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Nystagmus and oscillopsia
European Academy of Neurology
2004 Feb (revised 2012 Jan)
Nystagmus and oscillopsia.
References Supporting the Recommendations
Al-Awami A, Flanders ME, Andermann F, Polomeno RC. Resolution of periodic alternating nystagmus after decompression for Chiari malformation. Can J Ophthalmol. 2005 Dec;40(6):778-80. PubMed
Averbuch-Heller L, Tusa RJ, Fuhry L, Rottach KG, Ganser GL, Heide W, Buttner U, Leigh RJ. A double-blind controlled study of gabapentin and baclofen as treatment for acquired nystagmus. Ann Neurol. 1997 Jun;41(6):818-25. PubMed
Bandini F, Castello E, Mazzella L, Mancardi GL, Solaro C. Gabapentin but not vigabatrin is effective in the treatment of acquired nystagmus in multiple sclerosis: How valid is the GABAergic hypothesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;71(1):107-10. PubMed
Barton JJ, Huaman AG, Sharpe JA. Muscarinic antagonists in the treatment of acquired pendular and downbeat nystagmus: a double-blind, randomized trial of three intravenous drugs. Ann Neurol. 1994 Mar;35(3):319-25. PubMed
Bibby K, Deane JS, Farnworth D, Cappin J. Superior oblique myokymia--a topical solution. Br J Ophthalmol. 1994 Nov;78(11):882. PubMed
Brandt T. Vertigo: its multisensory syndromes. 2nd ed. London: Springer-Verlag; 1999.
Brazis PW, Miller NR, Henderer JD, Lee AG. The natural history and results of treatment of superior oblique myokymia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994 Aug;112(8):1063-7. PubMed
Carlow TJ. Medical treatment of nystagmus and ocular motor disorders. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1986 Winter;26(4):251-64. PubMed
Comer RM, Dawson EL, Lee JP. Baclofen for patients with congenital periodic alternating nystagmus. Strabismus. 2006 Dec;14(4):205-9. PubMed
Cross SA, Smith JL, Norton EW. Periodic alternating nystagmus clearing after vitrectomy. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1982 Mar;2(1):5-11. PubMed
Currie JN, Matsuo V. The use of clonazepam in the treatment of nystagmus-induced oscillopsia. Ophthalmology. 1986 Jul;93(7):924-32. PubMed
Dell'Osso LF. Suppression of pendular nystagmus by smoking cannabis in a patient with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2000 Jun 13;54(11):2190-1. PubMed
Dieterich M, Straube A, Brandt T, Paulus W, Buttner U. The effects of baclofen and cholinergic drugs on upbeat and downbeat nystagmus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1991 Jul;54(7):627-32. PubMed
Ell J, Gresty M, Chambers BR, Frindley L. Acquired pendular nystagmus: characteristics, pathophysiology and pharmaceutical modification. In: Roucoux A, Crommeilinck M, editor(s). Physiological and pathological aspects of eye movements. The Hague, Boston, London: Dr. W. Junk Publ; 1982. p. 89-98.
Frisen L, Wikkelso C. Posttraumatic seesaw nystagmus abolished by ethanol ingestion. Neurology. 1986 Jun;36(6):841-4. PubMed
Glasauer S, Kalla R, Buttner U, Strupp M, Brandt T. 4-aminopyridine restores visual ocular motor function in upbeat nystagmus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;76(3):451-3. PubMed
Gresty MA, Ell JJ, Findley LJ. Acquired pendular nystagmus: its characteristics, localising value and pathophysiology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982 May;45(5):431-9. PubMed
Halmagyi GM, Rudge P, Gresty MA, Leigh RJ, Zee DS. Treatment of periodic alternating nystagmus. Ann Neurol. 1980 Dec;8(6):609-11. PubMed
Herishanu Y, Louzoun Z. Trihexyphenidyl treatment of vertical pendular nystagmus. Neurology. 1986 Jan;36(1):82-4. PubMed
Hertle RW, Yang D. Clinical and electrophysiological effects of extraocular muscle surgery on patients with Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome (INS). Semin Ophthalmol. 2006 Apr-Jun;21(2):103-10. PubMed
Isago H, Tsuboya R, Kataura A. A case of periodic alternating nystagmus: with a special reference to the efficacy of baclofen treatment. Auris Nasus Larynx. 1985;12(1):15-21. PubMed
Jabbari B, Rosenberg M, Scherokman B, Gunderson CH, McBurney JW, McClintock W. Effectiveness of trihexyphenidyl against pendular nystagmus and palatal myoclonus: evidence of cholinergic dysfunction. Mov Disord. 1987;2(2):93-8. PubMed
Jannetta PJ, Moller MB, Moller AR. Disabling positional vertigo. N Engl J Med. 1984 Jun 28;310(26):1700-5. PubMed
Jay WM, Williams BB, De Chicchis A. Periodic alternating nystagmus clearing after cataract surgery. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1985 Sep;5(3):149-52. PubMed
Kalla R, Glasauer S, Schautzer F, Lehnen N, Buttner U, Strupp M, Brandt T. 4-aminopyridine improves downbeat nystagmus, smooth pursuit, and VOR gain. Neurology. 2004 Apr 13;62(7):1228-9. PubMed
Kim JI, Averbuch-Heller L, Leigh RJ. Evaluation of transdermal scopolamine as treatment for acquired nystagmus. J Neuroophthalmol. 2001 Sep;21(3):188-92. PubMed
Kumar A, Thomas S, McLean R, Proudlock FA, Roberts E, Boggild M, Gottlob I. Treatment of acquired periodic alternating nystagmus with memantine: a case report. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009 Mar-Apr;32(2):109-10. PubMed
Larmande P, Larmande A. [The action of baclofen on periodic alternating nystagmus. Current perspectives in the treatment of certain forms of nystagmus]. Bull Mem Soc Fr Ophtalmol. 1982;94:390-3. PubMed
Leigh RJ, Averbuch-Heller L, Tomsak RL, Remler BF, Yaniglos SS, Dell'Osso LF. Treatment of abnormal eye movements that impair vision: Strategies based on current concepts of physiology and pharmacology. Ann Neurol. 1994 Aug;36(2):129-41. PubMed
Leigh RJ, Burnstine TH, Ruff RL, Kasmer RJ. Effect of anticholinergic agents upon acquired nystagmus: a double-blind study of trihexyphenidyl and tridihexethyl chloride. Neurology. 1991 Nov;41(11):1737-41. PubMed
Leopold HC. [Opsoclonus and myoclonus syndrome. Clinical and electronystagmography findings with course studies]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1985 Feb;53(2):42-54. PubMed
Lepore FE. Ethanol-induced resolution of pathologic nystagmus. Neurology. 1987 May;37(5):887. PubMed
Liebenberg WA, Georges H, Demetriades AK, Hardwidge C. Does posterior fossa decompression improve oculomotor and vestibulo-ocular manifestations in Chiari 1 malformation. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005 Dec;147(12):1239-40; discussion 1240. PubMed
McLean R, Proudlock F, Thomas S, Degg C, Gottlob I. Congenital nystagmus: randomized, controlled, double-masked trial of memantine/gabapentin. Ann Neurol. 2007 Feb;61(2):130-8. PubMed
Mossman SS, Bronstein AM, Rudge P, Gresty MA. Acquired pendular nystagmus suppressed by alcohol. Neuro-Ophthalmol. 1993;13:99-106.
Nathanson M, Bergman PS, Bender MB. Visual disturbances as the result of nystagmus on direct forward gaze; effect of amobarbital (amytal) sodium. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1953 Apr;69(4):427-35. PubMed
Nausieda PA, Tanner CM, Weiner WJ. Opsoclonic cerebellopathy: A paraneoplastic syndrome responsive to thiamine. Arch Neurol. 1981 Dec;38(12):780-1. PubMed
Nuti D, Ciacci G, Giannini F, Rossi A, Federico A. Aperiodic alternating nystagmus: report of two cases and treatment by baclofen. Ital J Neurol Sci. 1986 Aug;7(4):453-9. PubMed
Palmer EA, Shults WT. Superior oblique myokymia: preliminary results of surgical treatment. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1984 May-Jun;21(3):96-101. PubMed
Pedersen RA, Troost BT, Abel LA, Zorub D. Intermittent downbeat nystagmus and oscillopsia reversed by suboccipital craniectomy. Neurology. 1980 Nov;30(11):1239-42. PubMed
Pless M, Ronthal M. Treatment of opsoclonus-myoclonus with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Neurology. 1996 Feb;46(2):583-4. PubMed
Pradeep A, Thomas S, Roberts EO, Proudlock FA, Gottlob I. Reduction of congenital nystagmus in a patient after smoking cannabis. Strabismus. 2008 Jan-Mar;16(1):29-32. PubMed
Rosenberg ML, Glaser JS. Superior oblique myokymia. Ann Neurol. 1983 Jun;13(6):667-9. PubMed
Samii M, Rosahl SK, Carvalho GA, Krzizok T. Microvascular decompression for superior oblique myokymia: first experience. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1998 Dec;89(6):1020-4. PubMed
Sarvananthan N, Proudlock FA, Choudhuri I, Dua H, Gottlob I. Pharmacologic treatment of congenital nystagmus. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Jun;124(6):916-8. PubMed
Scharwey K, Krzizok T, Samii M, Rosahl SK, Kaufmann H. Remission of superior oblique myokymia after microvascular decompression. Ophthalmologica. 2000;214(6):426-8. PubMed
Schon F, Hart PE, Hodgson TL, Pambakian AL, Ruprah M, Williamson EM, Kennard C. Suppression of pendular nystagmus by smoking cannabis in a patient with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1999 Dec 10;53(9):2209-10. PubMed
Serra A, Liao K, Martinez-Conde S, Optican LM, Leigh RJ. Suppression of saccadic intrusions in hereditary ataxia by memantine. Neurology. 2008 Mar 4;70(10):810-2. PubMed
Shery T, Proudlock FA, Sarvananthan N, McLean RJ, Gottlob I. The effects of gabapentin and memantine in acquired and congenital nystagmus: a retrospective study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jul;90(7):839-43. PubMed
Spooner JW, Baloh RW. Arnold-Chiari malformation: improvement in eye movements after surgical treatment. Brain. 1981 Mar;104(Pt 1):51-60. PubMed
Sprenger A, Rambold H, Sander T, Marti S, Weber K, Straumann D, Helmchen C. Treatment of the gravity dependence of downbeat nystagmus with 3,4-diaminopyridine. Neurology. 2006 Sep 12;67(5):905-7. PubMed
Starck M, Albrecht H, Pollmann W, Dieterich M, Straube A. Acquired pendular nystagmus in multiple sclerosis: an examiner-blind cross-over treatment study of memantine and gabapentin. J Neurol. 2010 Mar;257(3):322-7. PubMed
Starck M, Albrecht H, Pollmann W, Straube A, Dieterich M. Drug therapy for acquired pendular nystagmus in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 1997 Jan;244(1):9-16. PubMed
Strupp M, Schuler O, Krafczyk S, Jahn K, Schautzer F, Buttner U, Brandt T. Treatment of downbeat nystagmus with 3,4-diaminopyridine: a placebo-controlled study. Neurology. 2003 Jul 22;61(2):165-70. PubMed
Susac JO, Smith JL, Schatz NJ. Superior oblique myokymia. Arch Neurol. 1973 Dec;29(6):432-4. PubMed
Tomsak RL, Kosmorsky GS, Leigh RJ. Gabapentin attenuates superior oblique myokymia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 May;133(5):721-3. PubMed
