text:
The People of Wisconsin Chained by One Party Rule–Denied Representative Government
thomassobottke
The once proud State of Wisconsin, with its bi-partisan progressive roots, and with a reputation for doing the right thing and leading on legislation that benefitted all no longer exists. On 5 January 2011 that all changed. It is a dangerous thing to concentrate political power in one faction. That is true whether it is Republicans or Democrats who control all branches of State Government. With such power comes a great deal of responsibility for employing that power wisely and with justice for all.
The sight of Wisconsin Senate President Mike Ellis pounding and breaking his gavel at a Democrat trying to continue debate, and a woman who had merely duct taped her mouth in the gallery of the Wisconsin Assembly to indicate how women were being silenced as three anti-abortion bills breezed through both houses of the Wisconsin legislature with almost no debate, then that woman being cuffed, arrested and removed from the people's house bear witness to the end of proper government in the State of Wisconsin.
Since Governor Scott Walker announced the immediate introduction of a bill that would all but eliminate collective bargaining for State, Municipal, and education employees when that was not even on the incoming Governor's agenda, and to see the doors of the State legislature closed and locked after the Republican leadership gave less than the 24 hour proper notice of the debate and vote on the bill it was clear that this group of lawmakers had no respect for the Constitution of the State of Wisconsin, nor a decent respect for fully representative democratic government either.
The title's use of "Rule" instead of govern is deliberate. For what Wisconsin Republicans are doing yet again this summer is to eliminate the voice of those people in the State who happened to have voted for a representative of the other party.
The Wisconsin State budget received almost no public debate this spring as that was being done behind closed doors—doors closed to Democrats who might want to get their input into what was being done in the name of the people they represent; people who voted that they would be represented by these people. One Democrat thew up his hands and admitted "we're not even in the loop." The other party was busy legislating behind closed doors without them.
A massive Voter ID bill that would also change election rules more dramatically than any other yet introduced in the State's history received the minimum 24 hour notice and with barely an hour or two of committee work. Part of that was de-railed but that is to be re-introduced soon.
When there is no countervailing power to stop a political party from doing any damn thing they want, the temptation to do just that is great. The Republican Party of Wisconsin has succumbed to that temptation. And it is not as if there are no Democrats in the State. Statewide in November of 2012 Democrats polled 200,000 more total votes than the total votes for Republican candidates. But the Gerrymandering of Senate and Assembly districts have ghettoized State Democrats and their supporters, and trapped others in seas of Republicans. That too is an affront to democracy.
This is not proper legislating. As is their national parent the U.S. Congress, both houses of the Wisconsin Legislature are to be deliberative bodies. That is they examine proposed legislation in committee and give ample opportunity for those concerned with it among the public to comment. Then when approved by committee the legislation moves to the floor of each house for debate. But when Mike Ellis allowed only a few minutes for debate how were those who were opposed to the legislation or who even merely wished to speak to an amendment to give voice to those things?
Naturally, when a roll call vote was called for by the President of the Wisconsin Senate anyone who wished to continue debate long enough to even question legislation that would vitally affect women's health and dignity, to say nothing of reproductive choice in commanding their own bodies were shut out.
Even if you favor all the legislation proposed and acted on by Republicans this year, you can't give high marks for the manner in which the legislating is being done. The most wise and well-drawn bills deserve full examination in committee after notification that is not the State minimum 24 hours but a week or ten days to allow everyone to look over the bill and for citizens to know about and to think about a given bill that may affect them.
The oddest thing about Ellis' behavior in the Senate the other day is that they had the votes. There would be no harm in letting debate continue for a few hours to at least permit last minute appeals by the minority party. Perhaps once in a while a majority party representative might be persuaded to change that vote or offer an amendment that makes it a better bill. But that too is done behind closed doors among Republicans only.
This sounds like policy wonk stuff to most people but they'd be mistaken. What has happened in Wisconsin is that the minority party has little more than notification of bills pending in the legislature and then quick votes where their voices are silenced and where it takes shouting down the opposition's honest wish to talk about a law for a bit, breaking a gavel, and arresting and removing anyone who does not agree with proposed legislation from witnessing in the open what their government is doing.
Struggles for Justice suggests that if this is how it is to be from now on the Democrats should meet in some Madison Hotel and issue press statements rather than waste their time trying to do their jobs in the Statehouse. They will be more effecitve as advocates fullly free to speak. The majority Republican Party will no longer let them do so on the floor of either legislative house.
This editorial should disturb anyone who reads it providing they support democracy in a republican (small r) form of government. We would be writing word for word the very same thing if it were Democrats who were doing this.
The State of Wisconsin is being transformed radically from what it was only a couple of years ago. This is undoubtedly welcome news to Republican conservatives but what if the legislative shoes were on the other foot? How would they feel if the Governor's Budget was based openly on Socialist principles and State businesses were being taxed to death and taken over one after the other by the State?
What if half of us in this State who happen to be liberal Democrats want full representation and proper consideration of legislation in committee and debate where representatives of both parties must interact and the public has a proper amount of time to consider what those they elected are doing or being prevented from doing in their name. The Senior member of the entire Wisconsin legislature, Democrat Fred Risser told a reporter he has seen and been a part of both majority and minority status in his half century serving the people of Wisconsin and has not until now experienced anything like this.
This is not democracy. This is tyranny. It is the worst sort of despotic rule. Worst of all the entire people of the State of Wisconsin are not getting what they voted for. How can we say that? It is simple. All those who serve our State must respect our Constitution and at least one party is not doing so. And the way laws are being made is worse than that of like sausage as German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck once remarked.
The Wisconsin legislature is NOT giving proper deliberation to the massive changes it is making to the political and economic and human rights landscape of our State. They are NOT interacting with members of the opposing party as they should. They are NOT giving due time and opportunity for members of the public—the citizen to weigh in on the legislation they are bringing up and passing.
It ends up being bad government no matter what party is to blame or who is right. We are all diminished and shortchanged no matter what our political views may be. No, this is not democracy. It truly is the despotism of faction.
Struggles for Justice asks how long the people of Wisconsin are going to put up with this style and manner of governing. It so disrespects citizens that it ought to make you sick. It ought to make you mad. It ought to make you ready for civil disobedience until this ends. For in a democracy we are governed and not ruled by power mad people who disregard the interests of such a large share of the public.
This entry was posted in Community and Citizen Action, Essays, National Affairs and tagged bear witness, decent respect, wisconsin assembly, wisconsin senate, wisconsin state budget. Bookmark the permalink.


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See Hairy Celebrity Slips: Armpits, Legs, Guess Who?
Whose Very Hairy Armpits Are These?
This is much more than a little stubble. There's very much overgrown hair here that probably took a couple weeks to grow out to this length. So which celebrity wasn't trying to hide these unshaven armpits, but rather show them off?
It's none other than Julia Roberts' armpit hair, confidently waving at the premiere of "Notting Hill." Maybe she was making some kind of statement. But wow, you can see those underarms a mile away.
Don't let this happen to you. Read more about hair removal methods you can perform at home on your underarms, and how to permanently reduce the amount of hair.
You'd never guess this amazingly beautiful woman would be sporting hairy armpits and deodorant balls. I understand celebrities run busy lives, but shaving is quick and I know she has the money for the best deodorant around.
I knew you'd be surprised! It's Beyonce Knowles at the of premiere of "Cadillac Records." Good thing from far away it's not that noticeable.
Underarm hair grows fast, so it can look long a day after shaving. Waxing and sugaring can give you smooth skin for weeks at a time. Because of the location, you should go to the pros for these underarm hair-ridding methods.
Celebrity Oops: Who Forgot To Shave Their Legs?
Okay, this one doesn't scream hairy, but with the light on you can see it against the shadow. Who is it?
It's Ms. Lindsay Lohan at Pure Nightclub inside the Caesar Palace Hotel. Good thing she naturally has light hair, so from afar it's not noticeable. I wonder if she forgot to shave a spot or just altogether.
Light body hair has its advantages for not jumping out at you. But dark hair can be permanently reduced at home with a laser or IPL device.
Whose Hairy Legs Are These?
This hairy celebrity couldn't have happened by accident. Someone purposely came to an Awards show with very hairy legs, who is it?
It's actress MoNique at the 40th annual NAACP Image Awards, pictured on the left.
I know the chore of shaving can get old. Rather than just pulling out a razor for short-lived results you can wax your legs at home, which can last up to six weeks.
This one you can see the hair against the back light while she's performing. Who do you think this woman is? HINT: She's a Canadian-born singer.
It's Celine Dion's hairy legs performing at the Tokyo Dome in Tokyo, Japan. Her hair must not be dark because you can only see it against the light.
Want more? Celebrities get their eyebrows shaped.
When is it Common for Men to Shave Their Legs?
Should Men Shave Their Legs?


