text:
New grave sites found on Manson land?
Rumors swirled about other possible victims
DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK Now, as then, few venture into this alkaline wilderness - gold-diggers, outlaws, loners content to live and let live.
But a determined group of outsiders recently made the trek. They were leading forensic investigators searching for new evidence of death - clues pointing to possible decades-old clandestine graves.
And the results of just-completed followup tests suggest bodies could indeed be lying beneath the parched ground. The test findings - described in detail to The Associated Press, which had accompanied the site search - conclude there are two likely clandestine grave sites at Barker Ranch, and one additional site that merits further investigation.
Next step, the ad hoc investigators urge: Dig.
For years, rumors have swirled about other possible Manson family victims - hitchhikers who visited them at the ranch and were not seen again, runaways who drifted into the camp then fell out of favor.
The same jailhouse confessions that helped investigators initially connect the band of misfits living in the Panamint Mountains to the gruesome killings that terrorized Los Angeles hinted at other deaths. Manson follower Susan Atkins boasted to her cell mate on November 1, 1969, that there were "three people out in the desert that they done in." Other stories surfaced. In the absence of bodies, they were forgotten.
"We prosecuted Manson and the family for all the murders we could prove. But you know, could he have killed someone else? Possibly. Could another member of the family have killed someone? Sure," said Steve Kay, a former deputy district attorney.
Last month, equipped with cutting-edge forensic technology, the investigators assembled in the ghost town of Ballarat for a 20-mile ride in all-terrain vehicles to the ranch.
The team included two national lab researchers carrying instruments to detect chemical markers of human decomposition, a police investigator with a cadaver-seeking dog, and an anthropologist armed with a magnetic resonance reader.
Also in the group were a woman whose life was forever marked by the cult's brutal murder of her pregnant sister, and a gold prospector who was once Manson's closest neighbor and remains intimate with the sharp creases of the Panamints.
Prospector Emmett Harder guided the expedition.
He had a claim on Manley peak, one of the jagged points looming over Barker Ranch, while the Manson family camped out there in the late 1960s. He shared dinner with the band at times, and gave the men work.
During one of these visits he heard Manson say, "We're not hippies; we're here to get away from the troubles of the world."
Later, Harder would learn more about the cult leader's belief that the end of the world, which he called "Helter Skelter," was near - and Manson's conviction that through murder, he had a role to play in accelerating that chaotic time.
For the last 5 miles of the rugged gravel road from Ballarat, the route tilts sharply upward as it enters narrow Goler Wash.
"The family's plan was to make this impassable - you can see how you could do that here," said Sgt. Paul Dostie, a police detective and dog handler from the town of Mammoth Lakes, pointing to the boulders that protrude like bones from the canyon walls. Any of them could be rolled into the wash, blocking passage.
Barker Ranch was one of several hideouts used by Manson and his followers. The killings that launched the cult onto national newspapers had been orchestrated from Spahn Ranch, a former Western movie set that served as backdrop to episodes of "Bonanza" and "The Lone Ranger."
It was to Spahn that the killers initially retreated after the 1969 murders of Gary Hinman on July 31; Sharon Tate, Jay Sebring, Voytek Frykowski, Abigail Folger and Steven Parent on Aug. 9; and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca on Aug. 10.
This was to signal the start of the apocalyptic race war that Manson told his followers would pit blacks against whites. He preached that they would emerge from the desert at the end and rule over the survivors.
But a daybreak raid on Spahn Ranch on Aug. 16 by Los Angeles sheriff's deputies looking for car thieves netted 26 arrests. All were released a few days later on a technicality - a misdated warrant - but Spahn was no longer safe.
Barker Ranch was where Manson withdrew in those last, frenzied days.
Retracing his steps nearly four decades later, the search group stopped at the dilapidated house. From the porch, the view was clear for miles, broken only by the long twisted stems of creosote bushes and knee-high bunches of desert rabbitbrush.
"After the murder, my mom became a shell of herself," said Debra Tate, who was 17 when her sister, actress Sharon Tate, was killed. Her younger sister Patti was 11. "I filled in at home, as best I could."
Debra Tate's mother, Doris Tate, emerged from years of depression when she heard that a Manson family member was seeking parole.
She gathered 350,000 signatures, helping keep the murderer in prison. She also lobbied successfully to change state law to ensure the rights of victims' family members to make statements during sentencing and parole hearings.
Doris Tate died in 1992. Her youngest daughter, Patti, followed in 2000. Now Debra Tate, 10 years younger than the glamorous, doe-eyed Sharon, whom she grew up admiring, attends the parole hearings alone.
"My mother specifically asked me to carry on," she said, adding, "It's my life."
She has given herself two tasks, she said: making sure her sister's killers never go free, and helping other families find the peace that has eluded her.
"If there are bodies here," she said at the ranch, "we need to find them and send them home."
About 100 yards behind the house, Dostie readied his trained dog, Buster, for the search.
"Go find Fred!" Dostie said, releasing the dog on the command that sends him searching for human remains.
The dog bounded away, zigzagging over the terrain. Then he lay down in a depression in the ground, quivering, ears upright. Buster looked at his trainer and emitted a high-pitched whine.
"He's alerting," Dostie said, throwing the dog his reward and planting a flag on the site.
Meanwhile, Arpad Vass and Marc Wise, senior researchers from Tennessee's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, were readying the first of the instruments they'd brought, capable of chemically detecting evidence of decades-old human bodies. It was a hand-held device shaped like a gun.
"It's a crude sniffer," said Vass. "It gives us a quick indication of areas we want to come back to."
The machine detects fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds, one of the approximately 400 types of volatile organic compounds emitted by human bodies during decomposition. Focusing on these compounds is important because Vass believes they're formed as the fluoride added to urban drinking water is released after death.
Their presence helps differentiate a human bone from bones from wild animals, explained Vass, who has spent years developing a decomposition odor database using bodies donated to the Oak Ridge lab.
The instrument beeped at regular intervals. As it approached the ground, the beeping accelerated until it was a steady stream of sound.
"That's impressive," said Wise, a senior researcher at Oak Ridge specializing in environmental analytical chemistry. Vass agreed.
Using a thin, 3-foot long probe, Vass tested the soil in the area. It slid into the ground without much effort.
"Undisturbed soil isn't this easy to probe," he said.
"The loose soil area is roughly like this," he said, using the tip of the instrument to draw a long oval on the ground. "It's about three feet deep."
"We need to do an IR," he said, turning to Wise.
He was calling for the next piece of machinery - larger and heavier, but more specific. It could be calibrated to detect different compounds, using technology known as infrared spectroscopy to "read" a particular molecule's profile.
"We're getting the highest hits here, where the ground is soft," said Wise. "There's definitely something down there," he said. "We just can't know yet exactly what until we dig.
"Or who," said Vass.
The men crouched close to the ground, gathering three samples of dirt from each area of interest for further analysis using more finely tuned lab equipment that could not be brought into the field.
The group broke for lunch. Dostie shared bread and cold cuts in front of the ranch house where Manson was finally arrested, in October 1969, after being found crammed in a bathroom cabinet.
Afterward, Daniel Larson took up his part of the investigation. An archaeologist at California State University, Long Beach, Larson has used Ground Penetrating Radar and a magnetometer - an instrument that can peer 12 feet into the ground - in archaeological work and to help find burial sites.
At Barker Ranch, he took 5,327 readings of the ground at the suspect site, stopping every four inches within a 26-by-20-foot grid, looking for discrepancies that indicated earth had been moved.
"What I'm looking for is the pit, not the bones," he explained.
He'll have to return later to use the Ground Penetrating Radar. The soil still held some moisture from recent storms, and that could disturb the results.
Watching the scientists do their work, Harder spoke of his memories of the Manson clan - the churlish, armed young men, the pretty girls with blank, doll-like expressions.
"I didn't feel real easy around them," he said. "They picked up all kinds of people - hitchhikers and stuff."
He particularly remembers two teenage runaways who escaped the ranch, then stopped at a nearby mining camp for food. They had enough fear in them to make it out of the rugged mountains barefoot, said Harder.
They turned themselves in to the California Highway Patrol at the mouth of Anvil Springs Canyon - booked as Stephanie Jean Schram, 17, a runaway from Anaheim, and Kathryn Rene Lutesinger, 17, a runaway from Los Angeles, on Oct. 10, 1969.
"Both females stated that they were attempting to run away from 'Charlie' the leader of the 'family' and that they were afraid of their lives," read the CHP report.
Their fear was well-founded. Following the police raid on Spahn Ranch in August, Manson and the family killed ranch hand Donald "Shorty" Shea for "snitching" and buried him out there.
That body wasn't found until more than eight years later.
"I dug it up myself" about a quarter-mile behind the ranch house, said Sgt. Bill Gleason, a now-retired homicide investigator with the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department.
"There were rumors of other deaths, minors killed out in Death Valley," said Gleason, who took part in the original Spahn Ranch raid. "We just didn't have anything concrete to link to the Manson family."
The runaway girls didn't know how close they'd come to becoming another one of these rumors.
The day they turned themselves in, CHP officers headed to Barker Ranch for the first of what would be two car theft raids.
On their way, they arrested two men - booked as Gary Milton Tufts and Randy J. Mourglea - whom they found asleep at the mouth of Goler Wash, a sawed-off shotgun between them. They were from Barker Ranch, CHP said.
When told of the arrests, both girls told officers they believed the armed men were sent "to stop them from walking away," according to CHP's report.
Were others less lucky when they tried to escape?
Vass said that, considering the quantity and the types of markers of human decomposition found, the cadaver dog's response, and the probing exercise, he found enough evidence to warrant further testing at a deeper level and a full-scale excavation at Barker Ranch, according to the report he issued to law enforcement.
"I'd recommend a dig, excavate the sites," said Dostie, who reviewed the report.
But if a body is found on the Barker Ranch, then what?
The likelihood of a new prosecution appears slim. Locating remains would be just the first step, said Patrick Sequeira, the Los Angeles County deputy district attorney who has been in charge of the Manson family parole hearings since Kay's retirement.
"You have to tie them to someone who has disappeared, and there were a lot of people floating in and out of the family environment who were runaways, or hiding out," he said.
Then investigators would have to find out who killed them, where, and who could testify, he said.
The Manson family members currently in prison are already serving life sentences - the maximum penalty allowed at the time the crimes were committed.
Still, Sequeira did not discourage the efforts of the crime scene re-investigators. "I'd love to see them put something together," he said.


