text:
Q: Search for multiple words, across multiple models I'm trying to create search functionality in a site, and I want the user to be able to search for multiple words, performing substring matching against criteria which exist in various models.
For the sake of this example, let's say I have the following models:

*

*Employee

*Company

*Municipality

*County

A county has multiple municipalities, which has multiple companies, which have multiple employees.
I want the search to be able to search against a combination of Employee.firstname, Employee.lastname, Company.name, Municipality.name and County.name, and I want the end result to be Employee instances.
For example a search for the string "joe tulsa" should return all Employees where both words can be found somewhere in the properties I named in the previous sentence. I'll get some false positives, but at least I should get every employee named "Joe" in Tulsa county.
I've tried a couple of approaches, but I'm not sure I'm going down the right path. I'm looking for a nice RoR-ish way of doing this, and I'm hoping someone with more RoR wisdom can help outline a proper solution.

What I have tried:
I'm not very experienced with this kind of search, but outside RoR, I'd manually create an SQL statement to join all the tables together, create where clauses for each separate search word, covering the different tables. Perhaps use a builder. Then just execute the query and loop through the results, instantiate Employee objects manually and adding them to an array.
To solve this in RoR, I've been:
1) Dabbling with named scopes in what in my project corresponds to the Employee model, but I got stuck when I needed to join in tables two or more "steps" away (Municipality and County).
2) Created a view (called "search_view") joining all the tables together, to simplify the query. Then thought I'd use Employee.find_by_sql() on this table, which would yield me these nice Employee objects. I thought I'd use a builder to create the SQL, and it seemed that Arel was the thing to use, so I tried doing something like:
view = Arel::Table.new(:search_view)

But the resulting Ariel::Table does not contain any columns, so it's not usable to build my query. At this point I'm a bit stuck as I don't know how to get a working query builder.

A: I strongly recommend using a proper search engine for something like this, it will make life a lot easier for you. I had a similar problem and I thought "Boy, I bet setting up something like Sphinx means I have to read thousands of manuals and tutorials first". Well, that's not the case.
Thinking Sphinx is a Rails gem I recommend which makes it very easy to integrate Sphinx. You don't need to have much experience at all to get started:
http://freelancing-god.github.com/ts/en/
I haven't tried other search engines, but I'm very satisfied with Sphinx. I managed to set up a relatively complex real-time search in less than a day.


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Discover FranceMFCH Travel
The Best Champagne Maisons to Visit
by ally redmond November 12, 2021
Readers of our bimonthly print MFCH Magazine will know that every issue, we feature a comprehensive "Discovering France" guide that explores the best of a certain French region — from where to stay, to where to eat, to what to do and much more.
For our November/December 2021 issue, we are thrilled to celebrate Champagne, uncovering the origins of the world's most celebratory drink with a trip to the birthplace of bubbly — an abundantly lush landscape that offers history, heritage and more than a bit of sparkle. And you can't have a guide to this region without including the area's best champagne Maisons (Houses)… of which they have no shortage!
Below, we give you a sneak peek into three of the best champagne Maisons to visit featured in our Nov/Dec 21 "Discovering Guide" – to see them all, be sure to get a copy while its available!
Two thousand years of history carved out 60 feet underground. The world-famous Taittinger cellars — Gallo-Roman chalk quarries during the 4th century — are open for tours all year round. Fun, informative and in an unforgettable setting, discover the soul of the House's champagnes with a tailor-made tasting (seven kinds are available). Bring a shawl or jacket; it can get quite chilly!
12 rue du Champ de Mars, 51100 Reims
www.taittinger.com
Moët
"Sharing the magic of champagne with the world." This is the mission statement and raison d'être of Moët et Chandon, one of the most legendary of champagne houses. And so it has, for 270 years; Jean-Remy Moët, grandson of the founder Claude Moët, is largely regarded as the person who first introduced the fizzy favorite, beloved by everyone from the Marquise de Pompadour to Napoleon. To visit is to treat yourself… Here, glamour is as important as the impeccable savoir-faire.
20 avenue de Champagne, 51200 Épernay
www.moet.com
Founded way back in 1812, Laurent-Perrier enjoyed a revival in 1945 under Bernard de Nonancourt — a man passionate about the winemaking process from vine to cellar. With equal respect for tradition and innovation and, above all, for people, Bernard nurtured relationships with the area's grape growers to develop a unique range of exceptional champagnes. Today, Laurent-Perrier (in its signature bottle reminiscent of a traditional hand-blown flacon) is exported and enjoyed in over 160 countries across the world.
32 avenue de Champagne, 51150 Tours-sur-Marne
www.laurent-perrier.com
Get your Nov/Dec 21 issue for the rest of the best champagne Maisons and so much more!
All photography © Eric Martin
Light As a Feather: Jardin Plume
Hermès Fit Comes to Paris
Marvelous English Bookstores in Paris
New Books to Transport You to Paris
Celebrating Beaujolais Nouveau Day
A Day in the Life of a Wine...
Our Favorite Floral Arrangement Classes in Paris
Where to Antique in the South of France
Take a Cheese Tour of France
Set Sail on the Seine with Dior x...
Our Favorite Stops Along the Tour de France
Discover the Secret Royal Wine Cellars of the...

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text:
ReviewsSingles
JIM KROFT – Tell Me (Where To Begin)
aaamusic | On 06, Oct 2013
Originally from Scotland, but currently based in Berlin, Jim Kroft has been playing in bands and touring Europe for over a decade but only recently began his solo career a few years ago. Since then, he has released 3 albums, performed alongside Peaches, Airbourne Toxic Event, and Anna Calvi, and became the only unsigned artist to make the Top 100 Mainstream Airplay Charts in Berlin. Jim's latest album, Lunatic Lullabies, which features the lead single 'Tell Me (Where To Begin)' is a masterpiece to say the least. The track has a bright and upbeat groove that grabs your attention right out the gate and keeps you rocking out to the very end. Jim has an infectious pop vocal that makes you feel right at home with his catchy heartfelt music. Highly recommended for fans of Ben Howard, David Bowie, and The Beatles, Jim's musical style has refreshing modern sound with a familiar classic backbone at the foundation of it all.
Annie Stevens
Jim Kroft | TELL ME (WHERE TO BEGIN) from Jim Kroft on Vimeo.
Jim Kroft review single stream Tell Me (Where To Begin)
Cashmere Cat & Evian Christ – Live @ Village Underground
STAGS – Stealing My Heart / Love Will Delay
PONY PONY RUN RUN announce their next UK single... 13 April 2011 | aaamusic
Pendulum – Video for new single "Witchcraft"... 30 June 2010 | aaamusic


17-year-old Hip-Hop/R&B prodigy Vic August has dropped his brand new EP, titled GLASS HOUSE 2, via WVS.
GLASS HOUSE 2 debuted at #8 on the iTunes Hip Hop charts with new release features on both Spotify and Apple Music. Not bad since GH2 arrives off the back of August's debut single via WVS, Buss It Down, only 4 weeks ago.
The Northern Territory-based artist flaunts his wide array of styles and sounds throughout the eclectic EP, coming through with everything from late-night club bangers to slick rap ballads.
GLASS HOUSE 2 is a compelling new EP that introduces Vic August as one of Australia's most exciting new urban talents.


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Add a payee scotia bank online city of toronto property taxes. How do they charge for water consumption in the city of toronto? Where to find my water account number city of toronto? City of toronto property tax payment online. How much of paycheck goes to taxes in new york city? What can happen if you go years without paying city taxes? Keneth. Level 1 (Contributor) 51 Answers" do you … how to add a spritesheet to unity Failure to pay the full amount outstanding will result in a balance owing on your account. Any payments sent in non-Canadian funds will be rejected. If problems occur with the transaction, please contact the Scotiabank at 416-866-6430.


text:
Q: Why do blobs appear in a repository before committing? So I came across the following passage in section 3.1 of Pro Git:
"Let's assume that you have a directory containing three files, and you stage them all and commit. Staging the files computes a checksum for each one (the SHA-1 hash we mentioned in Getting Started), stores that version of the file in the Git repository (Git refers to them as blobs), and adds that checksum to the staging area"
My question is this: Why does git "store a version of the file in the Git repository" prior to me committing those files?

A:
There's a very mechanical answer (which I see siride mentioned in a comment): the internal structure of Git's index, that mysterious object that Git uses to build up the next commit, stores only blob hash IDs.  Therefore, in order to have a copy of the file in the index (so that it will be in the next commit), it must be in the repository as a blob object.
There's a performance answer: by storing hash IDs in the index, Git makes new commits very quickly.
There's a data-recovery answer (which is kind of weak): by storing the blob in the repository in advance, you can get it back for a while, via git fsck --lost-found, if you accidentally do something bad to it.  (The weaknesses here are, or include, that if the blob matches an existing blob in the repository, it does not show up in the lost-found search; and you lose the file's name, which is often important to understanding its content.)
There's a design-aesthetic answer: perhaps Linus thought that git add file copying the file into the repository early was prettier than having git commit do it later.
You can choose any of these answers, or make up your own!