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Is It Time for You to Own a Backlit Mirror for your Bathroom?
Backlit mirrors are one of the most popular mirror types for homeowners who want a more modern and contemporary bathroom. It is also the common choice for those who want a sleek space while having the functionality of two important components of a bathroom: lighting and mirrors.
Some people don't like the idea of hanging lights directly over the mirror in their bathroom—it's a necessity, but can be an eyesore most of the time. Also, they can take up valuable head space in a bathroom with low ceilings.
The subtle lights from the mirrors outlines can make the mirror stand out and come off the wall, creating a layer of depth, but still enough to let people use it for makeup, hairstyling, and other essential activities inside the room. At the same time, the lights behind the mirror give it depth, another dimension which makes the bathroom become more interesting and beautiful. Because backlit mirrors are often powered by LED lights rather than incandescent ones, they use much less energy and last longer than ordinary light bulbs would.
Many backlit mirrors are designed with a modern touch and are therefore much thinner than other styles of mirrors. Contrary to those thicker, bulkier, and cluttered mirrors, this type is more compact, which means more space and the thinness can allow a much larger mirror without eating more space. Not only it can accommodate two persons at a time, but it can also create an illusion of a larger room, thanks to the mirror's ability to trick your mind.
Your bathroom needs a new focal point.
If you're looking to add some style to your bathroom, a backlit mirror can be an easy way to do so. No one can deny that the aesthetic of this mirror screams sleek and modern. If you are looking for a simple way to catch the eye of your guests, decorate your bathroom without trying too hard, or have a functional one too, this is the best option for you.
Because bathrooms are oftentimes not strategically located inside the house, the lighting situation in this room maybe a little harder to weigh compared to the other rooms. However, it would be weird and a waste of resources to install a lot of light source inside it.
The LED lighting used in backlit mirrors are available with warm or cool color temperatures to complement your complexion, but it's also high quality to give you a pure, flawless, and widespread glow. This can be particularly beneficial for those who use their bathroom mirrors when applying their make up, going away from those yellow lighting produced by traditional incandescent bulbs, or avoid whitewashing by fluorescent lighting.
Speaking of quality lighting, using regular lighting fixtures in your bathroom can often create shadows on your face and make it difficult to see yourself fully illuminated. When parts of your face aren't entirely visible, it can make shaving or applying makeup more difficult. A backlit mirror, however, provides full illumination and highlights your entire face with clear, even light.
Your utility bills are soaring.
Since this type of mirror uses LED lighting, which is best known for its energy-saving features, you can save more by spending less on your monthly utility bills. Moreover, you can avoid the frequent change of light bulbs, since traditional light bulbs consume a lot of electricity and only have a lifespan of around 1,200 hours. Backlit mirrors, however, use LED lighting, which uses much less electricity and last around 40,000 hours. You can also help reduce the environmental wastes electricity produces, by contributing less of your carbon footprint.


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text:
Bulgaria – Big Boom in Ski Resorts
Since the return of democracy to Bulgaria in 1989, one of the most significant developments has been in the sphere of tourism and, parallel to it, a rapidly growing interest in realizing hitherto unsuspected possibilities for foreign investments in real estate. The length of the Black Sea coastline, well-known in the 1960s and 1970s as the holiday playground of Bulgarians and the citizens of other Soviet bloc countries, has undergone a massive transformation into one of the most attractive talked-about destinations for European tourists. It has been characterized enthusiastically as a second Costa Brava.
Many visitors, after their first unforgettable vacation, came back, this time looking to invest in new seaside apartments built off-plan in astoundingly beautiful new property developments at incredibly low prices. Add to this the accession of Bulgaria as a full EU member state in 2007 and you understand immediately that the prospects are unusually attractive. The renaissance in summer tourism on the Black Sea coast is complimented by the discovery by winter sports lovers of the excellent facilities and almost unexploited possibilities of Bulgarian ski-resorts. Already prominent on the European – and even global! -Ski-lovers list are resorts like Bansko, Borovets and Pamporovo. Sofia, the elegant capital of the Bulgarian Republic, is minutes away from the densely forested slopes of Mount Vitosha, the pride and recreation ground of the local inhabitants. In the last 10 years, the national capital has been transformed into an international business centre with a cosmopolitan character.
All this in turn has created the hugely increased interest of European and especially British and Irish, investors in a number of highly attractive new, "off-plan" Property developments, particularly in these hitherto unknown Bulgarian resorts, whose potential is just now being truly appreciated.
Bansko, about 160 km south of Sofia and 250km from the Northern Greek metropolis of Thessaloniki, has been called the Gateway to the Pirin Mountains. In fact, the entire region has been designated the Pirin National Park. The pretty and historic market town of Bansko, a notable centre of regional commerce from the 18th and 19th centuries, forms the vibrant heart of this new resort with global ambitions. Now you can see, side by side, historic monuments and new 5-star hotels, attractive traditional residences and state-of-the-art property developments. The variety of clubs and pubs and places of entertainment for all tastes will impress vacationers. Bansko, furthermore, is a major venue, in the strong Bulgarian bid for the Winter Olympic Games in 2014, together with the capital Sofia and the other two leading Bulgarian ski-resorts, Borovets and Pamporovo. Borovets is the oldest winter resort, founded by Bulgarian Tsar Ferdinand in 1896 and is closer to Sofia, near Samokov, to the north of the Rila mountains. Pamporovo is a modern purpose-built ski-resort in the Western Rhodope mountain range, where they are getting everything ready for a unique sports experience. Bulgarians are hoping it will impress the world skiing community with the high standards of sports and tourist installations. The conditions for skiing are among the best in the Balkans. 17 ski-tracks with a total length of 65km cater for skiers and snowboarders of every level of skill, from basic beginners to the very advanced. The Gondola ski-lift terminal is opposite the 5-star Kempinski Hotel. By 2006, to cater for the increasingly high expectations of affluent winter-sports lovers, more than 6000 apartments are being built in new construction meeting the highest international standards. Each of the developments has its own characteristic name, indicative of the way local Bulgarian architectural tradition is married with modern developments, where attention has been given to detail. Beyond any doubt, the special attraction of these properties in Bansko is the low cost, matched by equally high quality.
In addition, Bansko has an excellent 18-hole Golf Course and the route infrastructure in the area has been significantly upgraded to enhance access to the other tourist attractions of the surrounding region. Discussions are underway at Government level for the construction of an airport, capable of accommodating international flights.
Pamporovo opens up like an Alpine resort, along the scenic valley route from Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second city, to Smolyan and the newly-opened border point with Northern Greece. In the shadow of Mount Snezhanka (1926 metres), it is Europe's southernmost ski-resort, with sunshine for at least three quarters of the year, but also very agreeable temperatures, guaranteeing ideal skiing conditions for the duration of the season from December to April. Created around three main skiing areas, with 25 designated slopes, Pamporovo is the perfect choice for the winter sports enthusiast, whatever may be his or her degree of proficiency. There are also experienced instructors to guide learners and children.
During the summer season, Pamporovo becomes the ideal base for mountain-walking and environmental tourism. It's a year-round centre for healthy, energetic relaxation. Several brand new 5-star hotels assure top-notch accommodations, quality entertainment and excellent nightlife, but also provide gym, swimming and sauna facilities. In addition, there are a wide variety of well-stocked shops and restaurants, each with their own particular variant of attractive dcor and local traditional cuisine, as well as Irish pubs and bars, with their warm, convivial atmosphere. Pamporovo is uniquely designed to give everyone a chance of experiencing class and quality, at truly affordable prices.
Submitted by: Michael Russell
« Rural Tourism In Bulgaria – The Hidden Treasures Real Estate Property Investment Series – Focus Bulgaria 2007 »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I've had a nlite client for the Mac for a couple of years, but I'd never packaged it up and released it (because I know nothing about packaging Mac apps). I was using it over the weekend and thought I really should try to make it available.
To use it, just open the dmg file, and click on the nlite executable. With any luck you should see the familiar NextPVR interface a few seconds later.
Gave it a go, got "no mountable file systems" when double clicking the dmg. I'm not a Mac expert, so may be operator error. Dunno.
Thanks for the giving it a go - not really sure why you'd get that message. I did a quick google on possible causes, but it's not really any clearer. We'll see if others encounter the same error.
I might need to do a bit more reading on how to package up Mac apps.
Thanks for giving it a go. Can you try http://nextpvr.com/nlite.dmg again? I've updated it to include the SDL framework in it.
Or it might be an app store issue?
I also tried the command line hdiutil, but got the same error.
Last edited by mikeh49; 2018-05-30 at 02:57 AM.
I'm seeing the same error on a 10.13.3 macbook.
If anyone wants to have a go at getting this working (and can open the dmg) let me know. I am very new to a Mac but I can see some issues that I think I can work around.
I can give it a try but not sure what you mean by open the dmg. I just tried again and got the "no mountable file systems" error. I'm Mac ignorant, so not familiar with the terminology. dmg = disk image? Can be mounted as a separate (from the installing system) file system? Can be unpacked like a Windows install file?
I might be of no help.
BTW, El Capitan 10.11.6. Too old?


