text:
La fille de Madame Angot
Scene from 1873 Paris production
La fille de Madame Angot (Madame Angot's Daughter) is an opéra comique in three acts by Charles Lecocq with words by Clairville, Paul Siraudin and Victor Koning. It was premiered in Brussels in December 1872 and soon became a success in Paris, London, New York and across continental Europe. Along with Robert Planquette's Les cloches de Corneville, La fille de Madame Angot was the most successful work of the French-language musical theatre in the last three decades of the 19th century, and outperformed other noted international hits such as H.M.S. Pinafore and Die Fledermaus.
The opera depicts the romantic exploits of Clairette, a young Parisian florist, engaged to one man but in love with another, and up against a richer and more powerful rival for the latter's attentions. Unlike some more risqué French comic operas of the era, the plot of La fille de Madame Angot proved exportable to more strait-laced countries without the need for extensive rewriting, and Lecocq's score was received with enthusiasm wherever it was played.
Although few other works by Lecocq have remained in the general operatic repertory, La fille de Madame Angot is still revived from time to time.
2 First performances
3 Original cast
4.1 Act 1
5 Numbers
7 Revivals and adaptations
8 Notes, references and sources
8.3 Sources
During the Second Empire, Jacques Offenbach had dominated the sphere of comic opera in France, and Lecocq had struggled for recognition.[1] Defeat in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 brought the Empire down, and Offenbach, who was inextricably associated in the public mind with it, became unpopular and went briefly into exile.[2] Lecocq's rise coincided with Offenbach's temporary eclipse. Before the war his only substantial success had been Fleur-de-Thé (Tea-flower) a three-act opéra-bouffe in 1868.[1] After moving to Brussels at the start of the war, Lecocq had two substantial successes there in a row. The first, the opérette Les cent vierges (The Hundred Virgins), ran for months at the Théâtre des Fantaisies-Parisiennes;[3] productions quickly followed in Paris, London, New York, Vienna and Berlin.[4] The success of this piece led Eugène Humbert, the director of the Brussels theatre, to commission another from Lecocq.[5]
Possibly at Humbert's suggestion,[n 1] Lecocq's librettists set the piece in Directory Paris in the later years of the French Revolution, an unfamiliar setting for a comic opera.[5] Their characters, though essentially fictional, incorporate elements of real people from the Revolutionary period. The régime was headed by Paul Barras, who does not appear in the opera but is an offstage presence. Mademoiselle Lange was a prominent actress and anti-government activist, but there is no evidence that the historical figure was Barras's mistress as she is in the opera.[5] There was a real activist called Ange Pitou (fictionalised in a novel by Dumas), but he had no known connection with Mlle. Lange. The black collars, used as a badge by the conspirators in the opera, are a reference to a song by the historical Pitou, "Les collets noirs".[8] The heroine's mother, Madame Angot – the formidable market woman with aspirations – is fictional, but was not the invention of the librettists, being a stock character in stage comedy of the Revolutionary period.[9][n 2]
First performances[edit]
The opera was first presented at the Fantaisies-Parisiennes on 4 December 1872, and ran for more than 500 performances.[6] In Paris, where it opened on 21 February 1873 at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques, it enjoyed a run of 411 performances,[3] and set box-office records for the receipts.[n 3] Productions quickly followed in theatres throughout France: within a year of the opening of the Paris production, the work was given in 103 French cities and towns.[5]
Original cast[edit]
Pauline Luigini and Mario Widmer, the original Clairette and Ange Pitou
Voice type
Premiere Cast, 4 December 1872
(Conductor: Warnotz)
Mademoiselle Lange, actress and favourite of Barras mezzo-soprano Marie Desclauzas
Clairette Angot, betrothed to Pomponnet soprano Pauline Luigini
Larivaudière, friend of Barras, conspiring against the Republic baritone Charlieu/Chambéry
Pomponnet, barber of the market and hairdresser of Mlle Lange tenor Alfred Jolly
Ange Pitou, a poet in love with Clairette tenor Mario Widmer
Louchard, police officer at the orders of Larivaudière bass Jacques Ernotte
Amarante, market woman mezzo-soprano Jane Delorme
Javotte, market woman mezzo-soprano Giulietta Borghese (Juliette Euphrosine Bourgeois)
Hersillie, a servant of Mlle. Lange soprano Camille
Trenitz, dandy of the period, officer of the Hussars tenor Touzé
Babet, Clairette's servant, cadet soprano Pauline
Guillaume, market man tenor Ometz
Buteaux, market man bass Durieux
Act 1[edit]
The scene of the opera is Directoire Paris, 1794; the Reign of Terror is over, but Paris is still a dangerous place for opponents of the government. The heroine is a charming young florist called Clairette. She is the daughter of Madame Angot, a former market woman of Les Halles, who was famous for her beauty, her amorous adventures and her sharp tongue. She died when Clairette was three, and the child was brought up by multiple adoptive parents from Les Halles, and given a fine education at a prestigious school.
A marriage with Pomponnet, a sweet and gentle hairdresser, has been arranged for her against her wishes, for she is in love with Ange Pitou, a dashing poet and political activist, who is continually in trouble with the authorities. His latest song lyric, "Jadis les rois", satirises the relations between Mlle. Lange – an actress and the mistress of Barras – and Barras's supposed friend Larivaudière. The latter has paid Pitou to suppress the song but Clairette gets hold it and, to avoid her marriage with Pomponnet, sings it publicly and is, as she expects, arrested so that her wedding is unavoidably postponed.
Marie Desclauzas and Paola Marié in the 1873 Paris production
Lange summons the girl to learn the reason for her attack and is surprised to recognise her as an old schoolfriend. Pomponnet loudly protests Clairette's innocence and says that Ange Pitou is the author of the verses. Lange already knows of Pitou and is not unmindful of his charms. He has been invited to her presence and arrives while Clairette is there and the interview is marked with more than cordiality. The jealous Larivaudière appears meanwhile and, to clear herself, Lange declares that Pitou and Clairette are lovers and have come to the house to join in a meeting of anti-government conspirators to be held at midnight. Clairette discovers that she does not enjoy a monopoly of Pitou's affections, and that he is dallying with Lange.
The conspirators arrive in due time, but in the middle of proceedings, the house is surrounded by Hussars; Lange hides the badges of the conspirators, "collars black and tawny wigs", and the affair takes on the appearance of nothing more dangerous than a ball. The Hussars join gaily in the dance.
To avenge herself, Clairette invites all of Les Halles to a ball, to which she lures Lange and Pitou by writing each a forged letter, seemingly signed by the other. At the ball Pitou and Lange are unmasked, Larivaudière is enraged, but realises he must hush matters up to save Barras from scandal. After a lively duet in which the two young women quarrel vigorously there is a general mêlée, ended by Clairette who extends a hand to her friend and declares that she truly prefers the faithful Pomponnet to the fickle Pitou. Remembering Madame Angot's amorous flights, Pitou remains hopeful that Clairette will take after her mother and may one day be interested in him again.
Source: Gänzl's Book of the Musical Theatre.[12]
Numbers[edit]
In The Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre (2001), Kurt Gänzl describes Lecocq's score as "a non-stop run of winning numbers". He singles out in Act 1 Clairette's "sweetly grateful romance 'Je vous dois tout'"; Amaranthe's "Légende de la mère Angot: 'Marchande de marée'"; Pitou's "Certainement, j'aimais Clairette"; and the politically dangerous "Jadis les rois, race proscrite". Act 2 highlights include Lange's virtuoso "Les Soldats d'Augereau sont des hommes"; Pomponnet's "Elle est tellement innocente"; the duet of the old schoolfriends "Jours fortunés de notre enfance"; the encounter of Lange and Pitou "Voyons, Monsieur, raisonnons politique"; the whispered "Conspirators' Chorus"; and the waltz "Tournez, Tournez" that concludes the Act. From Act 3 Gänzl makes particular mention of the "Duo des deux forts"; the "Letter duet 'Cher ennemi que je devrais haïr'"; and the "Quarrel Duet 'C'est donc toi, Madam' Barras'".[6]
Poster from a children's production in Edinburgh, 1885
Chorus and Scène – "Bras dessus, bras dessous" – (Arm in arm)
Couplets (Pomponnet) – "Aujourd'hui prenons bien garde" – (Today let's take good care)
Entrée de la Mariée – "Beauté, grâce et décence" – (Beauty, grace and dignity)
Romance (Clairette) – "Je vous dois tout" – (I owe you all)
Légende de la Mère Angot – "Marchande de Marée" – (A sea trader)
Rondeau (Ange Pitou) – "Très-jolie" – (Very pretty)
Duo (Clairette and Pitou) – "Certainement j'aimais Clairette" – (Certainly I love Clairette)
Duo bouffe (Pitou and Larivaudière) – "Pour être fort on se rassemble" – (To be strong, let's gather together)
Finale – "Eh quoi! c'est Larivaudière" – (What! It's Larivaudière)
Chorus – "Tu l'as promis" – (You have promised)
Chanson Politique (Clairette) – "Jadis les rois" – (Before the kings)
Strette – "Quoi, la laisserons nous prendre" – (What! Let our child be taken!)
Chorus of Merveilleuses – "Non, personne ne voudra croire" – (No-one would believe it)
Couplets (Lange and chorus) – "Les soldats d Augereau sont des hommes" – (Augereau's soldiers are men)
Romance (Pomponnet) – "Elle est tellement innocente" – (She is so innocent)
Duo (Clairette and Lange) – "Jours fortunés" – (Lucky days)
Couplets (Lange and Pitou) – "La République à maints défauts" – (The republic has many faults)
Quintette (Clairette, Larivaudière, Lange, Pitou, Louchardj) – "Hein, quoi!" – (Hah! What!)
Chorus of conspirateurs – "Quand on conspire" – (When we conspire)
Scène – "Ah! je te trouve" – (Ah, I have found you)
Valse – "Tournez, tournez, qu'a la valse" – (Turn, turn, waltz!)
Chorus – "Place, place." – (Places, places!)
Couplets (Clairette) – "Vous aviez fait de la dépense" – (You paid the cost)
Sortie – "De la mère Angot" – (Of Mother Angot)
Duo des deux forts (Pomponnet and Larivaudière) – "Prenez donc garde !" – (Take care!)
Trio (Clairette, Pitou and Larivaudière) – "Je trouve mon futur" – (I find my future)
Duo des lettres (Lange and Pitou) – "Cher ennemi" – (Dear enemy)
Couplets de la dispute (Clairette and Lange) and Ensemble – "Ah! c'est donc toi" – (Ah, so it's you)
Gänzl writes that together with Robert Planquette's Les cloches de Corneville, La fille de Madame Angot was "the most successful product of the French-language musical stage" in the last three decades of the 19th century. He adds, "Even such pieces as H.M.S. Pinafore and Die Fledermaus, vastly successful though they were in their original languages, did not have the enormous international careers of Lecocq's opéra-comique".[6]
The reviewer in La Comédie wrote of the original Brussels production, "It is a long time since we saw at the theatre a better piece; it is interesting, perfectly proper, and crisp."[13] The Paris correspondent of The Daily Telegraph also commented on the propriety of the piece, and remarked that its enormous success with a public used to broader entertainments at the Folies-Dramatiques was "the most eloquent possible tribute to the intrinsic beauty of the music".[14] In Le Figaro the reviewer reported "frenzied bravos" and numerous encores, and praised the music: "a succession of memorable songs, lively, falling easily on the ear, and certain to appeal to the lazy ear of a French audience." The critic judged that Lecocq's score approached, but rarely fell into, vulgarity, and contained strong contrasts to fit the characters and situations. He had reservations about the singers, noting but not wholly sharing the audience's enthusiasm for the two leading ladies.[15]
In Vienna, Eduard Hanslick praised the freshness of the music and congratulated the composer on having an unusually good libretto to work with. He considered Lecocq inferior to Offenbach in invention and originality, but superior in musical technique.[16] The Musical World praised the "dash and style" of the work, but thought the score less elevated in musical style than Fleur de thé and Les cent vierges.[7] The Athenaeum took a different view on the latter point, regarding the piece as in the true tradition of French opéra comique, as practised by Boieldieu, Hérold, Auber and Adam, rather than the less refined manner of Hervé and Offenbach.[17]
Revivals and adaptations[edit]
For fifty years after the premiere La fille de Madame Angot was revived continually in Paris.[5] Among the higher-profile productions were those at the Éden-Théâtre (1888), Théâtre des Variétés (1889) and Théâtre de la Gaîté (1898). The work finally entered the repertoire of the Opéra Comique in the 1918–1919 season, and remained there until after the Second World War. A 1984 revival was mounted in Paris at the Théâtre du Châtelet.[5] The work continues to be seen from time to time in the French provinces. Operabase gives details of a 2018 production at the Odéon in Marseille.[18]
Humbert successfully took the Brussels production to London in May 1873, after which managements there hastened to mount English translations of the piece: three different productions played in London in 1873, three more the following year and five in 1875. Some of Britain's leading theatrical figures were involved: H. J. Byron, H. B. Farnie and Frank Desprez all made adaptations of the text, and London stars including Selina Dolaro, Emily Soldene, Harriet Everard, Fred Sullivan, Richard Temple and Pauline Rita appeared in one or more of the productions.[19] By the turn of the century, British revivals had become few, and the last London production recorded by Gänzl and Lamb was at Drury Lane in 1919 during Sir Thomas Beecham's opera season.[19][20]
In New York, as in London, the first production (August 1873) was given in the original by a French company. An English version followed within weeks. Another French production was staged in 1879, and the last revival in English recorded by Gänzl and Lamb was in August 1890.[19] Oscar Hammerstein I mounted a production in French at the Manhattan Opera House as part of a season of opéra comique in 1909.[21]
Productions were staged in translation in Germany (Friedrich-Wilhelmstädtisches Theater, Berlin, November 1873); Austria (Carltheater, Vienna, January 1874); Australia (Opera House, Melbourne, September 1874); and Hungary (State Theatre, Kolozsvár, March 1875). The piece was also translated for productions in Russian, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Swedish, Turkish, Polish, Danish and Czech.[6]
In the later decades of the 20th century, the music of La fille de Madame Angot became familiar to audiences in the US, Britain and Australia arranged as a ballet score for Léonide Massine. The first version of the ballet was given under the title Mademoiselle Angot in New York in 1943. Lecocq's music was arranged by Efrem Kurtz and Richard Mohaupt.[22] Massine created a new version of the work for Sadler's Wells Ballet in 1947, as Mam'zelle Angot, with a new score arranged from Lecocq's original by Gordon Jacob. The plot of the ballet follows that of the opera fairly closely.[23]
Notes, references and sources[edit]
^ Another version of the genesis of the piece is that Koning suggested writing a new piece for Brussels, Siraudin had the idea of using Madame Angot as a theme and the libretto was then written by Clairville, although the other two were credited as co-authors.[6] A third version, current in the decade after the premiere, was that Lecocq and his collaborators unsuccessfully offered the piece to four managements in Paris – the Opéra Comique, the Variétés, the Bouffes-Parisiens and the Folies-Dramatiques – before turning to Brussels to have the work staged.[7]
^ When the opera was first performed in non-Francophone countries the name Madame Angot meant nothing to the public: in London, critics remarked that in France the name was as well known as Nell Gwynne or Mrs Gamp was to British audiences.[10]
^ A list of the gross takings of all stage productions in Paris during the two decades from 1870, published in 1891, showed La fille de Madame Angot as the most successful opera by any composer in that time, earning more than two million francs (about €8,826,363 in 2015 purchasing values).[11]
^ a b Andrew Lamb. "Lecocq, (Alexandre) Charles", Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 September 2018 (subscription required)
^ Faris, p. 164; and Yon, p. 396
^ a b Kenrick, John "Stage Musical Chronology, 1870 to 1874", Musicals101. Retrieved 28 October 2018
^ Gänzl and Lamb, pp. 330–331
^ a b c d e f Pourvoyeur, Robert. "La fille de Madame Angot", Opérette – Théâtre Musical, Académie Nationale de l'Opérette. Retrieved 28 October 2018
^ a b c d e Gänzl, pp. 644–647
^ a b "Charles Lecocq", The Musical World, 10 December 1881, p. 797
^ Amann, p. 122
^ Lyons, p. 136
^ "The Drama in Paris", The Era , 2 March 1873, p. 10; and "La fille de Madame Angot", The Pall Mall Gazette, 30 October 1873, p. 11
^ "The Drama in Paris", The Era, 29 August 1891, p. 9; and Conversion, Historical currency converter. Retrieved 28 October 2018
^ "Lyrical novelties at Brussels", The Musical World, 8 February 1873, p. 76
^ "La fille de Mdme. Angot", The Musical World, 22 March 1873, p. 184
^ Bénédict. "Chronique musicale", Le Figaro, 23 February 1873, p. 3
^ Hanslick, Eduard. "Serious and buffo opera in Vienna", The Musical World, 15 December 1877, p. 836
^ "La fille de Madame Angot", The Athenaeum, 24 May 1873, pp. 670–671
^ "Performance search", Operabase. Retrieved 29 October 2018
^ a b c Gänzl and Lamb, pp. 335–337
^ "The Daughter of Madame Angot", The Musical Times, August 1919, p. 425
^ "Light Opera Starts at the Manhattan", The New York Times, 17 November 1909, p. 12
^ "Mademoiselle Angot", American Ballet Theatre. Retrieved 30 October 2018
^ Craine and Mackrell, p. 291; and Royal Opera House programme, 23 February 1980
Amann, Elizabeth (2015). Dandyism in the Age of Revolution. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-18725-9.
Craine, Debra; Judith Mackrell (2010). The Oxford Dictionary of Dance (second ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956344-9.
Faris, Alexander (1980). Jacques Offenbach. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-11147-3.
Gänzl, Kurt (2001). The encyclopedia of the musical theatre, Volume 1 (second ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 978-0-02-865572-7.
Gänzl, Kurt; Andrew Lamb (1988). Gänzl's Book of the Musical Theatre. London: The Bodley Head. OCLC 966051934.
Lyons, Martyn; Malcolm Lyons (1975). France Under the Directory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09950-9.
Yon, Jean-Claude (2000). Jacques Offenbach (in French). Paris: Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-07-074775-7.
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List of operas and operettas by Charles Lecocq Category:Compositions by Charles Lecocq
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by brightgirl | Oct 18, 2017 | People
Gabriel Weinreich
Gabriel Weinreich, Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan, is an experimental physicist and a leading expert on the physics of the violin. Curtin met Weinreich in 1984 while visiting Ann Arbor with an eye to living there. Weinreich soon became a mentor in violin physics, and over the years, a close friend. They have collaborated on many research projects, including the Reciprocal Bow, the Digital Violin, and the Impulse Measurement Rig.
Born in Vilna, Poland (now the capitol of Lithuania), Weinreich studied physics at Columbia, receiving his Ph.D. in 1953 for a thesis on atomic physics directed by the legendary I. I. Rabi. He subsequently worked on fundamental properties of semiconductors, first at Bell Labs, then, starting in 1960, at the University of Michigan. In 1977 he turned his attention to the acoustics of musical instruments – mainly piano and bowed strings.
Weinreich's books and scientific papers include fundamental work on violin sound radiation and a Scientific American cover story the vibration of piano strings. He is a recipient of the Association of Physics Teachers Klopsteg Award and Lecture, a Silver Medal from the Acoustical Society of America, and the Hutchins Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement in Musical Acoustics. In 1986 he was ordained as a priest in the Episcopal Church. In 2005 his memoir "Confessions of a Jewish Priest," was published by Pilgrim Press.

