JEDDAH: A historic Wednesday evening at King Abdullah Sports City Stadium saw Italian champions Juventus beat AC Milan in the final of the 31st annual Supercoppa Italiana.
Cristiano Ronaldo scored the winning goal as Juventus lifted the Supercoppa Italiana for the first time since 2015 with a 1-0 victory in front of a sold-out 61,235-capacity crowd.
As only one should expect when two of the most successful Italian clubs go head to head, a tactical and elegant, albeit very physical, display of football was at hand.
Cheerful roars from the Jeddah crowd resonated throughout the night, in the kind of buzzing atmosphere that only a cup final brings.
Juventus, the Serie A champions, began brightly and were the first side to settle into the game, threatening with frequent sweeping moves.
Juventus and Portuguese international Joao Cancelo could have opened the scoring in the 16th minute after being played through on goal, but the defender's zooming effort lacked the necessary precision and whisked past the far post with the Milan keeper rooted in his spot.
A maddening crescendo of noise erupted when Juventus and French international Blaise Matuidi thought he had opened the scoring in the 33rd minute after being played through by Costa before being flagged offside.
Juventus did not have too much longer for another opportunity though, with Ronaldo's acrobatic half volley from just outside the six-yard box bouncing and nestling agonizingly just over the bar and sparing Donnarumma's blushes in the process.
Milan, who qualified for the final as runners-up to Juventus in last season's Coppa Italia, had struggled throughout the first half to settle into the game. They gradually grew into their own though, and nearly broke the deadlock at the stroke of halftime with a stinging drive from Turkish international Hakan Calhanoglu.
After a slew of opportunities had Juventus failing to build a halftime lead, Milan nearly made them pay for their squandered chances by starting the second half like bats out of hell.
Milan's confident pressing start to the half was almost rewarded in the 47th minute when a Ronaldo tackle inadvertently set up Cutrone with a clear sight on goal. The striker turned and blasted an effort that rattled off the crossbar — the closest either team had come thus far.
And just when the tide seemed to have turned for Milan in the second half, their confidence building with every minute, a perfectly floating cross from Pjanic found Ronaldo with yards of space, and he made no mistake directing a swift header into the back of the net in the 61st minute and sending Juve supporters into a frenzy.
Things went from bad to worse for Milan in the 73rd minute. Franck Kessie came rushing in with a recklessly timed tackle, crunching his studs into the shins of Emre Can, which resulted in him seeing a straight red and leaving Milan with 10 men and a subsequent insurmountable uphill battle.
The final whistle came soon after, and with it brought Juventus a record eighth Supercoppa. It goes without saying that there is nothing quite like the atmosphere of a cup final, but this was a historic and monumental occasion for Jeddah.
The first major European cup final match being held in Saudi Arabia is now in the books, and with it brought an added sense of passion and excitement.
Thousands of men, women and children showed up enthusiastically, were highly supportive of both teams, and were thoroughly entertained. It was a successful and memorable night that will surely pave the way for many more.
Addressing a prematch press conference on Tuesday night, Juventus Captain Giorgio Chiellini had defended the choice of Jeddah as the venue for the game against a backdrop of criticism by some. He said that it was "right" to give the Saudi port city the chance to host the showpiece match.
Juventus had been experiencing a worrying trend in cup finals of late. Despite securing the Serie A and Coppa Italia double for three seasons running, they had lost back-to-back Supercoppas and seven out of nine European Cup finals.
Chiellini, however, firmly believed that his team would change the trend and the team did make their captain proud.


In 1840 the good ship 'Portenia' first arrived at the Clutha mouth docking in Port Molyneux. On board were a group of hardy land prospectors and he first agricultural settlers in the region. Port Molyneux became a bustling coastal village until the mighty flood of 1878 when the town was bliterated and the landscape changed forever. This IPA pays  tribute to those early prospectors who despite facing huge adversity managed to carve out a future for the settlers in the rugged Catlins region.
Thirst quenching with a fist full of hops at the finish give this IPA a pleasant bitter finish. Ideal with fish and spice.


Build the initial infrastructure and front-end interfaces of seevl.net, using APIs, Graph Databases, NoSQL / Redis, jQuery and more.
Involved in multiple Groups (WG, XG, IG) in W3C ( http://w3c.org), co-authored, contributed and edited specs and reports.
Managed a 15-people team at DERI (http://deri.ie), world's largest Semantic Web R&D institute. Lead projects with Google, Cisco, etc.
Co-founder of MDG Web (http://mdg.io), a music-tech start-up based in Dogpatch Labs Dublin that produces seevl (http://seevl.net). Won multiple prizes at Music Hack Days, deep knowledge of the music-tech ecosystem, APIs, etc.
I've worked in Alexandre's team at DERI for over a year. He is a great manager and team leader, highly valued by all of his coworkers. Alex shows a rare mix of strong technical, management and soft skills, which makes him a very creative technical leader, a great mentor and fun to work with.
I'd recommend him to anyone looking for a manager or technical leader with ability to deliver complex projects and with experience leading multinational teams.
Alexandre has been my PhD supervisor since early 2010. He always inspired me in my academic career with his extraordinary vision and passion for scientific research and technological advancements. I admired his outstanding ability in managing several high-impact projects, advising students, as well as developing innovative software products. I can definitely recommend him as supervisor, colleague, friend, developer and leader.
I always enjoyed spending time with Alexandre, and learning more about his research into the Semantic Web; and he has always been an excellent source of stories of successful projects on the web. Alexandre also proved to be an excellent applier of abstract technologies, winning a scripting challenge on the Semantic Web while I was there: exploring pubsubhubbub.
Alexandre est un thésard rigoureux et imaginatif. Il a notamment pour mission au sein de EDF R&D de réflechir et de mettre en oeuvre des ontologies "décentralisées". Il étudie aussi les relations que ces étranges objets peuvent entretenir avec des wikis conçus comme des lieu d'association de connaissances pérennes et d'informations volatiles. Alexandre se tire de cette tâche avec beaucoup d'intelligence et de pragmatiqme, intégrant les avancées les plus récentes à une plate-forme à vocation immédiatement industrielle.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Transportable optical clocks are promising for tests of Einstein's equivalence principle \cite{Takamoto2020}, searches for dark matter \cite{Derevianko2014}, and improved timekeeping and global positioning systems \cite{Ludlow2015}.  In combination with clock networks on Earth, optical clocks on satellites would improve limits on the accuracy of intercontinental frequency transfer and comparison, and aid deep space navigation \cite{Burt2021, BACON2021Nature}.  However, there is a gap between existing state-of-the-art optical clocks and the desired turn-key systems that can be deployed, or even run autonomously, e.g. as part of an advanced global positioning system network.  Generation, control, and delivery of laser light with integrated photonics is desirable for such advanced clocks.  The use of integrated photonics is promising for achieving smaller clock form factors and system robustness, where optical alignment can be lithographically defined.  We propose optical clock systems that operate with three or even two lasers, with wavelengths longer than 400 nm.  Both features should reduce the barriers for realizing a clock with integrated photonics.

Clocks based on trapped ions that can be directly laser cooled are a potential path towards robust transportable optical clocks.  Ion traps use electromagnetic potentials which result in long storage times, and clock operation only needs low-power lasers.  In realizations with candidate systems Ca$^{+}$ and Sr$^{+}$  \cite{Huang2020, Loh2020}, the excited clock state is separate from the states used for laser cooling and state detection, and an additional laser is needed to reset the electronic population between clock interrogations \cite{Madej2004, Chwalla2009}.  In total, five electronic states are used along with four laser wavelengths for these relatively simple clocks. To further ease requirements for the use of integrated photonics, the number of required lasers can be reduced from four to three, or possibly only two lasers with optical clocks based on three-level $\Lambda$ systems.

\begin{figure}
\centering{}
\includegraphics[width=1.\linewidth]{radium-225-hyperfine-2.pdf}
    \caption{The $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$ level structure for clock operation showing the Doppler cooling (blue), repump (gray), and clock (red) transitions. Hyperfine splittings of the states are shown.  For two-laser clock operation, the 468 nm laser is not required.}
    \label{fig:radium-225-hyperfine}
\end{figure}

\begin{table*}[t]
\centering{}
\caption{Relevant atomic properties for alkaline-earth-like ions are given, including the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ transition linewidth, $P_{1/2}$ state to $S_{1/2}$ state branching fraction $p$, transition wavelengths (nm), differential scalar polarizability $\alpha_0$ (atomic units) of the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ clock transition, and $D_{3/2}$ state lifetime.}
\label{table:clock-candidates}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
    Ion & $\Gamma/2\pi$ (MHz) & $p$ & $\lambda_\text{cool}$ & $\lambda_\text{repump}$ & $\lambda_\text{clock}$ & $\alpha_{0}$ & $\tau_{3/2}$ (s) \\
    \hline \\ [-1.5ex]
    Ca$^{+}$ & 22.4 \cite{Jin1993} & 0.93565 \cite{Ramm2013} & 397 & 866 & 732 & -44.1(6) \cite{Safronova2011a} & 1.176(11) \cite{Kreuter2005} \\
    Sr$^{+}$ & 21.5 \cite{Guet1991} & 0.94498 \cite{Zhang2016} & 422 & 1092 & 687 & -26.9(1.1) \cite{Sahoo2009a} & 0.435(4) \cite{Mannervik1999} \\
    Ba$^{+}$ & 20.3 \cite{Arnold2019b} & 0.73182 \cite{Arnold2019b} & 493 & 650 & 2052 & -75.4(1.1) \cite{Sahoo2009a} & 79.8(4.6) \cite{Yu1997}\\
    Yb$^{+}$ & 19.6 \cite{Olmschenk2009a} & 0.995 \cite{Olmschenk2007} & 369.5 & 2438 & 435.5 & -42(8) \cite{Schneider2005} & 0.052(1) \cite{Gerz1988} \\
    Ra$^{+}$ & 18.3 \cite{Pal2009} & 0.9104 \cite{Fan2019} & 468 & 1079 & 828 & -20.8(1.7) \cite{Sahoo2009a} & 0.638(10) \cite{Pal2009} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table*}

