text:
FourFourTwo's 100 best foreign Premier League players ever: 30-21
By Joe Brewin
Our approach towards the top 20 includes a brilliant Brazilian in north-eastern climes, two famous adversaries and maybe – just maybe – the coolest Premier League player ever?
Words: Huw Davies, Alex Hess, Jon Spurling, Seb Stafford-Bloor, Andrew Murray, Richard Edwards.
30. Juninho
The cliché that every Brazilian plays beautiful, carefree football hasn't been accurate for 30 years, but in England at least, its continuing popularity owes a lot to Juninho.
It was impossible not to be charmed by the effervescent way in which he lit up Teesside after choosing newly promoted Middlesbrough over myriad European suitors, all eager to sign this 22-year-old midfielder who'd already won the Copa Libertadores, Intercontinental Cup and Brazilian league title.
What made 'The Little Fella' special wasn't his delectable first touch, nor his unique (and necessary) ability to hurdle a tackle, nor his hip-wiggling forward runs, baggy shirt billowing in the wind – though special they certainly were. It was his love for the game and his adopted home, palpable in his joyful kickabouts with local children and his painful tears upon Boro's relegation.
This was a world-class footballer, capped 49 times by Brazil, yet he signed for Middlesbrough three times until they finally won the club's first silverware in the 2004 League Cup. He was one of a kind. HD
29. Xabi Alonso
Some players strike the ball with venom. Alonso passed it with venom. And with profound intelligence, too – his ice-cool awareness was vital in the Liverpool side that soared for a few seasons under Rafa Benitez before the effects of ruinous ownership took hold.
Few Anfield regulars were in much doubt about what their club was losing when Alonso left in 2009, but one senses that English football's wider world only came to appreciate the midfielder's resplendency after he'd started to assemble a clean sweep of football's major trophies with Real Madrid, Bayern Munich and Spain. That any discussion on these shores about Alonso inevitably turns to his contentious departure from Liverpool is testament to his influence while he was here.
It's no coincidence that both Steven Gerrard and Fernando Torres enjoyed their best form – and by a country mile – alongside the Basque playmaker, nor that the side fell off a cliff as soon as he left. "By some distance, the best midfielder I ever played alongside," said his former captain. AH
28. Robert Pires
He may not have been the quickest winger that ever graced Highbury, but Pires had a style and elegance to his game that granted him hero status in N5. Some lukewarm displays in his first season were quickly forgotten when he dispatched the winner against Tottenham in the 2001 FA Cup Semi-Final, and the Frenchman retained his happy knack of scoring in north London derbies throughout his six-year Arsenal career.
In 2001/02 he was devastatingly effective, the highlight being his lobbed goal over a bewildered Peter Schmeichel at Villa Park in 2002 as Arsenal closed in on the Double. Although a knee injury ruled him out of the end-of-season celebrations, Pires was as potent as ever in the 'Invincibles' season. His Arsenal career ended in the 2006 Champions League Final in Paris, when he was controversially substituted following goalkeeper Jens Lehmann's sending off.
He had a brief spell with Aston Villa in the 2010/11 season, but it is for (and at) Arsenal that he will forever be remembered. JS
27. Nemanja Vidic
Arguably the best British-style centre-half of the last two decades was a Serbian who arrived from Russia. Nemanja Vidic bore all the hallmarks of a defender schooled in the blood-and-thunder traditions of the English game: a towering leap, a complete absence of frills, a Terminator-like inability to sense physical pain.
Even so, Vidic's introduction to England was anything but smooth; in his first few months, he struggled badly with the pace and fury of the Premier League. But he refined his focus, adapting and growing stronger – literally. "Every time I walked past the gym, I would see Nemanja in there lifting weights," said Paul Scholes, recalling the defender's response to that tricky early period.
Improvement came quickly and alongside Rio Ferdinand, Vidic became one half of the best centre-back partnership of the Premier League era. United's 2008/09 side is remembered for a sparkling forward line of Tevez, Rooney, Ronaldo and Berbatov, but perhaps even more impressive was the defence which kept a frankly ludicrous 14 successive clean sheets that autumn. AH
ONE-ON-ONE Nemanja Vidic: 'I was interested in going to Liverpool... but then Manchester United came'
26. Claude Makelele
"Why put another layer of gold paint on the Bentley when you are losing the entire engine?" So despaired Real Madrid's Zinedine Zidane as his colleague was shipped off to London in 2003, making way for the incoming David Beckham. Zidane's wisdom – and Madrid's myopia – was confirmed over the next half-decade as Makelele helped himself to two Premier League titles and three domestic cups while his former club's "Galacticos" project became a byword for posturing underachievement.
Despite being perhaps the best defensive midfielder of all time, Makelele rarely made a tackle – unless he was taking a calculated yellow on the halfway line to halt a crucial counter-attack. More usually, he specialised in stealing possession through subtler, more sophisticated means: nicking it off the toes of an opponent, or appearing from nowhere to intercept a pass and start Chelsea's attacks.
Bossing a league obsessed with aggression, the 5ft 6in France international soon established such hegemony over his position that it was named after him. Vital to Jose Mourinho's dominance of English football and thus to recent footballing history, Makelele was a one-man lesson – in tactics, in positioning, in recovering possession – to an entire country's football culture. AH
25. Dimitar Berbatov
In time, it might be considered that Berbatov belonged to a different era. Manchester United would eventually give him the stage his talent deserved, but it was an opportunity which his personality probably stopped him from taking. He had success, plenty of it, but his lasting reputation was established at White Hart Lane as Tottenham's talisman.
To see him play live was to know what he was: to hear the crowd gasp their admiration for one of his gentle touches or celebrate the artistry of his goals. Berbatov was part-footballer, part comic book hero; a ridiculous blend of ability and indifference.
FEATURE Ten years on: How Dimitar Berbatov made Spurs – then broke them
Spurs, Manchester United and Fulham supporters vary in their affection for him, but all will have the same appreciation for his swaggering class. SSB
24. Cesc Fabregas
It remains a source of regret and bitterness for many Arsenal fans that the Spanish midfielder won the Premier League title with Chelsea and not with the club for whom he became the youngest-ever debutant, aged 16 years and 177 days in October 2003.
Displaying a level of maturity far beyond his years, Fabregas brought a creativity and range of passing which established him in the Gunners' first team; Patrick Vieira's departure in 2005 made the 18-year-old Arsenal's midfield lynchpin. For some, it was a symbol that Wenger was sacrificing power for guile, but as Arsenal skipper, Fabregas was frustrated at his side's inability to land the title.
1:25 for Cesc vs Spurs
Rumours had always been rife that he would return to boyhood side Barcelona, and his 2011 departure to Catalonia confirmed that Arsenal had morphed into a giant selling club. The World Cup and European Championship winner returned to the Premier League in 2014 after the Gunners passed on the option of re-signing him. Fabregas claimed "I will always be an Arsenal fan," but his quest for silverware saw him seek fulfilment elsewhere. JS
It's impossible not to think of Fernando Torres in the Premier League without remembering his first goal in English football, on a sodden Merseyside August afternoon in 2007. Picking the ball up halfway inside the Chelsea half, the Liverpool No.9 sped past Tal Ben Haim and curled a perfect shot around Petr Cech for the opener in a 1-1 draw.
Torres had caught the eye with Atletico Madrid; Manchester United were said to have scouted him in detail, but Rafa Benitez took the risk with a club-record fee and a six-year deal. He was richly rewarded: in three-and-a-half seasons at Anfield, Torres exploded. He plundered 81 goals in 142 games and formed a telepathic understanding with Steven Gerrard. In 2008/09, the pair nearly delivered the club's first league title since 1990 and terrified domestic and continental defences alike. The sight of Torres in full flight against Manchester United centre-back Nemanja Vidic was Keystone Cops stuff.
If Torres's peak arrived at Anfield, the trophies came after his acrimonious transfer to Chelsea in January 2012 – the same window in which he was replaced at Anfield by Luis Suarez and Andy Carroll. His record at Chelsea in all competitions is better than you'd think – 45 goals in 172 games – but Blues fans will always remember that goal in the Camp Nou en route to the 2012 Champions League triumph. As will Gary Neville: "Uuuuuuuuuuuuhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh…" [repeat to fade] AM
22. Jurgen Klinsmann
A story in two parts: the arrival and return. Given who he was and who they were, Tottenham fans will cheerfully admit that Klinsmann didn't fit the picture when he signed from Monaco for £2 million in 1994. History tells us that he blended brilliantly with Ossie Ardiles's lopsided team – and he did – but he was arguably the best in Europe at the time and neither Spurs nor the Premier League could make any such claim. Like all the best fairy tales, this one was framed with vague absurdity.
His volley against Everton remains on steady rotation to this day, as does his combination with Teddy Sheringham at Anfield, but rewatch those moments again and take note of the some of the players he celebrates with. Really, this was Led Zeppelin playing the village fete.
He would return from a prolific two-year stint with Bayern Munich in 1997/98, jaded and without the glint in his eye. He wasn't the same, but his goals still lifted Christian Gross's dismal side away from the relegation zone and provided the heroic bookend to his professional career. SSB
21. Jaap Stam
Now aiming to return to the Premier League as a manager with Reading, Stam was a defensive colossus for Manchester United during a trophy-strewn period for the club.
The Dutchman had arrived at Old Trafford from PSV Eindhoven with an already sizeable reputation, and despite moving for a world record fee for a defender (£10.6m), the price tag – like countless Premier League strikers – was brushed aside dismissively. Stam spent three seasons at the club and was part of the side that created history by winning the League, FA Cup and Champions League in 1999.
The end came abruptly: Stam made only 79 appearances in the Premier League before being shown the door by Sir Alex Ferguson in August 2001. A series of revelations in his autobiography eventually did for the centre-back but Fergie would later admit to Stam's release as being one of the few mistakes of his managerial career. RE
100-91 • 90-81 • 80-71 • 70-61 • 60-51 • 50-41 • 40-31 • 30-21 • 20-11 • 10 • 9 • 8 • 7 • 6 • 5 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1
FourFourTwo's 100 best foreign Premier League players ever


