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Solzhenitsyn returns to Switzerland
Solzhenitsyn is greeted by a passer-by on March 16 1974 in Zurich, one month after his arrival in Switzerland Keystone
Giant of 20th century Russian literature, gulag survivor and exile, Alexander Solzhenitsyn is a compelling subject for an exhibition.
This content was published on May 27, 2011 - 17:39 May 27, 2011 - 17:39
Isabelle Eichenberger, swissinfo.ch
At the Bodmer Foundation's museum in Cologny near Geneva, visitors can absorb impressions from 2,000 pages of his writings, photos and other personal effects. A 500-page catalogue accompanies the exhibition.
The padded jacket the prolific writer kept from his gulag years is there too, a reminder of his journey to Stalin's version of hell and back.
Solzhenitsyn's widow Natalya came to Geneva to give her seal of approval to the exhibition. She was in no doubt about the significance of this presentation of his works.
"Our history counts two episodes in Switzerland: the ostracism and exile of the family from 1974 to 1976 in the country that once welcomed Lenin, and today, this exhibition initiated by the Bodmer Foundation, the only museum of manuscripts in the world," she said at the launch of the exhibition.
The writer's widow has dedicated herself to the enormous task of publishing her husband's complete works, including numerous unedited texts. "Thirty volumes have already been published but he probably wrote tens of thousands of pages," she said.
Entitled "Solzhenitsyn, the courage to write", the exhibition boasts two key pieces: the manuscripts of the Gulag Archipelago (1958-1968) and of November 16th (1984-1987).
Precious loan
But how was it possible to convince Natalya, guardian of his work throughout their married life and since his death in 2008, to allow the Archipelago to leave its home in the Solzhenitsyn Foundation, situated in the family's old Moscow apartment?
It took the persuasive skills of Georges Nivat, curator of the exhibition, personal friend of the Russian writer and translator of some of his texts into French, and professor emeritus at Geneva University.
"Yes it must have been hard for Natalya Dmitriyevna to let go of these unique manuscripts but we have given firm guarantees that they will return after six months," he explained.
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Nivat is also the author of the comprehensive 536- page catalogue, which brings together Solzhenitsyn's personal archives , various texts, correspondence and newspaper articles, all richly illustrated and beautifully laid out.
All part of the fight
It was also Nivat who suggested that the Bodmer Foundation, which is celebrating its 40th anniversary this year, should pay tribute to a man for whom literature was "a relentless fight on behalf of all those who did not live to tell their tale", according to the foundation's director Charles Méla.
Having been a prisoner in the gulag from 1945 to 1953, "Solzhenitsyn conducted first an underground struggle, and later a public one, for the sake of the truth, to reveal to the world an unprecedented enterprise of slave labour."
With the 1970 Nobel prize laureate, the foundation has finally chosen a "Russian pillar of the 20th century" to place alongside Homer, Dante, Goethe and Shakespeare.
Some 2,000 documents are displayed with reverence and elegance in the subdued lighting and crypt-like atmosphere of the basement of the Bodmer Foundation.
There is a wall of photographs, bordered by explanatory texts, cases containing manuscripts, miniscule "samizdat" texts (typescripts distributed underground in Soviet times), original editions, letters, articles and family documents.
The personal objects reflect the man. Pencils, glasses, a magnifying glass - the tools of the trade. And the famous padded jacket of the gulag, along with a hunk of bread pocketed during an arrest and conserved like a relic.
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The gulag saga
Always fearful of arrest or raid by internal security, Solzhenitsyn kept only typewritten versions of his texts. Since the handwritten versions were usually burned after being typed up, "Russian" manuscripts are rare.
But the Archipelago was a notable exception, It was Solzhenitsyn's first literary "monument to escape his uncompromising method of manuscript destruction", says Nivat. The tribulations of this book, "launched like a torpedo against the Soviet regime", mirror the story of the author's combat against tyranny.
In fact, Nivat explains, the text was written in relative tranquility when he was staying with an Estonian former fellow inmate in the countryside, and it remained hidden there for 20 years. It was smuggled to France in 1968 on microfilm.
But the saga took a tragic twist in 1973, Nivat continues, when the volunteer typist who, without the author's knowledge, had kept a copy of the book hanged herself after an search by the KGB who confiscated the text.
That prompted Solzhenitsyn to publish the book in Paris. The repercussions were swift and uncompromising. Solzhenitsyn was arrested and exiled with his family to the West, the first time he had been outside the USSR, other than during the Second World War.
How times have changed. "Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the courage to write" is included on the official programme of Russian culture in Switzerland organised this year by the Russian embassy to celebrate 65 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Solzhenitsyn was born on December 11, 1918. He served in the Red Army in the Second World War but in 1945 was convicted for criticising Stalin's conduct of the war, and spent the next decade in prison camps and internal exile.
He came to literary prominence in 1962 with "One Day on the Life of Ivan Denisovich", a short novel based on his own labour camp experiences, the only work published in his homeland during Soviet rule.
For his later writings, published abroad, he was stripped of his citizenship and put on a plane to West Germany in 1974 for refusing to keep silent about his country's past. Solzhenitsyn became an icon of resistance to the communist system from his American home in Vermont.
He received the 1970 Nobel Prize for Literature for a body of work including "The First Circle" (1968), and "Cancer Ward" (1968).
His monumental history of the Soviet police state, "The Gulag Archipelago", was published in Paris in three volumes between 1973 and 1978.
He returned to Russia in 1994 and died in his home outside Moscow on August 3, 2008.
