text:
namespace Merchello.Core.Persistence.Repositories
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Linq;

    using Merchello.Core.Models;
    using Merchello.Core.Models.EntityBase;
    using Merchello.Core.Models.Rdbms;
    using Merchello.Core.Persistence.Factories;
    using Merchello.Core.Persistence.Querying;
    using Merchello.Core.Persistence.UnitOfWork;

    using Umbraco.Core;
    using Umbraco.Core.Cache;
    using Umbraco.Core.Logging;
    using Umbraco.Core.Persistence;
    using Umbraco.Core.Persistence.Querying;
    using Umbraco.Core.Persistence.SqlSyntax;

    /// <summary>
    /// The ship method repository.
    /// </summary>
    internal class ShipMethodRepository : MerchelloPetaPocoRepositoryBase<IShipMethod>, IShipMethodRepository
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ShipMethodRepository"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="work">
        /// The work.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="cache">
        /// The cache.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="logger">
        /// The logger.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="sqlSyntax">
        /// The SQL syntax.
        /// </param>
        public ShipMethodRepository(
            IDatabaseUnitOfWork work,
            IRuntimeCacheProvider cache,
            ILogger logger,
            ISqlSyntaxProvider sqlSyntax)
            : base(work, cache, logger, sqlSyntax)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a <see cref="IShipMethod"/> by it's key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key">
        /// The key.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The <see cref="IShipMethod"/>.
        /// </returns>
        protected override IShipMethod PerformGet(Guid key)
        {
            var sql = GetBaseQuery(false)
               .Where(GetBaseWhereClause(), new { Key = key });

            var dto = Database.Fetch<ShipMethodDto>(sql).FirstOrDefault();

            if (dto == null)
                return null;

            var factory = new ShipMethodFactory();
            return factory.BuildEntity(dto);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets all <see cref="IShipMethod"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="keys">
        /// The keys.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The <see cref="IEnumerable{IShipMethod}"/>.
        /// </returns>
        protected override IEnumerable<IShipMethod> PerformGetAll(params Guid[] keys)
        {
            if (keys.Any())
            {
                foreach (var key in keys)
                {
                    yield return Get(key);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                var factory = new ShipMethodFactory();
                var dtos = Database.Fetch<ShipMethodDto>(GetBaseQuery(false));
                foreach (var dto in dtos)
                {
                    yield return factory.BuildEntity(dto);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a collection of <see cref="IShipMethod"/> by query.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="query">
        /// The query.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The <see cref="IEnumerable{IShipMethod}"/>.
        /// </returns>
        protected override IEnumerable<IShipMethod> PerformGetByQuery(IQuery<IShipMethod> query)
        {
            var sqlClause = GetBaseQuery(false);
            var translator = new SqlTranslator<IShipMethod>(sqlClause, query);
            var sql = translator.Translate();

            var dtos = Database.Fetch<ShipMethodDto>(sql);

            return dtos.DistinctBy(x => x.Key).Select(dto => Get(dto.Key));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the base SQL clause.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="isCount">
        /// The is count.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The <see cref="Sql"/>.
        /// </returns>
        protected override Sql GetBaseQuery(bool isCount)
        {
            var sql = new Sql();
            sql.Select(isCount ? "COUNT(*)" : "*")
                .From<ShipMethodDto>(SqlSyntax);

            return sql;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the base where clause.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// The <see cref="string"/>.
        /// </returns>
        protected override string GetBaseWhereClause()
        {
            return "merchShipMethod.pk = @Key";
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the list of delete clauses.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// The <see cref="IEnumerable{String}"/>.
        /// </returns>
        protected override IEnumerable<string> GetDeleteClauses()
        {
            // TODO : RSS - The update in the middle of these delete clauses needs to be refactored - just a quick fix for now
            var list = new List<string>
            {
                "DELETE FROM merchShipRateTier WHERE shipMethodKey = @Key",
                "UPDATE merchShipment SET shipMethodKey = NULL WHERE shipMethodKey = @Key",
                "DELETE FROM merchShipMethod WHERE pk = @Key"
            };

            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Saves a new item to the database.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">
        /// The entity.
        /// </param>
        protected override void PersistNewItem(IShipMethod entity)
        {
            // assert a shipmethod does not already exist for this country with this service code
            var query =
                Querying.Query<IShipMethod>.Builder.Where(
                    x => x.ShipCountryKey == entity.ShipCountryKey && x.ServiceCode == entity.ServiceCode);

            if(GetByQuery(query).Any()) throw new ConstraintException("A Shipmethod already exists for this ShipCountry with this ServiceCode");

                ((Entity)entity).AddingEntity();

            var factory = new ShipMethodFactory();
            var dto = factory.BuildDto(entity);

            Database.Insert(dto);

            entity.Key = dto.Key;

            entity.ResetDirtyProperties();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Saves an existing item to the database.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">
        /// The entity.
        /// </param>
        protected override void PersistUpdatedItem(IShipMethod entity)
        {
            ((Entity)entity).AddingEntity();

            var factory = new ShipMethodFactory();
            var dto = factory.BuildDto(entity);

            Database.Update(dto);

            entity.ResetDirtyProperties();
        }
    }
}


The Omega Steel Building offers a great cost effective solution for Valeting centres, whether at Main Dealers for leading manufactures or the more local service. Our light weight construction, automated design/detailing and reduced ground works, bring our building to a budget that meets the lower capital expenditure budget for such solutions.
Omega Valeting Buildings are available with roller shutter door, personnel access doors, window openings and anti-condensation treatment. We can accommodate most requirements.
The exterior is generally steel clad, however we can work with other options if required.


Give some homebrewed love to the brewer in your life. Give them a Beverage Elements homebrew gift certificate.
It's the ultimate gift for the homebrew enthusiast, and the perfect way to shop for that special someone even if you don't know a keg from a cylinder.
Chose any amount you like, enter it above, and put it in your cart.
When you check out, you'll see a place where you can choose to send the store credit to another email address, or to yourself.
Choose "gift store credit to someone else," enter the email address of the lucky recipient, and attach a personal message. It'll be sent directly to them.
Choose "send store credit to me" if you'd like to get the code yourself.
Either way, you're now a homebrew hero. One size fits all. Bonus: you'll drink the finished product (if you're lucky).


Less than a week from tonight, New York Dolls frontman David Johansen will be playing a star-studded tribute to Howlin' Wolf guitarist Hubert Sumlin at the Apollo Theater alongside legends like Eric Clapton, Keith Richards and Elvis Costello.
A longtime friend of Sumlin, playing along with Clapton and Richards on Sumlin's final album, "About Them Shoes", Johansen says the show was originally booked as a Sumlin concert before he died in New Jersey in December at the age of 80.
The show, being held next Feb. 24 in Harlem, has since morphed into a benefit for the Jazz Foundation of America and in appreciation of the influential blues man.
Luckily for area Johansen fans who didn't have the $150-$1,000 for tickets to the show, the man who once morphed from a protopunker to his eclectic alter-ego Buster Poindexter will perform in Arden Saturday night. And the price of a ticket is a bit more manageable at $25 a pop.
In between tours with the New York Dolls — they re-formed in 2006 and released a softer album called "Dancing Backward in High Heels" last year — Johansen likes to do a couple solo shows a week "just to be able to sing, which is what I do," he says.
For this weekend's show at the Gild Hall (2126 The Highway) — a show concert promoters have been angling three years to land — Johansen will be accompanied by Brian Koonin on guitar, who has played the New York Dolls, led the Buster Poindexter band and also performed in Johansen's other band, the folkier Harry Smiths.
He says his set will be a mixture of material from across this 40-year career, including songs from his solo work, Dolls songs that are "ballady that we never really play on stage," Harry Smiths tunes and even one or two from his Buster Poindexter years.
"It's all different kinds of stuff and then some others that aren't from any of those places," he says.
In between touring and recording — he's perhaps eyeing a new solo album soon, his first since 2002's "Shaker" and is planning a summer tour with the Dolls — Johansen unloads his diverse musical knowledge on his own SiriusXM Radio show, "David Johansen's Mansion Of Fun," which airs Sundays at noon on The Loft.
Lured to the job by longtime rock DJ Meg Griffin, Johansen quickly grew into the role, the first time he had a radio show. Each week, he turns his fans and listeners onto music that he loves — music that is hard to find unless you know where to look.
Focusing strictly on the songs is what Johansen is all about — even during his 10-year Poindexter era that began in 1987 and was buoyed the novelty smash hit "Hot, Hot, Hot," the video for which became an MTV staple in the late '80s.
"I began that at a little saloon called Tramps in New York and I was originally going to do that for four Mondays and it just kind of took off there. Soon, I was doing the weekends and lo and behold we made a record and that was popular," he says. "We were playing a lot of great music. It's just like what I do with the radio show: it's all about songs.