As a volunteer at Chisholme you are appreciated for who you are, not only for what you do.
PLEASE NOTE - WE ARE NOT ABLE TO ACCEPT VOLUNTEERS UNTIL APRIL 2019.
If you would like to come and be a volunteer at Chisholme, then please consider coming in April for the Volunteer Gardening Fortnight, or on one of the other volunteer weeks later in the year.
Opportunities to volunteer vary depending on the time of year and current programme. Activities are many and diverse: you might be asked to work in the organic garden, take care of the chickens, work in the woodland, split and stack timber for our wood boiler, help prepare rooms for new guests, pick wild raspberries, prepare food in the kitchen and much more. Volunteers come to Chisholme from all over the world, and your involvement is a valuable contribution to the life and work of the place.
But most importantly, you will be living and working in a place that supports the discovery of your own potential. Chisholme is a school with the guiding principle of the unity of all being. Once glimpsed, this is a vision – or mystery – that can transform our understanding of ourselves and the world.
As a volunteer you are invited to participate in meditations, study of wisdom texts and other of our practices. You will be part of a team, and there will be ample opportunities to ask questions of us and of yourself!
Volunteers and WWOOFers come from around the world to help at Chisholme. They are an important part of life here. Their work continues to help support and maintain Chisholme and the education it offers.
Most volunteers first come here on one of our volunteer weeks. These are held in the spring and summer of each year – see the 2019 dates here. Sometimes there are volunteering opportunities at other times of the year, and these will be mentioned on this page. There are also periods set aside for members of the WWOOF scheme; please contact us to discuss these.
We ask for a small daily contribution towards the basic cost of accommodation and board. This contribution is subsidised from our volunteer fund. The rates we currently ask are: £15 per day or £100 per week (or £10 per day or £65 per week for students). If you cannot afford these rates, please contact us and we may be able to make an arrangement.


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The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, hereinafter referred to as UICISA: E, is a monodisciplinary research unit hosted by the Nursing School of Coimbra (Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra - ESEnfC) – an institution that is heir to the most ancient Nursing School in Portugal and is in the forefront of nursing education and research in Portugal.
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"…this Unit is young and active, and continues its dynamic development with many notable achievements. They also provide important resources for the development of nursing science in the country…" Panel 2008 – Good;
Project: PEst-OE/SAU/UI0742/2011."The proposed scientific objectives were well exceeded in every single aspect. The project contributed to the training of young researchers and the international projection of the team involved." (National panel, 2013) – Very Good;
As a result of the evaluation of R&D Units conducted by the FCT in collaboration with the ESF, the Unit (Ref. UID/DTP/00742/2013) was rated as Good, and accessed restructuring support funds: "... The panel believes that this Unit can be strong… international exposure must be increased" (2013).
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Hi, wondering how did you find it a scam?
Did they take money or what?
I've been researching about the company too, I've seen the ad for the job and they sent me an email with same job description as yours.
No I haven't just a resume I sent by email.
That sounds serious, I also was very curious and researching.. I knew there must be something up with this offer. Becuase no Interview, just plain here that's ur job!
But thanks for the information, hopefully everyone else reads this and finds out that Verdane Capital is a scam!!
I'm sorry what happened to you! Hope your ok and don't stress, as long as everything is ok now.
Well I'm really glad to have got to warn you  I hope you have good luck with your job search.
Any serious truely based company anywhere in the universe does never ever use only the virtual net which hides their real identity.
So , in every online business you'd better principally look always for the solid facts and physical addresses where you could visit the employer first of all.
Here are some tips on how to recognize a scam so that you won't be a victim. The first thing you need to remember is that old saying, "if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is."
Don't rely on gossip boards or he said she said unreliable information. Get the facts!
The internet is full of good things but it is easy for anyone to post what might seem to be good advice or information that is false or misleading. The fact is, you can get bad advice and miss information from many sites on the internet. Many times these sites are self serving sites with an ulterior motive. If you are making a decision as important as working at home, what company to work with, what products or services are out there, or who and what is legitimate go to reputable and verifiable business organizations to get your fact right!
The local government consumer affairs office and Better Business Bureau in your area. They can inform you if complaints have been lodged against the company you're dealing with.
Your State Attorney General's Office or the Attorney General's Office in the state where the company is located.
The local postmaster. The U.S. Postal Service investigates fraudulent mail practices.
Report your experience to the advertising office of the publication, radio or television station that ran the ad you answered.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC). It cannot help resolve individual disputes, but it can take action if there is evidence of a pattern of deceptive or unfair practices. To register a complaint, write to Correspondence Branch, FTC, Washington, D.C. 20580; or call (202) 326-2222.
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce Check to see if a company is a member.
The National Fraud Information Center. To get updates on the latest frauds, scams, or to report a fraud (or suspected fraud), write to The National Fraud Information Center, P.O. Box 65868, Washington, D.C. 20035, (800) 876-7060.
The Better Business Bureau. Check their site for tips and local offices in your area.
Googling Scam Report Sites that post Internet scams and viruses.
Direct Selling Association Find out how long a business has been around and who they are.
ScamBusters lists all kinds of scams, including urban legends and area code frauds.
Chambers of Commerce, home-based business groups, the U.S. Small Business Administration's small business development and women's business development centers, all can help you get the information you'll need to start a successful (and legitimate) venture of your own!
Keep your eyes always wide awake while surfing among the ruthless scammers in the darkness of the w.w.w. !
No problem is harder than the ultimate truth!
Hi guys Thanks for your information.
This happened to me too. Lucky i haven't thrown all my personal details to this scams as I have been researching this company as much as I can. And I thought this could be a scam because I found out that legal informations are missing out in in the employment contract and employees details.
So , that's how I started to believe this is a scam job advertisement.
As soon as I read your message i am totally freaking out .
Please be very careful to the job hunting online.
First, check their contact numbers and abn and the company website andaddresses.
If you have already being ask you to complete employment forms, check out every employer obligations and employees entitlement . This is where I started to worry about job scam.
Please be warned to everyone.
Hi danii2626.. I have also been an unfortunate target of this scam.. I was offered the same position (Asst Financial Controller) and have shared all my personal details like passport, TFN, bank account and BSB. I just realised today that this is a scam when they told me to transfer money to their 'CLIENTS' through my personal account. I am not sure what to do next. Please help me as I am freaking out. Could they use the above details somewhere wrongly?
I too am in the same position as you, they are waiting for me to confirm an amount from coinjar so I can transfer funds, whom is it your in contact with on Skype? I feel as though it's a robot.
Hey..There are these two people ,, Amelia Cooper and Camilla Perkins.. They are all fake of course.. I am pretty sure you have some other names in contact!! What have you done about this?
Exactly whom I have as contacts I have told 'Amelia Cooper' I believe it's a scam as there is no interpersonal contact and until I hear from Northern Europe I will put the position on hold (please how many people are they employing for this role) if it was legitimate!!!!
Definitely a scam, Sweden got back too me mentioning since may 2016 they have had individuals contact them. Sweden has now requested copies of my Skype messages.
Go figure Amelia Cooper rung me today she certainly did not sound Anglo Saxon, I didn't realise Asians carried the name cooper.
I worked for Verdane Capital for 1 month. They took all my personal evidences like passport, bank account TFN etc. At the end of January 17 when I asked them for salary, they told they will transfer some money for their client to my bank account and I have to transfer it to their client. They tried to transfer money in my ANZ account multiple times, but luckily it was observed by ANZ that the sender is fake and so they closed my account within 15 days giving me a notice to withdraw the amount I was having in that account. But I did not inform the Verdane Capital guy about this, instead I asked for my salary. Then he told to send them some $50-$120 just to check whether I have a valid account or not and they will reverse the amount along with my salary. I straightway refused him. From the next day, I logged out from my Skype account and stopped interacting with him. The bank has suggested me to open a new account as this is a scam.
I am sure the skype account is also fake but the name of that guy appeared there is : Darri Andersson.
It seems I am the most unfortunate person in this regard, however, please be very careful while sharing your personal data with any such frauds.