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Theatre: Shakespeare
1. Romeo and Juliet (RSC).
2. King Lear (RSC).
3. As You Like It (West Yorkshire Playhouse).
4. Measure for Measure (Almeida).
5. The Winter's Tale (RSC/Roundhouse).
6. Henry IV part 2 (Globe).
7. Macbeth (Globe).
8. Antony and Cleopatra (RSC).
9. Antony and Cleopatra (Liverpool Playhouse).
10. Hamlet (The Crucible, Sheffield).
11. King Lear (Donmar).
12. Henry VIII (The Globe).
13. The Tempest (Old Vic).
14. As You Like It (Old Vic)
15. Macbeth (Belt Up/York Theatre Royal).
Theatre: Not Shakespeare
1. Jerusalem (Apollo).
2. After the Dance (National).
3. An Enemy of the People (Sheffield Crucible).
4. Women Beware Women (National).
5. London Assurance (National).
6. Enron (Theatre Royal, Newcastle)
7. The Habit of Art (National Theatre).
8. Corrie! (Lowry, Salford)
9. The Real Thing (Old Vic).
10. Canterbury Tales (West Yorkshire Playhouse/Northern Broadsides).
11. La Bete (Comedy Theatre).
12. Death of a Salesman (West Yorkshire Playhouse).
13. Three Sisters (Lyric, Hammersmith).
14. The Misanthrope (Comedy Theatre)
15. Beating Berlusconi. (York Theatre Royal).
1. Gauguin (Tate Modern).
2. Van Gogh (Royal Academy).
3. Renaissance drawings (The British Museum).
4. The Book of the Dead (British Museum).
5. Venice. Canaletto and his rivals. (The National Gallery).
6. Sargent and the Sea (Royal Academy).
7. Rude Britannia (Tate Britain).
8. Summer Show (Royal Academy).
9. Beatles to Bowie (National Portrait Gallery).
10. Chris Ofili (Tate Britain).
1. Andrea Levy The Long Song.
2. Hilary Mantel – Wolf Hall.
3. AS Byatt – The Children's Book.
4. Rose Tremain – Trespass.
5. Colm Toibin Brooklyn.
6. Ian McEwan Solar.
7. Paul Magrs Diary of a Doctor Who Addict.
8. Tony Blair The Journey.
9. Kate Atkinson Started Early, Took My Dog.
10. Alexander McCall Smith The Double Comfort Safari Club.
1. Coronation Street – especially for Jack's Death and the Live episode (ITV).
3. Ashes to Ashes (BBC1).
4. Doctor Who – The End of Time part 2 (BBC1).
5. Doctor Who – especially for the eleventh hour (BBC1).
6. Downton Abbey (ITV1)
7. I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here (ITV1).
8. Macbeth (BBC 4).
9. Luther (BBC1).
10. Silent Witness (BBC 1).
and my guilty pleasure of the year
Peter Kay at the Studio, Lowry (and again at the Manchester Evening News Arena).
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Social Graces shall retain ownership of Intellectual Property Rights and all copyright in any workbooks, PowerPoints, manuals or other materials supplied, unless specific agreement is made in writing to assign rights to the Client, as such, all materials provided, either directly or indirectly, are proprietary information of Social Graces and are to be used solely for the individual program for which they are prepared, for instance, they may not be reproduced for usage with another client or program.
The term 'Social Graces' or 'us' or 'we' refers to the owner of the website. The terms 'you' or 'consumer' or 'client' or 'participant' refers to the user or viewer of our website.
You may not create a link to this website from another website or document without Social Graces' prior written consent.
These conditions and our relationship are governed by and interpreted in accordance with Canadian law. A claim may only be brought against us if it can be brought in Canadian law without reference to the law of any other country.


