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Les services français de contre-espionnage, malgré la défaite de 1940, ont continué de fonctionner pour contrer les services allemands (Gestapo, SD-SS, Abwehr) en zone libre.

Contre-espionnage sur le territoire national
À la déclaration de guerre, les structures de contre-espionnage se mettent en place selon les directives du décret du . Le  bis se mue en cinquième bureau de l'état-major, plaçant sous l'autorité militaire la totalité de la lutte contre l'espionnage ennemi à l'intérieur comme à l'extérieur. Des Bureaux centraux du renseignement sont déployés. La Section de centralisation des renseignements (SCR militaire) prend en charge tous les services nécessaires à son action (services de contrôle postaux et téléphoniques).

A la suite de la défaite, le  cesse d'exister officiellement en France le 27 juin 1940. Il lui succède un service de renseignement clandestin. Avec l'accord du général Weygand, s'installe une double structure :

 un organisme "officiel", les Bureaux des Menées Antinationales (BMA), au nombre de 8, établis en France non-occupée (décret du 8 septembre 1940) :
Bourg-en-Bresse,
Châteauroux,
Limoges,
Clermont-Ferrand,
Lyon,
Marseille,
Montpellier,
Toulouse,
AFN (Alger, Rabat et Tunis).
 un organisme clandestin, l'Entreprise des Travaux Ruraux (TR), qui sert de couverture à des postes de contre-espionnage "offensif".

Il faut ajouter une vague mission d'Inspecteur général des Services de la Sureté nationale confié au colonel Georges Groussard. Ce service éphémère fut dissous en février 1941. Il y eut, semble-t-il, collaboration puis double emploi avec les BMA.

Il y eut aussi une survivance en zone libre de la Surveillance du territoire (ST) dans le cadre de la réorganisation de la police nationale. Elle fut dirigée par un inspecteur général des services de surveillance du territoire (contrôleur général Castaing puis capitaine de vaisseau Rolin sous Darlan).

Sous couvert de la législation sur l'état de siège opportunément maintenue, les BMA et les postes TR, en collaboration avec la ST et avec la Justice militaire, purent, au moins jusqu'à mi-1941, continuer à débusquer et faire arrêter les agents de l'Abwehr. Certains furent transférés en Afrique du Nord (AFN). Ce sont 316 agents de l'Axe (dont 16 fusillés).

Les succès inattendus des BMA et des TR irritèrent l'occupant nazi et le gouvernement de l'état français de Vichy fut contraint de restreindre les moyens. Les missions de contre-espionnage furent transférées aux autorités civiles. Les ST perdirent la tutelle des BMA. On voit apparaître un nouveau service de renseignements, le Centre d'information gouvernemental (CIG) pour coiffer les activités des trois services de renseignement ex-militaires (SR Guerre, SR Marine et SR Air).

En 1942, Vichy dissout les BMA avec l'arrivée de Pierre Laval. Le , est créé un service de Sécurité Militaire (SSM) confié au commandant Paillole, sans moyens et sous haute surveillance.

Après le débarquement des Anglo-Américains en Afrique du Nord, les troupes allemandes envahissent la Zone non-occupée en novembre 1942. Les services officiels de contre-espionnage disparaissent en France, y compris les brigades de surveillance du territoire. Les services replient leur personnel sur Alger.

Il subsiste toutefois une double structure clandestine :
 le réseau Travaux ruraux (TR,) dirigé par le commandant Roger Lafont (Verneuil)
 un échelon précurseur du SSM (SM précurseur), dirigé par le commandant Henri Navarre, destiné à préparer l'implantation de la Sécurité militaire dans les premiers combats à venir pour la Libération.

Tout ceci se déroule sur fond de rivalités en Algérie entre les généraux Giraud et de Gaulle, jusqu'à l'unification des mouvements de résistance.

Contre-espionnage en Afrique du Nord
L'Afrique du nord, de 1940 à 1942, est comme un prolongement de la zone libre de métropole séparée par la Méditerranée. Elle est le grand espoir et le centre d'attraction pour une partie des résistants, ceux qui pour diverses raisons ne veulent pas rejoindre le général de Gaulle. Alger devient le second pôle de la revanche française. Il se trouvera là des militaires de l'armée d'armistice que les nazis ont fait expulser vers l'AFN ou qui ont démissionné et gagné l'AFN. D'une manière générale, les Français d'AFN sont anti-allemands en grande majorité. Des organismes comme la LVF, le SOL, etc. sont virulents mais en minorité nette. Le contre-espionnage en Afrique du Nord  est d'abord dirigé par le colonel Jean Chrétien  du début de l'année 1941 au début de l'année 1943  puis par le commandant Paul Paillole.

Commissions de contrôle nazies
Malgré l'armistice, la France reste relativement maître chez elle en Afrique du Nord où il règne une certaine hostilité vis-à-vis des Allemands et notamment ceux des commissions de contrôle de l'armistice. Ceux-ci sont "enveloppés de sollicitude", accompagnés dans leurs moindres déplacements. Leur action est engluée, paralysée sous couvert de manifestations de collaborations amicales. En effet, l'État major de l'Armée a fait camoufler, en particulier au Maroc, de gros stocks d'armes et de munitions et en fait fabriquer clandestinement, en vue d'une mobilisation secrète et rapide. Il faut couvrir ces activités à l'occupant nazi et à son allié italien. Des brigades de police spécialisée sont à l'œuvre, le courrier est surveillé et les conversations téléphoniques écoutées. Tout contact de civils avec les commissions aboutit à des arrestations discrètes et parfois à des incarcérations au secret voire des liquidations physiques.

Les Allemands ne sont pas dupes, protestent mais leurs agents sont éliminés impitoyablement. Les Commissions se résignent à exécuter strictement leurs missions officielles et ne rencontrent que du vide.

Défense contre les réseaux nazis
Dans chacune des cinq divisions territoriales de l'AFN existe un bureau militaire de contre-espionnage disposant d'une brigade de surveillance du territoire. Ils s'appuient sur des hommes choisis provenant de différents services tels que les corps de troupes, la gendarmerie, la marine, la douane, les forestiers, etc. ainsi que sur des civils bénévoles. Cette organisation efficace fait tomber et décliner l'effort allemand : les arrestations d'espions passent de  en 1943 à  en 1944. D'interrogatoires en arrestations se fait peu à peu la découverte des services de renseignement allemands.

En Afrique du Nord, entre janvier et fin octobre 1942,  agents furent arrêtés.

Les efforts de propagande ennemis sur les musulmans furent jugulés et des chefs marocains incarcérés à la suite de contacts avec les nazis. Des agents retournés ont fourni de faux renseignements : ils ont été intoxiqués. D'autres sont appâtés par des agents français jouant de faux nazis.

Le Contrôle postal d'Alger tourne à plein avec plus de  lettres par jour examinées et recollées à l'identique. En 1942, le réseau d'écoute (radio et téléphone) augmente son efficacité. Le PPF n'existe plus et la Légion tricolore voit son recrutement se tarir.

En Allemagne, l'Abwehr commence à être combattu au profit du Sicherheitsdienst SS, ce qui fragilise l'édifice d'espionnage nazi en AFN. Le débarquement allié achèvera l'œuvre entreprise.

Contexte en zone non-occupée
Le chasseur était devenu gibier. Le contre-espionnage allait se dérouler dans la clandestinité au milieu d'un climat de trahison généralisé. Il sera animé par les services de la France Libre de Londres et par certains membres des services de l'État français de Vichy hostiles aux Allemands.

Le BCRA à Londres

Le commandant André Dewavrin (Passy), arrivé à Londres dans les premiers, en 1940, fut choisi par le général de Gaulle pour organiser les services spéciaux de la France libre. En charge d'abord du  Bureau de l'État-major des Forces françaises libres, il crée une section de contre-espionnage (note de service 2464 SR du 16 décembre 1941) qui fut intégrée à l'ensemble des services de renseignements de la France libre. C'est la naissance du Bureau Central de Renseignement et d'Action militaire (BCRAM) qui deviendra en septembre 1942 le BCRA. Le service de contre-espionnage est confié à Roger Warin (dit Wybot). Il avait pour mission de filtrer soigneusement les volontaires

Roger Wybot va collaborer avec les services du Special branch de Scotland Yard et notamment avec le Patriotic School. C'est dans ce dernier organisme, centre de filtrage mis en place par les autorités britanniques pour dépister les tentatives d'infiltration d'espions, que passent tous les nouveaux arrivants de toutes les nationalités. Ils sont soumis à une série d'interrogatoires redoutables.

Le fichier conçu par Roger Wybot est d'une efficacité redoutable. Il est remplacé par Pierre Bloch à la fin de 1942.

En 1943-1944, le travail d'unification du contre-espionnage se réalise à Alger, à la suite du débarquement anglo-américain. La compétition entre les généraux Giraud et de Gaulle puis leur rapprochement politique aboutit le 27 novembre 1943 à une unique Direction générale des services spéciaux (DGSS) avec préservation de l'unité  du contre-espionnage. Les services spéciaux militaires seuls possédaient en France occupée les réseaux engagés dans la pénétration  des services nazis et la protection des réseaux de résistance.

