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Writing NSW > On Writing > Writers On Writing > Felicity Castagna on what makes a successful short story
Writers On Writing / Felicity Castagna on what makes a successful short story
'The short story has an intensity that cannot be replicated all the way through a longer text like a novel – that's when you know it is a successful story.'
Felicity Castagna is an author and teacher whose debut novel The Incredible Here and Now won the 2014 Prime Minister's Literature Award (YA). She currently teaches creative writing all around Australia.
Short stories have to accomplish so much in a short space. What can short stories do to hook readers?
The answer to the question lies somewhere in an understanding of what the short story is 'about' and on the surface that often isn't very much. In a lot of short stories not much seems to happen. Take for example Nam Le's brilliant short story, 'Love and Honour and Pity and Pride and Compassion and Sacrifice.' Essentially, this is a story about a guy who is trying to write something but gets interrupted by a visit from his father who doesn't appear to appreciate his writing very much.
This work shows that what short stories are really about is not plot but the slice of life that they manage to translate onto the page. This story works more by implication, by mood and atmosphere. It is more about the things that are not said than the things that are said. The limited space the form allows for here enforces a preciseness with language and imagery that you don't always get in the novel. A series of almost non-events are turned into something of profound significance as Le uses them to hint at his father's traumatic past and his inability to really communicate with a son who lives in a present he can't comprehend. The short story has an intensity that cannot be replicated all the way through a longer text like a novel – that's when you know it is a successful story.
Often the hardest part of writing isn't the first draft; it's the second, or the third. What's the best way to go about editing a short story?
Writers need to think really hard about what the one real focus of the story is. There may be mutiple issues or themes raised in a short story but there should always be that one thing that the story is most about. Whatever doesn't move your central focus forward needs to be cut, even if it's just a word or a sentence.
What's the most useful piece of advice on short storytelling you've come across?
CS Lewis argued that the series of events the reader is offered in a short story are only 'a net to catch something else.' I think what he meant by this is that a short story is ultimately about using a small moment in time to make a much larger point about the world we live in.
Felicity's writing course Shaping the Short Story will take place over 6 x Wednesday evenings: 7, 14, 21, 28 February; 7, 14 March 2018, 6:30-9:30pm.
Topics: course, Felicity Castagna, Short Stories
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By Josie Montano
"I have always been open to feedback, even if it hurts my creative pride. I know that somewhere in it is either a 'gem' I can use, or it can trigger my inner critique to emerge and see the manuscript with a different lens."
Writers On Writing / Roanna Gonsalves shares resources for writing diversity
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"As writers, we must consider questions of freedom of speech and expression as being inextricably linked to questions of responsibility, positionality and context. These are ethical questions but they are also questions of craft, skill and imaginative labour."
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"At the micro level, most stories call for a mixture of different modes of prose, such as Scene, Summary, and Pause. That mixture — the duration of the story — can make all the difference to the success of the narrative."


I have been getting more and more inquiries regarding prior clients with regard to their mortgage companies. It appears that the mortgage companies are not reporting their timely payments to the credit bureaus. For this reason, I decided to address it in this blog. The bottom line is that your mortgage company is not required to report your timely payments once you file for chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirm the debt. What you have is a unique situation whereby you still own the property and are allowed to make voluntary payments towards the debt. However, you are no longer legally obligated to make those payments. The bankruptcy code provided for reaffirmation agreements on specific types of property. Your homestead, real estate property was not one of those types of properties that mandated a reaffirmation agreement, redemption or surrender. The legislature was actually protecting homeowners although you might not think so when your credit report doesn't reflect your timely payments.
Here's how you are protected after a chapter 7 bankruptcy filing when you do not reaffirm on a mortgage. You still own the home. You have the right to make payments to your mortgage company to be applied towards your outstanding mortgage balance. The upside is that if something were to happen to you in the future whereby you are not able to make your payments, the mortgage company's only recourse would be to foreclose and take the property back from you. They would not have the ability to sue you for a deficiency judgment or a monetary judgment of any sort. This puts you the homeowner at a critical advantage in terms of keeping the property, yet not being on the hook for a deficiency should a problem arise.
Many former clients are complaining that the credit report doesn't reflect those timely payments that were made after the bankruptcy case was filed. I advise my clients to keep track of their payments, collect all of their mortgage statements, and be in a position to show a future lender or future credit issuer all of the payments that were made. That proof of payment should convince a lender that you are a better credit risk than not despite the fact that the mortgage company is not reporting those payments to the three bureaus. Clients just have to accept the fact that the loan was technically eliminated. Therefore, there is no reason to report the timely payments. Take advantage of other items on your credit report that show your good credit that do get reported. For the mortgage company that doesn't report it, you have the proof of payment in your hand and the proof of the statements showing your balance being reduced each month.
Regrettably, under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, there is no mandatory obligation for a discharged debt from a mortgage company to be reported as a timely payment after the filing. It is simply not required under the law and you cannot force your mortgage company to report those timely payments.


The quality of service and hospitality at Ibis Styles Melun has been identified as outstanding based on consistently high customer review ratings.
Ibis Styles Melun has achieved a score of 81 / 100 based on 47 customer reviews and has therefore qualified to receive an Outstanding Service Award from Go Hotels.
This contemporary hotel on the outskirts of Melun is 4 km from the 17th-century Château de Vaux le Vicomte and 6 km from the ruins of Abbaye royale Notre-Dame du Lys.
The stylish rooms have flat-screen TVs and free Wi-Fi, as well as minibars. Suites add living areas and extra beds.
Amenities include an all-day bar and a traditional French restaurant with a terrace, plus complimentary breakfast and parking. There's also a business center and a kids' video game area.


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Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), also known as acute myeloid leukemia, is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells. The median age of patients with AML is 70; it is rare among children. more...
Myeloid leukemias are characterized as "acute" or "chronic" based on how quickly they progress if not treated. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is often without symptoms and can remain dormant for years before transforming into a blast crisis, which is markedly similar to AML.
Specific chromosomal abnormalities are seen in patients with some forms of AML. These chromosomal abnormalities tend to disrupt genes that encode for transcription factors needed for myeloid stem cells to differentiate into specific blood components. Without differentiation occurring, these myeloid precursor cells fill the bone marrow and spill out into the blood. The overpopulation of the bone marrow with myeloid precursors also results in supression of normal marrow stem cells, giving rise to the symptoms of anemia (lack of red blood cells), thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets), and neutropenia (lack of neutrophils).
World Health Organization (WHO) classification
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) attempts to be more applicable and produce more meaningful prognostic information then the older French-American-British (FAB) criteria, described below.
The WHO criteria are:
AML with characteristic genetic abnormalities, which includes AML with translocations between chromosome 8 and 21 , inversions in chromosome 16 and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Patients with AML in this category generally have a high rate of remission and a better prognosis compared to other types of AML.
AML with multilineage dysplasia. This category includes patients who have had prior myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or a myeloproliferative diseases (MPD) that transforms into AML. This category of AML occurs primarily in elderly patients
AML and MDS, therapy related. This category includes patients who have had prior chemotherapy and/or radiation and subsequently develop AML or MDS.
AML not otherwise categorized. Includes subtypes of AML that do not fall into the above categories.
Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage. Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (also known as mixed phenotype acute leukemia) occur when the leukemic cells can not be classified as either myeloid or lymphoid cells or where both types of cells are present.
French-American-British (FAB) classification
The older French-American-British (FAB) classification system divided AML into 8 subtypes, M0 through to M7 based on the type of cell from which the leukemia developed and degree of maturity. This is done by examining the appearance of the malignant cells under light microscopy or cytogenetically by characterization of the underlying chromosomal abnormality. Each subtype is characterised by a particular pattern of chromosomal translocations and have varying prognoses and responses to therapy. Although the WHO classification is more useful, the FAB system is still in use.
Acute myeloid leukemia and background radiation in an expanded case-referent study
From Archives of Environmental Health, 11/1/90 by Ulf Flodin
A CASE-REFERENT STUDY in Sweden that investigated acute myeloid leukemia and its association with electrical work, low-level gamma radiation from concrete buildings, and other agents was published previously. [1]
We now report on the continuation of that study with an expanded number of cases, i.e., 86 v. 59 included earlier. Fifty-five of the original 59 cases are included in this study.
Cases of acute myeloid leukemia (International Classification of Diseases 1965, ICD 205.00) diagnosed from 1977 to 1985 were collected during 1981 to 1985. The cases in the earlier study were recruited from the medical clinics of the hospitals of Linkoping, Orebro, and Umea, and from the Cytological Department of the hospital of Jonkoping. Their age ranged from 20 to 70 y. The new cases originate from only the hospitals in Linkoping and Orebro. All the cases involved were able to answer a nine-page questionnaire about different exposures, i.e., those too ill to answer the questionnaire were not included in the study. A check for completeness, achieved by comparing the number of cases of acute myeloid leukemia in the study with the number reported to the regional cancer register, revealed that one-half the number of incident cases identified during the study period were enrolled in the study.
Referents were selected from a pool of referents used in earlier studies and were selected primarily from the population register of the study area. Most referents (ages 20-80 y) of the pool were drawn randomly from the study counties. A minor group consisted of referents who were matched for age, gender, and domicile to cases who participated in the previous acute myeloid leukemia study (see introduction). Two referents per case were matched for age, gender, and county, for a total of 172 referents. This design was chosen for economic reasons and to obtain a similar geographical distribution of cases and referents inasmuch as the pool contained a disproportionate number of individuals from southern Sweden. For every case and matched referent, exposure was considered relative to year of diagnosis, i.e., 45-5 years before diagnosis, apart from radiation exposure where a time period of 25-5 years was considered.
All cases and referents in the study answered the same questionnaire (as reported in our previous publication( about chemical exposures during work and leisure time, and medical care--especially x-ray examinations and medical treatments. To account for background radiation, the questionnaire included questions about the construction material (concrete, brick, or wood)of homes and workplaces during a 20-y period (5-25 y prior to diagnosis). Exposure to background ionizing radiation from buildings was categorized into three levels (i.e., I, II, and III). It is assumed that those in the high-exposure group had an exposure that was 10-20 mSv more than that experienced by the low-exposure group.
As for x-ray examination, category 3-6 had an accumulated gamma dose between 10 and >40 mGy, and most of the subjects received 10-20 mGy to the red marrow. Category 1 received less than 1 mGy.
Statistical methods. Statistical analyses of data were based on the Mantel-Haenszel procedure [2] and the Miettinen confounder score technique. [3] The scores were obtained by multiple linear regression with the matching factors included with other variables.
[TABULAR DATA OMITTED]
In the analyses of this expanded material (Table 1), a significnatly elevated risk ratio was seen for gamma radiation category III vs. I (living and working for 14 to 20 y out of a 20-y period in concrete buildings; for further details see previous study [1]). The increased risk was higher in ages 20 to 54 y, as in the previous study. Extensive x-ray examinations (categories 3-6 vs. I), and occupational exposure to gasoline (90% confidence interval, 1.1-6.5) appeared as risk factors.
Therefore, the additional cases and the new set of controls have not changed our previous result with regard to the possible role of ionizing radiation. However, some other previosly noted relationships have turned out to be less stable. Although electrical work showed increased Mantel-Haenzsel rate ratios in both studies, in the most recent study the lower bond of the 95% confidence interval no longer exceeded unity. The occupations, including electrical work, are not identical in this extended study compared with the previous one because electricians (2 cases and 9 referents) were mistakenly not included in the previous study. The inclusion of electricians would have resulted in a crude odds ratio of 2.9 (95% confidence interval 1.3-6.4).
Some of the exposures that previously appeared as risk indicators were not further analyzed in this study, either because of too few subjects being exposed (note that in this study fewer referents were used) or because the crude risk ratios were only slightly increased. Therefore, exposure to styrene, poultry contact, psychotherapeutic drugs, radiological work, and wood preservatives were not analyzed by multivariate methods.
The leukemogenic effect of category III gamma radiation is a stable finding irrespective of the two different referent series used in the previously study and in this expanded and re-evaluated study and also in the exclusive additional part of the material. Furthermore, we have not found any other exposures that would explain this relationship by confounding. It appears likely that low-level gamma radiation from buildings and medical x-rays could play a role for the induction of acute myeloid leukemia but, as is strongly indicated in the original study and in this expanded evaluation, there are other factors that probably contribute to this disorder.
[1] Flodin U. Fredriksson M. Persson B, Hardell L, Axelson O. Background radiation electrical work and somme other exposures associated with acute myeloid leukemia in a case referent study. Arch Environ Health 1986; 41:77-84.
[2] Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspect of analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1959; 23:719-48.
[3] Miettinen, OS. Stratification by a multivariate confounder score. Am J Epidemiol 1976; 104:609-20.
COPYRIGHT 1990 Heldref Publications
Return to Acute myelocytic leukemia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Tiny copper waffle squares inside computer I've been hearing a sound from inside my MSI GE60 laptop for a while now, so I opened it up to find that these two tiny copper waffle squares came loose. They were originally stuck to the board with some black adhesive, so I stuck them on again, but a few days later, they came loose again.

