fragrant coffee by Nespresso and canapes made from sustainably sourced ingredients and prepared by Fairmont Singapore were served.
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Welsh Businesses Encouraged to Submit Investment Proposals
Cardiff Finance & Investment Home Page Original Content South Wales Transport & Infrastructure
Mark Powney , 10th July 2019
The Cardiff Capital Region (CCR) Regional Cabinet has announced the creation of an Investment and Intervention Framework.
It focuses on the region's three priorities, which include innovation, infrastructure and challenge, enabling maximum leverage of the £495 million the CCR City Deal has available for investment.
The CCR City Deal is a catalyst for long-term economic revival, aiming for the whole region to become self-sufficient. It includes the ten local authorities of Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Newport, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Torfaen and Vale of Glamorgan.
Of the £1.2 billion available, £734 million is ringfenced for the South Wales Metro, and the remaining £495 million is available for the funding of high-potential projects in the region through its Investment and Intervention Framework.
The bespoke three-priority approach has been developed in partnership with the investor community to leverage maximum economic and social benefits from the £495 million.
The Innovation Priority, worth £220 million, will look at proposals demonstrating unique intellectual property, market leadership and competitive strength. It will support propositions in targeted growth sectors that have the greatest potential for direct economic return on investment through job creation and GVA increase.
The Infrastructure Priority, worth £200 million, will focus on targeted co-investment and pooling of resources to deliver maximum impact through the delivery of new physical and digital infrastructure projects including roads, public transport, broadband, skills, sites or testbeds.
The Challenge Priority, worth £75 million, will seek to stimulate the adoption of new products and solutions in South East Wales. It will look at growing new markets and welcomes proposals that emerge from competitive spaces where more than one organisation or individual might be equipped to deliver, in order to offer more flexibility and scope for experimentation.
The three-way funding model aims to build a delivery pipeline with partners, within and beyond the Cardiff Capital Region, while focusing on the priorities outlined in the Industrial and Economic Plan, which was launched in February earlier this year.
Councillor Andrew Morgan, Chair of the CCR Regional Cabinet and Leader of Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council, said:
"In creating conditions for sustainable growth, there is a fine balance to be struck between strengthening innovation, infrastructure and competition.
"The CCR City Deal is an incredible opportunity for our region to unlock its performance potential through the implementation of ambitious, transformative projects, and I am confident that the Innovation, Infrastructure and Challenge Priorities will help maintain this balance and bring lasting benefits."
Frank Holmes, Chair of the CCR Economic Growth Partnership, said:
"Our overarching goal is to improve Cardiff Capital Region's business environment through strategic, targeted investments.
"These three priorities will enable us to target and select projects linked to the Industrial and Economic Plan's growth objectives, which bring high return on investments and help keep the City Deal ever-green; back public sector-led infrastructure projects which are necessary to attract and enable investment in the region; and encourage the generation of innovative solutions.
"We are optimistic that Cardiff Capital Region can become one of the most investable regions within the UK, and we look forward to receiving and originating the proposals which will contribute to make it happen."
Two key investments have already been agreed by the City Deal. In May 2017, the Regional Cabinet already agreed to invest £38.5million to assist the development of a compound semiconductor industry cluster in the region, and in January 2018 it agreed in principle to commit £40million to endorse the proposed £180million Metro Central Development, a project that will deliver a new Central Transport Interchange at the heart of Cardiff's city centre Core Employment Zone.
For more information on the three priorities and to find out how to get involved, access the Investment and Intervention Framework at https://www.cardiffcapitalregion.wales/investment/
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Electric Cars Becoming Popular As Grid Gets Greener
By John Upton
Follow @johnupton
KNOXVILLE, TENN. — The amount of heat-trapping pollution that's released every time Bill Williams drives his electric sedan a mile down a road here has fallen by about a quarter in the three years since he bought it.
Williams' car hasn't changed, but the electricity that powers it has. In Tennessee, power once generated overwhelmingly by coal has given way to more nuclear and natural gas power. With the rising number of plug-in models available in the U.S., many at increasingly affordable prices, and with electricity getting greener, the climate benefits of electric cars are growing.
Mark Bishop opens the hood of his Honda Insight, which he converted to run on electricity.
Credit: John Upton/Climate Central
Polls show that Tennesseans are among the least worried nationwide about global warming, yet they support one of America's healthiest electric car markets. One out of every 400 new cars sold in the state in 2016 could be plugged in, Auto Alliance figures show, ranking Tennessee 11th nationwide. Electric car owners here tend to give other reasons for their purchases and view climate benefits as nice extras.
"The car of the future," said Williams, a retired federal nuclear worker, beaming as he drove his Tesla Model S after punching the gas to show off its acceleration. "When I went and test drove it and saw it personally, I mean, I just liked everything about it."