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From the March 1957 magazine.
ONE-THIRD OF ALL ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES consumed in the U.S. goes "down the hatch" of alcoholics, says Professor E. M. Jellinek of Yale. "U.S. males who are neither abstainers nor alcoholics consume an average equivalent of three ounces of 100-proof whiskey a day; females, one ounce," he told a recent London conference. "But U.S. alcoholics, estimated at one million (Ed. note: ??), consume about fifteen ounces of 100-proof whiskey or its equivalent, per day. Alcoholics constitute about eight per cent of all consumers, but account for approximately one-third of U.S. alcohol consumption."
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formed in September 2006, that performs cover material and original music. The band's primary goal is entertaining your audience completely. By focusing on music one normally does not hear in a club, Category 5 connects with audiences of all ages and musical tastes.
Category 5 brings the sound and style of Arena Rock back to the club. By playing a combination of cover material that ranges from everyday and current dance favorites to epic artists such as Boston, Van Halen, Journey, SRV and Rush, Category 5 entertains any audience from the dance crowd to the hard-core music lover.


Valerian, is an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of this very important genus of plants, used in the traditional medicine of many parts of the world, particularly as a sedative. It includes material written by experts dealing with a variety of aspects including the ethnobotany, chemistry, pharmacology, cultivation, analysis and commercial aspects of Valeriana.
This book will be of interest to all those concerned with the study and use of medicinal and aromatic plants and provides a comprehensive and contemporary overview of the status of this particular genus.


The Public Service Ombudsman investigates complaints by the general public about acts or omissions by public service providers, such as Government departments, agencies and authorities.
The service provided by the Ombudsman is impartial, independent and free of charge.
The Ombudsman normally investigates a complaint only if this has not been adequately dealt with by the public service provider concerned.


