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Strizibube (Cvilidrete; lat. Cerambycidae; po dugim ticalima nose i naziv dugoticalci) porodica su kukaca iz reda kornjaša. Većina strizibuba može proizvoditi zvuk trenjem prvog prsnog kolutića o izbrazdanu izbočinu s gornje strane srednjeg prsnog kolutića pa su prema tom struganju dobile naziv.

Izgled
Tijelo im je krupno, obično živih boja, duguljasto dužine od 0,3–15 cm, s dugim nitastim ticalima koja mogu biti i do četiri puta dulja od tijela, oči ulegnute, čeljusti jako nazubljene kojima buše tunele kroz živo drvo, zbog čega su veoma štetni. Ličinke kad odrastu hrane se biljnim sokovima, peludom, nektarom i lišćem.

Ličinke

Ličinke su blijede, bez nogu, često i bez očiju. Žive na drvu i pod korom, gdje snažnim čeljustima buše hodnike. Mogu uzrokovati propadanje stabala.

Vrste
Razlikuje se više od 20 000 pretežno tropskih vrsta. U hrvatskim krajevima poznato je oko 300 vrsta od kojih su najpoznatije: kućna strizibuba (Halotrupes bajulus), često se nalazi u krovištima kuća, a rjeđe u crnogoričnim šumama, hrastova strizibuba (Cerambyx cerdo) duga do 5 cm, mrka strizibuba  (Morimus funereus), Rosalia alpina, živi na planinama, mošusna ili vrbova strizibuba (Aromia moschata)  miriše na mošus, topolova strizibuba (Saperda populi)  brine se za leglo, hrani se lišćem i korom bjelogoričnih stabala, pjegava cvjetna strizibuba (Leptura maculata)  zadržava se na cvjetovima, osolika strizibuba (Necydalis major), ima kratko pokrilje i nad zatkom opnasti stražnji par krila.