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Welcome to the Royal Danish Consulate in Omaha, Nebraska.
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Nebraska, at 3.1 percent, is second after Utah (6.5 percent) in terms of percentage of Danish population within the total state population. Iowa is 5th with 2.3 percent.


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text:
Home >> Listings Directory >> san_jose >>
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2433 Tammey Ct, SAN JOSE, CA, 95116
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2436 Strohmeyer Court, SAN JOSE, CA, 95116
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We meet from 7-9PM every 2nd and 4th Wednesday, at Homefront Church.
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text:
Q: Power BI - DAX query to remove duplicated rows in SUM calculation
My scenario is this:  SalesValue have been entered for multiple sessions namely Lunch, Breakfast, dinner which is grouped by SessionKey in numbers. The same SalesValue repeats at times for 2 or more sessions for a given production plan date, based on MenuKey, RawMaterialKey and IngSFKey.
I need to use DAX query in Power BI to remove duplicated SalesValue based on ProductionPlanDate and SessionKey for a particular MenuKey in a given date.
I have attached the screenshot of a sample value range of SalesValue containing duplicate values for the same date across different sessions for your reference. For example, rows 7 and 14 have the same ProductionPlanDate, SessionKey, MenuKey, and SalesValue.

A: So you have a table with one "Grain" and you want to change the "Grain" by using a subset of the columns. Specifically you want only rows with distinct columns ProductionPlanDate, SessionKey, MenuKey and SalesValue
To do this in a DAX query you would use
evaluate
summarize
( 'table name'
, 'table name'[ProductionPlanDate]
, 'table name'[SessionKey]
, 'table name'[MenuKey]
, 'table name'[SalesValue]
)

You could provide this to create a calculated table or provide it to each measure that needs to work with this coarser grained data set.
However as it seems you are in Power BI the more appropriate place to do this would be to create your coarser grained table using Power Query (via the Edit Queries section of Power BI).
This is better than doing it in DAX as DAX is more tuned to analytics where Power Query is tuned to data transformation - and you want to do data transformation.
You can either keep the table that you have now alongside the new modified or replace it accordingly.

*

*option A will just change your incoming table to have the new coarse grain.

*option B will keep your original table and have the new grained table alongside it. Note that this will mean any Power BI visuals that you have created will need to be "rewired" to use the new table.

To do the transform in Power Query, the steps for both options are

*

*Go to the Edit Queries area on PowerBI

*Select the columns that you want to create the new Grain (i.e. ProductionPlanDate, SessionKey, MenuKey and SalesValue) by holding ctrl and clicking the column headers of each column in turn.

*Right click on the column header for one of the selected columns and select "Remove Duplicates"

If you want option B, simply first copy the existing table by using "Reference" then do the same thing as follows:

*

*Find your existing table on the left Queries section, r-click and click Reference

*Rename the new table something appropriate

*Apply the transform steps to the new table as above

*Click Close & Apply and rewire any existing visuals that you need to use the new table

*If you find you don't need your old table you can R-click on it in Power Query again and uncheck "Enable Load" so that PowerBI will not see it anymore.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Yorkies are the Yorkshire Cricket Foundation's Major Match Day Support Team, who help out on major matches and events across the season at both Headingley and Scarborough Cricket Ground.
As it's National Volunteers week, we would like to share with you the background of some of our wonderful Yorkies.
Occupation: I am a retired Health Safety adviser and lifelong cricket fan, principally Yorkshire CCC.
About David: I am a member of YCCC along with my wife Margaret and daughter Julie, and I am a Yorkie volunteer. I became a Yorkie to help the club through providing a friendly face-I think so(!)-and help and advice to visitors to Headingley for cricket matches.
Sum up the Yorkie experience in three words: Rewarding , fulfilling, exciting.
Favourite Cricket Player? My favourite cricket player is Jonny Bairstow.
Interested in joining the Yorkie Team?


India defeated South Africa by 35 runs at the MA Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai to level the One Day International (ODI) series 2-2. Virat Kohli delivered the match winning performance he is known for at a time when Team India needed it most. It was a must win game for the Men in Blue if they had to stay in the series and Virat's magnificent 138 helped India put a formidable total of 299 for 8 on a slow pitch that seemed to assist bowlers.
Kohli got good support from Ajinkya Rahane (45) and Suresh Raina (53) after India lost both its openers early (India were 35 for 2 at one stage). It resulted in two crucial partnerships between Kohli and Rahane (104 runs) and Kohli and Raina (127 runs). India were headed for an even bigger total in excess of 300 but were squeezed towards the end as South African seamers claimed 4 for 29 in the final five overs.
AB de Villiers led South Africa's chase and scored a century but Indian spinners made sure that the visitors remained short of their target of 300 runs. In the end, India won the match by 35 runs setting the stage for the decider at Mumbai's Wankhede Stadium on October 25.
India's spin troika of Harbhajan Singh (2 for 50), Axar Patel (1 for 40) and Amit Mishra (1 for 55) used the slow conditions to their benefit. Pace bowler Bhuvneshwar Kumar took 3 wickets including the crucial one of SA skipper AB de Villiers.
The Proteas captain was in no mood to give in as he hit the ball all round the wicket playing some innovative reverse sweep shots. His 112 came of just 107 balls with 10 boundaries and 2 sixes laced to it. It was only after de Villiers fell while playing a flat batted shot that skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni and his team could heave a sigh of relief.
The match also settled doubts, if any, about the Indian batting order especially the No 3 and No 5 positions. This time Dhoni did not promote himself above struggling Suresh Raina who scored back to back ducks in the last two matches. This gave the southpaw time at the crease and he delivered with a half century. Kohli too showed that he is most comfortable when batting at his usual Number 3 position.


Description: This water ride will put you in a 12 person raft for a white water adventure. On this ride you will get wet, it is just a matter of how soaked you will become. There is a water protected area in the middle of the raft for you to put your belongings, but it is not 100 percent safe! Things still may become damp. The ride take you through the rain forest and stresses the park theme of conservation. You will see how the logging industry is negatively effecting the ecology of the area. This is a great ride to do on a hot day, but it is also a very fun ride on a cooler day for those who don't care about a slight chill and will enjoy a ride on a main attraction with little to no wait!
Fastpass: Yes. If you arrive early in the day you should be easily be able to board this without Fastpass. As the day progresses getting a fastpass is advisable.
1. Take some time exploring the queue area. The attention to detail is astounding. If it is early in the morning you can walk at a leisurely pace through the line as you allow other guests to pass.
3. This ride is short and sweet lasting about 4 and a half minutes. It is also not very scary so it is good for most members of the family.
4. A good plan for touring Asia is to get a fastpass to Expedition Everest and then ride Kali River standby first thing in the morning. If you arrive at Rope Drop you can even ride both attractions twice with little wait!
This entry was posted in Animal Kingdom, Asia, Attraction Spotlight and tagged Animal Kingdom, Asia, expedition everest, Kali River Rapids, Water Ride. Bookmark the permalink.
← Take a Day Off…Boating at Disney!


