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Q: Creating a JComboBox in a JTable with the dropdown always visible In Swing is possible to create a JComboBox in a JTable, as seen by this guide from Oracle. They have a lovely picture that shows this in action:

However, what the fail to show is that if you haven't clicked on the cell, the dropdown arrows are not visible and it just looks like a normal text label, as seen below:

You can see that knitting has dropdown arrows because I just clicked on it, but the other ones don't. This is sadly less than ideal because there are no visual cues that the cell can be clicked on to show a list of options. In other words, the "Sport" column looks identical to the "Last Name" column. One of them is a dropdown, the other is not, but they visually look the same unless you happen to click on one of them.
Is there any way that this can be done in Swing?
EDIT: To clarify, what I want is for ALL the cells in the "Sport" column to have arrows indicating a dropdown menu, even if they were not the least one clicked. Basically, I want it to look like a combo box whether I've clicked on it or not.

A: I'm not sure you understand the distintion between "renderer" and "edit" modes in the JTable.  All the cells in the Sport column in your example are backed by a combobox, when in edit mode.
What I believe you're trying to do is something like...

Which will clutter the UI (IMHO)
So based on the example from here, I modified the code to change the default cell renderer for the Sport column
public void setUpSportColumn(JTable table,
                TableColumn sportColumn) {
    //Set up the editor for the sport cells.
    JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();
    DefaultComboBoxModel model = new DefaultComboBoxModel();
    model.addElement("Snowboarding");
    model.addElement("Rowing");
    model.addElement("Knitting");
    model.addElement("Speed reading");
    model.addElement("Pool");
    model.addElement("None of the above");
    comboBox.setModel(model);
    sportColumn.setCellEditor(new DefaultCellEditor(comboBox));

    model = new DefaultComboBoxModel();
    model.addElement("Snowboarding");
    model.addElement("Rowing");
    model.addElement("Knitting");
    model.addElement("Speed reading");
    model.addElement("Pool");
    model.addElement("None of the above");
    //Set up tool tips for the sport cells.
    ComboBoxTableCellRenderer renderer
                    = new ComboBoxTableCellRenderer();
    renderer.setModel(model);
    sportColumn.setCellRenderer(renderer);
}

And added this...
public class ComboBoxTableCellRenderer extends JComboBox implements TableCellRenderer {

    @Override
    public Component getTableCellRendererComponent(JTable table, Object value, boolean isSelected, boolean hasFocus, int row, int column) {
        setSelectedItem(value);
        return this;
    }

}

A: First of all, you may want to check this out: how to add checkbox and combobox in table cell?
In your example, I am thinking that this may be due to the fact that there is not enough height to display the GUI. What I mean is that the Swing components automatically resize to fill their container, and if the container height is too small, then it may not display the GUI correctly.
Here are images to illustrate my example (I used Windows XP):
Initial Launch:

Click on Cell:

After Cell Click:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Zoraida Luces de Febres (Caicara  de  Maturín, 8 de junio de 1922 - 2016) fue una botánica, agrostóloga, y taxónoma venezolana. Perteneciente a la Fundación Instituto Botánico (comenzando su asistencia desde los quince años), es la primera científica botánica del país, y destacadísima discípula de Henri Pittier (1857-1950).

Desarrolló sus actividades de investigación taxonómica en el Laboratorio de Biosistemática y Citogenética Vegetal del IBE: "Instituto de Biología Experimental", de la Facultad de Ciencias de la "Universidad Central de Venezuela", abarcando la diversidad genómica en géneros de la familia de las poáceas en Venezuela.

Algunas publicaciones
 . 2003. Guía ilustrada del Jardín Botánico de Caracas. 2ª edición de Fundación Polar, 132 pp.

  1989. Flora de Venezuela. Vol. 8 (3): 15-226. Instituto Nacional de Parques, Dirección de Investigaciones Biológicas; Ediciones Fundación Educación Ambiental, Caracas

 lincoln Constance, daniel f. Austin, zoraida Luces de Febres. 1982. Convolvulaceae. Volumen 3 y 8 de Flora de Venezuela. Ed. Ed. Fundación Educación Ambiental, 226 pp.

 . 1972. Primer libro de las gramíneas: la estructura de las gramíneas explicada a los principiantes. Vol. 5 de Textos y materiales de enseñanza. 2ª ed. de Bib. Orton IICA, CATIE, 109 pp. en línea

 . 1963. Las gramíneas del Distrito Federal. Vol. 63 de Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales. Ed. Instituto Botánico (Caracas) 234 pp.

 ------------------------------. 1953. Especies de Gramineas Nuevas Para la Ciencia

 ------------------------------. 1942. Géneros de las Gramíneas Venezolanas. N.º 4 de Boletín técnico. Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Editor Tipografía Garrido, 149 pp.

Conferencias
 15 de abril de 1998: Auditorio de la Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Jornada de discusión "El recurso vegetal en la cuenca del Orinoco: presente, pasado y futuro"

Honores
 Presidenta de la Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela Dr. Tobías Lasser
 Miembro Suplente del Consejo Técnico del Instituto de Biología Experimental
 Asesora externa de la Comisión Técnica en Ciencias del Agro (CONICIT)
 Evaluadora externa de la revista Acta Botanica Venezuelica
 Evaluadora externa de la revista Ciencia
 Evaluadora externa de la revista Acta Científica Venezolana

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Botánicas de Venezuela
Agrostólogos
Profesores de la Universidad Central de Venezuela
Escritores en español del siglo XX
Escritores en inglés del siglo XX
Caraqueñas
Taxónomos de Venezuela
Profesoras de Venezuela

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Car and Driver: 2016 Peking to Paris Motor Challenge: Epic Photos from the 36-Day Journey
The thought of taking a modern car on an 8510-mile, 36-day slog across the Asian and European continents sounds hard, but imagine tackling the challenge in a pre-1975 vehicle. Or a prewar beast. That's the Peking-to-Paris Motor Challenge, put on by the Endurance Rally Association. The 2016 race concluded in Paris on July 17, more than a month after kicking off in Beijing on June 12, and the organizers sent us a batch of incredible photos from the journey.
Vintage automobiles traipsed through China, Mongolia, Russia, Belorussia, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, and France. There are two vehicle classes, Vintageant and Classic, which divides the field into pre-1941 automobiles and pre-1975 models. Each team must carry its own weight—literally. Tents, sleeping bags, spares, and supplies must all be loaded onto the rally cars itself, and support vehicles are frowned upon. Also pooh-pooh'd are non-period attire and vehicle modifications. As the organizer points out:
The 2016 24 Hours of Daytona in 40 Stunning Photos-
2016 24 Hours of Le Mans: Photos from the History-Making Race-
Certified Classics: These 7 Automakers Will Sell You the Perfect Vintage Car-
"Cars must be prepared in a period-style. No alloy-boxes on the back, no modern-looking ski-boxes or roof-top boxes. Appearance matters. Ratchet straps come in black and are preferable to bright blue, but leather straps do the job just as well and are more in keeping with the spirit of the event…. Crews must remember! Prince Borghese is looking down!" The prince, winner of the inaugural 1907 Peking-to-Paris race—although it's said his chauffeur did most of the driving—presumably was a stickler for style.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Worshipful Company of Arts Scholars is ranked 110th out of the City livery companies. Recognised as a Company without Livery in 2010, it was constituted a Livery Company on 11 February 2014 by the Court of Aldermen.

Masters Arts Scholars
2006–07: Lord Brooke of Sutton Mandeville CH FSA
2007–08: Geoffrey Bond OBE DL FSA
2008–09: Jonathan Horne MBE FSA
2009–10: Dr Geoff Egan FSA
2010–11: Mark Bridge
2011–12: Philippa Glanville OBE FSA
2012–13: Christopher Claxton Stevens
2013–14: Nicholas Somers FRICS
2014–15: Alderman Ian Luder CBE JP
2015–16: Alastair Leslie TD
2016–17: Tom Christopherson
2017–18: Dr Loyd Grossman CBE FRHistS
2018–19: Paul Viney
2019-20: Dr Georgina Gough FRGS
2020-22: John Spanner TD

Company Chaplain and Church
 The Revd Canon Roger Hall MBE
 Church of St Peter ad Vincula

References

External links

2014 establishments in England
Livery companies
Charities based in London
History of the City of London


1a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, SRIPMS affiliated to Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Coimbatore, India.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, SRIPMS affiliated to Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Coimbatore, India.
A simple, specific, sensitive and rapid stability-indicating high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in combined dosage form. In this method, the separation was achieved on silica gel 60F254 thin layer chromatography plates using mobile phase comprising of hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol (5:3:2,v/v/v) with 3 drops of ammonia at 288 nm as selected wavelength on a densitometer. The Rf value of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir were observed to be 0.21±0.02 and 0.43±0.02, respectively. The linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the method were validated according to the ICH guidelines. The linear regression analysis for calibration plots produced r2=0.9948±0.0005 and r2 = 0.9927±0.0003 for ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, respectively. Percent recovery of the drugs from tablet formulation was carried out by standard addition method and was found to be close to 100 and relative standard deviation was less than 2%, which indicated good accuracy and precision of the method. The factors evaluated in the robustness test were determined to have an insignificant effect on the selected responses. To make the method more specific stress studies were conducted for both drugs individually as well as in the combined form by subjected to acid, alkali and neutral hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and photolytic degradation. Degradation studies indicated ledipasvir to be susceptible to acid and alkaline hydrolysis, thermal, photolytic and oxidative degradation whereas sofosbuvir was susceptible only to alkaline hydrolysis. The degradation product peaks were well resolved from the pure drug with significant differences in their Rf values. The results indicate that the method is suitable for the routine quality control testing of marketed tablet formulation.