Potporodice i Rodovi
 Anoplodermatinae (Vesperidae) Guérin-Méneville, 1840
 Cerambycinae Latreille, 1802
 Disteniinae (Disteniidae) Thomson, 1861
 Dorcasominae Lacordaire, 1869
 Lamiinae Latreille, 1825
 Lepturinae Latreille, 1802
 Necydalinae Latreille, 1825
 Oxypeltinae (Oxypeltidae) Lacordaire, 1869
 Parandrinae Blanchard, 1845
 Philinae (Vesperidae) Thomson, 1861
 Prioninae Latreille, 1802
 Spondylidinae Audinet-Serville, 1832
 Vesperinae (Vesperidae) Mulsant, 1839
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Artelida, Artimpaza, Aruama, Asaperda, Asaperdina, Asemolea, Asemum, Asilaris, Asmedia, Asperidorsus, Aspitus, Assinia, Assycuera, Astathes, Astetholea, Astetholida, Astromula, Astyleiopus, Astylidius, Astylopsis, Asynapteron, Asyngenes, Ataxia, Atelais, Atelodesmis, Atelographus, Atelopteryx, Atenizoides, Atenizus, Ateralphus, Atesta, Atharsus, Athemistus, Athetesis, Athylia, Atiaia, Atimia, Atimiliopsis, Atimiola, Atimura, Atrichocera, Atripatus, Atrocolus, Atrypanius, Atybe, Atylostagma, Aulaconotopsis, Aulaconotus, Aulacopus, Aulacotoma, Aureoglaucytes, Auriolus, Australiorondonia, Australoleiopus, Australothelais, Austranoplium, Austroeme, Austronecydalopsis, Austrophanes, Austrosomatidia, Auxa, Auxesis, Axestoleus, Axinopalpis, Ayriclytus, Azygocera, Bacchisa, Bactriola, Bacuris, Badenella, Baecacanthus, Baliesthes, Baliesthoides, Bandar, Bangalaia, Bangaloides, Baraeomimus, Baraeus, Baralipton, Bardistus, Barossus, Baryssiniella, Baryssinus, Basiptera, Basitoxus, Batesbeltia, 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Chrysommata, Chrysoprasis, Chydaeopsis, Chydarteres, Chyptodes, Cicatrion, Cicatripraonetha, Cicatrisestola, Cicatrisestoloides, Cicatrizocera, Cicatrodea, Cicuiara, Cidugala, Cilioeme, Cilium, Cincinnata, Cinctohammus, Cipriscola, Cirrhicera, Citriphaga, Clausirion, Clavemeopodus, Clavenicodes, Clavidesmus, Clavisybra, Clavobrium, Clavomela, Clavoserixia, Cleistimum, Cleodoxus, Cleomenes, Cleonaria, Clepitoides, Cleptometopus, Cleptonotus, Cleptopsebium, Cleptosoma, Clermontia, Cleroclytus, Clesotrus, Clodia, Cloniocerus, Cloniophorus, Closteromerus, Closteropus, Closterus, Clytellus, Clytobius, Clytocera, Clytoderus, Clytoleptus, Clytomelegena, Clytopsis, Clytosaurus, Clytosemia, Clytraschema, Clytus, Clyzomedus, Cnemidochroma, Cnemolia, Cnemolioides, Cnemoplites, Cnemosioma, Cobelura, Cobria, Coccoderus, Coccothorax, Cochliopalpus, Coelodon, Coelodoniella, Coeloprocta, Coenopoeus, Coeruleoglaucytes, Coleocoptus, Coleomethia, Coleoxestia, Coleroidion, Collyrodes, Colobeutrypanus, Colobizus, Coloborhomboides, Colobothea, Colobothina, Colombicallia, Columbicella, Colynthaea, Comacmaeops, Combe, Cometes, Cometochus, Compsa, Compsibidion, Compsoceridius, Compsocerus, Compsomera, Compsopyris, Compsosoma, Comusia, Conamblys, Coniolachnus, Conizonia, Conobrium, Conopogaster, Conosphaeron, Conoxillus, Contoderopsis, Contoderus, Coomanum, Coptocercus, Coptoeme, Coptomma, Coptops, Coptosia, Corallancyla, Corcovado, Cordites, Cordoxylamia, Cordylomera, Coremia, Corennys, Corestetha, Coresthetida, Coresthetopsis, Corimbion, Corioeme, Cornallis, Cornuchariesthes, Cornumutila, Cornuscoparia, Coroicoia, Corrhenes, Corrhenispia, Corrhenodes, Cortodera, Corupella, Corus, Corynellus, Corynofrea, Coscinedes, Coscinesthes, Cosmisoma, Cosmisomopsis, Cosmocerus, Cosmoplatidius, Cosmoplatus, Cosmosalia, Cosmotoma, Cosmotomidius, Costemilophus, Cotyachryson, Cotyadesmus, Cotychroma, Cotycicuiara, Cotyclytus, Cotycuara, Cotynessa, Cotyperiboeum, Cotyschnolea, Cotysomerida, Cotyzineus, Craspedoderus, Crassichroma, Cratotragus, Cremnosterna, Cremys, Cribraedoeus, Cribragapanthia, Cribrihammus, Cribrochamus, Cribrohammus, Crinarnoldius, Crinotarsus, Criocerinus, Criodion, Crioprosopus, Criopsis, Cristaerenea, Cristaphanes, Cristatosybra, Cristenes, Cristepilysta, Cristeryssamena, Cristhippopsis, Cristhybolasius, Cristipocregyes, Cristisse, Cristoberea, Cristocentrus, Cristodesisa, Cristoopsis, Cristophyllarthrius, Cristorhodopina, Cristurges, Crossidius, Crossocnemis, Crossomeles, Crossotus, Crotchiella, Crucihammus, Crucitragus, Cryptobelus, Cryptobias, Cryptocranium, Ctenodes, Ctenomaeus, Ctenoplon, Ctenoscelis, Cubaecola, Cubilia, Cubilioides, Cuicirama, Cuiciuna, Cupanoscelis, Cupecuara, Cupeyalia, Curiofrea, Curitiba, Curius, Curtomerus, Curuapira, Cyanagapanthia, Cyanamphoecus, Cyaneophytoecia, Cyanolipton, Cyanomethia, Cyardium, Cyclocranium, Cyclopeplus, Cycloprionus, Cyclotaenia, Cycnidolon, Cycnoderus, Cydros, Cylicasta, Cylindilla, Cylindrecamptus, 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Elateropsis, Elatotrypes, Eleanor, Elegantometallyra, Elegantozoum, Elelea, Eleothinus, Eligmoderma, Elongatocontoderus, Elongatohomelix, Elongatomerionoeda, Elongatopothyne, Elongatoserixia, Elongatosybra, Elydnus, Elytracanthina, Elytrimitatrix, Elytroleptus, Embrikstrandia, Embryon, Emeileptura, Emenica, Emeopedopsis, Emeopedus, Emphiesmenus, Emphreus, Emphytoecia, Emphytoeciosoma, Enaphalodes, Enaretta, Enchoptera, Encyclops, Endybauna, Eneodes, Enes, Engyum, Enicodes, Enicoeme, Enispiella, Enneaphyllus, Enoplocerus, Enoploderes, Enosmaeus, Enotes, Enotocleptes, Enotogenes, Enotoschema, Entelopes, Entetraommatus, Enthymius, Entomosterna, Eodalis, Eodorcadion, Eohyllisia, Eoporis, Eosthenias, Eosybra, Eotithoes, Epacroplon, Epania, Epaphra, Epectasis, Epepeotes, Ephiales, Ephies, Epianthe, Epiblapsilon, Epiblepisanis, Epicasta, Epicedia, Epiclytus, Epidichostates, Epidiscoceps, Epiglenea, Epilysta, Epilystoides, Epimelitta, Epimesosa, Epipedocera, Epipodocarpus, Epirochroa, Epirochroides, Episacus, Epithora, Epitophysis, Eponina, Epopea, Epropetes, Epuraecha, Eranina, Eraninella, Ereis, Eremon, Eremophanes, Eremophanoides, Eremosybra, Ergates, Erichsonia, Eriocharis, Erioderus, Eriphosoma, Eriphus, Erlandia, Eroschema, Erosida, Erphaea, Eryalus, Eryphus, Erythraenus, Erythresthes, Erythrocalla, Erythrochiton, Erythroclea, Erythroplatys, Erythropterus, Erythrus, Esaete, Esaguasu, Esamirim, Esmeralda, Esonius, Esseiachryson, Essisus, Essostrutha, Essostruthella, Esthlogena, Esthlogenopsis, Estigmenida, Estola, Estoloderces, Estoloides, Estolomimus, Etaxalus, Ethemon, Ethioeme, Ethiolygrus, Etimasu, Etiosaphanus, Etorofus, Etymosphaerion, Eucharassus, Eucharitolus, Eucilmus, Eucomatocera, Eucrossus, Eudaphisia, Euderces, Eudesmus, Eudianodes, Eudihammus, Eudistenia, Eudryoctenes, Euestola, Eugamandus, Eugoides, Eugrapheus, Eulachnesia, Eulitoclonius, Eulitopus, Eumathes, Eumecocera, Eumichthus, Eumimesis, Eunidia, Eunidiella, Eunidiopsis, Euoplia, Eupalelius, Eupalessa, Eupempelus, Eupogoniopsis, Eupogonius, Euporus, Eupromera, Eupromerella, Eupromus, Euryarthrum, Eurycallinus, Euryclelia, Euryclytosemia, Eurycoptosia, Euryestola, Eurylemma, Eurymerus, Eurymesosa, Eurynassa, Euryphagus, Euryphryneta, Euryplocia, Eurypoda, Euryprosopus, Euryptera, Euryscelis, Eurysops, Eurysthea, Euryxaenapta, Euryzeargyra, Eusapia, Euseboides, Eusphaerium, Eustathes, Eusthenomus, Eustrangalis, Eustromula, Eusyntheta, Eutaenia, Euteleuta, Eutetrapha, Euthima, Euthyastus, Eutrichillus, Eutrypanus, Evgenius, Evgoa, Evodinus, Exaeretiformis, Exalcidion, Exallancyla, Exalphus, Examnes, Exarrhenodes, Exarrhenus, Eximia, Exocentrancylistes, Exocentroides, Exocentrus, Exoparyphus, Eyiaba, Fallacia, Falsacalolepta, Falsacanthocinus, Falsadjinga, Falsagnia, Falsallophyton, Falsamblesthis, Falsamblymora, Falsanoplistes, Falsapolia, Falsapomecyna, Falsatimura, Falsenicodes, Falsepilysta, Falsestoloides, Falseunidia, Falsexocentroides, Falsexocentrus, Falshomelix, Falsidactus, Falsimalmus, Falsischnolea, Falsobiobessa, Falsobrium, Falsocacia, Falsoceraegidion, Falsocleptometopus, Falsocoedomea, Falsocularia, Falsocylindropomus, Falsodihammus, Falsohippopsicon, Falsohomaemota, Falsohyagnis, Falsohyllisia, Falsoibidion, Falsomassicus, Falsomelanauster, Falsomesosella, Falsometopides, Falsomoechotypa, Falsomoechotypoides, Falsonyctopais, Falsoparmena, Falsoplocia, Falsoprosoplus, Falsoropica, Falsoropicoides, Falsorsidis, Falsoserixia, Falsosophronica, Falsostesilea, Falsoterinaea, Falsoterinaeopsis, Falsotmesisternus, Falsotrachystola, Falsotragiscus, Falsovelleda, Falsoxeanodera, Falsozeargyra, Falsozorilispe, Falsozorispiella, Fasciculacmocera, Fasciculancylistes, Fasciculapomecyna, Faustabryna, Fehmii, Filipinmulciber, Fisherostylus, Flabellomorphus, Formicomimus, Formosopyrrhona, Formosotoxotus, Formozotroctes, Fortuneleptura, Frankluquetia, Frea, Freadelpha, Frearanova, Fredlanea, Fredlanella, Fregolia, Freocoroides, Freocorus, Freocrossotus, Freoexocentrus, Freopsis, Frondipedia, Furona, Gabunsaphanidus, Gagarinia, Gahania, Galileoana, Galissus, Gambria, Ganosomus, Garissa, Garnierius, Gasponia, Gastrophacodes, Gastrosarus, Gauresthes, Gaurotes, Gaurotina, Gaurotinus, Geloharpya, Gelonaetha, Gemylus, Gennarus, Georgiana, Gerania, Gerdberndia, Gerdius, Geropa, Gestriana, Geteuma, Gibbestola, Gibbestoloides, Gibbocerambyx, Gibbohammus, Gibbomesosella, Giesbertella, Giesbertia, Gigantopalimna, Gigantotrichoderes, Gisostola, Glaphyra, Glaucotes, Glaucytes, Glenea, Gleneonupserha, Glenida, Glomibidion, Glycobius, Glyphosoma, Glypthaga, Glyptoceridion, Glyptoscapus, Gnaphalodes, Gnathoenia, Gnatholea, Gnatholeophanes, Gnathonyx, Gnathopraxithea, Gnathostrangalia, Gnoma, Gnomibidion, Gnomidolon, Gnomodes, Goatacara, Goephanes, Goephanomimus, Goes, Golsinda, Gonyacantha, Gortonia, Gorybia, Gounellea, Gounelloeme, Gourbeyrella, Graciella, Gracilia, Gracilichroma, Graciliderolus, Gracililamia, Gracilinitocris, Gracilosphya, Graminea, Grammicosum, Grammoechus, Grammopsis, Grammopsoides, Grammoptera, Grammoxyla, Granastyochus, Granolamia, Granopothyne, Granulenotes, Granulhepomidion, Granulorsidis, Graphicoglaucytes, Graphidessa, Graphisurus, Gressittichroma, Griphapex, Grupiara, Gryllica, Grynex, Guayuriba, Guedesia, Guerryus, Guitelia, Gurubira, Guttulamia, Gyarancita, Gyaritodes, Gyaritus, Gymnocerina, Gymnocerus, Gymnopsyra, Gymnostylus, Gyrpanetes, Hadimus, Hadroibidion, Hadromastix, Haenkea, Hainanhammus, Hallothamus, Halme, Halmenida, Hamatastus, Hamaticherus, Haplidoeme, Haplidus, Haploeax, Haploparmena, Haplopsebium, Haplorhabdus, Haplothrix, Harimius, Harringtonia, Haruspex, Hastatis, Hastertia, Hathliodes, Hathliolophia, Hawaiiandra, Hayashichroma, Hayashiechthistatus, Hayashiella, Hebestola, Hechinoschema, Hecphora, Hecyra, Hecyroides, Hecyromorpha, Hedypathes, Heffernia, Helenoglaucytes, Heliolus, Helladia, Helminda, Helvina, Helymaeus, Hemadius, Hemesthocera, Hemicladus, Hemicryllis, Hemierana, Hemilissa, Hemilissopsis, Hemiloapis, Hemilocrinitus, Hemilomecopterus, Hemilophus, Hephaestioides, Hephaestion, Hephialtes, Hepomidion, Herophila, Herozoum, Hesperanoplium, Hespereburia, Hesperoclytus, Hesperoferus, Hesperophanes, Hesperophanoschema, Hesperophymatus, Hesthesis, Hestimidius, Hestimoides, Hesycha, Hesychotypa, Heterachthes, Heteraedoeus, Heteraneflus, Heteresmia, Heteroclytomorpha, Heterocompsa, Heteroglenea, Heterometopia, Heteropalpoides, Heteropalpus, Heterophilus, Heterops, Heterosaphanus, Heterotaxalus, Hexacona, Hexamitodera, Hexarrhopala, Hexatricha, Hexocycnidolon, Hexoplon, Hiekeia, Hilarolea, Hilaroleopsis, Hileolaspis, Hilobothea, Hippaphesis, Hippocephala, Hippopsicon, Hippopsis, Hirtaeschopalaea, Hirticallia, Hirticlytus, Hirtobrasilianus, Hisarai, Hispastathes, Hispomorpha, Hoegea, Holoaerenica, Hologaster, Hololeprus, Holonotus, Holopleura, Holopterus, Holorusius, Holosphaga, Homaemota, Homaloidion, Homalomelas, Homelix, Homoeophloeus, Homogenes, Homonoea, Hoplathemistus, Hoplideres, Hoplidosterus, Hoplistocerus, Hoplistonychus, Hoplocerambyx, Hoplocleptes, Hoplogrammicosum, Hoplomeces, Hoplomelas, Hoplorana, Hoploranomimus, Hormathus, Hosmaeus, Hospes, Hotarionomus, Hovatoma, Hovorea, Hovorelus, Hovorestenia, Hovorodon, Howea, Hudepohlellus, Huedepohlia, Huedepohliana, Huequenia, Hukaruana, Hyagnis, Hyagnoides, Hybodera, Hybolasiellus, Hybolasiopsis, Hybolasius, Hybometopia, Hyborhabdus, Hybunca, Hydraschema, Hyleoza, Hylettus, Hyllisia, Hyllisiopsis, Hylomela, Hylorus, Hylotrupes, Hypamazso, Hypargyra, Hypatium, Hyperplatys, Hypexilis, Hyphus, Hypocacia, Hypocephalus, Hypocrites, Hypoeschrus, Hypogenes, Hypomares, Hypomia, Hypostilbus, Hypselomus, Hypsideres, Hypsideroides, Hypsioma, Hystatoderes, Hystatus, Hysterarthron, Ialyssus, Iaquira, Iareonycha, Iarucanga, Iatuca, Iberodorcadion, Ibidion, Ibidionidum, Ibitiruna, Icariotis, Icaunauna, Icelastatis, Ichthyodes, Icimauna, Icosium, Icublabia, Icupima, Idactus, Idephrynus, Ideratus, Idiocalla, Idiopidonia, Idiopsebium, Idiostrangalia, Idobrium, Igualda, Illaena, Imantocera, Imbrius, Imerinus, Inermaegocidnus, Inermestola, Inermestoloides, Inermoleiopus, Inermomulciber, Inermoparmena, Insuetaspis, Insulochamus, Intricatotrypanius, Ioesse, Iothocera, Ipepo, Iphiothe, Iphra, Ipochira, Ipochiromima, Ipochus, Ipothalia, Ippitoides, Iproca, Iquiara, Iquiracetima, Iranobrium, Iresioides, Ironeus, Irundiaba, Irundisaua, Ischasia, Ischasioides, Ischiocentra, Ischioderes, Ischioloncha, Ischionodonta, Ischionorox, Ischioplites, Ischiosioma, Ischnauchen, Ischnia, Ischnocnemis, Ischnodora, Ischnolea, Ischnoleomimus, Ischnophygas, Ischnorrhabda, Ischnostrangalis, Ischnotes, Isochariesthes, Isomerida, Isosaphanodes, Isosaphanus, Isostenygra, Isotomus, Isotrium, Isse, Isthmiade, Itaclytus, Itaituba, Itajutinga, Ites, Itheum, Ithocritus, Itumbiara, Iuaca, Iuati, Iurubanga, Jadotia, Jamesia, Jampruca, Jamwonus, Janidera, Japanomesosa, Japanostrangalia, Japonopsimus, Jeanvoinea, Jebusaea, Jendekia, Jolyellus, Jonthodes, Jonthodina, Jordanoleiopus, Judolia, Judolidia, Juiaparus, Juninia, Jupoata, Jurua, Kabatekiella, Kabylophytoecia, Kallyntrosternidius, Kalore, Kanekoa, Katarinia, Kazuoclytus, Kenyavelleda, Kenyoeme, Kerochariesthes, Kerodiadelia, Khampaseuthia, Kirgizobia, Knulliana, Kolonibidion, Komiyandra, Konoa, Kuatinga, Kuatuniana, Kudekanye, Kunaibidion, Kunbir, Kurarua, Kyranycha, Lachaerus, Lachneophysis, Lachnia, Lachnopterus, Lacordairina, Laedorcari, Laelida, Lagocheirus, Lagrida, Lamacoscylus, Lamia, Lamidorcadion, Lamiessa, Lamiomimus, Lamproclytus, Lampropterus, Lanephus, Languriomorpha, Laodemonax, Laodora, Laokaya, Laoleptura, Laopania, Laosepilysta, Laosobrium, Laoterinaea, Lapazina, Laraesima, Lasiocercis, Lasiogaster, Lasiolepturges, Lasiopezus, Lasiophrys, Latabryna, Latecyrtidus, Lathroeus, Lathusia, Laticranium, Latisternum, Lautarus, Lebisia, Leioderes, Leiophysis, Leiopus, Leiotoma, Lemula, Lentalius, Leonaedoeus, Leontiprionus, Leprodera, Lepromoris, Leptachrous, Leptalia, Leptaschema, Leptenicodes, Leptepania, Leptochoriolaus, Leptocometes, Leptocyrtinus, Leptoeme, Leptomesosa, Leptomesosella, Leptonota, Leptophaula, Leptorhabdium, Leptosiella, Leptostrangalia, Leptostylopsis, Leptostylus, Leptoxenus, Leptrichillus, Leptura, Lepturalia, Lepturasta, Lepturdrys, Lepturgantes, Lepturges, Lepturginus, Lepturgotrichona, Lepturobosca, Lepturomyia, Lepturonota, Lepturopsis, Lepturoschema, Lepturovespa, Lesbates, Lesbra, Lethes, Leucographus, Leucophoebe, Leuronotus, Leus, Lianema, Liberedaxia, Licracantha, Limernaea, Limozota, Linda, Lingoria, Linopodius, Linopteridius, Linopteropsis, Linsleychroma, Linsleyonides, Linyra, Lioderina, Liogramma, Liosteburia, Liostola, Liosynaphaeta, Lissoeme, Lissonomimus, Lissonoschema, Lissonotus, Lissonotypus, Lissozodes, Listrocerum, Listroptera, Lithargyrus, Litopus, Lobarthron, Loboberea, Lochmaeocles, Lochmodocerus, Logaeus, Logisticus, Longelinopodius, Longipalpus, Lophalia, Lophopoenopsis, Lophopoeum, Lophopogonius, Lophoschema, Lucasianus, Lulua, Lundgrenosis, Luscosmodicum, Lustrocomus, Luzonoparmena, Lycaneptia, Lychrosimorphus, Lycidocerus, Lycidola, Lycochoriolaus, Lycomimus, Lycomorphoides, Lycosomus, Lydipta, Lygesis, Lygistopteroides, Lygrocharis, Lygrus, Lypsimena, Macellidiopygus, Macrambyx, Macrocamptus, Macrochenus, Macrochia, Macrochoriolaus, Macrocleptes, Macrodontia, Macroeme, Macrohammus, Macroleptura, Macronemus, Macrones, Macrophysis, Macropidonia, Macropophora, Macropraonetha, Macroprionus, Macropsebium, Macrorhabdium, Macroropica, Macrosaspis, Macrospina, Macrotoma, Maculileiopus, Madecassometallyra, Magaliella, Magninia, Mahenes, Mahenoides, Maisi, Malacopterus, Malacoscylus, Malagassycarilia, Malayanomolorchus, Mallaspis, Mallocera, Malloderma, Mallodon, Mallodonhoplus, Mallodonopsis, Mallonia, Mallosia, Mallosiola, Mallosoma, Malobidion, Maltheba, Malthonea, Malukandra, Mandibularia, Mannophorus, Mantitheus, Marauna, Marensis, Margites, Mariliana, Maripanus, Marmaroglypha, Marmylaris, Marocaulus, Martinsellus, Martinsia, Marupiara, Masatopes, Mascarenobrium, Massicus, Mastododera, Mattania, Maublancancylistes, Maublancia, Mauesia, Maulia, Mauritiobrium, Mecas, Mecasoma, Mecometopus, Mecosarthron, Mecosaspis, Mecotetartus, Mecynippus, Mecynome, Mecynopus, Megabasis, Megacera, Megaceron, Megacheuma, Megachoriolaus, Megacoelus, Megacriodes, Megacyllene, Megaderus, Megalobrimus, Megalofrea, Megaloharpya, Meganeflus, Meganoplium, Megapedion, Megapsyrassa, Megasemum, Megasticus, Megobaralipton, Megobrium, Megopis, Megosmidus, Meiyingia, Melanesiandra, Melanopais, Melanopolia, Melathemma, Melegena, Meliochamus, Meloemorpha, Melzerella, Melzerina, Melzerus, Mendesina, Menesia, Menesida, Menyllus, Mephritus, Meridiotroctes, Meriellum, Meringodes, Merionoeda, Merionoedina, Merionoedopsis, Merocoremia, Meroscelisus, Meryeurus, Mesathemistus, Mesechthistatus, Mesestola, Mesiphiastus, Mesocacia, Mesoereis, Mesolamia, Mesolita, Mesoprionus, Mesosa, Mesosaimia, Mesosella, Mesotroea, Metacmaeops, Metacopa, Metacoptops, Metacriodion, Metadriopea, Metagnoma, Metalamia, Metaleptus, Metallichroma, Metalliglaucytes, Metalloeme, Metallographeus, Metalloleptura, Metallonupserha, Metallyra, Metalocerus, Metamecyna, Metamecynopsis, Metamulciber, Metaperiaptodes, Metaphrenon, Metastrangalis, Metasulenus, Metepilysta, Methia, Methicula, Methioeme, Methioides, Metipocregyes, Metironeus, Meton, Metopides, Metopocoilus, Metopoplectus, Metopotylus, Metoxylamia, Mexicoscylus, Meximia, Micatocomus, Miccolamia, Michthisoma, Micrambyx, Micraneflus, Micranoplium, Microarthron, Microcacia, Microcanus, Microcapnolymma, Microcleptes, Microclytus, Microcriodes, Microcymatura, Microdebilissa, Microderolus, Microdorcadion, Microdymasius, Microgoes, Microhoplomelas, Microibidion, Microlamia, Microlenecamptus, Microlera, Microleroides, Microleropsis, Microloa, Microlophia, Micromaeus, Micromandibularia, Micromelopus, Micronoemia, Micropelta, Microphysis, Microplia, Microplocia, Microplophorus, Micropraonetha, Micropsyrassa, Microrhodopina, Microrhodopis, Microsomatidia, Microtragoides, Microtragus, Microxylorhiza, Micurus, Midamiella, Migdolus, Migmocera, Migorybia, Migsideres, Miguelia, Millotsaphanidius, Milothris, Miltesthus, Mimabryna, Mimacalolepta, Mimacanthocinus, Mimacmocera, Mimacronia, Mimaderpas, Mimadjinga, Mimaelara, Mimagelasta, Mimagnia, Mimalblymoroides, Mimamblesthidus, Mimanancylus, Mimancylistes, Mimanhammus, Mimapatelarthron, Mimapomecyna, Mimapriona, Mimaspurgus, Mimassinia, Mimasyngenes, Mimatimura, Mimatossa, Mimatybe, Mimauxa, Mimechthistatus, Mimectatina, Mimectatosia, Mimecyroschema, Mimenicodes, Mimepaphra, Mimepilysta, Mimepuraecha, Mimeremon, Mimeryssamena, Mimestola, Mimestoloides, Mimetaxalus, Mimeunidia, Mimeuseboides, Mimexocentroides, Mimexocentrus, Mimhoplomelas, Mimiculus, Mimillaena, Mimiphiastus, Mimipochira, Mimiptera, Mimischnia, Mimobatocera, Mimoberea, Mimobybe, Mimocacia, Mimocagosima, Mimocalothyrza, Mimocentrura, Mimoceroplesis, Mimochariergus, Mimochariesthes,  