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Former Detroit Lions RB allegedly exposes OL Graham Glasgow
Arnold Powell - January 11, 2020 0
I have made it very clear that I believe one of Bob Quinn's biggest mistakes as Detroit Lions GM, and there have been plenty,...
Detroit Lions hire special teams coordinator for 2020
Don Drysdale - January 11, 2020 0
According to the Detroit Lions, they have hired Brayden Coombs to be their special teams coordinator for the upcoming season. https://twitter.com/Lions/status/1216027085707403265 From Detroit Lions: Coombs comes to...
Report: Detroit Lions to coach former Michigan QB Shea Patterson
Thanks to the Detroit Lions 3-12-1 record in 2019, it has been announced that their coaching staff has been selected to coach in the...
Detroit Lions were in top 10 teams in "salary lost" thanks to injuries
Michael Whitaker - January 11, 2020 0
Talk about plenty of money going to waste. The Detroit Lions had more than their fair share of injuries this season, most notably to quarterback...
Top 5 Detroit Lions offensive players of all-time
The Detroit Lions have had a long-running history of prolific offensive players. When the Lions do have a great offense, it is a very...
Detroit Tigers avoid arbitration and sign Matthew Boyd, JaCoby Jones, two others
The Detroit Tigers were able to re-sign pitcher Michael Fulmer last week, and they've done the same with several more members of the team...
Miggy Being Miggy: 10 of our favorite Miguel Cabrera Moments
Nobody loves a good laugh more than Detroit Tigers first baseman Miguel Cabrera. It is often said that Cabrera is just a big kid...
4 Reasons why it's great to be a Detroit Tigers fan
Detroit fans, in my opinion, are the greatest sports fans in the world. The passion and knowledge that they have for all of their...
5 Songs that will get you pumped for Detroit Sports
Music and sports go hand in hand. Sometimes, you happen to find a jam that sends chills down your spine and leaves you with...
4 professional Detroit sports teams break all-time record in 2019
For those of us who live and die with the Detroit Lions, Detroit Tigers, Detroit Red Wings, and Detroit Pistons, 2019 was an extremely...
Former Detroit Pistons coach Rick Carlisle jaws with LeBron James
Former Detroit Pistons bench boss Rick Carlisle didn't mind making himself heard against the NBA's arguably top player. The current Dallas Mavericks head coach was...
New Eastern Conference team emerges in Andre Drummond sweepstakes
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Pistons apply for disabled player exception worth $9 million following Blake Griffin surgery
Detroit Pistons All-Star forward Blake Griffin's season could very well be over after undergoing an arthroscopic debridement of his left knee. He was forced...
Pistons give up 13 point lead, lose to the Cavaliers in overtime thriller
The Detroit Pistons (14-25) couldn't get it done tonight, losing to the Cleveland Cavaliers (11-27) 115-112 in overtime. The Pistons were in control for...
Dylan Larkin now has 6th most points in Red Wings history for players 23 or younger
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Former Red Wings goalie Chris Osgood joins drum line
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ListsU of M News
2019 Michigan Football: Every game predicted
By Don Drysdale
Detroit Lions NewsArnold Powell - January 11, 2020 0
I have made it very clear that I believe one of Bob Quinn's biggest mistakes as Detroit Lions GM,...
Detroit Red Wings NewsMichael Whitaker - January 11, 2020 0
Detroit Red Wings forward Dylan Larkin has endeared himself to Red Wings fans from Day 1. The Waterford, Mich....
Detroit Lions NewsDon Drysdale - January 11, 2020 0
According to the Detroit Lions, they have hired Brayden Coombs to be their special teams coordinator for the upcoming...
I am a fan of all Detroit sports and LOVE to write about them!
[tps_header]Michigan Football 2019 Game-By-Game Predictions[/tps_header]
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2018 was an interesting season for the University of Michigan. It all started off with a road loss to eventual College Football Playoff semifinalist Notre Dame, followed by 10-straight victories to get back into CFP contention, only to end abruptly with a devastating loss in Columbus against Ohio State. The Wolverines ended up getting selected to play in the Peach Bowl against Florida, where they were once again embarrassed. Overall, Michigan finished the season 10-3, which left many fans questioning the future of the program under head coach Jim Harbaugh.
Since then, Harbaugh has brought in a top 10 recruiting class and has poached three of the best assistant coaches in the nation.
So, what does that mean for 2019? Will it be another season without beating their biggest rival or can Harbaugh finally get Michigan over the hump?
How do you think the Wolverines will finish in 2019?
Shea Patterson
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To indicate one's unwilling and despairing submission to or acceptance of something. We threw up our hands in despair after they told us that our appointment had been rescheduled again for a third time. All you can do is throw your arms up in despair at the way the government is being run these days.
throw up your hands/arms in deˈspair, ˈhorror, etc.
(often humorous) show that you disagree strongly with something, or are very worried about something: When she said she wanted to get a motorbike, her parents threw up their hands in horror.


Chp. 25 verses 1 - 5: The laws of Shimttah and their connection to Mt. Sinai.
Chp. 25 verses 5 - 12: Conclusion of the laws of Shemittah. Begins with the laws of the Yovel, the Jubilee year.
Chp 25 verses 13 - 21: Continuing with laws and description of the Jubilee year.
Chp. 25 verses 22 - 31: finishes the topic of Yovel with regards to a field and continues with the sale of a house in both a walled and unwalled cily.
Chp. 25 verses 32 - 38: begins with the laws of the houses and land owned by a levite as ancestral property. Continues with the mitzvah to give charity and not to charge interest.
Chp.25 verses 39 - 55 Chp, 26 verses 1 & 2: Begins with helping your brother. Continues with your brother selling himself to you as a slave, and your responsibilities. The laws of a Jew who sells himself to a resident Gentile. The portion finishes with the command to keep the Shabbos and revere the Temple.
Chp. 25 verses 1 - 17: Introduction, the laws of the Sabbatical and Jubilee years.
Chp. 25 verses 17 - 38: Continues with the laws of the Sabbatical year. The laws of a hereditary field. The laws of a hereditary house in a walled and open city. The prohibition of taking interest.


Updates Are Not Always Good News For The Android Devices. Usually Each Update With New Features To Make Mistakes And Unforeseen Bugs. It'S 2014 Flagship Killer, Oneplus Unfortunately True For One. He Recently Got His Own Problems Updates 12.1ve Cyanogen. Build Version Is Available To Be Yog4pas1no.
Find Your Settings. Go To, Mobile Network. Now Tap To, Restore Defaults. The List Should Show You Apn'S. Choose The Correct Apn.
Now Go To Settings, Then Mobile Networks And Tap, Network Operators, And Then Click Choose Automatically.
Toggle Airplane Mode On And Off. Ensure That You Are Connected Wifi.
Go To Phone Dialer, And Dial *#*#4636#*#* To Choose Phone Information.
Restart The Phone Radio And Go To The Smsc And Click Refresh And Tap, Update.
After These Steps You Should Have Your Lte Functionality Back In Order. If It Still Doesn'T Work Out Head Down To Other Fix Mentioned Below.
If Your Compass Is Not Working Or Showing You Incorrect Readings, You Have To Calibrate Your Compass By Rotating As Per The Instructions.
Quick Toggles If Missing When Enabled, You Just Have To Re-Add The Quick Toggles.
Sometimes Even With Data Signal And Correct Apn Setting You Just Get Emergency Calls As An Option In Quick Toggles, To Correct This, Go To Settings. Tap Mobile Networks, And Then Mobile Operators. Now Make Sure You Are Connected By Wi-Fi. Now Opt For, Automatic.


