Vatican Council II says "the laity are empowered — indeed sometimes obliged — to manifest their opinion on those things which pertain to the good of the Church" to their bishops. It is "with truth, courage and prudence, and with reverence and charity" (see Constitution on the Church, paragraph 37) that we the undersigned appeal to you as our Pastor and as our Brother in Christ. Only the Pope and you our Bishops can help us and the World in this extreme need of ours.
We realize the great danger due to the ever-increasing menace of nuclear destruction. We realize that war is both a consequence of and a punishment for sin, and therefore that only prayer, penance and "a true change of heart" can avert a nuclear chastisement of the contemporary world. We petition Your Excellency to call upon your flock to obey the demands of Our Lady of Fatima. For She has made it clear that only through the conversion of Russia will it be possible to obtain lasting peace, that this will become possible only when Russia has been collegially consecrated to Her Immaculate Heart by the Pope and all the bishops of the universal Church, and that God will permit the grace of this collegial consecration only "when a sufficient number are complying with the Message of Fatima".
We therefore also beg Your Excellency to assure the Holy Father of your personal willingness to join with him in this collegial act of consecration.


Great opportunity to rent a professional office in a Class B building. Office space with nearly 1,000 sqft. includes several offices and conference room, receptionist, with bathroom, or design to built if approved. Utilities include water, trash, and electrcity, which available connectivity to Internet and Cable companies. Located directly off the Palmetto Expressway and 36 Street at the entrance to Doral, the located is amazing for anyone doing work in Doral or Airport. Call today for an appointment.


The couple announced they were splitting, but is there any way the couple could call off the divorce?
The hit by Daddy Yankee and Luis Fonsi has been a worldwide hit. Find out which categories it could win here!
What Is 'Enemigo Íntimo' Telemundo Series About?
The former "El Señor de los Cielos" star returns as Roxana Rodiles in a new Telemundo thriller.
The movie by Mexican director Guillermo del Toro has the most nominations this year with 13. See who else scored a nod here!
Audiobooks are now available to purchase at the Google Play Store. Find out how to download here!
In an effort to keep the peace, the Telemundo telenovela star says she doesn't want her exe's money anymore.
The Latin boyband continues to impress and their new music video is delicious.
The former Fifth Harmony member is the queen of the Billboard charts this week.
The actor made his voice heard after the results of the paternity test were revealed.
After a DNA test was done to prove that Julián Gil is the father of Matías, the results are in.
The DNA results for Julián Gil and his son are in.
Looks like the "Sorry" hitmaker is turning his life around and his mother is commending him for maturing.
Who Stars In 'Enemigo Íntimo' On Telemundo?
The "El Señor De Los Cielos" stars return with new characters and a new story that will surely trap you from the beginning.
The "Baby Driver" star is the female lead opposite Justin Timberlake in the latter's new music video.
Love is in the air and Valentine's Day is the perfect time to express those feelings. Check out these hilarious memes to lighten up your day!
Celebrate the man in your life with these messages of love for Valentine's Day!
Celebrate the special girl in your life with these romantic quotes on Valentine's Day.
Tell your significant other how much you love them with these inspiring quotes.
The "El Señor de los Cielos" star is back with a new character and a new production on Telemundo.
The entertainment show host has ended her relationship with the Spanish-language network. Find out what happened here!


UFO Sighting in Summerland, British Columbia on 2018-09-26 00:00:00 - Huge white plane going faster than i've ever seen. stopped and seemed to spin and become reflective. thought it was nosediving. disappeared! did this twice.
Talking on phone looking out my big window that faces east towards okanagan lake. at first i thought it was a huge white plane traveling down the lake southwards towards penticton, bc. this is the route all the planes take so i wasn't really concerned as i see this several times a day and at night. however, i did wonder what kind of a plane it was because it was very big and white and seemed to be traveling too fast. the sun was behind me shining eastward as it lowered over the hills. suddenly this "plane" stopped mid air, and appeared to be making a very sharp spinning turn. as this happened the sunlight reflected off of it and i actually thought it was going into a nose dive. i told my friend i'd call her back, hung up the phone and grabbed my binoculars which were on the window ledge. the thing was no longer visible! i screamed for my husband to come up and see it. it appeared again, performed the same manouvre, and disappeared again! he did not get to witness it. i ran outside with my binoculars to try and visualize it again, but it was nowhere to be seen. however, when i got out there i did hear the sound of an aircraft and it was very loud. we've had fires here all summer, and i thought it sounded like the water bombers that flew over this area during that time. i did not however, see an aircraft or the object again. as this event was unfolding i was feeling completely amazed that i was witnessing a ufo. i was stunned to see such an unusual display of maneuverability and shocked when it disappeared. when it happened again, i knew i was witnessing something amazing. i am most eager to learn whether anyone else saw this event.


Our curation of Spring/Summer 2016 collections in 3 themes.
For the third season in a row, we partnered with Capsule this summer to put together our favorite clothing and accessories from the tradeshow's comprehensive list of brands. Labels — both old and new — and spanning all origins are currently displayed at the show's entrance, on view in Vegas through tomorrow. If you're in Sin City for the tradeshows do stop in to see our curation. If not, get a glimpse of what we think you should have on your radar for below.
Lovers of the outdoors will appreciate our first setup, inspired by the rugged nature. Keeping comfort and portability in mind, we opted for a Frost River fleece-lined leather bottle tote, Public Supply and Field Notes pocket notebooks, Juniper Ridge cologne and incense, USA-made United by Blue bison down socks and durable Oak Street boots. Clothing our nature man is a vintage USMC military jacket from Orange Crush Exports and white tailored wide-leg shorts by Noon Goons, accessorized with leather jewelry from Yuketen and sunglasses by Waiting for the Sun (a brand new #thatnewnow brand for Capsule), all topped off with a vintage Navajo-style blanket, also from OC Exports, so you can camp out in style.
Our next theme is one with a more minimalistic approach than the above, laid out with sleek and sophisticated pieces. It all started with a clean white jacket by PLAC, matched with navy windowpane check trousers by Timo Weiland. Accessories parallel this "Cereal" Magazine-esque aesthetic with a grey Reigning Champ sweatshirt material cap, all-white UTC00 leather sneakers, slim Bellroy passport wallet, BLK Pine canvas backpack and KOMONO sunglasses. And as any refined man would appreciate the finer things in life, we included a Yoke hand-poured wood wick candle, Fiele eau de parfum and a Kvadrat fabric portable Vifa speaker.
Our final set up is a look into the future of urban streetwear. Right now, Los Angeles has a firm grip the scene with strong pieces from 424, Second Layer and Blackfist. The main standout from the setup has to be footwear with innovative silhouettes from Casbia, Ambassadors of Minimalism and Article Number. The toned-down contemporary look is complete with accessories by Han Kjobenhavn, Snow Peak and Nixon.


Morocco is a dream vacation offering an abundance of sights and a magnificent and traditional cultural experience. A unique country that affords geographical diversity found in few places, a trip to Morocco will allow you to experience seaside villages, a Bedouin experience in the desert and a drive through alpine mountains. The fascinating contrast of geography is complemented with friendly citizens displaying traditional customs and offering an exotic blend of cuisine. A vacation of this type can only be described as an adventure. From Cosmopolitan Casablanca to exotic Quarzazate, from famous Kashbahs to the sand dunes of the Sahara desert and enchanting cities like Fez and Marrakech, you will marvel at the diversity and beauty of this exciting country. Morocco is different. Ethnic diversity, colour and contrast creates a holiday destination for everyone, whether you're a seasoned traveller, an adventurer, a trekker, a shopper, a big city escapist weary of your office, seek sunshine and smiling faces, love to photograph, paint, dance, enjoy music, or simply want to feel the warm sand on your feet and slow down to unwind.
mystery that pervades this land. The desert nomads, like their camels, are in no hurry. Where is there to go? The desert has a timeless quality — go with it and you will begin to understand. Here is a land where something forgotten lives on.