Alkaline-earth-like ions with nuclear spin $I>0$ can realize clock operation in a three-level $\Lambda$ system by using their hyperfine structure.  In the proposed scheme only three electronic transitions are driven: the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ clock transition, the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ Doppler cooling transition, and the $D_{3/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ repump transition, see the levels in our example system Fig. \ref{fig:radium-225-hyperfine}.  Similar to the $^{171}$Yb$^{+}$ \cite{Stenger2001} and $^{199}$Hg$^{+}$ \cite{Rafac2000} clocks, alkaline-earth-like ions with nuclear spin $I>0$ have magnetic field insensitive clock transitions and can be directly laser cooled \cite{Barwood2003, Benhelm2007, Dietrich2010}. The Yb$^{+}$ ion (E2) clock operates on the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ transition ($\lambda=435.5$~nm) in a four-level system, where repumping to the $[3/2]_{3/2}$ state is done with light at 935~nm \cite{Schneider2005}. Background gas collisions can also populate the Yb$^{+}$ ion's very long-lived $F_{7/2}$ state.  This population can be pumped back into the laser cooling states with an additional laser \cite{Schneider2005a}, or a new Yb$^+$ ion can be loaded into the trap.  For the Yb$^{+}$ ion, state detection, which determines if the clock transition was driven, relies on detecting population in distinct hyperfine levels due to the interconnectedness of the electronic $\Lambda$ structure \cite{Olmschenk2007}.  Off-resonant scattering limits the state detection fidelity, and we calculate these state detection errors for candidate clock ions.  Larger hyperfine splittings result in lower state detection errors due to off-resonant scattering.  For species with large hyperfine splittings, generally heavy atoms, the clock performance is not limited by state detection errors.  Here we extend work with hyperfine ion clocks to alkaline-earth-like ion systems with $I>0$, see Table \ref{table:clock-candidates}, that can realize three-level operation and have wavelengths farther from the UV when compared to the Yb$^{+}$ ion, which requires Doppler cooling light at 369.5~nm.  We consider such a heavy ion, $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$, as an example system for a three-level clock, and discuss its potential to realize a transportable clock.

\section{Three-Laser Clock Operation}\label{sec:clock-operation}
Four steps constitute a three-level ion optical clock measurement sequence: laser cooling, state preparation, clock interrogation, and state detection, see Fig. \ref{fig:ra-clock-sequence}.  Driving the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ and $D_{3/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ transitions laser cools the ion.  The population is then prepared to a $|S_{1/2}, F, m=0\rangle$ sublevel in the $S_{1/2}$ ground state, where $F$ denotes the hyperfine level and $m$ denotes the magnetic sublevel. The $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ clock transition is then interrogated with either a Rabi or Ramsey measurement \cite{Letchumanan2004}.  During state detection, scattered $S_{1/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ photons are collected onto a detector.  If the total photon counts exceeds a predetermined detection threshold, the state detection event is characterized as ``bright'', otherwise the event is characterized as ``dark''.  These bright and dark state detection events determine the probability that the clock transition was driven.

In the following subsections we consider a $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$ clock, nuclear spin $I=1/2$, and describe operation for two different clock protocols: one requires a microwave source, and another requires Doppler cooling light polarized to drive $\pi$ transitions.  For nuclear spin $I>1/2$, we consider a $^{137}$Ba$^{+}$ clock, nuclear spin $I=3/2$, and describe clock operation with Doppler cooling light polarized to drive $\pi$ transitions.

\subsection{Microwave sequence, $I=1/2$}\label{sec:microwave}
In the first sequence described a microwave source and addressing three electronic transitions is required, see Fig. \ref{fig:ra-clock-sequence}.  Driving the $|S_{1/2}, F=0\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ and $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transitions Doppler cools the ion.  Any decays to the $D_{3/2}$ state are repumped to the $P_{1/2}$ state by driving the $|D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ and $|D_{3/2}, F=2\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transitions.  The population is then prepared in the $|S_{1/2}, F=0, m=0\rangle$ state by turning off the light driving the $|S_{1/2}, F=0\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transition \cite{Rafac2000}.  The $|S_{1/2}, F=0, m=0\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=2, m=0\rangle$ electric quadrupole transition is probed followed by a $|D_{3/2}, F=2, m=0\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=1, m=0\rangle$ microwave $\pi$-pulse at 1.3~GHz.  The $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ and $|D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ transitions are then used for state detection of the population.  If the ion remains in the $|S_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ state, the resulting state detection event is dark.  Otherwise, if the clock interrogation drives the ion to the $|D_{3/2},F=2\rangle$, it is subsequently shelved to the $|D_{3/2},F=1\rangle$ state with the microwave pulse and the state detection event is bright.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering{}
\includegraphics[width=1.\linewidth]{ra-clock-sequences-v4.pdf}
    \caption{The microwave clock measurement sequence for a $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$ ion optical clock based on the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ transition (red).  The total angular momentum quantum number $F$ is shown next to each level. Arrows represent transitions between hyperfine levels, blue circles represent populated hyperfine levels, and gray circles represent the dark state during state detection.  The $S_{1/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ Doppler cooling transition (blue), $D_{3/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ repump transition (gray), and $|D_{3/2}, F=2, m=0\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=1, m=0\rangle$ microwave transition (yellow) are shown.}
    \label{fig:ra-clock-sequence}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering{}
\includegraphics[width=1.\linewidth]{errors.pdf}
    \caption{Bright-to-dark (blue) and dark-to-bright (red) state detection errors for alkaline-earth-like three-level ion optical clocks.  The left y-axis shows the off-resonant scattering rates, and the right y-axis shows the minimum photon collection efficiency needed for a $95\%$ state detection fidelity with the requirement that 20 photons are collected on average when the ion is in a bright state. Gray shadings show the $100\%$, $1\%$, and $0.1\%$ collection efficiency cutoffs. A collection efficiency above 100$\%$ is not possible as it would require counting more photons than emitted by the ion.}
    \label{fig:histogram}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Polarization sequence, $I=1/2$}\label{sec:polarization}
The polarization clock sequence requires driving three electronic transitions and using Doppler cooling light polarized to drive $\pi$ transitions.  Laser cooling uses the same transitions as in the microwave sequence: the $|S_{1/2}, F=0\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$, $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$, $|D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$, and $|D_{3/2}, F=2\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transitions. But, state preparation requires a magnetic field and laser polarization to drive $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ $\pi$ transitions which prepare the population in the $|S_{1/2}, F=1, m=0\rangle$ sublevel \cite{Dietrich2010, An2022}.  The $|S_{1/2}, F=1, m=0\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=2, m=0\rangle$ electric quadrupole transition is then probed.  The $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ and $|D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ transitions are then used for state detection of the population.  If the clock transition is driven the population will be in a dark state.

\subsection{Polarization sequence, $I>1/2$}
The polarization clock sequence for species with nuclear spin $I>1/2$ requires driving three electronic transitions and using Doppler cooling light polarized to drive $\pi$ transitions during state preparation. For $^{137}$Ba$^{+}$, driving the $|S_{1/2}, F=2\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=2\rangle$, $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=2\rangle$, and $|S_{1/2}, F=2\rangle\rightarrow | P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transitions Doppler cools the ion.  Decays to the $D_{3/2}$ state are repumped to the $P_{1/2}$ state by driving the $|D_{3/2}, F=0\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$, $|D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$, $|D_{3/2}, F=2\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$, and $|D_{3/2}, F=3\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=2\rangle$ transitions.  The population is then prepared in the $|S_{1/2}, F=1, m=0\rangle$ state by stroboscopically driving the $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ and $|S_{1/2}, F=2\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transitions \cite{An2022}.  The $|S_{1/2}, F=1, m=0\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=3, m=0\rangle$ electric quadrupole transition is probed.  The same transitions for laser cooling are then used for state detection of the population with the exception of the $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=2\rangle$ and $|D_{3/2}, F=3\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=2\rangle$ transitions.  If the clock transition is driven the population will be in a dark state.

\section{State Detection Fidelity}\label{sec:state-detect-error}
State detection requires one or more cooling lasers and one or more repump lasers to be incident at the ion. The $S_{1/2}$ and $D_{3/2}$ hyperfine levels that these lasers address are called the bright states, and the other levels are called dark states. The driven transitions form a closed loop with electric dipole selection rules, but off-resonant scattering could drive other transitions that either leak population out of the loop or pump population into the loop. We define a bright-to-dark error as the probability that the population is off-resonantly driven from a bright state to a dark state for each $S_{1/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ cooling photon scattered, and a dark-to-bright error as the probability that the population is off-resonantly driven from a dark state to a bright state for each $S_{1/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ cooling photon scattered.

We make the following approximations to calculate the off-resonant scattering error. We first assume that the spectra of these dipole transitions are Lorentzians with natural linewidths, and that is there is no power broadening, Doppler broadening, or Zeeman shifts. If the ion is bright, we assume that the population is in a equilibrium distribution of all bright states.  The fraction of population in each of the $S_{1/2}$ and $D_{3/2}$ hyperfine levels is determined by the electronic and hyperfine branching fractions. If the ion is dark, we assume that the population is in a single dark state that the clock transition drives to or drives from. We also assume that there is no off-resonant scattering from a repump laser to a cooling transition or vice versa.