Traccis S, Marras MA, Puliga MV, et al. Square-wave jerks and square-wave oscillations: treatment with valproicacid. Neuro-Ophthalmol. 1997;18:51-8.
Traccis S, Rosati G, Monaco MF, Aiello I, Agnetti V. Successful treatment of acquired pendular elliptical nystagmus in multiple sclerosis with isoniazid and base-out prisms. Neurology. 1990 Mar;40(3 Pt 1):492-4. PubMed
Tyler TD, Ruiz RS. Propranolol in the treatment of superior oblique myokymia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990 Feb;108(2):175-6. PubMed
Yee RD, Baloh RW, Honrubia V. Effect of baclofen on congenital nystagmus. In: Lennerstrand G, Zee DS, Keller E, editor(s). Functional basis of ocular motility. Oxford: Pergamon; 1982. p. 151-8.
Type of Evidence Supporting the Recommendations
Most drug treatments are based on case reports. Only recently several small controlled trials have been published, and they were all based on a small number of subjects.
Description of Implementation Strategy
The European Federation of Neurological Societies has a mailing list and all guideline papers go to national societies, national ministries of health, World Health Organisation, European Union, and a number of other destinations. Corporate support is recruited to buy large numbers of reprints of the guideline papers and permission is given to sponsoring companies to distribute the guideline papers from their commercial channels, provided there is no advertising attached.
Staff Training/Competency Material
Potential Benefits
Appropriate therapy of nystagmus and oscillopsia
Potential Harms
Surgical decompression of the IV nerve for superior oblique myokymia has been reported to be beneficial but may result in superior oblique palsy.
There are observations that scopolamine may make the pendular nystagmus worse in some patients.
Rating of Recommendations for a Therapeutic Intervention
Level A rating (established as effective, ineffective, or harmful) requires at least one convincing class I study or at least two consistent, convincing class II studies.
Level B rating (probably effective, ineffective, or harmful) requires at least one convincing class II study or overwhelming class III evidence.
Level C rating (possibly effective, ineffective, or harmful) requires at least two convincing class III studies.
This guideline provides the view of an expert task force appointed by the Scientific Committee of the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS). It represents a peer-reviewed statement of minimum desirable standards for the guidance of practice based on the best available evidence. It is not intended to have legally binding implications in individual cases.
Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence
Searches of Electronic Databases
Description of Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence
One member of the task force panel searched through all available published information using the database MEDLINE (last search September 2009). The search was restricted to papers published in English, French, or German. The key words used for the search included the following sequences: 'nystagmus and therapy', 'treatment of ocular motor disorders' and 'treatment of double vision'. All published papers were included, as only a limited number of controlled studies are available.
Number of Source Documents
Methods Used to Assess the Quality and Strength of the Evidence
Weighting According to a Rating Scheme (Scheme Given)
Rating Scheme for the Strength of the Evidence
Evidence Classification Scheme for a Therapeutic Intervention
Class I: An adequately powered prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with masked outcome assessment in a representative population or an adequately powered systematic review of prospective randomized controlled clinical trials with masked outcome assessment in representative populations. The following are required:
Randomization concealment
Primary outcome(s) is/are clearly defined
Exclusion/inclusion criteria are clearly defined
Adequate accounting for dropouts and crossovers with numbers sufficiently low to have minimal potential for bias
Relevant baseline characteristics are presented and substantially equivalent among treatment groups or there is appropriate statistical adjustment for differences
Class II: Prospective matched-group cohort study in a representative population with masked outcome assessment that meets a–e above or a randomized, controlled trial in a representative population that lacks one criteria a–e
Class III: All other controlled trials (including well-defined natural history controls or patients serving as own controls) in a representative population, where outcome assessment is independent of patient treatment
Class IV: Evidence from uncontrolled studies, case series, case reports, or expert opinion
Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence
Description of the Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence
Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations
Expert Consensus
Description of Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations
The members of the task force read the first draft of the recommendation and discussed changes (informative consensus approach).
Most drug treatments are based on case reports. Only recently several small controlled trials have been published, and they were all based on a small number of subjects, and not all patients always respond positively to the treatment. Thus, all treatment recommendations have to be classified as Class C.
A formal cost analysis was not performed and published cost analyses were not reviewed.
Method of Guideline Validation
Description of Method of Guideline Validation
The guidelines were validated according to the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) criteria (see the "Availability of Companion Documents" field).
Bibliographic Source(s)
Straube A, Bronstein A, Straumann D, European Federation of Neurologic Societies. Nystagmus and oscillopsia. Eur J Neurol. 2012 Jan;19(1):6-14. [101 references] PubMed
Not applicable: The guideline was not adapted from another source.
Source(s) of Funding
The present guidelines were developed without external financial support.
Guideline Committee
European Federation of Neurological Societies Task Force on Nystagmus and Oscillopsia
Composition of Group That Authored the Guideline
Task Force Members: A. Straube, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; A. Bronstein, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK; and D. Straumann, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Financial Disclosures/Conflicts of Interest
None of the authors reported conflicting interests.
Guideline Status
This is the current release of the guideline.
This guideline updates a previous version: Straube A, Leigh RJ, Bronstein A, Heide W, Riordan-Eva P, Tijssen CC, Dehaene I, Straumann D. EFNS task force--therapy of nystagmus and oscillopsia. Eur J Neurol 2004 Feb;11(2):83-9.
Guideline Availability
Electronic copies: Available to registered users from the European Federation of Neurological Societies Web site.
Availability of Companion Documents
The following are available:
Brainin M, Barnes M, Baron JC, Gilhus NE, Hughes R, Selmaj K, Waldemar G; Guideline Standards Subcommittee of the EFNS Scientific Committee. Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces – revised recommendations 2004. Eur J Neurol. 2004 Sep;11(9):577-81. Electronic copies: Available in Portable Document Format (PDF) from the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) Web site.
Continuing Medical Education questions are available to registered users from the EFNS Web site.
NGC Status
This NGC summary was completed by ECRI on December 4, 2006. The information was verified by the guideline developer on December 29, 2006. This summary was updated by ECRI Institute on January 10, 2008, following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory on Carbamazepine. This summary was updated by ECRI Institute on May 1, 2009 following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory on antiepileptic drugs. This NGC summary was updated by ECRI Institute on November 20, 2012. The updated information was verified by the guideline developer on February 12, 2013. This summary was updated by ECRI Institute on July 10, 2013 following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory on Valproate.
This NGC summary is based on the original guideline, which is subject to the Wiley Online Library copyright restrictions.
Disease/Condition(s)
Guideline Category
Guideline Objective(s)
To summarize all published treatment options for nystagmus and oscillopsia as well as to provide a short overview on definitions and pathomechanisms of certain distinct ocular motor syndromes
Patients presenting with nystagmus and oscillopsia
Interventions and Practices Considered
Benzodiazepines (e.g., clonazepam, nitrazepam)
Anticonvulsants (e.g., carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid, gabapentin)
Anticholinergic drugs (e.g., biperiden)
3,4-diaminopyridine
4-aminopyridine
Phenothiazine
Antimuscarinics (e.g., scopolamine [with and without lidocaine], trihexyphenidyl, tridihexethyl chloride)
Isoniazid (in patients with multiple sclerosis)
Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol)
Intravenous thiamine
Surgical treatment (decompression, tenotomy of the superior oblique muscle)
Base-down prisms
Glasses with prisms
Therapy for any underlying process for opsoclonus and ocular flutter
Major Outcomes Considered
Effectiveness of treatment
Major Recommendations
The levels of evidence (class I-IV) supporting the recommendations and ratings of recommendations (A-C) are defined at the end of the "Major Recommendations" field.
All treatment recommendations are classified as Class C.
Supranuclear Ocular Motor Disorders
Downbeat Nystagmus (DBN)