Analysis by Climate Central shows that at least one variety of 2017 all-electric or plug-in hybrid electric car will have a smaller impact on the climate after 100,000 miles of driving than any of its gas-fueled competitors in 37 states, including Tennessee. That's up from 16 states in 2013 as power grids have become greener.
The most climate-friendly car option in any state depends on its electricity grid. This map shows the top 2017 car type for each state in the U.S. based on its 2015 electricity grid.
Source: EIA
In California, the nation's leading market for electric cars, where aggressive renewables policies have boosted the environmental benefits of the vehicles, one out of every 50 cars sold last year was a plug-in. In Alabama, which shares its northern border with Tennessee, it was one out of every 1,000.
Electric cars are only as clean as the electricity they're charged with. Solar, wind and nuclear power are the most climate-friendly sources of electricity, while coal is the worst. Gasoline-fueled cars are powered by oil, which is a major source of heat-trapping pollution.
Climate Central's analysis also considered the pollution released when cars are manufactured. Because producing the battery and the rest of Williams' Tesla released such an intense burst of greenhouse gas pollution, and because the retiree only drives 10,000 to 20,000 miles a year, it may be better for the climate if he'd held onto his 2007 Toyota Avalon, which is a relatively efficient gas-fueled sedan.
In terms of climate impacts, sometimes "it's best to just keep driving whatever car you're driving" — even if it burns gas, so long as it's an efficient model, said Greta Shum, a Climate Central researcher who led the analysis. "Electric vehicles have this really high emissions rate just before they get on the road."
Electric vehicles emit more pounds of CO2 during manufacturing than gas-powered hybrids. However, over 100,000 miles, the average gas-powered hybrid emits more carbon dioxide per mile than the average all-electric vehicle. Emissions above are calculated for the U.S. national electricity mix.
Lowering greenhouse gas pollution from electricity generation can offset those heavy manufacturing impacts. About a quarter of the electricity being sold by the Tennessee Valley Authority this year is coming from coal, down from nearly 60 percent in 2007. The authority in the fall began operating the first new nuclear power station in America in two decades, and it has been building natural gas power plants and building and buying power from solar and wind farms. Its staff have been investigating the potential impacts of electric vehicle charging on the grid as the sector grows. "What impacts there are can be managed," said Drew Frye, a power utility engineer.
The Tennessee Valley Authority may be reducing its use of coal, but all of its power isn't environmentally friendly. Natural gas is a fossil fuel that releases heat-trapping pollution, while nuclear power creates generations-long radioactive waste problems, and hydroelectricity also releases greenhouse gases. Just 3 percent of the authority's power this year is coming from wind and solar power.
Still, the energy mix is environmentally friendly enough to mean that the three most climate-friendly cars to operate over 100,000 miles in Tennessee are all-electric vehicles — models made by BMW, Mitsubishi and Fiat. In 13 other states, including Colorado, Hawaii, Kentucky and North Dakota, heavy coal use means it's still better for the climate to operate an efficient gas-powered model.
As their climate impacts have gone down, ownership of electric cars in Tennessee has gone up, bolstered by operations at a Nissan factory in Smyrna, a state subsidy program (which has run out of money), and efforts by local and state governments to roll out networks and corridors of public charging stations.
Knoxville resident Bill Williams behind the wheel of his Tesla sedan.
Charging stations dot major cities and line freeways between here and Nashville, helping motorists venture further from home without fear of being stranded. Some chargers were installed by local governments. Others are in the parking lots of fast-food restaurants near off-ramps trying to woo customers.
"I think our role here is helping to make it possible for that whole industry to grow, and to encourage people to be those early adopters," said Knoxville Mayor Madeline Rogero, whose staff oversees 25 public charging stations in nine locations, often at parking garages. Some 400 customers use the stations, charging their cars for an average of 90 minutes at a time. "We wanted to set an example and make them available."
In a conservative city in a conservative state (60 percent of voters here in Knox County voted for President Trump, similar to Tennessee voters overall), Rogero was elected to her first term in 2011 after running a campaign that emphasized environmental policies. Opposition to environmental values in Knoxville has eased since 10 to 15 years ago, Rogero said, when opponents of urban planning turned out to rail at public meetings against what they saw as a United Nations conspiracy involving a sustainable development action plan called Agenda 21.
Electric car owners in Knoxville tend to point to concerns about issues other than the climate in explaining why they have embraced the technology — typically local air pollution and the effects of crude oil imports from the Middle East. The role of pollution in raising temperatures and worsening droughts, storms and floods is a scientific fact, but discussing "climate change" is considered political and divisive in many places.
Electric cars, which help protect the climate, carry little such political baggage in Tennessee.
