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The 7th Day of Christmas Anime: Toradora!
It's no secret that the Christmas season brings out the best and worst in people. I tend to focus on the former since I'm a big believer in the "holiday spirit" for an excuse to put differences and disagreements aside and just be nice to people. Like not getting upset and honking that the car that just cut in front of you, or giving an extra tip amount to your waiter.
Kindness can spread like wild fire as well, but you have to light the first match.
Taiga from Toradora! thinks in a similar way. Normally a fiery and sometimes violent young woman, around Christmas she suddenly transforms into a sweet "angel" that Ryuuji can hardly believe it. In fact, through a span of 3 episodes about Christmas in Toradora!, Taiga stays in her "good self", which Ryuuji discovers may actually be part of her true self (or so we hope).
But why is Taiga good around this time of year? Santa, of course! But it goes a bit deeper than getting presents from a bearded man in a red suit. She sends a Christmas package full of gifts to an orphanage she used to volunteer at (during her all girls Catholic school days) and always addresses it as "from Santa". When Ryuuji inquires why, Taiga simply answers, "I want to tell them that there's someone out there watching over them. Even if you don't have parents or don't believe in God, someone is still watching over you."
It's because she actually believes that despite having to live alone because of her dysfunctional family, someone is still watching over her. Christmas is her reminder of this and she wants to share that with as many people as she can.
You may have heard the term "Christmas miracle" (it's from "It's a Wonderful Life"!), and it's oddly become a fairly staple saying in my immediate family when something "miraculous" happens. XD
After all the build up before the Christmas party in Toradora!, we finally get to experience a few of those Christmas miracles.
Ami and Taiga, from the first time they met each other, have been butting heads and throwing insults at each other. Thus, it was to everyone's surprise that they both dress up and sing a Christmas song together at the party.
In fact, to this day, it's one of my favorite Christmas songs (of all time). You can listen to it here (couldn't find one with subs, though, apologies): Click here for song.
But the miracles do not stop there. After the song, Ryuuji hears that Taiga has returned home. After all her planning to get Ryuuji together with his crush (and her best friend, Minori), she decided that she should be out of the way. Yet, Ryuuji will not stand for this and ends up trading his suit for a Santa bear suit and climbing in Taiga's window to surprise her.
Taiga knows it's Ryuuji, but the surprise of him coming to see her instead of staying at the party really does surprise her and makes it one of best Christmas-es ever.
The set of episodes does end on a fairly sad note (Taiga realizes she loves Ryuuji, and Minori, despite also liking Ryuuji, rejects him because she knows Taiga likes him), but despite that, it still holds hope for the new year following closely afterwards.
Truthfully, this year I have been feeling a bit out of the "Christmas spirit", but after re-watching some of Toradora, I'm glad I still have 5 more days to make up for lost time. I encourage you all to enjoy the holidays and not rush through it. It goes by far too quickly, so savor it while it's here. ^_^
Goldy is an illustrator in training who lives in the depths of the Northwestern desert, where the sagebrush and the rattlesnakes play.She's known for procrastinating in just about everything, except when it comes to drawing and anime.
Latest posts by Goldy (see all)
Holy Week: Kaname Madoka as a Christ Figure - 03.26.2016
12 Days of Christmas Anime, Day 11: Shugo Chara and Hope - 12.24.2014
Untangled: Christianity Forbids Jojo Part 3's Tarot Cards? - 11.13.2014
12.19.2012 12.20.2012 GoldyAnime, Christmas, HolidayChristmas and holiday season, Toradora
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Built with smart features and impressive refinement, our One Owner 2013 Volkswagen Golf TDI 4-Door Hatchback is on display in Candy White. Powered by a TurboCharged 2.0 Liter 4 Cylinder Diesel 4 Cylinder that offers 140hp while tethered to a responsive 6 Speed DSG Automatic transmission with Tiptronic and Sport mode for spirited driving. This Front Wheel Drive scores near 42mpg and has agile suspension, powerful brakes, and a feeling of flat-out fun. The Golf TDI has a black grille, heated folding side mirrors, and daytime running lights.


RENFREWSHIRE'S depute provost John Caldwell yesterday admitted he was no athlete.
But the 66-year-old still put himself through the physical exertions of completing the Paisley 10k Race as he'd promised to raise money for the Renfrewshire Carers Centre.
Depute Provost Caldwell walked the course in two hours and he made history by being the first civic leader ever to take part in the race.
He was part of the Renfrewshire Carers Centre team taking part in the Paisley 10k hoping to raise hundreds of pounds in sponsorship.
"I'll never be Mo Farah, but what is important is taking part and raising money and awareness for a very good cause.
"I might not have won the race but the Carer's Centre is certainly one of the many winners here today as many charities and good causes will be tens of thousands of pounds better off.
More than 1700 people took part in the 10k Race. The men's winner was Callum Hawkins (Kilbarchan AAC), with a time of 29 minutes 24 seconds. Second place in the men's race went to Kamil Sieracki (Shettleston Harriers) with 30.42 and third was Tewolde Mengisteab (Shettleston Harriers) with 30.48.
The ladies winner was Gemma Rankin (Kilbarchan AAC), with a time of 35.36; second was Lesley Chisholm (Garscube Harriers), with 36.34 and third was Jessica Oliver-Bell (Shettleston Harriers) with a time of 36.50.
The shorter 3k Fun Run, which began after the Paisley 10k finished, attracted almost 700 runners.
They came in all shapes and sizes, ages and levels of fitness – some even ran in fancy dress. But they ran to raise much-needed funds for charities and good causes.
" Once again we had a fantastic turnout for the Paisley 10k Race and Fun Run.
"We really have to pay tribute to the runners who participated and the huge amount of money they will have raised for charities and good causes.
"It's not just that they deserve praise turning up on the day to take part in the event, it's the months of preparation and training that goes into running the race.
Joyce added that Renfrewshire Leisure aims to make the Paisley 10k and Fun Run an even bigger event in the next few years.
She said: "We'll be taking it to the next stage as a major community event for Paisley's bid to be named City of Culture 2021. Sport in general and Renfrewshire Leisure in particular has a part to play in winning this accolade for the town.


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Bank Stocks Drag Dow Jones Industrial Average Lower
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (INDEXDJX:DJI) is backpedaling from all-time highs
Andrea Kramer
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (INDEXDJX:DJI) dropped nearly 80 points out of the gate today, backing down from all-time peaks. Although the Dow has trimmed its deficit to 12 points, or 0.1%, the index remains in danger of snapping its five-session streak of hitting record highs. Dragging the blue chips lower are JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE:JPM) and Goldman Sachs Group Inc (NYSE:GS), down 1.4% and 1%, respectively, as big-cap financial concerns reel in the face of forex fines. In addition, speculators were spooked by less-than-stellar data out of Europe and a "sooner rather than later" rate-hike campaign from Philadelphia Fed President Charles Plosser, which have trumped a bigger-than-expected uptick in September wholesale inventories.
Continue reading for more on today's market, including:
M&A news for Yahoo! Inc. (NASDAQ:YHOO), which is touching new highs despite behind-the-scenes drama.
Meanwhile, YHOO affiliate Alibaba Group Holding Ltd (NYSE:BABA) is reveling in more bullish analyst attention amid buzz of an eBay Inc (NASDAQ:EBAY) partnership.
Plus ... Checking in on the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY), and other noteworthy stats at midday.
Among the stocks with notable call volume is Staples, Inc. (NASDAQ:SPLS), as traders bet bullishly ahead of earnings next Wednesday, Nov. 19. Intraday call volume is running at 10 times the norm, with most of the action consisting of buy-to-open activity at the November 14 call. Specifically, one trader bought to open a block of 12,000 calls for $0.17 apiece, which will be profitable if SPLS topples $14.17 (strike plus premium paid) by the close on Friday, Nov. 21, when front-month options expire. SPLS was last seen 0.1% higher at $13.05, with help from a price-target boost to $12 at Jefferies.
For more midday statistics and stocks on the move, head to page 2.
SeaWorld Entertainment Inc (NYSE:SEAS) is the biggest loser on the Big Board today. The stock is swimming in red ink after the firm said lackluster attendance translated into weaker-than-expected third-quarter earnings. At last check, the shares have surrendered 11.1% to linger near $16.54, after earlier touching a new all-time low of $16.50.
Meanwhile, one of the top advancers on the New York Stock Exchange is Matson Inc (NYSE:MATX), which has surged more than 20% to flirt with record highs at $35.10. Bolstering the equity was news that Matson is buying the Alaska operations of rival Horizon Lines for $69 million.
The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) has spent the session in the black, up 0.1 point, or 1.1%, at 13.06. The "fear gauge" is now on pace to end north of 13 for the first session in three.
Today's put/call volume ratio on the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY) is 1.71, with puts handily outpacing calls. Like the Dow and S&P 500 Index (SPX), SPY is on track to snap its five-session string of all-time highs, down 0.1% at $203.96.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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#GhostAdventures Streaming Now at Discovery+
Ghost Adventures: Serial Killer Spirits
From a house linked to Ted Bundy to the prison that held John Gacy, Zak and the crew visit locations across the United States teeming with dark energies of serial killers. Don't miss the premiere of Ghost Adventures: Serial Killer Spirits on Saturday, Oct. 5 at 9|8c.
Show: Ghost Adventures
Haunted Holidays and Celebrations
Serial Killer Spirits
Does evil linger? The crew locks down locations with ties to America's most notorious serial killers with that very question in mind.
Join Zak, Aaron, Billy and Jay as they investigate four infamous serial killers: H.H. Holmes, Ted Bundy, Jake Bird and John Wayne Gacy.
Serial Killer: H.H. Holmes
This small Irvington, Indiana, home was once rented by H.H. Holmes, one of the most prolific and horrific serial killers in American history.
Investigating Holmes
It's believed Holmes murdered as many as 200 people, but he only confessed to 27. Holmes murdered his youngest victim, Howard Pitezel, inside this house.
This is where Holmes attempted to burn the remains of the young boy after his murder. Remains of that boy are likely still buried on this land, which may explain why this house is haunted.
Samantha, the current owner, believes dark and sinister forces have overtaken the property, leaving her vulnerable to possession.
"Born with the Devil in Me"
Holmes once wrote: "I was born with the devil in me. I could not help the fact that I was a murderer, no more than a poet can help the inspiration to sing ... I was born with the Evil One standing as my sponsor beside the bed where I was ushered into the world, and he has been with me since."
Serial Killer: John Wayne Gacy
This massive prison in Joliet, Illinois, once housed one of the most notorious serial killers in history: John Wayne Gacy. Gacy confessed to killing 33 young men; he buried 26 of them underneath the crawlspace of his house. Once Gacy was caught and sentenced to death, he was first brought to the Old Joliet Prison to get processed into the Illinois State Prison system and on to death row. It was here in March of 1980 that Gacy would have known his end was near.
The Old Joliet Prison
Those who passed through the gates of the Old Joliet Prison rarely came out. Joliet was built by convict labor using limestone quarried from the site. The first 33 inmates arrived from Alton, Illinois, in May of 1858 to begin the construction, which was completed in 1860. During the Civil War, Joliet held state prisoners as well as Confederate prisoners of war. The prison has been shut down since 2002, but that doesn't mean it's empty. There are still dark forces here attacking some visitors.
Years of Decay
The once self-sustaining compound consists of 24 buildings, including guard towers, cell blocks, administration buildings, light industrial facilities, a hospital, laundry, cafeteria, chapel and gymnasium. After years of neglect and vandalism, many of the structures are severely deteriorated.
Meet Dr. Morrison
Dr. Helen Morrison was Gacy's psychiatrist during his years in prison from 1979 until his execution in 1994. She has Gacy's brain in her basement, plus slices of the brain she's willing to show us. She said scans of the dead brain tissue appear perfectly normal. No tumors, no abnormal growths or no signs of trauma or injury. But she says brain structure rarely defines a person's behavior.
Confronting the Darkness
There's a stain here that will never be washed away. We're going to confront those dark forces and attempt to contact the evil spirit of John Wayne Gacy.
Serial Killer: Jake Bird
When it comes to serial killers, Jake Bird may not be a name you've heard of, but you should have. This man may have been responsible for up to 44 deaths. This jail is haunted, it's creepy and during this investigation, the crew tries to contact the spirit of a serial killer.
Bird's Weapon of Choice
In November of 1928, Jake Bird entered the home of Mr. and Mrs. Harold Stribling and hacked them both with an axe before robbing them. Fortunately, the couple survived the attack, and Bird was caught and charged with assault and attempted murder. He would be sentenced to 30 years for the crime and spent some of that time at Squirrel Cage Jail.
History of the Jail
The history of the Squirrel Cage Jail lines the walls inside this massive complex in Council Bluffs, Iowa. There are four known deaths here: One prisoner died of a heart attack, one in a three-story fall when trying to carve his name on the ceiling and one prisoner hanged himself in his cell.
Prisoners' Markings
Carvings created by former prisoners will send chills down your spine; it's as if you can feel their pain and torment through these markings.
Unforgettable Lockdown
The guys prepare themselves for one of the most intense prison investigations they've ever had.
Serial Killer: Ted Bundy
This abandoned house is an eyesore in an otherwise pleasant neighborhood. It's one of the oldest homes in Bountiful, Utah, and it's definitely the most haunted.
Connection to Bundy
On Nov. 8, 1974, Ted Bundy lured local girl Debra Kent from a high school parking lot just 500 feet away from this house and took her away. Though we'll never know exactly what Bundy did with Kent, or where he did it, we know he ultimately dumped her body 100 miles south of here on a hillside in Fairview, Utah. A dark force is inside here, and it's attacking those with access to the building.
Satanic Rituals
Inside this house, the residents have found pentagrams painted on the floor, the number 666 drawn on the wall and we believe there are other clues that tell us Satanic rituals were conducted here as far back as the 1970s. Could that evil have drawn in the evil that is Bundy?
Use Extreme Caution
From connections to Bundy to Satanic rituals taking place inside, the guys will have to use extreme caution during this intense lockdown.
Lucky to be Alive
In this final episode of the Serial Killer Spirits miniseries, Zak interviews a woman named Sue who was able to escape an abduction attempt by Bundy. She said she feels lucky to be alive.
All-New Miniseries
Don't miss Ghost Adventures: Serial Killer Spirits every Saturday at 9|8c.
Photo By: Gwinnett Tech
Photo By: www.mikeybaratta.com
Ghost Adventures Gear Guide 20 Photos
Post Malone Joins Ghost Adventures for a Special Lockdown
23 Creepy Hotels Visited by the Ghost Adventures Crew 36 Photos
Ghost Adventures: Old Gila County Jail and Courthouse 10 Photos