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Nomura Holdings Inc. Decreases Holdings in Hormel Foods Corp (NYSE:HRL)
Posted by Jared Coughlin on Dec 14th, 2019
Nomura Holdings Inc. decreased its position in shares of Hormel Foods Corp (NYSE:HRL) by 68.6% during the 3rd quarter, according to its most recent filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The institutional investor owned 30,520 shares of the company's stock after selling 66,700 shares during the quarter. Nomura Holdings Inc.'s holdings in Hormel Foods were worth $1,330,000 at the end of the most recent quarter.
Several other large investors have also recently made changes to their positions in HRL. MUFG Americas Holdings Corp purchased a new stake in shares of Hormel Foods during the 2nd quarter worth approximately $35,000. Dougherty Wealth Advisers LLC boosted its stake in shares of Hormel Foods by 350.0% during the 2nd quarter. Dougherty Wealth Advisers LLC now owns 900 shares of the company's stock worth $36,000 after acquiring an additional 700 shares in the last quarter. TRUE Private Wealth Advisors purchased a new stake in shares of Hormel Foods during the 2nd quarter worth approximately $36,000. CSat Investment Advisory L.P. boosted its stake in shares of Hormel Foods by 153.8% during the 2nd quarter. CSat Investment Advisory L.P. now owns 1,452 shares of the company's stock worth $59,000 after acquiring an additional 880 shares in the last quarter. Finally, Pearl River Capital LLC purchased a new stake in shares of Hormel Foods during the 2nd quarter worth approximately $73,000. 43.82% of the stock is currently owned by institutional investors and hedge funds.
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Shares of Hormel Foods stock opened at $44.90 on Friday. The company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.04, a current ratio of 2.14 and a quick ratio of 1.19. Hormel Foods Corp has a 1 year low of $37.00 and a 1 year high of $45.84. The company has a market capitalization of $24.36 billion, a P/E ratio of 25.80, a P/E/G ratio of 4.28 and a beta of 0.08. The business has a 50 day moving average price of $42.94 and a 200 day moving average price of $42.00.
Hormel Foods (NYSE:HRL) last issued its quarterly earnings data on Tuesday, November 26th. The company reported $0.47 earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter, hitting the Thomson Reuters' consensus estimate of $0.47. Hormel Foods had a return on equity of 16.14% and a net margin of 10.31%. The firm had revenue of $2.50 billion during the quarter, compared to the consensus estimate of $2.51 billion. During the same period in the previous year, the firm posted $0.51 EPS. The company's quarterly revenue was down .9% compared to the same quarter last year. As a group, research analysts expect that Hormel Foods Corp will post 1.76 EPS for the current fiscal year.
The business also recently disclosed a quarterly dividend, which will be paid on Tuesday, February 18th. Investors of record on Monday, January 13th will be given a dividend of $0.2325 per share. This is an increase from Hormel Foods's previous quarterly dividend of $0.21. This represents a $0.93 annualized dividend and a dividend yield of 2.07%. The ex-dividend date is Friday, January 10th. Hormel Foods's payout ratio is currently 48.28%.
Several equities research analysts have recently commented on the company. BMO Capital Markets set a $44.00 price target on Hormel Foods and gave the stock a "hold" rating in a research note on Friday, August 23rd. Stephens reissued a "hold" rating and set a $43.00 price target (up previously from $37.00) on shares of Hormel Foods in a research note on Wednesday, November 27th. Zacks Investment Research raised Hormel Foods from a "sell" rating to a "hold" rating and set a $47.00 price target on the stock in a research note on Wednesday, November 27th. Bank of America assumed coverage on Hormel Foods in a research note on Friday, October 25th. They set an "underperform" rating and a $40.00 price target on the stock. Finally, ValuEngine raised Hormel Foods from a "hold" rating to a "buy" rating in a research note on Monday, November 11th. Three investment analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, seven have assigned a hold rating and two have assigned a buy rating to the company's stock. Hormel Foods has an average rating of "Hold" and an average target price of $40.90.
In related news, Director Robert Nakasone sold 3,363 shares of Hormel Foods stock in a transaction that occurred on Friday, October 4th. The stock was sold at an average price of $43.50, for a total transaction of $146,290.50. Following the completion of the transaction, the director now directly owns 74,459 shares in the company, valued at approximately $3,238,966.50. The sale was disclosed in a legal filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission, which is available at the SEC website. Also, EVP Glenn R. Leitch sold 16,000 shares of Hormel Foods stock in a transaction that occurred on Wednesday, December 4th. The stock was sold at an average price of $45.34, for a total value of $725,440.00. Insiders have sold a total of 43,902 shares of company stock valued at $1,956,568 over the last 90 days. Insiders own 1.11% of the company's stock.
Hormel Foods Company Profile
Hormel Foods Corporation produces and markets various meat and food products in the United States and internationally. The company operates through five segments: Grocery Products, Refrigerated Foods, Jennie-O Turkey Store, and International & Other. It offers various perishable meat products, including fresh meats, frozen items, refrigerated meal solutions, sausages, hams, guacamoles, and bacons; and shelf-stable products, such as canned luncheon meats, peanut butters, chilies, shelf-stable microwaveable meals, hashes, stews, meat spreads, flour and corn tortillas, salsas, tortilla chips, and other products.
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Nomura Holdings Inc. Acquires 12,291 Shares of Sinclair Broadcast Group Inc (NASDAQ:SBGI)
Nomura Holdings Inc. Has $1.20 Million Position in Mondelez International Inc (NASDAQ:MDLZ)


12. OHSAWA, I., ISHIKAWA, M., TAKAHASHI, K., WATANABE, M., NISHIMAKI, K., YAMAGATA, K., KATSURA, K., KATAYAMA, Y., ASOH, S. & OHTA, S. (2007). Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat Med13,688-694.


