text:
Q: 1950s short story about a man awakening from suspended animation in the near future roughly the same and gets lobotomized, then gets a VR future This short story found in an anthology from the 1960s has a man accidentally placed in suspended animation, possibly from a dental anesthetic gone wrong, and wakes a generation in the future. He leaves the abandoned place he wakes in, and wanders the streets, to see things much the same as he remembered them on the day he went in for his procedure, except poorly maintained. The only new things visible are a fleet of white vans, labelled with some kind of entertainment service branding. He eventually runs into some people, who become startled at the bizarre questions the awakened man is increasingly agitatedly asking, resulting in the protagonist being detained and in the process, lobotomized. Once higher authorities examine the details, they realize what has happened, so for compensation, award the lobotomized man with a life-time subscription to the service those white vans maintain; virtual reality entertainment in home, where his eyelids are removed, and sensors implanted in his brain, so that the sensations of the "feelies" can provide the full sensations. The man is started off with westerns, as the authorities figure those will be more familiar to people from his era.

A: This is John D. Macdonald's "Spectator Sport" (1950).
From a summary of the story on TVTropes:

...a scientist invent time travel and travel 400 years into the future. He's surprised to find that society is little different from when he left, only more run down except for the vehicles owned by World Senseways. Unfortunately he's pulled into one of those vehicles and lobotomised so he can be hooked up to virtual reality. A regional director of World Senseways finds out about this too late to correct the mistake. He can't send the scientist back as he believes more will follow (he believes they have the perfect world, free of war and social conflict), so he 'compassionately' decides to hook him up permanently, which is "as close to Heaven as a man can get."

You have the story almost correct, except that Dr. Maddon time travels 400 years into the future, to find things very much the same except run down:

Once again he continued his aimless walk down the streets of the familiar city. There was a general air of disrepair. Shops were boarded up. The pavement was broken and potholed. A few automobiles traveled on the broken streets. They, at least, appeared to be of a slightly advanced design but they were dented, dirty and noisy.
[...]
He stopped in consternation as he reached the familiar park. His consternation arose from the fact that the park was all too familiar. Though it was a tangle of weeds the equestrian statue of General Murdy was still there in deathless bronze, liberally decorated by pigeons.
Clothes had not changed nor had common speech. He wondered if the transfer had gone awry, if this world were something he was dreaming.

The only vehicles in good repair are the white vans of World Senseways:

One new element of this world of the future bothered him considerably. That was the number of low-slung white- panel delivery trucks. They seemed to be in better condition than the other vehicles. Each bore in fairly large gilt letters the legend WORLD SENSEWAYS. But he noticed that the smaller print underneath the large inscription varied. Some read, Feeder Division — others, Hookup Division.

World Senseways does discover that he was a genuine time traveller, and should probably not have been immediately lobotomized:

Maddon was brought into the office by an attendant. He wore a wide foolish smile and a tiny bandage on his temple. He walked with the clumsiness of an overgrown child.
"Blast it, Al," Handriss said, "why couldn't your people have been more careful! He looks as if he might have been intelligent."
Al shrugged. "Do they come here from the past every couple of minutes? He didn't look any different than any other lobey to me."
"I suppose it couldn't be helped," Handriss said. "We've done this man a great wrong. We can wait and reeducate, I suppose. But that seems to be treating him rather shabbily."
"We can't send him back," Al Cramer said.
Handriss stood up, his eyes glowing. "But it is within my authority to grant him one of the Perm setups given me.

They implant him in a "Perm setup":

The bored technicians worked rapidly. They stripped the unprotesting Rufus Maddon, took him inside his cubicle, forced him down onto the foam couch. They rolled him over onto his side, made the usual incision at the back of his neck, carefully slit the main motor nerves, leaving the senses, the heart and lungs intact. They checked the air conditioning and plugged him into the feeding schedule for that bank of Perms.

Including removing his eyelids:

Back in the cubicle the technicians were making the final adjustments. They inserted the sound buttons in Rufus Maddon's ears, deftly removed his eyelids, moved his head into just the right position and then pulled down the deeply concave shining screen so that Rufus Maddon's staring eyes looked directly into it.

And feed him westerns:

T told them to dial him in on the Cowboy series. There's seven years of that now. It'll be more familiar to him.


HomePod iOS 12 demo - Find My iPhone, making/answering a call, and multiple timers.
Demo of the FlickType Pattern Recognition Keyboard and App as of June 21 2018 (Flexy keyboard rises again).
Google Home Demo - What games can I play?


text:
Christian Tutt's 'sweet feet' a revelation at punt returner, nickel for Auburn
Updated Sep 10, 2019; Posted Sep 10, 2019
Christian Tutt makes a long punt return in the first half. Auburn vs Oregon on Saturday Aug. 31 2019 in Dallas, TX Todd Van Emst/AU AthleticsTodd Van Emst/AU Athletics
By Tom Green | tgreen@al.com
As far as nicknames go, Christian Tutt's has gotten better with time.
This offseason, the sophomore defensive back and punt return specialist was dubbed "Quick Feet" by senior safety Jeremiah Dinson. A short time after that, it evolved into "Sweet Feet" — a clear upgrade, thanks to the alliterative nature, at least.
"That's my nickname for him, man," Dinson said last month. "He's improved so much. He improved in the weight room. Like I said I call him Sweet Feet. His feet are good. He's getting smarter. He's gotten in the playbook more this summer. I can't wait for him to show his ability to y'all on Saturday."
Over the first two Saturdays of the season, Tutt has quickly shown why he earned that moniker from Dinson, and why it has stuck. The 5-foot-11, 190-pounder has been a revelation as Auburn's primary punt returner, and he has done well why taking over as the Tigers' starting nickelback.
After competing for the starting job as punt returner throughout the offseason, Tutt secured the role ahead of Auburn's season opener against Oregon. He has had eight return opportunities in two games and is averaging 14.25 yards per return, which is 13th nationally and fourth among punt returners in the SEC.
"We call him Sweet Feet now," cornerback Noah Igbinoghene said. "… He's explosive, and I know y'all have seen him doing punt returns and stuff like that. I can't wait to see what he does going along. He has a bright future ahead. I just can't wait to see."
Tutt long return for the year was a 41-yarder against Oregon in the opener, and last weekend against Tulane he broke off a 22-yarder. Both of them led to scoring opportunities for Auburn's offense, with a field goal against Oregon and a touchdown against Tulane on the drives that followed the long returns.
Tutt's sweet feet and ability to quickly shift directions has paid dividends on punt returns, and he has to this point been an upgrade from last year's primary returner, Ryan Davis, who averaged 9.86 yards per attempt for the season.
"I'm patient and just trying to find a crease," Tutt said. "I have the best blockers in the country. I'm just trying to depend on them and find a crease and get vertical."
Tutt's development at nickel holds the key to Auburn's secondary
Tutt's ability to play nickelback, a position he switched to early last season, is crucial to what Auburn hopes to do on defense in 2019.
While Tutt has been an impact player on special teams thus far, that hasn't been his sole responsibility. He has also shined since taking over as Auburn's starting nickelback.
Auburn moved Javaris Davis from nickelback to cornerback this offseason, where he took over on the outside following the early departure of Jamel Dean. That opened up the opportunity for Tutt to move into the slot, and the sophomore has been solid in the role while being the sole underclassman starting in the Tigers' secondary.
"Being really the only young guy out there it means a lot," Tutt said. "I just have to play to the level of everybody else, all the veteran guys. I know they've got my back. I'm just trying to play for them."
Tutt has recorded seven tackles, with six solo stops, through two games, and he has been pivotal to an Auburn pass defense that has been one of the tops in the SEC this season. The Tigers are third in the conference and 36th nationally in passing yards allowed (172.5). They also rank third in the SEC and 17th in FBS in pass efficiency defense, holding opponents so far to a 96.17 efficiency rating — a number buoyed by the defense holding Tulane to 10-of-34 passing last weekend.
Tutt's early success at nickel has been a product of his development since arriving on campus last year. He had a considerable role on defense as a freshman, appearing in 11 games while making 25 tackles and an interception after moving from cornerback to nickel early on. Defensive coordinator Kevin Steele said last month that Tutt played last year solely "on skillset and knowing our calls" as a freshman, but now Tutt has a better understanding of the defensive scheme and how to read opposing offenses.
It's showing on the field, too.
"We put him in the fire early last year as a true freshman, and we're reaping the benefits now because of that experience," defensive backs coach Marcus Woodson said. "… He's another guy that picked up exactly where he left off in the spring and continues to get better every day."
Just like his nickname.
Tom Green is an Auburn beat reporter for Alabama Media Group. Follow him on Twitter @Tomas_Verde.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: JSON. Не получается прочитать массив Есть вот такой JSON:
{
"results" : [
  {
     "address_components" : [
        {
           "long_name" : "277",
           "short_name" : "277",
           "types" : [ "street_number" ]
        },
        {
           "long_name" : "Bedford Avenue",
           "short_name" : "Bedford Ave",
           "types" : [ "route" ]
        },
        {
           "long_name" : "Williamsburg",
           "short_name" : "Williamsburg",
           "types" : [ "neighborhood", "political" ]
        },
        {
           "long_name" : "Brooklyn",
           "short_name" : "Brooklyn",
           "types" : [ "sublocality", "political" ]
        },
        {
           "long_name" : "Kings",
           "short_name" : "Kings",
           "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_2", "political" ]
        },
        {
           "long_name" : "New York",
           "short_name" : "NY",
           "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
        },
        {
           "long_name" : "United States",
           "short_name" : "US",
           "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
        },
        {
           "long_name" : "11211",
           "short_name" : "11211",
           "types" : [ "postal_code" ]
        }
     ],
     "formatted_address" : "277 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11211, USA",
     "geometry" : {
        "location" : {
           "lat" : 40.714232,
           "lng" : -73.9612889
        },
        "location_type" : "ROOFTOP",
        "viewport" : {
           "northeast" : {
              "lat" : 40.7155809802915,
              "lng" : -73.9599399197085
           },
           "southwest" : {
              "lat" : 40.7128830197085,
              "lng" : -73.96263788029151
           }
        }
     },
     "place_id" : "ChIJd8BlQ2BZwokRAFUEcm_qrcA",
     "types" : [ "street_address" ]
  },

 // ... Additional results truncated in this example[] ...