No studies on the natural course of DBN are available. In non-placebo-controlled-studies with a limited number of patients, administration of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A agonist clonazepam (0.5 mg per os [p.o.] three times daily) (Currie & Matsuo, 1986), the GABA-B agonist baclofen (10 mg p.o. three times daily) (Dieterich et al., 1991), and gabapentin (probably calcium channel blocker) (Averbuch-Heller et al., 1997) had positive effects and reduced DBN. Intravenous injection of the cholinergic drug physostigmine (acetylcholine [Ach]-esterase inhibitor) worsened DBN in five patients. This effect was partially reversed in one patient by the anticholinergic drug biperiden, suggesting that anticholinergic drugs might be beneficial, as was shown in a double-blind study on intravenous scopolamine (Barton, Huaman, & Sharpe, 1994). In isolated patients with a craniocervical anomaly, a surgical decompression by removal of part of the occipital bone in the region of the foramen magnum was beneficial (Pedersen et al., 1980; Spooner & Baloh, 1981; Liebenberg et al., 2005; personal observation). Recent placebo-controlled studies have suggested that the potassium channel blockers 3,4-diaminopyridine (3 x 20 mg/day) and 4-aminopyridine (3 x 10 mg/day) may be effective in reducing DBN (Strupp et al., 2003) and in improving the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and smooth pursuit (Kalla et al., 2004). A further study in 11 patients with DBN because of cerebellar degeneration confirmed this effect and showed that 3,4-diaminopyridine especially reduce the gravity-independent velocity bias (Sprenger et al., 2006). As DBN is generally less pronounced in upward gaze, base-down prisms sometimes help to reduce oscillopsia during reading in some patients.
Upbeat Nystagmus
Treatment with baclofen (5–10 mg p.o. three times daily) resulted in an improvement in several patients (Dieterich et al., 1991). There are some observations that 10 mg 4-aminopyridine three times a day reduces upbeat nystagmus (Glasauer et al., 2005).
Alcohol had a beneficial effect (1.2 g/kg body weight) in two patients (Frisèn & Wikkelso, 1986; Lepore, 1987), but this cannot be recommended as treatment, as did clonazepam (Carlow, 1986). Recently, Averbruch-Heller et al. (1997) reported on three patients with a seesaw component to their pendular nystagmus, who improved on gabapentin.
Periodic Alternating Nystagmus (PAN)
In general, PAN does not improve spontaneously. Several case reports of acquired as well as congenital PAN describe a positive effect of baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, in a dose of 5–10 mg p.o. three times daily (Carlow, 1986; Halmagyi, Rudge, & Gresty, 1980; Larmande & Larmande, 1983; Isago, Tsuboya, & Kataura, 1985; Nuti et al., 1986; Comer, Dawson, & Lee, 2006). Furthermore, phenothiazine and barbiturates have been found to be effective in single cases (Isago, Tsuboya, & Kataura, 1985; Nathanson, Bergman, & Bender, 1953). Recently, also memantine was described as effective (Kumar et al., 2009). PAN because of bilateral visual loss resolves if vision is restored (Cross, Smith, & Norton, 1982; Jay, Williams, & De Chicchis, 1985). In a case of PAN associated to a Chiari-malformation, a surgical decompression resolved the PAN (Al-Awami et al., 2005).
Non-vestibular Supranuclear Ocular Motor Disorders
Acquired Pendular Nystagmus (APN)
Most reports (case reports or case series) state that anticholinergic treatment with trihexyphenidyl (20–40 mg p.o. daily) is effective (Herishanu, & Louzoun, 1986; Jabbari et al., 1987), but in a double-blind study by Leigh et al. (1991), only one of six patients showed improvement from this oral treatment, whereas three patients showed a decrease in nystagmus and improvement of visual acuity during treatment with tridihexethyl chloride (a quaternary anticholinergic that does not cross the blood–brain barrier). In contrast, Barton et al. (1994) found in a double-blind trial that scopolamine (0.4 mg intravenous [i.v.]) decreased the nystagmus in all five tested patients with APN. However, there are even observations that scopolamine may make the pendular nystagmus worse in some patients (Kim, Averbuch-Heller, & Leigh, 2001). In three other patients, the combination with lidocaine (100 mg i.v.) decreased nystagmus (Gresty, Ell, & Findley, 1982; Ell et al., 1982). Recently, Starck et al. (1997) reported an improvement in three of 10 patients who received a scopolamine patch (containing 1.5 mg scopolamine, released at a rate of 0.5 mg/day). The same authors failed to observe further improvement when scopolamine and mexiletine (400–600 mg p.o. daily) were given in combination. The most effective substance in their study was memantine, a glutamate antagonist, which significantly improved the nystagmus in all nine tested patients (15–60 mg p.o. daily). Two patients responded to clonazepam (3 x 0.5–1.0 mg p.o. daily), a GABA-A agonist (Starck et al., 1997). In a further crossover study, Starck and coworkers (2010) showed that memantine as well as gabapentin was able not only to reduce the nystagmus but also to improve visual acuity. Two other groups have reported benefit with GABA-ergic drugs. Traccis et al. (1990) showed improvement in one of three patients with APN and cerebellar ataxia because of multiple sclerosis (MS) when treated with isoniazid (800–1000 mg p.o. daily) and glasses with prisms that induced convergence. This observation was not confirmed by other investigators (Leigh et al., 1994). Gabapentin substantially improved the nystagmus (and visual acuity) in 10 of 15 patients (Averbuch-Heller et al., 1997). Gabapentin was superior to vigabatrin in a small series of patients (Bandini et al., 2001). Interestingly, Mossman et al. (1993) described two patients who benefited from intake of alcohol but not from other substances. Recently, a beneficial effect of cannabis was also reported (Schon et al., 1999; Dell'Osso, 2000).
Practically, treatment should start with memantine in a dosage of 15–60 mg p.o. or alternatively 300–400 mg gabapentin three times daily. If there is no or only a small effect, benzodiazepines like clonazepam (0.5–1.0 mg p.o. three times daily) can be tried. Further possibilities are scopolamine patches or trihexyphenidyl.
Opsoclonus and Ocular Flutter
In addition to therapy for any underlying process such as tumour or encephalitis, treatment with immunoglobulins or prednisolone may be occasionally effective (Pless & Ronthal, 1996). Four of five patients with square-wave oscillations, probably a related fixation disturbance, showed an improvement on therapy with valproic acid (Traccis et al., 1997) or in patients with hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia on therapy with memantine 20 mg/daily (Serra et al., 2008). In single cases, an improvement has been observed during treatment with propranolol (40–80 mg p.o. three times daily), nitrazepam (15–30 mg p.o. daily) and clonazepam (0.5–2.0 mg p.o. three times daily) (overview in Carlow, 1986; Leopold, 1985). Nausieda et al. (1981) reported a dramatic improvement in one patient after the administration of 200 mg thiamine i.v.
Congenital Nystagmus
In most cases, therapy is not necessary. Besides surgical interventions (Yee, Baloh, & Honrubia, 1982) only a few reports on medical treatment trials are reported. Baclofen (Pradeep et al., 2008), cannabis (McLean et al., 2007), and especially memantine and gabapentin are described. In a study with 47 patients, memantine (up to 40 mg) as well as gabapentin (up to 2400 mg) were shown to be superior to placebo and both also improved visual acuity (Hertle & Yang, 2006). A similar result was reported in a retrospective study of 23 patients with acquired as well as congenital nystagmus (Shery et al., 2006; Sarvananthan et al., 2006).
Nuclear and Infranuclear Ocular Disorders
Superior Oblique Myokymia
Spontaneous remissions, which can last for days up to years, are typical of superior oblique myokymia but there are several reports that anticonvulsants, especially carbamazepine, have a therapeutic effect. Carbamazepine (200–400 mg p.o. three or four times daily) or, less often, phenytoin (250–400 mg p.o. daily) are recommended (Susac, Smith, & Schatz, 1973; Rosenberg & Glaser, 1983). Gabapentin has also been reported to be effective (Tomsak, Kosmorsky, & Leigh, 2002). Rosenberg and Glaser (1983) described a decrease in the efficacy of the treatment after a month in some patients. Beta-blockers, even topically, have been reported to be effective (Tyler & Ruiz, 1990; Bibby et al., 1994). In chronic cases that did not improve with anticonvulsants, tenotomy of the superior oblique muscle was performed, but usually it necessitates inferior oblique surgery as well (Palmer & Shults, 1984; Brazis et al., 1994). Surgical decompression of the IV nerve has also been reported to be beneficial but may result in superior oblique palsy) (Samii et al., 1998; Scharwey et al., 2000). Practically, treatment should be started with carbamazepine (200–400 mg p.o. three to four times daily) or phenytoin (250–400 mg p.o. daily).
Paroxysmal Vestibular Episodes
As initial therapy, an anticonvulsant should be given (Brandt, 1999). Mean dosages of carbamazepine of about 600 mg/day and of oxcarbazepine of about 900 mg/day led to a reduction in the attack frequency of about 90% (Scharwey et al., 2000). In general, a positive response to antiepileptic drugs can be achieved with low dosages. If the symptoms do not cease, a surgical approach may be considered (Jannetta, Møller, & Møller, 1984). There are no satisfactory follow-up studies, and the diagnostic criteria have not yet been fully established.
Clinical Algorithm(s)
IOM Care Need
IOM Domain
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Abstract– Space applications demand highly stable and reliable SRAM circuits for secure and the uninterrupted operation. In this paper, we propose advanced FinFET and self-refreshing logic based 12T SRAM cell (WWL12T). The dual-k gate insulator and symmetric spacer are used to improve the reliability and performance of the FinFET. The outer side high-k insulator reduces the charge trapping to the gate oxide and improves the ON current along with reduced short channel effects. WWL12T Uses extra word line for bit interleaving aware design and a feedback circuit for stable space applications. In the read operation, the extra P-type transistors are active according to stored data bits and charge the storing nodes using bit-line voltages. The static noise margin and word line write margin of proposed WWL12T SRAM cell under worst case process variation (PV) and single charge trapping (SCT) improve by 6.4% and 8.4%, respectively compared to existing 12T SRAM.


