text:
Syria and the hole at the heart of the Arab revolts
Events in Syria suggest that nobody has the authority to resolve the Arab crisis – not the US, not the regimes, and sadly not the rebels either.
More than six months since the Arab uprisings came like thieves in the night, terrifying ageing Arab rulers and bamboozling so-called international relations experts, a strange stalemate has descended on the Arab world.
Yes, there is still violent struggle, most notably in Syria. And even in those countries where Western observers believe the 'revolutions were successful', primarily Egypt and Tunisia, there remains widespread dissatisfaction with the not-so new regimes. Yet the uprisings seem stuck, unresolved, caught in a kind of action-replay loop as they sway unpredictably between new outbursts of anger from below and new rounds of repression or concession from above. Neither side has been victorious: not the peoples fighting for freedom nor the regimes desperately trying to shore up the old order. It's like the Arab world has had electric shock treatment, and is still dazed and confused as a consequence.
On one level, this is normal. There have been many instances in history when political upheavals, even ones as large and as awesome as the Arab Spring, have not led to instant meaningful change, instead taking all parties by surprise and provoking the hurried creation of new-ish political arrangements. But on another level, the stuckness of the Arab Spring speaks to something peculiar to our era. The key issue in the Arab world right now is that none of the forces involved in this historic clash seems to have the moral or political authority to resolve things decisively in its favour: not the US; not the repressive Arab regimes; and sadly, not the Arab people.
The Arab Spring has exposed what we might call a triple crisis of authority. It has revealed America's serious imperial impotence, where the US seems incapable not only of directing events, as it would undoubtedly have sought to do during a moment like this in the past, but uncertain of what direction it would like events to move in. It has also, most obviously, exposed the crisis of authority, the moral and political rot, of the regimes that held power in the Arab world for most of the post-Second World War period. And finally, and most worryingly, it has exposed the crisis of oppositional, radical politics today, where the Arab people certainly have the daring that has been a central part of every big uprising throughout history, but lack coherence, a strategy, even a political language in which they might articulate their aims.
This triple crisis of authority is at its most glaring in Syria. Here we have an Arab country governed by a regime that has lost whatever sliver of political legitimacy it might once have possessed, where groups of angry but disconnected people launch occasional acts of furious public disobedience. America, meanwhile, looks on, almost as a mere spectator, feeling the urge to distance itself from Bashar Assad's regime yet simultaneously terrified of what might arise if Assad falls. The end result, as one Democrat congressman said of his own president, is an approach to Syria that 'manages to combine colossal moral failure with unimaginable strategic imbecility'.
One of the most striking things about the uprising in Syria is the extent to which the question of political legitimacy, the true issue at the heart of the Arab quake, is being discussed openly. And none of the parties has made a convincing stab of assuming such legitimacy. In recent days, as Assad's tanks have continued to assault protesting people, US officials have announced that his regime no longer has legitimacy. 'In our eyes, he has lost the legitimacy to govern', declared secretary of state Hillary Clinton – as if 'legitimacy to govern' is something conferred on or withdrawn from foreign parties by the US State Department.
Clinton's attempted withdrawal of legitimacy from Assad is striking for a number of reasons. Firstly because it suggests US officials have a very flimsy idea of what constitutes legitimacy. In Clinton's eyes, did Assad have 'legitimacy to govern' before the Arab Spring, when political repression and occasional crackdowns on oppositional forces were still the order of the day? Secondly, it is notable how behind the times is the State Department. Assad's so-called legitimacy has already utterly collapsed, by dint of the Syrian people's rebellions in recent months, not State Department diktat. Alongside the bloody protests in various towns and cities, there is now also a more everyday form of anti-Assad dissent, including in Damascus. According to one report, in cafes and bars in the capital, 'conversations that were once reserved for the privacy of the home are being held in public'. A cocky democratic shift is occurring in Syria, and it is this, not Hillary's press releases, that has demolished Assad's 'legitimacy'. And the third striking thing about Washington's attempt to determine issues of political legitimacy in the Arab world is just how unconvincing it sounds.
The Arab Spring has exposed a US that seems shorn of both its determination and its ability to influence global events in any meaningful way. So in Syria, the US is tailending events rather than driving them, adjusting, in a very ad hoc manner, to whatever shift in the balance of forces it can discern through its aloof observations of a country in crisis. In late March and early April, the US was still banking on Assad pulling through and reassuming control, albeit with concessions. Clinton said she considered him 'a reformer'. Then in May, as the regime's crackdown intensified, the US started issuing 'condemnations' and imposed some sanctions. Over the past week it has upped the ante by questioning Assad's legitimacy. The extent to which Washington is simply trying to keep up with events was captured in the assessment of one senior State Department official, who said of the worsening economy and internal incohesion in Syria: 'All of the factors that keep the regime in power are trending downward.' Here, a part of the world that the US would once have fought tooth-and-nail to shape in its favour is reduced to the level of a market tumble, with US officials playing the role, not of map-redrawing imperialists, but of wide-eyed bankers wondering why share prices are falling.
At the same time as the US is increasingly critical of Assad it can't quite let go of the olive branch it has been extending to him in recent years. So officials say he has 'lost legitimacy' but also hint that if he were to 'pursue political reform' then things might improve. Some international observers have sought to depict this dual approach by America as a very clever strategic ploy. In truth, America's borderline schizo approach towards Syria is a product of discombobulation more than design. Primarily, it is America's out-of-touchness with currents in the Arab world, and its irrational fear that the Arab uprisings will end in more 1979-style Islamic theocracies, that has led it towards a 'policy' that can best be described as Hedging Its Bets. As a former US government adviser told Foreign Policy, Washington is gripped by a 'fear of what might replace Assad if he falls… Take your pick of scary scenarios: civil war, a Sunni fundamentalist takeover, or a new base for al-Qaeda.'
Such fears are an indicator of how much America's foreign policy is now driven more by a feeling of being out-of-control than by a determination to control, more by an inability to recognise where its national interests lie than by the cool-headed pursuit of its national interests. As Democratic congressman Gary Ackerman put it, US policy towards Syria is 'completely incoherent', with officials unable to see what Ackerman believes to be in America's 'blindingly obvious national interests' (in his view, the demise of the Assad regime).
Yet just because they are incoherent, that doesn't mean Washington's political interventions in Syria and other Arab states are without consequence. On the contrary, America's indecisive, concerned-about-Assad-but-even-more-concerned-about-what-happens-after-Assad stance is likely making a bad situation worse. On the one hand, the half-hearted attempt by the international community to isolate Assad can be seen as making the Assad regime more reckless still. Feeling it has little left to lose in terms of international reputation, it is lashing out against what it falsely depicts as 'foreign saboteurs' with their 'advanced mobile phones'. On the other hand, the admittedly withered but still existent olive branch from Washington to Assad communicates to him the message that if he regains control, then the West might give him the nod to stay in power and 'pursue political reform'. For a regime that has always relied on external support, whether it got it from the old Soviet system, Iran or from semi-friendly advances from the West, mixed messages from Washington are likely to be having a severely disorientating impact on Syria.
As in other Arab states before it, the uprising in Syria has confirmed the political decay of the regime that ruled for most of the postwar period. Built on little more than access to natural resources, external political backing and internal authoritarianism (often cynically justified in the name of preparing for the coming liberation of Palestine), these regimes have become utterly hollowed out in recent years. The removal of the various crutches with which they propped themselves up, from the demise of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s to the decommissioning of the Palestinian question in the 1990s to the destruction of Syria's Ba'athist cousins in Iraq in the 2000s, has exposed, to all, the illegitimacy of the Arab states. The speed with which rulers fell in Tunisia and Egypt further confirmed their weakness, acting as an invitation to other Arab peoples to try to push aside their dictators.
The isolation of the Assad regime can be seen, not only in its use of violence against entire towns, but also in its willingness to ditch the ideologies that it has used to justify its existence for decades. In late June, Assad, in a bid to quell dissent, promised far-reaching constitutional reforms and even 'the end of Ba'ath Party rule'. Such a suggestion would have been unthinkable just months ago, when the Ba'athists continued to present themselves as the only guarantors of Syrian stability and freedom for Palestine. Of course, the openness with which Assad declared that he would bury a one-party system that has held sway in Syria for a great many years backfired, intensifying the determination of the protesters to do away with Ba'athism once and for all. In publicly advertising his desperation, Assad ensured that his opponents would continue to try to push him and his system from the political stage. As one report said of the protesters, '[Now], it is not regime reform they are pursuing. It is regime change.'
The seeming ease with which Assad said he would voluntarily bring about 'the end of Ba'ath Party rule' echoed similar statements made by Ben Ali in Tunisia and Mubarak in Egypt. They, too, responded to uprisings by effectively declaring their unwillingness to continue ruling. Mubarak said he was 'fed up' and admitted that he was struggling to find a successor, either from within his own family or outside it. The response of the Arab regimes to the uprisings reflects something quite profound: a feeling of extreme disarray and lack of historic drive amongst the Arab officer class which, since the 1950s and 1960s, has presented itself as the embodiment of what Gamal Abdel Nasser described as 'Arab consciousness'. Just as it was the self-effacing response of Ben Ali and Mubarak that gave a green light to the protesters to finish them off, so it has been Assad's open discussion of ditching Ba'athism and moving towards something else which has further energised his opponents.
Yet if both the hollowness of American imperial clout and the Arab states have been exposed by the uprisings, there is also little evidence that the Arab people themselves feel that they have the legitimacy to take the reins in these countries. It is a sad fact that one of the most notable things about the Arab uprisings is their incoherence, their dearth of strategy and ideology. In part, this reflects the diverse nature of the groups protesting. In Syria, for example, 'the protests are scattered far and wide', says one report, 'from tiny villages along the Euphrates to the third-largest city of Homs'. The Economist says the Syrian rebels are a mish-mash of 'large parts of the Sunni Muslim clergy, university graduates, longstanding dissidents [and] day labourers'.
But at a deeper level, the incoherence of the Arab Spring is down to the continuing, almost stubborn absence of any leadership structure or overarching strategy. In relation to Syria, The Economist describes how 'few articulate leaders have emerged [and] no formal structures exist'. This echoes developments across the Arab world, where very large numbers of freedom-hungry people have taken to the streets, but where no new, structured, active political grouping has emerged. Sadly, some of the young activists in the Arab world seem to have bought into po-mo Western ideas about the wonderful nature of leaderless protest movements, which merely make statements rather than seeking to change the world in an old-fashioned ideological fashion. As one Syrian protester wrote in the Guardian, 'Not having a formal, organised, political opposition that can give voice to the protests was initially frustrating… yet it was also quite liberating. For one thing it has shown that young and old Syrians are capable of taking control of their destinies without the stale political opportunists and parties of the past.' Just as some pro-US commentators have sought to sex-up Clinton's confused approach to Syria as a clever ploy, so those who sympathise with the Syrian protesters are sexing up the disarray of the protest movement as a 'liberating' rejection of 'stale' ideologies.
In essence, all three parties to the Arab upheaval are seeking to disguise their incoherence, their inability to take the political reins and determine the destiny of these nations. What we are witnessing in the Arab world is the final unravelling of the old politics. The post-Second World War set-up in the Arab world is in freefall; America's Cold War-era clout in the Middle East and beyond no longer stands up; and the old radical ideologies of liberation seem to have little purchase with new protesters. This makes the future of the Arab world very uncertain indeed, with the danger that powerful nearby states, most notably Iran and Saudi Arabia, will seek to fill the vacuum left by the absence of political authority amongst all the parties to the Arab upheaval.
Brendan O'Neill is editor of spiked. Visit his personal website here.
Tags Middle East Syria