Bodmer Foundation
The Bodmer Foundation, which was set up by Swiss academic and collector Martin Bodmer in 1971, holds a collection of more than 160,000 manuscripts and books, dating from antiquity to modern times.
The collection includes first editions of major works, including the Papyrus 66, which is one of the oldest almost completely preserved manuscripts of the Gospel of St John , the original of Grimm's Fairy Tales, the only copy of the Gutenberg Bible in Switzerland, a string quintet by Mozart, Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary, the manuscript scroll of The 120 Days of Sodom by the Marquis De Sade and original editions of Don Quixote and Faust, among others.
The Bodmer museum, designed by Ticino architect Mario Botta, is located at Cologny, near Geneva, and is open to the public. Its permanent exhibition is supplemented by four temporary exhibitions each year.
Alexandre Soljenitsyne – Le courage d'écrire (Alexander Solzhenitsyn – The courage to write) runs until October 16 at Fondation Martin Bodmer, 19-21 route du Guignard, Cologny (Geneva). Open Tuesday to Sunday from 2pm to 6pm.
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Festival programme on Russian Embassy site (German)
Neva Foundation
Bodmer Foundation (French)
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Category: Moharram & Matam
Please tell me the people does matam on moharram it is true!
Can u please tell me about the namaz on ashure.
The etiquette of eating, with detailed evidence
ASHURA 10TH MUHARRAM - A DAY OF SORROW OR HAPPINESS Now you can judge by this few tradition, whether a day of Ashura is a day of Sorrow or Happiness? Whether grieving for martyr is Biddad or Sunnah of Holy Prophet (P.)? As ALLAH says; Those who listen to the saying and follow the best of it, those are guided by and they are the mindful. I leave upon you because I am only in the search of truth as I realize the tradition of Holy Prophet (S.) saying; The sons of Israel were divided into seventy-one groups, and the Christians were divided into seventy-two groups, and my people will be divided into seventy-three groups, in which, only one will be on the right path (Jannati).
One of our brothers has posted these questions:
ASHURA (10TH MUHARRAM) A DAY OF SORROW OR HAPPINESS?
Salaamun Alaikum,
This is a very critical matter among the Muslims. O ALLAH! show us the right as right and grant us the ability to follow it; and show us the wrong as
wrong and grant us the ability to avoid it. Let us refer Holy Qur'an and Traditions of Holy Prophet (p) by which we can find out the truth. If we refer Holy Qur'an we will find that Allah says; 1) And do not speak of those who are slain in Allah`s way as dead; nay, (they are) alive, but you do not perceive.(Chp.2 : Verse-154) 2) "And reckon not those who are killed in Allah`s way as dead; nay, they are alive (and) are provided sustenance from their Lord; (Chp-3 : Verse-169). 3) "Those who believed and fled (their homes), and strove hard in Allah`s way with their property and their souls, are much higher in rank with Allah; and those are they who are the achievers (of their objects)." (Chp.9 : Verse-20) This three verses of Holy Quran shows that the position of Martyr is Higher with ALLAH and are alive. Well if someone weep for him, who has sacrifice the life of his family for the sake of ALLAH to save Islam., then this weeping is called respect and it is a sign of love. This respect is also a thanks to Hazrat Husain (p), because of his great sacrifice, humanity has been saved, because of his sacrifice, the curtain have been removed from the faces of Bani Ummaya, who were wearing the dress of Caliphs and were destroying Islam. It is human's nature that a person weep or grief on him, whom he loves very much. No one weeps on an unknown person or enemy. It is not BIDDAD to weep, because weeping is in human's nature and it is gifted by ALLAH, so He never prohibit such a thing which He has kept in our nature. As ALLAH says in Holy Quran, "And that is He (Allah) it is Who makes (Men) laugh and makes (them) weep". (Chp-53 : Verse-43)
If ALLAH has kept Hunger in human's nature then He (ALLAH) cannot prohibit us from eating food, because It is against the policy of ALLAH. Weeping is a sunnah of Prophet Yaqoob (p). It is said that Prophet Yaqoob (p) wept so much for his son Prophet Yusuf (p) that the pupils of his eyes became white. Allah says in Holy Quran, "And he (Yaqoob) turned away from them and said: O my sorrow for Yusuf! And his eyes become white on account of the grief,"
(Chp.-12 : Verse-84) Weeping on dead or Martyr and specially for Hazrat Husain (p) is also a sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (p) as per the below traditions, 1) The Holy Prophet (P.) said: "Zaid took over the flag and was martyred. Then it was taken by Ja'far who was martyred as well. Then Abdullah bin Rawaha took the flag but he too was martyred and at that time the eyes of Allah's Messenger were full of tears. (Narrated by Anas bin Malik, Ref.:Sahih Al-Bukhari Arabic-English Vol.2 Pg.191, printed in 1984 at Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, India)
2) Zainab binte Jahash the wife of Prophet (S.) narrates: One day the Messenger of Allah was in my house and Husain (P.) was also there. For some moments I forgot about him. He entered into the Prophet's room. I tried to pick him up but the Messenger of Allah restrained me. Then he stood up to perform the prayers while holding Husain (P.) in his arms. When he went into ruku or Sajdah he put down Husain (P.) and again took him in his arms when he stood up. Then he sat down and wept. When he finished his prayers I said, "O Messenger of Allah! Today I have seen you do something that I had never seen before". Prophet (P.) said, "Jibraeel came to me and informed me that this Husain (P.) will be killed by my ummat" (people). He then showed me the soil of the place of his martyrdom. (Ref. Mustadrakul Sahihain, Chp.4 :Pg.398)
3) Salami records: "I paid a visit to the Prophet's wife Umme Salma and saw her crying with grief. When I asked her what made her weep, she said, I just dreamt that the Prophet (p) had come with his beard and head covered with dust. When I asked him what had made him so full of grief, he told me that he had just returned after seeing his Husain butchered (Martyred)." (Ref.: Jam'a Tirmizee Pg.166, Mishkat Vol.8 : Pg.189, Mustadrak Vol.4 : Pg.19)
4) The Prophet (P.) said, "Allah will not punish people because of the tears they shed (over the dead) but He will punish (them) because of this (tongue)". (Sahih Bukhari Vol.7 : Chp.24)
5) Abu Hurairah says: The Messenger of Allah (P.) visited the grave of his mother and wept; and all those with him (also) wept".