Bavaria is probably the most beautiful state in Germany – full of historic sights, cute towns and villages, bustling cities, and great scenery.
Coming from the northern part of Germany (Bremen), I hate to say it, but, yes, Bavaria is the prettiest state here.
Located all the way down in the south of Germany, bordering Austria, it isn't a place where I would just visit regularly.
However, after I had already visited places like Munich, Nurnberg, and Rothenburg ob der Tauber, I decided it was time to road trip Bavaria. And, yes, this part of Germany is picturesque.
Given its size (it is the biggest state in Germany), I do not even claim to have seen all the top places in Bavaria, but I have gotten around and here are my tips for the most beautiful places in Bavaria, and some travel tips for your trip.
Car or public transportation? Here are my tips.
Driving in Bavaria is a good way to get around. There are no tolls for cars in Germany, the streets are well-paved and safe, and people drive well (just a little side blow to Italian drivers).
There are motorway streets without speed limits, but most streets do have a speed limit you should stick to (speed cams are spread throughout the country).
A parking disc might be useful in some places (I needed it in Dinkelsbühl, for instance).
Petrol in Bavaria is quite expensive. Diesel costs about 1.40€ and petrol (gasoline) is about 1.50€ (per liter). This is just an average as prices vary greatly. In the morning and afternoon/evening, prices are highest, and during the day, prices decrease.
Parking can be tricky in tourist areas and is also pricey (a day ticket for Neuschwanstein Castle is 6.50€, for example, but in cities like Munich, it is way more expensive).
Most petrol stations (actually, all) are self-service and you can pay cash or with a credit card at the cashier. In smaller villages, there might be machines you have to pay directly.
Getting around via trains and buses is actually quite easy. While the Deutsche Bahn is not really my favorite company to travel with, they get you from one place to the other. Not cheap and often not on time, but well, we cannot have it all.
If you are in Bavaria, you can buy daily tickets and use them for all of the trains and buses in Bavaria. If you get "Bayern Tickets," it is actually not expensive (about 25€ for one person, each additional person (max. 5 people) cost 3-5€ extra and it saves you the headache of finding parking spaces.
Tip: Buy your ticket from the ticket machine to avoid paying fees.
I never suggest visiting a place in Europe in the summer. Every place is full, and especially in Bavaria, which is extremely popular among people from all over the world, it is crowded.
Since we cannot rely on seasons and how the weather is supposed to be at a certain time, I would advise visiting from September to October, or from April to June.
If you are into Christmas and winter activities, then Bavaria is also great to visit in the winter. Given its mountains, it is a popular skiing destination.
Prices in Bavaria for accommodations, fuel, or food are generally higher than in the rest of Germany. Munich and main tourist spots tend to be more expensive – you can have a quick lunch in a regular restaurant for about 10€ – of course, prices vary strongly and you can find much cheaper but also more luxurious restaurants. Entry to castles like (Neuschwanstein Castle is about 13€ per person).
Compared to Austria or Switzerland though, it is cheaper and you will get good value for your money.
I visited Bavaria several times – and normally Munich was my base to get around. However, this time I road tripped Bavaria for about two weeks and stayed at a place for max. 5 nights. E.g. if you stay in Munich you can do a lot of day trips. But if you drive and don't mind changing hotels, I recommend to stay in the area of Rothenburg ob der Tauber (and visit Wurzburg etc. from there), then Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a great base because you can visit places like Eibsee, Zugspitze and Breitbachklamm. Berchtesgaden is a good base if you want to explore places like Königssee, Salzburg.
For each tourist spot, I will name a few great places to stay – if you are want to get a general overview of hotels in Bavaria- click here.
There are different dialects in Bavaria, and though everyone understands High German, not everyone speaks it perfectly. However, as someone who doesn't understand any Bavarian dialect, I had no issues and people tried to adjust.
Basic English is spoken in all touristy areas.
Bavaria´s crime rate is quite low. Just keep your eyes open and exercise common sense and you should be fine. Especially in tourist areas, it is recommended to keep your belongings and your wallet close to you.
If you get around by car, don't leave valuables on display.
Do you love healthy food? Maybe even vegetarian or vegan food? Then I have bad news for you. Bavaria doesn't make it easy for people who like food that isn't hearty or is vegetarian/vegan.
Bavarians love their heavy food – meat, especially pork, and cheese are essential to the diet in Bavaria. If you love sausages or eating a whole pig (more or less), then Bavaria is your food heaven.
While bigger cities, like Munich or Augsburg, make it easier for vegetarians/vegans or people who just want to eat healthily, it can be challenging to find easy and healthy options in other parts.
It is not like we people in Northern Germany eat extremely healthy, but I felt like there was a big difference between the food in Northern and Southern Germany.
So, if you are picky about your food, I suggest booking an Airbnb in the smaller villages, so you can cook your own food or just buy more snacks from the supermarket.
Bring your reusable water bottle because in many parts of Bavaria, you can just refill your bottle with fresh mountain water from fountains (just shy away from it if it says "KEIN TRINKWASSER").
Credit and debit cards are accepted widely, but in smaller shops and villages, that might not be the case. You cannot pay at some ticket centers with your card, so always have cash on you (American Express is, unfortunately, not accepted while Visa and MasterCard are more common).
At this point, I would like to thank the Bayerische Schlösserverwaltung for the work they do. They take extremely good care of the castles in Bavaria. The castles and the gardens in Bavaria are some of the most beautiful in the world, and as a visitor, you can visit the gardens for free. This is not standard in all countries and while visiting the inside of a castle is often a great experience, people on a budget or with little time (or with a dog) can enjoy the gardens without paying anything.
So, even if you do not plan to visit the inside of a castle, add it to your itinerary because you will still be able to enjoy the rest of it for free.
Okay, let´s get started about the most beautiful places in Bavaria – about the main attractions and top sights, the most beautiful cities in Bavaria and more.
This place is probably the prettiest town in Germany. It is as picturesque as it looks in pictures and Rothenburg doesn't disappoint. I got to visit twice and, admittedly, there are not that many places and attractions. If you are a fast traveler, you might be done in a few hours.
But I still recommend staying in Rothenburg as least for a day. In summer, many tourists come here as a day trip, so try to come early in the morning or stay overnight. This way, you don't have to fight your way through the crowds.
It is a popular stop on the "Romantic Road" – a popular road trip in Germany with the most romantic towns and castles along the way.
Walk the town walls, and enjoy the cobblestone streets, pretty buildings, and great views. Enjoy a snack in the cutest cafe in Germany, too. Where to find that cafe? Click here for a detailed travel guide on the cutest town – Rothenburg. I suggest staying here a full day (though you could rush and see the top places in 3-4 hours).
From Rothenburg ob der Tauber, you can visit Wurzburg and Dinkelsbühl quite easily.
Click here to get the best rates for your stay in Rothenburg.
Pretty lakes are only found in Switzerland and the Dolomites? Not really. Bavaria has a few very beautiful lakes that can keep up (well, almost) with them. Eibsee is one of them.
For the best photo spots in Bavaria, visiting the Eibsee is a must.
Eibsee is close to the town of Garmisch-Patenkirchen in the very south of Bavaria and lies at a height of almost 1,000 meters.
If you like hikes but are worried about possible hikes that come with mountain lakes, don't be. You can get here by car or public transportation. It takes just a few minutes to get to the lake. However, I really recommend walking around the lake because it shows its prettiest colors at the other end.
It takes about 90-180 minutes (depending on your walking speed) to walk around the 8 km lake shoreline and see the lake from the best angles.
If you are visiting Eibsee, you can combine it with a trip to Zugspitze (close to Garmisch-Partenkichen). I suggest planning in 2-5 hours for Eibsee (including some breaks).
Another beautiful city, and probably the friendliest city I have ever come across in Germany, is Wurzburg (or Würzburg in German).
But I actually don't recommend visiting Wurzburg for its friendly people. The town is known for its baroque and rococo architecture, and wine lovers will also have some fun here.
It is home to a gorgeous castle, the Würzburg Castle, and an interesting fortress, Marienberg Fortress. The old town and the Marienbrücke are more tourists sights in Bavaria.
With a population of over 120,000, it is one of the bigger cities in Bavaria.
If you are short on time, I suggest staying in Wurzburg for a day. The city is located in the northern part of Bavaria and is often the starting or ending point on the Romantic Road. I suggest planning in a full day for this pretty city. Read my 1-day Wurzburg itinerary.
Yes, this is a princess´ dream come true, to visit Neuschwanstein Castle in the very south of Bavaria. While I had seen images of it, it took me forever to figure out where exactly to find it.
The castle is probably the most famous attraction in Bavaria.
The castle was built on a hill above the village of Hohenschwangau in the 19th century. The former king of Bavaria, Ludwig II, wanted to use it as a place for his retreats, so he paid for the building with his own money. Unfortunately for him, he did not get to see the finished version because he died shortly before its completion.
While he couldn't admire his own castle, about 1.3 million visitors do each year. Find all important travel information for Neuschwanstein Castle here. I suggest planning in 3-5 hours for this castle alone (but there is a lake and some more sights, like another castle) and a full day for this area.
Surely, this is one of the best places to see in Bavaria, and actually, it is one of the best places to visit in all of Germany: Munich, the beautiful capital of Bavaria and the second biggest city in Germany.
Located more towards the south of Bavaria, it is also a good base to use when heading to other tourist attractions in Bavaria, but the city itself is full of gorgeous places.
Fun things to do in Munich include: visiting the pretty market square (Marienplatz), the Munich Residence, the Town Hall, the Englischer Garten, the Viktualienmarkt, and the Asam Church.
Of course, people love the Oktoberfest as well (can you believe the last time I was in Munich was at the time of the Oktoberfest, and I still skipped it?). Munich is a city full of sights, you spend days and weeks here without getting bored – if you have less time, you should plan in a full day for exploring Munich.
Nuremberg is one of the bigger cities in Germany, and the second biggest city in Bavaria, with a pretty medieval old town. So, exploring the old town by foot is the best thing to do. Such pretty, old, and colorful houses make a perfect stop for any photographer (or Instagram addict).
Also, visit the Kaiserburg (Imperial Castle) and look for the numerous statues and fountains throughout the city. Nurnberg is also known for having one of the best Christmas Markets. So, if you are in Bavaria at the end of November/ December and enjoy some mulled wine and gingerbread, Nurnberg is probably the best place for you to visit in Bavaria.
Augsburg is another city to add to your Bavaria itinerary. It is the oldest city in Bavaria and the second oldest in Germany! With about 300,000 inhabitants, it is also the third biggest city in Bavaria, making it a lively and fun place to see.
Medieval houses, a market square with an ancient town hall, the Fuggerei (the oldest social settlement in the world), and the fancy Maximilianstraße – there are quite a lot of attractions to visit.
However, the most charming and off-the-beaten-path way to discover Augsburg is to stroll the canals and see the water mills. This also makes Augsburg unique, and it felt different than any other place in Bavaria.
Stay 1 day in Augsburg and you will see the best places in the city.
Near the Austrian border, you will find the clearest lake in Bavaria – the pretty Königssee.
Most of the lake lies in the Berchtesgaden National Park, which makes it a protected area. While boats cruise the lake, the water is so clean that you could even drink out of it, thanks to those boats being electric.
Add some hiking and a boat cruise to your Bavaria list. This way, you will see the St. Bartholomä, which is a popular pilgrimage church and, according to the boat captain, one of the most photographed buildings in the world (not sure about that though).
Obersee – which is just behind the Königssee – is reason enough to do the boat cruise. Get out at "Salet" boat station and, after a ten-minute hike, you have the next treat for your eyes.
If you do some hiking (around Obersee) and go on a boat cruise, I would suggest a full day at Königssee.
Here are the best hotels to stay near Königssee – my base was in Bad Reichenhall, which is great but so is Berchtesgaden. From these two places, you can get to some major Bavaria attractions quickly.
The Kehlsteinhaus, in the area of Berchtesgaden, is known for two reasons: its great views of the beautiful scenery and for being built during the NS dictatorship, where politicians of the NS regime later made decisions.
According to the official website of Eagle´s Nest, it wasn't a present for Hitler´s 50th birthday, though it often, and falsely, said to have been.
After the initial idea of destroying the building after the Second World War, it was decided to leave it intact.
Now, you can either hike up or take a special bus to get up and learn about its history – and, of course, enjoy the view. Unlike many other places I have mentioned here, Kehlsteinhaus is actually closed during winter time and only open from mid-May to mid-October.
This Bavarian attraction is located near Berchtesgaden – it is also a popular day trip from Munich. If you hike up (and down), I suggest to plan in a full day. If you take the bus to get up and do some hiking at the peak, 3 to 7 hours should be enough.
There are several gorges in Bavaria, but since I only got to visit one of them, I will just talk about that one. The Breitbachklamm is a gorge close to Garmisch-Patenkirchen.
It was created by the Breitbach River and is one of the deepest gorges in the Bavarian Alps. For an entrance fee of about 5€, you can hike the gorge. Along the 2.5 km path, you will pass roaring waterfalls and fast currents. There are some steps and uphill hiking included, but with proper shoes, this is a nice walk – especially in summer, when it gets hot in the cities.
Breitbachklamm is closed for almost two months in November and December, but the pictures during winter time always look amazing.
It is great to visit from Garmisch-Partenkirchen and I spent about 2 to 3 hours here.
Fancying a view from the highest mountain peak in Germany? The highest mountains are to be found in the Bavarian Alps, and the Zugspitze is Germany´s highest mountain.
Spoiled by mountain views in Switzerland, I was not sure whether or not I should pay the 55€ to go up the Zugspitze. I ended up not going because for that amount of money, I wanted to have mountain views and I wasn't really sure that the Zugspitze could actually deliver – on that day as it was a very cloudy day.
However, even though I didn't end up going, if money didn't play a role or if the day has been really clear, then the Zugspitze, at an elevation of almost 3,000 meters, would be a point of interest for many tourists.
P.S. You might have heard about the damaged cable car, so while there is no cable car you can use, you can still use the funicular to get up Zugspitze.
The Zugspitze is easily accessible from Garmisch-Partenkirchen and can be easily combined with a trip to Eibsee.
This famous ski resort town in Bavaria consists of two parts: Garmisch and Partenkirchen, and is one of the most popular places to visit amongst tourists from all around the world.
It is also a popular base if you want to visit the Zugspitze, the Eibsee, or Partnachklamm (another gorge), as the town centers themselves don't have many attractions.
There are some pretty buildings and lots of flower pots around in the town center, and if you enjoy luxury shopping, then Garmisch-Partenkirchen is your place.
Also, in the region of Berchtesgaden, there is the beautiful Hintersee Lake – a mountain lake with great views of the mountain ranges and the Zauberwald forest.
To enjoy the lake from all different angles, go on an easy 45-minute hike around the lake. On your way, you will find boards with info about different artists who were inspired by this lake.
While I visited in early fall, this is probably also great to visit in winter and in summer. You can even rent a rowboat and have fun on the lake. The lake is located in a beautiful and quiet scenery. You can combine it with many different hikes – and in summer you can swim in the lakes and enjoy some water sports activities. So, you could spend between 1 to 8 hours here.
A good base is Berchtesgaden or Bad Reichenhall.
Okay, this might seem like a bit of a mouthful – Ramsau bee Berchtesgaden. But in my defense, I was really smitten when I passed this beautiful St. Sebastian Church, and the bridge that is just in front of the church – and the mountains in the background – seemed to be the icing on top of an already pretty place.
It felt so idyllic and pretty, and it reminded me of how beautiful road tripping Bavaria can be. It is situated north of the Berchtesgaden National Park, and if you are in the area (Königssee or Hintersee), then this is a great stopover.
I did not see much else to do, except strolling and taking pictures, so it is really not a place to spend hours. However, I was smitten.
The historic town of Dinkelsbühl is the best preserved medieval town in all of Germany. Apparently, only one window glass was destroyed during World War II – nothing compared to many other German cities, towns, and villages.
Colorful, semi-timbered houses and the Gothic Minster of St. George (one of southern Germany's most impressive hall churches) are just some examples of its history. Strolling the old town is probably the best thing to do here.
If you are a fast traveler, a few hours will be fine to discover the best of the best-preserved medieval town in Germany.
Cute Bad Reichenhall! This place was base for my last five days and I had always wondered why the name was so familiar to me. Once I was there, I figured out that I sometimes buy my salt from "Bad Reichenhall" and that was why the name was so familiar. Anyhow, this little Alpine town is really picturesque and a perfect place to relax and explore the area of Berchtesgaden.
The town itself has several pretty gardens, like the Royal Spa Garden, and the small, but fine, town center with its market square. You can also find out a lot about the history of salt production in Bad Reichenhall.
When I visited places in and around Berchtesgaden, Bad Reichenhall was actually my base. Staying here is not as handy as Berchtesgaden itself (and gosh, the tax per night with 3,20 € is really high) but I loved it and would probably stay here again if I don't find a great hotel deal in Berchtesgaden itself.
Linderhof Palace is another beautiful castle with a gorgeous garden in front of it. It is located close to Ettal Abbey. King Ludwig II of Bavaria, who also built Neuschwanstein Castle, actually got to see the end result of this one, the smallest of his three castles.
Like Neuschwanstein Castle, you can go inside for an entrance fee, but strolling the garden is free. It is probably the nicest garden in Bavaria, even though there is a lot of construction work going on and the construction cranes spoil the idyll.
You can go for longer hikes around the castle and enjoy lush mountain views.
You can get here from Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Füssen or Munich.
Another picture-perfect little town to see is Füssen (or Fussen), in the very south of Bavaria. It is often overlooked, as it is at the end, or beginning, of the Romantic Road, and visitors head to Schloss Neuschwanstein and then home or to Munich.
However, this pretty town has numerous historic and colorful buildings, like the Hohe Schloss, which used to be a summer residence for bishops and is now a museum, or the monastery Benediktinerklosters St. Mang.
Also, stroll the river and enjoy the views from the Theresienbrücke and the Lech River. Want to find out more about Fussen? Here are more tips on what to do in Fussen.
If you are into interesting bridges, head to the Walderlebniszentrum Füssen, where you can walk the 480-meter "Baumkronenweg" for an entrance fee.
As you can see, Bavaria has a lot to offer – it surely is one of the prettiest states in Germany and should be on your Europe itinerary.
I hope this post has helped you get a good impression of the pretty state of Bavaria, and the travel tips help you create your own Bavaria itinerary.


