I've lived in Redondo Beach for the past 15 years and here's what I can tell you.
Lifestyle 90% the same as Manhattan Beach or Hermosa Beach at 50-60% of the cost. Sounds good, right? Maybe that's why over the years Redondo Beach has been recognized as one of the best places to live in southern California.
If you are thinking of buying here, it is important to first decide whether you want to live in North or South Redondo Beach. They are both great places to live but there are differences that extend beyond just price.
North Redondo (90278) and the more beach adjacent South Redondo (90277). Prices and lifestyle differ between the two.
Here's a fun fact. This stretch of beach front where the bike path starts at the foot of Palos Verdes is known as RAT beach. Some people think that stands for Right After Torrance others say Redondo and Torrance. Your call.
Actually, starting in South Redondo Beach you can head north on the Marvin Braude bike trail (the Strand) which starts at the foot of Palos Verdes and continues 22 miles north ending in the Pacific Palisades. It's a great ride which my wife and I have done many times.
South Redondo has a great "downtown" area, Riviera Village, which sits at the foot of the Palos Verdes Peninsula and a few blocks from the ocean.
North Redondo is actually landlocked so it is "beach" in name only. Most of North Redondo sits east of Manhattan Beach except for the "Golden Triangle" which is the furthest west RB neighborhood. You can actually walk to the beach from some of the homes. You won't find ocean views in North Redondo but some homes have mountain views.
Because North Redondo has much easier Freeway access - you can be on the 405 in about 10 mins from anywhere in 90278, it has dramatically increased in desirability over the past few years. So while the prices have come up, it is still one of the best values in coastal LA County and that's even before the Galleria Mall redevelopment.
MLS AREA 151 is found north of Artesia between Aviation Blvd and Inglewood Ave. Also known as "Villas North".
MLS Area 152 (aka Villas South) is south of Artesia Blvd stretching more or less to Ripley Ave except for the streets that are in the Golden Hills (Area 154) which is further subdivided into the "Golden Triangle" adjacent to Manhattan and Hermosa.
"El Nido" MLS Area 153 is found on both sides of Inglewood Ave and the train tracks. The most eastern homes are actually in Torrance.
MLS Area 154 is the "Golden Hills" which is further subdivided into the "Golden Triangle" adjacent to Manhattan and Hermosa.
The Hollywood Riviera (Area 128) is the furthest south neighborhood and found at the foot of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Some of these homes are actually in Torrance with mail going through the RB Post Office.
All the properties west of PCH are considered MLS Area 157. This includes properties on the Esplanade.
South of Torrance Blvd and east of PCH is Area 156 and north of Torrance Blvd is Area 155.
Great schools, jobs, freeway access, weather, beach proximity, restaurants, shopping, movie theaters and more, Redondo Beach has something for everyone.
Manhattan Beach is one of the most desirable places to live in coastal Los Angeles County.
Homes are also quite expensive even by Southern CA standards. How expensive? Recently 3 Manhattan Beach neighborhoods were ranked in the top 12 most expensive in Los Angeles County.
I lived in the Manhattan Beach Sand Section in the 1990's once on a walk street and another time near Sand Dune park.
There are many reasons people want to live in Manhattan Beach such as fine restaurants, shopping and the excellent school system. Mira Costa High School, has been ranked in the top 1% of all high schools nationally.
Many professional athletes (Lakers, Kings, and Clippers) as well as celebrity movie stars make their home in Manhattan Beach along with successful entrepreneurs, attorneys, doctors and business owners.
There is also easy access to LAX, freeways and that great beachfront.
Do you like surfing? Head down to El Porto to catch some great waves.
Is beach volleyball your thing? You'll find everything from starters to world class pros here and remember to check out the Manhattan Beach Open Volleyball Tournament during the summer.
Heading east of Sepulveda you'll find a massive renovation going on at the Manhattan Village mall, more restaurants on Rosecrans and the high end food store Gelson's now open on PCH.
I lived in the Manhattan Beach Sand Section in the 1990's and really enjoyed it. One time I was on a walk street and another home near Sand Dune park.
The Sand Section is the furthest west. This is the strip of land with the walk street homes and the properties on the Strand. There are both single family and attached and detached Towhomes.
The Tree Section and the Hill Section are both west of Sepulveda (PCH) and found north and south of Manhattan Beach Blvd respectively. Both neighborhoods are primarily Single Family Residences (SFRs).
East of Sepulveda you find Manhattan Village which is a gated master planned community located between Marine Blvd and Rosecrans just east of the shopping area of the same name. The Village has both townhomes and SFRs. The townhomes are zoned as PUD not condo.
Also on the Eastside you'll find the Mira Costa neighborhood to the south and Manhattan Heights / Liberty Village to the north.
Remarkably, locals also define two other neighborhoods not delineated in the MLS. They are the "Gaslight District" named after the street lights and the "American Martyrs" neighborhood named after the church.
My office at Pier to Pier Brokers is in Hermosa Beach on Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) which is not a highway at all but a surface street with lots of businesses. Also know as Route 1.
Hermosa Beach is great for sunbathing, volleyball, surfing, paddle boarding, biking, kayaking, rollerblading, skateboarding and general people watching.
Pier Ave is actually one of my favorite blocks in LA. You'll find mostly local restaurants and bars. If you are coming from PCH, keep heading west (towards the ocean) and you'll find the Hermosa Pier at the Strand.
To get the Hermosa Beach vibe, head down to Pier Ave and the Strand at the foot of the Hermosa Pier.
Or if you are on a bike, just make sure that when the light is flashing you walk it near the Pier. You will get a ticket. Really.
When the stacks from the AES power plant come down expect to see a major resurgence in this city.
While the beach front homes on the Strand are quite expensive (budget in the multiple millions to buy on the Strand), Hermosa Beach homes are usually priced lower than comparable Manhattan Beach properties. They are, however, often more expensive than Redondo Beach properties of the same size.
One thing that's really cool about Hermosa Beach is that many homes have roof top decks with ocean views. So you don't have to live on the Strand which are great for entertaining or just taking in the views.
Speaking of cool, the Lighthouse on Pier Avenue has been a famous Jazz Club dating back to the 1950's when many famous musicians made live recordings there.
Hermosa Beach has only three defined micro markets.
The Sand Section is the furthest west, basically an extension of the Manhattan Beach Sand Section albeit with much fewer walk streets.
Hermosa Valley is just east but still west of PCH and you can often buy there at a slight discount.
East of PCH is the Hermosa Hills aka East Hermosa Beach.
Throughout Hermosa there are SFRs, Townhomes and flat condos.
Many years ago I owned a home in Hermosa Beach and loved living there.


Once in a while you go through things as a foster/adoptive parent that define who you are and why you do what you do. That first "Daddy" or "I love you" or watching a child walk across the stage at graduation when you weren't certain they would ever finish the ninth grade. These are great times.
Then there are times where you wonder why on earth you submit yourself and your family to the things you do. You wonder if you can keep going, or if there will be a time when the pain and suffering parading through your home each day will relent. The answer is probably not. This week has had several moments like this.
Back in September I wrote an article about how hard it is to say goodbye to one of your foster children. I talked about how their pain is far greater than ours. Last night I wasn't so sure. We had to tell our five year old that he would be moving to a different placement. He wasn't going home, and we don't even believe the move was in his best interest, it was out of our hands completely. That made it even harder.
When he came to stay with us there was an instant attachment and kindred spirit. It didn't hurt that he is one of the sweetest and most loving children I've ever been around. He instantly found a way deep into our souls. As I told him he would no longer be staying with us, that portion of my soul felt like it was ripped completely out. In the words of Isaiah, I was "undone." The CSB says, "I am ruined." Both are terrifyingly accurate.
While the cause of being "undone" is very different in that passage, I understood the sentiment. I felt as though the very life was draining from me. I love this little boy so deeply, and that feeling developed in such a short period of time. Frankly, I was unprepared for the impact.
We sat him down and explained that the judge (a concept he doesn't understand even a little) had decided it best for him to live with his sisters. With that phrase, I saw it. I've seen the blank and stoic glare of a child who suffers from Attachment Disorder before, we have two of them. However, I'd never seen its genesis, but there it was.
In that instant, a face that has for the past two and half months been adorned with the broadest smile one could imagine, was now blank. It was as if a switch had been flipped. Except darkness came instead of light; fear instead of comfort; pain instead of joy.
I hugged him tightly, selfishly, asking God to make sure he understood we loved him and didn't have a choice. How do you explain this to a five year old? You can't. You just hope he remembers what you taught him. You pray he doesn't forget the love you have shown and the love he has hopefully felt.
I leaned him back and looked into his eyes, now fixed on mine, as his lip quivered. He stood straight and strong as a single tear escaped his eye. "Do you remember what I always tell you," I asked? "That you love me," he said as his little hands held my shoulders. It was more than I could take. I scooped him up again and squeezed, he squeezed back.
I asked him if he could remember how we prayed each night. He said he could. I asked him if he thought he could remember and pray for his sisters each night. He said he could. He climbed up in Tammy's lap and hugged her. It was a very somber moment.
We tucked him into bed and I knelt to pray. Instead of "Can I say Amen?" or "Can I say everything you say?" he remained quiet and waited. I started praying … and he repeated, just like before. When he said 'Amen' it wasn't with the same gusto as previous nights, but he said it. He had learned to pray, an invaluable skill he will need the rest of his life.
I turned out the light, walked down the stairs and out the front door. I couldn't face the other kids, I knew I was breaking. Outside I had a brief fit of anger. Not with or at anyone, but the situation.
I cried. Hard. Harder than I've cried in a really long time. I cried out to God and asked, "Why? Why don't you fix this?" This was space He and I had been in before. He answered me as He always does, "Trust me, son." We will do just that, but I cried for a bit before I could go inside.
Today I spent some time packing up his things and tonight we said goodbye. He tried so hard to be strong and not cry. I can't say the same for the rest of us. I buckled him in the car seat and reminded him one last time that Jesus loves him, we love him, and he was a brave, strong boy. A part of my soul was dying; one of the hardest things I've ever done.
Why do we do this to ourselves? Why would someone bring this sort of hurt on their soul over and over again? There are reasons.
The need. It is so overwhelming. In August of 2017 there were over 23,000 children in non-relative foster care placements in Texas alone. Over 7500 of them were prepared and cleared for adoption into a forever home, but there were only 1500 adoptive homes to take them. You see the problem.
The cycle. The only way to stop this cycle of abuse and neglect is to train up a generation who understands the toll it takes and help them become disciples of Christ; to show them the Gospel, to break the cycle. Unfortunately we often seem far more interested in "draining the swamp" than we are in draining the foster care system. This ministry of care is more than caring for children, it is ministering to the family, a generation. It is showing them how to be parents, how to love, and be loved.
6 God provides homes for those who are deserted.
This passage gives me my answer. This is our "why". Caring for these little ones, as hard as it may be sometimes, is the essence of His character and nature; it defines who He is. It is literally a living, breathing depiction of the Gospel. He, who had done no wrong, sacrificed everything to give an eternal home to those whom He would also give the ability to become His sons and daughters. He died to give us life and to ransom us from a broken, abusive, neglectful world we corrupted by our sin.
In return, we often reciprocate His love with disobedience. His response is most often grace; it certainly was that day at Calvary.
As an extension of His nature, He commanded us to simply obey and be transformed into a reflection of His image; to do on earth what He has done in eternity; to engage in pure and undefiled religion as a testimony of His grace.
See to it that you don't despise one of these little ones, because I tell you that in heaven their angels continually view the face of my Father in heaven.
That isn't to say everyone will be able to open their home for various reasons, but I ask you to weigh out those reasons. Do they serve you or the Kingdom? Maybe you can be respite care, babysitting, clothing donor, or even financial support. Everyone can help.
If then there is any encouragement in Christ, if any consolation of love, if any fellowship with the Spirit, if any affection and mercy, 2 make my joy complete by thinking the same way, having the same love, united in spirit, intent on one purpose. 3 Do nothing out of selfish ambition or conceit, but in humility consider others as more important than yourselves. 4 Everyone should look out not only for his own interests, but also for the interests of others.


