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Thomas Jefferson fun facts
10 Interesting Facts About Thomas Jefferson The Borgen
Top 10 Interesting Facts About Thomas Jefferson He served as a U.S. Minister to France. Jefferson had a vast appreciation for the French culture. He was enamored with its cuisine, art and architecture
For more on Jefferson's life, accomplishments, and controversies, take a look at this assembly of 25 facts. 1. He was addicted to learning. Born April 13 (April 2 on the pre-Gregorian calendar),..
Born on April 13, 1743, Thomas Jefferson was a leading figure in our country's quest for independence. A native of Virginia, Jefferson also played important roles in the early history of our fledgling nation as its Minister to France, Secretary of State and third President
15 Facts About Thomas Jefferson 1. Jefferson was fascinated by paleontology. Even Jefferson's detractors in life recognized him as a true man of science, and one of his largest interests was in prehistoric life
25 Things You Might Not Know About Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson can be credited with the crown of America's Renaissance Man as he was one of the most proficient presidents of America. Apart from being a successful president, he was also an inventor, author, educator, lawyer, architect, and philosopher
Thomas Jefferson is often called the Last Renaissance Man. He was certainly one of the most accomplished presidents in American History: a president, politician, inventor, archaeologist, naturalist, author, educator, lawyer, architect, violinist, and philosopher
Unusual facts: Jefferson's great contradiction is that he wrote the Declaration of Independence, declaring that all men are created equal, but he enslaved hundreds of people throughout his lifetime. Jefferson was the first president to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C., and he began the tradition of inaugurations being held at the U.S. Capitol
Fun Facts About Thomas Jefferson - Boston Tea Party Shi
Thomas Jefferson Facts For Kids On April 13, 1743, Thomas Jefferson was born in Virginia. He had three brothers and six sisters. He had a wealthy family and was brought up on a farm
Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, at Shadwell, a plantation on a large tract of land near present-day Charlottesville, Virginia. His father, Peter Jefferson (1707/08-57), was a..
April 13, 2021 by NCC Staff On the occasion of Thomas Jefferson's birthday, we have 10 interesting facts about the versatile Founding Father. He was born on April 13, 1743, in Virginia and died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence
Fun Facts about Thomas Jefferson Jefferson was also an accomplished architect. He designed his famous home at Monticello as well as buildings for the University of Virginia. He had nine brothers and sisters
Facts on Thomas Jefferson This is a list of basic Facts on Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson was a Virginia lawyer who was a delegate to the Continental Congress, the writer of the Declaration of Independence, a governor of Virginia, ambassador to France and Secretary of State under President George Washington Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, which declared the 13 colonies free from England and the rule of the King. See a copy of The Declaration of Independence by clicking here! He had thousands of books and loved reading almost anything even if it was written in Latin Thomas Jefferson was born near the Blue Ridge Mountains of the British-ruled colony of Virginia on April 13, 1743. From the age of nine, Jefferson studied away from home and lived with his tutor. His father—a landowner, surveyor, and government official—died when his son was 14. Fun Facts • Jefferson is credited with first introducing. The nation's third president was a fun, funny, endlessly curious man. Thomas Jefferson played games with his grandchildren at Monticello, his Virginia home. (Monticello watercolor by Gail McIntosh)..
15 Facts About Thomas Jefferson You Might Not Know
Thomas Jefferson was an interesting character, he could be described as a man of enlightenment, the 3rd of 10 siblings, he was born on April 13, 1743. On March 4, 1801, Thomas Jefferson was elected president of the United States Thomas Jefferson was the United States' first secretary of state, the second vice president, and the third president. He is best known as a draftsman of the Declaration of Independence of the US, as well as the statesman responsible for the Louisiana Purchase. Thomas Jefferson is also known as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States Thomas Jefferson served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Among other things, he was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, facilitated the Louisiana Purchase which nearly doubled the size of America, abolished the slave trade and founded the University of Virginia 42 Presidential Facts About Thomas Jefferson. 42 Presidential Facts About Thomas Jefferson. Danny Bianco. We confide in our strength, without boasting of it, we respect that of others, without fearing it. —Thomas Jefferson. President Thomas Jefferson is one of the most enigmatic and often-discussed figures in the history of United States Thomas Jefferson is most famous for being the 3rd president of the United States and one of its founding fathers. Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13rd, 1743 in Shadwell, Virginia, British America. Thomas Jefferson was the son of Jane Randolph and Peter Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson married Martha Wayles on January 1st, 1772
19 Interesting Facts About Thomas Jefferson OhFact
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) was one of America's Founding Fathers. He is credited as the primary author of the Declaration of Independence and became the third president of the United States.. See the fact file below for more information on the Thomas Jefferson or alternatively, you can download our 20-page Thomas Jefferson worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment Thomas Jefferson - Fascinating Facts. Thomas Jefferson is the third president in this 10-Day Series of Facts and Worksheets here at Mama's Learning Corner. He's also the 3rd President of the United States of America. During his adult life, he served as Secretary of State under George Washington, Vice-President with John Adams, and then as. 10 Stories That Show The Weird Side Of Thomas Jefferson. by Nolan Moore. fact checked by Jamie Frater. When it comes to America's Founding Fathers, there's no one more captivating or controversial than Thomas Jefferson. The third president of the United States, Jefferson was an extremely talented man who could play the violin, design his.
10 Things to Know About Thomas Jefferson - ThoughtCo
Jefferson was a lawyer, horticulturist, writer, politician, and leader. For all of Jefferson's contributions in making America what it is today his face is on the two dollar bill. 1. Third President of the United States. Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States. His first Vice President was Aaron Burr Thomas Jefferson, 82, and John Adams, 90, both died on July 4, 1826 within five hours of each other on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. 15. A Little Late to the Parade. July 4th was not deemed a federal holiday until 1870, nearly 100 years after the nation was founded
Thomas Jefferson Facts and Brief Biograph
Thomas Jefferson was chosen to draft this historic document, which was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. Facts about Declaration of Independence- Image of Thomas Jefferson. Fun Facts. The committee of men who drafted the Declaration of Independence knew that they were committing treason and could be executed for their crimes Fun Facts about Thomas Jefferson. Fun Facts. Kentucky became a state in 1792; Tennessee, in 1796. Ohio became a state in 1803. French emperor, Napoleon, wanted to build an empire in North America starting with a naval base on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea. Toussaint Louverture led an army of free blacks and slaves against Napoleon Interesting Facts on Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was a very remarkable man who started learning very early in life and never stopped. At 5, began studying under his cousin's tutor Thomas Jefferson is best known as the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, but it was not the only thing he wrote. He also wrote several other books and documents, and was particularly prolific as a letter writer. The Trend-Setter. Another one of the fun facts about Thomas Jefferson: he was a major trend-setter
Fun Facts. - Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the same day, July 4th, 1826, the 50th anniversery of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. -Thomas Jefferson was the 3rd of 10 children. - He had 6 children with Martha, but only 2 of them survived to adulthood. - He built the Monticello. - He loved to read Thomas Jefferson died at Monticello at the age of 83 on July 4, 1826. Fun Facts About John Adams. Thomas Jefferson was one of only two signers of the Declaration of Independence to become president. The other was John Adams. His inauguration (swearing in as president) was the first to be held in Washington D.C He would discover the woods, creeks, and streams, Thomas Jefferson facts for kids. 9. He wrote a book titled Notes on the State of Virginia. Notes on the State of Virginia is the one full-length ebook written by Jefferson. It was first printed in France in 1785, Thomas Jefferson fun facts Here are some interesting facts about Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States of America and one of the country's founding fathers and author of the Declaration of Independence Facts about Thomas Jefferson are sometimes hard to discern from legend and hearsay. Not everything about Thomas Jefferson is great and glorious, though he was a leader and a visionary among the Founding Fathers of the United States.Interesting facts about Thomas Jefferson must include details of his personal life that became fodder for his political opponents and a conundrum for American.
Thomas Jefferson built a clock on the outside wall. September 19, 2016 Weirdo. Thomas Jefferson built a clock on the outside wall of his house with only an hour hand, as he believed an hour hand would be accurate enough for his slaves. U.S. President Thomas Jefferson was also: a lawyer. July 11, 2016 Weirdo In fact, Jefferson was a lifetime owner of enslaved men and women. In 1767, at the age of 21, Jefferson inherited 5,000 acres of land from his father, which included 52 enslaved people. By 1822. Thomas Jefferson is known as one of the United States' founding fathers, and as a true Renaissance Man. He became president in 1801, but he was also a scientist, an inventor, an architect, and. Thomas Jefferson was a man of many things — perhaps moral depravity was one of them. After learning these dark Thomas Jefferson facts, read about the most shocking presidential quotes in U.S. history. Then, learn about Joseph P. Kennedy's dark past as a Nazi sympathizer
Interesting Thomas Jefferson Facts: It has often been said that Thomas Jefferson was addicted to learning. He learned to speak four languages and to read an additional two. Thomas Jefferson was a member of the Committee of Five and the Second Continental Congress. The group included Jefferson and Roger Sherman, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin. 10 Amazing & Interesting Facts About Thomas Jefferson The third President of the United States of America, Thomas Jefferson, was one of the most interesting men of his time. He was not only the writer of the Declaration of Independence but also played a crucial role in early American history Thomas Jefferson was a substantial Francophile, and presumably deepened his affection for all things French while working as a U.S. Envoy and Minister to the country. Meanwhile, he detested Great Britain with just as much vigor as he appreciated France. Indeed, he believed Great Britain to be a repulsive and evil place
Thomas Jefferson was born in Shadwell, Virginia on April 13, 1743. He was the third of ten children. He attended the College of William and Mary at age 16 and became a lawyer after college. Not. Thomas Jefferson was born on either April 2 or April 13 (scholars differ) in 1741 at Shadwell, Albemarle County, Virginia. His forebears were among the earliest emigrants from England. His father, Peter Jefferson was a surveyor and cartographer, making the first accurate map of the Allegheny region President Thomas Jefferson had six children with his wife, Martha. The eldest, Martha, and the fourth born, Mary, were the only two Jefferson children that survived to adulthood. Thomas Jefferson married Martha Wayles Skelton on January 1, 1772. He was married to his wife for ten years before she died at the age of 33 after a long illness Thomas Jefferson is best known as the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, but it was not the only thing he wrote. He also wrote several other books and documents, and was particularly prolific as a letter-writer. The Trend-Setter. Another one of the fun facts about Thomas Jefferson: he was a major trend-setter Thomas Jefferson was typically chosen due to his epic writing style. Not to mention he was the principal representative of Virginia. Jefferson willingly wrote the independence draft and justified it before the committee. The document presented by Jefferson provided the ideal statement for Americans Human Rights