The International Symposium on Pervasive Displays will bring together researchers interested in digital pervasive displays, including large and small displays, projection, 3D displays and tabletops.
As a targeted topic venue, Pervasive Displays offers participants a unique opportunity to share their work within a diverse but focused research community. The symposium on Pervasive Displays welcomes work on all areas pertaining to digital displays, and, in addition to regular papers, it will also invites poster and video submissions.
The posters track presents an opportunity to publish late-breaking results, technical descriptions, smaller research contributions, works-in-progress and student projects in a concise and visible format. Accepted posters will be displayed in the conference venue for the duration of the symposium, including a designated poster session, providing presenters with an opportunity to engage in discussion with other attendees around their research.
Authors are required to submit an abstract and draft poster. Poster abstracts should be a maximum of two pages in ACM format, clearly describing the research questions addressed and their contribution to the pervasive displays community. As the abstract may be viewed without the poster, this should be written to stand alone as an independent submission. Draft posters should be formatted for A1 portrait (594x841mm).
All submissions should be anonymised and will be reviewed by an international panel of experts in the field of pervasive displays.
The video track presents an opportunity to publish late-breaking results, technical demonstrations, concepts and visions, works-in-progress and student projects in a concise and visible format.   Accepted videos will be displayed in the conference venue for the duration of the symposium, including a designated video session, providing presenters with an opportunity to introduce their video to other attendees.
Authors are required to submit a video with a short summary paper. Video summaries should be a no longer than two pages in ACM format, and should concisely describe the content of the video and its intended contribution to the pervasive displays community.  Submitted videos should be in a standard format (AVI, MOV, MPG) and their duration should not exceed 10 minutes at most.
If possible, submissions should be anonymised before being submitted. An international panel of experts in the field of pervasive displays will review each submission.


text:
Tag Archives: Extended Editions
Movie Reviews, Movies
The Extended Editions of 'The Hobbit' Movies Are Actually Really Good
December 11, 2021 Annlyel James	Leave a comment
I miss The Hobbit so I thought I'd reshare this post. Enjoy!
If you've followed my blog for a while then you know that I've talked quite a bit of smack about The Hobbit movies but to be honest, I really enjoy these films. I'm a bit ashamed to admit I know the first two films by heart and that I cry at the end of the third one…every time. But there was a spell where I stopped watching The Hobbit films because I got bored.
Then recently my sister and I purchased the extended editions of the 1st and 3rd one Hobbit movie (we already had the 2nd one) and our obsession over these movies was reignited. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey doesn't have a bucket load of new content but what it does have is fun to watch. There's more scenes from the Rivendell sequence, including a rather fascinating moment between Bilbo and Elrond. And there's even an extra song from the Goblin King which is a bit cringe-worthy but it is kind of catchy…
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug however has the most new content with a bunch of really fun sequences. I especially loved the scenes that were based on scenes from the book that were cut out of the theatrical version, like the one when the dwarves and Bilbo are in Mirkwood and they have to cross the magical river. That was always one of my favorite parts in the book so to see it cut out was unfortunate.
Unfortunately, there are no extended scenes with the elves in Mirkwood which would be really cool but alas, it's still a blast to watch.
And The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies has some really nice (and viciously gory) content. There's a bit of glorious content added to the best sequence in the film when Galadriel has to rescue Gandalf from Sauron with the help of Saruman and Elrond. But primarily, the extended content is displayed in the actually battle which gives some nice moments for all of the dwarves, moments that were unfortunately taken out of the final product; including a riveting chase scene with trolls, wargs, and lots of arrows.
And to make the emotional tidbits just that much more painful, there's an extra scene featuring Thorin Oakenshield, Fili and Kili getting a bit of a funeral sequence that makes me weep my eyes out.
All in all, I may talk cold smack about these movies in comparison to The Lord of the Rings films but personally, I actually really have a lot of fun watching them and the extended editions are really fun indeed.
I thank you for reading and I hope you have a great day.
Extended EditionsPeter JacksonThe Hobbit TrilogyThe Hobbit: An Unexpected JourneyThe Hobbit: The Battle of Five ArmiesThe Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
March 16, 2021 Annlyel James	1 Comment


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USCHO.com Fan Forum | board.uscho.com > College Hockey > Men's Division I > bu off-season - #1
View Full Version : bu off-season - #1
Pages : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 [18] 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Alarm just woke mookie up in middle of dream where bu was winning a national semi final game. Score was bu 5-2 late in the 3rd as Harper and curry were out killing a bs penalty where Patrick set up pat for an easy open net shortie. Game was in Nashville though and not St. Paul :)
Did he score? It may have been an easy open net shortie but that's when dreams become nightmares.
Hokydad
Don't sell Crone short...
He was 4th in the USHL in scoring on a defense first team, Top ten in USHL in goals, 2nd in USHL in shots. Finished USHL with over 110 points
This isn't like he did that in USPHL but did so in USHL
Those are very good numbers and most of the top players came from there
not in the "other" category or 3rd grouping
Curry for example, as an over agenr had 34 points, half what Crone did and Crone could go back for another year
He scores
Agganis
Assuming everyone else stays, it seems like the biggest concern of the team will be finding a quality scoring threat. The first 6 guys are the only players that I'd think have a chance of filling that role. (I think they'll all be solid 8-10 goal guys but I don't forsee any high end forwards on the team for next year) I also included what I think are 2nd tier guys and the last group is guys that will be fighting for time.
TKchuck
Cockerhill
Andren
My guess is it currently looks something like:
Top 6 candidates: Harper, Carpenter, Greenway, Tkachuk, Bowers, Bellows, Crone
3rd line candidates: Olsson, Curry, Cockerill, Melanson, Amonte
4th line/depth: Chabot, Cloonan, Phelps, McDermott, Andren
I don't see the 1st line being as good as it was last year, but depending on how the freshmen (and Melanson) adjust to Hockey East I would expect the bottom 2 lines to be much improved from last year.
defkit
Just ask Patrick Stefan :D:D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bBns6ZUn0U
mookie1995
Yup, curry made it 5 to 2.
I hope everyone's right about crone. But I can't remember the last kid that wasn't drafted that came into BU and produced year one
Has had some contact with NHL teams
BU needs good 4 year guys, not one or two and out
Undrafted freshman Bobo Carpenter was 4th on BU in goals, and had a similar output in his previous USHL season to Crone's this year.
Not saying it will happen, but it can happen.
I'm not saying four year guys don't produce during their careers. I'm just saying they don't produce during their freshman year. Bobo had 16 points in 39 games his freshman year
I know it isn't very recent, but I'm pretty sure Mike Prendergast wasn't drafted, and he started a very solid 4 year career by leading the team in goals (tied with P. Koskimaki if memory serves) as a freshman with 19.
Sean Pickett
I know it isn't very recent, but I'm pretty sure Mike Prendergast wasn't drafted, and he started a very solid 4 year career by leading the team in goals (tied with P. Koskimaki if memory serves) as a freshman with 19.Knowing that Mike's floor for 'producing' is above 16 points I created a spreadsheet (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kG5PXm1x90Tz43KJqujhzRLeNbEBGbFylIJOY06C-N0/edit?usp=sharing)with every Terrier's draft position and freshman scoring since the start of Hockey East in 1984. A quick look shows that only 17 of the 80 freshmen on the list weren't drafted. Still, the list shows that Brandon Fortunato had 1-17-18 in 2014-15, Sahir Gill had 6-19-25 in 2010-11 and Chris Connolly had 10-20-30 in 2008-09.
Rogie21
Tweeted today:
Drew Melanson @Drewfro27 2h2 hours ago
Proud to become an RPI alum today. Thx to @RPIAthletics for the support over the last 3 years. Looking forward to next year @TerrierHockey
https://twitter.com/Drewfro27/status/865982837362749440
srsterrier
If Crone has a career at BU similar to Peter MacArthur's, I'll take that.
I've updated my spreadsheet (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kG5PXm1x90Tz43KJqujhzRLeNbEBGbFylIJOY06C-N0/edit?usp=sharing) of BU freshmen scoring and draft positions with 4 additional sheets: all freshmen 1984-2017, all sophomores 1984-2017, all juniors 1984-2017 and all seniors 1984-2017. I may have missed a draft pick or two if a play was not a BU freshman but transferred ti BU later. Mike Prendergast (19-15-34) is the highest scoring undrafted freshman; Pete MacArthur (14-25-39) is the highest scoring undrafted sophomore; Carl Corazzini (22-20-40) is the highest scoring undrafted junior; and Evan Rodrigues (21-40-61) is the highest scoring undrafted senior.
ericredaxe
Are we only taking about 4 year players here? Eichel would he the highest scoring Un-drafted freshman wouldn't he?
I suppose if you want to be technical. But I think the original premise by Mike was that the player did not get drafted when eligible.
Brady Tkachuk will be in a similar position next season.
Brady Tkachuk will be in a similar position next season.As mentioned, Mike's original post was regarding undrafted players, or as defkit states, players who did not get drafted when eligible. Since Eichel was drafted, even though it was after his freshman season (and everyone knew he was going to be drafted), he is still a Terrier who was drafted. For that same reason I noted the four Terriers taken in the short-lived NHL Supplemental Draft (1986-1994) for college players with SD to indicate they were drafted.
I've updated my spreadsheet (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kG5PXm1x90Tz43KJqujhzRLeNbEBGbFylIJOY06C-N0/edit?usp=sharing) of BU Class scoring and draft positions again. It now includes every season since the start of the NHL Amateur Draft in 1963 and includes both the NHL Supplemental Draft (4 players) and the WHA Amateur Draft (1 player not also selected in the NHL Amateur Draft). All told, 72 of 100 freshmen who scored 17+ points and 149 of 297 freshmen overall were drafted at some point. By class BU has had 149 freshmen*, 140 sophomores, 116 juniors and 84 seniors who have been drafted, while overall 155 of 451 Terriers who have played at BU in the draft era have been drafted.
Mark Fidler (30-35-65) is the highest scoring Terrier freshman to not be drafted; Herb Wakabayashi (16-51-67) and Mike Hyndman (23-44-67) are the highest scoring sophomores to not be drafted; Fred Bassi (35-29-64) and John Danby (28-36-64) are the highest scoring juniors to be drafted; and Rick Meagher (34-46-80) is the highest scoring senior not to be drafted. Meagher (90-120-210) is also the highest career leader in points not to be drafted.
* BU has also had one player who never played a minute for the varsity (according to BU records) who was drafted: Brian O'Connor, listed as a freshman in the 1977-78 media guide.
Interesting read from Fluto's Sunday column:
<i>Boston College and Boston University repeatedly recruit some of the world's best teenagers. The drawback, if you can call it that, of landing top talent is acknowledging their professional flight risks. Clayton Keller signed with Arizona after his freshman season. Charlie McAvoy and Jakob Forsbacka Karlsson became Bruins after staying at BU for two years.
After the 2015-16 season, BC coach Jerry York watched freshmen Zach Sanford and Miles Wood turn pro. Alex Tuch, who has completed his sophomore season, signed with the Wild.
Such first- and second-year departures have not been common at Notre Dame, the school that Anders Bjork might return to for his senior season. It is partly by design.
Fighting Irish coach Jeff Jackson targets recruits lower on the food chain such as Bjork and goalie Cal Petersen, fifth-round selections of the Bruins and Sabres, respectively. Their draft position is one reason neither player considered turning pro earlier in their college careers.
"Bjork's not a first-round pick. Petersen's not a first-round pick," Jackson said of his 2016-17 co-MVPs. "That's probably the biggest reason. I'm getting guys who are fourth- and fifth-round picks. A guy like [Stephen] Johns was a second-rounder, but we're about getting guys who are a little bit less high-profile but still have the drive and determination to be players, and we try to develop them."
One advantage of recruiting second-tier players is the likelihood of them staying in school longer. NHL teams are not as anxious about turning lower-round selections pro.
The Penguins, for example, watched 2010 third-round pick Bryan Rust stay at Notre Dame for four seasons before welcoming him to Wilkes-Barre/Scranton. But Beau Bennett, Pittsburgh's 2010 first-rounder, signed after his sophomore season at the University of Denver.
The longer players stay in school, the deeper connections they usually make with their programs. It's possible Bjork and Petersen have something to prove before moving on. In Notre Dame's last game of the season, Denver laid down a 6-1 hammering in the Frozen Four semifinals. It was similar to Notre Dame's 5-1 loss to UMass Lowell in the Hockey East semis. Nine days later, the Irish qualified for the Frozen Four and won their revenge by ending Lowell's season with a 3-2 overtime decision.
"I wouldn't say we would have beaten Denver. They looked like a team of destiny," Jackson said. "But I think our team was embarrassed by that game before a big crowd of family, friends, and fans. I would certainly hope they learn from that experience and grow from it . . . Frankly, we're on the same course as what Denver was on four years ago. They didn't make the tournament four years ago. They made it three years ago. We got knocked out in the first round last year. This year, we made it to the Frozen Four. This class of upcoming seniors, which Cal and Anders are both part of, it's had the same trajectory Denver had. The big thing is Denver kept their seniors around. They kept guys like Will Butcher around. That certainly bodes well for any team that moves in that level."</i>
And then there is John Cullen, who was drafted by Buffalo, but they didn't sign him, despite 241 career points, so he went to the IHL, won the MVP as a rookie, and played for Pittsburgh and Harford (anyone else?).