Detailed video on how taste buds work. Video shows how saliva breaks down food so the taste buds can go to work. Discusses the differences between bitter, sweet, salty, or sour taste buds. The video shows the differences between a nontaster and a super taster. Run time 04:07.
Jillian Manus, a partner at an early-stage venture capital firm, takes on a challenging work environment where even forward-thinking men can feel lost.
This activity considers professional competency frameworks and how they relate to professional and personal development.
Learn about what a protactor is, and how to use it to draw angles in this simple instructional video.
Dec. 27 - Honda destroys flood affected Thai cars, making good on pledge not to use or sell vehicles and parts that were affected by the flood waters. Rough Cut (no reporter narration).


text:
What if Windows 8 fails?
By Randall C. Kennedy
It's the hypothetical scenario many IT pros try to ignore: What if Microsoft's Windows 8 launch is a dud? What if Surface is a flop, the $40 upgrade promotion fizzles and all of those slick new Windows RT tablets don't fly off the shelves?
Given today's consumer-driven BYOD IT culture, it's a very real possibility. The Windows ecosystem simply doesn't hold the gravitas it once did, with users finding every possible excuse to cut the enterprise cord and dump their clunky old IT-issued laptops and desktops. It's like the cold war-era Soviet Union facing off against Western society: Once the populace got a taste of Levis and free speech, there was no holding them back.
In this metaphor, Microsoft is like Gorbachev: Dangling the carrot of "free Office" on each RT tablet in an effort to entice users back into the Windows fold. However, many of these users have already emigrated outside of the Redmond giant's sphere of influence. They've tasted the fruit of Apple's orchard and are not going back to the stale bread lines of the evil empire. If anything, the fact that a device is running any version of Windows -- even one with a slick, touch-centric UI pasted on top -- is a huge turn-off. iOS and, to a lesser degree, Android, are fresh and new, while Windows 8 feels like so much warmed-over "Glasnost."
So, there's a very real chance that Windows 8 will fail to either co-opt or stem the BYOD tide, which means that IT needs to start thinking about the realities of a post-Microsoft world. For starters, the Win32 API will no longer be the defining standard for application compatibility.
Ironically, it is Microsoft that is leading the charge to kill Win32. With WinRT (the API, not the tablet OS), the company is frog marching its developer community away from what has long been its proprietary "ace in the hole". In Win32's place, they're pushing HTML5, a generic, web-centric standard that runs great on all of those non-Windows devices from Apple, Google, Research in Motion, etc.
Next, with the decline of the Windows client OS and APIs comes the obviation of myriad PC configuration and systems management solutions. Suddenly, those huge investments IT made in Systems Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) and related technologies are moot. The new name of the game is heterogeneous Mobile Device Management (MDM), and it's already got a bunch of established players who have a huge head start on Microsoft. In fact, the folks from Redmond are just now preparing to field the necessary iOS and Android SCCM extensions.
To be sure, there will be instances where Microsoft's heavy-lifting capabilities are still relied upon: In the data center, messaging infrastructure and corporate web presence functions. However, without control of the client space, Microsoft will see the rapid decline of its IT hegemony as Windows 7 systems begin to age and more and more users either buy or are issued mobile devices running non-Microsoft operating systems.
It's the classic "death spiral" scenario: A disruptive technology (iPhone/iPad) comes along and changes the rules, leaving the established players to either adapt or die. In Microsoft's case, it responded too slowly to the surge in BYOD, and now it's in the precarious position of playing catch up in a game where none of its traditional strengths are applicable.
The next six months will be crucial for Microsoft. Will it once again be able to "embrace and extend" its way out of a jam? Or will version 8 become the empire's swan song as the hammers and sickles tear down its once impenetrable Windows fortress?
Me? I'm betting on the guys with the hand tools.
113 Responses to What if Windows 8 fails?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Even what I'm planning to do in April can likely be summed up quite concisely, so let's get to it, shall we?
12×12: For the first time since 12×12 began in January 2012, I didn't get a picture book draft written in March. I did pull out the beginnings of a draft that I'd scribbled (if that's the word) on my iPhone notepad in late February, but couldn't see where to go with it, so set it aside.
Chapter Book Challenge: When I signed up for this challenge, I was filled with hopeful thoughts about writing a chapter book draft during the month of March, but other projects took over, as you will soon see. Perhaps ChaBooCha 2014 will see success from me!
Plot Structure Class: We're well into the third week of the class, and it is proving beneficial. It is also proving to take quite a bit of time to do the assignments thoroughly. This is not a surprise, but it does explain why some things had to be set aside.
Writing: I spent a great deal of time and effort doing revisions (and more revisions) of my middle grade novel. It is now off east to have a manuscript evaluation. I took a few days to breathe, and started another middle grade novel! I find I like writing for this age group very much. The new project grew out of an idea I had back in July 2012 in Sag Harbor, NY. A few days ago I suddenly knew the name of the main character, and the start of the story. The next day, I fleshed out a basic outline, and I've now written seven chapters of the first draft. This one's a mystery, something I've never written before, and I'm enjoying the writing of it very much. Stay tuned!
Just a few notes about April plans: You'll likely be glad to know I won't be doing the post-a-day A-to-Z blogging challenge this year. That was an interesting exercise, and I made some valued friendships through it, but it was very demanding in terms of writing posts and I know it was a lot to ask of you, my readers, to read a post every day.
This April, instead, I'll be cutting back on my blogging even more than I did last month. Besides opting out of Perfect Picture Book Fridays again this month (I will be back, Susanna and gang, I promise!) my This Day in the Arts posts will also go on hiatus for the month of April. There will be regular posts on Mondays and there will also be brief posts on Thursdays, but that is all the blogging that you'll see here in April.
The blogging cutback is to allow myself as much time as possible for the plot structure class and for my writing, as well as for exploring a few possibilities that as yet are just tiny stars in my eyes.
So — on to April and whatever it may hold.
Oh I wish I had your talent for MG. It sounds perfect for you, Beth. Good luck with April!
I'm with you, Beth! Instead of blogging today, I am catching up on my email, the Picture Book Academy class and some of my own work. I hope my friends/readers agree, we should have a "no blog" day now and then for everyone's sake.
So glad that your MG work is going so well, Beth! I didn't manage a March PB draft, either. I have been glad to only blog twice a week this year and have more time for my writing, which has to be my priority!
I always like to read your accountability posts. They are inspiring to me because you always have many irons in the fire and seem to juggle them well! Good luck with your April writing endeavors.
As always, you are gettin' it done, Beth! Nice update. My plans are to plop down in my chair for an hour a day and write something. Yup. That's about it.
I think you have made a great decision, Beth! You have a ton of writing things on your plate and you'll need to concentrate on those first. You have a lot of loyal blog followers who will be here when you get back. Have a super productive April!
Writing for middle grades is so much fun, I can see how you are so excited about it. Best of luck!
Beth! You're a whirlwind of activity! I don't know how you do it all.
Good to know about the blogging. I thought you'd cut back a bit, wasn't sure if it was just because I'm not around much and was missing things.
Plot School sounds VERY cool and useful.


text:
The Importance of Demographics in Direct Mail
Free popular children's games
Postcard Marketing Tips
Featured TV Shows and Computer Games
The Sony Ericsson Vivaz Pro Is An Impressive All Rounder
The best of paid applications
By Debbie Gordon
The iPhone has a plethora of applications that are made available on it. While some of them are free, some of them can be downloaded for a price. The price is often a nominal one, more in acknowledgement of the creativity and effort that has gone into the creation of the application. There are several popular ones among the paid applications.
The Cell Phone Tracker Pro is one that everyone would like to own. What it claims to do is track your cell phone no matter where it is. It can also give you the location of a person based on certain inputs. The application may have some glitches which will be ironed out in time. When the game Bejeweled first hit the Internet, it became a phenomenon overnight. People were addicted to it. The fact that there is now an iPhone application for it is added testimony. This is the second release of the game. There are several levels to play and the scores are easily visible with a lot of fanfare.
Businessmen know the importance of conference calls. Being able to switch between WiFi and 3G as you pass through networks is also an important factor. The only thing missing in this application is the PUSH ability. At $15, this is an application that has found a number of downloads and several satisfied users.
Who would imagine that a game like Monopoly can be played on a phone? Well now it can, thanks to the iPhone application that makes it possible. It has all the features of the board game and has great interactivity. It is great way to pass time. There are times when you will feel that the application is rigged to win in some ways especially in the medium and difficult game stages. But overall it is a nice application to have.
For avid computer games, the All-In-1 box is an ideal set up. It has 5 interactive games that cater all types of players. It has a mix of puzzle and sniper games with a larger inclination towards sniper games. It is easily set up and the navigational skills required are minimal. TXT is an application that will allow you to send unlimited number of free text messages to any phone based in the US. This is one application that the younger users of iPhone will be most pleased with. Facebook Ultimate - an application that keeps in plugged into the social networking site that has taken the world by Storm.
Debbie Z Gordon also writes iPhone App Reviews for AppShouter
Tags: phenomenon plethora monopoly creativity puzzle businessmen acknowledgement cell phone inclination computer games fanfare glitches testimony board game wifi interactive games 3g iphone
Source: http://www.a1articles.com/the-best-of-paid-applications-1523441.html


