Listen now to this short conversation between Elsa and Jim, two members of a team that has started using the agilehier: das agile Projektmanagement betreffendagile approach to project management. As you listen, try to answer the following three questions. You might want to make a note of these questions before continuing.
Who is the more positive about the agile approach — Elsa or Jim?
Which aspect of agile project management do both Elsa and Jim really like?
Which aspect of agile project management causes the most disagreement between Elsa and Jim? OK? Here's the conversation.
Jim: So what do you think about this agile stuff then?
Elsa: It's kind of (ifml.)ziemlichkind of interesting. It's certainly a very dynamic approach.
Jim: You can say that again!Das kann man wohl sagen!You can say that again! It's fun, too. But it can feel a bit chaotic.
Elsa: Hmm. Perhaps, but I really like the very short meetings and the visualization of our progress on that Kanban boardKanban-TafelKanban board on the wall.
Jim: The short meetings are a real bonus, I must say. And I quite like the visualization, too, although I find it to be a bit of a hassleetwas lästig seina bit of a hassle to keep checking the board to see where we are. I prefer written reports.
Elsa: Also, I think the way we are encouraged to have new ideas and to disagree with each other — and with our team leader — helps our decision-making.
Jim: That may be true. I just find the approach a bit short-term.
Elsa: What do you mean?
Jim: We concentrate on these two-week blocks of work and maybe we lose the the bigger picturegrößerer Zusammenhangbigger picture sometimes.
Elsa: Oh, I don't think that's right. We've got our overall goals stated very clearly to keep us on trackauf Kurs; hier: im Planon track.
Jim: Well, it just seems like that to me. That's all I'm saying.
Elsa: But generally, you like the approach, don't you?
Jim: Yes, I do. I think our short, sharp meetings are great. It's just the overallGesamt-overall control of the project that worries me.
OK, let's go through the three questions and see if you agree with my answers. The first question was, who is the more positive about the agile approach — Elsa or Jim? In my opinion, both of them accepted the approach but Elsa seems more positive than Jim, who has a couple of criticisms. The next question was, which aspect of agile project management do both Elsa and Jim really like? And the answer is that they both agreed that they really like the short, sharphier: klar strukturiertsharp meetings. OK, and the third question was, which aspect of agile project management causes the most disagreement between Elsa and Jim? I think the main disagreement was over Jim's worry that the agile approach is too concerned with short-term results and that there is a danger of losing the bigger picture. Elsa didn't agree with this. So, did you agree with my answers? You might like to go back and listen to the dialogue again. Agile project management is an interesting approach to teamwork. If you want to learn more about the approach, read Bob Dignen's article in the latest issue of Business Spotlight. You might find agile project management and agile communication useful in your workplace.
Dieser Titel stammt aus dem Audio-Trainer Business Spotlight Audio 2/2018. Sie können die ganze Ausgabe als CD oder Download in unserem Shop kaufen. Den Audiotrainer gibt es natürlich auch bequem und günstig im Abo.


