text:
Crew, Pilot Harvey Stewart Donaldson – 462 Squadron RAAF
Photo supplied by and used with the permission of Ann Lee (Skitch).
Donaldson Crew, 462 Squadron, Foulsham, June to September 1945.
Rear L to R: R/AG George Arthur Douglas Lynch, F/Eng Lemuel Ferdinand Gabourel, MU/AG Joseph John Hobbs.
Front L to R: Nav George Boag Bond, Pilot Harvey Stewart Donaldson, B/A Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch, W/OP William Jack Pring.
Crew signatures on the reverse of the photo are shown below.
Links to: Pilot Donaldson; Navigator Bond;
Bomb Aimer Skitch; Wireless Operator Pring;
Mid-Upper Gunner Hobbs; Rear Gunner Lynch;
Flight Engineer Gabourel; log book details at Foulsham (Skitch);
additional crew information.
Donaldson Crew with a Halifax at 462 Squadron, Foulsham, sometime between June to September 1945. On the original photo, B/Aimer Mervyn Skitch was marked as 5th from the left. The other crew members were not named, and the small size precludes definite identification. One of the ground crew is working with a drum at the right rear of the crew.
Possible identification from left to right:- Pilot Donaldson, Nav Bond, MU/AG Hobbs, R/AG Lynch, Bomb Aimer MVM Skitch, W/OP Pring, F/Eng Gabourel.
If you can correctly match the crew member's names to the photos above and on the right, please make contact.
Note the number of aerials above and below the fuselage. Z5- Code is not visible.
Five members of the Donaldson crew, possibly at 21 OTU Enstone, between October 1944 and late February 1945.
Seated front right is Bomb Aimer Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch.
The others were not named on the original but may be as follows ....
Rear L to R: Nav George Boag Bond, MU/AG Joseph John Hobbs, W/OP William Jack Pring.
Front L: R/AG George Arthur Douglas Lynch. Pilot Donaldson is not shown but may have been taking the photo(?). F/Eng Gabourel would not have joined the crew until after they were posted to 1652 HCU, Marston Moor.
Name: Harvey Stewart DONALDSON
Place of Birth: Bunbury, West Australia
Place of Enlistment: Perth, WA
Next of Kin: Clair DONALDSON
Rank at Posting to 462 Squadron June 1945: Flight Sergeant
Date of Discharge: 4 March 1946
Posting at Discharge: 9 Air Crew Holding Unit (9 ACHU)
Name: George Boag BOND
Place of Birth: Midland Junction, WA
Next of Kin: Dorothy BOND
Posting at Discharge: 9 ACHU
Above: 3rd from the left is Aircraftman Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch 442482 RAAF, and three Air Force friends (names not recorded) in Canada. Skitch commenced training as a Bomb Aimer in early January 1944 at No 7 Bombing & Gunnery School, Paulson, Canada.
Name: Mervyn Vivian Murray SKITCH
Place of Birth: Edwardstown, South Australia
Next of Kin: Cecil SKITCH
Group photo of Bomb Aimers / Observers Canada, including Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch, 442482 RAAF who is 2nd from left in the back row (blue circle). LAC Skitch qualified as "Air Bomber (Armament)" on 7 April 1944, at No 7 BAGS, Paulson, Canada. Sgt Skitch qualified as "Air Bomber (Nav)" on 18 May 1944, at No 7 AOS, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada. The signature of P/O H A Carmichael below (on the right, 2nd from top), is the same as for the logbook certification for both April 1944 and May 1944, when he signed as Chief Supervisory Officer, 7 AOS. Therefore, the above RCAF photo must have been taken at 7 AOS Portage la Prairie, May 1944.
Above: Signatures of the personnel in the Group Photo of the Bomb Aimers / Observers in Canada. Some marked their nationality, and include G B ( Great Britain), Aus (Australia), NZ (New Zealand), Scot (Scotland), and Wales. One Pilot Officer, one Flying Officer, and one Flight Lieutenant would be the three men in the front row (5th, 6th, 7th from left). One Flight Sergeant is in the front row, 3rd from right beside an Officer. The other 24 men appear to be at the rank of Sergeant. One person's signature has his rank of Sgt underlined, indicating that this is a graduation photo taken after the completion of their training, after they had attained of their half wings, and were subsequently promoted to Sergeant. Skitch is the only one who did not sign his copy of the RCAF photo.
Sgt Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch at the rear, and friend, in a Fake Bar, possibly at Coney Island, New York, after training in Canada.
If you can identify the second Sergeant above, or in the Fake Car on the right, please make contact.
This appears to be similar to the Fake Bar as used for photos at Luna Park, Sydney (see Hetherington, or Harris, or Wilson, or Hibberd).
Sgt Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch on the left, and friend, in a Fake Car, possibly at Coney Island, New York, after training in Canada.
On enlargement, the sign on the fence in the painted backdrop (left, rear), reads "To Coney Island".
Skitch was training in Wales by early September 1944.
Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch, about 1947/1948, aged about 24.
Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch, August 1997, aged 73.
Private Cecil Ernest Lee SKITCH, WW1, father of Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch. He was born in 1894, to parents Ernest William SKITCH and Alice Le Lievre LEE. At the time of his enlistment on 4 October 1915, Cecil was a Book-keeper, aged 21. His Regimental Number was 1893, and he served with the 3rd Light Horse Regiment, 13th Reinforcement, embarking on HMAT Borda from Adelaide on 11 January 1916. He attained the rank of Sergeant and returned to Australia on 7 June 1918. (Sources: grand-daughter Ann Lee (Skitch); South Australia Genealogy; and UNSW Australia, AIF Project.)
Cecil Ernest Lee Skitch, father of Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch. In this portrait, Cecil is aged about 35 (photo 1929/1930).
Name: William Jack PRING
Place of Birth: Concord, New South Wales
Date of Enlistment: 9 February 1943
Next of Kin: Samuel PRING
Name: Joseph John HOBBS
Place of Birth: Melbourne, Victoria
Date of Enlistment: 18 June 1943
Next of Kin: Joseph HOBBS
Name: George Arthur Douglas LYNCH
Place of Birth: Geelong, Victoria
Next of Kin: Reginald LYNCH
Name: Lemuel Ferdinand GABOUREL (Lem)
Service: Royal Air Force (Volunteer Reserve)
Date of Birth: 03 (?) June 1918
Place of Birth: Belize City, British Honduras (now Belize)
Date of Enlistment: late 1943
Service Numbers 1820001 to 1830000 were allocated
for issue from November 1943 at Edinburgh
RAF Service Number info from website .... http://www.ab-ix.co.uk/rfc_raf.pdf
Place of Enlistment: Scotland
Next of Kin: Richard Joseph GABOUREL
Rank at Posting to 462 Squadron June 1945: Sergeant
Rank at Posting from 462 Squadron September 1945: Sergeant
Subsequent Postings: Not known
Demob date and place: Not known
Photos supplied by and used with the permission of Ann Lee (Skitch).
Above: June 1945
Above: July 1945
Log book for Bomb Aimer Mervyn Vivian Murray Skitch 442482 RAAF, during posting to 462 Squadron, Foulsham, June to September 1945.
18 June 1945, Halifax J, Pilot F/Lt O'Sullivan, B/A, local, 1h 25m
19 June 1945, Halifax C, Pilot F/Sgt Donaldson, B/A, local, 1h 5m
21 June 1945, Halifax I, Pilot F/Sgt Donaldson, B/A, local 'X' Country, 3h 40m
Signed off by F/Lt J W O'Sullivan, O.C. "A" Flight; 6h 10 m day flying for June 1945. (Flight Lieutenant John Willoughby O'Sullivan, 34053 RAAF, Pilot, crew 43.)
3 July 1945, Halifax J, Pilot W/O Donaldson, B/A, Post Mortem test for Hun Radar, Denmark, 5h 08m
5 July 1945, Halifax H, Pilot W/O Donaldson, B/A, Post Mortem test for Hun Radar, Denmark, 3h 55m
13 July 1945, Halifax A, Pilot W/O Donaldson, B/A, Ruhr, 4h
17 July 1945, Halifax A, Pilot W/O Donaldson, B/A, Ruhr, 4h 05m
Signed off by F/Lt J W O'Sullivan, O.C. "A" Flight; 17h 08m day flying for July 1945.
Above: August & September 1945
Above: Final sign-off September 1945
03 August 1945, Halifax I,, Pilot W/O Donaldson, B/A, Ruhr, 3h 45m
28 August 1945, Halifax H, Pilot W/O Donaldson, B/A, C & L, 1h 10m
Signed off by F/Lt J W O'Sullivan, O.C. "A" Flight; 4h 55m day flying for August 1945.
6 September 1945, Halifax C, Pilot W/O Donaldson, B/A, 4h 30m
Signed off by F/Lt J W O'Sullivan, O.C. "A" Flight; 4h 30m day flying for September 1945.
Log Book signed off by F/Lt J W O'Sullivan, O.C. "A" Flight; total Squadron flying hours, 32h 43m day flying, June to September 1945.
Counter-signed by Wing Commander P M Paull, Officer Commanding 462 Squadron. (Peter McCallum Paull, 270815 RAAF)
Sourced mainly from the RAAF Service File for Rear Gunner G A D LYNCH, and from the Log Book and photos of Bomb Aimer M V M SKITCH. The RAAF Service Files for the other RAAF members of this crew had not yet been digitised as of 1 August 2016. The RAF Service File for F/Eng GABOUREL was not accessible, however information was received from Audrey Dewjee for the 06 October 2022 site update. Due to this crew being non-operational, little information was available from the Squadron ORBs.
This crew was one of the Non-Operational Crews, so is not listed in Squadron Operational flights in the ORB. Such crews carried out training flights, "Cook's Tours" over the Ruhr, and bomb disposal by jettisoning over the North Sea. They may also have transported Senior personnel to and from Germany or Denmark, and possibly transported of ex-Luftwaffe PoWs to the UK. Although such flights were mentioned in the Squadron ORB, the Pilots were not usually listed by name, but if they were listed, the names of the crew were not included. Pilot Donaldson's name was not mentioned, however a copy of Bomb Aimer Skitch's log book has been received, so actual flights by this crew at 462 Squadron are known. This crew participated in 3 Ruhr Tours, and 2 Post Mortem flights to Denmark (Please refer to the Log Book images shown previously.) Postings for the Donaldson crew closely align with those of the Forte Crew.
10 October 1944 – Lynch's Service file states that on this date he was posted to 21 Operational Training Unit (21 OTU, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire, UK.). The original crew of six would have formed soon after their posting there, and would have trained in 2-engine Wellington Bombers. Skitch's Log Book refers to both "D" and "B" Flights, 21 OTU, Enstone, a satellite airfield of Moreton-in-Marsh. Skitch's first training flight with Pilot Donaldson at Enstone was on 30 November 1944, and the last on 21 February 1945.
09 March 1945 – Lynch was posted to 74 Base, 1652 Heavy Conversion Unit (1652 HCU), Marston Moor, Yorkshire for conversion to 4-engine Halifax Bombers. It is assumed that the other 5 members of the crew were also posted to 1652 HCU on the same date. Flight Engineer Gabourel would have joined them at 1652 HCU to make the complete crew of seven. Skitch's first training flight with Pilot Donaldson at Marston Moor was on 15 April 1945, and the last on 30 May 1945.
02 June 1945 – Lynch was posted from 1652 HCU, Marston Moor to 462 Squadron, Foulsham. It is assumed that they were posted as a crew, and the 462 Squadron ORB records their arrival in the June 1945 Form 540 POSTING TO the squadron with their names listed together in the usual crew sequence. The six RAAF members of this crew were all at the rank of Flight Sergeant, and F/Eng Gabourel was at the rank of Sergeant. Skitch's first training flight with Pilot Donaldson at Foulsham was on 19 June 1945, followed by Post Mortem flights to Denmark in July; Ruhr Tours in July and August; and the last log book entry was for 6 September 1945 (see log book details for Foulsham in previous section).
14 July 1945 – A Sports Meeting was held at RAF Station Foulsham, which was attended by Air Vice-Marshal Addison, AOC of 100 Group (photo with Commander of RAF Station Foulsham, Group Captain Willis on 462 Squadron, Foulsham page).
The 462 Squadron ORB Form 540, Part II Administration, for 14 July includes the following .....
"Commencing at 14.00 hours, the Station Annual Sports were held at R.A.F. Station Foulsham Sports ground. The outstanding performances were those of LAC Mitchell (Jamaican), W/O Donaldson (RAAF), and F/S Handley (RAAF). ..... W/O Donaldson of this Squadron created a great surprise by throwing a cricket ball 104 yards and 6 inches."
In the final results for the sports, Station Headquarters were first, 462 Squadron was second, and 192 Squadron was third. The AOC presented prizes to the successful competitors, so Donaldson would have received a prize from Air Vic-Marshal Addison.
17 September 1945 – Lynch was posted from 462 Squadron Foulsham to 9 Air Crew Holding Unit (9 ACHU), RAF Gamston, and again it is assumed the other 5 RAAF crew members were posted out on the same date. Their names were listed as part of a RAAF group in the September 1945 ORB, Form 540, POSTING FROM the squadron.
22 September 1945 – The POSTING OUT of all remaining RAF/RAFVR personnel commenced immediately, with all RAF/RAFVR personnel to be POSTED TO RAF Station Bruntingthorpe. Gabourel's name was included with a group of Flight Engineers from other crews.
George Arthur Douglas LYNCH 429711 RAAF, Rear Gunner (Information sourced from WW2 Nominal Roll, and NAA Series A9301 RAAF Service File. The same posting was occasionally recorded as different dates on different documents, and this may have been due to leave taken before arrival at the new location.)
3 October 1941 – enlisted in the Australian Army at South Melbourne, Victoria; allocated Army service number V150164; next-of-kin was his father, Reginald Lynch; served as Gunner in 15th Field Regiment from November 1941. (His Army Service File is available in the NAA, Series B884.)
12 August 1942 – application to enlist in the RAAF, with previous military service in 15th Field Regiment, BHQ 23rd Battalion for 9 months; previous business address Ormiston Rubber, Moonee Ponds, Melbourne; home address Farmer's Arms Hotel, Numurkah, Victoria, where his father was the licensed victualler. Education was at Geelong College from 1929 to 1939, gaining his Intermediate Certificate in subjects English, Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry & Trigonometry, Chemistry, Physics, French, History & Civics. He had also undertaken further education in Accountancy by whole time tuition at the YMCA, Melbourne. Sports played were football, cricket, tennis and basketball.
20 October 1942 – discharged from the Australian Army, for enlistment in the RAAF.
21 October 1942 – enlisted in the RAAF at No 4 Recruiting Centre (2 RC), Perth, West Australia, for duration of War and up to 1 year after; allocated Service number 429711; single, aged 20, previous civil occupation costing clerk; next-of-kin was his father, Reginald Claude F Lynch, now of the Imperial Hotel, Castlemaine, Victoria; height 5 feet 7½ inches; weight 162 lb; chest expansion 34½ to 37½ inches, blue eyes, brown hair and fair complexion, vision 6/6 both eyes, 2 scars; Presbyterian; Medical Category A3B; mustered as Air Crew V Guard at rank of Air Craftman 2 (AC2); posted to 4 Recruit Depot (4 RD), Busselton, WA. A Fiancee (name and address in Geelong) was listed as an additional person to be informed of casualty.
22 October 1942 – Recruit Drill, until 10 November 1942, at 4 RD, Busselton, "Passed".
12 November 1942 – posted to 14 Squadron
30 January 1943 (or 6 February 1943) – posted to 4 Initial Training School (4 ITS), Victor Harbor, SA
22 March 1943 – remustered as Air Crew V, at 4 ITS
27 March 1943 – promoted to Leading Aircraftman (LAC), at 4 ITS
24 April 1943 – posted to 2 Embarkation Depot (2 ED), Bradfield Park, Sydney
15 June 1943 – embarked from Brisbane, destination Canada
3 July 1943 – disembarked in Canada; attached to Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF); posted to 2 WS, Calgary, RCAF (also listed as 2 WTS, and 2 WAGS, Wireless & Gunnery School)
27 August 1943 – admitted to Station Hospital ("Isol"), discharged on 23 September 1943 (Was "Isol" an Isolation Ward?)
23 September 1943 – admitted to 2 WS Hospital, discharged on 1 November 1943 (Reason for 9 weeks in Hospital not recorded in Service File.)
11 March 1944 – remustered as Wireless Op (Air)
6 May 1944 – posted to 8 Bombing & Gunnery School (8 BAGS), Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, RCAF; Course 80
16 June 1944 – received Air Gunner's Badge, RCAF; promoted to Sergeant (T), RCAF
16 June 1944 – remustered to Wireless Operator Air Gunner, RCAF
16 June 1944 (or 26 June 1944) – posted to No 1 "Y" Depot, Lachine, Canada, RCAF
10 July 1944 – attached to RAF
11 July 1944 – embarked from Halifax, Canada, destination UK
19 July 1944 – disembarked in UK; posted to 11 Personnel Despatch & Reception Centre (11 PDRC), Brighton, UK
23 August 1944 – attached to Aircrew NCO's School, until 19 September 1944
10 October 1944 – posted to 21 OTU, Moreton-in-Marsh (assume formation of Donaldson crew soon after this date)
16 December 1944 – promoted to Flight Sergeant (T), 21 OTU
9 March 1945 – posted to 74 Base, 1652 HCU, Marston Moor (assume with Donaldson crew)
2 June 1945 – posted to 462 Squadron, Foulsham (assume with Donaldson crew, now including Flight Engineer)
17 (or 18) September 1945 – posted to 9 ACHU, Gamston, UK (assume with RAAF members of Donaldson crew)
29 September 1945 (or 3 October 1945) – posted to 11 PDRC, Brighton
Date not recorded 1945 – embarked from UK, destination Australia
4 November 1945 – disembarked Sydney; posted to 2 Personnel Depot
13 December 1945 – posted to 1 Personnel Depot (1 PD), Ransford, Melbourne
16 December 1945 – promoted to Warrant Officer (T), at 1 PD
26 January 1946 – Discharged from RAAF, Rank of Warrant Officer, posting at discharge recorded as 9 ACHU, Gamston, UK
Character & Trade Proficiency – assessed on 7 occasions, at the completion of each stage of his training and on discharge, all recorded as "Satisfactory" in Proficiency, and "Very Good" in Character.
Service Conduct Sheet – Certified No Entry on discharge
General Conduct Sheet – Certified No Entry on departure from 4 RD Busselton; 14 Sqdn; 11 PDRC; 21 OTU Moreton-in-Marsh; 1652 HCU Marston Moor; 462 Squadron, Foulsham; 9 ACHU Gamston; and at discharge from 1 PD, Ransford.
However there were 2 General Conduct "offences", as follows ....
22 February 1943 – 4 ITS Victor Harbor, AC2 Lynch "Neglected to obey a local order, in that he was in bed at or about 0640 hours on 22/2/43". His punishment for this "sleep in" was "3 days Confined to Barracks". At departure from 4 ITS, Certified No Further Entry.
22 November 1943 – 2 WTS, Calgary, Canada, LAC Lynch's offence was "Conduct to the prejudice of good order and Air Force discipline in that he left a place of parade without permission". His punishment was again "3 days Confined to Barracks". (Perhaps the punishment indoors was more welcome than the parade ground. One wonders if the offence was deliberate in order to avoid the cold outdoors!)
8 BAGS, Canada, training in Bolingbroke and Anson aircraft; 29hr 5m
3 WAGS, Canada, training in Norseman, Yale, Harvard aircraft, 33h 15m
Advanced training details
21 OTU, England, training in Wellington aircraft, 105h 10m
1652 HCU, England, training in Halifax aircraft, 47h 17m
462 Squadron, England, training in Halifax aircraft, 32h 43m (same as per Mervyn Skitch's log book).
Total flying time for George Arthur Douglas Lynch – 247h 30m (total on Form P/P 151 incorrectly listed as 147h 30m).
Medals – Defence Medal; 1939-1945 War Medal (Medal list in Service File appears to be incomplete)
18 January 1972 – death of G A D Lynch at West Geelong, Victoria, aged 49, next-of-kin his Widow, Mrs S J Lynch.
24 March 1972 – confirmation from Commonwealth War Graves Commission, Pacific Region, for commemoration of his death as an ex-serviceman as requested.
Mervyn Vivian Murray SKITCH 442482 RAAF, Bomb Aimer – information sourced from WW2 Nominal Roll, his personal log book, personal photos, daughter Ann, and the website Trove (digitised newspapers). His RAAF Service is not digitised.
14 August 1943 – Enlisted in the RAAF, at Adelaide, South Australia
Dates and locations of early training in Australia, and travel to Canada not yet known.
7 Bombing and Gunnery School (7 BAGS), Paulson, Canada, RCAF
17 January 1944 – Commenced training at 7 BAGS, Paulson, Canada; training in Bolingbroke and Anson aircraft; various Pilots; a range of bombing and gunnery exercises
29 January 1944 – first training flight as Air Bomber at 7 BAGS
31 March 1944 – in Station Hospital, at 7 BAGS (reason not known)
1 April 1944 – last training flight at 7 BAGS
Total 52h 50m over 40 flights; 44h 05m day flights, and 8h 45m night flights
Results of AB 'Initio' Bombing Course in Anson aircraft, which covered High Level and Low Level Grouping, Day and Night; Examination with Pass of 66%
Results of AB 'Initio' Gunnery Course in Bolingbroke aircraft, firing rounds at range from 25 yards to 200 yards, day and night; and air to ground, with Cine footage; Turret Manipulation, Harmonization, Arming & Loading; Examination with Pass of 72%
7 April 1944 – LAC Skitch qualified as Air Bomber (Armament) at 7 BAGS, Paulson, Canada, RCAF
7 April 1944 – promoted to Sergeant (assumed)
7 April 1944 – posted to 7 AOS, Portage la Prairie
7 Air Observers School (7 AOS), Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada, RCAF
Training in Anson aircraft, various pilots, familiarization, map reading, bombing, photo exercises, hand held obliques, pin-pointing, multiple drift, day and night flights
18 April 1944 – first training flight as Air Bomber (Nav) at 7 AOS
17 May 1944 – last training flight at 7 AOS
Total 15 flights; 22h 28m day, 19h 40m night
Results of Navigation Course, Ground Work – Air Nav Elements, Signals Practical, Aircraft Recognition, Reconnaissance, Photography, Combined Result 76.4%
Results of Navigation Course, Air Work – Air Nav Day, Air Nav Night, Photography, Bombing, Combined Result 73.1%, Passed.
18 May 1944 – Sgt Skitch qualified as Air Bomber (Nav) at 7 AOS, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada, RCAF (see also Group photo shown previously)
Travel to the UK not yet known (refer to photos shown previously, possibly on pre-embarkation leave in New York).
9 (Observers) Advanced Flying Unit, Penrhos, Wales & 9 (O) AFU Llandwrog, Wales
Training in Anson aircraft, various pilots, various bombing exercises
29 August 1944 – commencement of course
11 September 1944 – first of three training flights as Air Bomber at 9 (O) AFU, Penrhos
18 September 1944 – first of 12 training flights as Air Bomber at 9 (O) AFU, Llandwrog
6 October 1944 – last flight at 9 (O) AFU, Llandwrog
10 October 1944 – Course completed
Total 15 flights, 21h day, 19h night (total 40h)
Results of AFU Course, Examination result 70%, Course Passed.
21 Operational Training Unit, Enstone, "D" Flight, Wellington aircraft
6 November 1944 – first of 2 training flights as Air Bomber, Pilot Whittle, circuits and landings; 4h 05m day, with "D" Flight (Lynch was posted to 21 OTU on 10 October)
21 Operational Training Unit, Enstone, "B" Flight Wellington aircraft; circuits & landings, cross country, bombing practice, fighter affiliation
30 November 1944 – first training flight with F/Sgt Donaldson
21 February 1945 – last training flight with F/Sgt Donaldson at 21 OTU
Total 46 Flights with 21 OTU "B" Flight, 46h 45m day, 42h 15m night
29 flights with Pilot Donaldson (solo or dual); 17 flights with various other Pilots (dual or check)
1 December 1944 – to 3 January 1945 at 21 OTU; 12 Dinghy Drills; 1 Wet Dinghy Drill; 10 Parachute Drills; Certified as to Competency on 23 February 1945
1652 Heavy Conversion Unit, Marston Moor, Halifax aircraft, Code GV- , Exercises 1 to 20
12 April 1945 – first of 3 training flights as Air Bomber, Pilot Cole, followed by 1 flight with Pilot Budden
15 April 1945 – first of training flights as Air Bomber, Pilot Donaldson
30 May 1945 – last training flights as Air Bomber, Pilot Donaldson
Total 22 flights; 16 day flights, 34h 10m; 6 night flights, 13h 07m
14 flights with Pilot Donaldson; 8 flights with various other Pilots
462 Squadron, Foulsham, Halifax III aircraft, Code Z5-
(Please refer to log book pages and transcriptions in previous section)
June 1945 – posted to 462 Squadron, Foulsham, at rank of Flight Sergeant
September 1945 – Posted from 462 Squadron to 9 Air Crew Holding Unit (ACU), Gamston, England, at rank of F/Sgt
23 November 1945 – returned from the UK on the Aquitania, disembarking in Perth, WA; listed as F/Sgt M V Skitch, he was one of a large group of RAAF personnel who proceeded by troop train to Adelaide the next day. (The Advertiser, Adelaide SA, Saturday 24 November 1945, pg 9). Also listed in the South Australian names for that group was Fl/Lt Bruce Drinkwater, also of 462 Squadron.
25 January 1946 – discharged from RAAF at Rank of Warrant Officer, posting recorded as 9 ACHU, Gamston, UK
Mervyn's life after WW2.
Born on 02 February 1924, Mervyn was the son on Cecil Ernest Lee Skitch and Marie Elizabeth (nee Croft). He had one older sister, Marie Cleone, born in 1920. Mervyn's father Cecil was an author, Humanitarian, mathematician, and Economics Professor. Mervyn was clever with Mathematics, and was also a champion sportsman, playing cricket, soccer, and bowls. It is thought that these skills assisted in his selection for training as a Bomb Aimer / Observer in the RAAF.
Mervyn married Irene McGregor in the late 1940s, and they had one daughter Ann, who supplied the photos and log book information for this crew page. Mervyn continued playing 1st Division soccer, with two reports of his ability published, one article with an action photo (The Mail, Adelaide SA, Saturday 3 July 1948, pg 8), and another article recording an "only goal" (News, Adelaide SA, Monday 30 June 1952, pg 18).
As advised by his daughter Ann, Mervyn suffered from health problems in his later life, with alcoholism and heavy smoking contributing to throat cancer and his death in 2000, aged 76. Sadly, his mental & physical health took a heavy toll on his family, and to quote Ann, with her permission – "The effect that War has on families is passed on through the generations. They also serve, who only stand and wait".
Lemuel Ferdinand GABOUREL 1829085 RAFVR, Bomb Aimer, (known as Lem)
Information was supplied by Audrey Dewjee, who although not related Lemuel Gabourel, is an experienced researcher of British Black and Asian History, i.e. the stories of people with African, Indian or Chinese ancestry who settled in or made significant contributions to Britain from 1500 to 1950 for the last 47 years. In the course of this research, Audrey has become very interested in the contribution of people from the Caribbean area (including British Honduras/Belize) in the RAF; and especially those from the Caribbean (or Africa or India) who trained or served in Yorkshire; and in particular at Marston Moor (site of 1652 Heavy Conversion Unit, where this crew and many other crews of 462 Squadron trained).
Audrey is a contributor to the Caribbean Aircrew in WW2 website. https://www.caribbeanaircrew-ww2.com/
That website includes people of all racial backgrounds. The ethnicity of Lemuel Gabourel is not yet known.
From Audrey Dewjee .... (quote)
"He was born in Belize City, British Honduras (now Belize) in June 1918 (possibly 3rd June), son of Richard Joseph and Miriam Florence (nee La Croix) Gabourel (ref: birth register on the Family Search website)."
"When war broke out in 1939, many British men joined the armed forces leaving industries short of manpower. Timber was desperately needed for the war effort and imports of timber were greatly disrupted because of the war. To help solve these problems, the Secretary of State for the Colonies (Lord Moyne) cabled the Governor of British Honduras (now Belize) for help. Belize was famous for its mahogany exports and there was a huge workforce of foresters in the country."
"Around 900 men volunteered. Five hundred arrived in Britain in 1941 in three contingents, and around a further 400 arrived in 1942. The men were sent to various places in Scotland to fell the timber. Lemuel Gabourel crossed the Atlantic in the second contingent, on HMT Orbita which docked in Liverpool on 19 September 1941. Most of the men travelled third class, but Lem was one of nine men who travelled second class, which makes me think he must have had some kind of supervisory function and wasn't one of the men who would be doing the actual tree felling."
"By the end of 1943 the forestry men were no longer needed and they were offered the choice of being repatriated or remaining in the UK – as long as they engaged in further war work. Quite a number elected to remain, but I believe there was some difficulty in finding employment for them at first due to the racist attitudes of the times. However, one or two were able to enlist in the RAF, Lem Gabourel being one of them."
"Lem was a friend of two other Belizeans, Nadia Cattouse who came to Britain in the war to join the ATS, and Leopold (Poli) Balderamos who joined the RAF. Nadia is a long-time friend of mine, now aged 97. If you want to know more about either them, see the following links:
https://www.historycalroots.com/nadia-cattouse/
https://www.caribbeanaircrew-ww2.com/index.php?s=balderamos&Submit=Search "
"The photograph of Nadia and Poli in the second article was taken by Lem Gabourel. Nadia and Poli went to
visit him in Scotland when they were both on leave and while he was still working with the foresters."
(photo at the signpost for Achnasheen, Scotland, with snow on the ground)
"Lemuel's sister Ann Matilda Gabourel came to Britain to join the ATS (i.e. the Women's Army) in the war."
"No further research has been carried out about Lem and Ann's post-war life. It is supposed that they both went back to Belize after the war ended." ............. end quote from Audrey Dewjee.
As GABOUREL was a member of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, his Service File in the UK is not accessible. His Service Number was of a series that was issued from November 1943 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Although from British Honduras (now Belize), after finishing working for the forestry in Scotland at the end of 1943, he enlisted in the RAF, apparently in Edinburgh.
GABOUREL's Engineer training would (most likely) have been at St Athan in Wales. He may have then been posted to an Operational Training Unit (O.T.U.), training in Wellington 2-engine bombers. He would have joined the already formed DONALDSON Crew of 6 in early March 1945 at 1652 Heavy Conversion Unit at Marston Moor in Yorkshire, where they trained in the 4-engine Halifax heavy bombers. The 7-man DONALDSON Crew, was then posted to 462 Squadron, Foulsham, Norfolk, on 02 June 1945. The Squadron flew in Halifax Bombers, and at Foulsham they were part of 100 Group, Special Duties during the war.
The DONALDSON Crew was not operational, so did not fly in combat. With reference to Bomb Aimer SKITCH's log book, this crew was involved in 3 Ruhr Tours, and 2 Post Mortem flights to Denmark.
"Exercise Post Mortem" was carried out over 10 days in July 1945, with Allied aircraft and crews. Allied Aircrew operated captured enemy equipment, and tested it against the Allied aircraft secret equipment to determine how effective the allied equipment was – please refer to SKITCH's Log Book in previous section – 03 July (1 of 10 aircraft from 462 Squadron) and 05 July 1945 (1 of 12 aircraft from 462 Squadron).
That was about as close to war ops as that crew got, however without the danger of enemy attack.
The DONALDSON Crew was posted from 462 Squadron in September 1945, the other 6 RAAF members of the crew being repatriated to Australia. GABOUREL was at the rank of Sergeant during his time at 462 Squadron. Details of his later RAFVR service and demobilisation are not known. Did he return to Belize?
Please make contact if you can assist with further information photos.