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Just a quick pop-in to show some photos recently shared with us of the upcoming yellow Toyota 2000GT from Hot Wheels.
These photos show it off better than the previous photos we had, and we have to say it looks better than we expected. We still could do without the additional stripes, and we know Hot Wheels does not have a basic wheels that works perfectly, so the grey MC5's will have to do.
We always take the approach that more is better, so into the collection it goes. And if we take away our desire for a completely realistic deco, this is actually really sharp.
I like it, Looks real good with those wheels too. They could have detailed the taillights.
I'm surprised. Not impressing me at all. The recolor isn't that much sporty. Why can't Hot Wheels make the 2000GT more better and sporty? My gosh the black one impresses me more. The golden lipped MC5's, the white and red stripes, gives more sporty looking. But this one, no sporty looks. It's like, come on Hot Wheels.
And the things that doesn't impress me on the recolor are the wheels and the stripe colors.
Wheels- because there is no lipped color on the wheels. You know on the 2014 black version 2000GT? The wheels are black and plus, there's golden lipped MC5 wheels there. So, why not lipped MC5 wheels on this one again? I know there's black wheels just like the black version, but you can see the difference that the black version has DARKER black, so you can see that this one has LIGHTER black MC5's. Now do some of you get it?
Stripe color- Doesn't impress me. The stripe color needs some better colors. Like, instead of blue and black, Hot Wheels would have put DARKER blue, and a green stripe instead for a change.
That's it for now. I'll see y'all guys later on.
Great! I'll take this one too!
Are we certain those wheels grey and not a dark green? It's hard to tell from my perspective? These photos are more appealing that the initial fuzz-photo so I will reluctantly buy one for the collection… or so I think at this moment.
I wonder if they will use this car in white for the Retro Entertainment series for the James Bond movie.
The casting is great, I'm just not much of a fan of most hot wheels yellows. Mainly because the color thins really badly around edges. Just makes it look dirty to me.
This might be my favorite version yet. I love the gun metal grey HW been using to paint wheels.
That car is screaming to be made into a custom resembling this… http://blog.lexus.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/200GT-and-LFA.jpg http://blog.lexus.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/LFA-and-2000GT.jpg?


text:
Nrisinghapur is a census town in the Santipur CD block in the Ranaghat subdivision of the Nadia district in the state of West Bengal, India.

Geography

Location
Nrisinghapur is located at .

The map of Santipur CD block, in the District Census Handbook 2011, Nadia, shows Harinadibhastsala as being adjacent to Nrisinghapur.

Area overview
Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of Hooghly River, locally known as Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature. The Ranaghat subdivision has the Bhagirathi on the west, with Purba Bardhaman and Hooghly districts lying across the river. Topographically, Ranaghat subdivision is spread across the Krishnanagar-Santipur Plain, which occupies the central part of the district, and the Ranaghat-Chakdaha Plain, the low-lying area found in the south-eastern part of the district. The Churni separates the two plains. A portion of the east forms the boundary with Bangladesh. The lower portion of the east is covered by a portion of the North 24 Parganas district. The subdivision has achieved reasonably high urbanisation. 41.68% of the population lives in urban areas and 58.32% lives in rural areas.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. All the four subdivisions are presented with maps on the same scale – the size of the maps vary as per the area of the subdivision.

Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Nrisinghapur had a total population of 11,336, of which 5,891 (52%) were males and 5,445 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,096. The total number of literate persons in Nrisinghapur was 7,315 (71.44% of the population over 6 years).

Infrastructure
According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Nadia, Nrisinghapur covered an area of 6.0083 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 3 km roads with both open and closed drains, the protected water supply involved hand pump, tube well, borewell. It had 2,000 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities, the nearest hospital was 9 km away. Among the educational facilities it had 6 primary schools, 1 senior secondary school. Two important items it produced were rice, tant.

Education
Nrisinghapur High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1957. The school has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 2,800 books, 5 computers and a playground.

Santipur College was established at Santipur in 1948.

Ranaghat College was established at Ranaghat in 1950.

Healthcare
Nabla (Fulia) Block Primary Health Centre, with 10 beds at Fulia Colony, is the major government medical facility in the Santipur CD block.

Santipur State General Hospital at Santipur functions with 131 beds.

References

Cities and towns in Nadia district

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bu faylda, president.az saytından götürülmüş məqalələr yer almaqdadır. Təqribən 625 məqalə eldə edilmişdir. Məqalələrin içində digər mənbələrdən sitatlar gətirildiyi üçün digər dillərdə də sözlər mövcuddur.

### Note
Bu məqalələrin heç birinə toxunulmamışdır. Bütün haqqları president.az saytına aiddir.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How do you fill in or bypass HTTP Basic Auth in Rails 5.2 System Tests? I'm writing some tests for a site that is protected with http authentication on all pages.
I've managed to come across a way of bypassing it for controller tests by doing the following
get exams_url, headers: {'HTTP_AUTHORIZATION' => ActionController::HttpAuthentication::Basic.encode_credentials('admin','admin') }
But how do I get past it for a system test? I've been searching around for hours to try and find a solution for this, but all of the suggestions I've found appear to be for older versions of Rails/Capybara and do not work. There doesn't appear to be anything in the Rails testing documentation regarding this either.

A: Okay, this seems to do the trick for me
def visit_with_http_auth(path)
  username = 'admin'
  password = 'admin'
  visit "http://#{username}:#{password}@#{Capybara.current_session.server.host}:#
  {Capybara.current_session.server.port}#{path}"
end

And then in my test methods I just do
test "visiting the index" do
  visit_with_http_auth questions_path
  assert_selector "h1", text: "Questions"
end

A: There's no need to mess with Capybara. Just add this method to ActiveSupport::TestCase in your test_helper.rb:
def visit_authenticated(url)
  uri = URI.parse(url)
  uri.user = 'put_your_user_here'
  uri.password = 'put_your_password_here'
  visit uri
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


MILAN - "Drive out the real culprits from the Vatican. Again to pay is the usual scapegoat. What better victim of the Holy Father Butler. The truth lies in the central power." The crow still flies in the Vatican. Circles, points and hits while Benedict XVI is on an official visit for three days in Milan looking for some time to calm the poisons that besiege him. The Crow turns out to surprise new documents. Three, to be precise, of which the Republic is in possession of and which currently offers. But, immediately warned the source of these cards as we have "hundreds". He writes in a letter - which is a prelude to the three documents - beat the computer. Proving, if proof were needed, that the butler of the Pope accused of being the postman letters of spillover in the past by the Holy See, "the scapegoat" as defined by the letter, is by no means the only one. Why is a raven, in fact, is still active. "The truth - complaint - to be found in the central power." He explains: "Ovverossia, in the private archives of Mgr. Georg Gaenswein secretary of the Holy Father, from which emerge all the time many confidential documents in favor of the Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone."
Strong accusation, which is the source of its own, the private secretary of Pope Benedict XVI, a man in whom the Pope instead puts the utmost confidence, and that for many years is the person to whom rely not only for matters of a personal nature, but also spiritual and political. In recent years, Monsignor Gaenswein has greatly increased its influence in the Apartment, gaining a role of some of the casual, yet tangible and clear to all, an advisor to Joseph Ratzinger, who is also the fellow. Adds the raven in his letter prior to the three papers: "Things do not always go your way and between the Cardinal and Archbishop Georg steps are uncontrolled documents and documents highly confidential." As if to say, documents and internal documents in transit from the apartment to the office of Papal Secretary of State, and vice versa, sometimes they also take other roads. And their control is lost.
The crow looks like this "three of the hundreds of documents in our possession." The first is a "highly confidential letter" addressed to Cardinal Bertone from the prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, and concerns that bubble as "the shameful story of the Neocatechumenal Way, on which there is a long note written by hand by the Benedict XVI" . The other two letters with the signature, apparently, of Monsignor Gaenswein. And that concern, we are told, "some regrettable and shameful events in the Vatican." The two papers take up the arms of the Holy See with the heading "Vatican City". And below the signature extended hand, of "Don Georg Gaenswein." Below, the printed words "Special Secretary of His Holiness Benedict XVI." One of them is dated February 19, 2009. The text of the letters was omitted. Explain the raven: "We do not publish so as not to offend the whole Person of the Holy Father, already sorely tried by his inept staff." And he warns: "In fairness we reserve the right to publish the full texts if you insist on hiding the truth of the facts." Then concludes: "Drive out the real from the Vatican responsible for this scandal: Gaenswein Archbishop and Cardinal Bertone". Harsh accusations, unproven, unsubstantiated and here.
The letter addressed to Bertone however, at the Secretary of State, bears the signature of Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke. It is dated January 14, 2012 and is received, as evidenced by a stamp, Jan. 16. In the text a number of the Supreme Tribunal of the Holy See, writes that he found on his desk an invitation to a celebration of the Pope's planned six days later, "upon approval of the liturgy of the Neocatechumenal Way." The prelate is very upset about it, angry. "I can not - it says - as a Cardinal and member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, do not extend to Your Eminence the wonder that the invitation has caused me. Not remember hearing of a consultation about it ' approval of its own liturgy of this church movement. I have received in recent days by several people, even from an estimated U.S. Bishop, expressions of concern about such a papal approval, which they had already learned. This was news to me purely rumor or speculation. Now I discovered that they were right. " This completes the Burke his letter to Cardinal Bertone: "How faithfully expert teaching of the Holy Father on the liturgical reform that is essential for the new evangelization, I believe that approval of such liturgical innovations, even after correction of the same by Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship in the Discipline of the Sacraments, does not seem consistent with the liturgical teachings of the Pope. "
The topic is of primary importance for the insiders. Right at the beginning of this year the Holy See had approved, after 15 years of study by the Congregation for Divine Worship, liturgy given by the Neocatechumenal Way. Organization created in Spain in the mid-sixties at the initiative of painter Kiko Arguello, the movement aims to educate its members in Catholicism and the rediscovery of baptism. Their way of celebrating has been the subject of several discussions. The Neocatechumenal Way, in short, is being celebrated in a small community on Saturday evening, and receive communion in their place, but standing and sitting.
The new letters are the raven, in any case, the sign that the battle inside the Vatican is still ongoing. It shows that "Paoletto," the waiter Benedict XVI arrested ten days ago by the Vatican Gendarmerie on charges that he brought out of the papal documents confidential, even if he were guilty, it's just a small fish. The Crow is back. And, as was clear from the beginning of this story, is not embodied in one person. Just last Wednesday, during the general audience in St. Peter's Square, the Pope had wanted to reaffirm its full confidence "to all my colleagues." Just the main collaborators of the Pope are mentioned in these writings: Cardinal Bertone and Don Georg. So a battle that continues. And what makes this game seem like only the very beginning, presaging the shadow of new twists.