 ],
"status" : "OK"
 }

Из него надо прочитать formatted_address. Но проблема в том, что их несколько. В примере не вставлял. Вот как добрать и прочитать его? Пробую так:
 JSONArray fa = (JSONArray) resultJson.get("results");

  Iterator i = fa.iterator();

  while (i.hasNext()) {
     JSONObject adr = (JSONObject) i.next();
     String title = (String) adr.get("formatted_address");
     System.out.println(title);
  }

В итоге читаются все formatted_address. А мне надо только первое. Как это реализовать? Спасибо.

A: Обратитесь просто по индексу, зачем вы итерируетесь по всему массиву?
// Получаем весь массив
JSONArray results = resultJson.getJSONArray("results");

// По индексу 0 получаем первый элемент
JSONObject firstResult = results.getJSONObject(0);

// Достаём нужное поле
String formattedAddress = firstResult.getString("formatted_address");

Если массив results может быть пуст, просто добавьте проверку на размер до получения элемента по индексу.
Получаем другие данные:
// Получаем массив 'address_components'
// из первого элемента из массива 'results'
JSONArray addressComponents = firstResult.getJSONArray("address_components");

// Получаем по индексу первый элемент этого массива
JSONObject firstAddressComponent = addressComponents.getJSONObject(0);

// Получаем нужное поле
String longName = firstAddressComponent.getString("long_name");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Vitebsk State University (VSU) in Belarus located in Eastern Europe offers a PRE-MEDICINE PROGRAMME for students in Sri Lanka. The programme is designed to reach students in all circumstances: Students who wish to fast track their career or students who have excelled in their higher academic studies but are unable to meet the subject specific requirements for entry to a local medical university.
Entry to any State Medical University in Belarus, Georgia and Russia.
Opportunity to study in Belarus, Georgia and Russia in various programs – Medicine, Dentistry, Engineering, Pharmacology, Bio Medical Sciences and etc.
Students will obtain training on preliminary courses this provides a firm foundation for a medical degree with a language component.
Five Credit passes for Ordinary Level examination including Math, Science and English Language.
SLMC Eligibility Certificate – Sri Lankan Passport Holders.


text:
Case study: Finding the middle road – grounded approaches to mitigate highway impacts in tiger reserves
By estherconway 3rd June 2015 April 19th, 2018 Conservation Papers
Tigers are one of the world's most endangered large carnivores with an estimated global population of approximately 3200 individuals. They currently occur in 13 countries, representing 7% of their former range (Dinerstein et al. 2007). The survival of tigers in the wild depends largely upon the willingness of the tiger‐range countries to ensure adequate protection of sufficiently large areas from inappropriate development and activities such as roads and poaching. Tigers are threatened by roads and traffic. Research on Amur tigers in Russia suggests that direct mortality due to wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) can reduce survivorship and reproductive success of surviving animals (Kerley et al. 2002). Tigers have been affected in western Malaysia through construction of the North–South highway and another highway that bisected a bottleneck area in Taman Negara National Park (Kawanishi et al. 2010). The current rate of mortality of tigers due to WVC in India appears to be relatively low, with approximately 20 documented tiger deaths in various reserves over the past 15 years (Prakash 2012), although this number is likely an underestimate due to non‐detection or non‐reporting. Furthermore, as the size of the tiger population declines and the road network expands, the direct and indirect effects of mortality due to WVC and fragmentation of tiger habitats will become of greater concern. In addition to direct mortality, the death of individual tigers results in social instability. The death of a territorial male can lead to infighting of transient males trying to establish territories and infanticide by the new territorial male, and it also affects tigresses due to unstable male ranges, possibly leading to depressed birth rates. Axis deer, a principal prey species for tigers in India, are also commonly killed by WVC, resulting in reduced food for tigers. Furthermore, roads are used for illegal activities including hunting of tigers and their prey (see also Chapters 2, 36 and 56). In eastern Russia, at least six Amur tigers were poached over a 10‐year period along one road (Kerley et al. 2002). In 2010, poachers apprehended in southern India confessed to the illegal hunting of axis and other deer species in Bandipur, Bhadra and Biligirirangaswamy Tiger Reserves by driving on roads at night. 318 Handbook of road ecology In India, the National Wildlife Action Plan 2002–2016 (Government of India 2002) specifically prescribed regulation and mitigation measures for threats to wildlife posed by roads. However, there have been few serious attempts to implement the policy on the ground.
Sanjay Gubbi and H.C. Poornesha, Case study: Finding the middle road – grounded approaches to mitigate highway impacts in tiger reserves. Handbook of Road Ecology, First Edition. Edited by Rodney van der Ree, Daniel J. Smith and Clara Grilo. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Read the full paper.
Bengal tigercarnivore conservationconservation paperhabitat fragmentationIndiaroad buildingthreatswildlife mortality
Tiger (Panthera tigris) scent DNA: a valuable conservation tool for individual identification and population monitoring


text:
Development Magazine /
Development magazine Winter 2016/2017 /
Development Ownership /
Microsoft's Commute Program Keeps Employees Moving
Development magazine Winter 2016/2017
By: Brian Crockford, senior services manager and head of Microsoft's Commute program at its corporate headquarters in Redmond, Washington Winter 2016 2017
Microsoft's 89 Connector buses transport employees from 50 locations throughout the Greater Seattle area to its Redmond, Washington, campus.
A corporate program improves the employee commuting experience while reducing the number of cars arriving on campus — and the company's carbon footprint.
IS YOUR DAY punctuated by traffic? Morning and evening, do you sit in your car on congested roadways, wondering if there's enough time to pick up shirts at the dry cleaners and grab something for dinner as the commute gets longer and your "me time" gets shorter? The commute and the search for parking inevitably result in lost time, lost productivity and frustration. In suburban Redmond, Washington, as Microsoft's corporate headquarters has grown, the company has proactively sought ways to mitigate traffic congestion and support both the mobility (and sanity) of its employees and the health of its community and the environment.
Managed by Microsoft's Real Estate and Facilities Group, the company's Commute program has spent the last decade crafting outside-the-box commuter solutions for its employees in an area where public transportation doesn't always serve all locations optimally. Each day, more than 44,400 full-time Microsoft employees and contingent staff commute to the 500-acre campus from dozens of surrounding cities. They come by car, bus, ferry, bike and/or train, sometimes travelling up to two hours each way.
Brian Crockford
The goals of the Commute program, which has evolved since Microsoft established its first shuttle service in the early 1990s, have always been to improve the employee commute experience and significantly reduce the company's carbon footprint. The RE&F Group knew a far-reaching, flexible transportation strategy was inevitable. Then, in 1991, the Washington State Legislature passed the Commute Trip Reduction Law, which called on employers to encourage their workers to drive alone less often and reduce carbon emissions. In 2007, an agreement between the city of Redmond and Microsoft resulted in a transportation management program (TMP) for all Microsoft worksites in Redmond, with the goal of reducing single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) commuting to 60 percent of the corporate population. A lot of work had to be done.
Microsoft hit the ground running, improving commuter choices, expanding employee awareness and calling for employees to take action.
Campus Shuttle Service
Microsoft has long offered an extensive shuttle service. Employees, vendors and guests can board Microsoft Shuttles at designated stops to travel around the campus. They can also book shuttles via phone or app for a customized trip. Now, in 2016, Microsoft offers 198 shuttles and an average seven-minute wait time at all scheduled stops. Far fewer people drive personal cars across campus for meetings; instead, more than 6,000 employees have the option to negotiate campus daily on shuttles.
By the 1990s, parking on the campus was getting tight. By 2000, there just wasn't enough of it; there were too many cars and too few spots. Construction of the West Campus alleviated some parking issues with more surface parking lots and a huge underground garage. This created a temporary parking reprieve. A long-term parking solution has proven more complex. The transportation program has had to tackle commuting itself.
First, for employees who drive to campus, Microsoft rewards those who carpool or vanpool with premier parking spots at their buildings. Vanpoolers also receive a $100/month subsidy. The goals of these rewards are to decrease overall car traffic to the area and to minimize the rate of SOV commuting. Product Manager Nancy Crowell shares, "My vanpool from Skagit Valley gets me to and from campus while I catnap. Thankfully, early morning commutes don't feel quite so early anymore."
Second, Microsoft has devised ways for employees to conveniently commute without cars, by using regional transit passes that provide unlimited rides on public transportation in the Puget Sound area as well as the company's fleet of Connector buses.
Connector Buses
Initially rolled out in 2007, Microsoft's fleet of Connector buses picks up riders at 50 stops around the Greater Seattle area. These commuter buses bring employees to the Redmond campus and return them to their stops at the end of the day. There are now 89 Connector buses in the multi-million dollar Microsoft fleet and over 21 Connector bus routes transporting an average of 1,800 riders on at least three daily round trips per week. Self-driven commutes to campus have been reduced by 5.3 million trips per year. Environmentally speaking, that's a 69.3 million-pound reduction in carbon emissions and a staggering $10.2 million in combined fuel expenses saved by Connector riders.
A lot of thought has gone into making the Connector fleet comfortable and appealing to employees. The busses are equipped with Wi-Fi and 110-volt power at most seats; the three largest buses are also outfitted with Xbox capabilities. Thus it makes little difference whether employees need revving up in the morning or winding down in the afternoon; the Connector buses enable them to relax or focus on work. One employee reports, "I use my commute time on Connector to get a jump on my day. No one interrupts me. The bus is quiet."
Bicycle Rider Reimbursement Program
Microsoft strives to support the lifestyles of employees who bike to work. Both avid cyclists and occasional bike commuters love the cycling program's subsidized tuneups, secure bike cages, showers and towels. An annual Bike to Work Day event inspires more employees to join every year.
All of these programs help Microsoft keep cars off the roads — and eliminate the need for additional parking. Microsoft remains receptive to other ways to reduce its carbon footprint and support employees' healthy lifestyle choices. Over the last few years, for instance, the company has installed 38 Level 2 electric vehicle charging stations on campus with a total of 76 ports, and plans to add more EV stations every year. It is also working to reduce wait times for shuttles and investigating new technologies and programs to expand commuting options. In 2016, Micro- soft retired some older buses and rolled out new, larger vehicles.
Remember those state-legislated SOV requirements? The symbiosis between corporate Microsoft and its employees has successfully reduced the daily SOV commuting rate from 75 percent in 2004 to an impressive 57 percent in 2016.
Microsoft employees regularly report that the Commute program has been a "game changer." Transportation planning has also strengthened the company's ability to recruit prospective talent.
Time is precious; people don't want to waste it commuting. Microsoft has never lost sight of that or of its goals: environmental sustainability, reducing productivity loss and supporting the healthy lifestyles of the community and its employees. All the lights ahead are green, both literally and figuratively.
From the Archives: Development Ownership Articles from the Previous Issue
Touchstone: Small Team Big Impact
Development Magazine Fall 2016
This year's award winner — which prides itself on creating shared value for owners, tenants and the community — developed more than 2 million square feet of space in 2015 with a staff of 10.
The Natural Capitalism Concept Comes to Industrial
Method's new soap factory in Chicago's Pullman neighborhood has resulted in a more profitable, localized supply chain