Cremation is the exposure of human remains to high temperatures ranging from 1400 F to 1800 F, which converts the remains to about three to seven pounds of the most basic elements and small fragments of bone.
Why is cremation sometimes preferred?
If the loved ones of the deceased do not want to draw out the preparation process, cremation may be the best option. Cremation can be completed within one to three hours. It does not require the body to be embalmed, cosmetically prepared or specially dressed.
The ashes of the deceased may be kept in an urn and placed with a loved one. The remains can reside in the home close to those who loved the deceased. However, the laws governing the disposal of a human body will not permit an embalmed body to remain in the possession of the family.
If the deceased died in a manner that caused his or her body to be mangled or damaged, an open casket funeral may not be a suitable option. Cremation prepares the body and allows the loved ones to remember the deceased as the person was in life.
If the deceased person desired that his or her remains be scattered at a particular site, cremation is the best option. Ashes can be scattered at national parks or other favorite outdoor sites.
Why is cremation less expensive?
Cremation does not include the cost of embalming the body, purchasing a casket or even buying a burial plot. In addition, a tombstone is not required.
Does Cremation hamper the memorial service?
The memorial service of the deceased is based on the life of the person. The celebration is not dependent on the presentation of a body. Instead, cremation allows those in attendance to focus on the joyful moments experienced with the deceased. Instead of looking at an embalmed body, large life-filled pictures of the deceased can be displayed.
If you are planning the funeral preparations of a loved one and are considering cremation, schedule a consultation with a funeral home in your area. Contact a business, such as the Corleto-Latina Funeral Home, for more information.


We demonstrate the use of existing observations from the CASSINI spacecraft to be used for studies of stellar targets. The stellar lightcurve produced as hard edges within the rings pass across the field of view produces a stellar occultation not unlike lunar occultations. These events are observed with an on-board spectrograph, providing coverage of the near infrared from 1 to 5 microns. Here we demonstrate how the technique can be used to make spatially resolved measurements of stellar structure and test these measurements against independently published angular sizes. We also show how this technique can be extended into mapping of complex circum stellar structure and identify molecular layers in the atmosphere of Omicron Ceti, an evolved star. Finally we demonstrate how several events can be combined tomographically to reconstruct high resolution images of stellar targets.
VAMPIRES is a high-angular resolution imager developed to directly image planet-forming circumstellar disks, and the signatures of forming planets that lie within. The instrument leverages aperture masking interferometry - providing diffraction-limited imaging despite seeing - in combination with fast-switching differential polarimetry to directly image structure in the inner-most regions of protoplanetary systems. VAMPIRES will use starlight scattered by dust in such systems to precisely map the disk, gaps, knots and waves that are key to understanding disk evolution and planet formation. It also promises to image the dusty circumstellar environments of AGB stars. This instrument perfectly compliments coronagraphic observations in the near-IR, and can operate simultaneously with a coronagraph, as part of the SCExAO extreme-AO system at the Subaru telescope. In this paper the design of the instrument will be presented, along with an explanation of the unique data analysis process and the results of the first on-sky tests.
Here we demonstrate a new generation of photonic pupil-remapping devices which build upon the interferometric framework developed for the Dragonfly instrument: a high contrast waveguide-based device which recovers robust complex visibility observables. New generation Dragonfly devices overcome problems caused by interference from unguided light and low throughput, promising unprecedented on-sky performance. Closure phase measurement scatter of only ~0.2° has been achieved, with waveguide throughputs of > 70%. This translates to a maximum contrast-ratio sensitivity (between the host star and its orbiting planet) at 1λ /D (1σ detection) of 5.3×10−4 (when a conventional adaptive-optics (AO) system is used) or 1.8×10−4 (for typical 'extreme-AO' performance), improving even further when random error is minimised by averaging over multiple exposures. This is an order of magnitude beyond conventional pupil-segmenting interferometry techniques (such as aperture masking), allowing a previously inaccessible part of the star to planet contrast-separation parameter space to be explored.
High contrast imaging techniques such as aperture masking interferometry allow for the detection of faint companions such as substellar companions by utilizing light from the planet itself. This allows access to study a larger population of planetary companions as compared to the transit technique where only systems viewed edge on can be studied, for example. However, aperture masking has several shortcomings including, low throughputs, limited Fourier coverage, and leakage of residual atmospheric noise due to phase corrugations across each sub-apertures. These limitations can be overcome by remapping the pupil with single-mode waveguides. We present an integrated pupil remapping interferometer, known as Dragonfly, that aims to do just that. We discuss the progress we have made over the past year in developing a stable and robust instrument and elucidate challenges and the innovative solutions that were applied. Finally we discuss improvements to the instrument that will enable future scientific endeavors and outline the expected performance limitations.
Aperture-masking interferometry allows diffraction-limited images to be recovered despite the turbulent atmo sphere. Here, this approach has been combined with polarimetry to form a novel technique allowing the dusty environments of mass-losing stars (so-called AGB stars) and proto-planetary and debris disks to be imaged, the characterisation of which is key to understanding the recycling of matter and the formation of new planetary systems. Polarimetric aperture-masking interferometry produces images by exploiting the fact that starlight scattered by circumstellar dust becomes strongly polarised. Essentially, aperture-masking allows access to the small spatial scales (rv1Omas) necessary while polarimetry allows light from the dust and star to be differentiated. Furthermore, measurements at multiple wavelengths allow dust grain sizes to be calculated using Mie scattering theory. Excellent results have already been obtained at near-IR wavelengths using the NACO instrument at the VLT. The next step is to leverage the higher spatial resolution and polarisation signal found in the visible, rather than near-IR. To this end, a new instrument allowing precision polarimetric aperture masking interferometry at 600-800nm is being developed for an 8m class telescope, details of which will also be presented.
The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system is an instrument designed to be inserted between the Subaru AO188 system and the infrared HiCIAO camera in order to greatly improve the contrast in the very close (less than 0.5") neighbourhood of stars.Next to the infrared coronagraphic path, a visible scientific path, based on a EMCCD camera, has been implemented. Benefiting from both AO correction and new data processing techniques, it is a powerful tool for high angular resolution imaging and opens numerous new science opportunities. A factor 2 to 3 in Strehl ratio is obtained compared to the AO long exposure time: up to 25% Strehl in the 650nm wavelength, depending on the image processing algorithm used and the seeing conditions. The system is able to deliver diffraction limited images at 650 nm (17 mas FWHM). Our baseline image processing algorithm is based on the selection of the best signal for each spatial frequency. We demonstrate that this approach offers significantly better results than the classical select, shift and add approach (lucky imaging).
In 2009 our group started the integration of the SCExAO project, a highly flexible, open platform for high contrast imaging at the highest angular resolution, inserted between the coronagraphic imaging camera HiCIAO and the 188-actuator AO system of Subaru. In its first version, SCExAO combines a MEMS-based wavefront control system feeding a high performance PIAA-based coronagraph. It also includes a coronagraphic low-order wavefront sensor, a non-redundant aperture mask and a visible imaging mode, all of them designed to take full advantage of the angular resolution that an 8-meter telescope has to offer. SCExAO is currently undergoing commissioning, and this paper presents the first on-sky results acquired in August 2011, using together Subaru's AO system, SCExAO and HiCIAO.
Interest in pupil-remapping interferometry, in which a single telescope pupil is fragmented and recombined using fiber optic technologies, has been growing among a number of groups. As a logical extrapolation from several highly successful aperture masking programs underway worldwide, pupil remapping offers the advantage of spatial filtering (with single-mode fibers) and in principle can avoid the penalty of low throughput inherent to an aperture mask. However in practice, pupil remapping presents a number of difficult technological challenges including injection into the fibers, pathlength matching of the device, and stability and reproducibility of the results. Here we present new approaches based on recently-available photonic technologies in which coherent threedimensional waveguide structures can be sculpted into bulk substrate. These advances allow us to miniaturize the photonic processing into a single, robust, thermally stable element; ideal for demanding observatory or spacecraft environments. Ultimately, a wide range of optical functionality could be routinely fabricated into such structures, including beam combiners and dispersive or wavelength selective elements, bringing us closer to the vision of an interferometer on a chip.
The new operational mode of aperture masking interferometry has been added to the CONICA camera which lies downstream of the Adaptive Optics (AO) corrected focus provided by NAOS on the VLT-UT4 telescope. Masking has been shown to deliver superior PSF calibration, rejection of atmospheric noise and robust recovery of phase information through the use of closure phases. Over the resolution range from about half to several resolution elements, masking interferometry is presently unsurpassed in delivering high fidelity imaging and direct detection of faint companions. Here we present results from commissioning data using this powerful new operational mode, and discuss the utility for masking in a variety of scientific contexts. Of particular interest is the combination of the CONICA polarimetry capabilities together with SAM mode operation, which has revealed structures never seen before in the immediate circumstellar environments of dusty evolved stars.