After removing them from the laptop entirely, I haven't noticed any differences in performance, temperature, etc. They look too small to be heat sinks, and they're only attached to corresponding black squares on the board. Needless to say, much searching for "copper waffles on motherboard" and the like turned up nothing at all.
What are they? And what should I do about them?

A: These are heat sinks and must be in place for reliable operation.

*

*The shape of those copper devices is designed to dissipate heat effectively from the part on which they are placed. The "waffle" shape is intended to increase surface area, making it easier to remove heat from the device.

*The heat sinks in question are responsible for cooling SMD inductors (coils) that form part of the CPU voltage regulator module. Without the heat sink, they could overheat when the CPU is under sustained load, which can reduce the service life of the system or cause it to fail altogether.

*Use thermal adhesive to secure the heat sinks back onto the inductors. As Keltari mentioned, be sure they're clean before applying the adhesive; poor contact between the inductor and heat sink can reduce cooling effectiveness.

A: These are indeed heatsinks, but in contrast to what everyone else has said, these are part of a bolt-on aftermarket up-sell modification "upgrade" offered by the laptop distributor, XoticPC, and are for all intents and purposes largely useless. (See : Copper Cooling Upgrade)
The cheap quality of adhesive they used to sticker these things on (wherever they originally put them) should be a testament to just how much nothing they were actually doing for you. Clearly, they've fallen off completely and you didn't even notice.  Luckily they didn't manage to damage anything or short out your motherboard while they were rattling around loose inside your case.
You probably opted-in to this upgrade when you purchased the laptop.  If anything, I'd get in contact with Xotic and try to get your $60 back.  Throw those copper things away, or keep them on your desk as ornaments if you like.  You don't need them in your laptop.

A: The heat sinks are attached to the chip so that they absorb the heat. The air between the waffles cools down the absorbed heat; as a result, a constant temperature is maintained.

A: As others have already responded, the blocks are heatsinks. But I don't believe the location in the image is where they are supposed to go. In fact, I don't think they're normally supposed to be in there at all! As you can see in other images of the GE60 motherboard, the waffles are nowhere to be found:

Did you happen to buy your laptop used? If so, you may have ended up with a retrofitted system, for example using the process outlined on this overclocking thread:
"...As of right now all I did was put two low-profile heatsinks on top of the GPU heatsink..."

A: They are heat sinks.  You definitely should put them back on, as they are there for a reason.  If the chips below it get too hot, they could be damaged.
I would purchase some thermal adhesive to reapply them.  Do not buy thermal paste, as that will not bond them back together.  Be sure to clean the heat sinks and the chips with some rubbing alcohol to remove old adhesive and dirt.

A: They can be considered to be 'Heat Sinks' whatever may be the shape. Yes, if they were initially present in your Laptop they're still required for now & future. I recommend you to put it back on the place/chip from where you took it after properly cleaning them & using thermal adhesive (As other users have explained). You're not seeing any performance changes but may be in future it can give you problems & may also decrease the service life of your that particular Laptop Motherboard component from where you removed that heat sink. So put it back on the chip. However you may have seen many small heat sinks, like you've mentioned in this question,on desktops motherboard. They supposed to be present there for giving better heat dissipation when that particular chip is over loaded or under heavy use. So put that heat sink back on same place.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ask 50 different nutritionists what to eat and you'll get 50 different answers. But here are three things just about all of them will agree on.
When trying to lose weight, it's easy to get overwhelmed. It helps if you can treat it like a game and "level up" one step at a time.
Like it or not – losing weight will need to include some moderation of your food intake. In this article, we'll talk about the research on weight loss, and how to successfully lose weight by reducing your intake without feeling overwhelmed and deprived.