Photo provided by Stanimir Morfov.
The Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex is testimony to a medieval civilization and an important pilgrimage destination for Tatar Muslims.
It was the settlement of the Volga Bolgars, which existed between the 7th and the 15th centuries.
Central feature of the site is the (reconstructed) historical mosque. There also are a number of mausoleums.
Visited this site in August 2017 with day-trip on a rented car from Kazan.
The site includes a number of ruins and restored monuments mainly dating back to 13th-14th centuries (however, the site was inhabited since 7th till 15th century).
Interesting that in 922 Bolgar was visited by a mission from Baghdad (well documented) after which Bolgar accepted Islam as official religion. Bolgar was capital of Volga Bolgar civilization at the crossroads of evolving Russian state and Asia.
It is noted in the Unesco assessment that the number of restoration works and interventions is high and it's visible. However, several surviving buildings are quite unusual and interesting architecturally. The site is well maintained, the monuments are labelled with information in Russian, Tatar and English. There is also ongoing archeologoical research and through the fence one could glimpse at 3-4 meter deep excavation works.
There is also mosque called Memorable sign built in 2012 to honour anniversary of Islam acceptance, where the largest Koran in the world is kept (weighing 800 kg).
Brand new museum of Bolgar civilization has a number of artefacts and information, as well as model of the city.
It would take around 2-3 hours to see all the monuments. The overall area was quite touristy and visited by the large groups of locals. Also there is another recreation area with some ruins and museum of bread located around 3 km to the south of main site, which could be of interest as well.
In overall, not an overwhelming site, but still a pleasant historic place, probably the only remaining evidence of a past Volga Bolgar civilization.
It is strange that according to this site Bolgar is one of the least visited WHS in Europe, as the place is very popular during summertime. Probably the reason is that most users are from Western Europe and few of them explore Russia, especially places distant from Moscow or Saint Petersburg.
Bolgar is the most significant remnant of Volga-Bulgarian Kingdom, ruling this part of Europe from X to XIII century. Bolgar was the capital of that kingdom and the place where they took Islam as their religion. It seems that current policy of Tatarstan is to praise local and Islamic elements, so the site was recently largely renovated, however excavation works are not finished yet.
There are many well-preserved buildings in Bolgar, such as several mosques and mausoleums and remainings of Khan's Palace. The site is quite large and to visit all inscribed sites it is necessary to have at least 2-3 hours. You may cut this time significantly by renting a bike (100 rubles per hour) which I did. The whole site is very nice and the view on Volga river banks is really stunning.
Bolgar is located about 180km from Kazan, but getting there during summertime is not an easy task. I tried the speedboat (once per day) but the tickets were sold out for the next five days. Bus tickets from the central station (near the river boat station) were sold up to three days. Fortunately, there was one remaining ticket for that day from south bus station (Yuzhnyi Avtovokzal) located in the southern suburbs of Kazan. I strongly suggest booking the tickets in advance, at least during summer. Rented car is also an option (be not afraid of Tatarstani roads, they are good, but beware of police frequently controlling speed) and even without GPS getting there should be easy - road signs to Bolgar are numerous. There is also possibility to get there from Ulyanovsk, located about 130 km south of Bolgar.
a few different Mausoleums, a courtroom building that became a smokehouse (Black chamber), the White Chambers with its bath installations.There is also a good museum at the new Shipyard.
Exhibits are mostly from the excavations in Bolgar itself.
Work is still going on.
every day.However, they could not provide me with a return ticket.At the end, I was unable to return to Kazan with the speedboat, but had to arrange a shared taxi.
Built in the 10th century: The historical and archaeological complex of Bolgar is a symbolic reminder of the acceptance of Islam by the Volga-Bolgars in 922 AD (Nom File).
Reconstruction regarded as unsatisfactory by UNESCO or ICOMOS: authenticity of the reconstruction of the Great Minaret (2001) & past conservation activities at the property which included reconstructions and partial rebuilding works (Nom File).


