text:
Reps. Matsui, LaTourette Introduce Complete Streets Bill
By Tanya Snyder
A bill to provide Americans with more transportation choices than just driving is one step closer to becoming law. Reps. Doris Matsui (D-CA) and Steve LaTourette (R-OH) just introduced the Safe and Complete Streets Act of 2011 [PDF]. The bill doesn't have a number yet.
A complete street accommodates all road users, not just motorists. Photo: ##http://urbanmilwaukee.com/2009/04/30/complete-street-makeover-for-s-2nd-street/##Urban Milwaukee##
The bill mandates the consideration of the "safety and convenience" of all users in "all phases of project planning and development. State DOTs and metropolitan planning organizations would have to take "pedestrians, bicyclists, public transit users, children, older individuals, individuals with disabilities, motorists, and freight vehicles" into account when developing transportation projects.
Rep. Matsui said in a statement:
Especially at a time when gas prices are putting enormous pressure on the pocketbooks of American consumers, more and more people are looking for alternatives to driving. However, far too often, our roads are designed with one thing in mind – trying to move vehicle traffic as quickly as possible. The risks of such design are apparent in the number of pedestrian and bicyclist deaths and injuries we see every year, and often discourage more people from considering other transportation methods. By completing our streets, we can open up our roadways to pedestrians and cyclists – helping to ease congestion and providing an alternative to gas powered vehicles. In doing so, we take strides to fight air pollution and global warming and improve our public health and safety.
LaTourette's support for complete streets came as a result of advocates flooding his office with complaints after he ridiculed bicycling as a mode of transportation and a jobs engine in a committee hearing last year. Perhaps if he'd never made those disparaging remarks he would never have discovered the groundswell of support for active transportation and wouldn't be the complete streets champion he is today.
Rep. Steve LaTourette (R-OH) co-sponsored the bill. Photo: ##http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0609/23561.html##Politico/John Shinkle##
The bill would require that states and metropolitan planning organizations craft and adhere to a complete streets policy, with guidance from the USDOT, that would apply to all federally funded projects. States or MPOs would need senior-level approval and documentation to get an exemption. It doesn't apply to existing roads or new projects whose planning is already well underway.
The bill also calls on the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board to publish new accessibility standards for pedestrian facilities.
A similar bill was introduced in 2009 with stronger penalties, modeled on seat belt provisions, for non-compliance. Advocates got some pushback on that and let them go this time around.
The Safe and Complete Streets Act is a "marker" bill, meaning it's not expected to pass as a standalone bill. "It gives us an opportunity to talk about what we want to see in the final authorization bill," said Barbara McCann of the National Complete Streets Coalition.
The bill's introduction comes just a week after the Coalition released its report on complete streets policies from around the country. "It shows how broad and deep the complete streets movement has become," said McCann. "These communities need federal investments, also, to take into account the needs of all users. This isn't something coming down from the top, it's coming up from the bottom."
Reps. Matsui and LaTourette are circulating a "Dear Colleague" letter [PDF], urging other members of Congress to sign on to the bill. "As Congress moves to update the nation's transportation priorities," they wrote, "it is essential that we make policy changes to ensure our transportation investments create streets and roads that are safe for everyone who uses them whether they are driving, walking, riding a bicycle, or getting on a bus." Advocates can send the letter to their representatives and ask them to co-sponsor the bill.
Filed Under: Complete Streets, House of Representatives
3 thoughts on Reps. Matsui, LaTourette Introduce Complete Streets Bill
Steven Vance says:
What is the language of this bill?
Complete Streets policies tend to have weak or no guidelines on implementation – all compliance is measured on whether or not all road users were "considered" in the design.
Zufechten says:
I assume this will only apply to federal aid projects? Even so, it will help move the industry towards thinking about the triple bottom line – economics, society and environment – on all projects.
Green_Idea_Factory says:
A "Complete Street" MAY accommodate all users. It does not have to accommodate private automobiles (all of the time). There are guidelines and ideas but implementation is open to the relevant designing parties. Compromising for fairness and allowing everything – as if "balance" was possible – and thus allowing private cars makes a street much more polluted and dangerous. Perhaps a lot less dangerous than with a previous design but much more than if private automobiles are banned, at least at certain times.
Bipartisan Bill Would Make Complete Streets the National Standard
By Angie Schmitt	| Jun 21, 2013
Nearly 500 cities, states, and counties around the United States have enacted complete streets policies, according to Smart Growth America. Now a bipartisan team of lawmakers has introduced legislation to make it a matter of national policy that streets should be designed not only for driving, but for walking, biking, and transit as well. Reps. […]
Bipartisan Bill Proposes National Complete Streets Policy
Streets that safely accommodate everyone, from motorists to cyclists, pedestrians, and transit users — complete streets — have become policy for many American communities, having been implemented in more than 700 local jurisdictions and states around the country. A new bill in Washington attempts, again, to make complete streets the federal standard as well. Maybe […]
National Complete Streets Bill Back in Play
By Ben Fried	| Mar 12, 2009
There's a new Complete Streets Act pending in both chambers of Congress, and it needs co-sponsors. The bill would require federally-funded road projects to meet the needs of pedestrians, cyclists, and transit riders — not just drivers. To ask your representatives to sign on as co-sponsors, head over to Transportation for America's e-campaign. Sacramento representative […]
There's a Nod to Complete Streets in the House Transportation Bill
Let's be clear: The House transportation bill would be a big step backward for federal transportation policy. But it does include some ideas worth cultivating, including a nod to the idea that road projects should take walking, biking, transit, and access for people with disabilities into account. The problem is that the provision has no muscle […]
STREETSBLOG NYC
Fed Bill Will Help Fund 'Complete Streets'
By Gersh Kuntzman	| Jul 11, 2019
Sen. Ed Markey from Massachusetts is starting to put some (vegan) meat on the bones of the Green New Deal.
Complete Streets Provision Eliminated From Final Transpo Bill
By Tanya Snyder	| Jun 28, 2012
Transportation for America, the big-tent coalition for transportation reform, tends to be careful about the statements it puts out. Its folks are diplomatic, since they work with both sides on the Hill and a wide variety of coalition members. Yesterday, as details of the conference report were leaking out, they wanted to read the whole […]