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Construction Industry Analysis
Swarming with uncertainty
The Associated General Contractors of America's chief economist points to several categories of uncertainty under a new president and Congress.
Kristin Smith | March 2017
A new administration and Congress could echo in a new era for the U.S. construction industry. But no one is certain the what implications new labor, trade and fiscal policy, among other factors, will be for the construction industry.
Ken Simonson, chief economist, the Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), Arlington, Virginia, addressed this topic during the National Demolition Association's (NDA's) Demolition 2017 Convention & Expo, held in late January in Las Vegas.
Simonson noted construction spending reached its peak 11 years ago in February 2006. It has been climbing steadily since 2011, according to U.S. Census Bureau data, but even now, it is 2 percent below the peak without taking inflation into consideration.
Construction employment figures show employment topped out two months after spending did in April 2006 and bottomed out at the same time at the beginning of 2011. It has a much more gradual climb up so that even as of December 2016, employment was still 13 percent below its peak.
"You might think there are plenty of workers left, but as I think all of you know, that isn't necessarily true for most of the industry and most of the country," he told attendees.
2016 was a flat year for construction employment, according to Simonson. He said the industry added 102,000 workers for the year, which was a 1.5 percent growth rate—the same growth rate as the overall economy but only a third of the workers it added the previous year.
In late 2016, Simonson said, media was reporting that companies were holding off on investment and hiring because of uncertainty of the election outcome. He was not convinced.
"Now I feel like there is more uncertainty than there was before," he said. "Every morning we wake up and hear about some new Tweet or proclamations that are overturning what has been going on. Some of this is positive for construction, but other things, I think, either are big negatives or at least adding a lot of uncertainties."
Simonson said he sees at least six different types of uncertainties affecting construction, and discussed the following seven.
#1 Infrastructure
The first is regarding huge investment in infrastructure—as much as $1 trillion over 10 years.
"Obviously that would mean a lot of work for the demolition industry as well as the construction industry," remarked Simonson. "But we haven't seen any specifics on how that would actually be paid for, who would decide what types of infrastructure projects and what specific projects would be done. And we are also hearing a lot of skepticism in Congress about whether it should be done at a time when the economy is at close to full employment. Do we really need this kind of stimulus?"
Simonson said there is agreement that much infrastructure in the country is worn out, functionally obsolete or unsafe and should be replaced, but Congress and some states are not willing to increase taxes or shift funds to pay for these projects.
#2 Immigration
"This has both direct and indirect consequences for construction," said Simonson. "Historically the construction industry and probably the demolition industry also has relied heavily on immigrant workers."
If the borders are shut down or tightened up, it could reduce the pool of workers for these types of jobs, notes Simonson. Even if construction and demolition companies are not disproportionately employing immigrants, we've reached a point where the number of Americans retiring is just about equal to the number coming into the work force, he said. A border tightening could threaten the U.S. growth rate.
"If we are going to achieve higher economic growth rate, we are either going to need more workers or more productivity," said Simonson.
#3 Trade policy
Simonson said the initial moves may look favorable for construction if companies decide to retain or increase their productive capacities here in the U.S. He warned, however, that other countries could begin taking counter measures. He added that if the U.S. is trying to put on new taxes or tariffs to force companies to produce here, all of the industries that rely on exports and imported goods, including construction, could be losers.
"The net impact on the U.S. economy and on the construction firms that rely on all of those segments could also be negative," Simonson says.
And the survey says…
Ken Simonson, chief economist Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), Arlington, Virginia, points to two surveys on construction show a favorable outlook. On Jan. 10, the AGC and Sage, Atlanta, released a survey of 1,281 contractors that was conducted in November through mid-December. "On balance, the contractors were more optimistic about the dollar volume of work available to bid on in 2017 than they had been in the previous six years of the survey," notes Simonson. "Only 9 percent of those respondents expect the volume to shrink, compared with 46 percent who expect the volume to increase, for a net positive reading of 36 percent. The remaining 45 percent expect volumes to remain roughly constant.
For the first time in the survey's history, respondents were upbeat, on net, regarding all 13 business segments included in the survey, Simonson reports. "Contractors were most optimistic, on balance, about hospital construction and retail, warehouse and lodging construction, with net positive readings of 23 percent for both categories, followed by private office construction (20 percent net positive)."
Readings for manufacturing were double-digit net positive (18 percent); highway and public building construction (15 percent apiece); higher education, K-12 school, and water and sewer construction (14 percent each); other transportation (such as transit, rail and airport projects) and multifamily (11 percent each); and power (10 percent).
All of these scores, except for multifamily, were higher than in the 2016 survey, reports Simonson. "Even spending on federal projects—the one negative score in that survey—had a net positive reading in the 2017 survey.
"The optimism is a bit surprising, given that construction appears to have slowed in the second half of 2016. Employment in the industry rose by 102,000, or 1.5 percent, last year, only about one-third as many workers as were hired in 2015. And employment increased in just 32 states and barely half (183, or 51 percent) of the 358 metro areas for which the Bureau of Labor Statistics provides construction figures.
The American Institute of Architects reported on Jan. 27 that its latest "consensus" forecast of economists who follow construction closely predicts a 5.6 percent increase in nonresidential building construction in 2017. That would be a slight pickup from the gain estimated by the Census Bureau for 2016.
"That panel also was widely optimistic across market segments, particularly regarding office space, with a predicted 11 percent increase in spending," says Simonson. Next came amusement and recreation (8 percent), hotels and retail (7 percent each), education (6 percent) and healthcare facilities (5 percent). Expectations were roughly flat for industrial facilities and slightly negative for public safety (-1 percent) and religious structures (-2 percent).
#4 Regulatory relief
"We've seen some bold moves by President Trump starting within hours of his taking office," said Simonson, referencing the freeze on regulations that were not yet final. He said Trump also announced that agencies would have to repeal two regulations for every one they adopted.
Simonson said the AGC sent the Trump transition team a 55-page document listing regulations it would like to see rolled back or modified, though he noted, "The reality is that for building contractors, a lot of regulation is at the local or state level."
He told attendees not to hold their breath that some of the regulations that have already been finalized would be rolled back, as it would be a lengthy process to rewrite them.
#5 Fiscal policy
"Both President Trump and House republicans seem determined to go forward with a major tax reduction," Simonson said. "As yet, they don't appear to be talking about the same type of tax reduction in terms of the categories that would be affected."
Which tax rates are cut will make a difference in what kind of tax bill contractors are facing. If individual tax rates are cut, but they are paid for by scaling back deductions on property taxes or depreciation in structures, that could impact property developers.
#6 monetary policy
Monetary policy is clearly being affected by the new uncertainty under how much the deficit is going to expand, according to Simonson.
"We've seen interest rates have recently moved up a percentage point, and are much more in flux than they have been," he said. "This, too will have implications for construction costs."
#7 health care reform
A seventh area of uncertainty having an effect on construction and employers is the expected repeal and possible replacement of the Affordable Care Act, said Simonson.
"Until hospitals know what kind of utilization and reimbursement rates they are going to receive under whatever replaces the Affordable Care Act, they may hold off on doing construction," he said.
He added that hospital construction usually involves demolition first because it usually consists of expanding or modernizing an existing hospital or two older hospitals being replaced by a new one.
Demolition 2017 Convention & Expo, hosted by the NDA, was Jan. 29-31, at The Mirage, Las Vegas.
The author is editor of Construction & Demolition Recycling and can be reached at ksmith@gie.net.
Regulation-related recovery
Explore the March 2017 Issue


Malicious software has been a problem since the early 1980, when viruses were normally transferred by floppy disks.
Email was then quickly adopted by malware, as well as, to a lesser extent, other transmission methods. Malware threats thus could spread far more quickly.
Malware is a continuing problem. New threats have evolved, such as phishing. where someone is tricked into disclosing sensitive information. And new methods of transmission are constantly being developed. An ongoing cat-and-mouse game is played between the malware developers, and malware control vendors.


text:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class PortraitFlipTest : MonoBehaviour {

	void Update ()
	{
		Transform t = gameObject.transform.FindChild("Canvas/JohnCharacter");

		if (t == null)
		{
			return;
		}

		if (t.transform.localScale.x != -1f)
		{
			IntegrationTest.Fail("Character object not flipped horizontally");
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Though relatively few safari outfits run trips there – or even know the area from experience rather than mere hearsay – the western reaches of the Farafra depression are no less fascinating than the White Desert.
The Hidden Valley
(Wadi al-Ubayyid) behind the Qus Abu Said Plateau looks superficially similar but is more geologically diverse, with volcanic massifs as well as chalk yardangs.
The northerly route into the valley passes the well of Bir Bednui; a 20-metre-high pinnacle called Al-Qabur ("The Chisel"); and humped monoliths known as Hummocks. In the 1990s, Italian archaeologists found the remains of a prehistoric village beside a long-vanished lake, leading to the discovery of the Al-Ubayyid Cave 50m up a cliff-face.
Its three chambers contain rock art, with engravings of gazelles and cattle, and the blown-outlines of human hands. The cave is officially off-limits but some safaris visit it nonetheless.
Further west stands the Infidel Rock, an anthropomorphic rock formation that locals believe marks the last known location of the fabled Lost Army of Cambyses. Sphinx Valley is a locality where almost every yardang calls to mind (and might even have inspired) the famous monument near the Giza Pyramids. The plain beyond is dominated by huge chalk inselbergs, or isolated hills, prompting local safari operators to dub this the New White Desert.
Ain Della
Until a decade ago the New White Desert was off-limits due to the proximity of Ain Della ("Spring of the Shade"), which has played an epic part in the history of the Western Desert as the last waterhole before the Great Sand Sea.
Used by raiders and smugglers since antiquity, explorers in the 1920s and 1930s, and the Long Range Desert Group in World War II, it now has a garrison of Egyptian Border Guards. This elite force pursues smugglers using jeeps (rather than camels, as in the days of the Frontier Camel Corps), roaming up to 200km into the Great Sand Sea on four-day patrols. The spring-water is sweet to drink and allows the soldiers the luxury of showers at their barracks in the middle of nowhere.


Do you have a passion for graphic design? Are you interested in gaining experience working in sport? Do you love Rugby League?
Wests Tigers are looking for a skilled and enthusiastic graphic design student to join the Club as a graphic design interns.
You'll have the opportunity to work with the Wests Tigers digital team and assist with creating a range of graphic design content for the Club's digital channels.
If you're looking to get a start in the industry then get in touch with us.
To express your interest email media@weststigers.com.au with some information about yourself and a link to some examples of what you can do.
If you're interested in being involved please get in touch by 5pm Tuesday 21 June, 2016.


The Maldives is always warm and nearly always sunny. The year round temperature is consistently between 26 and 30°c.
Two distinct seasons divide the year. The Northeast Monsoon (monsoons are essentially wind directions) runs from December to April, creating the tourist high season with little rainfall, open blue skies and constant sunshine.
The Southwest Monsoon runs from May to November. During this period it is still dry and sunny but with sporadic rain and cloud cover. Only at the turn of the two seasons – November into December, and in May – can the weather be persistently inclement.
At least that is how it always has been. You will not be surprised to hear that the weather has become far less predictable in the last few years.
The Maldives' Department of Meteorology gives more detailed information on the climate as well as a three day forecast.


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Q: Variable not changing, stays at 0 I'm trying to make an incremental type game. There is this website ,dmholley.co.uk, that gives the basic code.
The Problem: After buying cursors, the number of cursors does not change. It simply stays at 0.
Here is the index.html

        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title></title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="interface.css" />

    <button onclick="cookieClick(1)">Click Me!</button>

    Cookies: 0

    <button onclick="buyCursor()">Buy Cursor </button>

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A: You have to click "Click me" at least 10 times for anything to happen.
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Easy to fix!