Finally available are these previously hard-to-find A-Pillar interior trim covers, hi-quality injection molded replacements suitable for your use on your restoration. Only sold in a matched pair. Fits all VF/VG Valiant Hardtop.


This hands-on guide gives an overview of computer vision and enables engineers to understand the implications and challenges behind mobile platform design choices. Using face-related algorithms as examples, the author surveys and illustrates how design choices and algorithms can be geared towards developing power-saving and efficient applications on resource constrained mobile platforms.
Researchers and software engineers in computer vision looking to understand the needs of mobile devices.
Haowei Liu is a software engineer in the Perceptual Computing Group at Intel. Previously he was with the exploratory computer vision group at IBM's TJ Watson Center, where he built computer vision algorithms into products (the IBM S3 system). He has published papers in conferences, journals, book volumes, and tech reports, has been a presenter and session chair/committee member for various conferences, and has served as an associate editor for journals in the computer vision field.


text:
Alternate History Books and Media
Peshawar Lancers Redux: Europe
Thread starter chris N
The Fall had had an enormous impact on Europe. The British Government made an all out effort to remove the entire population of the British Isles to India or South Africa or Australia. On the Mainland of Europe the Dutch decided that they would also need to move their population to somewhere else. In their case their options were limited to its colony in either South America or to the Netherlands East Indies. They had also sought permission from the British government to allow their people to settle in South Africa.
France had suffered an impact which had altered the geography of France. It was now possible to sail from the English Channel to Paris. Most of the French population had moved to the south of France and to North Africa. The French Army was busy conquering North Africa to ensure that it was safe for the French people to settle. They were also receiving refugees from the Balkans, who were fleeing the advancing German and Austrian Armies.
The German and Austrian Empires had combined their affords and had by 1878 pushed all the way to the Med. They had pushed the Turks out of Europe and had in 1878 launched an invasion of the Holy lands.
By 1878 the German and Austrian Empires had moved their population southward. In Germany's case only outpost were left in what had been Germany. It appeared that the Germanization of the new Austro-German Empire was taking place. A second war started in 1880 between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro German Empire as the two Empires clashed for control of Asia Minor and the Holy lands. It was a war for resources and living space. But it was not a war of extermination. The French were changing the face of North Africa as lakes that had existed millions of years ago reappeared. French engineers were determined to alter things.
Meanwhile in Scandinavia the Norweigan and Swedish populations huddled in the southern most part of both counties and the Finns did the same.
Unbenosted to the British Government there still were people in the British Isles and Ireland. There would be no contact with the British Government for decades.
To the East Russia had also suffered from the Fall its surviving population had moved southward and in some cases eastward. There were border clashes between the Russian Imperial forces and its neighbor.
Large parts of Europe were considered to be uninhabited. There were patrols by the French Foreign Legion and and French Alpine Units in the parts of France that had been evacuated. The Germans maintain some outpost in the evacuated German states but the population with the exception of Southern Bavaria had been moved southward.
No one was exactly sure of the population of the Baltic region or of Finland> it turned out that the Volcano on Iceland helped to keep the island warm enough to thwart the freezing weather that came as a result of the cold.
The late 1870s saw the French push further into the Sahara. The entire clime of North Africa was being changed by the Fall. More rain was falling and lakes began to reappear. The French Foreign Legion pushed eastward into Chad setting up a camp and latter a fort near Lake Chad. The British and French moved to ensure the safety of the Suez Canal. It was amazing that the Austro-Germans had moved into the Holy lands pushing the Turks out of the area.. Many were wondering as to whether the Ottomans and the Austro-German Empire would reach an agreement before another war was triggered
Keep it up, Chris!
The French had no idea when the homeland would be able to be resettled in its whole. Paris was just an outpost held by a detachment of the French Foreign Legion and the French Army. For the most part the coastal region of France was a no go area. Storms had racked the region. A larger military and civilian settlement was at Vichy but the main population centers that remained in France were along the Southern region.
Northern Italy was the same with some Kingdom of Italy outpost but the main population was Rome and south of it. Sardinia and Sicily had seen a growth in population and there was a demand for Italian outpost or settlements in North Africa..
The British and French were worried about the stability of Egypt. The British had sent some military forces to secure the Canal. The Sudan had been under Egyptian control but there was unrest there and both the British Government and the French were concern about it. The result was that France reinforced its position in Chad. The Legionaires had 2 battalions of infantry, company of artillery and a squadron of Chasseurs D Africa.
Talk of the Mardi was enough to get everyone worried.
Portugal: The country had suffered a great deal of damage do to tidal waves caused by The Fall. The interior of the country was in better shape but Lisbon had been hard hit. Still it was the Empire of Brazil that responded to the devastation. Its Emperor dug into his personal fortune and spent money helping to begin the long road to recovery. Hawaii also sent Military engineers to Portugal to see what was the exact extent of the damage and what could be done.. Food clothing. temporary housing were some of the first things carried out. Engineers managed with what machinery could be brought in and Human labor to make a beginning. estimates were that it might take 40-50 years to make everything right.. Among the projects given priority were construction of safe drinking water, new sewers and housing. A new Hospital was established and Hawaii agreed to train medical personnel for Portugal.
The Italians were considering invading Libya but if they didn't hurry they might find that the French arrived before them. The French Military had been fighting a war in North Africa since 1832 but now in addition to the Legion the bulk of the French Imperial Army was in North Africa planting the French flag. There was some co-operation between France and Spain in the war.
While the Italian finally did land in North Africa it was slightly too late. The French military had grabbed part of Libya.
Italy gained territory in Libya but the French had gained the area around the new lake. Many were wondering if the French would apply pressure to get the Italians to give up more territory.
What's the restricted zone in the map?
Something that could be a problem. Basicly I recycled an old map but failed to get the words restricted zone off of it. So for now its problem area with the natives that will require more military manpower.Above map with changes that take place in 1880s.
Activity in Europe remained limited. It appeared that the Ottomans and the Austro-German Empire might be about to clash again over the Middle East and Asia Minor. The Germans had a far more powerful military and there were some on both sides that proposed a compromise. The Italians were now getting set up in their new colony while the French appeared to be continuing to expand.
From 1880 to 1884 the Austro-German Empire fought a war with the Ottomans. Finally a settlement was reached between the two sides ending the state of war between the parties ans allowing the possibility of trade between the nations to exist.
The Ottomans infrastructure had suffered greatly during these past 17 years. A lot of the trains were no longer operational and much needed to be done to set the nation right. The younger army officers had staged a coup resulting in the removal of a lot of corrupt officals. The Sultan was put on notice that changes needed to be made.
The peace Treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-German Empire was welcome by both sides. The Sultan was undering increasing pressure by the New Turk Movement to reform the Empire. The Ottoman Army was not capable of fighting another war. The entire transportation system was on the verge of collapse. The Ottoman Empire had had little capacity to produce the locomotives, rails and railroad cars. Much of the Ottomans communication system was also damaged. The Ottomans had little choice. The only places to possibly buy what was needed were the British Empire ( But the Empire was still straining to meet the needs to expand its transportation system in India, Burma and Malaysia and then there were a need for them in South Africa, Australia), French Empire ( Here again the French industry was busy trying to meet the needs in North Africa, France and Spain) or its former enemy the Austro-German Empire. The Austro German Empire had the spare capacity to both met the needs of the expansion and still sell to others.
Thus the Ottomans agreed to buy from the Austro-German Empire. German Engineers would also help to build a line to Baghdad.
The French and Spanish Governments were transmitting weather data by telegraph lines to Hawaii. There the University of Hawaii Science department was sending them to a new group that studied weather and the effect of The Fall on the Earth's weather.
The Group had mounted several expeditions to Alaska and British Columbia to gather data. The King of Hawaii had supported the group and Crown Prince Albert also supported it. A special ship was being designed. It eas estimated that it would take at least 2-3 years to lock in the design and at least another 5-6 to build it. Still Hawaii was seeking as much information as it could get. The Austro-German Empire's consulate agreed to send the request to the Imperial Chancellor.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Zombies are the undead ideas of my world. They're the one's that didn't make it, the fallen but not forgotten. Biding their time until they rise again.
We were in the middle of an intensive rider recruitment campaign for Deliveroo and needed a big PR push.
Bradley Wiggins, one of the UK's most decorated and well known athletes was about to announce his retirement from competitive cycling.
Maybe he'd be looking for a job?


bibliography * The PainScience Bibliography contains plain language summaries of thousands of scientific papers and others sources, like a specialized blog. This page is about a single scientific paper in the bibliography, Cherkin 2009.
PainSci summary of Cherkin 2009?This page is one of thousands in the PainScience.com bibliography. It is not a general article: it is focused on a single scientific paper, and it may provide only just enough context for the summary to make sense. Links to other papers and more general information are provided at the bottom of the page, as often as possible. ★★☆☆☆?2-star ratings are for studies with flaws, bias, and/or conflict of interest; published in lesser journals. Ratings are a highly subjective opinion, and subject to revision at any time. If you think this paper has been incorrectly rated, please let me know.
BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is a popular complementary and alternative treatment for chronic back pain. Recent European trials suggest similar short-term benefits from real and sham acupuncture needling. This trial addresses the importance of needle placement and skin penetration in eliciting acupuncture effects for patients with chronic low back pain.
METHODS: A total of 638 adults with chronic mechanical low back pain were randomized to individualized acupuncture, standardized acupuncture, simulated acupuncture, or usual care. Ten treatments were provided over 7 weeks by experienced acupuncturists. The primary outcomes were back-related dysfunction (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score; range, 0-23) and symptom bothersomeness (0-10 scale). Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 8, 26, and 52 weeks.
RESULTS: At 8 weeks, mean dysfunction scores for the individualized, standardized, and simulated acupuncture groups improved by 4.4, 4.5, and 4.4 points, respectively, compared with 2.1 points for those receiving usual care (P < .001). Participants receiving real or simulated acupuncture were more likely than those receiving usual care to experience clinically meaningful improvements on the dysfunction scale (60% vs 39%; P < .001). Symptoms improved by 1.6 to 1.9 points in the treatment groups compared with 0.7 points in the usual care group (P < .001). After 1 year, participants in the treatment groups were more likely than those receiving usual care to experience clinically meaningful improvements in dysfunction (59% to 65% vs 50%, respectively; P = .02) but not in symptoms (P > .05).
CONCLUSIONS: Although acupuncture was found effective for chronic low back pain, tailoring needling sites to each patient and penetration of the skin appear to be unimportant in eliciting therapeutic benefits. These findings raise questions about acupuncture's purported mechanisms of action. It remains unclear whether acupuncture or our simulated method of acupuncture provide physiologically important stimulation or represent placebo or nonspecific effects.
"Acupuncture Does Not Work for Back Pain (Part I)," a webpage on ScienceBasedMedicine.org.