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Making every drop count: The future of water storage in California
February 23, 2015 Maven Best of the Notebook, Conferences and Seminars
With $2.7 billion soon to be available from Prop 1, panel discusses how best to spend the available dollars and how to integrate new storage projects into the state's overall water system
Last November, voters approved Proposition 1, which allocated $2.7 billion to pay for public benefits of water storage projects that improve the operation of the state water system, are cost-effective, and provide a net improvement in ecosystem or water quality conditions. A variety of storage projects qualify under the measure, not just surface storage, but also groundwater storage, groundwater contamination projects that provide a storage benefit, and conjunctive use and reservoir reoperation projects.
Per the bond language, the types of public benefits that can be funded through Proposition 1 are ecosystem improvements, water quality improvements, flood control, emergency response, and recreation benefits. No project can receive funding for public benefits that exceeds 50% of the project costs, and of the public benefits that are funded, half must be for ecosystem improvements. In addition, the projects are to 'provide measurable improvements in the Delta ecosystem or to tributaries of the Delta'.
The California Water Commission is currently developing the regulations for determining public benefits, with those regulations being completed and money ready to be disbursed potentially on December 15, 2015.
At December's ACWA conference in San Diego, Lester Snow, Executive Director of the California Water Foundation; Joe Byrne, Chair of the California Water Commission; Jay Lund, Director of Center of Watershed Sciences and adjunct PPIC fellow; and Randy Fiorini, Chair of the Delta Stewardship Council discussed the future of water storage in California, and how those funds should be spent.
Moderator Paul Kelley began by recalling that the path to the recently voter-approved water bond actually began back in water legislation passed in 2009. "There was a bond measure that was included in that particular package; there was also an agreement to reconstitute the Water Commission," he said. "Five years later we have a bond measure that has passed and $2.7 million available in it for water storage."
He acknowledged that the bond contains funding for many other items, but the focus of this panel session would be on how the state can facilitate and integrate current and future water resources and maximize them with storage as a component of that, as well as some of the opportunities for increased storage in California, both above and below ground.
LESTER SNOW, Executive Director of the California Water Foundation
Lester Snow began by saying that we draw a lot of attention to storage issues when there's a drought, but when the reservoirs are full, not so much, and that's the nature of water that we all know. "The Corps of Engineers talks about the political public half-life of the flood being 6 months, and for a drought, it's about two weeks once the reservoirs are filled," he said. "Now we're acutely aware of the need for storage and we're long past the time to add more storage to our system."
"I want to put storage in a broader context," he said. "We need to stop talking about storage as if it's a project. We envision this dam and there's water behind it, but we need to start talking about storage infrastructure as a much broader approach to storing water in the system. We need to be creative in the approach to it. We can't assume that the funding in the bond, the $2.7 billion, is already allocated to projects that we've been talking about for three decades. We need to be creative in how we add storage to our system and that's essential."
The year 2014 has been a special year with the historic drought, the Governor's Water Action Plan which was a very clear articulation of a integrated approach to dealing with the state's water problems, historic groundwater legislation something heretofore people thought impossible, and then the passage of the water bond, he said. "Storage is woven through all of these," he said. "The lack of storage in the first, and the need for storage in the other three."
"The biggest issue is the condition of storage that we have today," he said. "All of them are way below average, and some of them, especially in some of the ag storage facilities are at historic lows in terms of how much water they have in them." He pointed out that there isn't any forecast that says that the drought is going to end anytime soon.
When we talk about storage, it's important to consider how the water infrastructure system in California evolved, he said. "It evolved from the two basic factors that the water occurs up in the mountains and we need it somewhere else, and it occurs very erratically," said Mr. Snow. "So over the years, we developed a system to store that water to carry between wet and dry years and the massive canal systems that cover the entire state. It's the envy of the world in terms of our ability to store water and move water."
California's water system has lost reliability for a number of reasons, such as increasing population, aging infrastructure, groundwater overdraft, degraded ecosystems, increasing conflict, management fragmentation, and uncertainty due to climate change, he said.
"As a society in the U.S., we seem to not want to reinvest in our infrastructure," Mr. Snow said, noting that a piece on the TV show, 60 Minutes, recently highlighted the poor condition of the nation's bridges and the billions of dollars needed to be invested in that alone. "We don't seem to be doing a very good job on that and I don't think we've done a very good job on water. The bond is a down payment to get us started."
Mr. Snow also noted that management fragmentation is an issue. "Reservoirs owned by local agencies, state agencies, and federal agencies make it difficult to coordinate the operation," he said.
Climate change is causing a significant change in our fundamental water flow patterns, as well as our snowpack. "We built a whole system based around snow accumulating and melting slowly, and running off into our reservoirs, and that is changing," he said. "It has been changing for some time."
He then presented a graph of runoff from spring snowmelt in the Sacramento River. "This is the percent of runoff in any given year that occurs as a result of snowpack melting, so this is the April through July runoff and you can see a very steady decline in the percent of the annual runoff that occurs during that period, meaning less snowpack and more runoff as a direct result of rain. The point it it's changing the way our water occurs."
Mr. Snow presented a picture of Lake Oroville in November of 2014 and said, "If all we're going to do is add a couple more reservoirs to the system, they would all look like this today. Every one of them would look like this, that's why we need to think of investing in storage infrastructure."
He then gave four recommendations he termed 'paths' to additional storage:
Focus on long-term carryover storage: "Not just to fill a reservoir and use it next year, but classic annual carry-over. We need to focus on carrying over wet year water to dry years. If all we're doing is bumping yield a little bit, we're not preparing for the kind of drought conditions we're experiencing now, and we're likely to experience in a more severe way in the future."
Coordinated reservoir operations: "We need to deal directly with the fragmentation of operation, local, state, and federal. … We are addressing this in some places, but we need to do a better job of coordinated operations to get the most that we can out of the reservoirs that we have."
Groundwater storage: "We need to do everything we can to encourage groundwater storage. One of the motivations for passing a groundwater bill was to bring a structure in place that would incentivize people to store water in groundwater basins. In some cases if you went to the expense of developing recharge basins, buying surplus water and putting it in the basin, somebody else could pump it out. There needs to be a structure in place that incentivizes getting excess water when it's available, putting it in the basin and holding it for the long term."
Conjunctive management: "How you operate the system together to optimize and in effect maximize the amount of storage that's available, and incentivize people investing in storage projects."
We need to be thinking of storage infrastructure in more integrated ways, he said. "You can't fix the problem that we have by simply building a reservoir, or you would hear some say if we did a better job in conservation, we're going to fix our problem – it's just not true. There has to be a very focused and comprehensive approach to investing in the system," he said.
"While we're here today to talk about the $2.7 billion in the bond, there's other money in the bond that goes to investing in these other kinds of activities," he said. "When you look at the potential yield out of some of the reservoirs that have been talked about for several decades, they pale in comparison to the amount of water we dump into the ocean every year in the form of wastewater, so to simply do a new reservoir and not address our water reuse situation is fool hardy and a waste of money."
"It takes this whole comprehensive approach of investing in the system in all of these different areas, and making sure we've got storage added to the system to get us through these kinds of drought years that we're experiencing," he said.
The drought conditions are likely to continue in 2015, Mr. Snow said. "We're going to continue to have water shortage issues and it's going to rivet our attention," he said. "The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act needs to be implemented. Difficult to pass, very challenging to implement. But there's an opportunity for storage because in fact, effective implementation of the groundwater act requires additional storage, there's no question about that. Implementing the bond in a comprehensive fashion, and something will happen with the BDCP in 2015."
"We're seeing a federal policy shift," he continued. "What potentially worries me about some of the debate I've seen is creating the illusion you can fix California's water problems by lessening some of the environmental protections. That might yield a little piece of water, but we need to invest in the system. We cannot allow that to be an excuse to not invest in infrastructure. For me that means that the federal, state and local governments all need to invest in basic infrastructure."
"So finally, this is the system," he said. "We do divide it up; there's a lot of fragmentation in terms of governance and jurisdictions, but it actually is tied together. There can be benefits that spread to the ecosystem from a groundwater recharge program. We can take our wastewater and recharge groundwater or free up surface water for somebody else to use. We have to invest in this system in a comprehensive way."
JOE BYRNE, Chair of the California Water Commission
Joe Byrne then gave an overview of what was in the water bond in regards to water storage and the role that the California Water Commission will be playing in the process.
"We have the task of trying to figure out the language in the bond, how to interpret that and then how to create a process that is intelligent and satisfies what was desired in the legislation and consistent with the governor's Water Action Plan," he began.
Mr. Byrne said that, besides the water bond, the Commission has other statutory responsibilities, including advising the Director of the Department of Water Resources, issuing a annual report on the State Water Project, and approving all new rules and regulations, as well as being the eminent domain body for the Department. He noted that the Commission recently completed regulations for agricultural water measurement, but the most significant responsibility is the $2.7 billion in the water bond.
The $2.7 billion is to pay for public benefits associated with water storage projects that improve the operation of the state water system, are cost effective, and provide a net improvement in the ecosystem and water quality conditions, and these three conditions must be consistent for any project that is funded, Mr. Byrne said. "We're supposed to create a competitive process that ranks potential projects based on the expected return for the public investment as measured by the magnitude of the public benefit," he said. "So we have to create a way for us to rank projects based upon the public benefits that are submitted in the application."
There are a variety of projects eligible for funding in addition to the CalFed storage projects (which are Sites Reservoir, Temperance Flat Reservoir, and expansion of Los Vaqueros Reservoir). Also eligible for funding from water bond funds are groundwater storage projects, groundwater contamination prevention or remediation projects that provide storage benefits, conjunctive use and reservoir reoperation projects, and local and regional surface storage projects that improve the operation of the state water system, Mr. Byrne noted.
"The water bond language also specifies that all projects that are funded have to 'provide measurable improvements in the Delta ecosystem or to tributaries of the Delta', so one of the things we'll have to figure out is what does that mean and how far afield of the Delta can you be to provide those benefits," Mr. Byrne said.
The public benefits that qualify for funding under the water bond are ecosystem improvements, water quality improvements, flood control benefits, emergency response, and recreational purposes, said Mr. Byrne. He also noted water bond funds cannot pay for more than 50% of the total project costs, and that half of the public benefits must go towards ecosystem improvements.