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Shirley Commands Championship Standings during Legends Week
A.E.Blair Photo, Story by Matt Prieur
CONCORD, NC — Jun. 24, 2018 — Brian Shirley took command of the DIRTcar Summer Nationals tour during Legends Week with victories at Spoon River Speedway and Fairbury Speedway. Now he and all of the DIRTcar Late Model drivers turn their focus to a couple of make-up events from the previous two weeks — Tri-City Speedway on Tuesday, June 25 and Peoria Speedway on Wednesday, June 26 — before officially commencing the aptly named Challenge Week on Thursday, June 27 at Brownstown Speedway.
On the DIRTcar Summit Racing Equipment Modified Nationals campaign, the tour has seen four different winners in four events, with defending champion Mike Harrison picking up his first win of the 2019 campaign on Saturday night at Fairbury Speedway.
While Mother Nature has had the most success this season, the intensity is about to increase with 14 races in the next 14 nights thanks to several events that will be made up on previously scheduled off days. Here's a look at where things stand:
Jacksonville Speedway (IL) – Tuesday, June 18: Defending World of Outlaws Morton Building Late Model Series Champion, Brandon Sheppard, the 2013 DIRTcar Summer Nationals Champion, moonlighted in his family owned ride while off from the Outlaws and scored his 19th career Hell Tour triumph of his career. With the victory, the 26-year-old start from New Berlin, IL moved into a tie for ninth all-time with 2010 Summer Nationals Champion Jason Feger on the career win list.
Spoon River Speedway (IL) – Thursday, June 20: Two-Time and defending DIRTcar Summer Nationals Champion Brian Shirley extended his championship advantage by leading the entire 40-lap Feature to score his second victory of the 2019 Hell Tour. The 38-year-old Chatham, IL star grabbed the lead from fellow front row starter, four-time DIRTcar Summer Nationals Champion Shannon Babb, at the drop of the green flag and pulled away to his 21st career.
Fairbury (IL) Speedway – Saturday, June 22: For the third time in four races, Shirley grabbed the feature win, this time in the 30th all-time Hell Tour appearance at Fairbury.The 22nd career Hell Tour victory of his career moves him into a tie for seventh all-time with three-time series champion Dennis Erb Jr.
Mother Nature – June 19, June 21 June 23, June 24: Nobody has had more success on the Summer Nationals tour this year than Mother Nature. While not behind the wheel, she has had an unrelenting impact on this year's tour, winning eight times in the first 12 races.
Summit Racing Equipment Modified Nationals
Jacksonville Speedway (IL) – Tuesday, June 18: Allen Weisser, who earlier in the night finished eighth in the DIRTcar Late Models Feature, jumped into his DIRTcar UMP Modified and on the opening lap took the lead from his second row starting spot and sailing to the win. The 26-year-old from Peoria, IL grabbed his second career Summit Racing Equipment Modified Nationals checkered flag to go with his first win back on June 22, 2018 at Tri-City Speedway (IL).
Spoon River Speedway (IL) – Thursday, June 20: The 2016 DIRTcar Summit Racing Equipment Modified Nationals Champion Nick Hoffman dominated for his first victory on the tour since July 28, 2017 at Fairbury Speedway (IL). It was the 14th tour victory for the 27-year-old from Mooresville, NC, moving him into sole possession of second place all-time.
Fairbury Speedway – Saturday, June 22: Six-Time and defending DIRTcar Summit Racing Equipment Modified Nationals Champion Mike Harrison continued his impressive streak of being the only DIRTcar UMP Modified driver in the series' nine-year history to score a win every year of the series as the Highland, IL standout scored his first of 2019 and 46th Summit Racing Equipment Modified Nationals triumph of his career
On Monday, June 24, the teams from both tours make their only visit to the Volunteer State at Clarksville Speedway (TN) in the Late Models 22nd all-time event, which pays $5,000 to win and the Modifieds ninth appearance for a $1,000 payday. Legends Week ends on Tuesday, June 25 at Tri-City Speedway (IL) for a makeup date for both tours as the Hell Tour Late Models vie for $10,000 to win while the Summit Mods race for $1,000, thus concluding Legends Week.
On Wednesday, June 26, the makeup date at Peoria Speedway (IL) for the 19th (Late Models) and ninth (Modifieds) appearances all-time briefly resumes the Northern Kickoff Week. It's $5,000 to win for the Late Models and $1,000 to win for the Modifieds. Then Challenge Week begins at Brownstown Speedway (IN) for what is now the first appearance of the season in the Hoosier State on Thursday, June 27, for a $5,000 payday and the first race at Brownstown since the 2017 tour opener and 14th all-time event for the Late Models, sixth for the Modifieds, who will go after a $1,500 payday.
The teams stay in Indiana and head to Terre Haute Action Track (IN) on Friday, June 28. The World of Outlaws Morton Buildings Late Model Series join their Summer Nationals counterparts for a $10,000 paycheck in the seventh all-time event at the legendary oval. The Modifieds will make their sixth all-time trip and race for $1,500 as this event will be the last race in the state of Indiana for both tours in 2019.
The second $10,000 to win show of the week will be held at Highland Speedway (IL) on Saturday, June 29, as the DIRTcar Late Models mark their 21st all-time event there. The DIRTcar UMP Modifieds race for their third straight $1,500 check in their eighth career event there. On Sunday, June 30, the teams then venture to Lincoln Speedway (IL) for a $5,000 to win show for the Late Models and the fourth straight $1,500 to win event for the Modifieds to conclude Challenge Week.
The week itself ends on Monday, July 1 and it's back to the Northern Kickoff week and the makeup date at The Dirt Oval at Route 66 (IL) for the third $10,000 to win race of the week for the Late Models in their second ever race there. The Modifieds will chase after their highest payday to date, $2,000 in their second ever race at the immaculate facility.
New in 2019, every DIRTcar Summer Nationals and Summit Racing Equipment Modified Nationals event will be broadcast LIVE on DIRTVision.com with a DIRTVision Late Model Fast Pass powered by DirtOnDirt. For the latest news, follow the @SummerNationals on Facebook and Twitter. The Summit Racing Equipment Modified Nationals runs parallel to the DIRTcar Summer Nationals. Information on the Modifieds can be found at modifiednationals.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Проблема с получением id? у pymysql В моем коде есть функция, с помощью которой я проверяю: есть ли id пользователя в данной базе данных, или нет. Теоретически, когда пользователь отправляет сообщение, бот проверяет айди участника в базе данных, и если его нет - он записывает его туда.
Проблема заключается в том, что при написании сообщения пользователем, который есть в бд, бот все равно пытается закинуть айди участника в бд, получая следующее:
pymysql.err.IntegrityError: (1062, "Duplicate entry '418**********' for key 'users.PRIMARY'")
Все бы ничего, но данное сообщение серьезно засоряет консоль при написании любого сообщения. Прошу помочь мне разобраться в данном недоразумении. Заранее спасибо!
Код:
@bot.event
async def on_message(ctx):
    with db.cursor() as cur:
        cur.execute(f"select * from users where id = {ctx.author.id}")
        myresult = cur.fetchone()

    if ctx.author.id == myresult:
        pass
    else:
        if ctx.author.id == myresult:
            pass
        else:
            with db.cursor() as curs:
                sqladd = "INSERT INTO users (id, level, exp) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)"
                valadd = (ctx.author.id, 1, 1)
                curs.execute(sqladd, valadd)
                db.commit()

A: fetchone возвращает кортеж (англ. tuple). Так что проверка в таком виде, как сейчас у вас никогда не будет работать.
Нужно или брать элемент кортежа (а для этого нужно знать его индекс, а * может вернуть колонки в произвольном порядке, упрощенно говоря):
cur.execute(f"select id from users where id = {ctx.author.id}")
myresult = cur.fetchone()
if ctx.author.id == myresult[0]
   # нашли
else:
   # не нашли

Или так (fetchone вернет None если запрос ничего не вернул):
cur.execute(f"select id from users where id = {ctx.author.id}")
myresult = cur.fetchone()
if myresult is None:
   # не нашли
else:
   # нашли

Ну и еще, лучше не использовать манипуляции со строками, так как это небезопасно. Запрос делайте со связываемыми переменными:
cur.execute("select id from users where id = %s", (ctx.author.id,))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Since 2015, Shaan'xi province will set up 'Shaanxi San Qin International Student Scholarship' to encourage and attract more outstanding international students to study in Shaanxi province.
On-campus Degree Students including Undergraduates and Postgraduates except freshmen.
PhD Students: RMB 30,000 yuan.
1) Applicants must be on-campus Degree Students of Xi'an Jiaotong University, holding valid foreign passports and in a healthy condition.
2) Applicants should have good behavior and grades, the score of every compulsory course of the applying year should be no less than 70 points.
3) Applicants must be not in receipt of any other scholarship.
A maximum of 35 years old for PhD Students.
3) Two recommendation letters are required for Postgraduates applicants including Master Students and PhD Students.


Available empirical evidence suggests that many primate populations are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic actions and we present evidence to indicate that Africa is a continent of particular concern in terms of global primate conservation. We review the causes and consequences of decline in primate diversity in Africa and argue that the major causes of decline fall into four interrelated categories: deforestation, bushmeat harvest, disease and climate change. We go on to evaluate the rarity and distribution of species to identify those species that may be particularly vulnerable to threats and examine whether these species share any characteristic traits. Two factors are identified that suggest that our current evaluation of extinction risk may be overly optimistic; evidence suggests that the value of existing forest fragments may have been credited with greater conservation value in supporting primate populations than they actually have and it is clear that the extinction debt from historical deforestation has not being adequately considered. We use this evaluation to suggest what future actions will be advantageous to advance primate conservation in Africa and evaluate some very positive conservation gains that are currently occurring. © 2006 The Authors.


The CCC invites you to a brown bag lunch on March 6th from 11:30 am — 1 pm in the large conference room at SCEC (7 Ames Way, Machias) for Transgender Cultural Competence: beyond the basics and the binary, presented by Hannah Ruhlin of Health Equity Alliance. Learn supportive, respectful approaches for communicating with and advocating for transgender children and families. Download a flyer to share with colleagues. Bring your lunch – we'll provide beverages and dessert. RSVP to Christine.


First I want to say this is an absolutely amazing program . There is just 2 things that would make it beyond amazing.I have 3 Axis M5014 cameras which have presets and recorded video I would like to access. Is this something you can help me with ?
Thank you!!! The best thing you can do for us to help keep us funded is to write a great 5-star review on the app store sharing your impressions with the community. Great reviews spur sales which allows us to support the community and keep releasing new features.
We can likely help with presets. Can you send us external access (IP, port, username/password) to one of your Axis cameras? We'll briefly connect to it to capture the preset codes and see if we can build presets into MobiLinc for Axis. Please send to support@mobilinc.com.
Unfortunately MobiLinc does not support recorded video playback for any IP camera at this time.


Chen Zhe, project manager at the International Business Department of China Postal Express & Logistics Company, shared product information on the China Postal Overseas Warehousing Service at the Third Shandong Cross-Border E-Commerce Summit organized by China Postal Express & Logistics Shandong in Jinan, east China's Shandong Province, on November 16.
Themed "New era, new foreign trade, new format and new energy", the event not only offered a high level interpretation of the development trends in e-commerce, but also practical information about the industry.
Pang Jinbo, director of the Jinan Comprehensive Free Trade Zone, shared the latest policies about the Comprehensive Bonded Zone and cross-border industrial park. Other experts talked about useful experiences with the China Postal Overseas Warehousing Service.
The China Postal Overseas Warehousing Service is a flexible, economical and high quality one-stop cross-border export solution which is developed by China Postal Express & Logistics for cross-border e-commerce sellers, helping them complete delivery and distribution while shortening collection times.