text:
NY State to Make it Easier for Low-Income Community College Students to Get SNAP (formerly called Food Stamp) Benefits
Advocates Praise Governor Andrew Cuomo:
"New Policy is Victory for Multi-Year Advocacy Campaign"
New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo just announced his intention to direct the state government to make it easier for low-income community college students who are taking career and technical education classes to obtain federally-funded Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, formerly known as food stamp benefits.
There are more than 200,000 community college students enrolled statewide and many come from very low-income families and struggle against hunger. A survey by Temple University's Hope Center for College, Community and Justice found that nearly half of community college students nationwide had trouble obtaining sufficient food in the 30 days prior to the survey.
In response, Joel Berg, CEO of Hunger Free America said: "This new policy is a big victory in our multi-year campaign to ensure that college students get the nutrition they need to survive and thrive in school. After all, to be well-read, you must be well-fed. Not only will this effort reduce student hunger, it will bring extra federal dollars into the state, bolstering jobs in the local food industry. Governor Andrew Cuomo deserves great praise for this compassionate, common-sense policy."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
08/30/2012 08:24 am ET
'The Company You Keep' Trailer: Robert Redford, Enemy Of The State (VIDEO)
By Christopher Rosen
"The Company You Keep" doesn't have an official U.S. release date just yet, but with an amazing cast and crew and a pair of high-profile festival bows in Venice and Toronto, expect one to get announced shortly. That's something you should be excited about, because the first trailer for "The Company You Keep" looks like a cross between "Enemy of the State" and "The Fugitive."
Directed by Robert Redford, and starring (deep breath) Shia LaBeouf, Susan Sarandon, Stanley Tucci, Brit Marling, Anna Kendrick, Terrence Howard, Brendan Gleeson, Julie Christie, Richard Jenkins, Nick Nolte, Chris Cooper, Sam Elliot and Redford himself, "The Company You Keep" tells the story of a young journalist (LaBeouf) who discovers the identity of a former Weather Underground activist (Redford) wanted for the murder of a security guard 30 years earlier. More good news: Lem Dobbs ("The Limey," "Haywire") wrote the script, which is an adaptation of Neil Gordon's novel.
"The Company You Keep" marks Redford's ninth film as a director. His last feature was the underwhelming Abraham Lincoln assassination film "The Conspirator," which itself featured an all-star cast. The unit assembled for "The Company You Keep" is even more impressive, which might be why Kendrick told HuffPost Entertainment that she desperately wanted to appear.
"Oh my God," she exclaimed in an interview earlier this year. "I kind of broke my back to make that work with my schedule. I was just like, 'We need to make it happen.' I got offered that and was like, 'We're figuring it out. Never say never. It's gonna happen.' That was absolutely one of those bucket list things that isn't even on your bucket list because you wouldn't presume to think it was a possibility."
As for Redford, Kendrick had high praise. "That was so special and so great, and he is still so handsome."
Sony Classics picked up "The Company You Keep" for distribution. It will premiere at the Venice Film Festival and screen at the Toronto International Film Festival next week.
There Were 2 Royal Moments You Might Have Missed At Biden's Inauguration Jimmy Kimmel Finally Gets The Answer To The Trump Question He Asked 4 Years Ago Katy Perry Closes Out Biden's Inauguration Celebration With A Literal Bang Stephen Colbert Celebrates Biden's Quick Work With Trump Burn
Christopher Rosen
Managing Entertainment Editor, The Huffington Post
Anna Kendrick Movie Trailers Shia Labeouf Susan Sarandon Robert Redford
Joseph Gordon-Levitt in 'Looper'


I am so excited to be sharing this post with you all today! I love playing with makeup and creating new looks so when I did this one I knew I had to post it! I am going to wear this makeup on the day of my Galentine's Day party and I cannot wait! This look features pink shimmer, with some dark shadow mixed in. Basically, it's a pink smokey eye. I'm in love with it.
For this look, I wanted to do something with pink and purple hues. I think it's a really flirty look and I'll probably wear it a lot more than just for Valentine's Day. To see my full face of products check out this post.
First I prepped my eyes with my Maybelline Instant Age Rewind Eraser Dark Circle Treatment Concealer and then I set it with my Laura Mercier Translucent Loose Setting Powder.
I used the color "Limit" all over my lid. Then I mixed "Buzz" and "Factory" together and placed it on the outer corner of my eye (you can see this clearly in the pictures).
Lastly I mixed "Dust" and "Burnout" together (the two pinky shimmers) and placed that on the inner corner and on my brow bone.
I blend these all together, working from inner corner out to get that seamless blended look.
I finish the look off with my Benefit Cosmetics They're Real! Lengthening & Volumizing Mascara and MAC Cosmetics – Matte Lipstick – D for Danger.