6) While If grieving is biddad then the Prophet Muhammad (p) would have scolded Owais bin Karni from breaking his tooth after being so grieved at the loss of the teeth of Prophets (p). He showed love, and hopefully for the Prophet (P.).
This Biddad is only used for a political purpose to keep the innocent Muslims away from the truth. This is only a Break for every question on which the ulema have no answer. I don't point out to all the ulema but majority are such who says that, carrying Alams (Flag) is biddad and your nikah will become batil (break), but they have forgotten the history of Islam, that in the fight of Khyber, Hazrat Abu Bakr , Hazrat Umar , Hazrat Ali and many other companions have carried Alams (Flag). It is not biddad but sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (p). This is only a political issue to put curtain on the evil deeds of Yazid. Those who believe Yazid as a calips or Amirul Momeneen, why don't they keep their children's name as "Yazid", I am thankful to those ulema and readers who had accepted this truth and have started their research to find out the true Islam. Beside this though it's a modern age and new generation always believes in logic, we should also find out logical reasons for the same. So let us think and answer.
QUESTION YOURSELVES,
1) Whether Weeping is in human's nature and its attachment is with the heart or not?
2) If someone is put to death by torture, whom we love, then, will we weep in his respect or not?
3) If on the day of Eid, any death occurs in our family, shall we celebrate that day as a Eid?
4) If Prophet Muhammad (P.) can weep on Hazrat Husain (p), Why can't we?
5) Is it suitable to celebrate Marriage, Birthday or any other function in the month of Muharram?
6) Do we celebrate or do we attend such happy occasion when there is a death of our beloved?
Now you can judge by this few tradition, whether a day of Ashura is a day of Sorrow or Happiness? Whether grieving for martyr is Biddad or Sunnah of Holy Prophet (P.)? As ALLAH says; Those who listen to the saying and follow the best of it, those are guided by and they are the mindful. I leave upon you because I am only in the search of truth as I realize the tradition of Holy Prophet (S.) saying; The sons of Israel were divided into seventy-one groups, and the Christians were divided into seventy-two groups, and my people will be divided into seventy-three groups, in which, only one will be on the right path (Jannati).
In the name of Allah, We praise Him, seek His help and ask for His forgiveness. Whoever Allah guides none can misguide, and whoever He allows to fall astray, none can guide them aright. We bear witness that there is no one (no idol, no person, no grave, no prophet, no imam, no dai, nobody!) worthy of worship but Allah Alone, and we bear witness that Muhammad(saws) is His slave-servant and the seal of His Messengers.
Q-1: Whether Weeping is in human's nature and its attachment is with the heart or not?
Q-2: If someone is put to death by torture, whom we love, then, will we weep in his respect or not?
Weeping is indeed embedded in human nature and its attachment is indeed with the heart. The act of weeping is beyond the control of one whose heart is pained by some calamity. Weeping and crying with the eyes is not prohibited in Islam, but what is prohibited is wailing and beating one's self with his hands, etc. This act of wailing was specifically prohibited by the Messenger of Allah (saws).
It is reported in an authentic narration that the Prophet (saws) said: "Allah does not punish a person for shedding tears or feeling pain in his heart. But He does punish, though he may show mercy, because of (what he utters with) this," and then he(saws) pointed to his tongue.
The Prophet (saws) wept on the death of his son, Ibrahim, and said: "The eyes shed tears and the heart feels pain, but we utter only what pleases our Lord. O Ibrahim! We are aggrieved at your demise." He(saws) also wept when his grand daughter, Umaymah, daughter of Zainab, died, and said, "This (weeping) is the mercy that Allah has placed in the hearts of His servants. And surely Allah bestows mercy upon those who are merciful among His servants."
It is reported that the Prophet (saws) said: "Four practices of the pre-Islamic days of Ignorance will continue to be practiced by my ummah: taking pride in one`s parentage, giving a person a father other than his own genealogical father, believing that rain is caused by some stars, and wailing over the dead." He (saws) further said: "A mourner, unless she repents before her death, will be raised on the Day of Judgement wearing a garment of tar and an armor of blistering puss."
Q-3: If on the day of Eid, any death occurs in our family, shall we celebrate that day as a Eid?
Q-5: Is it suitable to celebrate Marriage, Birthday or any other function in the month of Muharram?
Q-6: Do we celebrate or do we attend such happy occasion when there is a death of our beloved?
If a death occurs in our family on the day of Eid, obviously, we will be sad and thus not celebrate the Eid. But that does not mean that every year on the day of Eid, he gathers his friends and family and mourns and wails and beats himself in memory of the dead person.