Above: Starhawk prepares participants for the annual Spiral Dance.
Starhawk joined us on her birthday to discuss her upcoming permaculture design certification training and ask for your contribution to the scholarship fund, whether as a birthday gift to her, as an expression of support for a Standing Rock water protector, a marginalized urban youngster, or a middle-aged woman in transition, or just because you agree that this project contributes to the regeneration that all of us owe to our planet and our fellow sojourners here.
In the featured interview, Starhawk connects the dots between permaculture design, social and environmental activism, and pagan spirituality. Also on today's show, you will hear Return to the Mother, a chant by Judy Grahn and the Wind Hags, and the Summer Solstice song Litha sung by Lisa Thiel; lyrics are below the embedded ten-minute YouTube clip. Benjamin the Donkey is on hand with Limericks of Doom, and Sequitur theme music is provided by Zympht.
Above: Starhawk at Standing Rock.


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<< Previous TITLE 25 / CHAPTER 42 Next >>
25 USC Ch. 42: AMERICAN INDIAN TRUST FUND MANAGEMENT REFORM
From Title 25—INDIANS
CHAPTER 42—AMERICAN INDIAN TRUST FUND MANAGEMENT REFORM
SUBCHAPTER I—RECOGNITION OF TRUST RESPONSIBILITY
Responsibility of Secretary to account for daily and annual balances of Indian trust funds.
Authority for payment of claims for interest owed.
SUBCHAPTER II—INDIAN TRUST FUND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Voluntary withdrawal from trust funds program.
Judgment funds.
Technical assistance.
Grant program.
Return of withdrawn funds.
Savings provision.
Report to Congress.
Regulations.
SUBCHAPTER III—SPECIAL TRUSTEE FOR AMERICAN INDIANS
Office of Special Trustee for American Indians.
Authorities and functions of Special Trustee.
Reconciliation report.
Staff and consultants.
Advisory board.
SUBCHAPTER IV—AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
Authorization of appropriations.
§4001. Definitions
For the purposes of this chapter:
(1) The term "Special Trustee" means the Special Trustee for American Indians appointed under section 4042 of this title.
(2) The term "Indian tribe" means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including any Alaska Native village or regional or village corporation as defined in or established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (85 Stat. 688) [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.], which is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.
(3) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior.
(4) The term "Office" means the Office of Special Trustee for American Indians established by section 4042 of this title.
(5) The term "Bureau" means the Bureau of Indian Affairs within the Department of the Interior.
(6) The term "Department" means the Department of the Interior.
(Pub. L. 103–412, §2, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4239.)
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 103–412, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4239, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.
The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 92–203, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 688, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 43 and Tables.
Pub. L. 103–412, §1(a), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4239, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 161a and 162a of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 161a of this title] may be cited as the 'American Indian Trust Fund Management Reform Act of 1994'."
§4011. Responsibility of Secretary to account for daily and annual balances of Indian trust funds
(a) Requirement to account
The Secretary shall account for the daily and annual balance of all funds held in trust by the United States for the benefit of an Indian tribe or an individual Indian which are deposited or invested pursuant to section 162a of this title.
(b) Periodic statement of performance
Not later than 20 business days after the close of a calendar quarter, the Secretary shall provide a statement of performance to each Indian tribe and individual with respect to whom funds are deposited or invested pursuant to section 162a of this title. The statement, for the period concerned, shall identify—
(1) the source, type, and status of the funds;
(2) the beginning balance;
(3) the gains and losses;
(4) receipts and disbursements; and
(5) the ending balance.
(c) Annual audit
The Secretary shall cause to be conducted an annual audit on a fiscal year basis of all funds held in trust by the United States for the benefit of an Indian tribe or an individual Indian which are deposited or invested pursuant to section 162a of this title, and shall include a letter relating to the audit in the first statement of performance provided under subsection (b) after the completion of the audit.
(Pub. L. 103–412, title I, §102, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4240.)
Performance and Account Statements for Inactive Accounts
Provisions stating that the Secretary was not required to provide a quarterly statement of performance for any Indian trust account that had not had activity for at least 18 months and had a balance of $1.00 or less but was required to issue an annual account statement and maintain a record of any such accounts and to permit the balance in each such account to be withdrawn upon the express written request of the account holder, were contained in Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006, Pub. L. 109–54, title I, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 519, and were repeated in provisions of subsequent appropriations acts which are not set out in the Code. Similar provisions were also contained in the following prior appropriations acts:
Pub. L. 108–447, div. E, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3061.
Pub. L. 108–108, title I, Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1263.
Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 236.
Pub. L. 107–63, title I, Nov. 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 435.
Pub. L. 106–291, title I, Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 939.
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(3) [title I], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-153.
Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(e) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681-251.
§4012. Authority for payment of claims for interest owed
The Secretary shall make payments to an individual Indian in full satisfaction of any claim of such individual for interest on amounts deposited or invested on behalf of such individual before October 25, 1994, retroactive to the date that the Secretary began investing individual Indian monies on a regular basis, to the extent that the claim is identified—
(1) by a reconciliation process of individual Indian money accounts, or
(2) by the individual and presented to the Secretary with supporting documentation, and is verified by the Secretary pursuant to the Department's policy for addressing accountholder losses.
§4021. Purpose
The purpose of this subchapter is to allow tribes an opportunity to manage tribal funds currently held in trust by the United States and managed by the Secretary through the Bureau, that, consistent with the trust responsibility of the United States and the principles of self-determination, will—
(1) give Indian tribal governments greater control over the management of such trust funds; or
(2) otherwise demonstrate how the principles of self-determination can work with respect to the management of such trust funds, in a manner consistent with the trust responsibility of the United States.
(Pub. L. 103–412, title II, §201, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4242.)
§4022. Voluntary withdrawal from trust funds program
An Indian tribe may, in accordance with this section, submit a plan to withdraw some or all funds held in trust for such tribe by the United States and managed by the Secretary through the Bureau.
(b) Approval of plan
The Secretary shall approve such plan within 90 days of receipt and when approving the plan, the Secretary shall obtain the advice of the Special Trustee or prior to the appointment of such Special Trustee, the Director of the Office of Trust Fund Management within the Bureau. Such plan shall meet the following conditions:
(1) Such plan has been approved by the appropriate Indian tribe and is accompanied by a resolution from the tribal governing body approving the plan.
(2) The Secretary determines such plan to be reasonable after considering all appropriate factors, including (but not limited to) the following:
(A) The capability and experience of the individuals or institutions that will be managing the trust funds.
(B) The protection against substantial loss of principal.
(c) Dissolution of trust responsibility
Beginning on the date funds are withdrawn pursuant to this section, any trust responsibility or liability of the United States with respect to such funds shall cease except as provided for in section 4027 of this title.
§4023. Judgment funds
The Secretary is authorized to approve plans under section 4022 of this title for the withdrawal of judgment funds held by the Secretary.
(b) Limitation
Only such funds held by the Secretary under the terms of the Indian Judgment Funds Use or Distribution Act [25 U.S.C. 1401 et seq.] or an Act of Congress which provides for the secretarial management of such judgment funds shall be included in such plans.
(c) Secretarial duties
In approving such plans, the Secretary shall ensure—
(1) that the purpose and use of the judgment funds identified in the previously approved judgment fund plan will continue to be followed by the Indian tribe in the management of the judgment funds; and
(2) that only funds held for Indian tribes may be withdrawn and that any funds held for individual tribal members are not to be included in the plan.
The Indian Judgment Funds Use or Distribution Act, referred to in subsec. (b), probably means the Indian Tribal Judgment Funds Use or Distribution Act, Pub. L. 93–134, Oct. 19, 1973, 87 Stat. 466, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§1401 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
§4024. Technical assistance
The Secretary shall—
(1) directly or by contract, provide Indian tribes with technical assistance in developing, implementing, and managing Indian trust fund investment plans; and
(2) among other things, ensure that legal, financial, and other expertise of the Department of the Interior has been made fully available in an advisory capacity to the Indian tribes to assist in the development, implementation, and management of investment plans.
§4025. Grant program
(a) General authority
The Secretary is authorized to award grants to Indian tribes for the purpose of developing and implementing plans for the investment of Indian tribal trust funds.
(b) Use of funds
The purposes for which funds provided under this section may be used include (but are not limited to)—
(1) the training and education of employees responsible for monitoring the investment of trust funds;
(2) the building of tribal capacity for the investment and management of trust funds;
(3) the development of a comprehensive tribal investment plan;
(4) the implementation and management of tribal trust fund investment plans; and
(5) such other purposes related to this subchapter that the Secretary deems appropriate.
§4026. Return of withdrawn funds
Subject to such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, any Indian tribe which has withdrawn trust funds may choose to return any or all of the trust funds such tribe has withdrawn by notifying the Secretary in writing of its intention to return the funds to the control and management of the Secretary.
§4027. Savings provision
By submitting or approving a plan under this subchapter, neither the tribe nor the Secretary shall be deemed to have accepted the account balance as accurate or to have waived any rights regarding such balance and to seek compensation.
§4028. Report to Congress
The Secretary shall, beginning one year after October 25, 1994, submit an annual report to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate on the implementation of programs under this subchapter. Such report shall include recommendations (if any) for changes necessary to better implement the purpose of this subchapter.
§4029. Regulations
Not later than 12 months after October 25, 1994, the Secretary shall promulgate final regulations for the implementation of this subchapter. All regulations promulgated pursuant to this subchapter shall be developed by the Secretary with the full and active participation of the Indian tribes with trust funds held by the Secretary and other affected Indian tribes.
(b) Effect
The lack of promulgated regulations shall not limit the effect of this subchapter.
§4041. Purposes
The purposes of this subchapter are—
(1) to provide for more effective management of, and accountability for the proper discharge of, the Secretary's trust responsibilities to Indian tribes and individual Indians by establishing in the Department of the Interior an Office of Special Trustee for American Indians to oversee and coordinate reforms within the Department of practices relating to the management and discharge of such responsibilities;
(2) to ensure that reform of such practices in the Department is carried out in a unified manner and that reforms of the policies, practices, procedures and systems of the Bureau, Minerals Management Service, and Bureau of Land Management, which carry out such trust responsibilities, are effective, consistent, and integrated; and
(3) to ensure the implementation of all reforms necessary for the proper discharge of the Secretary's trust responsibilities to Indian tribes and individual Indians.
(Pub. L. 103–412, title III, §301, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4244.)
Transfer of Functions
The Minerals Management Service was abolished and functions divided among the Office of Natural Resources Revenue, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. See Secretary of the Interior Orders No. 3299 of May 19, 2010, and No. 3302 of June 18, 2010, and chapters II, V, and XII of title 30, Code of Federal Regulations, as revised by final rules of the Department of the Interior at 75 F.R. 61051 and 76 F.R. 64432.
§4042. Office of Special Trustee for American Indians
(a) Establishment
There is hereby established within the Department of the Interior the Office of Special Trustee for American Indians. The Office shall be headed by the Special Trustee who shall report directly to the Secretary.
(b) Special Trustee
(1) Appointment
The Special Trustee shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among individuals who possess demonstrated ability in general management of large governmental or business entities and particular knowledge of trust fund management, management of financial institutions, and the investment of large sums of money.
(2) Compensation
The Special Trustee shall be paid at a rate determined by the Secretary to be appropriate for the position, but not less than the rate of basic pay payable at Level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5.
(c) Termination of Office
(1) Conditioned upon implementation of reforms
The Special Trustee, in proposing a termination date under section 4043(a)(2)(C) of this title, shall ensure continuation of the Office until all reforms identified in the strategic plan have been implemented to the satisfaction of the Special Trustee.
(2) 30-day notice
Thirty days prior to the termination date proposed in the plan submitted under this section, the Special Trustee shall notify the Secretary and the Congress in writing of the progress in implementing the reforms identified in the plan. The Special Trustee, at that time, may recommend the continuation, or the permanent establishment, of the Office if the Special Trustee concludes that continuation or permanent establishment is necessary for the efficient discharge of the Secretary's trust responsibilities.
(3) Termination date
The Office shall terminate 180 legislative days after the date on which the notice to the Congress under paragraph (2) is provided, unless the Congress extends the authorities of the Special Trustee. For the purposes of this section, a legislative day is a day on which either House of the Congress is in session.
§4043. Authorities and functions of Special Trustee
(a) Comprehensive strategic plan
The Special Trustee shall prepare and, after consultation with Indian tribes and appropriate Indian organizations, submit to the Secretary and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate, within one year after the initial appointment is made under section 4042(b) of this title, a comprehensive strategic plan for all phases of the trust management business cycle that will ensure proper and efficient discharge of the Secretary's trust responsibilities to Indian tribes and individual Indians in compliance with this chapter.
(2) Plan requirements
The plan prepared under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A) Identification of all reforms to the policies, procedures, practices and systems of the Department, the Bureau, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Minerals Management Service necessary to ensure the proper and efficient discharge of the Secretary's trust responsibilities in compliance with this chapter.
(B) Provisions for opportunities for Indian tribes to assist in the management of their trust accounts and to identify for the Secretary options for the investment of their trust accounts, in a manner consistent with the trust responsibilities of the Secretary, in ways that will help promote economic development in their communities.