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Case Dismissed: BUSD Teacher Yvette Felarca to Continue Work
Read 1 comments
By KAVI MOOKHERJEE AMODT
Gina Ledor
On the morning of November 14, the Sacramento District Attorney dismissed the assault case filed in 2016 against Martin Luther King Jr. Middle School teacher Yvette Felarca. The case centered on an incident at a neo-Nazi rally in Sacramento in which Felarca, a founding member and organizer for the civil rights group By Any Means Necessary (BAMN), was captured on video yelling at a neo-Nazi holding a broom stick sized pole and proceeding to hit him until the police intervened moments later. After pleading no-contest to the misdemeanor charges, Felarca was given 90 hours of community service. She will continue teaching at King Middle School, stating, "that's not changing." Considering that Felarca's actions included a physical attack, the decision to allow her back at King Middle School led to scrutiny.
The demonstration took place in June of 2016 amidst Donald Trump's election campaign. With respect to the neo-Nazis she witnessed at the rally, Felarca said, "They came armed with knives — with weapons — we did not know that. We were unarmed, but we came prepared to unite with our voices and our bodies." Felarca says that the man she was accused of attacking had not been violent toward her, although he was holding a pole. Felarca asserts that minutes before, she had witnessed others using similar poles, including knives on the end of the poles. Felarca and two of her co-defendants engaged with the man by first yelling at him to leave the protest and subsequently pushing and throwing punches at him. Eventually, the police stopped the altercation and separated the parties.
Felarca's actions are congruent with her association and involvement with the group BAMN. The group is also known as the Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration & Immigrant Rights, and Fight for Equality By Any Means Necessary. This group is widely considered militant and their tactics are controversial. Although BAMN has used violence in its pursuit of equality, the organization encompasses all forms of activism such as petitioning and peaceful protest. Felarca stresses that they do what they feel is necessary, and no more.
The immediate response to the 2016 incident was mixed. Felarca was first suspended by the Berkeley Unified School District (BUSD), but many of her students advocated for her. "There has been such support from the students, the students' parents, coworkers, and members of the Berkeley community that I didn't even know," Felarca said. She began teaching at King Middle School again, which is her legal right unless BUSD made a successful case not to re-employ her. BUSD and Felarca received many threats, including lawsuit threats from a group of parents who were dissatisfied with her return and other anonymous violent threats.
Media coverage of Felarca also grew. Felarca was interviewed by Tucker Carlson on Fox News. The Youtube video of this interview, in which Felarca debates Carlson on the morality of a militant civil rights group responding to speech they deem abhorrent with violence, has over half a million views. Carlson specifically focused on the morality of her position in the group coexisting with her occupation as a teacher. Felarca said, "I wanted to demonstrate how we can stand up and hold our own against the right-wing Trump supporters, including Tucker Carlson. We don't need to be afraid of them. It's clear that when we organize and take action, we can defeat them in any arena, even their own Fox News TV show."
After the interview, Felarca was relentlessly harassed by Carlson supporters. She said: "What I didn't know about at the time was the 'troll storm' … this is a coordinated policy … it is an explicit form of intimidation, stalking, threats, and harassment." Many of those who harassed Felarca did so with the reasoning that someone who uses violence to protect their political beliefs should not be teaching at a school.
Felarca and two of her co-defendants engaged with the man by first yelling at him to leave the protest and subsequently pushing and throwing punches at him.
In contrast, many of her students were satisfied with the atmosphere in the classroom. Alessandru Arichea, a junior in Academic Choice (AC) at Berkeley High School (BHS), was in Felarca's class in middle school. "She was really respectful and treated every student equally," said Arichea, "when she would share [her political views] in class it just gave me a better understanding of the topic and her side, to which some I agreed upon and some I didn't," he said. Arichea said that Felarca's classroom always felt like a safe environment to him to learn and express his opinions.
Felarca will continue to teach, and BUSD has shown no signs of giving in to the threats. Although she received a court order to stay away from protests for a limited amount of time, she will continue petitioning and campaigning to remove President Trump and certain other right-wing leaders from their positions of power.
KAVI MOOKHERJEE AMODT
Capitalistic Society has Negatively Affected Religion and Faith
TikTok's Complex Ties to China
Russia Banned from the 2020 Olympics
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Art Subjectivity Continues to Plague Awards Show Nominations
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Styles Gets Funky on New Album Fine Line
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Olivia Chang
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After getting a muted response from banks to its refinance facility, the Micro Units Development Refinance Agency (Mudra), the NBFC arm of the Small Industries Development Bank of India, will focus on credit guarantee. Little over 40 banks are in the process of availing credit guarantee from Mudra. Another eight recently bought insurance cover to extent of about Rs5,000 crore, Jiji Mammen, CEO said.


1998 Volkswagen GTI VR6, 5 speed, Leather, Loaded !!!
Price is firm, not negotiable. Blue Book value is over $5500.
'98 Volkswagen GTI VR6, 6 Cyl 2.8L Engine, 5 speed Manual Transmission, Loaded, Leather, Sunroof, Air Conditioning, Alloys, few paint chips and stains on the hood, very minor rust, no dents... I drove it myself about 1000 miles. It looks good and runs great! Sporty and FAST >>> 174 HP!


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AcademicStaff
Home / Discover / Our People / Academic staff / Dr Nevi Agapiou
Dr Nevi Agapiou
Lecturer in International Commercial Law and Dispute Resolution LLM Course Leader – Programme Coordinator
NAgapiou@uclan.ac.uk
PhD in Law (University of Leicester, 2016)
PGDip in Professional and Legal Skills (Inns of Court School of Law, 2007)
LLM International Commercial Law (University of Leicester, 2006)
LLB (Hons) (University of Leicester, 2005)
Accredited Mediator (CEDR London, 2019)
Associate Fellow, Higher Education Academy (AFHEA) (2017)
Advocate (Cyprus Legal Council, 2008)
Employment Track
Lecturer, School of Law, University of Central Lancashire Cyprus, Larnaca – Cyprus (2015 – present)
Part – time ACCA Lecturer, P.A. College, Larnaca – Cyprus (2011-2012)
Teaching Assistant, School of Law, University of Leicester, Leicester – UK (2009-2011)
Advocate, George Y. Yiangou LLC, Nicosia – Cyprus (2008-2009)
Trainee Advocate, George Y. Yiangou LLC, Nicosia – Cyprus (2007-2008)
Memberships (Academic/Professional)
The Society of Legal Scholars
Cyprus Bar Association (non- practising member)
The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (Called to the Bar on 11 October 2017)
Cyprus Branch, European Centre for Arbitration and Mediation, Executive Committee Member
Cypriot Society of Comparative Law, Executive Committee Member
Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods
Cyprus Legal System
Roles and Responsibilities (including past roles and responsibilities)
Teaching and Course Leadership
LLM Course Leader – Programme Coordinator, School of Law, UCLan Cyprus (2018 – present)
Undergraduate teaching: Contract Law; Consumer Law; Commercial Law; Comparative Law; Mooting and Legal Debating; Interviewing and Employability; Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Postgraduate teaching: Advanced Legal Systems; International Sale of Goods; International Commercial Mediation; Shipping and Maritime Commercial Law; Independent Research Project; Dissertation
LLM Dissertation supervisor
Academic Advisor to undergraduate and postgraduate students
Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot (Vienna), UCLan Cyprus Team Coach
Administrative Roles
Quality Expert in the Academic Standards and Quality Assurance Committee (ASQAC) (2020 – present)
Member of the School of Law Academic Standards and Quality Assurance Committee (SoL ASQAC) (2019 – present)
Previous Roles and Responsibilities
School of Law, Deputy LLM Course Leader
School of Law Lead in the Academic Standards and Quality Assurance Committee (ASQAC)
School of Law Lead in the Teaching and Learning Enhancement Committee (TLEC), Sub-Committee of the Student Experience Committee (SEC)
School of Law Mooting Society Mentor
Selective Publications
D. Christofi, N. Agapiou and S. Laulhe Shaelou, International Encyclopedia of Commercial and Economic Law – Cyprus (Kluwer International, 2020)
Blog Pieces
Agapiou and S. Laulhe Shaelou, 'Alternative Dispute Resolution of Civil Disputes in the Republic of Cyprus', In Business News (27 July 2018); available here https://inbusinessnews.reporter.com.cy/opinions/article/191248/enallaktiki-epilysi-astikon-diaforon-stin-kypriaki-dimokratia
Selective Conference and Seminar Presentations
Cyprus India Virtual Club, 'The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Higher Education, with a Particular Emphasis on Legal Education', Presentation via video link (26 November 2020) (invited)
'Developing and Promoting a Human Rights Culture', Conference organised by the Ministry of Justice and Public Order, the Cyprus Police and the Cyprus Bar Association on Human Rights Day, Nicosia – Cyprus (10 December 2019) – 'Administration of Justice'
'Central Questions about Law', The Society of Legal Scholars 2019 Annual Conference, University of Central Lancashire, Preston – UK (3-6 September 2019) – 'Across the Miles in the European Union: Aligning Consumer and Commercial Contracts for the Sale of Goods on the basis of Favor Contractus.'
'Mediterranean Mediation: Quality and Effectiveness within Extra-Judicial Remedies, which Shared Choices to make Justice Better?' The University of Cagliari, Sardinia – Italy (27-29 September 2018) via video link – 'Mediation in The Republic of Cyprus – A Brief Overview'
'ADR/ODR Options for Consumers across the Mediterranean' as part of the Master's Degree in Jurisprudence, The University of Cagliari, Sardinia – Italy (4 May 2018) via video link – 'Mediation for Consumer Disputes in the Republic of Cyprus'
University of Central Lancashire, Academic Staff Research Seminar, Preston – UK (17 October 2017) – 'The UK and the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG): An Unfortunate Relationship'
Compulsory Mediation in the Civil and Family Courts: Opportunity or Threat? A Conference by the Academic Committee of the Civil Mediation Council and the Family Mediation Council, London – UK (13 October 2017) – 'Interfering with Freedom of Contract: The Inherent Danger of Compulsory Mediation for Contractual Disputes and Other Limitations'
8th ATINER Annual International Conference on Law, Athens – Greece (18-21 July 2011) – 'The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG): (Genuinely) Promoting the Development of International Trade'
University of Leicester School of Law 2009 Graduate Conference, Leicester – UK (24 March 2009) – 'CISG: Why has the UK been "Ignoring" this Instrument of Commerce?' awarded Best Paper Prize on 'the academic quality of content and calibre of delivery'
Selective Research Funding/ Grant Capture
Researcher, 'Diversity of Enforcement titles in cross-border debt collection in the EU – EU-En4s', funded by the Justice Programme of the EU (June 2019-May 2021). For more information see here https://www.pf.um.si/en/acj/projects/pr09-eu-en4s/
Researcher, 'Resolving Workplace Disputes through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Methods in The Republic of Cyprus.' Interdisciplinary Research Project funded by the Rectorate, University of Central Lancashire Cyprus (January 2019-December 2020).
Other Scholarly and Outreach Activities
Interdisciplinary Centre for Law, Alternative and Innovative Methods (ICLAIM)
Secretary (February 2017 – present)
Resident Expert (February 2017 – present)
Coordinator, Notified ADR Entity for Consumer Disputes in The Republic of Cyprus (June 2018 – present)
Member of the Education and Culture Committee, Parallel Parliament on Research, Innovation and Digital Governance (September 2020 – present)
Reform of the Cyprus Civil Procedure Rules, Scoping Mission II, Member of Expert Group of Academics (25 January 2019, Supreme Court of Cyprus). Oral and written submissions to the Expert Committee led by Lord Dyson.
Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot (Vienna)
24th Moot, General Rounds (8-11 April 2017), Team Coach and Arbitrator
25th Moot, General Rounds (24-27 March 2018), Team Coach and Arbitrator
26th Moot, General Rounds (13-16 April 2019), Arbitrator
Erasmus+ Teaching Mobility, University of Central Lancashire, Preston – UK (16-19 October 2017)