Mimochlorisanis, Mimocoedomea, Mimocoelosterna, Mimocoptosia, Mimocornuscoparia, Mimocorus, Mimocratotragus, Mimocrossotus, Mimocularia, Mimocyrtinoclytus, Mimodesisa, Mimodiadelia, Mimodiaxenes, Mimodorcadion, Mimodriopea, Mimodystasia, Mimoeme, Mimofalsoropica, Mimoglenea, Mimogmodera, Mimognoma, Mimogrynex, Mimogyaritus, Mimohammus, Mimohecyra, Mimohippopsicon, Mimohippopsis, Mimohomonoea, Mimohoplorana, Mimohyagnis, Mimohyllisia, Mimolaelida, Mimolagrida, Mimolaia, Mimolasiocercis, Mimoleiopus, Mimoleprodera, Mimoleuronotus, Mimolochus, Mimolophia, Mimolophioides, Mimomacrochia, Mimomenyllus, Mimommata, Mimomorpha, Mimomulciber, Mimomusonius, Mimomyagrus, Mimomyromeus, Mimonemophas, Mimonephelotus, Mimonicarete, Mimoniphona, Mimonneticus, Mimononyma, Mimononymoides, Mimoopsis, Mimopezus, Mimophaeopate, Mimoplocia, Mimopogonius, Mimopothyne, Mimoprosoplus, Mimopsacothea, Mimoricopis, Mimoropica, Mimorsidis, Mimosaimia, Mimosaperdopsis, Mimoscapeuseboides, Mimosciadella, Mimosebasmia, Mimoserixia, Mimostedes, Mimostenellipsis, Mimosthenias, Mimostrangalia, Mimosybra, Mimotemnosternus, Mimotesthus, Mimotetrorea, Mimothelais, Mimotragocephala, Mimotriammatus, Mimotroea, Mimotropidema, Mimotrypanius, Mimotrysimia, Mimovelleda, Mimovitalisia, Mimoxenolea, Mimoxylamia, Mimoxylotoles, Mimozeargyna, Mimozotale, Mimozygocera, Mimozygoceropsis, Mindanaona, Minibidion, Miniprionus, Minipsyrassa, Minutius, Mionochroma, Miriclytus, Miroclytus, Mispila, Mispilodes, Mispilopsis, Mnemea, Moala, Mocoiasura, Moechohecyra, Moechotypa, Molitones, Molochrus, Molorchineus, Molorchoepania, Molorchus, Mombasius, Momisis, Momisofalsus, Moneilema, Monnechroma, Monnecles, Monneella, Monneellus, Monneoncideres, Monnetyra, Monneus, Monochamus, Monocladum, Monodesmus, Monoplia, Monoxenus, Monstropalpus, Montesia, Montrouzierina, Monzonia, Moratichroma, Mordellistenomimus, Morettus, Morimidius, Morimolamia, Morimonella, Morimopsidius, Morimopsis, Morimospasma, Morimus, Moron, Morphaneflus, Mourgliana, Mulciber, Munamizoa, Mundeu, Murosternum, Murupeaca, Murupi, Murzinia, Musaria, Muscidora, Musius, Musonius, Mussardia, Mutatocoptops, Muxbalia, Myacopterus, Myagrus, Mycerinodes, Mycerinopsis, Mycerinus, Mydasta, Mygalobas, Mynonebra, Mynonoma, Mynoparmena, Myonebrides, Myopsocometes, Myoxinus, Myoxomorpha, Myrmecoclytus, Myrmeocorus, Myrmexocentroides, Myromeus, Myromexocentrus, Myrsellus, Myrsinus, Mystacophorus, Mysteria, Mystrocnemis, Mystrosa, Mythodes, Mythozoum, Myzomorphus, Nadezhdiana, Nadezhdiella, Nakanea, Namiboeme, Namibomeces, Nanilla, Nannoprionus, Nanohammus, Nanostrangalia, Nanustes, Nastocerus, Nathriobrium, Nathrioglaphyra, Nathrius, Navosoma, Navosomopsis, Neacanista, Neachryson, Nealcidion, Neandra, Neaneflus, Neanthophylax, Necalphus, Neclamia, Necydalis, Necydalopsis, Necydalosaurus, Nedine, Nedytisis, Neholopterus, Nemaschema, Nemognathomimus, Nemophas, Nemotragus, Nenenia, Neoachryson, Neoalosterna, Neoamphion, Neobaryssinus, Neobellamira, Neobethelium, Neobrachychilus, Neocalamobius, Neocallia, Neocarolus, Neocerambyx, Neochariesthes, Neocherentes, Neochrysoprasis, Neoclosterus, Neoclytus, Neocolobura, Neocompsa, Neocorestheta, Neocoridolon, Neocorus, Neocrossidius, Neoctoplon, Neodiadelia, Neodihammus, Neodillonia, Neodorcadion, Neoeburia, Neoeme, Neoencyclops, Neoepaphra, Neoeryssamena, Neoeutrypanus, Neofreocorus, Neogalissus, Neognomidolon, Neohebestola, Neohecyra, Neohoplonotus, Neohylus, Neoischnolea, Neolampedusa, Neoleptura, Neoludwigia, Neolygrus, Neoma, Neomallocera, Neomallodon, Neomarius, Neomoema, Neomusaria, Neonitocris, Neopachystola, Neopalame, Neoperiboeum, Neophrissoma, Neophygopoda, Neopibanga, Neopiciella, Neoplectrura, Neoplocaederus, Neopoeciloderma, Neopotiatuca, Neoptychodes, Neoregostoma, Neorhamnusium, Neorygocera, Neosarmydus, Neosciadella, Neoserixia, Neosomatidia, Neospondylis, Neostenus, Neosybra, Neotaphos, Neotaranomis, Neotrachystola, Neotropidion, Neouracanthus, Neoxantha, Neoxenicotela, Neozodes, Nepagyrtes, Nephalioides, Nephalius, Nephelotus, Nephithea, Nepiodes, Nericonia, Nesanoplium, Neseuterpia, Nesiosphaerion, Nesobrium, Nesodes, Nesoeme, Nesomomus, Nesophanes, Nesopriona, Nesopsebium, Nesosmodicum, Nesozineus, Nethinius, Nicarete, Nicias, Nicomioides, Nida, Nidella, Nigrolamia, Niisatochroma, Niophis, Niphabryna, Niphecyra, Nipholophia, Niphona, Niphonatossa, Niphoparmena, Niphoparmenoides, Niphopterolophia, Niphoropica, Niphosaperda, Niphosoma, Niphotragulus, Niphovelleda, Niponostenostola, Niraeus, Nisibistum, Nitakeris, Nitidobrium, Nivellia, Nivelliomorpha, Nobuosciades, Noctileptura, Nodubothea, Noeconia, Noemia, Noguerana, Nonochamus, Nonyma, Nonymodiadelia, Nortia, Nosavana, Noserius, Nothopleurus, Nothoprodontia, Nothopygus, Nothorhina, Notoceresium, Notocorrhenes, Notomulciber, Notophysis, Notorhabdium, Notosphaeridion, Novaeglaucytes, Novantinoe, Novorondonia, Nubosoplatus, Nungena, Nupseranodes, Nupserha, Nupserhoglenea, Nupseroberea, Nustera, Nyctimenius, Nyctonympha, Nyctopais, Nyoma, Nyphasia, Nyssicostylus, Nyssicus, Nyssocarinus, Nyssocuneus, Nyssodectes, Nyssodrysilla, Nyssodrysina, Nyssodrysternum, Nyssosternus, Obages, Oberea, Obereoides, Obereopsis, Obrida, Obrioclytus, Obrium, Obscuropterus, Ocalemia, Oceanomegopis, Ochimus, Ochraethes, Ochrocesis, Ochrocydus, Ochrodion, Ochromima, Ochroptera, Ochrus, Ochyra, Ocoa, Ocroeme, Octotapnia, Ocularia, Oculipetilus, Oculobrium, Oculohammus, Odontocera, Odontolamia, Odontorhabdus, Odontozineus, Odzala, Oeax, Oebarina, Oectropsis, Oedecnema, Oedenoderus, Oedopeza, Oedudes, Oeme, Oemida, Oemodana, Oemona, Oemophanes, Oemospila, Ogmodera, Ogmoderidius, Ohbayashia, Oiceaca, Oihus, Okamira, Olenecamptus, Olenosus, Olethrius, Olexandrella, Oligoenoplus, Oligosmerus, Olivensa, Olmotega, Oloessa, Ombrosaga, Ommata, Ommidion, Omocyrius, Omodylia, Omophoena, Omosarotes, Omotagus, Omotes, Onalcidion, Oncideres, Oncioderes, Onocephala, Ontochariesthes, Onychocerus, Onychoglenea, Oopsidius, Oopsis, Opacibidion, Opades, Opheltes, Ophryops, Ophtalmibidion, Ophtalmoplon, Ophthalmemeopedus, Ophthalmocydrus, Oplatocera, Oplosia, Opsamates, Opsibidion, Opsidota, Opsies, Opsilia, Opsimus, Optomerus, Oraphanes, Orcesis, Oregostoma, Oreodera, Oriaethus, Orica, Oricopis, Orion, Ornistomus, Ornithia, Oroderes, Oropyrodes, Oroxenofrea, Orphnodula, Orsidis, Orteguaza, Orthochoriolaus, Ortholeptura, Orthomegas, Orthosoma, Orthostoma, Orwellion, Osmidus, Osmopleura, Osphranteria, Osphryon, Ossibia, Ossonis, Ostedes, Otaromia, Otenis, Othelais, Otheostethus, Othnocerus, Otroea, Otroeopsis, Otteissa, Oupyrrhidium, Ovaloparmena, Oxathres, Oxathridia, Oxilus, Oxycauloeme, Oxycoleus, Oxyhammus, Oxylamia, Oxylia, Oxylopsebus, Oxylymma, Oxymagis, Oxymerus, Oxymirus, Oxyommata, Oxypeltus, Oxypleurus, Oxyprosopus, Ozineus, Ozodera, Ozodes, Ozotroctes, Pacholatkoa, Pachycytes, Pachydissus, Pachylocerus, Pachymerola, Pachypeza, Pachypidonia, Pachysticus, Pachyta, Pachytella, Pachyteria, Pachyticon, Pachytodes, Paktoxotus, Palaeomegopis, Palaeosmodicum, Palaeotrachyderes, Palaeoxylosteus, Palame, Palausybra, Paleohemilophus, Palimna, Palimnodes, Pallidohecyra, Palpibidion, Palpicrassus, Panchylissus, Pandrosos, Panegyrtes, Pannychella, Pannychina, Pantilema, Pantomallus, Pantonyssus, Paphora, Papuandra, Papuleptura, Parabangalaia, Parabaryssinus, Parabatyle, Parabiobessa, Parabixadus, Parablabicentrus, Parablepisanis, Parabrimidius, Parabrimus, Parabryna, Parabunothorax, Parabybe, Paracaciella, Paracalamobius, Paracallia, Paracalybistum, Paracanista, Paracanthocinus, Paracanthosybra, Paracartus, Paracedemon, Parachalastinus, Parachariesthes, Parachelidonium, Parachydaeopsis, Paracleodoxus, Paracleonice, Paraclodia, Paraclytemnestra, Paraclytus, Paracnemolia, Paracoedomea, Paracolobizus, Paracomeron, Paracometes, Paracompsa, Paracompsosoma, Paracondyloides, Paracoptops, Paracornallis, Paracorrhenes, Paracorupella, Paracorus, Paracriodion, Paracristenes, Paracristocentrus, Paracrossotus, Paracyclotaenia, Paracyriothasastes, Paradandamis, Paradaxata, Paraderpas, Paradesisa, Paradesmiphora, Paradeucalion, Paradiadelia, Paradiallus, Paradichostathes, Paradidymocentrus, Paradiexia, Paradihammus, Paradinocephalus, Paradiscopus, Paradisterna, Paradistichocera, Paradjinga, Paradocus, Paradoliops, Paradriopea, Paradrycothaea, Paradyemus, Paradystus, Paraegocidnus, Paraenicodes, Paraepepeotes, Paraesylacris, Paraëthecerus, Parafrea, Parafreoides, Paragasponia, Paraglenea, Paragnia, Paragniopsis, Paragolsinda, Paragortonia, Paragraciella, Paragrynex, Paraguitelia, Parahathlia, Parahephaestion, Parahepomidion, Parahiekeia, Paraholopterus, Parahovatoma, Parahyagnis, Parahybolasius, Parahyllisia, Parahyphus, Parajoesse, Parakimerus, Paralamiodorcadion, Paralatisternum, Paralcidion, Paraleiopus, Paraleprodera, Paraleptidea, Paraleptoeme, Paraliostola, Paralissoeme, Paralogisticus, Paralophia, Paralychrosimorphus, Paralygesis, Paramacrotoma, Paramallosia, Paramartinsia, Paramblesthidopsis, Paramblymora, Paramecyna, Paramelanauster, Paramenesia, Paramenyllus, Paramesosella, Parametopides, Paramigdolus, Paramimiculus, Paramimistena, Paramispila, Paramispilopsis, Paramoechotypa, Paramombasius, Paramonoxenus, Paramoron, Paramulciber, Paramurosternum, Paramusonius, Paramussardia, Paramussardiana, Paramyrmecoclytus, Paramyromeus, Paranaches, Paranaesthetis, Paranaleptes, Paranamera, Paranandra, Parananilla, Paranaspia, Paranauxesis, Parancylistes, Parandra, Parandraceps, Parandrocephalus, Paraneosybra, Paranhammus, Paranicomia, Paraniphona, Paranisopodus, Paranitocris, Paranomoderus, Paranonyma, Paranoplium, Paranyssicus, Paraocalemia, Parapantonyssus, Parapeba, Parapeleconus, Parapezus, Paraphacodes, Paraphanis, Paraphemone, Paraphilomecyna, Paraphloeopsis, Paraphosphorus, Paraphronastes, Paraphryneta, Paraplagiomus, Paraplanodes, Parapolyacanthia, Parapolytretus, Parapomempsoides, Parapotemnemus, Paraprobatius, Paraprotomocerus, Parapteridotelus, Parapythais, Pararhopaloscelides, Pararhytiphora, Pararondibilis, Pararopica, Parasalpinia, Parasalvazaon, Paraschoenionta, Parasemnus, Parasemolea, Paraserixia, Paraskeletodes, Parasmermus, Parasolymus, Parasomatidia, Parasophronica, Parasophronicomimus, Parasophroniella, Parasphaerion, Parasphallenum, Parasphigmothorax, Paraspilotragus, Parastathes, Parastathmodera, Parastenostola, Parastesilea, Parasthenias, Parastizocera, Parastrangalis, Parastrongylaspis, Parasulenus, Parasumelis, Parasybra, Parasybropis, Paratemnopis, Paratenthras, Paratessaropa, Paratesta, Parathemistus, Paratheocris, Paratheresina, Parathetesis, Parathyastus, Parathyestes, Parathylactus, Parathylia, Paratimia, Paratimiola, Paratlepolemoides, Paratophysis, Paratrachysomus, Paratragon, Paratritania, Paratropidema, Paratrypanius, Paratybe, Parauna, Parauxa, Parauxesis, Paravelleda, Paraxenolea, Paraxoes, Paraxylocrius, Paraxylotoles, Parazorilispe, Parazosmotes, Parazosne, Parazygocera, Pardaloberea, Pareccrisis, Parecharista, Parechthistatus, Parectatina, Parectatosia, Parecyroschema, Parelaphidion, Parelaptus, Paremeopedus, Parentelopes, Pareoporis, Parepectasoides, Parepicedia, Parepilysta, Parepimelitta, Parereis, Pareryssamena, Paressisus, Parestola, Paretaxalus, Pareunidia, Pareuseboides, Pareutaenia, Pareutetrapha, Parevander, Parexarrhenus, Parexocentrus, Parhaplothrix, Parhecyra, Parhippopsicon, Parhippopsis, Parichthyodes, Paridactus, Paripochira, Paripocregyes, Pariproca, Parischasia, Parischnolea, Parmena, Parmenolamia, Parmenomorpha, Parmenonta, Parmenopsis, Parmenosoma, Parobages, Parobereopsis, Parochamus, Paroeax, Paroectropsis, Paroecus, Paroeme, Parolamia, Paroligopsis, Paromelix, Parommidion, Paromoeocerus, Paroplites, Paroriaethus, Paroricopis, Parorsidis, Parostedes, Parothelais, Paroxoplus, Parozodera, Parozodes, Parunxia, Paruraecha, Pascoea, Pasiphyle, Pathocerus, Pattalinus, Paulianacmaeops, Paulianometallyra, Pavieia, Peblephaeus, Pectinocallimus, Pectoctenus, Pedostrangalia, Peithona, Pelargoderus, Pelidnopedilon, Peloconus, Pembius, Pempsamacra, Pempteurys, Pemptolasius, Penaherreraus, Penhammus, Penichroa, Pentacosmia, Pentanodes, Penthea, Pentheochaetes, Pentheopraonetha, Penthides, Perarthrus, Periaptodes, Peribasis, Periboeum, Pericasta, Pericorus, Pericycos, Periergates, Periestola, Perigracilia, Perilasius, Perimonochamus, Perissomerus, Perissus, Peritapnia, Peritrox, Pertyia, Peruanus, Petrognatha, Peyeremoceras, Phacellocera, Phacellocerina, Phacellus, Phacodes, Phaea, Phaeapate, Phaedinus, Phalota, Phanis, Phantasis, Phantazoderus, Phantissus, Phaolus, Pharcidodes, Pharsalia, Phasganocnema, Phaula, Phelipara, Phelocalocera, Phelocalocerella, Phemonoides, Phemonopsis, Phesates, Phesatiodes, Phespia, Philematium, Philicus, Philomeces, Philomecyna, Philotoceraeoides, Philotoceraeus, Philus, Phimosia, Phitryonus, Phlaeopsis, Phloeus, Phlyarus, Phlyctaenodes, Phlyctenosis, Phocibidion, Phoebe, Phoebella, Phoebemima, Phoenicus, Phoenidnus, Phoracantha, Phosphorus, Phrissolaus, Phrissoma, Phrissomidius, Phrissomorimus, Phrosyne, Phryneta, Phrynetoides, Phrynetolamia, Phrynetopsis, Phrynidius, Phrynocris, Phrynoeme, Phygopoda, Phygopoides, Phyllarthrius, Phyllocnema, Phyllomaeus, Phyllotodes, Phymasterna, Phymatioderus, Phymatodes, Phyodexia, Physocnemum, Physopleurus, Phytoecia, Phytrocaria, Phyxium, Piampatara, Pibanga, Pidonia, Piesacus, Piesarthrius, Piezarina, Piezasteria, Piezocera, Piezochaerus, Piezogenista, Piezophidion, Piezosecus, Piimuna, Pilemia, Piliranova, Pilisphaerion, Pilomecyna, Pinacosterna, Pingblax, Piodes, Piola, Pirangoclytus, Piratininga, Piruanycha, Piruapsis, Piruauna, Pirulintia, Pithodia, Pithomictus, Pixodarus, Placoclytus, Placoeme, Placoschema, Placosternus, Plagiohammus, Plagiomus, Plagionotulus, Plagionotus, Plagiosarus, Plagithmysus, Planeacanista, Planisticus, Planodema, Planodes, Planopus, Platerosida, Platyarthron, Platycranium, Platycyrtidus, Platygnathus, Platysternus, Plaumanniella, Plaxomicrus, Plectogaster, Plectopsebium, Plectrocerum, Plectrodera, Plectromerus, Plectropygus, Plectroscapoides, Plectroscapus, Plectrura, Pleiarthrocerus, Plerodia, Plesioclytus, Pleuromenus, Plinthocoelium, Plionoma, Plistonax, Plocaederus, Plocia, Plociella, Plutonesthes, Pneumida, Pnigomenus, Podabrocephalus, Podanychroma, Poecilippe, Poecilium, Poecilobactris, Poecilobrium, Poeciloderma, Poecilomallus, Poecilopeplus, Poecilopyrodes, Poeciloxestia, Poekilosoma, Pogonarthron, Pogonillus, Pogonocherus, Poimenesperus, Poliaenus, Politodorcadion, Polyacanthia, Polyarthron, Polylobarthron, Polyoza, Polyphida, Polyphidiopsis, Polyrhaphis, Polyschisis, Polytretus, Polyzonus, Ponchelibius, Porangonycha, Porithea, Porithodes, Poromecyna, Potemnemus, Pothyne, Potiaete, Potiapua, Potiatuca, Potiaxixa, Poticuara, Potisangaba, Praemallaspis, Praolia, Praonethomimus, Praxithea, Pretilia, Prinobius, Prionacalus, Prionapterus, Prionoblemma, Prionocornis, Prionomma, Prionoplus, Prionopsis, Prionotoma, Prionus, Priotyrannus, Priscatoides, Priscilla, Proagapete, Proatimia, Probatiomimus, Probatodes, Procallimus, Proceroblesthis, Procleomenes, Proctocera, Prodomitia, Prodontia, Proeme, Prohylus, Promeces, Promecidus, Pronocera, Pronoplon, Pronuba, Propantodice, Proparasophronica, Proplerodia, Prosemanotus, Prosenella, Proseriphus, Prosidactus, Prosoplus, Prosopocera, Prosopoeme, Prosphilus, Prosternodes, Prosype, Protaxis, Prothema, Prothoracibidion, Protilema, Protilemoides, Protipochus, Protomallocera, Protomocerus, Protonarthron, Protoncideres, Protorhopala, Protorma, Protosphaerion, Protospondylis, Protuberonotum, Proxatrypanius, Psacothea, Psalidocoptus, Psalidognathus, Psalidosphryon, Psapharochrus, Psapharoctes, Psathyrioides, Psebena, Psebium, Psectrocera, Psenocerus, Psephactus, Psephania, Pseudabryna, Pseudacanthocinus, Pseudacorethra, Pseudaelara, Pseudaethomerus, Pseudagaone, Pseudalidus, Pseudalosterna, Pseudanaesthetis, Pseudanamera, Pseudancita, Pseudancylistes, Pseudangulatus, Pseudanhammus, Pseudapomecyna, Pseudapriona, Pseudaprophata, Pseudaristobia, Pseudastylopsis, Pseudauxa, Pseudectatosia, Pseudegalicia, Pseudelasma, Pseudepaphra, Pseudepectasis, Pseudepilysta, Pseuderos, Pseudestola, Pseudestoloides, Pseudetaxalus, Pseudeuclea, Pseudeuseboides, Pseudexocentrus, Pseudhammus, Pseudhecyra, Pseudhepomidion, Pseudhomelix, Pseudhoplomelas, Pseudhoplorana, Pseudichthyodes, Pseudidactus, Pseudimalmus, Pseudiphra, Pseudipochira, Pseudipocragyes, Pseudischnolea, Pseudisthmiade, Pseudobeta, Pseudobixadus, Pseudobixatoides, Pseudobolivarita, Pseudobottegia, Pseudobrimus, Pseudobrium, Pseudobybe, Pseudocalamobius, Pseudocallidium, Pseudocelosterna, Pseudocentruropsis, Pseudocephalus, Pseudoceresium, Pseudochariesthes, Pseudochelidonium, Pseudochlorisanis, Pseudochoeromorpha, Pseudocleomenes, Pseudoclodia, Pseudoclyzomedus, Pseudocobelura, Pseudocoedomea, Pseudocolynthaea, Pseudocomeron, Pseudocometes, Pseudoconizonia, Pseudocoptops, Pseudocoptosia, Pseudocorus, Pseudocriopsis, Pseudoculobrium, Pseudocyriocrates, Pseudodeltaspis, Pseudodidymocentrus, Pseudodihammus, Pseudodisterna, Pseudodoliops, Pseudoechthistatus, Pseudoeriphus, Pseudoeuchitonia, Pseudofrea, Pseudogaurotina, Pseudogenes, Pseudogisostola, Pseudoglenea, Pseudogrammopsis, Pseudoharpya, Pseudohippopsis, Pseudohyllisia, Pseudolatisternum, Pseudolepturges, Pseudolinda, Pseudolmotega, Pseudolophia, Pseudomacrochenus, Pseudomallocera, Pseudomecas, Pseudomeges, Pseudomenyllus, Pseudomethia, Pseudometopides, Pseudomiccolamia, Pseudomonochamus, Pseudomonoxenus, Pseudomoron, Pseudomulciber, Pseudomusaria, Pseudomusius, Pseudomussardia, Pseudomyagrus, Pseudomyrmecion, Pseudomyromeus, Pseudomythodes, Pseudonemophas, Pseudonicarete, Pseudonitocris, Pseudononyma, Pseudonupserha, Pseudoopsis, Pseudopachydissus, Pseudoparanaspia, Pseudoparaphloeus, Pseudoparmena, Pseudopathocerus, Pseudoperiboeum, Pseudoperma, Pseudopezus, Pseudopharsalia, Pseudophaula, Pseudophimosia, Pseudophistomis, Pseudophlyctaenodes, Pseudophosphorus, Pseudophygopoda, Pseudophytoecia, Pseudopilema, Pseudoplanodes, Pseudoplites, Pseudoplon, Pseudopothyne, Pseudoprionus, Pseudopsacothea, Pseudorhaphiptera, Pseudorhodopis, Pseudoricopis, Pseudoropica, Pseudorsidis, Pseudorucentra, Pseudoschoenionta, Pseudosemnus, Pseudosieversia, Pseudosophronica, Pseudosparna, Pseudospermus, Pseudosphegesthes, Pseudossibia, Pseudostedes, Pseudostenaspis, Pseudostenidea, Pseudostesilea, Pseudostixis, Pseudostrangalia, Pseudostyne, Pseudosybra, Pseudosybroides, Pseudotaeniotes, Pseudotapeina, Pseudotapnia, Pseudoterinaea, Pseudotetraglenes, Pseudothestus, Pseudothonalmus, Pseudothyastus, Pseudothyestes, Pseudotmesisternus, Pseudotrachystola, Pseudotragiscus, Pseudotragocephala, Pseudotypocerus, Pseudovadonia, Pseudovelleda, Pseudoxenicotela, Pseudoxylosteus, Pseudozelota, Pseudozorilispe, Pseudozygocera, Pseuduraecha, Psilacestes, Psiloibidion, Psilomastix, Psilomerus, Psilomorpha, Psilotarsus, Psygmatocerus, Psylacrida, Psyllotoxoides, Psyllotoxus, Psyrassa, Psyrassaforma, Pteracantha, Ptericoptomimus, Ptericoptus, Pteridoteloides, Pteridotelus, Pterochaos, Pterolamia, Pterolophia, Pterolophiella, Pterolophioides, Pterolophosoma, Pteromallosia, Pteroplatidius, Pteroplatus, Pteroplius, Pteroptychus, Ptychodes, Ptycholaemus, Puanama, Pubescibidion, Pucallpa, Pufujia, Pulchrenicodes, Pulchrodiboma, Pulchroglaucytes, Punctozotroctes, Purpuricenopsis, Purpuricenus, Purusia, Purusiella, Pycnomorphidiellus, Pycnopsis, Pygmaeopsis, Pygmaleptostylus, Pygmodeon, Pygoleptura, Pygoptosia, Pygostrangalia, Pyrestes, Pyrianoreina, Pyrocalymma, Pyrocorennys, Pyrodes, Pyrotrichus, Pyrpotyra, Pyrrhidium, Pyrrhona, Pythais, Pytheus, Quasimesosella, Quatiara, Quercivir, Quettania, Quiacaua, Quirimbaua, Rachidion, Raharizonina, Ramodatodes, Ramularius, Ranova, Ranqueles, Rapuzziana, Recchia, Rejzekius, Remphan, Retilla, Retrachydes, Rhabdoclytus, Rhachicolus, Rhadia, Rhadinomaeus, Rhaesus, Rhagiomorpha, Rhagium, Rhamnusium, Rhaphidopsis, Rhaphipodus, Rhaphiptera, Rhaphipteroides, Rhaphuma, Rhathymoscelis, Rhineimegopis, Rhinophthalmus, Rhinotragus, Rhipidocerus, Rhodocharis, Rhodoleptus, Rhodopina, Rhomboidederes, Rhondia, Rhopalessa, Rhopaliella, Rhopalizarius, Rhopalizida, Rhopalizodes, Rhopalizus, Rhopalomeces, Rhopalophora, Rhopalophorella, Rhopaloscelis, Rhysium, Rhytidodera, Rhytiphora, Rierguscha, Robustanoplodera, Rodriguezius, Romulus, Rondibilis, Ropalopus, Ropica, Ropicapomecyna, Ropicella, Ropicomimus, Ropicomorphoides, Ropicosybra, Rosalba, Rosalia, Rosenbergia, Rostroclytus, Rucentra, Rufohammus, Rufosophronica, Rufulosophronica, Rugosocleptes, Rugosophysis, Rumacon, Rumuara, Rusapeana, Rusticoclytus, Rutpela, Sachalinobia, Saepiseuthes, Sagridola, Salpinia, Saltanecydalopsis, Salvazaon, Sangaris, Saperda, Saperdoglenea, Saphanidus, Saphanodes, Saphanus, Saporaea, Sarathropezus, Sarifer, Sarillus, Sarmydus, Sarosesthes, Sarothrocera, Sarothrogastra, Sassandrioides, Satipoella, Savang, Scabroschema, Scalenus, Scapacartus, Scapanopygus, Scapastathes, Scapeuseboides, Scapexocentrus, Scaphinus, Scapochariesthes, Scapodasys, Scapogoephanes, Scaposerixia, Scaposodus, Scaposophroniella, Scapozygocera, Scapozygoceropsis, Scariates, Scatogenus, Scatopyrodes, Sceleocantha, Schiacallia, Schizax, Schizodontus, Schizogaster, Schmidtiana, Schoenionta, Schoutedenius, Schreiteria, Schwarzerium, Sciades, Sciadosoma, Sciocyrtinus, Scituloglaucytes, Scleronotus, Sclethrus, Scolecobrotus, Scolochilus, Scopadus, Scopanta, Scytasis, Scythroleus, Seabraellus, Seabraia, Seabria, Seabriella, Sebasmia, Semanotus, Semiangusta, Semiope, Semiphoracantha, Senorius, Sepaicutea, Sepicana, Serixia, Serixiomenesia, Serixiomimus, Serixiophytoecia, Serratobicon, Sesiosa, Sestyra, Seticeros, Setodocus, Setohyllisia, Setomesosa, Setoparmena, Setoropica, Setosophroniella, Setovelleda, Seuthes, Shimomuraia, Sibapipunga, Sidellus, Silgonda, Similocorus, Similonedine, Similosodus, Simocrysa, Simplexeburia, Sinoclytus, Sinodorcadion, Sinomimovelleda, Sinopachys, Sinopidonia, Sinostrangalis, Sitiorica, Sivana, Skeletodes, Smaragdion, Smodicum, Soalalana, Sobarus, Sodopsis, Solaia, Solangella, Solenoptera, Soluta, Solymus, Somatidia, Somatidiopsis, Somatocleptes, Somatolita, Somatovelleda, Sophron, Sophronica, Sophronicoides, Sophronicomimus, Sophronisca, Sorbia, Sorelia, Soridopsis, Sormea, Sormida, Sormidomorpha, Sotades, Sotira, Soupha, Souvanna, Spalacopsis, Sparna, Spathoptera, Spathopygus, Spathuliger, Sphaenothecus, Sphaerioeme, Sphaerion, Sphaerionillum, Sphagoeme, Sphallambyx, Sphallenopsis, Sphallenum, Sphalloeme, Sphallonycha, Sphallopterus, Sphallotrichus, Sphecomorpha, Sphegoclytus, Sphenostethus, Sphigmothorax, Sphingacestes, Sphingnotus, Spiloprionus, Spilotragoides, Spilotragus, Spinaristobia, Spinegesina, Spinenicodes, Spinetaxalus, Spineugrapheus, Spineuteleuta, Spinexocentrus, Spinhoplathemistus, Spiniderolus, Spinimegopis, Spiniphilus, Spiniphra, Spinipochira, Spinipocregyes, Spinoberea, Spinoblesthis, Spinocentruropsis, Spinochariesthes, Spinodiadelia, Spinogoephanes, Spinogramma, Spinohybolasius, Spinoleioposopus, Spinoleiopus, Spinomyrmecoclytus, Spinoplon, Spinopotemnemus, Spinopraonetha, Spinopterolophia, Spinosodus, Spinosomatidia, Spinosophronica, Spinosophroniella, Spinosophronisca, Spinospasma, Spinostenellipsis, Spinovelleda, Spinozorilispe, Spinozotroctes, Spintheria, Spodotaenia, Spondylis, Sporetus, Squamosaperdopsis, Stathmodera, Steata, Stegenagapanthia, Stegenodes, Stegenus, Steinheilia, Steirastoma, Stellognatha, Stenandra, Stenaspis, Stenauxa, Stenelaphus, Stenellipsis, Stenelytrana, Stenhomalus, Stenideopsis, Stenobatyle, Stenobia, Stenobrium, Stenocentrura, Stenocentrus, Stenochariergus, Stenochroma, Stenocidnus, Stenocoptoeme, Stenocoptoides, Stenocoptus, Stenocorus, Stenodoliops, Stenodontes, Stenodryas, Stenoeme, Stenoidion, Stenoleptura, Stenolis, Stenomesosa, Stenomiaenia, Stenoparmena, Stenopausa, Stenophantes, Stenophloeus, Stenophryneta, Stenopseustes, Stenopterus, Stenorhopalus, Stenosphenus, Stenostola, Stenostrophia, Stenotsivoka, Stenoxotus, Stenurella, Stenygra, Stenygrinum, Stereomerus, Sternacanista, Sternacanthus, Sternacutus, Sternangustum, Sternidius, Sternidocinus, Sternohammus, Sternoharpya, Sternorsidis, Sternotomimus, Sternotomis, Sternycha, Stesilea, Stethoperma, Sthelenus, Sthenias, Stheniopygus, Stibara, Stictoleptura, Stictosomus, Stiphilus, Stixis, Stizocera, Stolidodere, Storeyandra, Strandiata, Strangalepta, Strangalia, Strangalidium, Strangalomorpha, Stratioceros, Stratone, Streptolabis, Striatacanthocinus, Striatanaesthetis, Striatoptycholaemus, Striatorsidis, Strioderes, Striomecyna, Striomiaena, Striononyma, Striophytoecia, Stromatiodes, Stromatium, Strongylaspis, Strongylurus, Strophiona, Stultutragus, Stychoides, Stychoparmena, Styliceps, Styloleptoides, Styloleptus, Styloxus, Subexocentrus, Subinermexocentrus, Sudreana, Suipinima, Sulawesiella, Sulcommata, Sulenopsis, Sulenus, Sulpitus, Sumatochroma, Sumelis, Superagnia, Susuacanga, Susuanycha, Suzelia, Swaziphanes, Sybaguasu, Sybilla, Sybra, Sybrepilysta, Sybrinus, Sybrocentrura, Sybrodoius, Sybrohyagnis, Sybroides, Sybromimus, Sybroopsis, Sybropis, Sybroplocia, Sybropraonetha, Sychnomerus, Sydax, Sydonia, Syllitosimilis, Syllitus, Sympagus, Symperga, Sympergoides, Symphyletes, Sympleurotis, Synaphaeta, Synaptola, Synelasma, Synhomelix, Synixais, Sypilus, Syrrhopeus, Tabatinga, Tacyba, Taelosilla, Taeniotes, Tagalog, Taiwanajinga, Taiwanocarilia, Tallyrama, Talupes, Tambusa, Tambusoides, Tamenes, Tangavelleda, Tanyochraethes, Tanzaniphanes, Tapeina, Taphos, Tapina, Tapinolachnus, Tapuruia, Taricanus, Tarsotropidus, Taurolema, Taurorcus, Taurotagus, Taygayba, Teispes, Teledapus, Telocera, Telotoma, Temnolamia, Temnopis, Temnoscelis, Temnosceloides, Temnosternopsis, Temnosternus, Tengius, Tenthras, Teocchius, Teorotrium, Teosophronica, Tephrolamia, Teraschema, Teratoclytus, Teratoleptura, Tereticus, Terinaea, Terpnissa, Tersec, Tessarecphora, Tessaromma, Tessaropa, Tetamauara, Tetanola, Tetartanus, Tethionea, Tethlimmena, Tethystola, Tetradia, Tetraglenes, Tetraibidion, Tetranodus, Tetraommatus, Tetraopes, Tetraopidion, Tetrarpages, Tetrasarus, Tetraulax, Tetropiopsis, Tetropium, Tetroplon, Tetrops, Tetrorea, Tetroreopsis, Thalusia, Thapsyrus, Thaumasesthes, Thaumasocerus, Thaumasus, Thecladoris, Thelgetra, Themistonoë, Theocris, Theophilea, Thephantes, Thereselia, Theresina, Therippia, Thermistis, Thermonotus, Thestus, Thita, Thompsoniana, Thoracibidion, Thoris, Thouvenotiana, Thrangalia, Thranius, Thranodes, Thrichocalydon, Thryallis, Thyada, Thyellocerus, Thyestilla, Thylactomimus, Thylactus, Thyrsia, Tibiosioma, Tigranella, Tigrinestola, Tilloclytus, Tilloforma, Tilloglomus, Tillomimus, Tillomorpha, Timabiara, Timbaraba, Tinkhamia, Tippmannia, Titanus, Tithoës, Titoceres, Titurius, Tlepolemoides, Tlepolemus, Tmesisternus, Tobipuranga, Tomentgaurotes, Tomentophanes, Tomobrachyta, Tomohammus, Tomolamia, Tomopteropsis, Tomopterus, Tomrogersia, Torneucerus, Torneutes, Torneutopsis, Toronaeus, Toxeutes, Toxitiades, Toxotinus, Toxotomimus, Trachelissa, Trachelophanes, Trachelophora, Trachyderes, Trachyderomorpha, Trachyliopus, Trachylophus, Trachysida, Trachysomus, Trachystohamus, Trachystola, Trachystolodes, Tragidion, Tragiscomoides, Tragiscoschema, Tragocephala, Tragocerus, Tragon, Tragosoma, Tragostoma, Tragostomoides, Transipochira, Transvaalobrium, Trenetica, Trestoncideres, Trestonia, Triacetelus, Triammatus, Trichacalolepta, Trichacanthocinus, Trichadjinga, Trichagnia, Trichalcidion, Trichalphus, Trichamechana, Trichartelida, Trichastylopsis, Trichatelais, Trichauxa, Tricheczemotes, Trichellipsis, Trichemeopedus, Tricheops, Trichepectasis, Trichestola, Tricheurymerus, Trichhoplomelas, Trichillurges, Trichipochira, Trichipocregyes, Trichoanoreina, Trichocanonura, Trichocnaeia, Trichocnemis, Trichocontoderes, Trichocoscinesthes, Trichodemodes, Trichoderes, Trichodiadelia, Trichodiboma, Trichodocus, Trichodorcadion, Trichoeax, Trichoferus, Trichognoma, Trichohammus, Trichohathliodes, Trichohestima, Trichohippopsis, Trichohoplorana, Trichohyllisia, Tricholamia, Tricholeiopus, Tricholinopteridius, Tricholophia, Trichomaeus, Trichomauesia, Trichomecyna, Trichomelanauster, Trichomesia, Trichomesosa, Trichomonochamus, Trichonemophas, Trichoniphona, Trichonitocris, Trichonius, Trichonyssodrys, Trichoparmenonta, Trichopenthea, Trichophantasis, Trichophoroides, Trichophyllarthrius, Trichophysis, Trichoplon, Trichopothyne, Trichoprosoplus, Trichopsathyrus, Trichopterolophia, Trichorondibilis, Trichorondonia, Trichorsidis, Trichoserixia, Trichosophroniella, Trichostenidea, Trichostenideus, Trichostixis, Trichotithonus, Trichotroea, Trichovelleda, Trichoxys, Trichozygocera, Trichroa, Trichrous, Tricondyloides, Trigonarthris, Trigonarthron, Trigonopeplus, Trigonoptera, Trimeroderus, Trinophylum, Triodoclytus, Trirachys, Tristachycera, Tritania, Tritocosmia, Tritomacrus, Tropanisopodus, Tropicophanes, Tropidema, Tropidion, Tropidocoleus, Tropidoprion, Tropidozineus, Tropimerus, Tropimetopa, Tropis, Tropocalymma, Truncatipochira, Trypanidiellus, Trypanidius, Trypogeus, Trysimia, Tsivoka, Tsujius, Tsutsuia, Tuberastyochus, Tuberculacanthocinus, Tuberculancylistes, Tuberculetaxalus, Tuberculipochira, Tuberculosodus, Tuberculosybra, Tuberenes, Tuberodiadelia, Tuberolamia, Tuberopeplus, Tuberorachidion, Tuberothelais, Tuberozygocera, Tucales, Tucanti, Tucumaniella, Tulcoides, Tulcus, Tumiditarsus, Turanium, Turanoclytus, Turcmenigena, Turkaromia, Turnaia, Tya, Tybalmia, Tylcus, Tylonotus, Tylosis, Tyloxoles, Tympanopalpus, Typhlocerus, Typhocesis, Typocaeta, Typocerus, Typodryas, Typoma, Typophaula, Tyrinthia, Ucai, Udamina, Udeterus, Uenobrium, Uirassu, Ulochaetes, Ulogastra, Unabiara, Unachlorus, Unaiuba, Unaporanga, Unatara, Uncieburia, Undulatodoliops, Unelcus, Unxia, Upindauara, Uracanthus, Uraecha, Uraechoides, Urangaua, Urgleptes, Urorcites, Ussurella, Utopia, Utopileus, Utra, Vadonia, Vadonitoxotus, Valenus, Vandewegheia, Vandykea, Varieras, Velleda, Velledomimus, Velledopsis, Velora, Veloroides, Veloropsis, Venustus, Vesperella, Vesperoctenus, Vesperus, Vespinitocris, Vianopolisia, Vietetropis, Vilchesia, Villiersicometes, Villiersicus, Villiersocerus, Viossatus, Vitalisia, Vittatocrites, Vittatopothyne, Volxemia, Votum, Wahn, Wernerius, Weyrauchia, Woytkowskia, Xaenapta, Xalitla, Xanthoeme, Xanthonicias, Xanthopiodus, Xanthospila, Xaurus, Xenambyx, Xenicotela, Xenicotelopsis, Xenocallia, Xenocompsa, Xenocona, Xenocrasis, Xenocrasoides, Xenofrea, Xenohammus, Xenolea, Xenoleptura, Xenopachys, Xenophyrama, Xenostylus, Xeranoplium, Xestiodion, Xestoleptura, Xiphohathlia, Xiphotheata, Xiphotheopsis, Xixuthrus, Xoanodera, Xoanotrephus, Xoës, Xuthodes, Xylariopsis, Xylergates, Xylergatoides, Xylocaris, Xylocrius, Xylomimus, Xylorhiza, Xylosteus, Xylosybra, Xylotoles, Xylotoloides, Xylotrechus, Xylotribus, Xynenon, Xystochroma, Xystoena, Xystrocera, Xystroceroides, Yemenobrium, Yementallyrama, Ygapema, Yimnashana, Yimnashaniana, Yorkeica, Yoshiakioclytus, Zaeera, Zaeeroides, Zaeeropsis, Zagymnus, Zalophia, Zambiana, Zambiphanes, Zamium, Zamodes, Zaplous, Zarina, Zathecus, Zatrephus, Zeale, Zeargyrodes, Zegriades, Zelliboria, Zelota, Zenicomus, Zenochloris, Ziglipton, Zikanita, Zimbabobrium, Zipoetes, Zipoetoides, Zipoetopsis, Zoedia, Zographus, Zonopteroides, Zonopterus, Zonotylus, Zooblax, Zoocosmius, Zoodes, Zorilispe, Zorilispiella, Zorion, Zosmotes, Zosne, Zosterius, Zotalemimon, Zulphis, Zulphisoma, Zygocera, Zygoceropsis, Zygoferus, Zygrita