"I think it's just common sense to a lot of people here that gas prices won't always be low; that driving vehicles that run on American fuels is important to our security, to our safety, to our air quality," said Melissa Goldberg, project manager at the nonprofit East Tennessee Clean Fuels Coalition. "Alternative fuels and clean transportation are a transcendent bipartisan issue."
Brian Blackmon, a sustainability project manager at the city of Knoxville, at an electric vehicle charging station in a downtown parking lot.
Leslie Grossman converted a jeep to run on electricity in 2009 and has become a prominent advocate for electric vehicles in Knoxville. While the stockbroker acknowledges that climate change is a problem, she identifies strongly as conservative and bristles at the notion that climate concerns might motivate her.
"The reason I did it was to eliminate the imbalance in our trade and get us off fossil fuels, because they're nasty," Grossman said. "I chose a jeep for my conversion, because I was so tired of hearing narrow-minded people saying, 'Electric is for wusses,' or 'Electric is for sissies.'"
Nissan is producing Leafs at a factory three hours west of Knoxville, helping to establish electric cars as a driving force in the state's economy. Leafs comprise slightly more than half of the roughly 200 registered electric vehicles in Knox County — far greater than the car's market share nationally, the Auto Alliance's data shows. Automotive students at the Tennessee College of Applied Technology learn to repair and maintain electric, hybrid and internal combustion vehicles.
When the students take lessons in electric vehicles, they're learning about products that are getting cheaper as battery and other manufacturing technology improves. Although they're still more expensive than traditional alternatives — putting them out of reach of many car buyers on smaller budgets — they can be charged for a fraction of the cost of a tank of gas.
"It depends on what you're comparing them with," said Williams, the owner of the Tesla Model S, which starts at $68,000 for a 2017 model. "If you're going to get an expensive car anyway, then why not?"
While electric cars might become financially competitive over a vehicle's lifetimes with gas-fueled alternatives by next year in Europe, where gasoline is more expensive than in the U.S., UBS Financial Services projected it could take eight more years to reach similar price parity in America. Federal and some state subsidies are helping the electric vehicles compete in the meantime.
"The incentive is designed to help consumers and companies in this new marketplace, and the idea, of course, is that over time, that subsidy, which would run out, would not be necessary," said Alan Baum, an automotive market analyst. "We're not there yet."
The future of incentive programs may be in peril, however. Subsidies for electric vehicles purchases have been running out of cash in some states, including Tennessee, and targeted for repeal in others. California drafted clean car standards that are more stringent than federal rules, mandating plug-in vehicle sales, which it and some other states enforce with the help of a federal waiver — a waiver that may be jeopardized under the Trump administration. Federal subsidies could run out for some manufacturers next year, though Congress is considering extending them.
Oscar Smith, an Audi seller in Knoxville whose some 300 sales last year included three e-tron plug-ins, said subsidies are key for making electric cars more appealing. He also said they come with a "cool factor" that can help with sales.
"I see it as the next evolution in automobiles," said Richard Thigpen, a doctor in Knoxville who has leased a BMW i3 since 2014. Caring for the environment "wasn't my primary motivation" in going electric, he said, but he wanted a car that could be fueled with American energy. Most of the coal and gas burned in the U.S. is mined or drilled domestically.
"I really like the cool factor," Thigpen said. "I'm an early adopter — I like what's new, and it's just fun to drive."
Posted in Climate, Business, Policy, Energy, Solutions, United States, South


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Algansea barbata är en fiskart som beskrevs av Álvarez och Cortés, 1964. Algansea barbata ingår i släktet Algansea och familjen karpfiskar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Student of the Year - (EPT) Excellence Private Training Sign up online today! PaSTOR D sign up today for private training (In-Home). We provide piano, guitar, bass, keyboard sequencing, voice, song writing lessons. Also audio & video production graphic design, website designing and ministry preparation & bible training.
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What consistent qualities have made Bro. Curtis Bradley Jr.
He has always showed up for lesson on time although he lives a great distance away.
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These selected seasons mention above shows forth how important it is to commit yourself as and when you should. Repeatedly saying, "I need to get back with Pastor D" is to disregard Gods' warnings about the brevity and temporal conditions of each season. You must make a change. In addition, repeatedly quitting & returning to lessons with PaSTOR D is usually just a mere expression of confidence in knowing that PaSTOR D is always available.
Nevertheless, your first motive should be to recommit yourself to God whole-heartily and trust him to provide a way for you to maximize your potential. It is not about how many times you receive lessons from PaSTOR D or any other instructor, but rather, how many times you obey God. Good teachers are meaningless without good students!
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Many highly successful people have had to overcome the lowliest and demeaning struggles in life in order to succeed. No! Life is not fair. It does not have to be if it is pursued God's way and within the God's ordain season to make everything fruitful.