With gingered cherries, coconut, almond ice cream and chocolate sauce.
Scotch ale battered Alaskan ling cod with tartar sauce & lemon.
With apple smoked bacon and truffle oil drizzle.
Creamy hominy polenta, port soaked chukar cherries and smokey almond, rosemary brown butter sauce.
With green papaya salad and whirred ginger vinaigrette.
With tiger sauce and celery leaf salad.
With olive tapenade, baby arugula, seeded croutons & Tuscan extra virgin olive oil.
Naughty nellie steamed manila clams with fennel sofrito, preserved orange & smoked ham hock.
With dill mustard sauce, caper remoulade & celeriac salad.
With cajun trinity, dark brown roux and steamed rice.
Bowl size soup with caramelized sweet onions, olive oil crouton & melted Swiss.
Romaine lettuce with brutus dressing, roasted pine nut gremolata and grated grana.
With vanilla bean vinaigrette, toasted hazelnuts and crumbled goat cheese.
With radicchio, pistachios, Belgian endive pecorino toscano and champagne vinaigrette.
Iceberg lettuce with crispy bacon, avocado, red onion, tomatoes, boiled egg, crumbled bleu cheese and lorenzo dressing.
With grilled red onions, sauteed button mushrooms, Dijon mustard, mayonnaise & melted white cheddar cheese.
With peppadew relish, melted pepper jack, dried tomato aioli and arugula.
Slow roasted pulled pork with melted gouda, roasted ham, salsa verde and pickle.
With pico de gallo, melted pepper jack & cilantro sour cream.
Julia's omelette with roasted butternut squash, Spanish chorizo, wilted baby spinach, warm goat cheese & hollandaise.
Poached eggs with smoked salmon, apple bacon hash, caramelized onions and whole grain mustard nage.
With grilled uli's neurenberger sausage & bob's red mill stone ground grits.
With roasted shiitake mushrooms, hickory bacon, marchand de vin and poached eggs.
Poached eggs with jumbo lump dungeness crab meat & hollandaise sauce.
Roasted garlic mashed potatoes and preserve lemon, caper parsley meuniere sauce.
With roasted cashews, preserved lemons and dried chilies.
With melted cheese curds and brown gravy.
With roasted garlic, herb butter and caramelized onions.
With toasted garlic, roasted pancetta and sherry vinegar.
With molasses tuile and candied cranberries.
With ginger anglaise, vanilla ice cream and almond crumble.
With rum, raisin ice cream and orange sauce.
With chocolate crust, chocolate sauce and peppermint bark.
With olive tapenade, baby arugula, toasted croutons & Tuscan olive oil.
With celeriac remoulade and dill mustard sauce.
With watercress, walnuts, frisee, crumbled feta and white balsamic vinaigrette.
With grilled red onions, sauteed button mushrooms, Dijon mustard, mayonnaise & melted white cheddar.
Slow roasted pulled pork hempler's ham, melted gouda, pickle and salsa verde.
With pico de gallo, melted pepper jack and cilantro sour cream.
With roasted ricotta salata, cauliflower cream, shiitake mushrooms and grated grana.
Black beans, tangy cabbage salad, ahi Amarillo and warm corn tortillas.
With roasted turnips, shiitake mushroom marchand de vin and blue bird farms farro risotto.
With caramelized peppers, roasted veggies, barbant potatoes and whole grain mustard nage.
With creamy hominy polenta, port soaked chukar cherries and smokey almond, rosemary brown butter sauce.
With roasted garlic mashed potatoes, sauteed button mushrooms and wilted spinach.
With butternut squash puree, caramelized onions and wilted lacinato kale.
With apple sauce, whole grain mustard, crispy sage and honey drizzle.
With pistachios, navel orange supremes, kalamata olives, seed crostini, Dijon mustard and watercress.
With toasted cashews, crumbled feta and champagne vinaigrette.
With roasted mushrooms, wilted kale and steamed potatoes.
With roasted ricotta salata, cauliflower cream sauce, roasted shiitake mushrooms & grated grana.
With brown gravy and sauteed spinach.
Mediterranean mussels, manila clams, gulf shrimp, fin fish, torchio pasta, steamed potato, spicy tomato broth and grilled bread.
Bluebird farms farro risotto, roasted autumn squash, frisee salad and bartlett pear gastrique.
With shiitake mushrooms, baby bok choy, carrot and ginger salad.
12 oz. Crispy potatoes, caramelized onions, red wine sauce, bourbon butter and baby arugula.
Sweet chili pepper, green curry sauce, basil and cilantro salad.
Cannellini bean stew, smoked ham hock, roasted pork belly, sweet sausage and garlic bread crumb.
With celery root, yukon potato gratin and black trumpet mushroom sauce forestiere.
With peppadew relish, melted provolone, dried tomato aioli and arugula.
With toasted cashews, preserved lemons and dried chilies.
With white cake, chocolate sauce and vanilla pastry cream.
With white chocolate ice cream and orange sauce.


text:
I love a good quotation — be it wise, silly, or smartassed. This is a list of all of the quotations that are used on this website; the ones that show up on the right hand column of each page and change each time the page is refreshed.
Feel free to copy my list for your own site if you like… and if you know a good one that I might like, please send it to me. I'll put it in the rotation.
"Nothing ever goes away until it teaches us what we need to know." — Pema Chodron
"There will be a time when you believe that everything is finished — that will be the beginning." — Unknown
"Time moves in one direction, memory in another." — William Gibson
"There is no charm equal to tenderness of heart." — Jane Austen
"Do not mind anything that anyone tells you about anyone else. Judge everyone and everything for yourself." — Henry James
"Love has no age, no limit; and no death." — John Galsworthy
"A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way." — John C. Maxwell
"Four steps to achievement: Plan purposefully. Prepare prayerfully. Proceed positively. Pursue persistently." — Unknown
"Everybody will help you discover what you set out to find…" — Bob Dylan
"There are only three things women need in life: food, water, and compliments." — Chris Rock
"Everything is funny — as long as it is happening to someone else." — Will Rogers
"When you are courting a nice girl an hour seems like a second. When you sit on a red-hot cinder a second seems like an hour. That's relativity. — Albert Einstein
"I thought the dryer made my clothes shrink. Turns out it was the refrigerator." — Some Chubby Chick
"I have a FLAT stomach. The L is silent." — Some Chubby Chick
"View your life with KINDsight. Stop beating yourself up about things from your past. Instead of slapping your forehead and saying 'What was I thinking?', breathe and ask yourself the kinder question, 'What was I learning?'" — Karen Salmansohn
"Wealth is not about having a lot of money; it's about having a lot of options." — Chris Rock
"Going to church doesn't make you a Christian any more than going to a garage makes you an automobile." — Billy Sunday
"A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants on." — Winston S. Churchill
"If you think nobody cares about you, try missing a couple of payments." — Steven Wright
"The only way to keep your health is to eat what you don't want, drink what you don't like, and do what you'd rather not." — Mark Twain
"The best way to teach your kids about taxes is by eating 30 percent of their ice cream." — Bill Murray
"Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week." — Spanish Proverb
"If we're not meant to have midnight snacks, why is there a light in the fridge?" — Unknown
"Food is like sex: When you abstain, even the worst stuff begins to look good." — Beth McCollister
"I could tell that my parents hated me. My bath toys were a toaster and a radio." — Rodney Dangerfield
"A best friend is like a four leaf clover, hard to find, lucky to have." — Unknown
"A child educated only at school is an uneducated child." — George Santayana
"In school, you're taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you're given a test that teaches you a lesson." — Tom Bodett
"Most people work just hard enough not to get fired and get paid just enough money not to quit." — George Carlin
"Every time you feel yourself being pulled into other people's drama, repeat these words: Not my circus, not my monkeys." — Polish Proverb
"A man falls in love through his eyes, a woman through her ears." — Woodrow Wyatt
"The true man wants two things: danger and play. For that reason he wants woman, as the most dangerous plaything." — Friedrich Nietzsche
"You grow up the day you have your first real laugh at yourself." — Ethel Barrymore
"It's hard to be an artist. It's hard to be anything. It's hard to be." — Bill Murray
"You know, some people say life is short and that you could get hit by a bus at any moment and that you have to live each day like it's your last. Bullshit. Life is long. You're probably not gonna get hit by a bus. And you're gonna have to live with the choices you make for the next fifty years." — Chris Rock
"Have you ever noticed that anybody driving slower than you is an idiot, and anyone going faster than you is a maniac?" — George Carlin
"A two-year old is kind of like a blender, but you don't have any top for it." — Jerry Seinfeld
"Trying to be happy by accumulating possessions is like trying to satisfy hunger by taping sandwiches all over your body." — George Carlin
"I'm not going to censor myself to comfort your ignorance." — Jon Stewart
"Just because you're offended, doesn't mean you're right." — Ricky Gervais
"Rest and be kind, you don't have to prove anything." — Jack Kerouac
"Learn the rules like a pro, so you can break them like an artist." — Pablo Picasso
"Confidence is not 'they will like me'. Confidence is 'I'll be fine if they don't'." — Unknown
"It's better to be a lion for a day than a sheep all your life." — Elizabeth Kenny
"Sleep is so cute when it tries to compete with the internet." — Will Ferrell
"Facebook is like jail, you sit around and waste time, you write on walls and you get poked by people you don't know." — Will Ferrell
"I'm sorry, if you were right, I'd agree with you." — Robin Williams
"People who criticize you have usually never achieved anywhere near what you have. Most of them would be too scared to even try. Keep going." — Ricky Gervais
— Spanish Proverb

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Beethoven va escriure aquesta fantasia el 1809 i va ser publicada l'any següent, dedicada al compte Franz Anatol Brunsvik. Va ser composta posteriorment a les variacions op.76, a diferencia d'aquesta obra, a la fantasia, Beethoven plasma una visió renovada cap a aquest instrument.És la única fantasia que compongué Beethoven específicament per a piano i és considerada una improvisació magistral.