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Burning House Escape is an escape game developed by Play9Games. Your house is on fire and you are trapped inside of it. You just can't stay there and watch this while it's happening so you must find a way to escape from this house as fast as you can before something bad happens to you.


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The Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 (7 & 8 Vict. c. 61), which came into effect on 20 October 1844, was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which eliminated many outliers or exclaves of counties in England and Wales for civil purposes. The changes were based on recommendations by a boundary commission, headed by the surveyor Thomas Drummond and summarized in a schedule attached to the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832. This also listed a few examples of civil parishes divided by county boundaries, most of which were dealt with by later legislation.

Antecedents

Inclosure Acts

The areas involved had already been reorganised for some purposes.

This was a process which began with the Inclosure Acts of the later 18th century. A parish on a county boundary which used the open-field system could have its field strips distributed among the two counties in a very complicated way. Enclosure could rationalise the boundary in the process of re-distributing land to the various landowners. Two parishes mentioned in the 1844 Act had been subject to this procedure: Stratton Audley in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire (1770), and Farndish in Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire (1800).

On the other hand, an Inclosure Act could leave such county boundary anomalies alone – and so they would appear as ghost field strips on the map, overlaying the hedged fields of the parliamentary enclosure. Pirton in Bedfordshire was enclosed in 1818, but the field-strip Bedfordshire exclaves of Shillington survived in this way to be dealt with by the 1844 Act.

St Martin's Le Grand

A special case occupied Parliament's attention in 1815. The Liberty of St Martin's Le Grand was situated in the City of London, but was part of the borough of Westminster and an exclave of Middlesex. An Act of 1815 annexed the Liberty to the Aldersgate Ward of the City of London at the behest of the City authorities, who had complained for centuries about the alleged criminality and actual commercial freedom of the inhabitants. The Act was for the building of a new General Post Office in the Liberty. However, the few electors left in residence were still under Westminster and this illustrated to need for multiple parliamentary interventions to deal with the issues thrown up by exclaves.

County Transfer of Land Bill 1825

The systematic involvement of the House of Commons began in February 1825, when Charles Fyshe Palmer, Member of Parliament for Reading, moved a private member's bill entitled "County Transfer of Land Bill":

To empower magistrates at quarter sessions to effect Exchanges between counties of insulated parcels of Land, for the more convenient administration of justice. To provide a remedy for the inconvenience and perplexity which resulted from having certain parcels of land belonging to particular counties situated at a considerable distance from these counties".

The Bill was allowed to be read, but did not pass. However, the process resulted in the publication in May 1825 of the "County Boundary: Returns from Clerks of the Peace of Insulated Parcels of Land". Each county's clerk of the peace had been asked to report on their county's exclaves ("insulated parcels"), together with their valuations for land tax and county rate purposes. Their replies were collected and printed. The process was not altogether satisfactory, witness the return of the Hertfordshire clerk:

There is much difficulty in answering the inquiries with any certainty. I do not know of any person having sufficient local knowledge of the County to give the information with accuracy.

The Ordnance Survey First Series maps were a "work in progress", and his colleague in Bedfordshire was frank in admitting his reliance on a commercial map of no legal standing and of questionable accuracy:

I have no official knowledge of the boundaries of the county. But it appears, on reference to the large engraved map of the County upon a survey in the year 1765...that a small part of the parish of Studham...is locally situate in the county of Hertford.

Actually, Studham was equally divided between the two counties and the exclave that the clerk was referring to belonged to Whipsnade. This sort of mistake illustrates the difficulties in drafting the specific changes to be dealt with by the 1844 Act.

Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832

The Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 abolished the county outliers for the purposes of fixing the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies. This was in the context of the Reform Act 1832. Previously each county, including its exclaves (but excluding its boroughs) elected two knights of the shire to the House of Commons.

This Act included a schedule ("Schedule M") of county boundary anomalies to be acted upon, drawn up by a boundary commission headed by the surveyor Thomas Drummond. This schedule included a few examples of salients and divided parishes, as well as true exclaves, and was to be used in the 1844 Act.

Census report 1833

The Census (Great Britain) Act 1830 (also known as the "Population Act", 11 Geo. IV 30, prescribed the 1831 Census. This Act requested a schedule to be prepared by the Census Office as regards county boundary anomalies, which was published in 1833 under the title "Irregularities of Boundary of the Several Counties in England and Wales". This detailed all known examples of county boundaries dividing parishes as well as of exclaves.

Acts of 1839
Two Acts of Parliament of 1839 addressed the problems associated with law enforcement in county exclaves:

The Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1839 allowed justices of the peace to act for enclaves surrounded by their county, although this left the question of jurisdiction open as regards exclaves surrounded by more than one county.

Police constabularies established under the County Police Act 1839 were given jurisdiction over detached parts of other counties within their county territory in the same manner.

Provisions

Section 1 of the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 read in part as follows:

The Act went on to state (s. 2) that the parts transferred would be incorporated in an existing:

Hundred, Wapentake, Ward, Rape, Lathe, or other like Division by which it is wholly or for the most Part surrounded, or to which it is next adjoining, in the County to which it will thenceforth belong, unless the Justices of the County, [...] shall declare it to be a new or separate Hundred or other like Division [...].

The Act itself did not list the areas transferred; these had already been detailed in "Schedule M" of the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832.

Effects

Immediate changes
Despite the prescriptive nature of Section 1 of the Act, its powers were applied in a discretionary manner and following the provisions of "Schedule M" of the 1832 Act – which was not a comprehensive list of extant exclaves.

The Act affected twenty-seven counties. The largest changes were to County Durham, which lost substantial territory to Northumberland, as well as a single parish to Yorkshire.

However, by no means all detached areas were changed: fifteen counties still had exclaves. As with the 1832 Act, apart from County Durham those counties with large multi-parish exclaves, such as Derbyshire, Flintshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire, had them left alone. The Act made no provision to exchange territory in compensation for lost exclaves, and those counties which would have lost a substantial proportion of territory were either completely left alone (Flintshire) or mostly so (Worcestershire).

Many smaller exclaves were overlooked in the drawing up of the 1832 schedule and so were ignored in the 1844 Act, for example the small exclaves of the  Buckinghamshire parishes of Drayton Beauchamp and Marsworth in Hertfordshire. Similarly, the chaotic meeting of Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire at Auckley and Misson was ignored despite the Ordnance Survey First Series 1841 not attempting to show boundaries (and giving despairing notes instead, e.g: "Township of Auckley in the Counties of York and Nottingham").

Muddle could be a factor in exclaves being left alone. Northamptonshire had eight small exclaves in the Huntingdonshire parish of Great Catworth, which were reported by the confused clerk of the peace of the latter county in 1825 as the county's enclaves when he had been asked to report on exclaves. The 1832 schedule listed them as exclaves of Huntingdonshire in Northamptonshire (back to front), and the 1844 Act ignored them.

The wording of the Act was effective in dealing with exclaves wholly or mostly surrounded by a single other county, but not for examples with approximately equal borders of two other counties. For example, the Herefordshire exclave of Ffwddog bordered Monmouthshire and Brecknockshire, and was left alone.

An exclave containing territories belonging to more than one parish was listed by the Act as separate legal cases under the parish names concerned, such as the Thorncombe exclave of Devon containing territory belonging to Axminster – this was one exclave, not two.

Several border anomalies were addressed which were outside the Act's strict remit because they were not exclaves. Some salients were abolished, and one example of such a transfer (Oxenwood in Berkshire, surrounded mostly by Wiltshire) was challenged as erroneous and cancelled. Two boundary disputes, between Cornwall and Devon and Derbyshire and Cheshire, were resolved using the Act although no exclaves or salients were involved. Finally, there were a few strange cases involving divided parishes which were either errors or had ulterior motives, such as Studley in Berkshire transferred to Oxfordshire.

Later interventions
Many of the surviving outlying parts changed their administration in the 1890s following the passing of the Local Government Act 1894, which made the legal process easier.

Large detached blocks of Warwickshire and Worcestershire, interspersed with Gloucestershire, remained until 1931. Dudley in Worcestershire remained an exclave until 1966, while Flintshire retained two exclaves until 1974 – a large one (the English Maelor area) south-east of Wrexham in Denbighshire, and a single parish exclave (Marford and Hoseley) north of Wrexham.