Izvori

Polyphaga


Scotland's inshore waters (out to 12 nautical miles) provide diverse and productive fisheries which are exploited by a variety of gears including demersal, nephrop and pelagic trawls, dredges, hand lines, hand diving, and creels. Within the commercial fishing sector there are concerns relating to excessive levels of exploitation of some stocks and conflicts between gear types, particularly between mobile and static gears.
It is also recognised that inshore fisheries are an important resource for recreational activity such as sea angling and scuba diving, whilst inshore biodiversity is a concern for those participating in wildlife observation and tourism. The inshore is very much a shared resource and policy needs to recognise demands of a diverse range of stakeholders and be based on robust evidence. This study is designed to help fill the substantial and widely recognised evidence gap which exists on inshore fisheries and which currently constrains the formation of policy.
1. One nautical mile ( NM) limit on the use of mobile fishing gear.
2. Three NM limit on the use of mobile fishing gear.
3. Limit on the permitted number of creels per vessel which would operate in conjunction with an overall cap on creel numbers or, equivalently, a fixed number of licences for vessels in the fishery. The analysis should also consider sub-options where trading of creel allocations between vessels is and is not permitted.
4. Introduction of catch limits or landing quotas which would operate in conjunction with an overall cap on catches or landings or, equivalently, a fixed number of licences for vessels in the fishery. The analysis should consider sub-options where trading of quota allocations between vessels is and is not permitted.
In addition, the analysis was to be disaggregated to the level of the six Inshore Fishery Groups ( IFGs) plus Shetland. Given the 4 policy options and 7 geographical areas this implies 28 cost benefit analyses and 28 economic impact assessments.
Options 1 and 2 presented no real problems in interpretation. With respect to Options 3 and 4, as work progressed clarification was requested on a number of issues and it became apparent that seemingly minor changes in specifications could significantly alter economic outcomes. In the time available, it was not feasible for Marine Scotland to fully specify their preferred creel and catch limit regimes. In the absence of a clear specification, an economic evaluation was not feasible. At the same time, a 2013 Marine Scotland consultation on new controls in the Nephrops and crab and lobster fisheries concluded that there was no appetite for the imposition of national creel limits and that, given the lack of evidence, there is no proposal to introduce them  . For these reasons, this study's applied economic modelling of specific nation-wide policy options was therefore restricted to Options 1 and 2.
However, the majority of IFG's have indicated a desire for local creel limits, as well as some other gear restrictions. The 2013 consultation concluded that, at the local level, creel or other limits may have a role to play. There is therefore a more immediate need for a more nuanced understanding of local creel limits. It was therefore agreed that the study would develop a general discussion on the consequences of different creel limits regimes. The purpose is to identify the various incentive effects, behavioural responses and economic outcomes of different creel limit regimes. The study was not charged with evaluating the relative merits of alternative creel limit regimes. Indeed, this is not possible since the merits any management instrument can only be assessed in line with the declared objectives.
The issue of gear conflict has been increasing in importance and Marine Scotland's required better knowledge on the nature, the extent and the economic consequences of gear conflicts. It was originally intended that the study would rely on secondary data on gear conflict. In lieu of the applied analysis of creel and catch limits, the study was able to extend its analysis of the gear conflict by generating much needed primary data. Thus, an on-line questionnaire for fishery operators was developed, along with an email based survey of fishery officers.
1. One NM limit on the use of mobile fishing gear.
2. Three- NM limit on the use of mobile fishing gear.
3. The study would provide an overview of the nature, extent and economic consequences of gear conflicts in Scottish inshore waters. This information would also inform the analysis of the proposed mobile gear restrictions.
4. The study will provide an analysis, predominantly aimed at IFGs, setting out at a conceptual / qualitative level the key factors that they need to consider in order to determine whether and how to introduce regional or local creel limits. The analysis would set out the main issues that need to be evaluated before making decisions on regional or local creel limits.
5. As an additional element of the study, if IFG's can provide an explicit statement of what they are seeking to achieve by introducing creel limits, the contractor would work closely with the IFG to provide a detailed bespoke ex ante analysis which would evaluate the relative merits of alternative local creel limit regimes.
The analysis was to be disaggregated to the level of the six IFGs plus Shetland  . Given the 2 policy options and 7 geographical areas this implies 14 cost benefit analyses and 14 economic impact assessments.
It is very important to note that the analysis of option 1 and 2 relates to the impact of nation-wide restrictions on individual IFG areas. This might differ from the impact on an IFG of a restriction that applied exclusively to that particular IFG. This is primarily because, mobile operators might respond differently to a national restriction than to a local restriction. These differences are also explored.
The two policy initiatives being evaluated will probably result in some stakeholders being worse off and others better off. There are therefore sensitivities that need to be acknowledged, particularly with respect to the inshore mobile sector. Against that background, the authors have sought to deliver an independent report by applying agreed economic principles consistently and without knowingly favouring any particular interest group or outcome. The expectation is that broadly similar results would emerge if this study were undertaken by other independent economists.
In some instances adherence to complete neutrality can be difficult. For example, there may be situations where there are two or more sources of estimates of economic parameters, which, though different, are equally valid in terms of logic or provenance. In these circumstances the benefit of the doubt is given to those stakeholders who would be made worse off (i.e. that segment of the mobile sector fishing the inshore). Thus, other things being equal, this report utilises estimates which produce lower costs and higher benefits for the mobile sector, and vice versa for those stakeholders who might prosper from a 1 or 3 NM restriction. This bias towards the mobile sector only arises when there are no other criteria that can be used to rank alternatives.
Though independently produced, the evaluations in this report are not objective in the sense of being completely devoid of value judgements. On the contrary, any economic evaluation has some underlying value judgement(s). In practice, there are two types of economic evaluations and, though complementary, each starts from a different set of value judgements defining "what matters" and therefore what should be included and quantified.
Though not seeking objectivity, the authors have tried to ensure that the recognised value judgements of economics are clear and explicit. By doing do, we hope that all those engaged in debate are better able to understand the basis and implications of the results.
As it transpires, the value judgements used by economics are readily embraced by democratic mixed market economies, hence the commissioning of this kind of work and its influence on decision making. Sections 3, 4, and 5 explain the key concepts and how they are applied in this study.
As well as seeking to be independent, the authors have sought to be transparent. This is to enable their efforts to be scrutinised, criticised, checked and replicated. Since the primary purpose of this document is to better inform public debate on management of Scottish inshore fisheries, the authors very much welcome further input and comment from all interested parties.
In this context, neither the authors nor Marine Scotland regard this document as a finished entity. The uncertainty about the underlying biology and absence of some economic data and knowledge mean that the present results have the capacity to be improved. This improvement may come through; constructive criticism, better biological and economic data becoming available, or a better appreciation of how creelers, trawlers, dredgers, anglers and others might respond to policy initiatives.
Indeed, there are so many scientific and economic uncertainties that assumptions and informed judgements are unavoidable if progress is to be made. Since the results are sensitive to the assumptions, there needs to be a clear understanding of how varying the assumptions impact the results. Normally, this would be explored through a sensitivity analysis. The study goes beyond this by producing a model where users of the model can vary the assumptions themselves, produce their own sensitivity analysis and explore whether the balance of estimated costs and benefits is altered significantly by tweaking the model's assumptions.
Produce a clearly articulated and logically coherent framework of economic analysis relating to inshore fisheries policy options. This will promote greater equality in the opportunity to engage in debate about inshore policy options and help to ensure that the debate is not logically compromised through culpable or innocent misuse of economic concepts and data.
Produce an evaluation of the economic consequences of policy options which is based on knowledge currently available.
Produce a model which will enable the economic evaluation to be updated as knowledge advances and other stakeholders to produce their own estimates.
The estimates produced are a combination of a snapshot of the economics of Scottish inshore fisheries as currently exists and speculation about the economic conditions that might prevail were the 1 or 3 NM limits eventually to result in the revitalisation of the ecosystem and recovery of demersal fish stocks.
This study itself does not consider whether the policies being implemented would result in successful ecosystem restoration. Most of the debate among stakeholders will thus probably focus on these practical and biological issues, rather than the economics.
There is a regular flow of vessels entering and leaving a fishery and there can be significant fluctuations in fishery characteristics between different years. In this report, landings estimates relate to average gross vessel earnings in the period 2007-2011 and care needs to be exercised when reconciling estimates produced here with current ground level observations. Because of such variations, inferences should only be drawn from the orders of magnitude rather than the fine detail.
Finally, we would emphasise that this is largely desk study which has assembled existing knowledge to produce estimates of the economic indicators associated with ecosystem recovery, but only in terms of broad orders of magnitude. Depending on the results, what really matters is the relative magnitudes of key indicators, rather than the precision of the estimates themselves. It is the relative magnitudes which are likely to influence policy formation. Moreover, the relative magnitudes should provide some insight as to whether further economic research targeted at refining estimates would alter the implications of the results.
Sections 1 and 2 outline some of the key features of Scotland's inshore fisheries and explain how they are managed and monitored. This background is necessary to enable an understanding of the evidence and data available and the constraints which shaped the generation of new data.
Sections 3, 4, and 5 explore relevant economic analysis and together they build a coherent framework of economic analysis which is used to evaluate the inshore fisheries management policy options.
Section 6 explains how this study generated and manipulated fisheries data to build a comprehensive benchmark description of fish where fish are caught within each IFG area, as distinct from landings in the IFG ports.
Section 7 addresses the issue of economic dependency on inshore fishing and considers how economic dependency is defined and how it can be measured. The dependency of fishing communities across Scotland is then assessed.
Sections 8 through to 15 present the baseline descriptions for Scotland's inshore fisheries and for each of the IFG areas and Shetland. Each benchmark embraces; species type, where the catch was made (0-1, 1-3, 3-6, or 6-12 NM) the gear, the vessel size, the catch volume and value. The 3-6 and 6-12 NM zones were included in the baseline to enable an assessment of the potential displacement effects arising from the imposition of restrictions in the 0-1 and 0-3 NM zones.
Section 16 addresses the issue of gear conflict and presents the result of a survey of fishery operators' experience of gear conflict. Estimates of the financial implications are inputs into the model used to evaluate policy options.
Sections 17, 18, and 19 broaden the analysis to embrace recreational interests who directly use or interact with Scotland's inshore marine environment and who potentially could be impacted by the policy options. These recreational interests might include sea angling, sub aqua, ornithology, marine wildlife charters, sea kayaking, yachting and informal visits to Scottish coastal areas.
Section 20 addresses the issue of the general public's non-user value. This arises when members of the general public, despite having no direct or indirect interaction with the marine environment, are not indifferent to its quality. Their well-being, as they themselves define it, would be increased with improvements in the marine environment.
Section 21 explains the Excel model used to produce both an economic impact analysis and a cost benefit analysis for Scotland, for each IFG and for Shetland.
Sections 22, 23 and 24 presents the results and discuss their implications.
Section 25 presents the discussion on creel limits.