Skincare Via Skype | Is This The Future Of Beauty?
Nothing will replace visiting a skin clinic in real life, however sometimes hectic schedules, crappy public transport networks, long lunches that run a little too long, and a lack of desire to get out of your pyjamas can get the better of you. Don't fret, beauty-loving Listers! If making a date with your dermatologist has been on your to-do list for the past six months and still doesn't look like it's going to get locked in anytime soon, we may just have the solution for you: Skincare via Skype with The Cosmeceutical Curator.
The Cosmeceutical (we'll explain what that word means in a minute) Curator is the brainchild of James Vivian, a qualified dermal clinician and the Travelling Peelsman, who realised that, for many busy ladies and gents, refreshing their skincare routine was a priority that often got pushed aside due to busy lifestyles. And so, The Cosmeceutical Curator was born – an online service that allows James to provide skincare consultations via Skype, complete with a variety of products that can be dispatched to clients' doorsteps at the touch of a button.
Suffice to say, over at The Urban List, we thought it was a brill idea - so it was high time we gave it a try!
The 30-minute consultation itself is similar to an in-clinic appointment, bar the up-close-and-personal ability to examine the detailed surface of the skin (slash, judge you for your poor choices). Instead, the appointment takes place via a Skype video call, which allows James to evaluate your current skincare regime, address your personal concerns (T-zone congestion, always…), and share tips and insights into how to get the most out of your skin.
We found James super knowledgeable - and more importantly, approachable when it comes to even the most embarrassing skin problems. His familiarity with a broad spectrum of brands is top-notch too, meaning he can advise on what will work with current favourites (we would never give up our Aesop eye cream!), as well as recommending what could be a skin-saving product swap.
Once James has talked you through how to use your products effectively, including visual demonstrations of techniques, the Cosmeceutical Curator team will ship you your brand new beauty regime along with a hand written skincare prescription via super-quick courier service. That's 48 hours from consultation to delivery - which is significantly longer than it takes me to actually make an appointmen... never mind miss it, rebook it, and actually show up on time.
Whether it's a phone call or a Skype video call, you will receive one follow-up to make sure that you know what everything is, what it does, and how it's used, and a second one-two weeks later to ensure that everything you are using is effective and, ultimately, right for you and your skin. You don't get that from your regular facialist!
So, skincare via Skype: Is this the future? Will we be ditching our treatments for questionable Youtube tutorials, and saving on salon fees in favour of Snapchat sessions? Not exactly, but when it comes to daily skincare advice and nailing a routine that will help you maximise your God-given beauty assets, The Cosmeceutical Curator is certainly paving the way for a new kind of consultation.
And if you're as busy as we are, Listers, his services are a total skincare blessing.
Check out The Cosmeceutical Curator online. Want more beauty in your life? Here are the top beauty products for 2016!