The 1844 Act had transferred the detached parts to different counties, but not to different parishes. Unless the detached part was an entire parish, this resulted in many cases of a detached part in one county belonging to a parish having its main territory in a different county. Later legislation, including the Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882, eliminated most instances of civil parishes belonging to two (or more) counties, and by 1901 Stanground in Huntingdonshire and the Isle of Ely was the sole remaining example.

Areas transferred

This list is based on the 1832 "Schedule M" which the 1844 Act used, unless otherwise noted.

Bedfordshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The parts of the parish of Shillington of Bedfordshire isolated in Hertfordshire, transferred to the latter. There were five small exclaves in fields of Pirton next to Oughtonhead Common, the largest being of very irregular shape and another containing a counter-exclave of Hertfordshire. A sixth contained Shillington Mill at Ickleford. The 1832 schedule listed the parish as Ickleford in error.
 The part of the township of Tetworth (in the ancient parish of Everton) in Bedfordshire, This entry is not in the 1832 schedule. A single irregularly-shaped field by the north-west corner of the southern exclave of the township in Huntingdonshire, north of Biggin Wood moated site, was transferred to Huntingdonshire.
 The part of the parish of Whipsnade in Beechwood Park, transferred to Hertfordshire. The area remained a parish exclave until it was added to Flamstead parish in 1897. The 1832 schedule put it in Studham parish in error, the mistake deriving from a report by the clerk of the peace in 1825 who in turn depended on a 1765 map by Thomas Jefferys.

Transferred from other counties:
 The part of the parish of Farndish in Northamptonshire. This entry is not in the 1832 schedule. Divided parish, not an exclave or salient. However, before the parish was enclosed in 1800, its open field system had its field strips shared out among the two counties in an extremely complicated manner. The Enclosure Act rationalised the boundary and left no exclaves.
 The parts of the parish of Meppershall in Hertfordshire. Three enclaves, the largest containing a small counter-exclave of Bedfordshire. The village was divided between the two counties.

Berkshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The part of the parish of Great Barrington in Berkshire, transferred to Gloucestershire.
 The part of the divided parish of Inglesham in Berkshire, transferred to Wiltshire. This included a salient which was inaccessible from the rest of the county. The action also abolished a small exclave of Wiltshire, including the parish church. The 1832 schedule had swapped the county names by mistake, and so the 1832 Act left the parliamentary boundary alone -including the exclave.
 The township of Little Faringdon and part of that of Langford proper (both in the ancient parish of Langford), exclave transferred to Oxfordshire. The 1832 schedule listed these separately, the former as a tithing.
 The part of the parish of Shalbourne including the tithing of Oxenwood  in Berkshire, transferred to Wiltshire. This entry is not in the 1832 schedule. It referred to a salient, not an exclave. Oxenwood was included in the 1844 Act by mistake, as it was erroneously reported as an exclave. The relevant Order was cancelled after the error was pointed out. The salient was only annexed by Wiltshire in 1895.
 The greater part of the parish of Shilton in Berkshire, transferred to Oxfordshire. The parish had an exclave comprising a 7 acre (2.8 ha) meadow next to the River Windrush south-east of Witney, which was already in Oxfordshire.

Transferred from other counties:
 The parts of the parochial chapelry of Hurst (in the ancient parish of Sonning) in Wiltshire. Four exclaves, one large and three at Twyford two of the latter being tiny.
 The parts of the parish of Shinfield in Wiltshire. Two exclaves. The larger contained the hamlets of Swallowfield and Riseley, the smaller that of Farley Hill.
 The part of the parish of Wokingham in Wiltshire, including the east end of the town with its parish church. This exclave joined to the large Hurst exclave via an isthmus the width of a road.

Buckinghamshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The parish of Caversfield, transferred to Oxfordshire. Had two satellite exclaves, including half of the village of Stratton Audley (see below). These were transferred to the parish of Stratton Audley in 1888.
 The part of the extra-parochial place of Luffield Abbey in Buckinghamshire transferred to Northamptonshire.
 The parts of the so-called chapelry of Stratton Audley in Buckinghamshire transferred to Oxfordshire. Before enclosure, in 1770 the parish of Stratton Audley had an open-field system the strips of which were divided between itself and Caversfield in a complicated manner, and the county boundary followed this. Enclosure consolidated the latter's share as two exclaves. The 1832 schedule listed these as the "Chapelry of Stratton Audley", although there was never a chapel separate from the parish church.
 The township of Studley (in the ancient parish of Beckley) in Buckinghamshire, transferred to Oxfordshire. Divided parish, not an exclave or a salient, and this township did not include the village of the same name which was in the adjacent Oxfordshire township of Horton-cum-Studley. The township used to have commoners' rights on Otmoor in Oxfordshire, which had been enclosed in 1815. The commoners disputed this, hence the so-called "Otmoor Riots" 1829-30. The transfer of Studley put the inhabitants under the authority of the Oxfordshire magistrates who were in charge of suppressing these.

Transferred from other counties:
 The chapelry of Ackhampstead (in the parish of Lewknor) in Oxfordshire.
 The hamlet of Boycott (in the parish of Stowe) in Oxfordshire.
 The hamlet of Coleshill (in the parish of Amersham) in Hertfordshire.
 The parish of Lillingstone Lovell in Oxfordshire. To the north of the parish was an exclave of Lillingstone Dayrell and Buckinghamshire separated from the rest by this exclave of Oxfordshire.

Cornwall

Transferred to other counties:
 The part of the parish of Bridgerule in Cornwall, transferred to Devon. This entry is not in the 1832 schedule.  Divided parish, neither an exclave nor a salient. Approximately equal in size to the disputed territory of North Tamerton listed below.
 The part of the parish of Saltash St Stephen on the east side of the River Tamar estuary, transferred to Devon.

Transferred from other counties:
 The part of the parish of Maker in Devon. Two enclaves, one of which was disputed with the adjacent parish of St John which the 1832 schedule hence listed separately
 The part of the parish of North Tamerton in Devon, allegedly. Neither an exclave nor a salient. The Ordnance Survey First Series in 1809 showed the county boundary here as it is now, but "Returns from Clerks of the Peace of Insulated Parcels of Land" to the House of Commons in 1825 had the Clerk for Devon report that the portion of the parish east of the Tamar was in the Black Torrington Hundred of Devon. His counterpart in Cornwall did not concur. The 1844 Act was used to settle a boundary dispute.

Denbighshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The township of Carreghova (in the parish of Llanymynech), transferred to Montgomeryshire.

Derbyshire

Transferred to other counties:
 Part of the township of Foston and Scropton (in the ancient parish of Scropton), transferred to Staffordshire.

Also:
 The part of the township of Beard in the parish of Glossop on the Cheshire side of the River Goyt was declared to be in Derbyshire – its previous status was uncertain. Divided township, not an exclave. The Act was used to settle a boundary dispute involving a set of fields just south of what is now New Mills.

Devon

Transferred to other counties:
 The part of the parish of Maker in Devon, transferred to Cornwall. Two enclaves, one of which was disputed with the adjacent parish of St John which the 1832 schedule hence listed separately
 The part of the parish of North Tamerton in Devon, allegedly. Neither an exclave nor a salient. The Ordnance Survey First Series in 1809 showed the county boundary here as it is now, but "Returns from Clerks of the Peace of Insulated Parcels of Land" to the House of Commons in 1825 had the Clerk for Devon report that the portion of the parish east of the Tamar was in the Black Torrington Hundred of Devon. His counterpart in Cornwall did not concur. The 1844 Act was used to settle a boundary dispute.
 The parish of Thorncombe transferred to Dorset, exclave also including the tithing of Beerhall and Easthay, a parish exclave belonging to Axminster. The 1832 schedule listed Thorncombe and Axminster (detached) separately.

Transferred from other counties:
 The part of the parish of Bridgerule in Cornwall, transferred to Devon. This entry is not in the 1832 schedule.  Divided parish, neither an exclave nor a salient. Approximately equal in size to the disputed territory of North Tamerton listed above.
 The part of the parish of Saltash St Stephen on the east side of the River Tamar estuary, transferred to Devon.
 The parish of Stockland, including the township of Dalwood, in Dorset. The 1832 schedule listed these separately.

Dorset

Transferred to other counties:
 The parish of Stockland, including the hamlet of Dalwood, transferred to Devon. The 1832 schedule listed these separately.

Transferred from other counties:
 The parish of Holwell in Somerset.
 The parish of Thorncombe transferred to Dorset, exclave also including the tithing of Beerhall and Easthay, a parish exclave belonging to Axminster. The 1832 schedule listed Thorncombe and Axminster (detached) separately.