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Scholarship aims to mix up craft beer industry
CBC April 24, 2019
An Ottawa brewery is hoping to challenge the perception that craft beer is just for hipster bros by offering a scholarship aimed at encouraging more diversity in the industry.
Dominion City Brewing started the scholarship in conjunction with Niagara College in Niagara Falls, Ont., to help graduates break into craft brewing.
It will be awarded annually to one student in the college's brewmaster program from "a background presently underrepresented in the industry."
"Just having a perspective challenged by someone who sees the world a little differently than you, I know we've benefited from that," Josh McJannett, co-owner of Dominion City Brewing, told CBC Radio's All In A Day.
While McJannett himself might look like a typical craft brewer, he wants more diversity on his team and in the industry as a whole.
"If we want a strong industry a decade from now or more ... having people meaningfully involved who have new perspectives is going to be really important," McJannett said.
Ontario's only certified program
Niagara College offers a two-year brewmaster and brewery operations management program, which includes courses on everything from the "history of brewing and beer" to "filtration, carbonation and finishing."
The school is the only one in the province to offer a certified craft brewing diploma.
The scholarship targets senior students, giving them a place to perfect their brewing skills after graduation.
In addition to being passionate about craft beer, the winner has to show how receiving the scholarship will help contribute to the diversity of the brewing industry, said McJannett.
David Richard/CBC
Brewers were women
The point of the scholarship isn't just about getting more women into the industry, but also folks from different ethnic backgrounds, people with disabilities, and members of the LGBT community, said Ren Navarro, the creator of Beer Diversity.
The advocacy group works to improve diversity in the craft brewing industry. Navarro gave a talk about the issue to Dominion City Brewing last week.
Back in ye olde Mesopotamian times, the original brewers were women. So why are we suddenly forgotten thousands of years later? - Ren Navarro
"You can't get a job till you have the experience, and you can't get the experience till you have a job," Navarro told CBC Radio's All In A Day.
She said the industry remains dominated by men, and it can difficult for women who brew beer to get noticed — an ironic reality, given the industry's origins.
"When you think of craft beer, you have someone in mind, and it's not a female," she said
"Back in ye olde Mesopotamian times the original brewers were women. So why are we suddenly forgotten thousands of years later?"
Council adopts changes to make it easier for craft brewers to open in Toronto

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I get it, I definitely don't look the part. That statement resonated with me even after I excitedly told a colleague of mine of the trip to Stone Barns Center right outside of New York City. Little did that friend know how much this experience, at Chef Dan Barber's farm in Tarrytown, meant to me.
Recently, I convinced some wonderfully adventurous Brooklynites to take a trip to upstate New York and accompany me on a farm tour at the Stone Barns Center. With all my heart and soul, New York City is eventually where I find myself, fully immersed in all of its beauty but especially its world of food & beverage. Having done my time in kitchens in Las Vegas after culinary school, I've done the constant trips to Los Angeles, and while I absolutely love the food scene there, nothing compares to The City.
From Brooklyn to the Upper West Side, New York is constantly churning out the best of the best. Ever since my days in culinary school, I've always dreamt of exploring the food world that The City has to offer. I'm no stranger to New York but upstate is a fascinating dreamland I've never ventured to before. The drive out of Manhattan (which, on a Friday right after the work day ends is the definition of a nightmare) into upstate displays the grand transition of skyscrapers and industrial buildings to lush greenery as far as the eye can see. Wide-eyed, even after a long day of running from brunch in the Lower East Side at the coveted Russ and Daughters Café to Dominique Ansel Kitchen, I couldn't close my eyes even for a minute, afraid that I wouldn't be able to take in my surroundings had I even dared to doze off.
In a funny way of miscommunication, we found ourselves an hour and a half north from Tarrytown, in the town of Hudson, at one of the loveliest Airbnb's I've been privy to stay in. Calling it an early night after bubbles and a quick lesson in poker (yes, I'm a Vegas girl that doesn't know how to play cards or gamble, blasphemy, I know), we called it a night in order to prep for our tour the next day.
There's something about waking up in the countryside, with its natural light and beauty that had me up and ready to go quite early in the morning. After coffee and tea, we took the trek back down to Stone Barns. When I was younger, my family used to take several road trips over the summer. One of them, in particular, was to Disneyworld, and I couldn't keep my excitement from showing. From my sweaty palms to daydreams of which ride I wanted to jump on first to the long gazes out of the window wondering if we had arrived, I couldn't wait until we had arrived. This ride was practically the same thing except Dan Barber's The Third Plate was in my lap as I re-read my favorite excerpts quietly daydreaming of the farm and all of the wonderful people I would encounter.
The drive into Stone Barns is nothing short of magical. The Rockefellers owned and operated the eighty acres of land that the farm rests on. Grandiose stone buildings rest on rolling green hills, the scent of the country, followed with the morning dew and light mist made it a perfect day for our tour.
From meeting the sheep, collecting eggs, grabbing coffee and treats at Blue Hill Café, and every activity in between, I found myself in awe of the people that make Stone Barns what it is. We met Chris, the livestock manager, who went to great lengths to explain their composting system after speaking to the volunteers at the sheep's meadow.
Multiple trips were made to the café for snacks and conversation with Jose and the rest of the friendly baristas. After ordering a London fog latte and asking for any milk alternative, Jose responded with, "You must be from the city if you're asking for alternatives." I promptly responded with: "No, even worse, from Austin." I was lovingly dubbed Miss Texas for the rest of the day.
After lunch and a quick stint of making spring rolls with vegetables straight from the farm, we found ourselves walking the grounds and being distracted by all the dogs but especially one in particular. I ran up to this beautiful pup, asked his owner what his name was and excitedly loved on him as I do with all the dogs I run into. "His name is Zeke", he said as I looked up and to my surprise, Jack Algiere, Stone Barn's farm director, was standing in front of me.
Meeting Jack is probably the equivalent of meeting the Queen of England in my eyes. He was the first hire of the Stone Barns Center and is a huge advocate in the agriculture and sustainable farming movements. In Barber's The Third Plate, he has an excerpt on just Jack that strikes a chord, humanizing the sustainable farm culture and his love for biodynamic and ecological systems. Algiere graduated from the University of Rhode Island with a degree in horticulture and has been farming ever since. Having introduced myself (and blatantly telling him I was a huge fan, yes, what a nerd), he invited us into the greenhouse to have a chat about the farm, agriculture, and what sustainable farming means today. I swear, I could listen to that man talk about potato varieties for hours. He's unassuming, kind, and very knowledgeable in his craft. It's evident that the man loves what he does and I was in complete awe of his ability to differentiate between several varieties and the science behind farming.
After our chat, Jack informed us of swiss chard transplanting in the larger part of the greenhouse so we hurriedly made our way over. Gardening and getting my hands dirty reminds me of my grandmother, who had such a natural green thumb in her garden when we lived in south Texas. Excitedly, I sprinted towards the grids and volunteers where the transplanting would take place. "Hi! How many swiss chard can we plant?" Ashley Monk, the greenhouse apprentice replied with, "As many as you'd like!" I tore off both my jackets and threw them to the side, readying myself. I honestly lost count how many I planted because I was so enthralled by my conversation with her.
Ashley's fairly new to Stone Barns, being there for about three months, after leaving her job at a social justice non-profit in Minnesota. Her foray into farming began when she started volunteering at the Women's Environmental Institute in North Branch, Minnesota. Ashley draws inspiration from her mentors, Karen Clarke and Jacque Zita, who have done tremendous work at the organization. She further cemented her decision to farm full-time after attending the National-International Urban and Small Farm Conference in Milwaukee in November 2014. The inspiration from the movers and shakers of the urban agriculture movement was a profound experience for her. Her background as a human rights activist helped form her belief that changing the food system has deep implications for social change and social justice. "Food is so alive, and deeply embedded with meaning", Monk recalls as she explains the impact that it has on ecological sustainability, community, and health as well as racial, economic, and social justice. She further reiterates that self-renewing, resilient systems of farming create the conditions for self-renewal and resilience for entire communities.
Every single person I met that day helped shape the way that I look at farming, agriculture, and the way that our food makes it to our table. I'm thankful for all the new friends I made that day, the people that were adventurous enough to share this experience, and Stone Barns Center for being such a huge proponent for the farm to table movement and agriculture.