text:
Ben Russell (b.1976, USA) is a media artist and curator whose films, installations, and performances foster a deep engagement with the history and semiotics of the moving image. Formal investigations of the historical and conceptual relationships between early cinema, documentary practices, and structuralist filmmaking result in immersive experiences concerned at once with ritual, communal spectatorship and the pursuit of a "psychedelic ethnography."
A 2008 Guggenheim Fellowship and 2010 FIPRESCI award recipient, Ben has had solo screenings and exhibitions at the Centre Georges Pompidou, the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, the Rotterdam Film Festival, the Wexner Center for the Arts, the Viennale, and the Museum of Modern Art. He began the Magic Lantern screening series in Providence, Rhode Island, was co-director of the artist-run space BEN RUSSELL in Chicago, IL, has toured worldwide with film/ video/ performance programs and was named by Cinemascope in 2012 as one of the "50 Best Filmmakers Under 50." Ben lives between the USA and Europe and is currently calling every new location home.
[bio courtesy of the filmmaker]
He Who Eats Children
In Suriname, in a small jungle village, blindfolded girls and boys play a kind of hide-and-seek – the one with the monster who catches and eats children. According to local legend, the monster is the village's only white person, a Dutch man who repairs outboard motors....
(2016) 26 min
In Suriname, in a small jungle village, blindfolded girls and boys play a kind...
Greetings to the Ancestors
Set between Swaziland and South Africa, in a region still struggling with the divisions produced by an apartheid government, GREETINGS TO THE ANCESTORS documents the dream lives of the territory's inhabitants as the borders of consciousness dissolve and expand. Equal parts...
South African Documentary
In a region still struggling with the divisions produced by an apartheid...
Loosely framed by Plato's invocation of the lost continent of Atlantis in 360 BC and its re-re-resurrection via a 1970s science fiction pulp novel, ATLANTIS is a documentary portrait of Utopia (an island that has never/forever existed beneath our too-mortal feet). Herein is folk song and pagan...
A documentary portrait of Utopia loosely framed by Plato's invocation of the lost continent of Atlantis in...
Let Us Persevere in What We Have Resolved Before We Forget
"John Frum prophesied the occurrence of a cataclysm in which Tanna would become flat, the volcanic mountains would fall and fill the river-beds to form fertile plains, and Tanna would be joined to the neighbouring islands of Eromanga and Aneityum to form a new island. Then...
Let Us Persevere in What We Have...
Vanuatu Documentary
John Frum prophesied the occurrence of a cataclysm in which Tanna would become...
Trypps #7 (Badlands)
"Regarding LSD, brass bells, the youth of today, Terence Malick and CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE THIRD KIND, phase cancellation, the Pine Ridge Reservation and the Romantic Sublime." That's how Ben Russell describes this surround sound installment of TRYPPS, an ongoing exploration...
(2010) 9 min
An intensive portrait staged in the Badlands National Park gives way to a...
Let Each One Go Where He May
LET EACH ONE GO WHERE HE MAY is the remarkable debut feature from filmmaker Ben Russell. "And the gods said, they said that this is no way for human beings to live. The gods would help them. 'Let each one go where he may.' So they ran." - Lantifaya Masiakiiki
Surinamese Documentary
LET EACH ONE GO WHERE HE MAY is the remarkable debut feature from filmmaker Ben...
Trypps #6 (Malobi)
From the Maroon village of Malobi in Suriname, South America, this single-take film offers a strikingly contemporary take on a Jean Rouch classic. It's Halloween at the Equator, Andrei Tarkovsky for the jungle set. TRYPPS #6 (MALOBI) is part of Mike Plante's Lunchfilm series...
From the Maroon village of Malobi in Suriname, South America, this single-take...
Black and White Trypps #4
Using a 35mm strip of motion picture slug featuring the recently deceased American comedian Richard Pryor, this extended Rorschach assault on the eyes moves out of a flickering chaos created by incompatible film gauges into a punchline involving historically incompatible...
This extended Rorschach assault on the eyes moves out of a flickering chaos...
Tjúba Tén (The Wet Season)
TJÚBA TÉN/THE WET SEASON is an experimental ethnography recorded in the jungle village of Bendekondre, Suriname at the start of 2007. Composed of community-generated performances, re-enactments and extemporaneous recordings, this film functions doubly as an examination of a...
Brigid McCaffrey, Ben Russell
TJÚBA TÉN/THE WET SEASON is an experimental ethnography recorded in the jungle...
Trypps #5 (Dubai)
A short treatise on the semiotics of capital, happiness and phenomenology under the flickering neon of global capitalism.
A short treatise on the semiotics of capital, happiness and phenomenology under...
Workers Leaving the Factory (Dubai)
115 years later, a(nother) remake of the Lumière Brothers pseudo-actuality film LA SORTIE DES USINES LUMIÈRE. This time around our factory is a job site, a construction site peopled by thousands of Southeast Asian laborers, a neo-Fordist architectural production site that...
115 years later, a(nother) remake of the Lumière Brothers pseudo-actuality film...
The third part in a series of films dealing with naturally-derived psychedelia. Shot during a performance by Rhode Island noise band Lightning Bolt, this film documents the transformation of a rock audience's collective freak-out into a trance ritual of the highest spiritual...
BLACK AND WHITE TRYPPS III documents the transformation of a rock audience's...
J.T. Rogstad, author of The International Exposition, "A fine fine example of spaces between existing as objects themselves. A patternistic and memorializing offering to natural totems. Two kinds of reversal at play involving black and white as well as reflection and overlap....
A fine fine example of spaces between existing as objects themselves. A...
A psychedelic op-art film that references the traditions of hand-painted avant-garde cinema by replacing it with something entirely different. Hypnosis is imminent.
A psychedelic op-art film that references the traditions of hand-painted...
The Red and the Blue Gods
An ethnographic field report in which the Anthropologist describes the mythic creation of an unnamed 'sun-scraping structure' through the ritualized actions of the Red and the Blue Gods. Performed with live narration and sound effects over a pre-recorded soundscape.
An ethnographic field report in which the Anthropologist describes the mythic...
The Twenty-One Lives of Billy the Kid
Shot in the abandoned buildings of Gary, Indiana and the cornfields of Western Illinois, THE TWENTY-ONE LIVES OF BILLY THE KID presents a fractured historical narrative without any real protagonist, one in which the titular character goes mostly unseen: Billy the Kid as the...
THE TWENTY-ONE LIVES OF BILLY THE KID presents a fractured historical narrative...
The Valley of Fire. Oficina Chacabuco. The Calumet Industrial Corridor. From the outskirts of Vegas to the desert ghost towns of Chile: a pinhole travelogue for the world's end, for what was left behind.
The Valley of Fire. Oficina Chacabuco. The Calumet Industrial Corridor. From the outskirts of Vegas to the...
A pinhole film, a cheap robot voice, a makeshift history. An explorer's tale of the unknown part of the world. TERRA INCOGNITA is a lensless film whose cloudy pinhole images create a memory of history. Ancient and modern explorer texts of Easter Island are garbled together by a computer narrator,...
A pinhole film, a cheap robot voice, a makeshift history. TERRA INCOGNITA is a lensless film whose cloudy...
The Breathers-In
Ben Russell's early short pushes silent film narration into uncharted territory. Two women in Victorian dress land in a new country by sea and wander its emptied industrial landscape. They call each other sister and learn to make money. One is diagnosed with scurvy by a...
Two women in Victorian dress land in a new country by sea and wander its...
THE QUARRY is a silent document of four minutes in the presence of the sublime. This small, quiet 16mm film serves as a testament both to cinema's failure to reproduce the lived moment and to its success in replacing that moment with one that is equally wondrous.
Rapa Nuian Short
THE QUARRY is a silent document of five minutes in the presence of the sublime.
The Death of Abraham Lincoln (in Three Parts)
Started in 1998 but completed in 2000, THE DEATH OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN (IN THREE PARTS) is an ahistorical re-enactment of the strange and curious events that led up to the untimely demise of our nation's sixteenth president. Each chapter is loosely connected to the others via a...
The Death of Abraham Lincoln (in...
"[Ben] Russell's work boasts a bracing degree of rigor and vigor." - Jason...
Adaptation / Cinematic
Avant-garde / City Symphony
Avant-garde / Nonobjective
Avant-garde / Silent
Avant-garde / Surrealistic
Documentary / Art / Performing Arts / Music
Documentary / Biography
Documentary / Commerce
Documentary / History
Documentary / Political
Documentary / Process / Cinéma-vérité
Documentary / Social Issues
Documentary / Travelogue
Drama / Costume Drama
Drama / Realism / Docudrama
Independent / Narrative
International / African / South African
International / Americas / North American / American
International / Americas / South American / Surinamese
International / Middle Eastern / Emirati
International / Oceania
International / Oceania / Polynesian / Rapa Nuian
International / Oceania / Vanuatu
Music / Performance
Short / Actuality
Short / Documentary
Short / Narrative
Short / Non-Narrative
Nancy W.
If you have to ask, you haven't seen it. Don't bother.
.< >.
The camera admits cargo. Nature speaks through the mouth of culture. Rhythmic juxtaposition of sound and image. A volcano flexes.
I hope the environment feels okay to you, through your specific granularity. Higher cognitive functions don't come cheap. I have been learning how to couple input with output, as a...
Spruce M.
Hopefully my rating is unfair. For me the film had almost no human interaction, except in the last twenty minutes with what seemed to be communal insanity. No clues were...
What do masochists eat? Sado-nachos.
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On Saturday, December 28th there will be a Lipstick Revolt in Washington, DC. Right off the Green Line's U-Street/Cardoza Stop Tropicalia, located at 2001 14th St. NW, will be hosting an event that highlights amazing women.
The Lipstick Revolt will consist of 4 hours of non-stop interactions including a networking session, panel & discussion, and amazing DJs & performances. Make sure you mark your calendar for an amazing event that supports an amazing cause, creating balance in the world.
Lipstick Revolt is a women empowerment organization set to create balance and understanding between men and women. By highlighting and supporting the women in a community, it creates respect and a cycle of love for one another.
On December 28th, 2013 you will meet amazing women and amazing men who support and work together to make a better surrounding for the future.


Sapna Punjabi-Gupta, a registered dietitian nutritionist and Ayurvedic practitioner in Irving, offers cooking classes and seminars that focus on classic Indian cuisine, and she occasionally takes locals on tours of Indian grocery stores.
Her upcoming tour this month will take place at India Bazaar in Irving, followed by lunch at Our Place Indian restaurant. She loves showing people how to shop for fresh produce, vegetarian protein sources, spices, and flavorful chutneys and pickles.
Sapna Punjabi-Gupta holds some bitter gourd while shopping at the India Bazaar in Irving.
A native of Mumbai, Punjabi-Gupta is a lifelong vegetarian, and her diet is focused on Ayurvedic principles. She primarily eats vegetables, gluten-free grains like rice and millet, and legumes like lentils and beans. "With the growing Indian population in this area, we are so blessed to have so many Indian stores now," she says.
Sapna Punjabi-Gupta grabs some turmeric root while shopping at the India Bazaar in Irving.
Rice: There are many different varieties and brands of rice. Sona masoori is a commonly used medium-grain rice. "Basmati was a luxury growing up," Punjabi-Gupta says.
Grains: Gluten-free grains and flours abound, including chickpea, oat and millet.
Legumes: You'll also find entire aisles of multiple varieties of lentils and beans.
Produce: Punjabi-Gupta goes for bitter gourd, bottle gourd (dudhi), and tindora gherkins (similar to cucumbers) that she often uses in stir fries and tacos. Other top items are ginger and turmeric root, cilantro, fenugreek leaves and mangoes. "Indians love to stock up on their mangoes in the summer," she says.
Spices: Look for turmeric, cumin seeds, coriander, mustard seeds, cardamom, fenugreek seeds, carom seeds and dried mango powder, which is often used for adding tartness and cutting down on salt in dishes. For saffron, "the cashier has it under lock and key, like cigarettes," Punjabi-Gupta says.
Indian Grocery Tour, 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Sunday, April 14. $45 (lunch included). bespiced.com. India Bazaar, 8600 N. MacArthur Blvd., Irving.
Sapna Punjabi-Gupta at the India Bazaar in Irving.
Sapna Punjabi-Gupta checks out the green raw mango at the India Bazaar in Irving.
Sapna Punjabi-Gupta picks up some bottle gourd at the India Bazaar in Irving.
Sapna Punjabi-Gupta shops at the India Bazaar in Irving.


Ghanamma.com is an online media company running an international, interactive and multimedia platform, with a particular focus on Ghana. The Website is updated 24 hours a day, seven days a week with follow-ups and breaking news.
Ghanamma.com is a voice of, by and about Ghana – producing and distributing news and information items daily from over 40 news organizations and our own reporters to the Ghanaian and global public. We operate from Ghana, London and Frankfurt.
The aim of Ghanamma.com is to inform each and every person having some interest in Ghana about the multiple facets of the Country and the continent and contribute to the struggle for a better country and future. We will hold those entrusted with power accountable for its daily exercise and advocate for justice and human rights. We will be relentless in our pursuit of the truth with un-biased and investigative journalism.
You can advertise with us. Just go to our Advertising page for our advertising rates and Options.