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Hapigiodes viettei är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Paul Thiaucourt 1979. Hapigiodes viettei ingår i släktet Hapigiodes och familjen tandspinnare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Tandspinnare
viettei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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DAAC Home > Get Data > NASA Projects > Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) > User guide
ABoVE: Surface Water Extent, Boreal and Tundra Regions, North America, 1991-2011
Data Set Version: 1.1
This data set provides the location and extent of surface water (open water not including vegetated wetlands) for the entire Boreal and Tundra regions of North America for three epochs, centered on 1991, 2001, and 2011. Each of the products were generated with at least three years of ice-free Landsat imagery. The data are at 30-m resolution and were derived from time series of Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) covering all of Alaska and all provinces of Canada. The overall goal was to generate a map of the nominal extent of water for a given epoch, where nominal is neither the maximum nor the minimum but rather a representative extent for that time period.
To aid the use of the product a quality assurance (QA) layer was generated for each data file (map). These data provide additional information regarding the source of values in the water extent maps and the confidence in the extent value determined by the number of water image observations in the probability of water.
There are 78 data files in GeoTIFF (.tif) format with this data set. This includes 39 surface water body data files and 39 QA files, one for each of the data files.
Figure 1. Lake Claire (Canada) as a difference map from 1991 to 2011. Water for 1991-2011 is shown in blue, green 2011, brown 2001, and red is water in 1991.
Carroll, M.L., M.R. Wooten, C. Dimiceli, R.A. Sohlberg, and J.R.G. Townshend. 2016. ABoVE: Surface Water Extent, Boreal and Tundra Regions, North America, 1991-2011. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1324
Data Set Overview
Data Set Revisions
Project: ABoVE
The three epochs are centered and the temporal range of the data set for each epoch is as follows:
1991: 1990-01-01 to 1992-12-31; 2001: 2000-01-01 to 2002-12-31; 2011: 2010-01-01 to 2012-12-31
Note: This data set will be expanded for south and east of the Hudson Bay in the future.
The Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) is a NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program field campaign taking place in Alaska and western Canada between 2016 and 2021. Climate change in the Arctic and Boreal region is unfolding faster than anywhere else on Earth, resulting in reduced Arctic sea ice, thawing of permafrost soils, decomposition of long-frozen organic matter, widespread changes to lakes, rivers, coastlines, and alterations of ecosystem structure and function. ABoVE seeks a better understanding of the vulnerability and resilience of ecosystems and society to this changing environment.
Related Publication:
Carroll, M., Wooten, M., DiMiceli, C., Sohlberg, R. and Kelly, M., 2016. Quantifying surface water dynamics at 30 meter spatial resolution in the North American high northern latitudes 1991–2011. Remote Sensing, 8(8), p.622. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080622
Boreal and Tundra regions of North America -- covering all of Alaska and all provinces of Canada
ABoVE Site Designation:
Domain: Core and extended ABoVE regions
State/territory: All provinces of Canada and the State of Alaska
Grid cells: Ah00v00, Ah00v01, Ah01v00, Ah01v01, Ah01v02, Ah02v00, Ah02v01, Ah02v02, Ah02v03, Ah03v00, Ah03v01, Ah03v02, and Ah03v03
Spatial Resolution: 30 meter
Temporal Coverage: Decadal time steps (1991, 2001, and 2011 epochs)
Temporal Resolution: Annual -- representative extent for the epoch
Study Area: (all latitudes and longitudes given in decimal degrees)
Site (Region)
ABoVE study regions, including Canada and Alaska
There are 78 data files in GeoTIFF (.tif) format with this data set. Since the data are in GeoTIFF format intended for display as maps, they may also be referred to as maps. This includes 39 files of surface water data and 39 "QA" files, one for each of the surface water files. The QA files provide additional information regarding the source of values in the data files or the confidence in the water value determined by the number of water observations in the probability of water. The overall goal was to generate a map of the nominal extent of water for a given epoch, where nominal is neither the maximum nor the minimum but rather a representative extent for that time period.
The files are named by year and grid tiles generated for this study (Figure 2) based on the Canada Albers Equal Area projection with equal sized "tiles" modeled after the MODIS labeling convention with horizontal and vertical offsets, thus there are two files per area and per year (non-QA and QA files). This grid is in coordination with the ABoVE project study areas. The study area covered 13 grid cells.
Figure 2. Proposed ABoVE reference grid for use with large area products. Based conceptually on the MODIS tiling scheme but utilizing Canada Albers Equal Area projection (Carroll et al., 2016).
Example file names:
ABoVE_Water_h00v00_1991.tif and ABoVE_Water_h00v00_1991_QA.tif (h00v00 refers to the top left corner grid cell in Figure 2)
ABoVE_Water_h02v00_2001.tif and ABoVE_Water_h02v00_2001_QA.tif (h02v00 refers to the first row of cells, third cell from the left in Figure 2)
GeoTIFF Spatial Data Properties, all files
Spatial Representation Type: Raster
Data Type: byte
Number of Bands:1
Number Columns: 3600
Column Resolution: 30 meter
Number Rows: 3600
Row Resolution: 30 meter
Fill value: -3.4E+38
DATUM: North American Datum 1983
Grid cell extents in the projected coordinate system and in decimal degrees:
Grid cells
Min_x
Min_y
Max_x
Max_y
Decimal degrees-West
Decimal degrees-East
Decimal degrees-North
Decimal degrees-South
h00v00
Cell value attributes for map files:
0 - Land
1 - Water
2 - Probable water in Alaska 1991 tiles
255 - No data or outside ABoVE study domain, fill applied
Cell value attributes for QA files:
1 - High Confidence Water (probability >= 50% and n >5)
2 - Lower Confidence Water (probability >= 50% and 2<n<5)
3 - Ocean mask applied
4 - Fill based on 2001 and 2011
The Arctic and Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) will conduct multi-disciplinary studies to explore and quantify the linkages between all of the individual components of the ecosystem. One common thread identified in the final report for the scoping study for ABoVE was the need for maps of the location, extent and dynamics of surface water to connect the different disciplines. These maps will allow consistent evaluation of the extent of surface water through time in ways that were not previously possible (Carroll et al., 2016).
In addition to the QA data products provided with this data set as described in Section 5, several comparisons with existing land cover classification products were undertaken.
The ABoVE Water Map (AWM) data products were compared to the data in two global maps that include water as a class and are generated from Landsat data at 30-m spatial resolution, namely Globe Land 30 (GL30) (Zheng 2014) and the GLCF Inland Surface Water (GIW) (Feng et al. 2015). These maps were generated with Landsat data primarily from the Geocover or Global Land Survey (GLS) data collections and were essentially calculated with a single Landsat observation representing a single point in time, ~2001 for GIW and ~2010 for GL30. A per pixel analysis was performed with the AWM data to the water class from the GL30 land cover map and the GIW map. The GL30 and GIW products were mosaicked into the ABoVE projection and tile grid to facilitate comparison (Carroll et al., 2016).
The results for the comparison of data in the AWM products to GL30 and the AWM to GIW indicated large differences between the products and that this difference varies from tile to tile. Overall the majority of the differences come in the extent of water bodies where the GL30 over-estimates the size of the water bodies because it only uses a single input observation. This effect is pronounced on rivers where normal fluvial processes cause the river channel to meander. There are specific instances where entire water bodies are present in the AWM and not in GL30 and vice versa but these are limited in number (Carroll et al., 2016).
Figure 3. Image from central Canada shows differences between AWM and GL30 water coverage. Red shows areas where GL30 shows water and AWM does not, while black shows areas where AWM shows water and GL30 does not. Note this primarily occurs on the margins of water bodies but some instances of complete water bodies do occur, i.e. the large lake in the center of the image (Carroll et al., 2016).
Method verification with 1.84-m WorldView 2 data shows 95% accuracy in water bodies that are shown in the AWM and a 36% omission rate, primarily among lakes smaller than 1 Landsat pixel. The AWM shows 25% more water bodies than the Global Land Cover 30 (30 m Landsat based land cover product) from the same time period.
There are still some burn scars that trigger false positive water detection in all products but this effect is minimized in the AWM. Currently these issues are being addressed and may be improved in a future release of AWM (Carroll et al., 2016).
The continental surface of the Arctic and Boreal regions of the world is critical to understanding components of the ecosystem as well as the Arctic system as a whole. These landscapes are dominated by a heterogeneous land surface dotted with lakes, ponds and wetlands (Carroll et al., 2011; Downing et al., 2006; Smith et al., 2005). The primary region of study for this project is the ABoVE study region shown in Figure 4 but data cover all of Alaska and Canada.
Figure 4. ABoVE study area in northern North America overlain with a subset of the Global 250m Water Map (Carroll et al., 2016).
Landsat Data
This data set provides the location and extent of surface water (open water not including vegetated wetlands) for the entire Boreal and Tundra regions of North America for three epochs (1991, 2001, and 2011) in GeoTIFF format for display as maps. The data are at 30-m resolution and were derived from a time series of Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+). The data were acquired from the US Geological Survey Eros Data Center through the ESPA ordering interface (https://espa.cr.usgs.gov/).
The data from 2000 to present for Landsat 5 and 7 are of good quality and relatively high repeat coverage with a minimum of 30 individual dates per scene for most scenes. The data for the 1990-1992 epoch are primarily from Landsat 5, supplemented with Landsat 4 in Alaska where data density is thinner. Data acquisition strategies in the early 1990's resulted in a limited archive of data over Alaska at this time (Goward et al. 2006).
All Landsat scenes were acquired and processed regardless of cloud coverage. This decision was based on experience with MODIS data where even a scene that is 80% - 90% cloudy can have clear observations of certain areas. Using all of the available observations can increase the total density of the observations in any given area to get a consensus result. This method is enhanced in the Arctic due to the high degree of overlap between adjacent Landsat path/rows. By processing all of the available overlapping scenes it becomes possible to increase the total number of observations, which minimized the impacts of clouds and weather related phenomena such as drought and flood (Carroll et al., 2016).
Classification per scene
All Landsat scenes were processed through a decision tree image classification scheme to generate an output with six classes: Water, Vegetated Land, Bare Ground, Snow/Ice, Cloud, Cloud Shadow. Quality assurance flags in the surface reflectance files provide an indication of cloudy and cloud shadow pixels and were used in the classification process. This process was modeled after the approach taken to generate the Global 250m Water Map with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) data (Carroll et al., 2009) and a host of other land cover mapping efforts. The algorithm was designed to be conservative in the labeling of water in order to minimize the errors of commission (i.e. labeling land as water). The overall goal was to generate a map of the nominal extent of water for a given epoch, where nominal is neither the maximum nor the minimum but rather a representative extent for that time period (Carroll et al., 2016).
Sum of observations per scene (path/row)
The classification results have six classes, as described above. Thematic layers were extracted (i.e. one of the classes, water or land for example) and summary results were created for a particular path/row using all of the available dates within an epoch. The result was a value from 0 to "n" where "n" is the total number of dates that were available for that path/row for that particular theme. This process was repeated for each theme as necessary to produce the desired result.
In order to generate a unified product for the entire study region, the individual path/row results needed to be combined into a common projection and grid. In coordination with the ABoVE project office and other pre-ABoVE projects, it was decided to generate a grid based on the Canada Albers Equal Area projection with equal sized "tiles" modeled after the MODIS labeling convention with horizontal and vertical offsets (Figure 2). To take advantage of the significant overlap between path/rows it was necessary to mosaic with intermediate steps to map the individual scenes into a series of tiles with non-overlapping scenes and then sum the resulting tiles. In this way all information was retained from all Landsat observations which maximized the chance for clear observations and raises confidence level in the final product (Carroll et al., 2016).
Generation of final maps (data available in GeoTIFF format for display as maps)
The thematic data layers in large area tiles represent sum of water, sum of land, etc. The desired final map is a binary representation of "water" and "not water". The thematic layers were used to generate a probability of water as:
Pw=(W/(W+L))
where Pw is probability of water; W is sum of water observations; and L is sum of land observations. The final map was generated by labeling anything with 50% or greater probability of water as water and labeling anything else as land or no data. Anything else is labeled as land or no data.
Figure 5. AWM for 2001 and 2011 for Hay Lake and Beaver Hill Lake in Canada. Hay Lake has clearly expanded over this time frame while Beaver Hill Lake has diminished (Carroll et al., 2016).
Generation of QA data
To aid the use of the product a quality assurance (QA) layer was generated for each data file (map). These data provide additional information regarding the source of values in the water extent maps or the confidence in the water value determined by the number of water observations in the probability of water.
Ocean mask
An ocean mask was created by combining the data in the MODIS Collection 6 water map (Carroll et al. 2009) and a consensus coastline generated by combining the data in the three ABoVE water maps (1991, 2001, and 2011). The goal was to create a mask to fill in the permanent ocean waters where the map would otherwise have been intermittent due to unavailable Landsat scenes, moving sea ice, or other so that the final map was more aesthetically pleasing. Below are the general steps used to make the mask:
All three years of data in the ABoVE Water Maps (AWM) were mapped to single output allowing maximum extent of coastline
MODIS water map data were converted to ABoVE tile map outputs
Ocean class was identified from MODIS water map data
Areas were selected from AWM data that intersected MODIS water map oceans
The land in the AWM data was buffered by 10 Landsat pixels (300-m) to allow for shifting coastlines (Carroll et al., 2016)
The resulting data were applied to each of the ABoVE water maps to yield a more aesthetic result. The areas that have been mapped with the ocean mask are indicated in the QA layer so a user can understand how and where that was applied. The coastlines within 300 m of the consensus coastline were buffered and not masked to allow the user to see differences in the coastline through time (Carroll et al., 2016).
Terrain shadow mask
Terrain shadow was found to be the primary source of false identification of water in the final water maps. A mask was generated using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from the Global Land Survey project where slope was greater than or equal to five degrees and the elevation was over 450 m. The elevation threshold was used to minimize the impact of the slope threshold on rivers in lowlands. This mask was applied to all tiles to address the problem of terrain shadows and follows previous work addressing similar problems of terrain shadow being confused with water (Klein et al. 2015).
Alaska 1991 epoch
In most areas there were at least twenty observations for any given pixel. However for Alaska in the 1991 epoch there are fewer than seven observations for most of the state, and in some cases there were only one or two observations. This is caused by the lack of a receiving station that could collect the data at the time of overpass and is well documented (Goward et al. 2006). The map that was generated for the 1991 epoch for Alaska is significantly impacted by the lack of input data. Consequently, a procedure was developed to fill in the holes in order to make a complete map for this epoch:
A mask was generated of location of water in both 2001 epoch and 2011 epoch.
Any water observation from 1991 was selected that was under the mask disregarding probability of water and minimum number of water observations rules.
In the water mask, the new values were set as water, and QA was set to "2" to indicate that the values are low confidence and should be used with significant caution.
Where 2001 and 2011 still show water and there are no observations from 1991, the water map value was set to "2" to indicate probable water and the QA code was set to "4" to indicate "fill based on 2001 and 2011".
This procedure improved the appearance of the map but the quality of the data is still significantly lower than it is for other epochs and elsewhere in the 1991 epoch. The affected tiles are h00v00, h00v01, and h01v00 with the most affected areas located in the far west and south west in Alaska. Under no circumstances should the water map with QA value "4" be used to indicate change; these values are included simply for aesthetic purposes. Water values with a QA value of "2" should be used with caution when performing change analysis and should be indicated in the results as "possible" change (Carroll et al., 2016).
Carroll, M.L., Townshend, J.R., DiMiceli, C.M., Noojipady, P., and Sohlberg, R.A. (2009). A new global raster water mask at 250 m resolution. International Journal of Digital Earth, 2, 291-308
Carroll, M.L., Townshend, J.R.G., DiMiceli, C.M., Loboda, T., and Sohlberg, R.A. (2011). Shrinking lakes of the Arctic: Spatial relationships and trajectory of change. Geophysical Research Letters, 38.
Downing, J.A., Prairie, Y.T., Cole, J.J., Duarte, C.M., Tranvik, L.J., Striegl, R.G., McDowell, W.H., Kortelainen, P., Caraco, N.F., Melack, J.M., and Middelburg, J.J. (2006). The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments. Limnology and Oceanography, 51, 2388-2397.
Feng, M., Sexton, J.O., Channan, S., and Townshend, J.R. (2015). A global, high-resolution (30-m) inland water body dataset for 2000: first results of a topographic–spectral classification algorithm. International Journal of Digital Earth, 1-21.
Goward, S., Arvidson, T., Williams, D., Faundeen, J., Irons, J., and Franks, S. (2006). Historical Record of Landsat Global Coverage. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 72, 1155-1169.
Klein, I., Dietz, A., Gessner, U., Dech, S., and Kuenzer, C. (2015). Results of the Global WaterPack: a novel product to assess inland water body dynamics on a daily basis. Remote Sensing Letters, 6, 78-87.
Smith, L.C., Sheng, Y., MacDonald, G.M., and Hinzman, L.D. (2005). Disappearing Arctic lakes. Science, 308, 1429.
Zheng, X. (2014). GlobeLand 30. In N.G.C.o. China (Ed.). Beijing, China.
Revision 1, Released 08/02/2018: In the initial release of this dataset the spatial reference information was incorrect (WGS_1984) for the GeoTIFF files. With this new release, the GeoTIFF files have been updated with the correct spatial reference information -- North American Datum 1983. No data values have been changed. Users should download the revised data files as all earlier files have been superseded. It is recommended that users should regenerate any products derived from the initial release data that underwent any subsequent geographic transformations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