County Durham

Transferred to other counties:
 Bedlingtonshire (the parish of Bedlington) transferred to Northumberland.
 Craikshire (the parish of Crayke) transferred to the North Riding of Yorkshire.
 The extra parochial Farne Islands transferred to Northumberland.
 Islandshire, (consisting of the chapelry of Ancroft, part of the parish of Belford, the township of Holy Island, the chapelry of Kyloe and the chapelry of Tweedmouth), transferred to Northumberland.
 Monks' House, an extra-parochial territory of 0.6 acres (0.24 ha) at Bamburgh and an exclave of Islandshire hence treated with it as a single legal issue. It had functioned as a mainland port for the monks living on Inner Farne, being donated for this purpose in 1257 by King Henry III. Transferred to Northumberland.
 Norhamshire (the ancient parish of Norham) transferred to Northumberland. Made one exclave with Islandshire, above, but treated by the Act as a separate legal issue.

Gloucestershire

Transferred to other counties:
 The township of Lea Lower (in the parish of Lea) in Gloucestershire, transferred to Herefordshire. The parish had three townships, the others being Lea Upper and Lea Bailey.
 The parish of Little Compton transferred to Warwickshire.
 The parish of Minety transferred to Wiltshire. This also abolished a small counter-enclave of the latter county, around the parish church.
 The parish of Shenington transferred to Oxfordshire.
 The parish of Sutton-under-Brailes transferred to Warwickshire.
 The parish of Widford transferred to Oxfordshire.

Transferred from other counties:
 The hamlets of Alstone and Little Washbourne (both in the parish of Overbury) in Worcestershire, forming one exclave. This entry is not in the 1832 schedule.
 The part of the parish of Broughton Poggs called Great Lemhill Farm in Oxfordshire (placed in the parish of Lechlade).
 The township of Church Icomb in the parish of Icomb (older spelling Iccomb) in Worcestershire, transferred to Gloucestershire to join the township already in the latter county called Westward Icomb. The village had been divided between the two.
 The part of the parish of Great Barrington in Berkshire.
 The parish of Kingswood in Wiltshire.
 The parish of Poulton in Wiltshire.

Hampshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The tithings of North Ambersham and South Ambersham, both in the parish of Steep and making one exclave called Ambersham, transferred to Sussex.

Transferred from other counties:
 The detached part of the parish of Rogate in Sussex known as Bohunt west of Liphook, transferred to the parish of Bramshott.

Herefordshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The hamlet of Bwlch Trewyn (in the parish of Cwmyoy), transferred to Monmouthshire. A salient, not an exclave. The actual exclave in this parish was called Fwddog, and was only transferred in 1891.
 Crooked Billet, a field of three acres (1.2 ha) in Trelleck parish just north of Devauden, transferred to Monmouthshire.
 The chapelry of Farlow (in the parish of Stottesdon) transferred to Shropshire.
 Part of the township of Litton and Cascob (in the parishes of Cascob and Presteigne), transferred to Radnorshire.
 The chapelry of Rochford (in the parish of Tenbury) transferred to Worcestershire.

Transferred from other counties:
 The township of Lea Lower (in the parish of Lea) in Gloucestershire, transferred to Herefordshire. The parish had three townships, the others being Lea Upper and Lea Bailey.
 The parish of Welsh Bicknor in Monmouthshire.

Hertfordshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The hamlet of Coleshill (in the parish of Amersham) in Hertfordshire, transferred to Buckinghamshire.
 The parts of the parish of Meppershall in Hertfordshire, transferred to Bedfordshire. Three exclaves, the largest  containing a small counter-exclave of Bedfordshire. The village was divided between the two counties.

Transferred from other counties:
 The parts of the parish of Shillington of Bedfordshire isolated in Hertfordshire, transferred to the latter. There were five small exclaves in fields of Pirton next to Oughtonhead Common, the largest being of very irregular shape and another containing a counter-exclave of Hertfordshire. A sixth contained Shillington Mill at Ickleford. The 1832 schedule listed the parish as Ickleford in error.
 The part of the parish of Whipsnade in Beechwood Park, in Bedfordshire. The area remained a parish exclave until it was added to Markyate parish in 1897. The 1832 schedule put it in Studham parish in error, the mistake deriving from a report by the clerk of the peace in 1825 who in turn depended on a 1765 map by Thomas Jefferys.

Huntingdonshire

Transferred from other counties:
 The part of the township of Tetworth (in the parish of Everton) in Bedfordshire, comprising a single irregularly-shaped field in the north-west corner of the southern exclave of the township in Huntingdonshire, north of Biggin Wood. Transferred to Huntingdonshire. This entry is not in the 1832 schedule. (Tetworth, which became a separate civil parish, remained in two distinct parts, one of which was an exclave of Huntingdonshire until 1965.)

Monmouthshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The parish of Welsh Bicknor, transferred to Herefordshire.

Transferred from other counties:
 The hamlet of Bwlch Trewyn (in the parish of Cwmyoy), transferred from Herefordshire. (A salient, not an exclave. The actual exclave in the parish was called Fwddog, and the mistake was only rectified with its transfer in 1891.)
 Crooked Billet, a field of three acres (1.2 ha) in Trelleck parish just north of Devauden, transferred from Herefordshire.

Montgomeryshire

Transferred from other counties:
 The township of Carreghova (in the parish of Llanymynech, which straddled the Welsh border), in Denbighshire.

Northamptonshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The part of the parish of Farndish in Northamptonshire, transferred to Bedfordshire.  This entry is not in the 1832 schedule. Divided parish, not an exclave or salient. However, before the parish was enclosed in 1800, its open field system had its field strips shared out among the two counties in an extremely complicated manner. The Enclosure Act rationalised the boundary and left no exclaves.

Transferred from other counties:
 The part of the extra-parochial place of Luffield Abbey in Buckinghamshire.

Northumberland

Transferred from other counties:
 Bedlingtonshire (the parish of Bedlington) transferred from County Durham.
 The extra parochial Farne Islands transferred to Northumberland. transferred from County Durham.
 Islandshire, (consisting of the chapelry of Ancroft, part of the parish of Belford, the township of Holy Island, the chapelry of Kyloe and the chapelry of Tweedmouth), transferred from County Durham.
 Monks' House, an extra-parochial territory of 0.6 acres (0.24 ha) at Bamburgh and an exclave of Islandshire. It had functioned as a mainland port for the monks living on Inner Farne, being donated for this purpose in 1257 by King Henry III. Transferred from County Durham.
 Norhamshire (the ancient parish of Norham) transferred from County Durham. Made one exclave with Islandshire, above.

Oxfordshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The chapelry of Ackhampstead (in the parish of Lewknor) transferred to Buckinghamshire.
 The hamlet of Boycott (in the parish of Stowe) transferred to Buckinghamshire.
 The part of the parish of Broughton Poggs called Great Lemhill Farm in Oxfordshire (placed in the parish of Lechlade).
 The parish of Lillingstone Lovell in Oxfordshire, transferred to Buckinghamshire. To the north of the parish was an exclave of Lillingstone Dayrell and Buckinghamshire separated from the rest by this exclave of Oxfordshire.

Transferred from other counties:
 The parish of Caversfield in Buckinghamshire. Had two satellite exclaves, including half of the village of Stratton Audley (see below). These were transferred to the parish of Stratton Audley in 1888.
 The townships of Little Faringdon and most of Langford proper (both in the ancient parish of Langford), exclave in Berkshire.
 The parish of Shenington in Gloucestershire.
 The greater part of the parish of Shilton in Berkshire. The parish had an exclave comprising a 7 acre (2.8 ha) meadow next to the River Windrush south-east of Witney, which was already in Oxfordshire.
 The part of the so-called chapelry of Stratton Audley in Buckinghamshire transferred to Oxfordshire. Before enclosure, in 1770 the parish of Stratton Audley had an open-field system the strips of which were divided between itself and Caversfield in a complicated manner, and the county boundary followed this. Enclosure consolidated the latter's share as two exclaves. The 1832 schedule listed these as the "Chapelry of Stratton Audley", although there was never a chapel separate from the parish church.
 The township of Studley (in the ancient parish of Beckley) in Buckinghamshire, transferred to Oxfordshire. Divided parish, not an exclave or a salient, and this township did not include the village of the same name which was in the adjacent Oxfordshire township of Horton-cum-Studley. The township used to have commoners' rights on Otmoor in Oxfordshire, which had been enclosed in 1815. The commoners disputed this, hence the so-called "Otmoor Riots" 1829-30. The transfer of Studley put the inhabitants under the authority of the Oxfordshire magistrates who were in charge of suppressing these.
 The parish of Widford in Gloucestershire.

Shropshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The townships of Halesowen, Cakemore, Hasbury, Hawne, Hill, Illey, Lapal, Ridgacre, Hunnington, Oldbury, Romsley and Warley Salop (all in the parish of Halesowen) transferred to Worcestershire. The area around Warley Salop, especially on Barnford Hill south of Langley Green had extremely complicated boundaries. Worcestershire had counter-exclaves and the Shropshire exclave had counter-counter exclaves, both sets including field strips of a fraction of an acre.

Transferred from other counties:
 The chapelry of Farlow (in the parish of Stottesdon) in Herefordshire.

Somerset

Transferred to other counties:
 The parish of Holwell transferred to Dorset.

Staffordshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The parish of Broome transferred to Worcestershire.
 The parish of Clent transferred to Worcestershire.

Transferred from other counties:
 Part of the township of Foston and Scropton (in the parish of Scropton) in Derbyshire.

Sussex

Transferred from other counties:
 The tithings of North Ambersham and South Ambersham, both in the parish of Steep and making one enclave in Sussex, transferred from Hampshire.

Transferred to other counties:
 The detached part of the parish of Rogate known as Bohunt west of Liphook, transferred to the parish of Bramshott in Hampshire.

Warwickshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The township of Tutnall and Cobley (in the parish of Tardebigge) transferred to Worcestershire.

Transferred from other counties:
 The parish of Little Compton in Gloucestershire.
 The parish of Sutton-under-Brailes in Gloucestershire.

Wiltshire

Transferred to other counties:
 The part of the parochial chapelry of Hurst (in the parish of Sonning) in Wiltshire. Four exclaves, one large and three at Twyford two of the latter being tiny.
 The parish of Kingswood transferred to Gloucestershire.
 The parish of Poulton transferred to Gloucestershire.
 The part of the parish of Shinfield in Wiltshire. Two exclaves. The larger contained the hamlets of Swallowfield and Riseley, the smaller that of Farley Hill.
 The part of the parish of Wokingham in Wiltshire, including the east end of the town with its parish church. This exclaves joined to the large Hurst exclaves via an isthmus the width of a road.

Transferred from other counties:
 The part of the divided parish of Inglesham in Berkshire. This included a salient which was inaccessible from the rest of that county. The action also abolished a small exclave of Wiltshire, including the parish church. The 1832 schedule had swapped the county names by mistake, and so the 1832 Act left the parliamentary boundary alone -including the exclave.
 Part of the parish of Shalbourne including the tithing of Oxenwood  in Berkshire, transferred to Wiltshire only in 1895 -this was a salient, not an exclave. Oxenwood was included in the 1844 Act by mistake, as it was erroneously listed as an exclave. The relevant Order was cancelled after the error was pointed out.

Worcestershire

Transferred to other counties:
 The hamlets of Alstone and Little Washbourne (both in the parish of Overbury) transferred to Gloucestershire.
 The township of Church Icomb in the parish of Icomb (older spelling Iccomb) in Worcestershire, transferred to Gloucestershire to join the township already in the latter county called Westward Icomb. The village had been divided between the two.

Transferred from other counties:
 The parish of Broom in Staffordshire.
 The parish of Clent  in Staffordshire.
 The townships of Halesowen, Cakemore, Hasbury, Hawne, Hill, Illey, Lapal, Ridgacre, Hunnington, Oldbury, Romsley and Warley Salop (all in the parish of Halesowen) transferred from Shropshire. The area around Warley Salop, especially on Barnford Hill south of Langley Green had extremely complicated boundaries. Worcestershire had counter-exclaves and Shropshire had counter-counter exclaves, both sets including field strips of a fraction of an acre.
 The chapelry of Rochford (in the parish of Tenbury) in Herefordshire.

Yorkshire, North Riding

Transferred from other counties:
 The parish of Crayke in County Durham.

Scotland and Ireland
The 1844 act applied only to England and Wales.

Most detached parts of Irish counties were removed under an 1836 act in conjunction with Griffith's Valuation.

Detached parts of Scottish counties persisted (apart from some exchanged between Inverness and Elgin in 1870) until the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, which merged the fragmented county of Cromartyshire into Ross and Cromarty and provided for Boundary Commissioners for Scotland to consolidate all other county exclaves, except one in Dunbartonshire comprising Cumbernauld and Kirkintilloch parishes.

See also
Enclaves and exclaves
List of county exclaves in England and Wales 1844–1974
Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832

References

Sources

 Moule, Thomas (1836) Moule's English Counties in the 19th century, London: Simpkin & Marshall, republished (1990) as The County Maps of Old England by Thomas Moule, London: Studio Editions Ltd,
 Youngs, Frederic A. (1979) Guide to the local administrative units of England, Vol. 1: Southern England, Royal Historical Society, Guides and handbooks no. 10., London : University College,
 Youngs, Frederic A. (1991) Guide to the local administrative units of England, Vol. 2: Northern England, Royal Historical Society, Guides and handbooks no. 17., London : University College,

External links
Map of the counties of Great Britain and Ireland with detached parts shown on Wikishire.

Local government legislation in England and Wales
1844 in British law
Counties of England established in antiquity
Historic counties of Wales
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1844
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning England and Wales
Former exclaves
Lists of English county boundary changes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This promicroceras has been preserved in pale yellow calcite and lies on an aesthetic piece of matrix which would make a lovely natural specimen with no cut base. Approximately 200 million years old. The ammonite has been fully prepared.
A beautifully preserved solid calcite ammonite with an immaculate centre. The ammonite lies on a substantial piece of matrix and has a cut base for upright display. Approximately 200 million years old. A unique gift idea.
A really well preserved double ammonite piece. The ammonites being pale yellow calcite really stand out against the grey matrix background. The specimen has a level base for upright display and is approximately 200 million years old. A unique gift idea.