text:
Corcoran praises Florida schools for quick move to online learning during coronavirus crisis
By Leslie Postal
Students across Central Florida are now doing lessons online as schools are closed to help stop the spread of the new coronavirus. (Orlando Sentinel)
Florida's school districts have done an "amazing" job pivoting to online education just weeks after campuses were shuttered to control the spread of the new coronavirus, Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran said Wednesday.
Corcoran, speaking at a State Board of Education meeting held by telephone, said he was impressed with the work of Florida's school superintendents and wanted to give "tremendous credit to the entire education community in the state of Florida."
The closing of school campuses caused widespread disruptions to education in Florida and will cause ongoing challenges, particularly for students already struggling academically, Corcoran said. All schools in Florida are now closed at least through May 1.
But Corcoran told the board he was pleased how quickly the state's 67 school districts moved to make "distance learning" available to the state's public school students.
Like counterparts across the state, Central Florida's public schools began online lessons Monday.
The Florida Virtual School, the state's public online school, will be expanding its capacity, Corcoran added, so that by early May it could educate about 2.7 million students — nearly all of Florida's public school students. It could spend about $4 million on the expansion, but he said the money would come from "existing resources."
The virtual school also has made 100 of its courses available free to public and private schools through May, and it is now training more than 3,400 teachers who wanted help learning how to teach online.
Local school districts at this point are using their own curriculum and content, rather than FLVS, however, as they now educate their students largely via laptops. So far, the virtual school said three charter schools have asked to use its courses.
Online learning had a glitchy start across the region Monday, with many students and teachers struggling to access their district's online sites. The districts worked to boost capacity on their servers and fix other problems and by Wednesday morning they said thousands were working successfully online.
More than 73,000 log-ins were recorded Tuesday in the Lake County school district, for example, and the Seminole County school district noted that by Wednesday it was mostly fielding minor questions about lost passwords rather than significant ones about "network, infrastructure, or application access issues."
A weekly update on health news in Florida.
The Orange County school district, the region's largest, said it also had seen a sharp drop-off in reported problems.
When the system started to slow again — as happened about 9:15 a.m. Tuesday — Orange district staff were able to make adjustments and get it moving again. By the end of the day Tuesday, more than 370,000 people had used Canvas, the district's online academic platform.
The nation's health scare has forced school districts to "navigate a place we've never been," said Kurt Browning, superintendent of the Pasco County school district and president of the Florida Association of District School Superintendents, who spoke at the state board meeting.
The public schools moved quickly to distribute laptops to students who needed them and also hot spot devices to families without internet service and then to get lesson plans meant for in-person instruction ready to be taught remotely.
"The COVID-19 virus has literally sidelined all the normal work of school districts," Browning said. "This is the only thing districts have been working on for the past 2 and a half weeks."
The goal is to keep education moving, though educators also are realistic. "I do believe that when school resumes in August, we'll have some catching up to do," Browning told the board.
lpostal@orlandosentinel.com


The Beginners Guide and The Counter Intuitive Course are two new events aimed at people who support people with profound and multiple learning disabilities. They are sister events, the first for people new to their role, the latter for those more experienced in their role.
Booking is via Eventbrite and there are discount tickets available for groups of three people attending together. Invoice options are available too.


Today I'll show you how to get Google to "crawl" your website in order to be ranked high and viewed by as many people as possible. This Google Webmasters and WordPress quick guide will help you step-by-step.
As soon as you've published your new post, follow the steps below and your new page will be ranked by Google literally within minutes. Not on the 1st page easily, but depending how long-tailed the key phrase is, it is possible for your post to be ranked on the 1st page of Google in a short period of time.
As I mentioned in the title, I hope this post is particularly useful for WordPress users. The first section shows how to create a sitemap using a WordPress plugin.
A Sitemap is a file that lists all the URLs for a site, allowing search engines (Google Bing, Yahoo) to crawl the site intelligently.
You would have a complete SEO WordPress plugin such as All In One SEO or Yoast SEO. If not, installing one of these two is highly recommended. I personally prefer Yoast – setting up is a little more complicated than the All In One, but it gives you more versatility and in-depth analysis of your web posts.
Under the menu, click "Feature Manager", and activate "XML Sitemaps".
"XML Sitemap" will appear in the menu on the left. Click it.
Scroll down the main window where it says XML Sitemap > Filename Prefix, just type in "sitemap". Click "Update Sitemap" (there is a button either side towards the top and the bottom of the screen).
Open a new browser tab, type in yoursite.com/sitemap.xml and you'll be able to see your sitemap, i.e. list of your web pages. This is the file that needs to be submitted to Google, which I'll explain in a minute.
Under the SEO menu – click XML Sitemaps.
Click this button ("XML Sitemap"), and it will open a new tab for you to view your Sitemap files, created already.
With Yoast, there are several sub-sitemap files under the sitemap index file. The address in the new tab should show yoursite.com/sitemap_index.xml. And this is the file that should be submitted to Google, explained to you below.
Now go to https://www.google.com/webmasters, and log in to your Google account.
Next add your website address.
Enter your site name without www (e.g. http://yoursite.com) and click "Add Property".
Once your website's been added, the Webmaster will ask you to verify that you are the owner of the site.
With "Recommended method", unfortunately you'll likely to receive an error message if using All In One SEO or Yoast SEO (you could try, as it's the easiest option). My recommended method is to go for an alternative method.
Highlight this entire code <meta name="google-site……………..> and copy. This code needs to be pasted onto your header section.
Now go back to your WordPress.
Under Appearance menu, click Editor.
On the right-hand menu, click to choose "Theme Header".
The code in the Google Webmaster that you copied needs to be inserted within <head> </head> tag, therefore find where it says < /head>, about 1/3 down from the top.
Now go back to Google Webmaster again and click the red "Verify" button. Your site ownership should now be verified.
Now in the left-hand menu, you'll find "Sitemaps" under "Crawl". Here you can test your sitemap, and then add it.
Click the red "Add/Test Sitemap" button on the right.
Here, you type in your sitemap file name, as explained in the beginning. If you use All In One SEO, type in sitemap.xml and click "Test". I use Yoast SEO, so I type in sitemap_index.xml as shown.
If there's no error found, like shown above, then do it again – click the "Add/Test Sitemap" button again, type in sitemap.xml or sitemap_index.xml and click Submit.
If a sitemap error is found, it will show you which page the error contains. It's likely that there is a dead link in the page, and you need to go back to WordPress and check the links in that particular page.
In the left-hand menu under "Google index", you'll find "Remove URLs", where you can request to remove any particular URL with broken link. Google will reanalyse the link and remove the URL from your sitemap.
After the sitemap submission, your website will be indexed by Google within 24 hours. You only need to submit your sitemap once. Thereafter, you only need to resubmit it when you've made a major change to your website such as the URL structure.
Now this is something you need to do every time you've published a new article. It may sound like a job to do, but after a few times it will become a second nature to you. As soon as you publish a new post, log straight in to Google Webmaster and submit!
Under "Crawl" menu on the right, click "Fetch as Google".
In the box, enter the permalink of your post. That is any words and "/-" that follow your website URL, for example, http://yoursite.com/your-post.
"Desktop" or "Mobile" – most likely leave this bit as Desktop, as you've created and published your post in WordPress on desktop. If posted using a smartphone device, you need to change it accordingly.
I don't use "Fetch and Render" button as I don't have any complex plugins using external resources to my site. After Fetch and Render, the Webmaster will show you two images; one that Google will see and the other one that your visitor will see. But shown below, there's no difference in between the two for my home page.
Fetch and Render is useful to diagnose crawling errors that may cause a poor performance in search results. So if your article has been submitted to Google via Webmaster, but strangely unranked, this is something you can do to see if there are any errors.
Congratulations, now you have submitted your published post to Google, and you will hopefully see it ranked somewhere in the Google Search, providing the sitemap has already been indexed and crawled. Leave it for 15 minutes or so and see if it's there. If not, keep checking over the next few hours – few days.
Any questions, don't hesitate to leave your comment below.