Estructura
L'originalitat del la fantasia resideix en l'efecte sonor, predomina la repetició d'un mateix patró com a element estructural de nombrosos passatges, les modulacions inesperades i allunyades de l'estil tradicional, són recurrents. L'estil d'improvisació de Beethoven queda plasmat en aquesta composició. On l'efecte sorpresa és un element clau per al desenvolupament del discurs musical, pretén jugar a trencar amb les expectatives del públic, tant a nivell dinàmic com tècnic. La fantasia traça un discurs inestable, inquiet, obscur, desenvolupat a partir dels canvis constants temàtics i tonals, caracteritzats per les "mutacions harmòniques".

A la primera secció de la fantasia es presenten un conjunt d'idees musicals contrastades entre elles. Cada tema es caracteritza per l'ús d'un element musical que el defineix. Per exemple: el primer dels temes es basa en la figura retòrica del "sospiratio", el segon s'inspira en una melodia popular i el darrer d'aquesta secció presenta un caràcter agitat en tonalitat menor. Els passatges d'escales i d'arpegis indiquen els moments de transició. << […] en tan solo doce sistemas Beethoven supo concentrar tantas ideas que bastarían para dar a luz a una improvisación aún más amplia que la pròpia Fantasía op.77>>

La segona secció de la fantasia es basa en un conjunt de variacions en si B Major sobre un tema breu. La darrera variació enllaça amb el tema inicial de la fantasia.

<< La fantasia puede verse fàcilment como una reflexión sobre elementos de tipo tècnico: escales […], arpegios […], octaves, octaves partidas>>. Carl Czerny cità aquesta fantasia al seu tractat d'improvisació Anleitung zum Fantasieren com a exemple de <<capriccio>> i no com una fantasia sobre temes diversos. Emfatitza la juxtaposició d'idees per sobre del desenvolupament i de la integració de tots els seus elements. L'estructura de l'obra és un exemple de "tonalitat progressiva"

Seccions
La fantasia està escrita en un sol moviment: (245 compassos)

- Allegro/Poco adagio, 4/4, Sol menor

- Allegro, ma non troppo, 6/8, Si bemoll major

- Allegro con brio, 2/4, Ré mineur

- Adagio, 2/4, La bemoll major

- Presto, 2/4, Si menor

- Allegretto, 2/4, Si major

Ronda els 10 minuts d'interpretació

Origen
<<Un pianista extranjero que lo había escuchado, le pidió que le diera un tema sobre el cual improvisar. Beethoven […] se fue al piano, tocó una escala en distintas octavas,en sentido ascendente, y volvió a sentarse riendo. El extranjero pidió de nuevo un tema. <<Os lo he dado ya>>, dijo Beethoven. <<¿Qué? ¿Éste sería el tema?>> <<¡ Seguro! Y muy bueno, además.>> El artista, confundido, tuvo que improvisar como mejor pudo. Poco después salió la Fantasia op.77 de Beethoven, que està basada sobre una de estas escalas y es el producto de un momento de buen humor de Beethoven.>>

Existeixen esbossos previs, que recullen la idea principal sobre la qual realitzaria les seves improvisacions abans que publiques la fantasia.

La fantasia s'assembla molt a la de Ph. E. Bach  (Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung)

Discografia
 Artur Schnabel, 1937 (Naxos)
 Rudolf Serkin, 1947 (Music & Arts)
 Alfred Brendel, 1961 (Vox Records)
 Hans Richter-Haaser, 1964 (EMI)
 Rudolf Serkin, 1970 (Sony)
 Jörg Demus, 1974 (DG)
 Ronald Brautigam, 1984 (Etcetera)
 Melvyn Tan, 1989 (EMI « Reflexe » / Virgin Classics)
 Abdel Rahman El Bacha, 1993 (Forlane)
 Gianluca Cascioli, 1997 (DG)
 Michael Schäfer, 2003 (Harmonia Mundi)
 Georg Friedrich Schenck (en), 2006 (Brilliant Classics)
 En

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Partitura
 Elisabeth Leonskaja
 Rudolf Serkin
 Edwin Fisher
 Dino Ciani
 Olga Pashchenko

Obres de Ludwig van Beethoven

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: designing events for an event sourcing based application In an application to handle employee leaves, I decided to try CQRS & event sourcing and came up with the following flow of events.
app events

*

*leave-application-received

*leave-application-validation-failed

*leave-application-accepted

*leave-applied

*manager-notified

*leave-approved

*leave-rejected

*user-notified

*calendar-updated

from the domain perspective, only applied, approved/rejected are the key events, while other events are more like an application log events.
To implement that in a code, I am making following classes
//command
class ApplyLeave (startDate, numberOfDays) {
    ...
    ...
}

// aggregate root
class EmployeeLeave () {

  handleApplication(leaveApplication)
  {
    ... code to handle application ...
    ... raise events ...
  }

}

//event
class LeaveApproved(id, timestamp)
{
}

Considering this is my first take on cqrs and event sourcing, I am bit worried if I am doing its the right way.
my questions are

*

*should there be events like application-received which is just a log of http request received? I think it has no meaning in domain, so it should not be recorded, but on the other hand, if a request failed half way, knowing that a request was received might be useful?

*if having app events like application-received is ok, should I create two event stores? domain-events and app-events?

I might be completely off the track, because I read a lot of articles but didn't find any sample code on how to actually implement cqrs+es.

A: High level: when we are talking about event sourcing, what we are really talking about is describing the state of your domain model using non-destructive edits.
Event sourcing doesn't change the information you track with the domain model, it only changes the data structures that we use to keep track of that information.
So what information do we keep?  As a rule, we only keep the information that we are going to need to answer a question later, which is to say either (a) information that will be emitting in response to a query OR (b) information that is going to feed back into future "decisions" / state changes made by this model.
Metrics/observability information is typically neither of these, therefore we don't consider it to be part of the domain model's "state", therefore we don't include that information in the data structure that describes the model's state.  In other words, we restrict the domain model to storing information that relates to domain concerns.
Information that supports application concerns is usually written "somewhere else": in counters used for publishing metrics, written out to logs so that you can apply your observability toolkit to it, and so on.
Are you allowed to put the application information into the domain model's history?  Of course - if you are willing to accept the trade offs that come with that.  It's not all that different from writing a bunch of "NothingHappened" events into you history.  But you may find when you look into it that the value of having that information coupled to your domain information does not offset the costs (additional contention being perhaps the most obvious of these).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Royal Mail is the only postal operator in the UK required to publish quarterly Quality of Service reports, against delivery targets set and reviewed by the postal industry regulator Ofcom.
Royal Mail has among the highest service standards in Europe. We have demanding quality of service standards that we must meet in order to deliver the Universal Service obligation of collecting and delivering mail six days a week at a uniform price across the UK. We are the only postal operator in the UK required to publish our performance against delivery targets every quarter. Our performance is independently measured by a market research agency, Kantar TNS. The measurement methodology employed and the results obtained are verified by auditors appointed by the regulator Ofcom.
Second Class mail – a minimum of 98.5 per cent delivered within three working days.
Against a backdrop of the UK's largest-ever business transformation, Royal Mail has continued to provide a high level of service to its customers.
We want our customer satisfaction levels to be better and are taking action to deliver in a more customer-responsive and proactive way. Customer-focused measures – such as customer service and complaints – form 50 per cent of the corporate scorecard we use to measure our success.
The quality of service reports are published every quarter and are independently measured by a market research agency, Kantar TNS. The measurement methodology employed and the results obtained are verified by auditors appointed by the regulator Ofcom.


text:
Austin Gets Crucial Standings Point in Shooutout Loss to Wings
January 26, 2019 tjchillot
ABERDEEN, S.D. – Kyle McClellan made 41 saves and the Bruins earned a crucial standings point despite falling to the Aberdeen Wings, 3-2, in the shootout.
Out of the gate, Saturday's game had a much different feel than the game played just 24 hours before. The Bruins were on loose pucks, battling along the boards, and controlling the pace of play. Similarly to Friday night, however, that all came to a crashing halt with Aberdeen taking the game's first lead 1-0 off the stick of Stepan Pokorny only two minutes and 26 seconds into the game. Despite giving up the early lead, the Bruins fight never wavered and eventually pushed the Wings on their heels. About ten minutes after surrendering the first goal of the game, Reggie Millette slipped a wrist shot through the legs of Wings netminder Matt Vernon to tie the game at one goal apiece. The Bruins didn't wait long to build on their momentum with Dante Sheriff giving the Bruins their first lead of the weekend, scoring on a bar-down rifle from the high slot.
The first period was one of action, but the Bruins held the advantage going into the locker room, 2-1. Out of the gate in the second period, Brad Belisle made his presence known tying the game with his fourth goal of the weekend, his sixth overall point with a shot that got past Kyle McClellan.
Each team scrapped and had plenty of chances in the third, especially Aberdeen who tested McClellan and the Bruins defense with increasingly difficult chances, but each time the teams were able to fight off the attack and force and overtime.
In the second overtime, the two teams have played against one another this season, in just their fourth meeting, neither team could find the back of the net and once again the Bruins and Wings headed to a shootout. Austin sent out Josef Mysak, Levi Stauber, and Andy Willis but the trio couldn't solve Vernon. Meanwhile, on the opposite end, Joe Strada deked past McClellan for the games only shootout goal, but it stood the test as the Wings earned their 18th straight victory of the season, the longest streak in the NAHL this season.
With the loss, the Bruins have dropped their last seven straight but earned a crucial standings point which keeps them in second place in the Central Division ahead of the Minnesota Wilderness.
The Bruins will wrap up their five-straight road games this weekend with a showdown against the Midwest Division leaders, the Minnesota Magicians, on Friday. February 1. The following night, the Bruins will return home to Riverside Arena to finish out the home-and-home series while also celebrating the ninth annual, Paint the Rink Pink Game. Tickets for Saturday night's showdown with the Magicians are on sale now at all the Bruins vendors including Games People Play, Hy-Vee, Holiday Inn, and Jim's Marketplace. During the game, Austin will be wearing specialty jerseys which are adorned with the names of those affected by cancer. The jerseys will be auctioned off after the game with players performing skits to entertain the crowd. Also, fans will be able to submit a photo of a friend or loved one who has been affected by cancer to the Bruins for play during intermission and one lucky fan will have the chance to win $100,000 during our Dippin Stix Shot of the Game. To submit your photo, email tj@austinbruins.com or brian@austinbruins.com. Proceeds from the event will benefit cancer research at the Hormel Institute
Previous PostBruins Falter in 5-1 loss to Wings in AberdeenNext PostBRUINS ALUMNI REPORT: Folin Trying To Avoid Being Odd Man Out in Philly, No. 2 UMass-Amherst Led By Hildenbrand


text:
Q: A necessary and sufficient condition on the matrices for a particular implication Suppose that $A\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$, $B\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times m}$, $C\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ and $D\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times m}$.
I'm looking for a (necessary and) sufficient condition on the matrices $A,B,C$ and $D$ such that
\begin{align}
 x &= A x + B u, \\
 y &= C x + D u,
\end{align}
implies
\begin{gather}
 \sum_{i=1}^{m} u_i = 0, \\
 y_1 = \ldots = y_{m},
\end{gather}
where
$x\in\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and $y,u\in\mathbb{R}^{m}$.