text:
Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky
Title: Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky
Subject: Klemens von Metternich, Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, Untersberg, Federal Ministry for the Interior (Austria), Young Czech Party
Hochgeboren
Franz Anton Graf von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky
Count Franz Anton von Kolowrat
1st Minister-President of the Austrian Empire
20 March 1848 – 4 April 1848
Klemens Furst von Metternich (as State Chancellor)
Karl Ludwig Reichsgraf von Ficquelmont
Minister of State of the Austrian Empire for Finance
Minister of State of the Austrian Empire for the Interior
29 September 1826 – 20 March 1848
Károly Graf von Zichy
Franz Feirherr von Pillersdorf
Prague, Bohemia
4 April 1861(1861-04-04) (aged 83)
Count Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky (Czech: František Antonín Kolovrat-Libštejnský) (31 January 1778 – 4 April 1861) was a Bohemian nobleman and an Austrian statesman.
Born in Prague the son of a Bohemian noble family, whose ancestors had already served under Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg, Franz Anton finished his studies in 1799. During the Napoleonic Wars he achieved the office of a stadtholder of Austrian emperor Francis I of Habsburg at Prague and in 1810 became Oberstburggraf of the whole Bohemian kingdom. Contrary to Minister of State Klemens Wenzel von Metternich he encouraged Czech cultural and civic-national movements, exemplified by the founding of the Prague National Museum in 1818.
Kolowrat's rivalry with Metternich intensified when in 1826 the emperor called him to Vienna, where he was elevated to a member of the Austrian State Council responsible for the Interior and Finances; while Metternich favored a strong army, Kolowrat reduced the miitary budget.[1] After the accession of Francis' incapable son Ferdinand I to the throne in 1836, Kolowrat together with Metternich led the Secret State Conference, the de facto government of the Empire. However the continuous disagreement between the two leaders palsied the Austrian politics and ultimately contributed to the outbreak of the Revolutions of 1848. When Metternich had to resign, Kolowrat assumed the newly created office of an Austrian Minister-President, which he nevertheless laid down after only one month between 3–5 April, officially for health reasons.
Kolowrat died in Vienna.
Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of Leopold
Order of St. Andrew
Order of St. Anna
Order of St. Vladimir
Order of the White Eagle
Order of Alexander Nevsky
Venerable Order of Saint John
none Minister-President of the Austrian Empire
Karl Ludwig von Ficquelmont
1827 – 1848 Succeeded by
Count Károly Zichy Minister of State of the Austrian Empire for the Interior
Baron Franz von Pillersdorf
Name Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Franz Anton
Date of birth 31 January 1778
Place of birth Prague, Bohemia
Date of death 4 April 1861
Place of death Vienna, Austria
Klemens von Metternich
Revolutions of 1848, University of Strasbourg, University of Mainz, Ottoman Empire, Tuberculosis
Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
Vienna, Prague, Milan, Croats, Romanians