We can write the bright-to-dark error for each cooling transition photon scattered as

\begin{equation}
    \epsilon_\text{bd} = \sum_i^{\text{b}\rightarrow\text{d}}\sum_j^\text{driven} q_i q_j r_{i, \text{dark}} L(\delta_{i,j}, \Gamma) / p,
\end{equation}
where $\sum_i^{\text{b}\rightarrow\text{d}}$ is a summation over all electric dipole transitions from bright states, $S_{1/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ and $D_{3/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$, where the upper $P_{1/2}$ state of the transition can branch into dark states, $\sum_j^\text{driven}$ is a summation over all electric dipole transitions that are driven during the state detection, $q_i$($q_j$) is the equilibrium population in the lower state of the $i$ ($j$) transition, $r_{i, \text{dark}}$ is the branching fraction from the upper state of the $i$ transition to a dark state, $\delta_{i,j}$ is the frequency detuning between the $i$ and $j$ transitions, $\Gamma$ is the decay rate of the $P_{1/2}$ state, $p$ is the electronic branching fraction from the $P_{1/2}$ state to the $S_{1/2}$ state, and $L(\delta_{i,j}, \Gamma)$ is a Lorentzian function with the peak normalized to unity,

\begin{equation}
    L(\delta_{i,j}, \Gamma) = \frac{1}{4\delta_{i,j}^2/\Gamma^2+1}.
\end{equation}

The dark-to-bright error for each cooling transition photon scattered is

\begin{equation}
    \epsilon_\text{db} = \sum_i^{\text{d}\rightarrow\text{b}}\sum_j^\text{driven} q_i q_j r_{i, \text{bright}} L(\delta_{i,j}, \Gamma) / p,
\end{equation}
where $\sum_i^{\text{d}\rightarrow\text{b}}$ is a summation over all electric dipole transitions from dark states where the upper state of the transition can branch into bright states, and $r_{i, \text{bright}}$ is the branching fraction from the upper state of the $i$ transition to a bright state.

\begin{table*}[t]
\caption{Candidate alkaline-earth-like isotopes and their relevant atomic properties are given, including the half-life, nuclear spin $I$, magic rf trap drive frequency $\Omega_\text{rf}$, and hyperfine splittings, HF$_{n}$, of the $S_{1/2}$ and $P_{1/2}$ electronic states. The evaluated $|S_{1/2}, F, m=0\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F', m=0\rangle$ clock transition and quadratic Zeeman (QZ) shift at zero magnetic field are shown. $\epsilon_\text{bd}$ ($\epsilon_\text{db}$) are probability for bright-to-dark (dark-to-bright) errors due to off-resonant scattering.}
\label{table:state-detect-error}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{cccccccccccc}
    Species & Half-life & I & $\Omega_\text{rf}$ (MHz) & HF$_{S}$ (GHz) & HF$_{P}$ (GHz) & Clock $F\rightarrow F'$ & QZ (Hz/G$^2$) & $\epsilon_\text{bd}$ & $\epsilon_\text{db}$ \\
    \hline \\ [-1.5ex]
    $^{43}$Ca$^{+}$ & stable & 7/2 & 23.0 & 3.2 \cite{Arbes1994a} & 0.6 \cite{Noertershaeuser1998} & $3\rightarrow5$ & -3732 & 8.2e-6 & 9.6e-3\\
    $^{87}$Sr$^{+}$ & stable & 9/2 & 15.0 & 5.0 \cite{Sunaoshi1993} & 0.9 \cite{Safronova2010} & $4\rightarrow6$ & -3400 & 2.7e-6 & 1.0e-4 \\
    $^{133}$Ba$^{+}$ & 10.5~y & 1/2 & 3.4 & 9.9 \cite{Hucul2017} & 1.8 \cite{Hucul2017} & $0\rightarrow2$ & -532 & 8.6e-6 & 2.9e-7 \\
    $^{135}$Ba$^{+}$ & stable & 3/2 & 3.3 & 7.2 \cite{Becker1981} & 1.3 \cite{VanHove1985} & $1\rightarrow3$ & 1321 & 5.1e-6 & 8.7e-5 \\
    $^{137}$Ba$^{+}$ & stable & 3/2 & 3.3 & 8.0 \cite{Becker1981} & 1.5 \cite{VanHove1985} & $1\rightarrow3$ & 1162 & 4.0e-6 & 6.8e-5 \\
    $^{171}$Yb$^{+}$ & stable & 1/2 & 7.7 & 12.6 \cite{MaartenssonPendrill1994} & 2.1 \cite{MaartenssonPendrill1994} & $0\rightarrow2$ & 519 & 7.2e-6 & 2.9e-7 \\
    $^{173}$Yb$^{+}$ & stable & 5/2 & 7.6 & 10.5 \cite{MaartenssonPendrill1994} & 1.7 \cite{MaartenssonPendrill1994} & $2\rightarrow1$ & 1526 & 2.4e-8 & 4.7e-8 \\
    $^{223}$Ra$^{+}$ & 11.4~d & 3/2 & 6.1 & 6.8 \cite{Neu1988} & 1.3 \cite{Neu1988} & $1\rightarrow3$ & 1205 & 1.8e-6 & 9.6e-6 \\
    $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$ & 14.9~d & 1/2 & 6.0 & 27.7 \cite{Neu1988} & 5.4 \cite{Neu1988} & $0\rightarrow2$ & -321 & 8.9e-7 & 4.3e-8 \\

\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table*}

For the microwave sequence and the example case of $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$, see Fig. \ref{fig:ra-clock-sequence}, we discuss the state detection infidelties.  During state detection, the $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ is driven, but off-resonant scattering results in two sources of bright-to-dark error and one source of dark-to-bright error.  A bright-to-dark error can occur when the state detection light addressing the $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ off-resonantly drives the $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transition, which is detuned by the $P_{1/2}$ state hyperfine splitting (5.45 GHz).  A bright-to-dark error can also occur when the state detection light addressing the $|D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ transition off-resonantly drives the $|D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transition, which is also detuned by the HF$_{P}$ splitting.  The dark-to-bright error can occur when the $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ state detection light drives the $|S_{1/2}, F=0\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transition.  But, this transition is detuned from the laser frequency by the sum of the $P_{1/2}$ and $S_{1/2}$ state hyperfine splittings (5.45 and 27.7 GHz, respectively \cite{Neu1988}).  This large detuning, 33.1~GHz, makes the microwave sequence, Sec. \ref{sec:microwave}, more robust to dark-to-bright errors compared to the polarization sequence where the detuning is only the $D_{3/2}$ state hyperfine splitting (1.3 GHz \cite{Sahoo2007}) Sec. \ref{sec:polarization}.  For the microwave sequence the probability of a bright-to-dark error is $\epsilon_\text{bd}=8.9\times10^{-7}$, and $\epsilon_\text{db}=4.3\times10^{-8}$ for a dark-to-bright error.  Errors for other non-zero nuclear spin isotopes are shown in Table \ref{table:state-detect-error}.

The off-resonant scattering rates for bright-to-dark and dark-to-bright errors, and the associated minimum photon collection efficiency needed to obtain a $95\%$ state detection fidelity are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:histogram}.  The minimum photon collection efficiency is calculated with the requirement that on average 20 photons are collected during state detection.  For $I=1/2$ isotopes, the systems are robust against dark-to-bright errors, while for $I>1/2$ isotopes, the four hyperfine levels in the $D_{3/2}$ state make the systems more susceptible to dark-to-bright errors during state detection. For a $95\%$ state detection fidelity, the $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$ ion requires a $0.038\%$ photon collection efficiency, considerably lower than the $0.28\%$ photon collection efficiency demonstrated for a $^{226}$Ra$^{+}$ ion optical clock \cite{Holliman2022}. The $^{173}$Yb$^{+}$ ion has the lowest state detection error, 0.03\%, among the ions considered.  The low minimum photon collection efficiency state detection error is because of the high $P_{1/2}$ state to $S_{1/2}$ state branching fraction of 99.5\% \cite{Olmschenk2007} and the nonsequential ordering of the four hyperfine levels in the $D_{3/2}$ state, which results in a larger detuning than sequential ordering.