According to Entergy's website, "late Monday morning Entergy crews have restored power to 82 percent of Louisiana customers who lost electricity when Hurricane Isaac made landfall Aug. 29.
Since 6 p.m. Sunday, Entergy crews were able restore power to an additional 25,000 customers. As of 11 a.m. Monday, Entergy's storm team has now restored power to approximately 580,000 of the 704,000 Louisiana customers who lost power when Isaac made its slow trek across Louisiana. Roughly 125,000 Louisiana customers remained without power late Monday morning."


In the framework of CENTRICO (Central European Region Transport Telematics Implementation Co-ordination), a number of Europe's central regions have been organized since 1996 in order to coordinate the introduction of telematic transport systems on the TERN (Trans-European Road Network) across borders; to promote harmonization of the various systems; and to make possible a system of traffic management across borders. CENTRICO is an implementation project and will be financially sponsored by the Commission of the European Union (DG TREN) under the Ten T Line. CENTRICO encompasses the regions: Belgium, North France, the Netherlands, Southeast England, Luxembourg and the federal states Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Hessen, Saarland, with Germany's Federal Ministry for Traffic, Building, and Urban Affairs. Beginning in January 2000, AS&P assumed responsibility for advising of the German partner of CENTRICO. Furthermore AS&P was responsible for the international coordination in the framework of the German overall project management of CENTRICO between January 2003 and August 2007. Tasks include, among others, coordination of the partners regarding the submission of project applications; project execution and supervision; the further conceptual development of the project as a whole; preparation and follow-up of workshops and meetings; content-related and technical support of the partners as well as reporting.


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Home Sports Celebrity Who is Lionel Messi ? Who is Lionel Messi Dating...
Who is Lionel Messi ? Who is Lionel Messi Dating ? Net Worth ?
Who is Lionel Messi ?
# Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini is popularly known as Lionel Messi.
# He was born on 24 June 1987.
# He was born and raised in central Argentina.
# His zodiac sign is Cancer.
# Messi was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency as a child.
# At age 13, he relocated to Spain to join Barcelona, who agreed to pay for his medical treatment.
# He is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team.
# After a fast progression through Barcelona's youth academy, Messi made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004.
# Despite being injury-prone during his early career, he established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years, finishing 2007 as a finalist for both the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award, a feat he repeated the following year.
# His first uninterrupted campaign came in the 2008–09 season, during which he helped Barcelona achieve the first treble in Spanish football.
# At 22 years old, Messi won the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award by record voting margins.
# He is often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as the greatest of all time, Messi has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, four of which he won consecutively, and a record-tying four European Golden Shoes.
# He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won 30 trophies, including eight La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and five Copas del Rey.
# Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (374), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (25), as well as those for most assists made in La Liga (149) and the Copa América (11).
# He has scored over 600 senior career goals for club and country.
Who is Lionel Messi Dating ?
Antonella Roccuzzo and Lionel Messi have been married for 6 months since 30th Jun 2017.
Lionel Messi is rumoured to have relationship with Luciana Salazar (2008) and Macarena Lemos (2006 – 2008).
What is Lionel Messi Net Worth ?
Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team.
He has an estimated net worth of $340.
Birth Name: Lionel Andrés Messi
Birthday: 24th June, 1987
Birthplace: Rosario, Argentina
Height: 5′ 7″ (170 cm)
Build: Athletic
Eye Color: Brown – Dark
Hair Color: Brown – Dark
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Argentinean
Occupation: Football
Father: Jorge (steelworker)
Mother: Ceclia
SEE ALSO: Neymar Bio, Wiki Facts, Height, Weight, Body Statistics, Net Worth and Girlfriends
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I am watching the Sun set on the Hollywood Hills and the smell of charcoal is wafting in….
I had this bar of soap I got at the Ritz Hotel in Madrid….many years ago…and I thought what the F ..am I saving this bloody thing for…..so I opened it…and SHOCK….
the scent of my grandmother's wonderfully warm bathroom ….(a place of calm for me when I was a child)… lavender tiled bathroom (in St Paul Minnesota)… …purple everything…..towels…and the tub was one of those old deep tubs…no shower…..well the memory like a lightening bolt FLASHED back…I was there…..and it was soo wonderful!!!!!
I went on line…and found out that PUIG is still very much in business…is an old Spanish company…and was able to order it from even Amazon…(don't know why I say "even" as Amazon seems to reach everywhere)….the soap I ordered is not exactly the same though … but close enough to make me feel warmly reflective….
ahh my grandparents….can see her urine stained old corsets drying on the radiator near the back room ( the room my sister called the "rat room" as she was moved there after I was born… from the sunny room where my bassinet was placed when I all smiley came back from the hospital in mom's arms)…..
can smell the coffe percolating up…and the freshly squeezed orange juice…..and going to the kitchen down the back stairs which were narrow…and built originally for the maids who lived on the 3rd floor….and her house still had the bell system…where in the butler's pantry and in the maids rooms on the 3rd floor you could see what room was calling you……there was even a button under the carpet in their dining room to ring for a maid…or the butler..
but my grands did not have maids or servants….well they did have a laundress..(white by the way…I frankly do not remember a person of color ever in St Paul…everyone was Irish or Scandinavian back then).. .and the first washing machine ever …where there was an electric roller in the back to squeeze out the water from the clothes…and all the washing was hung on a clothes line to dry outside..
…….except in the winter of course when it was hung in the basement…down near the furnace…..
my grands always came up to our summer home…up the mile long drive in from the main road…and as they had passed the "BIG Hill"….and were approaching the Main House…they would honk…which would send us children running out to their Caddie to see what they had brought….I ALWAYS looked for the pink boxes with all the pastries from their wonderful bakery in St Paul….and they brought the best cuts of steak …to be barbecued…..
our houses had NO electricity…as it was a mile in from the main road….so it was always kerosene lamps…and a gas lamp over the gas stove…..
……and the water was pumped up from a gas pump into a VERY high..on stilts….. wooden water tank….the few times I heard mom curse …saying a lot of "Gosh Darns" was when she would have to kick start the engine (which did not always easily start) to pump the water into the tank…and the reason she would have to go out and pump it in the flash lit black of night …was because my father was playing backgammon with his brother…my Uncle Sumner….never forget one morning I awoke and could not believe they were STILL playing and my uncle was STILL drinking his Bourbon and Ginger……as they were shaking their die…..
we had a garbage dump…out beyond the incinerator…where we burned all the papers….but the dump beyond the outhouse ..a two holer…..which I WILL NEVER forget…as I always felt the boogey man was waiting for me down there…and we had to toss lye down there after we had used it …..
….near the garage..which reminds me of the HUGE Texaco drum that held the kerosene for the lamps in the back of it where also the kindling wood was kept for the fireplace….the garage was really not a garage as no car could ever be placed there…..I was about to say it was really a tool shed…but it wasn't as..
well the house next to it in which the ice was stored in sawdust, blocks of ice cut from the Lake the winter before,so they did not melt …was later turned into the tool shed….
it is funny but long after the Ice house became the Tool shed…it still had a sawdust floor…and it was ALWAYS so much cooler …as if the ghosts of those long ago used ice blocks were still there……….
so thank you Madrid Ritz…..for the wonderful memories that you unbeknownst brought back….
Always enjoy! and brings back memories to you too.
Robby, this is beautiful writing. I'd love to see a collection of these specific memories all in one volume. You bring us right back to the specific moment in time when a doorway opens in the smallest detail and we walk through to a place of true family warmth and generosity!
Thanks Rick…coming from you that means a lot…as you,Daidie and Sumner…. are the TRUE writers in the family….I just enjoy putting words together – like a jigsaw puzzle….never quite sure what tableau will be created….


text:
Q: How can I calculate record length correctly I have a user-defined record with all fields Integer, Double, Long & Date types. this record include 6 one-dimension arrays
'PAYROLL RECORDS
'================
'GENERAL CALCULATION RECORD
Private Type PayrollGeneral_Rec
    Quantity    As Double
    Rate        As Double
End Type

Private Type PayrollEmployeeAttendance_Rec
    Net_Salary                          As Double
    OverTime(1 To OverTime_Factor_No)   As PayrollGeneral_Rec     ' Processed in Process_Shift
    InBox_Due(1 To 2)                   As PayrollGeneral_Rec       ' Money Due if
End Type