text:
What are the two basic capacities of John Rawls?
Lauren Studer
Rawls proposes two fundamental talents that individuals would recognize in themselves. First, people understand that they have the ability to establish, pursue, and change a vision of the good, or a life plan. However, the individual does not yet know what kind of notion of the good this is. Second, people grasp that they can also act on this ability in order to achieve certain ends.
These two ideas form the basis of Rawls's account of agency. He claims that "the concept of agency as such presupposes both a capacity for self-determination and a will to choose" (1971: 7). A person who could not choose anything for herself would be capable but not responsible. On the other hand, a person who did not possess the capacity for self-determination but who had no choice anyway would be able to choose but not responsible because she did not want to make any choices at all.
So agency requires both a capacity for self-determination and a will to choose. Rawls says very little about the nature of these powers except to note that they involve reason and desire, respectively. However, he does provide some examples to illustrate how these two capacities work together in practice. For example, an agent who wants to do something but lacks the knowledge required to accomplish it cannot be said to have chosen to do so.
Why is Rawls important?
What are the main ideas of John Rawls on justice?
What is the theory of John Rawls?
How does John Rawls' philosophy differ from utilitarian philosophy?
Rawls is widely regarded as one of the twentieth century's most prominent political thinkers. According to Rawls' idea of "justice as fairness," equal basic rights, equality of opportunity, and advancing the interests of society's most disadvantaged members are all recommended. In addition, Rawls also proposed two principles called the "two principles of justice." The first principle says that institutions should be set up so that all individuals have an equal chance to achieve their full potentialities as free and responsible agents. The second principle states that people should be treated equally, regardless of their social or economic status.
Rawls' work has had a major influence on both liberal and communitarian theories of justice. His emphasis on basic liberties, his defense of the priority of social over individual goods, and his discussion of social classes all make him a significant contributor to contemporary political thought.
Furthermore, many commentators regard Rawls as being responsible for bringing post-traditional ideas back into fashion within academic circles. Prior to Rawls, most philosophers believed that only traditional forms of justice were possible. But by demonstrating how a modern theory of justice could be formulated, Rawls showed that non-traditional ideas had not been completely ruled out as possibilities.
Finally, many observers see Rawls as having revived interest in political philosophy which had fallen into decline following the publication of John Stuart Mill's On Liberty in 1859.
Rawls argues in A Theory of Justice for a coherent reconciliation of liberty and equality that is intended to apply to the fundamental structure of a well-ordered society. He starts with the idea that every person has inherent dignity and worth, which no social arrangement can take away. People therefore have equal basic rights, which include the right to freedom and security, as well as rights to economic opportunity, fair decision-making, and participation in political life.
These concepts form the basis of Rawls's two principles of justice: (1) maximum liberty and (2) equal treatment. Under the first principle, individuals should be free from arbitrary interference with their liberty, but also have limits placed on this freedom in order to protect others from harm. Under the second principle, all citizens deserve equal access to the public good, such as security and prosperity. These two principles must be satisfied simultaneously if social order is to be just.
Rawls believes that an agreement between these two principles is possible because any system of rules and regulations will necessarily limit our freedom in some way, even if only implicitly. For example, people cannot be expected to break laws they do not know exist. However, even though most restrictions on liberty are necessary to preserve order, it is still unfair when certain people or groups are subject to more restrictive measures than others.
John Rawls (born 1921; died 2002) was a liberal-minded American political philosopher. His justice as fairness idea envisions a community of free persons with equal basic rights functioning within an equitable economic framework. The aim of this scheme is to ensure that no one is born into poverty and no one can be made poor by other people's decisions.
Rawls's most famous work, A Theory of Justice, was published in 1971. It introduced the concept of "justice as fairness" and argued that a fair system of justice should also be a just system.
Rawls started out as a student of Bertrand Russell at Harvard University but left after one year to work for the United States government during World War II. After the war he returned to Harvard where he received his PhD in economics. He then moved to the University of Chicago, where he became a professor of sociology and philosophy.
In 1971 Rawls published A Theory of Justice, which has since become a classic of social justice literature. The book starts out with a very general discussion about justice and ends up proposing a particular system: "fairness as equality before the law".
Rawls's main idea is that everyone should be treated equally, but not necessarily in all aspects of their life.
In contrast to utilitarianism, Rawls views political philosophy as more than just applied moral philosophy. The utilitarian adheres to a single universal moral principle ("maximize utility"), which she applies to individual behaviors, political constitutions, international relations, and any other issue as necessary. By contrast, for Rawls, the aim of political philosophy is to provide a framework within which citizens can make reasonable choices about social cooperation: it is a theory of justice.
Rawls' approach to ethics is also different from that of most other philosophers. He does not try to give an exhaustive list of all possible actions nor do he attempt to show that one action is better than another. His goal is merely to describe a fair system of cooperation that would be acceptable to rational agents who have considered the issues involved in order to choose it.
Utilitarianism arose at a time when society was primitive and people had little choice but to work together in groups. If all they wanted to do was maximize their own personal benefit, then there was no reason to believe that they would choose a social arrangement that served others above themselves. Rawls argues that we now live in a world where everyone has options regarding how they will cooperate with others so it is reasonable to expect them to want a system of cooperation that serves their interests as well as those of others.
Rawls also disagrees with certain aspects of utilitarianism.
Lauren Studer is a lifestyle writer who loves to share advice for women. She enjoys cooking new recipes, learning about social media trends, and have her work and personal life well balanced.
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text:
Jazz Genres
Don Patterson – Boppin' & Burnin' (Full Album)
Boppin' & Burnin' is an album by organist Don Patterson recorded in 1968 and released on the Prestige label. "Although organist Don Patterson is the leader of this set that in 1998 was reissued on [More]
Sonny Stitt – Pow!
Pow! is an album by saxophonist Sonny Stitt featuring trombonist Benny Green recorded in 1965 and released on the Prestige label in 1967. "Altoist Sonny Stitt and trombonist Benny Green make for a potent team [More]
Hampton Hawes – Playin' In The Yard (Full Album)
Playin' in the Yard is a live album by jazz keyboardist Hampton Hawes recorded at the 1973 Montreux Jazz Festival for the Prestige label. Track listing: "Playin' in the Yard" (Sonny Rollins) – 10:57 "Double [More]
Coleman Hawkins – Blues Groove
Blues Groove is an album by saxophonist Coleman Hawkins with guitarist Tiny Grimes recorded in 1958 and released on the Prestige label. "This music will appeal to fans of Grimes' vintage electric guitar and to [More]
Red Holloway – The Burner (Full Album)
The Burner' is an album by saxophonist Red Holloway recorded in 1963 and released on the Prestige label. Track listing: "Monkey Sho' Can Talk" (Red Holloway) – 3:36 "Brethren" (Red Holloway) – 5:05 "Crib Theme" [More]
Pony Poindexter With Booker Ervin – Gumbo! (Full Album)
Gumbo! is an album by saxophonists Pony Poindexter and Booker Ervin which was released on the Prestige label in 1963. The 1999 CD reissue added eight unreleased selections from earlier sessions, three led by Poindexter [More]
Shirley Scott – Drag 'em Out (Full Album)
Drag 'em Out is an album by organist Shirley Scott recorded in 1963 and released on the Prestige label. Track listing: "Drag 'em Out" (Shirley Scott) – 15:46 "The Second Time Around" (Sammy Cahn, Jimmy [More]
Gene Ammons – Bad! Bossa Nova (Full Album)
Bad! Bossa Nova is an album by saxophonist Gene Ammons recorded in 1962 and released on the Prestige label. It was also re-released as Jungle Soul! (Ca' Purange). "This was Ammons' final recording before "being [More]
Richard 'Groove' Holmes – The Groover (Full Album)
The Groover! is an album by jazz organist Richard "Groove" Holmes which was recorded in 1968 and released on the Prestige label. "Holmes acquits himself well, if with few surprises, on this trio session with [More]
Red Holloway – Red Soul (Full Album)
Red Soul is an album by saxophonist Red Holloway recorded in 1965 and released on the Prestige label. "Good to get, if you can find it. Holloway with Lonnie Smith on organ and George Benson [More]
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Golf Australia has altered the guidelines under which Amateurs can apply to receive payment for giving golf instruction. These changes encourage the greater delivery of programs aimed at introducing and/or engaging people in golf.
Golf Australia has worked with the PGA of Australia in setting the guidelines under which amateur golfers can apply to Golf Australia for approval to receive payment for instruction as part of a Golf Australia compliant program.
These guidelines encourage amateurs to work with PGA members in growing the game while also encouraging the provision of coaching in rural and remote areas.