Cereal? It's What's for Dinner!
Child: What kind of food?
Parent: The kind you eat.
Child: You always say that.
Most nights, for me, it's cereal. Not in the replace-2-meals-a-day sort of way. I'm not on a special or trendy diet. But rather in a my-boys-are-so-picky sort of way.
I have one who doesn't like to eat meat. You name it: chicken, beef, or pork. The other one doesn't like anything with a carbohydrate in it. You know: potatoes, pasta, or bread.
Neither one will eat a veggie. If it's green (especially leafy) they aren't touching it. No matter how you dress it up. I know the trick of putting cheese on it but wait … you'll soon understand.
Keep in mind it's not just types of foods, it's textures too. For example, they both say yes to apples but one says no to applesauce and the other enjoys it from time to time.
I have one who avoids dairy. While the other loves yogurt and creamy ice cream. I mean we can't even order pizza because melted cheese "freaks out" the dairy hater. And that means no cheese on veggies.
You may be surprised to know that they will eat a number of beans and legumes. Not typical for kids or at least in my experience.
Now we haven't even talked about allergies. One who can eat anything as far as we know. And one who can't have any type of nut and had a reaction to crab legs so we're avoiding sea food with him in general.
Do you see what I'm faced with? The easy meals that satisfied me as a child won't fly with my kids. No Kraft Mac and Cheese (even if it's the cheesiest). No PB&J sandwiches. You can have the J but then we have to deal with the bread issue. No fish sticks. Oh and they aren't big on hot dogs.
Tell me, how do you create a home cooked dinner that meets the needs of these picky palates? You don't. So I don't. I've stopped trying. Instead I make them vote and negotiate amongst themselves about dinner options. This technique has its own challenges.
But once they agree, I deliver and then come home to eat whatever flavor of cereal we have; usually Frosted Flakes but lately Coco Puffs or Lucky Charms.
Cereal? It's what's for dinner.
As I run into people I haven't seen in a while they all make similar comments: "You've lost a lot of weight." And I consider it a compliment. I don't mind hearing it. Some people even have attitude about it. Like this is a personal affront to them.
Regardless, I am not trying to lose weight. Sorry … I'm not. Dropping pounds and inches isn't on my radar in a proactive way. That's not why I'm eating cereal for dinner.
Even though some may say (including my husband) that I've given parenting control to the kids, I like to think of it as choosing my battles. They eat but they have to decide and practice negotiation. They eat things that they like so we don't argue (as much).
And I have the added benefit of weight loss and maintenance as a result. I wouldn't necessarily recommend this method.
Maybe I am on a special diet! But if you have advice on meal options for my picky family, please let me know!


40% of children younger than 3 have never been to the dentist.
Taking your little one to the dentist puts your child on the right track for a strong and healthy smile. Babies should see the dentist within six months of their first tooth and no later than their first birthday, according to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. This early visit sets the foundation for good oral health so your child can avoid problems such as cavities down the road.
Only 60% of children playing fall and winter sports wear mouth guards.
Popping in a mouth guard before hitting the field is one of the best ways to keep your teeth safe. Mouth guards are specifically designed to protect teeth from trauma and the jaw from fractures. They also help minimize lacerated and bruised lips and cheeks. All young athletes should wear properly fitted mouth guards when playing contact or collision sports like basketball, skiing, soccer and hockey.
3 out of 4 millennials only brush their teeth once a day.
Brushing with fluoride toothpaste twice a day for two minutes is essential for preventing tooth decay and gum disease. If you brush only once a day, you expose your teeth to harmful bacteria for longer periods, increasing your risk of cavities. Plus, you don't get the chance to remove plaque buildup, giving it a higher likelihood of turning into tartar.
42% of adults report visiting the dentist less than once every year.
Only your dentist or dental hygienist can remove tartar buildup. Because tartar causes cavities and gum disease, protecting your teeth and gums requires regular dental visits. Dentists also play a key role in preventing oral health issues or spotting them early so you avoid more complicated issues later.


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Wonder woman 1984 unveils new poster and confirms new trailer for DC Fandome
August 22, 2020 Chronos
Ahead of today's panel at DC FanDome for Wonder Woman 1984, Warner Bros has released two new posters, and confirms that we will see a new preview.
Warner Bros has set the release date for Wonder Woman 1984 for October 2, and the marketing campaign is finally gaining momentum again. Today, the DC Fan Dome begins with a panel dedicated to the film, and now we have two new posters in advance.
Once again, bright colors that bring back memories of the 1980s stand out in the creatives, featuring Gal Gadot's Diana Prince once again in the stunning Gold armor.
Wonder Woman is also wearing it in the new poster for Patty Jenkins' sequel, and we hope we like today's trailer. The hope among fans is that it will finally show the Cheetah look, as we still haven't seen the villain outside of some Funko Pops, leaked promo art, and the odd toy.
Of course, there is a possibility that Warner Bros is saving that for the movie, but it almost seems pointless at this stage given the amount of Wonder Woman 1984 content that is circulating.
You can see the posters below:
OMFG minding my own business watching TV and randomly there's a brand new commercial for # WonderWoman1984!!!!! And I'm freaking out # ww84 #DCFanDome pic.twitter.com/UPfQhfdnFN
– W✪NDERB✪Y84 (@WonderboyLB) August 21, 2020
In Wonder Woman 1984, director Patty Jenkins returns to command and Gal Gadot reprises the title role. It is the continuation that Warner Bros. Pictures makes from the first film that starred the DC Superhero in "Wonder Woman" in 2017 and that broke records, with 822 million dollars at the box office worldwide. The film also stars Chris Pine as Steve Trevor, Kristen Wiig as Cheetah, Pedro Pascal as Max Lord, Robin Wright as Antiope, and Connie Nielsen as Hippolyta.
Charles Roven, Deborah Snyder, Zack Snyder, Patty Jenkins, Gal Gadot and Stephen Jones are producing the film. Rebecca Steel Roven Oakley, Richard Suckle, Marianne Jenkins, Geoff Johns, Walter Hamada, Chantal Nong Vo and Wesley Coller serve as executive producers.
Patty Jenkins is directing the film from a script she has written with Geoff Johns & David Callaham, with a Jenkins & Johns story and based on DC characters. The director once again has several members of the "Wonder Woman" team, including director of photography Matthew Jensen, Oscar-nominated production designer Aline Bonetto ("Amélie") and Oscar-winning costume designer Lindy Hemming ("Topsy-Turvy"). Editing is by Oscar-nominated Richard Pearson ("United 93 (Flight 93)"). The music is the work of Oscar-winning composer Hans Zimmer ("Dunkerque," "The Lion King").
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1. That even starting from nowhere, going nowhere else, still simply the numbering of things creates a sense of movement. An illusion… as innocent as a painted backdrop hand-winched along outside the window of a train in an early motion picture.
2. That I catch myself believing that's what they did – the hand-winching, I mean – because I've written it, though I don't have a shred of evidence.
3. That this too is a kind of movie. Stop-motion animation of a thought like Play-Doh or Plasticine.
4. That human figures made from Plasticine or Play-Doh, from beach sand or mud, grow naturally between our fingers, where they have a kind of life.
5. That somewhere a mullah might even now be denouncing a child for doing that thing, unthinking, with blasphemous hands.
6. That God might, secretly, be eaten up with fondness, at the sight of these blunt malformed child-made creatures. Sad too, knowing that they cannot be allowed to live.
7. That somewhere in the floodplain mud, the alluvium, just outside the city, where the shanties go up, is a lump that desires to be golem.
8. That it was people's crying out for order, in unformed mud-voices, that set the golem's mud-tread going in the alleys of Prague.
9. That Golem, in his off hours, must have dreamed of river beds. Or been afraid to sleep, always hearing the drying and trickling away of his skin.
10. That the mullah too wants to get some order into the sticky, the palpable world. For its own good.
11. That, equally, a monk might nail a numbered list of theses to a door, thud, thud, and hear the echoes spreading like the tread of boots.
12. That form is always, in God's eye, reformation. And creation always recreation.
13. That the rabbi of Prague too watched his hands at their work, and wondered what was being done.
14. That a word breathed in to it made all the difference.
15. That in the breath of 'thesis', melting one way into 'this is' and the other into 'these', we already have a hint of number.
16. That verse was born from voice-mud, in the hands of recreation, with a hint of number, with a hint of tread.
17. That Thesis and Antithesis were a marriage made in Heaven, or in Hegel. Ask their only child, Syn.
19. That each poor bare forked and early Play-Doh figure is somebody's niece or nephew or great-great-grandchild's thought nearly conceiving what it is.
20. That to give a child a doll too lifelike, too eyelash-blinking-perfect, is uncanny. Too made already. Too far from the true cloth or true plastic, let alone true mud.
21. That now CGI can seamlessly make seem such perfect monsters, we maybe have to hand-winch the backdrop, as clunky as this, or get clumsy as toddlers, just to reassert a sense of what is true.