Ten fun facts about Thomas Jefferson. Fact 1. Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Shadwell, Virginia. Fact 2. He learned all he could from Reverend James Maury and left home in 1760 to attend the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia's capital. Fact 3. Jefferson won admission to the Virginia bar in 1767 and was one. Jefferson's Secrets: Death and Desire at Monticello. New York: Basic Books, 2005. Sneakers Store | Air Jordan 4 - Collection - Sb-roscoff. 1. Jefferson to William Gordon, January 1, 1826, Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress. Transcription available at Founders Online. 2. See Jefferson to Martha Jefferson Randolph, August 21, 1818, in. Thomas Jefferson was said to write the first draft, but the Committee of Five actually drafted it, including: Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, John Adams and Roger Sherman. 9
When you think of July 4th, you may think of fireworks, flags, hot dogs and cookouts, but the reason behind all of the fun is so much more important. July 4th, 1776, marks the day America declared its independence from Britain, and while we're pretty familiar with the role the founding fathers played in those early days, there may be a few facts you don't know Brad takes you through 5 facts you may not know about Thomas Jefferson celebrating his birthday
Thomas Jefferson Facts For Kids Fun Facts About Thomas
Thomas Jefferson served as Vice President to ____ between 1797‒1801. Jefferson served as the first Secretary of State under ____ from 1790‒1793. In 1807, explorer Zebulon Pike sent two ____ to Thomas Jefferson as a gift. Over the course of many years, Jefferson fathered several illegitimate children with his slave ____ Interesting Facts about Thomas Jefferson 1. Thomas Jefferson' tombstone is one of the most unique in history. Unlike many, his tombstone bears no words about his presidential life. His tombstone is located at his hilltop mansion in Monticello. From his epitaph, it is seen that he was regarded as an author, an advocate, and a founder Interesting fact: $3 million was assigned to the commission, led by chairman Boylan, in order to create the memorial to Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson Memorial / Pixabay. 6. The Jefferson Memorial plan. It was the architect John Russell Pope that was assigned by the commission in 1935 to create the building Other Interesting Facts and Trivia: - John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were the only 2 signers of the Declaration of Independence who later became president. The both died on the same day - July 4, 1826 - exactly 50 years after they signed the Declaration. - Young Jefferson liked to play the violin. - Jefferson was a shy speaker, but excellent.
Video: Thomas Jefferson - Facts, Presidency & Children - HISTOR
10 facts about Thomas Jefferson for his birthday
See all videos for this article. Thomas Jefferson, (born April 2 [April 13, New Style], 1743, Shadwell, Virginia [U.S.]—died July 4, 1826, Monticello, Virginia, U.S.), draftsman of the Declaration of Independence of the United States and the nation's first secretary of state (1789-94) and second vice president (1797-1801) and, as the. Photo: Getty Images Quick Facts Name Thomas Jefferson Birth Date April 13, 1743 Death Date July 4, 1826 Education College of William and Mary Place of Birt
Here are some interesting facts about my hero the 2nd United States president Thomas Jefferson who wrote the declaration of independence.It on facts that you.. Thomas Jefferson was the first president to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C. 39. Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant, smoked at least 20 cigars a day and, after a brilliant war victory, a nation of well-wishers sent him more than 10,000 cigars
Biography of President Thomas Jefferso
Interesting Thomas Jefferson facts: 1-2-3. Thomas Jefferson was the first Governor to become President, the first Secretary of State, and the first President to have a Presidential election's results decided by Congress. Jefferson was the second Vice President, the second youngest member of the Second Continental Congress, and second Governor. The Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C., was dedicated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt 73 years ago today, on what would have been Thomas Jefferson's 200th birthday. Located next to the. 10 Fun Facts About Thomas Jefferson. 1. Thomas Jefferson was born in Shadwell, Virginia Colony, in April of 1743. His father was a large landowner and farmer, and Jefferson received a classical education, studying Greek, Latin, French, mathematics, and science. He entered the College of William & Mary at age 16 and graduated just two years later Thomas Jefferson facts and coloring picture: In the thick of party conflict in 1800, Thomas Jefferson wrote in a private letter, I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man. This powerful advocate of liberty was born in 1743 in Albemarle County, Virginia, inheriting from his father.
Unique and Enlightening Facts About the Thomas Jefferson Memorial. Thomas Jefferson will always be remembered as one of the most important figures in American history. After all, the man was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, an American Founding Father, and the third President of the country (Fun fact: Jefferson was passionate about design and was an architect in his own right.) The Jefferson Memorial's style is Classical Revival and is based on the Pantheon in Rome. According to the National Park Service (NPS), the structure echoes Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, in Charlottesville and the University of Virginia. The Vice Presidency of Thomas Jefferson. Nate Sullivan holds a M.A. in History and a M.Ed. He is an adjunct history professor, middle school history teacher, and freelance writer. In this lesson. Correct answer: X Your answer: For webquest or practice, print a copy of this quiz at the Thomas Jefferson webquest print page. About this quiz: All the questions on this quiz are based on information that can be found at Biography - Thomas Jefferson . Back to History for Kids. Advertisement
March 4, 1801: Thomas Jefferson was the first president to be inaugurated in Washington D.C.In his Inaugural Address he promises a frugal government that would be dedicated to the fiscal economy.. May 14, 1801: Tripoli declares war on the United States after Jefferson refuses to pay tribute that exceeded the $80,000 agreed to by treaty.The United States never officially declares war but. Thomas Jefferson is celebrating the big 2-7-3 today, and we have 10 interesting facts about the versatile Founding Father. thomasjefferson-535 He was born on April 13, 1743, in Virginia and died on July 4, 1826 on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence Aaron Burr Jr. was an American politician. He was the third Vice President of the United States, serving during Thomas Jefferson's first term. Take a look below for 30 more interesting and awesome facts about Aaron Burr. 1. Burr served as a Continental Army officer in the American Revolutionary War, after which he became a.. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin all made alcoholic beverages. 10 President Van Buren was born in his parents' tavern. 11 Long before he became president, Abraham Lincoln held a liquor license and sold whiskey in several places. 12 One of his licenses, dated 1833, can be seen in Bardstown, Kentucky
Thomas Jefferson was gifted inventor. He invented a polygraph device, which was used to make copies of letters and signatures. He also invented what he called a ''macaroni machine'', and developed. Thomas Jefferson is born. Thomas Jefferson is born on April 13, 1743 at Shadwell plantation in Virginia. When Tom is 3, his family moves 70 miles away to Tuckahoe plantation to care for relatives. 1752: Tom goes to school with Reverend William Douglas (About 1752). Tom learns to read at an early age
Fun facts Videos!! Home my info Fun facts Videos!! and now we have these meme things---Thomas Jefferson loved Vanilla Ice cream.---Thomas Jefferson was a Vegetarian.---Thomas Jefferson had his face put on the two dollar bill since 1862.---Jefferson kept pet mockingbirds. ---Jefferson died the same day and within a few hours of John Adams on. Jefferson's hand was finally forced by the June 1807 Chesapeake Affair, in which the British warship Leopard attacked the American frigate, Chesapeake. But instead of targeting England specifically, Jefferson decided to impose an embargo on all American trade overseas. The Embargo Act of 1807 had disastrous consequences for America
About the U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, history, trivia, and little-known facts. FULL PORTRAITS OF SELECTED PRESIDENTS 3rd President THOMAS JEFFERSON LITTLE-KNOWN FACTS When Jefferson was a boy, he and his best friend, Dabney Carr, used to rest under an oak tree not far from the site on which Monticello was later built Here are five fast facts about Thomas Jefferson: Jefferson was fluent in seven languages that included English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Greek and Latin. Jefferson was a lavish spender and spent almost $11,000 ($198,000 dollars today) on wine over his two terms as president. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the same day on July. 101 Fun Facts. 1. Three presidents, all Founding Fathers—John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Monroe—died on July 4. Presidents Adams and Jefferson also died the same year, 1826; President. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), the third President of the United States, faced many challenges, both personal and moral in nature. First, his beloved wife, Martha, died in 1782 at age 33 as a. Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, was also one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Born on 13 April 1743, Jefferson served as the state's third President in the period from 1801 to 1809, previously being the Vice President under President John Adams. Thomas Jefferson was a fighter for freedom, a human.
Thomas Jefferson was born in Shadwell, Virginia on April 13, 1743. He was born into a family that was closely related to some of the most prominent and wealthy people living in Virginia at that time. His mother was Jane Randolph. Her father was a ship captain named Isham Randolph of Dungeness Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States. Aside from this official title, history also remembers him as people's person, a vegetarian, an avid reader, a fan of letter writing and a fighter against slavery. Here's a compilation of those fun, interesting, weird and also really cool Thomas Jefferson facts 3. Two Presidents Died on the Same Day - July . Both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson signed the Declaration of Independence and both died on the same day.Weird. 4. Born on the 4th of July. President Calvin Coolidge was born on July 4th, 1872, putting him forever into the history books Thomas Jefferson: Home Life Family 8 Facts about Colonial Clothing 10 Interesting facts Sources Colonial clothing Red was expensive because of the lack of worms used to make the color. Gentry commonly wore a lot of expensive silk clothing. There were no pants, there were breeches and the Virginia State Capital in Richmond. Interesting Facts About Thomas Jefferson Jefferson was a musician He designed his home, Monticello, Jefferson was an astronomer Jefferson loved looking into the night sky at stars just as much he loved to read books. Jefferson spent Presidential Trivia, Fun Facts and Firsts. George Washington in military uniform, by Rembrandt Peale. George Washington was the only American president to be unanimously elected. Chester A. Arthur was nicknamed Elegant Arthur because of his fashion sense. Franklin Pierce was the first president to have a Christmas tree in the White House
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With Spring Summer 2012 presented to Milan Fashion Week September 2011We are off for a relaxing and romantic vacation in Positano, the islands of the Aegean and Africa, are dressed in sherbet colors, you choose the most romantic prints soft upholstery and slip lines on the body.
The collection is told through the nuances of cedar, mandarin, grapefruit and romantic touches of prints that are reminiscent of the Delft pottery or art installations of the Danish Nina Saunders and atmosphere Sixties.
Georgiana draws, in fact,. Normaluisa a spring summer collection very polite but not too naive with handmade crochet garments, cocktail dresses, cotton knitted with contrast edges and lurex insets.
Touch of Class is given by the optical illusion of the double theme is taken up in different outfits at the fashion show in Milan Fashion Week continues alternating between the pieces: the double belts that are waisted, double the lengths that form the body, double pleated skirts with petticoats that stretch into the hem to the knee, so the dual use of the silk trench coat be worn as a dress.