Actions en vue de la libération
Les services réunifiés poursuivent leurs actions de chasse aux espions en AFN. Sur le territoire national occupé, les réseaux vont s'impliquer dans les opérations d'intoxication des services allemands. L'implantation d'agents doubles va servir de moyen d'action redoutable surtout dans la préparation des débarquements sur le sol de France.

Le réseau Éleuthère se signale par une action importante contre une unité blindée allemande, la 9e Panzerdivision SS Hohenstaufen, étrillée en Russie à Tarnopol :  La division a cessé d'être opérationnelle, ses débris seront jetés dans la bataille de Normandie le 12 juin 1944, comme réserve.]

Dans le cas du débarquement principal de Normandie et de celui de Provence, ils joignent leurs efforts à ceux des opérations Fortitude de désinformation des services allemands et contribuent à la désorganisation qui règne déjà. Le seul service de renseignements allemand qui conserve un peu de lucidité face à l'intoxication sera celui de l'état-major de la Kriegsmarine. En effet, après le , l'Abwehr est éliminée et ses chefs exécutés dont l'Amiral Wilhelm Canaris. Le Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) est devenu tout puissant. Le parti nazi détient le monopole du renseignement allemand. Seule la Kriegsmarine ose mettre en doute l'efficacité du RSHA en matière de renseignements militaires.

Libération de la France
Après les débarquements de Normandie et de Provence, la responsabilité des activités exclusives de la Sécurité militaire coiffe le contre-espionnage. Comme prévu, les Bureaux de la Sécurité militaire (BSM) se reconstituent grâce au Service précurseur dormant en France. Ceci résulte d'un accord avec le haut-commandement allié (SHAEF) négocié par le commandant Paillole. Ceci met fin à la menace américaine d'établir en France l'AMGOT honni et consolide le

Postérité
Peu de temps après la libération de Paris, en novembre 1944, intervient la séparation des services de contre-espionnage et de la sécurité militaire. Des apports en provenance des FFI sont incorporés dans un nouveau service, la Direction des Études et de la Recherche (DGER) qui deviendra le Service de Détection de l'Espionnage et de Contre-Espionnage (SDECE) en date du 17 novembre 1944. Une nouvelle sécurité militaire est constituée au sein du Ministère des Armées.

La Direction de la Surveillance du territoire (DST) fut créée le 16 novembre 1944 et rattachée au ministère de l'Intérieur.

À quelques semaines de la fin de l'année 1944, toute l'organisation du contre-espionnage a été profondément remodelée et ce, de façon durable.

Affaires d'agents doubles

Sources

Bibliographie

 Olivier Lahaie, Guerre des services spéciaux en Afrique du Nord, d'après les mémoires inédits de Jean Chrétien, Histoire & Collections, 2015. Préface d'Olivier Forcade.

Notes

Liens externes
 Histoirece du Contre-espionnage en France 1971-1945 Bernard Warusfeld (PDF)
Les organes de répression de l'État Français (Vichy (PDF))

Histoire militaire de la France
Ancien service de renseignements français
Histoire de la France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale


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Q: Android download file from google cloud storage I can upload image to google storage, now i'm trying to download this file but i have a nullPointerException
            try {
                List<String> scopes = new ArrayList<String>();
                scopes.add(StorageScopes.DEVSTORAGE_FULL_CONTROL);
                httpTransport = new com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport();

                // agarro la key y la convierto en un file
                AssetManager am = mContext.getAssets();
                InputStream inputStream = am.open(mContext.getResources().getString(R.string.storage_p12_key_path)); // you
                File file = stream2file(inputStream);

                // Google Credentianls
                GoogleCredential credential = new GoogleCredential.Builder().setTransport(httpTransport).setJsonFactory(jsonFactory)
                        .setServiceAccountId(mContext.getResources().getString(R.string.storage_mail_id))
                        .setServiceAccountScopes((scopes)).setServiceAccountPrivateKeyFromP12File(file).build();
                String URI = null;
                HttpRequestFactory requestFactory = httpTransport.createRequestFactory(credential);

                GenericUrl url = new GenericUrl(URI);
                HttpRequest getRequest;
                getRequest = requestFactory.buildGetRequest(url);

                com.google.api.client.http.HttpResponse response =     getRequest.execute();
                String content = response.parseAsString();
                Log.d("debug", "response is:" + response.getStatusCode());
                Log.d("debug", "response content is:" + content);

            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

On this line getRequest.execute(); i get nullPointer exception
any help would be greatly appreciated

A: Without looking at your stack trace, I can't be sure, but I presume it's because URI is null. This bit:
String URI = null;
GenericUrl url = new GenericUrl(URI); //url is to a null URI
HttpRequest getRequest = requestFactory.buildGetRequest(url); //getRequest for a null URL
getRequest.execute() // call to a null URI.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Bitcoin jumps 5pct on day in record-setting spree
Bitcoin jumped more than five percent on Friday. Photo credit: Getty Images
Bitcoin jumped more than five percent on Friday to fresh record highs of US$41,530, reversing losses from earlier in the session.
The world's most popular digital currency slid to as low as US$36,618.36 on Bitstamp exchange before bouncing back. Rival cryptocurrency ethereum rose three percent after sinking more than 10 percent.
Bitcoin has rallied nearly 1,000 percent since a low in March. It topped US$30,000 for the first time on January 2, after surpassing US$20,000 on December 16.
Some market participants had warned of a correction after the US$40,000 milestone was reached, but bitcoin was poised to register it's 11th session of gains out of the last 12.
The world has a new richest man
'The best $3 I've spent in years': Booking a cruise during COVID-19 was money well spent, accountant says
Increased demand from institutional, corporate, and more recently retail investors has powered bitcoin's surge, attracted by the prospect of quick gains in a world of ultra-low yields and negative interest rates.
"We are seeing a continued demand spike driven largely by sustained and unprecedented institutional interest, showing no sign of abating as we move into 2021," said Frank Spiteri of digital asset manager CoinShares.
JPMorgan strategists wrote on January 5 that the digital currency has emerged as a rival to gold and could trade as high as US$146,000 if it becomes established as a safe-haven asset.
Interest in the world's biggest cryptocurrency soared last year, with investors viewing bitcoin as a hedge against inflation and an alternative to the depreciating dollar.
Bank of America investment strategists on Friday said "violent" inflationary price action in markets helped bitcoin's rally in the last two months.
But it warned that the cryptocurrency "blows-the-doors-off prior bubbles", such as the dotcom bubble in the late 1990s, China in the 2000s and gold in the 1970s.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Vision – Mission – Values
Remanufacturing Benefits
'40 '45 '50 '55 '60 '65 '70 '75 '80 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15 '18
Open Large View
ATC Drivetrain / Contact
ATC Drivetrain
ATC Drivetrain is a world leader in the remanufacturing of transmissions and engines and related components for light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles.
Our services include process and salvage engineering, warranty root cause analysis and testing, machining for repair and salvage of components, as well as recycling of non-reclaimable material. ATC Drivetrain serves automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for both in-warranty and out-of-warranty products and services throughout the world.
ATC Drivetrain combines a rich legacy of over 80 years of automotive remanufacturing with a progressive approach that is oriented toward the future of the industry.
In 2019, ATC will offer our clients an expanded geographic presence and an increased technological capacity. We will continue to improve delivery times and product quality, while pursuing opportunities to reduce both the amount of waste material and the expense of warranty fulfillment. Our efforts will result in elevated environmental standards, higher profits for our customers, and lower cost for consumers.
ATC's future has never been brighter than it is today. We continue our pursuit of global expansion while maintaining a culture focused on providing market leading service to our customers, team members, and shareholders.
ATC Announces Head of North America Independent Aftermarket
See full news page
E customerservice@atcdt.com
A 9901 W Reno Ave
9901 W Reno Ave
customerservice@atcdt.com
ATC Drivetrain © 2021


We have a vacation trailer which my husband keeps at a camping area in the sierras, actually in Villa General Belgrano (Cordoba Argentina). It is a beautiful Swiss/German style town, settled by Germans in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Hundreds of things to do year round so a tourist will never get bored. My husband brought the trailer to Cordoba Capital for some maintenance but he is taking it back again today. Everyone is excited about spending a few weeks at the campgrounds. My husband will stay in the trailer, the kids in tents. I will not be able to spend the entire vacaction with them but I will go up for a day or two. I am not actually a big fan of camping out in nature. My vacation will be having the house to myself for a week or two and visiting with my parents and grandmother who will be in town for the holidays.