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When my dad passed away just over a year ago, I contemplated not posting about it. My blog - and my garden - are my happy place. Even when things go wrong - pests (dang rabbits!), diseases and the unpredictability of Mother Nature - these types of "problems" are minor in the grand scheme of things. And there is always something to be thankful for in the garden, something that makes me smile and forget, at least for a short time, the trials that life throws our way.
So when my mother-in-law became ill in January and then passed away a few weeks later, I decided not to post about it. I wanted to keep the sadness out of the blog, especially since it was so soon after my own dad's passing which had a significant affect on both my life and the blog last year.
The passing of a parent takes a toll on the whole family - not only with regards to the passing itself, but also when it comes to helping the surviving spouse adjust to life after the fact. This was especially difficult with my father-in-law since he was afflicted with advanced Parkinson's.
We knew the adjustment would not be easy, but it ended up being much more tragic than anyone anticipated. None of us were aware of how far the Parkinson's had progressed until my mother-in-law, who had been the primary caregiver, was no longer around. It was heartbreaking. And then the final blow - my father-in-law suffered an episode which lead to brain damage. He survived for a few weeks, but then peacefully passed away with both his children by his side. Two parents, two funerals. Both a total shock and all within a 4 month period. It's been an emotionally grueling time.
The funeral was the weekend before we went to Vancouver. The main reason behind this trip was to attend a wedding and, quite frankly, had it not been for the fact that we were 4 of only 5 people representing the grooms side of the family, we would have cancelled it. The trip, however, did end up doing us good - it was a respite from the heaviness of the events back home. A time to set aside thoughts of what was lost and enjoy what we still had.
So this has been the state of things over the past few months. I'm still managing to get out into the garden but the heat is making gardening more of a pain than a joy this year. Or perhaps it's not just the heat, but my overall emotional state. Sometimes it's hard to tell. Unlike when my dad passed away, I've decided not to take a specific break from blogging. For the rest of the season, however, I'll likely not be as active in the blogosphere as I normally am.
This is Blossom - a now 3 month old kitty from the Humane Society.
We've been meaning to get a pet for a while, after a self-imposed hiatus once the kids were born, and the timing just seemed right. Blossom is the most adorable, purry bundle of fur ever. In an otherwise overcast year, she has brought a much needed ray of sunshine into our home.
Gosh, my heartfelt thoughts go out to you and your family Margaret. Losing a parent is always tough under any circumstance, but losing two in such a short time period is truly hard to imagine. And Blossom come into the world in the midst of all that. With a name and a sweet face like that I would have taken her home myself! I always struggle with how much to share on my blog too. Please don't feel guilty though - life always takes priority over the blogosphere for sure. Your readers will be there whenever you feel like blogging. And now we won't be worrying about you!
Thank you so much Dave. Yes, as soon as I saw Blossom and picked her up, I knew she was for us. And you are right, life does take priority & I think that we sometimes forget that in this screen-laden world.
You have had sorrow upon sorrow. May your heart heal as you continue to love your family (which is now Blossoming!) and enjoy those moments of respite in the garden. Thanks for sharing your burdens. It's good to share as we all have need of the love and care of others.
Oh, thank you Lorraine for the kinds words. Today was a wonderful, mild day & I spent several quite hours in the garden - it was just lovely.
Thank you Nancy - yes, furriness definitely helps.
I am so sorry you're going through this. Both my parents are dead and I know how tough this is. Grieving is a long process. Be kind to yourself and pull the people you love close. None of us are ever here long enough.
I am so sorry for your heartbreaking losses. I am sure your readers will understand that you have so much on your mind and on your heart right now. I hope you can find some peace in gardening as you grieve.
Thank you, Rachel - Gardening has been challenging with the heat, but when the weather co-operates like it did today, it's so peaceful & soul-soothing.
I'm sorry for your losses, Margaret. I hope Blossom brings you all comfort and joy.
Thank you, Pam - Blossom is so sweet, she can't help but brighten our days.
Thank you for reaching out Lee & your kind words - I really appreciate it.
Oh Margaret, I wish I could just give you a big hug, words are just so inadequate. My deepest sympathy to you and your family for your losses. And joy for your new furry friend. One of my old kitties is sitting on my lap now as I sip my tea and try to catch up on blog reading. It's a nice feeling. It must have been very difficult to write this post but thank you for letting us know what's going on. I feel like I connect in some way with the the people who blog, not just their blog, so it's always disturbing when they just disappear from the blogosphere. Write when you feel like it, comment when you feel up to it, or not. Take time to heal. Wishing you good things!
Thank you so much, Michelle - I kept putting off writing this post as I didn't want to spread the sadness, but then again, everyone's support does my heart good. I also realized that if one of my blogging friends were in the same situation, I would want to know and lend my support to them. Isn't it odd how we tend to not want to "bother" others with our problems, yet if the situation were reversed we would want them to "bother" us so that we could help?