text:
Home Research > Members > 1604-1629 > HOLLES, Denzil (1598-1680)
HOLLES, Denzil (1598-1680), of Dorchester Friary, Dorset and Damerham, Wilts.
Published in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604-1629, ed. Andrew Thrush and John P. Ferris, 2010
Holles, Denzil (1598-1680)
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1640 (Apr.)
DORCHESTER1
1640 (Nov.)
1661 - 20 Apr. 1661
b. 31 Oct. 1598, 2nd s. of Sir John Holles* and Anne, da. of Sir Thomas Stanhope† of Shelford, Notts., bro. of John*.2 educ. Christ's, Camb. 1613, BA 1615, MA 1616; G. Inn 1615; travelled abroad 1618-19.3 m. (1) 4 June 1626, Dorothy (d. 21 June 1640), da. and h. of Sir Francis Ashley* of Dorchester Friary, 4s. (3 d.v.p.); (2) 12 Mar. 1642, Jane (bur. 25 Apr. 1666), da. and coh. of Sir John Shurley* of Isfield, Suss., wid. of Sir Walter Covert* of Slaugham and John Freke* of Westbrooke House, Upwey, Dorset, s.p.; (3) 14 Sept. 1666, Esther (d.1684), da. and coh. of Gideon le Lou of Colombiers, Normandy, wid. of Jacques Richer of Combernon, s.p. cr. Bar. Holles of Ifield 20 Apr. 1661. d. 17 Feb. 1680.4
Freeman, Dorchester 1628,5 Poole, Dorset 1671;6 capt. militia ft. W. Dorset 1636;7 commr. sewers, Dorset 1638, Westminster 1660, 1672-3, Bedford Great Level 1662, Mdx. 1667, 1671;8 j.p. Dorset by 1640-2, 1660-at least 1664, Hants 1641-2, Wilts. 1641-2, 1660-at least 1664, custos rot. Dorset 1641-2, 1660-at least 1664;9 commr. oyer and terminer, Western circ. 1641-2, 1660-at least 1673,10 subsidy, Dorset 1641-2, Bristol 1642;11 ld. lt. Bristol 1642; commr. sequestration, Dorset and Wilts. 1643, execution of ordinances, 1644, defence, Wilts. 1644, Surr. 1645, assessment Dorset and Wilts. 1644, 1647, 1660-1, Surr. 1645, 1647, Notts. 1637, Northern Assoc., Notts. 1645; gov. of Covent Garden precinct, Westminster 1646; commr. appeals, Oxf. Univ. 1647, militia, Bristol and Notts. 1648, Dorset and Wilts. 1648, 1660.12
Commr. relief of the king's army and northern counties 1641, raising and levying money for the defence of Eng. and Ire.,13 affairs of Ire. 1642;14 member, cttee. of safety 1642-3,15 sequestration 1643-4,16 navy and customs 1644-?,17 commr. treaty of Uxbridge 1645, Admlty. 1645-8, propositions for relief of Ireland 1645, abuses in heraldry 1646, exclusion from sacrament 1646, sale of bps' lands 1646, indemnity 1647, compounding 1647-8, scandalous offences 1648; cllr. of state 25 Feb.-31 May 1660,18 PC 1 June 1660-7 Jan. 1676, 24 June 1679-d.;19 commr. trade 1660-72, plantations 1660-70;20 high steward to Queen Catharine of Braganza 1662-d.;21 amb. France 1663-6; plenip. Breda 1667;22 commr. subsidy, peerage 1671.23
Col. of ft. (parl.) 1642.24
Holles was one of Prince Charles's closest boyhood companions. Despite his 'low voice', he was accorded a part in the Clare Hall production of Ignoramus, a play satirizing the legal profession, in March 1615. The king was so delighted that he ordered a second performance in May, much to the fury of Sir Edward Coke*, who 'galled and glanced at scholars with much bitterness'. His intention of joining the prince in Madrid in 1623 was not carried through. Instead he went to Dorset to visit Sir Francis Ashley, presumably in an attempt to persuade him to consent to his courtship of Ashley's daughter Dorothy, which was initially opposed by both families.25
Although the principal estates of Holles' father lay in Nottinghamshire, the family also owned property in Cornwall, including the manor of Denzell, from which Holles derived his first name. The manor was eight miles from Mitchell, for which borough Holles was returned in 1624 after his elder brother John chose to sit for the Nottinghamshire borough of East Retford. Holles left no trace on the records of the last Jacobean Parliament, unless it was he rather than his brother who was named to attend the conference with the Lords of 22 May 1624 on the effect of the monopolies bill on the wine licences.26
On the accession of Charles I Holles reputedly refused to be made a knight of the Bath or to participate in the coronation masque.27 There is no evidence that he sought election to the first two Caroline Parliaments. In June 1626 he finally married Dorothy Ashley, and the couple took up residence in Dorchester, where his father-in-law was the recorder and where Holles, like Ashley, became a friend of the renowned puritan minister John White, the so-called 'Patriarch of Dorchester'. Sir Francis Ashley settled lands worth £600 a year on the couple, while Holles' father made over his Cornish property to them. Although then worth only £40 a year, it was thought these lands were capable of being improved to yield £250. In addition Holles received a legacy of £600 from his maternal grandmother.28
On 9 Aug. 1627 Holles wrote to his sister's husband, Sir Thomas Wentworth*, reporting on the impact of the war on the economy of the West Country: 'all trading is dead, our wools lie upon our hands, our men are not set on work, our ships lie in our ports unoccupied to be sold as cheap as firewood; land, sheep, cattle - nothing will yield money'. He complained of the disorders of the soldiers, and that at sea few prizes had been taken. Those that had been captured were not worth much, for 'by that time my lord admiral and his vice-admirals be satisfied, and all other rights and wrongs be discharged, a slender gleaning is left to the taker'. He joked that 'the most prizes most common nowadays are ... rebellious gentlemen', like Wentworth, 'who will not open their purse-strings and supply His Majesty's wants for the maintenance of the wars, and my lord duke's expenses ..., in war and peace'. Writing again after the disaster at Ré he opined: 'this only every man knows, that since England was England it received not so dishonourable a blow'.29
Holles presumably owed his return for Dorchester in 1628 to his father-in-law, who had previously sat for the borough. He was made free of the corporation on the same day as the election. In the 1628 session he received three committee appointments and made as many recorded speeches. He was among those ordered on 24 Apr. to report on the lists of recusants brought in by the knights of the shire. In his first recorded speech on 30 May he argued that the House should resolve by a single question whether a patent concerning the drawing up legal documents was a grievance rather than vote on the various points at issue individually. On 10 June he spoke against the estate bill promoted by the 2nd earl of Devonshire (Sir William Cavendish I*), a major East Midlands landowner, arguing that Devonshire's cousin, the 1st Viscount Newark (Robert Pierrepont†) had an interest in the estate but had not consented to the bill. Together with Wentworth he was appointed a teller against the bill, but as the noes agreed to yield there was no division. On the pardon proffered by the king, he declared on 13 June that 'many good subjects should take little benefit by it as it now is'. His other committees were to examine the registration of pawnbrokers and to consider a petition against Sir Edward Mosley* (17, 18 June).30
In the 1629 session Holles was named to committees for bills to explain the Recusancy Act of 1606 (28 Jan.) and to reverse a decree in the Court of Wards (19 February). On 23 Feb. he urged the House to punish the customs farmers who had seized goods from those merchants who were refusing to pay Tunnage and Poundage.31 He came to national prominence by his share in the tumult that brought the Parliament to an end, being one of the Members, led by Sir John Eliot, who met after Parliament had been adjourned on 25 Feb. at the Three Cranes tavern to work out their tactics.32 How Holles was recruited to this group is unknown, but it may have had something to do with his connection with Cornwall, the native county of Eliot and the latter's ally William Coryton. Another member of this group, Benjamin Valentine, had previously been a servant of Holles' father's patron, Robert Carr, 1st earl of Somerset.33 Fearing that a dissolution was imminent, Holles and his associates determined to put on record a formal declaration against the unparliamentary collection of Tunnage and Poundage, and to protest against the growth of anti-Calvinism in the church. However, they suspected that the Speaker, John Finch II, would attempt to adjourn the sitting again immediately. Consequently, when the Commons reassembled on 2 Mar., Holles and Valentine arrived early and sat next to the Speaker. These seats were usually occupied by the privy councillors, but Holles subsequently alleged that 'he had at other times as well as then seated himself in that place', and claimed precedence, presumably as an earl's son, over the privy councillors at any time other than at a meeting of the Council. As anticipated, Finch delivered a message from the king ordering another adjournment, but as he tried to rise Holles and Valentine held him down. Resisting the attempts of the privy councillors to free the Speaker, Holles swore 'by God's wounds you shall sit till we please to rise'. 'Are we a Parliament, or no Parliament?' he demanded. 'Are we assembled by the by the king, trusted for the good and safety of the king? The laws and liberties? Or are we not?' In reply to Finch's expression of anxiety about disobeying the king, Holles retorted that the Speaker was obliged to obey the Commons and 'that will secure you'. Eliot thereupon read out the declaration, but in the ensuing uproar he panicked and burned the document. Consequently, when John Selden called for a vote, Eliot was unable to produce the paper again. Having gone thus far, Holles was understandably angry with Eliot and rebuked him, but fortunately he had his own copy available, which he proceeded to read to the House while Black Rod fumed outside the locked door. According to some versions of events the paper was then carried by acclamation, whereupon the Commons dispersed.34
Together with eight other Members of the Commons suspected of plotting the 2 Mar. disturbance, Holles was summoned before the Privy Council on 4 March. Under questioning he claimed that 'he came into the House that morning with as great zeal to do His Majesty service as anyone whatsoever' but 'finding His Majesty was displeased with him, he humbly desired that he might rather be the subject of his mercy than his power'. He was imprisoned in the Tower until November, when, at the importunity of his wife and her parents, he submitted to be bound over, with his father-in-law and William Noye* as his sureties. Indicted before King's Bench with Eliot and Valentine, they disputed the jurisdiction of that court over anything said or done in Parliament, and it was not until 12 Feb. 1630 that judgment was reached. He was fined 1,000 marks, but avoided making payment for as long as he could.35 Meanwhile the Dorchester corporation gave him a standing-cup worth 20 marks to mark their appreciation of his services in this Parliament.36
Holles' actions on 2 Mar. 1629 established him as a national political figure. He refused to pay Ship Money in the 1630s and was re-elected for Dorchester to both the Short and Long Parliaments, in which he emerged as one of the most prominent Members of the Commons. One of the Five Members accused of treason by Charles I in January 1642, he took up arms for Parliament, but subsequently became a leading supporter of a compromise peace. He was again accused of treason by the New Model Army in 1647 and was subsequently secluded from Parliament. After living privately for most the 1650s he was raised to the peerage after the Restoration, becoming a prominent diplomat and privy councillor in the 1660s. In the following decade he was a leading critics of the policies of lord treasurer Danby (Sir Thomas Osborne†), although he opposed the exclusion of the future James II. He drafted his will on 26 July 1670, added a codicil on 9 Mar. 1679, and was buried in St. Peter's, Dorchester on 10 Apr. 1680. His son and heir, Sir Francis, after sitting for the Cornish borough of Lostwithiel as a recruiter and for Wiltshire under the Protectorate, was returned for Dorchester at both elections of 1679.37
Author: John. P. Ferris
1. Disabled 27 Jan. 1648, readmitted 8 June, did not sit after Pride's Purge 6 Dec. and readmitted 21 Feb. 1660.
2. CP, vi. 545.
3. Al. Cant.; GI Admiss.; APC, 1618-19, p. 100; Letters of John Holles ed. P.R. Seddon (Thoroton Soc. Rec. ser. xxxv), 230.
4. CP, vi. 546; Eg. 784, f. 88v.
5. C.H. Mayo, Municipal Recs. of Bor. of Dorchester, 425.
6. Dorset RO, DC/PL/B/1/1.
7. Dorset RO, D84 (official).
8. C181/5, f. 113; 181/7, ff. 38, 148, 412, 586, 627, 632.
9. C66/2858; C231/5, pp. 475, 478, 481, 495, 528-30; Perfect List of all such Persons as by Commission under Great Seal of Eng. are now Confirmed to be Custos Rotulorum, Justices of Oyer and Terminer, Justices of the Peace and Quorum (1660), pp. 13, 59; C193/12/3, ff. 23, 109v.
10. C181/5, ff. 189, 221; 181/7, ff. 94, 636.
11. SR, v. 83, 150-1.
12. A. and O. i. 2, 111, 116, 459, 460, 475, 542, 544, 624, 707, 731, 815, 927, 464, 964, 971, 976-7, 1234, 1236, 1240, 1244; ii. 1430, 1445; SR, v. 211, 221.
13. SR, v. 78, 167.
14. Jnls. Mar.-June 1642, 403.
15. CJ, ii. 651; LJ, vi. 348.
16. SP20/1/1, f. 62v; 20/1/2, f. 163.
17. CJ, iii. 670.
18. A. and O. i. 609, 669, 723, 839, 853, 905, 914, 937, 1208; ii. 1418.
19. CP, vi. 546.
20. Officials of Boards of Trade comp. J.C. Sainty, 101.
21. CTB, iv. 154; PC2/55, f. 30; SP29/47/116.
22. Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives comp. G.M. Bell, 24, 115.
23. C66/3125/14.
24. P. Crawford, Denzil Holles, 80-2.
25. Crawford, 12-13; Letters of John Holles ed. P.R. Seddon (Thoroton Soc. Rec. ser. xxxi), 63; Chamberlain Letters ed. N.E. McClure, i. 598.
26. Letters of John Holles ed. P.R. Seddon (Thoroton Soc. Rec. ser. xxxvi), 512; CJ, i. 709a.
27. G. Holles, Mems. of Holles Fam. ed. A.C Wood (Cam. Soc. ser. 3, lv), 102.
28. Letters of John Holles, 152; Crawford, 15, 26-7.
29. Strafforde Letters (1739) ed. W. Knowler, i. 40, 42.
30. CD 1628, iii. 61; iv. 31, 220, 230, 300, 345, 362.
31. CD 1629, p. 236.
32. Crawford, 20.
33. While visiting his Cornish relations Holles' gt.-uncle, Gervase Holles, had met, fought a duel with, and struck up a 'hearty friendship', with William Coryton's fa. Holles, 127.
34. CD 1629, pp. 104-5, 171-2, 226-7, 240, 243-4; Lansd. 93, f. 138; I.H.C. Fraser, 'Agitation in the Commons, 2 Mar. 1629', BIHR, xxx. 91.
35. Crawford, 23-5; Lansd. 93, f. 138.
36. Eg. 784, f. 77v.
37. Crawford, 30; Oxford DNB; R. Ashton, Civil War, 193-4; PROB 11/362, f. 163v-5v; CP, vi. 546; HP Commons, 1660-88, ii. 563.