"As you can see, there's a heavy emphasis on ecosystem improvements, and I think it's consistent with the California Water Action Plan, which is looking at a variety of things and not just my project for me and that's it," he said. "There's going to need to be more to projects than that."
Mr. Byrne said that the money cannot by allocated before December 15, 2016, which is the same date by which the Commission needs to adopt regulations. The regulations are to adopt methods for quantification and management of public benefits, and must be done in consultation with the Department of Fish and Wildlife and the State Water Resources Control Board, he said.
"So I think you're getting a sense of how it's complicated," he said. "We're going to have to figure out what ecosystem improvement is, and we're also going to have to figure out a way for us to quantify and potentially rank projects and look at benefits as against other benefits and come up with a way to weigh them."
"The regulations must include priorities and relative environmental value of ecosystem benefits as provided by the Department of Fish and Wildlife, and also the relative environmental value of water quality benefits as provided by the State Water Board," he said. "And before money flows, according to the bond, there are certain provisions that require that if there are public benefits that are going to be achieved by the project, ultimately contracts will need to be in place with whomever is responsible for ensuring that those benefits take place. … They're going to have to show that those benefits are going to be established and maintained over time."
Over the last four years, the Commission has been working with staff to develop draft regulations which have been posted on the Commission's website since November of 2013, Mr. Byrne said. "We're going to have a very public process over the course of the next year plus," he said. "We hope to have a very public process so that we get input and don't come up with something that then is considered and criticized by folks who maybe haven't been participating, so we're going to be very open and transparent over the course of the next year and a half to figure out what those draft regulations will look like and to develop some of those criteria."
The Commission has already been discussing how to define the various benefits. "Is it a recreation benefit if there's more water in the system so you can fill a public pool? Probably not. Is it a recreation benefit if you're adjacent to a new reservoir? Probably," he said. "You can imagine on the ecosystem improvement side, it gets quite complicated – things like certain types of fish or species and how does it all relate, and how to value those and potentially quantify them is something that we're going to have to figure out. Also we considered that water quality benefits can be ecosystem benefits or it could be some benefits that fit into multiple categories, and that becomes important when you remember that 50% of the public funding is for the ecosystem benefits."
Mr. Byrne said the Department of Fish and Wildlife and the State Water Resources Control Board are supposed to provide them with environmental ecosystem priorities, such as those that provide recovery for endangered species or those that rehabilitate natural processes, or for water quality side, things like temperature improvements or dealing with mercury control.
"We've put these on paper in the draft regulations, but I should emphasize it's very much a draft, and it represents what we've felt at the time was worth putting out to the public and where we were in our thinking," he said. "It's where we're going to pick up once we go back in January."
Monitoring and management of the project is also important, Mr. Byrne said. "In our regulations, we are requiring that there be an operations plan and a reporting a plan, so over the course of time, there's a guarantee of what people are indicating in applications will actually happen, and it needs to be mapped out in the application."
Mr. Byrne said that there are some preliminary details online which gives a good sense of where the thinking is at this point. "Of course, there are a lot of blanks to fill in, and that's what we would welcome the public to attend all of our meetings and to provide that input," he said. "We'll have many, many stakeholder meetings."
"So as you can tell, it's not simple," he said. "My thoughts are that it is very consistent with the Governor's Water Action Plan, which is looking at more of an integrated approach. It's also very consistent with the IRWM movement and the whole regionalization and looking at not just your own project, but looking at overall benefits."
"It is for projects that improve the overall water system," he said. "It doesn't need to be the whole system; it can be a small part of it, but more than just one entity. How is it going to make it work better, and how is it going to help us to address this situation like we are in right now."
"So with that … "
For more information …
For more on the development of regulations for determining the public benefits of water storage projects currently underway at the California Water Commission, go here: Proposition 1 Water Storage Investment Program: Funding the Public Benefits of Water Storage Projects
JAY LUND, Director of the UC Davis Center of Watershed Sciences and adjunct PPIC fellow
Jay Lund began by giving his main points up front:
1. Storage is part of a system with inflows, conveyance, & demands: "Storage is a major part of a big system, and the integrated system aspect of storage in California's water performance is really important," he said. "It's part of a system that not only has storage, but it has inflows, it has conveyance, and it has demands. It has all kinds of demands – lots of different agricultural demands, lots of different urban demands, all in different places, lots of different environmental demands all in different places, recreational demands, hydropower, all those things."
2. Not all storage is equal: "You'll hear lots of people talk about losing 14 million acre-feet of snowpack due to global warming, so we need to build 14 million acre feet of storage someplace," he said. "Anybody have a 14 million acre-foot place that I could dam up? All storage is not equal, and I'm going to give an example of that."
3. Storage without water is useless: "Any of you have had teenagers at home at one point? You have a refrigerator, you may have a large refrigerator, how does food get into that refrigerator? Somebody had to put it in there. A refrigerator without Mom and Dad to put something in there is useless."
4. Storage will be used differently: "We're going to be building more conjunctive use with it, we're going to be doing more multi-benefit activities, we're going to be trying to get more out of the environment in it, and water commission is even going to pay you to do this," he said.
5. Storage decisions should be cold and calculating: "We hear a lot of people talk about storage, either for it or against it, it's kind of a religious issue with people," he said. "I'm the geeky professor; I'm here to say you should be making this decision with a very cold, hard calculation. This is a matter of billions of dollars of the people's money; and we really want to have this be successful, because if we're not successful, we're not going to have more water bonds. Maybe that's good or bad, depending on what side your on, but we have a responsibility to the performance of the system and to the money to do a good job of it."
He then presented a slide with three different figures depicting California water. "I like the middle one myself, which is how most people understand California's water system," Mr. Lund said. "With floods and droughts, people sometimes at least want to have information on the middle. If I'm talking about wastewater, people actually don't want to know."
The map on the right shows the extensive water infrastructure in California, with the different colors indicating the type of entity operating the system: state, federal, or local. "We have to have more integrated systems, but integration is hard," he said. "How easy is it for you to integrate with your neighboring district? Now how about your neighboring district and two other districts, four federal agencies and a couple of state agencies?"
Integration is hard, and we don't make it any easier for ourselves, he said. "How do we make financial transactions and contractual transactions easier with the federal agencies, state agencies, and with neighbors – and some of it is just politics; people have had to deal that with since the times of Ancient Rome."
"Storage moves water in time, just like your refrigerator moves food in time," he said. "We use it to store floods so there isn't flooding, and we use it to store water in the wet seasons so that we have water for dry seasons and water for droughts."
Using the chart of groundwater levels at Galt as an example, he said, "You can see it goes up and down every year, that's what we would call seasonal storage, from wet season to dry season. Then you can see the big long dips that might last several decades, those are droughts – very long refill-drawdown periods."
In terms of water storage capacity in California, Mr. Lund said total capacity of groundwater is estimated at about 140 MAF with some estimates going higher; surface storage is about 42 MAF. "If you take all of the proposed surface storage facilities that are talked about and being studied, they are on the order of 4 of 5 MAF," he said. "This gives you an idea of how much you can expect out of just the storage component by themselves; if you don't leverage it with other things, you're not going to get very much."
"Let's look at the use of storage – groundwater storage and surface water storage," Mr. Lund said. "The lighter color here is seasonal storage; that is how we transfer water from our wet season to our dry season. We use surface storage mostly for that but we use a fair amount of groundwater storage for that, too. When it comes to droughts, we use groundwater more than surface water; when you get more than a two or three year drought, you're relying almost exclusively on groundwater storage to get through that drought."
"So the idea of getting through century-long mega-droughts because you built surface water storage = we modeled those cases, those reservoirs never fill up," he said. "It's groundwater; that's all you got."
He then presented a slide of historical groundwater pumping in the Central Valley. He noted that the majority of pumping has been in the Tulare Basin. "When the new projects have come on, from time to time, it's gone down and then it's come back up," he said. "The Sacramento Valley is getting into pumping more in a bigger way, recently. My window on how California water works is very weird; it's about where my students get hired. I've been noticing a lot of my students getting hired by counties in the Sacramento Valley to do groundwater. They are getting serious about something. You don't hire PhDs for nothing."
"All storage is not equal," Mr. Lund said, quoting Allen Hazen who said, 'With a larger reservoir, there is some increasing gain with further size; but in a diminishing ratio.' He presented a slide, noting that it was a model for the Kern River. "I modeled it as a simple model with today's hydrology and historical hydrology," he said. "You can see if you didn't have any reservoir at all, you could have about 75,000 AF firm yield – water delivery that you would never see shorted in a repeat of the historic record."
"As you increase the storage capacity from 0 to 100, you get quite a bit of increase in the delivery, about 1 for 1 because I can refill that size of a reservoir basically every year, from the wet season to the dry season," Mr. Lund said. "My yield is 1 to 1, but as I build this thing bigger and bigger, I get less and less out of it because I can't hardly refill it. The total average annual inflow for this river is about 500,000 AF per year, so I will never, no matter how big I build the reservoir, ever be able to get more than half a million acre-foot a year of deliveries. Remember, it's like a refrigerator. You have to put something into it before you can get something out of it."
And you don't want to put all the storage in one place, he said. "One of the hard things about California water is most of the very good dam sites that are the most productive for water supply delivery already have pretty substantial reservoirs on them," he said. "So we're getting pretty low yields at a pretty high expense, and we really have to integrate these with other things to get the most bang for the buck."
In the future, storage is going to be used differently, Mr. Lund said. "We're looking at managing cold water for fish," he said. "We're going to be looking at pulse flows for habitat, and maybe trying to make some of those pulse flows also recharge groundwater basins. We'll be doing a lot more regional conjunctive use activities; and statewide conjunctive use where we try to reoperate the Sacramento Valley in conjunction with water storage in the Tulare Basin for uses in other parts of the state, such as the Bay Area and Southern California."
This does create challenges with integration, because the people who control the groundwater basins are different than all those agencies that control the surface water basins and the demand, he said.
"Water markets are very important," he said. "That's one of the most reliable way to persuade someone to behave differently – pay them. We've seen a lot of creativity stimulated by small amount of water markets we have in the system. You don't' actually have everything in the system be a market; if you have maybe 5 or 10% of the water subject to market activity, it's actually enough to make things work pretty well."