COPE is pleased to announce its 3rd North American Seminar and Forum. The COPE Forum will take place on the afternoon of 31st October (2–5 pm) followed by a whole day Seminar on 1st November. The programme for the seminar can be downloaded here.
The Seminar is free for COPE members and $75 US for non-members. In addition, COPE would like to offer a limited number of free places to UCSD students. This will provide a unique opportunity for students to learn about the pressures and pitfalls of publication ethics from a panel of international experts. Students wishing to attend should contact the COPE Administrator to register.
Please register below. Registration will close on 14 October 2011.


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Coach receives Erie sportswoman award
Filed under Sports
Women's basketball coach Deanna Richard, coming off her 10th season at Mercyhurst and the best season in program history, was honored in December as the Erie Times-News Sportswoman of the Year. Now in her 11th season as head coach, Richard said she was shocked when she learned she won the award. She was called into a meeting and named the winner of the award, which is in its 14th year, on her way to an away game.
She joins 13 other successful female athletes such as Erie-native Janine Calabrese, who won the gold medal in swimming at the Los Angeles 2015 Special Olympics World games. Richard, who is from Clarksville, Mich., played college basketball at Oakland University from 1992 to 1996. During Richard's time on the team, the Golden Grizzlies had three consecutive NCAA showings and an Elite Eight appearance. During her senior year at Oakland University, Richard was named GLIAC Player of the Year and tallied 1,333 career points. She was inducted into the Oakland University Hollie L. Lepley Hall of Honor in the spring of 2007.
Richard would go on after graduating from Oakland to play a season in Portugal for the Clube Desportivo de Povoa. That year the team went to the conference championship. She served as assistant coach at Ferris State University in Big Rapids, Mich., from 1999 to 2000 and at Wayne State University in Detroit from 2000 to 2001. She landed her first head coaching position at Olivet University in Riverside County, Calif., from 2001 to 2007. Richards became the second-longest tenured coach in Olivet program history, while leading Olivet to a 13-14 (8-8) mark in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) in 2005-06 and 12-12 (9-7) the following year.
"I think over the years, when you coach at different levels, at Olivet I feel as though the players are a little different because they're not on scholarship," Richard said of her Comets players. "They're not there solely to play basketball, they're there to get an education." "When you're fortunate enough at the Division II level to give out athletic scholarships, … the biggest takeaway is that you don't always have to get the kids that are just all athletic. That's the most important thing for me, to carry over into the world as far as (the players) are going to school here for four (years) … but when they leave, they have to have a career in mind."
Inheriting a young team at Mercyhurst proved to be no easy task. But little by little, under Richard's mentorship, the team reached its peak in the 2016-17 season with a 24-8 record. The team entered the 2017-18 season with a Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) poll, placing them at 9th in the PSAC West. All of these attributes in Richard's long basketball history made her most deserving of the Sportswoman of the Year 2017 award.
She has left her mark on countless schools, and Mercyhurst is proud to have her.
Baseball sweeps Clarion
MU women's water polo places seventh at WWPA
Lakers top Kutztown 21-10
New women's basketball coach Kohlheim introduced
Two wins for women's lax
3-1 weekend for MU baseball
Close loss, win for MU women's tennis
No. 1 team ends Lakers' run
Equestrian team riding high
Doubleheader split for softball