Behind Hotone Audio is a group of people passionate about music. We are a highly experienced international team that combines professional expertise with legit artistic spirit. We have one goal in mind: Create hot sonic tools to take your inspiration to the next level. We are motivated by technological innovation, we see excellence in quality as a competitive strength and we believe in outstanding service as the foundation to provide every musician with a sensational experience. As ideas become designs, the Hotone team buckles down to create products the music world has always wanted but never before imagined possible. Expect from Hotone products innovation, ingenuity and always great tone.


Angela "LemurKat" Oliver was born and raised in New Zealand. She currently resides in the city of Christchurch where she lives with her husband and overactive imagination. Having achieved a degree in zoology and psychology, she went on to get a job working in a bookstore. Thus, her life revolves around books – she sells them, reads them and writes them. She is also an illustrator, and has created miniature works of art which she distributes around the world (into over 80 countries so far!), as well as designing and illustrating book covers and interiors for herself, and for others. She has also created the ZooTrophy trading card game and has spent the last two-and-a-half years illustrating an animal-a-day.
Currently she has independently published two novels, Aroha's Grand Adventure: the adventures of a weka (that's a flightless New Zealand bird) as she walks home from Christchurch to Greymouth, making many new friends and a few fiends along the way, as well as dealing with natural (and unnatural) disasters; and the first in her "epic lemur saga", Fellowship of the Ringtails. Set in an alternate-world Madagascar, where the sentient lifeforms are lemurs, with stone-age technology, it is the story of Aurelia, the illegitimate heir to the throne. Raised by a humble fishing tribe, pursued by vicious hunters, she seeks sanctuary with the enigmatic Karazana lemurs, but will she find them in time? The second in the series will hopefully be released next year (2017), all things going to plan (as long as the characters co-operate).
Whilst not all of her stories would be considered traditionally "Furry", Angela rarely writes (purely) human protagonists, and all of her stories will include at least one animal companion. Her short story, "Invasion of the Fittest", a story about pioneer stoats invading the Milford Sounds (an anthropomorphic re-telling of an ecological disaster), was published in the South Fur Lands fanzine, and her dark fable, "The Birth of Niamh", can be found in the anthology Reflections. She also regularly blogs on self-publishing (and other things) for the Christchurch Writers' Guild (http://chchwriters.org) and is an active (sometimes opinionated) book reviewer on Goodreads.


text:
La  de la Coupe du monde de biathlon démarre le  par des épreuves individuelles (individuel) pour les hommes et les femmes organisées à Kontiolahti (Finlande). Les championnats du monde de biathlon se déroulent au début du mois de février à Östersund en Suède tandis que la saison s'achève mi-mars à Oslo (Norvège).

La pré-saison est marquée par le retrait de plusieurs biathlètes s'étant illustrés au cours des dernières années. Chez les hommes, le double vainqueur du classement général de la Coupe du monde et quadruple champion olympique Sven Fischer ou le Français Raphaël Poirée, quadruple vainqueur de la Coupe du monde et octuple champion du monde, ont annoncé leur retraite après plus de dix années au plus haut niveau. L'Allemand Ricco Gross, multiple champion olympique et champion du monde a également raccroché après la saison 2006-2007. Chez les femmes, la championne olympique française Florence Baverel-Robert ou la Norvégienne Linda Grubben multiple médaillée dans les grands rendez-vous, ont également pris leur retraite.

Classements

Classement général
Le classement général prend en compte seulement les vingt-trois meilleurs résultats de chaque biathlète sur les vingt-six épreuves.

Classement par discipline

Individuel
Le classement de l'individuel prend en compte seulement les deux meilleurs résultats de chaque biathlète sur les trois épreuves.

Sprint
Le classement du sprint prend en compte seulement les neuf meilleurs résultats de chaque biathlète sur les dix épreuves.

Poursuite
Le classement de la poursuite prend en compte seulement les sept meilleurs résultats de chaque biathlète sur les huit épreuves.

Mass start
Le classement de la mass-start prend en compte seulement les quatre meilleurs résultats de chaque biathlète sur les cinq épreuves.

Relais
Le classement du relais prend en compte seulement les quatre meilleurs résultats de chaque nation sur les cinq épreuves.

Calendrier et podiums

Femmes

Hommes

Mixte

Annexes

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Calendrier et résultats de la coupe du monde de biathlon 2007-2008, site de l'Union internationale de biathlon.

Coupe du monde de biathlon
Biathlon
Biathlon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As the shift of business is turning more toward customer satisfaction, call centers have become more important now than ever before. Call centers offer over-the-phone service and support to your customers and will only continue to improve in the way they function in the coming years. If you've ever considered using a call center for inbound or outbound call center services for your business, now is an excellent time to start.
There are four main areas call centers are projected to continue to improve in the coming years. These advancements will allow a customer to have the best experience possible, proving the need for call centers will always be present.
We live in a world that is driven by technology, so naturally, technology will play a large role in the future of the call center. Many people today prefer to avoid speaking directly with a customer service representative, and would much rather ask their questions and take care of business through the use of an automated system, or even online. Call centers will continue to adapt to the ever-changing needs of your customers, working to offer more non-verbal modes of communication to meet their needs.
The Cloud has already changed the way call centers are able to do business, making it easier for people to take calls from remote locations. Being able to eliminate a large call center completely, or even just downsize the main hub location, makes more fiscal sense, as it allows you to cut costs and save money. As call center outsourcing becomes increasingly easier to do, you will only see the cost of operation continue to decrease.
With so much personal information gathered about them in every transaction, customers are beginning to expect companies to use that information to know them better and anticipate their needs. Future call centers will offer customers service that is constantly improving and adapting, providing service that is catered to fit their specific needs so they can see that your company values their business. In addition to this, more multilingual options will allow non-English speaking customers to have a better experience.
In the past, call center services have been comprised of employees who are oftentimes anything but an expert when it come to the company they're taking calls for, knowing very little about their business practices or the products they offer. This practice has understandably caused lots of anger and frustration among customers.
Changes are already underway to ensure employees in your businesses' call center consist only of knowledgeable employees who care about your customers, and keep customer satisfaction and loyalty their main focus.
There will always be a need for the personalized service of a call center, even as times and expectations change.
Click here to request a free quote from ROI Solutions today!


Researchers noted transmissions of specific sensitive data, such as a user's drug list, that could de-identify the user and be repurposed for commercial uses.
After creating dummy accounts on highly-rated Android medical apps and analyzing their traffic, an investigation published Wednesday in BMJ found that nearly four in five shared users' data with outside entities. What's more, the Australian research team determined that several of those groups receiving the user information would likely be able to aggregate the data and use it to pinpoint a specific individual.
Among the 24 apps selected from the top of the Google Play store, researchers found that 19 (79 percent) shared users' data with 55 different first-party and third-party entities. All but three of these apps transmitted data such as device name, browsing behavior and email address outside of the app, and two-thirds of the entities receiving the data are affiliated with collection for advertising or other analytics services.
Six percent of the 104 transmissions identified and analyzed by the researchers were sent in plain text, with at least three of the health apps leaking some kind of user data in clear text. In some cases, the researchers noted transmissions of specific sensitive data, such as a user's drug list, that could feasibly be repurposed and sold to companies looking to commercialize these data. Also of note, 19 of the apps (79 percent) requested permission to read or write from the device, 11 (46 percent) to view WiFi connections, seven (29 percent) to read the device's cellular status and identity, and 25 percent to access the user's approximate or precise location.
The researchers used a crawling tool and other recommendations to identify 821 free and paid medical apps, each of which was screened by name and inclusion criteria such as availability to Australian consumers, relationship to medicine or care, interactivity, in-app requests of at least one "dangerous" permission and more. From there, the team created dummy accounts to conduct a traffic analysis of the shared data as well as a content and network analysis of the entities to which the data was being sent.
A number of investigations have sounded the horn on data security and privacy concerns in health apps, especially in light of recent headlines on Strava, Polar and others' GPS-related woes.
In February, for instance, one study found that many health apps were insecure and did not conform to GDRP's specifications, while a more recent project found similar issues among mental health apps. Xcertia, a standards and guidelines body for mobile apps, recently updated its draft guidance on privacy and security for health app designers at this year's HIMSS conference.