He then presented a table showing the value added storage capacity, noting that the table lists the main reservoirs in the state. Using a statewide model with a historical climate and a warmer, drier climate, the model was used to estimate the economic value of additional water storage, considering different levels or urban water conservation, and with full Delta exports and with no Delta exports.
"You can see north of the Delta, if you end water exports, the value of storage north of the Delta goes down," he said. "If you increase water conservation in urban areas statewide, the value of water storage pretty much everywhere goes down a bit, and if you go to warmer, drier climate, the value of storage goes up quite a bit. South of the Delta, as you end water exports, the value of water goes up, because you don't want to lose a single drop down the San Joaquin River."
He noted that the yellow rows are the exceptions. "When you get a drier climate, the value of storage here goes down. Why is that? We don't have enough water to fill them. It's that refrigerator. You went and bought a big refrigerator and then your teenagers left, so you're stuck," he said. "So this shows that all storage is different. It depends on where it is, how big it is, how you operate it, it's all different. It's not just a transferable sum."
Mr. Lund then turned to a pilot study that was released recently. "What we did is we looked at four storage programs: two groundwater storage and two surface water storage, each in the northern and southern parts of Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys; each of these had a storage capacity of 2 MAF," he said. (Click here for the report: Integrating Storage in California's Water System)
The model was used to estimate the ability to use additional storage today, he said. The top chart is for surface storage. "One of the things we found interesting was that with Sacramento Valley storage and 2 MAF of capacity, we used the surface storage all the time, but in the San Joaquin Valley, with a repeat of the whole historic record, we could only use it really at the most 1 MAF in one episode, so it's hard to fill storage if you don't have water."
The chart on the bottom is for groundwater. "With groundwater, it was even more of a stark difference," he said. "We could use all the extra groundwater storage capacity in Sacramento Valley, but look at the San Joaquin Valley. All that empty groundwater space they have up there from decades of overdraft and we can't get any water into it. There's nobody putting food into the refrigerator."
"What limits the ability to store water in the south is Delta conveyance capacity, so we looked at storage utilization with BDCP-ish Delta conveyance, because who knows what it would really be in the end," he said. "If you increase Delta conveyance capacity, the Sacramento storage utilization is basically the same, but in the San Joaquin, you can now use quite a bit more surface water storage capacity and a bit more groundwater, but not a lot. Here, the limitation was not Delta conveyance or storage capacity, but the ability to recharge groundwater. We had been relying entirely on in-leiu groundwater recharge."
"So with an integrated model, we have more elaborate ways of recharging groundwater, more storage, Delta conveyance improvements, and integrated operations of surface water and groundwater, and now we're able to more to utilize the Sac Valley storage, still basically the same, but in the San Joaquin Valley, you can see the groundwater storage moves up quite a bit."
"One thing I found really interesting is that really under any of these cases, you can't use anymore than about 5 or 6 MAF of additional storage capacity – surface storage and groundwater – in the main part of the system," Mr. Lund said. "So the hopeful sign about this is after the $2.7 billion, if you use it to build 3 – 5 MAF of storage, we're never going to need to do this again, because there just isn't water to fill anymore. So I think that's a nice limit to know about."
"And the amount of water delivery you get out of that, you can calculate also, and the top of the range is about 1.4 MAF, but often a lot of that is from the improvements on the conveyance rather than just the storage," he added.
Dr. Lund then concluded with his main points. "Integration is hard. We're always talking about integration, we're not really setting ourselves up to be able to do it, but it's really important. So storage requires a system of inflows, conveyance and demands , not all storage is equal, storage without water is useless, storage will be used differently, and water storage decisions should be cold and calculating."
Click here for the report: Integrating Storage in California's Water System
Click here for post from the California Water Blog on this report: Shaping Water Storage in California
RANDY FIORINI: Chair of the Delta Stewardship Council
"I think my job as the fourth presenter is to affirm everything that these three gentlemen have presented," Randy Fiorini began. "I am in agreement."
"Lester Snow did a good job of providing a historical overview and emphasizing the need for storage infrastructure, and as we look towards the future, a key role for storage is going to be implementing groundwater replenishment projects, so he touched on that very well," he said. "Joe Byrne talked about the need to develop procedures to spend $2.7 billion. One of the big roles of the water commission is going to be managing expectations. We know from a survey that was conducted last March that there is a lot of pent up demand in the regional and local areas to do more projects, to add storage capacity, and as well as the ongoing long-term CalFed project studies, so they are going to have an interesting time managing how to distribute that money."
"Jay Lund is always very entertaining and talked I think presents some realistic expectations and limits on what storage can and cannot do," he said.
Mr. Fiorini said that the Delta Stewardship Council was created 6 years ago as a new state agency to help coordinate the activities of numerous state, federal, and local agencies. "Implementation and coordination is a big part of what we do," he said. "To guide that work, we were tasked by the legislature to create a plan. That plan was adopted in May of 2013 and is called the Delta Plan. Some of the findings in the compilation of this Delta Plan indicated that to achieve the coequal goals of water supply reliability for the state and a healthy restored ecosystem in the Delta. There are a number of things that needed to be done."
Mr. Fiorini pointed out that in 2000, Cal Fed identified five potential storage projects; two of which are still under study, yet during that same period of time, Los Vaqueros Reservoir was enlarged and Diamond Valley Reservoir was built. "What's the difference?" he said. "The difference is there were local champions, so as we move forward with whatever investments we make in storage in California, it will require a local champion, an agency or a group of agencies that are going to do the hard work to do the proper planning and go through the permitting process because without that, it just will not happen, and that's a key component."
Mr. Fiorini then shared some of his ideas on storage. "In terms of on-stream storage, we probably have all we're going to get in terms of facilities on rivers, but there are some opportunities that exist within those facilities that are in place," he said. "I'm familiar with the east side of the San Joaquin Valley, and there are a number of reservoirs, a couple that come to mind, that aren't operating at full capacity because of seismic concerns and others; those are opportunities to not only improve but to enlarge the capacity of existing facilities. You already have the conveyance, you've already addressed dead pool because it already exists, so enlarging reservoirs that already exist seem to me to be a very efficient way to address additional storage needs."
"Off-stream storage is probably the most likely area where we will see new development, both above ground and below ground; it will also be a very integral part of facilitating groundwater recharge," Mr. Fiorini said. "Additional investments are going to have to be made in flood flow captures, creating basins for groundwater recharge, building infrastructure to connect to adjacent districts who have surface water and surface water that's available in times of surplus to utilize, but these are perhaps areas where some of the bond funds can be utilized."
"We need a statewide plan; additional storage will be an integral part of helping to address the coequal goals," he said. "There's probably not many places that are more dependent on surface water storage and those releases than the Delta. The Delta depends upon freshwater supplies, largely from releases from upstream reservoirs. It depends on water stored for salinity control. The drought has really sharpened focus on how important that water storage is, and when we don't have it, how critical things can get."
We need to find a way to streamline permitting, Mr. Fiorini said. "Any time you have something to build in California where there is local, regional, or statewide significance, it requires a lot of permits," he said. "I come from a farming background and a business background, and I look at this with somewhat of a disappointed view towards our permitting process for water projects. They are designed to protect, but sometimes I think the way it all rolls out, it's almost designed to prohibit. We have to find a way to consolidate the permitting process for this $2.7 billion plus additional funds that will be spent in the next ten years to help streamline this to get projects done that need to get done in an efficient yet environmentally friendly manner."
"The last item I will throw out is that if we could predict what the weather is going to be in six months, we could operate this system a lot better and so my challenge to the science community is help us come up with better long range accurate weather forecasting," he said. "Currently, I tell people anything beyond 3 days is a guess, but I think we have the technology and the brain power to do better than that, and that would certainly help to maximize a little greater efficiency out of the existing system that we all depend upon."
"And so with that … "
Audience questions and answers
An audience member asked Joe Byrne how groundwater storage would meet recreation and ecosystem improvement goals?
"The general criteria are what they are, and we're going to do our best to eliminate what is very obviously not included, or shouldn't be included," he said. "It will be open to the applicants to present projects and hopefully we've provided enough clarity, but I'm sure there are many examples of groundwater projects that can help with water quality and ecosystem improvements. You're going to have to meet the criteria, especially the 50% ecosystem improvement criteria if you want to get funding."
Moderator Paul Kelly added some ideas. "Some of the things that people have contemplated is that having a groundwater storage project would allow an irrigation district to curtail surface diversions during critical fish periods because now they have additional surface storage, so you can get the fisheries benefits or ecosystem benefits by operating your groundwater storage to curtail diversions you would not have otherwise been able to curtail. There may be some theories – I don't know how the commission would look at this, of being able to maintain a higher elevation for recreational purposes through the same method."
An audience member commented that he hoped that the state in the future will provide greater funding and interest for recycled water storage. "Our water district and other water districts that have rather large recycled water systems are running into problems because we produce recycled water 24/7, but the demand is higher in the hot months and less in the winter, so we don't have enough storage capacity to meet all of our needs throughout the whole year. If we're looking at a potential reservoir that we could convert and enlarge, I don't think it would fit all the criteria that the bond money has, but in the future, I hope the state will give greater recognition that if you have greater storage for recycled water, then we can reduce the amount of water we have to move through the Delta or bring in from the Colorado River to meet our needs."
"We need to move away from what we've been thinking for decades and start being very creative on how we can bring storage to the system, and I couldn't agree with you more about investing to take greater advantage of our wastewater," said Lester Snow. "We have a three year drought, and during that three year drought, we pumped a little over 4 MAF of watstewater into the ocean. Wouldn't we like to have that 4 MAF now? I think so, so we've got to make sure we're going things to facilitate that."
Make a tax-deductible donation to Maven's Notebook today and help make an impact on California water in 2015!
One comment	ACWA, water storage
Don Wood
One key way to increase California's water supply is to radically reconfigure the state's sewerage system, addressing both waste water repurification and storm water harvesting. Every drop of storm water that falls on California should be valued enough to capture and store it, instead of being routed out to sea as quickly as possible using our existing storm water sewerage infrastructure. Every drop of water that falls not only should be captured and stored, but should be repurified after it becomes wastewater, in some sort of regional water recycling model that reuses water for multiple potable purposes, before using it for ag irrigation.