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The pitch black darkness was filled with the repulsive stench of sweat and suffocating heat. From within, Sungchul could hear sounds of breathing. It was a whistling sound caused by phlegm obstructing the throat, like that of an ox due to congestion or the quick panting like a captured rabbit. The sounds of breathing were as diverse as a human fingerprint.
Sungchul closed his eyes and tried to identify the sound of his own breathing. It was calm and without breaks like always. He had been tortured all night and could no longer feel his shoulder on one side, but his will was not broken.
He could hear the voice of a cold man beyond the darkness. The various sounds of breathing that could be heard from all over ceased, followed by the loud and clear but nonetheless accursed sound of a trumpet that pierced through the darkness.
The iron gate in front opened up. The bright sun that had been hidden away stabbed at the eyes of the gladiators like a hook. Sungchul used the palm of his hand to lessen the intensity as he squinted and glared at those who took their places beyond the light.
In the midst of the arena booming with the thunderous cheer of the crowds, Sungchul spotted his next opponents. It was a race of long apelike arms, wide shoulders, and tusks like those of a boar. They were Orcs.
They wore heavy armor with sharp sword tips jutting out the front of their shields and stood in formation as they awaited the gladiators. Despair settled in the eyes of the gladiators, and this despair was soon reflected in their actions. Some pissed themselves out of fear, others sought their mothers as their legs gave out, and some gave immediate joy to the audience as they became bloody pulps by the magic of the guards as they tried to run back out. They hadn't even clashed swords yet, but the numerous gladiators were not in fighting shape.
Krumbui, the sentient sword held within his hand, mockingly taunted him. It would most definitely be a tough battle, and as Krumbui had said, he might even die this time. Sungchul felt his dislocated shoulder ache as he gripped his sword tighter.
The leader of the Orcs recognized Sungchul and howled like a beast as he pounded his sword against his own shield.
The fervent crowd that had filled the colosseum to capacity erupted in a torrent-like roar. Sungchul ran toward the orc leader amidst the sound of drums. Sword met sword and blood and fire splattered chaotically in every direction, and a pair of yellow eyes filled to the brim with malice hovered before Sungchul's eyes.
Soon the sound of the drum that indicated the end of combat could be heard faintly above the arena. The citizens of the Holy Kingdom of Rutheginea rose to their feet from the adrenaline of combat as they poured out appraisal stained with praises and curses at the man that stood tall above the battlefield.
Sungchul turned back with the sound of Krumbui's praise and passed the city of blood and corpses to the darkness of the waiting room.
Her words might have sounded malicious, but to Sungchul, there was a bit of nostalgia within it.
Something akin to electricity passed through his entire body as though he was electrocuted before he raised his head again to turn toward the lady smiling at him, but her face held in his eyes blurred once again as though the glass had fogged up.
A bitter taste of thick disappointment spread across his tongue. Sungchul felt the world around him fall apart as he called out the name of the girl fading away.
Sungchul soundlessly opened his eyes and rose from the bed. Bertelgia who had been at the edge of the bed flew toward him and sparked up some conversation.
Sungchul swept up his disheveled hair and inspected his condition first. There were no wounds or abnormalities. He had spent his time unconscious in safety. He felt relieved internally and looked at his surroundings.
"Where is this place?" asked Sungchul.
Sungchul sat dumbly as he tried to recall the series of events before his consciousness cut off.
It was actually some miraculous luck to have met someone with good intentions who was willing to lend a hand in this hellish area filled with Human Empire informants and Aquiroa's werewolves roaming about. Sungchul carefully inspected his body as he sat on the edge of the bed while looking about the room. It was a small and pitiful house with nothing much that stood out.
The floorboards were made up of rotting planks that would creak when he stepped on them and cobwebs were hanging off the corners of the ceiling like dust. Sungchul turned his gaze toward the table and furniture beside the bed. Common household wares such as dishes, silverware, books and the like could be seen. Other than the thick reading glasses laying by the entrance, a majority of the items were cheap and none of the items looked to be of any value.
Sungchul decided to grant him a formidable compensation for saving him when all of a sudden something interesting caught his eye. It was a shield that was situated on the wall behind him from where he sat, where he had to turn all the way around to get a glimpse. The shield itself was junk that was plain and of inferior quality, but the insignia carved onto the shield had meaning that couldn't be carelessly overlooked. A crescent moon half submerged in a black horizon. Sungchul felt shocked like he had been hit on the head with a hammer.
Kukurin's Moon. The cursed insignia was once regarded as a symbol of terror and tyranny across the entirety of the continent had once again revealed its unmistakable form before Sungchul. At that moment, the sound of coughing could be heard from outside.
It was the monk he had met before. The monk felt around the table with practiced hands to find and put on his reading glasses as he entered the house and sat on his rocking chair, reclining comfortably before looking toward Sungchul.
before lighting it. Sungchul kept his silence while the middle-aged man lit the fire. Sungchul spoke after a bit of time had passed.
It appeared as though he had searched through Sungchul's pocket. Sungchul laughed bitterly as he pulled out every gold coin held in his pocket and pushed them toward the monk. Among those, he didn't forget to gather all the unmarked coins minted by the Coalition of Merchants together and crushed them into the shape of bullion bars with his hand.
The middle-aged man's jaw dropped at this sight. It was pocket change to Sungchul, but to the monk, it was a vast amount of wealth that would allow him to live prosperously for many years. Sungchul wanted to give a bit more compensation from the bottom of his heart, but such excessive generosity would only cause suspicion so he stopped here. Instead, he looked at the shield hanging in the corner of the room engraved with the Holy Kingdom of Rutheginea's coat of arms and abruptly asked a question.
The monk breathed in deeply from the pipe before nodding.
He had been engaged in thick battle with the Holy Kingdom of Rutheginea for more than five years. Why wouldn't he be unaware of that name? He clearly remembered the ferocious charge of the griffon knights from the left flank of the allied forces during the Battle of La Grange. If Shamal Rajput hadn't employed his specialty, battlefield assassinations, to take the head of the Colonel in one strike, the battle would have dragged on forever.
Sungchul spoke as though he had heard stories from others while looking at the Baron's slightly crooked wing past the slightly open door.
The monk grinned. Was it because a portion of his past had been acknowledged? He had a very satisfied face as he took a drag from his pipe and exhaled. The monk rose from his seat as the faint smoke escaped through the stovepipe hanging from the ceiling. He began to dig through the drawers as though to share something with Sungchul until he pulled out a worn gold ring. It was a seal.
The driver shook his head at Sungchul's question. He walked to and opened the lattice window and looked out at the village beyond. Outside the window stood the picturesque village of Toporo with the Tower of Recluse in the background.
It was a story that even Sungchul hadn't heard of as it was only after the Scripture of Calamity was invoked that he found his way to the Tower. He naturally would have no knowledge of the previous situation.
The monk began to say something but stopped himself. His wrinkled eyes seemed to glimmer with remorse for a moment.
A man that had once been a lord was now a cripple who lived like a beggar with his gryphon. In the end, something unsavory must have occurred. Something that couldn't be resolved with words.
Sungchul would have easily ignored most people's issues, but he was now indebted to the monk. It was unintentional, but it was quite a large debt. In turn, he would help in any way that he could.
Sungchul thought as such as he looked at the old man with calm eyes, but it seemed like there was nothing Sungchul could do. The old man made an unpleasant expression and replied negatively.
The monk let out a sigh before rising from his seat. His actions and gestures looked as though he didn't wish to speak on this further, and Sungchul soon realized it was now time for him to leave. He also stood up.
The old man nodded. He took off his glasses and placed it on the table before stepping out of the house first. He got onto the cart pulled by Baron and took a tight grip of his reins.
The monk's jovial laughter filled the road.
Bertelgia spoke candidly, but Sungchul saw the monk off until he left his sight. When the monk disappeared from view, Sungchul raised his head and looked toward the opposite direction. The pure white airship was floating arrogantly in the distant skies.
Thanks, but what's happening with master k?
Author's rewriting MHK, so they're waiting for the author to make another chapter to TL.
"Sungchul felt shocked like he had been hit on the head with a hammer." LOL, Sungchul would barely even feel beeing hit on the head with a hammer, unless it's wielded by someone with at least transcendant strength stat.
There is a bit of a disconnect from last chapter can some one explain what is happening?
Well while in the tower of recluse, Sungchul got some sort of vision, and then started to feel weak. He left the tower and soon fell down and saw a griffon before falling unconscious ( Then we see Ahmuge coming to the town searching for Sungchul ).
The griffon belonged to the monk who had given him a ride earlier, and the kind man helped Sungchul out.
As for the gladiators and all, they are just a dream Sungchul had, probably a dream about his past.
He fainted last chapter. This chapter he dreams of his past.
Thanks for the chapter, good to see more of the MC past.
This people that help hims and give blight of hope must be the thing he should shoulder if its worthy saving this f*ck*ng world.


Grace has recived a Trinity College ATCL in Piano Performance, under the tutelage of Connie Chow (student of Choi Sown Le ), She has over 20 years of experience teaching piano Outstanding student achievement, and often participate in public performances and competitions.
In ABRSM Aural test, her experiences more than 20 years, the number of students has got a perfect score.
About the ABRSM Theory Test, Grace has over 20 years of teaching experience, she has a personal teaching methods, so that students understand music theory in a short course, get excellent grades in exams.
Grace is also one of the designated accompaniment Mike Chau mentor.


VivaColombia is considering removing the seats from its planes in an effort to lower flight prices.
Just when you thought budget airlines couldn't get any more uncomfortable, VivaColombia is considering plans to remove all seats from its planes and make passengers stand. Removing the seats will give the airline more room to squeeze in passengers, which in turn should reduce flight costs.
The budget airline is adding fifty new Airbus 320's to its fleet. A move that will put it at the front of the country's growing tourism market. The soon to be added planes will have lower running costs and more seats than the previous aircraft. The first of the new planes will start flying in 2018. While there are no serious plans to start ripping the seats out of planes, it isn't the first time the idea has been floated around.
More than a decade ago, Airbus worked on a concept that would allow passengers to be strapped to a vertical seat. And in 2010, Ryanair toyed with the idea. At the time, Ryanair CEO, Michael O'Leary was quoted as saying, a plane is "just a b----- bus with wings", he said, "If there ever was a crash on an aircraft, God forbid, a seatbelt won't save you. You don't need a seatbelt on the London Underground. You don't need a seatbelt on trains which are traveling at 120mph." He likened standing plane 'seats' to barstool with seat belts.
No aviation authorities, in any country have approved any designs for vertical seats. Colombian Civil Aviation Director Alfredo Bocanegra told RCN radio that he does not approve of the idea, saying. "People have to travel like human beings," he said. "Anyone who had ridden on public mass transport knows that it's not the best when you're standing." It is difficult to imagine the concept would be popular with consumers except the shortest of flights.
Why Don't Airplane Seats Line Up with the Windows?
Unless the design of the 'standing seat' really strapped you to a pole, standing during a flight just seems really dangerous and tiring. Some degree of turbulence is experienced on almost all flights. Even the slightest mid-air movement could cause chaos on a standing flight.