Private Type PayrollEmployeePenalties_Rec
    TimePenalties(1 To Time_Penalty_No)         As PayrollGeneral_Rec
    DayPenalties(1 To Day_Penalty_No)           As PayrollGeneral_Rec
    ManagerPenalties(1 To Manager_Penalty_No)   As PayrollGeneral_Rec
End Type

Private Type PayrollReturnedPenalty_Rec
    Amount          As Double
    Reference_No    As Integer
End Type

Private Type PayrollBranchNumbers_Rec
    WorkCycleType               As Integer
    CycleTotalCalendarDays      As Integer
    CycleTotalWorkingDays       As Integer
    CycleTotalWorkingHours      As Integer
    BranchSalaryAllowance       As Double
    Look4CollectivePermission   As Boolean              ' Depending on Transportation method

    OverTime_Directive          As Double
End Type

Private Type PayrollSheet_Rec
    Attendance                          As PayrollEmployeeAttendance_Rec
    Penalties                           As PayrollEmployeePenalties_Rec
    SickLeave(1 To SickLeave_Rules_No)  As PayrollGeneral_Rec
    ReturnedPenalty                     As PayrollReturnedPenalty_Rec
End Type

'-----------------------------------------------

Private Type InBox_Rec
    ' INBOX     Due to Employee         +ve means Employee should be paid
    WorkingMinutes              As Long
    Weekends                    As Integer
    TotalEarned_Days            As Long
    TotalEarned_Money           As Double
    MoneyChange                 As Double
End Type

Private Type ThisYearNumbers_Rec
    ' CURRENT YEAR DATA      These data should reset to zero @ Year End Routine
    TotalAnnualDays             As Integer
    TotalCasualDays             As Integer
    TotalAbsenceDays            As Integer
    TotalPermittedAbsenceDays   As Integer
    TotalExternalTaskDays       As Integer
    TotalSickLeaveDays          As Integer
    TotalActiveDays             As Integer
    TotalHisWeekendDays         As Integer
    TotalHisOfficialHolidays    As Integer
    TotalLateStart_Minutes      As Long
    TotalEarlyEnd_Minutes       As Long
    TotalEarlyStart_Minutes     As Long
    TotalLateEnd_Minutes        As Long
    Total_Regular_WM            As Long           ' As per Employee Calendar Shifts Periods
    Total_OverTime_WM           As Long           ' As per Employee Calendar Shifts Periods

    TotalPermittedLateStart_Minutes     As Long
    TotalPermittedEarlyEnd_Minutes      As Long

    TotalEarnedDays             As Integer

    TotalRecieved               As Double
    TotalDeducted               As Double
    TotalDayPenalties           As Double
    TotalTimePenalties          As Double
    TotalManagerPenalties       As Double
End Type

Private Type Current_Rec
    ' Thru Next Payroll Period
    CurrentSickLeave_DayNo      As Integer
    CurrentCasualVacation_DayNo As Integer
    CurrentMoved_DayNo          As Integer
End Type

Public Type EmployeeLog_Rec                           ' Sheet <Employee DB>   Read & Write ok
    InBox                       As InBox_Rec
    ThisYearNumbers             As ThisYearNumbers_Rec
    Current                     As Current_Rec
    His_StartDate               As Date
    His_EndDate                 As Date
    Handeled_Out                As Date
End Type
'----------------------------------------------------

Type PayrollEmployeeCalculation_Rec
    EmployeeCode                        As Long
    EmployeeBranchSer                   As Integer

    BranchNumbers                       As PayrollBranchNumbers_Rec
    PeriodLog                           As EmployeeLog_Rec

    PayrollSheet                        As PayrollSheet_Rec
End Type

I calculated Record length as follows:
Private Function Get_EC_Rec_Len() As Long
Dim EC As PayrollEmployeeCalculation_Rec
    ' Record include 6 one dimension arrays
    Get_EC_Rec_Len = Len(EC) + ((2 + 8) * 6)
End Function

I open file as follows:
Calc_Len = Get_EC_Rec_Len
Open FileName For Random As FileNo Len = (Calc_Len)

when I use Put statement.
        Put FileNo, Employee.Ser, EmployeeCalculation

Sometimes (only sometimes) i get Run Time error #59, and once i had this error it keeps appearing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Had a round of trading all ready and planned.
The future was looking so bright and so sunny.
At the lack of trade in the land so vast.
We look and wonder if this is a sign.
Could the country's days be numbered?
Now Florijnia is giving a similar vibe.
Tried asking the Feds (worth a shot).
Of the sunny, empty, shore of Kapitaland.
The Miniconomist vNews presents: Might be a Mandate Monitor™ – a continuously updated one off list of who's who in the Federation. It is a top ten of those that hold the most powerful positions in both the Federation and player countries. The mandates that include payment aren't posted in colour.
Self-explanatory, why wouldn't he be top of the list. Also remembered his password to the vNews publisher.
King of some country across the sea where everyone is allergic to harbours.
Does important work in the REDACTED.
Paid from time to time.
Has a gun which makes him very persuasive.
Paid in gunpowder and Thug achievement points.
I said his positions weren't politically powerful so this is me making it up to him.
Paid in visitors to his dungeon.
Found an inaccuracy, some position has already been abandoned or taken by someone else? Have we missed a mandate? Let us know in the Miniconomist vNews club.
VIRTUA – After a second week of trading in our beloved country, it is time to look at our gains (and losses?).
The trade this week was booming, however due to a lack of iron ( ) the trade stalled several times, which had a negative impact on the trade in general. However, that situation has changed yesterday, when the V MV started supplying iron.
A harbour in Virtua has been build, which makes it possible for Virtuan citizens to travel to other countries in the Federation, and for foreigners to visit our beloved Republic.The Financial department of Virtua stated that the budgets of both country and cities are excellent, due to that the Virtuan government employees were paid 50% extra bonus for two weeks already! It is important if you have not done yet, to request your national subsidy, this is possible to do in the Virtuan DoF-club.The second week of trade was lovely, with a few bummers of course. What will the third week bring? Keep the I-shells rolling, Virtuans!
Welcome to vNews edition 2! This edition includes an article of Bleech, also an article of YAN and the statistics of Federal Researcher. Have fun reading!
Cash in the banks! Or in the economy?
It's always depending per player, will they save their cash or will they put it safely(?) at the banks. It's common known that in the first week (and the second) of the tradingperiod the money needs to 'flow', but what do the citizens of the countries think of this concept?
Several sources have let vNews know that the following amounts of I-shells are dropped in the national banks of the countries.
Now, what do these statistics tell us? It's clear to see that Cyberians don't like the concept at all, are they greedy? Or not trusting that their money will get back to them eventually? All possible, but what we know is that they don't really like to spend a lot of money.
In Ibisha and Digitalia we can clearly see that traders put their money on the banks aswell. Virtuans however like to spend money and keep it going, which you can see above, only an amount of 125.000 I-shells is in the banks there!
Skyscrapers: Very effective, especially if you have a lot of stories!
Get yourself some reserves: makes it way more easier to fill up your stores.
Build a nice club: not really good for your own wallet, but very nice for the social aspect of our game.
Keep the money going! We are only at the beginning of this trading period.
Yep, we are back (again!). After a small break, ex-Editor in Chief YAN will be in charge again of publishing the next editions.
What will be different in this editions? Not much. We will keep going the way previous Editor in Chief viraxje did and hopefully we may receive loads of quality articles in the weeks that are coming.
Editions shall be published in the week-ends, for each article you will be paid in I-shells and/or credits. It's very rewarding to write! We thank Bleech, Federal Researcher and YAN for contributing to this edition. Very much appreciated!
Welcome to the first edition of vNews! In this edition you can read an overview, an article about spending of I-shells or saving the money, an article of Bleech and of course the turnover statistics. Enjoy!
Firstly, some good news from our own organization. After a long time-out we are back. Editions shall be published weekly and at least consist of the overview and turover statistics. Talking about turnovers, thank you Federal Director for this week's!
Not only in our organization we had some good news, but there was also good news for Virtua. The only English-only speaking country of our Federation has gotten back at her feet. Virtua previous round was inactive, and had a bad trade. But now, things have changed. The Virtuan economy is active again! With all the mainproducts covered with great traders such as sahib, natcha12, likemyitem and Rokta Virtua is ready to rock again.
The Virtuan trade got better, but also Virtuan politics. At this moment, the Virtuan Council is discussing a lot of stuff, such as improvements on financial issues and border control. The position of Consul of Education was free for a while, but yesterday the Office of the Virtuan President announced that Vice President Bleech has accepted this position. We wish him the best of luck!
Not only 'oldies' have taken a position in the Virtuan National Government but also new players were given the chance to expand their knowledge about the political system in our country: welcome Lemming Herder as General Consul!
Outside Virtua we can also see a booming trade, especially on Ibishan soil you can see that the map shall be empty very soon (maybe even when you are reading this!). What will the Ibishans do? A very well-known solution is getting your recources from other countries, which the Ibishan citizens will most likely go for.
In Digitalia King The King 2 is dominating the trade, however, his skyscraper is not that big. Especially compared to the almost 400 floors in Nasdaqar of YAN. The MV Kirederf MV supplies plastic to Virtuan citizens, however, it is not known if this MV actually is profitable.
Overall we can see a good roundstart, both on political and trade aspects of our game. Each country of our Federation also has announced their delegates for the Council of Veterans. It will be interesting to see if the Council comes with new ideas, or if they will adress new issues.
Lotstate is an issue though, in almost each and every city of the Federation, the lotstates have dropped below 90, which means trouble. Will the mayors fix these problems themselves, or do the Digitalian diamondtraders have a good round? Who knows..