text:
GWC BaseCamp Brief December 2021
*** CHAPTER NEWS – December 2021 Edition ***
George Washington Chapter (GWC)
Association of the United States Army (AUSA)
THANK YOU to our Individual, Community Partners, Sustaining Members, Corporate Sponsors!
Website:https://www.ausa.org/chapters/george-washington-chapter
https://www.facebook.com/AUSA-George-Washington-Chapter
Current Chapter Membership Profile:
Total Members – 8522
Community Partners – 141
Chapter Donations, Sponsorships and Support
Army Retiree Appreciation Day - JBM-HH
The Unknown Soldier Foundation
Veteran's Day Commemoration - George C. Marshall Center
Joint Base Myer Henderson Hall Family & MWR Programs
XMAS Tree Lighting Event at JBM-HH
Toys for Service Member Families at JBM-HH
Stocking Stuffers for Soldiers and Marines at JBM-HH
Institute for Land Warfare
National Museum of the United States Army
Wreaths Across America
PenFed Credit Union Completes Record Year by Giving $5.5 Million to Support Community Charities
PenFed Announces $1.1 Million in December Donations to the Air Force Association, Armed Services Arts Partnership, Association of the US Army, Invest in Girls, Leashes of Valor, National Military Family Association, Tunnel to Towers Foundation and Willing Warriors
TYSONS, VA., Dec. 14, 2021 – PenFed Credit Union, the nation's second largest federal credit union, today announced $1.1 million in additional donations to the Air Force Association, Armed Services Arts Partnership, Association of the US Army, Invest in Girls, Leashes of Valor, National Military Family Association, Tunnel to Towers Foundation and Willing Warriors. PenFed has donated a record $5.5 million to community partners in 2021 to complete the most successful year in its 86-year history.
"At PenFed we measure success by how many people we help," said James Schenck, PenFed President/CEO and PenFed Foundation CEO. "PenFed is proud to support our community partners on behalf of our over 3,600 employees and 2.5 million members. This year we set many records in loan originations and membership growth, but we are most proud of our record community giving."
In 2021, PenFed gave $2.8 million to more than 100 charities in communities it serves and an additional $2.7 million to the PenFed Foundation. The PenFed Foundation is a national 501(c)3 founded by PenFed Credit Union and committed to empowering military service members, veterans and their communities with the skills and resources to realize financial stability and opportunity.
PenFed's community partners make a difference in the lives of many through a wide range of services:
Air Force Association – promotes dominant U.S. Air and Space Forces as the foundation of a strong national defense; to honor and support our Airmen, Guardians, and their families; and to remember and respect our enduring heritage.
Armed Services Arts Partnership – provides free art and comedy classes to veterans, service members, military family members, and caregivers.
Association of the US Army – supports soldiers, their families, and Army civilians; provides a voice for the Army and honors those who have served.
Invest in Girls – works with schools, community organizations, corporations and foundations to provide financial literacy programming to young girls.
Leashes of Valor – brings service dogs and post-9/11 veterans together in order to enrich and improve the lives of both.
National Military Family Association – stands up for, supports, and enhances the quality of life for every military family through bold advocacy, innovative programming, and dynamic and responsive solutions.
Tunnel to Towers Foundation – honors military and first responders who continue to make the supreme sacrifice of life and limb for our country.
Willing Warriors – provides cost-free retreat stays and programs that positively impact wounded, injured, and ill service members and disabled veterans. PenFed is funding two of three homes at the Warrior Retreat in Haymarket, Va.
About PenFed Credit Union
Established in 1935, Pentagon Federal Credit Union (PenFed) is America's second-largest federal credit union, serving 2.5 million members worldwide with $32 billion in assets. PenFed Credit Union offers market-leading certificates, checking, credit cards, personal loans, mortgages, auto loans, student loans, and a wide range of other financial services with members' interests always in mind. PenFed Credit Union is federally insured by the NCUA and is an Equal Housing Lender.
Community Partner Support
Full Listing at https://www.ausa.org/chapters/george-washington-chapter
Reminder - Please renew your Community Partner membership with the Chapter and ensure your member profile information is current. The Chapter needs your continued support!
https://www.ausa.org/membership-type/community-partners
Welcome Back Campaign for Individual Memberships
*** CHAPTER NEWS AND EVENTS ***
E-9 Networking Breakfasts held monthly. Hosted by CSM (R) Jeff Stitzel, Cypher LLC and co-sponsored by the GW Chapter
Celebrating the Navy's Birthday with our Navy Senior NCO's
*** GWC Educational Scholarship Golf Tournament ***
An outstanding event that supported our educational scholarships program.
The annual golf tournament was sold out with 31 Foursomes!
Shout out to PenFed Credit Union our Lead Sponsor and to our supportive Sponsors, Players, and a special thanks to Howard University ROTC and University of Maryland ROTC:
PenFed Credit Union - Lead Sponsor
General Dynamics Mission Systems
2d Region AUSA
AAFMAA
Airbus US Space and Defense
American States Utility Services, Inc
Cypher LLC
DCSCORP
Eye Safety Systems
ManTech
Michael Baker International
Point Blank Enterprises
ROCKDEEP
SAAB US
11-13 October
GWC Community Partner Support at Annual Meeting - CSM (R) Tony Tuck, Conflict Kinetics, LLC
*** 2d REGION BREAKFAST ***
GWC was the host for the breakfast at the Marriott Marquis, Salon 5
featuring LTG Robert L. Marion, Military Deputy/Director of the Army Acquisition Corps, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology)
2d Region and GWC Sponsored Family of the Year
1st Sergeant Lutricia Fields
3rd US Infantry Regiment, (The Old Guard)
*** 2021 ANNUAL MEETING SPECIAL AWARDS ***
The GWC sponsored each award.
2021 Anthony J. Drexel Biddle Medal
Colonel Glenn Yarborough, US Army Retire
2021 John W. Dixon Award
James Schenck
President and CEO, PenFed Credit Union
Celebrating the US Marine Corps Birthday
NOVA Chamber of Commerce
2021 Veteran Service Organization of the Year Finalist
GWC AUSA
Amanda Jones, GWC VP, Young Professionals, presents James Schenck, President and CEO PenFed Credit Union and General John Nickolson, US Army Retired, President The PenFed Foundation with Community Partner Plaque
HOHO Hot Cocoa
Support the XMAS Tree Lighting at JBM-HH
Celebrating the National Guard Birthday
GWC AUSA Quarterly Luncheon Series / Professional Development Forum
Tuesday, 7 December 2021 – Army Navy Country Club
Featured Guest Speaker
The Honorable Heidi Shyu
Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering
AUSA support with Toys for JBM-HH Soldier Families
Quarterly Luncheon Series/Professional Development Forum/General Membership Meeting
Topic: Strategic Operations
More information will be forthcoming as we confirm the featured speakers
GWC Educational Scholarship Golf Tournament
Reston National Golf Course
More information forthcoming in January 2022
*** MEMBER BENEFIT HIGHLIGHT ***
Shop, Save, Support:
www.ausa.org/savings
To access member discount codes and links, please log in using your AUSA username and password.
AUSA partners offer great discounts and most contribute back to AUSA for scholarships, soldier and family programs, etc.
Visit www.ausa.org/savings and be sure to click those you may not be familiar with. There are often familiar brands behind those names. Like Provengo, with savings of up to 70% on 100+ brands like 5.11, Costa, Oakley, Benchmade, Luminox, G-Shock, Coleman, Ray-Ban, Toad Fish, Vortex, and YETI. Use code AUSA for additional $15 off.
*** Donate to the GWC Educational Scholarship Fund ***
HOW TO DONATE:
Personal check made payable to George Washington Chapter AUSA. Please note that your donation is specifically for the AUSA GWC (Chapter 2101) Educational Scholarship fund. Mail checks to:
Bill Stramm
AUSA George Washington Chapter
302 Arnies Loop
Cape Charles, VA 23310
Credit Card Payments (See Below)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Donation URL: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/AUSAGeorgeWashington
Membership, Membership, Membership – Please renew your Community Partnership and Individual Membership Today!
www.ausa.org/membership
Special Tribute to General Colin Powell, US Army Retired
General Colin Powell led a life of extraordinary service—as a pathbreaking leader and statesman and a generous mentor.
Colin Luther Powell was born on April 5, 1937, in Harlem, New York City, New York to Jamaican immigrant parents Maud Ariel and Luther Theophilus Powell. He was educated in the New York City Public Schools and earned a bachelor's degree in Geology from the City College of New York (CUNY) in 1958. While as a student at CUNY, Powell developed an interest in the military and joined the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC). He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army after graduation and served in the military for thirty-five years. During his long military career, Powell served two tours in Vietnam in 1962 and 1968, was named National Security Advisor in 1987, served as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1989, and oversaw Operations Desert Storm and Desert Shield in 1991. He was awarded a Purple Heart, a Bronze Star, the Legion of Merit, and the Defense Distinguished Service Medal. Powell retired from the military in 1993 and was confirmed as the United States Secretary of State in 2001.
On October 18, 2021, four-star general, diplomat, and statesman Colin L. Powell passed away at the age of 84, at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. He was the first African American to serve as the National Security Adviser, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and as the United States Secretary of State. Throughout his military and political career, Powell received numerous medals and awards including the Presidential Medal of Freedom (twice), the Congressional Gold Medal, the Spingarn Medal, Sylvanus Thayer Award, and the Bishop John T. Walker Distinguished Humanitarian Service Award. In addition to these accolades, Colin Powell wrote several books about his life experiences including My American Journey (1995) and It Worked for Me: In Life and Leadership (2012).
"If you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude."
~Colin Powell
Flashback!!!!!
LTG Colin Powell, then National Security Advisor to President Ronald Reagan, spoke at a GWC luncheon, Fort Myer Officers' Club, circa 1987.
Ed Dauksz recalls, "I remember going into his office with Karen Lowe to lay out the event to him in DC, not at the WH. His secretary said that he was in a meeting. He did hear us and came out and chatted for a minute. I reiterated the schedule and time, 11:30 start time. He said, "I have a meeting with President Reagan at 11. Go ahead and start without me. I will tell him I have a speaking engagement at 11:30 and catch up.". He won't mind." WOW! Any way, we started at 11:30 with no General Powell. I danced at the podium for about 30 minutes when General Powell comes into the room, waving his hand and saying, "See I told you I would make it." Knocked us all off our feet. One tremendous luncheon.
He was a general then and just took over as advisor to President Reagan.
Sec Army Mike Stone is at head table next to Powell.
Photos of General Powell at GW Chapter luncheon at the Fort Myer Officer"s Club circa 1987 below. Also identified were John Grimes, Dave Borland and a young man named Ed Dauksz, GWC Chapter President.
McChrystal Speaks at Upcoming AUSA Webinar
National Guard Steps Up Support for COVID Missions
Army Aims for Recruiting Boost With $50,000 Bonuses
Fully Vaccinated Soldiers Are a Readiness Priority
Military Support Increases for Civilian Hospitals
Delayed Army Funding Creates Adverse Effects
Army Adjusts to Meet Families' Changing Needs
Short-Term Funding Hurts the Army and Industry
History-Making JAG Nominated to Highest Military Court