\section{Two Laser Clock Operation}
A three-level clock may also enable clock operation with only two lasers addressing two electronic transitions.  The ion could be laser cooled by strongly driving the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ electric quadrupole transition and repumping with the $D_{3/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ transition.  Laser cooling has been achieved on the similar $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{5/2}$ electric quadrupole transition in $^{40}$Ca$^{+}$ \cite{Hendricks2008}.   For a three-level clock cooling on the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{5/2}$ transition drops the requirement to drive the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ transition.  For $^{225}$Ra$^+$ the clock would only need 828 nm and 1079 nm lasers, see Fig. \ref{fig:microwave-sequence}.  To perform Doppler cooling the $|S_{1/2}, F=0\rangle\rightarrow | D_{3/2}, F=2\rangle$ and $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle$ transitions are driven while driving the $|D_{3/2}, F=2\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ and $|D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=1\rangle$ transitions to repump population.  The population is then prepared in the $|S_{1/2}, F=0, m=0\rangle$ state by turning off the light driving the $|S_{1/2}, F=0\rangle\rightarrow | D_{3/2}, F=2\rangle$ transition.  For clock interrogation, the $|S_{1/2}, F=0, m=0\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=2, m=0\rangle$ transition is driven, followed by a $|D_{3/2}, F=2, m=0\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=1, m=0\rangle$ microwave $\pi$-pulse at 1.3~GHz which populates a bright state if the clock transition was driven.  The $|S_{1/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle$ and $|D_{3/2}, F=1\rangle\rightarrow |P_{1/2}, F=0\rangle$ transitions are then driven for state detection.  More power would be needed at 828 nm for laser cooling compared to the three laser schemes described in Sec. \ref{sec:clock-operation}, but the trade-off in power could be enabling for integrated photonics as the only required wavelengths are now in the IR.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering{}
\includegraphics[width=1.\linewidth]{two-laser-v3.pdf}
    \caption{Clock measurement sequences for a two-laser $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$ ion optical clock based on the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ transition (red), which is also used for Doppler cooling.  Arrows represent transitions between hyperfine levels, blue circles represent populated hyperfine levels, and gray circles represent the dark state during state detection.  The $D_{3/2}\rightarrow P_{1/2}$ repump transition (gray) and $|D_{3/2}, F=2, m=0\rangle\rightarrow |D_{3/2}, F=1, m=0\rangle$ microwave transition (yellow) are shown.}
    \label{fig:microwave-sequence}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion}
We have proposed three-level clocks with alkaline-earth-like ions with non-zero nuclear spin based on the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ transition. We show that heavy species with large hyperfine splittings, including $^{133}$Ba$^{+}$, $^{171}$Yb$^{+}$, $^{173}$Yb$^{+}$, $^{223}$Ra$^{+}$, and $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$, are promising for realizing such clocks.  We highlight $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$ as a candidate system for a three-level transportable clock due to its low state detection infidelity, ability to achieve low total systematic uncertainty, and suitability for integrated photonics \cite{Holliman2022}.  Optical losses in integrated photonics generally decrease the farther the light is from the UV \cite{Liu2018, West2019}, which makes clock species such as Ra$^+$ \cite{Holliman2022}, whose shortest wavelength is at 468~nm, see Fig. \ref{fig:radium-225-hyperfine}, promising for integrated photonics.  The radium ion clock $\lambda=828$~nm and repump $\lambda=1079$~nm transitions could also be frequency summed to generate the $\lambda=468$~nm Doppler cooling light, eliminating the need for a blue laser.

Among the alkaline-earth elements, the radium ion has the lowest sensitivity to blackbody radiation, and is promising for reaching total systematic uncertainty at the low $10^{-18}$ level \cite{Versolato2011b, Holliman2022}. Similar to the other alkaline-earth-like ions, the radium ion's $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ clock transition has a negative differential scalar polarizability clock transition, see Table \ref{table:clock-candidates}.  This enables operation at a magic rf trap drive frequency, see Table \ref{sec:state-detect-error}, such that the micromotion induced-scalar Stark shift and the second-order Doppler shift cancel \cite{Dube2014}. For $^{225}$Ra$^{+}$, the quadratic Zeeman shift coefficient at zero field is smaller than that of the $^{171}$Yb$^{+}$ ion, see Table \ref{table:state-detect-error}. In a clock frequency comparison with a protocol proposed here Ra$^{+}$ could help improve the constraints on $\dot\alpha/\alpha$ \cite{Lange2021}.  For Ra$^{+}$, the sensitivity $K$ to the time variation of the fine structure constant $\dot\alpha/\alpha$ of the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{3/2}$ clock transition $K_{3/2}=3.03$ is higher than the $S_{1/2}\rightarrow D_{5/2}$ transition $K_{5/2}=2.78$, which is the largest positive $K$ among demonstrated optical clocks \cite{Flambaum2009}. This increase in sensitivity also comes with an improved stability because of the $D_{3/2}$ state lifetime 638(10)~ms that is more than a factor of two longer compared to the $D_{5/2}$ state lifetime 303(4)~ms \cite{Pal2009}.

We thank Sam Brewer and Shimon Kolkowitz for feedback on the manuscript, and Dave Leibrandt for helpful discussions and pointing out reference \cite{Hendricks2008}. This research was performed under the sponsorship of ONR Grant No. N00014-21-1-2597, DoE grant DE-SC0022034, and NSF grant 2146555.

\bibliographystyle{apsrev4-2}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


I took a little blog-cation to hang out with my mom and her BFF last week. More to come soon on our awesome Round Top adventure!!
But let's talk about this weekend. Saturday was a little rough…an ear infection, a big fall on the kitchen tile, and a K-State loss. Ughhh.
That's okay though because Sunday made up for it. Houston finally got the memo and blessed us with some awesome Fall-like weather, so we busted out our boots and long sleeves and headed to church!
By the way, I love our church. We have finally found the place that we're supposed to be and it feels so good. It feels extra good in fall clothes, I might add.
We topped off our Sunday with football, chili and friends. Now that's a darn good day, if you ask me!
Linking up with Emily & Leah for Mommy & Me Monday!
This little chica thinks she needs to walk everywhere these days–just not alone. I take that back, I did catch her taking a few steps away from the coffee table the other day, but as soon as she saw me she squatted down to the ground and pretended it didn't happen. I think she's a closet-walker!!!
Here's a little look into the rest of our weekend. Please don't be too impressed by my awesome iPhone pics, okay?!
1. I was fixing breakfast on Friday morning and looked over to see this…Arden trying to put one of her bows on Hazel! Have I taught this girl well or what?!
4. What better way to take your mind off a loss than a stiff drink pumpkin?! Little miss ear infection missed out on the pumpkin patch fun with her friends that morning, so we stocked up at HEB instead. We'll decorate the front porch with these and then hit up the pumpkin patch in a couple weeks. Crossing my fingers for another cold front!
5. My favorite Maren & Norah jammies live on! I love these hand-me-down PJs from Arden's cousins.
Speeeeakkking of bodies…I promise I'm not trying to drop 100lbs off of mine. Apparently my Pinterest account was hacked last week and now all of my followers probably think I'm trying to "Loose Weight Quickly". Ahhh!!! I'm not sure what's more embarrassing–the crazy weight-loss pins or the grammatically incorrect board name?!
And let me know if you're interested in a new weight loss program…it worked for me.
Sorry Arden had an ear infection – we had one too and they are just no fun. Can we talk about when we get to see each other again too? We might need to plan a trip!!
We're up in Iowa until Tuesday night but I will call you this week!
Sorry I forgot to comment on the stopping nursing…we need to talk about that one!! Very bittersweet! Love you!
Um you are skinny minny! No diet needed!
Wow on the Pinterest hack! I saw someone else have the exact same thing (diet pins and all) happen to them a couple weeks ago.
I'm at that decision point with breastfeeding now, too. We've cut back a lot but I'm not sure I'm ready to completely wean her yet 🙁 Is Arden on cow's milk now/was it easy to switch over?
Ha. Lil closet walker! I love her!! And I hopes you loose your weight… Or lose it? People are crazy!!!
I did miss you! Lol;) We are down to two feedings a day and I'm sad too! :/ These baby girls have grown too fast!
You are adorable in your fall clothes…maybe I'm just envious as I'm in workout clothes. Still. At 1pm on Monday. Love you!
That picture of you holding her hand while she walks is just the sweetest!
Total LOL at the pinterest hack.
CUTE pic of you and the little miss. I can't wait until it's finally cool enough to wear our Fall clothes.
ha! Closet-walker, too funny. She is too cute putting a bow on the dog.
Oh my goodness, I can't believe your Pinterest was hacked! You two are just the sweetest. Hope she's feeling better today and you were able to get some sleep last night.


text:
Q: Reading Different Input Types C++ I am attempting to create a student object which takes the name, id, email, and three grades which are integers.
My code is quite simple and is as follows:
studentObj* newStudent = new studentObj;

cout << "Student First Name: ";
getline(cin, newStudent->name);
cout << "Student ID: ";
getline(cin, newStudent->id);
cout << "Student Email: ";
getline(cin, newStudent->email);
cout << "Grade 1: ";
cin >> newStudent->gradeOne;
cout << "Grade 2: ";
cin >> newStudent->gradeTwo;
cout << "Term Grade: ";
cin >> newStudent->termGrade;

cout << "Student Name: " + newStudent->name << endl;
cout << "Student ID: " + newStudent->id << endl;
cout << "Student Email: " + newStudent->email << endl;
cout << "Grade 1: " + newStudent->gradeOne << endl;
cout << "Grade 2: " + newStudent->gradeTwo << endl;

I assumed this would run flawlessly, but unfortunately that is not the case. It seems to be an issue mixing the getline() and cin.
The output is:
Student Name: Test Tester
Student ID: abcdef
Student Email: email@test.com
rade 1:
ade 2:
m Grade:

I've tried adding cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(),'\n'); in a few places, but no luck. Any suggestions?
`

A: You can't add string literals to the integers (well, you can, but in your case you will not get anything meaningful - you will make an offset - so the string output will be rade 1: because "Grade 1" + 1 will point to the string literal rade 1).
cout << "Student Name: " << newStudent->name << endl;
cout << "Student ID: " << newStudent->id << endl;
cout << "Student Email: " << newStudent->email << endl;
cout << "Grade 1: " << newStudent->gradeOne << endl;
cout << "Grade 2: " << newStudent->gradeTwo << endl;

A: Your studentObj::gradeOne and studentObj::gradeTwo members are integer values. The string literal Grade 1: has type char*. An expression of type pointer + integer is the same as pointer[integer]. When you try to print the grade you are really producing a pointer into the string literal (if you are lucky).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


PARTNER CHEM Co. is a leading private company, specialized in supplying quality products. It is divided into 3 main departments eg. chemical distribution,wine distribution and coffee distribution. The first department specializes in chemical raw materials supplying for different branches of industry eg.water treatment, agriculture, food processing, glassware industry etc. (www.partnerchem.pl ).
The Second department called MAGIA del VINO is used to import and distribute Italian quality wines (www.magiadelvino.pl ). Most of wines we import are well recognized all over the world and won lots of international prizes which are a proof of their the highest quality.The third department imports and distributes top Italian coffee under the brand BRAVI CAFFE on Polish, Ukrainian and Russian markets (www.bravicaffe.pl ).
Produkty i usługi: Plastic resins eg. HDPE, LDPE, PP • Water treatment chemicals: manganese ore • Food additives: vitamin C, citric acid, sodium citrate etc. • pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials: glycerin, lanolin, SLES etc • industrial chemicals for agriculture, tanning companies, glassware factories, lubricants etc. • Italian wines IGT, DOC, DOCG • Italian coffee BRAVI CAFFE.