I feel strong today. Not the muscles in my arms but my body and will power. Had a great exercise time this morning and tonight. This morning I got some weight training in before getting the HIIT in. I didn't feel particularly strong during them but I made it through 8 reps. Tonight I went roller-blading for 8 miles. It was a little difficult going the one direction as I had a pretty good wind to go against. I was hoping to go for 10 but my body was telling me it had had enough and I knew I should be getting home. One interesting thing is that I happened to look down at my gut and it hit me how much it has shrunk. I still have it but it's getting smaller. That thought makes me smile.
Today was an interesting day at work. Training all morning with 8 venders and then there was pizza offered for lunch. Pizza Hut pizza. I walked away. I had prepared a lunch for the day without knowing this was going to be offered and I just didn't need the pizza anymore. I've always loved Pizza Hut pizza but I know more now about the calories and fat that is in that stuff and I won't do it. Temptation came back again during the afternoon breaks as they were trying to get rid of the rest of the pizza. I didn't budge. I like where I'm going and there is no looking back, not even at the fat I'm leaving behind.
This entry was posted in Exercise, Exercise Bike, Health, Weight Loss and tagged HIIT, pizza on June 24, 2009 by Ehren.
and I am so sore…. I felt strong after the weights and carried myself through 10 repetitions of HIIT before cooling down. Everything felt pretty good until I got to work. My walk into work was when I first noticed the soreness. As I sat for longer periods of time it got worse. It wasn't noticable when I walked. I pushed through it until everything loosened up but after a while I learned I had to get up every once in a while to walk around. My stomach was acting strange today too. I have no idea what it was but we'll see if it happens again on Wednesday when I try this again. I still was able to get in an hour walk tonight walking with weights.
Tomorrow morning will be back on the exercise bike. One thing I'm going to work on tonight is getting to bed early. Today just dragged and I was dragging. I need to have rest to make tomorrow a better day.
This entry was posted in Circuit Training, Exercise, Exercise Bike, Health, Journal, Treadmill, Weight Loss and tagged HIIT on June 8, 2009 by Ehren.
My plan is warm up for 5 minutes on the treadmill, then do 20 minutes of weights, the 20 minutes of HIIT. I was first thinking of going for 2 weeks to see what the results are but maybe I'll push it to 3 just to be sure.
This is not a panic move (at least I don't think so) to increase my weight loss that has slowed down of late. I'm pleased that it is still coming off and very happy that my mindset has not changed. This is the life I want and I won't quit on this no matter how long it takes. I just want to find what works and what doesn't and you never know unless you try it.
Both are blogs with video and I love watching these quick, specialized video blogs on the internet. I'll post more as I come across them.
This entry was posted in Circuit Training, Health, Journal, Treadmill, Weight Loss and tagged HIIT on June 7, 2009 by Ehren.


text:
Q: Converting between $T_1$ and $T_2$ Given that every $T_2$ space is a $T_1$ space, is it possible to start with a $T_1$ space and to specify in terms of its sets a family of additional sets sufficient to make that $T_1$ space into a $T_2$ space? If so, can this be done for any $T_1$ space or only particular ones?

A: Here's an example of a $T_1$ space whose topology $\tau$ has no minimal Hausdorff extension that bears much resemblance to $\tau$ and that has at least two minimal Hausdorff extensions that are not comparable in the lattice of topologies on the underlying set.
Let $\mathscr{E}$ be the usual topology on $\Bbb Q$. Let $\mathscr{E}_0=\{U\in\mathscr{E}:0,1\notin U\}$ and
$$\mathscr{B}=\mathscr{E}_0\cup\{\Bbb Q\setminus F:F\subseteq\Bbb Q\setminus\{0\}\text{ is finite}\}\cup\{\Bbb Q\setminus F:F\subseteq\Bbb Q\setminus\{1\}\text{ is finite}\}\;;$$
$\mathscr{B}$ is a base for a $T_1$ topology $\tau$ on $\Bbb Q$. $\langle\Bbb Q,\tau\rangle$ is not Hausdorff, however, since $0\in\operatorname{cl}U$ for every non-empty $U\in\tau$. Clearly $\tau\subseteq\mathscr{E}$. Suppose that $\tau'$ is a Hausdorff topology on $\Bbb Q$ such that $\tau\subseteq\tau'\subseteq\mathscr{E}$. In '$T_\nu$-Abgeschlossenheit und $T_\nu$-Minimalität', Mathematische Zeitschrift $88$ $(1965)$, $285$-$294$, Horst Herrlich showed that $\mathscr{E}$ contains no coarser minimal Hausdorff topology, and it follows immediately that the same is true of $\tau'$. In particular, $\tau'$ is not minimal Hausdorff.
It's still possible, of course, that $\tau$ can be extended to a minimal Hausdorff topology that is not contained in $\mathscr{E}$. However, Theorem $5.2$ of Jack Porter & Johannes Vermeer, 'Spaces with coarser minimal Hausdorff topologies', Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. $289$, Nr. $1$, $59$-$71$, says that a countable Hausdorff space that has a coarser minimal Hausdorff topology is scattered. Since $\Bbb Q$ is countable, this means that if $\tau'\supseteq\tau$ is a minimal Hausdorff topology, then $\langle\Bbb Q,\tau'\rangle$ is a scattered space and therefore bears very little resemblance to $\langle\Bbb Q,\tau\rangle$.
For instance, we can construct $\tau'$ from $\tau$ by isolating every point of $\Bbb Q\setminus\{0\}$; then $\langle\Bbb Q,\tau'\rangle$ is compact Hausdorff and hence minimal Hausdorff. But we can just as well construct $\tau''$ from $\tau$ by isolating every point of $\Bbb Q\setminus\{1\}$: it's minimal Hausdorff for the same reason, and it's not comparable with $\tau'$ in the lattice of topologies on $\Bbb Q$.

A: I suspect that every way of doing this is somehow either arbitrary or trivial.
Suppose we have an operation $\mathcal{H}$, such that if $(X, T)$ is a T1 space
then $T \subset \mathcal{H}(T)$ and $(X, \mathcal{H}(T))$ is a T2 space.
Suppose furthermore that this operation preserves symmetry, in the sense that if
$f: X \to X$ is a homeomorphism of $(X, T)$ to itself, then it is also a homeomorphism of
$(X, \mathcal{H}(T))$ to itself.
Finally, suppose that the operation is monotone, in the sense that if $T \subset T'$, then
$\mathcal{H}(T) \subset \mathcal{H}(T')$.
With these, apparently reasonable, assumptions it is already unavoidable that $(X, \mathcal{H}(T))$
is discrete, whatever $T$ is. To see this, consider the cofinite topology. It is T1
and every bijection is a homeomorphism. The only T2 topology with the property
that every bijection is a homeomorphism is the discrete one.  Since the cofinite topology
is the coarsest T1 topology and the discrete topology is the finest of all,
monotonicity then demands that $\mathcal{H}$ makes every T1 topology discrete.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Fully fitted kitchen with dishwasher, washer/dryer machine, fridge, freezer, microwave, electric hob and oven.
Lounge/dining area has a large screen TV with freeview, DVD player, music system and Bluetooth speaker.
One twin bedroom, one king size double with en suite and a large shower and hairdryer.
One bathroom with shower over bath.
Enclosed back garden with decking, washing line and large fire pit.
Ample parking for 2 plus vehicles out the front.
Comhla is opposite Te Bheag and can be booked together on request sleeping a total of 12 people.


Home/Saddles/Barrel Racing Saddles/14" SALVADOR BARREL 5 PC PKG by Tough-1 MEDIUM ANTIQUE 14"
The Salvador collection features hand carved floral tooling with hand painted flowers and sugar skull. Copper conchos with iridescent Swarovksi crystals accent the set. Premium breastcollar with brown fringe, browband headstall with flared cheeks and fringe accents, noseband, and spur straps complete the collection.


text:
Campus Reform | 'The science shows that classroom learning is safe': University commits to in-person learning
'The science shows that classroom learning is safe': University commits to in-person learning
The University of Louisville recently doubled down on its decision to pursue in-person classes this semester.
The university told Campus Reform that 'the university's commitment to face-to-face instruction was made in the best interest of our students.'
Wednesday, January 12, 2022 3:00 PM
While many universities are shifting back to online learning this semester due to the COVID-19 pandemic, one university is standing strong in its decision to resume classes in person.
On Jan. 9, the University of Louisville published a statement on the school's website breaking down the school's decision to pursue in-person learning.
"After careful, ongoing review and significant discussion of the issues Omicron presents, we plan to continue in-person instruction and normal business operations this semester," the statement reads.
[RELATED: Duke, Princeton, more universities impose delays, new restrictions due to Omicron]
One of the main reasons the school is following through with in-person instruction is because "more than 91 percent of our students, faculty and staff have been vaccinated (the vast majority being fully vaccinated). Many have also received their booster shot, and we are working to gain access to those numbers."
John R. Karman III, the university's executive director of communications, provided Campus Reform with a statement that reaffirms the school's decision to remain in-person this semester.
"The university's commitment to face-to-face instruction was made in the best interest of our students. In-room instruction has been deemed safe, particularly for vaccinated individuals, and students in general perform much better when courses are offered face-to-face," the statement reads.
Additionally, the university states that, "[b]ecause the science shows that classroom learning is safe and more effective, we feel it is vital to provide the best educational experience possible for our students."
[RELATED: Nation's largest public university system goes remote, introduces new COVID restrictions]
Yahoo! News recently reported that not all students and staff members are on board with the university's decision.
"[M]ore than 500 professors, staff, students, parents and other community members have signed a petition to allow courses to be offered online," the outlet reported yesterday.
Despite the backlash, the University of Louisville asserted that any violations of the school's expectations "may result in discipline."