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International Center for Interdisciplinary and Global Environmental Studies (iGLOBES)
The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for International Center for Interdisciplinary and Global Environmental Studies (iGLOBES) published between 1 October 2019 - 30 September 2020 which are tracked by the Nature Index.
Research collaboration: International Center for Interdisciplinary and Global Environmental Studies (iGLOBES) is a research collaboration whose article contributions are accrued to its participating partner institutions.
Co-evolution of primitive methane-cycling ecosystems and early Earth's atmosphere and climate
International vs. domestic collaboration by Share
0% Domestic
100% International
Note: Hover over the graph to view the percentage of collaboration.
Top 10 domestic collaborators by Share (0 total)
International Center for Interdisciplinary and Global Environmental Studies (iGLOBES), United States of America (USA)
Domestic institution
Top 10 international collaborators by Share (8 total)
Foreign institution
Institute of Celestial Mechanics and Computation of Ephemerides (IMCCE), France (0)
Department of Biology Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), France (0)
Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), France (0)
Paris Observatory, France (0)
Sorbonne University, France (0)
University of Lille Nord de France, France (0)
National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), France (0)
University of Paris, France (0)
Note: Collaboration is determined by the fractional count (Share), which is listed in parentheses.
International Center for Interdisciplinary and Global Environmental Studies (iGLOBES) is a research collaboration whose article contributions are accrued to its participating partner institutions below.
The University of Arizona (Arizona), United States of America (USA)
French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France
École Normale Supérieure (ENS Paris), France
Searching for supersymmetry
New genes linked to kidney disease
Graduate School of Medicine / School of Medicine, Tohoku University


Than to enjoy delight with liberty?
Fate of the Butterfly. —Spenser.
Through clouds of fleecy white, laughs the cœrulean sky.
Which fell profusely from the rose-tree stem!
Outvying all the buds in Flora's diadem.
This page was last edited on 16 January 2018, at 13:51.


when a character dies which loyality cards does he use? Should he draw a new card? Or shouldn't he take any?
Sorry it took some time to respond.
I assume you are playing Pegasus expansion. If they have at least one Cylon card (they could have 2 post sleeper!), they reveal 1 card and hand all remain cards to a human of their choice.
If all cards are You are Not a Cylon, they reveal all, and leave those cards in front of them. They only get another card if this happens pre-sleeper. Its a good way to make sure your admiral is a human.... hehe.