Tonights playlist has meaning behind it and a powerful message.
On Friday the 21st of August 2015, Music Cafe in Leicester are hosting an event called Love Music, Hate Racism.
When the day comes i shall be at the event enjoying all the amazing live music and showing my support to the cause. I will be doing more of an in-depth blog post about the event the day after, allowing me to talk more about it.
The playlist i have made for tonight is a mixture of genres that will be played at the event. I would like to say when making my playlists i am a very professional person, however the reality is that the reason it takes me ages to make them is because i constantly pause to jig about and enthusiastically dance.
If you are planning to attend the Love Music, The Racism event hosted by Music Cafe (which i encourage many of you to), i would love for you to get in contact with me so you can share your thoughts on the event.


text:
Business Models & Organizational Structure»
How Should a Company Determine Who Its Stakeholders Are?
by Jonathan Lister
A small-business owner strives to positively impact his customers.
1 Definition of a Subchapter C Corporation
2 Shareholders vs. Employees
3 The Advantages of Paying Salary in an S Corporation
4 What Are the Motives Behind Corporate Restructuring?
A company's stakeholders include more than just shareholders or ownership. Every stakeholder has a varying degree of interest in a company's success. The level of interest usually ties directly to the amount of money stakeholders have on the line should the company fail or return a smaller-than-expected profit. A company must carefully choose its stakeholders to ensure the business can maintain an acceptable level of success and meet its financial obligations.
Stakeholder Definition
Stakeholders are people, separate organizations or groups with direct or indirect interests in the company's success. A large or small business' stakeholders range from creditors and employees to shareholders, owners, labor unions and the surrounding community, according to Business Dictionary's website. The type of stakeholders for a business depends largely the company's legal definition. For example, a corporation can sell stock and have shareholders, while a sole proprietorship or business partnership cannot do so legally.
Choosing Company Shareholders
A small business incorporated as a C or regular corporation has no restrictions on who may purchase shares of company stock. It's also illegal for a C corporation to restrict who may purchase its stock among the general public or other companies. By contrast, an S corporation may only allow United States citizens and permanent residents. Private or public companies cannot be stakeholders in an S corporation. Additionally, an S corporation can only have 100 shares of stock at any one time, while a C corporation can have unlimited shares of stock.
Business Creditors
Creditors as stakeholders have an interest in a business because as long as the company continues to be successful, creditors continue to receive timely payments on business loans and lines of credit. A small or large business should choose creditors carefully to avoid entering into agreements that will hinder the company's long-term growth potential. Avoiding loan offers with variable interest rates or loans that force a business owner to guarantee the debt with personal assets can help a company predict its future costs and protect ownership's personal belongings should the business fail.
Hiring Quality Employees
Employees have a vested interest in a small or large company's continued success whether the employees realize it or not. If the company goes under, the employees are out of jobs and steady income -- at least in the short term. According to Bankrate.com's website, a business clearly defining its positional needs, maintaining a constant recruiting cycle and showing no fear in attempting to steal the best employees from the competition can increase the likelihood of hiring the best workers for each available position.
Bankrate.com: 12 Tips For Small-Business Hiring
BusinessDictionary.com: Stakeholder
InvestorGuide.com: What is a C Corporation?
SCorporationsExplained.com: Who Can Be an S Corporation Shareholder?
Jonathan Lister has been a writer and content marketer since 2003. His latest book publication, "Bullet, a Demos City Novel" is forthcoming from J Taylor Publishing in June 2014. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from Shippensburg University and a Master of Fine Arts in writing and poetics from Naropa University.
Lister, Jonathan. "How Should a Company Determine Who Its Stakeholders Are?" Small Business - Chron.com, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/should-company-determine-its-stakeholders-are-31148.html. Accessed 18 July 2019.
Lister, Jonathan. (n.d.). How Should a Company Determine Who Its Stakeholders Are? Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/should-company-determine-its-stakeholders-are-31148.html
Lister, Jonathan. "How Should a Company Determine Who Its Stakeholders Are?" accessed July 18, 2019. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/should-company-determine-its-stakeholders-are-31148.html
Bankruptcy & the Effect on the Corporate Shareholder
What Is Business Cash Flow?
What Happens After Dissolving a Company?
The Advantages of an Employee Company Buyout
What Is an Incorporated Business?
The Role of the Board & Shareholders in a Small Business
Who Are the Typical Stakeholders in HR Projects?
How Does an Incorporation Work on a Bankruptcy?
Is Low or High Better on Financial Ratios?
Information About LLCs & Incorporations
Different Stakeholders in Business


Andrew Kerr, Gregory Diamos, and Sudhakar Yalamanchili. "Modeling GPU-CPU Workloads and Systems." Third Workshop on General-Purpose Computation on Graphics Procesing Units. March 2010.
Heterogeneous systems, systems with multiple processors tailored for specialized tasks, are challenging programming environments. While it may be possible for domain experts to optimize a high performance application for a very specific and well documented system, it may not perform as well or even function on a different system. Developers who have less experience with either the application domain or the system architecture may devote a significant effort to writing a program that merely functions correctly. We believe that a comprehensive analysis and modeling framework is necessary to ease application development and automate program optimization on heterogeneous platforms.
This paper reports on an empirical evaluation of 25 CUDA applications on four GPUs and three CPUs, leveraging the Ocelot dynamic compiler infrastructure which can execute and instrument the same CUDA applications on either target. Using a combination of instrumentation and statistical analysis, we record 37 different metrics for each application and use them to derive relationships between program behavior and performance on heterogeneous processors. These relationships are then fed into a modeling framework that attempts to predict the performance of similar classes of applications on different processors. Most significantly, this study identifies several non-intuitive relationships between program characteristics and demonstrates that it is possible to accurately model CUDA kernel performance using only metrics that are available before a kernel is executed.


I was thinking of an upcoming event for this week with battles of 1944. In the Pacific, West, East or Mediterranean ... but my suggestion of maps is random without a specific combat front!
cool, so which option is the best at the moment guys?
I wish we also had battles from 1944 with these maps or others ... maybe after this event?
What about an event with maps featuring mountain terrain?
@gecleprami: good idea! We will keep it in mind for after Panzer-Lehr-Division-event.
I liked the idea, man nice.


The Priory of Sion was incorporated by one Pierre Plantard in France in the mid 1950's likely as some sort of confidence trick or practical joke. Plantard was a known confidence trickster. Plantard was a known confidence trickster.... "The Priory of Sion," he began, "was founded in Jerusalem in 1099 by a French king named Godefroi de Bouillon, immediately after he conquered the city." (Chapter 37, p. 157) Godefroi de Bouillon was not 'a French king', he was the Count of Lorraine.
Has anyone ever watched this video. It's about the The Priory of Sion. It's from a movie called Bloodline. The guy who is being interviewd talks about The Priory of Sion, how you become one of them and and when the secret could be revealed.... The Priory of Sion by Jean-Luc Chaumeil, 9781905297412, available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide.
The mysteries of Rennes-le-Château and the Priory of Sion have gripped the imagination of modern culture, producing factual and fictional best-sellers which have spun webs of mystery and speculation.... 7/10/2010 · In the book "The Da Vinci code" how did people get to become members of the Priory of Sion? In that book there is this secret organisation that is known as the priory of sion which people like Isaac Newton and Da Vinci were once member.
The Priory of Sion was a hoax, perpetrated in 1956 by Pierre Plantard. Priory of Sion - Wikipedia. The Illuminati was a real secret society but ceased to exist after the death of its founder.
The national Chapter for all of France, the Priory of Sion is steeped in legend and mystique. It's famed artisans and aesthetics, as well as the cultural force it propogates across the world, has always endeared it to the White Order.
Join now to receive all the new music HRSUnderground creates, including this release and 21 back-catalog releases, delivered instantly to you via the Bandcamp app for iOS and Android.


text:
Fatal Head-On Crash on U.S. 285 South of Roswell
Chaves County, NM – On May 11, 2022, at about 4:15 a.m., the New Mexico State Police was called to investigate a fatal head-on collision on U.S. 285 around milepost 85 south of Roswell, NM.
The initial investigation indicated that a 2008 Chevy Tahoe, driven by Alexa Renee Fox, 23, of Carlsbad, NM was traveling north on U.S. 285. For unknown reasons, the Tahoe crossed the center median and struck a southbound 2013 Ford F-550 head-on. Fox was killed in the collision and pronounced deceased on the scene by the Office of the Medical Investigator. The driver of the Ford was transported to the hospital for injuries received in the crash. His condition is not known.
Seatbelts appear to have been properly worn in this crash which is under investigation by the New Mexico State Police.


Things to do in Montreal- Your guide to nightlife and more!
Montreal is famed for its thriving nightlife and melange of culture. If you are here for work or on a vacation, you would probably spend at least three days enjoying sights in different districts. Did you know that Montreal has the greatest number of French-speaking people in the world, just after Paris? No wonder, it's also referred as the "The Paris of Canada". In this post, we will talk about the nightlife in Montreal and what you can expect to do here.
Bar hopping is the thing here!
Rue Crescent. This is located in downtown, where most bars serve tourists and English-speaking people. Yes, the prices are on the high side, but again, the experience is worth paying, especially if you don't mind paying that tad more.
Then there's Boulevard Saint-Laurent, where you will find the student crowd. The prices are more affordable, and if you like to stay with the young, this is a nice place to understand the fun life of Montreal.
The final range of trendy and fun bars are located between avenue des Pins and rue Sherbrooke. These basically cater to Francophones, but you will find some really budget choices here. If you want to experience bar hopping with the French-speaking audience, Rue Saint-Denis is where you need to head.
Montreal has an insane number of bars, so there's never a need to wait for a drink. Events are aplenty, and most of the better bars do have pool tables and other things that you can enjoy. Keep the weekend in mind, because you would find most of the town having a lazy drink by the evening. Also, some of the places serve insanely cheap beer, which might attract backpackers.
Dance clubs are also fun here in Montreal, especially around the downtown area. Some of the best ones can be found at boulevard Saint-Laurent. After-hours clubs are also a thing here, and these are open after 3 am, but don't serve alcohol by law. Check online for more details.