text:
Concept: Retina
Neuronal nonlinearity explains greater visual spatial resolution for darks than lights
Astronomers and physicists noticed centuries ago that visual spatial resolution is higher for dark than light stimuli, but the neuronal mechanisms for this perceptual asymmetry remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that the asymmetry is caused by a neuronal nonlinearity in the early visual pathway. We show that neurons driven by darks (OFF neurons) increase their responses roughly linearly with luminance decrements, independent of the background luminance. However, neurons driven by lights (ON neurons) saturate their responses with small increases in luminance and need bright backgrounds to approach the linearity of OFF neurons. We show that, as a consequence of this difference in linearity, receptive fields are larger in ON than OFF thalamic neurons, and cortical neurons are more strongly driven by darks than lights at low spatial frequencies. This ON/OFF asymmetry in linearity could be demonstrated in the visual cortex of cats, monkeys, and humans and in the cat visual thalamus. Furthermore, in the cat visual thalamus, we show that the neuronal nonlinearity is present at the ON receptive field center of ON-center neurons and ON receptive field surround of OFF-center neurons, suggesting an origin at the level of the photoreceptor. These results demonstrate a fundamental difference in visual processing between ON and OFF channels and reveal a competitive advantage for OFF neurons over ON neurons at low spatial frequencies, which could be important during cortical development when retinal images are blurred by immature optics in infant eyes.
Concepts: Optics, Visual system, Receptive field, Thalamus, Photoreceptor cell, Brain, Retina, Cerebral cortex
Visual acuity of the honey bee retina and the limits for feature detection
Visual abilities of the honey bee have been studied for more than 100 years, recently revealing unexpectedly sophisticated cognitive skills rivalling those of vertebrates. However, the physiological limits of the honey bee eye have been largely unaddressed and only studied in an unnatural, dark state. Using a bright display and intracellular recordings, we here systematically investigated the angular sensitivity across the light adapted eye of honey bee foragers. Angular sensitivity is a measure of photoreceptor receptive field size and thus small values indicate higher visual acuity. Our recordings reveal a fronto-ventral acute zone in which angular sensitivity falls below 1.9°, some 30% smaller than previously reported. By measuring receptor noise and responses to moving dark objects, we also obtained direct measures of the smallest features detectable by the retina. In the frontal eye, single photoreceptors respond to objects as small as 0.6° × 0.6°, with >99% reliability. This indicates that honey bee foragers possess significantly better resolution than previously reported or estimated behaviourally, and commonly assumed in modelling of bee acuity.
Concepts: Rod cell, Insect, Visual acuity, Receptive field, Honey bee, Eye, Retina, Photoreceptor cell
The hairy eyeball - limbal dermoid
A 19-year-old man presented with a mass in his right eye that had been present since birth but had gradually increased in size. The mass caused vision defects, mild discomfort on blinking, and the intermittent sensation of the presence of a foreign body.
Concepts: Teratoma, Binocular vision, Lens, Brain, Depth perception, Visual perception, Retina, Eye
Reversal of end-stage retinal degeneration and restoration of visual function by photoreceptor transplantation
One strategy to restore vision in retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration is cell replacement. Typically, patients lose vision when the outer retinal photoreceptor layer is lost, and so the therapeutic goal would be to restore vision at this stage of disease. It is not currently known if a degenerate retina lacking the outer nuclear layer of photoreceptor cells would allow the survival, maturation, and reconnection of replacement photoreceptors, as prior studies used hosts with a preexisting outer nuclear layer at the time of treatment. Here, using a murine model of severe human retinitis pigmentosa at a stage when no host rod cells remain, we show that transplanted rod precursors can reform an anatomically distinct and appropriately polarized outer nuclear layer. A trilaminar organization was returned to rd1 hosts that had only two retinal layers before treatment. The newly introduced precursors were able to resume their developmental program in the degenerate host niche to become mature rods with light-sensitive outer segments, reconnecting with host neurons downstream. Visual function, assayed in the same animals before and after transplantation, was restored in animals with zero rod function at baseline. These observations suggest that a cell therapy approach may reconstitute a light-sensitive cell layer de novo and hence repair a structurally damaged visual circuit. Rather than placing discrete photoreceptors among preexisting host outer retinal cells, total photoreceptor layer reconstruction may provide a clinically relevant model to investigate cell-based strategies for retinal repair.
Concepts: Rod cell, Cone cell, Rhodopsin, Macular degeneration, Visual system, Eye, Photoreceptor cell, Retina
Seeing and Feeling Motion: Canonical Computations in Vision and Touch
While the different sensory modalities are sensitive to different stimulus energies, they are often charged with extracting analogous information about the environment. Neural systems may thus have evolved to implement similar algorithms across modalities to extract behaviorally relevant stimulus information, leading to the notion of a canonical computation. In both vision and touch, information about motion is extracted from a spatiotemporal pattern of activation across a sensory sheet (in the retina and in the skin, respectively), a process that has been extensively studied in both modalities. In this essay, we examine the processing of motion information as it ascends the primate visual and somatosensory neuraxes and conclude that similar computations are implemented in the two sensory systems.
Concepts: Retina, Stimulus modality, Proprioception, Skin, Sense, Somatosensory system, Visual system, Sensory system
Predicting cognitive state from eye movements
In human vision, acuity and color sensitivity are greatest at the center of fixation and fall off rapidly as visual eccentricity increases. Humans exploit the high resolution of central vision by actively moving their eyes three to four times each second. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to classify the task that a person is engaged in from their eye movements using multivariate pattern classification. The results have important theoretical implications for computational and neural models of eye movement control. They also have important practical implications for using passively recorded eye movements to infer the cognitive state of a viewer, information that can be used as input for intelligent human-computer interfaces and related applications.
Concepts: Retina, Saccade, Human, Color, Visual system, Visual perception, Brain, Eye
Genome-wide analysis points to roles for extracellular matrix remodeling, the visual cycle, and neuronal development in myopia
PLoS genetics
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the most common eye disorder, resulting primarily from excess elongation of the eye. The etiology of myopia, although known to be complex, is poorly understood. Here we report the largest ever genome-wide association study (45,771 participants) on myopia in Europeans. We performed a survival analysis on age of myopia onset and identified 22 significant associations ([Formula: see text]), two of which are replications of earlier associations with refractive error. Ten of the 20 novel associations identified replicate in a separate cohort of 8,323 participants who reported if they had developed myopia before age 10. These 22 associations in total explain 2.9% of the variance in myopia age of onset and point toward a number of different mechanisms behind the development of myopia. One association is in the gene , which has previously been linked to abnormally small eyes; one is in a gene that forms part of the extracellular matrix (); two are in or near genes involved in the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal ( and ); two are near genes known to be involved in the growth and guidance of retinal ganglion cells (, ); and five are in or near genes involved in neuronal signaling or development. These novel findings point toward multiple genetic factors involved in the development of myopia and suggest that complex interactions between extracellular matrix remodeling, neuronal development, and visual signals from the retina may underlie the development of myopia in humans.
Concepts: Myopia, Retinal ganglion cell, Visual system, Nervous system, Photoreceptor cell, Genetics, Eye, Retina
Safranal, a saffron constituent, attenuates retinal degeneration in P23H rats.
Saffron, an extract from Crocus sativus, has been largely used in traditional medicine for its antiapoptotic and anticarcinogenic properties. In this work, we investigate the effects of safranal, a component of saffron stigmas, in attenuating retinal degeneration in the P23H rat model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. We demonstrate that administration of safranal to homozygous P23H line-3 rats preserves both photoreceptor morphology and number. Electroretinographic recordings showed higher a- and b-wave amplitudes under both photopic and scotopic conditions in safranal-treated versus non-treated animals. Furthermore, the capillary network in safranal-treated animals was preserved, unlike that found in untreated animals. Our findings indicate that dietary supplementation with safranal slows photoreceptor cell degeneration and ameliorates the loss of retinal function and vascular network disruption in P23H rats. This work also suggests that safranal could be potentially useful to retard retinal degeneration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
Concepts: Minoan civilization, Iridaceae, Picrocrocin, Crocus, Safranal, Retina, Saffron, Retinitis pigmentosa
Altered velocity processing in schizophrenia during pursuit eye tracking.
Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are needed to keep the retinal image of slowly moving objects within the fovea. Depending on the task, about 50%-80% of patients with schizophrenia have difficulties in maintaining SPEM. We designed a study that comprised different target velocities as well as testing for internal (extraretinal) guidance of SPEM in the absence of a visual target. We applied event-related fMRI by presenting four velocities (5, 10, 15, 20°/s) both with and without intervals of target blanking. 17 patients and 16 healthy participants were included. Eye movements were registered during scanning sessions. Statistical analysis included mixed ANOVAs and regression analyses of the target velocity on the Blood Oxygen Level Dependency (BOLD) signal. The main effect group and the interaction of velocity×group revealed reduced activation in V5 and putamen but increased activation of cerebellar regions in patients. Regression analysis showed that activation in supplementary eye field, putamen, and cerebellum was not correlated to target velocity in patients in contrast to controls. Furthermore, activation in V5 and in intraparietal sulcus (putative LIP) bilaterally was less strongly correlated to target velocity in patients than controls. Altered correlation of target velocity and neural activation in the cortical network supporting SPEM (V5, SEF, LIP, putamen) implies impaired transformation of the visual motion signal into an adequate motor command in patients. Cerebellar regions seem to be involved in compensatory mechanisms although cerebellar activity in patients was not related to target velocity.
Concepts: Visual system, Saccade, Oxygen saturation, Smooth pursuit, Velocity, Retina, Statistics, Regression analysis
In vivo assessment of the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier to fluorescent indoline derivatives in zebrafish.
BMC neuroscience
BACKGROUND: Successful delivery of compounds to the brain and retina is a challenge in the development of therapeutic drugs and imaging agents. This challenge arises because internalization of compounds into the brain and retina is restricted by the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood-retinal barrier (BRB), respectively. Simple and reliable in vivo assays are necessary to identify compounds that can easily cross the BBB and BRB. METHODS: We developed six fluorescent indoline derivatives (IDs) and examined their ability to cross the BBB and BRB in zebrafish by in vivo fluorescence imaging. These fluorescent IDs were administered to live zebrafish by immersing the zebrafish larvae at 7–8 days post fertilization in medium containing the ID, or by intracardiac injection. We also examined the effect of multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) on the permeability of the BBB and BRB to the ID using MK571, a selective inhibitor of MRPs. RESULTS: The permeability of these barriers to fluorescent IDs administered by simple immersion was comparable to when administered by intracardiac injection. Thus, this finding supports the validity of drug administration by simple immersion for the assessment of BBB and BRB permeability to fluorescent IDs. Using this zebrafish model, we demonstrated that the length of the methylene chain in these fluorescent IDs significantly affected their ability to cross the BBB and BRB via MRPs. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that in vivo assessment of the permeability of the BBB and BRB to fluorescent IDs could be simply and reliably performed using zebrafish. The structure of fluorescent IDs can be flexibly modified and, thus, the permeability of the BBB and BRB to a large number of IDs can be assessed using this zebrafish-based assay. The large amount of data acquired might be useful for in silico analysis to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the interactions between chemical structure and the efflux transporters at the BBB and BRB. In turn, understanding these mechanisms may lead to the efficient design of compounds targeting the brain and retina.
Concepts: Fluorescence, Chemical compound, Intracardiac injection, Zebrafish, Brain, In vivo, Injection, Retina


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The Shadow of What Was Lost : Book One of the Licanius Trilogy
4.14 (17,131 ratings by Goodreads)
Licanius Trilogy
By (author) James Islington
Available. Dispatched from the UK in 3 business days
'A storytelling assurance rare for a debut . . . Fans of Robert Jordan and Brandon Sanderson will find much to admire' Guardian
AS DESTINY CALLS, A JOURNEY BEGINS
It has been twenty years since the god-like Augurs were overthrown and killed. Now, those who once served them - the Gifted - are spared only because they have accepted the rebellion's Four Tenets, vastly limiting their own powers.
As a young Gifted, Davian suffers the consequences of a war lost before he was even born. He and others like him are despised. But when Davian discovers he wields the forbidden powers of the Augurs, he sets in motion a chain of events that will change everything.
To the west, a young man whose fate is intertwined with Davian's wakes up in the forest, covered in blood and with no memory of who he is . . .
And in the far north, an ancient enemy long thought defeated, begins to stir.
The Licanius trilogy:
The Shadow of What Was Lost
An Echo of Things to Come
The Light of All That Falls (coming 2019)
'Wonderful worldbuilding and terrific characters' Boingboing.net
'Will appeal to anybody looking for a coming-of-age fantasy tale with likeable characters and strong worldbuilding' Fantasy Faction
'Love the Wheel of Time? This is about to become your new favourite series' Barnes & Noble SF and Fantasy Blog
Publisher Little, Brown Book Group
Imprint Orbit
Publication City/Country London, United Kingdom
James Islington
Storytelling assurance rare for a debut . . . Fans of Robert Jordan and Brandon Sanderson will find much to admire GUARDIAN
Relentless pace and exciting plot . . . absorbing and impressive -- CULTUREFLY An action-packed nailbiter -- BOOKBAG Definitely a series to watch out for. It has everything you wish in Epic fantasy and a lot more -- THE BOOK PLANK Magic, monsters, prophecies, betrayals and revenge . . . The first novel by James Islington has it all -- THE ELOQUENT PAGE Complex magic, terrifying threats out of legend, political intrigue, and a large cast of characters . . . Fans of doorstop epic fantasy will not be disappointed -- PUBLISHERS WEEKLY Love the Wheel of Time? This is about to become your new favourite series -- BARNES & NOBLE SF BLOG Incessant plot twists and a relentless pace -- KIRKUS Wonderful worldbuilding and terrific characters -- BOINGBOING A relentless juggernaut of a book . . . Astoundingly intricate worldbuilding -- DAILY MAIL Action aplenty and an ample spattering of violence . . . This is a whole new world with a fresh fantasy streak -- SCIFINOW A traditional coming-of-age, saving-the-world epic fantasy in the vein of Tad Williams, Raymond E. Feist (and yes, Robert Jordan). But it also has the flavour of something new . . . You'll be left wanting more -- SFX So exciting . . . Will appeal not only to The Wheel of Time readers, but to anybody looking for a coming-of-age fantasy tale with likeable characters and strong worldbuilding -- FANTASY FACTION Storytelling assurance rare for a debut . . . Fans of Robert Jordan and Brandon Sanderson will find much to admire -- GUARDIAN
About James Islington
James Islington was born and raised in southern Victoria, Australia. An avid fantasy reader for many years, it was only when he read Brandon Sanderson's Mistborn series that he was finally inspired to write something of his own. He now lives with his wife and daughter on the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria.
5 40% (6,774)
2 3% (571)


Spacious 2 bed 2 bath Spanish Duplex in the heart of the city. Beverly Hills Adj. Hardwood floors, architectural windows, light and bright, high ceilings, fireplace, formal dining room, stainless steel dishwasher, stove and refrigerator. Washer and dryer in the unit. Central a/c and heat, 2 car garage with automatic opener, large enclosed beautiful yard with sitting area and fruit trees galore. Quick and easy access to Beverly Hills, West Hollywood, Hollywood, Santa Monica and Downtown.