Thank you so much, Jo. I totally agree - hobbies that we can get fully immersed in are so soothing to the soul - not only when it comes to loss, but even for those everyday stresses we all have.
Going away so soon after our loss is not something I ever would have considered healing, but it certainly was. And Blossom was quick to worm her way into our hearts - everyone is vying for time with her, even my husband, which makes me smile. He was the biggest staller when it came to getting a cat but now he is smitten.
So sorry that you have had such a hard time. I can empathise with your feelings. Like you I tend not to write about the sad things in my life so I understand what you are saying.
Thank you Sue - Gardening, for all it's problems, is a source of joy for us garden bloggers, so sad news is not generally something I would want to share. I must say, however, that the support eveyone has shown is soothing to the heart.
So sorry to hear this Margaret, what an incredibly difficult time. I hope you have lots of happy memories to think back on.
Thank you Lou - I know what you mean about your dad's passing - it seems so long ago and, at the same time, like it just happened yesterday. My mom will often still say "we are fine" when I call and ask her how it's going.
I missed you in blogland! Blogging is hard work and I think we all need a break once in a while, especially when life throws us a curve ball or two. The great thing about the garden blogging community is that they are some of the warmest, most understanding & supportive people in the blogosphere. And I'm really enjoying Instagram - I'm so glad you are on there! It's so easy, isn't it? Post a pic, write a sentence or two and done. It's a great accompaniment to the more detailed posts of a blog.
Hello Margaret, I think this is only my second visit to your blog.
I am so sorry that you have been experiencing such a difficult time recently, sending positive thoughts to you.
Your new cat Blossom looks adorable.
Thank you for dropping by and the positive thoughts, Jan - I do appreciate it.
That is a lot to deal with in a short time. My condolences to you. I hope things do get easier, with the help of your new family member.
Margaret I am so sorry for your loss .. it is an extreme emotional over load with what you and your family have gone through. I know many people will say time will help heal .. and it will, it is just such a long process of actually getting through that time.
Yes ! .. this adorable new little life will bring you such happiness, it is hard to understand how much of an impact these little furry souls can have on our lives but they do and you will find comfort in Blossom.
Thank you so much, Joy. You're right, of course - time will heal, but likely take it's "sweet time" doing so. Blossom is so precious and a snuggle can easily melt our stresses - we had been waiting a long time to let a furry bundle into our family once again, and I think the timing was perfect. Oh yes, the bee houses! I can relate to the "I have it but it's not up yet" syndrome - I'm actually wondering if it's too late to put one up now and may wait until next year.
I did wonder why you've been quiet, and speculated that something was up. Now I know. I'm so sorry for your losses. But you seem to have a resilient spirit, and that accomplishes a lot. When you've healed, come back to regular posting. We'll be waiting.
Thanks so much Will - I'm hopeful that my emotional energy will slowly recharge in the months to come.
Blessings to you Margaret. There are no words for this kind of heart ache.
Thank you so much Shawn - your thoughts are much appreciated.
Thank you so much for your thoughts, Caro - yes, the sadness does sneak up on you at the most unexpected (or sometimes expected) times. Sometimes things seem "normal" and then, not so much. I am so thankful to still have my mum - but also a bit paranoid. If I can't get a hold of her for an extended period of time because she's delayed somewhere or didn't tell me she was out of the day, etc., I start getting a bit panicky.
I am late to seeing this post, but I hope you and your family are doing better and that the heartache and turmoil is at least lessening by degrees. Be patient with yourselves. You are in my thoughts.
Thank you so much Phuong - We are slowly healing and getting used to the "new normal" - I truly appreciate your thoughts.


Chennai's loss is Pondicherry's gain. The depressing liquor scene in the city forces many to risk driving three hours along the narrow, winding East Coast Road on weekends. Pondicherry, where you can rent a premium AC room for Rs 750, offers a spirited welcome. At the year-old sea-facing Promenade, a boutique hotel, you get Glenfiddich or Remy Martin for Rs 125 and a generous buffet for Rs 285. "Every weekend, each of the 15 major hotels in Pondy has at least 60 cars with TN and Karnataka registration. Over the past few years, the Bangalore crowd has swelled the liquor-driven tourism industry here," says D.P. Ramamurthy of RR Wine Mart, a leading liquor distributor in Pondicherry.
At the stylish Ajanta bar, a group of young men has converged from Bangalore and Chennai and is guzzling beer. "In Chennai we pay Rs 130 for a KF at an ordinary bar," says Venkatesan Raghuram. Ajanta indulges them with Foster's for Rs 60. "In Chennai, the few decent pubs insist on shoes and semi-formal clothing. Here you can walk in with rubber slippers," says R. Arun, Raghuram's companion.