Tintri has announced a refresh of its T-series all-flash arrays based on upgraded 3D Nand flash drives, plus scale-out capability for its all-flash and hybrid flash arrays.
The hardware upgrade has been applied to the T5060 and T5080 all-flash arrays, as well as the T5040 entry-level flash box.
The 2U arrays can take flash drives of 0.5TB, 1TB, 2TB and 4TB. Depending on which drives are fitted, capacity ranges from 6T to 23TB in the T5040, 12 to 46TB in the T5060 and between 25 to 92TB in the T5080. That's raw capacity, which Tintri claims is boosted by up to 5:1 data deduplication ratio.
Input/output (I/O) performance ranges from 100,000 input/output operations per second (IOPS) to a possible 200,000 IOPS. Quality of service (QoS) operates at a per-virtual machine (VM) level, as does replication.
Tintri arrays connect as file access via a network file system (NFS) or server message block (SMB) and offer storage in native format to virtualisation hypervisors, so doing away with traditional storage provisioning formats such as the logical unit number (LUN).
The new scale-out functionality is part of an upgrade to the Tintri Global Center management suite, which can manage up to 32 Tintri nodes. It will allow customers to define a pool of storage of up to 10 Tintri nodes that can be treated as a single pool for optimisation purposes.
Using scale-out functionality, Tintri claims customers can scale up to around 10PB of capacity and host storage for up to 160,000 VMs.
Scale-out functionality allows multiple physical storage devices to be connected and for data to be retained and managed as a pool, with policies and actions applied across them.
It arose initially in the network-attached storage (NAS) space, where scale-out systems offered the ability to link many NAS boxes together where previously discrete systems had become siloed, with data inaccessible.
Tintri's scale-out functionality is based on the Global Center's ability to track stats at virtual machine level from all nodes in the pool, such as whether, for example, sets of drives are thin provisioned.
On the basis of this, the Global Center (a storage control platform) can make least-cost recommendations to migrate data from one set of media to another to relieve I/O hotspots.
Tintri supports VMware, Microsoft Hyper-V, Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, and Citrix Xen virtualisation platforms on its arrays and can support them all in a scale-out pool. However, at this time scale-out will only make recommendations for migration to optimise between VMware and Hyper-V.
Will this eventually extend to optimisation and migration between all supported hypervisors?
Computer Weekly surveys the startups and specialists in the all-flash array space and finds a market in which advanced storage features are becoming the norm, while suppliers battle down to $1/GB.
Startups are as active as ever in the hybrid flash market, with new entrants to the fray since last year, but all-flash is making inroads too.


Preliminary figures show that the visible trade gap narrowed by €100 million in June when compared to the corresponding month last year.
Provisional data for international trade show that the visible trade gap in June stood at €168.1 million, down by €100 million when compared to the corresponding month last year. There were decreases in imports and exports of €196.8 million and €96.8 million respectively.
The decrease in the value of imports was primarily due to mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials. Other decreases were registered in all the other major commodity groups, except for animal and vegetable oils and fats, and miscellaneous transactions and commodities. Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials accounted for the main decrease in exports, with other decreases recorded for miscellaneous manufactured articles, semi-manufactured goods, beverages and tobacco, and miscellaneous transactions and commodities.
In the first six months this year, the visible trade gap narrowed by €70.5 million, to €881.9 million. The decrease in imports of €216.2 million was mainly due to machinery and transport equipment, and mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials. Other decreases were recorded for all other major commodity groups.
and related materials. Other decreases were noted for miscellaneous manufactured articles, semi-manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, crude materials, and miscellaneous transactions and commodities.
A substantial amount of Malta's trade flows and consequent trade defi cit continued to be directed towards the European Union. Decreases were registered in imports from Italy, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany and Belgium, while there was an increase from the Netherlands. Exports to the euro area declined, mainly to France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Belgium, while increases in exports were recorded for Japan, Libya, Singapore, the United States of America, India and China.


Think you know about copper pipe? Let's see.
Copper pipe has been around since the dawn of plumbing, well not quite, aqua ducts came first, then galvanized pipe was used for domestic water lines from the late 1800's till around 1960 and that is when copper pipe took over.
Think copper pipe is just copper pipe?
Do you know how many types of copper pipe there are?
Do you know that copper comes in both ridged and soft style?
Do you know the appropriate application of the different types and different styles of pipe?
There are 3 types of copper pipe, these types are labeled by letters and these letters differentiate wall thickness.
Type L – is available in both ridged and soft pipe. Type L ridged pipe is typically used above ground on commercial sites. Soft type L copper is most frequently used under slabs for residential homes.
Type K –is available in both ridged and soft pipe. Type K is the thickest copper pipe on the market and due to its cost and difficulty to work with is rarely used except for commercial applications.
Copper pipe comes in both ridged also known as hard pipe and soft pipe. Hard pipe comes in 20' sticks while soft copper comes in 60' rolls and 100' rolls.
Hard copper pipe is used above ground and underground where there is no concrete. Plumbing code requires that no copper fittings be used below concrete slabs and as such hard copper pipe is not used under concrete slabs since fittings would have to be used every 20' and to would have to have a 90 to come up out of the slab.
Soft copper due to its cost is generally only used underground and under slabs. Soft coppers' moderate flexibility allows it to come up out of the slab without any fittings and allows you to go around obstructions such as landscaping.
How is Copper Pipe Sized For Use?
Copper pipe is sized proportionately for water demand based on fixture units. Each fixture has a set fixture unit count, the greater the fixture count on the line the larger diameter of copper pipe needs to be to allow enough volume for the fixture to operate properly. A licensed plumbing contractor like Robins Plumbing can determine the amount of fixture units, the length of pipe and determine the diameter required to allow adequate flow.


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Q: Find the area of polygon whose sides are known [C++] I'm trying to the find the area of a shape for which I've only been given the length of the sides.
Considering the shape to be a quadrilateral (having only four sides) for now, what is the method(or algo) to find its area in C++? (Given that the lengths of the sides of a quadrilateral are fixed, the resultant area of any quad shape obtained will be always equal.)
Note that I do not have the vertices of the shape and have only the sides. If at all, I'd have had the vertices, I could have used the this summation formula to directly get the area of a n-sided polygon. But what's the best way to deal with this constraint?

A: You can't. You don't have enough information to make the calculation without knowing at least 2 of angles in addition to your lengths or more detail about the type of object that is more specific then a quadrilateral.
Reason: A quadrilateral has 4 sides. No other limits. In fact, the lines can intersect creating even more difficulty in calculation of the area.


Recently, I had a new experience in my writing career. After participating in July's Pitchmas, I had a few requests for material.
It was my first request for a full ever, and I'm pretty sure everyone on my contact list got a text that just said, . I immediately hit reply to the editor's email, sending my full manuscript, and then I waited, like we all do. You know, hitting refresh every half hour, offering up sacrifices to the email gods to make the editor's reply appear..Then, finally, a few weeks later, I received my reply.
I loved it! I want to offer you representation/publish this!
I liked it, but I want to see a few changes before I agree to represent/publish this.
I don't think this is right for me.
Two of those responses are good. Obviously, we all want every agent and editor to squeal with delight and fight each other for our book, but receiving an R&R (or a request for revision and resubmission) is still pretty darn good. So, to say I was happy with an R&R is putting it mildly. AND the editor sent back good notes on what she wanted to see change! I was beyond willing to oblige.
Immediately I started working on the edits – in fact, I just did another complete edit from beginning to end – and fixed all the things she asked for. I reworked dialogue and the scenes at the beginning; I wrote a brand new ending that added on almost 3,000 words…I went through my baby with a fine-toothed comb and edited the crap out of itAgain, I sent my manuscript off to CPs and beta readers – making sure to get some fresh eyes on the pages – and when I was happy that it was as polished as it could be, I sent it back to the editor.
Don't ever be afraid of the changes the agent/editor requests. You might be surprised how much better your novel ends up at the end.
Take your time. This isn't a race to the finish. Rushing through an edit will only lead to more issues. It's better to do it correctly than quickly.
Keep a list handy of all the edits the agent/editor requested. As you go through your book again, you might find there are scenes/dialogue you need to adjust. Keeping the list near you will help you to avoid making silly mistakes and ensure your book remains coherent.
Enjoy the process. There are a lot of things you can learn from an R&R. Absorb as much as you can. These are professionals giving you editing tips!