This article is part of the Thematic Series "Nucleic acid chemistry" and is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Richard Wagner, University of Osnabrück, Germany.
A series of six cyanine-5-labeled oligonucleotides (LONs 10–15), each terminally lipophilized with different nucleolipid head groups, were synthesized using the recently prepared phosphoramidites 4b–9b. The insertion of the LONs within an artificial lipid bilayer, composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), was studied by single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy with the help of an optically transparent microfluidic sample carrier with perfusion capabilities. The incorporation of the lipo-oligonucleotides into the bilayer was studied with respect to efficiency (maximal bilayer brightness) as well as stability against perfusion (final stable bilayer brightness). Attempts to correlate these parameters with the log P values of the corresponding nucleolipid head groups failed, a result which clearly demonstrates that not only the lipophilicity but mainly the chemical structure and topology of the head group is of decisive importance for the optimal interaction of a lipo-oligonucleotide with an artificial lipid bilayer. Moreover, fluorescence half-live and diffusion time values were measured to determine the diffusion coefficients of the lipo-oligonucleotides.
For proper cell function, the biosynthetic lipophilization of proteins and carbohydrates, such as palmitoylation and farnesylation, is of decisive importance . The same seems to be true for bacterial tRNAs , which was postulated recently and substantiated by the finding of geranylated tRNAs. Therefore a continuously growing interest in so-called lipo-oligonucleotides (LONs) [3-6] can be observed. In a preceding manuscript  we described the base-specific DNA duplex formation at a lipid bilayer–water phase boundary using SYBR Green I staining. For this purpose, various nucleic acids of different length and sequence were lipophilized by appending a terminal non-nucleosidic lipid head group and then bound on the surface of an artificial lipid bilayer. Subsequently, equimolar amounts of complementary and non-complementary DNA strands as well as a SYBR Green I solution were added to the bilayer-bound lipo-oligonucleotide. The kinetics of the ternary complex formation at the bilayer surface as well as the stability of the complexes against perfusion was measured by determination of the bilayer brightness using fluorescence microscopy .
In the following, we describe the insertion of six unique single-stranded DNA dodecamers carrying different nucleolipid head groups as well as cyanine-5 (Cy5) at the 5'-(n−1) position in artificial lipid bilayers. In this case we varied the amphiphilic head group but preserved the oligonucleotide DNA sequence. This sequence [5'-d(NL-(Cy5) TAG GTC AAT ACT); NL = nucleolipid] was chosen because it forms neither a hairpin structure nor a self-complementary duplex . Particularly, for a successful delivery of siRNAs [10-12] their lipophilization and studies on the interactions of lipophilized nucleic acids with lipid bilayers is of growing importance. As lipophilic head groups we used a series of nucleolipid cyanoethyl phosphoramidites that were recently synthesized [13-17].
Figure 1 indicates the positions of the pyrimidine β-D-ribonucleosides uridine (1, R = H), 5-methyluridine (2, R = CH3) and 5-fluorouridine (3, R = F) which were lipophilized by different hydrophobic residues.
Figure 1: General structure of the fluorophore-labeled lipo-oligonucleotides and positions of lipophilization of the pyrimidine β-D-ribonucleoside head groups 1–3 .
The following formulae (Figure 2) show the six nucleolipids 4a–9a [13-17], which designate that mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes as well as single and double-chained alkyl groups (completed by an alicyclic alkyl group), have been introduced for the lipophilization of the pyrimidine nucleosides. The resulting nucleolipids were converted into their corresponding 2-cyanoethyl phosphoramidites 4b–9b.
Figure 2: Chemical formulae 1–9 and lipo-oligonucleotide sequences 10–15.
Figure 3 shows the energy-minimized 3D structures of the lipophilic nucleoside headgroups 4a–9a.
Figure 3: Energy-minimized 3D structures of the lipophilic nucleoside headgroups 4a–9a. All 3D structures were calculated using the program ChemBio3D Ultra v. 12.0 (number of iterations, 387 ± 147, standard deviation of the mean).
The reactive building blocks 4b–9b were subsequently used to synthesize the following lipo-oligonucleotides (LONs), which have an identical nucleotide sequence in common as well as a cyanine-5 (Cy5) fluorophore at the (n−1) position. The integrity of all oligonucleotides was proven by MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry (see Experimental).
The different lipo-oligonucleotides (LON 10–15) were incorporated into stable artificial lipid bilayers, which create two compartments (cis/trans channel) of an optically transparent microfluidic sample carrier with perfusion capabilities, as shown in Figure 4. Both the cis and the trans channel were filled with saline buffered solution. The injection of the different oligonucleotides into the cis channel followed by cycles of incubation and perfusion leads to the binding of the corresponding oligomer on the membrane, as detected by microscopy and single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. The kinetics of the binding of the different bilayer-bound oligonucleotides were studied as well as their stability against perfusion.
Figure 4 illustrates the three main equilibria: the lipid bilayer–H2O boundary, the air–H2O interface boundary, and at the Teflon surface, which exist on the cis side of the bilayer chamber. This was proven experimentally as shown later in Figure 9.
Figure 4: Schematic display of the three main equilibria existing on the cis side of the bilayer chamber.
The technique and some of the results are visualized in a video which can be downloaded free from the repository (RepOSitorium) of the library of the University of Osnabrück, Germany .
Figure 5 displays the bilayer brightness (both normalized to 100% as maximum as well as in kHz) as a function of the various events (perfusion and incubation time) for the lipo-oligomer 10.
Figure 5: Bilayer brightness vs event graph of 5'-d(4a-Cy5-TAG GTC AAT ACT) (10).
As can be seen, the incorporation of the lipo-oligomer 10 carrying an O-2',3'-undecylidene-modified uridine head group into the artificial lipid bilayer occurs spontaneously after 25 min, corresponding to the maximum brightness. However, even after a single perfusion, the brightness is reduced to about 15%, and after further incubation, it is again enhanced to 30% brightness. Subsequent perfusion and incubation periods over the course of roughly 1 h resulted in a constant brightness of 5–10%.
In contrast to this, an O-2',3'-pentatriacontanylidene-modified uridine head group shows a different behavior (Figure 6): the corresponding lipo-oligonucleotide 11 is bound directly after addition into the cis compartment of the sample carrier within the lipid bilayer (5 min). Once bound it exhibits a significantly higher resistance against perfusion of the cis chamber, and after approximately 100 min (8 perfusions), a constant bilayer brightness (40%, 1 × 104 kHz) is reached. This demonstrates the significant influence of the O-2',3'-alkylidene chain length of the nucleolipid head group on the stability of the lipo-oligonucleotide within the lipid bilayer against perfusion.
Figure 6: Bilayer brightness vs event graph of 5'-d(5a-Cy5-TAG GTC AAT ACT) (11).
Figure 7 presents the bilayer brightness as a function of the perfusion/incubation events for the oligomer 12. This oligomer is 5'-terminated with a nucleolipid head group which carries a double-chained lipid with a clickable group at N(3) of thymidine (6a). Among all nucleolipid head groups, this is the only one which can be incorporated once or more at each position of a growing oligonucleotide chain. As was found for the oligomer 10 (Figure 5), a maximum brightness was not immediately reached, but rather after a long incubation time (42 min). However, in contrast to the aforementioned experiment, the oligomer 12 is highly resistant against perfusions. After 3 perfusions, interrupted by incubation periods of 10 min each, a constant normalized bilayer brightness of about 60–65% is reached, which stays constant for more than 1 h and 6 perfusions.
Figure 7: Bilayer brightness vs event graph of 5'-d(6a-Cy5-TAG GTC AAT ACT) (12).
Figure 8 displays the adsorption and desorption results for the lipo-oligonucleotide 13 carrying an O-2',3'-nonadecylidene-lipophilized 5-fluorouridine at the 5'-terminus. This oligomer shows a somewhat unusual behavior upon binding on the lipid bilayer. After 70 min the bilayer brightness reaches a first maximum at about 45%, which stays constant for about 10 min, even during 2 perfusions. Subsequently, however, between t = 81 min and t = 99 min, the bilayer brightness significantly increases from 40 to 100% (third to fifth perfusion). Further perfusions (up to the 22nd) and incubation periods (until t = 208 min) lead to an exponential decrease of the brightness value to almost zero. In order to study this further, the level of the buffer phase in the cis compartment was lowered until it could be visualized within the focus of the fluorescence microscope (Figure 9).
Figure 8: Bilayer brightness vs event graph of 5'-d(7a-Cy5-TAG GTC AAT ACT) (13).
Figure 9: Infiltration of lipo-oligonucleotide (13) aggregates from the buffer into the lipid bilayer. Z-direction scan A) of a pure lipid bilayer without fluorescence, B) after the fourth perfusion/incubation step with high bilayer fluorescence and an accumulation of fluorescent aggregates/micelles above the bilayer. C) Z-direction scan of the bilayer after the ninth perfusion/incubation step, resulting in decreased bilayer brightness and an increased amount of micelles. D) After the 13th perfusion/incubation step, the bilayer sags into the trans compartment. After the 14th perfusion the bilayer returns to the starting position. E) After the 22nd perfusion/incubation step, the air–buffer boundary of the cis compartment was lowered over the bilayer. F) Z-direction scan after raising the buffer out of the focus. Brightness of the air–buffer boundary and of the lipid bilayer, each determined within the region of interest. G) The brightness of the liquid–air boundary is approximately 100,000 kHz. H) The brightness of the area between the two boundaries is approximately 28,000 kHz, and the brightness of the bilayer is approximately 50,000 kHz. I) The ratio of the brightness values of the liquid–air boundary and that of the bilayer is 2.
From the z-direction scan shown in Figure 9E (for which the air–buffer boundary was lowered until it could be observed within the focus), it can be recognized that the lipo-oligonucleotide is concentrated at various phase boundaries: (1) at the lipid bilayer–H2O boundary, (2) at the air–H2O phase boundary, as well as (3) at the Teflon surface. Therefore, the further enhancement of the bilayer brightness (as in Figure 4 at t = 81 min) might be due to a redelivery of the lipo-oligonucleotide from (2) or (3).
Transport of the oligomer through the aqueous phase most likely occurs in the form of micelles. For example, the infiltration of such micelles was demonstrated after the 9th perfusion step (Figure 4). Moreover, from Figure 9E it can be seen that the bilayer is significantly arched upwards towards the trans chamber so that it is out of focus. This indicates the development of a Donnan pressure caused by the existence of significantly different osmotic pressures within the cis and the trans compartment, which is due to the fact that the polyanionic nucleic acid is unable to cross the artificial bilayer.
Figure 10 shows the bilayer brightness vs the various events for the lipo-oligonucleotide 14. This oligomer carries a phytyl residue at the N(3) atom of 5-fluorouridine (8a). Nature uses this diterpenoid group for a membrane binding of chlorophyll, tocopherol and other biomolecules.
Figure 10: Bilayer brightness vs event graph of 5'-d(8a-Cy5-TAG GTC AAT ACT) (14).
The lipo-oligonucleotide is characterized by being very quickly bound at the lipid bilayer. After 15 min the maximum brightness is reached followed by an exponential decrease over the course of six perfusion/incubation periods. A stable bilayer brightness is reached after approximately 1 h after, which remains constant for at least another 90 min.
The incorporation kinetics and stability of the lipo-oligonucleotide 15 are shown in Figure 11. As the nucleolipid head group, it contains 5-fluorouridine carrying an alicyclic O-2',3'-cyclopentadecanylidene ring. As can be seen, the binding within or (more likely) at the lipid bilayer occurs relatively slowly within 55–60 min until the maximum brightness of the bilayer is reached. A single perfusion reduces the brightness to 55%. Further perfusion, followed by incubation periods of 5 min, leads to an almost complete removal of the lipo-oligonucleotide (t ≤ 80 min). We therefore assume that the lipophilic moiety of the head group is too bulky (Figure 3F) to be fully inserted into the bilayer and that the lipo-oligonucleotide is only loosely adsorbed at the bilayer surface.
Figure 11: Bilayer brightness vs event graph of 5'-d(9a-Cy5-TAG GTC AAT ACT) (15).
From these results, it can be stated that the insertion rate of a lipo-oligonucleotide into an artificial lipid bilayer as well as its stability within the bilayer does not exclusively depend on the lipophilicity of the head group but also (i) results from the three-dimensional structure of the latter, (ii) from the length of the lipophilic moiety and (iii) from the position of the lipid residue at the nucleoside.
For the LONs 10 and 11 we observed that the elongation of the C-atom chain length from 5 to 17 does not necessarily lead to an enhancement of the amount of the LON incorporated into the bilayer. LON 10 is on one hand side incorporated very fast and in a high amount, and on the other hand, 85–90% is released from the bilayer very easily by just a single perfusion (Figure 12A,B). In contrast, LON 11, which differs from LON 10 only in the C-atom chain length of the lipid moiety, is incorporated only at a relatively low amount but stays bound to a significantly greater extent (40–50%), even after 10 perfusions (Figure 6).
Figure 12: Summarizing the bilayer brightness for LONs 10–15 depending on the incubation time up to the maximum brightness (A), as well as on the number of perfusions (B) with details shown in (C).
Other lipophilic head groups such as LONs 13–15 lead to a fast and efficient incorporation into the bilayer (Figure 12A). Here, we observed LON 14 carrying a single-stranded phytyl residue at N(3) of 5-fluorouridine plus a short O-2',3'-ketal group. This was also observed for LON 13 with an O-2',3'-nonadecylidene ketal group which had a very strong binding within the bilayer, much stronger than that observed for LON 15 with a cyclic O-2',3'-ketal, which was washed out completely from the bilayer after only three perfusion steps (Figure 11).
LON 12 represents an oligomer with a long double-tailed lipid moiety at the N(3) position of thymidine. Interestingly, this LON is incorporated into the bilayer at a relatively low rate but proved highly stable against perfusion.
Additionally, the diffusion times of LON 10 at positions 1, 2, and 3 (Figure 13A–C, Table 1) were measured in order to characterize its binding at and within the bilayer. Right above the bilayer (position 2), the diffusion of the oligomer is significantly reduced as compared to that in free solution (position 1).
Figure 13: Diffusion time measurements of LON 10 (5 µL, 50 nM). A) Z-direction scan directly after the addition of the oligomer probe into the cis compartment of the bilayer chip. B) Z-direction scan after 7 perfusion/incubation cycles upon which unbound oligomer was completely washed out. This allows a diffusion time measurement of bilayer-bound LON 10. C) Normalized and fitted correlation curves of the measured diffusion times at positions 1, 2 and 3.
Table 1: Diffusion times, τD (ms), of LON 10 in the presence of a lipid bilayer. Position: 1 - buffer; 2 - solution in close proximity to the bilayer; 3 - bilayer-bound.
From the fitted and normalized fluorescence correlation curves (Figure 13C), the corresponding diffusion times could be deduced as summarized in Table 1. The decreasing mobility of the oligomer from position 1 < position 2 < position 3 clearly indicates a loose adsorption at the bilayer (position 2) followed by incorporation within the bilayer (position 3).
Obviously, at position 2 (which is only ≈5–10 µm away from the bilayer), an attractive interaction exists between a LON and the lipids of the bilayer, which leads to a decrease in diffusion time. However, it is not clear if the diffusion slows down gradually. For this, it would be necessary to measure the diffusion at various positions above or below the bilayer. This is, however, difficult because of the floating of the bilayer.
Next, we tried to correlate various parameters taken from the "brightness vs event" graphs such as the absolute maximum bilayer brightness values (in MHz) as well as the final stable brightness data (in MHz and %) with the log P values of the corresponding nucleolipid headgroup using Tetko's ALOGPS method (v. 3.01) for the calculation (Table 2). As can be seen in Table 2, no obvious correlation could be deduced. This means that the lipophilicity of the nucleolipid head group is of minor importance for the effectiveness of lipo-oligonucleotide binding within the artificial lipid bilayer with respect to (i) the maximal bilayer brightness, (ii) the binding rate to reach this maximum brightness, (iii) the stability of the LON within the bilayer (expressed in number of perfusions to reach a stable brightness, and (iv) the final constant bilayer brightness. The log P values can only be correlated with the number of C-atoms of the lipid moieties, which are probably responsible for the binding to the bilayer. Of decisive importance for an effective insertion of a LON is obviously the chemical structure and topology of the corresponding nucleolipid head group. An acceptable compromise seems to be the phytol-labeled 5-fluorouridine head group, which has a mean log P value (6.43 ± 0.74) of the nucleolipid. The corresponding LON 14 reaches a high maximum bilayer brightness (316.9 MHz) within 15 min and proves also to be relatively stable within the bilayer (final brightness, 88.5 MHz). The log P values of the nucleotides uridine, 2-deoxythymidine and 5-fluorouridine are as follows: −1.90, −0.96 and −1.30 (±0.38 with a confidence interval of 66%). Thus they prove significantly smaller than the value of the corresponding lipo-oligonucleotides. The log P data gives insight into the augmentation of the lipophilicity of the nucleosides 4a–9a.
Table 2: Experimental results of the incorporation of the LONs into artificial lipid bilayers with respect to the log P values of the nucleolipid head groups.
alog P values were calculated at the http://eadmet.com/de/physprop.php site with ePhysChem that uses ALOGPS v. 3.01 for log P prediction. b±0.74 with a confidence interval of 66%. cThe brightness of the empty bilayer amounts to 425 ± 300 kHz (N = 6). dReached after 5 perfusions. eFirst plateau, reached after 1 perfusion. fConstant final brightness, reached after 16 perfusions.
For the calculation of the hydrodynamic properties of LONs 10–15, first the 3D structure of the single-stranded oligomer sequence 5'-d(TAG GTC AAT ACT)-3' was calculated using the HyperChem software (Hypercube, ON, Canada) and then 5'-linked to the structures of the lipophilic head groups. The resulting 3D structures of the LONs were subsequently energy-minimized by applying the MMFF94 force field by using the freely available software package, Avogadro v 1.1.1  (Figure 14).
Figure 14: Hydrodynamic models of lipophilic oligonucleotides 10–15. Views are perpendicular (right) or parallel (left) to the helix axis.
For the subsequent calculations of the viscous drag and the diffusion coefficient, D, LONs 10–15 were adapted to the form of a stretched rotation ellipsoid, moving at random (Figure 15). For this purpose, from the 3D structures (Figure 14) of the LONs, the half axes a and b were deduced. The half axis a amounts to half of the sum a1 – a3 (Figure 15, Equation 2). The half axis b is half of the diameter of the DNA single strand of the LON and is approximated using Pythagoras' theorem. For this assessment, the distances between the phosphate groups P1 and P5, P5 and P9 as well as between P9 and P1 were taken from the 3D structures from the 12-mer DNA sequence using the Avogadro or the RasMol software. Half of the diameter corresponds to the half axis, b.
Figure 15: Scheme of a stretched rotation ellipsoid with the semi-major axes a and b.
Because nucleic acids bind water molecules and are, therefore, covered by a hydration shell, 2.8 Å is added to the radius b which is the diameter of a water molecule. The mean value of the semi-minor axis, b, of a hydrated nucleic acid single strand is 12.03 ± 0.15 Å.
where kBT is the thermal energy, f is the frictional coefficient of an ellipsoid, moving at random and η (Equation 1) is the solvent viscosity.
Figure 16: Schematic structure of a Cy5-labeled lipo-oligonucleotide.
Table 3 summarizes the results of the theoretically calculated hydrodynamic properties of the lipo-oligonucleotides 10–15. The mean diffusion coefficient was found to be 1.2·10−6 ± 0.08 cm2 s−1.
Table 3: Hydrodynamic properties of the lipo-oligonucleotides 10–15.
aNumber of C-atoms of the lipid moieties. bFrom an approximation of an ellipsoid, moving at random . cbhyd, semi-major axis of hydrated ssDNA. dCalculated viscous drag coefficient of an ellipsoid, moving at random . eCalculated diffusion coefficient.
We do not exclude the formation of LON aggregates, but under our experimental conditions with respect to concentration and temperature, we do not observe a strong aggregation tendency – a finding corroborated by the agreement between the calculated and measured hydrodynamic properties. Any aggregates are obviously not bound within the lipid bilayer, but only in free solution. They act to resupply LONs for the incorporation of LON monomers into the lipid bilayer (Figure 9) by disintegration.
Assuming a diffusion coefficient of D = 4.3 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 for MR121 [21,22] and a measured diffusion time of 60 ± 2.05 µs, we calculated the diffusion coefficients for the LONs to be 1.61 ± 0.06 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 (Table 4). This means that the ratio between the experimental and the calculated diffusion coefficients (Table 5, last column) is 1.45 ± 0.09 on average. Our data are comparable with those reported by Fernandes et al. in 2002 , which was also determined for DNA 12mers (1.22 and 1.45 × 10−6 cm2 s−1).
Table 4: Experimental hydrodynamic data from FCS measurements.
aNumber of C-atoms of the lipid moieties. bMeasured diffusion time [ms]. cχ2: indicates the quality of the dataset. dDiffusion coefficient calculated from measured diffusion time, τD. eRatio of the experimentally determined diffusion coefficients and the calculated data.
where M is the molecular weight of the lipo-oligonucleotide, NA is Avogadro's number, and is the partial specific volume.
where b is the shorter semi-major axis. For the calculations, the parameters a and banh and bhyd (Table 3), respectively, were used.
Our calculations demonstrate slight differences between the degree of hydration values depending on the different methods of volume calculation: (i) calculation using a or (ii) using a1/2 (Figure 16). Assuming an increase in the hydrated shell with an increase in the total LONs, the hydration values amount to 0.8–1.2 g of H2O per gram of LON. Assuming, however, only hydration of the nucleic acid moiety, the hydration values amount to 0.5 g of H2O per g of molecules.
From IR measurements it could be concluded that 20 water molecules hydrate one nucleotide residue within a nucleic acid [24,25]. This results in a hydration of 1 g of H2O per gram. However, Bloomfield et al. in 2000  as well as Fernandes et al. in 2002  reported hydration degrees of 0.35  or 0.3 g of water per gram of nucleotide (Table 5).
Table 5: Vhyd, Vanh and partial specific volume as well as the degree of hydration (δ) for LONs 10–15.
Next, the fluorescence lifetime values of the LONs 10–15 were measured and are listed in Figure 17A–C as well as in Table 6.
Figure 17: Fluorescence lifetime τF values of the LONs 10–15. A) Logarithmic imaging of fluorescence intensity–time decay of LONs 10–15 and the corresponding fitting curves (–). B) The residuals show some minor systematic errors (the color legend is the same as in A and C). C) Normalized logarithmic fluorescence intensity of the fitting curves.
Table 6: Fluorescence lifetime values of LONs 10–15.
The fluorescence lifetime of the free Cy5 dye is reported to be 0.91 ns , 1.0 ns [28,29], and 1.0–1.4 ns . In the literature, fluorescence lifetimes of free Cy5 dye attached to ssDNA as well as to dsDNA, respectively, also exist. The fluorescence lifetime, τF, of two 5'-Cy5-ssDNA conjugates were measured as 1.8 ± 0.1 ns  for a 36mer and a 23mer . For a Cy5-labeled 25mer, a value of 1.26 ns  was reported.
For the LONs 10–15 described here, longer lifetime values between 1.7 and 2.3 ns were measured. These data are in accordance with corresponding data of Cy5–ssDNA, and also with those of Cy5–dsDNA.
The studies described in this manuscript complement the research of various scientific groups whose work is focused on the formation of complex nanoarchitectures [33,34], the interaction of such nanostructures with lipid membranes [35-38], as well as the optimization of the in vivo delivery of lipophilic siRNA [10-12] (e.g., by DNA trafficking ).
Further studies from our group will include the binding of terminally lipophilized oligonucleotides at water–air or water–decane boundaries  as well as the transdermal application of such LONs through the human Stratum corneum by iontophoresis techniques as well as the transport across the blood–brain barrier .
Materials. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, Al), n-decane from Alfa Aesar (D-Karlsruhe), potassium chloride (KCl), 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS) and 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (TRIS) were purchased from Roth (D-Karlsruhe). All lipo-oligonucleotides 10–15 (Figure 2) were synthesized, purified and characterized by MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry by Eurogentec SA (B-Liege). In each case, the detected mass confirmed the corresponding calculated mass. MALDI–TOF–MS (m/z): 4636.8 (10, [M + H]+; calcd 4637.8); 4976.3 (11, [M + H]+; calcd 4974.4); 5043.4 (12, [M + H]+; calcd 5054.4); 4755.0 (13, [M + H]+; calcd 4767.8); 4866.5 (14, [M + H]+; calcd 4875.9); 4696.9 (15, [M + H]+; calcd 4707.6).
Similar to that described in [9,18], we have chosen the particular sequence 5'-d(TAG GTC AAT ACT)-3', because it does not form hair pins or self-complementary duplexes. The lipophilized strand and the complementary oligomer contain the same number of canonical nucleotides, so that a mixture of the 1 A260 units, from both strands, gives an equimolar mixture. For nearly all base pairs, amongst all nearest neighbor combinations exist. Both strands have the same composition; the unmodified duplex exhibits a melting point of 46 °C in a phosphate buffered solution.
Methods. The technique of horizontal lipid bilayer fabrication and incorporation of lipo-oligonucleotides is described therein. Analogous to the description in [7,8,41], in the following, the automated bilayer fabrication is described. Horizontal bilayers were automatically fabricated using a lipid mixture of POPE/POPC 8:2 (w/w), 10 mg/mL of n-decane within the "bilayer slides" [7,8,41] and observed with an add-on for the inverted confocal microscope (bilayer slides and Ionovation Explorer, Ionovation GmbH, D-Osnabrück). A bent Hamilton syringe (CH-Bonaduz) was used to fill the bilayer slide with 250 mM KCl, 10 mM MOPS/Tris, pH 7 buffer and 0.2 µL of the lipid mixture. The automated bilayer production was started and monitored optically and electrochemically. For the electrochemical measurements, Ag/AgCl electrodes embedded in agarose were used to connect the cis and the trans compartments. As described in previous works [7,8,15,18,41], the measurement protocol is as follows: When a bilayer has been established (C > 50 pF ± 20), a solution of the cyanine-labeled lipophilized oligonucleotide (5 µL, 50 nM, solubilized in water) was injected over the bilayer. The probe was incubated until a stable brightness was reached. During the incubation time, the bilayer integrity was monitored by continuous capacitance measurements. In all graphs, the brightness was given either in kHz or it was normalized (0–100%). The z-direction scan was performed in 5 min intervals (see below). After the incubation steps, the cis compartment was perfused repeatedly for 30 s (1.1 mL/min, each), and the bilayer was inspected by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Each perfusion step using the Ionovation perfusion unit was followed by an incubation step. This procedure was repeated until the brightness of the bilayer stabilized.
All confocal imaging and lifetime measurements were performed on a confocal laser scanning microscope (Insight Cell 3D, Evotec Technologies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) equipped with a 635 nm emitting laser diode (LDH-P-635, PicoQuant, Berlin, Germany), a 40× water immersion objective (UApo 340, 40×, NA = 1.15, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), and an Avalanche photodiode detector (SPCM-AQR-13-FC, Perkin-Elmer Optoelectronics, Fremont, CA, USA). Fluorescence irradiation was achieved with an excitation laser power of 200 ± 20 µW directly in front of the objective. Z-direction scans were performed by scanning the confocal laser spot in the X–Y direction with a rotating beam scanner and movement of the objective in the Z direction. The movement in all directions was piezo-controlled, which allows for nanometer precision positioning.
As in , each measurement protocol was carried out as follows: (a) a reference scan of the stable bilayer was performed, (b) the lipophilized oligonucleotide sample was added, (c) the solution was incubated until the brightness in the bilayer reached a maximum, (d) followed by an additional series of scans performed after each perfusion of the cis compartment (for 30 s, 1.1 mL/min), and (e) followed by a given incubation time.
In order to analyze the 2D images they were processed with Image J A 1.44 software and the obtained data was evaluated with OriginPro 8 (OriginLab Corporation). For an evaluation of the z-direction scan data, the brightness within the bilayer was measured. The mean area of the bilayer cross section was 400 ± 115 counts per pixel (N = 230). Next, the brightness was determined by summing up the number of pixels, where one pixel equals 1 kHz or 1 µm.
All devices used as well as the general techniques used in this paper have been described in detail in preceding manuscripts as well as in an mp4 video .
Berg, H. C. Diffusion with Drift. Random Walks in Biology; Princeton University Press: Prinston, 1983; pp 48–62.
Bloomfield, V. A.; Crothers, D. M.; Tinoco, I., Jr. Interactions of Nucleic Acids with Water and Ions. Nucleic Acids. Structures, Properties and Functions; University Science Books: Sausalito, CA, 2000; pp 475–534.
Rosemeyer, H. Nucleolipids and use thereof, and devices for nucleic acid analysis. U.S. Patent 7,914,991 B2, March 29, 2011.
20. Berg, H. C. Diffusion with Drift. Random Walks in Biology; Princeton University Press: Prinston, 1983; pp 48–62.
39. Rosemeyer, H. Nucleolipids and use thereof, and devices for nucleic acid analysis. U.S. Patent 7,914,991 B2, March 29, 2011.
26. Bloomfield, V. A.; Crothers, D. M.; Tinoco, I., Jr. Interactions of Nucleic Acids with Water and Ions. Nucleic Acids. Structures, Properties and Functions; University Science Books: Sausalito, CA, 2000; pp 475–534.
© 2015 Werz and Rosemeyer; licensee Beilstein-Institut.