This section is not being presented in a way that modern day philosophy for the most part has become - which simply put it seems to have devolved to a linguistic analysis.
What if we cease to exist at physical death? Being mortal with no soul and there is no afterlife. It is the same as never existing in the first place. In my opinion, thinking the preceding in deep thought while alone with one having no hope of the possibility of an afterlife (along with a second part to it which I will not mention as it would not be right to give some people this needless apprehension) is the most unsettling thought there is. Needing to know and to the extent one needs to know all depends on the individual and the animal they are.
∙ Life after death can neither be proved nor disproved. This is because one would have to undergo physical death in order to prove or disprove it (and by its very nature, disproving it would not be possible). This is in contrast to something like astrology where one could undertake a study of people born at the same time and evaluate their personality traits and life outcomes at a later time to see if there is any correlation with time of birth.
There is no actual direct evidence against an afterlife - only arguments refuting the specific examples of evidence for life after death as not being sufficient proof. Although it can easily be argued that not having direct knowledge of an afterlife constitutes evidence against life after death. Life after death cannot be disproven; only the evidence in its favour can be scrutinized and rational non-believers are left to make the conclusion that life after death cannot be proven.
∙ It is hard to imagine any species (ie. mankind) would reach such a high level of consciousness of our own existence if it were all to end with this life. There is no evolutionary advantage or biological need for this. For a mortal life here on earth, the human mind is much more advanced than necessary.
Possibly we have reached such a state of consciousness, because there is a continuum to this life after this one ends? Just being conscious of our existence suggests that there may be an afterlife. Why else would we be aware of our mortality or be concerned with life after death? Possibly we can only fathom we could cease to exist because we never will cease to exist? In fact, awareness of our mortality or immortality and what it means goes beyond the awareness you exist (consciousness). Having a soul can explain consciousness, but if we do not possess souls, then how do we account for consciousness?
If it so happens that ones existence can end at any time and is not everlasting, it makes ones existence pointless in the first place and really, the ultimate form of cruelty.
∙ Why life? There is no scientific reason for the existence of life. The universe doesn't care if there is life in it - it does not benefit from it. Yet life, and especially more advanced life with consciousness like us humans, came about. A 'driving force' in the universe behind it that made it all happen would make some sense of it all. Many would call such a driving force, God.
Considering the fact we have our universe and matter and energy in it, we have to think why is there something rather than nothing? For without a Creator or some spiritual force behind it all, would it not be expected there would be nothing?
∙ It is difficult for some of us to believe there is life after death because it is all seems too incredible that we have a soul which leaves the body upon physical death and goes on to somewhere else. This is more so the case when many of us are wrapped up in our busy day to day lives with little time for reflection. Then we do not take time out to ponder how the bigger scheme of things might be because it has little bearing on our busy every day life with all its commitments, responsibilities, and distractions. If we were to put ourselves in a very dark room with no sounds or distractions when we aren't tired or sleepy, and engage in deep thought about the subject, then we may have more insight into what may actually be the truth. Of course the alternative, that there is no survival of consciousness, is all too hard to believe for many of us also.
∙ If we came from the 'other side', then should we not have fear of returning to it. So we should not have a fear of death as we could make the assumption that we would likely have some instinct built into us that we don't need to worry about our mortality since we are immortal. However, for the large part, this fear of death exists in most people to varying degrees.
Why are we not aware of where we came from and where we are going when we die? Why do we exist at all? What is the purpose of our existence and our life in this world? If we are reincarnated so that we may improve our souls, then should we not know this? If, as taught by Christianity this is our only life on earth, then why do we not have direct knowledge of this? Why is God not in direct contact with us? Maybe not knowing is a better 'test' for us. Going into this life on earth maybe we know the answers to the preceding questions, but once here this knowledge is 'taken' from us and we only can speculate - we therefore live our lives differently possibly and are not motivated by some selfish reward for a good life lived and the suffering we endure is of greater benefit to us. In other words, having direct knowledge of the afterlife would mean we would be motivated by reward (spiritual improvement) in our actions and would not suffer as much and therefore would not improve as much spiritually.
I don't think it was the intent of God or the 'universal consciousness' (assuming there is such) to reveal all to the satisfaction of everyone of us. For if it had, then surely we would all be believers. It all seems to be part of a greater plan to have it all this way.
I don't agree with some who believe mankind is not capable of understanding or comprehending this. For mankind not only has a great understanding of many difficult and complex areas of say science, but also made the discoveries to make it possible. At the very least, if all were to be revealed, the essence of it all should be understood by most.
® Further to the previous point, some sort of cosmic algorithm is likely in place which prevents absolute proof of life after death being made to the level necessary that would be to the satisfaction of all. This algorithm does this for a single proof or for the sum total of all evidence that would amount to proof. I don't think we will get this type of proof unless we are to be given such at some point in time in the future.
∙ We probably need to endure a minimal amount of suffering while here on earth or otherwise we would regress spiritually (due to becoming more smug and taking more of a 'blame the victim' attitude when others suffer and therefore we would become less empathetic when not enduring any suffering ourselves).
∙ It is possible that God is the collective consciousness of the universe (or universes). This might be some type of energy field which is the source of all the knowledge, intelligence, and power that guides the universe (or universes).
∙ Many of us automatically make the assumption that if life was created or designed intelligently, then there must be an afterlife. However, we are assuming the Creator or the 'force' responsible for the creation 'cares' for us and has given us souls everlasting and it is possible this may not be the case (although there are many convincing arguments and evidence for an afterlife). The reverse, however unlikely, could also apply: that there is an afterlife without a Creator or God.
As can be seen from analyzing the above, there are several possibilities. Life after death is not necessarily dependent upon a universe or life on earth having a Creator or Designer. Although of course life after death is so much more likely rationally having such.
∙ Life forms may have had to start out very simple and then became increasing complex as time passed because the souls to occupy them would have to advance through the reincarnation cycle. Logically this would explain why life on earth evolved the way it did as shown (be it inconclusively) by the scientific evidence.
® To account for the possibility of creating living organisms from scratch (if this is even ever possible) sometime in the future, if there is life after death then the following would have to also occur spiritually: the Creator would have to take responsibility for these life forms and place souls in them (this would have already applied to cloning). Because of this, it may be harder for some to accept that living things have something such as a soul that gives them life. If artificial intelligence is created, consciousness (some of the universal consciousness) could enter it (it may want to 'experience' it) thereby giving it life.
Much like energy, I don't think its likely consciousness could come out of nothing. And I doubt (but cannot rule out), that it could be artificially created or induced or simply be some byproduct of sufficient neural or brain activity.
® People (most of them) seem to have a certain amount of wisdom which is evident during childhood which seems could not have just been picked up as a baby (or child). This is more specifically true for having a well developed sense of right and wrong (or even of natural justice). Therefore, we could theorize that this is either a) genetically programmed into the brain prior to birth or b) it is part of the soul which is brought into this physical incarnation. The much more plausible explanation would appear to be we have all this from an existence prior to our birth into this world.
Some of us, especially many of you reading this website may feel that your personality ( level of empathy for other life, wisdom to an extent, sense of right and wrong, etc.) has not changed significantly since you have recall for (say age 3 or 4). Your sense of self was fully developed since that early age and has not changed significantly either. What has changed is your knowledge and added memories from life experiences as should be expected. Genes cannot fully account for this. To me this suggests that we could not have developed all this by age 3 or 4 and must have carried most of this in from a previous existence. This would apply to everyone but if you came into this world with a lesser developed soul, you would expect to experience greater changes in your personality and sense of self throughout this life.
® Why do we have desires to accomplish things and improve ourselves where there is no evolutionary benefit to us, our dependents, or our species? Some examples might be (not for monetary or social gain neither): creating music, writing novels, or taking courses solely for interest or accomplishment. Maybe we are more than just our physical bodies trying to survive in this world as Darwinian evolution may have us believe.
∙ In reincarnation, one would expect that empathy is the personality trait that would definitely be carried from one life to the next. One could logically assume that a soul would not progress if it does not improve its empathy for other living things; then in subsequent lives it would be incarnated into equal or higher (more intelligent or of higher mental capacity) life forms. This is not consistent with the fact that some humans appear to have lower empathy for other life than do some animals. Possibly, higher life forms are not always incarnations of more progressed souls? For example, the soul born as a dog may have reached a higher level of spiritual development than most humans but may have taken this lower form in order to learn particular lessons in a more efficient way.
Another aspect of personality which would make sense to be part of the soul (at least partially) is wisdom. But its manifestation in the individual might be dependent upon the physical body (brain) occupied. Likewise, the empathy shown by the soul may also be likewise restricted by the physical body occupied. It may be likely that empathy and wisdom often go together - ie. a life form often won't have too much of one without having the other in the same range.
® Love or empathy for other species does not make any sense from an evolutionary viewpoint. For example, when an animal is injured or killed for no justifiable reason, we will likely feel bad about it. Yet there is no evolutionary advantage in us feeling this way and in fact it can be argued that it is a detriment to our own survival since we are competing with them. Instead, us having souls which are capable of loving all living things does explain this.
∙ If we ask the questions, who or what created our Creator if there is such? When did time start? Where did matter and energy come from? Most likely there is no start point and our Creator has always existed as have matter and energy. Contemplating the preceding, I am more inclined to believe that a Designer is ultimately responsible for the existence of our universe.
® It is possible that there is no start point to the original creation of consciousness (God or the universal consciousness has always existed). Maybe our consciousness has always existed and we simply travel along a closed circle and are free to go to any point in time backwards or forwards. At different points along the circle we have different levels of soul progression. While on earth we planned prior to incarnation for a certain time here and cannot do this but can back in the spirit realm. I don't think this is how it all works and most likely is all wrong but I just wanted to put it forth more to show there could be many possibilities and some we may not even be able to comprehend in our limiting present states. Also, as others have theorized, the past, present, and future may be simultaneously occurring.
® There is the possibility that the God of our universe may have other equivalent Gods who are responsible for their own universes and there is a God who presides over all of them. This chain of hierarchy could even be infinite in length. We could rule out the possibility that a 'higher up' God may not be all good and could destroy anything beneath him (including our souls if that is in fact possible). This is because the 'ultimate' God would not create what may have evil in it and so on down the chain (He is infinitely good and all Gods below him would also be such as He who creates them is).
(1) We are on earth to increase our empathy for other life and to be accountable for the effect of our actions and behaviour on the world. An example of this in practical terms is if we know that when we drive recklessly and our passenger dies as a result, we will feel badly. But if we know that they will be reunited with the same loved ones in the afterlife that they leave behind when they die, then our empathy for others will not improve as easily. This is because we know the loss is only temporary for everyone effected and it is as if the person who dies only just goes to a foreign land for what is a very short period of an infinite life. This might be why we do not have a complete knowledge of the afterlife. Note that with the full and complete knowledge of an afterlife, ones actions might improve but our empathy for other living things while here on earth would probably not improve to the same extent. Also, we may be motivated by spiritual reward and not progress spiritually to the same extent.
(2) Taking (1) further, we have decided to come into this world in order to 'fast track' our spiritual progression. We could have remained in the spirit world for this same time period but there, with full understanding, we would not advance as much (we would endure less suffering also). Though it is possible that we could also incarnate into other worlds or universes where full knowledge of life after death and/or God may be given during that lifetime.
(3) We may also have perfect knowledge in the spiritual dimension and we may not make the bad choices which causes others to suffer and progress spiritually and is necessary to build bad karma for us, thereby advancing us spiritually later when we suffer the effects of this bad karma.
(4) Karma and pre-destined events in our lives might work via something akin to a 'great' or 'grand' algorithm. We might 'input' all this into this algorithm prior to incarnation on earth.
(5) Since we are mentally developed to such an extent, we are given limited knowledge (through religion, logical arguments, near death experiences, etc.) so as to give us peace of mind, a sense of purpose and justice in life, and hope. As mankind has progressed through the ages, so as his mental sophistication and that is why greater evidence for the afterlife is needed to satisfy man, not mere almost blind faith. Maybe it is no coincidence that near death experiences are 'allowed' to occur so much more frequently.
(6) Empathy is something the soul must develop (as opposed to having it given to it) through suffering, loss. pain, etc. since it does not start with any. This would explain all the suffering in the world.
® There may be a spiritual law (analogous to the laws of physics) that only allows creation of souls from nothing if the new soul is of some say 'zero point' empathy. Then later as this new soul suffers and adds empathy, there would be growth (spiritual) in the sum total of the consciousness in existence. If it could only be created perfectly if it were already part of the existing consciousness present (and broke off from it) and there would have been no resulting growth.
As others have put forth, maybe God wants to have all these experiences of life and that is the reason for life. Though some, including myself, think God could just 'dream' it all instead of allowing all the suffering to take place. I think very likely the suffering is necessary for the growth of the sum total of the consciousness plus the positive experiences in life is why there is life also (in addition to this spiritual growth). These positive experiences also make the suffering more tolerable (to varying degrees for each individual consciousness and the life lived).
∙ The same observation can easily have different interpretations. Take for example, the injustice of suffering on earth. Some take this as there is no God otherwise why would God let this happen. While others see it to mean there must be a God then to administer some form of ultimate natural justice.
∙ If we possess souls and are on this earth to learn lessons and improve our souls, then why do we endure suffering for which we already possess empathy to a high degree for when others suffer the same fate? Unless something like karma can explain this, then this would in fact be evidence against us having souls and a purpose (and hence, life after death). If this is all orchestrated by some supernatural means, then surely this type of needless adversity could instead be made to happen to a person who needs to learn the lesson or improve this type of empathy. Or it could just be that whatever external influence there is is minimal or not exercised at all - because all living things are given free will. Or there could be another purpose for it that we don't see readily or not at all in this life; it could be something that has to do with future events.
® A way of looking at the relationship between the body and the soul is by way of analogy to that of a computer connected to the internet (we'll say a wireless connection to make it more alike).
At birth (or conception or somewhere in between), the soul/mind (similar to software with related files) is downloaded onto the body/brain (similar to a computer hard drive). The soul lives through this body just like software does through a computers operating system, hard drive, CPU, etc. (which we can equate to the brain). The mind which is part of the soul works using the bodies brain. Memories of previous lives and the heavens is not known because the 'software' is not able to be fully deciphered by the 'computer' (the brain) and/or all the software isn't sent. This is analogous to a new computer software program not working fully on an old computer operating system or if not enough RAM is available or the CPU is too slow (eg. the latest software doesn't run fully on Windows 98 or less than 128 MB of RAM or Pentium III).
At death, the soul is 'uploaded' back to the heavens (internet server) along with modifications to its 'software' code (what transformations happened to the soul during its life on earth) as well as additions to its files (life experiences and memories).
We also have to wait for the brain (computer) to develop fully. This is why our wisdom and sense of right and wrong increase at such a fast rate throughout childhood without the benefit of all the life experiences to teach us - it is our soul 'coming through' as the brain develops and is able to interpret what it is bringing with it. This is especially true for the sense of right and wrong which develops very quickly in very young children. Also, our sense of right and wrong may have been given to us by the Creator so we might self evaluate and regulate our actions and behaviours.
This page was last updated on: May 22, 2010.