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Never Mind the Bollocks: A Legacy beyond the Music
October 27, 2015 by dtc104
By: Dakota T. Carlson
Many cite the Sex Pistols as the greatest punk rock band of all time. With the release of their first and only studio success "Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols" in 1977, the world was shaken by the experience of the mighty punk movement. The Sex Pistols will forever be revered as the original fire starters of the punk subculture. In a recent lecture, the English Department's own Dr. Rebekah Buchanan discussed a number of topics in relation to The Sex Pistols' impact on pop-culture. From the controversial music that shook a generation to the band's poisonous relationship with manager Malcolm McLaren, much to my personal pleasure, we discussed everything Sex Pistols.
It would be unjust of me to begin discussing the Sex Pistols without first addressing the music itself. During the lecture, I had the pleasure of experiencing "Never Mind the Bollocks" in the purity of vinyl for the first time. Many of the tracks discussed were played on an old model 328 record player. While in an hour presentation it would be impossible to make it through the album's entirety, Buchanan highlighted some of the more controversy-driven tracks. She explored the themes behind various "Pistols" hits. Songs like "Anarchy in the U.K.," "God Save the Queen," "Bodies" and "Holidays in the Sun" and the instrumentation and lyrical content behind them were discussed. Whether it be a statement against Monarchy in "God Save the Queen," raising the awareness of abortion in "Bodies," or presenting issues with the division of the Berlin Wall in "Holidays in the Sun," the lyrics of Johnny Rotten shook people to their very core. By listening to this record, one may never realize that the band was formed before any of its members could even play their chosen instruments (with the exception of Glen Matlock on bass).
Having been a longtime fan of the Sex Pistols, I knew prior to the presentation that manager Malcolm McLaren's relationship with the band was very tainted. But, I did not truly realize just how manipulative and self-preserving McLaren was at the time. A struggling filmmaker at the time, McLaren saw the Sex Pistols as his golden ticket and took on a managerial role to the band. While youthful egos within the band clashed anyway, McLaren's chaotic tendencies were a great attribution to the band's early demise. He planted seeds for the band mates' twisted perceptions of one another. It wasn't long before Glen Matlock, the only real musician in the band at that time, was forced out of the band, only to later be replaced by the reckless and inexperienced Sid Vicious. The basis for McLaren's calculated manipulations of the band have often been credited to the self-preservation of his own success. It is suggested that he viewed the Sex Pistols not as a rock and roll band, but a Situationist-style art project. McLaren had even been quoted as saying: ""I decided to use people, just the way a sculptor uses clay" (Legacy). Much of these accounts have been recorded in the 1980 mockumentary The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle.
One of the biggest questions that arose during the presentation regarded the true nature of what the punk movement really meant. For some it merely revolves around a genre of music. However, Buchanan suggests that it is a sub-culture that is much greater than music. The Sex Pistols were the voice of a lost generation in a time of future-less concern for England. While the "in your face" style of music were all the band was concerned about at the time, the mark that was left is irreplaceable. They crafted a scene and were the voice for a voiceless and frustrated youth. Even in the face of adversity and being stamped with the stigma of controversy, the Sex Pistols' impact reached far beyond the realm of music. While the music still remains relevant forty years later, it was the uprising of a movement that will always embody the legacy that is the Sex Pistols.
Category : ML
Tags : Dr. Rebekah Buchanan, English faculty, Mirror and the Lamp, Sex Pistols, WIU English Department
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Tori has been singing professionally since the age of seven, started playing the piano at age five, and has been writing music for as long as she can remember. Tori has a unique, ethereal sound that sets her apart. Her desire to perform has led her to many roles, which include touring the US, Canada & Asia with Cirque du Soleil's "Quidam" where she played the lead vocal role of Zoe. She has also performed featured roles with The Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Center in NYC.
Lamome has got a new CD coming out (www.lamoneonline.com) and we've got a little preview of one of the cuts we mixed here in AZ. This cut, "Coco Brown" features Lamone on vocals and Jay Rowe on keys.
I had the most fun in my career producing these two amazing singer-songwriters. David Buskin's and Robin Batteau's extensive list of credits goes on and on. Refer to their website to hear more of their work. www.buskinandbatteau.com. The tune showcased here is "Choose Joy", a major good karma tune.


curtilandscaping.com, Author at Curti's Landscaping, Inc.
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Big enough to be professional, small enough to be personal.


Megaman, Lisa Maffia and Romeo answer the questions you've always wanted to ask.
When it comes to UKG, So Solid Crew have seen it all. The Battersea crew rose from pirate radio stations such as Supreme FM and Delight FM in the late '90s to the top of the UK charts in the early '00s and in doing so left an indelible mark on the garage, grime and UK hip-hop scene.
For this episode of Confessions, we asked Megaman, Lisa Maffia and Romeo the questions you've always wanted to ask. Check out the video above to hear about the trio's love for Jennifer Lawrence, why Romeo won't go on dating shows and how all So Solid Crew fans are like one big family.


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My godchild, Lyle, suggested I mention him in my column. He wanted to be identified as "an eight-year-old boy, in grade three, who has a great mind." As I write this, he is restlessly working the rocking chair in our home in Goa. His nervous energy is palpable. He is, in fact, waiting, as he sips on his tea. He is waiting for me to finish this column, because I promised to take him to Margao to buy him a watch as a Christmas gift. I'm not sure he even knows precisely how to read time. But I loved that he specifically asked for a watch. And, of course, I'm a sucker for metaphor. What better way to end the year than with a meditation on reading time?
The year's passing was accelerated by such intense travelling, and yet, it was speckled by many moments of spectacular pause. Last evening, as I was heading to the restroom of Roger's, a shack on Benaulim beach, I thought of a similar moment on Paradise Beach with Tsohil in January. The sun had set and there was an indigo darkness that had taken over the sky. The entrance to the loo was blocked by a sentinel tree frog. I remember its red eyes gaping at me. I haven't spoken to Tsohil in months, ever since he left for the US on an amazing MFA scholarship programme. But I thought of him last night when I thought of the tree frog. He was one of those gifts the universe hands you. Just like it did me Nikhil Chopra, who ensured my year began with opportunities for both solitude and fructifying collaboration by offering me a residency at the HH Arts Spaces, where Tsohil was co-resident. Last night was also spent under the stars with my sister and Turkish friend, Asli Cavusoglu, whom I met and befriended at the Khoj International Artists' Residency and who was responsible for my adventurous visit to Europe and Turkey in June. She, and my friend Julien, who had invited me to visit him at his cabin in the South of France, are here in Goa and we will ring in the New Year together. How momentous and fortuitous, I think, even as I busy myself with family ahead of my sister's wedding. I'm eagerly awaiting the arrival of my best friend, Mona, on January 1. She has been the source of so much strength and joy for me over the years and I love the thought of having her with me as we embark on 2018.
I've already resolved to emotionally investing even more time and energy in my friendships, particularly those that further the cause of the feminist sisterhood. What is the point of anything if one doesn't have at the end all those opportunities for laughter and togetherness, for meaningful conversation and even collective mourning? For, let us not forget that this year also began with Trump being crowned President of a superpower, and the year also saw great treachery on part of the powers that be in India that undermined the electoral processes that is the foundation of our claim to democracy. It's difficult to be in Goa and forget how its voters were betrayed, how they have had to compromise with a government they clearly didn't elect. Two more years until the next defining general elections and everything looks quite grim. A woman journalist was beaten up in Mumbai, a woman journalist and newspaper editor, Gauri Lankesh was killed in broad daylight outside her home… I'm too afraid to even go over the year's other morbid highlights, not to mention the gruesome Rohingya crisis and the status of Syrian refugees, especially children, around the world.
At the (pre-)midnight mass on Christmas Eve, as the priest rattled off a pre-written sermon from a circular, I thought about what it means to be spiritual in times like these. I wondered if I was being too cynical about the state of the world, the ecological disasters we have caused and the still-impending effects of climate change that have ensured future generations an unliveable world. What if this was actually a defining moment, an opportunity for us to start to practice our humanity?
I don't have easy answers. I don't know what to tell my godchild about the world he inhabits. I am certain only of this much, that we must continue to dissent, resist, protest. We must also allow scope for forgiveness, when it is called for, and humility. Time will tell how events unfold and whether we can undo some of the damage we've all been complicit in causing in the recent past. What is imperative is that we live our lives such that we stand at our reckoning on the right side of history. May the future be suitably feminist! Happy 2018!


Welcome to the 509 Home Team. Victoria and Jason Reich are here to help you sell and buy your home. The team came together to create an experience for buyers and sellers that would put their satisfaction and happiness as the #1 priority. We will work hard to accomplish this goal. In doing so, our hope is that you will not only leave as a satisfied client, but also as a new friend. We will treat you like family! Welcome Home!


I like that it has covered parking . The balcony it's very spacious. It's a quiet area and it's a nice size .
Call Addysin Park Apartments home today. This highly rated property offers apartments for rent in National City, CA, that meet the needs of any household size. Do you have a car? There's lots of parking available at this property. Have friends visiting? They can find nearby street parking easily.
If you're looking to get out, there's a park nearby. Apartments come with walk-in closets and balconies.
I'm interested in Addysin Park Apartments. Please let me know when this listing is available on ApartmentGuide.


Aikido is an excellent martial art for children of all ages. It promotes both physical and mental health. The qualities we all want our children learn are taught through the practice of Aikido.
Because there is no competition in Aikido, children can place more attention on personal goals and are not pressured to win or beat others to feel successful.
Physically, Aikido gives every child what they need most...exercise! In Aikido children learn many new physical skills; development of good posture, balance and co-ordination, how to fall safely, and throwing.
Mentally, children learn respect, co-operation, concentration and discipline. Aikido teaches children about themselves and the people around them. They learn to deal with people respectfully by exercising self-discipline and learning to co-operate to achieve a common goal. Aikido's ability to improve concentration has helped many children in their day to day lives, especially in areas like school.
As with all things however, we get out what we put in. Those who try hard will get the personal rewards.