text:
Shelf Drilling partners LiveRoute to accelerate its digital transformation
Created: Wednesday, 24 April 2019 04:30
LiveRoute, a part of MDS Computers Group and a cloud solutions provider in the Middle East, has enabled Shelf Drilling, a contractor of jack-up rigs based in Dubai, to digitally transform its operations and embark on a cloud journey
LiveRoute helped Shelf Drilling to deploy Microsoft Azure and Office 365 to become an agile and scalable cloud-based organisation.
Ian M Clydesdale, director of IT, Shelf Drilling, said, "Shelf Drilling acquired its entire fleet of rigs in a single transaction and our establishment necessitated an infrastructure design that was truly 'fit-for-purpose' in line with our overarching company strategy. When we first started looking for vendors, it was important for us to find the right one offering newest and best technology without the hindrance of legacy systems, and Microsoft was our obvious choice."
"We signed up LiveRoute as they are a Microsoft Gold Partner delivering cloud-based solutions in the region, who met our requirements completely. LiveRoute's team of technology experts spent a considerable amount of time discussing how Cloud-based productivity solutions could overcome our challenges while improving cost efficiencies with a tailored approach," he added.
Roger Kakhia, EVP, MDS, stated, "We created a template for office and rig services that were then replicated across the company's entire environment. With this standardised approach, we injected simplicity into a complex network structure with a solution that was designed to be totally integrated, simple to understand and easy to support."
Since LiveRoute's plan was implemented, each Shelf Drilling rig now operates its own local infrastructure to support basic computing services such as file and print, email and office productivity tools (Office 365), ERP (preventative maintenance, inventory and purchasing systems), personnel on-the-job training and competency management, health and safety monitoring and management services and rig operations management systems.
Each rig system collects data locally and synchronises this data across dedicated satellite communications links back to the core systems.
"Rather than attempt to run multiple diverse projects each year, we try to focus on specific areas. Last year we focused on security and improved our security profile considerably. Next year, the company's focus will be on endpoint security and the extension of our multi-factor authentication to include access to any corporate resource outside of our company network," concluded Clydesdale.