The Messenger of Allah said in an authentic narration: "Any person who believes in Allah and the Last Day, is not allowed to mourn for more than three days. Except if the husband dies, then the mourning period for his wife/wives if four months and ten days."
Q-4: If Prophet Muhammad (P.) can weep on Hazrat Husain (p), Why can't we?
There is not a muslim in this world who is not grieved and saddenned at the torturous and agonizing 'shahaadah' of Imam Hussain ibn Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and his 'ahle-bayt'. Whenever a muslim reads about that painful day, his heart feels pain and his eyes shed tears. Indeed, what happened to Imam Hussain (r.a.) and his family, and the way they were brutally murdered in hunger and thirst, is one of the darkest recorded pages in the annuls of Islamic history. May Allah honor the martyrs of Karbala and grant them the highest level in Paradise, and take full retribution from the people who murdered them. Ameen.
But whatever happened on that tumultuous day in Karbala, it does not allow people today to gather and wail, sing sad poetry in congregation, and beat themselves with their hands and blades! However sad and depressed we might be, we cannot do anything against the guidance of Allah and His Messenger (saws). This act and type of wailing was absolutely prohibited by the Messenger of Allah (saws), nor did he ever do anything of this sort when his beloved uncle Hadrat Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib (r.a.) was brutally murdered and his body cut open in the Battle of Uhud. After Hadrat Hamza (r.a.) was killed by the spear of Habashi, the enemies of Allah, dismembered and cut away his ears and his nose. Then, Hind bint Utbah, the wife of Abu Sufyan, ordered that the body of Hadrat Hamza (r.a.) be torn open, and she, in her revenge and anger, tried to take a bite from the actual flesh of Hadrat Hamza's (r.a.) heart!
We cannot imagine the pain and grief of the Messenger of Allah (saws), when he heard about this, but he did not organize a 'matam' for Hadrat Hamza! Nor did he (saws) ever gather all his family and friends in the mosque every year on the anniversary of the death of Hadrat Hamza (r.a.), and start wailing, and singing 'marseeyas', and start beating himself on his chest! Nor did he ever gather all his companions in the mosque every year, and repeat the story and legend of the martydom of Hadrat Hamza (r.a.) and 70 of his companions on the anniversary of the Day of Uhud!
Yes, all muslims are sad and their hearts feel pain at the martydom of Hadrat Hamza (r.a.), at the martydom of Imam Hussain (r.a.) and every other martyr who gave his life in the cause of Allah. But we do, what our beloved Prophet (saws) commanded us to do! We pray for them, and beg Allah to grant them an honorable place in Paradise. We implore Allah, that he make our 'imaan' strong, and supplicate Allah to choose us among his martyrs.
The 'majaalees of matam' that we see today was started many years after the martydom of Imam Hussain (r.a.). Some unscrupulous people used the Martydom of Imam Hussain (r.a.) and his family in Karbala to give fiery speeches to make mere political and monetary gains! Today in the name of Imam Hussain (r.a.) they organize a huge business, gather people, organize food, pay the 'speakers' to give fiery and glowing speeches, pay the singers of 'maraseeyahs': all in the name of 'ibaadah' and Islam!!
And these unscrupulous leaders have been successful in breaking up the one 'ummah' or community of Islam into various sects, each with its own set of beliefs and naratives. They have been successful in taking a small percentage of muslims and brain-washed them into worshipping and invoking Personalities in Islam, rather than invoking the One and Only Allah. They have been successful in taking away the simple guidance of the Holy Quran away from these muslims.
Just look at the Anger and Wrath of Allah described on those who break up their religion into sects:
Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 23 Surah Mu'minoon verse 52-56: And you all belong to one and the same ummah, and I(Allah) am your Lord; so fear Me Alone! Yet afterwards the people divided themselves into different sects, and each sect rejoicing in what it has. Well, leave them deeply involved in their heedlessness up to an appointed time. What? Do they think that, by continuing to provide them with wealth and children, We are solicitous for their welfare? Nay, they do not understand the reality of the matter!
If one were to read and understand the Holy Quran, even only once, he would realize soon enough, that the Only Being worthy of worship and invocation is Allah Alone. These same leaders claim again and again that the Glorious Quran cannot be understood by everybody! These same leaders claim that the Holy Quran can only be understood by them, and thus anybody who wants to understand the Quran must come to them! These same leaders claim that the Quran is full of hints and innuendos and if not understood through them, you will be misguided!
But Allah says several times (at least 25 times) that the Quran and its message is easy, plain, direct and simple to understand.
The choice is very simple: Do we take Allah's word as Supreme, or do we take the word of these self-made leaders?
Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 12 Surah Yusuf verse 1-2: These are the verses of the Book that makes its object perfectly clear. We have sent it down as a Quran in Arabic, so that you may understand it well.
Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 16 Surah Nahl verse 89: We have sent down to you this Book, which makes everything plain, and is a guidance, blessing and good news to those who have surrendered themselves entirely.
Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 19 Surah Maryam verse 97: O Mohamed, We have made this Quran easy, and sent it down in your tongue so that you should give good news to the pious and warn the stubborn people.
Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 6 Surah Anam verse 70: And leave alone those who have taken their 'deen' as a sport and past-time, and have been deluded by the life of this world. Nevertheless, you go on admonishing them by reciting the Quran to them, lest any person should be seized because of his own deeds; and that too, at a time, when there would be no protector, no helper and no intercessor to rescue him from Allah; when no conceivable amount of ransom would be accepted from him. This is because such people shall be seized, in consequence of what they themselves had earned.