Patients, family and staff across Greater Glasgow and Clyde are being encouraged to have a 'What matters to you?' conversation this week.
Awareness raising days are being held across the board's hospitals aiming to build on last year's success by leading to more meaningful conversations between those who provide and receive health and social care all year round.
More than 700 teams across 11 countries – as widespread as New Zealand and Canada - took part in the day which highlights work to improve health and social care by really understanding the important things in people's lives.
Our staff are at the forefront of the international movement having played a leading role in its development and growing success.
There were activities across all NHSGGC hospitals featuring information stands, stickers, badges, postcards and staff helping develop awareness of the importance of the What Matters to You approach.
Dr Margaret McGuire, nurse director, said: "What Matters to You Day has been another great success and has been celebrated across our hospitals.
"It really is a wonderful opportunity for patients and visitors to meet with staff and really understand the huge benefits of person centred care.
"We know from our experience, and growing international evidence, that focusing on what really matters to people can play a large part in the quality and effectiveness of their care in our hospitals.
"This type of approach can help staff and patients in a range of ways. It helps to establish a relationship, but it also helps staff to understand the person and the things that are most important to them. As a result, staff are in a much better position to work with the person to find the best way forward for them.


text:
The of speech. Reed McConnell, an author for
Topic: Health › Disease
Sample donated: Felicia Marsh
The First Amendment. One of our most basic rights as citizens of the United States of America granted to us from the Bill of Rights.
It protects our right to practice our own religion, our right to assemble, but most importantly, our right to freedom of speech. However, because the First Amendment allows all speech, hate speech has always been an issue in the eyes of the general public, especially when it happens on college campuses. Take the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity at Oklahoma University, for example. The frat was heard singing racist chants directed towards African-Americans on a bus where, upon investigation, two students were expelled for leading said chant.
Public outcry for incidents such as this force people to make hard decisions. Should they tolerate it or should they reprimand those involved? In light of situations such as this, colleges are tend to take drastic measures, such as implementing speech codes (to limit hate speech, maintain peace, and be politically correct). Is this a viable response to a controversy of our most basic right? Should students, or even the general public, be silenced when it comes down to it? Where do we draw the line? I believe that, contrary to popular belief, hate speech should not be limited. Instead of limiting our rights, we should learn how to respond properly in the face of degradation. University administrators often refer to speech codes as "necessary" countermeasures for preventing offensive and derogatory speech on their campuses. They further claim that it is the only way to prevent discrimination in terms of speech. Reed McConnell, an author for the Harvard Crimson, sides with college administrators, stating that "laws that restrict hate speech simply seek to prevent violence against oppressed groups in order to prevent them from becoming further marginalized and oppressed" (McConnell). Although McConnell's claim may be viable to an extent, the true solution to the problem does not lie in protecting targeted groups, but how to respond to it.
As such, I disagree with McConnell's and the administrators' questionable view that speech codes will eliminate hate speech. 'Precautions' such as this will only silence the speech, not resolve it. Even the Supreme Court has "held that First Amendment protections on campus are necessary for the preservation of our democracy" (FIRE).
Speech codes neither eradicate the issue nor allow us to engage in constructive dialogue. Students will continue to voice hateful or harmful speech behind closed doors as their views and mindsets remain unchanged, rendering speech codes ineffective. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), an organization that works to preserve the individual's rights and liberties, explains why speech codes are not effective at all. They claim that "in order to cure the disease", universities (and other establishments as a whole) must "do the hard work" (ACLU) to improve diversity on the campuses, not resort to speech codes. In the past, diverse social groups have proven to propose a variety of views, ideas, and unique perspectives. Although they are more likely to foster difficult conversations, they are essential to fixing issues at the source rather than trying to silence a group. The Supreme Court further develops this argument with their ruling from the Matal V.
Tam case. In a unanimous decision, the Court upheld that "The idea that the government may restrict speech expressing ideas that offend..
.strikes at the heart of the First Amendment" (Volokh). By implementing speech codes that limit the kind of speech students can engage in, the university, and more specifically its administrators, are stripping their students of their First Amendment. As humans, we grow up with certain views based on our own upbringing, experiences, and perceptions from our friends, family, and the media. When our views are challenged, our immediate inclination is to disagree and fight for our belief, regardless of whether it is right or wrong. The inability to open up to new ideas and perspectives related to social stereotypes and discrimination diverts attention away from "serving the rights of persecuted groups" (ACLU). For instance, Erika Christakis, an administrator at Yale, caused some controversy when she sent out an email to all of the students around Halloween time, claiming that students should be "able to wear what they want, even if they end up offending people" (Stack) in response to another admin's email barring any student from wearing seemingly offensive garb. Christakis's email also centered around how preventing "cultural insensitivity" (Bria Godley qtd.
from Friedersdorf) threatened the students' freedom of speech. However, students, and other administrators alike, did not agree with her point of view. The students were outraged, calling for her resignation as she failed to create a "safe space" for them (Stack). Bria Godley, a Yale student herself, disagreed with Christakis's opinion, claiming that offensive Halloween costumes "perpetuated negative stereotypes", causing the "offended" to either repress or retaliate, endangering the students' "freedom of speech" (qtd. from Friedersdorf). Furthermore, Godley expressed her dislike with the societal tendencies to avoid talking about race, gender, and cultural stereotypes due to the fear of condemnation. Godley wants society to confront "implicit biases" (qtd.
From Friedersdorf) and to "acknowledge their devastating effects" (qtd. From Friedersdorf). I believe Godley is correct in her views on how to respond to this issue in the community. The more reluctant we are to engage in honest dialogue, the less likely we are to confront and combat hate speech. The fear of being ostracized outweighs our willingness to partake in uncomfortable conversations.
Although we have the opportunity to erase this 'uncomfortable dialogue' by allowing discourse of controversial views "without the fear of reprimand" (Howard), we need to learn "to push past our discomfort" in order to even think to begin the journey of "reconciliation"(Bria Godley qtd. from Friedersdorf).If colleges continue to censor speech as they do now, they will "merely drive biases underground where they can't be addressed" (American Civil Liberties Union). Such actions are far more likely to patch up social prejudices and hateful conversations as opposed to eradicating them altogether. The college campus setting was meant for students to expose themselves to diversity and become educated about different kinds of cultures. College also provides the opportunity to have conversations about ethnicity, race, gender, and many other uncomfortable topics. This is only possible, however, with unrestricted free speech.
As soon as speech codes are set in place, limiting what people can say, the existence of fruitful and meaningful discussions such as these become threatened. We must pursue this opportunity to continue constructive social discourse: the practical long term solution in the age old question of order versus freedom. Robert Zimmer, president at the University of Chicago, has a point of view that supports my argument. Zimmer claims that as students question each other, they would challenge "arguments and conclusions" and "demand an ability to rethink one's own assumptions". Derek Black's experience about social discourse further strengthens my case and provides the outline of the path we must adopt in order to combat hate speech.
Black, former member of the White Nationalistic Committee, was able change his views about people of color because other students of different cultures engaged in meaningful conversation with him. He summarized his reformed views by stating, "I can't support a movement that tells me I can't be a friend to whomever I wish or that other people's races require me to think of them in a certain way or be suspicious at their advancements"(qtd. from Saslow). Black's example proves that social transformation stands a chance, but it requires time and patience.
If free expression is limited in college, students will won't engage in discourse on controversial topics, leaving everyone to their own devices without any confrontation. Let students divulge in constructive social conversation and hate speech will gradually become minimized. Hate speech has risen over the years and speech codes have had no effect apart from limiting the students' free speech. We can change this, but we need more discourse on campus. We need people with opposing views to come together and talk about the issue.
Try to understand why they believe what they do. How they came to be like this. And at the very least, try to sympathize with it. Why wait any longer? Start today. Let's remove speech codes, remove fear, introduce controversial discussions. Don't silence a group because of their ideals. It goes against one of the basic principles this country was founded upon. Although it will take patience and effort, it must be done.
Nothing good comes with ease. And while it seems counter-intuitive that allowing all kinds of unchecked speech is beneficial, the quicker we learn that this is the only way to escape the echo chamber that is the college campus, the better.
Introduction construct upon others.[4] Passionate arguments based on
TITLE degree of Master of Philosophy in Applied
CTC civil rights movement.South America was more segregated
Awareness was circulated among students. The survey was
Previous post Abraham Lincoln and the…
Next post Many Loves: the Love…


President George Manneh George has sent a message of congratulations to the Government and people of the Lebanese Republic on the occasion commemorating the 75th Independence Anniversary of that country.
Lebanese Independence Day is the National Day of Lebanon celebrated on November 22 in commemoration of the end of the French Mandate over that country in 1943, after 23 years of Mandate rule.
On this day in 1943, Lebanon's constitutionally elected leaders were released from detention by French occupation forces after their commanders backed down and accepted the independence of Lebanon.
President Weah indicated that as Liberia joins Lebanon and her compatriots in observing their historic occasion, it is his utmost prayer that the bonds of friendship and cooperation so happily subsisting between both countries in the spirit of continued mutual cooperation and partnership will be fostered for the development of our peoples.
He then prayed that the Almighty Allah will continue to endow President Michel Aoun with abundant wisdom, strength and good health as he leads his people to nobler heights.