The Florida home inspection industries' landscape has changed dramatically over the past few years.
Gone are the days when anyone could pick up a flashlight and clipboard and call themselves a home inspector. (Or are they?) There are over sixty home inspection companies servicing the West Palm Beach area alone and all of them are looking for your business. As of July 1, 2010 The Florida Department of Business and Regulation required home inspectors in Florida to be licensed and insured. Previous to the deadline there were more would be home inspectors trying to get certified through various types of home inspection training schools than there were actual home inspectors working. Florida has twice as many home inspectors than any other state. This was due in part to the rise and fall of the housing market. After the bubble burst it left a lot of people in the housing industry looking for ways to earn a living and since there were no regulations in place at the time Construction Workers, General Contractors, Real Estate Agents, Mortgage Brokers and a lot of other people saw the home inspection industry as a way to make ends meet. This and the the resulting lawsuits are what lead to the home inspection industry being regulated by the state. Public safety issues were another reason for our new found regulations. There's not a home inspector in the business that would complain about these regulations. They were meant to weed out those home inspectors that are less experienced and frankly, those who have no business calling themselves a home inspector. Unfortunately as most laws usually do, it has had the opposite effect. For 6 to 8 months prior to the laws going into affect there were home inspection training companies heavily marketing to the masses and there taglines were all the same " Become a Home Inspector, No Experience Necessary." The law provided a loophole (as most of them do) for people to be grandfathered in and the only criteria was you had to be certified by one of these nationally accredited home inspection training schools. This is all the fertilization home inspector training schools needed to start popping up like politicians at a Palm Beach political fundraiser. A lot of these inspectors couldn't tell you the difference between a dormer and a driveway. Even the more experienced contractors such as a plumbing contractor or an electrical contractor for example, may not be experienced enough to give you a thorough home inspection. Sure he may do an excellent job inspecting your water heater or your electrical system but how much do you think he's going to be able to tell you about the condition of your HVAC system? When ever I get a call requesting a home inspection the first question asked by the client is usually "How much for a home inspection?" Rarely do they ever ask what is your background, are you licensed and insured or what type of reports will I receive. With all of the FREE online advertising outlets out there such as Craigslist, Yellow Pages, and Google Places it's easy to find someone willing to inspect your home for a lot cheaper than a qualified home inspector. A cheap inspection should be your first clue that something is not right. These unestablished, unlicensed and uninsured home inspectors can afford to inspect your home for cheaper because they don't have the overhead expenses that a professional home inspector has. It's only a matter of time before these types of home inspectors will be out of business. One good lawsuit and they will be finished. It's like playing Russian Roulette when hiring them and hopefully you wont be the one facing them in court. Always remember that a thorough home inspection is seldom cheap and a cheap home inspection is rarely good. You should always do your best to find out what a home inspectors background is. What gives him the qualifications and the right to advise you on one of the biggest financial investments that your ever likely to make. Choosing the right home inspector is just as important as choosing the right home. At Beacon Home Inspection Services it is our job to make sure your getting the home of your dreams and not someone else's nightmares.
What type of home inspection services do you provide? There are three inspections that a home owner should insist on getting before closing on a home. The first obviously is the home inspection itself. A good home inspector will also include a visual inspection for mold and Chinese Drywall (Chinese Drywall only applies to homes built between (2000 to 2008) during the home inspection process. These two issues if undetected could end up costing you tens of thousands of dollars after you purchase the home. If one of these issues are detected during the home inspection there are optional testing procedures that should be followed to document the condition of the home at the time of the inspection which gives the buyer the power to negotiate on price or walk away from the deal completely. The second is a formal mold inspection and air quality testing. With so many homes and foreclosures on the market in West Palm Beach some of these home have been sitting vacant for awhile while no electricity. Coupled with the high humidity in South Florida conditions conducive for mold growth are probably some of the highest in the nation. When viewing a home you may not see signs of mold because the seller may have cleaned or replaced items of these tell tale signs but that doesn't mean that these remediation processes where done properly which while on the surface everything may look OK but the home could still be full of unseen dormant mold spores. The third inspection a home owner should consider when buying a property in South Florida is a termite inspection. Termites, especially subterranean termites are very common in Florida the high humidity, improper drainage of your property and old stumps in the yard that were not removed are all magnets for termites and other Wood Destroying Organisms (WDOs) and left undetected can ravage a structure doing massive amounts of damage in as little as a couple of years.
What type of home inspection report do you provide? (A check list or narrative type report?) Check list type home inspection reports are done quickly and are very vague with little information. Narrative type reports are going to be more detailed and informative. A good home inspector will always include details in the report on things you can and should do to update your home to make it more safe, comfortable, and efficient. These types of things are not provided in a checklist type home inspection.
Are you affiliated with any of the nationally recognized home inspection associations? (InterNACHI and ASHI are the most popular) This is important because these associations have continuing education guidelines that must be followed to ensure home inspectors are keeping up with the ever changing conditions of homes.
How long will my home inspection take and how soon after will I have my report? A thorough home inspection should take between 2 to 3 1/2 hours depending on the size and age of the home. There are a lot of home inspection companies that will send in a team of home inspectors and print or email you your report as soon as they're finished. This is more for their benefit than yours. A properly prepared home inspection report should take just as long as the home inspection itself. A good time limit on when to expect your report is within 24 hours after the completion of the inspection depending on the size and age of the home.
Don't be afraid to ask for references, a sample of the report that you will receive, and proof of licensure and insurance.


Acupuncture is part of a complete holistic health care system, and provides effective treatment for both acute illness or pain and chronic disease. It enhances the body's innate ability to heal itself, improving overall physiological function and promoting emotional well-being. Acupuncture is also used as preventive medicine, strengthening immunity and supporting overall health.
Acupuncture is recognized in the United States as a viable treatment for illness and pain relief. Acupuncture is safe, using sterile, single-use, FDA-approved needles.
The Chinese term for acupuncture zhen jiu translates to "Needles & Moxibustion". Moxibustion is a powerful heat therapy using burning dried mugwort (Artemesia vulgaris or argyii) to heat acupuncture points. This therapy can be especially helpful treating pain and strengthening the body's own physiological functions. Cupping (the application of glass suction cups to the skin) is another adjunct therapy frequently used in our clinic to facilitate circulation and reduce pain.


This event (16-19 October) was a successful reprise of a previous event that took part in the 2007 conference series. Plenary presenters included Thomas Luetzkendorf, on remaining objective in assessing performance, Luis Bragança on affordability and investment issues, Miguel Amado, and Nils Larsson on the nature and activities of the new Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction.
There were 21 separate technical sessions organized in the 3 parallel streams, covering a broad range of sustainability issues. The high level of knowledge and experience of Dimitrios Bikas, the main organizer, was evident throughout.


text:
CIP at a glance
Down to business
Gaining skills and grasping
opportunities in the Philippines
Small-scale farmers grow their crops with few guarantees of markets for them.
Limited business skills or information on demand frequently means these farmers have to rely on intermediaries who set prices for their goods. Small farms often unable to sell their crops, or are just able to grow enough to feed their families. Greater knowledge of markets, credit and product development could contribute to adding value to and extending the shelf life of their goods.
Institutionalizing processes which commit government partners to supporting start-up businesses has been a focus of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The United Nations agency supports sustainable rural development through the provision of a mix of loans to governments and grants to partners. One such successful grant initiative has been the farmer business school, which combines a focus on crop production and processing with participatory market chain approaches to help smallholders develop new products and engage with other value chain actors.
In 2011, the International Potato Center (CIP) first received a grant to run farmer business schools in the Philippines, followed by a second grant in 2015 extending the work to India and Indonesia. The 6- to 10-month business schools teach farmers how to undertake market assessments, and develop and market new products.
Attentive to the importance of inclusive growth, scientists developed gender-responsive training materials and checklists for field staff, who ensured that at least half the participants were women. Participants are helped to pool their resources to produce the larger volumes of products needed to be competitive. Each school group develops a business, which is then launched on graduation day.
In San Carlos, a remote community on the Philippine island of Bohol, where the poverty rate is almost 50%, CIP combined the business school approach with agronomic training and distribution of planting material for nutritious orange- and purple-fleshed sweetpotato varieties. In 2018, a group of women in San Carlos launched Camoteville, a business producing and selling sweetpotato jams, juices and candies on the island.
Camoteville manager Catalina Escabas explained that the farmer business school had an important impact on her life. "I finally know how to start up a business and how to turn camote (sweetpotato) into a profit, so I can earn more income for my family," she said.
And they have thrived! One IFAD loan which started in the Philippines in 2011 with six pilot schools that launched businesses grew to almost 100 business groups by 2015. By 2019, they numbered more than 150 in three countries, and 79% of graduates were women. The approach has been taken up by government agencies and NGOs in the partner countries. For instance, partners such as the Visayas State University have also adopted the model and implemented it with other NGOs to reach even more farmers.
Originally focusing on root and tuber crops, the business schools were adapted and expanded to fishing communities in the Philippines. The 'aqua-based business schools' served 36 coastal communities participating in the IFAD-funded Fisheries, Coastal Resources and Livelihoods (FishCORAL) project. They launched an array of products, prompting FishCORAL managers to organize a second round of business schools for 2019.
Such buy-in attests to the potential of inclusive farmer business schools in improving competitiveness and incomes. The institutional support received from key civil society groups and government partners bodes well for the sustainability of such initiatives.
Catalina Escabas and her neighbors in San Carlos, on the Philippine island of Bohol, launched a business called Camoteville that makes sweetpotato juices, sauces and other products (credit CIP/ S. Fajardo).
Funders: CGIAR System donors through the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas; European Commission; International Fund for Agricultural Development.
Key partners: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Philippines; Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, India; Central Potato Research institute, India; Department of Agriculture, Philippines; Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Philippines; Indonesian Agency for Food Security; Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development; Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute; International Center for Tropical Agriculture; Meghalaya Basin Development Authority, India; Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia; Visayas State University.
Associated CGIAR Research Programs: Roots, Tubers and Bananas; Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
Seeds of success
INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTER
CIP Headquarters Avenida La Molina 1895, La Molina Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
cip-cpad@cgiar.org
cipotato.org
CIP thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust Fund
Copyright 2019 © International Potato Center. All rights reserved.
This work by the International Potato Center is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at: http://www.cipotato.org/contact/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