PEACE MFI is engaged in the delivery of both Savings and loan services.
National Bank of Ethiopia issued a directive in connection with GTP-2 which states the saving amount should be equivalent to the loan outstanding of MFIs in the final year of the Growth Transformation Plan.
Thus, it is high time to focus more on saving mobilization from the general public (voluntary saving) in addition to the existing saving products. Particularly, we need to provide different saving product options that satisfy the interest of clients.
The major objectives of the saving amendment is double fold firs to meet the GTP-2 plan and to fight the loan fund shortage as saving is the best source of fund for lending.
1. Mandatory saving- 12% of the loan disbursement before loan disbursement, its deposit interest rate is 7%.
2. Regular Saving – Minimum of Br.30 for first cycle clients and its amount will be increased as clients transferred from one cycle to another cycle. The minimum additional amount shouldn't be less than Br. 10 for each cycle. Its deposit interest rate is 7% clients are encouraged to deposit more than the minimum deposit amount.
3. Voluntary saving for adult minimum opening balance will be Br. 50; its deposit interest rate is 8%. Clients are encouraged to deposit more than the minimum deposit amount.
4. Lenege Child & youth saving minimum opening balance is Birr 20, deposit interest rate is 8% ( For a child whose age from one day to 24 years old ). Clients are encouraged to deposit more than the minimum deposit. Parents of custodians can bring birth certificate, or evidence of birth from hospital, Clinic or health center.
5. Special purpose saving for children. Deposit for children and youth up to 18 years age, the deposit interest will be 9% annually. This saving is on agreement and will not be withdraw able before the children age reach 18 years. If the deposit is withdraw able before the age of child is 18 years of age the interest rate will be changed to 8%. The minimum account opening amount will be Birr 1000.
6. Box saving . Box will be distributed for potential and able clients to facilitate their daily saving at home. They will get into special agreement with branches to make permanent deposit at their convenient place. The deposit interest rate for this box saving will be 8% per annum.
7. Time deposit: Its opening balance will be Br. 10,000.
· · For a period of six months' time for Br. 10,000 – 100,000, deposits interest rate will be 8.5% per annum.
· For a period of 12 months' time for Br. 100,00 – 100,000, deposits interest rate will be 9% per annum.
· F· For a period of six months' time for Br. 100,001 – 500,000, deposits interest rate will be 9% per annum.
·Fa period of 12 months' time for Br. 100,001 – 500,000, deposits interest rate will be 10% per annum.
· Fa period of six months' time for Br. 500,001 up Birr 1000,000, deposits interest rate will be 10% per annum.
For a period of 12 months' time for Br. 500,001 up Birr 1000,000, deposits interest rate will be 11% per annum.
· For the amount deposited above Br. 1000,000 for the period of 12 months and above, the interest rate will be 12% per annum.
8. Special event saving : It is a saving that will be deposited on regular basis monthly with a fixed amount of money regularly starting from Br.1000. It is a block account for agreed period of time between the client the clients and the Institution. The minimum agreed time will be for six months and the maximum will be agreed with clients.
In this saving type the deposit interest will be calculated 9% per annum on the existing balance which the client deposited.
All borrowers must pay the cost for passbook sales at time of account opening, while all other voluntary and time deposit savers will not require paying at time of opening. However, if savers close their account, the cost of passbook cost must be deducted from their balance.
This above is policy is approved by the Board of Directors to be effective from October 11 , 2017.
PEACE MFI S.CO is the Micro Financing Institution which plays an important role in providing access to financial services to rural farmers and people engaged in other similar activities as well as micro and small scale rural and urban entrepreneurs. The main purpose of PEACE is to collect deposits and extend credit to rural and urban farmers and people engaged in other similar activities as well as micro and small scale rural and urban entrepreneurs. The following are major activities of PEACE.
Engage in other activities as specified by directives of the National Bank of Ethiopia from time to time.
PEACE MFI S.CO stands for prudent business practice and committed to applying best micro financing practices in all of its operation areas. The operation slogan "save regularly, borrow for profitable business and repay on time" will be used in the social promotion of the company, and the company values its esteemed clients to be empowered, motivated and encouraged in the poverty reduction through full participation of the poor. PEACEMFI S.Co. provides quality, competitive and affordable by the poor. The value of consisting at least 85% of female clients in its program is one of the core value for poverty reduction and community empowerment at wider scale. The company has zero tolerance for delinquency and default.
PEACE has achieved a competitive position in the Ethiopia MF sector through a focus strategy that targets rural low income women. It has experienced significant growth during the past years and the market still has a high level of unmet demand.


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Kwaliteit van leven is het functioneren van een persoon op fysiek, psychisch en sociaal gebied en de subjectieve evaluatie daarvan. Er bestaat een groot aantal definities van kwaliteit van leven. De Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (WHO) hanteert de definitie 'de perceptie van individuen op hun levenspositie in de context van de cultuur en het waarden-systeem waarin zij leven en de relatie tot hun doelen, verwachtingen, standaarden en belangen.'  Kwaliteit van leven bestaat uit objectieve en subjectieve aspecten. Objectieve aspecten betreffen beperkingen als gevolg van iemands gezondheid die door anderen waargenomen en eventueel gemeten kunnen worden. Subjectieve aspecten betreffen aspecten die voorkomen in het oordeel van de persoon over het eigen welzijn en die niet door derden zijn te objectiveren.

Geschiedenis

De term kwaliteit van leven (Quality of Life) werd voor het eerst geïntroduceerd in 1920 door een Engelse econoom, Arthur Cecil Pigou.
De voormalige president van de Verenigde Staten, Lyndon B. Johnson, gebruikte de term kwaliteit van leven in zijn presidentiële campagne in 1964 en later in een toespraak tijdens de State of the Union. Bij bepaling van het bbp, dat toen al als welvaartsindex werd gebruikt, waren geen subjectieve factoren meegenomen, terwijl het duidelijk werd dat die mede de levenskwaliteit bepalen.
De term werd in Nederland door J. P. Groot in 1964 beschreven en gebruikt bij een methodologische studie naar het wonen op het platteland.
In de geneeskunde heeft de term kwaliteit van leven vanaf 1980 een belangrijke rol gekregen. Dit terwijl de WHO de term kwaliteit van leven, met betrekking tot de gezondheid, in 1949 al beschreef. In de jaren negentig werd veel onderzoek gedaan naar de betekenis van de term kwaliteit van leven, met als doel, meer duidelijkheid creëren over de term. Men wilde onderzoeken of het begrip multidimensionaal is en hoe het begrip gemeten kan worden. In 2002 gaf het Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau de volgende omschrijving van kwaliteit van leven: Het samenspel tussen fysieke kwaliteit, sociale kwaliteit, sociale kenmerken en veiligheid van de omgeving.

Indeling van kwaliteit van leven in domeinen
Bij kwaliteit van leven worden in veel modellen het fysieke domein, het psychische domein, het sociale domein en het omgevingsdomein onderscheiden. Daarnaast worden als domeinen ook nog onderscheiden de mate van onafhankelijkheid en het spirituele/religieuze/persoonlijke geloof. Deze domeinen kunnen verder worden onderverdeeld in subdomeinen. De wijze waarop domeinen en subdomeinen bij kwaliteit van leven worden onderverdeeld, is mede afhankelijk van de definitie of het conceptuele model voor kwaliteit van leven waarmee wordt gewerkt en aspecten die daarin worden onderscheiden. En daaropvolgend de methodiek of het (meet)instrument dat daarbij wordt gebruikt. Vanwege het groot aantal definities en modellen ten aanzien van kwaliteit van leven, de grote hoeveelheid meetinstrumenten voor het bepalen van kwaliteit van leven, de culturele invloed en invloed van eigen normen en waarden op het geven van antwoorden van het onderzochte individu op vragen ten aanzien van kwaliteit van leven, en de culturele invloed en invloed van eigen normen en waarden op het interpreteren van uitkomsten van kwaliteit van leven metingen door individuele onderzoekers, is het complex om een objectief beeld te krijgen ten aanzien van kwaliteit van leven wereldwijd.