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Slay Belles (2018)
Watch Slay Belles (2018) Online
While urban exploring in an abandoned amusement park, three cosplaying girls accidentally unleash the vicious holiday beast known as Krampus. With the help of Santa Claus, can these girls stop Krampus from his killing spree?
Director: Dan Walker
Actors: Barry Bostwick, Diane Salinger, Hannah Wagner, Kristina Klebe, Richard Moll, Susan Slaughter
Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw (2019)
Cabo Blanco (1980)
Giff Hoyt, a cafe owner in Cabo Blanco, Peru after World War II is caught between refuge-seeking Nazis and their enemies. After the murder of a sea explorer is passed…
Genre: Action, Adventure, Crime, Drama, Romance
Stuart Little 2 (2002)
Stuart, an adorable white mouse, still lives happily with his adoptive family, the Littles, on the east side of Manhattan's Central Park. More crazy mouse adventures are in store as…
Island of the Fishmen (1979)
Aquatic creatures threaten the existence of a mysterious island.
Genre: Action, Adventure, Horror, Science Fiction
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016)
In 1926, Newt Scamander arrives at the Magical Congress of the United States of America with a magically expanded briefcase, which houses a number of dangerous creatures and their habitats….
Wrath of the Titans (2012)
A decade after his heroic defeat of the monstrous Kraken, Perseus-the demigod son of Zeus-is attempting to live a quieter life as a village fisherman and the sole parent to…
Country: Spain, USA
When the magic powers of The Tablet of Ahkmenrah begin to die out, Larry Daley spans the globe, uniting favorite and new characters while embarking on an epic quest to…
Dolphin Kick (2019)
On a tropical island vacation, a young boy's friendship with a playful and friendly dolphin helps him find the courage to get back in the water after the sudden loss…
In 1765, young English boy Jim Hawkins gets involved with buccaneers during his quest to find pirate Captain Flint's treasure buried on a secret island.
Country: Ireland, UK
Genre: Action, Adventure, History, Mystery, Thriller
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019)
The surviving Resistance faces the First Order once again as the journey of Rey, Finn and Poe Dameron continues. With the power and knowledge of generations behind them, the final…
Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
Wreck-It Ralph is the 9-foot-tall, 643-pound villain of an arcade video game named Fix-It Felix Jr., in which the game's titular hero fixes buildings that Ralph destroys. Wanting to prove…
1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992)
1492: Conquest of Paradise depicts Christopher Columbus' discovery of The New World and his effect on the indigenous people.
Country: France, Spain
Genre: Adventure, Biography, Drama, History
Trailer: Slay Belles (2018)