text:
In general topology and related areas of mathematics, the final topology (or coinduced, strong, colimit, or inductive topology) on a set  with respect to a family of functions from topological spaces into  is the finest topology on  that makes all those functions continuous.

The quotient topology on a quotient space is a final topology, with respect to a single surjective function, namely the quotient map. The disjoint union topology is the final topology with respect to the inclusion maps. The final topology is also the topology that every direct limit in the category of topological spaces is endowed with, and it is in the context of direct limits that the final topology often appears.  A topology is coherent with some collection of subspaces if and only if it is the final topology induced by the natural inclusions.

The dual notion is the initial topology, which for a given family of functions from a set  into topological spaces is the coarsest topology on  that makes those functions continuous.

Definition

Given a set  and an -indexed family of topological spaces  with associated functions

the  is the finest topology  on  such that

is continuous for each .

Explicitly, the final topology may be described as follows:
a subset  of  is open in the final topology  (that is, ) if and only if  is open in  for each .

The closed subsets have an analogous characterization:
a subset  of  is closed in the final topology  if and only if  is closed in  for each .

The family  of functions that induces the final topology on  is usually a set of functions.  But the same construction can be performed if  is a proper class of functions, and the result is still well-defined in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.  In that case there is always a subfamily  of  with  a set, such that the final topologies on  induced by  and by  coincide.  For more on this, see for example the discussion here.  As an example, a commonly used variant of the notion of compactly generated space is defined as the final topology with respect to a proper class of functions.

Examples

The important special case where the family of maps  consists of a single surjective map can be completely characterized using the notion of quotient maps. A surjective function  between topological spaces is a quotient map if and only if the topology   on  coincides with the final topology  induced by the family . In particular: the quotient topology is the final topology on the quotient space induced by the quotient map.

The final topology on a set  induced by a family of -valued maps can be viewed as a far reaching generalization of the quotient topology, where multiple maps may be used instead of just one and where these maps are not required to be surjections.

Given topological spaces , the disjoint union topology on the disjoint union  is the final topology on the disjoint union induced by the natural injections.

Given a family of topologies  on a fixed set  the final topology on  with respect to the identity maps  as  ranges over  call it  is the infimum (or meet) of these topologies  in the lattice of topologies on  That is, the final topology  is equal to the intersection

The direct limit of any direct system of spaces and continuous maps is the set-theoretic direct limit together with the final topology determined by the canonical morphisms.
Explicitly, this means that if  is a direct system in the category Top of topological spaces and if  is a direct limit of  in the category Set of all sets, then by endowing  with the final topology  induced by   becomes the direct limit of  in the category Top.

The étalé space of a sheaf is topologized by a final topology.

A first-countable Hausdorff space  is locally path-connected if and only if  is equal to the final topology on  induced by the set  of all continuous maps  where any such map is called a path in

If a Hausdorff locally convex topological vector space  is a Fréchet-Urysohn space then  is equal to the final topology on  induced by the set  of all arcs in  which by definition are continuous paths  that are also topological embeddings.

Properties

Characterization via continuous maps
Given functions  from topological spaces  to the set , the final topology on  with respect to these functions  satisfies the following property:
a function  from  to some space  is continuous if and only if  is continuous for each

This property characterizes the final topology in the sense that if a topology on  satisfies the property above for all spaces  and all functions , then the topology on  is the final topology with respect to the

Behavior under composition
Suppose  is a family of maps, and for every  the topology  on  is the final topology induced by some family  of maps valued in . Then the final topology on  induced by  is equal to the final topology on  induced by the maps

As a consequence: if  is the final topology on  induced by the family  and if  is any surjective map valued in some topological space  then  is a quotient map if and only if  has the final topology induced by the maps

By the universal property of the disjoint union topology we know that given any family of continuous maps  there is a unique continuous map

that is compatible with the natural injections.
If the family of maps    (i.e. each  lies in the image of some ) then the map  will be a quotient map if and only if  has the final topology induced by the maps

Effects of changing the family of maps

Throughout, let  be a family of -valued maps with each map being of the form  and let  denote the final topology on  induced by
The definition of the final topology guarantees that for every index  the map  is continuous.

For any subset  the final topology  on  will be  than (and possibly equal to) the topology ; that is,  implies  where set equality might hold even if  is a proper subset of

If  is any topology on  such that  and  is continuous for every index  then  must be  than  (meaning that  and  this will be written ) and moreover, for any subset  the topology  will also be  than the final topology  that  induces on  (because ); that is,

Suppose that in addition,  is an -indexed family of -valued maps  whose domains are topological spaces
If every  is continuous then adding these maps to the family  will  change the final topology on  that is,
Explicitly, this means that the final topology on  induced by the "extended family"  is equal to the final topology  induced by the original family
However, had there instead existed even just one map  such that  was  continuous, then the final topology  on  induced by the "extended family"  would necessarily be  than the final topology  induced by  that is,  (see this footnote for an explanation).

Coherence with subspaces

Let  be a topological space and let  be a family of subspaces of  where importantly, the word "sub" is used to indicate that each subset  is endowed with the subspace topology  inherited from
The space  is said to be  with the family  of subspaces if  where  denotes the final topology induced by the inclusion maps  where for every  the inclusion map takes the form

Unraveling the definition,  is coherent with  if and only if the following statement is true:
for every subset   is open in  if and only if for every   is open in the subspace

Closed sets can be checked instead:  is coherent with  if and only if for every subset   is closed in  if and only if for every   is closed in

For example, if  is a cover of a topological space  by open subspaces (i.e. open subsets of  endowed with the subspace topology) then  is coherent with
In contrast, if  is the set of all singleton subsets of  (each set being endowed with its unique topology) then  is coherent with  if and only if  is the discrete topology on
The disjoint union is the final topology with respect to the family of canonical injections.
A space  is called  and a  if  is coherent with the set  of all compact subspaces of
All first-countable spaces and all Hausdorff locally compact spaces are -spaces, so that in particular, every manifold and every metrizable space is coherent with the family of all its compact subspaces.

As demonstrated by the examples that follows, under certain circumstance, it may be possible to characterize a more general final topology in terms of coherence with subspaces.
Let  be a family of -valued maps with each map being of the form  and let  denote the final topology on  induced by
Suppose that  is a topology on  and for every index  the image  is endowed with the subspace topology  inherited from
If for every  the map  is a quotient map then  if and only if  is coherent with the set of all images

Final topology on the direct limit of finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces

Let

denote the , where  denotes the space of all real sequences.
For every natural number  let  denote the usual Euclidean space endowed with the Euclidean topology and let  denote the inclusion map defined by  so that its image is

and consequently,

Endow the set  with the final topology  induced by the family  of all inclusion maps.
With this topology,  becomes a complete Hausdorff locally convex sequential topological vector space that is  a Fréchet–Urysohn space.
The topology  is strictly finer than the subspace topology induced on  by  where  is endowed with its usual product topology.
Endow the image  with the final topology induced on it by the bijection  that is, it is endowed with the Euclidean topology transferred to it from  via
This topology on  is equal to the subspace topology induced on it by
A subset  is open (respectively, closed) in  if and only if for every  the set  is an open (respectively, closed) subset of
The topology  is coherent with the family of subspaces
This makes  into an LB-space.
Consequently, if  and  is a sequence in  then  in  if and only if there exists some  such that both  and  are contained in  and  in

Often, for every  the inclusion map  is used to identify  with its image  in  explicitly, the elements  and  are identified together.
Under this identification,  becomes a direct limit of the direct system  where for every  the map  is the inclusion map defined by  where there are  trailing zeros.