To understand the typical presentation, risk factors, location and size, treatment, neurological recovery and survival of spontaneous spinal epidural haematomas (SSEH) in children.
A systematic review of the English literature from 1 January 1960 to 1 March 2018 was performed on children aged 18 years and younger. Individual patient data were extracted and collated. Outcome measures were mode of presentation, risk factors, initial neurological findings, initial presumed diagnosis, diagnostic investigations, site and size of the SSEH, treatment, neurological recovery and survival.
Thirty-one publications and 36 patients were reviewed. All age groups were affected. 83% of patients did not have a known risk factor. Back pain was reported in 61% and neurological dysfunction in 97% of patients, although not all articles defined these parameters. Initially 28% of patients were suspected of having an alternative diagnosis. All patients had an MRI and/or CT scan confirming the diagnosis. The cervical-thoracic region was most commonly affected, and the average haematoma size extended across 6.3 vertebral levels. Surgical decompression was performed in 72% of patients. Neurological function improved in 83% of patients. Two patients died as a consequence of their SSEH.
SSEHs affect all paediatric age groups and typically present with neurological dysfunction and/or back pain. The initial diagnosis is incorrect in up to 28% of cases, but cross-sectional spinal imaging is diagnostic. Most SSEHs are located in the cervico-thoracic region and affect multiple spinal levels. The treatment depends on whether the patient has a bleeding disorder and their neurological status.


text:
Bela Fleck
This I Believe: Music reaches everyone
This essay was written for a church project, and is modeled after the Edward R. Murrow and NPR "This I Believe" essay series.
I was a government and Native American studies major in college — but the best course I ever took was called "Beethoven in Context."
When no one's around, there are few things I love more than putting on headphones, turning off the lights, and freaking. out. to Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. Not the opening notes of the famous First Movement, but the crescendo between the third and fourth movements, the sudden shifts, the way all the instruments weave together, and the way it absolutely drives forward, pushing every limit.
But Beethoven didn't hear it the same way. By the time he finished this symphony — a process that took him four years — he was two-thirds along the way to becoming entirely deaf. He could still feel the music's power, though — they say he sawed the legs off his piano and sat on the floor, experiencing the vibrations of each and every note.
Even Beethoven could experience music. Music has a way of reaching literally everyone.
And so, I believe in the power of music. We all know what it's like to hear a favorite song come on the radio and be whisked away to an old memory or special place. When I hear Bela Fleck's "Big Country," it's like a door opens in my soul and I'm really back in New Hampshire's White Mountains.
If someone doesn't love music, maybe it's only because they haven't heard the right song with the right voice or the right instrumentation yet. This is where my Native American studies professors come back in: Some tribes say that the most special thing you can ever receive or share is your singular song, the one that belongs only to you.
Music may not be my core belief or my mission in life, but it is what makes me who I am. It is how I best connect to God — taking in a brass concert at Christmastime, chanting psalms at a Boston monastery, or singing my favorite hymns on Easter Sunday. Why, even an atheist can say that I connect to my creator through music. My birthmother played the flute when she was pregnant, and I'm told that for years after my birth, anytime I heard a flute, I stopped what I was doing and cocked my ear towards the radio.
In a more secular sense, I most feel like myself through music, whether that's identifying with the realistic poetry of a new Americana favorite, feeling like I'm finally home during a Steep Canyon Rangers concert, working up a sweat just watching Springsteen videos and DVDs, or ending the day with a favorite mellow playlist of Alison Krauss and Billy Joe Shaver just before bed.
I even believe that certain songs saved my life during my angsty, most-depressed teenage years, holding me back from suicide by reminding me of a better future in grace.
Music makes us all equal. The worst singer can be the most grateful audience member; the worst guitar player the best poet. A Specter-esque wall of sound greets a hedge fund manager the same way a vocal chord can lift up an African farmer. Math may be the universal foundation, but music, with its inherent power and depth and as something to be experienced rather than simply heard, is the universal language.
Posted in Essays, Rants, and Ramblings and tagged Alison Krauss, Beethoven, Bela Fleck, Billy Joe Shaver, Bruce Springsteen on May 25, 2014 by Nathan Empsall. Leave a comment


text:
Review: The Goldfinch
Andrew Parker September 11, 2019 6:07 am September 11, 2019
Adapting something as sprawling, highly detailed, strange, and twisty as Donna Tartt's Pulitzer Prize winning 2014 novel The Goldfinch for the big screen might've been an impossible task for anyone to attempt, but director John Crowley and screenwriter Peter Straughan certainly give their all with this uneven, sometimes bizarre, but never boring literary epic. It's bound to divide audiences and leave some viewers cold, but then again, so does Tartt's book. The Goldfinch isn't a subtle book and Crowley's adaptation isn't a subtle movie, but within its barely contained, shaggy construction, there's plenty to like, admire, and be entertained by, even when saddled with an elephantine two-and-a-half hour running time that feels every bit of that length.
The Goldfinch is a time-shifting story that unfolds across years in the life of a young man named Theodore Decker, played by Oakes Fegley as a teenager and Ansel Elgort as a twentysomething. Theodore watched his mother and several others die after a bomb goes off at a New York art gallery in 2002. Essentially orphaned because his alcoholic, irresponsible actor father, Larry (Luke Wilson), has been out of the picture for years, Theodore is taken in by a wealthy friend of the family (Nicole Kidman) who has two sons, a stepson, and a daughter of her own. Theodore is an odd fit for the blue blooded Barbours, with his surrogate mom and brotherly best friend (Ryan Foust) being the only family members to show the boy kindness. Around this same time, Theodore strikes up a friendship with a kind-hearted antique furniture dealer (Jeffrey Wright), who lost his business partner in the bombing and now looks after the dead man's daughter, Pippa (Aimee Laurence as a youth, Ashleigh Cummings as an adult).
After about an hour of set-up the Barbours and their luxurious, aloof lifestyle – while getting brief glimpses of adult Theodore's messy life peppered throughout – The Goldfinch shifts things again when Larry decides that he wants custody of his son. Larry forces Theodore to move to a virtually deserted shithole of foreclosed prefab homes in the California desert, where he lives with his ditzy, younger girlfriend, Xandra (Sarah Paulson). The uncouth, scheming, and reckless Larry does everything possible to make Theodore's life a living, embarrassing hell, but during this time, the young man makes a valuable friend in Boris (Finn Wolfhard as a kid, Aneurin Barnard as an adult), a Russian boy with an equally terrible dad who's one of the only other residents in the desolate area. Boris proves to be a bad influence on Theodore, introducing him to the joys of booze, pills, and acid, but as a friend he's a resoundingly loyal and thoughtful one.
The mystery at the heart of The Goldfinch doesn't surround who committed the bombing or if anyone around Theodore had anything to do with it. Instead, the story looks at the trauma suffered by Theodore over the years that remained unexamined or treated via his connection to a painting; the titular masterpiece that Pippa's father frantically told the young boy to swipe from the rubble and protect in the wake of the bombing. It requires a lot of work to keep this in mind throughout The Goldfish because it keeps adding so many characters and new pathways for Theodore to follow that it all becomes rather hard to buy into without a healthy suspension of disbelief.
Theodore's relationship to the painting and how its checkered history acts as a metaphor for his current situation is the focus of the film's final third. As an adult, who has relocated back to New York City, Theodore is working in antiques, and carrying himself like a man of class and taste, with his bespoke suits, stylish eyewear, and supercilious charms masking the fact that he has an out of control painkiller addiction and his impending marriage to his former surrogate sister is pretty much a loveless sham. Around this time, Theodore and Boris reunite and key truths about the painting are revealed.
Not everything connects or makes a lot of sense in The Goldfinch, but then again, Tartt's novel might be one of the most critically contentious Pulitzer winners of all time. It's hard to say that a story with so many shifting tones and emotional settings – which range from comatose to heart-stopping – goes off the rails. In order to make such a claim, one would have to build tracks to begin with, and the overall unmoored approach adopted by Crowley (Brooklyn, Intermission) and Straughan (Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, The Snowman) is one that makes sense for a story of a young man who perpetually feels out of place and unloved by the world around him. Anyone who previously complained that Tartt's source material was overlong, indulgent nonsense won't suddenly be converted by Crowley and Straughan's efforts, but those who found something enriching in the pages and anyone unfamiliar with the text should find a considerable amount of investment in wondering just where The Goldfinch might be going next.
Straughan's dialogue is chock full of frequently overwritten, hammy approximations of how rich people or white trash types converse with each other, but one couldn't accuse the screenwriter or ignoring Tartt's original approach. The strangeness and ineffable sense of longing present in the book also comes through rather well, especially during the middle third's examination of Theodore and Boris' friendship. That's the strongest section of the film, but unfortunately it comes after a wheel-spinning, world building, and maudlin opening section and sandwiched before a final act detour that turns into a thriller. None of these things go together perfectly now, but they never went together perfectly in the first place. The Goldfinch was a success as a novel because it blended high society trappings with low class storytelling tropes, an eye for detail, and a talent for language. The film adaptation of The Goldfinch stumbles mightily over the love for language – with characters who staunchly refuse to sound like actual human beings – but everything else feels spot on.
It's hard to keep a consistent and engrossing pace going with such material, but Crowley does his best and the cast seem more than up to the challenge of keeping things snappy and engaging, even when some of the choices made seem to be working against the material. Kidman delivers her turn in a strange, almost alien monotone, but that's how the character has been written, so one can't accuse her of phoning anything in. Wilson can't quite get a handle on playing an irredeemable asshole, but there are a few moments of brilliance in his performance. Wright brings a considerable amount of warmth and empathy with his turn as one of only two truly decent people in the story. Fegley and Elgort make for charismatic and sympathetic leads, while Wolfhard and Barnard do the best they can to overcome their character's thick and distracting Russian accent. Crowley seems to be giving his cast plenty of space to find the tics and eccentricities of his characters, and although the script begs to disagree, there's an almost improvisational quality to The Goldfinch. It might be because the increasingly convoluted storyline seems to be making everything up as it goes along, but at least the actors perform like they know what they signed up for.
So too does masterful cinematographer Roger Deakins, who doesn't deliver one of the most memorable films of his career, but still puts in a stylish effort that's better than most of his peers and contemporaries. Deakins (whose use of light and movement remains unparalleled) and film's top notch production design and costuming departments give The Goldfinch a degree of technical respectability and visual sheen that's required to suspend disbelief long enough to remain invested in a story that's more than a little silly. Crowley has made sure that every frame of The Goldfinch is dripping with prestige, even when some of that distinction isn't warranted or supported.
The Goldfinch, as a novel, has been dismissed by many critics as a tawdry sort of paperback read that has been elevated to a certain level of esteem because it just so happens to take place among a group of wealthy elites, and while I can't exactly argue with such claims, I would suggest that there's more to Tartt's work and Crowley's adaptation of it than its detractors give it credit for. As a depiction of how post traumatic stress and broken family bonds can create monsters beneath the skins of the most seemingly well adjusted people, The Goldfinch has a remarkable amount of poignancy and truth if one wants to look past the obvious plot mechanics. While the story revels in opulence and looks down upon anyone making less than eight figures a year, it's in the service of an interesting (albeit half-baked) critique on the nature of privilege and how social shunning can still exist within members of the same tax bracket. Yes, the plot is wild, woolly, silly, unashamedly melodramatic and out-of-control, but it's certainly entertaining, whether you think of it as a cinematic car crash, an ironic literary adaptation, or an earnest, genuine work of art. There any right answers when talking about The Goldfinch, either as a book or as a film, but the best effort has been given here to adapt a book that probably couldn't be adequately adapted in the first place.
The Goldfinch opens in theatres everywhere on Friday, September 13, 2019.
This film was screened as a part of the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival.
Check out the trailer for The Goldfinch:
Aneurin BarnardAnsel ElgortDonna TarttFinn WolfhardJohn CrowleyLuke WilsonNicole KidmanThe GoldfinchTIFF 19Toronto International Film Festival