The fifth freedom was one of the topics on the second day of the Baltic Development Forum. The Secretary General of the Nordic Council of Ministers, Halldór Ásgrímsson, spoke to the delegates about the free flow of knowledge on Monday 1 December.
"The fifth freedom is part of the actual core of the Nordic Globalisation initiative", said Ásgrímsson on Monday in Bella Center. He emphasised that the Nordic prime ministers stress the importance of strengthening co-operation with the Baltic countries and other regional organisations to increase competitiveness.
Through the Nordplus programmes, for example, which promote mobility for students, researchers, teachers and pupils between the Nordic countries and the three Baltic nations, and research projects funded by NordForsk, the Nordic countries have taken important steps towards establishing the fifth freedom, the free flow of knowledge.
"The Nordic Council of Ministers is now considering taking the initiative to have a common infrastructure for knowledge, the fifth freedom, in the Baltic Sea region. Such an infrastructure could, amongst other things, contain a high capacity network for research co-operation and digital services", said the Secretary General for the Nordic Council of Ministers on Monday. He also mentioned the establishment of eScience as a common research area that could be part of such an infrastructure.
"One of the most interesting, new initiatives for the Nordic Council of Ministers in this area is the initiative for excellence in research", said Ásgrímsson to the Baltic Development Forum on Monday. This initiative will create a platform for increased international co-operation and interaction within the research field, amongst other things.
The Baltic Development Forum has filled Bella Center in Copenhagen with ministers, senior politicians and important members of society from the entire Baltic Sea region. Denmark's Prime Minister, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, opened the Baltic Development Forum on Sunday 30 November. The forum is taking place in the Øresund Region this year, in Copenhagen and Malmö, and will close on 2 December. This year's theme is "Energizing the Climate for Business".


text:
Vassar Jewish Studies Sponsors Demonization of Israel … Again
College faculty, familiar with the 2000-year history of Jewish persecution, should recognize blatant anti-Semitism.
By Ziva Dahl
'Transparent' Recap 1×7: Symbolic Exemplar
If "Rollin" was Josh's signature episode, "Symbolic Exemplar" is Ali's time to shine. We've learned, over the course of the season, that she dabbles with interests and modes of self-expression. She's no longer eating dairy-free or twerking-out; her interest in weed is inconsistent; she'll stop and start expensive hobbies just as long as Maura is willing to foot the bill. She's also searching to understand herself, and her gender presentation is a big part of that. In "The Wilderness," when Ali asks Maura to pay for her gender studies class at Santa Monica College, Maura waxes nostalgic about Ali's "gender confusion" during childhood and insinuates that they may be on the same life path, casually mentioning that "some people say it runs in the blood." I wouldn't go that far – to me, Ali seems quite comfortable in her identity as a woman – but it's true that she seems less confident in how she expresses her identity than in what her identity actually is. Remember, this is the Ali who chopped off her hair in response to receiving a cosmetic counter makeover at the mall.
By Carrie Nelson
Julia Allison is the Female George Gurley, Says Julia Allison
It's been a while since we heard from Julia Allison–the hyperconfessional onetime princess of the Gawker-made "fameball" set, whose antics
By Daniel D'Addario


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text:
Caliburn International Names Robert Stalick President of Engineering and Technology
Robert Stalick, President, Engineering & Technology (Photo: Business Wire)
RESTON, Va.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Caliburn International, a global leader in providing professional services and solutions to U.S. federal government agencies and commercial clients, today announced that Robert "Bob" Stalick has joined the firm as President, Engineering and Technology.
In this role, Mr. Stalick will serve as a member of the executive leadership team overseeing the firm's investment in engineering and technology tools. In addition to leading the growth of the Engineering & Technology business practice, he will also oversee the upcoming launch of Caliburn's engineering technology suite of products. Mr. Stalick is based in the firm's Northern Virginia headquarters and reports to Caliburn International CEO, Jim Van Dusen. He is currently the CEO of Owl Cyber Defense, and will continue in that role. Owl delivers best-in-class cybersecurity software, hardware and services, including cross domain, data diode, and portable media solutions for threat protection and data security.
"Bob comes to Caliburn International during a critical time in the growth of the company's technology business," said Mr. Van Dusen. "His proven leadership in bringing products to market – from managing technology to design, launch and direct sales activity – is essential as Caliburn launches several new products over the coming months."
"Caliburn International continues to make significant investments in technology, particularly in its Engineering & Technology business practice," said Thomas J. Campbell, Chairman of Caliburn's Board of Directors. "Caliburn has an aggressive plan to expand its business, with technology playing a key role in fueling that growth. Bob's expertise in successfully bringing technology products to market will help position Caliburn as a major technology player in both the commercial and government markets."
Mr. Stalick brings more than 30 years of experience leading technology firms. Previously, he served as CEO of Tresys Technology until its merger with Owl in 2019. From 2009 to 2013, he was responsible for the planning, creation, marketing, maintenance and support of all Tresys packaged solutions and products. From 2000 to 2005 he was Chairman and CEO of Internosis, a Northern Virginia-based national professional services and consulting firm, which he led from initial creation through a private equity-backed management buyout through a doubling in size, until it was acquired by EMC in 2006. Prior to that, Mr. Stalick spent 20 years in government systems integration, including six years' operating the Department of State's Computer Security Laboratory, and providing complex solutions to a variety of government customers. He spent his early career as a systems programmer and software development manager working on IBM and Wang operating systems.
About Caliburn International, LLC: Caliburn is a leading provider of professional services and solutions to U.S. federal government agencies and commercial clients. The company provides consulting, engineering, medical, and environmental services as well as large-scale program management in support of its core markets of national defense, international diplomacy, healthcare, and homeland security client readiness. Caliburn employs approximately 7,000 dedicated professionals deployed across five continents. The company's website is www.caliburnintl.com.
Contact: pressquestions@caliburnintl.com


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I have yet to meet anyone who went to college to become a recruiter. That being said, most of us are just winging it until we can find something that works. It also means that some of you have no idea what you are doing. When you know better, you do better. Here are some tools for Recruiters that will up your game.
Think about it. How long does it take you to find candidates when you get a new requisition? If your answer is, "Longer than I want," you are not alone. That is why building a pipeline of vetted candidates is so important. When I first started recruiting, my pipeline was an Excel spreadsheet. Thankfully, today I could use Hello Talent. Hello Talent is a free recruiting and sourcing tool that will help you build, organize and collaborate your talent tools.
Inbound Recruiting is not just a buzzword. It is about building relationships and attracting top candidates to your open positions. According to the Indeed Talent Attraction Study, 64% of employed adults say they would feel more confident that a job is a right fit for them if they picked the company and applied versus if a recruiter contacted them. You can attract candidates through professional looking career pages, email campaigns, and holding events. Too busy to do all that? Take a look at Beamery Brand. Beamery Brand is a tool that includes a comprehensive product includes everything I listed above plus features campus recruiting and will give you your Talent Promoter score.
We all have biases. It's not that we want to turn people off; we just can't help it. That is because they are subconscious preferences that we may not even know we have. And therein lies the problem. If something is biased, but we don't realize it is biased, how the hell are we supposed to know if we are being biased? Before you go crazy, I found tools that can help. Textio, IBM's Personality Insights and Gender Decoder for Job Ads all work great. During my research, however, I found a product I was not aware of called Unitive.
Unitive not only fixes your job description but also conceals items within a resume that could be subject to unfair bias. It was super easy, and it is free for now.
Awesome right? You can save as a PDF or an image. It just helps me to remember where that perfect candidate was that I saw on that site I forgot I was on.
We live in an age where you are just a few clicks away from learning anything. If you are passionate about recruiting, never stop learning about how to improve your craft. Remember, it isn't just about education; it is also about having the right tools in your toolbox.