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Home » NEWS » Irish Rockers Afterbliss Share New Single "Until Sunrise"
Irish Rockers Afterbliss Share New Single "Until Sunrise"
Photo: Artist courtesy
Hailing from Dublin, Afterbliss is a quintet that formed back in 2018 and has been pushing the boundaries of rock. Their latest single "Until Sunrise," is a melancholic yet upbeat track that gives you both contemplative moments as well as cathartic ones. According to the band, the song is "about embracing the possible and dreaming big even when it is hard to do so." Check it out:
Afterbliss is currently working on their debut album.
afterbliss


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Army Says Suspect In Dallas Killings Served In Army Reserve
Friday, July 8th 2016, 1:14 pm
The Army said Friday that a suspect in the Dallas shooting served in the Army Reserve for six years and did a nine-month tour of duty in Afghanistan.
CBS News confirmed that the suspect has been identified as Micah Xavier Johnson, 25. Johnson was killed by a robot-delivered bomb in a standoff with police in a parking garage where he had exchanged fire with officers.
The Army released a portion of Johnson's service record that said he enlisted in March 2009 and served in the Army Reserve until April 2015. After leaving the Army Reserve, he joined the Individual Ready Reserve. The IRR is where former active duty or reserve soldiers aren't required to train but are kept on Army personnel rolls with the potential of being called to duty. An IRR soldier can volunteer for short tours on active duty.
Johnson was a private first class and at the time he entered the Army gave his home of record as Mesquite, Texas, the Army said.
His military occupational specialty was carpentry and masonry, the Army said.
The Army said Johnson deployed to Afghanistan in November 2013 and returned in July 2014. For that he was given an Afghanistan Campaign Medal with campaign star. He also earned an Army Achievement Medal, an Army Service Ribbon and an Armed Forces Reserve Medal with "M'' Device, among other standard awards for service.
On Saturday, Johnson posted a video of people slaughtering dolphins to a Black Panther Facebook page.
"Look at the joy on their faces," Johnson wrote. "Why do so many whites (not all) enjoy killing and participating in the death of innocent beings?"
Johnson's Facebook page has since been taken down.


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After long battle with West Hollywood, preservationists celebrate opening of Laurel Avenue Park
By Tony Barboza, Los Angeles Times
After an eight-year fight to save a leafy, historic estate that officials wanted to turn into a senior housing complex, West Hollywood preservationists finally have something to celebrate.
Gathering beneath a lush canopy of shade trees Saturday, city officials and activists celebrated the opening of Laurel Avenue Park — the site of a 1915 Colonial-style estate that locals call Tara, after the plantation from "Gone With the Wind." For now at least, it appears Tara will remain undeveloped and open to the public.
Longtime West Hollywood resident Elsie Weisman donated the stately white home and its wooded grounds to the city before she died at age 101, thinking it would be preserved as a park and community center.
But city officials had other plans. They wanted to build a multi-story affordable housing complex around the home.
Allegra Allison, a tenant of Weisman's for 27 years, spearheaded the battle to save the property from development.
"It's a rare example of a time gone by," she said. "We need preservation, and we need park spaces like this."
The city lost a legal fight that went all the way to the state Supreme Court, while a federal grant the city had obtained to build dozens of apartments for low-income seniors expired. Last year, two councilmen proposed opening the property as a public park.
Visitors on Saturday got their first chance to roam the park, as a string duo played on the front porch. The grounds, which sit on a residential block crammed with apartment buildings, have been spruced up with new landscaping, pathways, picnic tables, a fence and a sign.
Jack Merrill, an actor who has fought to preserve the estate since Allison recruited him with a hand-painted sign eight years ago, said it is "incredible" that the estate is finally open to the public.
"This is the last house like this in West Hollywood," he said. "Developers got their hands on every last one but this."
The property's designation as a public park is not permanent, however. The plan to convert the site to housing is still on the table, and council members were careful to call it an "interim park."
Hoping to build on their victory, preservationists are campaigning hard for the March municipal election, in which they hope to unseat three incumbents who supported developing the property and elect candidates who support declaring it a permanent park.
"The basic lesson is you can fight city hall," said Steve Martin, a former councilman who is running again on a pledge to preserve the Tara estate. "This could be West Hollywood's crown jewel."
Martin and others hope that the more accustomed locals become to visiting the new park — having picnics, resting on the benches and walking their dogs — the more they'll be inclined to keep it as it is.
tony.barboza@latimes.com
The stories shaping California
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Tony Barboza
Tony Barboza is a reporter who covers air quality and the environment with a focus on Southern California. He has been on staff at the Los Angeles Times since 2006, is a graduate of Pomona College and completed a Ted Scripps Fellowship in Environmental Journalism at the University of Colorado. News tips? Send messages or documents privately using the Signal smartphone app: (213) 421-1511.
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Q: Why does concatenating these two strings shift the end 3 characters over the front 3 characters of the combined string in Go? When trying to concatenate two strings, they combine but the next three characters overwrite earlier concatenated text before again continuing to concatenate as expected.  I suspect this is something to do with the retrieve_mapped_value(cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Variable[r_index], var_swap) function as this phenomena only happens when it is called within the double for of the cmd.Interaction section of build_executable.
Where the error is
func build_executable(cmd shell_command, var_swap string_matrix, is_first bool) string{
    sleep_duration := cmd.Sleep
    result := ""
    if !is_first{
        result = "send \""
    } else {
        result = "spawn "
    }
    result += cmd.Command
    if len(cmd.Options.Dashes) > 0 {
        for index := range cmd.Options.Dashes{
            if cmd.Options.Dashes[index] != "" || cmd.Options.Flags[index] != ""{
                result += " " + cmd.Options.Dashes[index] + cmd.Options.Flags[index]
            }
            if cmd.Options.Values[index] != ""{
                result += " " + cmd.Options.Values[index]
            }
        }
    }
    if len(cmd.Targets.Litteral) > 0{
        result += " "
        for index := range cmd.Targets.Litteral{
            result += cmd.Targets.Litteral[index] + retrieve_mapped_value(cmd.Targets.Variable[index], var_swap)
        }
    }
    if !is_first{
        result += "\\r\"\n"
    } else {
        result += "\n"
    }
    result += "sleep " + sleep_duration + "\n"
    if len(cmd.Interaction.Prompts) > 0{
        for p_index := range cmd.Interaction.Prompts{
            fmt.Println("cmd.Interaction.Prompts[p_index]\t" + cmd.Interaction.Prompts[p_index])
            result += "expect \"" + cmd.Interaction.Prompts[p_index] + "\"\nsend \""
            for r_index := range cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Litteral{
                fmt.Println("cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Litteral[r_index]\t'" + cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Litteral[r_index] + "'")
                fmt.Println("cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Variable[r_index]\t'" + cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Variable[r_index] + "'")
                fmt.Println("retrieve_mapped_value(cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Variable[r_index], var_swap)\t'" + retrieve_mapped_value(cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Variable[r_index], var_swap) + "'")
                result += cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Litteral[r_index]
                result += retrieve_mapped_value(cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Variable[r_index], var_swap)
                result += "" + "" + ""
            }
            result += "\\r\"\nsleep " + sleep_duration + "\n"
        }
    }
    if cmd.Expects != "" {
        result += "expect \"" + cmd.Expects + "\"\n"
    }
    return result
}

Suspect function
func retrieve_mapped_value(key string, mapping string_matrix) string{
    if key != "" {
        for _, layer := range mapping{
            if layer[0] == key {
                return layer[1]
            }
        }
    } else {
        return key
    }
    return "***No Match Error***"
}

What I should get
expect "Enter password for user root: "
send "e3H-*HGHu__7\r"
sleep 10

What I actually get
expect "Enter password for user root: "
\r"d "e3H-*HGHu__7
sleep 10

It is taking the last 3 characters of one line and overwriting the front with them.  I don't understand.