Categorical description

In the language of category theory, the final topology construction can be described as follows. Let  be a functor from a discrete category  to the category of topological spaces Top that selects the spaces  for  Let  be the diagonal functor from Top to the functor category TopJ (this functor sends each space  to the constant functor to ). The comma category  is then the category of co-cones from  i.e. objects in  are pairs  where  is a family of continuous maps to  If  is the forgetful functor from Top to Set and Δ′ is the diagonal functor from Set to SetJ then the comma category  is the category of all co-cones from  The final topology construction can then be described as a functor from  to  This functor is left adjoint to the corresponding forgetful functor.

See also

Notes

Citations

References

 . (Provides a short, general introduction in section 9 and Exercise 9H)

General topology


Skyler, Josef and Paul are on a mission to save Dimitri from a slow tortuous death at the hands of the Lycans. The wolves mistake Dimitri for a monster that will destroy them all when all he's ever done is protect them.
Skyler learns she has more gifts than she thought, but will they be enough to keep them all safe as they attempt to free Dimitri? Will they reach Dimitri before his heart is attacked by the silver the Lycans have been injecting into his body?
I enjoyed this story, "Dark Wolf," by Christine Feehan. The scenes are vividly described. The characters are people I'd like to get to know more because I appreciate their loyalty and love for one another.
The audiobook is well produced by Brilliance Audio at http://www.audiobookstanddl.com/. The two narrators, Phil Gigante and Natalie Ross, do an excellent job team reading "Dark Wolf." Trading off when the male or female characters are prominent in the scenes. The characters are easy to identify and the story free flowing with dialog that lends itself well to reading.
"Dark Wolf," brings new life to the Carpathian story adding new possibilities to the characters and their journey fighting vampires and evil where ever they find it. Christine Feehan's characters bring healing to those that need it the most. The evil elements in the stories are brought to justice in ways that are fair and equatable. The women are strong and capable of taking care of themselves and those they love. Keep on writing, Christine.
I'm thankful that Hennepin County Library had this title available on Overdrive rented downloads.


text:
Q: The building target and min sdk version I am trying to make an android app. I am struggle at finding the suitable API level for my first app. I also not sure what min ark version is and what should I type in while creating a new project.
Can someone please answer me how to determine the correct API level and also what exactly is min sdk version??
Thank you

A: Minimum SDK version specifies that you application will work on minimum that android version and above. It also helps application to be showed on market. So when you put minimum sdk version like 8, your application will work on minimum android version 8 and above.

A: It's recommended to choose the lower that you use in your application to your "minSdkVersion".
Generally I used the minSdkVersion 7 (= Android 2.1 Eclair) to reach a maximum of people. You can find a pie chart here.
When you develop, do not hesitate to increase your minSdkVersion if you used a new API, you can find the API levels for any methods in the Android reference.


text:
You Can Buy an Entire Village in England for $28 Million
West Heslerton in the county of Yorkshire is on the market.
by Erik Shilling April 5, 2016
The Dawney Arms, the village's pub. (Photo: Google Maps)
The English village of West Heslerton probably was the site of an ancient settlement, but these days, it is modest: Forty-three homes, a 21-room mansion, a gas station, and a pub. It's the home of 409 people according to the last count.
It has also, for over 150 years, been owned by a single family. But five years ago, Eve Dawney, the most recent owner, died, calling the 2,116-acre village's fate into question.
Dawney did not specify a specific heir and, after five years of mulling it over, her family has decided to sell West Heslerton. The price? Twenty million pounds, or around $28 million.
"She was very kind and the property rents are–and have always been–very low," Tom Watson, the property's real estate agent, tells the BBC. "This has helped keep a vibrant village community with a mixed group of ages and there are obviously a lot of people hoping that somebody with a similar benevolent nature will come along to take over the estate."
If you're interested, you may have company. Watson told the BBC that the listing has sparked interest "far and wide."
A Vicarious Freedive With Seals in the Atlantic Ocean
Follow a diver during his swim with seals off the coast of Cape Town.
englandvillagesnews
Police Impersonators in the UK Are Now on the Hijacking Beat
Thieves pretending to be cops keep stopping people in Essex, UK, and stealing their vans.
Erik Shilling July 26, 2016
The Mystery of the 'Beast of Dartmoor' Has (Apparently) Been Solved
Big cats had been spotted in the English park for three decades—but no one knew why.
No One Knows Why a Lot of Tourists Keep Showing Up to This Random British Village
They don't speak English, but take a lot of pictures.
Erik Shilling July 8, 2016
How Brexit Could Be a Disaster for British Scientists
Stephen Hawking predicted as much.
Erik Shilling June 24, 2016
See the Mysterious Horned Helmet of Henry VIII
Why There's an 'Italian' Village in Wales
Driver Jailed After Calling Police to Ask Them to Stop Following Him
They did not stop.


Dominique - Ready steady girls!
German singer Dominique remains an odd footnote in Schlager history as an ill-fated attempt by the industry to keep up with the times. However, her protest songs lacked a certain authenticity and after a clutch of singles and an LP, she disappeared from the music scene as quickly as she had arrived.
She was born Dominique Elchlepp and hailed from Munich, in southern Germany. Her break into music came when the industry realised it needed an urgent update.
By the mid-1960s, the German music market was losing ground – and sales – to an ever-increasing amount of hipper foreign acts, especially amongst the younger listeners. The business had already suffered major losses when the beat wave from the UK and US swept over the country. And now in England and America, a new generation of more authentic serious singer-songwriters had emerged. German music, meanwhile, had a reputation for being conservative, old-fashioned and irrelevant.
Part of the problem was that most of the German music business was dominated by a small group of middle-aged writers and producers, often referred to in the press as the 'Schlager-cartel', who would carefully avoid letting any newcomers carve themselves a slice of the cake.
In 1965, producer Gerhard Mendelsohn, who had successfully launched the careers of two German-answers-to-Elvis a decade earlier, Peter Kraus and Ted Herold, now had the idea of developing a Teutonic counterpart to protest singers such as Bob Dylan and Joan Baez.
Step forward Dominique, a 20-year-old music student, who was chosen to fill the part. By her own admission, she had very little interest in politics, which rather served to undermine her standing. However, she did possess an emphatic, almost callous, singing voice that was well suited to the 'angry young woman' part she was cast in.
A German translation of Donovan's anti-war song Universal soldier, now dubbed Der ewige Soldat, was issued as her first single. Polydor's press office described Dominique's music ambitiously as "having socio-critical meaning and addressing problems that everybody should think about" and how "courageous Polydor is to have girl sing the first hard German protest song". Odd words coming from Polydor, home to some of the most conservative Schlager acts such as Roy Black and Freddy Quinn at the time and whose new-found "courage" was probably fuelled by economics.
But the record-buying public was less convinced by the manufactured protest singer and preferred the original, though it still remains Dominique's best-known song.
Dominique's next 45, an original composition called Ist das die Welt, die wir 'mal erben sollen, issued in 1966, about the generational conflict in Germany, also flopped.
An arms race-themed protest song, Starfighter-Ballade (...und was wird morgen sein?), became her third release. On the flip was Der Brief von drüben, one of the first songs that dealt with the post-war division of Germany into East and West.
That year Dominique also released an LP, Krieg im Frieden, that contained her three singles, some pleasant but predictable German cover versions – Bob Dylan's Blowin' in the wind, Joan Baez's Farewell Angelina, Peter, Paul & Mary's Cruel war and Pete Seeger's Where have all the flowers gone? – and a handful of original material. Among the new songs was the uptempo beat number Das Schlüsselkind, arguably one of her best tracks.
However, despite a promotional tie-in with left-wing magazine Der Stern and some live performances at peace rallies, Dominique's record sank like a lead balloon.
By now it must have dawned on her producer that the authenticity of a protest singer was harder to imitate than he might have thought. There was nothing wrong was Dominique's vocals, but some of her lyrics were embarrassingly cliché and came across as contrived.
The whole idea of establishing Dominique as a would-be revolutionary was abandoned.
In 1967 Polydor issued her first post-album single, a lovelorn ballad called Ich hab' in der Liebe kein Glück. Arguably the stronger track, Und wieder steht der Sonntag vor der Tür, ended up on the B-side.
A year later Dominique recorded what would be her last single, Tausend Straßen. The track was a German version of One more mountain, a song that had previously been recorded by both Vikki Carr and Little Eva. The B-side, Du lachst mich aus, a wistful ballad, showed a gentler side of Dominique and remains one of her finest moments.
Sadly, these last two singles received hardly any promotion and Dominique was dropped by Polydor shortly afterwards and never made another record.
In recent years, Dominique's recordings have experienced a renaissance amongst record collectors, as they represent one of the few moments in time when German music tried to hitch itself to a current trend, however naive it might have come across.
With thanks to Jens Keller for contributing this profile.


I'm a nerd, a nerd of the bookworm variety. I love reading so much I did a English literature degree, so it's always surprised me that I've never needed glasses, not even reading glasses. These are just a pair of joke glasses I found lying around my house.
Saying that, I've always been intrigued by the way I look with glasses, I think that if I did ever need reading glasses, I'd go for the really geeky frames like these, but a bit smaller, some like the ones that Jess wears in New Girl, (I love that show!!).
My hair seems to want to be super unruly this week, so I thought the best thing for it was to stick it in the old hair doughnut which makes it look deceitfully neater!
I also thought I'd give this lipstick a try, it's by Collection 2000 and is in the colour Ruby Red. My favourite Mac red lipstick has mysteriously disappeared (don't you hate it when that happens?) and one of my besties got me this for my birthday. I lined my lips with my Mac lipliner then applied the lipstick. I'm really pleased with the finish of this lippy, it feels moisturising without being too shiny/glossy and doesn't cling to dry bits, which is a plus in the winter.
I'm so tired right now I can't believe I'm not in bed yet, I didn't go to bed 'til 2am and had to get up at 6am. Nightmare. So I'm signing off, getting into bed and putting in a Gossip Girl dvd.
Have a lovely evening/day depending on when and where you're reading this!