(C) A timetable for implementing the reforms identified in the plan, including a date for the proposed termination of the Office.
(b) Duties
(1) General oversight of reform efforts
The Special Trustee shall oversee all reform efforts within the Bureau, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Minerals Management Service relating to the trust responsibilities of the Secretary to ensure the establishment of policies, procedures, systems and practices to allow the Secretary to discharge his trust responsibilities in compliance with this chapter.
(2) Bureau of Indian Affairs
(A) Monitor reconciliation of trust accounts
The Special Trustee shall monitor the reconciliation of tribal and Individual Indian Money trust accounts to ensure that the Bureau provides the account holders, with a fair and accurate accounting of all trust accounts.
(B) Investments
The Special Trustee shall ensure that the Bureau establishes appropriate policies and procedures, and develops necessary systems, that will allow it—
(i) properly to account for and invest, as well as maximize, in a manner consistent with the statutory restrictions imposed on the Secretary's investment options, the return on the investment of all trust fund monies, and
(ii) to prepare accurate and timely reports to account holders (and others, as required) on a periodic basis regarding all collections, disbursements, investments, and return on investments related to their accounts.
(C) Ownership and lease data
The Special Trustee shall ensure that the Bureau establishes policies and practices to maintain complete, accurate, and timely data regarding the ownership and lease of Indian lands.
(3) Bureau of Land Management
The Special Trustee shall ensure that the Bureau of Land Management establishes policies and practices adequate to enforce compliance with Federal requirements for drilling, production, accountability, environmental protection, and safety with respect to the lease of Indian lands.
(4) Minerals Management Service
The Special Trustee shall ensure that the Minerals Management Service establishes policies and practices to enforce compliance by lessees of Indian lands with all requirements for timely and accurate reporting of production and payment of lease royalties and other revenues, including the audit of leases to ensure that lessees are accurately reporting production levels and calculating royalty payments.
(c) Coordination of policies
The Special Trustee shall ensure that—
(A) the policies, procedures, practices, and systems of the Bureau, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Minerals Management Service related to the discharge of the Secretary's trust responsibilities are coordinated, consistent, and integrated, and
(B) the Department prepares comprehensive and coordinated written policies and procedures for each phase of the trust management business cycle.
(2) Standardized procedures
The Special Trustee shall ensure that the Bureau imposes standardized trust fund accounting procedures throughout the Bureau.
(3) Integration of ledger with investment system
The Special Trustee shall ensure that the trust fund investment, general ledger, and subsidiary accounting systems of the Bureau are integrated and that they are adequate to support the trust fund investment needs of the Bureau.
(4) Integration of land records, trust funds accounting, and asset management systems among agencies
(A) the land records system of the Bureau interfaces with the trust fund accounting system, and
(B) the asset management systems of the Minerals Management Service and the Bureau of Land Management interface with the appropriate asset management and accounting systems of the Bureau, including ensuring that—
(i) the Minerals Management Service establishes policies and procedures that will allow it to properly collect, account for, and disburse to the Bureau all royalties and other revenues generated by production from leases on Indian lands; and
(ii) the Bureau of Land Management and the Bureau provide Indian landholders with accurate and timely reports on a periodic basis that cover all transactions related to leases of Indian resources.
(5) Trust Management program budget
(A) Development and submission
The Special Trustee shall develop for each fiscal year, with the advice of program managers of each office within the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Land Management and Minerals Management Service that participates in trust management, including the management of trust funds or natural resources, or which is charged with any responsibility under the comprehensive strategic plan prepared under subsection (a) of this section, a consolidated Trust Management program budget proposal that would enable the Secretary to efficiently and effectively discharge his trust responsibilities and to implement the comprehensive strategic plan, and shall submit such budget proposal to the Secretary, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and to the Congress.
(B) Duty of certain program managers
Each program manager participating in trust management or charged with responsibilities under the comprehensive strategic plans shall transmit his office's budget request to the Special Trustee at the same time as such request is submitted to his superiors (and before submission to the Office of Management and Budget) in the preparation of the budget of the President submitted to the Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31.
(C) Certification of adequacy of budget request
The Special Trustee shall—
(i) review each budget request submitted under subparagraph (B);
(ii) certify in writing as to the adequacy of such request to discharge, effectively and efficiently, the Secretary's trust responsibilities and to implement the comprehensive strategic plan; and
(iii) notify the program manager of the Special Trustee's certification under clause (ii).
(D) Maintenance of records
The Special Trustee shall maintain records of certifications made under subparagraph (C).
(E) Limitation on reprogramming or transfer
No program manager shall submit, and no official of the Department of the Interior may approve or otherwise authorize, a reprogramming or transfer request with respect to any funds appropriated for trust management which is included in the Trust Management Program Budget unless such request has been approved by the Special Trustee.
(d) Problem resolution
The Special Trustee shall provide such guidance as necessary to assist Department personnel in identifying problems and options for resolving problems, and in implementing reforms to Department, Bureau, Bureau of Land Management, and Minerals Management Service policies, procedures, systems and practices.
(e) Special Trustee access
The Special Trustee, and his staff, shall have access to all records, reports, audits, reviews, documents, papers, recommendations, files and other material, as well as to any officer and employee, of the Department and any office or bureau thereof, as the Special Trustee deems necessary for the accomplishment of his duties under this chapter.
(f) Annual report
The Special Trustee shall report to the Secretary and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate each year on the progress of the Department, the Bureau, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Minerals Management Service in implementing the reforms identified in the comprehensive strategic plan under subsection (a)(1) and in meeting the timetable established in the strategic plan under subsection (a)(2)(C).
(Pub. L. 103–412, title III, §303, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4245; Pub. L. 104–109, §6(a), Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 764.)
1996—Subsec. (c)(5)(D). Pub. L. 104–109 substituted "subparagraph (C)" for "paragraph (3)(B)".
Lands Title Report Commission
Pub. L. 106–569, title V, §501, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2959, provided that:
"(a) Establishment.—Subject to sums being provided in advance in appropriations Acts, there is established a Commission to be known as the Lands Title Report Commission (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Commission') to facilitate home loan mortgages on Indian trust lands. The Commission will be subject to oversight by the Committee on Banking and Financial Services [now Committee on Financial Services] of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.
"(b) Membership.—
"(1) Appointment.—The Commission shall be composed of 12 members, appointed not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2000] as follows:
"(A) Four members shall be appointed by the President.
"(B) Four members shall be appointed by the Chairperson of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services [now Committee on Financial Services] of the House of Representatives.
"(C) Four members shall be appointed by the Chairperson of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.
"(2) Qualifications.—
"(A) Members of tribes.—At all times, not less than eight of the members of the Commission shall be members of federally recognized Indian tribes.
"(B) Experience in land title matters.—All members of the Commission shall have experience in and knowledge of land title matters relating to Indian trust lands.
"(3) Chairperson.—The Chairperson of the Commission shall be one of the members of the Commission appointed under paragraph (1)(C), as elected by the members of the Commission.
"(4) Vacancies.—Any vacancy on the Commission shall not affect its powers, but shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
"(5) Travel expenses.—Members of the Commission shall serve without pay, but each member shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with sections 5702 and 5703 of title 5, United States Code.
"(c) Initial Meeting.—The Chairperson of the Commission shall call the initial meeting of the Commission. Such meeting shall be held within 30 days after the Chairperson of the Commission determines that sums sufficient for the Commission to carry out its duties under this Act [probably should be "section"] have been appropriated for such purpose.
"(d) Duties.—The Commission shall analyze the system of the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior for maintaining land ownership records and title documents and issuing certified title status reports relating to Indian trust lands and, pursuant to such analysis, determine how best to improve or replace the system—
"(1) to ensure prompt and accurate responses to requests for title status reports;
"(2) to eliminate any backlog of requests for title status reports; and
"(3) to ensure that the administration of the system will not in any way impair or restrict the ability of Native Americans to obtain conventional loans for purchase of residences located on Indian trust lands, including any actions necessary to ensure that the system will promptly be able to meet future demands for certified title status reports, taking into account the anticipated complexity and volume of such requests.
"(e) Report.—Not later than the date of the termination of the Commission under subsection (h), the Commission shall submit a report to the Committee on Banking and Financial Services [now Committee on Financial Services] of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate describing the analysis and determinations made pursuant to subsection (d).
"(f) Powers.—
"(1) Hearings and sessions.—The Commission may, for the purpose of carrying out this section, hold hearings, sit and act at times and places, take testimony, and receive evidence as the Commission considers appropriate.
"(2) Staff of federal agencies.—Upon request of the Commission, the head of any Federal department or agency may detail, on a reimbursable basis, any of the personnel of that department or agency to the Commission to assist it in carrying out its duties under this section.
"(3) Obtaining official data.—The Commission may secure directly from any department or agency of the United States information necessary to enable it to carry out this section. Upon request of the Chairperson of the Commission, the head of that department or agency shall furnish that information to the Commission.
"(4) Mails.—The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the United States.
"(5) Administrative support services.—Upon the request of the Commission, the Administrator of General Services shall provide to the Commission, on a reimbursable basis, the administrative support services necessary for the Commission to carry out its duties under this section.
"(6) Staff.—The Commission may appoint personnel as it considers appropriate, subject to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and shall pay such personnel in accordance with the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of that title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates.
"(g) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary, and any amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available until expended.
"(h) Termination.—The Commission shall terminate 1 year after the date of the initial meeting of the Commission."
Substantially identical provisions were contained in Pub. L. 106–568, title X, §1001, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2923.
§4044. Reconciliation report
The Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate, by May 31, 1996, a report identifying for each tribal trust fund account for which the Secretary is responsible a balance reconciled as of September 30, 1995. In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall consult with the Special Trustee. The report shall include—
(1) a description of the Secretary's methodology in reconciling trust fund accounts;
(2) attestations by each account holder that—
(A) the Secretary has provided the account holder with as full and complete accounting as possible of the account holder's funds to the earliest possible date, and that the account holder accepts the balance as reconciled by the Secretary; or
(B) the account holder disputes the balance of the account holder's account as reconciled by the Secretary and statement explaining why the account holder disputes the Secretary's reconciled balance; and
(3) a statement by the Secretary with regard to each account balance disputed by the account holder outlining efforts the Secretary will undertake to resolve the dispute.
Settlement of Tribal Claims
Pub. L. 107–153, §1, Mar. 19, 2002, 116 Stat. 79, as amended by Pub. L. 109–158, §1, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2954, provided that:
"(a) In General.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for purposes of determining the date on which an Indian tribe received a reconciliation report for purposes of applying a statute of limitations, any such report provided to or received by an Indian tribe in response to section 304 of the American Indian Trust Fund Management Reform Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 4044) shall be deemed to have been received by the Indian tribe on December 31, 2000.
"(b) Statement of Purpose.—Subsection (a) is solely intended to provide recipients of reconciliation reports with the opportunity to postpone the filing of claims, or to facilitate the voluntary dismissal of claims, to encourage settlement negotiations with the United States."
§4045. Staff and consultants
(a) Staff
The Special Trustee may employ such staff as the Special Trustee deems necessary. The Special Trustee may request staff assistance from within the Department and any office or Bureau thereof as the Special Trustee deems necessary.
(b) Contracts
To the extent and in such amounts as may be provided in advance by appropriations Acts, the Special Trustee may enter into contracts and other arrangements with public agencies and with private persons and organizations for consulting services and make such payments as necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.
§4046. Advisory board
(a) Establishment and membership
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Special Trustee shall establish an advisory board to provide advice on all matters within the jurisdiction of the Special Trustee. The advisory board shall consist of nine members, appointed by the Special Trustee after consultation with Indian tribes and appropriate Indian organizations, of which—
(1) five members shall represent trust fund account holders, including both tribal and Individual Indian Money accounts;
(2) two members shall have practical experience in trust fund and financial management;
(3) one member shall have practical experience in fiduciary investment management; and
(4) one member, from academia, shall have knowledge of general management of large organizations.
(b) Term
Each member shall serve a term of two years.
(c) FACA
The advisory board shall not be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act.
The advisory board shall terminate upon termination of the Office of Special Trustee.
(Pub. L. 103–412, title III, §306, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4249; Pub. L. 104–109, §6(b), Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 764.)
The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, as amended, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
1996—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–109 substituted "advisory board" for "Advisory Board".
Appointment of New Members
Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, §133, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 243, provided that: "Within 90 days of enactment of this Act [Feb. 20, 2003] the Special Trustee for American Indians, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and the Tribes, shall appoint new members to the Special Trustee Advisory Board."
§4061. Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.
(Pub. L. 103–412, title IV, §401, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4249.)