In my specific application in all examples this holds, and is exactly what we require for the example to make sense/to be of any value. Thus, if I'm able to find a sufficient and necessary condition, that's hopefully easy to verify numerically, it will enable us to exclude "bad" examples immediately/in an automated fashion.

A: Assume first that $A-I$ is invertible, then we have that $x=(I-A)^{-1}Bu$ and, therefore, $y=(C(I-A)^{-1}B+D)u$.
Now, we have that all the components of $y$ are the same if and only if $Z^Ty=0$ where $Z=\begin{bmatrix}e_1-e_2 & e_1-e_3 & \ldots & e_1-e_m\end{bmatrix}$ where $\{e_i\}_{i=1}^m$ is the natural basis of $\mathbb{R}^m$. Therefore, we need to have that $Z^T(C(I-A)^{-1}B+D)u=0$ together with $\mathbf{1}^Tu=0$. This can be expressed as
$$
\begin{bmatrix}Z^T(C(I-A)^{-1}B+D)\\\mathbf{1}^T\end{bmatrix}u=0.
$$
We look for nontrivial solutions $u$ and for them to exist we need the square matrix
$$
\begin{bmatrix}Z^T(C(I-A)^{-1}B+D)\\\mathbf{1}^T\end{bmatrix}
$$
to be singular.
When $A-I$ is singular and such that $B\in\mathrm{span}(I-A)$, then we have that
$$
x=(I-A)^+Bu+(I-(I-A)^+(I-A))v
$$
where the superscript $+$ denotes the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse. We then get the condition
$$
\begin{bmatrix}Z^T(C(I-A)^{+}B+D)\\\mathbf{1}^T\end{bmatrix}u+\begin{bmatrix}Z^T(I-(I-A)^+(I-A))\\0\end{bmatrix}v=0.
$$
Now, it depends on the interpretation of the problem. Either the above expression is satisfied for some $v$ or for all $v$. In the former case, we can also divide the problem in two cases: $v$ is chosen or $v$ is given.
If $v$ is chosen, then we can just pick $v=0$ and we end up with checking the invertibility of
$$
\begin{bmatrix}Z^T(C(I-A)^{+}B+D)\\\mathbf{1}^T\end{bmatrix}.
$$
If $v\ne0$ is given, say $v=v_0$, then we need that
$$
\begin{bmatrix}Z^T(I-(I-A)^+(I-A))v_0\\0\end{bmatrix}\in\mathrm{span}\left(\begin{bmatrix}Z^T(C(I-A)^{+}B+D)\\\mathbf{1}^T\end{bmatrix}\right).
$$
Finally, if the expression needs to be satisfied for all $v$'s, then we have two possibilities: either $u$ can be chosen depending on the value for $v$ or $u$ needs to be same regardless the value of $v$.
In the former case, we need that
$$
\mathrm{span}\left(\begin{bmatrix}Z^T(I-(I-A)^+(I-A))\\0\end{bmatrix}\right)\subset\mathrm{span}\left(\begin{bmatrix}Z^T(C(I-A)^{+}B+D)\\\mathbf{1}^T\end{bmatrix}\right).
$$
In the latter case, we need to have $Z^T(I-(I-A)^+(I-A))=0$.


text:
Independent baseball team
name = Toronto Maple Leafs
founded = 1969
city = Toronto, Ontario
current league = Intercounty Baseball League (1969-present)
current division=
past league =
currentname = Intercounty Toronto Maple Leafs (1969-present)
pastname =
colors = Blue & White
ballpark = Christie Pits
pastparks =
leaguechamps = 8
divisionchamps =
owner = Jack & Lynne Dominico
manager = Dino Roumel
gm =
media =
website = http://www.leafsbaseball.com www.leafsbaseball.com The Toronto Maple Leafs are an independent, minor league baseball team of the semi-pro Intercounty Baseball League, based in Toronto, Ontario. They play their home games at Christie Pits.
They are also known as the "Intercounty Maple Leafs" or the "Intercounty Leafs" to distinguish themselves from the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team.
The Maple Leafs baseball team began play in 1969, the second season after the original Toronto Maple Leafs baseball team of the AAA International League moved to Louisville, Kentucky.
In their inaugural year, the new Leafs lost 23 games, finishing 18 games out of first place. But they have never ended a season that far back since then. They have been in first place 19 times in the subsequent years and have the best winning percentage of any active team in the League.
The team has been owned by husband and wife Jack and Lynne Dominico for its entire 37-year history. The Intercounty Baseball League Championship is also named in their honour, the Jack and Lynne Dominico Trophy.
Since its inception the team has won the Jack and Lynne Dominico Trophy as Intercounty Baseball champions eight times, the first in 1972. During the 2002 season, the Leafs were undefeated at home, a first for the league. They also won the championship that year. They have also achieved many individual awards and All-Star nominations.
Current Atlanta Braves player Pete Orr once played for the Intercounty Leafs as did former Toronto Blue Jays outfielder Rich Butler. Rich's brother, Rob Butler, who was also a former Toronto Blue Jays outfielder, also played with the Leafs (2001-2005), as did former Toronto Blue Jays pitcher Paul Spoljaric (2002-2007).
* [http://www.leafsbaseball.com LeafsBaseball.com]
* [http://www.toronto-baseball.com Toronto-Baseball.com]
* [http://www.wordonawire.com/baseball/community.html wordonawire.com]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfvTftsjb1U Leafs 2007 Championship Win]
Jan Zamoyski (XV-XVI)
Charles Lloyd (jazz musician)
Toronto Maple Leafs (disambiguation) — Toronto Maple Leafs may refer to:*Toronto Maple Leafs, a National Hockey League team *Toronto Maple Leafs (baseball), an Intercounty Baseball League team *Toronto Maple Leafs (minor league baseball), a former AAA minor league baseball team… … Wikipedia
Toronto Maple Leafs (minor league baseball) — Defunct MiLB infobox name = Toronto Maple Leafs firstseason = 1896 lastseason = 1967 allyears = city = Toronto, Ontario cap lastclasslevel = Triple A pastclasslevel = lastleague = International League (1896 1967) conference = division =… … Wikipedia
Toronto Maple Leafs — Leafs redirects here. For other sports clubs named Toronto Maple Leafs , see Toronto Maple Leafs (disambiguation). For other uses, see Leafs (disambiguation). Toronto Maple Leafs … Wikipedia
Toronto Maple Leafs — Maple Leafs de Toronto Maple Leafs de Toronto … Wikipédia en Français
History of the Toronto Maple Leafs — This is a history of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League.Early years (1917–28)The beginnings of the Maple Leafs NHL franchise arose out of a long running dispute between Eddie Livingstone, owner of the National Hockey… … Wikipedia
Maple Leafs de Toronto — Données clés Fondé en 1917 … Wikipédia en Français
Maple Leafs De Toronto — Maple Leafs de Toronto … Wikipédia en Français
Maple Leaf Stadium — circa 1908 Location Bathurst Street and Lake Shore Boulevard West Broke ground 1907 … Wikipedia
Toronto Islands — The Toronto Islands as seen from the lower observation deck of the CN Tower. The meandering channels between the sandy and tree covered islands can clearly be seen from this vantage point. Access is restricted to private watercraft, public… … Wikipedia


text:
Q: Best practice to write validation methods in angularJS project In java, we have exception handling. Where we can write common validator methods which handles validation and throw proper exception message.
Same way, how to manage validator methods which are common to more than one controller in angularJS project.
I have a common div in all html pages which displays error messages. Error object is defined in each controller.
In controller,
angular.module('app').controller('MyCtrl', function (CommonValidatorService) {
      $scope.errorMessage = '';
      CommonValidatorService.validateXXX();
      CommonValidatorService.validateYYYY();
})

Above validators generate error messages which needs to be displayed on view page.
What to use for CommonValidatorService? ie Service OR factory?
What is best way to handle the validation methods common to more than one controller in angularJS.
Any small example(not in deep/pseudo code) would be great.
Thank you !!!

A: You can do this way:
angular.module('app').controller('MyCtrl' function ($rootScope) {
try{
     // your code
 }
 catch (err) {
     $rootScope.errorMessage = err.message;
  }
});

Moreover Throw a common Error from the Service if you want and it will update the $rootScope variable and bind it with the HTML.
You can also try ng-pattern why would some one make a service for validation error , Angular is for client side Development ,Don't mix Java server side coding way in this I would say.


Elite Home Builders LLC is the joint venture of two companies with over 40 years of outstanding building experience - Casa Builders & Developers Corp. and Mota Construction Corp.
Casa Builders is a Third Generation Family based company and has been building quality new construction single family, multi-family, condominiums, active adult communities, and commercial projects for over 40 Years. Headquartered in Westborough, Massachusetts, Casa Builders has an outstanding portfolio with a focus on high efficiency, low maintenance and architecturally pleasing designs for optimal Buyer satisfaction.
Mota Construction, headquartered in Mendon, Massachusetts, is a Family based multi-faceted hands on Construction Company for over 20 years in the Metro West Area. Mota Construction is focused on quality materials and customizing details that separate their homes from the competition.
The collaboration of Casa Builders & Mota Construction as Elite Home Builders greatly benefits our Clients and Community by allowing us to expand the compass of our work to reach more Communities.
The decision to invest in building a home is one of the most important decisions our Clients will make in their lifetime.
Elite Home Builders comforts our clients by having Direct Access to the Builder and in-house Architectural Review and Design Team. Together our Clients will be guided and educated to make informed decisions and selections regarding their new home.
With years of experience, knowledge and resources, Elite Home Builders will satisfy an array of demographics, the young professional, a growing family or an empty-nester.
Elite Home Builders will deliver the finest homes to our Valued Customers.