Pondy's attractive not just because liquor is cheap (due to lower taxes and duties), but because it has wider choice. "While in TN, for a new brand to be introduced, a tender has to be issued, a fee has to be remitted and the Tasmac Board of Directors has to meet and approve, in Pondy there's a single-window clearance," says Ramamurthy. While TN has not seen a decent new brand in five years, Pondicherry offers one every week. Since Pondy is sandwiched on all sides by TN, people take a local bus from Cuddalore, Villupuram, Kanchipuram and Chennai, drink their fill, and return. Budget-conscious drinkers take a bus from Chennai (for Rs 60) in the morning, drink over lunch and dinner in Pondy, and return by night. For Chennai revellers, Pondy offers solace. The several accidents every weekend on the ECR, due to drunken driving, are hardly a deterrent.


text:
September 2013 archive
Nightmares and Dreamscapes by Stephen King
By Al Singh in General
I recently finished the Dark Tower series, which is mostly fantasy rather than horror, so I had forgotten how utterly creepy Stephen King's imagination can be. I had been of the opinion that King peaked in the 80's and had lost his touch since then, but this collection of stories has forced me to revise …
Al, Horror, Short Stories, Stephen King
Permanent link to this article: https://www.thefrumiousconsortium.net/2013/09/28/nightmares-and-dreamscapes-by-stephen-king/
The Early History of Rome by Livy
By Al Singh in History
One thing is clear from this history: from the founding of the Republic, class warfare was endemic to Rome. Rome was perpetually at war with her neighbors, but was politically at war with herself for much of her history. It seems the aristocracy used war and external threats as a means to stall the popular …
Al, Livy, Roman Republic, Romans, Rome
Permanent link to this article: https://www.thefrumiousconsortium.net/2013/09/21/the-early-history-of-rome-by-livy/
The Fall of Berlin 1945 by Antony Beevor
By Al Singh in Al, Germany, History
The writing and the research of this book is first rate, but still, reading endless accounts of the orgy of mass rape committed by the Red Army in 1945 is quite disheartening. Stalin from the beginning intended that the Soviet army would reach Berlin before the Western Allies, but he deliberately misled Churchill and Eisenhower …
1945, Al, Antony Beevor, Berlin, Germany, Soviet Union, World War II
Permanent link to this article: https://www.thefrumiousconsortium.net/2013/09/18/the-fall-of-berlin-1945-by-antony-beevor/
An Army at Dawn by Rick Atkinson
By Al Singh in General, History
This book goes a long way toward dismissing the notion that America's triumph in World War II was inevitable. Operation Torch in North Africa was full of mistakes and setbacks for the Allies, with generals blaming each other for failures and British and Americans viewing each other with contempt and mistrust. The French, contrary to …
Al, North Africa, Operation Torch, Rick Atkinson, World War II
Permanent link to this article: https://www.thefrumiousconsortium.net/2013/09/04/an-army-at-dawn-by-rick-atkinson/


text:
Q: javascript regex multiple pattern search I am trying to write the regex to search the string
String :
{@CSS resources=",resources/css/page.css,/resources/css/global.css ," /}

Regex:
{@CSS resources=\s*"(.*?)"\s*\/}|(^,)|(,$)

Need to find leading and trailing commas with "resources"

A: You can use this regex:
{@CSS resources=\s*"(\s*,\s*)*(.*?)(\s*,\s*)*"\s*\/}

and replace with {@CSS resources="$2" /}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fantasy hockey stock watch – top five defensemen on the rise
As we've mentioned several times in our pre-season content, defenders are more important than ever in ESPN's new standard fantasy game. A manager who doesn't pay much attention to his blue line is almost certain not to win at the end of this abbreviated and bizarre season.
Join or create a league in the #1 Fantasy Hockey game and play how you want with custom scoring and player placement options.
Create or join a competition today >>.
The ongoing problem of juggling bodies in the face of match postponements, COVID-related absences and increasingly frequent injuries in this ultra-pressure campaign only reinforces the importance of continued work on the blue line.
From this perspective, as the 2020-21 season begins, we see some defenders moving up the ranks and the ugly backlash from some fantasy leaders going the other way.
Jacob Cichrun, Arizona Coyotes (78.8% listed in ESPN.com leagues) : With Oliver Ekman-Larsson dropping out each week with a lower-body injury, Chychrun will have even more responsibilities, including ensuring maximum performance for the Coyotes. So far (so far!), the 22-year-old has scored five points on 18 shots in seven games, including two assists with an extra skater. Since joining the league in 2016, Cichrun has steadily increased his productivity each season. This campaign should be no exception.