May Allah give us the wisdom and the courage to read and understand the simple message of the Holy Quran. May Allah guide us, and help us to take guidance from the plain and easy message of the Glorious Quran. May Allah make the 'ummah' of muslims as one 'ummah', and take full retribution from all these self-made leaders and self-proclaimed holy men, who have broken Islam into pieces and sects.
May Allah guide you and us all to the Siraat al-Mustaqeem.
Whatever written of Truth and benefit is only due to Allah's Assistance and Guidance, and whatever of error is of me. Allah Alone Knows Best and He is the Only Source of Strength.
Your Brother and well wisher in Islam,
Shia Questions
When we beat ourselves or wail, it is not for gaining anything, but it is respect to remember our prophet`s (saw) family who sacrificed themselves for our religion.
Same subject repeated in Waaz
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Statement of divorce like from husband.
To what extent is use of "taweez" or amulets allowed in Islam

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Automatic Admission will be afforded to students who earned a bachelor's degree (any major/field) with an overall GPA of 2.8 or above OR a 2.5 overall GPA with 3 or more years of work experience in Criminal Justice or related fields. Applicants with an overall GPA below 2.8 with no work experience in Criminal Justice or related fields will be reviewed by program Faculty.
Applicants with an overall GPA below 2.5 will also be required to submit a 200-word Personal Statement describing their academic/professional background characteristics that will assist them in successfully completing the online degree program and will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis by Program Faculty.


text:
Reactive power transfer allocation method with the application of artificial neural network
M. W. Mustafa, S. N. Khalid, H. Shareef, A. Khairuddin
A novel method to identify the reactive power transfer between generators and load using modified nodal equations is proposed. On the basis of the solved load flow results, the method partitions the Y-bus matrix to decompose the current of the load buses as a function of the generators' current and voltage. Then it uses the load voltages from the load flow results and decomposed load currents to determine reactive power contribution from each generator to loads. The validation of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by using a simple 3-bus system and the 25-bus equivalent system of south Malaysia. Next part here focuses on creating an appropriate artificial neural network (ANN) to solve the same problem in a simpler and faster manner. The basic idea is to use supervised learning paradigm to train the ANN. Most commonly used feedforward architecture has been chosen for the proposed ANN reactive power transfer allocation technique. Almost all system variables obtained from load flow solutions are utilised as an input to the neural network. Moreover, tan-sigmoid activation functions are incorporated in the hidden layer to realise the nonlinear nature of the reactive power transfer allocation. The targets of the ANN corresponding to the previously developed reactive power transfer allocation method. The 25-bus equivalent system of south Malaysia is utilised as a test system to illustrate the effectiveness of the ANN output compared with that of the modified nodal equations method. The ANN output provides promising results in terms of accuracy and computation time.
IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution
https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd:20070354
10.1049/iet-gtd:20070354
Dive into the research topics of 'Reactive power transfer allocation method with the application of artificial neural network'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Reactive power Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Supervised learning Engineering & Materials Science 16%
Chemical activation Engineering & Materials Science 13%
Mustafa, M. W., Khalid, S. N., Shareef, H., & Khairuddin, A. (2008). Reactive power transfer allocation method with the application of artificial neural network. IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2(3), 402-413. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd:20070354
Reactive power transfer allocation method with the application of artificial neural network. / Mustafa, M. W.; Khalid, S. N.; Shareef, H. et al.
In: IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2008, p. 402-413.
Mustafa, MW, Khalid, SN, Shareef, H & Khairuddin, A 2008, 'Reactive power transfer allocation method with the application of artificial neural network', IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 402-413. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd:20070354
Mustafa MW, Khalid SN, Shareef H, Khairuddin A. Reactive power transfer allocation method with the application of artificial neural network. IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution. 2008;2(3):402-413. doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd:20070354
Mustafa, M. W. ; Khalid, S. N. ; Shareef, H. et al. / Reactive power transfer allocation method with the application of artificial neural network. In: IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution. 2008 ; Vol. 2, No. 3. pp. 402-413.
@article{c5329470b61b4427aa74fab987496e05,
title = "Reactive power transfer allocation method with the application of artificial neural network",
abstract = "A novel method to identify the reactive power transfer between generators and load using modified nodal equations is proposed. On the basis of the solved load flow results, the method partitions the Y-bus matrix to decompose the current of the load buses as a function of the generators' current and voltage. Then it uses the load voltages from the load flow results and decomposed load currents to determine reactive power contribution from each generator to loads. The validation of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by using a simple 3-bus system and the 25-bus equivalent system of south Malaysia. Next part here focuses on creating an appropriate artificial neural network (ANN) to solve the same problem in a simpler and faster manner. The basic idea is to use supervised learning paradigm to train the ANN. Most commonly used feedforward architecture has been chosen for the proposed ANN reactive power transfer allocation technique. Almost all system variables obtained from load flow solutions are utilised as an input to the neural network. Moreover, tan-sigmoid activation functions are incorporated in the hidden layer to realise the nonlinear nature of the reactive power transfer allocation. The targets of the ANN corresponding to the previously developed reactive power transfer allocation method. The 25-bus equivalent system of south Malaysia is utilised as a test system to illustrate the effectiveness of the ANN output compared with that of the modified nodal equations method. The ANN output provides promising results in terms of accuracy and computation time.",
author = "Mustafa, {M. W.} and Khalid, {S. N.} and H. Shareef and A. Khairuddin",
doi = "10.1049/iet-gtd:20070354",
journal = "IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution",
publisher = "Institution of Engineering and Technology",
T1 - Reactive power transfer allocation method with the application of artificial neural network
AU - Mustafa, M. W.