Shigeaki Nishina, Aaron Seitz, Mitsuo Kawato, Takeo Watanabe; Subliminal visual feature is learned better when spatially closer to attended task. Journal of Vision 2007;7(9):44. doi: 10.1167/7.9.44.
It has been previously shown that task-irrelevant perceptual learning (TIPL) can occur for stimuli that are presented at a different spatial location from the attended task (Seitz and Watanabe, 2003). However, TIPL was found to be restricted to the same visual hemifield as that in which the attended task stimulus was presented (Nishina et al., VSS05). Here, we further investigated the spatial profile of the task-irrelevant learning around the attended location. During the training period, the participants performed an attentionally demanded letter identification task (rapid serial visual presentation, with SOA = 300 ms) presented at a single location, while subthreshold static Gabor patches with noise were presented at three different locations in the same visual hemifield. The orientations of the Gabor patches were temporally paired with the target or distractor letters in the letter task. The detection performance of Gabors was tested before and after a seven days of training in which a different stimulus was exposed at each location and orientation. The largest improvement was found for the Gabors presented in closest proximity to the letter task. The improvement was smaller at the intermediate location, and the smallest at the most distal location. Our data indicate that the learning of the unattended task-irrelevant visual feature strongly depends on the attended location, with a gradual attenuation according to the spatial distance between them. These results suggest that a learning signal that is spatially tuned to the attended task incidentally facilitates the learning of nearby-presented unattended visual features.
Nishina, S. Seitz, A. Kawato, M. Watanabe, T. (2007). Subliminal visual feature is learned better when spatially closer to attended task [Abstract]. Journal of Vision, 7(9):44, 44a, http://journalofvision.org/7/9/44/, doi:10.1167/7.9.44.
This research was supported by NSF BCS-0549036 and the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT).


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Q: Page becomes unresponsive when entering value in textbox in Angular4 I want calculate tax of products entered in invoice . So for this I am using temalate driven forms .
below is little code

                                    <input type="number" name="qty{{i}}" [(ngModel)]="item.qty" />

                                    <input type="number" name="rate{{i}}" [(ngModel)]="item.rate"/>

                                    <input type="number" name="amount{{i}}"  value="{{ item.qty * item.rate }}" readonly />

and showing subtotal , total , nettotal  in another div. the code is below

                        Sub total
                        Rs {{ getSubTotal() }}

                        Shipping Charges
                        <input type="number" #shipping_charges
                        (keyup)="onKeyUpShippingValue(shipping_charges.value)" />

                        Total
                        Rs {{ totalAmount()}}

                        Deposit
                        <input type="text" #deposit_charges
                        (keyup)="onKeyUpDepositValue(deposit_charges.value)"/>

                        Net Total
                        Rs {{netTotalAmount()}}

                        Balance due
                        Rs {{netTotalAmount()}}

Everything is working fine but when i am entering value qty and rate textboxes that time page become unresponsive. I dont know whats wrong with this code. Below is the code written in class file .
 actual_total : number = 0;
 shipping_charges : number = 0;
 deposit_charges : number = 0;

// it will count subtotal_cost
 getSubTotal(){
       console.log("getSubTotal method called");
       let subTotal : number = 0;
        this.products.forEach(function (item :any) {
            subTotal += item.qty * item.rate;
        });
        this.actual_total = subTotal;
        return subTotal;
 }

// it will caalculate discount on actual value
getDiscount(){
  console.log("total is:"+this.actual_total);
  console.log("Discount is" );

}

// it will give you shipping value
onKeyUpShippingValue(event){
  debugger;
  this.shipping_charges = parseInt(event);
  if (isNaN(this.shipping_charges)){
    this.shipping_charges = 0;
  }
}

//calculate deposit charges
onKeyUpDepositValue(event){
  debugger;
  this.deposit_charges = parseInt(event);
  if (isNaN(this.deposit_charges)){
    this.deposit_charges = 0;
  }
}

//calculate netTotalAmount
netTotalAmount(){
      console.log("netTotalMethod called");
        var nettotal_amount : number = 0.0;
         nettotal_amount = this.actual_total - this.deposit_charges;
        // this.actual_total = nettotal_amount;
        return nettotal_amount;
}

counter : number= 0;

//calculate balance due amount
balanceDueAmount(){
  console.log("balance due method called");
  var balance_due : number = 0.0;
  balance_due = this.actual_total - this.deposit_charges;
 // this.actual_tota11l = nettotal_amount;
  return balance_due;
}

// calculate totalAmount
totalAmount(){
        let total : number = 0;
        this.products.forEach(function (item :any) {
            total += item.qty * item.rate;
        });
        total = total+this.shipping_charges;
        this.actual_total = total;
        return total;
   }

the function getSubtotal , totalAmount, balanceAmount calling infinite time so because of that page beocme unresponsive. So is there another way i can avoid the unresponsiveness???

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Updated: Chase Carey Returns to News Corp.
News Corp. watchers have long debated if and when James Murdoch may move into a broader corporate position at the conglomerate.
It seems that the son of chairman and CEO Rupert Murdoch will have to wait for a further potential ascension at News Corp. for at least a while now that his father has brought back trusted advisor Chase Carey in a role that is broader than first expected.
News Corp. made things official after the market close Wednesday, confirming that Carey is returning to the conglomerate as deputy chairman, president and COO, effective July 1.
Reporting to Murdoch and based in New York, Carey, 55, will oversee all of the company's global operations. A spokeswoman confirmed that the heads of all businesses will report to Carey. The company didn't provide terms of his employment contract, but a source familiar with the situation said it runs for five years.
Carey's appointment and addition to the board will come right after current president and COO Peter Chernin, who had focused mainly on the creative units, leaves his job. Murdoch had originally said he won't need a deputy, but observers have long suggested he may need a right-hand man.
Meanwhile, Murdoch son James has served as chairman and CEO, Europe and Asia. When Chernin announced his departure earlier this year, some industry observers had predicted the Murdoch son could move into a broader corporate role sooner rather than later, while insiders have suggested he will need more time to expand his experience and boost his standing.
When it emerged late Sunday that Murdoch was trying to get Carey to return, talk focused solely on his taking the vice chairman role. Again, some observers took this as a sign that James Murdoch could move into the president and/or COO post in the near future.
Wednesday's news suggests though that Murdoch senior wants to give his son more time to gain experience by running an important part of the conglomerate and give the company time to evaluate a potential promotion later.
Said one observer: "I think Chase is coming in to bridge the time gap between Rupert and James." Similarly, a News Corp. watcher on Wall Street suggested Carey could leave the president and/or COO role to Murdoch junior over the mid-term if things go his way.
Most recently president and CEO of satellite TV giant DirecTV (and its corporate predecessor) since 2003, Carey had spent 15 years as a senior executive at News Corp. and had long been known as a trusted adviser to Murdoch. The firm's global TV operations were among his focus areas.
"Chase has been one of my closest advisers and friends for years and I am delighted we'll once again be working together across our businesses as we face the challenges and great opportunities ahead," said Murdoch.
Meanwhile, DirecTV said it has formed a committee of directors tasked with searching for a replacement. In the interim, Larry Hunter will act as CEO in addition to his jobs as executive vp of legal, HR and administration. Carey had a DirecTV contract through the end of 2010, but Liberty let him out of it. It was not immediately clear if Liberty would get anything in return.
Under Carey's leadership, DirecTV's subscriber base grew from 12 million to more than 18 million in the U.S., while free cash flow rose from break-even in 2003 to $1.7 billion last year.