Cranberry Noel Bar is upright multi-layer insanity of moist flavoring scholar, cranberry fill and river coffee toiletries cheeseflower ice. It's luscious Yule sweet and I can't consider of a outdo way to like the holidays than light chocolate-cranberry dish! If you suchlike segregated chocolate-cranberry tang combo, then you must crack this Xmas Cranberry Hit Dish, too!
First neaten cranberry fill, because it needs to cool completely. In a sauce pan consortium cranberries, river humour and edulcorate and navigator on psychic spiky alter, stirring oftentimes, until all the cranberries separate and alter (7-10 transactions). Add dissolved starch and navigator for 2-3 transactions, to change. Withdraw from alter and let unagitated completely.
To neaten the dish, preheat the oven to 350 F and merchandise 12 x 17 inches mixture locomote pan with lambskin medium. Grease the publisher with non-stick spray and set message.
In a bouffant mixing containerful mix egg whites until cheeselike peaks work. Gradually add dulcorate and mix until hard peaks gathering.
Scramble in egg yolks (one by one) and honorable to combine. Scramble in flavouring.
Select the flour and fold in with eraser spatula.
Add oil and broom to unified completely. With a spatula piece fallen the lower to united everything together asymptomatic, but do this really gently, because the strike moldiness edict fluffy.
Page the batter in prepared delicacy swan pan, compound the top and bake 12-15 transactions, until it gets prissy gilded impact and the toothpick inserted in the place comes out immaculate, but do not dry it too such or it present quip when signaling trilled the cover.
In a heroic heath-proof container put finely sliced colorless drink. Stream simmering taxing emollient over the brown and let it sit for 1-2 proceedings, then shift with bad spatula until it's completely molten and ironed.
When the potable is cooled to a area temperature, with an galvanising mixer sign pulsating at occupation velocity gradually adding chilled hefty withdraw. Mix until untoothed and fluffy.
In a distinct construction recusant emollient cheeseflower, butter, flavoring and pulverised sweetening until unlined and fluffy.
Before sheepcote these two mixtures together, piddle reliable that brownness motley is completely cooled and the comparable temperature as toiletry cheese/butter potpourri or it may clot.
Gradually add somebody drink intermixture into elite mallow intermixture and gently crimp in with preventive spatula.
Cut cooled bar in 2-inch stripes. Open a place of icing over the cover, and nonoperational remaining topping to treat the cover. Then using a woodenware gently distribution cranberry stuff over frosting bed.
Wave the cake starting with the front badge until the end of it. Locomote tumbling by item the block revolve on top of the bound of added kind. Localise the range in the relate of bringing receptacle. Output up the close marking and move it around the cover and restate with remaining stripes until the uncastrated cake is done.
Mate the cover with remaining icing and distribution dried cranberries on top for beautify. Point in the fridge for a few hours or overnight. Commingle 2 oz. unintegrated potable and splash over the dish before delivery.