A: I never found the solution to this but the temp_add section of the below where I arbitrarily slice off the end of the string works.  There is some voodoo up in here.
func build_executable(cmd shell_command, var_swap string_matrix, is_first bool) string{
    sleep_duration := cmd.Sleep
    result := ""
    if !is_first{
        result = "send \""
    } else {
        result = "spawn "
    }
    result += cmd.Command
    if len(cmd.Options.Dashes) > 0 {
        for index := range cmd.Options.Dashes{
            if cmd.Options.Dashes[index] != "" || cmd.Options.Flags[index] != ""{
                result += " " + cmd.Options.Dashes[index] + cmd.Options.Flags[index]
            }
            if cmd.Options.Values[index] != ""{
                result += " " + cmd.Options.Values[index]
            }
        }
    }
    if len(cmd.Targets.Litteral) > 0{
        result += " "
        for index := range cmd.Targets.Litteral{
            result += cmd.Targets.Litteral[index] + retrieve_mapped_value(cmd.Targets.Variable[index], var_swap)
        }
    }
    if !is_first{
        result += "\\r\"\n"
    } else {
        result += "\n"
    }
    result += "sleep " + sleep_duration + "\n"
    if len(cmd.Interaction.Prompts) > 0{
        for p_index := range cmd.Interaction.Prompts{
            interaction_result := "expect \"" + cmd.Interaction.Prompts[p_index] + "\"\nsend \""
            temp_add := ""
            for r_index := range cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Litteral{
                interaction_result += cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Litteral[r_index]
                temp_add = retrieve_mapped_value(cmd.Interaction.Replies[p_index].Variable[r_index], var_swap)
                if temp_add != ""{      //this looks wasteful but it is needed for reasons I don't understand
                    temp_add += "\n"    //the basic explaination is it seems `retrieve_mapped_value` appends a carriage return & this
                    temp_add = temp_add[:len(temp_add) - 2]     //messes up the script, I don't know why it appends it, but removes it
                }
                interaction_result += temp_add
            }
            interaction_result += "\\r\"\nsleep " + sleep_duration + "\n"
            result += interaction_result
        }
    }
    if cmd.Expects != "" {
        result += "expect \"" + cmd.Expects + "\"\n"
    }
    return result
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


She has often shed her clothes in racy bedroom scenes as she plays Fiona Gallagher on her hit series Shameless.
So it's not surprising that Emmy Rossum keeps her figure in incredible shape.
And the 25-year-old actress showed off her fabulously toned body in a bikini yesterday as she did an energetic star jump into the pool.
Frolicking around in her floral two-piece, Emmy appeared to be taking advantage of the warm summer temperatures in California.
She appeared to be relaxing in her very own backyard with some friends.
Emmy is current filming the third season of her hit American comedy-drama on Showtime.
In the series she plays Fiona Gallagher - the eldest of the Frank Gallagher, a single father of six children who spends his days drunk as his kids learn to take care of themselves.
Phantom of the Opera star Emmy is dating her co-star Jacob Tyler More from the show.
Meanwhile Emmy is also due to star in a big screen adaptation of Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl's 1985 novel Beautiful Creatures.
The romance/horror story follows a teenage couple as the uncover dark secrets about their families and neighbourhood.
Skins star Jack O'Connell and Alice Englert (Singularity) play the romantic leads, Lena and Ethan.
Ringer star Zoe Deutch will play Ethan's mean but popular ex-girlfriend, Emily Asher.
Emmy will play a teen who becomes a dark witch on her 16th birthday.
The film also stars Jeremy Irons, Viola Davis and Emma Thompson.