text:
Hentziectypus globosus is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in North America.

References

External links

Theridiidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Spiders described in 1850
Spiders of North America


text:
Q: not able to set value using super().x
I'm not able to set value to class variable in parent class but able to print it.It is saying attribute doesn't exist even when i am able to print it.
CODE:
class Base(object):
    x=20

class Derived(Base):

    def __init__(self):
        print(super().x)
        super().x=80

obj=Derived()

A: A Derived is a Base, i.e. all instances of Derived can be treated exactly like instances of Base. In your case, that means you simply set self.x = 80.


Reynolds lives near Owensboro, Kentucky, with his wife Susan and three sons. His children have been a source of inspiration for Real Science Programs. "All three of my sons are interested in science and I get ideas from them that I use in my programs".


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text:
Q: How to merge data into python how would I  to merge data into python?
I need to merge data based on the date column, where the dates were the same, where I would have as input:
83423;01/06/2006;0000; ;30.5;  ;22.7;53.75;

83423;01/06/2006;1200;0;    ;16;    ;     ;

and the exit:
83423;01/06/2006;1200;0;30.5;16;22.7;53.75

How to merge?
Thanks

A: try to understand your question, as far as I can do now...
df = pandas.read_csv('your file name',sep=';', header=None)
df = df.groupby([1]).mean().reset_index()

then pick the column you need.


text:
Great Britain : en
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Privacy Policy Guest
Privacy and rules for BU AM guests
Rules for BU AM guests when visiting brembo
1. It's forbidden to take either pictures or videos inside Brembo Plants/Buildings.
2. It's forbidden to use mobile phones to call/chat during the visit (during the tour free moments as well as the use of mobile phone are foreseen).
3. For safety reasons, it's mandatory to respect the pedestrian itinerary identified in the visit areas and to use the Individual Protection Devices where foreseen.
4. For safety reasons, a proper dress code and closed shoes are required (avoid: shorts, tank tops, flip flops, slippers, heels…).
5. It's forbidden to touch the products shown.
6. A right behavior is required, in relationship to the location visited.
7. Persons younger than 18 years old are interdicted to enter.
8. Animals are not allowed.
N.B.: Brembo reserves its right to immediately either to stop or to cancel the visit in case some of the above mentioned rules are not respected
Privacy notice on personal data processing
Pursuant to article 13 of the EU Regulation 2016/679 on personal data protection
Brembo S.p.A. ( hereinafter "Company" or "Brembo"), as data controller, would like to inform you that, pursuant to Article 13 of Regulation (EU) No. 679/2016 on the protection of personal data 1, the personal data that you provide us, as Data Subject, shall be processed in accordance with the applicable statutes and contractual provisions for the following purposes.
1. Type of personal data
a) Identification and contact details (such as, for example purposes, name, surname, company you work for, phone number);
b) Passport or identity card.
2. Purposes of processing
To allow you to participate to the initiative organized by Brembo Business Unit After Market and let Brembo organize and manage all related activities / events;
To control the access to Brembo areas and premises, for safety aims, for safeguarding the Company's assets, for managing the fulfillments related to the prevention of corporate criminal liability (Italian law D.Lgs 231/2001).
3. Nature of the data and type of processing
The collection of the data of the Data Subject is a requirement for the above purposes and, failing this, it becomes impossible for you to participate to the event. The legal basis for processing is therefore the performance of the contract, the compliance with a legal obligation 2, the legitimate interest pursued by the Company to safeguard it assets, its guests and allow them to participate to the initiative.
Your personal data shall be processed by Brembo S.p.A. and its, primarily by the Business Unit After Market and by the personnel in charge for physical safety and access control, using automated and manual systems, according to the principles of lawfulness, fairness and transparency provided for in applicable legislation on the protection of personal data, and with the adoption of technical and organizational measures appropriate to ensuring an adequate level of security.
4. Retention of data
All data shall be retained in accordance with applicable legislation for the entire period necessary to achieve the purposes set out above. Specifically, data shall be retained, starting from the date of their acquisition, as follows:
a) as regards data referred to in item 1 a), for a maximum period of 30 years, where significant with reference to the fulfillments linked to the prevention of corporate criminal liability;
b) as regards data referred to in item 1 b), for a period of 30 days.
5. Disclosure, dissemination and transfer of data
Part of all of your personal data may be processed by third parties, as independent data controllers, such as for example purposes but not limited to, travel agencies for the organization of the initiative (transportation, room and board) and the issuance of possible visa, where necessary, or a Brembo partner, should the initiative include the visit of its areas.
Brembo relies on third parties to provide certain services that entail the processing of the personal data discussed above, including IT system management and maintenance services. These entities act in accordance with instructions from Brembo in the capacity of data processors under specific contractual agreements. A list of these entities is available by request through the channels indicated below.
Your data may also be disclosed to other Brembo Group companies, including investees and subsidiaries based both within and outside the European Union (an up-to-date list of which is available from Brembo's institutional website), where necessary for communication purposes and to complete the presentation of Brembo S.p.A. In such cases involving transfers outside the European Union, Brembo undertakes to ensure levels of protection and safeguards, contractual or otherwise, that are considered adequate under applicable legislation, including the use of standard contractual clauses. Your personal data shall not be disseminated.
6. Data processing for video surveillance purposes
On completion of the simplified information notice published by means of the warning signs placed closed to the monitored areas, Brembo provides the following further information.
The registration of the footage, performed by means of the video cameras, is aimed to protect the safety of the employees and of the persons that access the premises and the bordering areas and to protect the Company's goods and assets from unlawful behaviors.
The access or the transit of the data subject, for example, in bordering areas of our premises, at the entrance, etc., entails necessarily the registration of their images. This data processing is based in the legitimate interest of the controller of safeguarding and protecting, as explained above, as provided by the Italian supervisory authority by means of the Act on video surveillance dated April 8th 2010 (doc. web n.1712680).
The registered footages are deleted within 24 hours, except for a longer period eventually necessary for fulfilling a specific request from the judicial authority or the law enforcement agencies.
The registered footages will be processed only by the personnel authorized for this task. The registered footages will not be disseminated, except for specific request by the judicial authority or the law enforcement agencies or for the use in judicial proceeding, in case of crimes.
You may exercise the rights provided for in Regulation (EU) No. 679/2016 (Articles 15-21) in respect of the processing of your data described herein. Such rights include the right to:
obtain confirmation as to whether your personal data exist or not (right of access);
update, amend and/or rectify your personal data (right of rectification);
obtain the erasure or restriction of processing of personal data which have been processed unlawfully, including data which do not need to be kept for the purposes for which they were collected or subsequently processed (right to be forgotten and right to restriction of processing);
object to the processing of personal data pursuant to Regulation (EU) 679/2016 (right to object);
withdraw consent, where granted, without prejudice to the lawfulness of processing based on the consent granted prior to withdrawal;
obtain a copy of the data concerning you in an electronic format and request that the data be transmitted to another controller (right to data portability).
To exercise these rights, or to request additional information concerning this policy statement, you may contact the Data Protection Officer (DPO) by e-mail at privacy.italy@brembo.it or the Controller at the addresses provided below.
You may also lodge a complaint with the supervisory authority in the event of a breach of the provisions on the protection of personal data.
8. Identity and contact details of the Controller and contact details of the Data Protection Officer
The Controller is Brembo S.p.A., with registered office in Curno, via Brembo 25 - 24035, telephone number +39.035.6052111, in the person of its pro-tempore Legal Representative.
The Data Protection Officer may be contacted at the address privacy.italy@brembo.it.
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Lake Region Medical:What's it like to work here?
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Graphic Novels Indie Marvel Comics DC Image
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John Reppion
All Series1-16 of 16
The Complete Alice In Wonderland
'What is the use of a book,' thought Alice, 'without pictures or conversations!' Following up on the success of The Complete Dracula, and Sherlock Holmes, Dynamite presents The Complete Alice In Wonderland. For the first time ever Lewis Carroll's classics, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass with 'The Wasp in a Wig,' the 'lost chapter' (from the Looking-Glass) are adapte
Complete Dracula
Dynamite presents an unprecedented comic book series that tells the complete story of the Lord of the Undead--Dracula! For the first time in 112 years the tale that Bram Stoker intended to tell is told (including 'Dracula's Guest'!). If you thought you knew how it began or how it ends, you were wrong! Writers John Reppion and Leah Moore are joined by painter Colton Worley for a 5 issue odyssey of
Conspiracy of Ravens
Teen schoolgirl Anne unexpectedly inherits a mysterious locket and a crumbing English mansion estate from her long-lost aunt. She unearths the family secret that she's part of a magical legacy that gives her fantastic abilities, and she isn't the only girl whose family is involved. But not all the girls are so willing to use their new powers for good... From the writers of Albion and Wild Girl
Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, The Little Mermaid, and Snow White come together with other damsels in a new adventure filled with danger and intrigue. In Damsels, the alluring princesses of classic fairy tales take up arms to save their kingdoms from war. Rediscover the darkness at the heart of fairy tales and why they'll be no happily ever after. Damsels opens with Rapa wishing she had not got
Damsels: Giant Killer
Queen Jacquelyn of Villeneuve is a benevolent ruler, a loving mother, a devoted wife, and a woman with a monstrous score to settle. Set more than a century before the events of Damsels, this gigantic one-shot tells the tale of one woman's quest for ultimate revenge. By sword, or by sorcery, all shall be slain.
The Darkness vs. Eva: Daughter of Dracula
Top Cow and Dynamite are at it again, this time pitting The Darkness against the ass-kicking daughter of Dracula (and slayer of all things evil and undead) - Eva, as the two meet for the first time ever! While Eva hunts the streets, slaying the undead and unclean among a marked increase in paranormal activity, Jackie Estacado is having a bit of a problem with both his Darkness Darklings as stra
Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor Archives
The legendary Doctor Who is back. The Doctor is the last of the Time Lords, survivors of a Great Time War and, along with his loyal friend and companion Martha Jones from London, they stop oppression, darkness and evil spreading throughout the galaxies...
Mike Raicht's Creature Feature
Th3rd World Studio's presents Creature Feature, a double-sized Drive-In grind-house shotgun-blast-to-the-face horror movie experience! Each issue is 48 pages in length, with three-and-a-half scintillating tales of monstrous horror, done right by top industry veterans, including: CB Cebulski, Chris Yost, Andy Schmidt, Stuart Moore, Leah Moore, John Reppion and Brian Smith. -- Over the top and gr
Raise the Dead
Dynamite enters the land of the dead with an all-new Zombie tale set in the middle of a full scale zombie infestation! This time though, there's a twist as Dynamite puts the "living" into the living dead!
Raise the Dead II
Dynamite's hit series RAISE THE DEAD returns with an all-new tale of undead debauchery! The zombie infestation continues unchecked and only a handful of survivors fight for their lives against the rising tide of undead mayhem. Will these poor souls find hope in the small coastal town of Alfredo Bay or has that word died along with most everything else in this post apocalyptic nightmare? RAISE THE
Savage Tales
Each issue of the bi-monthly Savage Tales will feature a rotating cast of characters and creators featuring the savage and brutal worlds of Red Sonja and the Hunter, Cthulu and the Old Ones, Gleaming Atlantis and much, much more! Issue #1 is led by Part One of a special Red Sonja story from Ron Marz and Adriano (NBSG: ZAREK) Batista! Savage Tales also features: * Gleaming Atlantis from writers Lea
Sci-Fi & Horror - SelfMadeHero
Award-winning science fiction and horror from British and international creators
Continuing their new exploration of literary icons, Dynamite Entertainment presents the ultimate mystery as they unveil Sherlock Holmes! Written by Leah Moore and John Reppion with reverence and a modern edge, artist Aaron Douglas completes the Victorian mood under the striking and iconic John Cassaday covers. Issue #1 begins the 'Trial of Sherlock Holmes' which presents the great detective with a
Sherlock Holmes: The Vanishing Man
Michael Williams is a family man. A reliable man at both work and home. When he disappears, there are no clues left behind. Now, it is up to Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson to find out what happened to him and what danger may be lurking around every corner, in the case of The Vanishing Man!
Space Doubles
Space Doubles - a retro-double feature showcasing some of the hottest/upcoming talent in comics - is presented in two parts with each half telling an original sci-fi tale ranging from alien invasions to space flight to just about everything in between. This issue features 'Project Obeah' and 'Red Rain' by Mike Raicht (Deadworld: Frozen Over and Marvel's MAX Zombie). Moore's tale is set against the
Witchblade: Shades of Gray
Shrouded in mystery, the Witchblade has known many friends and many foes in its long history, but it has never faced such a mystery as the troubled Dorian Gray! Now, the two meet in a special DYNAMITE/TOP COW CROSSOVER EVENT! In the first issue, we follow Detective Sara Pezzini and her new rookie partner as they race to stop a murdering madman. Waiting and watching in the shadows is the enigmatic