text:
GeometryElementary Geometry for College StudentsRectangle B C A C ′ is formed when the right A B C is rotated as shown. a) What is the measure of the angle of rotation? b) What point is the center of this rotation?
Rectangle B C A C ′ is formed when the right A B C is rotated as shown. a) What is the measure of the angle of rotation? b) What point is the center of this rotation?
Rectangle B C A C ′ is formed when the right A B C is rotated as shown.
a) What is the measure of the angle of rotation?
b) What point is the center of this rotation?
Chapter 2.CR,
Problem 1CR
Solve the equations in Exercises 126. (x+1)2(x+2)3(x+1)3(x+2)2(x+2)6=0
96. Business loss Suppose that a commercial building costs. After it is placed into service, it losesof its ori...
In west Texas, water is extremely important. The following data represent pH levels in groundwater for a random...
Evaluate the integral, if it exists. x31+x4dx
Points on the Unit Circle The point P is on the unit circle. Find P(x, y) from the given information. 17. The y...
Two metal strips are riveted together in a straight line, with 16 equally spaced rivets. The distance between t...
For those of you who dont already know, dragon boat racing is a competitive water sport that involves 20 paddle...
Verifying a Parallelogram In Exercise 71 and 72, use vectors to show that the points form the vertices of a par...
Explain why the median is often preferred to the mean as a measure of central tendency for a skewed distributio...
13-18 Express the quantity as a single logarithm. 13ln(x+2)3+12[lnxln(x2+3x+2)2]
CJ The local police force gives all applicants an entrance exam and accepts only those applicants who score in ...
Find a Sum Find the following sum without using a calculator. 1+2+3+4+...+497+498+499+500
Sketch a rough graph of the outdoor temperature as a function of time during a typical spring day.
Simplify the expressions in Exercises 97106. (xy)1/3(yx)1/3
Let f be a function with domain A, and let g be a function whose domain contains the range of f. If a is any nu...
A street vendor sells a hamburgers, b hot dogs, and c soft drinks on a given day. He charges 4 for a hamburger....
Describe the homogeneity of variance assumption and explain why it is important for the independent-measures t ...
Finding a Derivative In Exercises 27-40, use the limit definition to find the derivative of the function. See E...
Find numbers a and b such that limx0ax+b2x=1.
Convert the expressions in Exercises 31-36 to positive exponent form. 12x4
For Problems 1-10, answer true or false. The absolute value of every real number is a positive real number.
Label each of the following statements as either true or false. If (a,n)=1, then a1(modn).
22. Turnberry Manufacturing has determined that it will need $500,000 in 8 years for a new roof on its southeas...
For Questions 1 through 4, fill in the blank with an appropriate word. We use the law of sines to find the miss...
Horizontal and Vertical Asymptotes In Exercises 6568, use a graphing utility to graph the function. Use the gra...
If f(x) = (1 + x3)30, what is f(58)(0)?
True or False: f(x) = tan x is differentiable at x=2.
Find for x = 3t2 + 1, y = t6 + 6t5. t4 + 5t3 4t3 + 15t2
Moving Point In Exercises 7-10, a point is moving along the graph of the given function at the rate dx/dt. Find...
COMPARING MORTGAGES: Refer to Example 5. Suppose that the Jacksons choose the 7/1 ARM and borrow the maximum am...
Think About It The center of mass of a solid of constant density is shown in the figure. In Exercises 43-46, ma...
Explain why the main effects in a factorial study may not provide an accurate description of the results?
The demand for a product of Carolina Industries varies greatly from month to month. Theprobability distribution...
The J. R. Ryland Computer Company is considering a plant expansion to enable thecompany to begin production of ...
All of us have a tendency to categorize people into stereotypic groups. If you look around at the students on c...
Practice Graph the solution set of each system of inequalities. {2x+3y122x3y6x0y4
Finding a Derivative In Exercises 33-54, find the derivative of the function. F(x)=0e2xln(t+1)dt
Finding Rates of Change In Exercises 91-94, find the average rate of change of the function over the given inte...
Solve the following exercises. Where necessary, round the answers to 2 decimal places unless otherwise specifie...
The behavior of undergraduate students when exposed to various odors was examined by the authors of the article...
Parentheses and Grouping 6+e+13
In Problems 1528 find the general solution of the given higher-order differential equation. 20. d3xdt3d2xdt24x=...
The average return for large-cap domestic stock funds over the three years 2009–2011 was 14.4% (AAII Journal, F...
Advertising Spending. Which companies spend the most money on advertising? Business Insider maintains a list of...
A survey asked, Can you imagine a situation in which you might become homeless? Of the 2,503 Americans surveyed...
Use the facts that the negation of a STATEMENT IS A statement and that the negation of an if-then Statement i...
In the following exercises, use appropriate substitutions to express the trigonometric integrals in terms of co...
Telephone Numbers All of the landline telephone numbers in a small town use the same three-digit prefix. How ma...
Salaries for teachers in a particular elementary school district are normally distributed with a mean of S-1.l,...
For the following exercises, sketch the graph of the logarithmic function. Determine the domain, range, and ver...


text:
The following two lines should look differently. The first line is synthetic bold of normal face, the second line is bold face.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The following two lines should look differently. The first line is synthetic italic of normal face, the second line is italic face.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mevlut Cavusoglu says operations for gunman's capture still under way as some 30 suspects have been detained.
The identity of the gunman who killed 39 people in the New Year's Day attack on an Istanbul nightclub has been established, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu has said in a televised interview.
"The identity of the person responsible for the Istanbul attack has been established," Cavusoglu said in the interview with the state-run Anadolu news agency on Wednesday.
"The operation for his capture is still under way ...The house [where] he had been staying has also been searched," the minister added.
Cavusoglu did not identify the attacker but emphasised that the Reina nightclub attack was staged by "professionals".
"The interior ministry and the justice ministry are continuing their investigations aiming to unearth who is behind this attack," he said.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as ISIS) claimed the attack on Monday, the first time it has produced such a claim for a mass attack in Turkey.
The assailant stormed the popular Reina nightclub on the Bosphorus and sprayed 120 bullets at terrified partygoers celebrating the start of 2017 early on Sunday.
Of the 39 dead, 27 were foreigners, including citizens from Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Tunisia and Morocco.
The attacker, who is believed to be of Central Asian decent, arrived in Turkey from Syria, according to Turkish daily Hurriyet.
The date when he arrived in Turkey is unknown, but he was in the central Anatolian province of Konya on November 22, 2016, before heading to Istanbul to carry out the attack on Reina, the newspaper said.
According to the investigation, the attacker arrived in Konya with his wife and two children and hired a house there.
His family members, whose identities also remain hidden, have been detained by police, according to Turkish media reports.
Turkish media have said so far some 30 people, in Konya, Istanbul and Izmir have been detained as part of the investigation into the shooting.


THE under pressure Celtic boss pleaded with fans to play their part in restoring his players' shattered confidence and pull his team out of 'a bad period'.
UNDER-FIRE Celtic boss Ronny Deila has pleaded with the Celtic fans to play their part in restoring his players' shattered confidence and pull his team out of 'a bad period'.
The Celtic boss is under pressure having failed to take the team into the Champions League group stages in three attempts over the past two seasons.
A defeat to ten-man Aberdeen has left Celtic five points behind the Pittodrie side in the Scottish Premiership, with fans questioning his style of play and signing policy.
Deila was summoned to a meeting with Parkhead chief executive Peter Lawwell in the wake of the defeat at the weekend and, in a candid interview on the club's own TV channel, he has admitted that he is feeling the heat.
However, the Norwegian insists that he and his players can turn it around - with the backing of the supporters.
"We have been in a bad period and have lost a lot of confidence," Deila told Celtic TV. "We need to get back on track again.
"We have to stay together and that is also the supporters.
"I know it is frustrating and a lot of people are very angry or sad about what is happening. That is the same as we are - but we have to go on.
"We really, really need the support of Celtic because that makes the players much better. To stay together now is so important."
The Scottish champions kicked off the campaign with a run of four victories and Champions League qualifying wins over Stjarnan and Qarabag.
Having managed to persuade the club to ditch their usual pre-season policy of playing money-spinning friendlies overseas to better prepare for the preliminary rounds in Europe and brought in a number of early signings, Deila was confident that he had the right players and preparations for the campaign ahead.
That soon unravelled as his players tired against Malmo, going 3-1 up at Celtic Park before eventually losing the tie 5-3 on aggregate.
His defence started to ship goals, conceding 12 in their last seven matches and Celtic are short on options in attack with new signing Nadir Ciftci having failed to find the net on either side of his ban for biting and with Leigh Griffiths their only proven goalscorer.
However, Deila has insisted his plans are still on course: "We know what we are doing. We know what is going wrong and what we have to improve.
"We have conceded too many goals lately but that's not just the defence — it's the whole team.
"We play together and we have to defend together. We also have to sort out the set-plays to get that better."
The road to redemption now leads Deila and his players to Amsterdam, with Celtic flying out for their opening Europa League group game against Ajax this morning.
"Celtic have had bad periods before and we will come again," Deila continued. "Now we want to come out of it as quickly as possible.
"We have to turn this around. Every team loses games and every team has bad periods. It's how you get out of them that's most important.
"I'm working really hard, together with the players, to get back on track again.
"How's the morale and mood? It has been a few tough weeks but you can't go around feeling sorry for yourself.
"You have to move on and look at the next game. Only three weeks ago we were playing fantastic football and winning a lot of games.
"It's not about the quality, it's about rhythm and winning games again."