Worldpuzzle.org website is scored 480 1Pagerank.com points (1PRS) and has a global traffic ranking of 743,122 in the world. This website Google PageRank is 5 out of maximum 10 and its estimated worth is about $ 960.00. It has potential to earn online around $ 4.00 US Dollar daily. Worldpuzzle.org was registered 1 decade 9 years ago (2000-01-13) and is hosted in Hlavni Mesto Praha, Prague, Czech Republic. As no recently active internet threats were reported, Worldpuzzle.org is probably SAFE to browse.
The World Puzzle Federation is an international organization dedicated to puzzles. It follows the Olympic standard, and brings together puzzlers from around the world for the annual World Puzzle Championship.


text:
Serious MLB Uni Number Geekfest on Tap Today
Good morning! A bunch of different uni-numerical storylines will be colliding on the baseball diamond today. This is the kind of trivia-nerd bonanza that totally pushes my buttons, so I'm excited to tell you all about it.
Let's start with something I completely missed earlier in the week: Right-handed pitcher Luis Patiño started Monday night's game for the Rays. He lasted only 13 pitches before exiting with an injury, but that was enough to make him, by my count, just the third pitcher in MLB history to wear No. 1 (following Matt Young of the 1990 Mariners and Shun Yamaguchi of the 2020 Blue Jays).
I didn't realize that Patiño, who wore No. 61 last year, had switched to No. 1 this season. I had expected that Padres prospect MacKenzie Gore, who also wears No. 1 and was widely expected to be called up at some point this season, would have the distinction of being MLB's third 1-clad pitcher. But Patiño has now leapfrogged ahead of Gore.
And that's where it gets interesting: Gore just got called up yesterday (as expected, he's been assigned No. 1) and is slated to make his MLB debut tonight for San Diego, replacing the injured Blake Snell. So he'll become the fourth pitcher to wear No. 1 (and the second this week!). Moreover, Snell wears No. 4, so Gore taking Snell's rotation spot is the rare case of a single-digitized pitcher being replaced by another single-digitized pitcher.
Or at least that's what would be happening if Gore was making his debut on any other day. But today is Jackie Day, so Gore will be wearing No. 42 for tonight's game! He'll have to wait for his next turn in the rotation to become the fourth 1-clad pitcher.
But what if he doesn't get another turn in the rotation? What if Gore, like Patiño, suffers an injury? I don't want to jinx him, but what if he somehow blows out his arm and never pitches again after tonight's game? How would he be listed in the all-time baseball register and on baseball-reference.com? Would they show him wearing No. 1, because that's his assigned roster number, even though he never actually wore that number on the field?
That leads to an intriguing question: Since 2007, when players began wearing No. 42 on Jackie Day, has any player ever made his only MLB appearance on Jackie Day, so the only number he ever wore in the bigs was 42? According to baseball-reference.com's "Cup of Coffee" page, no player since 2007 has had his only MLB appearance on April 15, so the preliminary answer would appear to be no.
But! In many instances, teams have held their Jackie Day events on some other date, usually because they had an off-day or a rainout on April 15. In 2009, for example, the Nats/Phils game scheduled for April 15 was rained out, so the two teams wore 42 in the second game of a doubleheader on May 16. And in the pandemic-shortened 2020 season, Jackie Day was on Aug. 28!
So it's possible that a player could have had his 42-clad cup of coffee on any number of dates other than April 15. In order to research this properly, we'd have to determine the dates of all of those non-April 15 Jackie Days that various teams have observed since 2007 (that in itself would be a challenge) and then cross-reference those dates with the "Cup of Coffee" listings. Anyone want to tackle that one?
Anyway: Today is Jackie Day, with all uniformed personnel wearing No. 42. At least two teams — the Mets and Red Sox — will be playing their first home games today, so there'll be some extra pageantry at their ballparks. Enjoy the 42-fest, and condolences in advance to reader Mark in Shiga for all vertically misaligned numbers.
(My thanks to Ross Winkler for bringing Patiño's new number to my attention.)
Bulletin reminder: When you see a banner hanging from the rafters, do you ever wonder how it got made? My Bulletin article this week is an exclusive interview with the CEO of Oxford Pennant, the Buffalo-based company that made the latest banner for the Sabres. It's a really fun interview, full of fascinating info about banner production — I think you'll enjoy it a lot!
My premium subscribers can read this article here. If you haven't yet subscribed, you can do that here (you'll need a Facebook account in order to pay). Don't have or want a Facebook account? Email me for workaround info. Thanks!
Dove nest update: Caught a glimpse of the babies this morning during a shift change. They're definitely getting bigger!
Something I've been meaning to mention: Suction cups are amazing! That feeder has been mounted on the window for the better part of a year, through all kinds of weather, with various birds coming and going, but it remains firmly in place. Impressive!
Baseball News: It wasn't obvious in the reveal photos, but the Astros' City Connect hats are a much lighter shade of blue than their standard caps (from Ashly Elam). … Mr. and Mrs. Met are still wearing last year's Tom Seaver memorial patch (from Ryan Kelly). … Anyone notice anything weird with Jeff Francoeur's portrait on his 2007 Gold Glove Award? … Following up on an item from yesterday: After former A's P Dave Stewart expressed frustration about the team's abortive plans to retiree his No. 34, the A's said they'll definitely do it this year although a date hasn't yet been picked (thanks, Brinke). … Gross: The Akron RubberDucks, Double-A affiliates of the Guardians and champions of Double-A East last year, have received their championship rings, whose design includes an ad from an energy company (from Sean Spitzer). … The Nashua Silver Knights of the Futures Collegiate Baseball League will wear these absurd unis for Monday home games, Memorial Day, and Independence Day (from @JMStone79). … Nebraska players wore batting helmet decals commemorating the 75th anniversary of Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier.
NFL News: Not sure if this is a rendering issue, a retail-only change, or an actual on-field change, but the retail listings for Bills' jerseys have removed the navy number outline on both the home and road jerseys (from Scott Allen). … Here's a fun retro NFL logo quiz (from Max Weintraub).
College/High School Football News: Florida has BFBS unis in the works, probably for 2023 (thanks, Phil). … Also from Phil, Ohio State will honor Dwayne Haskins, who died last weekend, with a helmet decal during their spring game, among other gestures.
Hockey News: It's always fun to see the Cooperalls in action, and Jeff Wilk sends along about 25 seconds' worth here.
NBA News: After getting a black eye in a 1988 game against the Cavs, Larry Bird wore Kareem-style goggles for a few games (from a reader who prefers to remain anonymous). … A 1985 Suns old-timers game featured an ad on the players' shorts (from A.E.T. Kron).
Soccer News: Adidas is apparently looking into dropping the wordmark from their logo, especially on soccer kits (thanks, Brinke). … Lansing Common FC, a team in the Midwest Premier League, have unveiled some pretty wild kits. I dig them! (From Geoff Sykes.) … The following are all from Kary Klismet: New away kits for Peruvian club Sporting Cristal. … New kits for Grêmio of Brazil's Série A. … New kits for Ponte Preta of Brazil's Série B.
Grab Bag: Guitar Center, after decades of pretending that a guitar looks like a "G," has finally added a "G" to their logo (from multiple readers). … New logos for the Kenosha (Wis.) Unified School District (from Geoff Poole). … New athletics logos for Greenville (Mich.) Public Schools. "No word on whether they worked out a licensing arrangement with Georgia Tech to use that Yellow Jacket mascot," says Kary Klismet. … Also from Kary, A British rail workers' union has called on the Avanti West Coast trainline to recall flimsy new staff uniforms that the union describes as "see-through." … Here's a rarity: cornhole uniforms (from Ben Weber).
Raffle results: Our latest raffle winner is Daniel Beaulac, who's won himself a Uni Watch membership card. Congrats to him, and thanks again to Noah Sidel for sponsoring this one.
Happy Good Friday and Passover to all who are observing today and tonight, respectively, and happy Easter to all who'll be observing on Sunday.
That'll do it for me for this week. Stay well, enjoy Phil's weekend content, and I'll see you back here on Monday. Peace. — Paul
MLB Uni Numbers
It's amazing what a big difference a little change can make. Removing the dark outline from the Bills' numbers is a massive upgrade. Never understood why they had it there in the first place, as they more or less went back to the Jim Kelly-era jerseys, and they did not have the dark outline. The red outline really pops between the blue numbers and the white jersey.
I hope that Bills jersey is what they wear on the field. The navy outlining is maybe the worst thing about their current Uni set. Unless it's the silly tapered helmet stripe. Fix those two things and the Uni is pretty much perfect.
Josh Petty says:
Not only is the cap logo on Francoeur's gold glove backward, but is he also wearing a vest?
Fun coincidence for me in the Ticker today. I'm an Ohio State alumnus, married to a woman from Buffalo, currently living in Nashua, NH. It's neat to see the Buckeyes, Bills, and Silver Knights all mentioned in the same day.
R. Scott Rogers says:
I'd love to see the new Astros cap photographed next to a Brewers cap (or are the Guardians still using New Era's "light navy" fabric?). Is it dark royal or light navy, or is New Era using a new base fabric here?
My eyes are attuned to subtle differences in blue, and I can quickly distinguish between dark blue and navy blue. Navy blue is *practically* black; it is very neutral. Dark blue looks more saturated and appears blue at first blush. Bosox and Yanks are navy: Rays and Brewers are dark blue. Twins and Guardians have a reputation for mixing their blue accessories, a frustrating habit. The Astros' orange hat (which I'm pretty sure is no longer a part of their uniform) has a faceted star rendered in navy and dark blue thread.
Joel Frank says:
For the "cup of coffee" question, in 2014 the Orioles/Rays game on Jackie Robinson Day was rained out so the game took place on April 16th.
Mark in Shiga says:
Pedro Strop rejoined the Cubs a year ago but only got into two games. In one of them, he wore the number 64 (having done the reverse-digits thing with 46 being taken by Craig Kimbrel) but the other game was Robinson Day so he wore 42.
Even if no one ever wore 42 for his only-ever major league game, there could be players who wore it for their only game in a particular year for a particular team, with the regular jersey prepared for him never being used.
Rob S UW+ STAFF says:
That retro NFL logo quiz provided very little challenge, since it seems to have just generated random incorrect responses that just make the correct answer more obvious. It doesn't help that certain logos have the team name written out, and weren't blurred out or anything to add to the challenge. In fact, I'm willing to bet the logos were just lifted straight from Chris Creamer's website.
It also didn't help that there were so many freaking ads on the page. Ads between the logo and the responses, ads between the responses and the continue button, and they don't always load in fast enough, so you might click a response but the page suddenly shifts and you just actually clicked on an ad… ugh. If there's a question limit, I gave up before reaching it. If the ads were just contained on the sides and didn't interfere with the content like that, it wouldn't have bothered me as much.
There were 50 questions. I am assuming anyone who reads this site scored 50/50.
Zac Neubauer says:
The Guardians first home opener is today so it won't be until tomorrow that we see their new home uni numbers.
Johnny V UW+ STAFF says:
Thanks for getting me stuck on the Cup of Coffee list again!
As someone who daydreams about quitting their corporate job and opening a cafe (but never will), my imaginary cafe would have one day dedicated to everyone on the list, which would take over 4 years.
Better than seeing the Cooperalls for a few moments was hearing Gene Hart do a game again. I know those videos always available, but I don't think if it often. Thanks.
Regarding the Akron RubberDucks' championship rings, it's doubly gross because the ad is for the energy company behind this: link
I do not think they are player rings however.
On the 16th, the RubberDucks are having a give away replica rings (part of a delayed home opener) and fireworks sponsored by FirstEnergy.
So, not as bad as we thought.
link is a link to the article I found on this subject.
Or, part of a scheduled doubleheader, because, reading comprehension needs to be my friend
JDHokie says:
I'm not the most strict Catholic around, but "Happy" Good Friday is a little tone deaf. I'm sure no offense was intended, but I thought I'd point it out for future reference.
I'm not either, but I take no offense at someone saying Happy Good Friday. Without a Good Friday, there's no Easter Sunday.
Special K says:
I, for one, am very happy that Jesus died for my sins on Good Friday.
Johnny says:
My take on Greenville using Georgia Tech's yellowjacket logo.
Marcus from Baltimore UW+ STAFF says:
I prefer baseball jerseys to have some sort of number on front. It will be odd to see all the teams with NNumberOF.
Hit the Glass says:
Grêmio is on Série B, Paul
Danny K says:
A cool byproduct of Jackie day happening at this point in the season is that there are two matchups (Guardians-Giants and Cubs-Rockies) where both teams are 4 and 2