text:
Some thoughts on the new US Maritime Strategy
20 Mar 2015|Sam Bateman
This post is a contribution to a series leading to ASPI's Future Surface Fleet Conference from 30 March to 1 April 2015. Registration closes 23 March.
A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower: Forward, Engaged, Ready, the long-awaited revised US Maritime Strategy, was released by the chiefs of US Navy, US Coast Guard, and US Marine Corps on 13 March. As a sign of the times, it's a more hawkish document than its 2007 predecessor—it gives greater attention to threats, forward naval presence, and the concepts of deterrence, sea control and power projection.
The Strategy is an unclassified document supported by classified annexes that outline operational plans and likely opponents in more detail. It has several aims. Domestically, it informs the American public about the contribution of the sea services to national security while providing those services with the strategy on which to base their training and tactics. Abroad, the strategy aims at reassuring allies and intimidating potential adversaries.
Unsurprisingly in a time of sequestration and budgetary competition, the Strategy's also aimed at justifying the Navy's budget. It notes that the Navy's current budget submission will provide for more than 300 ships and a forward presence of about 120 ships by 2020, up from an average of 97 in 2014. Sixty percent of those ships will be assigned to the Asia-Pacific, including more Littoral Combat Ships and Ballistic-Missile-Defence (BMD) vessels. Higher operational and personnel costs will result, but those aren't acknowledged in the Strategy.
While the 2007 Strategy spoke of maritime forces being employed to build trust and confidence through collective security efforts, the words 'trust' and 'confidence' don't occur in the new document in a strategic context. At a time when the Asia-Pacific region is characterised by high levels of strategic distrust, it'd be easy to conclude that the US Navy's not much interested in trust- or confidence-building.
Tensions and competition between the US and China are at the heart of current distrust in the region. The bilateral relationship is plagued by miscommunications and misperceptions on both sides. China views the American rebalance as containment while the US sees Chinese military developments as aimed at denying US forces access to the littoral waters of East Asia. As the new strategy notes without referring to China specifically (p.8), 'The Sea Services face a growing range of challenges in gaining access and operating freely in the maritime commons'.
There's nothing in the new Maritime Strategy that'll help that situation. In fact it might worsen it. America's sea services could do a lot to help build trust in the region, but by emphasising the military side of the US rebalance, the Strategy only adds to the security dilemma between the US and China.
As a small example of what might be possible, the current restrictions under the FY2000 Defense Authorisation Act that prevent PLA officers being accepted at US military institutions might be relaxed to allow PLAN officers to study at places like the U.S. Naval War College. During his speech at the International Maritime Security Conference in Singapore in 2013, Admiral Wu Shengli, the Chief of the PLAN, suggested more exchanges between the younger generation of military officers to help build trust and understanding for the future. Current US policy runs against that. Similarly, the US Navy has recently knocked back an invitation from China for a USN aircraft carrier to visit China while, at the same time, entering into a joint arrangement with India to develop aircraft-carrier technology.
Despite the rhetoric about a global network of like-minded navies, there's no reference in the latest Strategy to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the framework that provides for cooperation. Instead the references to 'international waters' and 'global commons' look like an attempt to deny extended forms of jurisdiction under UNCLOS. The seas of East Asia, for example, are not 'international waters', or part of the 'maritime commons'. Rather, they're the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the littoral States which have important rights and duties in those seas, as well as an obligation to cooperate in their management. The fact that the United States is not a party to UNCLOS remains a significant limitation on its ability to exercise the leadership in the maritime domain that it aspires to.
The 2007 Maritime Strategy was the basis for the concepts of the 1,000-ship Navy and the Global Maritime Partnership Initiative. The latest Strategy expresses similar sentiments, but they're not its cornerstone. It sees maritime cooperation only in the context of naval cooperation. Relatively little attention is given to cooperation between coast guards and only token acknowledgment is given to the role of the US Coast Guard beyond home waters.
The new Maritime Strategy may appeal to its domestic audiences and may help to reassure US friends and allies abroad. But in the Asia-Pacific region it may contribute to greater distrust between the US and China.
Sam Bateman is a professorial research fellow at the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, and also an adviser to the Maritime Security Programme at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Image courtesy of US Navy.
maritime capability
maritime cooperation
maritime strategy
What might America's new long range strike-bomber cost? (part 3)
Learning from experience: the lessons of Collins
Forget the carrier option: an engineer's response
The future littoral combat ship