text:
Bernese Alps
The Bernese Alps (German: Berner Alpen, French: Alpes bernoises, Italian: Alpi bernesi) are a mountain range of the Alps, located in western Switzerland. Although the name suggests that they are located in the Berner Oberland region of the canton of Bern, portions of the Bernese Alps are in the adjacent cantons of Valais, Fribourg and Vaud, the latter being usually named Fribourg Alps and Vaud Alps respectively. The highest mountain in the range, the Finsteraarhorn, is also the highest point in the canton of Bern.
The Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau
Finsteraarhorn
4,274 m (14,022 ft)
46°32′19″N 8°07′38″E / 46.53861°N 8.12722°E / 46.53861; 8.12722
German: Berner Alpen
French: Alpes bernoises
Bernese Alps (red)
Bern, Vaud, Fribourg and Valais
Range coordinates
46°25′N 7°45′E / 46.417°N 7.750°E / 46.417; 7.750Coordinates: 46°25′N 7°45′E / 46.417°N 7.750°E / 46.417; 7.750
Parent range
Western Alps
Borders on
Chablais Alps, Pennine Alps, Lepontine Alps, Uri Alps and Emmental Alps
Topo map
Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo
The Rhône valley separates them from the Chablais Alps in the west and from the Pennine Alps in the south; the upper Rhône valley separates them from the Lepontine Alps to the southeast; the Grimsel Pass and the Aare valley separates them from the Uri Alps in the east, and from the Emmental Alps in the north; their northwestern edge is not well defined, describing a line roughly from Lake Geneva to Lake Thun. The Bernese Alps are drained by the river Aare and its tributary the Saane in the north, the Rhône in the south, and the Reuss in the east.
3 Jungfrau-Aletsch area
4 List of peaks
5 Glaciers
6 List of mountains lakes
7 List of passes
GeographyEdit
One of the most prominent Alpine ranges, the Bernese Alps extend from the gorge of Saint-Maurice, through which the Rhône finds its way to Lake Geneva, to the Grimsel Pass or, depending on the definition, to the river Reuss (thus including the Uri Alps). The principal ridge, a chain that runs 100 kilometres (62 mi) from west (Dent de Morcles) to east (Sidelhorn), whose highest peak is the Finsteraarhorn, forms the watershed between the cantons of Bern and Valais. Except for the westernmost part, it is also the watershed between the Rhine (North Sea) and the Rhône (Mediterranean Sea). This chain is not centered inside the range but lies close (10 to 15 km) to the Rhône on the south. This makes a large difference between the south, where the lateral short valleys descend abruptly into the deep trench forming the valley of the Rhône and the north, where the Bernese Alps extends through a great part of the canton of Bern (Bernese Oberland), throwing out branches to the west into the adjoining cantons of Vaud and Fribourg. There the mountains progressively become lower and disappear into the hilly Swiss Plateau.[1] The Bernese Alps have a large influence on the climate of Switzerland: while their north side is very exposed to weather, their south side is protected from it. As a consequence, agriculture consists essentially of dairy farming and cattle breeding on the northern foothills, while on the sunnier southern foothills (Rhone Valley) it also consists of vineyards.
Gemmi Pass is the most central of the major passes through the main chain. It also marks the separation between two distinct sections of the Bernese Alps: the chain west of Gemmi Pass, consisting mainly of foothils with a few large glacier-covered mountains (notably Dent de Morcles, Grand Muveran, Diablerets, Wildhorn and Wildstrubel) around 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), and the chain east of Gemmi Pass, consisting mainly of summits around 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) on several subranges, with large valley glaciers between them. The latter section, contrary to the former, has very few foothills and is the most glaciated part of the Alps.[2]
A characteristic in the orography of the Bernese Alps is, that whereas the western portion of that chain consists of a single series of summits with comparatively short projecting buttresses, the higher group presents a series of longitudinal ridges parallel to the axis of the main chain, and separated from each other by deep valleys that form the channels of great glaciers. Thus the Tschingel Glacier and the Kander Glacier, separate the portion of the main range lying between the Gemmi Pass and the Mittaghorn from the equally high parallel range of the Doldenhorn and Blümlisalp on its northern side. To the south the same portion of the main range is divided from the still higher parallel range whose summits are the Aletschhorn and the Bietschhorn by the Lötschental and the Lötschenlücke. To this again succeeds the deep trench through which the lower part of the Aletsch Glacier flows down to the Rhône, enclosed by the minor ridge that culminates at the Eggishorn.[1]
It is in the central and eastern portions of the range only that crystalline rocks make their appearance; the western part is composed almost exclusively of sedimentary deposits, and the secondary ridges extending through Bern and the adjoining cantons are formed of jurassic, cretaceous, or eocene strata.[1]
The north side of the Bernese Alps from across the Swiss Plateau
The south side of the Bernese Alps from across the Rhone Valley
ExplorationEdit
The Finsteraarhorn is the highest mountain in the Bernese Alps. It is also one of the remotest locations in Switzerland
The beauty of the scenery and the facilities offered to travellers by the general extension of mountain railways make the northern side of the range, the Bernese Oberland, one of the portions of the Alps most visited by tourists. Since strangers first began to visit the Alps, the names of Grindelwald, Lauterbrunnen, and Interlaken have become famous. But unlike many other Alpine regions, which have been left to be explored by strangers, this region has been long visited by Swiss travellers and men of science. Among them were the brother Meyer of Aarau and Franz Joseph Hugi. They have explored most of the mountain ranges not very difficult of access, and have climbed most of the higher summits. In 1841, Louis Agassiz, with several scientific friends, established a temporary station on the Unteraar Glacier, and, along with scientific observations on the glaciers, started a series of expeditions. Several mountains in the area are named after Agassiz and the other explorers. The works of Desor and Gottlieb Studer have been followed by several other publications that bear testimony to Swiss mountaineering activity. Notwithstanding the activity of their predecessors, the members of the English Alpine Club have found scope for further exploits, amongst which may be reckoned the first ascents of the Aletschhorn and the Schreckhorn, and the still more arduous enterprise of crossing the range by passes, such as the Jungfraujoch and Eigerjoch, which are considered among the most difficult in the Alps.[1]
Jungfrau-Aletsch areaEdit
Main article: Jungfrau-Aletsch Protected Area
Jungfrau-Aletsch area seen from space
The Jungfrau-Aletsch area is located in the eastern Bernese Alps in the most glaciated region of the Alps. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch) in 2001 and further expanded in 2007. Its name comes from the Aletsch Glacier and the two summits of the Jungfrau and Bietschhorn, which constitute some of the most impressive features of the site. The actual site (after the extension) includes other large glacier valleys such as the Fiescher Glacier and the Aar Glaciers.
List of peaksEdit
See also: List of mountains in Switzerland
The chief peaks of the Bernese Alps are:
Finsteraarhorn 4,274 metres (14,022 ft)
Aletschhorn 4,182 metres (13,720 ft)
Jungfrau 4,166 metres (13,668 ft)
Mönch 4,105 metres (13,468 ft)