text:
I land NY Times advertising column all about my client Free All Music
With Ads, Music Downloads Sing a New Tune
By ANDREW ADAM NEWMAN
ON Hulu, the popular Web site that streams free television shows and other video, users have proved to be perfectly willing to watch short commercials, and a new site is betting that the same willingness will apply to downloading music.
FreeAllMusic.com, which began a test version for invited users on Dec. 22 and plans to open to the public in January, will allow users to download songs, which may be copied and shared — unencumbered, in other words, by digital rights management restrictions.
In return, instead of paying 99 cents a song as on iTunes, users must first watch a 15- to 30-second advertisement.
"It's iTunes meets Hulu," said Richard Nailling, chief executive of FreeAllMusic.
Two of the four major labels have signed with the service and will provide their full digital catalogs, said Mr. Nailling, who declined to name the labels. Six advertisers are on board for the site's debut, he added, including Coca-Cola, Warner Brothers Television and Zappos.com.
The service hopes to draw "casual pirates who, for whatever reason, are not paying for music," Mr. Nailling said in a telephone interview from Atlanta, where Free All Media, the parent company of the venture, is based. "We have made this process easier than stealing."
The prospect of earning money for songs that are now being illegally downloaded is, of course, what drew labels to the start-up.
Advertisers, meanwhile, like the assurance — take that, Tivo — that ads are being viewed.
For each download users will select from about a dozen ads to view, and if, say, they choose Coca-Cola, then the company pays for that song in what the site calls a microsponsorship.
"If people opt in to see your ad, then they're more receptive to your message," said Julie Coulton, a senior vice president at Mullen, Boston, the advertising agency representing Zappos. "You have a much more qualified, leaning-forward viewer, a much more engaged consumer."
With the popularity of online music services like iTunes and Pandora, which principally streams music free to computers or smartphones and is supported by banner ads, many companies have sought ways to profit from digital music.
But until now they have mostly been tilting at windmills. SpiralFrog, which also offered a free music download service supported by banner ads, failed spectacularly, shutting down in March after losing $26 million on revenue of just $1.2 million in 2008, according to income statements acquired by CNET News.
"The online music industry remains as risky as walking through a minefield punch-drunk," Om Malik, the founder of the technology site GigaOM, wrote recently.
But Steve Yanovsky, founder of Brand Alchemy, a digital media and music branding agency, said that unlike SpiralFrog, whose songs were protected by digital rights restrictions, played only on PCs and required downloading software, FreeAllMusic offers shareable downloads that will work on Apple devices as well as PCs and requires no software.
And because the site will let brands align themselves with music lovers, Mr. Yanovsky sees parallels with how Mountain Dew endears itself to action sports fans through the sponsoring of Dew Tour competitions.
"Brands have got to get out of the way and be facilitators," Mr. Yanovsky said.
To promote itself, along with the record labels and advertisers, the site plans to recruit users themselves. After downloading a song, users will be asked if they wish to post the details to their Facebook profiles and Twitter streams, and if FreeAllMedia may feature their song and user name in banner ads on other Web sites, as in, "Andy N just downloaded 'I Wanna Be Sedated' by the Ramones courtesy of Zappos.com."
Some bristle at that prospect, like Paul Bonanos, who, also posting on GigaOM, wrote, "I don't think anyone will be too enthusiastic about his screen name appearing in banner ads all over the Web."
But Mr. Nailling of FreeAllMusic emphasized that such ads would appear only with users' approval.
"We think some portion of our users — not all — will like the fact that they're being influencers," Mr. Nailling said. "We think that might be compelling to users."
It's certainly compelling to advertisers, whose reach will extend to social networks like Facebook, where, if friends opt to download the same song, they must first watch the same ad.
The service is tinkering with how many downloads it will permit, and initially is allowing 20 monthly, and no more than five a session.
Within six months, FreeAllMusic aims to be smartphone compatible, meaning users could download music (and view compulsory ads) on iPhones and other devices.
Jim Lesser, executive creative director at BBDO West, based in San Francisco, has yet to sign any of his clients to the site, but likes the prospect of consumers in one sitting viewing as many as five spots, which advertisers could present in a specific order.
"You could tell a story in a serial fashion, and you'd have a good shot of them viewing the whole campaign," Mr. Lesser said.
It also could be a litmus test.
"It's a great thing for advertisers because, at the very least, it will give them a sense of how relevant they are to consumers," he said. "It puts the pressure on to be fun and exciting to watch, or else people aren't going to watch them — but in return they'll get eyeballs glued to the message."
Labels: Drew Kerr, Free All Music, NY Times


Inter Milan couldn't hold on to a two-goal lead against Israeli club Hapoel Beer-Sheva on Thursday, losing 3-2 and being knocked out of the Europa League with one round still to be played.
Inter conceded three goals in the second half, including one in the third and final minute of stoppage time, as it lost for the fourth time in five games in Group K.
Sparta Prague, which defeated Southampton 1-0 at home, secured first place in the group with 12 points, five more than both Hapoel and Southampton, which meet in England in the final round. Inter stayed on three points.
Mauro Icardi scored his sixth goal in as many games for Inter in the 13th and Marcelo Brozovic added to the lead in the 25th and Inter looked home and dry.
But not this Inter side, who fold like a pack of cards whenever the pressure is turned on them. The turning spot here came in the 69th minute when goalkeeper Samir Handanovic was sent off for a foul that prompted Hapoel's equalizer from a penalty kick.
Striker Ben Sahar netted the late winner with a shot from inside the area after a fast breakaway that caught Inter's defense off guard.
The Israeli champions had beaten Inter 2-0 at San Siro in the teams' group opener. That made Hapoel Beer-Sheva the first side to ever beat Inter in both legs of a European tie.
The defeat meant that Inter have managed one draw in their last 7 away games played between Serie A and the Europa League.


PC gamers overwhelmingly prefer the Steam digital distribution client due to cloud saves, achievements, trading cards and the ability to store a huge library in one client. Unfortunately, EA decided to make their latest titles exclusive to Origin in a similar vein to Ubisoft's Uplay. Although, Origin has improved in the past year or so and offers excellent customer support. Additionally, EA's Great Game Guarantee provided refunds long before Steam implemented a similar system.
What is your favorite Bioware game of all time?
EA has now reinstated the standard pricing and it's unknown if this is a temporary or permanent measure.


text:
Ineos wins injunction against shale protesters - IFA Shops
Home > News > Ineos wins injunction against shale protesters
Ineos wins injunction against shale protesters
Protesters gather near a Cuadrilla gas fracking site given the green light near Blackpool © Getty
Ineos has won a High Court injunction against unlawful protests at its UK shale gas sites in an escalation of the industry's battle with anti-fracking activists.
The ruling will put protesters in contempt of court if they cause any obstruction to Ineos's shale operations — increasing the powers of police and the judicial system to clamp down on lawbreaking by demonstrators.
Ineos said it was the most wide-ranging injunction of its kind secured by the shale industry and the first issued pre-emptively before a company had planning permission to start drilling.
"We have a duty to do all we can to ensure the safety of everyone on and around our sites, including the protesters," said Tom Pickering, operations director of Ineos Shale. "Our people and suppliers have the right to come to work free from harassment and intimidation."
Mr Pickering added that the injunction would "protect our sites, our people, our suppliers and the public from the militant activists who try to game the system and cause maximum disruption".
The injunction follows weeks of intensifying protests at a site near Blackpool, Lancashire, where Cuadrilla, another fracking company, is preparing to start what it hopes will be Britain's first commercial shale gas operation.
Disruption such as criminal damage to equipment and sit-down protests to stop traffic at the Cuadrilla site, and another operated by Third Energy in North Yorkshire, have highlighted the difficulties facing Britain's nascent shale industry as they attempt to bring US-style fracking to the UK.
Ineos, the UK petrochemicals group privately controlled by its founder and chairman Jim Ratcliffe, is the biggest owner of shale licences in Britain, covering more than 1.2m acres of land across the north-west of England, Yorkshire and the Midlands.
Whereas Cuadrilla and Third Energy have permission to start drilling, Ineos is still taking seismic surveys and pursuing planning permission. Its decision to seek an injunction at this stage is intended to head off the disruption encountered by its peers and send a message to protesters.
Mr Pickering said the injunction would not interfere with the right to peaceful protest and that Ineos remained committed to engaging with local communities to address concerns about the environmental impact of fracking. But he said the company had a responsibility to tackle dangerous and threatening behaviour.
Ineos submitted to the court 17 ring-binders full of documents detailing the threat it said was posed to the company by unlawful protest, including abusive emails and social media messages and accounts of intimidation against people working not only for Ineos but also for its suppliers.
Activists vowed via social media to challenge the injunction and accused Ineos and the court of undermining civil rights by barring peaceful direct action including "slow walks" on public highways.
Ineos said the injunction was the most far-reaching of its kind since one issued in defence of Huntingdon Life Sciences, the pharmaceuticals research company which was besieged by animal rights activists in the 1990s and 2000s.
This entry was posted in News on 31st July 2017 by admin.
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Hey Teresa! I would like to request a showing of 5211 Mccommas Boulevard. Let me know what times you are available. Thank you!
BEAUTIFUL BRICK TUDOR in Highly Sought After M Streets! This home is loaded with charm and gleaming hardwoods throughout. Inviting entry leading into formal living and dining room. Upstairs features two bedrooms and full baths. Home has been completely restored to bring out the best! 2 car detached garage with storage space above and a side room for supplies. New hot tub and serene sitting area in backyard. Prime	read more location near SMU campus, Greenville Ave, and easy access to downtown Dallas and the Katy Walking Trail. Elementary is a blue ribbon school, previously known as the Stonewall Jackson Elementary. Please see attached list of updates and seller comments.
All data for this listing was last updated on February 22, 2019 at 11:57AM.