text:
Q: Displaying images/icons besides y-axis in Flex Bar charts I am trying to place an image besides the label in y-axis. So I have created a custom label renderer(A HBox containing  and ). The source for the image has to be set based on a property present in the data provider. The problem is, I am not able to access the BarSeriesItem in the fnSetSource() method. Any help or pointers is greatly appreciated.
Here's the entire code.
 <mx:Application  xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml"
        layout="vertical"
        width="1280" height="750">
  <mx:Script><![CDATA[
    import mx.collections.ArrayCollection;
    import mx.charts.series.items.PlotSeriesItem;
    import mx.controls.Label;
    import mx.controls.Image;
    import mx.containers.HBox;
    import mx.charts.series.items.BarSeriesItem;
    import mx.charts.series.ColumnSeries;
    import mx.charts.series.items.ColumnSeriesItem;
    import mx.charts.chartClasses.Series;
    import mx.charts.ChartItem;
    [Bindable]
public var employeedetails:ArrayCollection = new ArrayCollection([
{rank:"10",emplName:"Peter",prevRank:"7",imgSource:"images/increase.png"},
{rank:"9",emplName:"Mark",prevRank:"3",imgSource:"images/decrease.png"},
{rank:"8",emplName:"Eric",prevRank:"8",imgSource:"images/decrease.png"}

]);
    ]]>
    </mx:Script>

    <mx:BarChart id="bar" height="100%"
            paddingLeft="15" paddingRight="5"
            showDataTips="true"  width="847"
            dataTipMode="multiple" >
            <mx:verticalAxis>
                <mx:CategoryAxis id="v1" categoryField="emplName" dataProvider="{employeedetails}"/>
            </mx:verticalAxis>

            <mx:verticalAxisRenderers>
                <mx:AxisRenderer placement="left" axis="{v1}">
                    <mx:labelRenderer>
                        <mx:Component>
                            <mx:HBox width="100%" height="100%" minWidth="120" minHeight="20">
                                <mx:Image id="axisImage" height="16" width="16" source="fnSetSource()">
                                    <mx:Script><![CDATA[
                                        import mx.charts.chartClasses.Series;
                                        import mx.charts.ChartItem;
                                        import mx.charts.series.items.BarSeriesItem;
                                        [Bindable]
                                        public function fnSetSource(element : ChartItem, series : Series) : String
                                        {
                                        var data : BarSeriesItem = BarSeriesItem(element);
                                        var imgSrc : String = "";
                                        if (data.item.isIncrease)
                                        {
                                        imgSrc = "images/increase.png";
                                        } else if (data.item.isDecrease)
                                        {
                                        imgSrc = "images/decrease.png";
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                        imgSrc = "";
                                        }
                                        return imgSrc;
                                        }
                                    ]]></mx:Script>
                                </mx:Image>
                                <mx:Label id="axisLabel" fontSize="12" width="100%" height="100%">
                                    <mx:Script><![CDATA[
                                        [Bindable]
                                        override public function set data(value : Object) : void
                                            {
                                            if (value == null)
                                            {
                                                return;
                                            }
                                            var length : int = value.text.toString().length;
                                            if (length > 15)
                                            {
                                                axisLabel.text = value.text.toString().substr(0, 15) + "...";
                                                axisLabel.toolTip = value.text;
                                            }
                                            else
                                            {
                                                axisLabel.text = value.text;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    ]]>
                                    </mx:Script>
                                </mx:Label>
                            </mx:HBox>
                        </mx:Component>
                    </mx:labelRenderer>
                </mx:AxisRenderer>
            </mx:verticalAxisRenderers>
            <mx:series>
                <mx:BarSeries id="bs2"
                yField="emplName"
                xField="rank"
                displayName="Rank"
                dataProvider="{employeedetails}"
                />
        </mx:series>
    </mx:BarChart>
</mx:Application>

A: I had a quick look at the code. The fnSetSource() function will not be called until it is placed inside curly brackets: source="{fnSetSource()}"
This will get the function to be called, but you will get errors because the fnSetSource() call does not have the 2 parameters that fnSetSource function requires. Make the first change I mentioned and you may be able to figure it out from there.
Could you not make an item renderer that is a seperate mxml component?