In South Asia, there is one clear winner from Donald Trump's tweet tantrums this week: China, which suddenly finds its leverage over Pakistan multiplying as a result of the US president's mood swings.
The air forces of China and Pakistan teamed up for joint training exercises, state media reported on Friday as the foreign ministers from the two countries present a united front in Beijing against Washington's new military policy in Afghanistan.
Chinese entrepreneurs are looking to explore opportunities in Pakistan, where Beijing has pledged to spend $57 billion on infrastructure projects as part of its "Belt and Road" initiative.
Pakistan confirmed Monday that a Chinese couple abducted at gunpoint has been killed, three days after Islamic State militants claimed the killing and sent a video to local journalists purporting to show their bodies.
The mega-port will bring five-star hotels and Chinese access to the Arabian Sea.
A New Era for China and Pakistan?
Xi called for focus on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, the Gwadar Port, energy, transport infrastructure, and industrial cooperation.
Beijing looks West toward Eurasian integration.
Xi visiing Pakistan to sign energy and infrastructure deals for a corridor stretching to Xinjiang.
The book "The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics" argues that there have always been irritants below the surface.
The Chinese companies will be able to operate the projects as profit-making entities, according to the deal signed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif during a visit to China earlier this month.
A decade ago, the U.S. saw Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi as an international pariah. Next week he'll address a sell-out crowd at Madison Square Garden and stroll down the red carpet at the White House.


PowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional 4 Things to Consider Before Purchasing a Used Car powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. This helps you give your presentation on 4 Things to Consider Before Purchasing a Used Car in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations.
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Slide 2 - So now that you have done the basic things required before selecting and buying a used car such as checking your affordability, availability of used cars, reading reviews and vehicle history reports, and contacting the seller. It's time to go for further and more practical considerations to assist you in your decision making. Let's examine what other steps you need before locking your purchase decision. Take the car for a test-drive A test-drive is done that helps you in deciding whether the condition of this car is worth buying for. Try to drive as you would per your normal driving patterns. If you are more of highway-route driver, take the car safely up to at least 65 mph. if your drive most often involves mountainous areas, test the ride on steep slopes. After test-drive, ask the car owner or dealer to get you the service records that provides information whether the scheduled maintenances of the vehicle have been done on time. It's obvious anyone should avoid buying a car involved in a major accident or had some serious repairs such as valve jobs, transmission rebuilds, engine overhauls, etc.
Slide 3 - Get a car inspection If you are satisfied with test-drive, have it inspected before actual negotiation. It is better to have a pre-purchase inspection that will save you a great deal of pockets rather than having to spend thousands of dollars afterwards. Take the car to an experienced mechanic for detailed inspection or you can also request for a mobile inspection. Usually, private parties do not put much of an argument to this matter, whereas, the case becomes more difficult if a dealership is involved. However if it is a CPO car, then you don't need a mechanic as the car already comes legally inspected and certified.
Slide 4 - Have the best negotiation The negotiation stage is fairly easy and smooth in case of private parties sellers. Whereas, negotiating with a used-car showroom or salesman can be difficult and require much more effort to get the best deal. Some of the basic negotiation tips are: • Enter negotiations only with those parties whom you are comfortable with. • Always decide is advance how high can you reach in the price, and leave the deal once you have reached the limit. • Being prepared to walk out any time is the strongest negotiation tool. • Stay patient in planning the negotiation time. Give around an hour to a dealership, and less time if it is a private seller. • Be smart enough to not getting distracted by dealer's alluring pitches offering items such as anti-theft devices, extended warrantied, etc.
Slide 5 - Close the deal If you have opted a dealership, then the deal will be completed at Finance & Insurance (F&I) office. Whereas, if you are negotiating with a private party seller, then the deal normally closes by you paying the amount and the seller transferring the title and registration to you. In either case, always make sure the deal is properly closed so that you do not get into after-sale future troubles. Also that you should have the insurance of the car you have bought before you take it out on road. Review the dealership sales contract closely. In most states it contains the vehicle cost, documentation fee, sales tax, license fee, etc. If the deal is closed with a private party, pay the amount in cash or through a cashier's check. But before completing the money transaction, ask the seller to sign the title and hand it over to you.


Komodo is a privacy-centric cryptocurrency that combines the anonymity of ZCash with the security of Bitcoin. Using a new consensus mechanism developed by the Komodo team, delayed Proof of Work, Komodo blocks can be notarized using the Bitcoin blockchain. KMD is issued through an Equihash-based PoW protocol, and the new block information is sent to pre-voted notary nodes. These nodes insert the Komodo block information on the BTC blockchain by creating a custom transaction. This system ensures that in order to \"hack\" komodo, one would have to rewrite both chains.


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Situated only 29 km from Dubrovnik, the Admiral Grand Hotel is located directly at the beach of Dubrovnik Riviera, in the natural bay of Slano.
Surrounded by scenic nature and 5-star luxury, the property features luxuriously equipped rooms with furnished balconies, connecting doors, featuring individually controlled air-conditioning, an interactive satellite TV and many more amenities. Free Wi-Fi is available throughout the property.
Utmost attention is paid to providing delicious local and international cuisine, that will satisfy even the most demanding palate.
The impressive indoor and outdoor swimming pools invite you to relax.
Dubrovnik Airport is at a distance of 50 km, and shuttle service is possible upon previous request and at a surcharge. There is free onsite parking, available at a first-come, first-served basis.


Good time to cheer you up!
Black Friday Christmas Bundle contains photo overlays, hand-lettered designs and calligraphic phrases, fonts, isolated objects, photos backgrounds, Christmas mock ups – 6 new and most popular Clip-art collections in one!
Forget spending huge amounts of time and money in search of Christmas design for your needs. With this easy-to-use bundle, you'll create professional vector and raster elements and images that showcase your app and match your branding in a matter of minutes. Simply place your designs on Christmas backgrounds or using smart objects, double-click the smart layer, copy and paste your artwork, click save and you're done!
– Any Christmas projects, holidays, wedding, baby shower invitation cards, greeting cards, printables, wall art, logo, web and blog designs, invitations, scrapbooking, Pinterest, Instagram, for other social media, online shops, and many more.


Thanks to the broad route network of the AviancaTaca Holding airlines, your cargo will arrive at a large variety of destinations in the Americas and Spain. Likewise, through our inter-airline agreements you will be able to connect to the five continents in an agile, synchronized manner.
To complement the benefits currently offered by our Company, we have designed five logistic services, namely, Handling of Perishables, Multi-modal Transportation, Nationalization of Cargo and Documentary Support, International Transit, and Re-icing. Using those services, you will be able to broaden your portfolio and simplify the logistics chain and, as a result, you will satisfy your clients' needs.
We are continuously improving operational and commercial processes thus providing you with the best service at all times, thanks to the cordial treatment at any of our attention points.


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I IX Giochi paralimpici estivi si sono tenuti nel 1992 a Barcellona, Spagna. Inoltre, subito dopo le Paralimpiadi regolari, si sono svolti a Madrid i Giochi paralimpici per le persone con handicap mentali.

Discipline paralimpiche
Erano presenti sedici discipline paralimpiche:
 Atletica leggera
 Bocce
 Calcio a 7-un lato
 Ciclismo
 Goalball
 Judo
 Nuoto
 Pallacanestro in carrozzina
 Pallavolo
 Powerlifting
 Scherma in carrozzina
 Sollevamento pesi
 Tennis in carrozzina
 Tennistavolo
 Tiro
 Tiro con l'arco

Medagliere

Note

Voci correlate
 Italia ai IX Giochi paralimpici estivi

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


* This is just a quote, no reservations held yet or booking is not proceed yet.
* Hotel, Sightseeing, Meals, Transfers rate might change without any prior notice until & unless it been booked / confirmed from your end.
* Normal Hotel check-in time is from 14:00 hrs onward & check-out time is at 12:00 hrs.
* Additional bank charges will be applicable, if payment is made in foreign currency.
* The above cost does not include any kind of surcharge if applicable during the given travel period.
* At check in all guests will be required to present a Major Credit Card for incidentals. "No Show" is subject to full booking charges.
* Quotation might change due to currencies ROE fluctuation during confirmation & booking proceed.


We never know when an emergency can befall us, more so when it is Plumbing in Paradise Valley, AZ. We are used to small plumbing issues like clogs and leaks, but when left unattended they can turn out to be disastrous. Never give disaster a change to befall you. Preventing is better than curing they say. Always make sure that you give good treatment to your pipes and adhere to basic rules of plumbing.
Be keen on what to allow in your sinks and drains. We generally are careless of what we leave to go inside the sinks. Foreign objects entering the drains trigger clogs and leaks, which definitely will cost us when unclogging. Choose correct drain cleaners: professional plumbers say that liquid drain cleaners are dangerous when used to unclog drains. Apart from eating the clogs, they also eat the pipes causing leaks as they create many holes.
Prevent grease from going into sinks and drains: grease and fats are very dangerous once they get into drains. Instead of exiting as required, they stick on the inside walls of the pipes and thus causing blocking. Always dispose grease into ceramic containers and leave it to harden then throw it in trash cans. Do not let food waste into drains: when washing utensils, the leftovers at the plates should not be washed down the sink but thrown into garbage disposal. Note that cabbage, peels, eggshells and seeds should not be put in garbage disposal as they will cause it to clog too. Don't throw anything into the toilet: as a matter of fact, the toilets are used only for the purpose of flushing only toilet papers and the poop. Never use a toilet to flush leftover foods, as they also have delicate drains similar to the kitchen ones. Call us today for any issues with your Plumbing in Paradise Valley, AZ.