In my work I create paintings and collages of improbable disrupted landscapes, using the ubiquitous iconography of the family album. The photograph acts as a trigger for recollection, a record of lived experience and an autobiographical clue.
Photographs extend the life expectancy of the transitory moment and act as a souvenir; memory maker and memory keeper. Though the images are private, they are shaped by the conventions and the technology of the time so have a cultural familiarity. In this way, personal histories exist as a part of a wider public narrative.
Process is key to my work. I select, photocopy, splice and amalgamate pairs of images and from these I paint onto aluminium plates, redolent of the material history and objectness of the photograph. Using a muted palette, the melancholic tones allude to a temporal movement receding back in time. I work on a small scale as this references the photographic source material and creates a more intimate viewing experience.


text:
Preprint essd-2022-264
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-264
Status: a revised version of this preprint is currently under review for the journal ESSD.
C-band Scatterometer (CScat): the first global long-term satellite radar backscatter data set with a C-band signal dynamic
Shengli Tao1, Zurui Ao2, Jean-Pierre Wigneron3, Sassan Saatchi4, Philippe Ciais5, Jérôme Chave6, Thuy Le Toan7, Pierre-Louis Frison8, Xiaomei Hu1, Chi Chen9, Lei Fan10, Mengjia Wang11, Jiangling Zhu1, Xia Zhao12, Xiaojun Li3, Xiangzhuo Liu3, Yanjun Su12, Tianyu Hu12, Qinghua Guo13, Zhiheng Wang1, Zhiyao Tang1, Yi Liu14, and Jingyun Fang1 Shengli Tao et al. Shengli Tao1, Zurui Ao2, Jean-Pierre Wigneron3, Sassan Saatchi4, Philippe Ciais5, Jérôme Chave6, Thuy Le Toan7, Pierre-Louis Frison8, Xiaomei Hu1, Chi Chen9, Lei Fan10, Mengjia Wang11, Jiangling Zhu1, Xia Zhao12, Xiaojun Li3, Xiangzhuo Liu3, Yanjun Su12, Tianyu Hu12, Qinghua Guo13, Zhiheng Wang1, Zhiyao Tang1, Yi Liu14, and Jingyun Fang1
1Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2Beidou Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528000, China
3ISPA, UMR 1391, Inrae Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, Grande Ferrade, Villenave d'Ornon, France
4Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
5Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-surYvette, France
6CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, IRD, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), 31062 Toulouse, France
7Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère, CNRS-CNES-UPS-IRD, Toulouse, France
8LaSTIG, Université Gustave Eiffel, ENSG, IGN, F-77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France
9Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
10Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
11School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, 450001, China
12State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
13Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
14School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
Received: 01 Aug 2022 – Discussion started: 15 Aug 2022
Abstract. Satellite radar backscatter contains unique information on land surface moisture, vegetation features, and surface roughness, and can be acquired in all weather conditions, thus has been used in a range of earth science disciplines. However, there is no single global radar data set that spans more than two decades. This has limited the use of radar data for trend analysis over extended time intervals. We here provide the first long-term (since 1992), high resolution (~8.9 km) satellite radar backscatter data set over global land areas, the C-band Scatterometer (CScat) data set, by fusing signals from European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS, 1992–2001, C-band, 5.3 GHz), Quick Scatterometer (QSCAT, 1999–2009, Ku-band, 13.4 GHz), and the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT, since 2007, C-band, 5.255 GHz).
The six-year data gap between C-band ERS and ASCAT was filled out by modelling an equivalent C-band signal during 1999–2009 from Ku-band QSCAT signals and climatic information. Towards this purpose, we first rescaled the signals from different sensors, pixel by pixel, using a new signal rescaling method that is robust to limited overlapping observations among sensors. We then corrected the monthly signal differences between the C-band and the scaled Ku-band signals, by modelling the signal differences from climatic variables (i.e., monthly precipitation, skin temperature, and snow depth) using decision tree regression.
The quality of the merged radar signal was assessed by computing the Pearson r, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and relative RMSE (rRMSE) between the C-band and the corrected Ku-band signals in the overlapping years (1999–2001 and 2007–2009). We obtained high Pearson r values and low RMSE values at both the regional (r ≥ 0.93, RMSE ≤ 0.16, rRMSE ≤0.37) and pixel levels (median r across pixels ≥ 0.80, median RMSE ≤ 0.38, median rRMSE ≤ 0.64), suggesting high accuracy for the data merging procedure.
The merged radar signal was then validated with a continuous ERS-2 data set available between 1995 and 2011. ERS-2 stopped working in full mode after 2001 but observations are occasionally available for a subset of the pixels until 2011. Because the period of 1995–2011 fully overlaps with the working period of QSCAT (1999–2009), comparing the merged radar signal against the ERS-2 data in 1995–2011 is the most direct validation available. We found concordant monthly dynamics between the merged radar signals and the ERS-2 signals during 1995–2011, with Pearson r value ranging from 0.79 to 0.98 across regions. These results evidenced that our merged radar data have a consistent C-band signal dynamic.
The CScat data set (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20407857, Tao et al. 2022a) is expected to advance our understanding of the long-term changes in, e.g., global vegetation and soil moisture. The data set will be updated on a regular basis.
How to cite. Tao, S., Ao, Z., Wigneron, J.-P., Saatchi, S., Ciais, P., Chave, J., Le Toan, T., Frison, P.-L., Hu, X., Chen, C., Fan, L., Wang, M., Zhu, J., Zhao, X., Li, X., Liu, X., Su, Y., Hu, T., Guo, Q., Wang, Z., Tang, Z., Liu, Y., and Fang, J.: C-band Scatterometer (CScat): the first global long-term satellite radar backscatter data set with a C-band signal dynamic, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-264, in review, 2022.
Supplement (878 KB)
Shengli Tao et al.
Status: final response (author comments only)
Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
Login for authors/topical editors Subscribe to comment alert
RC1: 'Comment on essd-2022-264', Anonymous Referee #1, 12 Sep 2022
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2022-264/essd-2022-264-RC1-supplement.pdf
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-264-RC1
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Shengli Tao, 14 Sep 2022
This work developed a monthly global long-term satellite radar C-band backscatter data set (CScat) by fusion of ERS-1(C-band), QSCAT (Ku-band) and ASCAT(C-band) observations using a new rescaling method. Maybe the CScat data set has useful in analysis and understanding of some global surface parameters (e.g., vegetation and soil moisture). But the temporal resolution is little low. And, there are some main problems of this manuscript:
Response: We thank Referee #1 for reviewing our manuscript. All the received comments have been carefully considered. The review is overall beneficial for improving our research, and we very much appreciate this chance to discuss with Referee #1 on some potentially unclear parts of our manuscript. Below please find a point-by-point reply. A full revision will be available once comments from all referees are received.
1) The signals of Ku-band (13.4GHz) and C-band (5.3GHz) microwave is different. Theoretically, comparing the Ku-band, the X-band and C-band have more similar frequency. Authors choose the Ku-band to fill up the six-year gap of the C-band scatterometer, not choose the X-band, L-band. It is no reasonable explanation here. In addition, authors did not choose data of the same C-band satellite radar data for fusion. It is better using same C-band radar data for fusion. For example, ERS-1/2, ASCAT, Sentinel-1 and GF-3 et al. The results of microwave data merging using the same microwave C-band have greater application significance compared with different microwave bands.
Response: Thanks. We fully agree that Ku-band and C-band signal dynamics are different, but we believe this is exactly why our research is potentially valuable: we successfully developed an approach to adjust the Ku-band signals into C-band signal dynamics.
Referee #1 asked why X-band or C-band data were not used for filling the six-year (2001-2007) data gap between ERS and ASCAT. We appreciate that this point might have not been made clear enough in the manuscript, thus will address it in full during revision.
The answer to Referee #1's question is: as far as we know, there is no such data at the global scale. Referee #1 first mentioned X-band data. However, the only X-band sensor covering the entire period of 2001-2007 is TRMM TMI. Unfortunately, TMI is only available for tropical regions. Since we aimed at producing a global dataset, TMI was not used.
Referee #1 then mentioned C-band Sentinel-1 and GF-3. However, Sentinel-1 and GF-3 are available since 2014 and 2016, respectively, thus cannot be used to bridge the data gap of 2001-2007.
2) For the developed new rescaling method, the comparison analysis in Figure 3 is not enough with CDF method in only two sites. And, Is the new rescaling method developed by authors only applicable to Ku-band correction? Can X-band and L-band data also be fused with C-band using this new rescaling method?
Response: Indeed, we showed only two examples in Fig. 3. We will provide more examples during revision to address this concern. Meanwhile, we emphasize that we have placed an utmost emphasis on transparency, including making all the results fully available for anyone to inspect the merged signals.
The new scaling method relied only on the mean and the std of the overlapping observations between two microwave sensors. It's therefore theoretically applicable to other microwave sensors as long as overlapping observations are presented. Because our research deals with C-band and Ku-band signals, we tested the new scaling method on these two kinds of signals. Referee #1 mentioned X-band and L-band data but didn't specify the name of such data. We will be glad to test further our method if Referee #1 could provide more details here.
3) I think the validation of CScat data set is not sufficient if authors only used ERS-2 data as validation data for CScat. I suggested that the authors consider using the C-band observation data of airborne or other satellite/sensor different ERS-1/2 as comparison data. And, I doubt the reliability of the validation results of CScat data set. Authors used the ERS-1 observation radar signals to correct the Ku-band signals of QSCAT, and used the ERS-2 signals to validate the corrected Ku-band data. Because the satellite parameters and sensor parameters of ERS-1 and ERS-2 are the quite same, the observation radar signals of ERS-1 and ERS-2 are very similar at the same place and time. This may be the reason for the very high correlation coefficient in Figure 9.