text:
Home >> News: July 21st, 2014 >> Story
RUAG Space—Breaking Up Is Hard To Do... Until Now... (Spacecraft—Instrument)
[SatNews] The European space freighter "Georges Lemaître" is ready for its trip to the International Space Station ISS.
An Ariane 5 rocket is scheduled to carry the ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle) into space on July 2th. RUAG supplied numerous assemblies for this, the last of the five European ATVs, as well as a camera that will record the freighter's re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.
A special version of the European Ariane 5 launcher will carry "Georges Lemaître" into space. In a fully automated maneuver, "Georges Lemaître" is then scheduled to dock with the ISS's Russian Zvezda module on August 12th. The unmanned transporter will deliver a total of 6.6 tons of cargo to the ISS, bringing scientific equipment and fuel for the station as well as food and water for the astronauts on board. "Georges Lemaître" will remain docked with the ISS for approximately one-half a year. During that time, the ATV will function as a storage area as well as will use its engines to help the ISS—which slows and sinks over time—to accelerate again and reach a higher orbit. At the end of its service life, "Georges Lemaître" will become a cosmic waste incinerator: the astronauts will fill their trash into the ATV, which will then undock and burn up upon re-entering Earth's atmosphere.
Photo of the "ATV Breakup Camera." Photo is courtesy of RUAG Space.
This reentry will be recorded by an infrared camera built by RUAG Space. What has been dubbed the "ATV Breakup Camera" is to document how the ATV's interior structure heats up before frictional heat and air resistance cause the craft to break and burn up. Right up until the point at which the camera itself is destroyed as it reenters our atmosphere, the camera will maintain a feed of images to a communication unit. This unit is encased in a spherical ceramic shield that will protect it from the extreme heat. Before this ceramic ball plunges into the ocean, the unit inside will transmit the video footage to Earth via the Iridium network of communications satellites. RUAG Space will collaborate with ETH Zurich to evaluate the images.
The expectation is that the video footage will provide insight into exactly what happens when a large spacecraft breaks up. The knowledge gained will also help to build large satellites and spacecraft is such a way that they burn up completely upon re-entering the Earth's atmosphere at the end of their service lives.
RUAG Space also played a key role in developing and constructing the ATV, having developed and built the framework for the propulsion module. This complex aluminium structure is the backbone around which the ATV is built. RUAG Space was also responsible for manufacturing eight cargo racks. The company's Swedish subsidiary, RUAG Space AB, supplied the ATV's Monitoring and Safing Unit. This highly reliable computer oversees the safety of the autonomous docking maneuver.
The RUAG Space infosite may be accessed at http://www.ruag.com/


OFFERS ARE DUE LATEST FRIDAY, APR 05, 2019 – 1100 HRS ET. LATE OFFERS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
RUSF: RATES REQUESTED BSS USD PER TEU & FEU ALL-INCLUSIVE.
*FOR THIS PARTICULAR PRODUCT, OFFERS BASIS FOOD-GRADE CONTAINERS A/O FGIS INSPECTED CONTAINERS ARE ACCEPTABLE.
OFFERS BSS FCL ARE SUBJECT TO WFP BOOKING NOTE (JAN 01, 2005), AS AMENDED.
*WFP REQUESTS SWB's BE ISSUED IN LIEU OF OBL's.


FWIW, we use SuperDuper at work and are happy with it.
>> Is clonezilla what your looking for?
> issues but for incomprehensible reasons isn't present on many UNIX systems.
> with the test results in the first two articles.
> you don't back up your mac already, USE ONE!
> branded-drives) come with OS X backup software preloaded.


1. the outer boundary, esp. of a circular area; perimeter: The circumference of a circle is equal to π times the diameter.
2. the length of such a boundary.
a. The boundary line of a circle.
b. The boundary line of a figure, area, or object.
2. circumference - the boundary line encompassing an area or object; "he had walked the full circumference of his land"; "a danger to all races over the whole circumference of the globe"
ambit, circuit, compass, perimeter, periphery.


text:
#ifndef HTMLPreloadScanner_h
#define HTMLPreloadScanner_h

#include "core/CoreExport.h"
#include "core/css/MediaValues.h"
#include "core/dom/ViewportDescription.h"
#include "core/html/parser/CSSPreloadScanner.h"
#include "core/html/parser/CompactHTMLToken.h"
#include "core/html/parser/HTMLToken.h"
#include "platform/text/SegmentedString.h"
#include "wtf/RefCounted.h"
#include "wtf/Vector.h"

namespace blink {

typedef size_t TokenPreloadScannerCheckpoint;

class HTMLParserOptions;
class HTMLTokenizer;
class SegmentedString;

struct CORE_EXPORT CachedDocumentParameters {
    static PassOwnPtr<CachedDocumentParameters> create(Document* document, PassRefPtr<MediaValues> mediaValues = nullptr)
    {
        return adoptPtr(new CachedDocumentParameters(document, mediaValues));
    }

    bool doHtmlPreloadScanning;
    RefPtr<MediaValues> mediaValues;
    Length defaultViewportMinWidth;
    bool viewportMetaZeroValuesQuirk;
    bool viewportMetaEnabled;

private:
    CachedDocumentParameters(Document*, PassRefPtr<MediaValues>);
};

class TokenPreloadScanner {
    WTF_MAKE_NONCOPYABLE(TokenPreloadScanner); WTF_MAKE_FAST_ALLOCATED(TokenPreloadScanner);
public:
    TokenPreloadScanner(const KURL& documentURL, PassOwnPtr<CachedDocumentParameters>);
    ~TokenPreloadScanner();

    void scan(const HTMLToken&, const SegmentedString&, PreloadRequestStream& requests);
    void scan(const CompactHTMLToken&, const SegmentedString&, PreloadRequestStream& requests);

    void setPredictedBaseElementURL(const KURL& url) { m_predictedBaseElementURL = url; }