When writing this letter to the Colossian church, the aim of the apostle Paul was to make much of Jesus - His centrality in all things, His supremacy over all creation, His sufficiency for daily living. Paul reminded them of their new identity as the family of Christ. They were truly a new humanity whose entire life was being transformed through the Christ who now lived in them through faith. The same is true today. Christ is still the supreme Lord of all. Belief in him changes everything. Come, experience the transforming power of Jesus Christ with us!
Join us as we study through the book of Colossians and learn how to make Jesus the center of our lives. Press the button below for more information about weekend gathering times and locations.
As we teach through the book of Colossians over the next several weeks, Professor Dixon has put together study schedule to follow along with either individually or with your House Church. We encourage you to join us each week as we study the text. Press the passage number below to read the scripture.
Given the recent changes in our Teaching Team, we want to make sure you are well informed and cared for. Here are the individuals who will be preaching our Colossians series over the next couple of months. Scott Dixon (Interim Teaching Team Lead & Associate Professor of Bible Education at Cedarville University), Chad Osborne (Growing Team Associate), Dustin Knoedler (Chairman of the Elders), Phil Wing (Gathering Team Lead), and JR Gilhooly (Assistant Professor of Philosophy & Theology at Cedarville University).


text:
Orientation & Geography
Europe, United Kingdom, London
Downing Street is the street in London, England, United Kingdom, which for over two hundred years has contained the official residences of two of the most senior British cabinet ministers: the First Lord of the Treasury, an office held by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and the Second Lord of the Treasury, an office held by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The most famous address in Downing Street is 10 Downing Street, the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury—and thus, in modern times, the residence of the Prime Minister. Number 11 is likewise a term for the Chancellor of the Exchequer or his or her office. Downing Street is located in Whitehall in central London, a few minutes' walk from the Houses of Parliament and a little farther from Buckingham Palace. The street was built in the 1680s by Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet (1632–1689) on the site of a mansion called Hampden House. The Prime Minister, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Chief Whip all have official residences in buildings along one side of the street. The houses on the other side were all replaced by the Foreign Office in the nineteenth century.


text:
Jaipur Lit Fest to create Heritage Evenings at two experiential venues
In partnership with Rajasthan Tourism, Zee Jaipur Literature Festival brings together arts and culture with built heritage at two mesmerising evening events at the magnificent Amber Fort and the spectacular Hawa Mahal. Running parallel to the festival on the evenings of January 20th and 21st, the Heritage Evenings will showcase poetry and music in the backdrop of Jaipur's heritage and celebrate the city's cultural riches.
17 January, 2017 by EE News Desk
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Rhythm and Rhyme will be an evening of poetry readings held at Amber Fort, Jaipur on Friday, 20th January at 7.30 PM. Bringing together voices from two sides of the globe, the session will witness readings by celebrated American poet Anne Waldman and the renowned Bollywood lyricist Swanand Kirkire. This will be followed by Sarod Recital by Padma Vibhushan Ustad Amjad Ali Khan at the Amber Fort.
Mujre Se Multiplex Tak, will take the audience on a journey through the magical realm of entertainment at Hawa Mahal on Saturday, 21st January at 7:30 PM. Coursing through the ever-changing world of cultural entertainment, the session will explore how the audiences at entertainment venues have evolved over the years. Writer and musician Vidya Shah will reflect on these changes through song while actor Luke Kenny punctuates them with poignant poetry and quirky banter.
Sanjoy Roy, Managing Director of Teamwork Arts, Producer of the ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival said, "With the support of Rajasthan Tourism, the ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival celebrates the wonderful cultural and architectural heritage of the city of Jaipur through the Festival's Heritage Evenings. The exclusively curated evenings offer an experience that uniquely places cultural performances within the context of the city's built heritage and allows audiences to engage with these significant places in a new dimension."
Passes to the two heritage evenings are available at the information desk at the Diggi Palace.
The annual event has been held at the Diggi Palace since it was founded a decade ago, and will return for its tenth edition, from 19 to 23 January. Continuing its all-inclusive vision, the festival is free and open to all, attracting visitors from all corners of the globe.
literature culture jaipur literature festival teamwork arts venues


Every year & every time we take down the soft top on the Jeep it's a battle!! Bee's Knees saved the day. The windows zipped in without a hitch. Jeep should include Bee's Knees with all their vehicles. Thank you ~ Dorren C ps… This stuff is so good have you ever tried to market it to Jeep? DC.
Bees Knees is a product that belongs aboard every boat or in every sail bag. The uses are many, the results are exceptional, and it'll keep your expensive gear working like new. We go to great lengths as boaters to protect our stuff from the harsh marine environment. Finally there's a cheap (just $7.95-$9.95!), easy and natural product for the many zippers (and other stuff) aboard our boats.
This Testimonial comes from Colin W.
Then the rains came in! A few weeks ago, the rains came and I rushed to zip up my Jeep Soft Top… those zippers and snaps were a bear! Then I heard about the Bee's Knees Zipper Wax folks and gave them a try… WOW what a difference, this stuff is great, easy to use, and leaves no mess! Thanks Bee's Knees Zipper Wax Folks… This stuff really works! Colin W.


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Tronox Responds to U.S. District Court's Decision on Proposed Cristal Acquisition
Chromaflo Technologies Introduces Online Color Visualizer Tool
PPG Marks Successful 2017
Arkema Coating Resins Names Peninsula Polymers 2017 North America Distributor of the Year
40. Flugger Group
Tronox Limited, a global mining and inorganic chemicals company, commented on the decision by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia granting the U. S. Federal Trade Commission's request for a preliminary injunction regarding Tronox's proposed acquisition of Cristal. The Company intends to promptly file a notice of appeal and request an expedited hearing of its appeal to reverse the Court's decision so Tronox may proceed with the merger. Simultaneous to its pursuit of an appeal, Tronox will be considering whether to proceed with the remedial divestiture of Cristal's Ashtabula, Ohio, two-plant titanium dioxide production complex. As announced on July 16, 2018, Tronox and Venator Materials PLC entered into a binding Memorandum of Understanding providing for the negotiation of a definitive agreement to sell the Ashtabula complex to Venator should a divestiture of Ashtabula be required to consummate the Cristal acquisition. Today's judicial decision was released under seal to provide counsel for Tronox, Cristal and the FTC an opportunity to review the text of the decision to ensure it contained no confidential information. The full decision is expected to be issued early next week.
"Tronox is disappointed by the U.S. District Court's decision to further delay this output-enhancing combination designed to increase the supply of TiO2 for North American customers and position Tronox to succeed in a fiercely competitive global market," said Jeffry N. Quinn, president and chief executive officer of Tronox. "As we pursue an appeal, Tronox has valuable alternatives to consider, including a possible remedial transaction to divest the Ashtabula facility for $1.1 billion to Venator or waiting for a decision by the FTC's Administrative Law Judge in the Part 3 Procedure. During the Part 3 Procedure, I believe we convincingly demonstrated that the FTC's objections to the Cristal transaction are entirely misplaced and this highly synergistic transaction will significantly increase production of TiO2 to the benefit of customers in North America and around the world. We intend to be as transparent and open as possible and will be forthcoming with our chosen course of action at the appropriate time."
Shaver Named CEO for AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals Pending Completion of Sale
European Commission Issues Final Approval of Tronox's Proposed Cristal Acquisition
Taghleef Industries Acquires Biofilm
MCEC and Biocides Regulation
Hall Technologies Expands BYK USA Distribution Territory
Bühler, CheMarCo Partner for Wet-milling Technologies
Clariant Expands Partnership with Lintech International in the U.S.
61. Tambour Paint
Breaking News | Paint & Coatings Manufacturer News
PPG recently completed a COLORFUL COMMUNITIES project at Monash Health's Moorabbin Hospital in Bentleigh East, Australia, that revitalized the Monash Cancer Centre's family room, which is used by more than 50 patients, their support peopl…
Breaking News | Distributor News
"Innovation through formulation" is the company's new tagline and reflects its new strategic direction.
Breaking News | Marine Coatings | Product news
Nippon Paint Marine released Ever Cool, a specially formulated coating designed to reduce the effect of the Sun's infrared rays on ship operations. For example, the temperature difference between a deck coated with conventional pai…
Axalta opened a new, state-of-the-art Refinish Training Center in Midrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. The company recently announced the opening of a new refinish facility at the same location at the end of 2018. The 1000m2 Traini…
Event takes place March 24-25, 2020
PPG Coatings Protect KENNYWOOD Park's New Steel Curtain Roller Coaster, Cars
Located in the STEELERS Country section of Pittsburgh's Kennywood Park.
Ace Hardware Expands Paint Business with Benjamin Moore
Benjamin Moore paints will be available at participating Ace stores across the country by Spring 2020.
Automotive Refinish | Breaking News
Joe Gibbs Racing recently hosted more than 60 Sherwin-Williams Automotive Finishes customers, including collision shop owners, managers and technicians at its recent EcoLean Level 1 workshop. The exclusive EcoLean workshops, develo…
Breaking News | People in the News
James M. Holmes Joins FMI Capital Advisors
James M. Holmes joined FMI Capital Advisors as a managing director and head of the Chemicals Group. He is based in FMI's Denver, Colorado office. For more than 12 years, he has served mid-market chemica…
Breaking News | Financial News
Axalta Schedules 2Q 2019 Results Conference Call
Axalta Coating Systems Ltd. will host a conference call to review its second quarter 2019 financial results at 8:00 a.m. ET on Thursday, July 25, 2019. CEO Robert W. Bryant and CFO Sean Lannon will review the company's financia…
AGM Advances Applications for Water-based Anti-corrosion Coatings
Applied Graphene Materials announced it has achieved significant technological progress (patent pending) on the deployment of graphene into water-based coatings to enhance their barrier properties. The company is sharing the findings of recent deve…
Breaking News | Pigments
BASF will present innovation highlights from its range of Colors & Effects pigments for plastic applications at the K trade fair (booth C41, Hall 5) in Dusseldorf, Germany (Oct.16-23). The new product launches include two new L…
Additives | Breaking News | Industry News
BASF has increased its global production capacity for the Higher Carboxylic Acids (HCA) Isononanoic Acid (INA) and 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-EHA).
The Board of Directors approved the capacity increase investment for TCD Alcohol in Oberhausen, Germany.
Breaking News | Industry News
My River Capital, Former MetoKote President Align for New Company Search for MRC Portfolio
May River Capital and Jeff Oravitz have partnered to seek and acquire a specialty coatings and materials company with a proven presence in one or more segments of the chemicals value chain, the Chicago-based private equity firm announced. &…