North of SUJEWO, SOVIET UNION, 25 June 1944: On 23 June the first German counter-attack in the Army Group North positions known as the 'Panther Line' failed to regain all of the ground held by the enemy. Preparations immediately began to expand the ground won, until the Russians cold be forced out of their positions. The Germans began deploying forces to renew the attack in the northeast corner of an area known as 'The Balcony'. Before German reinforcements were organized, elements of the Russian 23rd Guards Rifle Division struck, hitting the 407th Regiment, dug in on the ridge line on the north flank. Caught without artillery preparations, the Germans were forced to fight it out with the weapons on hand. The two divisions facing one another were old foes. And the fight was to take place on familiar ground—these same hills had been fought for during the Soviet spring 1944 offensive. Following that clash the Germans narrowly emerged the winner. The current Russian assault quickly devolved into close-order fighting, as the Guardsmen mounted the ridge and started to dig the Germans out of their holes. The Russians soldiers repeatedly massed and assaulted German lines, coming from both the north and east. Somehow the defenders held off the Soviet waves. The Guardsmen soon fell back to lick their wounds and await their next orders. There would be no respite for the bloodied landsers.
The update to "Tigers to the Front" is here and includes new color die-cut counters, two additional scenarios, new art, the new layout, all errata input and the usual balance tweaks. What's more, instead of a 'no map' version for previous owners, everyone gets the map. The action brings you right into the turrets of the Pzkw VI Tigers of the 502 Schwere Panzer Abteilung, 94th Grenadier Regiment, and 1st Shock Army and other hard-fighting combat elements. You receive all the vehicles used in the scenarios in camo-colored editions, plus a new set of German MMC/SMC counters in new poses and uniforms—to provide a unique Eastern Front gaming experience. The set includes 12 scenarios, a Special Rules booklet, two sheet of color die-cut counters (296 counters in all), and an historical map of the Panther Line positions. Ownership of Beyond ValorTM is required but owners of the recent CH Berlin release "Final Days" will have all of the Gun and infantry counters needed to play the scenarios in a 'CH only' counter presentation using the counters provided in ASLComp Panther Line.


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NFL Finds No 'Specific Violations' In Questioning At Combine
Filed Under:Denard Robinson, Eric Schneiderman, Greg Aiello, Le'Veon Bell, NFL, NFL Combine, Nick Kasa, Roger Goodell, Terrell Suggs
NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell (credit: Jamie Squire/Getty Images) NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell (credit: Jamie Squire/Getty Images)
NEW YORK (CBSNewYork/AP) — The NFL found no "specific violations" in questions teams asked college players at February's scouting combine.
Colorado tight end Nick Kasa and other players said they were asked about their sexual orientation, but did not identify by which teams or what questions they asked. The NFL's investigation found no such improper questioning.
"Our review has not established any specific violations," NFL spokesman Greg Aiello said Thursday, "but we have made it clear to our clubs what is acceptable when interviewing potential players and other job candidates."
The issue was discussed at last month's owners meetings and Commissioner Roger Goodell said that if such questions were asked, "that's unacceptable."
"We will do things the right way," Goodell said then. "We will give them that education and that training. I hope that will solve the problem."
Michigan quarterback Denard Robinson and Michigan State running back Le'Veon Bell also said they were asked about their sexual orientation during an informal period at the combine when the players met with most of the 32 clubs.
Although no teams were found to have broken from league policies, the NFL would take action if it receives new information establishing a violation was committed.
Last month, New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman urged the league to investigate the alleged questioning, which he said would be illegal in New York. Discrimination based on sexual orientation is illegal in New York and in at least 23 other states where the NFL's 32 teams are based.
In February, Baltimore Ravens star Terrell Suggs told WFAN radio, "That's pretty much an inappropriate question to ask a kid."
"Some locker rooms are different, I only can speak for my own," Suggs said on the "Boomer & Carton" show. "No, I don't think (an openly gay player) would have a tough time in our locker room. We have a really laid-back, chill locker room, and we welcome everybody. We accept everybody for who they are."
Are you surprised the NFL didn't dig up any dirt? Sound off in the comments…
(TM and © Copyright 2013 CBS Radio Inc. and its relevant subsidiaries. CBS RADIO and EYE Logo TM and Copyright 2013 CBS Broadcasting Inc. Used under license. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)