text:
AGRICU
Agricultural policy explained
Agricultural policy describes a set of laws relating to domestic agriculture and imports of foreign agricultural products. Governments usually implement agricultural policies with the goal of achieving a specific outcome in the domestic agricultural product markets. In relation to the foregoing, Akarowhe (2017) propounded that agricultural policies are pathways of improving the activities involve in cropping, livestock, forestry, processing and marketing of agricultural product.[1] Agricultural policies are predetermined goals, objectives and pathway set by an individual or government for the purpose of achieving a specified outcome, for the benefit of the individual(s), society and the nations' economy at large.[1] Agricultural policies take into consideration the primary, secondary and tertiary processes in agricultural production.[1] Outcomes can involve, for example, a guaranteed supply level, price stability, product quality, product selection, land use or employment.
Agriculture policy concerns
An example of the breadth and types of agriculture policy concerns can be found in the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics article "Agricultural Economies of Australia and New Zealand" which says that the major challenges and issues faced by their industrial agriculture industry are:
marketing challenges and consumer tastes
international trading environment (world market conditions, barriers to trade, quarantine and technical barriers, maintenance of global competitiveness and market image, and management of biosecurity issues affecting imports and the disease status of exports)
biosecurity (pests and diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), avian influenza, foot and mouth disease, citrus canker, and sugarcane smut)
infrastructure (such as transport, ports, telecommunications, energy and irrigation facilities)
management skills and labor supply (With increasing requirements for business planning, enhanced market awareness, the use of modern technology such as computers and global positioning systems and better agronomic management, modern farm managers will need to become increasingly skilled. Examples: training of skilled workers, the development of labor hire systems that provide continuity of work in industries with strong seasonal peaks, modern communication tools, investigating market opportunities, researching customer requirements, business planning including financial management, researching the latest farming techniques, risk management skills)
coordination (a more consistent national strategic agenda for agricultural research and development; more active involvement of research investors in collaboration with research providers developing programs of work; greater coordination of research activities across industries, research organisations and issues; and investment in human capital to ensure a skilled pool of research personnel in the future.)
technology (research, adoption, productivity, genetically modified (GM) crops, investments)
water (access rights, water trade, providing water for environmental outcomes, assignment of risk in response to reallocation of water from consumptive to environmental use, accounting for the sourcing and allocation of water)
resource access issues (management of native vegetation, the protection and enhancement of biodiversity, sustainability of productive agricultural resources, landholder responsibilities)[2]
Agriculture remains the largest single contributor to the livelihoods of the 75% of the world's poor who live in rural areas. Encouraging agricultural growth is therefore an important aspect of agricultural policy in the developing world. In addition, a recent Natural Resource Perspective paper by the Overseas Development Institute found that good infrastructure, education and effective information services in rural areas were necessary to improve the chances of making agriculture work for the poor.[3]
See main article: Biosecurity. The biosecurity concerns facing industrial agriculture can be illustrated by:
the threat to poultry and humans from H5N1; possibly caused by use of animal vaccines
the threat to cattle and humans from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE); possibly caused by the unnatural feeding of cattle to cattle to minimize costs
the threat to industry profits from diseases like foot-and-mouth disease and citrus canker which increasing globalization makes harder to contain
See also: Social effects of H5N1 and Fujian flu. Use of animal vaccines can create new viruses that kill people and cause flu pandemic threats. H5N1 is an example of where this might have already occurred. According to the CDC article "H5N1 Outbreaks and Enzootic Influenza" by Robert G. Webster et al.: "Transmission of highly pathogenic H5N1 from domestic poultry back to migratory waterfowl in western China has increased the geographic spread. The spread of H5N1 and its likely reintroduction to domestic poultry increase the need for good agricultural vaccines. In fact, the root cause of the continuing H5N1 pandemic threat may be the way the pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses is masked by co-circulating influenza viruses or bad agricultural vaccines."[4] Dr. Robert Webster explains: "If you use a good vaccine you can prevent the transmission within poultry and to humans. But if they have been using vaccines now [in China] for several years, why is there so much bird flu? There is bad vaccine that stops the disease in the bird but the bird goes on pooping out virus and maintaining it and changing it. And I think this is what is going on in China. It has to be. Either there is not enough vaccine being used or there is substandard vaccine being used. Probably both. It's not just China. We can't blame China for substandard vaccines. I think there are substandard vaccines for influenza in poultry all over the world."[5]
In response to the same concerns, Reuters reports Hong Kong infectious disease expert Lo Wing-lok indicating that vaccines have to take top priority. Julie Hall, who is in charge of the WHO's outbreak response in China, claimed that China's vaccinations might be masking the virus.[6] The BBC reported that Dr Wendy Barclay, a virologist at the University of Reading, UK said: "The Chinese have made a vaccine based on reverse genetics made with H5N1 antigens, and they have been using it. There has been a lot of criticism of what they have done, because they have protected their chickens against death from this virus but the chickens still get infected; and then you get drift - the virus mutates in response to the antibodies - and now we have a situation where we have five or six 'flavours' of H5N1 out there."[7]
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
See main article: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as "mad cow disease", is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle, which infects by a mechanism that surprised biologists upon its discovery in the late 20th century. In the UK, the country worst affected, 179,000 cattle were infected and 4.4 million killed as a precaution.[8] The disease can be transmitted to human beings who eat or inhale material from infected carcasses. In humans, it is known as new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD or nvCJD), and by June 2007, it had killed 165 people in Britain, and six elsewhere[9] with the number expected to rise because of the disease's long incubation period. Between 460,000 and 482,000 BSE-infected animals had entered the human food chain before controls on high-risk offal were introduced in 1989.[10]
A British inquiry into BSE concluded that the epidemic was caused by feeding cattle, who are normally herbivores, the remains of other cattle in the form of meat and bone meal (MBM), which caused the infectious agent to spread.[11] [12] The origin of the disease itself remains unknown. The current scientific view is that infectious proteins called prions developed through spontaneous mutation, probably in the 1970s, and there is a possibility that the use of organophosphorus pesticides increased the susceptibility of cattle to the disease.[13] The infectious agent is distinctive for the high temperatures it is able to survive; this contributed to the spread of the disease in Britain, which had reduced the temperatures used during its rendering process.[11] Another contributory factor was the feeding of infected protein supplements to very young calves instead of milk from their mothers.[11] [14]
Foot-and-mouth disease
See main article: Foot and mouth disease. Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease of cattle and pigs. It can also infect deer, goats, sheep, and other bovids with cloven hooves, as well as elephants, rats, and hedgehogs. Humans are affected only very rarely. FMD occurs throughout much of the world, and while some countries have been free of FMD for some time, its wide host range and rapid spread represent cause for international concern. In 1996, endemic areas included Asia, Africa, and parts of South America. North America, Australia, New Zealand and Japan have been free of FMD for many years. Most European countries have been recognized as free, and countries belonging to the European Union have stopped FMD vaccination.
Infection with foot-and-mouth disease tends to occur locally, that is, the virus is passed on to susceptible animals through direct contact with infected animals or with contaminated pens or vehicles used to transport livestock. The clothes and skin of animal handlers such as farmers, standing water, and uncooked food scraps and feed supplements containing infected animal products can harbor the virus as well. Cows can also catch FMD from the semen of infected bulls. Control measures include quarantine and destruction of infected livestock, and export bans for meat and other animal products to countries not infected with the disease.
Because FMD rarely infects humans but spreads rapidly among animals, it is a much greater threat to the agriculture industry than to human health. Farmers around the world can lose huge amounts of money during a foot-and-mouth epidemic, when large numbers of animals are destroyed and revenues from milk and meat production go down. One of the difficulties in vaccinating against FMD is the huge variation between and even within serotypes. There is no cross-protection between serotypes (meaning that a vaccine for one serotype won't protect against any others) and in addition, two strains within a given serotype may have nucleotide sequences that differ by as much as 30% for a given gene. This means that FMD vaccines must be highly specific to the strain involved. Vaccination only provides temporary immunity that lasts from months to years. Therefore, rich countries maintain a policy of banning import from all countries, not proven FMD-free by US or EU standards. This is a point of contention.
Although this disease is not dangerous to humans and rarely fatal to otherwise healthy animals, it reduces milk and meat production. Outbreaks can be stopped quickly if farmers and transporters are forced to abide by existing rules. Therefore, (besides temporary discomfort to the animals), any outbreak in the rich world should not be much more as a localized, cyclical economic problem. For countries with free roaming wildlife it is nearly impossible to prove that they are entirely free of this disease. If they try they are forced to erect nationwide fences, which destroys wildlife migration. Because detecting and reporting of FMD have enormously improved and sped up, almost all poor countries could now safely create FMD-free export zones. But rich countries refuse to change the rules. In effect, many poor tropical countries have no chance to meet current rules, so they are still today banned from exporting meat, even if many of them are FMD-free.
The result is that if drought hits, the poor try to cope by selling their few animals. This quickly saturates regional demand. The export ban then destroys the value of these animals, in effect destroying the most important coping mechanism of several hundreds of millions extremely poor households. The rules around meat exports have been changed many times, always to accommodate changing circumstances in rich countries, usually further reducing meat export chances for poor countries. For that reason Kanya and many other countries find the rules very unjust. They are however discouraged to file a formal complaint with WTO by diplomats from rich countries.
See main article: Citrus canker. Citrus canker is a disease affecting citrus species that is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. Infection causes lesions on the leaves, stems, and fruit of citrus trees, including lime, oranges, and grapefruit. While not harmful to humans, canker significantly affects the vitality of citrus trees, causing leaves and fruit to drop prematurely; a fruit infected with canker is safe to eat but too unsightly to be sold. The disease, which is believed to have originated in South East Asia, is extremely persistent when it becomes established in an area, making it necessary for all citrus orchards to be destroyed for successful eradication of the disease. Australia, Brazil and the United States are currently suffering from canker outbreaks.
The disease can be detected in orchards and on fruit by the appearance of lesions. Early detection is critical in quarantine situations. Bacteria are tested for pathogenicity by inoculating multiple citrus species with the bacterium. Simultaneously, other diagnostic tests (antibody detection, fatty-acid profiling, and genetic procedures using PCR) are conducted to identify the particular canker strain. Citrus canker outbreaks are prevented and managed in a number of ways. In countries that do not have canker, the disease is prevented from entering the country by quarantine measures. In countries with new outbreaks, eradication programs that are started soon after the disease has been discovered have been successful; such programs rely on destruction of affected orchards. When eradication has been unsuccessful and the disease has become established, management options include replacing susceptible citrus cultivars with resistant cultivars, applying preventive sprays of copper-based bactericides, and destroying infected trees and all surrounding trees within an appropriate radius.
The citrus industry is the largest fresh-fruit exporting industry in Australia.[15] Australia has had three outbreaks of citrus canker; all three were successfully eradicated. The disease was found twice during the 1900s in the Northern Territory and was eradicated each time. During the first outbreak in 1912, every citrus tree north of latitude 19° south was destroyed, taking 11 years to eradicate the disease.[16] In 2004, Asiatic citrus canker was detected in an orchard in Emerald, Queensland, and was thought to have occurred from the illegal import of infected citrus plants. The state and federal governments have ordered that all commercial orchards, all non-commercial citrus trees, and all native lime trees (C. glauca) in the vicinity of Emerald be destroyed rather than trying to isolate infected trees.
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines food security as existing when "all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life".[17] The four qualifications that must be met for a food secure system include physical availability, economic and physical access, appropriate utilization, and stability of the prior three elements over time.
Of the 6.7 billion people on the planet, about 2 billion are food insecure.[18] As the global population grows to 9 billion by 2050, and as diets shift to emphasize higher energy products and greater overall consumption, food systems will be subjected to even greater pressure.[19] Climate change presents additional threats to food security, affecting crop yields, distribution of pests and diseases, weather patterns, and growing seasons around the world.
Food security has thus become an increasingly important topic in agricultural policy as decision makers attempt to reduce poverty and malnutrition while augmenting adaptive capacity to climate change. The Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change listed high-priority policy actions to address food security, including integrating food security and sustainable agriculture into global and national policies, significantly raising the level of global investment in food systems, and developing specific programs and policies to support the most vulnerable populations (namely, those that are already subject to food insecurity).
'Food sovereignty', a term coined by members of Via Campesina in 1996,[20] is about the right of peoples to define their own food systems. Advocates of food sovereignty put the people who produce, distribute, and consume food at the centre of decisions on food systems and policies, rather than the demands of markets and corporations that they believe have come to dominate the global food system. This movement is advocated by a number of farmers, peasants, pastoralists, fisherfolk, indigenous peoples, women, rural youth, and environmental organizations.
An agricultural subsidy is a governmental subsidy paid to farmers and agribusinesses to manage the agricultural industry as one part of the various methods a government uses in a mixed economy. The conditions for payment and the reasons for the individual specific subsidies varies with farm product, size of farm, nature of ownership, and country among other factors. Enriching peanut farmers for political purposes, keeping the price of a staple low to keep the poor from rebelling, stabilizing the production of a crop to avoid famine years, encouraging diversification and many other purposes have been suggested as the reason for specific subsidies.
Price floors or price ceilings set a minimum or maximum price for a product. Price controls encourage more production by a price floor or less production by a price ceiling.A government can erect trade barriers to limit the quantity of goods imported (in the case of a Quota Share) or enact tariffs to raise the domestic price of imported products. These barriers give preference to domestic producers.
Objectives of market intervention