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Home/Child Well-Being, Health care, Medicaid & CHIP/CHIP More Kid-Friendly than Marketplace
In November, the U.S. Health and Human Service (HHS) released a report comparing plan benefits and cost-sharing under the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) to benefits and cost-sharing in plans offered on the Health Insurance Marketplace created by the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The big takeaway from this report is that CHIP health coverage in all 36 states evaluated is more comprehensive and vastly more affordable than coverage for children in the Marketplace.
In Texas, families could expect to pay an average of $814 a year in premiums and out-of-pocket costs for each child enrolled in a qualified health plan (QHP). For children enrolled in Texas CHIP, the average annual out-of-pocket costs were only $75 per year, per child.
The $75 per year estimate of out-of-pocket costs for a child in CHIP is based on an average. Higher-income families pay higher co-payments and must pay an annual enrollment fee for Texas CHIP, while some lower-income families do not have to pay the enrollment fee and have more limited co-payments. The total out-of-pocket costs (enrollment fees and cost-sharing) must never exceed 5 percent of the family's household income during the year.
The study also found that Texas CHIP covers a much higher percentage (91 percent) of the total average cost of benefits than the Marketplace plans (76 percent). Consumers using Texas CHIP will, therefore, pay much less when they seek medical care than consumers whose children are enrolled in a Marketplace plan, making Texas CHIP a much better health care value for Texas kids and consumers
The report also states that the benefits provided by CHIP (in every state) were more comprehensive than Marketplace plans, providing more "child-specific" services such as dental, vision, and services such as occupational and speech therapy. Furthermore, the study asserts that the benefits provided by CHIP were more suitable for children with special health care needs.
Earlier this year Congress passed the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act which extended federal CHIP funding through September 2017. While CHIP funding is secure until then, some have questioned whether CHIP is still needed since the creation of the Health Insurance Marketplaces. What this report clearly shows is that the Marketplaces are not ready for kids, and that advocates and stakeholders should continue to support CHIP as the best way to provide health insurance to low- and moderate-income children. In addition, we must advocate for improvements to the Marketplace plans to make them more kid-friendly.
CPPP
Child Well-Being, Health care, Medicaid & CHIP
Affordable Care Act, Children, Children's Health Insurance Program, Health care, Health insurance, Health insurance marketplace, health insurance rates, Kids, Medicaid & CHIP, Melissa McChesney
We Agree, Gov. Abbott – Texas Must Boost School Funding
This commentary was originally published in The Quorum Report on August 30, 2018. This week Governor Abbott made a case for...
College Students Deserve to Learn, Not Fear Deportation
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Texas Children in Immigrant Families: Five Things to Know
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This week the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released its official cost estimates of the House Republican's health plan, the...
Tweens at Risk of Dropping out before High School
Texas students in grades four through eight (known as "the middle grades") are considered at-risk in the education pipeline. These...
Chipping Away at Food Insecurity in Texas
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Free Meals for All Students through the Community Eligibility Provision
Kids and parents might be focused on summer fun right now, but school leaders are busy making plans for how...
Friday the 13th for Texas Kids
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San Antonio Kids: A Glimpse at Texas' Future
San Antonio has a rich history that illuminates much of the great cultural diversity of Texas' past, while giving us...
Place, Race, and Poverty in Dallas
More than 1.2 million kids live in the Dallas metro area, representing more than one out of every six kids...
Expanding Opportunity for Every Texas Child
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New Features in the KIDS COUNT Data Center
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Speaking on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said, "Now is the time...
New Research Makes the Case for Pre-K
By CPPP Communications Intern Arthur D. Soto-Vásquez Newly released research from the Child and Family Research Partnership (CFRP) at the LBJ...
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CPPP Testifies at U.S. House Ways and Means Committee
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Food and Nutrition in Texas: What You Need to Know
What did you have for breakfast today? While you try to remember, chew on these disturbing facts. 1.7 million Texas households...
Kinship Care: Keeping Kids with Families
253,000 Texas kids live with family or close friends who have stepped in to care for them when their parents...
A Wish for Texas Children
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Keep Students Fueled with Free Meals after Class
The Case for a Flat-Dollar Exemption
At the Center for Public Policy Priorities, we believe in a Texas that offers everyone the chance to compete and succeed in life. We envision a Texas where everyone is healthy, well-educated, and financially secure. We want the best Texas - a proud state that sets the bar nationally by expanding opportunity for all. CPPP is an independent public policy organization that uses data and analysis to advocate for solutions that enable Texans of all backgrounds to reach their full potential. We dare Texas to be the best state for hard-working people and their families.


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Spanish Adoptionism (or Adoptianism) was a Christian theological position which was articulated in Umayyad and Christian-held regions of the Iberian peninsula in the 8th- and 9th centuries. The issue seems to have begun with the claim of archbishop Elipandus of Toledo that – in respect to his human nature – Jesus Christ was adoptive Son of God. Another leading advocate of this Christology was Felix of Urgel. In Spain, Adoptionism was opposed by Beatus of Liebana, and in the Carolingian territories, the Adoptionist position was condemned by Pope Hadrian I, Alcuin of York, Agobard, and officially in Carolingian territory by the Council of Frankfurt (794).

Introduction
Despite the shared name of "Adoptionism" the Spanish Adoptionist Christology appears to have differed sharply from the Adoptionism of early Christianity. Spanish advocates predicated the term adoptivus of Christ only in respect to his humanity; once the divine Son of God "emptied himself" of divinity  and "took the form of a servant" (Philippians 2:7), Christ's human nature was "adopted" as divine. The purpose of introducing the category of adoption was to make clear the right of Christ's humanity to the title "Son of God". The spelling "Adoptianism" (Spanish adopcianismo) is often used to distinguish the Spanish heresy from earlier Adoptionism (adopcionismo).

Historically, many scholars have followed the Adoptionists' Carolingian opponents in labeling Spanish Adoptionism as a minor revival of "Nestorian" Christology. John C. Cavadini has challenged this notion by attempting to take the Spanish Christology in its own Spanish/North African context in his important study, The Last Christology of the West: Adoptionism in Spain and Gaul, 785–820.

Spanish disputants

Elipandus of Toledo

Elipandus (c. 716–805), bishop of Muslim-controlled Toledo, was the first well-known advocate of this "Adoptionist" christology, which he articulated in response to the position of another Spanish writer, Migetius. Migetius apparently taught a form of Trinitarian theology which Elipandus found troubling; in his "Letter to Migetius", Elipandus defended the single persona of Christ in the face of this issue. Contrary to what the label "Adoptionist" might suggest, Elipandus accepted the full humanity and divinity of the person of Jesus Christ; Elipandus' use of adoptivus in reference to Christ appears in his exegesis of the "kenotic hymn" of Philippians 2:6–7. Here, Elipandus argued that Christ, after "emptying himself" of divinity and becoming a human being, was "Son of God" by virtue of adoption:

Elipandus, unlike Arius or Nestorius, held to a strict singular personhood in the incarnation, that of the eternal, divine Son. Some, like Ansprenger, have claimed that Elipandus' Christology bears similarities to that of the earlier Antiochene theologian Theodore of Mopsuestia and may indicate a line of influence from Nestorian sources.