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CLICK TO BUY ON AMAZON
Whisperwood
"Like all great writers, Temple reveals general truths by focusing on the particular. In Whisperwood's young Confederate soldier Anderson Flowers, we have a 19th-century Odysseus, caught in a tedious, bewildering, brutal, and terrifying struggle and longing to return home to his true love. In Flowers's unique experience are reflected not only the epic sweep of the Civil War but also Temple's grand themes of the absurdity of war and the redemptive power of love." — Terence Gleeson, Professor of Theater, English, and Humanities, Neumann University (retired)
Whisperwood is a work of fiction, built upon the bones of Temple's great-grandfather's lived experiences. Twenty years ago, Temple began researching the history of the 20th Mississippi Regiment, the Civil War, and the language and customs of 1860s rural America. He found firsthand accounts, letters to and from home, and an abundance of historical information. Whisperwood portrays a soldier's point of view of the terrible four-year struggle of brothers in arms and Anderson's struggle within.
Read a Sample Now!
San Francisco Book Festival 2020 Honorable Mention Award –
http://www.sanfranciscobookfestival.com/winners_2020.htm
BestIndieBookAward2020 In Top Four Historical Fiction
Breakfast at Mema's
Breakfast at Mema's, published in 2016, is a vivid portrayal of time and place, a collection of humorous, poignant stories from the 1960s in Ruston, a small college town nestled in the tree-covered hills of north Louisiana. In Southern storytelling style, the interconnected vignettes portray a unique time and place when Temple's world was outdoors and the landline telephone was the only personal communication device. His parents taught him and his siblings to treat others as they'd like to treated and then set them free to figure out the rest. He shares how his days were packed with play and work – climbing trees, riding bikes, tending the garden, poking around in the woods, hunting, fishing, mowing yards, Boy Scout outings, reading books, and girls. The collection narrates how assassinations, abortions, and Vietnam interrupted the idyllic life, revealing a bigger, more complicated world,
"Temple's gentle memoir, Breakfast at Mema's, serves up a bit of indulgent nostalgia in prose that is both direct and evocative. At first blush, the stories are a potpourri of childhood vignettes — more Andy of Mayberry than the edgier tell-all stories of dysfunction we have more or less come to expect. They progress, not unexpectedly, up to and over the precipice of a few of those moments that signaled for each of us the 'end' of childhood." — Nancy McBride, Middle School Social Studies Teacher, Alexandria, Virginia.
Read 'A Taste of Mississippi'
Read 'Curiosity'
'Storm Watching'
'Kimberly'
'Trees and Storms'
Front-Runner
Bayou de L'Outre, the River of Otters, North Louisiana
Illustration from the manuscript of "Whisperwood"
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Questions raised over Hampden Park deal
on 4th February 2019
The Scottish Football Association's deal to buy Hampden Park could be in doubt amid issues relating to Glasgow City Council's involvement with the stadium.
Last September, the Scottish FA reached an agreement to buy Hampden Park from Queen's Park, which plays in the Scottish League Two, in a move that looked to ensure the venue as Scotland's national stadium.
The Scottish FA is due to assume ownership of Hampden Park when its existing lease for the stadium expires in the summer of 2020. The £5m (€5.7m/$6.5m) agreement represented a success for Hampden Park, which had faced competition from Edinburgh's Murrayfield stadium to become the home of Scottish football after 2020.
The Scottish FA plans on developing the infrastructure of Hampden Park and creating a venue that will "inspire the next generation of football fans".
However, the deal has reportedly stalled, with one source telling BBC Scotland that negotiations are "completely deadlocked".
The BBC reports that Glasgow City Council is refusing to waive a floating charge for the stadium unless it is involved in the running of the venue going forward. The council invested £2.6m into the stadium in the 1990s and as such is represented on the board of Hampden Park Ltd (HPL), which oversees the running of the venue.
The BBC notes that the Scottish FA has told the council that it will not be represented on any new company that is formed to replace HPL. The future of the Hampden's National Football Museum is also said to be an issue of contention between the two parties.
In a statement given to BBC Scotland, the Scottish FA said: "Discussions between the Scottish FA and Queen's Park FC regarding the final terms of the deal for the sale of Hampden Park are ongoing. Deals of this complexity require time and effort and we will continue to work with all stakeholders to conclude the transfer of ownership of the stadium to the Scottish FA following the expiration of the lease in June 2020."
Glasgow City Council said: "We have been in discussions with all the partners involved. However the deal is between Queen's Park and the SFA and it is not appropriate for us to comment on that. It's not clear at this stage what the management arrangements will be, however we are ready to partner with the SFA in the management of the stadium and the wider development of the area."
Queen's Park has a deal in place to continue playing at the 51,000-seat Hampden Park until the end of the 2019-20. According to the BBC, the Scottish FA wants Queen's Park out of the stadium at the end of next season, although the team wishes to remain at the venue.
Under the terms of the agreement reached last September, Queen's Park would use the nearby Lesser Hampden venue as its new registered licensed ground for all matches.
Image: Martin le Roy


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Q: Testing regular expressions tool (Linux/ubuntu) I searched for a question about regexp testing/learning tools, but people usually suggest Windows based solution. I found one for ubuntu: redit.
However, I'm wondering if there are better tools for the job. So, without further ado
Q: What is the best tool for testing/leadning regular expressions
   for linux/ubuntu?
Sorry if this is a superuser kind of question.
Thx

A: My favorite http://gskinner.com/RegExr/ Adobe Air app. Worth a try

A: I rather like Kodos, which is a cross-platform GUI regex tester.
But there are many others. Have a look at the answers to How do you debug a regex? , there are many cross-platform solutions listed.

A: Why don't use web-base tools: http://regexpal.com/ and more here

A: For simple regex I use the replace function in Sublime Text 2.

A: Best "tool" for learning regex?
Easy: Mastering Regular Expressions (3rd Edition)


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Two Adjoining B2 Industrial Sites in Jurong Industrial Estate for Sale by Expression of Interest
Rare availability of a massive six-hectare site with open yard areas
International property consultant, Colliers International is putting up for sale – by expression of interest – two adjoining JTC industrial sites located at 1 Gul Avenue and 3 Gul Circle.
Interested parties are invited to submit their offer to Colliers International by May 16, 2013 at 1.00 pm.
To be jointly sold, the two sites are zoned for "Business 2" use and have a total land area of approximately 639,394 sq ft. With a total gross floor area of some 527,418 sq ft, two single-storey warehouses with ancillary office space and four workshop/showroom/office buildings sit on the sites.
Mr Rimon Ambarchi, Executive Director of Industrial Services | Asia at Colliers International, says, "The two sites combined make up a massive area of some six hectares. Industrial sites of this size, which comprise predominantly single-storey developments and open yard areas, are rarely made available for sale in Singapore.
Hence, we expect healthy response from various industrial users – including those in the construction, industrial equipment, marine, manufacturing, oil and gas, and general warehousing industries, among others."
Mr Ambarchi continues, "The sites' location will be enhanced by its proximity to the proposed Gul Circle MRT station which will be completed in 2016."
The site at 1 Gul Avenue has a 24-year lease (w.e.f. 16 December 2001), while the site at 3 Gul Circle has a 16-year lease (w.e.f. 1 July 2009). Located within the Jurong Industrial Estate, the subject property is strategically sited at the junction of Benoi Road and enjoys convenient accessibility to the rest of the island via the Ayer Rajah Expressway and the Pan Island Expressway.


Question: How long after a spray tan can I shower? Is longer better and or is too long bad?
Answer: Spray tan usually develops over 5-12 hours, so you should definitely abstain from showering for at least 5 hours.
If you had a spray tan with only little bronzer in it or none at all, you can easily leave showering until the next morning, however it is not always possible if there was a lot of bronzer used because you will stain your sheets.
There is no problem if you leave showering for a longer period after spray tanning.
Your spray tan will develop only to a certain point and then stop, so no matter how long you leave showering you will not get any darker.
There is no indication that if you leave showering for a longer period it will in any way affect your health.
Comments for when can I shower after a spray tan?
If I waited 12 hours after getting a spray tan at sun tan city will I lose a lot of color?
Answer:Every spray tanning solution is different, so they know best how long their solution needs to develop for best results. Some need only 2 hours, others 24. Just ask them.
Hello I recently got a 90min Tuscan spray tan and I showered after 2 hours of letting it develop however I didn't know it had to be a quick one no longer than 30 seconds .... I didn't use any soap and I pat dryd myself I am a lot lighter but my question now is will this effect how dark I go as it continues to develop over the next 6 hours ??
It is best to leave it overnight for it to have time to develop fully and Tuscan Tan needs eight hours to develop fully. Showering earlier will take a lot of it off and will shorten its life span.
Question: see if i go for a shower afterthe next morning will i wipe off alot of my tan?
Answer: If there was a bronzer in the spray tannning solution it will wash off completely and you will only be left with the tan that your skin has developed. About 50% of your color will be gone, and that is a good thing, because as the tan developes your color will darken until it becomes downright scary. So if half of it gets washed away, you will go back to looking like a human being and not Oompa Loompa.