Music Together® helps children of all ages—babies, toddlers, preschoolers, and big kids—discover their inner music-maker by playing with the grownups who love them. Our kids' music and movement classes support overall early childhood development. Music Together is the perfect family activity in Oregon City, Aurora, and Sherwood. Bring YOUR little music maker to our classes this year. You'll sing, dance, and make new friends while fostering your child's innate musical abilities.
Happy birthday to us! Willamette Valley Music Together families are celebrating 5 years of singing, dancing, and growing together!
Check out the calendar and get the newsletter to keep up with all our fun music activities.
Music Together BABIES starts April 27!
It's a cruel summer without Music Together, so join the summer music-making fun!. We will sing, dance, and jam with old and new friends.
Classes and Camps for ages Newborn through 8 years. See classes.


text:
Tomy Drissi ( ; born December 9, 1958) is an American professional stock and sports car racing driver, and an advertising executive in the movie industry. A long-time competitor in the Sports Car Club of America's Trans-Am Series, he was the series' 2009 Champion.

Racing career
Drissi first became involved in motorsports through his participation in illegal street racing, primarily on Mulholland Drive in Hollywood's Hollywood Hills, starting at the age of 16. He began legitimate competition in 1993, when he became involved in vintage racing, primarily at Willow Springs Raceway. Drissi's driving style proved "too aggressive" for the fragile vintage cars, and he moved to standard, modern race cars, making his debut in professional racing in 1999. Competing in the SCCA Trans-Am Series, Drissi won Rookie of the Year in his initial season. He would score his first win in the series the following year at the Long Beach Grand Prix. Competing in the series both before and after its mid-2000s hiatus, he won the first championship of the revitalized series in 2009.

Drissi also competed in the SCCA World Challenge series between 2006 and 2010; in 2003, he had begun competing in the sports cars of the American Le Mans Series, where he would make his primary effort in racing outside of Trans-Am; he currently drives in the series for RSR Racing, competing in the Prototype Challenge class, co-driving an Oreca FLM09 with Bruno Junqueira and Roberto González. , he has scored two class wins during his career in the series, both coming during the 2011 season at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course and at the Baltimore Grand Prix.

Drissi also competed in nine Rolex Sports Car Series events in 2005 and 2006, posting a best finish of ninth on the road course at Phoenix International Raceway in September 2005.

NASCAR

In 2010, Drissi took a test drive with Rick Ware Racing at Carolina Motorsports Park, hoping to kickstart some NASCAR activism. Drissi later made his debut in stock car competition, driving the No. 82 Dodge Charger for MacDonald Motorsports in the NASCAR Nationwide Series, competing in the NAPA Auto Parts 200 at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal. He finished 18th in the event; the following year he would drive in two races in the Nationwide Series, driving the No. 75 Ford for Rick Ware Racing at Watkins Glen International, where he finished 27th, and at Montreal, finishing 34th. Drissi also competed in a single NASCAR K&N Pro Series West race in 2011 on the road course at Portland International Raceway, driving the No. 12 Toyota for Bill McAnally Racing; he would finish 22nd in the event.