A: look like you are not passing any parameters that fnSetSource() needs so it will not work untill you pass those two parameters..
use your function this way
fnSetSource(value:Object,previousValue:Object,axis:IAxis):String

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Barack Obama's Middle East Speech: How the President Lost his Mojo
The president is planning to deliver a speech on the Middle East soon, but Matt Latimer isn't expecting much. The former Bush speechwriter on Obama's lackluster presidential speeches.
Matt Latimer
Updated Jul. 13, 2017 1:25PM ET / Published Mar. 01, 2011 5:41PM ET
Evan Vucci / AP Photo,Evan Vucci
In the next few days, we are told, President Obama is planning to deliver a major speech on the historic turmoil in the Middle East. I suppose it was nice of him to warn us.
As someone who sat in the Bush White House and watched candidate Barack Obama's oratorical skills with respectful awe, I find myself bewildered. And I suspect I am not the only one who has found Obama's presidential rhetoric to be… well, underwhelming, to put it politely. During the entire health-care effort, the president delivered one unremarkable speech after another, including a much-hyped "landmark" address to the Congress that everyone now has forgotten—thousands of words drafted, vetted, and fact-checked with the result being that Obama actually lost support for his program.
This year's State of the Union speech (less than a month ago, mind you) is already a blurry historical asterisk. (Something about Sputnik? Who remembers?)
We can of course go on with the forensic felonies being committed: the reluctance, if not determination, to avoid elegant rhetoric… the refusal to make an above-room-temperature case against political opponents and, even when that is attempted, to stick with them long enough for them to register… the toothless warnings to other nations… the joyless pronouncements from the presidential podium. It is time to face facts. The leader who Americans thought would be our next Henry Clay has become, rhetorically at least, what this year's Academy Awards audience found in James Franco: a cringe-inspiring disappointment.
Nowhere has the deficiency been more painfully on display than with regard to the Middle East. At a time when the United States, the most powerful democracy in the world, should be eagerly welcoming, even prodding, the aspirations of millions trapped in tyranny, America has assumed the role of Buzz Killington.
At one point during the crisis in Egypt, it almost sounded like the über-sedate Obama was on the side of the despised Hosni Mubarak—who the president variously called a "longtime ally" and his "counterpart"—while millions of Egyptian protesters, who were risking their very lives in calling for Mubarak's overthrow, watched in anger and disbelief. Obama took advantage of a critical moment to commend Mubarak for recognizing what was obvious to everyone but apparently the two of them: that, as Obama hilariously put it, "the status quo was not acceptable." The president then offered the bizarre observation that "all of us who are privileged to serve in positions of political power do so at the will of our people." Since when? Has he never been to the Arab world? Even when Mubarak surrendered power, the president made it seem like the demise of one of the region's most notorious dictators was little more than a timely campaign tactic, like McCain conceding to, well, Obama. "By stepping down, President Mubarak responded to the Egyptian people's hunger for change," said the leader of the free world. Not quite. By fleeing his palace, Mubarak responded to the instinct not to have his entrails on display in the public square. "This is not the end of Egypt's transition," Obama then informed us. "It's a beginning."
Is a tiresome cliché really the best that we can offer a newly liberated people? How could any American leader get such a joyous moment for the Egyptian people so heartbreakingly wrong?
Maybe that is what the White House needs after all: a CGI Ronald Reagan to rescue a dismal performance.
One hopes his next speech on the Middle East—will it be his third or his tenth, and does it even matter?—will be more surefooted. I could of course advise President Obama on what to say—anyone could. America is the shining city on the hill, the guardian of freedom, the voice that calls out to the disaffected, to the tired, the poor, the huddled masses yearning to be free. Yes, I am sure I read that somewhere. Think Kennedy talking to Berliners. Think Reagan calling out to Soviet dissidents. Heck, at this point I'd even be happy with Gerald Ford talking about Whipping Inflation Now. Alas, we are not going to hear anything like that, because the problem with Obama is far deeper than his words. The problem is his attitude.
Each time one of Obama's tone-deaf speeches or depressingly missed opportunities is panned in the press, their response is the same. Some top White House aide is dispatched to tell us pooh-poohers that events ultimate will vindicate the president. That Obama's calm, thoughtful, measured approach always is the right response. (The word "measured," by the way, ought to be banished from the Obama team's vocabulary.) History, the White House always says, will vindicate the president. Alas, the problem for the White House is that history doesn't vote. People do. People who expect their president to be a top-notch performer on the world stage.
Which brings us back to Oscar night. During one of the mercilessly scathing reviews of Sunday's performance—where the kindest cut was that the telecast was merely "bland"—Franco's phone-it-in performance was said to be "smug," "distant," "unwatchable," and "detached from everything he was supposed to be celebrating." It was so bad that people were rooting for Billy Crystal to return mid-show and save the program, and more than one wag proclaimed a deceased Bob Hope (returned through the magic of CGI) the liveliest talent on the stage. Franco, most interestingly, was compared to a "one-term president," a performer who seemed "to withdraw into himself as the show went on, growing flatter and more monotone until, by the end, he might have been reluctantly emceeing a distant cousin's bat mitzvah." If the Obama White House sees no parallels, then they are in worse trouble than I imagine. It ought to tell them something when people with a straight face now defend the rhetorical talents of George W. Bush.
Yes, it is true that an American administration will always have to deal with the Mubaraks, Putins, and even nutty Gaddafis of the world. And it is imperative that the U.S. not respond to events recklessly. Stability in the international system can be in our country's interests. But the presidency is not a graduate-level course about the nuances of diplomacy, and the president is not a professor. The job is at its heart a public-relations gig, where intellect, passion, and a sense of America's historical purpose must be prominently on display. One gets the sense too often that this administration does not understand that central obligation, or more perilously shuns it. They much prefer to teach us something, whether we like it or not. We will see where that gets them. After the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1980, Jimmy Carter similarly was proud of his administration's restrained, "grownup" approach to acts of brutality and aggression. But the voters weren't; they quickly opted for another leader who understood what America's moment in history was all about. Maybe that is what the White House needs after all: a CGI Ronald Reagan to rescue a dismal performance. No one has any doubt what the Gipper would say at a moment like this.
Matt Latimer is the author of the New York Times bestseller Speechless: Tales of a White House Survivor. He was deputy director of speechwriting for George W. Bush and chief speechwriter for Donald Rumsfeld.


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Home equity is the market value of a homeowners interest against the mortgage of their real property. In other words, home equity is that sum of money that has already been paid by you, against the actual value of your home. Home equity renders you by increasing your credit accession and consent you to take home equity loan; and can receive Home Equity Lines of Credit as well. Moreover, this prevents you from the economic crisis. It is also known as real property value.
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text:
Vitrinella thomasi är en snäckart som först beskrevs av Henry Augustus Pilsbry 1945.  Vitrinella thomasi ingår i släktet Vitrinella och familjen Vitrinellidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

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thomasi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you enjoyed playing an interactive text-based zombie apocalypse survival adventure in the original The Sagittarian followed by sequel The Sagittarian 2 then you would probably want to play The Sagittarian 3 which is the latest addition in the series. Do you have what it takes to survive again?
A rather simple looking title menu with a light and easy feel to it. Why so serious?
The Sagittarian 3 – Start!
Choose from one of the endings from part 2 to continue the story from that point.
The Sagittarian 3 – End!
There may be four endings in The Sagittarian but you can only get one ending each time you play based on which ending of part 2 you start off the game with.
Simple yet nice graphics style. Simple controls and entertaining interactive zombie survival text-based adventure in a post zombie apocalypse setting.


If not done right or at all, packing can make a house removal take twice as long - if not longer. It also allows you to get the most of the van space as you can stack the boxes easily. Having packed in excess of a 1 000 house moves in the London and Surrey over the past 12 years, we can pack and wrap up all the fragile items prior to your house removal. We'll also provide boxes, packing tapes, bubble wrap, packing paper, sofa, mattress covers and everything you need to make sure your items are protected for the duration of the move.
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PhD student of the Chair of Nuclear Physics at YSU Faculty of Physics Elmira Melyan participated in the European School of High-Energy Physics, which was held from June 20 to July 3 in Maratea, Italy. Elmira told us about her impressions and achievements.
This year, 97 representatives from around 40 countries participated in the European School of High-Energy Physics organized jointly with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR).
Elmira told us that the participants were divided into different groups, and each made a presentation on the physics-biotechnologies of high energies. She also said that two BBC correspondents were invited to the European School, who taught how give an interview properly and present their scientific works in interesting formats.
"This school was a great platform where young people from different countries met and discussed various issues in the field of physics, exchange of international experience, as well as the participants presented history and culture of their countries. When I was telling about our country, some of the participants expressed a wish to visit Armenia as a tourist. I hope they will come," - said YSU Faculty of Physics PhD student.