We are going on a cruise! Heaven help us! My in-laws are taking us and my nephew and I have a few anxious rumblings: what if I'm too rowdy for formal evenings? What if I get stuck next to an American at the buffet breakfast? What if I get judged for ordering a Rum Punch at 10AM?
Andrew's laughing because William is telling him that he's going to put his armbands on and jump overboard. Ha de ha. Also, note the pre-strike arm raise. Brotherly love.
Anyway, got to go as feeling carsick and need to double check I packed the passports and enough sequined outfits. Wish me luck!
EDIT: cruise went well. No men/child overboard. Success.


NEW YORK (AP) — Carmelo Anthony is getting his wish, and the New York Knicks are getting a second superstar.
The Knicks have agreed to a trade with the Denver Nuggets for Anthony, a person familiar with the deal told The Associated Press on Monday night.
The deal that would end the season-long trade saga involving Denver's All-Star forward and send him to his desired destination can't be finalized until Tuesday during a conference call with the NBA office. Assuming it goes through, it puts Anthony alongside Amare Stoudemire in a potentially explosive frontcourt - at a heavy cost to the Knicks.
The person provided no other details of who was in the deal, which was first reported Monday by the Denver Post. The person spoke to the AP on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to comment publicly on the trade.
The Post, citing a league source, said the Knicks would send Wilson Chandler, Raymond Felton, Danilo Gallinari, Timofey Mozgov and a 2014 first-round draft pick to the Nuggets, who would get additional picks and cash.
Along with Anthony, New York would acquire Chauncey Billups, Shelden Williams, Anthony Carter and Renaldo Balkman, according to the Post.
ESPN later reported it was a three-way deal with Minnesota, which would acquire Eddy Curry and Anthony Randolph from the Knicks for Corey Brewer.
He stood to become the headliner of the 2011 free agent class, but didn't want to risk free agency knowing a new collective bargaining agreement could cost him millions. But once he refused the extension with the Nuggets - plus put his Denver mansion on the market last year - the Nuggets' new front office team of general manager Masai Ujiri and team president Josh Kroenke had to begin trade talks so they wouldn't risk losing him and getting nothing in return as the Cavaliers did with LeBron James and the Toronto Raptors did with Chris Bosh last year. CONTINUE READING..


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Grundy Center banker elected chair for SHAZAM Network
September 11, 2018 ATM Indusrty Newsadmin
Kevin Swalley, CPA, has been elected chair of the SHAZAM, Inc. Board of Directors. Swalley is chairman and CEO of GNB Bank, Grundy Center, Iowa, and also serves as president, CEO and chairman of GNB Bancorporation. Swalley has worked in community banking for 34 years and most recently served as vice-chair for the organization.
"SHAZAM allows individual community financial institutions to magnify their voice and influence in the payments industry," said Swalley. "I'm proud to serve in a leadership role for one of the only member-owned financial services providers in the United States." He notes that being the voice and representing SHAZAM's member institutions is one of SHAZAM's strengths.
"Kevin has already shown he is a leader among his peers by serving for more than three decades on national and state level boards and committees," said Paul Waltz, President & CEO. "His breadth of experience, knowledge in the payments industry, and long relationship with SHAZAM makes him an outstanding choice for charting a new direction for the network."
In addition to his current role, Swalley served as board member for the Iowa Bankers Association, Iowa Bankers Insurance and Services, Inc. and Community Bankers of Iowa. He also served on the Independent Community Bankers of America Payments and Technology Committee as well as the Taxation Committee. He was a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Imaged Returns Workgroup and served on the Federal Home Loan Bank Des Moines Board of Directors.
Swalley received a B.A. from the University of Northern Iowa and is a certified public accountant. He resides in Grundy Center, Iowa.
The 2018-2019 SHAZAM Board of Directors include:
Chairman — Kevin Swalley, GNB Bank, Grundy Center, Iowa
Vice Chairman — Todd Langenfeld, Farmers Trust and Savings Bank, Earling, Iowa
Past Chairman — Steve Albrecht, City State Bank, Norwalk, Iowa
President & CEO — Paul A. Waltz, ITS, Inc., Johnston, Iowa
Secretary / Treasurer — Lynn "Tut" Fuller, Dubuque Bank and Trust, Dubuque, Iowa
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Q: Showing that $\frac{(m+n-1)!}{m!n!}\in\mathbb{Z}$, if $m,n$ coprime (homework problem) My attempt: assume $m> n$. Since $\binom{x}{y}\in\mathbb{Z}$ for every $x\geq y$, we have that
$$K:=\binom{m+n-1}{n}=\frac{(m+n-1)!}{(m-1)!n!}\in\mathbb{Z}$$
It remains to show that $m|K$. I know that this somehow follows from $\gcd(m,n)=1$, but I'm not sure how. Any hints/suggestions are appreciated.

A: Since $m, n$ are co-prime, $m|K \iff m|(m+n)K$. That is, iff $\binom{m+n}{n}$ is an integer, which it is.
We use a theorem here (or, a rule), $a|bc \implies a|c$ if $\gcd(a, b) = 1$.

A: Let $r=(m+n-1)!/(m!n!)$. You see that both $mr$ and $nr$ are integers. As $\gcd(m,n)=1$, there are integers $a,b$ such that $am+bn=1$. Then $r=a(mr)+b(nr)$ is an integer.


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Brief Reports 101
Short stories are an exciting field! From the courtroom to the deposition room to the television broadcast, court reporters, deposition reporters, and captioners make it possible! Court reporting is the way to start a professional career that is crucial to the legal field, challenging and well paid. There are literally global job opportunities waiting for you.
There's no question about it: brief reports provide a needed service in the legal community. But did you know that court reporting services also provide communications access for the hearing impaired? Think about it… people with hearing loss can now access the world through the unique skills of a court reporter. You can be an independent contractor receiving a 1099 at the end of the tax year, work as a county clerk for a courtroom, or even start your own court reporting firm. With short stories, the chances of landing the job you've always wanted have never been greater.
Court reporting professionals are part of exciting court trials and also make history, word for word. They report on high-profile trials and even caption presidential inaugurations!
Facts about judicial reporting:
1. Court reporting professionals earn an average of $60,000 or more per year. (Including broadcast captioners and statement reporters).
2. Closed captioning of television programs (performed live) is done by highly specialized court reporters called "broadcast captioners." US federal law requires literally 100 hours of (live) television programming to be captioned each week, creating abundant career opportunities for people with these skills.
3. Many court reporting professionals use a closed captioning method to provide individualized services for people who are deaf or hard of hearing through Communication Access Realtime Translation. CART reporters accompany deaf clients as needed to university classes to instantly translate speech into written words. The demand for this type of skill is so high that court reporting companies that provide this type of service cannot keep up with the demand.
4. Only a minority (about 27%) of court reporting professionals in the United States work in courtrooms. The vast majority are independent court reporters (1099 contractors) who are used by attorneys to produce word-for-word transcripts called depositions during the discovery phase of cases.
5. Short report job opportunities are likely to grow as fast as the average for all occupations through 2012. (Source: US Department of Labor)
How Much Do Court Reporting Professionals Earn?
Court reporting professionals had median annual earnings of $42,920 as of May 2004. The middle 50 percent earned between $30,680 and $60,760. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $23,690 and the highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $80,300. Median annual earnings in May 2004 were $41,070 for briefing professionals working in local government.
Both compensation and methods of compensation for court reporting professionals vary depending on the type of court reporting work, the experience of the individual court reporting professional, the level of certification achieved, and the region of the country. Official court reporters earn a salary and a per-page fee for transcripts. Many salaried court reporting professionals supplement their income by doing freelance work. Freelance court reporting professionals are paid per job and receive a per page rate for transcripts. CART providers are paid by the hour. Stenographers receive a salary and benefits if they work as employees of a captioning company; Stenographers who work as independent contractors are paid by the hour.
How to become a court reporting professional
Let's be honest about it: becoming a professional short story requires a high level of commitment, effort, and money. It's not easy, but the rewards make it worth it!
Most students start out in a short report school. These are typically private business universities located in large metropolitan areas. See this link for a list of NCRA-approved schools. The course of training and practice takes most people several years.
Most of the hard work is in developing transcription skill during live dictation. It starts slowly and then increases to speeds of over 200 words per minute. Accuracy and stamina are required to get through hours of fast-paced speech with dense material.
You will also need to rent or purchase your equipment. A short report keyboard is needed during training. Most students rent or purchase a used manual typewriter (as opposed to a computer writer) for their initial education, but when entering the job market, professional-grade equipment is a must. Today, the equipment used by court reporting professionals is an electronic court reporting machine, a desktop PC, a printer, a laptop PC, and software to run on the computers that translates keystrokes into English on the screen.
Also, since most court reporting professionals are 1099 contractors, home office space and equipment are required, along with a fax machine, one or two additional phone lines for faxing, and business calls. An internet connection is a must to research those hard-to-find words.
A new court reporting professional faces several years of diligent study, as well as equipment worth approximately five to ten thousand dollars.
Many states require a license. In states where court reporting professionals must be certified, you must pass the state certification exam. In other states where certification is not required, examinations to satisfy the National Court Reporting Association can certify that a court reporting professional has achieved an adequate level of competency.
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