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Phyton (Buenos Aires)
Phyton (B. Aires) vol.85 no.2 Vicente López dic. 2016
Antibacterial activity of avocado extracts (Persea americana Mill.) against Streptococcus agalactiae
Actividad antibacteriana de extractos de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) sobre Streptococcus agalactiae
Cardoso PF1, JA Scarpassa1, LG Pretto-Giordano2, ES Otaguiri3, SF Yamada-Ogatta3, G Nakazato3, MRE Perugini4, IC Moreira5, GT Vilas-BÔas1*
1 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina.
2 Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina.
3 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina.
4 Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina.
5 Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná- Campus Londrina, Brazil.
Address correspondence to: Gislayne Trindade Vilas-BÔas, e-mail: gvboas@uel.br
Received 17.X.2014.
Accepted 17.IV.2015.
Abstract. Plants contain numerous constituents and are valuable sources of new biologically active molecules. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is cultivated and used as food in most tropical and subtropical countries. Its high nutritional value and biological activities, as antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic properties, have been thoroughly investigated. Interest in plant extracts with antimicrobial properties has increased as a result of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, leading to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Among bacterial species with clinical importance to multiple hosts, Streptococcus agalactiae is outstanding, as it can cause infections especially in humans, fsh and cattle. Te current study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two extracts (ethanol and dichloromethane) from avocado seeds, 'Margarida' variety, against isolates of S. agalactiae. Extracts were diluted in ethanol / water (1:1) at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity was tested by the disk difusion method (antibiogram) against isolates of S. agalactiae of human and fsh origin.Te ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activity only for some isolates of S. agalactiae of human origin. Te dichloromethane extract showed activity against all isolates of S. agalactiae of both origins. A comparison of the results obtained with dichloromethane extract from isolates of S. agalactiae of human or fsh origin demonstrated the existence of phenotypic variability among isolates from the same host. However, when comparing measurements obtained in each of the groups, they were statistically similar, showing a lack of interpopulation variability. Tus, it can be verifed that the resistance profle of isolates of S. agalactiae was independent of host origin and typical of the species.
Keywords: Plant extracts; Disk difusion method.
Resumen. Las plantas contienen numerosos constituyentes y son fuentes ricas de nuevas moléculas biológicamente activas. El aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) es cultivado y utilizado como alimento en la mayoría de los países tropicales y subtropicales, ya que tiene alto valor nutricional, y sus actividades biológicas han sido muy investigadas, entre las cuales la actividad antioxidante, analgésica o antimicrobiana. El interés en extractos vegetales con propiedades antimicrobianas se ha intensifcado como consecuencia de la utilización indiscriminada de antibióticos, que llevó a la selección de cepas bacterianas resistentes. Entre las especies bacterianas de relevancia clínica para variados hospederos, se puede destacar la bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae, que puede causar infecciones, principalmente en humanos, peces y ganado. El objetivo de ese trabajo fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de dos extractos (etanólico y diclorometanico) de hueso de aguacate variedad margarita en relación a aislados de S. agalactiae. Los extractos fueron resuspendidos en etanol/agua en la concentración de 100 mg/mL. La actividad antibacteriana de los extractos fue comprobada usando el método de difusión en discos frente a aislados de S. agalactiae de origen humano y peces. El extracto etanólico presentó actividad antimicrobiana solamente para algunos aislados de S. agalactiae de origen humano. El extracto diclorometanico presentó actividad antimicrobiana para todos los aislados de S. agalactiae de ambos orígenes. La comparación de los resultados obtenidos con el extracto diclorometanico enfrente a los aislados de S. agalactiae de origen humano y peces mostró la existencia de variabilidad fenotípica entre aislados del mismo hospedero. Sin embargo, la comparación de las medias obtenidas en cada uno de los grupos fue estadísticamente semejante, demostrando la ausencia de variabilidad interpoblacional. De esta manera, se pudo observar que el perfl de resistencia de aislados de S. agalactiae fue independiente del hospedero de origen y característico de la especie.
Palabras clave: Extractos vegetales; Método de difusión en disco.
Te control of bacterial infections is mostly carried out with antibiotics. However, the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has become more frequent, leading to the need of new sources of molecules with antimicrobial activity, which have been found mainly in microorganisms and plants (Cowan, 1999; Mlynarczyk et al., 2010). Natural plant products have been used since ancient times for medicinal purposes as they comprise numerous components and valuable sources of new biologically active molecules (Cowan, 1999; Gupta et al., 2004).
Many plants synthesize antimicrobial secondary metabolites as part of their normal growth and development, often keeping them in tissues that need protection against microbial attack (Gupta et al., 2004). Te antimicrobial activity of plant extracts may reside in a variety of diferent phytochemical constituents, namely terpenoids, essential oils, alkaloids, lectins, polypeptides and polyphenolics and phenolic substances (simple phenols, phenolic acids, quinones, favones, favonols and favonoids, tannins and coumarins) (Gonçalves et al., 2005). Te antibacterial activity of these extracts may be ascribable to the combined efects of the polyphenols adsorption on bacterial membrane, leading to its rupture and subsequent leakage of cellular content, and the generation of hydroperoxides (Negi, 2012).
Among plants, avocado (Persea americana Mill), originated from Central America, presents a high nutritional value and is cultivated and used as food in most tropical and subtropical countries. Its peel, fruit and leaves are commonly used in America, Antilles and Africa for the treatment of various diseases such as menorrhagia, hypertension, stomach pain, bronchitis, diarrhea and diabetes (Adeyemi et al., 2002). However, avocado seeds are usually discarded during consumption or industrial processes generating residues that could be an economical alternative for treatment of some diseases.
Te avocado leaf, stem, fruit and peel have biological activities scientifcally proven (Miranda et al., 1997; Adeyemi et al., 2002; Quing-Yi et al., 2005; Gomez-Flores et al., 2008; Castro et al., 2010; Rodríguez-Carpena et al., 2011). Studies with seed demonstrated antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Yarrowia lipolytica. Te Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive than Gram-negative bacteria (Rodríguez-Carpena et al., 2011). Other seed properties already studied are larvicidal (in Aedesaegypti), antifungal (Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and Malassezia pachydermatis) (Leite et al., 2009) and antimicrobial activities against several species including S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Enteritidis, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes and Zygosaccharomyces bailii (Chia & Dykes, 2010).
Phytochemical studies of the avocado seed allowed the identifcation of several classes of active compounds such as favonoids, anthocyanins, condensed tannins, alkaloids and triterpenoids in methanolic extracts, while sterols and triterpenes were detected in the hexane extract (Leite et al., 2009).
Several bacterial species are considered of clinical importance because they cause a number of diseases in various hosts. Among these, the species Streptococcus agalactiae, a Gram positive, catalase negative and facultatively anaerobic bacteria is remarkable.Tis species can cause infections in cattle, humans and fsh. Furthermore, it can occasionally infect mice, cats, dogs, camels and frogs (Elliot et al., 1990; Figueiredo, et al., 2006; Pereira et al., 2010).
Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most common causes of perinatal bacterial infections in humans. It is also an opportunistic pathogen of the elderly and immunocompromised people, and may cause pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia and skin or soft tissue infections (Gibbs et al., 2004; Nakamura et al., 2011). Penicillin is the treatment of choice. However, for patients allergic to β-lactam, erythromycin or clindamycin are prescribed. Mammal isolates are preferably β-hemolytic, but some nonhemolytic have been isolated, and are usually cultivated at 37 °C (Evans et al., 2002; Gibbs et al., 2004).
Besides humans, S. agalactiae can infect freshwater and marine fsh, either in fsh farming or free in the environment (Figueiredo et al., 2006). It is considered the main pathogenic bacteria of diferent species of fsh with high mortality. Naturally or experimentally infected fsh exhibit symptoms, such as unilateral or bilateral exophthalmia, corneal opacity, erratic swimming, changes in skin color, skin lesions and ascites (Figueiredo et al., 2006; Pretto-Giordano et al., 2010a). Fish isolates of S. agalactiae are usually not hemolytic and are cultivated at 30°C, which may indicate phenotypic adaptations to host (Elliot et al., 1990; Evans et al., 2002; Castro et al., 2008).
S. agalactiae isolates of human source present resistance to tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, norfoxacin, levofoxacin, ciprofoxacin, moxifoxacin (Borger et al., 2005; Correa et al., 2011; Nakamura et al., 2011; Ki et al, 2012; Usein et al., 2012). Fish isolates may be resistant to nalidixic acid, gentamicin, neomycin, norfoxacin and streptomycin (Evans et al., 2002; Figueiredo et al., 2006).
Te susceptibility of S. agalactiae to natural extracts was analyzed in diferent works. According to Cueva et al. (2012), S. agalactiae presented sensitivity to phenolic compounds isolated from wine, epicatechin and gallic acid, and was not sensitive to oenological extracts. It was also sensitive to extracts of wild mushrooms (Alves et al., 2012) and to the essential oil from eight eucalyptus species (Elassi et al., 2012). Leaf extracts of Calyptranthes clusiifolia, Croton foribundus, Heisteria silvianii, Merremia tomentosa and Zanthoxylum riedelianum also inhibited S. agalactiae growth (Castro et al., 2008).
Tus, the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of avocado (P. americana Mill) seed extracts against S. agalactiae isolates of human and fsh origin. Terefore, comparison of intra- and inter-population variability of resistance profles was evaluated and indicated the potential therapeutic use of the avocado seed against this bacterial species.