My Sunday in Prague was very encouraging as well. The group appears to be moving on well from the recent difficulties, and is focusing on the future. The family that had visited our study on Saturday came to the worship on Sunday as well. They seem like really good people, and seemed impressed with the church. Honza Novak is doing a good job and working with them. Attendance was good, as was the mood of the group. Karel did a nice job teaching the class on the book of Revelation, and I preached on "Taking Up our Cross." The time always gets away too quickly.
I spent my last Saturday on the trip leading the discussion for gathering of Christians from across the country that is conducted every second month. Not only was the turnout of Christians from across the nation good, but we also had a family of local visitors. We had a very lively and practical discussion of personal evangelism. After today's study, many of the people hung around together for another hour or so to visit before heading back to their respective cities. It was good to see them all again, especially the young people who made up probably 1/3 of those in attendance.
There was truly a feeling of Christmas in the air in Prague. The market was in full swing with people from all across the country in the city to visit it. "Good King Wenceslas" is still presiding over the his square. If you stay in this hotel, you need to be skinny to fit in. On a much more serious note, thankfully people still remember the sacrifices of two young students who died of self-immolation in the square a year apart in protest of the Russian invasion in 1968.
I also had the opportunity to travel with Honza Novak to the town of Podebrady about an hour from Prague to visit a property that he has recently developed there. This gave us our first opportunity on this trip to have a protracted period of time to have in-depth discussions about some of the issues that he is facing in his life. He continues to be a model of someone who faces life challenges with courage, dignity, and a mature faith. As he is currently doing a series on the book of Hebrews, it also gave us a great opportunity to discuss some of the particularly challenging aspects of this book. I hope I managed to be as much of an encouragement to him as he is to me.
It takes about an hour by public transportation to get to Honza and Monika's home, but the trip is always worth it. They have been dealing with some illness in the family, but they were anxious for me to come and I was anxious to go. As always, the evening with them was both pleasant and rewarding. It is always so encouraging to see how their family is growing and developing spiritually. As we often do, we discussed different aspects of childrearing. They are obviously doing a fine job with their two children. We also had a very positive discussion about the future of the church in Prague. Monika cooked a delightful supper that we enjoyed together before I headed back into the city center.
My time in Sofia came quickly to an end. Biss and I were able to spend a little while together Monday evening. The last day is always the hardest. The weather had turned cold and it began to snow just before we met. Based on the forecast, I was concerned about getting out the next morning. The traffic on the way to the airport was horrible as people navigated the six inches on fresh snow. Though I arrived less than an hour before my flight, I was in time. The cattle class check-in lines were closed, but I was able to use the alternate line. Thankfully, the de-icing process though appearing a bit primitive was successful and the flight was only about an hour late. The flight was otherwise uneventful, and I got settled into my place in Prague in time to do some work and exercise my culinary skills.
The open doors in Sofia are amazing. Biss sees this, but also understandable feels the pressure it puts on him to make wise choices and make good use of the opportunities hemispheric afforded. I have a lot of confidence in him handling it well. Please keep him as well,as,the rest of the Christians in your prayers.


text:
The Road to Serfdom Friedrich A. Hayek | FB2
Friedrich A. Hayek
A classic work in political philosophy, intellectual and cultural history, and economics, The Road to Serfdom has inspired and infuriated politicians, scholars, and general readers for half a century. Originally published in England in the spring of 1944—when Eleanor Roosevelt supported the efforts of Stalin, and Albert Einstein subscribed lock, stock, and barrel to the socialist program—The Road to Serfdom was seen as heretical for its passionate warning against the dangers of state control over the means of production. For F. A. Hayek, the collectivist idea of empowering government with increasing economic control would inevitably lead not to a utopia but to the horrors of nazi Germany and fascist Italy.
First published by the University of Chicago Press on September 18, 1944, The Road to Serfdom garnered immediate attention from the public, politicians, and scholars alike. The first printing of 2,000 copies was exhausted instantly, and within six months more than 30,000 were sold. In April of 1945, Reader's Digest published a condensed version of the book, and soon thereafter the Book-of-the-Month Club distributed this condensation to more than 600,000 readers. A perennial best-seller, the book has sold over a quarter of a million copies in the United States, not including the British edition or the nearly twenty translations into such languages as German, French, Dutch, Swedish, and Japanese, and not to mention the many underground editions produced in Eastern Europe before the fall of the iron curtain.
After thirty-two printings in the United States, The Road to Serfdom has established itself alongside the works of Alexis de Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill, and George Orwell for its timeless meditation on the relation between individual liberty and government authority. This fiftieth anniversary edition, with a new introduction by Milton Friedman, commemorates the enduring influence of The Road to Serfdom on the ever-changing political and social climates of the twentieth century, from the rise of socialism after World War II to the Reagan and Thatcher "revolutions" in the 1980s and the transitions in Eastern Europe from communism to capitalism in the 1990s.
F. A. Hayek (1899-1992), recipient of the Medal of Freedom in 1991 and co-winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1974, was a pioneer in monetary theory and the principal proponent of libertarianism in the twentieth century.
On the first American edition of The Road to Serfdom:
"One of the most important books of our generation. . . . It restates for our time the issue between liberty and authority with the power and rigor of reasoning with which John Stuart Mill stated the issue for his own generation in his great essay On Liberty. . . . It is an arresting call to all well-intentioned planners and socialists, to all those who are sincere democrats and liberals at heart to stop, look and listen."—Henry Hazlitt, New York Times Book Review, September 1944
"In the negative part of Professor Hayek's thesis there is a great deal of truth. It cannot be said too often—at any rate, it is not being said nearly often enough—that collectivism is not inherently democratic, but, on the contrary, gives to a tyrannical minority such powers as the Spanish Inquisitors never dreamt of."—George Orwell, Collected Essays
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Open zendesk in the road to serfdom the admin portal and click the provisioning page. But they really have a very relaxing beach, massage near friedrich a. hayek the sea, small pool and so on. This presence friedrich a. hayek could come in the form of a shadow or an evil-looking entity. When deciding to purchase a serval you need to take a lot of the road to serfdom time and do a lot of research. County to use automated license plate readers to friedrich a. hayek document poor air quality in some san diego neighborhoods. His performance was his best on tour since he won the children's hospital classic, also in the road to serfdom tennessee chattanooga, in. In the balcony scene of act ii, scene 2, juliet is aware of the foolhardiness of their love: "it is too rash, too unadvis'd, friedrich a. hayek too sudden. Find italian restaurants near you from 6 million restaurants worldwide with million reviews and opinions from the road to serfdom tripadvisor travelers. We give very the road to serfdom little thought to what coke or pepsi might do to optimize their sites. Katie the road to serfdom daphne and vanessa bay play two very different girls that are connected by this event that happened to them so many years ago.
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I was scrolling through Twitter on Sunday when an image of Saturn's rings crashing through a cloudy atmosphere caught my eye. The image's caption said it was "Cassini's last image before entering Saturn's atmosphere and burning up."
That a place like this existed in the universe and humans had sent a camera hundreds of millions of miles to take a photo of it was fantastic, so I hit the retweet button despite the fact that I had no idea who "Bill Wanatosky 8(a)" was or if he could be trusted to disseminate accurate NASA photography. Well it turns out @DCMDVABroker is not a faithful Tweeter and duped me and 10,000 other Twitter accounts into spreading his fake news.
Cassini's actual final photos look nothing like that forgery but are equally alluring and are made even more impressive by the fact that they are actually real. Look at this one, with Saturn's rings grouped into bands like different songs on a spinning record.
Or this one, which is blurry but no less spectacular when you realize this is a photograph of Titan, the greatest moon in our solar system. Titan is the only place other than earth that is "known to possess surface lakes and seas," which are filled with liquid methane because of the massive moon's frigid temperatures (-292 Fahrenheit).
Titan's atmosphere is twice as thick as Earth's, which makes it tough for scientists to study the surface from our planet. Cassini's 20-year mission to Saturn increased our understanding of this mysterious and cold moon, especially when it took these final images as it plummeted into Saturn's atmosphere in September of last year. So this forgery image from @DCMDVABRoker isn't even timely fake news.
I have yet to undo my retweet of this image, because I'm not entirely sure what to do. What should I do, Slog?
How should @leddder rectify his spreading of fake Cassini news?
Do nothing because this piece of fake news is pretty.
Undo the retweet without making any further comment.
Undo the retweet and pin an apology to your profile.


A Vietnamese baby girl experienced wilderness quite nastily when a swarm of forest honey bees suddenly entered her home and attacked her. The little girl was rushed to hospital with at least a hundred bee stings covering her head and face.
11-month-old Nguyen To Nhi Phuong of central Quang Nam Province in Vietnam was at her home on February 10th with her father Nguyen Dinh Hue, and her grandmother, 67 year old Bui Thi Thu. Suddenly a large swarm of bees entered their home and began attacking all three.
While Hue and his mother ducked for cover Phuong suffered the most with more than 100 stings covering her head, nose and face causing her to collapse almost instantly.
Thinking quickly Hue used an insecticide to ward off the bees and took his mother and the baby to Tam Ky General Hospital for emergency treatment.
Phuong was later admitted to the Vietnam-South Korea Pediatrics Friendship Hospital in her deadly state. Here the bee stings were removed carefully and first aid was given. She was then transferred to the Obstetrics-Pediatrics Center of the Da Nang General Hospital for further treatments.
Doctors believed that if her father would have made even a moment's hesitation in bringing his only child to the hospital, she might not have survived.
The venom of the bees had led to liver injury and blood deficiency. Doctors put Phuong on a respirator and given detoxification medicines and high-dose antibiotics, along with blood and fluid transfusions.
Yesterday, after spending 10 days at the hospital Phuong's condition was stable and her parents were allowed to take her home.
It was though a very lucky escape for the little girl as Dr. Nguyen Minh Tuan, head of the hospital's Pediatrics Department II, said if the bees had been wasps, the baby would not have survived.