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Peruvesi is a medium-sized lake in the Kymijoki main catchment area. It is located in the region Southern Savonia, near the church village of Pertunmaa in the municipality of Pertunmaa, Finland.

See also
List of lakes in Finland

References

Lakes of Pertunmaa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Macadamia Nut Oil from Species Nutrition contains enormous amounts of monounsaturated fats which provide large health benefits that help you achieve your bodybuilding and fat loss goals.
Macadamia Nut Oil is a healthy way to reduce inflammation, has an ideal ration of essential fatty acids and is overall a great addition to your cooking needs. Macadamia Nut Oil has the highest concentration of monounsaturated fats (oleic acid) than any other available oil. This incredible omega-9 fat, oleic acid, has documented cancer preventative and heart protective properties. In fact, it's considered the gold standard for reducing inflammation and restoring health to our internal environment. Macadamia Nut Oil is so high in monounsaturated fats (84-85%) that it even surpasses extra virgin olive oil (65-74%).
Macadamia Nut Oil has the perfect ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids, 1:1. Our hunter-gatherer ancestors ate an equal balance (1:1 ratio) of linoleic acid (Omega-6) to alpha linolenic acid (Omega-3) essential fatty acids (EFAs). Junk food, rampant vegetable oil use, and the feeding of grain to food animals (even fish) have resulted in our current consumption ratios rising to a scary 20:1 ratio.
Macadamia Nut Oil has an extremely high smoke point (410 degrees), which means it's excellent for stir-fry and baking. Olive oil has a much lower smoke point (325 degrees or less) and it degrades when used in cooking. Macadamia nut oil has a sweet buttery taste, is resistant to oxidation, and is extremely high in vitamin E (four times higher than olive oil) making it the ideal heart-healthy, performance-enhancing fat.


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Bunker Hill Community College Foundation Wins Grant for Laboratory Equipment
Bunker Hill Community College Foundation received a $10,000 Workforce Development and Education Grant from Bank of America Charitable Foundation on June 24, 2014. The College will use the funds to upgrade equipment in the Allied Health Programs' classrooms and laboratories located at the College's Chelsea Campus.
"We are grateful to Bank of America and the Bank of America Charitable Foundation for supporting our work," said Dr. Pam Y. Eddinger, President of Bunker Hill Community College. "The new equipment purchased with these funds represents an important contribution to our work in preparing students for meaningful careers."
The Allied Health Certificate Programs at BHCC provide skilled workers for Boston's burgeoning medical community through targeted training. Approximately 70 percent of BHCC graduates are employed in their field within 90 days of completing a program. BHCC Allied Health Certificate Programs include: Emergency Medical Technician (EMT), Medical Assistant, Medical Interpreting, Patient Care Technician, Sterile Processing and Surgical Technology.
About Bunker Hill Community College
Bunker Hill Community College is the largest community college in Massachusetts, enrolling approximately 18,000 students annually. BHCC has two campuses in Charlestown and Chelsea, and a number of other locations throughout the Greater Boston area. BHCC is one of the most diverse institutions of higher education in Massachusetts. Sixty-five percent of the students are people of color and more than half of BHCC's students are women. The College also enrolls nearly 600 international students who come from 94 countries and speak more than 75 languages.
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Cleveland/Akron/Canton
Greater Kansas
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Mid Hudson
Bariatric Surgery Study Challenges View That Obesity May Protect Against Fracture
By Thomas Crocker
Bariatrics, Orthopedics
The notion that high BMI is protective against fracture is widely held among researchers and clinicians, but a retrospective study out of Rush University Medical Center offers a more nuanced view, finding that sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of sustaining a fracture in individuals with severe obesity.
Over the years, researchers have found evidence that obesity may help safeguard against osteoporosis by boosting bone density, according to Alfonso Torquati, MD, MSCI, Helen Shedd Keith Professor and Chair of the Department of Surgery at Rush University Medical Center. That has led some to conclude that losing weight could result in a harmful reduction in bone density, thereby increasing fracture risk. In 2017, for example, the multicenter, randomized Look AHEAD clinical trial found that overweight or obese individuals with diabetes who lost an average of 6% of body weight by following a program of intensive lifestyle intervention had a 39% higher risk of frailty fracture than overweight or obese individuals who participated in diabetes support and education and lost an average of 3.5% of body weight.
"Excess body weight increases the load on the skeleton, and the high levels of leptin seen in obesity provide stimulation of bone formation," Dr. Torquati says. "This results in higher levels of bone density. However, the protective effect of high bone density on fracture risk is controversial and very difficult to prove. More straightforward is to speculate that the benefit of sustained and significant weight loss can lead to less risk of fall-related injuries that are the ultimate cause for traumatic bone fracture."
Intrigued by a spate of studies suggesting that bariatric surgery could contribute to bone density changes, Dr. Torquati and colleagues set out to investigate the longitudinal effect of surgical weight loss on real risk of fracture.
"Our initial hypothesis was that, in bariatric surgery patients receiving adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation, the risk of bone fracture was going to be similar to that observed in a matched population that did not undergo surgery," Dr. Torquati says. "Our study's hypothesis was confirmed by the results, including an expected lower odds of fracture in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy."
More Research Needed Into High-Risk Patient Population
A Rush University Medical Center study found that reduced risk of bone fracture is a benefit of bariatric surgery, possibly as a result of improved mobility and reduced fall risk deriving from weight loss.
"We were pleasantly surprised that the risk of bariatric surgery is reduced when we considered the entire age group of patients having surgery," says study author Alfonso Torquati, MD, MSCI, Helen Shedd Keith Professor and Chair of the Department of Surgery at Rush University Medical Center. "More studies are needed to evaluate the fracture risk in postmenopausal women who are already at higher risk of osteoporosis."
Sleeve Gastrectomy Superior to Gastric Bypass at Fracture Risk Reduction
Using Medicare records from 2004 to 2014, Torquati and colleagues separated 49,113 bariatric surgery-eligible patients into three groups of 16,371 individuals each: a group of patients who did not undergo bariatric surgery, a group of patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and a group of patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy. Over a three-year period, fracture rates between the individuals who did not have bariatric surgery and those who underwent gastric bypass were comparable, but people who underwent sleeve gastrectomy had much lower rates of fracture.
For individuals in the nonsurgical and gastric bypass cohorts, the overall likelihood of experiencing a fracture was similar, as were the odds of fracture of the humerus, radius or ulna, pelvis, or vertebrae. Patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy had a lower risk of fracture in all categories compared with individuals who did not have surgery, and a lower risk of total fracture and humeral fracture compared with patients who underwent gastric bypass. The sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass groups had similar odds of radius or ulna, hip, pelvis, or vertebrae fracture. The study was published in JAMA Network Open earlier this year.
Gastric bypass effects weight loss, in part, by changing how the body absorbs nutrients, which can elevate fracture risk and may play a role in the development of metabolic bone disease, according to the researchers. After more than a decade of studying the relationship between metabolic bone disease and gastric bypass, Dr. Torquati believes a dearth of a key vitamin and mineral may explain why gastric bypass patients may be more susceptible to fracture.
"In the early years of bariatric surgery expansion, we saw many patients developing changes in the bone metabolism that potentially increase their risk of fractures," Dr. Torquati says. "At that time, this was secondary to inadequate supplementation with vitamin D and calcium. In the last 10 years, all the patients undergoing bariatric surgery are receiving supplemental doses of vitamin D and calcium, and we very rarely see detrimental changes in the bone metabolism."
Reassessing Obesity's Benefits for Bones
This study may prompt a reevaluation of obesity's role in protecting against osteoporosis.
"The generally accepted notion that obesity is protective when considering the risks of fracture may not be as straightforward as previously thought," the researchers wrote. "The relationship between BMI, body composition and bone density may play an important role when evaluating the risk of fracture in patients with obesity."
Dr. Torquati says the study should provide peace of mind to patients who may be considering bariatric surgery but worry about bone health.
"Our results showed that bariatric surgery may be associated with lower odds of fracture in the general population of patients with obesity," he says. "Therefore, patients who are concerned about worsening osteoporosis after bariatric surgery should be reassured knowing this will not result in an increased risk of postoperative fractures, especially in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy."
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text:
Amazon Prime vs. Government: The Private Sector Does It Better
Many residents of northern Canada have access to cheaper goods through Amazon Prime rather than stores selling state-subsidized products.
Ben Haller | 7.20.2017 2:00 PM
Johannes Zielcke/flickr
In the U.S., Amazon Prime is just another convenience of modern life. But for many residents of Nunavut, Canada's northernmost territory, it's a lifesaver.
Nunavut is roughly the size of Western Europe, yet it has a population of only 37,462. Iqaluit, the territory's capital and largest city, has just 7,740 residents. Nunavut isn't connected to the nation's highway system, so fresh food must be flown in daily at a very high cost. Ships can move larger amounts of freight to the region, but only during the warmest months of the year, when ice does not block ports.
Prices in local stores reflect this reality. A liter of Coke can cost CA$10, equivalent to $7.90 in the U.S. A pack of diapers can cost CA$70. But those willing to pay CA$80 a year for an Amazon Prime membership can find items for far cheaper than they would in local stores. That same pack of diapers, for instance, can be found at around half price. Some of Nunavut's smaller settlements are no longer eligible for Prime's free shipping because their remoteness makes shipping there unprofitable, but in larger settlements, such as Iqaluit, Prime is a welcome alternative to the highly expensive goods found in local shops.
The Canadian government has for decades tried to mitigate high prices through subsidy schemes that cover "nutritious food" and basic necessities. The first scheme, called the Food Mail Program, subsidized Canada Post's shipping operations in northern regions. This was replaced a few years ago with Nutrition North, a program that directly funded certain retailers. Both programs have been criticized for their cost and inefficiency, yet many worry that without the subsidies, prices would be even more exorbitant.
The region's unaffordability rests on decades of discriminatory policies and government regulations. The native Inuit people used to live a nomadic, subsistence lifestyle that was well-suited to the harsh environment. Since agricultural development wasn't possible, mobility was key to finding food.
Over 60 years ago, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) began to kill off thousands of Inuit sled dogs under the guise of animal control, claiming that many of the dogs were diseased or dangerous. In 2010, an Inuit-led truth commission, while critical of the RCMP's actions, stopped short of saying that this was a deliberate effort to "urbanize" the Inuit by taking away their main mode of transportation. But that, nonetheless, was the effect.
No longer able to maintain their nomadic lifestyles, those who lost their dogs became "dependent on welfare and store-bought food," according to the commission report. In places like Iqaluit, many residents feel a constant tension between the desires to preserve tradition and to forge a modern Inuit identity. Many of them did not ask to live in these planned communities, but now they must find a way to make it work.
One way to make it work was the sealskin industry. Hunting seals has long been part of the Inuit way of life, but it took on renewed importance in the wake of the forced urbanization. The money made from sealskin helped offset the high cost of living in Nunavut and gave people the opportunity to continue their hunting traditions.
Unfortunately, this economic boon was short-lived. Environmental activists successfully lobbied the U.S. and Europe to ban the sealskin trade, using disturbing imagery of hunting practices to rally the public behind their efforts. Some exemptions were enacted for the Inuit, but the bans decimated the industry. Unemployment, poverty, hunger, and high rates of suicide are now the norm in Nunavut.
Perhaps this is why many residents are skeptical that Amazon Prime's free shipping will last forever. It just seems too good to be true.
With all that's happened to indigenous communities in Canada and around the world, such pessimism is understandable. Government food subsidies have never worked well in Nunavut and other northern communities because they fail to tackle the core problem facing many residents: You can subsidize food and other necessities all you want, but if you take away all the opportunities for people to make a living, even the most heavily subsidized goods will still be too expensive.
Nevertheless, there is good reason for optimism. With the current pace of technological development, moving goods from point A to point B is only going to get easier and cheaper as time goes on. A hundred years ago, no one could have imagined being able to travel halfway around the world in under a day. A decade ago, no one could have imagined being able to order something online and have it show up a few hours later. The prospect of widespread implementation of drone delivery, led by companies like Amazon, could mean that even the most remote places will have cheap, reliable links to the rest of the world. That would do more for Nunavut than any of Ottawa's programs ever have.
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NEXT: The Government Thinks This Couple Isn't Smart Enough to Be Parents, So It Took Their Kids Away
Ben Haller is a summer 2017 Burton C. Gray Memorial Intern with Reason magazine.
SubsidiesAmazonCanadaFood PolicyGovernment failure