Some argue that nations have an interest in assuring there is sufficient domestic production capability to meet domestic needs in the event of a global supply disruption. Significant dependence on foreign food producers makes a country strategically vulnerable in the event of war, blockade or embargo. Maintaining adequate domestic capability allows for food self-sufficiency that lessens the risk of supply shocks due to geopolitical events. Agricultural policies may be used to support domestic producers as they gain domestic and international market share. This may be a short term way of encouraging an industry until it is large enough to thrive without aid. Or it may be an ongoing subsidy designed to allow a product to compete with or undercut foreign competition. This may produce a net gain for a government despite the cost of interventions because it allows a country to build up an export industry or reduce imports. It also helps to form the nations supply and demand market.
Environmental protection and land management
Farm or undeveloped land composes the majority of land in most countries. Policies may encourage some land uses rather than others in the interest of protecting the environment. For instance, subsidies may be given for particular farming methods, forestation, land clearance, or pollution abatement.
Rural poverty and poverty relief
Subsidising farming may encourage people to remain on the land and obtain some income. This might be relevant to a third world country with many peasant farmers, but it may also be a consideration to more developed countries such as Poland. It has a very high unemployment rate, much farmland and retain a large rural population growing food for their own use.
Price controls may also be used to assist poor citizens. Many countries have used this method of welfare support as it delivers cheap food to the poorest in urban areas without the need to assess people to give them financial aid. This often goes at the cost of the rural poor, who then earn less from what is often their only realistic or potential source of income: agriculture. Because in almost all countries the rural poor are poorer than the urban poor, cheap food policies through price controls often increase overall poverty.
The same often counts for poverty relief in the form of food aid, which (unless while during severe drought) drives small producers in poor countries out of production. It tends to benefit lower middle class groups (sub-urban and urban poor) at the expense of the poorest 20 percent, who as a result remain deprived of customers.
Organic farming assistance
Welfare economics theory holds that sometimes private activities can impose social costs upon others. Industrial agriculture is widely considered to impose social costs through pesticide pollution and nitrate pollution. Further, agriculture uses large amounts of water, a scarce resource.[21] Some economists argue that taxes should be levied on agriculture, or that organic agriculture, which uses little pesticides and experiences relatively little nitrate runoff, should be encouraged with subsidies. In the United States, 65% of the approximately $16.5 billion in annual subsidies went to the top 10% of farmers in 2002 because subsidies are linked to certain commodities.[22] On the other hand, organic farming received $5 million for help in certification and $15 million for research over a 5-year time period.
Some advocate Fair Trade rules to ensure that poor farmers in developing nations that produce crops primarily for export are not exploited or negatively impacted by trade policies, practices, tariffs, and agreements which benefit one competitor at the expense of another - which advocates consider a dangerous "race to the bottom" in agricultural labor and safety standards. Opponents point out that most agriculture in developed nations is produced by industrial corporations (agribusiness) which are hardly deserving of sympathy, and that the alternative to exploitation is poverty.
Fair trade steak? Much of what developing countries export to the rich world, also comes from industrial corporations. The reason for that is, that rich countries have put up elaborate quality demands, most of whom make no factual health contribution. Small farmers often in effect meet these demands, but are rarely able to prove that in western standards. Therefore, the biggest impediment to growth of small farming and therefore of fare trade in sectors beyond coffee and bananas, is these quality demands from the rich world.
Arguments against market intervention
Dumping of agricultural surpluses
In international trade parlance, when a company from country A sells a commodity below the cost of production into country B, this is called "dumping". A number of countries that are signatories to multilateral trade agreements have provisions that prohibit this practice.When rich countries subsidize domestic production, excess output is often given to the developing world as foreign aid. This process eliminates the domestic market for agricultural products in the developing world, because the products can be obtained for free from western aid agencies. In developing nations where these effects are most severe, small farmers could no longer afford basic inputs and were forced to sell their land.
"Consider a farmer in Ghana who used to be able to make a living growing rice. Several years ago, Ghana was able to feed and export their surplus. Now, it imports rice. From where? Developed countries. Why? Because it's cheaper. Even if it costs the rice producer in the developed world much more to produce the rice, he doesn't have to make a profit from his crop. The government pays him to grow it, so he can sell it more cheaply to Ghana than the farmer in Ghana can. And that farmer in Ghana? He can't feed his family anymore." (Lyle Vanclief, former Canadian Minister of Agriculture [1997-2003])
According to the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat and rice are sold below the cost of production, or dumped. Dumping rates are approximately forty percent for wheat, between twenty-five and thirty percent for corn (maize), approximately thirty percent for soybeans, fifty-seven percent for cotton, and approximately twenty percent for rice. For example, wheat is sold for forty percent below cost.
According to Oxfam, "If developed nations eliminated subsidy programs, the export value of agriculture in lesser developed nations would increase by 24 %, plus a further 5.5 % from tariff equilibrium. ... exporters can offer US surpluses for sale at prices around half the cost of production; destroying local agriculture and creating a captive market in the process." Free trade advocates desire the elimination of all market distorting mechanisms (subsidies, tariffs, regulations) and argue that, as with free trade in all areas, this will result in aggregate benefit for all. This position is particularly popular in competitive agricultural exporting nations in both the developed and developing world, some of whom have banded together in the Cairns Group lobby. Canada's Department of Agriculture estimates that developing nations would benefit by about $4 billion annually if subsidies in the developed world were halved.
Agricultural independence
Many developing countries do not grow enough food to feed their own populations. These nations must buy food from other countries. Lower prices and free food save the lives of millions of starving people, despite the drop in food sales of the local farmers. A developing nation could use new improved farming methods to grow more food, with the ultimate goal of feeding their nation without outside help. New greenhouse methods, hydroponics, fertilizers, R/O water processors, hybrid crops, fast-growing hybrid trees for quick shade, interior temperature control, greenhouse or tent insulation, autonomous building gardens, sun lamps, mylar, fans, and other cheap tech can be used to grow crops on previously unarable land, such as rocky, mountainous, desert, and even Arctic lands. More food can be grown, reducing dependency on other countries for food.
Replacement crops can also make nations agriculturally independent. Sugar, for example, comes from sugar cane imported from Polynesia. Instead of buying the sugar from Polynesia, a nation can make sugar from sugar beets, maple sap, or sweetener from stevia plant, keeping the profits circulating within the nation's economy. Paper and clothes can be made of hemp instead of trees and cotton. Tropical foods won't grow in many places in Europe, but they will grow in insulated greenhouses or tents in Europe. Soybean plant cellulose can replace plastic (made from oil). Ethanol from farm waste or hempseed oil can replace gasoline. Rainforest medicine plants grown locally can replace many imported medicines. Alternates of cash crops, like sugar and oil replacements, can reduce farmers' dependency on subsidies in both developed and developing nations.
Market interventions may increase the cost to consumers for agricultural products, either via hidden wealth-transfers via the government, or increased prices at the consumer level, such as for sugar and peanuts in the US. This has led to market distortions, such as food processors using high fructose corn syrup as a replacement for sugar. High fructose corn syrup may be an unhealthy food additive, and, were sugar prices not inflated by government fiat, sugar might be preferred over high fructose corn syrup in the marketplace.
Developed world cases
Overview: Europe and America
See main article: Agricultural policy of the United States and Common Agricultural Policy. The farmer population is approximately five percent of the total population in the E.U. and 1.7% in the U.S. The total value of agricultural production in the E.U. amounted to 128 billion euros (1998). About forty-nine percent of this amount was accounted for by political measures: 37 billion euros due to direct payments and 43 billion euros from consumers due to the artificially high price. Eighty percent of European farmers receive a direct payment of 5,000 euros or less, while 2.2% receive a direct payment above 50,000 euros, totaling forty percent of all direct subsidies.
The average U.S. farmer receives $16,000 in annual subsidies. Two-thirds of farmers receive no direct payments. Of those that do, the average amount amongst the lowest paid eighty percent was $7000 from 1995-2003. Subsidies are a mix of tax reductions, direct cash payments and below-market prices on water and other inputs. Some claim that these aggregate figures are misleading because large agribusinesses, rather than individual farmers, receive a significant share of total subsidy spending. The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 reduced farm subsidies, providing fixed payments over a period and replacing price supports and subsidies. The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 contains direct and countercyclical payments designed to limit the effects of low prices and yields.
In the EU, €54 billion of subsidies are paid every year. An increasing share of the subsidies is being decoupled from production and lumped into the Single Farm Payment. While this has diminished the distortions created by the Common Agricultural Policy, many critics argue that a greater focus on the provision of public goods, such as biodiversity and clean water, is needed.[23] The next major reform is expected for 2014, when a new long-term EU budget is coming into effect.
The U.S. Conservation Reserve Program leases land from producers that take marginal land out of production and convert it back to a near-natural state by planting native grasses and other plants.[24] The U.S. Environmental Quality Incentives Program subsidizes improvements which promote water conservation and other measures. This program is conducted under a bidding process using a formula where farmers request a certain percentage of cost share for an improvement such as drip irrigation. Producers that offer the most environmental improvement based on a point system for the least cost are funded first. The process continues until that year's allocated funds are expended.[25]
World Trade Organization actions
See main article: Agreement on Agriculture. In April 2004 the World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled that 3 billion dollars in US cotton subsidies violate trade agreements and that almost 50% of EU sugar exports are illegal. In 1997-2003, US cotton exports were subsidized by an average of 48%.[26] The WTO has extracted commitments from the Philippines government, making it lower import barriers to half their present levels over a span of six years, and allowing in drastically increased competition from the industrialised and heavily subsidised farming systems of North America and Europe. A recent Oxfam report estimated that average household incomes of maize farmers will be reduced by as much as 30% over the six years as cheap imports from the US drive down prices in the local markets. The report estimates that in the absence of trade restrictions, US subsidised maize could be marketed at less than half the price of maize grown on the Philippine island of Mindanao; and that the livelihoods of up to half a million Filipino maize farmers (out of the total 1.2 million) are under immediate threat.
Common Agricultural Policy
Corn Laws
Food price crisis
www.reformthecap.eu: assessment of agricultural policies and summaries of relevant studies
IFAP: International Federation of Agricultural Producers
OECD: Food, Agriculture and Fisheries (OECD Department of Trade and Agriculture)
OECD Statistics Portal
FAO: Monitoring African Food and Agricultural Policies
kickAAS (Kick all agricultural subsidies)
The Globalist | Global Agriculture -- Getting Tough on ... - November 12, 2003
Ag Observatory from the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy
Ashish's Niti (Developing countries should take advantage of agricultural subsidies)
Larry Elliott, The Guardian, June 15, 2005, "West accused of concealing farm subsidies: Oxfam says EU and US are exploiting loopholes and using creative accounting to avoid real trade concessions to developing countries"
Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy
Sophia Murphy, Ben Lilliston and Mary Beth Lake, February 2005, "WTO Agreement on Agriculture: A Decade of Dumping", Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy
Kym Anderson and Will Martin (2005), "Agriculture Market Access: The Key to Doha Success", World Bank, June 2005 - over half the gains to developing countries from global agricultural reforms would come from liberalization by developing countries themselves.
Food Security and Ag-Biotech News — provides balanced global news on policies related to genetically modified (GM) crops
David Bullock Lecture: Comparing Agricultural Policy in the EU and US - European Union Center at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Akarowhe (2018). Retooling Agricultural Policies and Programmes for Sustainable Development in Nigeria Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research 2(1):165-168 doi: 10.32474/CIACR.2018.02.000129 https://lupinepublishers.com/agriculture-journal/pdf/CIACR.MS.ID.000129.pdf
Web site: Agricultural Economies of Australia and New Zealand - drivers of change . Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics . 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184102/http://www.abareconomics.com/interactive/ausNZ_ag/htm/au_change.htm . September 30, 2007 . yes.
Web site: Making agriculture work for the poor . 11 November 2016 . 2007 . Overseas Development Institute. PDF.
(CDC H5N1 Outbreaks and Enzootic Influenza by Robert G. Webster et al.)
(MSNBC quoting Reuters quoting Robert G. Webster)
(BBC Bird flu vaccine no silver bullet 22 February 2006)
Brown, David. "The 'recipe for disaster' that killed 80 and left a £5bn bill", The Daily Telegraph, June 19, 2001.
http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/vcjdworld.htm "Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease, June 2007"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1671737.stm "CJD deaths 'may have peaked'"
http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/controls-eradication/causes.html "BSE: Disease control & eradication - Causes of BSE"
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/ "The BSE Inquiry"
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume1/execsum4.htm "Volume 1: Findings and Conclusions. Executive Summary of the Report of the Inquiry. 3. The cause of BSE"
Harden, Blaine. "Supplements used in factory farming can spread disease", The Washington Post, December 28, 2003.
Web site: Aust Citrus -. Aust Citrus.
Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries. Exotic plant pests - citrus canker
FAO (2008) An introduction to the basic concepts of food security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Threats to security related to food, agriculture, and natural resources - What to do? . von Braun, Joachim. Paper presented at 'strategic discussion circle' EADS, Berlin, Germany . 2009 . 1–6 . International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://web.archive.org/web/20130512134438/http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/20090326jvbEADS.pdf . May 12, 2013. yes.
Book: Achieving Food Security in the Face of Climate Change: Final report from the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change . CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) . Beddington J, Asaduzzaman M, Fernandez A, Clark M, Guillou M, Jahn M, Erda L, Mamo T, Van Bo N, Nobre CA, Scholes R, Sharma R, Wakhungu J . March 2012 . Copenhagen, Denmark . 64.
"Global Small-Scale Farmers' Movement Developing New Trade Regimes", Food First News & Views, Volume 28, Number 97 Spring/Summer 2005, p.2.
Web site: Peppard. Christiana Z.. Fresh water scarcity: An introduction to the problem. TED Ed: Lessons Worth Sharing. TED.com. 28 August 2015.
The Heritage Foundation (2004) The Heritage Foundation
Web site: reformthecap.eu. www.reformthecap.eu.
Web site: Archived copy . 2005-06-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20050914011908/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer834/ . 2005-09-14 . yes .
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/eqip/ Financial Assistance
Web site: Archived copy . 2005-06-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20050624051415/http://www.iatp.org/iatp/library/admin/uploadedfiles/Agriculture_Export_Dumping_Booms_During_WTOs_F.pdf . 2005-06-24 . yes .
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Agricultural policy".