Drissi drove the No. 26 car for Rick Ware Racing in the 2015 NASCAR Xfinity Series road course races at Road America, Watkins Glen, and Mid Ohio Sports Car Course with a best finish of 25th place. In 2016, Drissi joined TriStar Motorsports' #14 Arthritis Foundation Toyota, for the road races. On lap 17 of the Zippo 200 at the Glen, Drissi was injured during a 5-car pileup in the esses. It forced him to withdraw from the rest of the race as well as the following week's race at Mid-Ohio. Drissi recovered from the injury and returned to the #14 team weeks later at Road America where he finished 26th.

Monster Energy Cup Series

In 2011, established as a "road course ringer", Drissi was hired by Max Q Motorsports, which had entered into a partnership with Rick Ware Racing, to drive the team's No. 37 Ford, sponsored by the movie Rise of the Planet of the Apes, in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series at the Toyota/Save Mart 350 at Infineon Raceway. Drissi was not approved by NASCAR to compete in the event due to not having sufficient experience in the heavy Sprint Cup cars; Chris Cook substituted for Drissi, qualifying and driving the car in the event.

Drissi returned to Infineon (now known as Sonoma) for the 2012 Toyota/Save Mart 350, being hired to drive the No. 10 Chevrolet, sponsored by Ice Age: Continental Drift, for Tommy Baldwin Racing. Drissi returned to Sonoma in the 2013 Toyota/Save Mart 350 for NEMCO-Jay Robinson Racing, driving the No. 87 Toyota sponsored by The Wolverine, and drove again for the team at Watkins Glen International with sponsorship promoting The Counselor. A year later, he joined Identity Ventures Racing in the No. 66 Toyota with sponsorship from Hercules at Sonoma. He started last and finished 38th.

After four years away from Cup racing, he returned to the series for the 2018 Toyota/Save Mart 350, driving the No. 00 for StarCom Racing.

Trans-Am bans

During the race at Mid-Ohio on August 15, 2015, he started from pole position in a Tony Ave Racing machine, but lost a couple of places after battling with championship contender Amy Ruman coming out of "The Keyhole". Drissi drove aggressively towards the front, spinning out his teammate Paul Fix and was given an in-race warning by stewards.

When the caution came out he passed some cars – which he got penalized for later on in the race – and drove next to Ruman and showed his unhappiness with her by touching her car a few times lightly. After serving his drive-through penalty for avoidable contact, Drissi waited for Ruman, who was leading the race at the moment, to drive just behind him and then he tried to block her from putting him a lap down. Coming out of "The Keyhole" Ruman made the pass and Drissi purposely crashed into her and both cars went back across the track taking out himself, Ruman and Doug Peterson, one of Drissi's teammates, who was running second at the time. Drissi was assessed a match penalty, while Ruman would recover to finish in the top-20. After the race concluded, Drissi's #71 was stricken from the race results, along with his points and prize money, pending a final ruling from Trans-Am chief steward, James Foyle. The following month, Drissi was assessed the maximum suspension allowed by SCCA, which is one full calendar year. Drissi motioned to appeal, but it was upheld.

Ruman said during a post-race interview, which aired on CBS Sports Network: "Tomy Drissi is the most unprofessional, unsportsmanlike, unimaginable, worst driver in what he calls a professional sport. What he did was unacceptable today, he trashed my car, he blocked us, we were winning the championship, this is the third year in a row he's hit me, he has a vendetta against me. He's unprofessional and it's unacceptable what happened here today."

Drissi returned to Trans Am for the 2017 season, but was subsequently suspended after being involved in a physical altercation at Indianapolis Motor Speedway on June 17, 2017. On August 7, 2017, Drissi was reinstated and placed on probation after agreeing to fulfill undisclosed terms and conditions by Trans Am.

Personal life
Drissi is the owner of a Hollywood advertising agency that produces film displays for promoting upcoming films in cinemas. He is married to Lacy Livingston Drissi and they have two children.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Monster Energy Cup Series

Xfinity Series

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series points

References

External links

 Tomy Drissi at Driver Database

Living people
1958 births
People from Hollywood, Los Angeles
Racing drivers from Los Angeles
Racing drivers from California
American Le Mans Series drivers
Rolex Sports Car Series drivers
Porsche Supercup drivers
Trans-Am Series drivers
NASCAR drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
WeatherTech SportsCar Championship drivers
Indy Pro 2000 Championship drivers
Rocketsports Racing drivers
JDC Motorsports drivers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Here at City Pets, we're dedicated to making your dog look and feel their best. We offer a range of different grooming packages, using the best equipment and products available to us to cater to all types of dogs.
Below you'll find a list of our services for your lucky pooch.
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This service is designed for dogs that SHED! Whether it's a short coated pug, jack russell or labrador, or a long coated sheltie, border collie or golden retriever, this service is designed to get out as much of the shedding hair as we can!
We start with a warm hydro bath using premium de-shedding shampoo. Then your dog is throughly dried with the blow drier, groomed out from head to toe to rake out all that dead undercoat, their nails will be clipped and their ears cleaned, and we will trim any excess hair from the feet, backend etc.... and finish with a spritz of delicious doggy cologne.
For perfect coat maintenance, this service is designed for fluffy dogs (coats that require clipping) as an in between service to keep the coat in prime condition. We start with a warm hydro bath using premium shampoo formulated especially for pets, and best suited to your dogs skin & coat type. Then your dog is throughly dried with the blow drier, we trim and tidy around the face, feet, tail & sanitary area, their nails will be clipped and their ears cleaned and they'll leave smelling great with a spritz of doggy cologne.
*This service is only available for dogs with coats free from knots & matting.
Our most popular service, the full clip, is also our most inclusive service. We start with a warm hydro bath using premium shampoo formulated especially for pets, and best suited to your dogs skin & coat type. Then after your dog is throughly dried with the blow drier, we clip and scissor your dogs coat to the desired* length and style, clip their nails, clean their ears and finished with a delicious spritz of doggy cologne.
*The condition of your dogs coat will effect the length we are able to clip to, matted dogs will be clipped off to below the matting point for your dogs comfort. Extra charges can apply for severely matted coats.
Some dogs have specialised styles to show off due to their breed. Schnauzers, Westies, Scotties, Cocker Spaniels, Bichons & Poodles to name a few, are all eligible for a stylised breed clip. We start with a warm hydro bath using premium shampoo formulated especially for pets, and best suited to your dogs skin & coat type. Then after your dog is throughly dried with the blow drier your groomer will clip and style your dogs coat into the breed style cut, trim their nails and clean their ears, and spritz with doggy cologne.
We understand that sometimes you may not be able to make it to your scheduled appointment time, and we try to be as accomodating as possible, but please note that cancellations with less than 24 hours' notice may incur a cancellation fee, payable at your next appointment. To view our policies document, please click below.


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You are here: Amarpurkashi Project in India > History
Amarpurkashi Project in India: History
the founder of the project, Mukat Singh, and his wife Jyoti
Society for Agro-Industrial Education in India - a history
Amarpurkashi is a small village in the block of Baniakhera, District Moradabad, U.P., India. It is the birthplace of the founder of the project, Mukat Singh, who, in July 1970, established a development project under the auspices of the Society for Agro-Industrial Education in India.
In 1970 the village was a very different place from what it is now. There was just one electricity connection but it was rare indeed for any electricity to come. A large mango grove separated the village from the main road where only one local bus would stop for passengers. There were six brick buildings in the whole village, 5 handpumps and one small government primary school. Rates of literacy, infant and child mortality and unemployment were extremely poor. And within a distance of just a few miles there were a dozen other small villages in the same or an even worse position.
Mukat Singh came from a typical poor village family. He attended the village primary school and wanted to go on to middle school, the nearest one being in Bilari, four miles away. His father did not believe in education and would not allow him to go so he repeated the final year of primary school but this time in Urdu and worked in the fields. The following year, another village boy started attending middle school in Bilari and Mukat Singh�s father reluctantly allowed him to go too. After that, however, he put his foot down and Mukat got a job as a clerk with the sugar-cane co-operative society. Then came the news that he had topped the district in the board exams and been awarded a scholarship. After that, although his father always opposed him, with the help of further scholarships and the encouragement of his teachers, Mukat Singh slowly but steadily educated himself until he had obtained his master�s degree in mathematics.
For six years he taught at an intercollege in Ghaziabad but never forgot his rural roots and regularly returned to the village. He was responsible for the first bus stop by the road, a sub post office and numerous other small but significant improvements. He wanted to do a lot more but did not know exactly how or what. With the help of a generous friend, he went to England where he taught and studied for six years before returning to his birthplace to put all his knowledge, experience and ideas into action.
The early years were a tremendous struggle. There was never enough money and few people understood what he was trying to achieve. They thought he was mad to give up a comfortable life in the West. But with the unfailing support of his wife and a few friends, he battled on until eventually his dreams became a reality.
Progress Reports for previous years
progress report for 2011-12.
progress report for 2008-9.
Back to Amarpurkashi Project - Overview.