    // A TokenPreloadScannerCheckpoint is valid until the next call to rewindTo,
    // at which point all outstanding checkpoints are invalidated.
    TokenPreloadScannerCheckpoint createCheckpoint();
    void rewindTo(TokenPreloadScannerCheckpoint);

    bool isSafeToSendToAnotherThread()
    {
        return m_documentURL.isSafeToSendToAnotherThread()
            && m_predictedBaseElementURL.isSafeToSendToAnotherThread();
    }

private:
    class StartTagScanner;

    template<typename Token>
    inline void scanCommon(const Token&, const SegmentedString&, PreloadRequestStream& requests);

    template<typename Token>
    void updatePredictedBaseURL(const Token&);

    struct Checkpoint {
        Checkpoint(const KURL& predictedBaseElementURL, bool inStyle, bool isAppCacheEnabled, bool isCSPEnabled, size_t templateCount)
            : predictedBaseElementURL(predictedBaseElementURL)
            , inStyle(inStyle)
            , isAppCacheEnabled(isAppCacheEnabled)
            , isCSPEnabled(isCSPEnabled)
            , templateCount(templateCount)
        {
        }

        KURL predictedBaseElementURL;
        bool inStyle;
        bool isAppCacheEnabled;
        bool isCSPEnabled;
        size_t templateCount;
    };

    struct PictureData {
        PictureData()
            : sourceSize(0.0)
            , sourceSizeSet(false)
            , picked(false)
        {
        }
        String sourceURL;
        float sourceSize;
        bool sourceSizeSet;
        bool picked;
    };

    CSSPreloadScanner m_cssScanner;
    const KURL m_documentURL;
    KURL m_predictedBaseElementURL;
    bool m_inStyle;
    bool m_inPicture;
    bool m_isAppCacheEnabled;
    bool m_isCSPEnabled;
    PictureData m_pictureData;
    size_t m_templateCount;
    OwnPtr<CachedDocumentParameters> m_documentParameters;
    ClientHintsPreferences m_clientHintsPreferences;

    Vector<Checkpoint> m_checkpoints;
};

class CORE_EXPORT HTMLPreloadScanner {
    WTF_MAKE_NONCOPYABLE(HTMLPreloadScanner); WTF_MAKE_FAST_ALLOCATED(HTMLPreloadScanner);
public:
    static PassOwnPtr<HTMLPreloadScanner> create(const HTMLParserOptions& options, const KURL& documentURL, PassOwnPtr<CachedDocumentParameters> documentParameters)
    {
        return adoptPtr(new HTMLPreloadScanner(options, documentURL, documentParameters));
    }

    HTMLPreloadScanner(const HTMLParserOptions&, const KURL& documentURL, PassOwnPtr<CachedDocumentParameters>);
    ~HTMLPreloadScanner();

    void appendToEnd(const SegmentedString&);
    void scan(ResourcePreloader*, const KURL& documentBaseElementURL);

private:
    TokenPreloadScanner m_scanner;
    SegmentedString m_source;
    HTMLToken m_token;
    OwnPtr<HTMLTokenizer> m_tokenizer;
};

}

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tim Howe
Sen. Shelby to NASA administrator on Marshall Space Flight Center's SLS: 'What's important is to build that rocket and build it right'
Sen. Richard Shelby (R-AL) received confirmation this week that Space Launch System (SLS) will be the rocket propelling Americans to the moon in 2024.
SLS is a specialized launch vehicle designed, developed and managed by Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville. SLS has been billed as the only rocket powerful enough to carry the Orion spacecraft, astronauts and supplies to the moon in one launch.
Shelby gained the assurance from NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine at a Commerce, Justice and Science (CJS) subcommittee hearing on NASA's budget. CJS is a subcommittee of the powerful Senate Committee on Appropriations chaired by Shelby.
Having stated his belief in a "unified and clear direction" for those involved in sending American astronauts to the moon, Shelby voiced his concern about comments made by Bridenstine, previously.
"Ambiguity on options and the program I think only detracts from a lot of these efforts, and some of the recent comments made by you and others have arguably created confusion," Shelby stated. "It has with me."
The senior senator from Alabama then provided Bridenstine with an opportunity to express his views on SLS.
"We have looked at options and we have determined that the only option where we are going to be able to put humans on the surface of the moon in 2024, which is my mandate, is to utilize the SLS," Bridenstine said. "Which will be, by far, the most powerful rocket in the American inventory. Nothing, in fact in the world, nothing comes close."
Bridenstine also agreed with Shelby that SLS can be employed for other missions.
He pointed to travel to Europa, a moon around Jupiter. He explained that SLS can cut down travel time to Europa from seven years to three and a half years.
"It's very capable asset for the United States of America," Bridenstine added. "It's really the only rocket that we're going to have capable of taking our humans to the moon by 2024."
"What's important is to build that rocket and build it right," concluded Shelby.
Bridenstine agreed.
Glad to hear @NASA Administrator @JimBridenstine confirm that #SLS is the only launch vehicle capable of achieving a successful crewed lunar landing mission in 2024. I look forward to working with him to make this happen. https://t.co/zkhbicZPIf
— Richard Shelby (@SenShelby) May 2, 2019
A variety of essential SLS components are being built by Alabama companies, according to NASA:
The Boeing Company in Huntsville is building the SLS core stage … Teledyne Brown Engineering of Huntsville, Alabama has built the launch vehicle stage adapter that will connect SLS's core stage to the upper part of the rocket … The initial capability to propel Orion out of Earth's orbit for Block 1 will come from the ICPS, based on the Delta Cryogenic Second Stage used successfully on [Decatur, Alabama] United Launch Alliance's Delta IV family of rockets.
Tim Howe is an owner and editor of Yellowhammer News


text:
Q: Deducing Cauchy-Riemann equations from directional derivative equation Let $E\subset \mathbb{C}$ be an open set and $f:E\to\mathbb{C}$ be a function. Let $S:=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:\left|z \right|=1\}$ be a circle in the complex plane. Then we can show that if $w\in \mathbb{C}$, then the directional derivative at $z$ in the direction $w$ satisfies the following equality:
$$ D_w f(z) = f'(z)w  $$.
Now, I've been trying to deduce the Cauchy-Riemann equations from this, albeit unsuccessfully.

My attempt:

Let $f=u+iv=(u,v)$ for $u(x,y), v(x,y)$ some real functions in $\mathbb{R}^2$. Then the derivative of $f$ at $(x,y)$ is given by
\begin{bmatrix}
u_x & u_y\\
v_x & v_y
\end{bmatrix}
So, $$f'(z)w = \begin{bmatrix}
u_x & u_y\\
v_x & v_y
\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}
x\\
y
\end{bmatrix},$$
where $x^2+y^2=1$.
Unfortunately, I have no idea how to proceed from there. I believe there should be some property related directional derivatives, which would allow to proceed to the end.
I would definitely appreciate a hint.

A: Write $f'(z) = a + ib$, so that for each $w=x +iy$ we have $$f'(z)w = (ax - by) + i(ay+bx) = (xu_x + yu_y) + i(xv_x + yv_y).$$
Equating components we get $$ax-by = xu_x + yu_y$$ and $$ay+bx = xv_x + yv_y.$$
Since this must be true for all $w$, we can equate components of $x,y$, yielding the equations $ a = u_x = v_y$ and $b = v_x = -u_y$ as desired.

A: Let $f=u(x,y)+iv(x,y)$ be a differential function with directional derivative
$$D_wf(z)=f'(z)w$$
and $w_1=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta)$, $w_2=(-\sin\theta,\cos\theta)$ be unit perpendicular vectors. $f$ is differentiable so $D_{w_1}f(z)=D_{w_2}f(z)$, this induce that $\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial {w_1}}=\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial {w_2}}$ and $\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial {w_2}}=\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial {w_1}}$ which by simplifying, from the first, we have
$$u_x(-\sin\theta)+u_y(\cos\theta)=v_x(-\cos\theta)+v_y(-\sin\theta)\hspace{1cm};\hspace{1cm}\forall\theta$$
This leads us to Cauchy-Riemann equations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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WHAT? Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif are Back Together!


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text:
Q: NestedScrollView could not scroll with match_parent height child I implement NonSwipeableViewPager with a fragment has NestedScrollView like this, what I expect is that the scrollview can scroll up and show 2 textviews:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fillViewport="true">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <RelativeLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">

            <include
                android:id="@+id/header"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                layout="@layout/header" />

            <ImageView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
                android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
                android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
                android:src="@drawable/ic_up" />

        </RelativeLayout>

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Text 1" />

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Text 2" />

    </LinearLayout>

</android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>

But it could not scroll, I tried many ways but still did not get any solution

A: For me it worked when i added "android:layout_marginBottom="100dp"" for last child in androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView

A: In my case   app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" this is working only if some one face problem will be try it and may be solve your problem too. you should add also android:fillViewport="true" but without this my code working.
 <android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fillViewport="true"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:background="@drawable/subscription_background"
    app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">

A: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fillViewport="true">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

This linearlayout should have android:layout_height="wrap_content".
Reason for that is that if the scrollview's child is the same size as the scrollview itself (both match_parent for height) it means that there is nothing to scroll through, since they are of same size and the scrollview will only be as high as the screen.
If the linearlayout has a height of wrap_content then the height is not related to the height of the screen and the scrollview will be able to scroll through it.
Just remember that a scrollview can only have 1 direct child, and that child needs android:layout_height="wrap_content"

A: if you have used netedscrollview as follow you have to use
android:scrollbars="vertical"
<androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/toolbar_updateUserDetails"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    android:fillViewport="true">
<LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:scrollbars="vertical"
        >
</LinearLayout>
</androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView>

A: You have to calculate your other child because last child binding on nestedScrollView. You add margin like child height. It is working.