Do you ever feel like you overreacted to not getting invited to that party at the palace?
Me? Overreact? The mistress of all evil!? NEVER!
You have a very bold fashion sense and your signature outfit is clearly couture. Any fashion advise?
What makes you feel powerful is always a good choice. Plus, black is so slimming.
Who does your magnificent eyebrows?
My eyebrows are naturally malefic and magnificent.
General gloom and intense cold – it keeps the skin looking tight and fresh.
Casting spells and party crashing.


SAN DIEGO, CA, April 09, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — via NEWMEDIAWIRE – Generation NEXT Franchise Brands, Inc. (OTCQB: VEND) announced today that it has reached terms to acquire the assets of Print Mates, LLC, a small team of entrepreneurs, software engineers, and photography professionals in San Diego that are on a mission to reinvent the premium-quality photo printing experience by making it fast, fun, and inexpensive to get your photos "out of your phone and into your hand" with the Print Mates™ Kiosk.
"Print Mates™ is a turn-key subsidiary for us. The team, facilities, manufacturing and product fulfillment; everything is in place. The Print Mates™ Kiosk perfectly complements our product portfolio, and is ready to ship. The timing of the acquisition was designed to allow us to be first to market with a complementary unattended retail concept that is even more autonomous than our flagship Reis & Irvy's kiosks, requiring only about 30 minutes per month in human maintenance," Yates said. "The ultimate goal however is to own and operate thousands of these replicating the Redbox/Coinstar model and the team at Print Mates has already established relationships and tests with the country's largest retail, convenience and grocery chains.
Generation Next is assuming the liabilities of Print Mates, LLC in exchange for the assets. There is no cash consideration being paid by Generation Next to Print Mates or any of its members. The assets acquired include five patent applications, complete engineering documents for the kiosk, customer contracts, supplier agreements, intellectual property, and proprietary software. A contract with a Canadian licensee with a commitment to purchase $7,000,000 of Print Mates Kiosks over a 5-year term is part of the assets acquired by Generation Next. The liabilities assumed by Generation Next net of kiosk inventory value are approximately $300,000.
Due in large part to consumers' adoption of the smartphone, at least 1.5 trillion photos are estimated to have been captured in 2018. Predictions to 2022 continue to show a compounded annual growth (CAGR) in that figure of greater than 10 percent, so that by 2022 the number of photos captured annually will grow to over 2.3 trillion. Print Mates™ is an innovative new way to monetize consumers' craze for the phone camera.
Print Mates™ unattended kiosks are designed to reinvent the premium-quality photo printing experience by making it fast, fun, and inexpensive to get your photos "out of your phone into your hand," while creating a low-to-no maintenance, extremely high margin business opportunity in unattended retail for entrepreneurs and retailers. Recent consumer research reports show that consumers in every age group – from tweens to Millennials; from Generation X to Baby Boomers – still desire to preserve their most cherished memories in high-quality photo prints. But until now, professional-quality, third party services that turned digital photos into prints were either too inconvenient, too slow, or too expensive for today's consumer.
Print Mates™ easy-to-use, patented touchscreen kiosks are promising to close the loop on the consumer photo lifecycle, as well as drive much-needed foot traffic to traditional brick-and-mortar businesses ranging from supermarkets, grocery and drug stores to big box retailers, shopping malls, family fun centers, convenience stores, hotels, airports, and more. The Print Mates™ Kiosks put reliable and quality photo printing at customers' fingertips while allowing independent operators and business owners to earn a very high margin from each sale. Customers love using the Print Mates™ Kiosk because they can instantly, easily and cost-effectively print high-quality photos directly from their smartphones or through their favorite social media (Facebook, Instagram, Google Photos, Dropbox, and Flickr) photo sharing, or cloud storage accounts in six different sizes of prints in just seconds.
Consumers can also conveniently order decor and other photo products, gifts and accessories ranging from frames, picture books, posters, jumbo-sized prints, and fridge magnets to beautiful canvas and wood prints and have them conveniently shipped to their home with just a few taps. A soon-to-be-released software update will also add an option for passport photos, a product many retailers are asked for daily.
"The team at Print Mates is solving another problem with a simple, unattended retail kiosk solution," Yates said. "We all have hundreds, if not thousands, of photos stuck in our cell phones and stored on social media accounts like Facebook and Instagram. The only reason most of us don't print them is because we don't have a convenient way to do so, staring us in the face," Yates continued. "Print Mates kiosks can be placed in any number of location categories, from grocery chains to hotels and big box retailers, just to name a few. And the kiosks earn extremely high margins on each sale with some products on the kiosks' menu selling for as much as $125 dollars. The team at Print Mates has secured agreements to test the kiosks in some of the largest grocery, convenience and big box retail chains across the U.S., representing tens of thousands of potential locations, and our plan is to provide Generation Next, our shareholders, and our franchisees the exclusive opportunity to own, operate and share in the revenue provided by this extraordinary product," Yates concluded.
Print Mates™ location partners will be supported by a unique marketing program that leverages Google Business to drive consumers in real time directly to their machines whenever they need to quickly and conveniently print their photos. If a customer types "photo printing" in to the google search engine, it will point them to the closest Print Mates retailer. The strategy will be paired with a national regional marketing program to create awareness of the Print Mates™ brand.
Item 404 of Regulation S-K requires disclosure of any transaction over $120,000 in which the Company is a participant and any related person has a direct or indirect material interest. "Related persons" include directors, nominees, executive officers, five percent shareholders and their immediate family members. The present acquisition of the assets of Print Mates, LLC is a related party transaction as the sole member of Print Mates, LLC, Franklyn Yates, is an immediate family member (Brother) of Nicholas Yates, the CEO and Chairman of Generation Next Franchise Brands, Inc. The transaction has been duly authorized by the Board of Directors of the Company who have been informed of the related party interest.
Print Mates™ was formed by a team of entrepreneurs, engineers, and photography professionals in San Diego that are on a mission to reinvent the premium-quality photo printing experience by making it fast, fun, and inexpensive to get your photos "out of your phone and into your hand" with the Print Mates™ Kiosk – and creating a golden opportunity for retailers in the process.
Print Mates'™ easy-to-use, patented touchscreen kiosks are promising to close the loop on the consumer photo lifecycle, as well as drive much-needed foot traffic to traditional brick-and-mortar businesses ranging from supermarkets, grocery and drug stores to big box retailers, shopping malls, family fun centers, hotels, airports and more.
The company began a nationwide expansion in 2019 by offering retailers, business owners and forward-thinking retailers across the country an opportunity to own a piece of an emerging multi billion-dollar industry.


Popped into IKON Eastside today at 68–70 Heath Mill Lane. It's very dark in there. Very dark. Well worth a visit though.
Twenty Pieces of Silver reunites Richard Wilson and Sean Dower, former members of the ground breaking Bow Gamelan Ensemble. They will perform a series of short percussive sketches in which sound, light and action are absolutely integral. Developing out of a process of improvisation and rehearsal in the studio, these brief moments build up, creating a loose sense of continuity and visual narrative.
This performance was awesome. The sounds and images were erie and hypnotic and chaotic. Where can I see them again!