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Khaled Shaalan
Professor of Computer Science
ICALL
Magdy, M., K. Shaalan, and A. Fahmy, "Lexical Error Diagnosis for Second Language Learners of Arabic", The Seventh Conference on Language Engineering, Egyptian Society of Language Engineering (ELSE), Cairo, Egypt, Dec., 2007. Abstractlexical_error_diagnosis_nle.pdf
This paper addresses the development of an automated lexical error diagnosis system, which helps Arabic second language learners to learn well-formed weak verbs. The learners are encouraged to produce input freely in various situations and contexts and guided to recognize by themselves the erroneous or inappropriate functions of their misused expressions. In this system, we successfully used constraint relaxation and edit-distance techniques to provide error-specific diagnosis and feedback to second language learners of Arabic. We demonstrated the capabilities of these techniques to diagnose errors related to the Arabic weak verb which is formed using complex morphological rules. Furthermore, the developed system allows for individualization of the learning process by providing feedback that conforms to the learner's expertise. Inexperienced learners might require detailed instruction while experienced learners benefit from higher level reminders and explanations.
Shaalan, K., "Development of Computer Assisted Language Learning System for Arabic Using Natural Language Processing Techniques", Egyptian Informatics Journal, vol. 4, no. 2: Faculty of Comptuers and Information, pp. 131–155, dec, 2003. Abstractarabic_call_fci.pdf
This paper describes the development of a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) system for learning Arabic using natural language processing (NLP) techniques. This system can be used for learning Arabic by students at the primary schools. It provides grammar practice for learners of Arabic. The learners are encouraged to produce sentences freely in various situations and contexts and guided to recognize by themselves the erroneous or inappropriate functions of their misused expressions. In this system, we use NLP tools (including a morphological analyzer and syntax analyzer) and an error analyzer to give the adequate feedback to the learner. Furthermore, we propose the mechanism of correction by the learner which allows the learner to correct the typed sentence by herself/himself, and allows the learner to realize that what error she/he has made.
Shaalan, K., "An Intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning System for Arabic Learners", Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol. 18, no. 1-2: Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 81-109, 2005. Abstractarabic_icall.pdfWebsite
This paper describes the development of an intelligent computer-assisted language learning (ICALL) system for learning Arabic. This system could be used for learning Arabic by students at primary schools or by learners of Arabic as a second or foreign language. It explores the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for learning Arabic. The learners are encouraged to produce sentences freely in various situations and contexts and guided to recognize by themselves the erroneous or inappropriate functions of their misused expressions. In this system, we use NLP tools (including morphological analyzer and syntax analyzer) and error analyzer to issue feedback to the learner. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism of correction by the learner which allows the learner to correct the typed sentence independently, and allows the learner to realize that what the error is.
Shaalan, K., and H. Talhami, "Error analysis and handling in Arabic ICALL systems", IASTED International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIA 2006), Innsbruck, Austria, ACTA Press, pp. 109–114, Febrauray, 2006. Abstracterror_analysis_icall.pdf
Arabic is a Semitic language that is rich in its morphology and syntax. The very numerous and complex grammar rules of the language could be confusing even for Arabic native speakers. Many Arabic intelligent computer-assisted language-learning (ICALL) systems have neither deep error analysis nor sophisticated error handling. In this paper, we report an attempt at developing an error analyzer and error handler for Arabic as an important part of the Arabic ICALL system. In this system, the learners are encouraged to construct sentences freely in various contexts and are guided to recognize by themselves the errors or inappropriate usage of their language constructs. We used natural language processing (NLP) tools such as a morphological analyzer and a syntax analyzer for error analysis and to give feedback to the learner. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism of correction by the learner, which allows the learner to correct the typed sentence independently. This will result in the learner being able to figure out what the error is. Examples of error analysis and error handling will be given and will illustrate how the system works.
Shaalan, K. F., M. Magdy, and A. Fahmy, "Morphological Analysis of Ill-Formed Arabic Verbs in Intelligent Language Tutoring Framework", The 23rd International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-23), Florida, USA, FLAIRS, pp. 277–282, may, 2010. Abstractflairs-23-1755.pdf
Arabic is a language of rich and complex morphology. The nature and peculiarity of Arabic make its morphological and phonological rules confusing for second language learners (SLLs). The conjugation of Arabic verbs is central to the formulation of an Arabic sentence because of its richness of form and meaning. In this paper, we address issues related to the morphological analysis of ill-formed Arabic verbs in order to identify the source of errors and provide an in-formative feedback to SLLs of Arabic. The edit distance and constraint relaxation techniques are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach in generating all possible analyses of erroneous Arabic verbs written by SLLs. Filtering mechanisms are applied to exclude the irrelevant constructions and determine the target stem. A morphological analyzer has been developed and effectively evaluated using real test data. It achieved satisfactory results in terms of the recall rate.
Shaalan, K., M. Magdy, and D. Samy, "Towards Resolving Morphological Ambiguity in Arabic Intelligent Language Tutoring Framework", The seventh international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10) Workshop on Supporting eLearning with Language Resources and Semantic Data, Valletta, Malta, LREC, 2010. Abstractlrec2010elearing_workshop.pdf
Ambiguity is a major issue in any NLP application that occurs when multiple interpretations of the same language phenomenon are produced. Given the complexity of the Arabic morphological system, it is difficult to determine what the intended meaning of the writer is. Moreover, Intelligent Language Tutoring Systems which need to analyze erroneous learner answers, generally, introduce techniques, such as constraints relaxation, that would produce more interpretations than systems designed for processing well-formed input. This paper addresses issues related to the morphological disambiguation of corrected interpretations of erroneous Arabic verbs that were written by beginner to intermediate Second Language Learners. The morphological disambiguation has been developed and effectively evaluated using real test data. It achieved satisfactory results in terms of the recall rate.


Raf Simons made his first mark on adidas by reinventing archival Ozweego runners with trail twists and runway sensibilities. For his upcoming Fall/Winter collection, Raf widens his spectrum with a diverse assortment of sneakers and boots. Solid and two-tone takes on the Stan Smith start the series, retaining most iconic elements but revamping the perforated branding to represent an 'R' shape. Bounce cushioned running shoes play closest to the introductory Ozweegos, carrying similar lines on the upper and mudguard while playing with camo print. Things really start to shift with a series of strapped trainers and the lace covered Rising Star 2, juxtaposing Jetson styling with chunky midsoles and/or metallic materials. The collection closes out with a lineup of super-high cut boots, resembling snowboarding shoes in shape and rain wear in finish. Peep the preview photos via Hypebeast below and let us know if you plan on copping any of these kicks in the comment section.


This trap should NOT be advertised as a squirrel trap as it is too small in length. I've watched squirrels go into the trap several times and stretch to get to the bait while their back hindquarters are still outside of the trap door. When they trigger the trap, the trap door hits them on their back and they run off. I've also tried using it as a one door trap with the bait all the way to the back, but had the same results because they still trigger the bait tray in the same manner as the 2-door set up. I would HIGHLY recommend a larger size.
Thank you for taking the time to provide us with this feedback, we appreciate it! Your comments have been shared with our Product Managers. These traps are covered by our 30-day guarantee and a 1-year replacement policy with a copy of the purchase receipt. Please contact our Consumer Relations Team at 1-855-5-HAVAHART (1-855-542-8242) for assistance.
I bought the small 2 door trap to catch the red squirrels we had living in our garage, and the grey squirrels trying to chew a way into the attic. Well it was great for the red squirrels, but the grey ones are so big they just push their way back out of the trap. Their back ends are still out the door and holds it up long enough for them to get the nuts, and back out !! My father, decades ago, had bought a large havahart trap to keep the raccoons out of the garden, and this one has been working great on the grey squirrels- so Lucky it still functions after over 40 years of use!
I've been a long-time Havahart customer because their products are high quality and easy to use. I live in the northern Maine woods have have lots of furry critters for neighbors! This trap allows us to peacefully co-exist.
I live in a remote log cabin. I often get field mice but they don't do much damage until I can get them out. But this year a busy-tailed wood rat, more commonly known as a pack rat, came into the house and, although he was certainly the cutest rat I've ever seen, he was very destructive. I didn't want to kill him. I just wanted him out. The very first night I put the Havahart trap down I caught him and found him a lovely wooded area about four miles from my home.
I have been trying to catch chipmunks with limited success. More often than not they are able to steal the bait without tripping the cage. Apparently the trigger mechanism needs to be more sensitive. I have caught a few but most times I find the bait gone and the doors are still open. I have tried sunflower seeds and peanut butter for bait with about the same results.
To increase the sensitivity of this trap, we recommend adding weight to the trigger pan. This may be done with small stones, magnets, or metal washers. The trap may also be set as a single-door trap, and bait placed at the base of the closed door. We appreciate you taking the time to provide this feedback, and have shared your comments with our Product Managers. Please feel free to contact our Consumer Relations Team at 1-855-5-HAVAHART (1-855-542-8242) with any questions. We are happy to help!
I have the trap a 3. There needs to be a smaller one for mice. I have trapped and relocated many mice from my garage with this trap. It really has been a huge blessing. Now I have a mouse in the basement. He must fit out of the trap somehow because the trap is often closed but he isn't in it. At first I thought he must be bumping it and it's closing before he gets inside. Then I discovered he has eaten the meal of Pb placed on the plate and lots of poop under the cage. So he was in there. So disappointed he can fit out because I am so happy to just humanely relocate the mice. I was hoping he'd get a little bigger and not fit out.
Thank you for taking the time to provide this feedback! We do have a live trap that we may recommend for mice, the http://www.havahart.com/x-small-2-door-trap. Please feel free to contact our Consumer Relations Team at 1-855-5-HAVAHART (1-855-542-8242) with any questions.
Have used Havahart traps in the past to catch raccoons, possum's and muskrats many times. What a surprise when I saw a few chipmunks running in and out the bottom of my shed. ALL my traps were too large for critters so small so I ordered two of the Havahart two door traps. I use a mix of fresh nuts and trapped them all in three days. I hope they like living in the woods.
Thank you for taking the time to provide this feedback! When bait is stolen from a trap, we recommend placing the bait so it is more difficult for the squirrel to obtain. This can be done by burrying the bait beneath the trap, or by suspending it from the top of the trap. This way the animal is engaged in obtaining the bait when the trap triggers, locking them inside. Please feel free to contact our Consumer Relations Team at 1-855-5-HAVAHART (1-855-542-8242) with any questions. We are happy to help!
Q.I have been successful at catching voles with the small 2 door trap, however, now the rabbits have come and can scrunch down and remove the bait from trap without getting caught since they are too big for the doors to come down and lock while they are inside. I do not want to catch the rabbits; only the voles. Suggestions?
Rabbits love leafy greens and root vegetables, while voles can be tempted by small nuts, oatmeal mixed with peanut butter, or bread and butter. Shifting your choice of bait from fruits and veggies could deter rabbits from trying to enter the trap. If changing bait does not do the trick, try adding our Critter Ridder® Weatherproof Rabbit Repelling Stations. Rabbits will dislike the smell of the dried blood within the station, and stay away.
Q.The model 1025 trap I bought at Home Depot says "Ideal for Catching: Red and Flying Squirrels". Can I also use it for catching the bigger gray squirrels here in North Carolina? Or should I use a larger trap?
This trap is designed to catch chipmunks, rats, squirrels, weasels, and other similarly sized animals. If the squirrels being captured are larger, a small size one door trap can be used as well as a one or two door medium sized trap.
We do not manufacture traps to capture crows. For birds, we do offer repellents such as Spray Away: http://www.havahart.com/search?q=spray+away .