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


AMDIS (Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System) is a new (easy to use) sophisticated software for GC-MS data interpretation from NIST.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS) is applied to a selection of data files obtained from the gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of urinary organic acids. Mass spectra obtained after deconvolution are compared with a special user library containing both the mass spectra and retention indices of ethoxime-trimethylsilyl (EO-TMS) derivatives of a set of organic acids. Efficient identification of components is achieved and the potential of the procedure for automated diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism and for related research is demonstrated.
The complexity of a matrix is in many cases the major limiting factor in the detection and identification of trace level analytes. In this work, the ability to detect and identify trace level of pesticides in complex matrices was studied and compared in three, relatively new methods: (a) GC-PFPD-MS where simultaneous PFPD (pulsed flame photometric detection) and MS analysis is performed. The PFPD indicates the exact chromatographic time of suspected peaks for their MS identification and provides elemental information; (b) automatic GC-MS data analysis using the AMDIS (Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System) software by the National Institute of Standards and Technology; (c) GC-MS-MS analysis. A pesticide mixture (MX-5), containing diazinon, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, methyl trithion and ethion was spiked, in descending levels from 1 ppm to 10 ppb, into soil and sage (spice) extracts and the detection level and identification quality were evaluated in each experiment. PFPD-MS and AMDIS exhibited similar performance, both superior to standard GC-MS, revealing and identifying compounds that did not exhibit an observable GC peak (either buried under the chromatographic background baseline or co-eluting with other interfering GC peaks). GC-MS-MS featured improved detection limits (lower by a factor of 6-8) compared to AMDIS and PFPD-MS. The GC-PFPD-MS-MS combination was found useful in several cases, where no reconstructed ion chromatogram MS-MS peaks existed, but an MS-MS spectrum could still be extracted at the elution time indicated by PFPD. The level of identification and confirmation with MS-MS was inferior to that of the other two techniques. In comparison with the soil matrix, detection limits obtained with the loaded sage matrix were poorer by similar factors for all the techniques studied (factors of 5.8, .6.5 and 4.0 for AMDIS, PFPD-MS and MS-MS, respectively). Based on the above results, the paper discusses the trade-offs between detectivity and identification level with the compared three techniques as well as other more traditional techniques and approaches.
Multi-targeted metabolite profiling has been established for abundant solublemetabolitesfromplant samples,.To further the understanding of the regulation of primary metabolism this investigation attempts to complement the metabolite profiling technique with a comprehensive phytohormone profile analysis. Phyto-hormones are a chemically diverse class of biomolecules. Here we report proof of concept by demonstrating that all major classes of phytohormones may be analized within a single GC/MS setup afterappropriatechemicalderivatization.
Sequencing of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome is complete. The analytical tools for determining gene function by altering and monitoring gene expression are relatively well developed, and are generating large volumes of valuable data. Recent advances in techniques for the analysis of small molecules allow researchers to apply biochemical profiling as another powerful approach to functional genomics and metabolic research.
A method is presented for extracting individual component spectra from GC/MS data files and then using these spectra to identify target compounds by matching spectra in a reference library. It extends a published model peak approach which uses selected ion chromatograms as models for component shape. On the basis of this shape, individual mass spectral peak abundance profiles are extracted to produce a purified spectrum. In the present work, ion-counting noise is explicitly treated and a number of characteristic features of GC/MS data are taken into account. This allows spectrum extraction to be reliably performed down to very low signal levels and for overlapping components. A spectrum match factor for compound identification is developed that incorporates a number of new corrections, some of which employ information derived from chromatographic behavior. Test results suggest that the ability of this system to identify compounds is comparable to that of conventional analysis.
Analytical spectroscopists must be computer literate to effectively carry out the tasks assigned to them. This has often been resisted within organizations with insufficient funds to equip their staff properly, a lack of desire to deliver the essential training and a basic resistance amongst staff to learn the new techniques required for computer assisted analysis.
In the past these problems were compounded by seriously flawed software which was being sold for spectroscopic applica-tions. Owing to the limited market for such complex products the analytical spectroscopist often was faced with buying incomplete and unstable tools if the price was to remain reasonable. Long product lead times meant spectrometer manufacturers often ended up offering systems running under outdated and sometimes obscure operating systems. Not only did this mean special staff training for each instrument where the knowledge gained on one system could not be transferred to the neigh-bouring system but these spectrometers were often only capable of running in a stand-alone mode, cut-off from the rest of the laboratory environment.
Fortunately a number of developments in recent years have substantially changed this depressing picture. A true multi-tasking operating system with a simple graphical user interface, Microsoft Windows NT4, has now been widely introduced into the spectroscopic computing environment which has provided a desktop operating system which has proved to be more stable and robust as well as requiring better programming techniques of software vendors. The opening up of the Internet has provided an easy way to access new tools for data handling and has forced a substantial re-think about results delivery (for example Chemical MIME types, IUPAC spectroscopic data exchange standards). Improved computing power and cheaper hardware now allows large spectroscopic data sets to be handled without too many problems. This includes the ability to carry out chemometric operations in minutes rather than hours. Fast networks now enable data analysis of even multi-dimensional spectroscopic data sets remote from the measuring instrument. A strong tendency to opt for a more unified graphical user interface which is substantially more user friendly allows even inexperienced users to rapidly get acquainted with even the complex mathematical analyses.
Some examples of new spectroscopic software products will be given to demonstrate the aforesaid points and highlight the ease of integration into a modern analytical spectroscopy workplace.
Plant biology, especially the fields of molecular genetics and molecular physiology, is currently undergoing a change in paradigm from vertical analysis of the role(s) of one or a few genes to horizontal holistic approaches, studying the function of many or even all of the genes of an organism simultaneously. This change is leading us beyond genomes to transcriptomes, proteomes and metabalomes, and to an understanding of life at an entirely new level. Profiling strategies are putting this change into effect through the generation of large amounts of data, requiring that current bioinformatic approaches adapt and grow in order to make the most of these data.
Now that complete genome sequences are available for a variety of organisms, the elucidation of gene functions involved in metabolism necessarily includes a better understanding of cellular responses upon mutations on all levels of gene products, mRNA, proteins, and metabolites. Such progress is essential since the observable properties of organisms - the phenotypes - are produced by the genotype in juxtaposition with the environment. Whereas much has been done to make mRNA and protein profiling possible, considerably less effort has been put into profiling the end products of gene expression, metabolites. To date, analytical approaches have been aimed primarily at the accurate quantification of a number of pre-defined target metabolites, or at producing fingerprints of metabolic changes without individually determining metabolite identities. Neither of these approaches allows the formation of an in-depth understanding of the biochemical behaviour within metabolic networks. Yet, by carefully choosing protocols for sample preparation and analytical techniques, a number of chemically different classes of compounds can be quantified simultaneously to enable such understanding. In this review, the terms describing various metabolite-oriented approaches are given, and the differences among these approaches are outlined. Metabolite target analysis, metabolite profiling, metabolomics, and metabolic fingerprinting are considered. For each approach, a number of examples are given, and potential applications are discussed.
Manual headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the qualitative analysis of the aromas of four native Brazilian fruits: cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum, ´ Spreng.), caja (Spondias lutea, L.), siriguela (Spondias purpurea, L.) and graviola (Anona reticulata, L). Industrialized pulps of these fruits were used as samples, and extractions with SPME fibers coated with polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylate, Carbowax and Carboxen were carried out. The analytes identified included several alcohols, esters, carbonyl compounds and terpernoids. The highest amounts extracted, evaluated from the sum of peak areas, were achieved using the Carboxen fiber.
The systematic status and the evolutionary biology of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the South West Atlantic Ocean is confusing with an unknown degree of genetic differentiation and reproductive isolation between units. Simultaneous genetic and morphologic analyses were made on 227 fish collected from two areas of the South West Atlantic Ocean and one from the Mediterranean Sea. The genetic analysis was based on 36 protein-coding loci, 16 of which were variable. The morphologic analyses include six morphometric length measurements and a meristic character. Correspondence between genetic and morphologic variability patterns indicates isolated Mediterranean and Southwest Atlantic subgroups of S. japonicusand, less clearly, possible additional divergence in two regional stocks within the latter group. The most conservative approach to management is to manage the stocks independently of one another.
Earlier studies have shown that a resistive-heated capillary column is a good alternative for fast temperature-programmed gas chromatography (GC). An assembly which can be used to upgrade existing gas chromatographs and is commercially available, is the so-called EZ Flash. The capillary column is placed inside a metal tube which can be heated, and cooled, much more rapidly than any conventional GC oven. The EZ Flash assembly generates temperature ramps up to 1200°C/min and cools down from 300 to 50°C in some 30 s. In the present study, EZ Flash was combined with quadrupole mass selective (MS) detection. Samples were injected via a conventional split/splitless injector in both injection modes. The combination of a short column (5 m in length), a high gas flow rate and fast temperature programs typically decreased standard analysis times of 30 min to about 2.5 min. The loss of separation efficiency caused by the fast temperature gradients could be compensated by using the mass selective detector. The scan speed of a quadrupole mass spectrometer (10 spectra/s in the range m/z 50–310) was sufficient to reconstruct the peaks properly, while still good-quality mass spectra were obtained. The approach is ideally suited for fast screening. An applications will be shown, regarding organic contamination of food samples.
Complex samples with components at widely differing concentration levels pose a significant challenge to analysts, when high throughput rapid analysis is required. The use of GC/TOF-MS allows rapid collection of data from components eluted from narrow-bore GC columns. The wide dynamic range of the particular instrument used enables components at percent levels and sub ppm levels to be determined in the same analytical run, thereby saving time and sample preparation effort. Full characterisation can be achieved from complex samples using the library comparison software. The automation of this identification speeds up the sample characterization process, saving valuable time and simplifying the process.