text:
/*
 * lambda.h
 *
 *  Created on: Jan 13, 2015
 *      Author: radoslav
 */

#ifndef LAMBDA_H_
#define LAMBDA_H_

#include "value.h"
#include "compound.h"
#include "identifier.h"
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <string>

class Lambda: public Value
{
	std::vector<Identifier> signature;
	Statement* body;

	void copy(const Lambda&);
	void destroy();

public:
	Lambda(): Value(VALUE_LAMBDA) {}
	Lambda(const char*&);
	Lambda(const Lambda&);
	Lambda& operator=(const Lambda&);
	~Lambda();

	Lambda* clone() const { return new Lambda(*this); }

	std::vector<Identifier>::const_iterator getSignatureIterator() const { return signature.begin(); }
	std::vector<Identifier>::const_iterator getSignatureEndIterator() const { return signature.end(); }
	const Statement* getBody() const { return body; }
};

#endif /* LAMBDA_H_ */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Oxnevad is the founder and CEO of SIMTANO™ , Inc, formerly Concurrent Design Laboratories (CDL). SIMTANO™ uses "The Eight Principles of Concurrent Design" and the "People, Process, and Tools – Model™ to improve the work-processes for its corporate clients. These methodologies were developed over the last 12 years through Oxnevad's research and implemented and tested at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory – California Institute of Technology.
Oxnevad worked there from 1996 to 2005. During his tenure at JPL, he set up and led state-of-the-art concurrent design teams – Next generation Project Development Teams - the NPDT's both at JPL and other NASA centers. These teams performed advanced studies of space payloads, satellites, and surface/subsurface systems. One of his design teams developed rover and lander missions beyond 2010 for Mars, the Moon and other celestial bodies.
Oxnevad received his Ph.D. from Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA in 1996, where he proposed a new design approach for spacecraft." In 2000, he defined and published "The Eight Principles of Concurrent Design," enabling radical changes in current design process approaches. He is a graduate of International Space University, chaired the New Design Paradigms Workshops, and ran the Design Process Improvement (DPI) Project within the NASA Engineering Training (NET) office. He has published 10 papers and given more than 30 talks at institutions and conferences in the USA, Europe, and Japan on the topics of concurrent design and design process improvements. He has received international awards for his work, and consults through SIMTANO™ national and international institutions on design/work process improvements.
The Next generation Payload Development Team (NPDT) -Small Discovery Spacecraft, Included in the Computerworld – Smithsonian (D.C.) Permanent Collection on the IT Revolution, San Francisco, April 8, 2001.
4.	Computer Accelerated Conceptual Design Development of Spacecraft, Second Lunar Development Conference: Return to the Moon II, Habitat Session, Las Vegas, Nevada, July 20-21, 2000.
6.	A Total Systems Analysis Method, for The Conceptual Design of Spacecraft: An Application to Remote Sensing Imager Systems, Old Dominion University, Ph.D. Dissertation, advisor Dr. Laurence D. Richards, May 1996.


text:
Yale & Valor was a company in Birmingham that manufactured locks and gas fires. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange.

History
In 1890, the Valor Company Ltd. was formed in Birmingham for manufacturing oil storage cabinets.  Later it diversified into paraffin and subsequently gas heaters. The company merged with the Yale Lock Company becoming Yale & Valor in 1987 and then with Myson plc in 1989. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange from 1989 to 1991.

The company was bought by Williams Holdings in September 1991, and subsequently spun off with the other brands to form Newmond plc in August 1996. The Valor brand is now owned in Europe by Baxi Group Ltd, (formed by the merger of Baxi Holdings Plc and Newmond plc) and the Yale Lock Company is now a subsidiary of Assa Abloy.

The right to design and manufacture Valor branded products in North America, as of 2001, is controlled by Miles Industries Ltd. a Canadian privately owned firm.

See also
 Yale-Cady Octagon House and Yale Lock Factory Site

References

Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands
Manufacturing companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands
Manufacturing companies established in 1890
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1991
1890 establishments in England
1991 disestablishments in England