AU - Khalid, S. N.
AU - Shareef, H.
AU - Khairuddin, A.
N2 - A novel method to identify the reactive power transfer between generators and load using modified nodal equations is proposed. On the basis of the solved load flow results, the method partitions the Y-bus matrix to decompose the current of the load buses as a function of the generators' current and voltage. Then it uses the load voltages from the load flow results and decomposed load currents to determine reactive power contribution from each generator to loads. The validation of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by using a simple 3-bus system and the 25-bus equivalent system of south Malaysia. Next part here focuses on creating an appropriate artificial neural network (ANN) to solve the same problem in a simpler and faster manner. The basic idea is to use supervised learning paradigm to train the ANN. Most commonly used feedforward architecture has been chosen for the proposed ANN reactive power transfer allocation technique. Almost all system variables obtained from load flow solutions are utilised as an input to the neural network. Moreover, tan-sigmoid activation functions are incorporated in the hidden layer to realise the nonlinear nature of the reactive power transfer allocation. The targets of the ANN corresponding to the previously developed reactive power transfer allocation method. The 25-bus equivalent system of south Malaysia is utilised as a test system to illustrate the effectiveness of the ANN output compared with that of the modified nodal equations method. The ANN output provides promising results in terms of accuracy and computation time.
AB - A novel method to identify the reactive power transfer between generators and load using modified nodal equations is proposed. On the basis of the solved load flow results, the method partitions the Y-bus matrix to decompose the current of the load buses as a function of the generators' current and voltage. Then it uses the load voltages from the load flow results and decomposed load currents to determine reactive power contribution from each generator to loads. The validation of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by using a simple 3-bus system and the 25-bus equivalent system of south Malaysia. Next part here focuses on creating an appropriate artificial neural network (ANN) to solve the same problem in a simpler and faster manner. The basic idea is to use supervised learning paradigm to train the ANN. Most commonly used feedforward architecture has been chosen for the proposed ANN reactive power transfer allocation technique. Almost all system variables obtained from load flow solutions are utilised as an input to the neural network. Moreover, tan-sigmoid activation functions are incorporated in the hidden layer to realise the nonlinear nature of the reactive power transfer allocation. The targets of the ANN corresponding to the previously developed reactive power transfer allocation method. The 25-bus equivalent system of south Malaysia is utilised as a test system to illustrate the effectiveness of the ANN output compared with that of the modified nodal equations method. The ANN output provides promising results in terms of accuracy and computation time.
U2 - 10.1049/iet-gtd:20070354
DO - 10.1049/iet-gtd:20070354
JO - IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution
JF - IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution


text:
JANIE GIBSON
Voices of Joan
Whale Chorus
We Will Leave Only Bone | Reflections of Eurydice
Bulgakov's Table
Giant Dance
we will leave only bone
reflections of eurydice
Odra Ensemble
I co-founded the Odra Ensemble with artists I studied with in Poland. Over 3 years we worked together sharing our research, building an ensemble and making a work 'We Will Leave Only Bone- Reflections of Eurydice'. We worked in residence at Song of the Goat Theatre led by Finnish actress and director Anu Salonen. Within our company were actors from Canada, Greece, Italy, Poland and the USA. Our company came together through our common training and shared language in Polish ensemble theatre and engaged in theatrical research based in musicality, dynamic physical training, and human connection.
Our debut performance "We Will Leave Only Bone: Reflections of Eurydice" premiered at Song of the Goat Theatre in Wroclaw, Poland in March 2013. The ancient Greek myth of Orpheus and Eurydice served as both a narrative tool for the work and as a metaphor for the working process through which we investigated love, loss, lamentation and the power of song to bridge a connection between the worlds of the living and the dead.
Our artistic practice is born from a concern with the disappearance of cultural traditions. From 2010-2012, the members undertook individual expeditions to investigate cultural/artistic traditions and post-conflict areas, which served as the source material for the work, in Italy, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Kenya, Cuba, the Balkans (Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania) and Australia. The shared aim of the research is to transform elements of song, dance, and ritual into practical performer and ensemble training. Out of this rigorous research and training emerged a performance inspired by mythologies, rituals and our personal journeys and composed like a piece of music, interweaving elements of traditional songs, dances, poetic text, live music and acrobatics in a structure of powerful ensemble story-telling.
Listen to director Anu Salonen talk about the project and company on Polish radio
Odra Ensemble: Performance trailer from Janie Gibson on Vimeo.
"Your work is deeply touching, but what is it? Could we call it post dramatic poetry instead of theatre?"
Audience member | Thessaloniki, Greece
Director | Anu Almagro
Ensemble | Julianna Bloogood, Joshua Doerkson, Janie Gibson, Daniel Han, Alexandra Kazazou, Diego Pileggi, Dimitris Varkas


text:
Yu Yu Hakusho 2: Kakutou no Sho
Genre : Fighting
Developer : TOSE
Publisher : Namco
The second game in the series released for the Super Famicom, unlike the first game, now shows the Street Fighter style, with only 10 selectable characters.
The game is still based on the story of the manga, and presents the story until the middle of it (the final fight against Toguro Ani). At first you can hardly give the special moves, but after the third fight you may have gained knowledge to do it.
Note that when you are low on energy, the blue bar will flash. At this point you can now drop the special moves. The game features four modes: Story Mode, Tournament Mode, Versus Mode, and a Training Mode, to learn the special moves, using the command sequence.