Factoren bij kwaliteit van leven
De kwaliteit van leven kan door veel factoren worden beïnvloed en deze factoren kunnen ook elkaar beïnvloeden. Ook kunnen factoren van kwaliteit van Leven binnen de verschillende domeinen elkaar beïnvloeden. Zo kan het hebben van een lichamelijke beperking, wat een aspect is van het fysieke domein, ook het psychisch welbevinden dat onderdeel is van het psychische en de sociale interacties die thuis horen in het sociale domein beïnvloeden.

Factoren van invloed op kwaliteit van leven:
 Demografische factoren: leeftijd, cultuur, geslacht en gender
 Psychosociale factoren: emoties (angst, depressie), coping
 Eventuele aanwezigheid van een aandoening
 Behandeling

Fysiek domein
Het fysieke domein is een van de vier domeinen waar kwaliteit van leven in onder verdeeld is. De letterlijke vertaling van fysiek is de stoffelijke gesteldheid van het lichaam.Dit houdt in dat het fysieke domein betrekking heeft op alle lichamelijk beperkingen of klachten die de kwaliteit van leven kunnen verlagen. In het Figuur Fysieke domein wordt het fysieke domein globaal weergegeven.

Beïnvloedende factoren
De factoren die een invloed uitoefenen op het fysieke domein kunnen onderverdeeld worden in categorieën.

Voorbeschikkende biologische factoren
Dit zijn biologische factoren die te maken hebben met processen die plaatsvinden in het lichaam van een individu die het ontstaan van een klacht waarschijnlijker of onwaarschijnlijker maken.
Een individu met meerdere fysieke beperkingen heeft een hogere kans op een verminderde kwaliteit van leven dan een individu met geen of minder fysieke beperkingen.

Uitlokkende biologische factoren
Dit zijn zowel interne als externe biologische factoren die invloed uitoefenen op het individu.
Deze biologische factoren kunnen zorgen voor een verminderde kwaliteit van het individu. Hieronder vallen:
 Pathogene organismen (bacteriën en virussen)
 Leefstijl van een individu (onvoldoende slaap, onvoldoende beweging en ongezond eten kan een ongunstige invloed hebben op de kwaliteit van leven van het individu)
 Milieurampen (aardbevingen, overstromingen)
 Genetische eigenschappen van een individu (bloeddruk, serumcholesterol, overgewicht, etc.)

Onderhoudende biologische factoren
Deze biologische factoren zijn factoren die een bestaande klacht helpen in stand te houden. Dit heeft als gevolg dat het negatief ervaren kwaliteit van leven nog negatiever kan worden ervaren door een individu. Dit kunnen factoren zijn die te maken hebben met:
 Onze lichamelijke conditie, een handicap of medicatie
 Onze eet- en leefgewoonten
 Ons milieu

Te denken valt bijvoorbeeld een ongezond eetpatroon bij mensen met overgewicht, of
een lawaaiige omgeving bij hoofdpijnklachten. Daarnaast kunnen ook de factoren: straling, luchtverontreiniging, voedingsadditieven, maar ook de kwaliteit van de woning of van de lokale ruimtelijke ordening invloed hebben op het bestaande complicatie dat een individu ervaart op het gebied van kwaliteit van leven.

Gevolgen van de beïnvloedende factoren

Pijn en ongemak
Hiermee worden onplezierige fysieke gewaarwordingen bij een persoon bedoeld, en tot welke mate deze gewaarwordingen schrijnend zijn en interfereren met het leven. Hieronder valt de controle van de persoon zelf over de pijn en het gemak waarmee pijnvermindering bereikt kan worden. Er wordt verondersteld dat hoe makkelijker de verlichting van pijn is, des te minder de angst voor pijn zelf en het resulterende effect op kwaliteit van leven. Dezelfde veranderingen in niveaus van pijn kan meer verontrustend zijn dan de daadwerkelijke pijn zelf. Wanneer een persoon niet daadwerkelijk in pijn is, hetzij door inname van medicatie of omdat de pijn van nature aan en uit schakelt, kan zijn/haar kwaliteit van leven beïnvloed worden door de constante dreiging pijn te kunnen ervaren. Het is erkend dat mensen verschillend reageren op pijn, en de verschillende mate van tolerantie en acceptatie van pijn een waarschijnlijke impact heeft op de kwaliteit van leven. Onaangename lichamelijke gewaarwordingen zoals stijfheid, pijn, lang-termijn of kort-termijn pijn, of jeuk zijn hierbij inbegrepen. Pijn wordt aanwezig geacht wanneer een persoon dit meldt, zelfs als er geen medische indicatie aanwezig is.

Energie en vermoeidheid
Dit onderdeel verkent de energie, het enthousiasme en het uithoudingsvermogen dat iemand heeft om in staat te zijn de noodzakelijke taken in het dagelijkse leven uit te kunnen voeren. Dit kan zich uiten door middel van het uitschakelen van vermoeidheid tot adequate niveaus van energie tot het euforische gevoel te hebben echt te leven. Vermoeidheid kan voortkomen uit een aantal oorzaken, bijvoorbeeld ziekte, problemen zoals depressies of overbelasting zowel mentaal als fysiek.

Seksuele activiteit
Wanneer een persoon last heeft van fysieke klachten zoals beperkingen in mobiliteit, pijn of vermoeidheid kan de seksuele activiteit verminderen. Dit kan de kwaliteit van leven beïnvloeden bij niet alleen de persoon die de fysieke klachten ervaart, maar ook zijn/haar partner. De impact hiervan kan afhangen van leeftijd en geslacht.

Slaap en rust
Dit onderdeel betreft hoe slaap en rust, en problemen op dit gebied, de kwaliteit van leven van een persoon beïnvloed. Voorbeelden van slaapproblemen zijn moeilijk kunnen slapen, wakker worden tijdens de nacht, vroeg wakker worden in de ochtend, het niet in staat zijn om weer in slaap te vallen en gebrek aan opladen van energie uit de slaap.

Sensorische functies
Sensorisch betekent 'betrekking hebben op alle zintuigen'.  Problemen op dit gebied kunnen zich uiten in slechtziendheid, slechthorendheid, problemen met reukvermogen en problemen met de mond of de huid.  Als er één of meerdere problemen worden ervaren op het gebied van sensorische functies, kan dit invloed hebben op het de kwaliteit van leven bij een persoon.

Vragenlijsten
De kwaliteit van leven binnen het fysieke domein wordt gemeten aan de hand van vragenlijsten, die de persoon zelf invult. Voorbeelden van meetinstrumenten zijn: de MVI-20, de GSQS, de GARS en de MPQ schaal.

MVI-20
De Multidimensionale Vermoeidheids Inventory (MVI-20) meet de mate van vermoeidheid. Dit kan gemeten worden door middel van een vragenlijst die uit 20 items bestaat. In de lijst zijn algemene vermoeidheid, fysieke vermoeidheid, verminderde activiteit, verminderde motivatie en mentale vermoeidheid opgenomen. De persoon kan op een schaal die loopt van 'ja dat klopt tot nee dat klopt niet' zelf aangeven in hoeverre men met een item eens is. Hierbij is '4' de laagste score en '20' de hoogste. Een score van 4 betekent het minst vermoeid en een score van 20 het meest vermoeid.

GSQS
De Algemene versie van Slaap Kwaliteitsschaal (GSQS) wordt gebruikt om slaapproblemen te meten. Deze vragenlijst bestaat uit 14 items waarbij respondenten bij iedere item een 1(wel een slaapprobleem) of een 0( geen slaapprobleem) kunnen scoren. De eindscore geeft aan hoeveel slaapproblemen iemand ervaart met een maximum van 14 scores. Dit meetinstrument brengt de subjectieve kwaliteit van nachtrust in kaart.

MPQ schaal
De McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) is het meest gebruikte instrument om de pijn die een persoon ervaart te meten. Deze vragenlijst bestaat uit vier onderdelen die door de patiënt zelf ingevuld kan worden.
Het eerste onderdeel bestaat uit 20 sub schalen. Iedere sub schaal bestaat uit 3 tot 4 pijnbeschrijvende woorden die zijn geordend naar oplopende intensiteit. Bij het invullen van de vragenlijst moet de patiënt het woord omcirkelen die de pijn op dat moment het beste weergeeft. Het doel van deze pijnwoordenlijst is om de aard en intensiteit van de pijn vast te stellen.