Alec Martinez, Vegas Golden Knights (54.1%): Only Adam Larsson of the Edmonton Oilers (28) has more blocked shots than Martinez (25) entering the 2020-21 season, and the Vegas guard has played one less game. Add to that his five assists, Shea Theodore's four best partners and the Knights' occasional lead in a matter of minutes. Reminder: Last year, the veteran scored eight points in ten games for the Kings. Underrated in many fantasy circles, Martinez presents as a complete package.
Confession: I listed him as a free agent in both leagues this week.
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Ty Smith, New Jersey Devils (22.3%) : This week on Waiver Watch, Smith is quickly gaining popularity among fantasy film sets. A goal and five assists in six games have allowed the 20-year-old rookie to play a role on the Devils' power play and increase his total minutes. He played Tuesday at 8:53 p.m. against the Flyers. Smith hasn't quite got it together yet, but coach Lindy Ruff seems willing to give his young protégé the freedom to make mistakes. A jewel of a tutelary dynasty, the 17th. The overall goalie (2018) should also have a place in many Raiders leagues.
Noah Dobson, resident of New York (16.0%) : It's Dobson, not Ryan Pulock, who has performed the most on the power play for the Islanders so far, collecting two passes with an extra skater. After scoring just seven points in 34 games in his rookie season, the secondary, who just turned 21, has already notched four in six games.
I really think this kid will become a star sooner or later. If he continues to contribute to special teams, Dobson is destined to be in Les Bleus' top four before the end of this compact campaign.
2 Connected
Justin Schultz, Washington Capitals (12.2%): The new show is going well. After a week of warming up outside, Schultz now has two goals and two assists (plus three) on nine shots in the last two games. Washington's lead role won't last long once Alex Ovechkin returns from his VIDOC suspension and takes on a lead role alongside Zdeno Chara. And Schultz could use some more minutes with an extra skater. Here, the former Penguin/Oiler is expected to have a rebound season after last year's Pittsburgh campaign, which was marked by injuries. Schultz should be playing in the deepest leagues in the world.
See also : John Klingberg, Dallas Stars; Justin Falk, St. John's, St. Louis. Louis Blues.
Seth Jones, Columbus Blue Jackets (94.8%): An urgent question is that he no longer plays for the Bluejackets. That role was recently assumed by defensive partner Zach Werenski. Besides, we don't make much money in Columbus. While there is no doubt that Jones – one of the best defenders in the league – will always play plenty of minutes and play a leading role, the fantastic managers in the scoring leagues may want to temper their expectations until the 26-year-old comes out of his early-season slump.
Rasmus Dahlin, Buffalo Sabres (88.4%) : It was not a good start for the 20-year-old defender. A pass and a minus seven in seven games is not enough after last year's remarkable campaign and his previous performance as a rookie. Dahlin is frustrated and is swimming in defense. He only played 10 minutes against the Capitals a few days ago. Until the young blueliner cracks – and he will – Dahlin deserves to be sidelined, given the other options.
Watch live (and time-shifted) NHL games every night this season on ESPN+. Click here to see the upcoming program and how to register.
Tyson Barry, Edmonton Oilers (81.1%) : Fans of the Toronto Maple Leafs have to wonder if this wasn't an unnecessary pressure on their market after all. After failing to score a point in the five-point game, Barry was recently dropped from the Oilers' roster and replaced by Darnell Nurse. On Tuesday, he lost to Winnipeg 6-4 in just 14 minutes. I'll keep him on the bench until he shows signs of going with his second new team in as many years.
Ryan Graves, Colorado Avalanche (79.0%) : He is not the same player for 2019-20 – coach Jared Bednar himself has stated this publicly. Graves is only a help to a good one, who has already made a part as a healthy scratch. He played just 15 minutes in Colorado's 7-3 victory over the Sharks on Tuesday. The 25-year-old, who led the Championship last season with over 40 goals, is currently part of a team with a goal differential of over 7. Perhaps the biggest fantasy of this new campaign, Graves could soon be on many lists with good reason.
Tony DeAngelo, New York Rangers (56.5%): The lockout last week was not the warning DeAngelo had hoped for from the Rangers. In the three games in which DeAngelo played like a healthy zero in two consecutive games, DeAngelo averaged zero points and a minus four rating in 18 minutes of ice time. There are better options on the New York Blue Line. Alongside Adam Fox and Jacob Trouba (24 hits) at the head of the Fantasy Journeyman, rookie K'Andre Miller also deserves attention in deeper leagues (Keeper Leagues). The rookie has one goal and one assist (plus three) in her last three games.
best nhl defenseman of all time, top nhl defensemen 2020, top 100 nhl defenseman, best nhl defenseman 2019, best defense in nhl 20, nhl defenseman scoring 2019 2020, best nhl forwards 2020, best defensive defenseman nhl
A Christmas Story Star Tells Sick Tale from the Set That Will Upset Your Stomach
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Great opportunity to build up to 3 homes on 1.03 Ac parcel in Lake Oswego. Approved from City to develop up to three lots. Beautiful park like setting w/ slope to maximize Lake Views and light. All 3 Lots have 3 easements. This highly sought after neighborhood w/ high MM$ value and is close to everything. A truly unique opportunity to develop or build your Dream Home.