Like bad employees who leave the office with more work to do, the Obama Administration leaves the country and the world a complete mess for someone else to clean up. Eight years of bad foreign policy and decisions that only Satan would approve of have all led to a gigantic mess.
What started this foreign policy mess was Hillary Clinton. Hillary, you remember (with the blessings of Obama) destabilized North Africa and the Middle East by encouraging the Muslim Brotherhood, ISIS back, and Al Qaeda-backed Arab Spring. The Arab Spring that led Libya in ruins, Egypt almost turned radical, a fearful Israel, and a terror-stricken Iraq and Syria.
This tidal wave of poor decision making and idiotic foreign policy led ultimately to Aleppo. The US backed Syrian rebels (Al Qaeda terrorists) and the Syrian Army. Syrian leader Assad was ultimately slated for execution like Hillary did to Gaddafi, through Syrian back terrorist rebels. However, Assad wasn't going to back down and his Army was more loyal and better trained. Assad also had the intelligence to call on Russia for help. Thus the remnants of the Obama administration's failed, Hillary led foreign policy has culminated in the assassination of a Russian Ambassador.
With all these poor decisions the past eight years, it seems President Donald J. Trump will have his work cut out for him and his administration. Just remember though who created the mess we are in now. Barack Hussein Obama, John Kerry, and Hillary Rodham Clinton.


text:
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#  include <dtn-config.h>
#endif

#include "IPNDSDTLV.h"
#include "bundling/SDNV.h"
#include <cstring>

namespace ipndtlv {

IPNDSDTLV::BaseDatatype::BaseDatatype(const uint8_t &tag_value,
        const std::string &name)
    : oasys::Logger("BaseDatatype", "/ipnd-tlv/type/%s",
            (name.size() == 0)?"undef":name.c_str()),
      tag_(tag_value),
      log_name_(name),
      content_read_(false) {

    if(log_name_.size() == 0) {
        log_warn("Constructing BaseDatatype with no defined name!");
    }
}

IPNDSDTLV::BaseDatatype::~BaseDatatype() {
    // nop
}

uint8_t IPNDSDTLV::BaseDatatype::getTag() const {
    return (const uint8_t)tag_;
}

bool IPNDSDTLV::BaseDatatype::isFilled() const {
    return content_read_;
}

void IPNDSDTLV::BaseDatatype::setFilled() {
    content_read_ = true;
}

bool IPNDSDTLV::BaseDatatype::lengthCheck(const unsigned int &len,
        const unsigned int &req, const std::string &action) const {
    if(len < req) {
        log_err("Type %s failure; insufficient remaining length [%u<%u]",
                action.c_str(), len, req);
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }
}

bool IPNDSDTLV::BaseDatatype::tagCheck(const uint8_t &tag,
        const std::string &action) const {
    if(tag != getTag()) {
        log_err("Type %s failure; tag mismatch [%u/%u]!", action.c_str(), tag,
                getTag());
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }
}

int IPNDSDTLV::BaseDatatype::readSdnv(const u_char **buf,
        const unsigned int &len_remain, uint64_t *value) const {
    if(!lengthCheck(len_remain, 1, "read sdnv")) {
        return IPNDSDTLV::ERR_LENGTH;
    }

    // XXX (agladd) We're doing all this before calling SDNV::decode in order to
    // perform our own sanity checks of the lengths.

    u_char sdnv[dtn::SDNV::MAX_LENGTH] = {'\0'};
    u_char *ptr = sdnv, *mbuf = (u_char*)*buf;
    unsigned int len = 0;
    unsigned int bound = (len_remain < dtn::SDNV::MAX_LENGTH)?
            len_remain:static_cast<unsigned int>(dtn::SDNV::MAX_LENGTH);
    bool hit_bound = false;

    memcpy(ptr, mbuf, 1);
    len++;

    // keep reading as long as the MSB is set and we don't hit bound
    while(*ptr & 0x80) {
        if(len >= bound) {
            hit_bound = true;
            break;
        } else {
            ptr++;
            mbuf++;
            memcpy(ptr, mbuf, 1);
            len++;
        }
    }

    if(hit_bound) {
        log_err("Could not read full SDNV due to length constraints! [%u]",
                len);
        return IPNDSDTLV::ERR_LENGTH;
    } else {
        unsigned int dLen = dtn::SDNV::decode(sdnv, len, (u_int64_t*)value);
        if(dLen != len) {
            log_err("SDNV decode length mismatch! [%u!=%u]", dLen, len);
            return IPNDSDTLV::ERR_PROCESSING;
        } else {
            return len;
        }
    }
}

bool IPNDSDTLV::isReservedType(const uint8_t &tag) {
    if((tag & RESERVED_MASK) == 0) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

bool IPNDSDTLV::isReservedPrimitive(const uint8_t &tag) {
    if(isReservedType(tag) && (tag & PRIMITIVE_MASK) == 0) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

bool IPNDSDTLV::isReservedConstructed(const uint8_t &tag) {
    if(isReservedType(tag) && (tag & PRIMITIVE_MASK) > 0) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

IPNDSDTLV::IPNDSDTLV() {
    // should never get here
    // TODO (agladd): maybe should log a warning here?
}