NexPhase Capital, LP ("NPC" or "NexPhase") today announced its acquisition of Kunversion and Inside Real Estate – leaders in marketing and sales software utilized by residential real estate agents and brokers. The two entities have been merged and will operate under the Inside Real Estate brand.
Kunversion is a leading software and marketing solutions platform employed by agent teams and brokers. Inside Real Estate augments the Kunversion platform by adding unique capabilities for larger brokers, including seamless integration with transaction systems, full marketing and sales lifecycle tracking, as well as analytics and other emerging enterprise features.
The acquisitions occurred after a flurry of recent product releases from both companies, including a new customer relationship management (CRM) mobile app, Facebook lead-generation tools, advanced lead routing, agent-management capabilities and integration with other industry solutions.
With common technology used by both entities, seamless integration of the platforms has already led to substantial unification. These integrations allow customers to leverage the broader functionality of a combined platform that not only serves the unique needs of small agent teams, but also large, multi-region, multi-office brokers.
"This investment aligns well with our software investment strategy. We are very focused on making investments in growing B2B software businesses with industry-leading technology platforms and proven management teams. We are confident that Inside Real Estate will continue to strengthen its already strong position in the residential real estate marketing and sales software market." said Bob Gartland, Vice President at NPC.
"We couldn't be happier to have found a partner that has the capacity and experience to take Kunversion to heights considered unachievable by the current leadership," added Justin Tracy, founder of Kunversion. "We now have the infrastructure and funding to play with the big boys and take the lead in the real estate CRM marketplace." Mr. Tracy is CTO of the combined businesses.
The leadership team will be headed by CEO, Ned Stringham. Mr. Stringham has a strong track record of successfully building sales, marketing and cloud-based software businesses and also acts as an Operating Partner of NPC Pacific Crest Securities, a division of Keybanc Capital Markets, served as financial advisor to Kunversion.