Describe two to three strategies to address this nutrition, health, or safety concern. Support your ideas with a reference to at least one outside source and be sure to cite that source. Your discussion post should be at least 200 words in length.
Discusses how gluten free meals can be incorporated into school menus, how schools can educate parents on childhood obesity, and food safety and sanitation with food workers.


text:
Q: Is using OPENXML() the best way to transform data in an XML Column to Rows and Columns? I have a SQL Server table with a column of type XML. The XML data represents multiple allowable selections for a given field. An example of the XML data is as follows.
<Values>
    <Value>Valid Value 1</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 2</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 3</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 4</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 5</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 6</Value>
    ...
</Values>

I am using the following code to extract the data from the XML column and transforming it into rows that can be inserted into a new table.
DECLARE @XmlStuff VARCHAR(4000);
DECLARE @iXmlStuff int;

SELECT @XmlStuff = CAST(C.ValidValues AS VARCHAR(4000))
FROM dbo.ColumnValidations C
WHERE C.[ColumnName] = 'Something';

EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @iXmlStuff OUTPUT, @XmlStuff;

SELECT *
FROM OPENXML(@iXmlStuff, '/Values/Value', 2)
WITH ([Value] VARCHAR(100) '.');

EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @iXmlStuff;

This code is correctly returning the following
Value
----------------
Valid Value 1
Valid Value 2
Valid Value 3
Valid Value 4
Valid Value 5
Valid Value 6
...

Is this the best way of doing this?
What I have here, I think,  will need to be in a stored procedure. Ideally I am looking for a way of doing this where I don't have to worry about losing data because of a buffer overflow due to an unforeseen quantity of data contained in the xml column.

A: OPENXML(), and its companions sp_xml_preparedocument/sp_xml_removedocument is a proprietary Microsoft API. It is kept just for backward
compatibility with the obsolete SQL Server 2000. SQL Server 2005 onwards supports w3c's XQuery 1.0, XPath 2.0, and XSD 1.0.
SQL
-- DDL and sample data population, start
DECLARE @tbl Table (ID INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, xmldata XML);
INSERT INTO @tbl (xmldata) VALUES
(N'<Values>
    <Value>Valid Value 1</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 2</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 3</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 4</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 5</Value>
    <Value>Valid Value 6</Value>
</Values>');
-- DDL and sample data population, end

SELECT ID
    , c.value('.','VARCHAR(100)') AS Result
FROM @tbl CROSS APPLY xmldata.nodes('/Values/Value/text()') AS t(c);

Output
+----+---------------+
| ID |    Result     |
+----+---------------+
|  1 | Valid Value 1 |
|  1 | Valid Value 2 |
|  1 | Valid Value 3 |
|  1 | Valid Value 4 |
|  1 | Valid Value 5 |
|  1 | Valid Value 6 |
+----+---------------+


text:
Sonic the Hedgehog er en amerikansk action-komediefilm fra 2020, baseret på Sega's mest berømte spillefigur og maskot, Sonic the Hedgehog.

Oprindeligt var det meningen at filmen skulle have haft præmiere i november 2019, men pga. utilfredse fans, der var vrede efter den første trailer til filmen, blev datoen udsat til februar 2020.

Medvirkende
 Ben Schwartz som Sonic the Hedgehog, et pindsvin fra en anden planet, der bliver nødt til at bo på jorden, resten af sit liv.
 Jim Carrey som Dr. Ivo Eggman (Robotnik), en gal videnskabsmand, der vil prøve at fange Sonic.
 James Marsden som Tom Wachowski, en landbetjent, der er sherif i en lille landsby i Montana.
 Tika Sumpter som Maddie Wachowski, Toms kone.
 Neal McDonough som Major Bennington, en militærleder, der får til opgave at fange Sonic.
 Lee Majdoub som Agent Stone, en assistent, der arbejder for Dr. Robotnik.
 Adam Pally som Wade Whipple, politiassistent og Toms kollega.
 Frank C. Turner som Carl, indbygger i landsbyen Green Hills.
 Natasha Rothwell som Rachel, Maddie's søster.
 Colleen Villard, som Tails, en ræv fra en anden planet, som i slutningen af filmen leder efter Sonic.

Kritik af Sonics design
I starten af maj 2019 efter at traileren til filmen var blevet lagt ud på YouTube, var mange Sonicfans utilfredse, fordi de syntes at Sonic så forkert ud i designet. Flere af dem lavede endda versioner af traileren, hvor de havde puttet den rigtige Sonic ind i. Den 2. maj 2019 annoncerede filmens instruktør Jeff Fowler på Twitter, at Sonic ville blive redesignet som svar på tilbageslag fra publikum. Filmens udgivelsesdato for november forblev oprindeligt uændret, hvilket medførte bekymring for, at en designoverhaling af hovedpersonen ville medføre, at de visuelle effekter blev overanstrengt, men den 24. maj 2019 meddelte Fowler på Twitter, at filmen blev udsat til den 14. februar, 2020.

I november 2019, udgav Paramount Pictures en ny version af traileren, hvor Sonic var blevet redigeret til at ligne originalen mere og med det samme fik den mange likes. Sonic filmen var reddet.

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 2020
Familiefilm
Film baseret på spil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Here is the situation: say you need to burn a gigantic amount of data that could require several DVDs. You don't know how many disks you will need but you want to carry out the job using the fewest number of disks as possible. If you try to calculate the space used by each folder and files, and then try to organize them into chunks that would fit on a DVD and at the same time try to achieve the best fit, it will probably drive you crazy.
In order save time and keep your sanity intact, you can use one of these two software that will do the thinking and calculations for you. You simply select the files you want to copy, tell it the media you have, and then let it decide how to distribute the files on the media in a way so as to leverage all the available disc space.
The first one we will look at is called Burn to the brim.
Burn to the brim (BTTB) uses different algorithm to analyze the files and folders in a folder you specify, and group them in the best possible way. The first priority is to fill the media to the brim, second is to minimize the number of items (so the larger, harder to fit items are filled first followed by the smaller items to 'fill the gaps').
When you start the program for the first time you will notice that there is no option for DVD under Media. You have to create the DVD media yourself. To do this, click on Add and enter the highlighted values as shown in the screenshot below. Other values will be taken by the program automatically.
Once the new media is created, select it and click on Start. Now add the folders you want to burn. Immediately, the program will start to scan and determine the best arrangement of files for the selected media type. When it's completed processing the files, you will see a list of discs that will need to be created. The amount of space filled is shown in percentage within parenthesis.
Each of these disks could now be converted into ISO image files which you can then burn using any disk burning program.
BTTB has additional options like the ability to split and rearrange folders, copy empty files and folders or move the files to another location to be burned.
The second program named SizeMe functions identically. You can select any media type - floppies, CDs, DVDs and also create custom sized media. Like BTTB, it can split folders if allowed by the user to better fit into a disk.
Once the list of disks are created, you can convert them into an image files or copy or move the files to another location.
However, there is one major flaw with both the programs - you can't scan multiple folders at the same time. This means that all items you want to burn must be collected first under a single directory, although there can be multiple sub-folders. But you cannot select two-three folders together and let the program scan the contents.
Both the program are pretty old and hasn't been updated for years, but they work surprisingly well on Windows 7.
You can also use Filebot for the same purpose: under the Analyze tab there's a split tab to the right, if you simply drag'n'drop the folders/folder you want it'll split the files into separate folders.


text:
Home News Gardai seeks public's help in tracing man wanted for Buncrana robberies
Gardai seeks public's help in tracing man wanted for Buncrana robberies
There have been another two robberies in Buncrana.
Last night a premises on the town's main street was broken into while a house in the Gransha area was also targeted.
There were a further four robberies in the town at the weekend. One man has been arrested and charged - he remains in custody.
Gardai are now keen to speak to a second man who they believe was involved in a number of the robberies that remain unsolved.
He was born circa 1993, is 5ft 7 of medium to stocky build and has a freckled complexion - he is know to have access to a mountain bike and number of addresses in Buncrana.
Superintendent Eugene McGovern made this appeal on The Shaun Doherty Show:
[podcast]http://www.highlandradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/eugne1pmAPPEAL.mp3[/podcast]
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(Guitar Collection). transparent guide & functionality notes that will help you grasp 35 blues tunes: your entire Love * increase increase * Born less than a foul signal * go highway Blues * daily i've got the Blues * obtained My Mo Jo operating * I Ain't bought You * i am Tore Down * i am Your Hoochie Coochie guy * Killing flooring * delight and pleasure * Statesboro Blues * candy domestic Chicago * the fun Is long past * more!
Gospel song used to be an important a part of not just who Elvis turned as a guy, yet as an artist in addition. As Elvis mania maintains to eat iteration after new release in the course of the global, lovers nonetheless crave new insights into the individual of Elvis Presley. This booklet takes a glance at his roots and the function of gospel in his foundational years, in addition to the relief, solace, and energy it provided him within the years of his meteoric upward push in attractiveness.
This ebook used to be switched over from its actual variation to the electronic layout through a group of volunteers. you could locate it at no cost on the net. buy of the Kindle variation contains instant delivery.
A SilverTonalities association! effortless be aware kind Sheet MusicLetter Names of Notes embedded in every one Notehead!
INDEX:Piccola Musica di Notte / Sinfonia No forty / Concerto in line with violino in l. a. (CK 219) / Marcia Turca / Minuetto (Opera Don Giovanni) / Romanza (Concerto consistent with piano No 20 okay. 466) / Danza Tedesca (K. V. 509) / Danza Tedesca (K. 602 No three) / Concerto in step with piano No 21 (Andante) / Minuetto (Piccola Musica di Notte) / Andante (Sonata ok.


Judge Loya's death, one of the most controversial topics of this and the previous year has turned another interesting corner, as petitions that are seeking independent probe in the death of Loya wll be now heard by Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra, Justice A.M. Khanwilkar and Justice D.Y. Chandrachud on Monday. The issue of Loya's death became even more controversial when four judges,J. Chelameswar, by Justice Ranjan Gogoi, Justice M.B. Lokur and Justice Kurian Joseph from the supreme court held a press conference a week ago, an action which was unprecedented and caused a lot of finger pointing against the supreme court, and the chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra himself.
They had pleaded with the country to save the constitution as they felt that not everything was right in the working of the court and how the cases were handed to the justices. Even as the case has been dragged to the media spotlight time and again, B.H Loya's son, Anuj Loya had also recently the media, saying that his father died of natural causes and they don't have a suspicion of someone else's hand in his demise. He also asked media and other to not politicized his father's death, telling the media that he had been in turmoil after his death and could not think to make proper decisions at that time.
Judge Loya had died while he was still hearing the integral, and very controversial Shohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter case, after he was replaced, the new judge gave the prime accused, Amit Shah a clean chit. This has indeed been one of the most worrying part of the whole situation, which is why the case has become public so quickly and doesn't seem to have any end for now.


Lara Boffa is a London-based blogger, columnist, writer, YouTuber and EU interpreter with an unhealthy obsession with Paris, Chanel, white shirts and chili. Playing on the team of 'style' rather than 'fashion', Lara blogs on www.boffism.com about the love for anything born from a creative process.
Whereas the transition from 'runway' to 'everyday' is a natural one for many beauty trends, others find it harder to bag themselves an appearance in our beauty habits.