Schreckhorn 4,080 metres (13,386 ft)
Grosses Fiescherhorn 4,049 metres (13,284 ft)
Grünhorn 4,043 metres (13,264 ft)
Lauteraarhorn 4,042 metres (13,261 ft)
Hinteres Fiescherhorn 4,025 metres (13,205 ft)
Gletscherhorn 3,983 metres (13,068 ft)
Rottalhorn 3,969 metres (13,022 ft)
Eiger 3,967 metres (13,015 ft)
Ebnefluh 3,962 metres (12,999 ft)
Agassizhorn 3,946 metres (12,946 ft)
Bietschhorn 3,934 metres (12,907 ft)
Trugberg 3,933 metres (12,904 ft)
Klein Grünhorn 3,913 metres (12,838 ft)
Gross Wannenhorn 3,905 metres (12,812 ft)
Kleines Fiescherhorn 3,895 metres (12,779 ft)
Mittaghorn 3,892 metres (12,769 ft)
Fiescher Gabelhorn 3,876 metres (12,717 ft)
Schönbühlhorn 3,854 metres (12,644 ft)
Nesthorn 3,820 metres (12,533 ft)
Dreieckhorn 3,811 metres (12,503 ft)
Schinhorn 3,797 metres (12,457 ft)
Breithorn (Blatten) 3,785 metres (12,418 ft)
Breithorn (Lauterbrunnen) 3,779 metres (12,398 ft)
Grosshorn 3,754 metres (12,316 ft)
Sattelhorn 3,745 metres (12,287 ft)
Kranzberg 3,742 metres (12,277 ft)
Geisshorn 3,740 metres (12,270 ft)
Klein Lauteraarhorn 3,737 metres (12,260 ft)
Wetterhorn 3,708 metres (12,165 ft)
Mittelhorn 3,704 metres (12,152 ft)
Rotstock 3,699 metres (12,136 ft)
Balmhorn 3,698 metres (12,133 ft)
Silberhorn 3,695 metres (12,123 ft)
Rosenhorn 3,689 metres (12,103 ft)
Blüemlisalphorn 3,671 metres (12,044 ft)
Bärglistock 3,656 metres (11,995 ft)
Breitlauihorn 3,655 metres (11,991 ft)
Doldenhorn 3,647 metres (11,965 ft)
Hugihorn 3,647 metres (11,965 ft)
Altels 3,636 metres (11,929 ft)
Gross Fusshorn 3,627 metres (11,900 ft)
Tschingelhorn 3,562 metres (11,686 ft)
Lonzahörner 3,560 metres (11,680 ft)
Unterbächhorn 3,554 metres (11,660 ft)
Finsteraarrothorn 3,530 metres (11,581 ft)
Galmihorn 3,505 metres (11,499 ft)
Wysshorn 3,546 metres (11,634 ft)
Kleines Schreckhorn 3,494 metres (11,463 ft)
Nasse Strahlegg 3,485 metres (11,434 ft)
Lauteraar Rothörner 3,478 metres (11,411 ft)
Wasenhorn 3,447 metres (11,309 ft)
Gspaltenhorn 3,442 metres (11,293 ft)
Ewigschneehorn 3,331 metres (10,928 ft)
Olmenhorn 3,314 metres (10,873 ft)
Hienderstock 3,307 metres (10,850 ft)
Wilerhorn 3,307 metres (10,850 ft)
Tschingelspitz 3,304 metres (10,840 ft)
Hockenhorn 3,293 metres (10,804 ft)
Ritzlihorn 3,282 metres (10,768 ft)
Hogleifa 3,278 metres (10,755 ft)
Wildhorn 3,248 metres (10,656 ft)
Bächlistock 3,247 metres (10,653 ft)
Birghorn 3,243 metres (10,640 ft)
Wildstrubel 3,243 metres (10,640 ft)
Hohstock 3,226 metres (10,584 ft)
Stockhorn 3,212 metres (10,538 ft)
Diablerets 3,210 metres (10,531 ft)
Sackhorn 3,204 metres (10,512 ft)
Petersgrat 3,202 metres (10,505 ft)
Strahlhorn (Baltschieder) 3,200 metres (10,499 ft)
Wellhorn 3,196 metres (10,486 ft)
Firehorn 3,182 metres (10,440 ft)
Steinlauihorn 3,161 metres (10,371 ft)
Wannihorn 3,115 metres (10,220 ft)
Brandlammhorn 3,108 metres (10,197 ft)
Mettenberg 3,107 metres (10,194 ft)
Schwarzhorn 3,105 metres (10,187 ft)
Löffelhorn 3,098 metres (10,164 ft)
Tieregghorn 3,075 metres (10,089 ft)
Geltenhorn 3,065 metres (10,056 ft)
Grand Muveran 3,061 metres (10,043 ft)
Mutthorn 3,053 metres (10,016 ft)
Arpelistock 3,035 metres (9,957 ft)
Sparrhorn 3,026 metres (9,928 ft)
Torrenthorn 3,003 metres (9,852 ft)
Wiwannihorn 3,001 metres (9,846 ft)
Brünberg 2,982 metres (9,783 ft)
Schilthorn 2,973 metres (9,754 ft)
Dent de Morcles 2,969 metres (9,741 ft)
Gärsthorn 2,964 metres (9,724 ft)
Eggishorn 2,934 metres (9,626 ft)
Schwarzhorn 2,930 metres (9,613 ft)
Ritzihorn 2,891 metres (9,485 ft)
Wildgärst 2,891 metres (9,485 ft)
Gross Sidelhorn 2,881 metres (9,452 ft)
Alplistock 2,878 metres (9,442 ft)
Risihorn 2,876 metres (9,436 ft)
Bettmerhorn 2,872 metres (9,423 ft)
Gallauistöck 2,869 metres (9,413 ft)
Gstellihorn 2,855 metres (9,367 ft)
Innerer Fisistock 2,787 metres (9,144 ft)
Grosses Engelhorn 2,782 metres (9,127 ft)
Chistehorn 2,785 metres (9,137 ft)
Niwen 2,769 metres (9,085 ft)
Albristhorn 2,764 metres (9,068 ft)
Bietenhorn 2,756 metres (9,042 ft)
Ärmighorn 2,742 metres (8,996 ft)
Tschingellochtighorn 2,735 metres (8,973 ft)
Klein Wellhorn 2,701 metres (8,862 ft)
Mittaghorn 2,686 metres (8,812 ft)
Birg 2,684 metres (8,806 ft)
Faulhorn 2,683 metres (8,802 ft)
Schwarzmönch 2,649 metres (8,691 ft)
Mont à Cavouère 2,612 metres (8,570 ft)
Schluchhorn 2,579 metres (8,461 ft)
Bunderspitz 2,546 metres (8,353 ft)
Sulegg 2,412 metres (7,913 ft)
Niesen 2,366 metres (7,762 ft)
Pic Chaussy 2,351 metres (7,713 ft)
Tête du Portail 2,335 metres (7,661 ft)
Rauflihorn 2,323 metres (7,621 ft)
Gebidum 2,317 metres (7,602 ft)
Wiriehorn 2,304 metres (7,559 ft)
Furggenspitz 2,297 metres (7,536 ft)
Pointe des Savolaires 2,294 metres (7,526 ft)
Oltschiburg 2,234 metres (7,329 ft)
Riederhorn 2,230 metres (7,316 ft)
Vanil Carré 2,197 metres (7,208 ft)
Regenboldshorn 2,193 metres (7,195 ft)
Hochmatt 2,152 metres (7,060 ft)
Rüdigenspitze 2,124 metres (6,969 ft)
Le Chamossaire 2,116 metres (6,942 ft)
Rocher du Midi 2,097 metres (6,880 ft)
Dent de Combette 2,082 metres (6,831 ft)
Hohmad 2,076 metres (6,811 ft)
Hohmädli 2,021 metres (6,631 ft)
Wätterlatte 2,007 metres (6,585 ft)
GlaciersEdit
The Aletsch Glacier is the largest glacier in the Alps
Main glaciers:
Aletsch Glacier
Fiescher Glacier
Unteraar Glacier
Lower Grindelwald Glacier
Oberaletsch Glacier
Mittelaletsch Glacier
Gauli Glacier
Lang Glacier
Upper Grindelwald Glacier
Kander Glacier
Tschingel Glacier
Rosenlaui Glacier
Plaine Morte Glacier
Wildstrubel Glacier
Tsanfleuron Glacier
Diablerets Glacier
List of mountains lakesEdit
Oeschinensee
Grimselsee
Oberaarsee
Lac de Tseuzier
Daubensee
Lac de Sénin
Oschinensee
List of passesEdit
The road of the Grimsel Pass is the only one connecting the cantons of Bern and Valais
The chief passes of the Bernese Alps are:
Mountain pass
Lauitor Lauterbrunnen to the Eggishorn Snow 3,700 metres (12,139 ft)
Mönchjoch Grindelwald to the Eggishorn Snow 3,560 metres (11,680 ft)
Jungfraujoch Wengernalp to the Eggishorn Snow 3,470 metres (11,385 ft)
Strahlegg Grindelwald to the Grimsel Pass Snow 3,351 metres (10,994 ft)
Grünhornlücke Great Aletsch Glacier to the Fiescher Glacier Snow 3,305 metres (10,843 ft)
Oberaarjoch Grimsel to the Eggishorn Snow 3,233 metres (10,607 ft)
Gauli Grimsel to Meiringen Snow 3,206 metres (10,518 ft)
Petersgrat Lauterbrunnen to the Lötschental Snow 3,205 metres (10,515 ft)
Lötschenlücke Lötschental to the Eggishorn Snow 3,204 metres (10,512 ft)
Lauteraarsattel Grindelwald to the Grimsel Snow 3,156 metres (10,354 ft)
Beichgrat Lötschental to the Belalp Snow 3,136 metres (10,289 ft)
Lammernjoch Lenk to the Gemmi Snow 3,132 metres (10,276 ft)
Gamchilucke Kiental to Lauterbrunnen Snow 2,833 metres (9,295 ft)
Tschiugel Lauterbrunnen to Kandersteg Snow 2,824 metres (9,265 ft)
Hohtürli Kandersteg to the Kiental Footpath 2,707 metres (8,881 ft)
Lötschen Kandersteg to the Lötschental Snow 2,695 metres (8,842 ft)
Sefinenfurgge Lauterbrunnen to the Kiental Footpath 2,616 metres (8,583 ft)
Rawil Sion to Lenk im Simmental Bridle path 2,415 metres (7,923 ft)
Gemmi Kandersteg to Leukerbad Bridle path 2,329 metres (7,641 ft)
Sanetsch Sion to Saanen Bridle path 2,234 metres (7,329 ft)
Grimsel Meiringen to the Rhône Glacier Road 2,164 metres (7,100 ft)
Kleine Scheidegg Grindelwald to Lauterbrunnen Path, railway 2,064 metres (6,772 ft)
Cheville Sion to Bex Bridle path 2,049 metres (6,722 ft)
Grosse Scheidegg Grindelwald to Meiringen road (restricted to buses) 1,967 metres (6,453 ft)
Alps portal
Bernese Alps in the wide sense
The Alps (documentary film)
^ a b c d John Ball, The Alpine guide, Central Alps, 1866, London
^ Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn World Heritage Site
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bernese Alps.
Bernese Alps at NASA Earth Observatory
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernese_Alps&oldid=1020023708"
This page was last edited on 26 April 2021, at 19:09 (UTC).