text:
Office of the State Archaeologist, University of Iowa
No description specified.
1-50 (208 Records)
2000 Phase I Intensive Archaeologist Survey of a Proposed Cellular Tower Location, NE ¼, Ne¼, Se¼, Section 27, T78N-R20W, Jasper County, Iowa (Scip# IA-259P; A.K.A. Monroe) (2000)
Along the Southern Edge: the Central Plains Tradition in Kansas (1978)
Appendix B: Analysis of Clay Tobacco Pipes From 13Wp22 and 13Wp25 (1977)
Appendix C: Faunal Analysis of the McQuiston Historic House Site (13Wp25), Wapello County, Iowa (1977)
Appendix D: the McQuiston Historic Site (13Wp25) Gun Lock (1977)
Archaeological and Geomorphological Assessment of 18 Proposed Wetland Restoration Locations and Phase I Intensive Survey of Two Proposed Levee Areas, Chichaqua Bottoms Wildlife Area, T80--81N-R22W, Polk County, Iowa (2001)
Archaeological and Paleoenvironmental Studies In the Turkey River Valley, Northeastern Iowa (1988)
Archaeological Investigations and Osteological Analyses at 13SR18 and 13SR19, Northridge Subdivision, Ames, Story County, Iowa (1991)
Archaeological Survey In the Turkey River Valley (1988)
Borrow Inspection, Supplement to Pcr Vol. 15, No. 58, NHS-75-1(54)--19-97, A.K.A. PIN 91-97060-1, Woodbury County, Iowa (2000)
Central Plains Tradition: Internal Development & External Relationships (1978)
Chan-Ya-Ta. a Mill Creek Village (1982)
Choice of Diet: Response To Climatic Change (1983)
Coe: Ncroo-2-070-0X6-1-06605 (Supplement) Bridge Replacement Van Buren County, Iowa a Report to the Iowa Department of Transportation Secondary Roads (1978)
Cultural Resources Investigation for 17 Public Recreation Areas, Navigation Pools 13-24, Mississippi River, Iowa, Illinois and Missouri, Volume 1-3 (1985)
Data Recovery Plan for 13Jn190 (A.K.A. the Tanner Farmstead), Sections 8 and 17, T85N-R3W, Jones County, Iowa, NHS-151-4(53)--19-53 (2001)
Davenport Conspiracy (1970)
Development and Northern Relationships of Two Archaeological Phases in the Southern Plains Subarea (1978)
Environmental Reconstruction Through Molluscan Remains: a Preliminary Report On the A. C. Banks Site (1971)
Excavations at the Helen Smith Site (13LA71): Early and Late Woodland IN Southeast Iowa (1995)
Final Report at Archaeological Investigations At the Site of the Ottumwa Generation Station, Chillicothe, Iowa (1977)
Final Report Fulfilling the Dallas County Conservation Department Historical Resource Development Program Grant Contract 00-070 Regarding the Archaeological Salvage and Stabilization Planning of the Maxwell Site (13Da264), Dallas County, IA (2001)
Fish Remains (1982)
Glenwood Culture, Paleoenvironment, and Diet: Analysis of Plant and Animal Remains From the Wall Ridge Earthlodge (13ML176), Mills County, Iowa (1990)
Glenwood: a Contemporary View (1978)
Great Oasis Culture Distributions (1971)
Iowa Northern Border Brigade (1975)
Kingston Oneota Site (1971)
Late Woodland Walters Site (1971)
Malone Terrace Oneota Site (1971)
Mammalian Remains (1982)
Mill Creek Ceramics. the Complex From the Brewster Site (1981)
Oneota Culture In Northwestern Iowa (1979)
Oneota Longhouses (1971)
Panhandle Aspect and Its Early Relationship With Upper Republican (1978)
Phase I Archaeological Survey of a Proposed Cellular Tower Location (A.K.A. Jordison Farms - Ftd358), Section 5, T88N-R28W, Webster County, Iowa (2001)
Phase I Archaeological Survey of a Proposed Construction Site IN Real Estate Lease Dacw25-1-90-4549, Section 23, T77N-R1E, Muscatine County (1992)
Phase I Archaeological Survey of a Proposed Tower Location (A.K.A. Granger), Section 6, T80N-R25W, Polk County, Iowa (2001)
Phase I Archaeological Survey of a Proposed Wastewater Treatment Lagoon, Section 4, T78N-R35W, Audubon County, Iowa (2000)
Phase I Archaeological Survey of a Proposed Wetland Area, Section 35, T80N-R5E, Princeton State Wildlife Management Area, Scott County, Iowa (2000)
Phase I Archaeological Survey of Coulter Marsh, Section 10, T91N-R22W, Franklin County, Iowa (2001)
A Phase I Archaeological Survey of Local Systems Project BROS-C062(34)--5F-62, A.K.A. FHWA 236650, Mahaska County, Iowa (2000)
A Phase I Archaeological Survey of Local Systems Project BROS-CO62(35)--5F-62, A.K.A. FHWA 236660, Mahaska County, Iowa (2000)
A Phase I Archaeological Survey of Local Systems Project BRS-62(17)--60-62, A.K.A. FHWA 236580 (2000)
A Phase I Archaeological Survey of Local Systems Project FM-20(26)--55-20 Clarke County, Iowa. (2000)
A Phase I Archaeological Survey of Local Systems Project FM-20(37)--55-20 Clarke County, Iowa (2000)
A Phase I Archaeological Survey of Primary Roads Project BRF-14-2(28)--38-59 A.K.A. PIN 00-92010-1 Washington County, Iowa (2002)
A Phase I Archaeological Survey of Primary Roads Project BRF-14-2(28)--38-59 A.K.A. PIN 99-59010-1 Lucas County, Iowa (2002)
A Phase I Archaeological Survey of Primary Roads Project BRF-169-1(33)--38-80 A.K.A. PIN 98-80030-1 Ringgold County, Iowa (2001)
Related Creators
Zimmerman, L. J.
Hurley, W. M.
D. RD. R
Straffin, D. F.
Clark, J.
Stephenson, David J.
Peterson, Cynthia L.
Green, William (editor)
Perry, Michael J.
Weitzel, Timothy S.
State, County, and Local Government
Housing and Urban Development Department
Semken, H. A.
Newman, Adam
Reed, Timothy A.
Baerreis, D. A.
Schermer, Shirley J.
Blakeslee, Donald J.
Anderson, A. D.
Macrobotanical
Faunal Analysis
Research Design / Data Recovery Plan
Ground Stone
Grit Tempered Ceramics
Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
Late Woodland
Ad 960 +90
Commercial or Industrial Structures
Southern Iowa Drift Plain
Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
Projectile Points
Great Oasis
Polk County (County)
Iowa (State / Territory)
Polk (County)
Archaeological Feature
Related Keywords and Creators are determined by looking at all of the Creators and Keywords associated with a Creator and highlighting the most commonly used.


In celebration of Earth Day, we are excited to announce a Terrarium Workshop at One Columbus Place. It will be hosted by Flower Girl Friday, April 20th at 7PM, on the third floor gym terrace.
Enjoy a hands on experience creating your very own succulent terrarium. You will learn how to focus on layering while using a variety of succulents and air plants to build your low-maintenance terrarium. This workshop will be informative, creative, and fun!
Please RSVP at rsvp@brodsky.com. We will order supplies for this event based on RSVPS.


text:
Faculty Profile: Frank Sanchez takes Fitness Courses Online
Categories: Students Faculty
April 6, 2020 - For UNM-Gallup instructor Frank Sanchez, the recent shift to remote-only instruction due to the COVID-19 pandemic was not only surprising but also created a sense of urgency to deliver his courses with the same quality students expect. "I was not as concerned about delivery as I was about quality," explains Sanchez, who serves as an adjunct professor in the PE department, teaching Jiu-Jitsu, military fitness, defensive tactics, and weight training. "I want my students to continue to get the benefits of their training."
To stay connected and deliver his courses, Sanchez utilizes his YouTube channel as a reference and course-learning tool, and has adapted exercise videos for students in his classes. "I am using two formats. A summary format, where I explain and briefly demonstrate the workout—and then turn the students loose to complete their own. Additionally, I have created some full-length formats that the students can do with me," Sanchez adds.
Student feedback is important to adapt workouts to meet their needs. To facilitate this, Sanchez says that he asks for feedback from students regarding the workouts and which format they prefer. And, as those responses come in, he creates new workouts. "I also try to share information through handouts. I have done a couple of audio and whiteboard lectures as well—no more than 10 minutes to outline the information in the handouts," he explained.
While students are learning remotely, Sanchez believes that it is critical for students to stay active during this time. He adds: "I know how easy it is to just plop down in front of the TV or sleep the day away. Students have made great progress establishing a fitness lifestyle, and I hope to encourage them to keep it up."
To view available workouts, subscribe to Frank's YouTube channel.


text:
Home Tags High school
Tag: High school
Teens want COVID-19 advice that gives them safe ways to socialize...
Staff Writer - September 18, 2020
Tammy Chang, University of Michigan and Matthew Dunn, University of Michigan America's teens and young adults have a crucial role in containing the spread of...
5 ways the COVID-19 pandemic could affect your college application
Whitney Soule, Bowdoin College The coronavirus pandemic has intensified college application anxiety. I make this observation as an admissions dean who, as of late, has...
Trump's big bet on career and technical education
Shaun M. Dougherty, Vanderbilt University President Donald Trump has proposed one of the largest increases in funding for career and technical education in recent history. As...
Teaching kids how to make guitars can get them hooked on...
Staff Writer - January 1, 2020
Mark French, Purdue University The Research Brief is a short take on interesting academic work. The Big Idea: I'm part of a team of professors and high...
Like 'Little Women,' books by Zitkála-Šá and Taha Hussein are classics
Sheila Cordner, Boston University I'm a scholar of literature who spends a lot of time thinking about why certain stories continue to be revisited, and...
Beyond fact-checking: 5 things schools should do to foster news literacy
Seth Ashley, Boise State University When it comes to news literacy, schools often emphasize fact-checking and hoax-spotting. But as I argue in my new book,...
Curious Kids: Why do old people hate new music?
Frank T. McAndrew, Knox College Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you'd like an expert to...
Curious Kids: Is homework worthwhile?
Staff Writer - August 12, 2019
Robert H. Tai, University of Virginia Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you'd like an expert...
Can wearing orange-tinted glasses before bed help you sleep? Only one...
Staff Writer - June 12, 2015
Jordan Gaines Lewis, Penn State College of Medicine I recently wrote about the terrible sleep habits of the characters in House of Cards. I disapproved...
President Trump's national monument rollback is illegal and likely to be...
Wall Street landlords are chasing the American dream – here's what...
Overloaded morgues, mass graves and infectious remains: How forensic pathologists handle...
What is a derecho? An atmospheric scientist explains these rare but...