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Long Vacant 150-Year-Old Sleeping Bear Inn to be Restored as B&B
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore/ Facebook
The historic Sleeping Bear Inn in Glenn Haven, built in the 1860s, and vacant since the mid-1970s, will once again host travelers.
MLive reports that Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore announced its intent to lease the the inn to the nonprofit Balancing Environment and Rehabilitation (BEAR) for restoration into a premier bed and breakfast lodge. BEAR is a nonprofit dedicated to keeping the history and heritage of Glen Haven, Michigan sustainable.
Originally built between 1865-1867, the Sleeping Bear Inn began as a frontier hotel for business travelers and local workers. It continued in operation through the the 1970s, serving as a tourist hotel.
According to a release, prior to finalizing the lease, the property will be appraised this year to determine fair market rent. BEAR will work closely with the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and the National Lakeshore and will "make substantial investments to rehabilitate the buildings which will involve extensive interior work, utility upgrades, and adding a fire suppression system in order to bring the building up to code.
Superintendent Scott Tucker said,
"We have been looking for someone willing to invest in the Inn, and we feel we have an excellent match with BEAR. The lease will preserve the two buildings and allow greater visitor experience in the historic Glen Haven Village."
According to MLive, the goal is to open the restored inn to the public sometime in 2022.
UP NEXT: Michigan Beach Resort For Sale for $1.2M
Source: Long Vacant 150-Year-Old Sleeping Bear Inn to be Restored as B&B
Filed Under: Sleeping Bear Inn


The Internet is built on targeted advertising. It's a known fact we rarely bring up, but it's been like this for many years. These websites that provide free information and other content – they all have tons of tracking systems, or cookies. These systems monitor your activity online to come up with a unique ad that will follow you wherever you go. Companies make money from targeted advertising. It's a gigantic business that generates billions of dollars every year. Some websites are open about it, some aren't. The truth is, it pays for almost everything people see on the Internet.
At WWDC, Apple announced something that could damage the traditionally accepted system. The next version of Safari – Apple's web browser – will come with a new anti-tracking tool. It will analyze and ultimately block any third-party ad trackers online. Apple reps call this tool a new way to 'protect your privacy'.
Around 30 percent of people who surf the web use Safari. That's why it's such a groundbreaking decision. iOS 9 already pulled off something like that, when it was released. Safari allowed people to block ads, which kind of raised concerns about the future of mobile browsing. This latest announcement is expected to make the same impact.
Before the browser is even released, companies are already trying to find a way to deal with the new rules. It's always been this way, says Marc Al-Hames, who develops a web browser Cliqz that focuses on privacy protection. He says, people always try to find ways to barricade themselves from trackers, and the ad-based industry is always looking to sidestep it.
To understand how crucial that is, we should look at how the new restrictions will work. The Safari browser has had some sort of cookie-blocker for years. Yet the default option previously allowed cookies from websites people use. The new software goes beyond that and aims to identify trackers now matter what. Sometimes, blocking cookies right away could break the functionality of a website. To avoid that, Safari allows cookies to be available for 24 hours after a visit. It also deletes everything older than 30 days.
The key difference here is between your 'trusted websites' and third-party cookies you stumble upon occasionally. If trackers come from a website you've browsed in the past 24 hours, almost nothing is going to change. Which is why popular web pages you visit daily will benefit from this new system. We are talking Facebook and Google – people visit them every day, often several times a day.
Where Safari will deal the most damage, is third-party systems which coordinate cookies in the background of thousands of websites, like Criteo or Adroll. By the way, Criteo's stock took a nosedive after the announcement.
Google and Facebook already dominate the online ad segment. Facebook is one of the best trackers of users' activities. People use it to access different websites like Twitter. The Like button is the best way to learn about your preferences. That's why coming up with the right ad is extremely easy.
Telecom businesses like Verizon and Comcast are serious competitors in the ad-targeting field too. They are already on the rise, thanks to recent changes in the telecom policy in the U.S. Both heavily rely on advertising tech in web media, and work in cooperation with other popular websites, like AOL.
The EU Commission recently proposed a policy that solidifies the distinction between first and third-party cookies. Google itself unveiled an 'ad filter' last week. Soon it might be impossible for smaller websites that rely on ads to survive, let alone compete with others.
Perhaps, Apple is trying to create a cleaner experience for users. But the ad industry has been working like that for too long to be ready to quickly deal with the consequences of anti-tracking policies.