FoM has been a huge success story. EEA migrants in the UK are, in aggregate terms, fiscal net contributors. They pay more in (direct and indirect) taxes than they take out in the form of cash benefits (e.g. Child Tax Credit), benefits in kind (e.g. social housing) and the use of public services (e.g. the NHS). More specifically, the fiscal net contribution of the average EEA migrant is about £2,300 higher, per annum, than the fiscal net contribution of the average UK-born adult. Just as importantly, EEA migrants also tend to integrate easily and effortlessly.
The best aspect of FoM, however, is that it is a low-maintenance system, characterised by remarkably low administrative costs and a high degree of legal certainty. The system is virtually bureaucracy-free, hassle-free, paperwork-free and risk-free – not just for EEA nationals themselves, but also for their employers, landlords, councils, banks, healthcare providers etc. Sure, it is theoretically imaginable that a system of controlled migration would achieve even better outcomes – but that would make the perfect the enemy of the good. Any such hypothetical improvements must be weighed against the loss of simplicity, cost-effectiveness and legal certainty that ending FoM would necessarily entail.
There are some problems, but they could be addressed within the current FoM rules. Some EU countries enforce the conditions of FoM much more rigorously than Britain does, for example by expelling foreign EU nationals who come to claim benefits rather than working or studying.
In short: three cheers for free movement.
That said, I accept that the pro-FoM side has lost that argument. I accept that that ship has sailed, and that FoM in its current form will not survive the post-Brexit transition period.
But this does not mean that all is lost. As I show in my new IEA paper Immigration: Picking the low-hanging fruits, some aspects of free movement are popular. They can be saved – and they are worth saving.
For a start, there are a number of surveys which ask people which countries they would accept more (or at least the current numbers of) immigrants from, and from which countries they would rather have fewer immigrants. For European countries, those surveys show a huge East-West gap. Very few people want to make it harder for Western Europeans to come here. But there is overwhelming support for reducing immigration from the poorest Eastern European countries (e.g. Romania), with the more prosperous Eastern European countries (e.g. Poland) falling somewhere in between.
Before the EU's enlargement in 2004 and 2007, free movement was never controversial in Britain. So why not go back to the pre-2004 status quo ante, and keep FoM for citizens of the old member states (the EU-14) and the EFTA countries?
For those countries, FoM delivers pretty much the same outcomes that a highly selective points-based system would also deliver. At the moment, there is nothing that could stop unskilled people from, for example, Denmark or Switzerland from moving to the UK in large numbers, but in practice, this does not happen. Two-thirds of Western Europeans living in the UK have tertiary education. They are more likely to be in work than their UK-born counterparts, they earn more on average and they are less likely to live in social housing.
For citizens of those countries, FoM should be retained. You can call that "passport discrimination", if you like. I'd call it a fast lane, which makes immigration easier and less bureaucratic for some, without making it harder for anyone else.
The post The case for keeping freedom of movement with the pre-2005 EU and EFTA nations appeared first on BrexitCentral.
If it were up to me, I would keep freedom of movement (FoM) for people from the European Economic Area (EEA) after Brexit. Not just for a transitional period, but indefinitely. I supported Brexit, but I did so in the hope that it would deliver a Swiss-style arrangement, which would keep Britain close to the Single Market, and which would preserve the Four Freedoms.


text:
Q: Float division being silly when saved in variable - but not when "used directly" So my problem is that I am trying to position a sprite in the middle of the screen. How to do that is very simple but the calculations made during runtime are wrong. I have come to the conclusion that it is about floating points being messy in Java.
So, this is the code I have right now, which works:
float posX = ((1280f / 2f) - 128f);
float posY = ((720f / 2f) - 112.5f);
splash.setScale(1.5f);
splash.setPosition((posX), (posY));

But if I replace the divisions above with these variables:
private float screenCenterW = (1280.0f / 2f);
private float screenCenterH = (720.0f / 2f);
private float splashCenterW = (225.0f / 2f);
private float splashCenterH = (256.0f / 2f);

Things does not seem to work anymore. It seems to me that the first part of the posX and posY calculations result in a 0.0 and my sprite ends up in the upper left corner, half-visible.
Why is it that if I replace the different calculations with these variables, it stops working?
EDIT:
So to clarify:
This is how I want the code to look like:
private float screenCenterW = (1280.0f / 2f);
private float screenCenterH = (720.0f / 2f);
private float splashCenterW = (225.0f / 2f);
private float splashCenterH = (256.0f / 2f);
float posX = (screenCenterW - splashCenterW);
float posY = (screenCenterH - splashCenterH);
splash.setScale(1.5f);
splash.setPosition((posX), (posY));

This, however, makes something go wrong. Even though, to me, they look exactly the same as the other calculation. Am I making a rookie mistake somewhere? I have been constructing this calculation from the bottom to the top with just numbers, and it works, but as soon as I substitute one of the calculations with a variable (saving it in a variable) it stops working, and the sprite goes off the screen, as if the screenCenterW and screenCenterH is calculated to 0.0 through the division of 2f.
Example of screenWidthH:
(1280f / 2f) = 0 | 0 - 112.5f = -112.5f
Why I have issues debuging this is because I don't know how to show these calculations on the screen in the AndEngine for Android that I am using. I sincerely apologise for not being detailed and I realise now that the question didn't say much at the start, but I hope this clarifies what I'm asking about. And if somebody out there that use AndEngine could help me that would be amazing.

A: You show too little code to tell you where you went wrong, but I suspect you either alter the variable at some place without noting, or you have a class initialization order issue (you are using the variables before they are actually calculated).
To rule out accidental alteration, declare the variables as final:
 private final float screenCenterW = (1280.0f / 2f);

If there's any place where you assign them, the compiler will complaing about it.
Initialization order is harder to track down, you can use a conditional check just before using the variable:
 if (screenCenterW == 0) {
     throw new RuntimeException("Something is horribly wrong!");
 }

You should see the exception in your IDE's console window if it triggers.