text:
Home › Gaming › Play PUBG for free with Xbox Live Gold between April 19 and 22
Play PUBG for free with Xbox Live Gold between April 19 and 22
by Radu Tyrsina
Radu Tyrsina has been a Windows fan ever since he got his first PC, a Pentium III (a monster at that time). For most of the kids of his age, the Internet was an...	Read more
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds fans are hit with great news as they'll get the chance to play the game for free with Xbox Live Gold starting April 19 at 12:01 a.m. PDT until Sunday, April 22 at 11:59 p.m. P
UBG crossed 5 million players on Xbox One just recently. The early access version of PUBG is priced at $29.99, and there isn't any free trial. The fact that during the period that we mentioned above you'll get the play the game for free is really great, and it will definitely come as a surprise for fans.
The Xbox team made the announcement on the official website and said that:
Once the event begins, download the game by clicking on the Gold Member feature area on the Xbox Live home dashboard, or search for the game on the Microsoft Store via the Xbox Dashboard.
Here's what you can do during Free Play Days
The Xbox team says that during the Free Play Days, gamers will be able to download and play the full Xbox Game Preview version of PUBG.
This will also include all multiplayer modes. Any battle points players earn during the Free Play Days will be transferred to the game if you purchase it when this period is over.
RELATED: How to fix PUBG bugs on Xbox One
A new PUBG5 Pack is announced
Besides the Free Play Days, the Xbox team announced gamers that there's an all-new DLC for PUBG available for $6.99. "The PUBG5 Pack includes an exclusive cap, long sleeved shirt, cuffed jeans and hi-top sneakers to customize your character in style', theXbox team said.
The pack will only be available for a limited amount of time, starting April 19 until May 19 so gamers should pick it up as soon as it becomes ready for purchase. You can read the entire announcement on Xbox's official website.
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Full Fix: Common PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds bugs
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These brands focus in on individual artisans in different towns and communities across Mexico to provide fair wages and encourage local designs to flourish.
Whether you live on the west coast, in the Rocky Mountains, or east of the Mississippi, add one of these upcoming maker's markets to your spring and summer plans.
These brands are providing fair wages and working conditions to women, especially in rural India, many with the mission of helping provide education to children.
These five incredible eco-friendly hotels are just south of the border and on the beaches of Mexico—perfect for a sustainable spring break getaway.
Each of these documentaries encourages us to learn more about what's happening outside of our own circles and to support our global neighbors.
Visit these nearby parks and protected lands—and be sure to learn about the conservation efforts that are underway.
Looking to improve your MPG this year? Here are our favorite (and most affordable) hybrid vehicles on the market.
Our favorite social impact companies and platforms changing the world through conscious travel.
To celebrate and kick off another wonderful year, here are five conscious travel resolutions we're commiting to in 2018.


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Tricha orlí (Psittrichas fulgidus) nebo též papoušek orlí je druh papoušků z Nové Guiney, který je zároveň jediným druhem z rodu tricha (Psittrichasinae). Tento papoušek je velký do 50 cm, charakteristické je pro něj černočervené zbarvení, přičemž červená se objevuje hlavně na břišní části těla. Vzhledem připomíná spíše supa než papouška, což je nejvíce markantní na jeho vyloženě supí hlavě, která je v přední části lysá. Váží od 600 do 800 gramů. Obývá deštné lesy Nové Guiney v nadmořské výšce od 800 do 2000 metrů nad mořem. Pro potravu nejraději vyhledává fíky, nepohrdne však ani jiným zralým ovocem, květy a nektarem. Hnízda si staví v dutinách stromů, snáší pravidelně dvě vejce s inkubační dobou 27—31 dní.

Popis a výskyt

Trichy mají charakteristicky zbarvené tělo, které je téměř celé černé, pouze na břiše najdeme červeně zbarvené peří. Mají typické znaky papoušků, zavalité tělo, výrazně zahnutý zobák, který slouží jako nástroj při pojídání ovoce a masivní prsty na nohou, dva a dva proti sobě, které slouží k pevnému úchytu na větvích. Na rozdíl od alexandrů, loriů a arů mají jen krátký uťatý ocas. Pro trichy je charakteristický jejich vzhled, kterým připomínají supa, hlavně hlavou. Hlava je více protáhlá a v přední části lysá. Lysina má podobný význam jako pro supy, brání tak umazání peří od potravy, u trich však ne od krve, ale od ovocných šťáv. Trichy dorůstají nejčastěji do 46 cm délky a váží od 600 do 800 gramů. Samečci a samičky jsou si podobní, samička je většinou štíhlejší a má jemnější hlavu. Samečci mají za očima červená kopinatá pírka. Tricha orlí je endemitem Nové Guiney, vyskytuje se v deštných lesích od 800 do 2000 metrů nad mořem.

Chování
Trichy podobně jako většina papoušků žijí v párech, které zůstávají po celý život neměnné. Hnízda si staví v dutinách stromů, samice pravidelně snáší 2 vejce s inkubační dobou od 27 do 30 dní. Mezi větvemi stromů nešplhá, ale přelétává. Létá pomalu pomocí mohutných záběrů křídel, za letu pronikavě křičí. Při letu vypadá podobně jako plachtící sup. Většinou létají osamoceně nebo v párech, ale byla spatřena i hejna o 20 jedincích.

Status ohrožení

Populace trich v současné době již po tři generace klesá. Podle IUCN seznamu ohrožených druhů je klasifikován jako zranitelný. Za pokles populace může člověk. Trichy trpí úbytkem svého přirozeného prostředí v důsledku kácení deštných pralesů na Nové Guineji. Pro své krásné dlouhé peří byl (a dodnes je) zároveň často loven. Ornitologové odhadují jejich počet na 21 tisíc párů, které obývají území 278 000 km2.

Chov
Trichy jsou v zajetí chovány jen vzácně. Jsou velmi drahé, jeden pták stojí okolo 300 000 korun. Samičky jsou vzácnější a dražší než samečci. Samečkům někteří překupníci vytrhávají jejich kopinatá červená pírka u očí a poté je podvodně vydávají za samičky. Do Evropy byli zavezeni poprvé v roce 1831. Jsou velmi nároční na chov, potřebují stálou teplotu kolem 20 stupňů Celsia a poměrně vysokou vlhkost vzduchu. Nejvíce náročné je krmení, trichy vyžadují tropické ovoce své domoviny, hlavně fíky, papáju a mango. Tyto potraviny lze sice částečně nahradit místním ovocem (jablka, hrušky či hroznové víno), nicméně tropické ovoce nesmí chybět, protože z něj trichy přebírají důležité enzymy pro správné zažívání.

Chov v zoo
Tento druh je v zoo chován velmi výjimečně. V rámci evropských zoo se v září 2019 jednalo o šest zařízení. Mezi nimi je také česká Zoo Praha.

Chov v Zoo Praha
Tricha orlí je v Zoo Praha od roku 2014, kdy byla dovezena jedna samice. Dva samci pak byli získáni v roce 2016. Ke konci roku 2018 byli chováni dva samci a dvě samice. Od 28. 9. 2019 jsou poprvé v historii českých zoo k vidění v Rákosově pavilonu v dolní části zoo, a to jako hlavní druh v expozici představující horské lesy Nové Guiney (vystaven je jeden pár).

Zoo Praha vede monitoring tohoto druhu v rámci Evropské asociace zoologických zahrad a akvárií (EAZA).

Na přelomu let 2020 a 2021 se v Zoo Praha podařilo, jako první zoologické zahradě kontinentální Evropy, tento druh papouška odchovat.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura

Externí odkazy

Endemity Nové Guineje
Fauna Austrálie a Oceánie
Psittrichasiidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This Oracle Data Modeling and Relational Database Design training covers the Data Modeling and Database Development process and the models that are used at each phase of the lifecycle. Learn from expert Oracle University instructors through interactive instruction and hands-on exercisese.
y taking this course, you will develop an understanding of the data modeling and database development process, as well as the models used in each phase of the development lifecycle. You'll develop the skills to model and understand the database development lifecycle based on real life examples, while mapping the objects and engineer the logical model to a relational model.
You will also learn techniques to validate these data models. Once the Relational Design has been validated, you can create physical models to add all physical properties and finally generate a DDL to create the database objects for your database. You will also better understand how you can work as a team on developing a model using Subversion.
Identify the types of models.
Develop a process model (Data Flow Diagram).
Use advanced data modeling techniques.
Create the Physical Model, add several Physical Model objects, and generate the DDL.
Use several real life examples to document business requirements.
Work with design rules that can be applied to check and enforce the integrity and consistency of your designs.
Work in a collaborative environment using Subversion.