My name is Paul Miller and I am a professed member of the Secular Franciscan Order. I am married with four adult children and twelve grandchildren.
The Healing Ministry of Divine Mercy was established to propagate the devotion of Divine Mercy.
My private healing ministry began in 1997, my public ministry in 2000. The first commenced after an encounter with Venezuelan mystic and visionary Servant of God María Esperanza of Betania; the second formally began at the Basilica of Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Roxbury, Massachusetts, and under the guidance of the late Rev. Edward McDonough.
As a Franciscan, I seek to minister specifically to the sick, the poor, the helpless, and the marginalized, thereby bringing Our Lord's healing and peace to those most in need.
Most importantly, my life's mission as ordained by God, is to proclaim The Authentic Message of Divine Mercy throughout the world. My complete surrender and devotion to Our Lord's Most Sacred Heart, propels me to tirelessly endeavor to promulgate God's mercy and love for humankind. The Chaplet of Divine Mercy is the vehicle for fulfilling this God-given mission, that of saving souls.
Once limited to the tri-state area, my ministry now extends throughout the United States as well as the Caribbean. Healing Services are held in churches, retreat and conference centers and many private homes. Anyone can attend my services regardless of religious affiliation.


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text:
federal data breach notification law
(A) O THER FEDERAL LAW.—An agreement under paragraph (1) shall not effect a covered entity's obligation to provide notice of a breach of security or similar event under any other Federal law. The result is that while the EU has one basic law covering data protection, privacy controls and breach notification , the U.S. has a patchwork of state and federal laws, common law and public and private enforcement that has evolved over the last 100 years and more. Slate, Data Security Breach Notification Laws Gina Stevens Legislative Attorney April 10, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42475 . Delaying breach notifications could attract a fine up to $10,000 per day plus state attorneys' fees, with a fine of $10,000 possible for each violation. Uniform, predictable law on data security and notification is urgently needed. Businesses and organizations (including non-profits), of all sizes hold personally identifying information of individuals, such as employees, customers, members and vendors. The Data Security and Breach Notification Act of 2015, "aims to tackle the nation's growing data security threats and challenges." So far, that sounds pretty good to me. Photo illustration by Slate. Instead, a loose patchwork of state and federal legislation forms the current body of U.S. data protection law. Security breaches involving your personal information – also referred to as data breaches – can create a significant risk of fraud or identity theft if the information is acquired by the wrong person. The FTC can investigate companies that do not adhere to their stated privacy policies and do not have safeguards to protect customer data, but no broad federal law exists regarding breach notifications. Attorney Advertising. The Office can seek up to $150,000 for data breaches that have not been properly disclosed to Indiana customers. This article is intended to promote awareness of these data breach notification laws, and to highlight certain aspects of these laws. Named the Alabama Data Breach Notification Act of 2018 (S.B. Data breach notification laws typically cover "personally identifiable information" or "individually identifiable information." No single federal law or regulation governs the security of all types of sensitive personal information. This proliferation of laws around the world isn't just a sign that the U.S. has fallen behind on this issue, it's also an indicator of how much work U.S.-based companies are already doing around data security in order to operate in other countries. A uniform federal law governing notification of data breaches would be welcome, but it should pre-empt related state laws if it is going to be helpful to employers, observers say. such notification shall be delayed upon written notice from such Federal law enforcement agency to the business entity that experienced the breach. Person who owns or licenses the computerized data must notify individuals within 45 days after determining that a breach has occurred. Half of all Americans believe their personal information is less secure now than it was five years ago, and a sobering study from the Pew Research Center reveals how little faith the public has in organizations, whether governmental or private-sector, to protect their data—and with good reason. In the absence of federal legislation, back in 2002, California passed the first law requiring companies to report breaches of personal information and other states gradually followed suit until, eventually, every single one had passed its own breach notification law, with its own definition of what constituted personal information and its own requirements for how companies had to respond, who they had to report to, what the timeline for reporting would be, and whether the requirement applied to encrypted information. Therefore, a data breach affecting residents located in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories could potentially require 50 or more different versions of notices that comply with each jurisdiction's particular requirements. A data breach notification law would supplant the patchwork, state-based approach that appears unworkable from both compliance and litigation standpoints. Members of Congress have been discussing federal data breach notification standards for years, but they have failed to pass legislation, even after the 2017 Equifax data breach that compromised the personal information of roughly 148 million Americans. How a federal data protection or privacy law … And it's not just embarrassing, it's actively harmful—to consumers whose personal data is being stolen or exposed on a regular basis and to companies that lack clear guidance on how they should be protecting their customers' data. Arguably, the absence of a clear federal standard for data security and privacy in the United States also created a regulatory vacuum that has been filled by a patchwork of different laws passed by individual states, leading to multiple compliance headaches for private firms. But those piecemeal solutions do not come close to adequately addressing the huge gap at the heart of U.S. civilian cybersecurity policy: the absence of a federal data protection law. We've already seen that happen with data breach notification laws in this country. This chart does not cover non-owners of data. By joining Slate Plus you support our work and get exclusive content. Every state now has its own breach notification law. Others disagreed, saying a new federal law that doesn't preempt state laws would create a 49th data breach regulation for businesses to comply with. The rule offers four criteria that … The chart is a summary of basic state notification requirements that apply to entities who "own" data. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. The burden on companies is minimal, requiring only that a … While federal data breach notification law is limited in scope, state data breach laws apply whenever a data breach involves records of that state's residents. Each state's law differs on what specific information the notice must include. The exact steps to take depend on the nature of the breach and the structure of your business. Federal mandatory data breach notification laws come into force November 1, 2018 What you need to know Does this legislation apply to small organizations? It's such a significant point that we wrote an illuminating white paper on this very subject to help you decide when to report a ransomware attack under various state, federal, and international laws. In the meantime, businesses and practitioners will need to contend with the current patchwork of federal and state laws in the event of a data breach. Introduction. is a partnership of (2) EXTENDED DELAY OF NOTIFICATION.—If the notification required under subsection (a) is delayed pursuant to paragraph (1), a business entity shall give notice 30 days after the day Congress has tried and repeatedly failed to pass a national notification law. The Information Covered by Breach Notification Law: For an incident to be considered a data breach, all states require the incident to include the loss of, at minimum, a first name or first initial and last name, along with any of: A Social Security number, A driver's license number; A state issued ID, Private banking related information. Several of the proposed bills – including the Data Security and Breach Notification Act and the SAFE Data Act – direct the Federal Trade Commission to promulgate regulations on data security and notification. South Dakota introduced its … Depending on the size and nature of your company, they may include f… With these steps in place, businesses can be confident that they are doing everything possible to safeguard the personal data of their customers and employees in compliance with the law. And you'll never see this message again. Notification or discovery of security breach, but notification not required if, after an appropriate investigation by the person or after consultation with the relevant federal, state, or local law enforcement agencies, person determines that a risk of identity theft or other fraud to any consumer is not reasonably likely to occur as a result of the breach. Due to the increased complexity and challenge in responding to a data breach arising from the differences between the various state data breach notification laws, the most important consideration is swift action in compliance with the applicable law(s) once the breach is discovered. Definition of Breach. Each state's data breach notification law functions to protect the residents of their respective states. Cyber Investigation Expert: Federal Data Breach Law Expert | Computer Breach Investigation Expert | Computer Investigation Expert | Cyber Forensics Expert (2) EXTENDED DELAY OF NOTIFICATION.—If the notification required under subsection (a) is delayed pursuant to paragraph (1), a business entity shall give notice 30 days after the day Illinois provides for both enforcement by the Illinois State Attorney General, as well as a private right of action for Illinois residents. Following a breach of unsecured protected health information, covered entities must provide notification of the breach to affected individuals, the Secretary, and, in certain circumstances, to the media. Examples of federal data privacy and protection laws are: HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), which protects individuals' medical and other health information; GLBA (Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act), which requires financial institutions to protect their individual customers' personal and financial information; and COPPA (Children's Online Privacy Protection Act), which protects the personal information of children under 13 years of age. A comprehensive assessment of all laws applicable to breaches of information other than PII. State laws on data breach notification. David Thaw, a law professor focused on cybersecurity at the University of Connecticut, agreed, saying comprehensive data security regulation, combined with data breach notification … New laws in Alabama and South Dakota in March 2018 brought the number of states with security breach notification bills to 50. Home » Mandatory Data Breach Notification in Canada: Understanding Your New Obligations Mandatory Data Breach Notification in Canada: Understanding Your New Obligations . Generally speaking, this could refer to personal information like names, identifiers (i.e. For more information about state data breach notification laws or other data security matters, please contact one of the following individuals listed below or another member of Foley's Cybersecurity practice. A common, but narrow, exception to the definition of PII in some states is publicly-available information that is lawfully made available to the general public from federal, state or local government records. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act allows California residents whose PII is disclosed in a data breach to claim statutory damages of up to $750 per resident per incident or actual damages, whichever is greater, and individual residents may combine their claims into a class action. If your organization handles or works with a certain type of data, you have a legal obligation to protect that data. Now 48 US states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands have enacted their own data breach notification laws that require affected individuals to be notified in the event of an information security breach. Data breach notification laws have two main goals. A breach may occur either through digital means such as unauthorized access to a business's computer system through hacking, or physical means such as the theft of company property containing PII. This means there are reasons to pass a federal data protection law not just from an ethical standpoint but also from a purely practical perspective . The Massachusetts Data Breach Notification Law took effect last year. that examines emerging technologies, public policy, and society. Each state's law provides for an enforcement mechanism, either under the data breach notification law itself or a related consumer protection statute. If you do not own the data at issue, consult the applicable laws and contact legal counsel. Federal laws Edit This publication may constitute Advertising Material. It ups the game for businesses that manage the personal data of Massachusetts residents. Future Tense Discuss: At hearing on federal data-privacy law, debate flares over state rules Sign in to comment. Cyber Investigation Expert: Federal Data Breach Law Expert | Computer Breach Investigation Expert | Computer Investigation Expert | Cyber Forensics Expert To Top Call Now 866.795.7166 You've run out of free articles. Organizations that conduct business across all 50 states therefore have a considerable compliance challenge. In today's digital world in which a data breach can occur at any time to any business, every business needs to have a plan for how it will respond to a data breach and then train its employees to identify and report a breach when it occurs. Personal information in the United States is currently protected by a patchwork of industry-specific federal laws and state legislation whose scope and jurisdiction vary. There is no federal data breach notification law in the United States—it's possible a federal data protection law might include notification requirements, but it … In addition, service providers that maintain computerized data on behalf of the data's owner or licensee are also generally covered under data breach notification laws, and would be required to notify the data's owner in the event that the service provider sustains a breach. If you value our work, please disable your ad blocker. Can We Convince the Sleeping Brain to Process Our Problems? Moreover, Congress has waited so long to act that it already has a lot of examples it can draw on and learn from when it comes to data protection legislation—besides the CCPA, there's the European General Data Protection Regulation, the Japanese Act on the Protection of Personal Information, the Brazilian General Data Protection Law, and the Indian Personal Data Protection Bill that appears to be nearing passage in India, to name just a few. Illinois requires for the notice to include, at a minimum, contact information for the three major consumer reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian and TransUnion) and the Federal Trade Commission, and guidance that an individual can obtain information from these agencies about obtaining fraud alerts and security freezes. Generally, data breach notification laws apply to persons or businesses that own or license computerized data that includes PII. There are some exceptions—certain specific types of data are regulated (health information, for instance, or data about children under 13), and the California Consumer Privacy Act, which went into effect this year, imposes some security and privacy requirements on companies collecting information about California residents. All contents © 2020 The Slate Group LLC. Breach Notification Requirements. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. the security breach and restore the reasonable integrity, security, and confidentiality of the data system. discovery or notification, consistent with the legitimate needs of the law enforcement agency or with any measures necessary to determine the scope of. The only thing worse than a data breach is multiple data breaches. Summary: Alabama became the final state in the U.S. to enact a data breach notification law on March 28, 2018. Now that the South Dakota data breach notification law has been enacted, Alabama is the only state that has not yet introduced state-level data breach notification regulations. 318), it … However, some states impose a strict requirement to provide notice within a certain time period after discovery of the breach, which may be as short as 30 days (Colorado, Florida, Washington), or as long as 90 days (Connecticut), with a 45-day notification period being most common among the remaining states. In addition, some states also require that notice be given to the state attorney general or other state authorities in the event that the breach affects a certain number of that state's residents, usually 500 residents or more. The Act expands the kinds of personal information covered by the District's data breach notification law. This publication should not be construed as legal advice or legal opinion on any specific facts or circumstances. A federal data protection law should, at minimum, include a clear definition of what constitutes personal data, standards for what precisely companies have to do to protect that data, what they have to tell their customers about their data collection, sharing, and analysis practices, what penalties may result from failing to meet these requirements, and, finally, a threshold for how large a company has to be before it is required to comply with these requirements, in order to avoid squashing new, smaller entrants in the market. It only took 15 years. For the purposes of this article, the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands will be referred to collectively as "states" unless otherwise noted. They are the reason consumers were made aware of the significant data breaches that caught Congress's attention in 2005. That's not to say that the United States should pass the exact same regulations as Europe or any other country—indeed, one of the advantages that Congress has from waiting so long to act on this issue is the ability to avoid some of the pitfalls of those laws, including the excessively high maximum fines permitted and the overly broad right to be forgotten measures, which have been construed as requiring search engines to remove news articles about harassment allegations under the European GDPR. Certainly it led to more reporting back in the early 2000s when California passed its law long before Congress seemed to have any appetite for such legislation. Individual states differ on whether additional forms of notice, such as by telephone or by electronic means are acceptable. On July 25, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo signed two data security and breach notification bills into law. State laws on data breach notification. As the number of highly publicized data breaches continues to skyrocket and proposals for a federal data breach notification law stagnate, state legislatures around the country have been busy amending their own breach notification statutes. The laws in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands allow for notice to be given by written letter. Some states such as California allow for affected individuals to have a private right of action to sue a business directly. Person who maintains data must notify, as soon as practicable, the owner or licensee of data. But it's well past time for the federal government to make some first steps on this issue and help reassure both U.S. consumers and businesses that they are not on their own when it comes to protecting their data. Personal information in the United States is currently protected by a patchwork of industry-specific federal laws and state legislation whose scope and jurisdiction vary. However, some states requiring notification to state authorities do not have a minimum threshold amount of affected residents, meaning that a breach affecting a single resident in that state will also require giving notice to the relevant state authorities. FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The Biden Administration Needs to Keep Underseas Internet Cables From Drowning. The most common provision is that notification must be given "in the most expedient time possible and without unreasonable delay" following discovery or notification that a breach occurred. At the top of the Biden administration's cybersecurity agenda should be passing a piece of legislation that lays out clear definitions as well as security and privacy standards for personal information. Data breach notification laws typically cover personally identifiable information or individually identifiable information. Insights from the frontlines of privacy and data security law. Mobilize your breach response team right away to prevent additional data loss. We acknowledge the traditional custodians of Australia and their continuing connection to land, sea and community. Notify Massachusetts Residents About a Data Breach (or a Potential Data Breach) There is no federal data breach notification law in the United States—it's possible a federal data protection law might include notification requirements, but it might also focus more narrowly on the requirements for collecting and protecting personal data. Those headaches are further compounded for multinational companies by foreign laws that allow for heavy penalties seemingly directed at U.S.-based tech firms. Acknowledgement of Country. Justia › US Law › US Codes and Statutes › Code of Alabama › 2019 Code of Alabama › Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection. Federal Information Security and Data Breach Notification Laws Congressional Research Service Summary A data security breach occurs when there is a loss or theft of, or other unauthorized access to, sensitive personally identifiable information that could result in the potential compromise of the confidentiality or integrity of data. We pay our respects to the people, the cultures and the elders past, present and emerging. The Biden administration can't make this happen on its own—but if it wants to find opportunities for bipartisan action in Congress, a data protection law is a great place to start. "Our constituents are continually asking for greater protection. Security Breach Notification Laws 7/17/2020 All 50 states, the District of … It strikes a good balance between providing individual consumers with transparency and access to their data and requiring reasonable security measures for that data without placing an unduly onerous burden on businesses, while also considering the importance of international harmonization and interoperability. Although Congress has attempted to agree on federal data breach notification legislation, there is no national data breach notification law that applies to most companies. And not to put too fine a point on it, the Data Security and Breach Notification Act of 2015, in its current form, has a long way to go before it should become the law of the land. Take steps so it doesn't happen again. Assemble a team of expertsto conduct a comprehensive breach response. Under each state's data breach notification laws, a resident of a state must receive notice of the breach according to the law of that particular state. I don't have a crystal ball to tell you whether some version of a federal data breach notification law will pass this year, and if so, what its specific requirements will be. Security breach laws typically have provisions regarding who must comply with the law (e.g., businesses, data or information brokers, government entities, etc. By quickly identifying the information disclosed in a breach and the individuals affected so that prompt notice can be sent, a business can help contain and reduce the risks of its customers or employees falling victim to fraudulent transactions and identity theft, as well as mitigate its own risks of litigation from customers or employees affected by the breach. This chart also does not cover: "Preempting state law would make consumers less protected than they are right now," reads the letter signed by 47 state and territorial attorneys general. Most of the federal bills related to data security and data breach notification pending in Congress preempts the states. The Data Breach Notification laws which started in California in 2003, and have now spread over most of the USA, have provided a stimulus to companies doing business there to take the protection and use of the personal data in their care with much greater seriousness and commitment realising that their companies' reputations are at stake. Cybersecurity is a moving target and it may well be that data protection regulation needs to be revisited periodically and updated. Go to previous versions of this Chapter At present, there are a few national standards in place regarding data breach notification of potential victims, but federal laws are limited at this time to financial institutions (the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, 15 U.S.C. Data breach notification laws typically require covered entities to implement a data breach notification policy, and include requirements for incident reporting and handling and external breach notification. Further, data breach notification laws change frequently. By Philip N. Yannella & Kristen Poetzel Ricci on September 13, 2018. So far, data protection laws in the U.S. have taken several different forms, including state website privacy policy laws (such as the California Online Privacy Protection Act (CalOPPA)), state general privacy laws (such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)), Washington's new privacy law and the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act), state data breach notification laws, and federal statutes providing for protection of specific types of information.1 Of these different approaches to data protection, data breach notification laws have reached a particularly high level of adoption in the U.S., with all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands having passed data breach notification laws as of 2020.2 The purpose of data breach notification laws is to place affirmative obligations on entities holding certain personal data of individuals to provide timely notification of breaches to the individuals affected, and in some cases require entities to notify relevant state authorities as well. [ Privacy commissioner backs mandatory data breach notification]. Join Slate Plus to continue reading, and you'll get unlimited access to all our work—and support Slate's independent journalism. It's an embarrassment that in 2020 that the country that played such an integral role in building and then commercializing the Internet has fallen so woefully behind other nations in developing suitable policy and regulatory measures to address the resulting risks. Fortunately, Congress has been presented with a variety of statutory options from which it can craft data breach law. Named the Alabama Data Breach Notification Act of 2018 (S.B. DWT's State Data Breach Notification Summaries will be updated as those amendments go into effect. Slate relies on advertising to support our journalism. A breach is, generally, an impermissible use or disclosure under the Privacy … As of the writing of this article, there appears to be some indications that Congress may again consider implementing new federal data privacy legislation. › Chapter 38 - Data Breach Notification Act of 2018. Data breach notification laws concern "personal information" or "personally identifiable information" ("PII") of individuals, which is generally defined as an individual's first name/initial and last name in combination with unencrypted sensitive data such as a social security number, driver's license number, bank account number or credit/debit card number, medical or health insurance information, or a computer user name … Congress is poised to consider a federal data breach notification law this session. Tennessee Enacted in 2005, Tennessee's data breach notification law requires entities that conduct business in Tennessee and that... Notice must be made immediately, but no later than 45 days from the discovery or notification of the breach. Delaying breach notifications could attract a fine up to $10,000 per day plus state attorneys' fees, with a fine of $10,000 possible for each violation. It's possible this system of individual state laws has led to somewhat more reporting of data breaches than a federal law would have, since many companies choose to adhere to the most stringent state laws for all of the customers rather than trying to tailor their breach responses to 50 slightly different laws. But it's no longer 2002 and we shouldn't need California to drag us, state by state, over the course of more than a decade, into a similarly confusing system of dozens of inconsistent data protection and privacy laws that companies have to scramble to comply with. A federal data protection law might even introduce a new enforcement agency, as CPRA introduces in California. 4828-5324-9087.2. 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Today marks the first day of the 2011 Toy Fair in New York City and we have some exciting news from DreamWorks Animation and Mattel! Today, both companies announced that they have entered into an exclusive licensing relationship with Fisher Price to debut the very first of their new toy collections for The Penguins of Madagascar and Kung Fu Panda 2.
Arriving just in time for the premiere of DreamWork's Animation's Kung Fu Panda 2 – the sequel to the original blockbuster that generated over $631 million at the box office – Fisher Price will introduce the new Kung Fu Panda 2 toy collection, a line that will include mini collectible figures, role play, action figures and plush toys. The shining star of the collection, Kung Fu Po Wrestler, is an oversized 15 inch plush that responds to kids with comical sound effects and quick-witted phrases.
DreamWorks will also be coming out with the triquel, Madagascar 3 on May 25, 2012. The Penguins from the Madagascar TV series will be making an appearance in the movie and coming out with their own toy line to be launched this fall. Including playsets, plush, role play and other figures, the highlight of this line will be the new Regurgitating Rico Launcher (pictured above), a popular character that spews popcorn balls once the kids feed them through Rico's mouth. Pull on his legs and he squawks before the popcorn launches through the air.
First Lady Michelle Obama Answers Children's Questions For "Take Our Daughters And Sons To Work Day"