Evan Smith is the CEO and co-founder of The Texas Tribune, a pioneering nonprofit, nonpartisan digital news organization whose deep coverage of Texas politics and public policy can be found at its website, texastribune.org, and in newspapers and on TV and radio stations across the state. Since its launch in 2009, the Tribune has won international acclaim and numerous honors, including a Peabody Award, sixteen national Edward R. Murrow Awards from the Radio Television Digital News Association and three general excellence awards from the Online News Association. Evan is also the host of "Overheard with Evan Smith," a weekly half-hour interview program that airs on PBS stations around the country.
Evan will chair the panel "Covering an online president: White House press corps in the age of Twitter" on Saturday, April 13, 2019 at 4:45 p.m.


A dear friend of mine, Megan Stover, has just lost her father, Patrick James Nielsen, in an incredibly unexpected home accident. As I learned the news my thoughts and prayers were with she and her family, specifically her mom. Having lost my husband last March unexpectedly I can empathize with her during this difficult time. Having known her family and spent time with them makes it that much more heartbreaking.
Pat was a wonderful dad and from talking with Meg I am confident he and Mary (Meg's mom) had a solid relationship build on love and trust. He would be celebrating his 53rd birthday tomorrow (September 14th). He was 1 month away from retiring from his position as Regional Commander of the Emergency Response Team. Read more about this beloved man here.
My heart aches and tears stream knowing what this family is facing. It is so difficult to lose someone unexpectedly. Even that is such an understatement. It's so surreal. You simply don't want the reality to sink in. It might come in waves and I think it's God's way of keeping us from being on grief overload. He allows only so much pain in at a time.
I am praying for Meg and her family for peace and strength that only God can give. Having experienced it myself I am confident that God will be there to comfort them.
I pray this verse does for her what it did for me, providing confidence that God is in control and is there to comfort us when we feel weak.
Thank you so much for this Stephanie. Love you.