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text:
Student Dollar Price : 10$
"As we enter the twenty-first century, the environment in which organizations operate is increasingly turbulent, rocked by forces such as globalization and rapid technological change. Social and demographic forces have dramatically changed the make-up of today's workforce, which is now the most educated and ethnically diverse in history, in addition to having the greatest representation of people. These developments are profoundly affecting the way in which organizations structure themselves, just as they are influencing individuals' attitudes to and expectations of both organizations and work. Organizational behavior is compatible with careers in consulting, human resources, and organization".
This book is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to the study of Organizational Behavior, its process and challenges. It is basically student- oriented textbook as it satisfies the requirement of students for an exhaustive exposure to the principles and practices of management.
To become successful managers, students need exposure to practicalities, this book contains certain examples a cases that has been chosen from a broad spectrum of organizations to illustrate major concepts and help student apply the knowledge. The book would not have seen the light, but for the grace of God and the blessings and support of our family members and friends.
Unit - 1 Organisatinal Behaviour
Unit - 2 Foundation of Individual Behaviour
Unit - 3 Attitudes and Transactional Analysis
Unit - 4 Organisational Conflicts and Change
Unit - 5 Organisational Development
Dr. Sanjay Chhabra s/o Late Shri. Kashi Ram Chhabra originally hailed from Rajasthan. His ancestors settled in Dimapur in 1880. His grandfather Late Udai Ram Chhabra was the Founder President of Sri Digambar Jain Samaj in Dimapur.
Dr. Chhabra did his schooling from S.D. Jain High School, Dimapur under NBSE Board and B.Com. (Honours in Accountancy) from St. Anthony`s College, Shillong under NEHU, passing out First Class with third position.
He left for Delhi for his further studies (C.A. course) and simultaneously did his M.Com. in Management from Delhi University. After completion of M.Com., he came back to Dimapur and became one of the founder lecturers of S.D.Jain Girl`s College in 1993. He took charge as an acting principal in 1995. During his tenure as principal in 1995, the first batch of college got all top ten positions in Nagaland University in XII Commerce exams. He served S.D. Jain Girl's College from 1993 to 2004 as lecturer, Head of Commerce department and finally served the college as principal.
During his principalship, he completed his LL.B. from Assam University with good second class (56%) and did double M.Com. in Accountancy from Dibrugarh University First Class with first position in 2002. He joined Ph.D. under the Nagaland University Commerce department and achieved the prestigious degree in 2007 and became the first amongst the entire Marwari Community of Nagaland to achieve this degree. Till now he is the only one from Marwari community of Nagaland to achieve this degree.
He took up as the founder principal of Unity College in 2007 and is serving the college till date. He is also one of the counselors for postgraduate Commerce department in Dimapur Government College`s IGNOU study center since 2007. He is loved and respected by his all followers.
He was honored by All India Jain Talent at New Delhi in 2002. He is a man with zeal of academic and social activities. He is a life member of Indian Red Cross Society and Associations of Indian College Principals. He is also associated with Avantika Literary Competition Society of Delhi. He has served Lions Club of Dimapur, Bharat Vikas Parishad, Jan Jyati Kalyan Samiti (Kalyan Ashram), Dimapur Jain Samaj as an executive member. He is one of the members of Board of Undergraduate Studies in Commerce under Nagaland University. Dr. Sanjay Chhabra is a hardworking man, who is sincere and dedicated towards his works.
Dulal Mazumdar -
Public College of Commerce, Dimapur.
Nupul Sutradhar -
M.Com, NET,
Asst. Prof. & HOD,
Department of Commerce,
Patkai Christian College, Chumukedima, Dimapur.


text:
Virtual lab tour
Model and Agreement
Kubrick Advanced
Kubrick Group Diversity Statement
Kubrick Group is committed to promoting equality, diversity and inclusion among our workforce, and eliminating any unlawful discrimination.
1. Equal Opportunities Policy
Equal opportunities statement
1.1 Kubrick Group Ltd is committed to promoting equal opportunities in employment. You and any job applicants will receive equal treatment regardless of age, disability, gender reassignment, marital or civil partner status, pregnancy or maternity, race, colour, nationality, ethnic or national origin, religion or belief, sex, or sexual orientation (Protected Characteristics).
1.2 This policy sets out our approach to equal opportunities and the avoidance of discrimination at work. It applies to all aspects of employment with us, including recruitment, pay and conditions, training, appraisals, promotion, conduct at work, disciplinary and grievance procedures, and termination of employment.
1.3 The HR Director is responsible for this policy and any necessary training on equal opportunities.
1.4 You must not unlawfully discriminate against or harass other people including current and former employees, job applicants, clients, customers, suppliers, and visitors. This applies in the workplace, outside the workplace (when dealing with customers, suppliers, or other work-related contacts), and on work-related trips or events including social events.
1.5 The following forms of discrimination are prohibited under this policy and are unlawful:
(a) Direct discrimination: treating someone less favourably because of a Protected Characteristic. For example, rejecting a job applicant because of their religious views or because of their age.
(b) Indirect discrimination: a provision, criterion or practice that applies to everyone but adversely affects people with a particular Protected Characteristic more than others and is not justified. For example, requiring a job to be done full-time rather than part-time would adversely affect women because they generally have greater childcare commitments than men. Such a requirement would be discriminatory unless it can be justified.
(c) Harassment: this includes sexual harassment and other unwanted conduct related to a Protected Characteristic, which has the purpose or effect of violating someone's dignity or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for them. Harassment is dealt with further in our Anti-harassment and Bullying Policy.
(d) Victimisation: retaliation against someone who has complained or has supported someone else's complaint about discrimination or harassment.
(e) Disability discrimination: this includes direct and indirect discrimination, any unjustified less favourable treatment because of the effects of a disability, and failure to make reasonable adjustments to alleviate disadvantages caused by a disability.
1.6 Recruitment, promotion and other selection exercises such as redundancy selection will be conducted on the basis of merit, against objective criteria that avoid discrimination. Shortlisting should be done by more than one person if possible.
1.7 Vacancies should generally be advertised to a diverse section of the labour market. Advertisements should avoid stereotyping or using wording that may discourage particular groups from applying.
1.8 Job applicants should not be asked questions which might suggest an intention to discriminate on grounds of a Protected Characteristic. For example, applicants should not be asked whether they are pregnant or planning to have children.
1.9 Job applicants should not be asked about health or disability before a job offer is made, except in the very limited circumstances allowed by law: for example, to check that the applicant could perform an intrinsic part of the job (taking account of any reasonable adjustments), or to see if any adjustments might be needed at interview because of a disability. Where necessary, job offers can be made conditional on a satisfactory medical check. Health or disability questions may be included in equal opportunities monitoring forms, which must not be used for selection or decision- making purposes.
1.10 If you are disabled or become disabled, we encourage you to tell us about your circumstances so that we can consider what reasonable adjustments or support may be appropriate.
Part-time and fixed-term work
1.11 Part-time and fixed-term employees should be treated the same as comparable full- time or permanent employees and enjoy no less favourable terms and conditions (on a pro-rata basis where appropriate), unless different treatment is justified.
Breaches of this policy
1.12 We take a strict approach to breaches of this policy, which will be dealt with in accordance with our Disciplinary Procedure. Serious cases of deliberate discrimination may amount to gross misconduct resulting in dismissal.
1.13 If you believe that you have suffered discrimination you can raise the matter through our Grievance Procedure or Anti-harassment and Bullying Policy. Complaints will be treated in confidence and investigated as appropriate.
1.14 You must not be victimised or retaliated against for complaining about discrimination. However, making a false allegation deliberately and in bad faith will be treated as misconduct and dealt with under our Disciplinary Procedure.
Find out more about Kubrick
Get in touch if you want to partner with us, become a Kubrick consultant, or join our internal team
Kubrick Group
96 Great Suffolk Street
London, SE1 0BE
Kubrick Consulting Inc.
speaktous@kubrickgroup.com
joinus@kubrickgroup.com


Fido and Moggy beware. It is time for your check-up! Get them talking to the animals (stuffed and otherwise) with this Veterinarian dressing up set. A well made, durable outfit with accessories.
Manufacturer advises suitable for 3 - 6 year old child.
Includes ID name card for personalising costume (slots into clear plastic pocket on coat), facemask, elasticated cap, thermometer, bandage, syringe and stethoscope with sound effect (when batteries added). Plus cute blue hound in need of some tlc. Coat does up with Velcro so child can dress /undress themselves. Storage pockets on the coat for the accessories.
Another well made, well thought out product from Melissa & Doug. Machine washable. Packaging and hanger can be used as storage bag to hang up in wardrobe. Stethoscope takes 2 AAA batteries (not supplied). Manufacturer advises outfit suitable for 3 - 6 year old child. If anything these outfits are on the generous size.


text:
Vijayapala (IAST: Vijayapāla; reigned c. 1035-1050 CE) was a king of the Chandela dynasty of India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region (Bundelkhand in present-day Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh).

Vijayapala was born to the Chandela ruler Vidyadhara. No inscription from his reign is available. He is mentioned in several Chandela inscriptions, but most of these contain only vague eulogies. For example, the Mau stone inscription declares that he killed all wicked men and put an end to the Kali Yuga.

By the end of Vidyadhara's reign, the Ghaznavid invasions had weakened the Chandela kingdom. Taking advantage of this, the Kalachuri king Gangeya-deva conquered eastern parts of their kingdom. A fragmentary Mahoba inscription claims that Vijayapala broke the pride of Gangeya in a battle.

The Kachchhapaghatas of Gwalior probably gave up their allegiance to the Chandelas during Vijayapala's reign. This is indicated by the use of high-sounding titles for the Kachchhapaghata ruler Muladeva in the Sas-Bahu inscription.

Vijayapala's sachiva (chief minister) was Mahipala, who was the son of Vidyadhara's chief minister	Shivanga.

The decline of the Chandela kingdom started during Vijayapala's reign. His successor Devavarman was his son from the queen Bhuvanadevi. The Nanyaura copper-plate inscription of Devavarman is dated 1051 CE. This indicates that Vijayapala's reign ended sometime before this year. Devavarman's successor Kirttivarman was also a son of Vijayapala.

References

Bibliography

Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
11th-century Indian monarchs


The book that will lead this learning journey is 'Kiss The Dust' by Elizabeth Laird.
The book follows the lives of a Kurdish refugee family and will allow Nightingales to explore the issues surrounding refugees.
Using this vehicle children will learn how to write explanation texts and extend their debating skills.