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DoctorSolve is a reputable pharmacy that offers affordable prices on quality Serzone medication.
If you are looking for the generic alternative to Serzone, please see: Nefazodone – Generic.Serzone is manufactured by Various Generic.


‹ PreviousNew job, new teacher!
It seems that the school is recruiting students by telling parents what they want to hear. Do they accept any students with IEPs? Is there any accountability as far as proving to the parents the "advanced" level of their child? How are the students assessed? It sounds like a frustrating situation for the teachers AND the students, one that might turn into behavior problems. Look at me being a Debbie Downer for you. Hmmmm. Keep us posted.


text:
Pinning Down Obama on Iraq
By Abe Greenwald 2008-07-08T03:00:59
While a monumental transformation has occurred on the ground in Iraq, Barack Obama has been given a free pass to hide behind outdated anti-Bush slogans and unsubstantiated generalizations. Violence is at record lows, the enemies of Iraqi statehood are suffering defeat after defeat, and the U.S. and Iraq are currently negotiating something that bears a striking resemblance to a peacetime treaty. Iraq is the most important issue of this campaign, and Senator Obama owes American voters candor and specificity on the matter. Here are four questions requiring four non-poetic, fact-based, unqualified answers from the Democratic nominee for President of the United States.
1. Senator Obama, President Bush has been criticized, fiercely and repeatedly, for his strategic and tactical intransigence on Iraq. The charge that George Bush has been unwilling to admit his mistakes and to redress such mistakes as needed has served as a mantra for the Democrats. Indeed, you yourself, speaking to the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations in 2005 had this to say on the matter:
The President could take the politics out of Iraq once and for all if he would simply go on television and say to the American people 'Yes, we made mistakes. Yes, there are things I would have done differently. But now that we're here, I am willing to work with both Republicans and Democrats to find the most responsible way out.
Mr. Obama, since then the President has acknowledged the failings of the original Rumsfeld plan and revamped the U.S. strategy, most obviously by supporting the so-called troop surge in 2007 that has led to unprecedented military progress in Iraq and made room for political reconciliation there as well. You were outspokenly opposed to the surge from the start and remained opposed for the majority of the time post-surge operations have been underway. In September 2007, you stated plainly:
The best way to protect our security and to pressure Iraq's leaders to resolve their civil war is to immediately begin to remove our combat troops. Not in six months or one year - now.
Senator, given that violence in Iraq is at it's lowest since the inception of the war, given that Al-Qaeda is on the run, given that Shiite militia have been significantly neutralized, and given the continued reconciliation taking place within the Maliki government, will you now state that you were wrong about the potential benefits of the troop surge? And if not, is this an example of your refusal to "take the politics out of Iraq"?
2. Senator, U.S. and Iraqi officials are currently hammering out the details of a status of forces agreement (SOFA). The agreement would define the future role of U.S. troops in Iraq in regard to troop levels, number of bases, and troop autonomy in relation to Iraqi sovereignty. Here is your account of a recent conversation you had with Iraqi Foreign Minister Hoshiyar Zebari about SOFA:
I emphasized to him how encouraged I was by the reductions in violence in Iraq but also insisted that it is important for us to begin the process of withdrawing U.S. troops, making it clear that we have no interest in permanent bases in Iraq.
Let's keep that mind while we consider what Iraqi President Jalal Talabani had so say about SOFA during his current trip to Washington. Here's the Wall Street Journal's account:
We have good success and achievements in training our Army and our police forces," Talabani said in heavily-accented English. We still "need to have [an] American presence in Iraq... We need to have some - at least some - military bases as a symbol for preventing others [from] interfering [in the] internal affairs of Iraq.
President Talabani is specifically requesting a continued American military presence, and citing regional threats as the reason. We currently see Iran flexing its muscles, threatening our allies, and ratcheting up proxy terrorist connections everywhere from Iraq, to Lebanon, to Gaza. Considering that the U.S. already maintains long-term military bases around the globe, including in Middle East locations such as the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar, what do you see as the downside of maintaining bases in a more peaceful Iraq in order to ensure the continued progress that's been made in that country?
https://pjmedia.com/blog/pinning-down-obama-on-iraq/


Although they never gained much popularity in America, LaserDiscs were a popular media format in Japan and other parts of Asia as they offered higher-quality video and audio than VHS tapes.
LaserDiscs volumes 1 through 9 have different front covers than the DVDs! The VHSs also have these pictures on the covers.


First time step into The Parenthood, make me feel like" Alice in the Wonderland" whereby I am back to my childhood time. Congratulation to The Parenthood for bringing happiness into children life.! The Parenthood's 1st London Street Family park in Malaysia will open to public on 5th December 2015.
The Parenthood is located at the 2nd Floor of Sunway Putra Mall. Familiar architectures greet you - Big Ben, the red London Bus, British flags, red post boxes, quaint shops nestled along yellow-marked tar roads against the backdrop of the English Castle.
The Parenthood offers parents and their children an avenue to learn, Play and Enrich individually and together , all under one roof. Now parents can spend their time together with children and at the same time parents can also enjoy various of pampering services. The Family park comprises 4 major components which is Relaxation & leisure, Educational & Play, Dining and Shopping.
A Beauty Secret, nestled in the heart of London Street Family Park is a beauty saloon that aims to pamper parents and their kid with hair, nail, facial and even makeover services.
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The Parenthood aims to create a fun learning environment to the children. The Parenthood offer structured classes from academic to sports and personal hobbies.
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My Kingdom Playground by The Parenthood, the indoor park that provides an interactive quality bonding and progressive learning platform between parents and babies, toddlers and kids under 12 years old. My Kingdom playground offers treasure hunt games, fliying fox, spider tower, transparent spiral slide, multiple slides, ball pit tunnels and play bridges.
Not only that, The Parenthood also provide party rooms whereby parents can also celebrate their children's birthday or Full moon party. The party room can accommodate up to 40 children.
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That's interesting, because I had a similar experience in my 20's & 30's, chained to my work. Now I have freedoms I never dreamed possible and I earn more. I wonder if its all part of 'paying your dues' or the evolution of our lives.


text:
"Verithanam" () is an Indian Tamil-language song from the 2019 sports action film Bigil directed by Atlee. Composed by A. R. Rahman, the song featured lyrics written by Vivek and sung by actor Vijay, who also played the protagonist in the film. It is the first song Vijay has recorded for Rahman. The song was released by Sony Music on 1 September 2019, and its video version was unveiled on 1 November.

Background
In early 2019, media reports surfaced that Vijay may record one song for A. R. Rahman for Thalapathy 63 (Bigil), which will be his first collaboration as a singer with Rahman, although the composer worked with the actor's films in Udhaya (2004), Azhagiya Tamil Magan (2007), Mersal (2017) and Sarkar (2018). Although, after his return to playback singing with "Google Google" from Thuppakki, and continuously sang for his upcoming projects until Bairavaa, he did not record a song for Mersal, and eventually he was reported to sing for Sarkar, which was also composed by A. R. Rahman, which also failed to happen.

On 8 July 2019, Archana Kalpathi, the creative producer of AGS Entertainment, which produced the film had shared a picture with Vijay, Rahman, Vivek and Atlee being present at Rahman's recording studio Panchathan Record Inn, Chennai for the song which was titled "Verithanam". With this, the producers confirmed Vijay singing for Rahman's composition for the very first time, although he sang for many leading composers. Super Singer fame Poovaiyar was reported to act and provide additional vocals for one of the songs.

Release
The song was initially reported to be released as the first single from the film. However, as another track "Singappenney" leaked onto the internet in mid-July 2019, the makers released that song as the first single, and planned to release "Verithanam" later. In mid-August 2019, reports being surfaced that this song has been leaked into the internet, and became a trending topic in Twitter, urging fans to release the original track sooner as possible. However, few media handles claimed that the leak was not true.

The official promo video for the song was released on 31 August 2019, and a day later, the full song was released by Sony Music India through their streaming platforms and a lyrical video through YouTube. At the film's audio launch held at Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Chennai on 27 September 2019, Vijay who participated at the event, sang a couple lines from the song while addressing his speech.

The video version of this song was exclusively premiered at the television channel Sun Music on 30 October 2019. Later the song was released through YouTube on 1 November 2019.

Reception

Critical response
Antara Chakraborty of The Indian Express wrote in its review, saying "The song is a fast-paced dance number, the kind of song that has become a staple in Vijay's films. It is definitely fun, with a rustic feel."  India Today called the song as "proper mass number" while The News Minute called that the song "has been delivered in Vijay's signature style". A critic from Behindwoods wrote "A completely dynamic song with the expressive voice of Vijay is the main highlight, as the lyrics, slang, and voice of the singer will overshadow the tune, but the orchestra doesn't let go easily." International Business Times-based critic Prakash Upadhyaya called the song as a "fast-paced number with a local flavour" further saying "With Vijay himself lending voice for the number, it strikes the chord with the fans, instantly. The fans could not have expected a better mass number than this as Thalapathy's voice blends well with the tune and the lyrics." Moviecrow called the number as "the most commercially accessible track of the album".

Records
The song crossed 1 million likes within the first five days of its release. A year after its release, the video song crossed 100 million views in September 2020, eventually becoming one of the most viewed songs of Vijay on the video-sharing platform YouTube. A January–September 2019 survey report from the music platform JioSaavn, stated "Verithanam" along with "Rowdy Baby" (a song from Dhanush's Maari 2), as one of the most streamed songs in this intermediate period.