Chemnitz-based artist Pedro Engel strikes back with a powerful 3rd album. Distancing himself even more from the myriads of Hellektro clones, ACYLUM takes its very own dark elektro style with solid harsh beats, hammering drums, 'punch-in-your-face' provocative lyrics, massive orchestral arrangements and intense harsh vocals. This version comes as a limited deluxe carton box edition including the bonus 'remix album 'Der Feind' presenting some 15 reinterpretations of album songs by various artists in the likes of LEAETHER STRIP, SUPREME COURT, FGFC820, IMPLANT, PNE, CEPHALGY, ICE AGES, ASSEPTIC ROOM, and many more.


The Proper Dive Buddy Check - How Do You Say BWRAF?
It's a sad fact that diver error is a leading cause of scuba diving accidents and, according to DAN, accidents are just as likely to happen to new divers as those certified for several years. If you find yourself paired with a diver who thinks they're too special to do a buddy check, remind them it's much easier to fix a small problem above water than dealing with a big problem underwater.
B – BCD/Buoyancy: Make sure everything is connected and functioning properly. Test the inflator button and all of the deflate valves. Dry suit divers should check if their inflator valve is working and ensure their deflate valves are adjusted properly.
If you're unfamiliar with your buddy's gear, it's important to know how to adjust their buoyancy. Ask questions. In an emergency, you'll be glad you did.
W – Weight: Ensure both divers have weights and that all weights are secure. Give a gentle tug on BC weight pouches to confirm they're locked in and won't fall out during entry. If applicable: check weight belts, rear BC weight pockets and any other places where weights may need to be secured.
R – Releases: Check all releases to confirm they are secure and tell your diving partner how to open the release if needed in an emergency. Always check the tank strap in addition to other releases such as: BC shoulder and chest straps, a weight belt, etc. Also check to make sure there aren't any hoses or other items positioned in a way that might prevent a diver from getting out of their equipment in an emergency.
A – Air: The purpose of the air step is sometimes mis-remembered. Taking a quick breath or two off the regulator isn't enough. A proper air check means physically verifying the cylinder valve is completely open and taking multiple breaths while looking at an SPG or air-integrated computer. This allows you to ensure the tank valve is open, see how much air is available for the dive, verify the air monitoring device is functioning, and that the air tastes okay. Check your alternate air source and make sure your buddy knows where to locate it in an emergency.
F – Final Check: As part of the final check, gather up all your gear (mask, snorkel, fins, dive light, camera, audible and visual signaling device, etc.) secure loose hoses and other objects that may dangle and damage the reef. Do a head to toe check to ensure both divers are ready to go.
The steps described above are meant to be a generic, quick review for divers using open circuit. Technical divers, rebreather divers and others should conduct safety checks appropriate to their diving activities.
*Because this is the Professional Association of Diving Instructors after all, we're not going to mention the BWRAFs that refer to women, baby wipes, inappropriate activities with rattlesnakes, etc.
When you think about it, BWRAF is something you do everyday. Think about the checklist you go through before leaving your home: filling up your water bottle, taking a jacket, grabbing your phone, wallet, keys, etc. You've developed this leaving home procedure to ensure you're prepared to deal with whatever situation may arise while you're away.
Whether you're leaving home for the day, or leaving the air-breathing world for the underwater one, it's important to be prepared. Doing a buddy check can help make sure your dive is about having fun rather than dealing with problems.
Another way to gain peace of mind is to become a PADI Rescue Diver. During the course you'll learn how to deal with problems through fun role-playing exercises and gain confidence in your diving skills. The Rescue Diver course truly is "serious fun," and many divers tell us it's their favorite of all the PADI courses.


text:
Summer Professional Development
Boston College High School is a Jesuit, Catholic college preparatory school.
We strive to challenge our students to become young men of integrity, educated in faith and for justice, committed to academic excellence and service to others. As a Jesuit, Catholic high school, we strive to reflect the diversity of our church and community.
Our mission since 1863 has been to form leaders of competence, conscience and compassion who seek to do all things ad majorem Dei gloriam – for the greater glory of God.
The Graduate at Graduation
The program of formation at Boston College High School has endeavored to develop, in each of the students, characteristics and qualities that reflect the tradition and ideals of Jesuit education. Each student has been provided with and, hopefully, generously responded to, the challenge to become a young man who is Open to Growth, Intellectually Competent, Religious, Loving, and Committed to Doing Justice.
Open to Growth
That is, he has matured as a person - emotionally, intellectually, physically, socially, religiously - to a level that reflects intentional responsibility for his growth; and he is beginning to reach out, seeking opportunities to stretch his mind, imagination, feelings, and religious consciousness.
Intellectually Competent
That is, he has directed much of his energy toward the pursuit of knowledge; he not only exhibits competency in those academic skills needed for further education, but has also developed skills and understanding that go beyond the requirements for college entrance; and he appreciates the need for intellectual integrity and self-motivation in his quest for justice and truth.
That is, he has a basic knowledge of the major doctrines and practices of the Roman Catholic church; and he has examined his beliefs with a view to establishing an active relationship with a religious tradition and community.
That is, he is well on the way to establishing his identity; he is moving beyond self-interest and self-centeredness in his relationships with others; and he is beginning to disclose himself while accepting the mystery of other persons and cherishing them.
Committed to Doing Justice
That is, he has gained specific knowledge of the many needs of local and wider communities; he is preparing for the day when he will take a place in these communities as a competent, responsible, and concerned member; and he has begun to acquire the skills and motivation necessary to live as a person for others.
The Graduate at Graduation (Full Text)