Deze woorden hebben betrekking op een van de volgende drie dimensies:

 De sensorische dimensie: Deze dimensie omvat de zintuiglijke kenmerken, zoals druk, temperatuur, plaats en tijdsduur.
 De affectieve dimensie: Deze dimensie heeft betrekking op de emoties, zoals spanning of angst.
 De evaluatieve dimensie heeft betrekking op de cognitieve beoordeling van de pijn, zoals 'matig' of 'hinderlijk'.

De score bestaat uit een 'Pain Rating Index' (PRI). Ieder woord heeft een bepaalde waarde. Als de vragenlijst is ingevuld worden de waarden van de gekozen woorden bij elkaar opgeteld en komt er een score uit. Deze kan per dimensie berekend worden. Tevens kan het aantal gekozen woorden (number of words chosen, NWC) als score gebruikt worden. Het tweede onderdeel bevat vragen over de lokalisatie van de pijn. Het derde onderdeel bevat de visueel-analoge schaal (VAS) om de intensiteit van de pijn vast te stellen. Het vierde onderdeel bestaat uit vragen over het gebruik van pijnstillers en de invloed op de kwaliteit van leven. Deze vragenlijst kan zowel schriftelijk als mondeling afgenomen worden bij de patiënt. De Nederlandse versie van deze schaal is de MPQ-DLV schaal, ofwel MPQ- Dutch Language version.

Psychisch domein
Het psychische domein omvat positieve gevoelens, denken/leren/geheugen/concentratie, eigenwaarde, lichaamsbeeld en indruk, en negatieve gevoelens zoals angst, boosheid en depressie. Daarnaast bestaat het psychische domein ook uit cognitieve klachten, zoals concentratie- en geheugenstoornissen.

Sociaal domein
Bij het sociale domein, waarin sociale relaties een grote rol spelen, in bijvoorbeeld persoonlijke relaties, sociale ondersteuning en activiteiten als ondersteuner. Daarbij speelt de mate waarin een aspect zoals ziekte afbreuk doet aan de mogelijkheid om sociale rollen te vervullen (functioneren in een gezin, werk en vriendenkring). Wanneer de kwaliteit van leven vanuit het sociale domein wordt belicht, wordt er naar alle factoren, die van invloed zijn op een individu van buitenaf, gekeken. Daarbij wordt in kaart gebracht hoe een individu zich in de maatschappij beweegt (objectief) en hoe een persoon dat ervaart (subjectief). In de Sociale Staat Nederland (SSN) wordt hiertoe gebruikgemaakt van de termen welvaart en welzijn. Objectieve en subjectieve gegevens laten daarbij een mogelijke samenhang zien. Mensen met een hoog inkomen en een groot sociaal netwerk ervaren bijvoorbeeld relatief veel positieve gevoelens.

Kwaliteit van leven in Nederland

In vergelijking tot de andere Europese landen, is de kwaliteit van leven van de Nederlandse bevolking relatief hoog, en zijn Nederlanders relatief tevreden met hun leven vergeleken met inwoners van andere landen.
De vier domeinen die invloed hebben op de kwaliteit van leven zijn: sociaal economische status, vergrijzing, gender en multimorbiditeit.

Sociaal Economische Gezondheidsverschillen
De gezondheid in Nederland is ongelijk verdeeld, zo hangt dit af van de factoren inkomen, werk en opleiding. Zo wordt zichtbaar dat er in achterstandswijken over het algemeen een lagere gezondheid is dan in rijkere wijken. Laagopgeleiden leven gemiddeld korter en hebben een lagere kwaliteit van leven. Ze hebben vaak minder kans op goede banen wat invloed heeft op hun woonomgeving. Een lagere opleiding kan zowel de fysieke als psychische kwaliteit van leven beïnvloeden, alhoewel de invloed op het fysieke domein groter is, dit komt doordat mensen met een lagere opleiding minder kennis hebben op het gebied van een gezonde leefstijl. Hierdoor wordt er vaak ongezond gegeten en weinig bewogen.

Verder blijkt uit onderzoek dat mensen met een lage opleiding vaker werkloos zijn, wat invloed kan hebben op het psychische domein. Dit kan leiden tot depressies en gevoel van eenzaamheid.

Vergrijzing
In 2012 waren er 2,7 miljoen 65-plussers in Nederland, naar verwachting zal dit toenemen tot 4,7 miljoen in 2041. Het aandeel 65 tot 79-jarigen zal sterk toenemen en vanaf 2025 zal het aantal 80-plussers sterk toenemen. Hier is dan sprake van dubbele vergrijzing. Naar schatting zal in 2040 26% van de bevolking 65 jaar en ouder zijn, waarvan één derde ouder dan 80 jaar.
Deze sterkte vergrijzing in Nederland heeft invloed op de kwaliteit van leven van de bevolking. Lichamelijke kwaliteit van leven neemt namelijk af bij het ouder worden. Resultaten gemeten met de SF-12  wijzen uit dat verslechterde lichamelijk kwaliteit van leven stijgt met 15% bij 12 tot 24-jarigen en tot 76% bij 80 jaar en ouder. Psychische kwaliteit van leven blijft gelijk bij het ouder worden dit komt omdat psychische kwaliteit van leven minder samenhangt met leeftijd.

Vergrijzing en verminderde psychische kwaliteit van leven hebben echter wel invloed op elkaar. Namelijk door vergrijzing stijgt het aantal weduwen in Nederland wat invloed heeft op de psychische kwaliteit van leven. Mannen hebben namelijk 1,7 grotere kans op verminderde psychische kwaliteit van leven en vrouwen 1,6 grotere kans hierop.

Verder heeft eenzaamheid ernstig invloed op de sociale kwaliteit van leven. Ouderen worden steeds eenzamer op het sociale vlak. De sociale kring waarin zij zich bevinden wordt naarmate ze ouder worden steeds kleiner. Dit heeft onder andere te maken met het minder goed naar buiten kunnen, minder activiteit verrichten of mensen in de omgeving die overlijden. Uit onderzoek blijkt dat het percentage dat zich emotioneel eenzaam voelt toeneemt vanaf 75 jaar en ouder.  Van de 85-plussers voelt 59% zich eenzaam. Dit zijn voornamelijk vrouwen, dit komt omdat vrouwen over het algemeen langer leven dan mannen.

Geslachtsverschillen
Uit een onderzoek van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek blijkt dat mannen een betere kwaliteit van leven rapporteren dan vrouwen. Dit geldt voor zowel lichamelijk als psychisch aspect. Vrouwen zijn weliswaar net zo tevreden met het leven, maar hebben minder een bovengemiddelde welvaart en voelen zich vaker niet gezond.
In tegenstelling tot vroeger zijn er wel meer vrouwen dan mannen die een opleiding afronden, het gevolg hiervan is dat de vrouwen nu gemiddeld even hoog zijn opgeleid als mannen. Als de onderwijsdeelname van vrouwen in dit tempo doorgaat, zullen op termijn vrouwen gemiddeld hoger zijn opgeleid dan mannen. Onder de twintigers van nu is dit al het geval.

Opvallend is dat alleenstaanden over het algemeen een verminderde kwaliteit van leven ervaren ten opzichte van samenwonenden.
Vrouwen hebben momenteel een hogere levensverwachting dan mannen, maar die extra jaren zijn vaak niet de beste jaren te noemen. Het verliezen van een partner laat blijvende sporen achter.
Wanneer men kijkt naar 'gezond ervaren jaren' worden mannen en vrouwen naar schatting even oud. Laagopgeleide ouderen zijn gemiddeld vaker alleen in tegenstelling tot middelbaar- en hoogopgeleide leeftijdsgenoten. Dit resulteert in een groep laagopgeleide ouderen die meer zorg nodig hebben, vaker alleenstaand zijn en minder financiële middelen hebben zorg zelf in te kopen.

De bovenstaande feiten kunnen invloed hebben op de kwaliteit van leven.

Multimorbiditeit
Een chronische ziekte vermindert de kwaliteit van leven
Een verminderde kwaliteit van leven is in de meeste gevallen het gevolg van een ziekte of een aandoening. De mate waarin ziekten de kwaliteit van leven beïnvloeden, kunnen behoorlijk verschillend zijn per aandoening en individu. Ook bestaat er een verschil in op welk domein een bepaalde aandoening effect heeft (fysiek, psychisch, sociaal).
Ziekteniveau van Nederlandse bevolking
 Aandoeningen aan bewegingsstelsel : Individuen die een aandoening hebben aan het bewegingsstelsel, ervaren vaker een slechtere lichamelijke kwaliteit van leven dan individuen met een andere chronische ziekte.
 Beroerte en hartinfarct: Personen met een beroerte, hartinfarct, astma/COPD of een ernstige/hardnekkige aandoening aan nek, schouder, elleboog, pols of hand ervaren vaker een minder goede lichamelijke kwaliteit van leven omdat dit voor beperkingen in het dagelijks leven zorgt.
 Minder goede psychische kwaliteit van leven bij chronische aandoeningen: Ook veel mensen hebben een minder goede psychische kwaliteit van leven. Zo hebben slechtzienden een ruim twee keer zo hoge kans op een minder goede psychische kwaliteit van leven vergeleken met personen zonder slechtziendheid.
Meeste verlies aan kwaliteit van leven door dementie: Dementie  is een aandoening die het meest afbreuk doet aan de kwaliteit van leven. De. Ook de ziekte van Parkinson, schizofrenie en beroerte zijn sterk van invloed op de kwaliteit van leven.