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Cereal processing by-products contain several nutritional compounds such as proteins, arabinoxylans and β-glucan that could be recovered and used in several applications. For instance, the proteins of rice, corn, barley and wheat processing by-products have the appropriate functional properties to be used in food systems as it has been proposed by many researchers over the last decades. Nevertheless, their extraction is difficult since most of them are enclosed in aleurone cells and enveloped by polysaccharide clusters.
Alkaline extraction coupled with isoelectric precipitation are the classic extraction method, but there are concerns about their detrimental effects on proteins' nutritive value and functionality. Other biotechnological and physical strategies have been assayed to improve the extractability of proteins, but these methods are not used yet, probably because they conflict with technical, economic, environmental and legislative considerations, e.g. low yields and co-generation of other by-products, difficulties of introducing new additives into the food or feed markets etc.
Membrane technologies offer great potential for the recovery of valuable compounds from cereal processing by-products due to their intrinsic properties and key advantages over conventional methodologies. In particular, process flow-sheets based on a combination of membrane systems in a sequential design have been proposed in order to valorize oat, wheat, rice and corn by-products.
The specific feature of these hybrid processes is the synergy resulting from this integration, with overall important benefits in product quality, plant compactness, environmental impact and energetic aspects.
During the process of malting and brewing, the by-products left after separation of the wort are rich in protein, fibers, arabinoxylans β-glucan and polyphenols. For instance, BSG is the major by-product of the brewing industry, representing ~85% of the total by-products generated.
In Europe, the annual production of BSG on dry matter basis was around 3.5 Mt in 2007. BSG is rich in cellulose (17%), non-cellulosic polysaccharides (28%) and lignin (28%), but it also contains considerable amounts of polyphenols. Currently, BSG is sold as cattle feed, but it could be upgraded into valuable products for the food market due to its food grade nature.
Arabinoxylans are one of the most abundant non-starch polysaccharides of cereal grains cell walls. Depending on cereal by-products main tissues, arabinoxylans can present different structural complexity and properties (e.g. viscous and water retention coupled with high nutritional impact and health promoting effects).
Hydrothermal, chemical and enzymatic treatments allow the recovery of different arabinoxylans, arabino-oligosaccharides and sugar monomers. Arabinoxylans can be applied as functional ingredients or soluble sources of fibre in bakery products, as well as fat replacers in dairy and meat products, whereas arabino-oligosaccharides have prebiotic properties (e.g. bifidogenic enhancement). In any case, the challenge is to match the arabinoxylans structural features with the required properties of the final products.
Primary and secondary processing of cereals results in a wide range of waste material entrapping resources that comprise an excellent substrate for the production of vanillin and industrial enzymes such as amylases, proteases, cellulases and xylanase. Besides, they could be converted into useful products and utilized in enriched foods (e.g. cookies, snacks, seasonings and flavors), prebiotics, probiotics and health care products.
The most popular application of cereal bran is their addition in baked products, e.g. to increase their fibre content. However, fortification of baked products with cereal processing by-products can affect negatively their sensory characteristics and quality of bread by providing bitterness, reducing bread's volume and causing textural changes (porosity, elasticity). The bitter or astringent taste of wholegrain, bran and germ is due to the contained phenolic compounds (pinoresinol and syringic acid).
In order to improve the quality of end-products and retard rancidity, different pre-treatments (e.g. milling, pre-soaking, hydrothermal treatments, extraction, extrusion, fermentation, enzymatic or chemical treatment) of cereal by-products have been successfully tested before usage.
Sustainable Recovery and Reutilization of Cereal Processing By-Products addresses topics associated with the sustainable management of cereal manufacturing. Emphasis is placed on current, advisable practices, general valorization techniques of cereal processing by-products, and the functional properties of healthy cereal by-product components that lead to target applications in foods and nutraceuticals. General valorization techniques of cereal processing by-products include focus on wheat bran, distillers' dried grains -based within the biorefinery concept, and different techniques for the separation, extraction, recovery and formulation of valuable compounds, including proteins, arabinoxylans, and beta-glucan.
Over the last years, Food Waste Recovery Group has organized a series of workshops (e.g. the 2nd one comes on 2nd of July in Stuttgart), teaching activities (webinars, e-course etc) and books targeting food waste recovery processing and industrial techniques, describing tools for the implementation of innovations in the food industry, exploring the effect of emerging and non-thermal technologies on nutraceuticals and functional foods development, as well as highlighting the sustainable solutions for the management of specific food processing by-products from the olive, grape and coffee industry.
Charis M. Galanakis is an interdisciplinary scientist with a fast-expanding work that balances between food and environment, industry, and academia. His research targets mainly the separation and recovery of functional macro- and micromolecules from different food by-products, as well as their implementation as additives in food and other products. He is the coordinator of Food Waste Recovery Group of ISEKI Food Association (Vienna, Austria) and R&I director of Galanakis Laboratories (Chania, Greece).
He serves as an editorial board member and subject editor of Food and Bioproducts Processing and Food Research International, and he has edited 9 books with Elsevier.Follow Dr. Galanakis via Twitter – @CharisGalanakis, LinkedIn or ResearchGate.


text:
Q: Twilio how to add a PAUSE within a SAY Loop I am trying to repeat a SAY message to be played in loop for the entire call duration.
Currently it works. How can I get the message to be played, with a PAUSE of 2 seconds.
This is a sample code:
<Response>
<Gather>
    <Say voice="woman" loop="0">This is my SAY message, which is repeating. How to repeat this with a pause of 2 seconds.</Say>
    <Pause length="5"></Pause>
</Gather>
</Response>

The twilio documentation mention to use it outside a SAY.
https://www.twilio.com/docs/api/twiml/say
"If you want to insert a long pause, try using the <Pause> verb. <Pause> should be placed outside <Say> tags, not nested inside them."
But with the current implementation, this pause will be never reached.
Can someone guide me on this.
Edit: Trying to use redirect to repeat a message but call gets dropped within 2 seconds once answered. Adding pause is not casuing this, the redirect is, Can someone guide me if there is anything wrong in this?
public TwiMLResponse myMethod(){
    TwiMLResponse twimlResponse = new TwiMLResponse();
    Gather gather = new Gather();
    gather.setFinishOnKey("any digit");
    gather.setNumDigits(1);
    gather.setAction("myendpoint");
    Say say = new Say("This message needs to repeat with a pause");
    //Pause pause = new Pause();
    //pause.setLength(2);
    Redirect redirect = new Redirect("myendpoint");

   try {
        gather.append(say);
        //gather.append(pause);
        gather.append(redirect);
        twimlResponse.append(gather);
    } catch (TwiMLException e) {
        LOGGER.warn("exception " + e);
    }
return twimlResponse;
}

A: Twilio developer evangelist here.
You can actually use the <Redirect> verb in Twilio to loop a <Say> and a <Pause>. You could use it like this:
/gather.xml
<Response>
  <Gather>
    <Say voice="woman">This is my SAY message, which is repeating. How to repeat this with a pause of 2 seconds.</Say>
    <Pause length="2"></Pause>
  </Gather>
  <Redirect>/gather.xml</Redirect>
</Response>

Let me know if this helps.

A: From the documentation for <say>

Punctuation, such as commas and periods will be interpreted as natural pauses by the speech engine.

So you can alter your say like this:
<Say voice="woman" loop="0">This is my SAY message, which is repeating. How to repeat this with a pause of 2 seconds, , ,</Say>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Buying a new home—especially for a new homebuyer—can be an arduous process. Thankfully, with a few solid tips on hard negotiating, you can turn a grueling search into an exciting adventure. Ultimately, if you're prepared when it comes time to talk numbers, you'll have the advantage.
While online real estate profiles on Zillow and Realtor.com can be powerful tools for narrowing your search, always keep in mind the power of a referral. If your friends and family enjoyed a particular Realtor's service, chances are, you might too.
Read: How Do I Decide On The Right Real Estate Agent?
That being said, never choose your agent as a favor to a friend or family member. Remember, you are searching for your home! You need the best advice, expertise, and negotiation skills that commission can buy.
If your builder won't budge on price, ask if he or she will pay for closing costs. According to Investopedia, the average closing cost in Pennsylvania is .86 to 1.51%. While that may not seem like much, on a $250,000 house, that could equal anywhere between $2,150 to $3,775. If the builder still won't budge, consider asking about upgrades or appliances.
Model homes showcase a mix of standard and custom features. Make sure you understand which finishes come stock and which increase the price. This is where your agent can shine. When you're touring a home, have your Realtor inquire about the quality of the materials used and which come standard. He or she may have a thorough understanding of new construction.
Ask your agent to help you prioritize what finishes and amenities are most important to you and(even if you plan on staying awhile) which features are most valuable during resale.
Although your Realtor can be helpful, every homebuyer should be doing his own research. Talk to friends, family, and current homeowners who have purchased a new home, especially if they purchased it from the builder with whom you're currently negotiating.
Take to the internet after you've exhausted your personal network and see what advice and reviews others have given. Evaluate any criticism, bring it to you agent's attention, and address any concerns with the builder.
New construction is beautiful—like your builder just took the plastic wrap off your shiny new house. However, new construction can have problems like any other property. Hire an independent inspector to ensure safety, code regulations, and detect any defects.
People can say all kind of things to sweeten the deal, but until it's in writing, it means nothing. If you can, ask for a standard agreement form so you'll have a starting point for your negotiations. On the flipside, do not sign a thing until you understand the terms of the contract. Moreover, when you're buying a home that's not yet finished, ensure you confirm a completion date.
Most builders will safeguard themselves with provisions on pending permit approvals and zoning stipulations, but it's best to have a clear timeframe laid out on paper. Otherwise, you may wind up without a roof over your head.
Additionally, builders can insert stipulations in their contracts for charges and fees to accrue if you're unable to close on time due to delays in financing. For this reason, it's advantageous to follow through with our final tip.
If you're actively looking to buy a home, get pre-approved at the start. Taking the initiative this early may seem unnecessary, but when you're negotiating price and there are other offers on the table, this can be a huge advantage. In a way, it takes exact numbers out of the conversation for a moment. On the builder's end, it becomes simply a question of, is one in the hand worth two in the bush?
If you've started house hunting, be sure to find a mortgage company who has options that can fit your individual needs. At Movement Mortgage, we've received approval for homebuyers in as little as 30 days. With financing already locked down, you can negotiate like an expert.


I have an experience in teaching chemistry for all age groups.
I believed that different persons have different way to get knowledge so I'm always try to be flexible in teaching techniques.
I have been given lesson in my country for almost one year.
and the normal class was included at least 15 students.
and all my students had actually great degree depend on their effort.
and I will do my best always.