Plant extracts. In order to obtain seed extracts of avocado (P. americana Mill., 'Margarida' variety), the seed was initially separated from the pulp, fragmented, dried and ground into powder. Te seed powder was then exposed to a maceration process for a period of seven days, either using ethyl alcohol as solvent, resulting in an extract termed "ethanolic extract", or using dichloromethane as solvent, yielding an extract termed "dichloromethane extract". Subsequently, the extracts were fltered and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. Procedures of maceration, fltration and concentration were repeated once more with both extracts. In order to measure the efciency of extraction, the obtained extracts were weighed and the ratio between 500g of the initial seed powder and the fnal weight calculated. Extracts were dissolved in ethanol / water (1:1), stored at room temperature and protected from light until use.
Bacterial strains and culture conditions. Te evaluation of 29 S. agalactiae isolates recovered from vaginal-rectal swabs and urine of female patients at the University Hospital of Universidade Estadual de Londrina (originally used by Otaguiri et al., 2013) was performed. Tese isolates had already been characterized for bacterial species confrmation by phenotypic tests (CAMP, KEA, NaCl, hippurate, bacitracin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Gram staining and catalase). Tese isolates were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C in Muller Hinton blood agar plates (supplemented with 5% sheep blood).
Te assessment of 26 isolates of S. agalactiae obtained from the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with bacterial infection symptoms was conducted. Te isolates were collected from diferent organs, including eyes, brain, liver, heart, blood, visceral fuid and kidney fsh collected at fsh farming properties located in the northern region of Paraná state and northwest region of São Paulo state, Brazil.Te strains had been previously identifed as S. agalactiae by Gram stain and biochemical assays, and confrmed by more accurate tests, such as API 20 Strep Microtest (BioMerieux) and SlidexStrepto-kit (BioM-erieux) (Pretto-Giordano et al., 2010b). Tese isolates were incubated for 48 hours at 30 °C in Muller Hinton blood agar plates.
Antibiograms. Te antibacterial activity of avocado seed extracts against S. agalactiae was evaluated by the Disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton blood agar plates, as recommended by CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute, 2010). For this purpose, bacteria concentration followed the 0.5 MacFarland scale, yielding an inoculum density of approximately 108 CFU/mL (Ostrosky et al., 2008) which was homogeneously distributed over the plates using sterile swabs.
Discs of 6 mm diameter (Laborclin, Brazil) received the application of 10 µL of 100 mg/mL ethanol or dichloromethane extracts. Additionally, other discs received 10 µL of solvents and were used as a negative control. All discs were kept for an hour under a laminar fow for solvent evaporation (Ostrosky et al., 2008).
Biplates were used, forming a duplicate of each isolate per plate. Tree discs were placed on each plate side: control, ethanol and dichloromethane extract. In other words, two disks were tested for each extract per strain. Samples of human source were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Strains of fsh origin were maintained at 30 °C for 48 hours. At the end of this time, the inhibition zone diameter was measured.
Statistical analysis. Te susceptibility test results were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test or the Mann-Whitney test for interpopulation analysis, at 95% confdence level. Tests were performed with the GraphPad InStat program, version 3.05.
After the extraction procedures, the fnal weight of extracts was 12.76 g for the ethanolic and 7.48g for the dichloromethane extract. Bacterial inhibition by extracts was evaluated visually by measuring the inhibition zone diameters around disks (disk diameter included) recorded in millimeters. Te antimicrobial activity was classifed into three levels: low activity (inhibition zone ≤12 mm), moderate activity (inhibition zone between 12 and 20 mm) and strong activity (inhibition zone ≥20 mm), following the criteria adopted in other studies with plant extracts (Rota et al., 2008; Fei et al, 2011).
Antibiogram results of S. agalactiae isolates are shown in Table 1 and exemplifed in Figures 1 and 2. Both human and fsh isolates showed statistical variability in intra-group analysis, exhibiting an inhibition zone between 7 mm e 13 mm for human isolates, and between 9 mm and 12 mm for fsh isolates.
Table 1. Antimicrobial activity of avocado seed extracts against S. agalactiae strains.
Tabla 1. Actividad antimicrobiana de extractos de semilla de aguacate contra cepas de S. agalactiae.
a: statistically differs from strain 14; b: statistically differs from strain 52; c: statistically differs from strain 40; d: statistically differs from strain 42; e: statistically differs from strain 48 (P<0.05).
a: difiere estadísticamente de la cepa 14; b: difiere estadísticamente de la cepa 52; c: difiere estadísticamente de la cepa 40; d: difiere estadísticamente de la cepa 42; e: difiere estadísticamente de la cepa 48 (P<0,05)
Fig. 1. Antibiogram of S. agalactiae isolates of human source: a) strain 6, b) strain 14 and c) strain 25. Disc 1: ethanol/water control; Disc 2: ethanolic extract (100 mg/mL); Disc 3: dichloromethane extract (100 mg/mL).
Fig. 1. Antibiograma de aislados humanos de S. agalactiae: a) cepa 6, b) cepa 14 y c) cepa 25. Disco 1: control etanol/agua; Disco 2: extracto etanólico (100 mg/mL); Disco 3: extracto diclorometanico (100 mg/mL).
Fig. 2. Antibiogram of S. agalactiae isolates of fish source: (a) strain 26, (b) strain 34 and (c) strain 55. Disc 1: ethanol/water control; Disc 2: ethanolic extract (100 mg/mL); Disc 3: dichloromethane extract (100 mg/mL).
Fig. 2. Antibiograma de aislados de peces de S. agalactiae: (a) cepa 26, (b) cepa 34 y (c) cepa 55. Disco 1: control etanol/agua; Disco 2: extracto etanólico (100 mg/mL); Disco 3: extracto diclorometanico (100 mg/mL).
For the intergroup analysis, the average of inhibition zones obtained for each group (human and fsh origin) was compared. Statistical analysis for ethanolic extract could not be performed, since inhibition zones on plates with fsh isolates were not observed. However, diferences in susceptibility between strains of human and fsh could be observed, given that the frst show some susceptible isolates, while in the latter, no susceptible isolates were found (Table 1). Te antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract, when present, was considered weak, with an inhibition zone between 7 mm and 9.5 mm.
Te mean ± standard deviation of the inhibition zone diameter for the isolates of human origin observed for the dichloromethane extract was 10.93 ± 0.62 mm. On the other hand, fsh isolates presented a mean ± standard deviation of 10.61 ± 0.56 mm. Te comparison between means was not statistically signifcant, with p = 0.0897. Te dichloromethane extract antibacterial activity was considered weak.
Plant extracts are sources of a variety of biotechnology products. Terefore, countless studies have been conducted in order to evaluate characteristics of these extracts, which can be used for the treatment of diseases, due to their antimicrobial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-infammatory and antitumor activities (Miranda et al., 1997; Adeyemi et al., 2002; Qing-Yi et al., 2005; Leite et al., 2009; Rodríguez-Carpena et al., 2011). Among the commonly evaluated properties, the antimicrobial activity has received special attention, and numerous studies have been conducted, including diferent avocado extracts (Gomez-Flores et al., 2008; Castro et al., 2010; Chia & Dykes, 2010; Rodríguez-Carpena et al., 2011).
However, although widely used, there are not yet any standardization methods to analyze the antimicrobial activity of extracts of natural products (Ostrosky et al., 2008). Te Disk difusion test is indicated by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration / USA) and established as standard by the CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute / USA, 2010), and, therefore, was the method chosen to conduct this study.
Several S. agalactiae isolates of human and fsh origin were used in this work, aiming to comprise diferent phenotypic variations found in isolates from each of the two sources, as well as verify what kind of host presents isolates more susceptible to the evaluated extracts.
Human source isolates used in this study have already been analyzed for capsular type, genotyping by MLVA, antibiotics susceptibility and genetic virulence determinants. Te results suggest that even commensal S. agalactiae isolates have high potential for virulence and are susceptible to most antimicrobial agents tested (penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, etc.) (Otaguiri et al., 2013). However, they presented moderate resistance to erythromycin (19%) and clindamycin (13%) which demands the search for new treatment alternatives, especially for patients allergic to β-lactam antibiotics.
Te diference in efciency of the two extracts can be explained by the diference in polarity of solvents. During the extraction process, polarity infuences solubility of the main active substance, leading to diference in their chemical composition and consequently, in their biological activity (Idris et al., 2009). Te yield of extraction and concentration of the extract solution can also intervene in the results.
Te antimicrobial activity of avocado extracts may be ascribable to its chemical composition. Phytochemical screening highlighted the presence of phenolic compounds in avocado tissues, whose antimicrobial activity is well documented (Idris et al., 2009; Rodriguez-Carpena et al., 2011).
Avocado seed extracts showed low antimicrobial activity against of S. agalactiae isolates. Tis can probably be overcome by increasing extract concentration. Te results indicate that the avocado seed is a potential source of antimicrobial substances and arouses considerable interest in new research with more purifed extracts for the identifcation of compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity.
Tis work was supported by grants from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científco e Tecnológico (CNPq).
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Bodrum is a city in Turkey. The National flag of Turkey is displayed on the side.
Bodrum (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈbodɾum]) is a district and a port city in Muğla Province, in the southwestern Aegean Region of Turkey. It is located on the southern coast of Bodrum Peninsula, at a point that checks the entry into the Gulf of Gökova, and is also the center of the eponymous district. The city was called Halicarnassus of Caria in ancient times and was famous for housing the Mausoleum of Mausolus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Built by the Knights Hospitaller in the 15th century, Bodrum Castle overlooks the harbour and the marina. The castle includes a museum of underwater archaeology and hosts several cultural festivals throughout the year. The city had a population of 36,317 in 2012. It takes 50 minutes via boat to reach Kos from Bodrum, with services running multiple times a day by at least three operators.
What is the time in Bodrum?
What time is in Bodrum?
What is the local time in Bodrum?
What is the time zone of Bodrum?
Bodrum Clock - What is it?
Bodrum Time - What is?
It is also important to note that this page displays current information about the Current time in Bodrum and local time in Bodrum.


Compiling and running xdebug in PHP debug mode on Windows causes stack corruption errors to be thrown.
This bug only appears to occur when the xdebug.profiler_enable option is enabled.
Run-Time Check Failure #2 - Stack around the variable 'nr' was corrupted.
Or, preferably, report Xdebug related issues to <https://bugs.xdebug.org/>.