text:
by Syed Waseem December 4, 2018, 8:25 pm in From The Editors, Science
Space X Postpones Launch of Rideshare Mission – Spaceflight SSO-A: SmallSat Express
Space X has delayed the launch of its Falcon 9 rocket which was scheduled for a Saturday lift-off with its payload of 64 SmallSats intended for low Earth orbit (LEO)
It looked like all systems go at SpaceX's West Coast launch pad at the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, after the spaceflight company announced Saturday morning that its Falcon 9 had rolled out to the launch site for its intended flight on Sunday.
Falcon 9 rolls out to SpaceX's West Coast launch pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base ahead of Sunday's targeted launch of 64 payloads for the Spaceflight SSO-A: SmallSat Express mission. Falcon 9's first stage for this mission completed two East Coast launches & landings this year. pic.twitter.com/7sgsdDzIbQ
— SpaceX (@SpaceX) December 1, 2018
However, late night the same day, the company tweeted that it was temporarily calling off the scheduled launch to run additional inspections of the rocket's second stage, saying that it was "working toward a backup launch opportunity" on Monday (Dec 3).
Standing down from tomorrow's launch attempt of Spaceflight SSO-A: SmallSat Express to conduct additional inspections of the second stage. Working toward a backup launch opportunity on December 3.
This was the third postponement of the launch in a matter of days.
Initially scheduled for Nov 19, the launch attempt was called off "to conduct additional pre-flight inspections."
Standing down from Monday's launch attempt of Spaceflight SSO-A: SmallSat Express to conduct additional pre-flight inspections. Once complete, we will confirm a new launch date.
— SpaceX (@SpaceX) November 17, 2018
The launch was then rescheduled for Nov 28 but once gain Space X announced a "no-go due to extreme high-altitude winds that violate Range requirements."
Wednesday's launch attempt of Spaceflight SSO-A from Vandenberg Air Force Base is currently no-go due to extreme high-altitude winds that violate Range requirements. Vehicle and payloads are healthy. We will announce a new launch date once confirmed with the Range.
If all goes well with the backup launch on Sunday, the Falcon 9 rocket should blast off at 10:32 am, carrying a payload of not one, not two, but 64 satellites on what the company is calling a "rideshare mission" organized by Spaceflight, a Seattle-based launch broker for SmallSats.
Ranging from Rubik's Cube-sized satellites to some that are as big as a refrigerator, the assorted spacecraft will be launched into a "Sun-Synchronous Low Earth Orbit" (LEO) on behalf of 34 U.S. and international organizations.
According to Spaceflight Industries, the mixed bag of satellites includes:
"15 microsats and 49 cubesats from both commercial and government entities, of which more than 25 are from international organizations from 17 countries, including United States, Australia, Italy, Netherlands, Finland, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Germany, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Poland, Canada, Brazil, and India."
The rideshare mission, named SSO-A: SmallSat Express, not only represents the Spaceflight's "first purchase of an entire Falcon 9 to accommodate the growing number of customers seeking affordable rideshare options to launch their spacecraft into orbit, it's also a historic launch," says the Spaceflight SSO-A website.
Some notable names among the 64 include:
NovaWurks
Helios Wire / Sirion Global
King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB)
Astrocast
Honeywell Aerospace
HawkEye 360
Nevada Museum of Art
Fleet Space Technologies
Audacy
Capella Space Corporation
University of Colorado Boulder Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space
Although Space X has flown used boosters in the past, it has never launched a previously-flown booster more than once.
The Spaceflight SSO-A: SmallSat Express mission will be the Hawthorne-based company's first attempt to fly a used-booster twice, which means it will be the booster's third flight if you include its debut flight when it was brand new.
Speaking at the International Astronautical Congress in Bremen, Germany, in October, Hans Koenigsmann, SpaceX's vice president of build and flight reliability, said that the company was working on flying a booster multiple times in the future.
"So far, we've only flown a booster twice," Koenigsmann said.
"Beginning soon, we will start flying a booster three times, and then take it to four times, five times, and so on and so forth," he said.
"We have obviously to be very careful in evaluating boosters that come back after multiple flights. We want to make sure that we don't see wear-and-tear in the wrong spots," Koenigsmann added.
The Falcon 9 first-stage booster being used for the SSO-A mission debuted in May when it lifted off from launch pad 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, carrying into orbit Bangladesh's communication satellite, Bangabandhu 1.
The booster returned back to land on Space X's drone ship in the Atlantic Ocean from where it was brought to Florida for inspection and repairs.
It was re-flown in August, blasting off from launch pad 40 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, also in Florida, this time carrying an Indonesian communications spacecraft called Merah Putih.
It returned without incident for another landing on the company's drone ship in the Atlantic.
It was brought back to terra firma for a cross-country haul to California where it was again inspected and refurbished and is now on the verge of its third mission, which should happen on Sunday, provided there are no further postponements.
Space X is planning to use the booster a fourth time if it manages to successfully land it a third time on the drone ship; however, this time around the drone-ship is stationed in the Pacific Ocean, off the Vandenberg cost.
Retrieving and re-flying boosters are still in a nascent stage and Space X is learning with each recovery and re-launch, as was pointed out by Koenigsmann in October.
"One of the problems is fatigue. You've got to watch the life cycle on components," Koenigsmann said.
"They vibrate, basically, and you've got to have an eye on fracture control and make sure that you don't have any fractures on those components," he said.
"That is actually not new. Helicopters do this right now. They are basically vibration machines, and they track, actually, the number of cycles, and they know exactly when they have to go into maintenance or preventive maintenance," Koenigsmann continued.
"Something similar is what we can do here on the rocket," he said.
"We can basically record the flight load, and then log this to the history of the part, and we can figure out when the part has to be exchanged, if it actually has to be exchanged.
Ideally, you do not want to change parts," Koenigsmann concluded.
So far, Space X has successfully achieved booster recoveries a record 21 times, achieving the last retrieval in May 2017 when a first-stage Falcon 9 returned to touch down on Landing Zone-1 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
It was the ninth recovery on Landing Zone-1, while 12 retrievals were made on 'autonomous spaceport drone ships' in the ocean.
scienceSpaceX
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Preparations for SpaceX's Second Falcon 9 Launch of the Year Underway
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text:
Why the black community can't stay neutral on Bill Cosby
AP Photo/Phelan M. Ebenhack
It's not the moment to suspend judgement.
By Khadijah Costley White
Assistant professor, Rutgers University
November 24, 2014 This article is more than 2 years old.
This past week marked a poignant convergence of vying media narratives that brought to the surface two conflicting impulses within the black community. At a moment when young women have figured prominently in the organized protest of the police killing of a young black man in Ferguson, Missouri, we watched one of the most renowned and beloved black men in the country fall from grace because of his alleged attacks on women. As the nation held its collective breath waiting for a grand jury verdict in the August shooting of Mike Brown, prominent members of the black community came to the defense of Bill Cosby despite mounting allegations of his drugging and raping more than a dozen women over a four-decade span. In the wake of a heated summer defined by violence against black men and women alike, we find ourselves yet again invoking a long tradition of denying the suffering of one while loudly protesting the other.
If the police slayings of Eric Garner and Mike Brown reminded us of the everyday threats that black men face on American streets, the concurrent discussion of football player Ray Rice's assault on his wife Janay made it clear that violence against women takes a backseat in terms of community concerns. High-profile commentators like Stephen A. Smith seemed to fault Janay for her husband's attack that knocked her unconscious while laying blame for the deaths of Garner and Brown squarely on the perpetrators of the violence that led to their deaths. The clear message in all of these stories: defend the reputation and lives of black men, even at the cost of black women.
Of course, Bill Cosby's alleged victims aren't all black women, but the response from black men (and women) reflect an intense cultural suspicion of rape as a rhetorical weapon that has been levied against black progress. Since tropes of brutish black men raping white women have literally led to the devastation of entire black communities, rape has taken on a somewhat mythic form that extends beyond a larger societal culture of victim blaming and shaming. When CNN anchor Don Lemon asked alleged victim 64-year old Joan Tarshis why she had not used her teeth "as a weapon" if she had been forced by Cosby to participate in oral sex, we are given insight into the particular kind of racialized skepticism that black women survivors endure. On the View, Whoopi Goldberg said she "had a lot of questions" about one of the victims' story. Famed saxophonist Tony Williams said that accusations about Bill Cosby being a rapist were a lie from "folks looking for positive notoriety" and on Twitter comedian Faizon Love wrote that he "questioned these h*es motives." A debate on News One expressed concern about the "sullying of his reputation." In the defense of Cosby within the black community, too many women survivors are able to see the denunciation of their pain. While Ferguson is a testament to the labor of black women on behalf of black men, Cosby is proof of their exclusions.
The extensive history of false rape accusations against black men has led to a silencing around sexual assault in the black community. While significant to the developing civil rights movements, black women's anti-rape activism throughout the late 19th century and 20th century targeted the largely unpunished attacks they experienced at the hands of white men. Accusing black men meant risking their lives in an unjust legal system and seemed to be a betrayal, especially in a society that rarely highlights positive images of black men. Reporting rape could lend credence to the stereotype of the hypersexual black man and possibly meant stripping a black family of a patriarch society said was necessary. And so today, though studies suggest that over black women are slightly more likely to experience sexual assault (and typically at the hands of a black man), they are three times less likely than their white female peers to report the crime.
This silence became a tradition and a norm. Dominating women became a right of black male patriarchy, a twisted symbol of black men's insubordination and resistance against oppression. During the civil rights movement, radical activists across the world read and revered Soul on Ice, a book written by black Panther Eldridge Cleaver that boldly celebrated rape as a revolutionary tool. Reverend James Bevel, a close friend of Martin Luther King Jr. and famed civil rights leader, would be convicted of raping his own daughters many years after King's death. Despite admitting to violating at least one of his children, Bevel argued that the charges levied against him represented a "plo[t] to destroy [his] reputation." A history of sexual harassment did not keep Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas from becoming one of the most powerful men in the country. In 2004, the NAACP nominated R. Kelly for an Image award while he was awaiting trial for charges related to allegedly having sex with an underage girl. And when boxer Mike Tyson was convicted of raping a beauty pageant contestant in 1991, the largest black Christian denomination in the country raised money for his defense and black nationalist leader Louis Farrakhan blamed the women for tempting Tyson. "How many times, sisters" he asked, "have you said 'no' and meant 'yes'?"
And so when all evidence points to the likelihood that Bill Cosby is a serial rapist, too many people in the black community express doubt about the testimonies of 15 women (and counting). In this way, these spaces of resistance and community have never been places where black women can really get free—not the civil rights movement, not the pulpits that too often place male pastors on literal thrones, and not in the privacy and safety of their own homes. A football player's attempt to rape his wife in September received little attention, but the bullet-torn body of Mike Brown triggered a national movement.
Rape apologists in the black community pretend that "staying neutral" on Bill Cosby isn't so very much like "staying neutral" on Darren Wilson. And while young black women continue to put their lives and bodies on the lines protesting the loss of a black man's life, it has become clear that when it comes to defending the safety and dignity of women's bodies, black men can scarcely be expected to return the favor. Protecting women is a priority as long as it doesn't undermine the fragile patriarchy of black men. The denial of women's suffering becomes the cost of black fraternity, and this invisibility represents a community's own self-destruction—it is a snake eating its own tail.