Beatus of Liebana
Beatus of Liebana (or Lieban), was, like Elipandus, a native of Spain, but unlike Elipandus, he lived outside of Muslim territory in the small Christian kingdom of Asturias. A monk, Beatus appears to have been a person of influence in Asturias, possibly counselor to the Queen of Leon. Beatus was also a skilled exegete, best known for his Commentary on the Apocalypse of John.
In Adversus Elipandum, written in response to Elipandus' Adoptionist teachings, Beatus chastised Elipandus for what he saw as a misuse of the word servus ("slave" or "servant"), arguing that Philippians 2 referred to Christ's servanthood in relation to God. The "self-emptying" of the Son in the incarnation was not to be understood as a humiliation to the point that the human Christ would have to be adopted once more in divinity, he claimed. Additionally, Beatus criticized Elipandus for his emphasis on Christ sharing in humanity. Beatus saw this as unnecessary, and dangerously close to ignoring Jesus' distinctness from the rest of humanity; instead, he focused his attention on Christ's mediatorial position on the cross as a sufficient salvific bridge between God and humanity.  In Adversus Elipandum, Beatus distinguished between the adoption of Christians as children by God, rejecting the adoption of Christ:

Felix of Urgel
In the midst of his dialogue with Beatus on the issue of adoption, Elipandus wrote to Felix of Urgel (d. 818), bishop of Urgell in Carolingian-occupied territory in the Pyrenees, for another opinion on the matter. It was Felix's teaching that first caught the attention of Frankish scholars and churchmen. None of Felix's works survive, and his teachings only survive as they were portrayed by the Carolingian scholars who opposed him.

Felix appears to have relied heavily on the language of adoption, tying the adoption of Christ's humanity by the divine to Christ's mediation of adoptive son-ship for all believing Christians. Cavadini sees in this position a moderating stance between Elipandus and Beatus. Ultimately, Felix's Christology became the prime target for Carolingian interlocutors. Facing ecclesiastical and political pressure, he recanted before the pope. In 799, Felix composed his Confessio, in which he renounced "Nestorian" teachings and agreed to no longer use the term adoptivus.

The Carolingian response
In 785, Pope Hadrian I appears to have been the first to attack Elipandus' Adoptionist Christology as a form of Nestorianism, although the pope does not seem to have been fully informed on the content of the teaching. The pope's initial negative response – describing Adoptionism as Nestorian in separating the Son of God from the human son of Mary – shaped the perception of the theology for later Carolingians.
Charlemagne as well grew concerned by reports of heresy in his new Pyrenees territories, and commissioned his own response to the Adoptionist teaching, spearheaded by his erudite court scholar Alcuin of York. This Carolingian response developed in three regional councils called by the king in 792 (Regensburg), 795 (Frankfurt), and 799 (Aachen).

The Council of Frankfurt in 795 was particularly significant, commissioning three documents to address the Adoptionist position: the "Letter of the Bishops of Frankland to the Bishops of Spain" (written by Alcuin), the Liber sacrosyllabus of  Paulinus of Aquileia, and the "Letter of Charlemagne to Elipandus". All three works followed Pope Hadrian's early characterization of the Adoptionist position as Nestorian. Alcuin in particular developed his critique around the classical orthodox Christological dichotomy which emerged from the eastern Christological controversies of the fifth and sixth centuries: Nestorianism on one extreme and Monophysitism on the other. Alcuin refined this view in his writings against Felix of Urgel: "Letter 23 to Felix", Adversus Felicem Urgellitanum Episcopum Libri VII, and Liber Adversus Haeresin Felicis.<ref>In Liber Alcuini Contra Haeresim Felicis: Edition with an Introduction, ed. Gary B. Blumenshine, Studi e testi 285 (Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1980).</ref> Other Carolingian attacks on Adoptionism were composed by Benedict of Aniane, Paulinus II of Aquileia (Three Books Against Felix), and later, by Agobard.  An official condemnation by Pope Leo III in 798 ended with Felix's final recantation in 799. According to Pelikan, the orthodox Catholic consensus held that the key error of Spanish Adoptionism was to make Christ's sonship a predicate of his two natures rather than on his single personhood.

Paulinus of Aquileia
In his anti-Adoptionist works, Paulinus explained that Catholics proclaim and adore Jesus Christ as "true God", but also confess him to be "true man". However, calling him "true man" is not the same as calling him an ordinary man which was the implication of the idea that his humanity had been adopted to be the Son of God. He further rejected the Spanish Adoptionists' equation of adoption with assumption, since not every assumption is properly an adoption, even though every adoption is a kind of assumption. Elipandus had compared the adopted humanity of Christ with that of the other saints. Felix seemed to have taught that Christ needed to be baptized to be adopted as Son of God. But Paulinus countered that if Christ had been adopted by God, as Moses had been adopted by Pharaoh's daughter or as Christ himself had been adopted by Joseph, Christ would only be Son of God in an improper, not essential, sense. Paulinus, admitted, however, that the term "adoption" was fitting for Christians and it is Christ who confers adoption on them.

Modern assessment
Modern scholars have often followed the critiques of Hadrian, Alcuin, or Agobard in constructing an interpretation of Spanish Adoptionism. Both Ansprenger and Harnack, noting similarities between Theodore of Mopsuestia's Christology and that of the Spanish Adoptionists, concluded that the Spanish must have had access to Theodore's biblical commentaries. However, John C. Cavadini has argued that the Carolingian attack on Spanish Adoptionism as "Nestorian" was based on a misunderstanding of the Spanish debate. Cavadini stresses that for all that Beatus and Elipandus might disagree, they drew inspiration from a common Christological tradition different from that of the theologians on the other side of the Pyrenees. Neither Spaniard referred to the eastern Christological debates, nor did they cite the teaching of the Council of Chalcedon (451). Rather, Cavadini claims, they drew on the unique theological heritage of Iberian Christianity, with a heavy reliance upon Augustine of Hippo, Hilary of Poitiers, and Isidore of Seville.

References

Further reading
Ansprenger, F. "Untersuchungen zum adoptianistischen Streit des 8' Jahrhundert," PhD dissertation. Frei Universität Berlin, 1952.
Cavadini, John C. The Last Christology of the West: Adoptionism in Spain and Gaul, 785-820. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.
Firey, Abigail. "Carolingian ecclesiology and heresy: a southern Gallic juridical tract against adoptionism." Sacris Erudiri 39 (2000): 253-316.
Ginther, James R. Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009.
Gumerlock, Francis X. "Predestination in the century before Gottschalk Part 2." Evangelical Quarterly 81, no. 4 (2009): 319-337.
Harnack,Adolf. History of Dogma. Vol. 5. Trans. Neil Buchanan. New York: Dover, 1961.
McWilliam, Joanne. "The context of Spanish adoptionism : a review." In Conversion and continuity (Papers in Medieval Studies)''. Ed. Michael Gervers. pp. 75–88. Toronto: Pontifical Inst of Medieval Studies, 1990.

History of Catholicism in Spain
Adoption and religion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The CloudOut and CloudIn widgets send and receive data from open IoT (Internet of Things) cloud services including Xively (formerly COSM and Pachube), Open.Sen.se, and ThingSpeak. These services allow for devices, software, or people to post and receive feeds from anywhere in the world. For example, a gesture sensor in Pasadena could send its values to the cloud, and video displays in London and Beijing can access the latest value of that sensor, and play different scenes based on the Pasadena sensor value.
The key thing about these services is that feeds can be posted and retrieved from anywhere, without the need to have a direct connection between the sender and receiver. The IoT cloud service handles the asynchronous reception, storage, and delivery of the feeds.
channel – The descriptive name of the device, environment, or software that generates a set of DataFeeds. E.g. "arduino".
sampleRate – This is how often you will send or receive data from a dataFeed in seconds.
The widgets support three similar services.
Xively – The original service (formerly COSM, Pachube), many features but a little complex.
API Key – In order to securely communicate with the cloud service and keep your data private, the services require that you register with them and obtain an API key that's used in the communications with the service – like a password. Without an API Key, you won't be able to send or get data feeds. Some services have a single key for all your feeds, while others allow multiple keys with different abilities.
Channels – The top level of data organization represents an environment, device, or software, which we're calling a channel.
Data Feeds – Within each channel, there are individual data feeds that represent a specific sensor, software input, or human input. These are often numeric representations, like a value from 0-1023 to indicate the position of a knob. But they may also be textual, and perhaps in the future, images.
Data Rate Limit – Since these cloud services support thousands of users all over the world, and their services are accessed through the Internet, they limit how often you can send or receive values for a data feed.
For more things you can do with Xively, check out this page that explains how to trigger a tweet or SMS message with the values of your feeds using the Zapier.com service.
To help those of you who want to write your own applications outside of the NETLab Toolkit, using the APIs for these services, below are snippets of AS3 code from the CloudIn and CloudOut widgets. While the documentation from these cloud services is pretty good, it took a fair amount of time to research and test the different APIs and use them in a consistent way. These code examples should give you a good baseline no matter what language you will be developing in.
The key thing in using the APIs for all the services is that you must correctly set up the HTTP headers and data for a POST.


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Q: How to make the eclipse IDE to build faster I am using Eclipse for development. However, it's is taking too much time to build.
It hangs when the percentage of build gets to 78. It shows "refreshing workspace" several times. That eats up lots of time.
How can I make Eclipse faster?

A: *

*Increase the start-up memory as mentioned by thamaria

*Disable spell check of eclipse

*Disable the plugins which you never use it (myln etc)

*Disable auto build.

This link might help you
http://pakkatechies.blogspot.com/2011/07/making-eclipse-ide-faster.html

A: There are many possibilities to tune Eclipse.
First, when Eclipse is hanging up you should start Eclipse with some arguments and give it more memory. Use: eclipse -vmargs -Xms256m -Xmx1024m or even more.
EDIT: "eclipse -vmargs -Xms256m -Xmx1024m" is the commandline command with which you can start Eclipse (well, depending on your OS). For that you either need to have eclipse in your environement path or you will have to use an absolute path to your eclipse executable file. Under Windows systems you may use for example "C:\Programme\eclipse\eclipse.exe -vmargs -Xms256m -Xmx1024m". You could f.e. create a short-cut with this command.
Second: If possible you can use several workspaces for your eclipse projects if they are not connected to each other. When using other projects than the ones located in your actual workspace switch the workspace to the one you desire. That way eclipse does not need to load all contents at startup and will therefor start much faster.
Third: You can disable the "build workspace" Option.  Go to "project" --> and uncheck "build automatically".

A: In the project build properties, under behavior tag, check the 'Enable parallel build' box.