The Rolkem Chiffon Dust range a non-toxic, edible, satin finish, dusting powder. They are great for giving your sugar art creations a satin finish. It can be dry brushed onto any edible product including Chocolate.


text:
Artificial Intelligence in Psychology: 9 Examples & Apps (2023)
This Article Contains: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Psychology AI as an expert system Virtual worlds Computer games 5 Examples of AI Use in Psychology Detection and Computational Analysis of Psychological Signal Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Watson Health RP-VITA Mental Health Diagnostic Expert System How to Use AI for Psychological Testing Using Artificial Intelligence in Cognitive Psychology Top 4 AI-Based Psychology Apps Woebot Youper Replika Tess 5 Artificial Intelligence and Psychology Degrees PositivePsychology.com's Relevant Resources A Take-Home Message FAQs Videos
The first chatbot, ELIZA, was created by MIT's Joseph Weizenbaum as long ago as 1966.
Named after Eliza Doolittle from George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion, this early conversational software imitated a psychotherapist (Weizenbaum, 1976; Mullins, 2005).
While its intelligence was limited, simply rewording patients' phrases as questions, Eliza proved incredibly convincing.
Its most famous script, DOCTOR, successfully simulates the renowned psychologist Carl Rogers (ELIZA, n.d.).
Patient: I am unhappy
ELIZA: Can you explain what made you unhappy?
At the time, it was the next step in a much longer journey toward intelligent software and artificial intelligence (AI).
This article explores AI's recent developments in psychology and its future potential.
Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Positive Psychology Exercises for free. These science-based exercises will explore fundamental aspects of positive psychology including strengths, values, and self-compassion, and will give you the tools to enhance the wellbeing of your clients, students, or employees.
This Article Contains:
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Psychology
5 Examples of AI Use in Psychology
How to Use AI for Psychological Testing
Using Artificial Intelligence in Cognitive Psychology
Top 4 AI-Based Psychology Apps
5 Artificial Intelligence and Psychology Degrees
PositivePsychology.com's Relevant Resources
A Take-Home Message
The term AI is typically used to describe both the "technology designed to perform activities that normally require human intelligence" and the multidisciplinary field of science concerned with understanding and developing that technology (Luxton, 2014).
From robots to software distributed across networks, AI is now a commonly used term. And while it can mean different levels of complexity and performance depending on the context and the commentator, it emulates either complex human behavior or specialized intelligent functions.
Most importantly, AI can learn without being explicitly told how to do so.
Psychology, mental health in particular, is one of the more recent areas of focus for AI. As AI lengthens its reach, it is becoming increasingly crucial for psychologists, therapists, and counselors to understand the existing capacity and future potential for the technology to transform mental healthcare.
How can AI help mental health professionals?
(Video) What Is Artificial Intelligence? | 🔥Artificial Intelligence Course | AI In 5 Minutes | |Simplilearn
Luxton (2014) says that AI can simulate a practitioner, with capabilities beyond its human counterpart.
Indeed, the following examples of advanced technology perceive beyond our human senses to assess patients (Luxton, 2014):
Infrared imaging to recognize temperature changes
Facial recognition to confirm a patient's identity
Optical sensing to analyze facial expression and eye blinking
Vocal analysis to perceive subtle differences in speech characteristics
Olfaction (smell) analysis to identify intoxication
While AI can conduct therapy sessions, e-therapy sessions, and assessments autonomously, it can also assist human practitioners before, during, or after sessions.
Physical assessments such as increased heart rate or temperature changes in response to challenging questions can provide valuable and insightful additional data for the clinician.
Not only that, recording data, managing record keeping, and triggering automatic follow-up actions would free up valuable time for the human professional.
AI as an expert system
Expert systems were one of the first uses for AI within the medical field. While not everyone agrees that expert systems qualify as AI, they undoubtedly assist decision making by combining knowledge and expertise from professionals.
While such systems have been around for several decades, their design has moved from predominantly rule-based logic to making decisions based on data mining and fuzzy logic – the cognitive scientists' term for handling partial truths (Luxton, 2014).
Through enhancements such as adding speech recognition and natural language processing to expert systems, it is not difficult to imagine technology like Siri, Alexa, or Google Assistant offering therapist-like sessions or expert advice at relatively low costs and without clients having to leave their home.
AI provides other such opportunities. Combining its body of expertise with personal records can monitor health conditions and spot potential contraindications for medical treatments.
Additionally, AI-enabled clinical support systems offer increased capacity, handling a greater volume of highly complex data than their human counterparts could manage and making it available anywhere throughout the day. The burden of time-limited mental health resources can be significantly reduced, and AI can provide more focused engagement with those needing it most and when urgently required (Luxton, 2014).
Computer-generated simulated worlds, known as virtual reality (VR), offer a safe, cost-effective environment for patients to explore their issues. Through immersion, the environment can be made more real for the individual, tailoring circumstances and dialing stressors up or down.
Virtual companions, including digital pets, also promote wellbeing while managing loneliness in easily accessed environments (Luxton, 2014).
Virtual Reality Therapy can be a safe way to deal with post-traumatic stress disorder, and is discussed in our linked article.
Augmented reality overlays the potential flexibility of VR onto the actual world. It uses the readily available processing power of tablets and smartphones to safely connect individuals with the source of their anxiety or personal coaches.
How clients can heal when confronting their fears is also mentioned in our article about Exposure Therapy.
Computer games have successfully increased engagement with reluctant patients and encouraged treatment adherence. By providing a discreet and gamified option for patients, AI-enhanced games can side-step the stigma associated with mental health treatment and provide realistic situations tailored to patients' needs.
The online computer game Second Lifehas been successfully trialed as a vehicle for virtual coaching and directed gameplay to enable the patient to practice new skills (Linden Research, 2013; Luxton, 2014).
AI technology that supplements or even replaces the therapist, counselor, or other mental health professional is not in the realm of science fiction or even the near-future; it is available now.
(Video) Artificial intelligence and algorithms: pros and cons | DW Documentary (AI documentary)
Detection and Computational Analysis of Psychological Signal
The Detection and Computational Analysis of Psychological Signal project uses machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing to analyze language, physical gestures, and social signals to identify cues for human distress.
This ground-breaking technology assesses soldiers returning from combat and recognizes those who require further mental health support. In the future, it will combine data captured during face-to-face interviews with information on sleeping, eating, and online behaviors for a complete patient view (Defense Applied Research Projects Agency, 2013).
The Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratoryat Massachusetts Institute of Technology has successfully used AI to analyze digital video and identify subtle changes to an individual's pulse rate and blood flow, undetectable to the human eye.
While extremely valuable during therapy sessions in uncovering nonverbal cues, it can also monitor trauma patients' breathing or young babies in distress in hospitals (Hardesty, 2012).
Watson Health
Watson Health, IBM's AI-enabled analysis tool, is now commercially available and comes loaded with medical literature to serve as both consultant and medical expert.
The incredible aim of this AI is to bring together data, technology, and expertise to stand in for or supplement professional physical and mental healthcare, performing diagnoses and suggesting treatments (IBM, 2020).
RP-VITA
The RP-VITA robot has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to provide remote communication between healthcare providers and patients. It monitors patients' wellbeing remotely while accessing their medical records.
The system is multidisciplinary, providing support for psychological, neurological, cardiovascular, and critical care assessments and examinations (InTouch Health, 2020).
Mental Health Diagnostic Expert System
Mental Health Diagnostic Expert System uses advanced AI technology to encode expert knowledge of mental health disorders, which it then uses for diagnoses and proposing treatments.
The AI uses a combination of rule-based and fuzzy logic to understand patients' needs, agreeing on treatment plans that suit their budgets and are appropriate alongside other health conditions (Masri & Mat Jani, 2012).
Combining the benefits of psychological expertise with AI-enabled technology is having a positive impact on patient treatment and healthcare. With the additional benefits of being cost effective and available remotely, it is likely to develop rapidly.
De Mello and de Souza (2019) explored the potential for AI tools to assist data collection, analysis, testing, and evaluation in mental health.
AI technology offers valuable tools for therapy, combining techniques such as data mining (generating new information from deep analysis of large quantities of data) and expert analysis. AI opens up the potential to diagnose existing and potential problems, test, and confirm predictions and treatments.
When used to understand the data from 707 patients with suicidal tendencies in Greater Santiago, Chile, the AI identified a series of factors associated with suicidal ideation and behavior.
The findings led to a series of preventive interventions for at-risk individuals that reduced the risk of suicide and reinforced "psychological wellbeing, feelings of self-worth, and reasons for living" (Morales et al., 2017).
In 2017, Kravets, Poplavskaya, Lempert, Salnikova, and Medintseva created a model that used fuzzy logic to emulate psychiatric diagnoses. It successfully assessed patients and tested its mental health diagnoses based on incomplete knowledge.
Appropriate AI technology provides the means to piece together fragmented information, build mental models, test their validity, and suggest treatments (de Mello & de Souza, 2019).
Cognitive psychology attempts to understand cognition's complexity through research, testing, and building models of how the human mind handles and processes complex information during attention, memory, and perception (Zivony, 2019).
(Video) MIND-BLOWING USES OF AI IN FINANCE
AI and cognitive psychology share similar aims – to understand the nature of intelligent behavior – with the former attempting to build such processes using advanced technology.
And while computational modeling and AI have subtle differences, they are both valuable approaches for understanding the nature of intelligent thinking and providing insights into the growing field of cognitive psychology.
Computational modeling involves "programming computers to model or mimic aspects of human cognitive functioning" (Eysenck & Keane, 2015). Artificial intelligence's underlying processes, on the other hand, typically bear no resemblance to the mechanisms used by the human brain.
Rather than attempt to develop computational models that help us understand human intelligence, the AI designer's goal is to produce an outcome that appears intelligent. Such processes do not need to be functionally similar to those of a human.
However, there is one particular model that appears to bridge the gap between the two approaches.
Connectionismwas originally inspired by the network of neurons that exists within the brain. "Connectionist models typically consist of interconnected networks of simple units exhibiting learning" and model cognition with no explicit rules (Eysenck & Keane, 2015).
While the brain may be described as a highly complex neural network, and connectionist models have successfully modeled specific human-like processes (such as face recognition), the jury is still out regarding whether such models explain human cognition.
However, deep neural networks, inspired by cognitive psychology theories and methods, have had some success in explaining how children learn labels for objects and offer a great example of the benefits of combining knowledge and expertise from multiple disciplines (Ritter, Barrett, Santoro, & Botvinick, 2017).
While the use of AI in psychology remains a relatively new field, the ubiquity of smartphone technology means that many of us have hardware within easy reach to run the increasing number of AI-inspired psychology apps.
A sample is given below:
Woebot
Woebot, a 2019 Google Play Award winner, encourages the user to think through situations using tools inspired by Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
The mood tracker then shows the positive changes made over days and weeks.
Find the app in the Google Play Store.
Find the app in the Apple App Store.
Youper
Youper provides a personalized emotional health assistant to help treat stress, anxiety, and depression.
The app uses techniques from several therapies, including CBT and mindfulness, to monitor and improve mental health through a series of brief conversations.
(Video) How China Is Using Artificial Intelligence in Classrooms | WSJ
Replika is an AI-powered chatbot that provides an emotional connection and virtual friendship to support people going through depression, anxiety, or troublesome times.
Tess is a web-based mental health chatbot that uses AI to offer the user wellness coping strategies. It promotes resilience through text-based conversations via Facebook messenger, SMS, and web browsers rather than an app.
Website access has to be purchased.
Worldwide, many degrees teach the latest in AI and psychology; however, few integrate the two disciplines.
The following programs are ones we have identified that include elements of both.
Computational Neuroscience, Cognition and AI MSc, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. School of Psychology.
This is an interdisciplinary program combining aspects of psychology, mathematics, and computer science.
Digital Health MSc, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom. Faculty of Science and Technology.
This program teaches students how to personalize and promote digital health through chatbots, wearable technology, and the Internet of Medical Things.
Artificial Intelligence: Cognitive Science MSc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Faculty of Sciences.
This master's degree uses a multidisciplinary approach to learn about the mind and cognition. Researchers and staff are drawn from various backgrounds including psychology, AI, math, philosophy, and neuroscience.
Cognitive Science BSc, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania, United States.
This interdisciplinary degree combines psychology, AI, neuroscience, and philosophy, with the shared goal of understanding intelligence.
Cognitive Science in Education, BSc, MA, and PhD, Columbia University, New York, United States.
Teaching students to a bachelor's, master's, and doctorate level, these programs explore the cognitive mechanisms that underpin learning and thinking. Their goal is to improve educational practices and develop innovative methods built upon new technology.
We have many tools and worksheets to help users gain greater awareness and understanding of emotions, intelligence, and mindsets. Use them to recognize and further develop your own or your clients' unique talents.