A: Nothing is wrong with the calculations. The way you're doing it is right, and you can test it:
public static void main(String[] args) {
        float screenCenterW = (1280.0f / 2f);
        float screenCenterH = (720.0f / 2f);
        float splashCenterW = (225.0f / 2f);
        float splashCenterH = (256.0f / 2f);

        System.out.println(screenCenterW);
        System.out.println(screenCenterH);
        System.out.println(splashCenterW);
        System.out.println(splashCenterH);
    }

Output:
640.0
360.0
112.5
128.0

Show the rest of the code.


text:
Trivalve  (foaled 1924) was an Australian race horse that won the 1927 Melbourne Cup.

Racing career

In 1927 Trivalve was successful in the AJC Derby, Victoria Derby and the Melbourne Cup. The win in the Cup gave trainer James Scobie and jockey Bobbie Lewis their fourth Melbourne Cup successes. Trivalve won career prize money of £28,375.

Stud career

Trivalve was retired to stud but proved an unsuccessful sire failing to sire any stakes winners. Trivalve was eventually sold on as a station sire and reportedly died of snakebite in the Northern Territory in 1941, having been sold twice that year for 7 guineas and 9 guineas.

Pedigree

References

Racehorses bred in Australia
Racehorses trained in Australia
1924 racehorse births
Victoria Derby winners
Melbourne Cup winners


The beer gardens of Berlin have their very own charm. Traditional, rustic garden restaurants next to smaller and rather unknown venues offer countless possibilities to unwind from the busy day while having a beer outside in the evening. Most of the times they also offer small snacks like the famous Berlin Boulette, Pretzels or other food going well with a beer. This is like getting away from the ratrace for a little holiday.
A beer garden directly on the banks of the Spree with a view to the German Chancellery, the Swiss embassy and Moltke Brigde - this is only possible at Berlin!
One of the oldest and most well-known beer gardens of Berlin is the beer garden of Café am Neuen See - very close to the Zoological Garden.
If you take a walk in Viktoriapark, you will end automatically in this nice beer garden uniting a rooftop terrace with lounge character.
The Loretta on Wannsee is a traditional beer garden which reopened its doors with a new concept in spring 2010.
This beer garden close to the Zoologcal Garden is a venue of tradition and relaxation for beer garden friends in Tiergarten.
At the historical Wittenau's Landhaus Schupke, dating from 1775 you can enjoy a hearty meal inside the carefully renovated building or outside in their welcoming beer garden.
The Parkcafé of Wilmersdorf treats its guests at any time of the day with great food.
Unfortunately Emils Biergarten will be closing 22.09.2018. Emils Biergarten is a beer garden in Berlin-Pankow that offers light and sweet beer as well as great pizza.
James June is an event location with club and lounge in Berlin-Friedrichshain. The concept also includes a popular summer garden.


text:
#nullable enable

namespace Snittlistan.Web.Areas.V2.ViewModels;

public class EditRosterPlayersViewModel
{
    public RosterViewModel? RosterViewModel { get; set; }

    public PlayerViewModel[]? AvailablePlayers { get; set; }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Gotta hand it to Al Franken
By Pope Flick,
September 4, 2009 in The Tailgate
Pope Flick
Fan of the:Bears
Surprise! I'm actually shocked at his ability in this instance.
Perchoutofwater 20 posts
AtomicCEO 16 posts
bpwallace49 15 posts
westvirginia 14 posts
Look at all those angry people under 35 surrounding him.
evil_gop_liars
What is actually going on in the minds of those people:
"Rush and Beck tell me Obama bad, Franken Bad."
"Tell Franken how much national health care sucks"
"Franken speak goooood"
"Franken make sense"
"What I do now"
"Look at puppy"
CaP'N GRuNGe
Location:up here in my tree
Fan of the:Vikings
Doesn't surprise me. Franken's a pretty smart guy.
He's just a Hollywood elite liberal, talking to the people and having an intelligent give and take, who wants to spread socialism.
The conversation was refreshing.
Fan of the:Colts
blah blah blah blah
Franken talked a lot and said precious little. No wonder he won.
Best part of the whole thing was the loud belch about half-way through, lol
(PS that's the calmest "angry mob" I've ever seen)
Edited September 8, 2009 by BeeR
dmarc117
Location:Chicago
he said nothing
Interests:God, mom, apple pie and Chevrolet...
I can't believe that I'm the first one to comment how nice of a billboard the "TEA Party" lady provides for her cause.
AtomicCEO
Location:Boulder, CO
Fan of the:Broncos
Franken talked a lot and said precious little.
And the protesters said so much.
I was at a parade yesterday and the local Repubs marched with signs that said "Say No to Obamacare". Never mind that they turned a labor day parade into a protest march for some unknown reason... but what does that even mean? What is "Obamacare"? Are they really protesting any change to healthcare because it's working so well right now?
They have no idea what healthcare reform is going to look like, and they aren't participating in a discussion to shape it. They're just saying "no" to anything and everything. Morons. They could use a talk like the one Franken had because he at least got them to admit that healthcare isn't great and could use improvement even if they didn't hammer out the legislation right there on the sidewalk.
Location:Durham, NC
That's what I don't get as well. Even heard someone say, "if it ain't broke..." Are you freaking high? Hell yes it's freaking broke!
Location:North GA
What I'm not seeing here is the middle ground. Some fixing is a FAR cry from handing over control of some 17% of the US economy to fedgov. And yes, the way this bill is written that is exactly what is going to happen. There are things that can be done that are between leaving it alone and going to single-payer.
The house legislation as written specifically creates single payer? Really? Link? I'll save you time, it does not.
When you put a government plan to compete against private plans under the terms of that law then yes, that's exactly what's going to happen.
By the way, I'm not even sure I want a public option. I'm just tired of the misinformation campaign.
I want the death panels too.
Burn.
Dude, it's "the bill"! Haven't you seen "the bill"??? It's the one and only proposal, and it guarantees the worst of everything you can imagine! Discussion is useless!
You're more incorrect than accurate in your oversimplification.
Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky said on Fox News Sunday that a public option would destroy the private insurance system. It "would mean a government plan that would inevitably put the government between you and your doctor, and there would be no more private insurance," McConnell said.Asked why by interviewer Chris Wallace, McConnell said, "Because the private insurance people will not be able to compete with a government option."
McConnell is incorrect — the Democratic plan does not intend to do away with private insurance. His statement that private insurance "will not be able to compete with a government option" is challenged by nonpartisan health care experts who disagree.
McConnell's view is that if the government offers a cheaper, public plan, people will dump their private insurance to get lower health care premiums. Over time, this would errode the private health care system. In theory, it makes sense that people would want the health plan that saves them the most money, and experts do say some private insurance companies might struggle to survive against a government competitor. In practice, however, researchers don't believe public options would destroy the private insurance industry.
"Every time I hear these claims I'm astonished," said Cathy Schoen, senior vice president for the Commonwealth Fund, a foundation that studies health care and advocates more coverage for the uninsured, minorities and people with low incomes. She said a public plan could pressure private insurers to lower premiums or negotiate better rates with hospitals, but it would not put private companies out of business.
"The public plan could get a reputation of not being good. The private plans could say, 'Let's change our behavior so we don't lose business,'" Schoen said.
Another nonpartisan research group, the Urban Institute, reached similar conclusions.
"Private plans would not disappear. Private plans that offer better services and greater access to providers, even at somewhat higher costs than the public plans, would survive the competition in this environment," wrote John Holahan and Linda Blumberg of the Urban Institute's Health Policy Center.
One of the problems right now is that private insurance is not as competitive as you might think. Both the Commonwealth Fund and the Urban Insitute have noted that most health care markets are dominated by a small number of big insurers.
"The increased concentration has made it difficult for the nation to reap the benefits usually associated with competitive markets," Holahan and Blumberg wrote.
http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/st...nce-can-surviv/
and where did i say the dolts protesting said anything either? this topic was about how much franken enlightened. he did none of that.
Oh there you go, trying to throw out some common sense middle ground concept. Where you been boy? People HATE that now. It's all about simpleton extremism. My side good! Your side bad! That's it! blah!
Yeah cuz we need more talks where nothing is said. PS the fact that the protesters here didn't say much of anything doesn't change the fact that Franken didn't either......and I would think he's a bit more responsible for doing so than they are, being a Senator and all. But really that's more an indictment of politicians in general vs Franken per se. I just think it's funny/telling that people are going "great job Al!" when he didn't say squat.
Don't expect a rest anytime soon, cuz that's practically all that's coming your way the rest of the way out. I would hope that we can all agree at least that this is a complex issue (I know that because Franken said so btw - gotta love the water-is-wet stuff), and unfortunately, that combined with the general public's limited mental capacities makes such misinformation so easy to do and so clouds the issue that extremely few really know the score and what the "real plan" even is.
"Every time I hear these claims I'm astonished," said Cathy Schoen, senior vice president for the Commonwealth Fund, a foundation that studies health care and advocates more coverage for the uninsured, minorities and people with low incomes.
Yeah, they sound REAL unbiased. No problem trusting their "expertise."
Stop confusing us with facts, you evil right-wing lunatic.
BeeR didn't say anything.
What an intelligent, mature reply. I can't wait for "I know you are but what am I"
I used the same criteria you did.
Franken engaged people in a discussion, and appeared to get people to think.
I'm not sure you were as effective, but I was giving you the benefit of the doubt.


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