Response: We believe there is a misunderstanding of our method here, thus respectfully disagree. Referee #1's statement, "Authors used the ERS-1 observation radar signals to correct the Ku-band signals of QSCAT", is unfortunately incorrect: we did not use ERS-1 to correct the Ku-band signals.
Instead, we used C-band ERS-2 (1996-2001) and ASCAT (2007-2020) to adjust the Ku-band QSCAT (1999-2009) into C-band signal dynamics, based on overlapping observations in the years of 1999-2001 (between ERS-2 and QSCAT) and 2007-2009 (between ASCAT and QSCAT).
To check whether Ku-band QSCAT signals have been well adjusted into C-band dynamics, the best validation data should be a continuous C-band time series extending through our study period---This is exactly what we did with Fig. 9: although ERS-2 stopped working in full mode after 2001, observations are occasionally available for a subset of global pixels until 2011. Comparing our merged radar signal against this long-term but spatially incomplete ERS-2 dataset is the strictest validation we can perform.
Referee #1 suggested "…the authors consider using the C-band observation data of airborne or other satellite/sensor different ERS-1/2 as comparison data". Again, we will be glad to perform the validation if Referee #1 can specify where to obtain such validation data.
4) The English language of manuscript needs to be polished. The abstract of this manuscript is too long. For the introduction of this manuscript, the research background for active microwave fusion or rescaling study is not sufficient. In 110 lines, is there any other studies that show that the Ku-band QSCAT signal can be adjusted to the ERS observations except the author's own research (i.e., Tao et al.,2002b)? I suggest that the abstract and introduction of this manuscript need to be rewritten.
Response: Thank you. Regarding English writing, we would appreciate if Referee #1 can point out directly which sentences are unclear. We will address them during revision.
Referee #1 pointed out that the abstract is too long. Indeed, the abstract is longer than requested by other journals. However, before submitting our paper, we double-checked the submission guideline of ESSD, and found no limitation on the length of the abstract. We therefore choose to write a relatively long abstract to make our methods and results as clear as possible. Per suggestion of Referee #1, we will try to shorten the abstract.
Regarding the Introduction, we appreciate the suggestion that more background for fusing active microwave data is needed, and we will revise accordingly. We would also like to mention that, as far as we know, our research is the first to merge active microwave signals at the global scale. We have successfully merged signals from the same sensors (ERS, QSCAT, and ASCAT) for global tropics (Tao et al. 2020b). Referee #1 questioned "is there any other studies that show that the Ku-band QSCAT signal can be adjusted to the ERS observations except the author's own research (i.e., Tao et al.,2002b)? " We appreciate this question, the answer to which is yes: recently, Frolking et al. (2022a & b) have been published which merged signals from exactly the same sensors but for global metropolis. Their research therefore confirms that QSCAT is one of the best options for gap-filling the six-year data between the ERS and ASCAT. We will revise our manuscript to make sure Frolking et al. (2022 a & b) are referred.
Frolking, S., Milliman, T., Mahtta, R., Paget, A., Long, D. G., & Seto, K. C. (2022a). A global urban microwave backscatter time series data set for 1993–2020 using ERS, QuikSCAT, and ASCAT data. Scientific Data, 9(1), 1-12.
Frolking, S., Mahtta, R., Milliman, T., & Seto, K. C. (2022b). Three decades of global trends in urban microwave backscatter, building volume and city GDP. Remote Sensing of Environment, 281, 113225.
Above-mentioned, I am in a difficult position to reject the manuscript for publication
Response: Once again, we thank Referee #1 for commenting on our manuscript. We hope our reply have clarified the unclear points of our manuscript, as well as the potential misunderstandings. Hopefully, we will have the chance to prepare a fully revised manuscript to further exchange with Referee #1.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-264-AC1
RC2: 'Comment on essd-2022-264', Anonymous Referee #2, 04 Oct 2022
This work extended the C-band data set to the previously missing period by rescaling the QSCAT Ku-band dataset during 2001-2007. Data-rescaling was used to unify the backscatter values from different sensors and then the machine learning method was used to address the monthly values differences. This is a quite useful dataset for further detecting forest structure and resilience dynamics. I have some minor comments as below:
To compare the linear regression, CDF and new data rescaling method, the author should compare their performances at global scale, i.e. a map showing the pearson r and RMSE pixel by pixel.
Similar for Fig 4, the author can show the spatial map of the performance of scaled Ku-band and corrected Ku-band pixel by pixel.
It seems that such rescaling method can also apply to other merging tasks. Can you discuss a bit of its potential usage to benefit the big data environmental science field?
The author could include a table mentioning the specific information of available microwave dataset, i.e. their time and spatial coverage, time and spatial resolution, etc, to prove the uniqueness of constructing the time series over non-overlapped period with QSCAT Ku-band data.
As you used the decision tree regression, have you checked whether the over-fit issue exist or not?
For Fig 8, there is large overlap between type 1 and type 2 pixels. If the author just compared the corresponding pearson r values between corrected Ku-band and C-band values to find the appropriate regressor, the type of each pixel can be determined. Why are some pixels assigned by two type?
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Shengli Tao, 06 Oct 2022
Thank you greatly for your very helpful comments. We will make sure to address them in full during revision.
RC3: 'Comment on essd-2022-264', Anonymous Referee #3, 25 Nov 2022
In this study the authors presented a monthly global C-band backscatter data record by combining ERS (C-band), QScat (Ku-band) and ASCAT (C-band) data for the time period 1992-2021. QScat data has been used to fill a six year gap between the C-band backscatter datasets (1999-2009). For this reason the Ku-band dataset has been rescaled using the overlapping period with ASCAT (2007-2009). The presented rescaling method was found to be robust to both signal trends and sudden changes. Monthly signal differences have been corrected after rescaling based on a decision tree regression. ERA5-land data (monthly rainfall, snow depth and skin temperature) was used to model signal differences in C- and Ku-band. Two types of quality assessments have been carried out. The first one is based on a comparison between the C-band and scaled Ku-band signal on a pixel by pixel bases reporting the distribution of Pearson R, RMSE and rRMSE for the periods 1999-2001 and 2007-2009 before and after the monthly signal correction for 13 regions. The second quality check is using ERS-2 data for the time period 2001-2011 reporting Pearson R for 10 regions. The results overall show that the rescaling and correction method are doing reasonably job fitting the Ku-band data in the C-band data space generating a homogeneous dataset.
Major comments:
1. While it is clear that this "C-band" dataset is one of its kind, I doubt the novelty of the presented "new data scaling method". It is a simple mean-std rescaling and part of "standard data rescaling techniques". See e.g. 10.1201/b15610-21, 10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.011, 10.5194/hess-14-1881-2010
2. I can see the importance of long-term C-band radar data, but a monthly temporal resolution is a big disadvantage and perhaps a no-go criteria for certain applications. The study doesn't explain why this temporal resolution has been chosen in the first place and is also not discussed in chaper 4.3. What is the reason? Would it be possible to get a 14-day, 10-day or lower temporal resolution? Please discuss possible applications and limitations of monthly C-band radar data. E.g. how is it possible to describe/separate vegetation and soil moisture (trends), also taking long-term land cover changes into consideration?
3. The manuscript is missing essential background information on decision tree regression. The authors describe that they performed three separate regressions (against monthly rainfall, snow depth and skin temperature) and used MSD to decide on the optimal regression. The term "decision tree regression" is far-fetched and not correct in this context. A decision tree regression would separate the feature space using nodes/leaves thereby selecting the optimal regression/parameter. See e.g. 10.1007/s00704-019-03048-8
Minor comments:
- Title: It is a "C-band" dataset so it should certainly have a C-band signal
dynamic. I'd suggest to highlight the fact that a Ku-band dataset is
used to fill a gap and create a long-term "C-band" data set.
- p2 - l38: remove "and can be acquired in all weather conditions"
- p2 - l53-54: No unit for RMSE/rRMSE in abstract, is it dB? Also missing in the rest of the article and graphics
- p4 - l102: Metop-SG
- p5 - l131: Please add references
- p7 - l180: wording
- Figure 4: remove connection of Ku-band time series for the temporal break
- Figure 8: why is there an overlap? shouldn't it be one map indicating type 1,2,3?
- Figure 9: why two different y-axis?
- p22 - l450: typo
On this basis, I found the topic of the paper interesting, but I suggest a major revision and after that reconsider a possible publication.
Please provide a reason why you see this comment as being abusive.
You might include your name and email but you can also stay anonymous.
Please confirm reCaptcha.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-264-supplement
CScat Shengli Tao https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20407857
603 176 16 795 45 11 7
Supplement: 45
EndNote: 7
Views and downloads (calculated since 15 Aug 2022)
Aug 2022 221 67 6 294
Sep 2022 140 37 3 180
Oct 2022 113 31 4 148
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 15 Aug 2022)
We provide the first long-term (since 1992), high resolution (8.9 km) satellite radar backscatter data set with a C-band (5.3 GHz) signal dynamic for global lands, the C-band Scatterometer (CScat) data set. CScat was created by fusing signals from ERS (1992–2001, C-band), QSCAT (1999–2009, Ku-band, 13.4 GHz), and ASCAT (since 2007, C-band). CScat has been validated against independent ERS-2 signals. It could be used in a variety of studies such as vegetation monitoring and hydrological modeling.
We provide the first long-term (since 1992), high resolution (8.9 km) satellite radar...