Monitor your thoughts to discern what type of faulty thinking is triggered. Faulty thinking styles can derail thought processes. Identify your thinking style, and consider whether it is helpful or unhelpful.
If you're looking for more science-based ways to help others enhance their wellbeing, this signature collection contains 17 validated positive psychology tools for practitioners. Use them to help others flourish and thrive.
AI offers a promising approach to assist and sometimes replace selected practices involved in mental health assessment and treatment (Fiske, Henningsen, & Buyx, 2019).
The technology has the potential to provide new types of treatment (including virtual and augmented reality, and games) and the ability to engage with populations that are difficult to reach or engage with.
Such innovative approaches can also free therapists and mental health professionals' time and resources to focus on urgent or more specialist care (Fiske et al., 2019).
However, there are inevitable ethical issues. At present, there is limited guidance on the development of such tools or how to integrate them with the work of health professionals, their existing technology and tools, and regulatory frameworks.
Other considerations when implementing AI solutions include understanding and agreeing on the level of human supervision required before, during, and after engaging with clients. At a minimum, assessment or intervention must respect and protect patient confidentiality and autonomy.
Yet, if risks from accidental or intentional misuse and ethical concerns are managed successfully, AI offers a practical approach to treat mental health on a large scale. It also provides the capacity to capture and analyze large amounts of data, with the potential for greater knowledge and understanding of mental health and the efficacy of treatments (Fiske et al., 2019).
We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Don't forget to download our three Positive Psychology Exercises for free.
(Video) Top 10 Ai Apps - 10 Best AI Apps To Look Out For In 2022
de Mello, F. L., & de Souza, S. A. (2019). Psychotherapy and artificial intelligence: A Proposal for alignment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10.
Defense Applied Research Projects Agency. (2013). Detection and computational analysis of psychological signals (DCAPS). Retrieved from https://www.darpa.mil/program/detection-and-computational-analysis-of-psychological-signals
ELIZA. (n.d.). InWikipedia. Retrieved February 15, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELIZA
Eysenck, M. W., & Keane, M. T. (2015). Cognitive psychology: A student's handbook. Psychology Press.
Fiske, A., Henningsen, P., & Buyx, A. (2019). Your robot therapist will see you now: Ethical implications of embodied artificial intelligence in psychiatry, psychology, and psychotherapy. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(5).
Hardesty, L. (2012, June 22). Researchers amplify variations in video, making the invisible visible. MIT News. Retrieved from https://news.mit.edu/2012/amplifying-invisible-video-0622
IBM. (2020). Medical coding with IBM Watson. Retrieved from https://www.ibm.com/uk-en/watson-health
InTouch Health. (2020). RP-VITA robot. Retrieved from https://intouchhealth.com/transforming-team-based-care/?gdprorigin=true
Kravets, A., Poplavskaya, O., Lempert, L., Salnikova, N., & Medintseva, I. (2017). The development of medical diagnostics module for psychotherapeutic practice. In A. Kravets, M. Shcherbakov, M. Kultsova, & P. Groumpos (Eds.) Creativity in intelligent technologies and data science (pp. 872–883). Springer International Publishing.
Linden Research. (2013). Second life (Version 1.3.2). Retrieved from http://secondlife.com/
Luxton, D. D. (2014). Artificial intelligence in psychological practice: Current and future applications and implications. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(5), 332–339.
Masri, R. Y., & Mat Jani, H. (2012). Employing artificial intelligence techniques in Mental Health Diagnostic Expert System. 2012 International Conference on Computer & Information Science (ICCIS), 1, 495–499.
Morales, S., Barros, J., Echávarri, O., García, F., Osses, A., Moya, C., … Tomicic, A. (2017). Acute mental discomfort associated with suicide behavior in a clinical sample of patients with affective disorders: Ascertaining critical variables using artificial intelligence tools. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8.
Mullins, J. (2005, April 20). Whatever happened to machines that think? New Scientist. Retrieved February 15, 2021, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18624961-700-whatever-happened-to-machines-that-think/
Ritter, S., Barrett, D. G. T., Santoro, A., & Botvinick, M. M. (2017). Cognitive psychology for deep neural networks: A shape bias case study. Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 70, 2940–2949.
Weizenbaum, J. (1976). Computer power and human reason: From judgment to calculation. Freeman.
Zivony, A. (2019, August 5). What is cognitive psychology? The British Academy. Retrieved February 16, 2021, from https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/blog/what-is-cognitive-psychology/
What is Artificial Intelligence in Psychology with examples? ›
Reviewed by Psychology Today Staff. Artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes known as machine intelligence, refers to the ability of computers to perform human-like feats of cognition including learning, problem-solving, perception, decision-making, and speech and language.
What are the 4 powerful examples of Artificial Intelligence? ›
Artificial Intelligence Examples
Manufacturing robots.
Self-driving cars.
Smart assistants.
Healthcare management.
Automated financial investing.
Virtual travel booking agent.
Social media monitoring.
Marketing chatbots.
What is AI applications and examples of AI? ›
Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision.
How is Psychology used in Artificial Intelligence? ›
To that end, psychologists are helping develop and deploy AI software and technologies, including everything from therapeutic chatbots to facial-recognition systems. They're also amassing a robust literature on human-computer interaction, digital therapeutics, and the ethics of automation.
How does AI help mental health? ›
Many new innovations in AI can help increase access to mental health resources, provide personalized treatment plans, and even potentially diagnose illness. In today's world, the need for mental health resources is urgent.
How does technology help Psychology? ›
Technology has transformed the study of psychology. It has led to innovation in treatment, education, assessment, and research. Technology usually provides a more convenient and cheaper alternative when used for assessment and treatment purposes.
How AI is used in daily life? ›
Voice assistants, image recognition for face unlock in cellphones, and ML-based financial fraud detection are examples of AI software currently being used in everyday life. Typically, just downloading AI software from an online store and having no other devices is required.
How AI is used in social media? ›
An AI-powered social monitoring tool or social listening tool can deliver insights from your brand's social media profiles and audience. This often involves using the power of AI to analyze social data at scale, understand what's being said in them, then extracting insights based on that information.
What is artificial intelligence with examples PDF? ›
Artificial Intelligence or sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals. Some of the activities that it is designed to do is speech recognition, learning, planning and problem solving.
What are the five application of artificial intelligence? ›
AI Applications in Banking
Automation, chatbots, adaptive intelligence, algorithm trading, and ML are all used in financial activities. Several banks already use AI-based systems or software to provide customer service and identify abnormalities and fraud.
What are applications of artificial intelligence? ›
What Are the Applications of Artificial Intelligence?
Personalized Shopping. ...
AI-powered Assistants. ...
Fraud Prevention. ...
Administrative Tasks Automated to Aid Educators. ...
Creating Smart Content. ...
Voice Assistants. ...
Personalized Learning. ...
Autonomous Vehicles.
Is artificial intelligence part of Psychology? ›
Psychology and artificial intelligence are interconnected. Both point to mental processes, behavior, and emotions. But the fact that these are different disciplines doesn't mean they're mutually exclusive.
Can psychologists work in AI? ›
An AI psychologist would have to be able to relate and empathize with their patients to be effective. Psychology and artificial intelligence are always developing, however. The field of AI is exploring many exciting technologies, including: Machine learning.
Can AI have mental problems? ›
The possibility of mental illnesses occurring in artificially intelligent individuals necessitates the consideration that at some level, they may have achieved a mental capability of consciousness, sentience and rationality such that they can subsequently become dysfunctional.
What exactly AI means? ›
artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.
What is AI technology in healthcare? ›
AI in healthcare is an umbrella term to describe the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms and other cognitive technologies in medical settings. In the simplest sense, AI is when computers and other machines mimic human cognition, and are capable of learning, thinking, and making decisions or taking actions.
What kind of technology is used in psychology? ›
These technologies include: psychopharmacology, non-invasive brain stimulation, virtual reality environments, and big-data methods for large-scale multivariate analysis.
What are the new innovations in psychology? ›
These are the top 10 innovations in mental health
Telehealth and community-based mental healthcare during COVID-19. ...
Psychedelics to assist the treatment of psychiatric disorders. ...
Digital devices to revolutionize how research is done. ...
Digital tools to train providers and fill gaps in mental healthcare.
What is artificial intelligence in simple words? ›
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer or a robot controlled by a computer to do tasks that are usually done by humans because they require human intelligence and discernment.
What is artificial intelligence explain? ›
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Explained
In the simplest terms, AI which stands for artificial intelligence refers to systems or machines that mimic human intelligence to perform tasks and can iteratively improve themselves based on the information they collect. AI manifests in a number of forms.
What is artificial intelligence and its types? ›
Artificial intelligence (AI) makes it possible for machines to use experience for learning, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks. Artificial intelligence is generally divided into two types – narrow (or weak) AI and general AI, also known as AGI or strong AI.
How is artificial intelligence used? ›
Artificial intelligence (AI) makes it possible for machines to learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks. Most AI examples that you hear about today – from chess-playing computers to self-driving cars – rely heavily on deep learning and natural language processing.
Who is father of AI? ›
Abstract: If John McCarthy, the father of AI, were to coin a new phrase for "artificial intelligence" today, he would probably use "computational intelligence." McCarthy is not just the father of AI, he is also the inventor of the Lisp (list processing) language.
What is intelligence example? ›
The definition of intelligence is the ability to retain knowledge, use reasoning to solve problems or have above average brain power. An example of intelligence is someone obtaining their Ph. D. An example of intelligence is someone knowing that Dover is the capital of Delaware.
Why is artificial intelligence important? ›
Today, the amount of data that is generated, by both humans and machines, far outpaces humans' ability to absorb, interpret, and make complex decisions based on that data. Artificial intelligence forms the basis for all computer learning and is the future of all complex decision making.
What are the five types of AI systems? ›
Five important kinds of AI
Machine learning (ML) Machine learning is a sub-component of Artificial Intelligence. ...
Deep learning. This branch of AI tries to closely mimic the human mind. ...
Natural language processing (NLP) ...
Computer vision. ...
Explainable AI (XAI)
What are some good AI projects? ›
In this article, you will learn the 16 Artificial Intelligence Project Ideas & Topics. Take a glimpse below.
Predict Housing Price.
Enron Investigation.
Stock Price Prediction.
Customer Recommendation.
Chatbots.
Voice-based Virtual Assistant for Windows.
Facial Emotion Recognition and Detection.
What is artificial intelligence PPT? ›
 Artificial Intelligence : Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence by machines. 1) The ability to solve problems. 2) The ability to act rationally. 3) The ability to act like humans.
Is Siri is an example of? ›
1 Answer. Yes, Siri is an example of Artificial Intelligence. Siri is a voice assistant developed by Apple Inc. using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence algorithms including CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) and LSTM (Long short-term memory).
How many AI are there? ›
As of 2022, we recognize seven different types of artificial intelligence. These are the three types based on capabilities – Narrow AI, General AI, and Super AI. Based on functionalities AIs are Reactive Machines, Limited Theory, Theory of Mind, and Self-awareness.
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Two Sailor Moon musicals to air online for overseas fans this winter
John K. Smith November 27, 2021 3 min read
If you weren't able to catch these shows in Japan, don't worry – now is your chance to watch them online!
The story of sailor moon comes in many forms, but one of the best ways to take advantage of it is to Musical theater. There have been many iterations of the series on stage based on different story arcs, each with their own effects, songs, costumes, and actors. Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon The Super Live, Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon – Love Eternal, and Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Little Stranger are just a few of the musicals that have graced the stage over the years, but that's just the tip of the hat. the iceberg!
Unfortunately, musicals have very limited international performances, so it may be difficult to watch them if you cannot travel. Fortunately, overseas fans have the opportunity to watch two beloved stage productions of Sailor Moon online this winter as part of the Japan 2.5-D Stage Play World: Anime, Manga & Game Theater Online, which will air five different cartoon-based musicals online between December 10 and February 3.
Sailor Moon's first musical will be Nogizaka 46 Musical Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon 2019, which tells the story of Sailor Moon awakening and the Sea Scouts' battle with the Dark Realm. Featuring members of the popular idol group Nogizaka 46, it was a popular take on one of our favorite stories. Tickets will cost 1,650 yen (US $ 14.30) for viewers in Japan and US $ 15 for overseas viewers.
Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon the Musical: Kaguya Hime's Beloved is the second musical to be released via the Japan 2.5-D Stage Play World. This is a new musical that tells the sad story of Luna's fleeting love for a young man who wants to become an astronaut, as the Sailor Scouts fight to save the land from Princess Kaguya-Hime. Bring tissues, because it's a touching story!
Tickets for Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon the Musical: Kaguya Hime's Beloved won't be available to viewers based in Japan, but overseas viewers can watch it for $ 20.
The two pieces will be available to stream on demand for two-week periods between December 10 and February 3, which means that once you buy a ticket for a period of time, you have two weeks to watch it. Streaming will be available worldwide except the Middle East, Mainland China, Russia and North Korea.
Tickets are now on sale, Then check out the Japan 2.5-D Stage Play World website to find out how to book. Do not miss the opportunity to witness exceptional performances!
Source: Sailor Moon official
Insert images: official Sailor Moon (1, 2)
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package cn.com.sunjiesh.wechat.model.response.datacube;