IPNDSDTLV::~IPNDSDTLV() {
    // should never get here
}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
export const initialState = {
  isOpen: false,
  sharePath: null
};

const setShareModal = (state, { payload }) => ({
  ...state,
  isOpen: payload.open,
  sharePath: payload.sharePath
});

export default {
  setShareModal
};


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Mobility Access
What's Nearby?
Sustainability and Community Engagement
It matters a great deal to us that our campsite is as sustainable and non-polluting a venture as possible. For that reason, from the very outset we decided to do everything we could to make sure that our impact is as minimal as we can make it and that our project would actually be of net benefit to the local environment.
Trees and the land
A mix of native trees, some 250 in all, has been planted through the site – mainly birch, willow, rowan, wild cherry and fir, with a scattering of oak, beech, ash, copper beech and others. Summer-fruiting trees such as cherry, plum and greengage have been planted along the boundaries of the camping terraces – help yourself to any that the birds don't get!
It's been nearly two decades since any pesticides have been sprayed on the land here and the benefits are there to be seen with the return of wildflowers and wildlife. While paths and camping areas are kept clear, certain sections of grass are only cut a couple of times a year, and verges and other areas are allowed to grow unchecked. This encourages wildflowers, clover and other habitats for bees, moths, ladybirds, frogs and more.
Renewable Energy & water purity
Solar panels provide most of the electrical energy used on site, and the water for showers and taps is heated using biogas. As outdoor cooking facilities are provided, disposable single-use barbecues are not permitted.
We provide biodegradable hand-soap in the bathrooms and kitchens so as to minimise the pollution of the watercourses. All waste water from the loos, sinks and showers is processed using an on-site package plant which releases only clean water into the river. Theoretically, it's pure enough to drink, but visitors are encouraged to refill their bottles from one of the taps!
Repurposing, recycling, and leave no trace
In line with the aim to "reduce, re-use, repurpose, recycle", the buildings housing the bathrooms and campsite kitchen have been converted from rescued refrigerated lorry containers, which would otherwise have ended up in the scrapyard. Instead, they've been given a second life and restored, reusing materials wherever possible (e.g. to fabricate the internal stud walls. The cabins have been built partially from recovered timber which was destined to be chipped and burned.
Our aim is to minimise, if not eliminate entirely, single-use plastics on site. We do not provide or encourage the use of plastic disposable cutlery – bamboo cutlery is available from our honesty shop for pennies, simply to cover the purchase cost. Similarly, plastic disposable plates and cups are strongly discouraged.
The outdoor furniture in our campsite – all the picnic tables, benches and loveseats – were made by Greenlight Gateway Ballycastle, a voluntary organisation which provides training and supported employment for adults with a range of learning disabilities. We are honoured to provide a supported work placement in partnership with Greenlight's parent organisation, Triangle Employment Support.
Quality & satisfaction guaranteed
DISCLAIMER: Some photos are for illustrative purposes only and not of the actual campsite.
© 2020 Flesk Water Camping • Privacy Policy • Website By Jack Poyntz Studio
This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Okay, Got it!


As we are manufacturers of individual jewellery pieces our clients frequently request pieces to be made that we have not manufactured before. Due to the complexities of each individual design, we may not be able to quote a price at the initial visit. We will analyse what needs to be done to achieve the desired outcome, then Email or phone with an estimate of the price.
It is useful if the client informs us if they have a budget that they wish the piece to fit into so we can take this into consideration during the design process.


Universities from mainland China have broken into a global top 100 index in an annual ranking for the first time as Harvard retained its No 1 spot for the 14th consecutive year.
China's prestigious Tsinghua University was 58th, beating Peking University in 71st place, in the Academic Ranking of World Universities compiled by the independent Shanghai Ranking Consultancy.
Despite the improved rating of China's universities, major concerns remain about academic freedom under the leadership of president Xi Jinping.
The National University of Singapore also entered the top 100 for the first time, tying for 83rd.
For the top 10, Stanford maintained second place but MIT dropped from third to fifth, with the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Cambridge each moving up one spot to take third and fourth.
The Shanghai Ranking is consistently largely static at its top levels, and this year nine of the top 20 were in unchanged positions, and another nine moved by only one place.
Princeton University was sixth again, with another three US institutions – the California Institute of Technology, Columbia University and the University of Chicago in places eight to 10.
The ranking, which was launched in 2003, has generated controversy in the past for stressing science over the humanities in its grading.
According to the consultancy's statement the rankings were made using "objective indicators" including the number of staff and alumni winning Nobel prizes and Fields medals, and articles published in the journals of "Nature" and "Science", according to a statement.
In the Asia-Pacific region, the University of Tokyo was top at number 20 overall.
The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich was the highest-ranked entry from continental Europe, in 19th place, while the University of Copenhagen in Denmark – which came 31st – overtook France's Pierre and Marie Curie University (39th) as mainland Europe's next best, the statement said.


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Home Talk Articles
Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (1841-1912)
Text by AHRI
In 1847, Daniel Cornelius Danielsen (1815-1894) made an extensive description of leprosy. In 1868 Armauer Hansen (1841-1912) used this work as a basis for his studies of leprosy which in 1874 led to the discovery of the leprosy bacillus. At that time, he was not certain that leprosy was really caused by this micro-organism. It was not possible to infect laboratory animals with the disease, or to cultivate the bacteria. For this reason he implanted matter taken from patients into other individuals, including nurses and patients, but without succeeding in giving rise to a pathological process. One of the patients brought an action against Armauer Hansen on the grounds of these experiments, and Armauer Hansen was removed, by the decision of the court, from his position at the Leprosarium No. 1, where the experiments had taken place. He retained, however, his position as Chief Medical Officer for Leprosy.
In an attempt to throw light on certain aspects of the occurrence of the disease, Armauer Hansen made a journey to the USA, to examine leprous immigrants and to ascertain whether the disease had spread from them to other persons in the USA. It turned out, however, to be extremely difficult to trace patients in their new country, and no definite conclusions could be drawn. As time went by, Armauer Hansen won international recognition. One of the occasions at which this found expression was the Second International Leprosy Congress in Bergen in 1909. In the botanic gardens of the university of Bergen stands a bust of Armauer Hansen, erected by scientists from the whole of Europe and unveiled on his 60th birthday, in 1901. Armauer Hansen's urn has been placed under the bust.
Bergen Guide
Norway Currency – This is the Currency of Norway Explained
Torgallmenningen – One of the Main City Squares in Bergen


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Cheyenne Police Still Investigating 2015 Double Homicide
Doug Randall, Townsquare Media
A spokesman for the Cheyenne Police Department says detectives have not given up on solving a 2015 double homicide that claimed the life of a Cheyenne business owner and another man.
But Sgt, David Janes says there haven't been any significant new developments in the case recently either.
The murders happened on July 20, 2015, just as large crowds were circulating through downtown Cheyenne following a Cheyenne Frontier Days Pancake Breakfast. Police were called to The Coin Shop at 510 West Lincolnway a little after 9 a.m. on a report of an armed robbery. Officers arriving at the business found 67-year-old Dwight Brockman and 76-year-old George ''Doc'' Manley had been shot to death.
Brockman owned the business, while Manley was a frequent customer.
In the months and years following the killings, police say they conducted an extensive investigation, serving at least 18 search warrants, interviewing over 100 people and seizing over 200 pieces of evidence. Cutting-edge forensic technology was also used to identify DNA from the crime scene, and police released a sketch of a suspect not long after the killings. Thousands of dollars in reward money for information on the case was also offered and went unclaimed.
Despite all of those efforts, no arrests were ever made in connection with the killings and the case remains an open one. Janes said Thursday that police still occasionally get tips about the murders and continue to follow up on any available information.
Filed Under: cheyenne police department, Crime, double homicide
Categories: Cheyenne News


At her residence, 6 miles east of Fulton, Callaway county, Mo. Wednesday, October 29th, 1879, Mrs. Julia A.R. Craghead, wife of Mr. John Craghead, in the 66th year of her age. She was born in Franklin county Virginia, November 27th, 1813, married December 21, 1830 - moved from Virginia to Missouri.
Cra(i)ghead book says they were buried on their farm near Unity church, Callaway Co., Missouri.


Situated on the banks of the river Thames, the Design Centre, Chelsea Harbour, has more than 20 years experience championing the creative world. It should come as no surprise that it is recognised as being a fundamental part of the design community – but events like London Design Week truly place it on the map.
Offering only the brightest and best of world-class talent, London Design Week 2019 was a celebration of inspiration and expertise. It captured a multi-layered vibrancy and cosmopolitan charm, with their showrooms drawing multicultural influence from all around the world. The displays were filled with an abundance of patterns, shapes and colours in highly sophisticated combinations and impeccable materials throughout.
From Abbott and Boyd's innovative wallcoverings to the elegance and subtlety of Colefax and Fowler, we spent our day at London Design Week exploring each and every distinctive set-up.
In particular, we loved the Watt's of Westminster showroom. Its legacy in fabric has been built on a rich archive of designs that span over a period of 600 years, and this was exhibited with flair at this year's London Design Week. An extraordinary tapestry display showcased their skill and knowledge of digital printing. Using tapestries that had once belonged to the great houses of Europe, they 'democratised' them through the sophisticated use of digital technology. Through this technology, these beautiful designs can now be rediscovered as fabric and wallpaper.
Continuing our appreciation of beautifully printed fabrics, we followed Phillip Jeffries' "Journey to Shangri-LA" with particular satisfaction. His showroom at London Design Week was a celebration of exotic inspirations and traditional decorative Eastern motifs, blended with classic Western patterns. As pioneers in fabric (we sell over 1000+), witnessing the translations from culture to fabric was truly awe-inspiring.
Despite our wonder across each and every showroom, our personal highlight of the event was an inspirational conversation led by Lucy Barlow (founder of Barlow & Barlow), Johnny Holland (founder of Hackett Holland) and Peter Gomez (Head of Design at Zoffany).
Our day at London Design Week 2019 reminded us that Design Centre, Chelsea Harbour is a brilliant destination for artistic inspiration – no matter what form that art comes in. Offering a dynamic collective of brands, and wholeheartedly committed to its own expansion, this is an inspirational hub absolutely worth a visit.