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Healthy Food Choices
Shellfish & Zinc
Written by Meg Campbell; Updated November 21, 2018
1 Are Cuttlefish Healthy?
2 A High Zinc Diet
3 Should the Supplement Zinc Be Given to Teenagers?
4 Zinc in Toddlers
Zinc is involved in a wide range of important body processes. It's a basic component of the enzymes that regulate growth and development, hormone secretion, immune system function, wound healing and appetite. The trace mineral contributes to the structure of cells and proteins and helps your body use vitamin A. It's also needed to maintain proper sense of taste and smell. While most whole foods contain some amount of zinc, shellfish tends to be an exceptionally rich source.
Daily Intake
Although zinc is present in all of your body's tissues, its status as a trace mineral means you only need to consume a relatively small amount each day. For most healthy men and women, the recommended dietary allowance for zinc is 11 milligrams and 8 milligrams a day, respectively. Because zinc is critical to proper growth and development, pregnant women require 11 milligrams a day.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration sets the daily value for zinc at 15 milligrams. Foods that provide at least 10 percent of the daily value are considered good sources of zinc, while those that deliver 20 percent or more of the daily value qualify as excellent sources.
One of two general categories of shellfish, mollusks include two-shelled and single-shelled organisms such as oysters, clams, mussels and scallops. Mollusks are generally a low-fat, low-calorie source of protein and an array of vitamins and minerals. Oysters are higher in zinc than any other food. For about 90 calories, a 3-ounce serving of steamed, boiled or poached wild oysters delivers nearly 67 milligrams of zinc, or 445 percent of the daily value. A 3-ounce serving of moist-cooked mussels supplies just under 150 calories and 15 percent of the daily value for zinc. The same amount of moist-cooked clams also provides 15 percent of the daily value for zinc, but contains 20 percent fewer calories. Moist-cooked scallops provide about 90 calories and 9 percent of the daily value per serving.
Crustaceans are the other main type of shellfish. Lobster, crab, shrimp and other crustaceans are characterized by soft, segmented bodies protected by armor-like sections of shell. As with mollusks, crustaceans are relatively low in fat and calories and high in protein, vitamins and minerals. A single 3-ounce serving of steamed, boiled or poached spiny lobster, or about half an average-sized specimen, provides about 120 calories and 6.2 milligrams of zinc, or 41 percent of the daily value. For just 80 calories, 3 ounces of moist-cooked Alaskan king crab supplies 43 percent of the daily value for zinc, while a single leg delivers 130 calories and 68 percent of the daily value. Moist-cooked shrimp has about 100 calories and provides 9 percent of the daily value per 3-ounce serving.
The way you prepare your shellfish affects the amount of zinc it provides. Dry heat cooking methods including grilling, baking, roasting, broiling and sautéing tend to reduce zinc levels. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, dry-cooked wild oysters are roughly 30 percent lower in calories and zinc than oysters that are prepared with a moist heat method such as steaming, poaching, boiling or braising. Fried shellfish is an exception, however, in that it's generally much higher in zinc than the moist-cooked variety. A 3-ounce serving of fried breaded oysters provides 74 milligrams of zinc, or nearly 500 percent of the daily value. However, it also has nearly twice as many calories and almost four times as much fat as a 3-ounce serving of moist-cooked oysters.
Office of Dietary Supplements: Zinc
Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University: Zinc
USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory: Foods List
Wellness Foods A to Z; Sheldon Margen, M.D., et al.
The Real Vitamin & Mineral Book; Shari Lieberman, Ph.D., C.N.S., F.A.C.N., et al.
Campbell, Meg. "Shellfish & Zinc." Healthy Eating | SF Gate, http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/shellfish-zinc-6705.html. 21 November 2018.
Campbell, Meg. (2018, November 21). Shellfish & Zinc. Healthy Eating | SF Gate. Retrieved from http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/shellfish-zinc-6705.html
Campbell, Meg. "Shellfish & Zinc" last modified November 21, 2018. http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/shellfish-zinc-6705.html
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