It is important for students to give credit to resources they use when conducting research and completing projects, even in elementary school. The following list includes suggested guidelines for teaching students how to give proper credit to sources, which is broken down by grade level.
A reference list should be placed in alphabetical order by the first word of your reference (but you should ignore words like "a," "an," or "the" if these are the first words). Make sure to proof read your references list and follow correct capitalization and punctuation. If no author is known for a magazine, encyclopedia, or Internet source, start the reference with the title.
Students may also use Citation Machine, which is a free, online resource that will automatically generate a citation in a variety of formats (APA, MLA, Turabian, Chicago, etc.).
Gail Gibbons. The Fruit We Eat.
Scholastic. A Super Celebration, Website.
Author (last name, first name). Title, Source (name of publication and/or "online," if applicable).
Book: Gail Gibbon., The Fruit We Eat.
Encyclopedia: Tigers. Britannica Elementary. Online.
Periodical: "Who's That Bird." scholastic News. Online.
Website: "Emperor Penguin." A-Z Animals. Website.
Author (Last Name, first). Title (underlined if book; quotation marks if Encylopedia or Periodical). Name of Source (if magazine, encyclopedia, etc.) Date. Online. (if online resource).
Gibbons, Gail. The Fruit We Eat. 2016.
"Tigers." Britannica Elementary. 2017. Online.
Scholastic. "A Super Celebration." Scholastic News. February 5, 2016. Online.
Davitt, Joe. "Saving San Diego's Rarest Plant Species." San Diego ZooNooz. 11 Jan. 2017. Website.
Author (Last Name, first). Title (underlined if book; quotation marks if Encylopedia or Periodical). Name of Source (if magazine, encyclopedia, etc.) Date. URL (if applicable).
Zissou, Rebecca. "Surviving Kristallnacht." Junior Scholastic. November 25, 2013. Accessed Online.


text:
/ CL Answers
/ Which sunscreens and after-sun products are contaminated with benzene and which are not?
www.consumerlab.com/answers/benzene-contamination-in-sunscreen-and-aftersun/benzene-sunscreen/
Our Members Asked:
Which sunscreens and after-sun products are contaminated with benzene and which are not?
Medically reviewed and edited by Tod Cooperman, M.D.
Last Updated: 10/05/2021 | Initially Posted: 05/25/2021
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Benzene, which has been linked to blood cancers, has been reported in a large number of sunscreens and after-sun products that were independently tested. The products included sprays, gels, lotions, and creams. Benzene was found in 43 out of 224 sunscreens and in 8 of 48 after-sun products. FDA guidance suggests that no level of benzene is safe, and it is not permitted in these or other products.
Among sunscreens, the highest average concentrations of benzene (2 ppm to 6 ppm) were in four sprays from the same brand -- although many other sprays and products from that brand had less or no detectable benzene. The next highest average concentrations of benzene (0.1 to 1 ppm) were in twelve products that were primarily sprays but included four lotions.
[UPDATE: 10/5/21: Coppertone announced the recall last week of 12 different lots of five aerosol sunscreen products that the company identified as containing benzene. These products were manufactured between January 10 and June 15, 2021, and were not among the Coppertone products tested and reported by Valisure, but we have added each of these and marked them as "Recalled" in our list.]
[UPDATE: 7/15/21: Johnson and Johnson announced the recall yesterday of all lots of 13 Neutrogena sunscreens and one Aveeno sunscreen, including seven that we had listed as contaminated and seven additional products (which have been added to our list). Internal testing by J&J identified low levels of benzene in some samples of these products. Each of these products is now marked "Recalled" in our list.]
After-sun products with the highest concentrations of benzene consisted of four gels and one spray. (Also see ConsumerLab's Review of Aloe Supplements, Gels and Drinks which includes tests of topical aloe products often used after sun exposure or for sunburn. One of the brands of aloe vera gel found to contain a high concentration of benzene also failed to pass ConsumerLab's tests for aloe vera.)
Active ingredients listed in contaminated products were also listed in products that were not contaminated — so you can't tell from these listed ingredients which products contain benzene. We don't know the source of the benzene, but it could relate to how a particular ingredient was manufactured, where it was sourced, or how it moved through the supply chain. Consequently, products having the same ingredients can be different with regard to benzene contamination.
ConsumerLab's staff has analyzed the results and identified which products we think should be avoided and which are safest with regard to benzene contamination. Sign in as a member to see the findings for more than 200 sunscreens and after-sun products.
Other compounds of concern in sunscreens:
Benzene is not the only compound of concern in sunscreens. Researchers have also found the compound, benzophenone, in popular sunscreens. Like benzene, benzophenone is a carcinogen but does not appear on product labels — although it is likely produced by a listed compound, octocrylene. For more details, and the names of products in which benzophenone has been found, see our article "Which compounds in sunscreen should I be concerned about?"
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Related CL Answers (3)
Which deodorants and antiperspirants are contaminated with benzene and which are not?
Benzene, a carcinogen, has been detected in over 40 spray deodorants, antiperspirants, and body sprays. Tests were conducted on brands including Axe, Bath & Body Works, Brut, Degree, Dove, Gold Bond, Right Guard, Secret, Speed Stick, Suave, Old Spice, Victoria's Secret and others. Find out which products contained benzene, and how much they contained.
Which compounds in sunscreen should I be concerned about? Which sunscreens seem to be safest?
Two different carcinogens, benzene and benzophenone have been found in popular sunscreens. These cancer-causing compounds are not listed on labels. Get the details and find out which sunscreens have been found to contain benzene and benzophenone.
Do any supplements or foods help prevent sunburn or skin damage from sun exposure? Can any increase your risk of sun-related skin damage?
Find out which supplements may help protect from sunburn and sun-related skin damage, including beta-carotene, vitamins A and C, and cocoa.
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It uses database format 28 (current is 29).
Please run 'eix-update' and try again.
Probably your eix cachefile was *not* updated successfully.
(if it has already been deleted, download it using fetch).
If this is not the case (but was freshly downloaded), please report a bug.
after a version bump of eix).
to use eix-remote: This inconvenience cannot be avoided and is not a bug!


text:
European Commercial Internet Exchange (ECIX) ist (nach dem DE-CIX) der zweitgrößte Internet-Knoten in Deutschland.

Unter dem Namen ECIX betreibt die Megaport (Deutschland) GmbH (bis 2020 Peering GmbH) kommerzielle Internet-Knoten in den Städten Amsterdam, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main und Hamburg. Im Juli 2016 wurde bekannt, dass die australische Firma Megaport den bisherigen Betreiber übernommen hat.

Der ECIX hat mehr als 170 Mitglieder, die mit Bandbreiten von 1 Gbit/s bis 100 Gbit/s angeschlossen sind. An den Standorten ist er in mehreren Rechenzentren mit eigener Switchinfrastruktur vertreten. Diese sind über Darkfibre und WDM-Verbindungen von 1 Gbit/s bis 100 Gbit/s untereinander verbunden. Der Datenaustausch ("Peering") zwischen den Providern erfolgt über IPv4 und IPv6.

Technik
Die verteilte Switch-Infrastruktur ermöglicht Internetdienstanbietern kostenfrei Daten auszutauschen. Die Anschaltung der Kunden erfolgt wahlweise über einen oder mehrere 1 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s oder 100 Gbit/s Ethernet-Ports. Der ECIX setzt Extreme Networks, Force10,  Brocade und Cisco Ethernet-Switches ein.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Internetknoten
Wirtschaft (Düsseldorf)
Wirtschaft (Berlin)
Wirtschaft (Hamburg)
Internetunternehmen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


March 12, 2016 0 comments on "When to Plant Roses"
Have you ever wondered if what you know about roses is accurate? Consider the following paragraphs and compare what you know to the latest info on roses.
They have been around for over 3000 years, yet they still hold a particular mystery and fascination, not to mention the fact that they just look and smell good!
One of the most important rules of growing roses is to plant the rose bush in an area that receives around 4 to 6 hours of sunlight every day.
It is preferable not to plant too many trees or other plants around the rose bush because most of these are likely to either mix with the rose or stifle it's growth.
If you are replacing an old rose bush, approximately 1 1/2 cubic feet of old soil should be removed, and fresh soil added to replace it.
When positioning your rose in the garden or landscape, consider the growth habit of the rose.
For example, place climbers and ramblers along fences, trellises, or next to arches or pergolas. This location offers them free range of growth, and optimal potential for the showiest blooms.
Roses also look beautiful in island beds interplanted with perennials. Miniature roses make great edging plants in front of their taller cousins.
Planted singly, shrub roses make excellent specimen plants or they can be clustered to make a flowering hedge. You can also use them to camouflage unsightly garden objects.
There are many beautiful rose bushes to choose from, from old fashioned roses to climbing roses, to miniature roses. There are also many colors to choose from.
Now that we've covered those aspects of roses, let's turn to some of the other factors that need to be considered.
Then the plant should be placed in the hole carefully and the hole refilled with soil, covering the roots properly.
Before making the final covering, water the rose plant and let it absorb the water. After this, water the plant more and mound the soil about 6 inches high.
The dome will keep the stems from drying out until the plant is rooted. Gradually remove the excess soil as the leaves open.
Special care should be taken with the planting depth. It varies according to the climate you live in.
If you live in a colder area, plant a bit deeper and consult with the people growing roses in your area. If you are buying potted roses, you should plant them about 1 inch deeper than their potted level.
The best time to plant roses varies depending on the winter temperature. Where temperatures don't drop below -10 degrees F; either fall or spring planting is satisfactory. If you live in an area where winter temperatures go below -10 degrees F, spring planting is preferred.
Plants should be planted in a dormant condition if purchased bare root, but container grown plants may be planted throughout the growing season.
Spacing of the rose plant is highly influenced by the temperature. In regions where winters are severe, the rose plant does not grow as large as in mild climates.
Taking this into consideration, hybrid tea roses should be spaced 1 1/2 to 3 feet apart. Large vigorous growers, such as hybrid perpetuals need 3 to 5 feet of space, and the climbers need from 8 to 10 feet of space.
If the winter temperature is below 10 degrees F, roses can grow healthy if proper care is taken. The gardener must prepare for that cold, wet reality as he revels in the summer air conditioning.
In zones 7 and colder, the roses enjoy their last fertilization of the season by August 15th to limit the emergence of new rose canes, which will almost certainly not survive the winter.
Now that wasn't hard at all, was it? And you've earned a wealth of knowledge, just from taking some time to study an expert's word on roses.
Article written by Michael Hehn.