A sequel by name only, "The Toymaker" is one of the strangest sequels I've ever seen. A young boy sees his father killed by a toy that was anonymously delivered to his house. After that, he is too traumatized to speak, and his mother must deal with both him and the loss of her husband. Meanwhile, a toy maker named Joe Peto (a name that is just too funny to be unintentionally hilarious) builds some suspicious-looking toys, and a mysterious man creeps around both the toy store and the boy's house…but who is responsible for the killer toys? The twist at the end needs to be seen to be believed (shades of "Sleepaway Camp"), "The Toymaker" is fun with a capital F. I can't in all honesty say this is a "good" film but I can say that you've never seen anything like it. Besides who DOESN'T want to see a horror movie version of Pinocchio?
Have yourself a bloody merry Christmas and give "Silent Night Deadly Night 5: The Toymaker" a chance. It is 80's horror at its cheesy finest. Yes, yes I know this movie was made in 1991 but I refuse to believe that. The early 90's was a time of horror blandness and this is anything but. I can't say that this movie is for everyone but it doesn't deserve the reputation it has received. Have a few drinks and enjoy!
It's a lot of fun and very underrated. I think that had it been released as just "The Toymaker", the film would be considered a cult classic today.
This one was quite good. Didn't see 4, but better than 3. Did not see that ending coming I must admit.


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Being Hyderabadi
To Dote
Being Hyderabadi – Blog
It's all about Hyderabad !
Hyderabad a city rich in culture, tradition with some great history has many places to explore. Along with rapid modernization Hyderabad has preserved its heritage till date. One can experience how the city must have been centuries ago. Established by Qutb Shahs and developed by Nizams, this city is a beautiful blend of Persian, Indian and Arab culture. Here's what you can explore in Hyderabad.
Charminar:
What statue of Liberty is to New York, Charminar is to Hyderabad.
The first thing that resonates when you hear the word Hyderabad is Charminar. This beautiful monument was constructed in 1591 by Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah and is a must see when you plan a trip to Hyderabad. Charminar has a square structure which is 20 meters long with minarets at the four corners; each minaret has 149 winding steps. It's a beautiful mosque turned in to monument with local bazaars around. Make sure you complete your trip to Hyderabad by stopover at Charminar to see the bustling life around it. you will never forget this experience for sure.
Where: Telephone exchange, Phathergatti Rd, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500002, India.
Timing: 9:30am-5:30pm
Entry Fee: Rs10/- for Indians and Rs100/- for Foreign Nationals
Makkah Masjid:
Makka Masjis is in close proximity to Charminar. The Masjid is Historically significant because the soil was imported from Mecca for construction of this beautiful place of worship. Not just the devotees but also the visitors feel the spiritual connect while on a visit to Makkah masjid. It is about 75 ft tall, 220 ft wide and 180 ft long; and can hold approximately 10,000 worshipers at a time.
Where: Laad bazaar Rd, Khilwat, Charminar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500002, India.
Time: 4:00am-9:30pm
Entry fee: Free
Chow Mahalla Palace:
Nizams of Hyderabad belonging to the Asaf Jahi Dynasty used to reside in the Chow Mahalla Palace. This palace renowned for its elegance and grandeur is the combination of four palaces, Afzal Mahal, Mahtan Mahal, Tahniyat Mahal and Aftab Mahal. Hence, it's known by the name chow mahalla. Chow means four,mahalla means palaces. Constructed by Salabat Jang, spread across 12 acres it has luscious lawns with ornate fountains in the center, exquisite carvings, elaborately stunning glass chandeliers,opulent display of crockery, magnificent vintage cars and royal clothing.
Where: Khilwat, 20-4-236, Moti galli, Hyderabad 500002, India.
Timings: 10:00am-5:00pm(Friday closed).
Entry fee: Rs 80/-adults, Rs10/- children, Rs200/- foreign tourists, Rs50/- for phone camera.
Golconda Fort:
Qutb shahs ruled Hyderabad from the Golconda fort. The fort is built on a granite hill of 480 feet high. Boasting of excellent architecture and acoustics, it is a majestic sight and speaks volumes about the history of Hyderabad's glorious past. Golconda consists of four distinct forts with a 10 km long outer wall with 87 semi-circular bastions. It is home to the largest sound and light show which can accommodate up to 400 people at a time. The voice over is from Amitabh Bachchan, and songs are sung by Jagjit Singh and Kavita Krishnamurti.
Where: Ibrahim Bagh, Hyderabad, 500008, Telangana, India.
Timings: For fort, 9:30am to 5:30pm.
For show English (All week days) at 6:30pm.
Hindi( Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday) at 7:45.
Telugu( Monday, Wednesday, Friday)
Entry fee: Rs 15/- for Indians, Rs 150/- for Foreign Tourists, Rs25/-for still camera and Rs 140 for the sound and light show.
Qutub Shahi Tombs:
Located two kilometers away from the Golconda Fort and situated across the landscaped gardens in Ibrahim bagh the Qutub Shahi tombs are an architectural excellence consisting of seven tombs. . It's an amalgamation of Hindu, Pathan, Persian and Deccan style architecture. The tombs are of different sizes and are must visit to see the mixture of many cultures.
Where: Fort road, Tolichowki, Hyderbad, 500008, India
Timings: 9:30am-4:30pm(Friday closed)
Entry fee: Rs20 for adults, Rs 10/- for children, Rs50 for camera.
Taramati Baradari:
Taramati Baradari was initially a sarai (traveller's bungalow) constructed on the banks of Musi River changed in to a music hall with 12 entrances. A lot of stories are associated with this place. According to tales, Taramati, a dancer at the time of king Abdullah Qutb Shah used to perform for the king and had become his favourite so the baradari was named after the courtesan Taramati as Taramati Baradari. Presently, it is open to host various public events and exhibitions. It has a large open theatre and conference room.
Where: Near PBEL city, Ramdev guda, Ibrahimbagh, Hyderabad, 500031, Telangana.
Timings: 11:00am to 6:00pm.
Salar Jung Museum:
Salar Jung Museum has a huge collection of sculptures, textiles, paintings, carvings and cloths from Japan, China, Burma, Nepal, India, Persia, Egypt, Europe and North America. It is the also the world's largest one man collection of antiques. The collection includes painting from a celebrated painter Raja Ravi Verma, Aurangazeb's sword, Veiled Rebecca, Quran collection of different fonts and writings and a clock.
Where: 22-8-299/320, Salar Jung Road, Naya pul, Darul Shifa, Hyderabad, Telanagana,500002, India.
Timings: 10:00am to 5:00pm(Friday closed).
Entry fee: Rs20/- for Indian adults, Rs150/- for Foreign tourists,Rs5/- for children, and Rs50/- for camera.
Purani Haveli:
Purani Haveli as the name suggests means old mansion, was built by Sikandar Jah and his father Ali Khan Bahadur Asaf jahan. This building is very much influenced by the 18th century European architecture. It has beautiful mosaic flooring and tiled walls, antique furniture with sinuous interior decorations. It has the longest wardrobe in the world with a capacity to hang 730 pairs of royal attires. It has Nizam's Silver Jubilee Museum inside.
Where: Pathar gatti, near princess Durre shwar hospital, 500002, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Timings: 10:00am-5:00pm (Friday closed)
Entry Fee: Rs80/- adults, Rs15/- children, Rs150 for camera.
Nizam's silver Jubilee Museum:
The last Nizam, Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII received a lot of gifts on his silver jubilee, this museum showcases all the gifts and mementos the Nizam was presented by dignitaries. The museum has a golden, wooden throne that was used for the silver jubilee occasion, silver perfume bottles, silver cups, and vintage car collection like 1930 Rolls Royce, Packard and many more.
Where: Purani Haveli palace, old city, Darul Shifa, Hyderaabad.
Time: 10:00am- 5:00pm.
Entry fee: No special entry fee.
Paigah Tombs :
Paigah tombs, located in old city, are tombs of Paigah family who were very close to the Nizam family. Paigahs were married to the daughters of Nizams. The tombs that are spread across 30-40 acres take you back to the 18th century. The Paigah tombs have mosaic, tile and jali work which is exclusive and one of a kind.
Where: Qalendar Nagar rd, Santosh Nagar, Kanchan bagh, Hyderabad, 500058, India.
Timing: 10:00am to 5:00pm.
Entry fee: No entry fee.
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In honor of seeitmarket.com's 1st anniversary, I have decided to write my first blog for the site (and most likely my last:). I am about the farthest you can get from being a writer; a biology major and restaurant manager, so keep your expectations low folks. But this one's for my husband Andrew Nyquist (Andy).
Just a little Andy background to start: As a little kid Andy was all boy. He played nearly every sport imaginable, tormented his older brother Eric and was passionate about Minnesota sports. At a young age he even geeked out on player statistics and has an impressive baseball card collection. Despite all of this he had am introspective side as well. His parents dubbed him a "poet" early on knowing he had a huge heart and a lot he wanted to give back. So, it really wasn't a surprise he majored in English at Carleton (he also played football, had a heck of a good time, and even babysat kids for his work study!). It wasn't until after college that Andy and I met. And I instantly saw that poet in him and fell in love. It was a no-brainer.
It probably won't come as any surprise that Andy has always been successful in his work life… always getting the early promotion and even turning some down. But, like most people, for him work was simply work. Andy knew he had more to give and knew he wanted his work to be more meaningful. So when he started writing, he was able to breathe life into his passion.
When Andy created See It Market he came alive. He finally knew what he wanted to do: educate and inspire people on subjects he loves: investing and personal finance. I don't know another human being on this planet who works harder than he does: full time job, full time writer, full time editor, full time trader, full time father of 3 and full time husband. Yes, there have been highs and lows trying to balance it all. Nothing great has ever been accomplished without a little blood, sweat and tears. But, this is Andy's dream and dreams demand patience, sacrifice and hard work. And boy does Andy work hard. He works hard for his audience that reads him and follows him. He works hard in hopes that he can inspire people to learn about investing and better manage their money. And Andy works hard for our family. And love him for it.
So, congratulations sweetheart on doing this incredible thing; 7 writers, countless articles and charts, syndications to some big time sites and an overall outstanding financial website with a little something for everyone. I am incredibly proud of all you have accomplished. I can't even imagine what another year will bring.
Finally, thanks to all of you for supporting and believing in seeitmarket.com.
Let us raise a glass (in Andy's case, a large coffee cup:) to Seeitmarket on its 1st anniversary!


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