Chart performance

 Weekly charts

 Year-end charts

Criticism
In September 2019, a video came up with connection to the number to strengthen the claims that the song has achieved records as a result of a paid campaign. Some of the fans started trending the hashtag #PaidVerithanamLikesExposed and trashed the film's producers allegedly opting for a paid campaign to create a new record.

Personnel
Credits adapted from A. R. Rahman's official website and Sony Music South
 A. R. Rahman – Composer, arranger, producer
 Vijay – Playback singer
 Vivek – Lyricist
 Sangeetha – Additional vocals
 Poovaiyar – Additional vocals
 Ka Ka Balachander – Additional vocals
 KR Arjun – Additional vocals
 Rakthaksh – Additional vocals
 Veena Murali – Backing vocals
 Deepthi Suresh – Backing vocals
 Abinaya – Backing vocals
 Ala B Bala – Backing vocals
 Sowmya – Backing vocals
 Soundarya – Backing vocals
 Lavita Lobo – Backing vocals
 Riya K S – Kids vocals
 Nikhil P S – Kids vocals
 K R Arjun – Kids vocals
 Vidhya Rupini – Kids vocals
 K U Kokilapriya – Kids vocals
 Keba Jeremiah – Guitar
 Balesh – Shehnai
 T. R. Krishna Chetan – Sound Engineer (Panchathan Record Inn, Chennai), additional arrangements and programming, audio mixing
 Kumaran Sivamani – Additional arrangements and programming
 Santosh Dhayanidhi – Additional arrangements and programming
 Suresh Permal – Sound engineer (Panchathan Record Inn, Chennai), mastering (Studio mastering)
 Karthik Sekaran – Sound engineer (Panchathan Record Inn, Chennai)
 Suryansh – Sound engineer (Panchathan Record Inn, Chennai)
 Barath Dhanashekhar – Sound engineer (Panchathan Record Inn, Chennai)
 Riyasdeen Riyan – Sound engineer (Panchathan Record Inn, Chennai)
 S. Sivakumar – Sound engineer (AM Studios, Chennai), mastering (Apple Digital Master)
 Kannan Ganpat – Sound engineer (AM Studios, Chennai)
 Pradeep Menon – Sound engineer (AM Studios, Chennai)
 Krishnan Subramaniyan – Sound engineer (AM Studios, Chennai)
 Manoj Raman – Sound engineer (AM Studios, Chennai)
 Aravind MS – Sound engineer (AM Studios, Chennai)
 P. A. Deepak – Audio mixing
 R. Samidurai – Musician's fixer
 T. M. Faizuddin – Music co-ordinators
 Abdul Haiyum Siddique – Music co-ordinators

References

External links

Tamil film songs
2019 songs
Indian songs
Songs written for films
Tamil-language songs
Songs with music by A. R. Rahman
Viral videos

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With Halloween right around the corner and the holidays fast on its tail, the biannual Southern Iowa Junk Jaunt on October 20-22 is a great chance to find incredible deals on antiques, crafts, and unique home décor. Whether you're looking for a weekend girlfriend getaway or hoping to discover some Antiques Roadshow-worthy treasures, the Junk Jaunt is a great find!
With almost 40 stops along the Southern Iowa Junk Jaunt route, we know many deal hunters make a full weekend of the event. If you do, we hope you'll stay with us at The Continental Hotel! If you're only here for the day, our restaurant Lucile's Steaks and Spirits is a great place to reenergize for more shopping. Even if you can only spare a moment between stops, our staff will be happy to give you a copy of the Junk Jaunt map and point you in the right direction.


Seven year sweethearts, Jessica and Doug, exchanged vows yesterday at the West End Theater in downtown PDX. The bride walked down the aisle to Christina Perri's A Thousand Years and the newlyweds marched out to One Republic's Good Life. Navy, tangerine and ivory were the colors of the day. Bridesmaids wore variations of gowns in navy satin and the groomsmen looked sharp in charcoal gray suits, dark blue shirts and navy ties. Following the candlelight ceremony, guests were invited to the upstairs ballroom for cocktail hour and dinner. Special touches for the reception included a large framed seating chart hung on the brick wall outside the ballroom and custom labeled wine bottles indicating table numbers.
After a honeymoon in the Dominican Republic next week, the couple returns to their Portland home on Hayden Island. Congratulations, Mr. & Mrs. Smedley! May the spirit of your "Best Day Ever" remain in your hearts forever.


1. Start by carefully cleaning the surface of your device. Make sure that the surface is free from dust and dirt. This way there will be no unwanted air bubbles between the sticker and your MacBook.
2. Take a plastic card such as a credit card, driver's licence or the like and use it to firmly press the vinyl to the transfer film. Start from the middle and work outwards to the edges of the sticker. This way you make sure that no vinyl is stuck to the white backing paper.
3. Gently peel of the white backing paper. Make sure that while doing this no dirt or dust gets attached the vinyl.
4. Carefully position the vinyl on the surface of your MacBook. For the best result, start by positioning the corners of the transfer film in the right place.
5. Slowly apply the vinyl to the surface of your MacBook making sure no air bubbles are between the surface and the sticker. For the best result, do so by starting from one edge of the sticker to the other.
6. Gently press all the air out, making sure the sticker is holding strong. Apply the same way as before: from the center to the sides.
7. Slowly peel the plastic transfer film off from your MacBook. We suggest you to start from one of the corners.
8. Now you have your awesome sticker on your MacBook. Enjoy!