Yu Yu Hakusho Forever
Yu Yu Hakusho: Forever is set after the events of the Dark Tournament. Although a great deal of time...
Yu Yu Hakusho : Dark Tournament
Yu Yu Hakusho: Dark Tournament brings the action of the animated series' Dark Tournament Saga to the...
Yu Yu Hakusho : Tokubetsu Hen
Yuu Yuu Hakusho: Tokubetsu Hen is an Action game, developed and published by Namco, which was releas...
Yu Yu Hakusho Final : Makai Saikyou Retsuden
The fourth game to be released for the SNES, however in Japan only. This game is an anime figher gam...
Yu Yu Hakusho - Ghost Files: Spirit Detective
Yu Yu Hakusho tells the story of Yusuke Urameshi, a character who battles evil in both the living an...
The Battle of Yuu Yuu Hakusho: Shitou! Ankoku Bujutsukai! 120%
Ankoku Bujutsukai is based on the manga Yū Yū Hakusho, which tells the story of a young delinquent n...
Yu Yu Hakusho is a Super Famicom game based on the horror-themed manga and anime about a belligerent...
Yuu Yuu Hakusho: Horobishi Mono no Gyakushuu
The game is a classic side-scrolling beat'em up and offers several characters from the manga to play...
Yu Yu Hakusho est basé sur la série d'animes et le manga du même nom. Il raconte l'histoire d'un ado...
Yu Yu Hakusho - Ghost Files: Tournament Tactics
Yu Yu Hakusho Tournament Tactics follows the Dark Tournament storyline of the Yu Yu Hakusho anime se...
Yuu Yuu Hakusho
Yuu Yuu Hakusho is an action game, developed and published by Tomy Corporation, which was released i...
Yu Yu Hakusho : Sunset Fighters
Yusuke Urameshi and his friends are invited to a tournament by Makyou Toitsusen, a mysterious martia...
Yuu Yuu Hakusho: Bakutou Ankoku Bujutsu Kai
Yuu Yuu Hakusho: Bakutou Ankoku Bujutsu Kai is an Action game, developed by TOSE and published by Ba...
Yu Yu Hakusho : Makyou Toitsusen
Yuu Yuu Hakusho: Makyo Toitsusen is an Action game, developed by Treasure and published by Sega, wh...
Yuu Yuu Hakusho Gaiden
Based on the manga and anime series Yū Yū Hakusho, this is a story of a teenager delinquent Yusuke U...
Yuu Yuu Hakusho II: Gekitou! Nanakyou no Tatakai
While the first game was a side-scrolling beat 'em up featuring four characters from the manga, the ...
Yuu Yuu Hakusho Dai 2 Tama: Ankoku Bujutsukai
Yuu Yuu Hakusho Dai-San-Tama is an Action game, published by Tomy Corporation, which was released in...
Yuu Yuu Hakusho Dai-3-dan: Makai no Tobira
The game is much different than any other Yu Yu Hakusho game, it is a role-playing game where you ca...
Yu Yu Hakusho Dai-4-dan: Makai Touitsu Hen
Yu Yu Hakusho Dai-4-dan: Makai Touitsu Hen is a Fighting game, published by Tomy, which was released...
What is a man? A miserable little pile of secrets.
Dracula, Castlevania: Symphony of the Night


It would appear that the government aid program that was to compliment our military efforts has received a less than stellar evaluation. Unfortunately, I was unsuccessful in finding the audit report which is apparently posted somewhere on a Foreign Affairs website.
Canada walked away from a decade-long $2.2 billion aid program in Afghanistan hoping the U.S. would just carry on with its plan, an internal government audit has found.
Instead, Canada's vision was left in the dust, officials told auditors looking into the largest aid program in government history, one of the three pillars of the effort to stabilize the war-torn country after the fall of the Taliban in 2001.
The massive aid program was supposed to bolster the military's work in securing the country and diplomatic efforts to shore up its governance, a whole-of-government approach that in some ways should serve as a model for approaching similar conflicts in the future, the evaluation found.
The Conservative government appears to be considering such a model in its approach to the conflict in Iraq as it prepares to debate the extension of the military mission there.
But there were major flaws in the Afghan aid program's conception and its delivery, the evaluation concluded, including a failure to ever completely understand what was driving the conflict in Afghanistan and in turn be able to really help solve it.
"Canada is recognized as a consistent and reliable donor with a clear results orientation, but there is insufficient evidence to provide a definitive answer to the overall evaluation question related to Canada's contribution to long-term stability and sustainable development in Afghanistan," the report said.
The ongoing and eventually worsening violence in Afghanistan has been largely blamed for keeping development programs from doing what they were ostensibly designed to do — help secure the peace won by the military.
"In Afghanistan, saving lives and alleviating suffering has been a short-term activity that was threatened by on-going political and military violence," the report said.
When that peace was declared elusive and the military decided to leave Kandahar in 2011, aid officials were left to create exit strategies of their own — keeping a large-scale development program going was never an option, evaluators were told.
A decision was made to hand everything over to the U.S., and the Americans then started pursuing their own, differing, priorities, the report found.
"The frequent change of American staff on the ground meant that there was little institutional memory remaining to keep the strategic Canadian legacy alive," the evaluation concluded.
"Many interviewees indicated that this exit strategy may have been short-sighted and that, given the enormous Canadian investments made in Kandahar, other alternatives should have been explored as was done by other bilateral donors."
What results the massive program managed to achieved were "impressive" and came mostly through projects in which Canada was one of many donors, the evaluation found.