Taekwondo Central Head instructor Ajana Plunkett will be running a 4 week program that empowers young girls and gives them the tools to protect themselves if they ever need to.
Self confidence is a great strength.
Ajana on 0401 809 895.
Starting Friday 5th October 2018.
Counterstrike – Womens Self Defence Course – ITS OUR 20TH BIRTHDAY!!


When I attended my Experimental Watercolour Course we were encouraged (well actually told) to paint only with found materials. Someone brought in a child's bubble blower; others brought kitchen utensils, straws, strainers; someone had made an unusual homemade items with strings and washers.
Today I thought I would experiment with vegetables. I chose a cherry tomato, carrots and kale.
j Then I started to paint my picture. I mixed some paint on the pallett. Then painted my turtle.
Here are the vegetables after being in the paint.
I found I could use the carrot to draw with. The tomato made a good head, and legs. Both the carrot and the tomato I used to stamp Tadeo's back. The kale was useful for the background leaves.
I hope you enjoyed today's experiment and will try it with your kids and grandkids.
This entry was posted in Creative Saturdays and tagged art, craft, Crafts, Creative Saturdays, fresh vegetables, ideas for kids, Janis Cox, kids, paint, watercolour on September 7, 2013 by JanisCox.
Very fun!! Thank you for sharing at Sharing Saturday!!
Oh, I think my children would get a kick out of using food instead of brushes! Thanks so much for sharing!


Note – if you are trying to email me and find you get a bounce, your ISP may be considered an open relay by dot-Mac.
You can try me at k9zw (at) arrl.net as an alternative.
It goes almost without saying that unless an article specifically states it is an announcement for a specific group, or if it is a Guest Post, that opinions are my own alone. Any healthy group has a range of opinions within its members and mine is just one person's opinion unless otherwise stated.
COMMENT on Comments – You should include your call sign in either your name or in the comment itself. Comments with call signs make it much easier to approve them in order to get them out of the WordPress limbo! Thanks!
Making contact from an island in the Atlantic!
What a wonderful web site you have created, and I'm really impressed on how current you keep it.
The photograph on your homepage is most excellent!
Nice work. All I could suggest is add more pictures!!!!!
Hi, if you have any information about harvey baalke could you send it my way? I'm his great grandson and would like to know some of the tings that he has with ham radio.
in it, and it is nice that it is epreciated.
some days ago I started reading your blog and I found it very interesting.
I want to subscribe to rss feed but i can't find the link in you home page. Since I'm a wordpress.com user too, I know that rss feed url is /feed so I subscribed anyway.
This post is only for report you that if someone (non wordpress user) whats to subscribe to your rss feed could have some problems becouse no explicit link is available on your home page.
The link is in the right side menu above the calendar, but is pretty well hidden. As I use the WordPress system itself for hosting the customizations are pretty limited – I'd love a great big button for the feed subscription.
I didn't find it because I was searching for the words "rss" or "feed".
I know that wordpress.com give limited customizations, I'm a wp.com user too.
However I subscribed to your mail feed!
did u have some news about Hilberling radio delivery ????
Afraid I do not have any inside sources on this for you.
Have you tried calling Hiberling on the phone?
Here in the USA they are coming to market through Array Solutions, so the American Ham will have a USA based resource for the PT-8000 radios.
yes i call one month ago,the say are waiting the validate from German state about all elettrical and rf concept.After this the will be ready for shipping but……so long wait…..Is the radio alredy imported in usa market or array are waiting too ????
Steve : FB Web site cul 73 1895 is great. n8jiw don shaker hts ohio howarddlaw@aol.com nr cleveland ohio es lake erie.


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Q: Is WAV needed for html5 audio fully cross-browser? An audio for the web which is fully cross-browser needs some different formats to work on all browsers. Commonly I see that people use mp4 and ogg. But I want to be completely sure. Therefore I added webm and wav. Is this completely needed? Especially wav files as they are so heavy. This question should be thought thinking about performance for a responsive site.
This is my html example:
<audio controls="controls" data-music="1">
    <source src="http://example.webm" type="audio/webm" />
    <source src="http://example.mp4" type="audio/mpeg" />
    <source src="http://example.ogg" type="audio/ogg" />
    <source src="http://example.wav" type="audio/wav" />
</audio>

Will this all be downloaded and affect the global performance?
Additionally, does the order matter of the type of formats?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


BOWLING GREEN – There's fast, and then, apparently, there's the speed featured in Friday's Division II district swim meet.
Colonel Crawford's quartet of freshmen Cassidy Vogt and Kaisey Speck, junior Jillianne Gregg and senior Pierce Krassow improved on their sectional championship time and lowered their school record mark.
What did it get them? Sixth place.
"I was hoping to at least equal last week's time and they dropped from a 53 to a 52 (1:52.92)," coach Mike Holtzapfel said. "The (school) record had been a 55, so they went under that big-time this season."
Across the board, Galion coach Ted Temple also saw his boys squad post season-best times but as he left Bowling Green State University was left wondering if it would be good enough to advance his swimmers to next week's state meet in Canton.
"Swimming as a sport is getting faster," Holtzapfel said. "Our school record is a 54.1 in the (girls) 100 free. That girl finished eighth in the state. That (time) isn't going to get you there now.
"I can't put my finger on why (the sport is so much faster). I'm sure there's a lot involved with training, learning how to move though liquid more efficiently ... getting through there fast."
Crawford senior Nic Motter was sixth in the 200 IM and just missed the podium in ninth in the 500 freestyle.
Only the top two placers in each race at all four district sites qualified for state. The remainder of the field for each race will be filled with 16 at-large qualifiers by no later than Sunday. Qualifiers will be posted at swimmeet.com.
For Galion, sophomore Caleb Strack had a nice meet. He was fourth and seventh in the 100 backstroke and 200 IM, respectively. He also collaborated with seniors Luke Eisnaugle and Sam Rigdon and junior Clay Karnes for third place in the 200 medley and also swam on the fifth place 400 free relay with junior Weston Rose and fellow sophomores Ben Alstadt and Alec Dicus.
"The three events we were seeded third it just so happens are the three I'm going to state in," Strack said. "I say that with caution (since it's not official), but that would be amazing."
The Tigers also got a fifth from Dicus in the 500 free, a sixth from the 200 free relay team of Alstadt, Eisnaugle, Karnes and Rigdon and a ninth from Karnes in the 100 fly.
"I'm happy," Temple said. "We only had two times that were up (from sectionals) all day. And we had three sophomores and a junior on that last relay (the 400 free), so they'll all be back next year."
Speck was 10th in the breaststroke for Crawford, a finish matched by Crawford's girls 200 free relay. Gregg was 11th in the 50 free and freshman teammate Jayden Ward was 12th in the 500 free.
Seven boys from Galion are off to state as Strack qualified as the lone individual in the 100 backstroke seeded 22nd. The trio of relay teams also qualified with a pair of 19 seeds and a 22 seed for the 200 free relay.
Colonel Crawford's 200 free relay and 200 medley relay girls teams will be the only representatives for the school at the state meet seeded 20th and 23rd respectively.


Velazquez is joining the Red Sox rotation with Nathan Eovaldi out for a while with an elbow issue. The 30-year-old righty has a 3.94 ERA, 1.31 WHIP, and 15 strikeouts in 16 innings. Velazquez is more of a deeper league add for fantasy owners.


The Clamp Studio has cranked out some great anime over the years from the gothic series "X" to the wild and magical "Rayearth". A new anime hit that Clamp has on the air in Japan now, Chobits, is bound for the PS2 courtesy of Studio Broccoli.
In the adventure you play as an ordinary college student that finds a female robot in a trash bin. Throughout the game you must teach her to behave like a human. The game will feature lots of characters not in the anime and a number of mini-games will be present.
No reviews for Chobits yet.
the price for Chobits drops.
there are new images or links available for Chobits.


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Ophiorrhabda is een geslacht van vlinders van de familie bladrollers (Tortricidae), uit de onderfamilie Olethreutinae.

Soorten
O. cellifera (Meyrick, 1912)
O. dryoptycha (Meyrick, 1922)
O. ergasima (Meyrick, 1911)
O. favillosa Diakonoff, 1973

Bladrollers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Not looking for any trades at this time, but thanks anyway.
I can only accept cash or usps mo for payment, not set up for paypal.
1st posted "I'll take it" gets it.
Best contact is email for offers, questions, etc.