text:
Classes & WorkshopsCraftMuse Mind and BodySavvyBlogWorld Building
Firsts by Beth Daniels, aka Beth Henderson, J.B. Dane, Nied Darnell
Beth Daniels
Posted onMay 8, 2019 at 7:02 PM
Updated onUpdated on May 10, 2019 at 11:49 AM
Life is full of things you do for the first time.
Some you don't remember, though family members will (unless they missed them because you managed them when no one was looking, of course). Things like the first cry at birth, the first time you smiled and it had nothing to do with having gas, the first time you managed to turn over on your own, sit up, crawl, take that first step.
After these things, you stepped up the pace on those firsts you were accumulating – the first words that actually were words, the first sentence, even if it was only three words long.
Other firsts were things that only you would have realized, though not been able to articulate, like the first time you recognized your mother, your father, siblings if you had them or other family members or caregivers if your parents had to return to jobs shortly after your birth. The first time your taste buds said, "no way, this stuff tastes terrible!"
I was the first born of the new generation and there are lots of pictures to prove that. My brothers didn't have quite as many, or pictures of them tend to have me in them. Same with my first cousins 'cause, oh, look, there I am, too!
Then there's the first day at school – it was traumatic for me because I was shy. My 3-year old niece was thrilled to not only be going to school (pre-school, naturally) but with the idea that a BUS was going to pick her up. She knew about school from her three older cousins who sorta consider her a sister rather than a cousin because their mothers do so many things together. She was really hyped on being a real sister – a big sister – when her brother was born a year ago.
We all know that once school age is reached there are further firsts in store. The first friend who isn't a neighbor, the first grade you receive, the first time you get a crush on a member of the opposite sex (or the same one, though for me it was always a boy). My crushes were always silent ones. While no one believes I was ever shy these days, I was painfully so as a child. But others weren't. I remember that during the winter when recess kept us in the classroom that we had a mock wedding between a boy and girl (I don't remember who, only that he was one of the popular boys and didn't mind the ceremony). That idea was probably spawned because our teacher was engaged to get married and would teach while standing near the window at the time of day when her fiancé, a pilot stationed at the air force base, had told her the flight path exercises for the day would take him over our school. Even back then I thought that was romantic.
My mother and father were always kissing each other, hugging. My maternal grandparents, too. The fraternal ones…well, I think Grandpa would have liked to cuddle his girl sometimes but Grandma had broken the notion of such foolish ideas in him long ago. That was sad, though I only thought so much later. And certainly fodder for stories in the future.
But back to our firsts.
There was the first "organization" I belonged to: the Girl Scouts. The first time I went away on a vacation by myself…well, with my best friend – I think that was 6th grade and we spent two weeks in the wilderness Girl Scout camp living in a tent with two other girls. My first vacation as an adult occurred the year I turned 21. I did the bravest thing I'd ever done – because none of my friends wanted to go along (they wanted Hawaiian beaches), I got my first passport, got on my first plane, and went to England – by myself – for three weeks. Oddly enough, I inadvertently collected fodder on that trip for the first of my novels to ever be published, though my trip wasn't as romantic – or dangerous – as my heroine's was.
For some, the high school years supply more firsts than mine did, at least in the romantic line. I went to an all girl's school, and although the all boy's school let out 15 minutes before ours did and a lot of them were hanging about outside when we burst through the doors, no one noticed me in the crowd. Every year I gave them a chance to notice me by going to a school dance with my friends. After never being asked to dance (note that shy element), I waited another year before going again. Same thing happened all four years. Not even the boys I went to grade school with noticed I was there.
But then, they couldn't measure up to the boys in the books I read. I was madly in love with Tom Swift Jr. (okay, it was the early 60s) though neither of the Hardy Boys interested me and I thought Nancy Drew could do better than Ned.
I wrote my first story when I was in the 7th grade. By high school, far more stories were in my secret treasure trove. Senior year I shared the spy story I wrote, a long ago tossed in the trash thing that might have reached novella length called Valhalla. The fact that it was a spy story simply shows that James Bond movies were the blockbusters of the day, and on TV we had The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Girl from U.N.C.L.E, Secret Agent Man, and The Wild, Wild West, which was a spy story. Today some call it early Steampunk but all the gadgets were simply the Secret Service's answer to what Q turned out for James Bond.
Made the first decision that really irritated my parents senior year when I decided that, despite being in the college prep classes for four years, I didn't want to go to college. (Twenty years later, I went back and picked up a BA then moved on to an MA.) That, of course, led to the first in a long line of boring jobs.
My first date finally occurred after the first time I was a bridesmaid in a friend's wedding. I was 21. One of her cousins took a fancy to me. One time out together was enough for me to find him dull and him to find my sense of humor knew no bounds…or at least that he didn't understand it. My first kiss also occurred that year, with a different guy, one a different friend set me up with, and I remember I didn't care much for it, but a bit more practice and I was hooked. Not on him, though. I returned to reading when looking for romance.
By the time I was 23, I'd picked up the dating pace, and went through four guys that year – married the 4th one. We're still good friends although the marriage bombed out at 5 years.
It was after that that I really put my mind to churning out stories and actually submitting them.
The first rejection letter made me cry although it was encouraging and the editor made some suggestions and said she'd like to see it again if I rewrote it. I did so at least three more times, but also wrote two other books over that time. Stumbled upon a 2nd husband (did a lot of romantic "research" between husbands) and became a mother – well, step-mother – for the first time.
And then came the first encouraging call. An agent liked that many times rewritten historical and want to sign me. Three weeks later the even better call came – and editor I'd sent Nikrova's Passion to wanted to go to contract on it. I was quite happy to direct her to my "agent". By the end of the year all three of the full manuscripts I had been collecting rejections on sold to publishers. I thought I was on my way to success.
Well, currently, I'm on my way to success for a third time – because the writing career tanked a couple of times since then – with a switch in genre from historical or contemporary romance to urban fantasy PI mystery adventure comedy…and the first SERIES I launched into. Since moving into a series frame of mind – because it is quite different from writing standalone titles, of which I did before (with the exception of the 7 YA Saved By The Bell books I did on a work for hire contract in the mid 1990s) – I've begun writing far more series related tales.
Whether you're planning on a career as an Independent publisher of your own work or on one with a traditional publisher (or hybrid of the two), word is that SERIES are the way to snag an audience and keep them poised and waiting for more.
That involves more than merely one story. It requires a wider scope to world-building, to character creation and…well, many more firsts.
If you've been considering or already working on an idea for YOUR first series, the upcoming workshop here at Savvy Authors might be of interest to you: The Newbie Guide to Writing a First Series with Beth Daniels . It runs May 6 through June 1st. Register now!
Believe me, writing your first series is involved, but it is so much fun!
RAVEN'S MOON:
It's a new world for PI Bram Farrell, aka The Raven.
Still Detroit but a different Detroit, though the bad guys are still (mostly) not human.
With the clock ticking, even a hellhound sidekick may not be enough to solve murders Bram is accused of committing though!
Release date October 8th, 2019, but in the meantime meet Bram in the prequel novellas that ARE available.
Although she's had "prequel" novellas available at Amazon since last year, the first of the Raven Tale novels, Raven's Moon, launches from Burns and Lea Books October 8th this year.
Find her at www.RomanceAndMystery2.com, www.Muse2Ms.com, or www.WritingSteampunk.com, and Amazon.
Long time Savvy Author workshop presenter, Beth Daniels, got her first call from an editor offering a contract early in September 1989 and continues to spin tales with various male leads because she's a glutton for punishment. As Beth Henderson, Lisa Dane and Beth Cruise in the past, she's written romantic-comedy, historical romantic adventure, and YA romantic-comedy, with a couple sidesteps into romance without comedy or a story that required a stunt team. Currently she's in a countdown to the release of her first novel length urban fantasy story, RAVEN'S MOON, written as J.B. Dane. She also spins Steampunk and Dieselpunk as Nied Darnell. Yes, the hat tree is very full, and she'll answer to nearly any name when called to dinner…preferably at a restaurant. She's quite proud that only a few of her heroines have domestic bones in their bodies for she scoured domesticity from her DNA long ago. Visit her at www.RomanceAndMystery2.com, www.Muse2Ms.com, or www.WritingSteampunk.com.
Beth Danielsfirstsgreek musesJ.B. DanemuseNied DarnellRavens Rest
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Expert Journal of Marketing is an European peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality papers that are made available to worldwide audiences, through open access.
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text:
Activism Global Womens Rights
Murder of Activist and Artist Sparks Protests Against Femicide in Ciudad Juárez
Isabel Cabanillas de la Torre, 26-year-old artist and active feminist, was slain on January 18 in the streets of Juárez, Mexico. A week later protesters gathered in the streets to demand justice for her death and bring new attention to Ciudad Juárez's femicide epidemic that has been allowed to persist for nearly 30 years.
Marching from the center of Juárez to the top of the international bridge connecting to El Paso, Texas women wearing ski masks chanted "Not one more" in a demonstration against gender-based violence. The movement closed the Downtown Paso del Norte international bridge and halted travel into the US, demanding the attention of the mayor and other leaders. The direct attack on women in this bustling city is not new; a spike in the 1990's gained international attention as death tolls of working factory women, labeled "maquiladoras" reached all time highs. Despite this attention the femicide carried on and Ciudad Juárez ended 2019 with a death toll of nearly 1,500 killings. Most of these attacks on women never get solved and their deaths are viewed as just mere numbers. With an average of four deaths per day, the slaying of women is seen as the daily norm.
Ciudad Juárez has also seen a rise in attacks against activism. Isabel was involved with social justice issues being a member of Mesa de Mujeres and Hijas de su Maquilera Madre, both vocal feminist organizations. The reasons behind Cabanillas's killing are unclear, but she would not be the first targeted for her social activism. Others who have spoken out about the femicide in Juárez have fled for their safety and others still have been killed and mutilated for these actions.
A pink cross was placed at the scene of her death to represent the fight against femicide. The wall behind the place where her body was found has been covered in murals remembering Isabel and her mission. Messages like ""Pinto por las que ya no están (I paint for those that are no longer here)" are written on the wall in her memory.
Sources: NPR 1/26/2020; NBC News 1/24/2020; Mexico News Daily 1/27/2020; El Paso Times 1/26/2020
femicide Mexico protests


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text:
Q: Character escaping in C I need to pass some commands to terminal throw C program and get it's input after that.
As a part of it,  I have a line where Expect script must be placed.
FILE *command = popen("script here","r");

Script I need to execute is:
expect -c 'spawn ssh  user@host cat /proc/stat

expect {
-re ".*yes/no.*" {
send "yes\r"
exp_continue
}
"password:" {
send -- "password\r"
}
}
interact'

So, I need to escape several characters so script worked as it need to work.
I tried different sequences of escaping, but all of them are not right.
And thank you for your attention.
UPD:
Without escaping I get error while compiling ( "syntax error before `*'" , "stray '\' in program" and others).
I think that problem caused by new lines, but script don't work if I simply write it in one line. I tried to use \n , but this did not helped me.
So, I cannot simply copy and paste script to C file, it need some processing

A: First things first, C's stringification can help you make multiline-strings easier on the eyes:
char *script = "expect -c 'spawn ssh user@host cat /proc/stat\n\n"
               "expect {\n"
               "-re \".*yes/no.*\"\n"
               "send \"yes\\r\"\n"
               ...

The compiler will happily smash all those strings together for you.
Note of course that the \n are turned into newline characters in the string at compile time, while \\r is turned into \r in the string at compile time, which expect is hopefully turning into a carriage return at run time.
Second thing, are you sure embedding an expect script into an executable program is the right approach? Perhaps the host you are logging into will change along the way; replacing the script is much easier if it is broken out separate from the executable. (I can't tell you how many hundreds of pppd chat scripts I have written in my life, I'm just glad it didn't require a recompile of pppd to make them work!)

A: If you're hardcoding the "script" in your C program, you need to follow the C rules: that means escaping the embedded double-quotes and backslashes...
const char script[] =
    "expect -c 'spawn ssh  user@host cat /proc/stat\n"
    "expect { -re \".*yes/no.*\" { send \"yes\\r\" exp_continue }\n"
    "             \"password:\" { send -- \"password\\r\" }\n"
    "       }\n"
    "interact'\n"

Notice I've also terminated the lines with the C newline escape code '\n'.

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