It is called conventional energy products resulting from the transformation or processing of natural energy resources (primary) or in some cases from ready-made energy source (eg. Tar). The only possible source of energy all secondary processing center and the only destination it a center of consumption. Secondary energy sources are electricity, the wide range of petroleum products, coal, and manufactured gas (or town gas). The group of petroleum products includes a wide variety of useful energy products that are obtained processing of oil from the refineries, among which are gasolines, diesel fuels (diesel) and others. An alternative energy is that which seeks to meet the current energy, because of its lower polluting effect and its ability to renovaci n.La energy is fundamental to the economic development of a country and the welfare of its population. It is part of economic instruments, as it is required to activate all types of machinery or tool, but not physically joined to the goods or services produced, has an impact on production costs.It is also a final consumption good that is used to the satisfaction (ie, comfort) human. Today, solutions are being sought to resolve and prevent this crisis and are also looking for specific methods to prevent spreading. That's why alternative energy sources were used because they have the ability to not pollute the environment and therefore do not affect the company and are also renovables.La derivation of the term "energy crisis" is the fall or drop economic activity, such as production and consumption, but in turn, tends to the shortage, the need to famine, etc. This means that there is a crisis. Energy is the way to produce the work in the field, whether in the form of movement, light, heat, etc.That is why the energy crisis refers to scarcity and high cost of energy. These renewables are: Wind power (which is produced by the movement of wind and can be obtained through wind turbines. This energy is very effective, but the only problem is that it is possible to install wind turbines in any area, it is necessary that the wind is constant ) Hydropower, (which is caused by the use of water), ocean or tidal energy, (which is obtained by the use of water in the oceans and seas.This is put into use when the high tide water is dammed) Solar energy (which uses solar radiation using solar panels. The only drawback is that solar panels are very expensive at present) Geothermal energy (which is the use of water under pressure emerging from underground.


text:
Greater certainty in South Oxfordshire after Jenrick gives Local Plan one last chance to deliver
MHCLG Minister Robert Jenrick announced yesterday [NH1] he is forcing South Oxfordshire District Council (DODC) to adopt its Local Plan by December 2020 - or face the consequences. Nigel Hawkey, Planning Partner in Bidwells' Oxford office, looks at the implications.
04 Mar 2020 2 MINUTE READ
MHCLG Minister Robert Jenrick announced yesterday he is forcing South Oxfordshire District Council (SODC) to adopt its Local Plan by December 2020 - or face the consequences. Nigel Hawkey, Planning Partner in Bidwells' Oxford office, looks at the implications.
The twist and turns of SODC's tussle with Robert Jenrick have been playing out since May 2019 but the story has now entered a new and important phase. The Minister has issued a Direction under Section 27 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 requiring SODC to progress the plan through examination and for senior council officers to report monthly to MHCLG officials on progress.
Forcing SODC to hold an examination on its Local Plan and secure its adoption by December 2020 sets a heroically ambitious timetable. Setting aside any political misgivings it may be unachievable, simply because the evidence base could now be out of date. It is nearly a year since the plan was originally submitted to government.
Jenrick has stepped back from using his powers for a more controversial move, namely to hand the plan making function over to Oxfordshire County Council. That would have been unprecedented and would have significantly raised the stakes with SODC, leading to legal challenge and possibly even guerrilla warfare. That decision, for the time being, has been put off. Nonetheless, there is a veiled threat in Jenrick's letter that - if progress is not made - the County will still take over the role.
Stark reminder
The letter also gives an interesting analysis of SODC's performance against Local Plan intervention criteria (set out in the 2017 Housing White Paper). It includes a stark reminder that house prices in South Oxfordshire are among the least affordable in the country and that SODC would fall way behind other areas if it was permitted to re-write the existing draft plan, meaning adoption would be delayed until 2024.
This decision does give renewed impetus to the £433 million growth deal agreed between central government, SODC and its five Oxfordshire neighbours, who no doubt will be relieved that the infrastructure funding logjam may now be lifted. For those promoting sites in the region, this decision therefore offers greater certainty, particularly for well-designed and planned strategic development promoted through the now revitalised local plan process.


text:
J&C high school football game of the week
By High School Sports August 28, 2014 2:36 am
By High School Sports | August 28, 2014 2:36 am ET
J&C reporter Sam King previews this week's Game of the Week. West Lafayette travels to McCutcheon for the first time since 2004.
football, LAF, sports, Video
USA TODAY Sports Super 25 high school basketball rankings, week of Jan. 23, 2023
January 24, 2023 11:30 am ET · By: USA TODAY HSS Staff
Miami among schools trying to flip Ohio State commit Jeremiah Smith
LB Andrew Harris had such a wholesome reaction to seeing Troy Polamalu at Polynesian Bowl
More USA TODAY High School Sports
https://usatodayhss.com/2014/jc-high-school-football-game-of-the-week


text:
namespace network {
namespace {
constexpr unsigned char kNumeric10Chars[] = "0123456789";
constexpr unsigned char kSmallAlphabet10Chars[] = "abcdefghij";
constexpr unsigned char kLargeAlphabet10Chars[] = "ABCDEFGHIJ";
}  // namespace

class WebBundleChunkedBufferTest : public ::testing::Test {
 protected:
  using Chunk = WebBundleChunkedBuffer::Chunk;
  using ChunkVector = WebBundleChunkedBuffer::ChunkVector;

  struct ReadTestCase {
    uint64_t offset;
    uint64_t length;
    bool expected_contains_all;
    uint64_t expected_available_length;
    std::string expected_read_result;
  };
  void RunBasicReadTest(const WebBundleChunkedBuffer& buffer,
                        const ReadTestCase& test_case) {
    SCOPED_TRACE(::testing::Message() << "offset: " << test_case.offset
                                      << " length: " << test_case.length);
    EXPECT_EQ(test_case.expected_contains_all,
              buffer.ContainsAll(test_case.offset, test_case.length));
    EXPECT_EQ(test_case.expected_available_length,
              buffer.GetAvailableLength(test_case.offset, test_case.length));
    auto data = std::vector<unsigned char>(test_case.length, 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(test_case.expected_available_length,
              buffer.ReadData(test_case.offset, test_case.length, data.data()));
    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(data.begin(),
                          data.begin() + test_case.expected_available_length),
              test_case.expected_read_result);

    if (test_case.expected_available_length > 0) {
      data = std::vector<unsigned char>(test_case.expected_available_length, 0);
      auto data_source =
          buffer.CreateDataSource(test_case.offset, test_case.length);
      EXPECT_EQ(test_case.expected_available_length, data_source->GetLength());
      auto result = data_source->Read(
          0,
          base::span<char>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(data.data()), data.size()));
      EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_OK, result.result);
      EXPECT_EQ(test_case.expected_available_length, result.bytes_read);
      EXPECT_EQ(std::string(data.begin(),
                            data.begin() + test_case.expected_available_length),
                test_case.expected_read_result);
    }
  }
};

TEST_F(WebBundleChunkedBufferTest, Chunk) {
  constexpr unsigned char kData[] = "Hello World!";
  constexpr size_t kDataLength = sizeof(kData);
  auto data = base::MakeRefCounted<base::RefCountedBytes>(kData, kDataLength);
  uint64_t start_pos = 10;
  Chunk chunk = Chunk(start_pos, std::move(data));
  EXPECT_EQ(start_pos, chunk.start_pos());
  EXPECT_EQ(start_pos + kDataLength, chunk.end_pos());
  EXPECT_EQ(kDataLength, chunk.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(chunk.data(), kData, kDataLength));
}

TEST_F(WebBundleChunkedBufferTest, EmptyBuffer) {
  WebBundleChunkedBuffer buffer;
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.empty());
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ContainsAll(0, 0));
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ContainsAll(10, 0));
  EXPECT_FALSE(buffer.ContainsAll(0, 10));
  EXPECT_FALSE(buffer.ContainsAll(10, 10));
  EXPECT_EQ(0ull, buffer.GetAvailableLength(0, 0));
  EXPECT_EQ(0ull, buffer.GetAvailableLength(0, 10));
  EXPECT_EQ(0ull, buffer.GetAvailableLength(10, 10));
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.CreateDataSource(0, 0) == nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.CreateDataSource(0, 10) == nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.CreateDataSource(10, 10) == nullptr);
  std::vector<unsigned char> data(10, 0);
  EXPECT_FALSE(buffer.ReadData(0, 10, data.data()));
  EXPECT_FALSE(buffer.ReadData(10, 10, data.data()));

  // Appendding 0 byte doesn't do anything.
  buffer.Append(kNumeric10Chars, 0);
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.empty());
}

TEST_F(WebBundleChunkedBufferTest, ReadTest_OneChunk) {
  WebBundleChunkedBuffer buffer;
  buffer.Append(kNumeric10Chars, 10);

  ReadTestCase test_cases[] = {
      {0, 0, true, 0, ""},
      {0, 10, true, 10, "0123456789"},
      {0, 11, false, 10, "0123456789"},
      {1, 0, true, 0, ""},
      {1, 9, true, 9, "123456789"},
      {1, 10, false, 9, "123456789"},
      {5, 5, true, 5, "56789"},
      {5, 6, false, 5, "56789"},
      {9, 1, true, 1, "9"},
      {9, 2, false, 1, "9"},
      {10, 1, false, 0, ""},
  };

  for (const auto& test_case : test_cases) {
    RunBasicReadTest(buffer, test_case);
  }
}

TEST_F(WebBundleChunkedBufferTest, ReadTest_MultipleChunks) {
  WebBundleChunkedBuffer buffer;
  buffer.Append(kNumeric10Chars, 10);
  buffer.Append(kSmallAlphabet10Chars, 10);
  buffer.Append(kLargeAlphabet10Chars, 10);

  ReadTestCase test_cases1[] = {
      {0, 0, true, 0, ""},
      {0, 10, true, 10, "0123456789"},
      {0, 11, true, 11, "0123456789a"},
      {0, 20, true, 20, "0123456789abcdefghij"},
      {0, 21, true, 21, "0123456789abcdefghijA"},
      {0, 30, true, 30, "0123456789abcdefghijABCDEFGHIJ"},
      {0, 31, false, 30, "0123456789abcdefghijABCDEFGHIJ"},

      {1, 0, true, 0, ""},
      {1, 9, true, 9, "123456789"},
      {1, 10, true, 10, "123456789a"},
      {1, 19, true, 19, "123456789abcdefghij"},
      {1, 20, true, 20, "123456789abcdefghijA"},
      {1, 29, true, 29, "123456789abcdefghijABCDEFGHIJ"},
      {1, 30, false, 29, "123456789abcdefghijABCDEFGHIJ"},

      {13, 3, true, 3, "def"},
      {13, 10, true, 10, "defghijABC"},
      {13, 30, false, 17, "defghijABCDEFGHIJ"},

      {29, 10, false, 1, "J"},
      {30, 10, false, 0, ""},
  };

  for (const auto& test_case : test_cases1) {
    RunBasicReadTest(buffer, test_case);
  }

  // Append many chunks to trigger the binary search logic in FindChunk.
  for (size_t i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
    buffer.Append(kNumeric10Chars, 10);
    buffer.Append(kSmallAlphabet10Chars, 10);
    buffer.Append(kLargeAlphabet10Chars, 10);
  }

  ReadTestCase test_cases2[] = {
      {30 * 3 + 5, 30, true, 30, "56789abcdefghijABCDEFGHIJ01234"},
      {30 * 9 + 8, 20, true, 20, "89abcdefghijABCDEFGH"},
  };
  for (const auto& test_case : test_cases2) {
    RunBasicReadTest(buffer, test_case);
  }
}

TEST_F(WebBundleChunkedBufferTest, PartialBuffer) {
  WebBundleChunkedBuffer buffer;

  buffer.Append(kNumeric10Chars, 10);
  buffer.Append(kSmallAlphabet10Chars, 10);
  buffer.Append(kLargeAlphabet10Chars, 10);