Zie ook
 Welzijn
 Quality-adjusted life year

Sociologie
Welvaartseconomie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Butuan City- In order to strengthen the First 1,000 days rearing and caregiving practices, the National Nutrition Council Caraga mobilized the breastfeeding nanays and advocates on Monday November 29, 2021 at Balanghai Hotel, Butuan City.
The one-day activity highlighted the Importance of Breastfeeding which was shared by Senior Nutrition Officer, Ms. Leah Vina P. Vargas. Right after, Department of Health Caraga Nutritionist Dietitian Ms. Lovely Camacho-Dagupan discussed the importance of infant and young child feeding in emergencies and Covid-19 pandemic.
In Caraga region, different groups and entities shared the same breastfeeding advocacy. Topic included in the forum is the First 1,000 days initiatives including the promotion of breastfeeding and practices in the City of Tandag shared by City Nutrition Action Officer Reyveen John B. Geli. Likewise, Ms. Rhea Carampatana shared to the group how breastfeeding nanays in Caraga can be of help to the mothers who needed their support.
Read more: NNC Caraga mobilizes breastfeeding nanays and advocates
Tandag City –(Reyveen John B. Geli) The City Government of Tandag through the City Social Welfare and Development (CSWD) gave orientation on the importance of camp coordination and camp management (CCCM) on 22-25 November 2021 at La Entrada, Britania, San Agustin, Surigao del Sur.
Attended by the members of the Camp Management Team in Tandag, the training oriented the group with the camp coordination and camp management and services offered at the evacuation areas.
In addition, the training discussed strategies on how to deliver services efficiently so that the vulnerable sectors including the children, mothers, elderly, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups are being protected.
The City Nutrition Office represented by City Nutrition Action Officer Reyveen John B. Geli and City Nutrition Program Coordinator Mary Joy A. Galolo attended the training. During the discussion, CNAO Geli shared that the Nutrition Cluster one of the subsectors of Health Cluster to which nutrition related activities during disaster is being coordinated.
Read more: Tandag CSWD orients Camp Coordination and Camp Management
Tandag City- In a message delivered during the City Nutrition Awarding Ceremony on 25 November 2021, Officer-in-Charge, Dr. Nino Archie S. Labordo appealed to the City Nutrition Committee of Tandag and the 21 Barangay Nutrition Committees to continue the implementation of the first 1,000 days as one of the very effective strategies in malnutrition reduction.
The first 1,000 days is the period from conception to a child's first two years of life. It is considered as the golden window of opportunity for the child to attain full potential in the different aspects of development. The program aims to strengthen the delivery of key interventions on health, nutrition, social services and early learning to help in the achievement of optimum growth and development of the child.
Further, Dr. Labordo mentioned that to attain the purpose of the First 1,000 days program, the City of Tandag shall incorporate activities and strategies that encompasses the whole package of the program including the enactment of related policies at the local level.
Read more: NNC Caraga appeals First 1,000 days strategies in Tandag
Butuan City- All seven municipalities in the Province of Dinagat Islands including the Provincial Nutrition Office joined in a workshop on Integrating Nutrition Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs) in the 2022 Annual Investment Program (AIP) and Updating of the Local Nutrition Action Plans (LNAP) conducted on 24-25 November 2021 at Usher's Building, San Jose, Province of Dinagat Islands.
The workshop is part of the over-all local government unit (LGU) mobilization strategy through the NNC Governing Board Resolution No. 4 signed in April 2019.
It aimed to Increase the recognition of the alarming malnutrition problem in the country its impact on children, women, families, communities, and the country as a whole. Likewise, it calls for stakeholders to invest in nutrition, and directed the critical role of LGUs in curbing the malnutrition problem, following the pandemic situation and in achieving the outcomes of Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN).
Joining the Nutrition Planning Core Team are, Municipal Nutrition Action Officer, Municipal Health Officer, Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator, Budget officer and other representative from the Municipal Nutrition Committee.
Read more: Dinagat Islands municipalities integrates nutrition PPAs
Surigao del Sur implementers reviews 2021 nutrition program implementation
Tandag City- Members of the Provincial Nutrition Committee (PNC) of the Province of Surigao del Sur and the Nutrition action officers (NAOs) from the different municipalities of the province attended the Program Implementation Review (PIR) on 25 November 2021 at Shacene Hotel and Restaurant, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur.
The PIR integrated the different programs, projects and activities implemented in 2021 with strategies and innovations employed in compliance with the COVID-19 health protocols.
Unlike in 2019, the Province has been very mobile to different municipalities of the province to provide capacity trainings and seminars to nutrition workers and Local Nutrition Committees However, despite the threat of the pandemic, the Province posted a sustained decrease in malnutrition prevalence.
In her presentation, Provincial Nutrition Action Officer (PNAO) Ms. Ermelinda C. Ascarez shared that the malnutrition prevalence (underweight) significantly declined from 6.76% in 2020 to 3.96% in 2021.
The sustained declined of malnutrition since 2018 is attributed to the strong support of the Provincial Government of Surigao del Sur through its project, the distribution of nutripacks to the different municipalities in the province has provided a big contribution mentioned by PNAO Ascarez.
Read more: Surigao del Sur implementers reviews 2021 nutrition program implementation
Butuan City - Headed by the Department of Health (DOH) and the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) together with the Caraga Regional Inter-agency Task Force successfully led the launching of the National Vaccination Days today, November 29, 2021 at SM City Butuan.
As ordered in Proclamation No. 1253 signed on 24 November 2021, all government agencies and instrumentalities are hereby directed to extend all possible support to the Bayanihan Bakunahan National COVID 19 Vaccination Days, and the implementation of related programs, activities and campaigns.
Henceforth, the National Nutrition Council Caraga joined in the national launching. NNC is also promoting the Covid 19 vaccination advocacy through its social media account.
Regional Director of the Department of Health Caraga Dir. Cesar C. Cassion in his message mentioned, that everyone in the community should work together to achieve the health, security and economic recovery towards resilient Philippines by starting off with herd immunity.
He enjoined the public to get vaccinated and be a hero to their families and loved ones. The simultaneous roll out strategy focuses on increasing the coverage of the first dose to 70% of the country's total population including children ages 12-17 years old. The National Vaccination Days will run from 29 November to December 1, 2021.
Read more: NNC Caraga joins the Bayanihan Bakunahan National launching
Tandag CBATF shares better mobilization in 2022
NNC Caraga trains facilitation skills in conducting nutrition education classes
Tandag City lauds nutrition performers
Agusan del Sur DXGP 89.7 FM produces first batch of NSOA graduates
San Francisco renews LNEWS agreement


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May 2 to 8 is Children's Book Week. My family and I love supporting children's literacy. I got a slew of children's books in my mailbox this past week that I will be featuring in the next few weeks leading up to this event.
Pip is an adorable, roly-poly little panda who sees the world changing and growing. But Pip is feeling a bit left behind. Luckily Mama is there to show playful and curious Pip that, like the trees in the forest and the stars in the sky, he's growing and changing too. And no matter how much Pip grows, the one thing that will never change is how much Mama loves him!
To save her older brother and escape the bonds of slavery, Kiya flees with the Hebrews during the Great Exodus. She finds herself utterly dependent on a fearsome God she's only just beginning to learn about, and in love with a man who despises her people. With everything she's ever known swept away, will Kiya turn back toward Egypt or surrender her life and her future to Yahweh?
What starts out as a seemingly innocuous pursuit quickly devolves into a nightmare when Alex discovers the true technological nature of the Florentine. Not just a lost treasure, it's something far more insidious: a weapon that could bring the developed world to its knees. Alex races through subterranean grottos, freezing morgues, and hidden cellars in the dark underbelly of Los Angeles, desperate to find the Florentine before it falls into the wrong hands. Because if nefarious forces find it first, there'll be nothing Alex—or anyone else—can do to prevent a catastrophic attack.
All your books are new to me. Like the sound of Kiya but it sounds very sad!
The Bachelor's Girls is new to me but sounds intriguing. Have a great reading week!
I will be shopping for a children's book soon for a baby shower. Thanks for sharing these. It looks like you had a great week.
I do love seeing books that are all new to me...more to explore. Enjoy those children's books...which look delightful.
The children's books look good.
The Florentine Deception is catching my eye.
Great list of kids books. I will have to definitely check some of those out for my daughter.