They included the training of thousands of health workers, food aid, teacher training, loans and enhanced capacity of rights and women's organizations.
Canada's three signature projects, the rehabilitation of the irrigation system flowing from the Dahla Dam, the construction of 50 schools and polio vaccination had mixed results.
More than 50 schools were actually built but it's unclear how many are open and how many students are enrolled, while polio cases from Pakistan continue to infiltrate Afghanistan. The irrigation system repair achieved most of its objectives, but with no new money earmarked to continue the work, it is all at risk, the report found.
The emphasis on short-term implementation strategies may have seen projects completed faster, but came at the expense of ensuring sustainable long-term development results, the report said.
"However, a few years after the Canadian exit from Kandahar, there is limited evidence of positive outcomes in terms of more jobs, enhanced income opportunities or better quality of services outside of the health and education sectors," the report said.
While the politics of the Afghan mission may be a thing of the past for Canadian parliamentarians, they reared their head for the evaluation team, who reported feeling some pressure to emphasize the positive results of the aid program in their report.
In the end, they drew nine conclusions from their study and provided five recommendations. In its response to the report, the government acknowledged the program's shortcomings and agreed with many of the evaluation's conclusions.
Canada has committed to spending $227 million in Afghanistan between 2014 and 2017 but the report suggests Afghans are left wanting.
"There are still positive developments at the community level as a result of improved physical infrastructure and strengthened community organizations, but there are also clear signs of frustration and anger, despite the fact that some development activities are continuing," the report said.
The report was published online by the Foreign Affairs department on Friday.


text:
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Actions for Property Asset Utilisation
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Property NSW's effectiveness in managing NSW Government owned and leased commercial office property is limited in three areas according to a report released today by the Auditor-General for New South Wales, Margaret Crawford. At 30 June 2018, the NSW Government owned $160 billion worth of land and buildings. The NSW Treasury predicts this figure will rise over the coming years. Property NSW m
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The urban renewal projects on former railway land in the Newcastle city centre are well targeted to support the objectives of the Newcastle Urban Transformation and Transport Program (the Program), according to a report released today by the Auditor-General for New South Wales, Margaret Crawford. The planned uses of the former railway land achieve a balance between the economic and social objectives of the Program at a reasonable cost to the government.
The Auditor-General for New South Wales, Margaret Crawford released her report today on key observations and findings from the 30 June 2018 financial statement audits of agencies in the Transport cluster. Unqualified audit opinions were issued for all agencies' financial statements. However, assessing the fair value of the broad range of transport related assets creates challenges. This repor
The Auditor-General for New South Wales Margaret Crawford found that as NSW state government agencies' digital footprint increases they need to do more to address new and emerging information technology (IT) risks. This is one of the key findings to emerge from the second stand-alone report on internal controls and governance of the 40 largest NSW state government agencies. This report analys
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Infrastructure NSW effectively manages how grant applications for regional assistance programs are assessed and recommended for funding. Its contract management processes are also effective. However, we are unable to conclude whether the objectives of these programs have been achieved as the relevant agencies have not yet measured their benefits, according to a report released today by the Auditor-General for New South Wales, Margaret Crawford.
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The Ministry of Health, NSW Fair Trading, NSW Police Force, and NSW Treasury Corporation are taking steps to strengthen their risk culture, according to a report released today by the Auditor-General, Margaret Crawford. 'Senior management communicates the importance of managing risk to their staff, and there are many examples of risk management being integrated into daily activities', the Auditor-General said. We did find that three of the agencies we e
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A career as a Medical Biller & Coder, an essential position of critical importance in today's medical office, might be for you!
Our MB&C Program prepares you with many of the required skills and knowledge needed in the medical billing and coding field.
Acquire skills in the administrative tasks that keep medical offices running smoothly, such as scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, and billing and coding for insurance purposes.
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UNITED STATES (VOP TODAY NEWS) — The Kremlin said on Friday it still hoped US President Donald Trump's invitation to recognize Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights would remain a "call" and not become an official declaration.
He also said such calls threatened to seriously destabilize the Middle East and undermine efforts to reach a peaceful settlement in the region.
Trump wrote on Twitter on Thursday that it was time to recognize Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights, which occupied the bulk of it in the 1967 Middle East war.


Of two artists behind the release, Croatian native Mate Galić was in the frontline of early German techno and hardtrance movement. Later he could not resist the call of shimmering screens and became a host for VIVA music channel, before moving to managerial positions at Native Instruments and being now the company's CTO/President. Under a number of guises, Robert Babicz aka Rob Acid from Cologne has been integral part of the German scene and he's still busy releasing new material.
Although mainly associated with rave crowds, the two have found several alternatives to accomplish their creativity, if only to mention Galic's Bion moniker and his and Babicz's one-off vehicle Hobby, under the discussion here.
"Rudern Im Stehen" has well stood the test of time and offers four interpretations of hum-infected minimalism. After the disoriented start a vast polygon of bass testing grounds unfolds in "K.O." while in "P.S." tense drone raises anticipation to become confronted with ticking percussion. In the presence of subs "S.O." emits stripped down minimalist tones while "S.W." is the most floor-friendly cut with subtle acid line and obscure voices. One of those underrated releases.


Some of you will already have sewn hundreds of these and for some, it might be your first time. So draw up a chair and follow through as Deby at So Sew Easy shows you her sewing an invisible zipper video tutorial.
If you prefer a photo tutorial, you can find a written step by step with photos as part of the beginners Sew A Skirt series.
Go here to watch the video tutorial and learn how to master sewing an invisible zipper.