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 * @author tomsun
 *
 */
public class WechatGetUpstreamMsgWeekResponse extends WechatGetUpstreamMsgResponse{

	/**
	 *
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -777529974842626466L;

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dodgers: Cody Bellinger Loses Pants on the Field
Yes, it is exactly how it sounds.
by Clint Pasillas 08/20/2019, 9:45 PM
With the Blue Jays facing the Dodgers this week, Los Angeles is flashing off some of the best young talent in the game. However, the current leader in the NL MVP race may have taken "flash" a little too literally.
Cody Bellinger's 100 RBI are a career high.
His pants? A career low. pic.twitter.com/p8Nb6eM1FF
— Cut4 (@Cut4) August 21, 2019
Yes, while trying to stretch a double to a triple on Tuesday night, All-Star outfielder/first baseman Cody Bellinger lost his pants while sliding to the bag. Unfortunately, he was out on the play, but if it helps alleviate the embarrassment of the situation, he did record a new career high in RBIs with 100 as he drove in 3 runs on the hit.
Moreover, everyone's favorite internet gif man Bryan Kephart helped really focus in on the moment in question.
The slide…
pic.twitter.com/tqSZHxGj9b
— Bryan Kephart (@thundercrat) August 21, 2019
…and the help up off the floor.
pic.twitter.com/RUrcymG9ju
On the night, the 24 year-old went 2-3 with the bat, and 0-1 with his pants. And most importantly, the Dodgers beat the Jays by a score of 16-3.
Written by Clint Pasillas
Clint is the lead editor of Dodgers Nation, and a host and analyst on Dodgers Nation's own Blue Heaven podcast live stream.
He's been writing, blogging, and podcasting Dodgers since about 2008. He was there for Nomar, Greg Maddux, and Blake DeWitt, and he'll be there for Walker Buehler, Alex Verdugo, Dustin May, and any Dodgers of the future.
He's also a sandwich enthusiast, a consummate athlete, and a friend.
Fan Comments3
I Love It! That play seals the MVP for Belli! Only if rest of the MLB can "sacrifice" as much! Golden Rule: Never criticize a player for playing hard!
Lou-Dodger says:
Crazy, baseball bloopers!!!!!! When you are the type of season Belles is, no one really cares if his pants fall a wee bit. In fact, it might even humanize him. If this happened to Puig, the reaction might have been more harsh. But with Belles, it gave the fans a chance to see his more human side. No if's, and's, or butt's!!!! Go Blue!!!
NODH says:
The ladies lost their pants on that play as well hey ohhhhhhhhh
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