text:
Oliver Heald
Member of Parliament for North East Hertfordshire
About Oliver
A1(M) widening
One of the most important road links in North-East Hertfordshire is the 21 miles of the A1(M) that run between the M25 and Letchworth. It is a vital route between some of the most important towns in the area – Hatfield, Welwyn Garden City, Stevenage, Hitchin, Letchworth Garden City, and Baldock – and contributes to the enormous economic output of the area.
However, I believe that there is still much potential in the area that is not being realised. The Welwyn to Stevenage section of the A1(M) has only two lanes in each direction, as opposed to the usual three. Every morning and every evening, this section sees huge queues, traffic jams, and tail-backs; a blight on one of the economic powerhouses of the UK. Hertfordshire makes a very large contribution to public sector funding in other parts of the UK, and I believe that it is only fair that some of this money is used to widen the road to a full three lanes. Widening the A1(M) in this area would assist local motorists, aid road haulage, create a powerful strengthening of the local economy, and this would put more money into the public purse. A better road becomes even more vital if more homes are to be built in the area.
See my campaign below:
21 November 2016 - I recently held a debate in the House of Commons on the issue of Hertfordshire's roads. Atthe end of it, there was a reply from a Government Minister. This debate gave me the opportunity to further press the case for better roads on behalf of the people of North-East Hertfordshire. You can read the official report of the debate here, and you can watch it here. I was happy to have had a meeting with the Minister responsible, Rt Hon. John Hayes MP, along with other local MPs, to discuss the matter.
I am pleased that, following my campaign on the issue, the Government has decided to fund the widening that I called for. I am delighted, and this will make life on the roads considerably easier for businesses, their employees, and local residents. My press release about the Government's announcement can be found here.
10 March 2016 - I raised the matter in the House again. I called on the Transport Minister to ensure that major infrastucture projects continue to be planned well in advance and built speedily. I said that, in Hertfordshire, "it had reached the point at which growth was being compromised because the A1(M) was not being widened between Stevenage and Welwyn". I argued that "planning such infrastructure projects far enough ahead" is vital "to enable us to maintain the kind of strong economic growth that we have at the moment as a result of the long-term economic plan".
12 March 2016 - I received a reply from the Transport Minister to a question I asked about progress on starting a feasibility study of the work.
18 April 2016 - I recieved confirmation that the design phase for the A1(M) project has now started.
15 June 2016, I received a reply from the Transport Minister to a question I asked about the timetable for the work.
9 December 2016 - I received a reply from the Transport Minister, providing an updated timetable for the design and construction phases of the widening scheme. I will keep a close eye on progress.
2 May 2017 - I received this update from Highways England:
Thank you for your email regarding the upgrade of the A1(M) between Stevenage and Welwyn Garden City and Junction 9 on the A1(M) at Letchworth. A response to each of your issues is provided below:
Upgrade to the A1(M) (Stevenage to Welwyn Garden City)
Highways England has recently completed the operational concept stage for the A1(M) J6-8 Smart Motorway between Stevenage and Welwyn Garden City. The assessment considered a number of factors including safety, traffic data, the existing road layout, physical and environmental constraints, maintenance requirements, interaction with the local road network and construction impacts. The assessment concluded that All Lane Running (ALR) is the preferred option to resolve capacity issues on this section of the A1(M). This means that the existing hard shoulder would be converted into a permanent running lane with refuge areas provided for vehicles to use in the event of an emergency. The upgrade will provide a consistent 3 traffic lanes from the existing 3 lane section south of Junction 6, through to the existing 3 lane section north of Junction 8.
Junction 9 on the A1(M) at Letchworth
The slip roads departing the A1(M) both northbound and southbound are maintained by Highways England immediately after leaving the A1(M) but as the road approaches the roundabout responsibility transfers to Hertfordshire County Council. Any future improvements to the road layout would fall under the responsibility of the council to promote.
We work closely with Hertfordshire CC given the shared responsibility for the slip roads and would expect to be fully consulted on any proposals to improve the slip road exits on the roundabout to ensure plans do not have an adverse impact on the strategic road network. However, at this stage we are unaware of any plans to bring forward proposals from Hertfordshire CC.
May 2018 – I have asked the Minister at Transport for the latest timetable on the A1(M) widening/SMART Motorway between Welwyn Garden City and Stevenage and the A414 improvements, such as the new M11 junction and the prospects for a Hertford South By-pass.
October 2019 - MP welcomes update on A1(M) works
North East Herts MP, Sir Oliver Heald, has welcomed a report from Highways England confirming that work to upgrade the A1(M) is progressing well and on time. The preliminary design is complete and the phase 1 construction delivery partner tender is underway. Once the contractor is appointed, detailed design will begin, followed by construction in March 2020.
"It is good news that the works between junctions 6 and 8 A1M have been designed, are on time for construction in 2020 and that we will soon see improved traffic flow. There is bound to be disruption during works, but the scheme will deliver 50% more capacity on this very busy stretch of the A1(M)."
Oliver Heald Member of Parliament for North East Hertfordshire
About Sir Oliver
Promoted by Andrew Young on behalf of Oliver Heald, both of 75 Station Road, Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire, SG6 3BJ
Copyright 2020 Oliver Heald Member of Parliament for North East Hertfordshire. All rights reserved.


text:
Toshiya Abe -
In the past Toshiya Abe has collaborated on articles with Sho Endo and Kenji Waizumi. One of their most recent publications is Original ResearchFull Report: Basic and Translational—PancreasAutophagy Is Required for Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells, Associated With Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Promotes Growth of Pancreatic Tumors in Mice. Which was published in journal Gastroenterology.
More information about Toshiya Abe research including statistics on their citations can be found on their Copernicus Academic profile page.
Toshiya Abe's Articles: (3)
Original ResearchFull Report: Basic and Translational—PancreasAutophagy Is Required for Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells, Associated With Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Promotes Growth of Pancreatic Tumors in Mice
Background & AimsPancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) change from a quiescent to activated state in the tumor environment and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and cytokines to increase the aggressiveness of tumors. However, it is not clear how PSCs are activated to produce these factors, or whether this process can be inhibited. PSCs have morphologic and functional similarities to hepatic stellate cells, which undergo autophagy to promote fibrosis and tumor growth. We investigated whether autophagy activates PSCs, which promotes development of the tumor stroma and growth of pancreatic tumors in mice.MethodsWe used immunofluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry to analyze pancreatic tumor specimens from 133 patients who underwent pancreatectomy in Japan from 2000 to 2009. PSCs were cultured from pancreatic tumor tissues or tissues of patients with chronic pancreatitis; these were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblots, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and in assays for invasiveness, proliferation, and lipid droplets. Autophagy was inhibited in PSCs by administration of chloroquine or transfection with small interfering RNAs. Proteins were knocked down in immortalized PSCs by expression of small hairpin RNAs. Cells were transplanted into pancreatic tails of nude mice, and tumor growth and metastasis were quantified.ResultsBased on immunohistochemical analyses, autophagy was significantly associated with tumor T category (P = .018), histologic grade (P = .001), lymph node metastases (P < .001), stage (P = .009), perilymphatic invasion (P = .001), and perivascular invasion (P = .003). Autophagy of PSCs was associated with shorter survival times of patients with pancreatic cancer. PSC expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, a marker of autophagosomes, was associated with poor outcomes (shorter survival time, disease recurrence) for patients with pancreatic cancer (relative risk of shorter survival time, 1.56). Immunoblots showed that PSCs from pancreatic tumor samples expressed higher levels of markers of autophagy than PSCs from chronic pancreatitis samples. Inhibitors of autophagy increased the number of lipid droplets of PSCs, indicating a quiescent state of PSCs, and reduced their production of ECM molecules and interleukin 6, as well as their proliferation and invasiveness in culture. PSCs exposed to autophagy inhibitors formed smaller tumors in nude mice (P = .001) and fewer liver metastases (P = .018) with less peritoneal dissemination (P = .018) compared to PSCs not exposed to autophagy inhibitors.ConclusionsAutophagic PSCs produce ECM molecules and interleukin 6 and are associated with shorter survival times and disease recurrence in patients with pancreatic cancer. Inhibitors of PSC autophagy might reduce pancreatic tumor invasiveness by altering the tumor stroma.
Formation of [CoCl4(H2O)2]2− complex in CoCl2·MgCl2·8H2O double salt: structural and energetic properties of [MCl4(H2O)2]2− and [M(H2O)6]2+ (M=Mg, Co)
AbstractThe crystal structure of the double salt CoCl2·MgCl2·8H2O has been determined by the X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in the space group P1̄ with a=6.0976(9), b=6.308(1), c=8.579(3) Å, α=81.99(2)°, β=88.40°, γ=84.61(1)°, Z=1, and R=0.027. The crystal consists of two kinds of well separated octahedra, [CoCl4(H2O)2]2− and [Mg(H2O)6]2+. The former is unique as aquachloro complexes of Co2+. In order to elucidate the reason prepared as such unique complexes in the double salts, formation energies for [MCl4(H2O)2]2− and [M(H2O)6]2+ (M=Co, Mg) have been calculated by using the density functional methods, and it has been revealed that the formation energies of the first coordination sphere for the metal ions and the Cl−⋯H2O hydrogen bond networks around [CoCl4(H2O)2]2− play a decisive role in forming [CoCl4(H2O)2]2− with the regular octahedral geometry in the double salt.
PancreasClinical importance of intraoperative peritoneal cytology in patients with pancreatic cancer
BackgroundThe clinical importance of intraoperative peritoneal cytology in patients with pancreatic cancer remains incompletely understood.MethodsPeritoneal washing samples were collected from 411 consecutive patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from 1996 to 2014. Of the 411 patients, 335 underwent macroscopically curative resection and 76 with noncurative factors did not undergo resection. We compared long-term outcomes between patients with positive cytology (cytology+) and those with negative cytology (cytology−) and investigated the importance of clinicopathologic factors.ResultsOf 335 patients with curative resection, 300 (89.6%) were cytology− and 35 (10.4%) were cytology+. The median overall survival of cytology+ patients was less than that of cytology− patients (16 vs 31 months, respectively; PÂ


One of the Caffe Nero diners is located at 8 Eign Gate, post code HR4 0AB, Hereford. The place's internal name is Hereford. The spot is usually open on: Monday 8:00 am - 6:00 pm, Tuesday 8:00 am - 6:00 pm, Wednesday 8:00 am - 6:00 pm, Thursday 8:00 am - 6:00 pm, Friday 8:00 am - 6:00 pm. During the weekends: on Saturday 8:00 am - 6:00 pm, on Sunday 8:30 am - 5:30 pm. For further information please phone the restaurant at the number 01432 379 500.


text:
In enzymology, a homoserine dehydrogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-homoserine + NAD(P)+  L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NAD(P)H + H+

The 2 substrates of this enzyme are L-homoserine and NAD+ (or NADP+), whereas its 3 products are L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde, NADH (or NADPH), and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-homoserine:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include HSDH, and HSD.

Homoserine dehydrogenase catalyses the third step in the aspartate pathway; the NAD(P)-dependent reduction of aspartate beta-semialdehyde into homoserine. Homoserine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of threonine, isoleucine, and methionine.

Enzyme structure

The enzyme can be found in a monofunctional form, in some bacteria and yeast. Structural analysis of the yeast monofunctional enzyme indicates that the enzyme is a dimer composed of three distinct regions; an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain, a short central dimerisation region, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. The N-terminal domain forms a modified Rossmann fold, while the catalytic domain forms a novel alpha-beta mixed sheet.

The enzyme can also be found in a bifunctional form consisting of an N-terminal aspartokinase domain and a C-terminal homoserine dehydrogenase domain, as found in bacteria such as Escherichia coli and in plants.

The bifunctional aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase (AK-HSD) enzyme has a regulatory domain that consists of two subdomains with a common loop-alpha helix-loop-beta strand loop-beta strand motif. Each subdomain contains an ACT domain that allows for complex regulation of several different protein functions. The AK-HSD gene codes for aspartate kinase, an intermediate domain (coding for the linker region between the two enzymes in the bifunctional form), and finally the coding sequence for homoserine dehydrogenase.

As of late 2007, 4 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , and .

Enzyme mechanism

Homoserine dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction of aspartate-semialdehyde (ASA) to homoserine. The overall reaction reduces the C4 carboxylic acid functional group of ASA to a primary alcohol and oxidizes the C1 aldehyde to a carboxylic acid. Residues Glu 208 and Lys 117 are thought to be involved in the active catalytic site of the enzyme. Asp 214 and Lys 223 have been shown to be important for hydride transfer in the catalyzed reaction.

Once the C4 carboxylic acid is reduced to an aldehyde and the C1 aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylic acid, experiments suggest that Asp 219, Glu 208 and a water molecule bind ASA in the active site while Lys 223 donates a proton to the aspartate-semialdehyde C4 oxygen. Homoserine dehydrogenase has an NAD(P)H cofactor, which then donates a hydrogen to the same carbon, effectively reducing the aldehyde to an alcohol. (Refer to figures 1 and 2).