text:
Landing Page Testing – The Ultimate Guide To Test Statistics
In this guide, I will explain three calculations that are critical to designing and evaluating your landing page tests:
How many conversions you need before you can be confident in a given landing page's conversion rate.
How to determine whether you can be confident in the results of your landing page test.
How to calculate in advance how many test versions your landing page can support, as well as how long it will take you to get to confident results.
Summary: Use In Case of Math Allergy
For those of you who overwhelmed by statistics, here are some high-level rules of thumb:
Question: How many conversions do I need before I can be confident in a given landing page's conversion rate?
Answer: Between 25 to 50 conversions are required to be somewhat confident in a given landing page's reported conversion rate.
Question: Are the results of my landing page test statistically significant?
Answer: Typically, you need 25 to 50 conversions per test version to be somewhat confident in your test results.
Question: How many test versions can my landing page support, and how long will it take me to get confident results?
Answer: Use Marketo's Online Testing Calculator! Or, take the number of conversions you get per day and divide it by 20. Then take your testing period in weeks. Multiply the two results together to get the number of versions you can confidently test in your testing period. (By the way, don't be surprised that this is higher than 25 to 50 conversions per version, since this takes into account avoiding false negatives as well as false positives).
A note about creating and testing landing pages: According to MarketingSherpa, getting landing pages built and tested is one of the top five challenges faced by B2B marketers. If you face this challenge, check out Marketo Landing Pages. It lets you easily create landing pages with no IT or code, and then automatically rotate between test versions to learn which works best.
A note about testing other things: The following calculations apply just as well to testing things besides landing pages, like ad copy or emails. Just replace "page views" with "impressions" or "emails sent", and "conversion rate" with "click through rate".
Feel free to stop here, unless you really want to dig into the statistics…
Part 1: Confidence in Individual Statistics
If after a certain number of page views (say 500) I observe that a landing page has a conversion rate of 10%, how confident can I be that the "real" value would be close to 10%? (By "real", I mean the value I would observe if I ran the test for a much longer time.) If statistically it could easily be somewhere between 0% to 20%, then I'm not confident. If it could be between 5% and 15%, I'm still not very confident. If it could be between 7.5% or 12.5%, then perhaps I can argue that I'm starting to get confident.
Therefore, for these calculations I will say that I am "confident" in a given conversion rate if there is a "sufficiently high" probability that the conversion rate I've seen so far is actually within ¼ of the "real" long-term conversion rate. Using ¼ is somewhat arbitrary; others might want to look for effects that are within 0.1 of the true rate.
There are two main ways we can calculate this, an easier way and a more accurate way. (Of course, when it comes to statistics, even the "easy" way is debatable!)
a. The Easier Way: Binomial Distributions
To calculate the confidence in a given conversion rate, we first need to estimate the standard deviation of the observed conversion rate.
Introduction to Standard Deviation
The standard deviation is often used in calculating a confidence interval. For example, let's say I run a test that with 400 page views and I get 40 conversions. In this case, the observed conversion rate is 10% with a standard deviation of 1.5% (I'll explain how I got 1.5% in a minute). A standard deviation of 1.5% means that if I had another 400 page views, then there is a 68% probability that I'd see a conversion rate somewhere between 8.5% or 11.5% and a 95% probability I'd see a rate between 7% and 13%.
Where did I get those probabilities? Given a normal distribution (which is typically a valid approximation after 10-20 conversion), there is a 68% probability of being within 1 standard deviation of the calculated rate, and 95% probability of being within 2 standard deviations. Note: You can get these numbers yourself using a probability calculator (input -1, 1 between) or enter the following formula into Excel: =NORMSDIST(Z)-NORMSDIST(-Z) (using Z=1 or Z=2) which gives the cumulative probability of being between -Z and Z standard deviations from the mean.
Now, because a conversion is a binary observation, we can use the Binomial Distribution to calculate the standard deviation. If we define that p is the conversion rate we've seen to date (known as the sample proportion or observed value) and n is the number of page views, then the standard deviation σ is equal to:
For example, if the conversion rate is 10% and we have 400 page views, the standard deviation is equal to 10.0% ± 1.50%.
Calculating Confidence Using Hypothesis Testing
Now, say we want to know the probability that our true conversion is actually within ¼ of the 10% value (i.e. between 7.5% and 12.5%) when I have 500 page views and 50 conversions (which yields a standard deviation of 1.34%). This is the same as saying, "am I confident in my observed value of 10%?".
We can test this using a hypothesis test. Basically, this means I will first try to show that the real long-term conversion rate is likely less than 12.5%, and next that is likely greater than 7.5%.
To do this, first I'll hypothesize that the real conversion rate is actually 12.5% (this is called the null hypothesis). Then I calculate the probability that I might get an observed value of 10% or less assuming the true value were 12.5%. If this is unlikely, then I can conclude that the null hypothesis is probably false (i.e. the true value is NOT 12.5%), which will lend weight to the alternative hypothesis, namely that the true conversion rate is less than 12.5%.
Got it? To calculate this probability, we use what is called a z-transformation:
where X is the "true" conversion rate, p is the calculated rate, and σ (sigma) is the standard deviation defined above.
The purpose of the z-transformation is that the probability of getting a z-value of at least 1.86 is equal to the probability of getting an observed conversion rate of 10% after 500 page views assuming the true conversion rate were 12.5%. Using =1‑NORMSDIST(Z) in Excel yields a probability of 3.1%. This tells us that there is less than a 5% chance that the null hypothesis is true. In other words, the real conversion rate is likely less than 12.5%.
However, we are not yet finished. We also need to calculate the probability that the real conversion rate is greater than 7.5%. Disproving this hypothesis will lend weight to the alternative that the true conversion rate is > 7.5%. We get the inverse of the last calculation:
Here, the probability of getting a value less than 7.5% is also 3.1%.
To finish, what is the probability of getting a Z value greater than -1.86 AND less than 1.86? This is given by the area between our test statistics: NORMSDIST(Z) – NORMSDIST(-Z) = 93.8%.
Put more simply, given the fact that the observed conversion rate was 10% after 500 page views, there is a 93.8% probability that the true conversion rate is between 7.5% and 12.5%.
There are different standards about what probability we need to be confident (aka "confidence level"). The choice depends on the cost of being wrong. In a drug test, being wrong can kill people so researchers aim for 99.99% confidence. In general statistics, researchers aim for 95%. In marketing, being wrong means we may lose a some money, but nobody gets hurt. So for our purposes, we'll say that 80% confidence is acceptable. Our p-value of 93.8% is above this critical value, so we conclude that we ARE confident that the true conversion rate is between 7.5% and 12.5%.
RULE OF THUMB: You will reach the 80% confidence level with this approach when you have about ~25 responses. This is generally true regardless of your response rate.
b. Advanced: Chi-Square Distributions
You can skip this section unless you are a statistics purist. There is disagreement about whether Z-tests are valid for proportions (i.e. percentages), especially when the value of p is close to 0 — which can be common in marketing, especially with click through rates. A different approach that is universally accepted is to use a Chi-Square Test with Yates Correction. This approach tends to require more conversions before reaching statistical confidence.
We start with the following null hypothesis: The real click through rate is equal to 0.75 times our calculated click thru rate.
Wikipedia gives this formula for the test statistic:
where our results are as shown:
Given this, we can use the following values to test whether the "true" result is equal to 3/4 of the calculated result:
Calculating this for a conversion rate of 10% with 500 impressions, we get:
χyates = 1.66
We need to calculate the probability value (p-value) that because of chance alone we would get a value of χ as "extreme as or more extreme" than the one we got, assuming the hypothesis were true. The χ statistic "normalizes" the calculation to the Chi-Square distribution, so we just need to calculate the area to the right of the value 1.66 on that distribution. (Note: Because we are testing only one variable, we should use a One-Degree of Free Distribution.) Using a chi-square calculator or =CHIDIST(χ,1) in Excel, we get a p-value of 19.8%.
This tells us that there is a 19.8% chance the hypothesis is true, or inversely, a 80.2% chance that the real conversion is within ¼ of the one we observed.
RULE OF THUMB: Generally, regardless of the response rate, you will reach 80% confidence level with this approach when you have about ~50 responses.
Part 2: Evaluating Landing Page Test Results
In this section, I will show you how to determine whether you can be confident in the results of your landing page test (or other types of tests). Suppose I used testing to compare two landing pages against each other. Here are my observed results (so far):
Page Views (n1): 1000
Conversions: 100
Conversion Rate (p1): 10%
Page Views (n2): 800
Conversions: 64
Conversion Rate (p2): 8%
Can I be confident that landing page 1 beats landing page 2? Again, there are two ways we can calculate this, an easier way using normal distributions, and a harder way using Chi-Square.
a. Using Normal Distributions
The exact calculation we use depends on a subtle distinction about how we approached our test. This distinction will tell use whether we need to do a "one-sided test" or a "two-sided" test.
One-Sided Tests vs. Two-Sided Tests
As its name implies, a one-sided tests evaluates one thing: whether a champion landing page beats a challenger landing page. In contrast, a two-sided test evaluates two things: the likelihood that landing page 1 would beat landing page 2, as well as the likelihood landing page 2 beats landing page 1. A "two-sided" test is required if we did not hypothesize in advance whether one page (a champion) would beat the other (a challenger). Unfortunately, a two-sided test requires more conversions before it returns confident results. Note: it is not valid to simply pick the winner after the fact and call it the champion, since that introduces bias into the test.
The One-Sided Test: Champion vs. Challenger
In this example, let's say that we supposed in advance that landing page 1 was the champion, so the only thing we want to calculate is that probability that the challenger (landing page 2) might beat the champion in the long tun.
As before, we will use hypothesis testing. In a one-sided test, here are our hypotheses:
Null Hypothesis: There is no difference between the challenger and champion response rate (and the fact that we observed a difference is due to chance).
Alternative Hypothesis: The Champion has a higher response rate than the Challenger.
Again, we want to calculate the probability that the null hypothesis is true. If this has a low probability, then we can conclude that the null hypothesis is probably false and the alternative hypothesis, namely that the Champion will win in the long run, is true.
To evaluate the null hypothesis, we again need to calculate a test statistic. Here is the test statistic we will use:
Entering in the values for the champion and the challenger, we get:
Entering this z-value into =1-NORMSDIST(Z) yields a probability of 6.9%. This means there is a low probability the null hypothesis is true, or in other words, a 93.1% probability that the champion will beat the challenger. This is greater than our 80% standard, so we can confidently pick a winner.
USEFUL LINK: Split Test Calculator, Using Normal Distribution (note: this calculator uses a slightly different calculation than the one I show above).
The Two-Sided Test: Champion vs. Challenger
In this case, we still evaluate both whether landing page 1 beats landing page 2, but we also need to include the probability that landing page 2 beats landing page 1.
The first calculation, whether page 1 beats page 2, is the same as the one-sided test. The z-value will be 1.48 and the probability that page 1 beats page 2 is 93.1%.
For the second calculation, here are our hypotheses:
Null Hypothesis: There is no difference between the response rate of landing page 1 and landing page 2 (and the fact that I calculated a difference is due to chance).
Alternative Hypothesis: Landing page 2 has a higher response rate than page 1.
This generates the inverse test statistic:
This is associated with a probability of 93.1%, meaning there is only a 6.9% chance that landing page 2 will beat landing page 1.
To get the complete results of the two-sided test, we need to know the probability that the null hypothesis is false in both cases. This is equal to 93.1% – 6.9% = 86.2%. So, in conclusion, there is an 86.2% chance that the two landing pages have DIFFERENT conversion rates, meaning we can still conclude with at least an 80% standard that landing page 1 beats landing page 2.
b. Advanced: Using Chi-Square Distributions
As before, there is disagreement about the use of normal distributions for low response rates. Again, let's use the more valid Chi-Square distribution with the Yates correction. (We will again see that this approach requires more conversions to get to the same level of confidence.)
The hypotheses are the same as when we use the normal distribution, and the test statistic is calculated the same way as section 1(b):
Plugging in the same numbers as before for landing page 1 and landing page 2, we get a Chi-Square with Yates correction statistic of 1.912.
Note: The Chi-Square test is naturally a two-sided test. We can simply plug this into CHIDIST(x,1) to get a probability of 16.7%. This says there is a 16.7% that the two landing pages have the same conversion rate; or 83.3% chance they are different. Since this is above the 80% standard, we are confident we have a winner.
For a one sided test in which we had picked a champion in advance, we can divide the 16.7% probability in half to yield a 91.7% chance that the champion will beat the challenger in the long run.
USEFUL LINK: Split Test Calculator, Using Chi-Square (note, this calculator uses a 90% confidence level, so returns that the above test is not yet confident).
Part 3. How Many Landing Page Tests Can I Run?
a. Minimum Sample Size To Get Confident on Individual Statistics
We can work backward from the approach in Part 1(a) to estimate the minimum sample size needed to reach a particular level of confidence for an individual statistic. Let's say that a represents the ratio of the size of the effect we want to observe (i.e. ±25% in the previous examples). Then the general formula for the Z stat is:
If we square both sides, we get:
Solving for n gives:
If we want 80% confidence then z=1.2816. (This is because the value of 1-NORMDIST(1.2816) is 10%, and since the test is two sided, we need 1-10%-10% = 80%.) If p=10% and a=25% (like before), then we get:
This tells us that if we expect a conversion rate of 10%, then we need at least 237 page views (23.7 conversions) to be 80% confident that the observed rate is truly within 25% of the real rate.
This can also tell us how long it will take to get confident. Say that after running for 3 weeks (21 days) we have 150 impressions and 15 conversions (for an observed conversion rate of 10%). We are not yet confident in this value, but can calculate how many days it will take to get confident:
So, I need a total of 33.2 days of data, and I have 21 days, so I expect to reach confidence another 12.2 days.
b. Minimum Sample Size To Get Confident on Tests
The situation is a little more complicated if we want to calculate the minimum sample size required to be confident that we will observe a certain effect in a one-sided test between a champion and a challenger.
Let's repeat the process of starting with the formula for z and solving for n.
Our formula for z is:
Again, let's say a represents the ratio of the size of the effect we want to observe. We can therefore simplify the equation by saying that:
Let's simplify things further by saying each test version receives an equal number of page views, e.g. if the total number of page views across both versions is N, then n1=n2=N/2. Since there are two sources of variation, we use pooled standard deviation:
This gives:
Squaring gives us:
where p is the expected proportion (e.g. click through rate), a is the size of the effect we want to be able to detect (expressed as a % of p), and z is the z-value for the confidence level (alpha) we want to achieve.
Unfortunately, this formula is still incomplete since it only takes Type I error into account (aka false positives). In other words, it gives the probability that we would incorrectly see a difference between the pages when in reality there was no difference. However, we need to take Type II errors (aka false negatives) into account as well, i.e. the probability we would incorrectly say there was no difference between the pages when in reality there was a difference. This is also known as the statistical power of the test, since power measures the probability of detecting a real effect.
This means our formula becomes:
Zβ = 0, for a 50-50 chance of seeing the "effect" of the chosen size
Zβ = 0.674 for only a 25% chance of missing the effect (75% power)
For example, let's say I have two landing pages that I'm testing against each other. I expect a conversion rate of 10% but I want to be able to determine an "effect" of 2.5% (i.e. be able to detect a difference of 7.5% versus 10%). Using 80% confidence for Za and Zβ gives:
This means I need 2,595 page views (equivalent to 259 conversions), spread across the two test versions, to be confident that if I see a difference of 2.5% between my pages, then the difference is valid and real.
c. How Many Test Versions Can I Run?
Finally, we can calculate the number of test versions a given landing page can support. The z-statistic is similar to the prior section, although instead of dividing N by 2 we divide it by T, the number of test versions. Assuming we still want to do pairwise comparisons (i.e. compare one challenger to a champion), we still only have two sources of variation. This gives:
where T is the number of tests we can want to run. Solving for N, and again adding the correction for Type II errors, gives:
If I is the number of impressions per day, and D is the number of days we run the test, then N=ID. Plugging this in and solving for T gives:
and solving for T:
Alternately, I times p is the number of responses per day (e.g. clicks per day). If we say that R=I times p, we get:
So, finally we have the formula that tells us how many test versions we can run!
For example, let's assume that we have a Landing Page Test Group that gets R=20 conversions per day. Let's continue to use a=25% and p=10%, and use Za=1.28 and Zb=0.841. In this case, how many landing page test versions can we run if we want significant results within 2 weeks (D=14)? Plugging this into the formula yields 2.2 tests.
As another example, let's say that we have 4 test versions and we get 20 conversions per day. How long will it take to get valid results? Plugging in the values to the equation and solving for D gives 19.5 days.
RULE OF THUMB: Using a=25% and p=10%, and using Za=1.28 and Zb=0.841, the formula reduces to T = 0.0077 x D x R. Divide D by 7 to turn it into W (weeks). This gives:
Thus, to get the number of versions you can confidently test, take the number of conversions you get per day and divide it by 20. Then take your testing period in weeks. Multiply the two results together, and you'll estimate the number of versions you can confidently test.
Links for additional information:
http://www.statsdirect.com/help/statsdirect.htm
http://www.lucidview.com/sample_size.htm
http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/stpowan.html
This guide is sponsored by Marketo Landing Pages. Easily create multiple test versions of each landing page using our PowerPoint-like editor (no IT or code required). Then, have our system automatically rotate between the versions to test which one drives the most conversions. Check it out for yourself by signing up for our landing pages free trial!
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