  // 0123456789 abcdefghij ABCDEFGHIJ
  //  ~~~~~~
  auto partial = buffer.CreatePartialBuffer(1, 5);
  EXPECT_EQ(1u, partial->chunks_.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(0ull, partial->chunks_[0].start_pos());

  // 0123456789 abcdefghij ABCDEFGHIJ
  //      ~~~~~
  partial = buffer.CreatePartialBuffer(5, 5);
  EXPECT_EQ(1u, partial->chunks_.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(0ull, partial->chunks_[0].start_pos());

  // 0123456789 abcdefghij ABCDEFGHIJ
  //      ~~~~~ ~
  partial = buffer.CreatePartialBuffer(5, 6);
  EXPECT_EQ(2u, partial->chunks_.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(0ull, partial->chunks_[0].start_pos());
  EXPECT_EQ(10ull, partial->chunks_[1].start_pos());

  // 0123456789 abcdefghij ABCDEFGHIJ
  //              ~~~~~~~~
  partial = buffer.CreatePartialBuffer(12, 8);
  EXPECT_EQ(1u, partial->chunks_.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(10ull, partial->chunks_[0].start_pos());

  // 0123456789 abcdefghij ABCDEFGHIJ
  //              ~~~~~~~~ ~
  partial = buffer.CreatePartialBuffer(12, 9);
  EXPECT_EQ(2u, partial->chunks_.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(10ull, partial->chunks_[0].start_pos());
  EXPECT_EQ(20ull, partial->chunks_[1].start_pos());

  // 0123456789 abcdefghij ABCDEFGHIJ
  //              ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~
  partial = buffer.CreatePartialBuffer(12, 15);
  EXPECT_EQ(2u, partial->chunks_.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(10ull, partial->chunks_[0].start_pos());
  EXPECT_EQ(20ull, partial->chunks_[1].start_pos());
  ReadTestCase test_cases[] = {
      {9, 10, false, 0, ""},
      {10, 10, true, 10, "abcdefghij"},
      {10, 11, true, 11, "abcdefghijA"},
      {10, 19, true, 19, "abcdefghijABCDEFGHI"},
      {10, 20, true, 20, "abcdefghijABCDEFGHIJ"},
      {10, 21, false, 20, "abcdefghijABCDEFGHIJ"},
  };
  for (const auto& test_case : test_cases) {
    RunBasicReadTest(*partial, test_case);
  }
}

TEST_F(WebBundleChunkedBufferTest, FindChunk) {
  WebBundleChunkedBuffer buffer;
  // FindChunk() always returns chunks_.end() when empty.
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.FindChunk(0) == buffer.chunks_.end());
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.FindChunk(1) == buffer.chunks_.end());

  // Append many chunks to trigger the binary search logic in FindChunk.
  for (size_t i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
    buffer.Append(kNumeric10Chars, 10);
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < 510; ++i) {
    SCOPED_TRACE(::testing::Message() << "i: " << i);
    EXPECT_EQ(i / 10, buffer.FindChunk(i) - buffer.chunks_.begin());
  }
  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.FindChunk(510) == buffer.chunks_.end());

  // 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 012...
  //                 ~~~~~ ~~~~~
  auto partial = buffer.CreatePartialBuffer(15, 10);
  EXPECT_TRUE(partial->FindChunk(9) == partial->chunks_.end());
  EXPECT_TRUE(partial->FindChunk(10) == partial->chunks_.begin());
  EXPECT_TRUE(partial->FindChunk(19) == partial->chunks_.begin());
  EXPECT_TRUE(partial->FindChunk(20) == partial->chunks_.begin() + 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(partial->FindChunk(29) == partial->chunks_.begin() + 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(partial->FindChunk(30) == partial->chunks_.end());
}

TEST_F(WebBundleChunkedBufferTest, DataSource) {
  WebBundleChunkedBuffer buffer;

  buffer.Append(kNumeric10Chars, 10);
  buffer.Append(kSmallAlphabet10Chars, 10);
  buffer.Append(kLargeAlphabet10Chars, 10);
  buffer.Append(kNumeric10Chars, 10);

  // 0123456789 abcdefghij ABCDEFGHIJ 0123456789
  //                 ~~~~~ ~~
  auto data_source = buffer.CreateDataSource(15, 7);
  ASSERT_TRUE(data_source);
  EXPECT_EQ(7ull, data_source->GetLength());

  struct TestCase {
    uint64_t offset;
    uint64_t length;
    MojoResult expected_result;
    uint64_t expected_bytes_read;
    std::string expected_read_result;
  } test_cases[] = {
      {0, 6, MOJO_RESULT_OK, 6, "fghijAXXXX"},
      {0, 7, MOJO_RESULT_OK, 7, "fghijABXXX"},
      {0, 8, MOJO_RESULT_OK, 7, "fghijABXXX"},
      {3, 4, MOJO_RESULT_OK, 4, "ijABXXXXXX"},
      {3, 5, MOJO_RESULT_OK, 4, "ijABXXXXXX"},
      {6, 10, MOJO_RESULT_OK, 1, "BXXXXXXXXX"},
      {7, 10, MOJO_RESULT_OUT_OF_RANGE, 0, "XXXXXXXXXX"},
      {8, 10, MOJO_RESULT_OUT_OF_RANGE, 0, "XXXXXXXXXX"},
  };
  for (const auto& test_case : test_cases) {
    SCOPED_TRACE(::testing::Message() << "offset: " << test_case.offset
                                      << " length: " << test_case.length);
    auto data = std::vector<unsigned char>(10, 'X');
    auto result = data_source->Read(
        test_case.offset, base::span<char>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(data.data()),
                                           test_case.length));
    EXPECT_EQ(test_case.expected_result, result.result);
    EXPECT_EQ(test_case.expected_bytes_read, result.bytes_read);
    EXPECT_EQ(test_case.expected_read_result,
              std::string(data.begin(), data.begin() + 10));
  }
}

}  // namespace network

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Warum? is een nummer van de Duitse meidengroep Tic Tac Toe uit 1997. Het is de eerste single van hun tweede studioalbum Klappe die 2te.

"Warum?" gaat over een hele goede vriendin van de leden van Tic Tac Toe, genaamd Melanie, die verslaafd was aan drugs en stierf aan een overdosis. Het nummer werd een grote hit in het Duitse taalgebied en haalde daar in alle drie de landen de nummer 1-positie. Het werd ook in Nederland een hit en bereikte de 4e positie in de Nederlandse Top 40.

Single uit 1997


who would आप pick, sheeta या nausica?
प्रशंसकों के पसंद: Never heard of it.
Which girl would आप want to be फ्रेंड्स with?
Do आप think Hayao Miyazaki should make sequels?
प्रिय Miyazaki movie main character?
a comment was made to the poll: My प्रिय Hayao Miyazaki movie या my sisters प्रिय movie; which one do आप prefer?


text:
Q: Trying to determine if a tree is a valid binary search tree The code below passes all test cases where we try to determine if a tree is a valid BST.
public static boolean validateBst(BST tree) {
    return isValid(tree, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}

public static boolean isValid(BST tree, int min, int max) {
    if (tree == null) {
        return true;
    }

    if (tree.value < min || tree.value >= max) {
        return false;
    }

    return isValid(tree.left, min, tree.value) && isValid(tree.right, tree.value, max);
}

The code above checks if a tree is a valid BST. The logic is simple, if a tree is null then it is a BST. If the value of the tree is less than the min and greater than the max we return false as it is not a valid BST condition.
The issue I have is when i change the following line:
if (tree.value < min || tree.value >= max) {
    return false;
}

To the following
if (tree.value > min && tree.value < max) {
    return true
}

The code does not pass all the test cases. This is confusing to me because I feel like both statements are saying the same thing.
The first if statement is saying if the value of the tree/node is less than the min or more than the max then you are not a valid BST and the second statement is saying if your value is within the range of min and max you are a valid bst.
So please help me understand why when i change that line my code does not pass all the test cases.
Is it because the moment i change that line and return true, i would not be checking the rest of the tree?

A:
The code does not pass all the test cases. This is confusing to me because I feel like both statements are saying the same thing.

There are two problems here, the first one can be fixed easily, the latter requires a more extensive code rewrite.
First of all, the negation of x<y is x≥y. Indeed, with x<y we exclude the possibility that x = y, but if we negate the condition, we should allow this case.
Next you can not just return true if the node has a value between min and max. A tree. Indeed: if the node is between the bounds that is good news, but the children of the node can still not be valid binary search trees, and thus we need to recurse on the children.
We can thus write this as:
if(min <= tree.value && tree.value < max){
       return isValid(tree.left,min,tree.value) && isValid(tree.right,tree.value,max);
}
return false;
Note that, depending on how you exactly implemented the search tree, you need to alter tree.value < max to tree.value <= max as well. Since in some trees (like balanced ones), both the left and the right subchild sometimes contain equivalent values. This however might not be very important if your search tree only contains distinct values, which usually is the case.


By black pink villa ski.
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Kate Middleton Wins Lawsuit Against Magazine That Printed Topless Photos
News 6:36 AM PDT, September 18, 2012 - Inside Edition
6:36 AM PDT, September 18, 2012 - Inside Edition
Kate Middleton danced with joy after a historic courtroom victory involving those shocking topless photos.
A French judge ruled Tuesday that the magazine that first published the pictures must hand them over.
Kate had sued the magazine, Closer. The judge ruled that Kate and William could legitimately have supposed that the French villa where they were staying was "sheltered from prying eyes." He said the topless photos were "particularly intrusive."
Royal expert Victoria Arbiter told INSIDE EDITION, "These images are there for the end of time, unless somebody is able to come in and completely wipe the internet clean. Unlikely. But, William has set a precedent for the future that this type of journalism won't be tolerated."
The villa was estimated to be more than half-a-mile from the spot where paparazzi was standing to take the topless shots.
Photography Professor Chris Corradino showed INSIDE EDITION's Megan Alexander the kind of lens that would have been required to shoot Kate at the remote French villa.
As Alexander stood on one side of the Hudson River in New York, Corradino positioned himself clear across the river in New Jersey and started shooting. Even from such a distance, the photos were very sharp.
Kate got news of her legal victory over the topless photos as she and William were wrapping up their visit to the South Pacific. She seemed over the moon as she and William took part in a hula-style dance.
Arbiter said, "There is no question that a tremendous weight has been lifted from William and Kate' shoulders. It was great to see them up dancing, enjoying each other, laughing, really getting into the spirit of things. So, I think they are very happy with today's verdict."


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text:
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