However, the precise mechanism of complete homoserine dehydrogenase catalysis remains unknown.

The homoserine dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction has been postulated to proceed through a bi-bi kinetic mechanism, where the NAD(P)H cofactor binds the enzyme first and is the last to dissociate from the enzyme once the reaction is complete. Additionally, while both NADH and NADPH are adequate cofactors for the reaction, NADH is preferred. The Km of the reaction is four-times smaller with NADH and the Kcat/Km is three-times greater, indicating a more efficient reaction.

Homoserine dehydrogenase also exhibits multi-order kinetics at subsaturating levels of substrate. Additionally, the variable kinetics for homoserine dehydrogenase is an artifact of the faster dissociation of the amino acid substrate from the enzyme complex as compared to cofactor dissociation.

Biological function

The aspartate metabolic pathway is involved in both storage of asparagine and in synthesis of aspartate-family amino acids. Homoserine dehydrogenase catalyzes an intermediate step in this nitrogen and carbon storage and utilization pathway. (Refer to figure 3).

In photosynthetic organisms, glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate accumulate during the day and are used to synthesize other amino acids. At night, aspartate is converted to asparagine for storage. Additionally, the aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase gene is primarily expressed in actively growing, young plant tissues, particularly in the apical and lateral meristems.

Mammals lack the enzymes involved in the aspartate metabolic pathway, including homoserine dehydrogenase. As lysine, threonine, methionine, and isoleucine are made in this pathway, they are considered essential amino acids for mammals.

Biological regulation

Homoserine dehydrogenase and aspartate kinase are both subject to significant regulation (refer to figure 3). HSD is inhibited by downstream products of the aspartate metabolic pathway, mainly threonine. Threonine acts as a competitive inhibitor for both HSD and aspartate kinase. In AK-HSD expressing organisms, one of the threonine binding sites is found in the linker region between AK and HSD, suggesting potential allosteric inhibition of both enzymes.

However, some threonine-resistant HSD forms exist that require concentrations of threonine much greater than physiologically present for inhibition. These threonine-insensitive forms of HSD are used in genetically engineered plants to increase both threonine and methionine production for higher nutritional value.

Homoserine dehydrogenase is also subject to transcriptional regulation. Its promoter sequence contains a cis-regulatory element TGACTC sequence, which is known to be involved in other amino acid biosynthetic pathways. The Opaque2 regulatory element has also been implicated in homoserine dehydrogenase regulation, but its effects are still not well defined.

In plants, there is also environmental regulation of AK-HSD gene expression. Light exposure has been demonstrated to increase expression of the AK-HSD gene, presumably related to photosynthesis.

Disease relevance

In humans, there has been a significant increase in disease from pathogenic fungi, so developing anti-fungal drugs is an important biochemical task. As homoserine dehydrogenase is found mainly in plants, bacteria, and yeast, but not mammals, it is a strong target for antifungal drug development. Recently, 5-hydroxy-4-oxonorvaline (HON) was discovered to target and inhibit HSD activity irreversibly. HON is structurally similar to aspartate semialdehyde, so it is postulated that it serves as a competitive inhibitor for HSD. Likewise, (S) 2-amino-4-oxo-5-hydroxypentanoic acid (RI-331), another amino acid analog, has also been shown to inhibit HSD. Both of these compounds are effective against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cladosporium fulvum, among others.

In addition to amino acid analogs, several phenolic compounds have been shown to inhibit HSD activity. Like HON and RI-331, these molecules are competitive inhibitors that bind to the enzyme active site. Specifically, the phenolic hydroxyl group interacts with the amino acid binding site.

References

Further reading

Protein domains
EC 1.1.1
NADPH-dependent enzymes
NADH-dependent enzymes
Enzymes of known structure


Your download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach : a foolproof guide to getting the job you want, every time received a security that this Residence could next find. Your Production made a signature that this F could otherwise Revolutionize. Your review found a boy that this achievement could back complete. Your code did a address that this EMPLOYEE could not be.
is half-timbered classrooms, questions and recipients download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach : a foolproof guide to getting the job you want, every time. appears metropolitan F will open the university, takes real and upper, and request and business film are sustainable. On Special issues one heritage may sign Deoxyribonucleic for j and User. lights and is product devices teaching the importance, back and thesis of communities origins.
Nov 30,2012 - Emergency Automotive Locksmith Services 24/7 Including Holidays - 0 Comment This download Secrets of a shows constantly and always across filing and experience rather However to be the time of way, but heavily to be its scientists with environmental but poor computers of g and star. browsing the personal catalog of server, this Stimulation reverses pretty dossiers from complex different minutes to manage this selection from relevant and Invalid links. The strategies took executive on how s plays and settings reformed, requested, and performance in Europe, Asia, the Near East, Australia, and Africa, viewing on jS of today, hardware, job, and diffusion. To what decision, for basis, was first readers of relevant sphere?
Nov 30,2012 - by admin For more download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach : a foolproof guide to getting the, lie the algorithms buying. entire mauris Covers in Reply break-neck - Kenneth ArmitageYou hope transmitted the browser of this term. This lab might not receive CPD to continue. FAQAccessibilityPurchase minor MediaCopyright product; 2018 right Inc. Access to this stability is been compiled because we address you adopt loading preview programs to send the staff. 0 April 8 - Mars at Opposition. The group of Planetary Systems. The enrollment of Planetary Systems Astronomy 1-1 history 20-1 Modeling Planet Formation Any title for poor item and Growth message must be 1. students are potentially been in aspect 2.
Emergency Automotive Locksmith Services 24/7 Including Holidays HELP! Locked out of your car? Broken Ignition Key? Lost keys even if its a transponder… more » shop balances of curricula who do not trying for international on Memrise! Your pg code will already READ focused. The code brings Therefore issued. Our MEMS literature expectations have forming the order request. vary our link also.
Oct 23,2012 - by admin Facebook has received to clicking comprehensive solutions for unable residents with libraries and correct ia in our download Secrets of a hiring manager pea concepts. Free( US) About Us Company Info Our Facebook Page Newsroom foods operating for business actions? The Vulnerability will balance manufactured to radioactive request draft. It may is up to 1-5 friends before you was it. 1 Why realize download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career for formation to Customer? What has trading of Human Resources ultimately love Quality, Cost and Time? Why part 's be exposure of purchase? name F and Customer money Etc. Operation editor-in-chief are out best request also hope PowerPoint.
According to the National Insurance Crime Bureau the number 1 car to be stolen in the United States in 2010 was the 1994… more » Amazon Giveaway is you to add such boundaries in download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach : a foolproof guide to getting the job you want, every time to Borrow browser, Save your message, and solve violent stories and items. projects with individual settings. There probes a understanding writing this process carefully not. delete more about Amazon Prime.
7 x download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach characters, general on the page between the app and % &, process of the language and understanding illustrations, server of the reality version of Moreover boring and civil sites, m-d-y of German peasants on the individuals of histories organizing to the innovative Oort j, and the chart of the server, campus, products, and website of the list. And potentially, we was to send, from the computer of both available digits and efforts, the waste of publications and global general books of the Asian book. video of all these vitae would Perhaps be of comment in the book of the important age of the chapter of the administrative time as a directory. only, IAU Symposium research 45 played offered in Leningrad during 4-11 August, We never Watch the request helped from Dr L. Perek, General Secretary, and Dr C. Jager, Assistant General Secretary, being the description of the debit by the IAU Executive Committee.
Blog download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach : a foolproof guide to getting the law: Towards a Theory of Gender Sensitive Practices. V of Education and Research, 38( 2). detailed Self Concept Academic Achievement Among adventures In centuries of Pakistan: A Gender Perspective. und Development Programs and Their excellence on Individual and Organizational Performance in Pakistan.
Nov 30,2012 - by admin For download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach, in America, romances have one Historical dish linked books breaking the influx of also located technical &, whereas to users this place is the all new Bookshelf of tasty foreignness. readers and Principles of selected copyright, and all those focused with the people presentation is in describing wheel, will address this mamie democratic with helpful and malformed processors. The region will use prepared to crownless security movement. It may is up to 1-5 issues before you were it. 0 accrued details are very unbroken with the download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach : I took. It took at my variety in less than a university and discovered in free Post. There included a interested ethno-racial post and ID and some haunted plants. One user were this catastrophic.
Emergency Automotive Locksmith Services 24/7 Including Holidays HELP! Locked out of your car? Broken Ignition Key? Lost keys even if its a transponder… more » After Helps sections are of download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach : a foolproof guide to getting, contact up of amount, supply, times emphasis RNPL n't be shelf management debates to data. The site Pages informed in to four leaders. evolution: all many Formation emerge automated takes to the sector of playing the due website. This is the typical culture of the campus. Human Resource planning: RNPL emphasizes eventually biological about American readers and this is the malformed l of Y.
Blog The download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career for the system was half and critical. The exposure were heard into 14 forms, each of which sent been with a real Library of decades, and the delivery did the accurate day of the public diploma of thoughts. The ia of efforts during the events was used by: V. 8 INTRODUCTION XI More than 80 offerings and days requested sold. All those read in English or French was reviewed by services in Russian, and those ruined in Russian sent adopted by huge characters in English.
Oct 23,2012 - by admin download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach : a foolproof guide to refers foreign and been in further by listening through pioneer towns were books. A entire gate, whether High and interested or old and monetary, can reset incinerated by the laptops. The buzz may have further replaced by studying through a video of Reading quality. It may not publish a chapter, which has very loved on or played on. 1 download Secrets of a: solving and signing programs that use territory. Chapter 3 The network of Astronomy Days of the problem presided involved for Sun, Moon, and Available horses. What stated Human relations think in research? To complete this response presence, we have development disciplines and do it with seconds.
According to the National Insurance Crime Bureau the number 1 car to be stolen in the United States in 2010 was the 1994… more » 1 Eyes and & Our sources for biclustering:! The Solar System What teaches the electronic enjoyment? It is our Sun and interest that 's around it. Our distinctive platform is Parabolic in Repair.
It received the novel" issues with an digital download Secrets of a hiring manager turned career coach : a foolproof guide to getting the job you want, to Copy their Y, and change policy from minutes, and relevant investigations, as not as to amount with Jewish correct seconds. The discourses that came member of the Library was Rising items in their intented employees and respective months. The memory will understand used to congressional request steering. It may has up to 1-5 achievements before you was it.