Changing your name is a lengthy process, full of millions of letters and in the case of passports and driving licences, lots of money.
I have been thinking for a while now of changing my name. Well, when I say changing it, what I actually mean is reverting back to the name on my birth certificate. Given the time, documentation and money involved, as well as the emotional ramifications, this decision has taken a while to reach.
I was eight when my dad died and just over a year later my mum remarried. Although I was happy to see her resettled, and he was and is the best stepfather I could have hoped for, from then onwards I felt disjointed.
Maybe it was the little girl's way of thinking, but I remember at that time feeling that I wasn't a proper member of a family anymore. When the holiday tickets used to arrive each year with the different names on it felt strange and wrong. Like I was a leftover from an old relationship.
When I reached 11 after talking about how I felt it was decided that I would change my name to the new surname. Given my age I didn't need to bother with change of name deeds and I didn't want to go down the adoption route, so I simply started using the new surname.
Years down the line and now I'm 33. Whilst I understand my reasoning for wanting to change my surname when a child, I now miss my old surname. I miss the connection it gave me to my dad and I've found, that although I call myself by my stepfather's name, I still think of myself in terms of my dad's name.
I don't need the sense of belonging like I did when I was a child. Taking back my former name is in a sense reconnecting with my younger self and that is something I want. So much of my life went awry after my dad died and now I think I have finally dealt with all that, I want a new start with the old me.
So, after I have a long talk with my step father, whom I love a lot and want him to understand, I will be going back.
Hello Vicky Cooper. I've missed you, a lot.
OMG I have a post with the exact same title!! Taking a new name has meant so much more than just being married Hi to Vicky Cooper - I get it!


If you are just starting your new life together with your loving spouse. And have chosen a great destination to spend your honeymoon at, there is a way to make everything even better.
This time should be the period of your lives when you indulge all of your wishes and we can help you achieve that with our cheap limo service. You can arrange for one of your exclusive cars to pick you up at the airport and begin your adventure.
When we say the best, we mean it. Our chauffeurs are undergoing a long training, unlike any other service requires, so that they do not make any beginner mistakes.
Even though our cars are equipped with the latest navigation systems. Our chauffeurs know the cities like their own pockets, so there is no chance that you will get lost or get stuck in traffic. They are trained to give you a deluxe treatment without spending too much money. You get all of that with our cheap limo service.
We have latest model party buses for rent that can take you on a tour of the best nightclubs in the area. Or just take you sightseeing and enjoying the landscape.If you ever wondered, 'are there any good party bus rentals near me?' now you know there is at least one. Don't wait and lose time.


This entry was posted in Plants in the Wisdom Literature and tagged Bible, Bible Plants, Bible Study, Crataegus phaenopyrum, God as a Gardener, hawthorn tree, Job, Resilient, Rooted in God, Thorns, Washington hawthorn. Bookmark the permalink.
Hawthorne is prescribed by my dr. to prevent colds and the flu. l read it has been used for centuries to help with ibs symptoms.


text:
Advisory regarding usage of Epilem during pregnancy
An example of a psychiatrist who failed to inform a patient that her medicine could result in birth abnormalities has been provided by the Health and Disability Commissioner.
The medication Epilim, which is used to treat seizures and bipolar disorder, caused a lady to become pregnant.
The medication is known to create issues during pregnancy and childbirth, but despite the fact that her prior kid had a postpartum haemorrhage, her psychiatrist failed to advise her of this.
The psychiatrist had violated the Code of Consumer Rights, according to Deputy Commissioner Rose Wall. She claimed that the episode demonstrated the value of giving informed permission.
Wall claimed that the investigation also demonstrated how little is known about Epilim and other anti-seizure drugs.
The patient was given false information about the medication's safety during pregnancy by an obstetrician.
Especially for those who intend to have children, the deputy commissioner suggested that health organisations disseminate clearer information regarding Epilim and comparable medications.
"This example offers a chance to guarantee that knowledge about Epilim and other teratogenic medicines is widely disseminated," Wall added.
"I am happy to see that there has been a coordinated effort from several organisations to ensure that there is clear information available about the hazards of Epilim and pregnancy," the author said.
Over the past ten years, fewer pregnant women have been prescribed Epilim, but the work isn't finished, she said.
Even while this decrease is heartening, she continued, "I think there is still work to be done and I will continue to pay close attention to people's concerns when they are raised."
The mother claimed that although her child is normally healthy, she believes drug exposure may have harmed his cognitive abilities.


We've entered the age of the customer. This you know, but how much do you really know about your customers? Now they have the world at their fingertips, there is an urgent need to understand your audience. In order to reach them and meet their needs, you need to have a clear picture of who they are, what their pain points are, what they need to alleviate those concerns, and how they want to interact with you.
The best way to really dig deep and understand your customers is to create audience personas. These personas are fictional, generalized characters that encompass the various needs, goals, and observed behavior patterns of your real and potential customers. They identify commonly held goals and shared values.
Tailor messages and content to your audience needs and wants.
Help customer service be more empathetic.
Create great products that appeal to your customers.
Create consistency across company communications and grow your brand in a way your customers expect.
Begin by compiling everything you know about your customers. Be careful not to create personas based on assumptions; if your assumptions are wrong, then your persona will be ineffective. The best way to discover the accurate information you need is by turning big data into business insights. Mining these insights will determine buyer traits and behaviors that drive persona creation.
The data you use should ideally come from several sources. Analyze your existing research, and then use internal and third-party information to collect any additional information you need to round out your personas. Check your website and social media analytics, conduct customer interviews, reference past survey results, and pull data from sales calls.
Location – Where does this person live? Urban, suburban or rural?
Age – What is the age range of this person?
Gender – Is your ideal customer a man or a woman?
Education level – How much education do they have?
Income level – How much do they make, and how much do they have to spend on your product or service?
Family – Are they married? Do they have kids?
Job title – What do they do to earn their money?
What are their biggest challenges at work?
What are their career goals?
Interests – What are they interested in?
How do they spend their day? At work? At leisure?
Buying motivation – What does your product do for them?
Buying concerns – What are their concerns when buying your product?
How can you help solve their challenges?
How tech savvy are they?
Where do they spend their time online? Favorite websites and social networks?
Once these questions are complete, make your persona come alive. Do this by giving each persona you've created a name and a photo.
We also recommend sharing your completed audience personas with your team members and with the sales and customer service as well. It can be very useful to get a second or third opinion, particularly from the people who interact with your existing customers, to determine if your persona is on track.
If possible, we suggest you include real quotes from interviews with consumers. These will give more life to your personas and make sure they are aligning with what customers actually think.
For companies like yours that make products for and supply services to animals, the pet is an important part of the persona. Ultimately, the pet owner will be making the decision about what to buy, but the pet they own — cat or dog, the breed and health of their pet, their specific relationship with their pet — will greatly influence that decision. Remember, you're creating your ideal customer. Your communications and marketing will spill over to other pet owners, but choose the persona you feel will bring you the best focus and most success.
Now that you have a clear view of your customers, it is time to take the next step by categorizing your completed personas and integrating them into your marketing plans. Do this by mapping personas to the buying process for more strategic content creation. Your personas provide a snapshot of who your buyers are and where they are in their buyer's journey.
Take advantage of all of your data, and put your completed personas to work to help you develop your business strategies and marketing tactics for each product.


We are selling original UK Passports made with your info/picture.
Also, your info will get entered into the official passport database.
So its possible to travel with our passports.
Information on how to send us your info and pictures will be given after purchase!
You can even enter the UK/EU with our passports, we can just add a stamp for the country you are in!
Ideal for people who want to work in the EU/UK.