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3 ways the Blue Jays are weakened by George Springer's injury
George Springer
Randal Grichuk
Marcus Semien
Nick Ashbourne
·MLB Writer
August 20, 2021, 8:12 a.m. ·5 min read
The Blue Jays will once again have to get used to life without George Springer. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson)
Early in George Springer's Toronto Blue Jays tenure, the team is already all-too familiar with how much his absence hurts.
When Springer played four of the club's first 70 games due to a quad issue, it went 35-35. After losing him again to a knee sprain, the Blue Jays were swept by the Washington Nationals — a team that was torn down to the studs at the trade deadline.
It's intuitive that the Blue Jays would suffer without Springer because he's such a good player, but this season has demonstrated that whenever he can't suit up there's a ripple effect throughout the team. The 31-year-old star is just one player, but his multi-faceted production makes him truly indispensable.
Here are the way the Blue Jays are weakened by the lack of Springer, just as they hit their crucial second homestand in Toronto:
Randal Grichuk is the everyday centre fielder
Grichuk often gets credit for doing an admirable job filling in for Springer in centre, but there's a difference between keeping your head above water and actually thriving. Grichuk has always been a solid corner outfielder, but his centre field work is below-average at this point in his career. That shows up in the numbers over the past two years, regardless of which defensive metric you favour:
While his raw speed isn't far off Springer's, his Jump — a measure of reaction time and direct routes for outfielders — has been significantly worse in each of the past three years, even in 2021 when Springer hasn't been at 100% for much of his time in the outfield.
It's the sort of thing that's tough to pick up on a broadcast because the camera is never on outfielders as the ball is hit, but Grichuk's inability to react quickly and take efficient routes to the ball eats into his defensive productivity — especially in centre where he has so much ground to cover.
Even with the defensive downgrade, Grichuk is the only player on the active roster the team feels confident can play the position, which means a guy who's hit .215/.260/.402 since the beginning of June is locked into the lineup.
The leadoff spot just isn't the same
Marcus Semien is having an excellent season and he's an experienced leadoff hitter, so the Blue Jays' Plan B is far from disastrous here. At the same time, Semien just isn't as well-equipped for the job as Springer.
The second baseman's career OBP is .324 and is .336 this season. Springer, on the other hand, has posted a career OBP of .361 and matched it in 2021 with a .362 mark. Semien is more of a base-stealing threat than the star outfielder, but both players have similar Sprint Speed numbers, and stealing in front of power hitters like Bo Bichette, Vladimir Guerrero Jr., and Teoscar Hernandez isn't a priority anyway.
What's making Semien's season so special is his power. He's just four home runs shy of his career high with 43 games left in the season, and his ISO is tied with the hulking Joey Gallo for 11th in the majors. His ability to get on base, on the other hand, is above the league average of .317, but not drastically so. A hitter who produces elite power numbers, but still makes approximately his fair share of outs is probably better suited for the third, fourth, or fifth hole in the lineup — which is where Semien could drive in some runs.
In the grand scheme of things, this isn't a season-derailing issue for the Blue Jays, but Springer's absence doesn't just shorten the lineup because it's down one great hitter — it warps it into a less optimal shape as well.
Semien will take over as the leadoff man in Springer's absence. (Photo by Cole Burston/Getty Images)
The matchup game is over
Before Springer went out, the Blue Jays had four other starting-calibre outfielders to fill the corners and the DH spot in Grichuk, Hernandez, Lourdes Gurriel Jr. and Corey Dickerson. That gave the team admirable flexibility to mix and match with the group in order to find the best matchups.
Springer and Hernandez were in the vast majority of the time, but with Grichuk, Gurriel Jr., and Dickerson there were enough moving parts to exploit opposing starters. Dickerson could take a seat against southpaws and the Grichuk-Gurriel Jr. duo could swap in and out depending on who matched up better with the starter. Though both are right-handed, Grichuk fares better against fastball-heavy pitchers while Gurriel Jr. excels against softer stuff, which create faultlines for playing-time decisions.
Now, all of that is out the window. Hernandez needs to be in the lineup because of his bat and Grichuk will get the call everyday to play centre, leaving Gurriel Jr. and Dickerson to slide into left field and the DH spot.
While that sounds easy, when the Blue Jays face a lefty they'll have to either play Dickerson — who's struggled against southpaws his whole career — or bring someone off the bench like rookies Kevin Smith and Otto Lopez. It will also be difficult to hide Grichuk or Gurriel Jr. against righties who are likely to give them trouble.
The Blue Jays aren't a team like the Tampa Bay Rays that thrives on putting a large collection of interchangeable players in favourable matchups, but with Springer in the lineup they were at least able to do that with the outfield. For now, their flexibility is gone.
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Hopefully, by the time you read this, the bulk of your preparations are done. With equipment checklists in place, maps and logistics sorted and your registration completed, you are ready to focus on the lead up to the race, and the run itself. Here are some more of my London Marathon Tips that will ensure that your weekend is as painless and enjoyable as possible.


text:
How The Global Hive Mind Is Teaming Up To Find A Cure For Alzheimer's
The initiative is just one example of several efforts that combine crowdsourcing and computing to tackle "hard problems."
[Photo: Flickr user Akira Ohgaki]
By George Lorenzo 5 minute Read
Since late computer scientist John McCarthy came up with the term artificial intelligence back in 1955, there's been plenty of scientific research and experimentation around achieving that goal. But we're still a long way off from fully reproducing the complexities of the human mind, despite all the exciting AI-related experiments we are witnessing at Google (autonomous cars), Facebook (facial recognition), Microsoft (language translation) and Amazon (voice recognition).
Some intrepid scientists are trying to bridge that gap by exploiting the hive mind–teaming some of the smartest computation researchers in the world. "Some supercomputers today are approaching the processing speed of the human brain although they require about a million times more energy than our 20-watt brains," says doctor of Cognitive Science and Mathematical Psychology and director of the Human Computation Institute (HCI) Pietro Michelucci. HCI is a one-year-old, Fairfax, Virginia-based, nonprofit startup comprised of a worldwide network of human computation researchers who are "dedicated to the betterment of society through novel methods leveraging the complementary strengths of networked humans and machines."
"Computer processing speed alone is not efficient enough to create intelligence," Michelucci adds. "It is really about the software, and the software that runs in the human brain is the culmination of millions of years of evolution optimizing the most complex information processor in the known universe. We still do not know how to replicate this complexity in machines, so we turn to things like human abstract thinking, creativity, and knowledge about how the world works."
Michelucci, with Cornell professor of Natural Resources and director of Citizen Science at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology Janis L. Dickenson, recently co-authored an article published in this month's Science magazine headlined "The power of crowds: Combining humans and machines can help tackle increasingly hard problems." The article is a perspective on how human computation, crowdsourcing, and so-called "Citizen Science" intersect with computing power to create new opportunities for problem-solving at unprecedented scales.
One of the problems Michelucci's HCI has started to address is Alzheimer's disease, through an initiative called WeCureALZ. Dickenson points to an interesting human computation oriented initiative at Cornell called YardMap that has set out, she says, "to learn a tremendous amount about how to improve the way we manage living and working landscapes, not only for species conservation, but for human health as well."
Tackling Alzheimer's
WeCureALZ was recently funded by the BrightFocus Foundation, a nonprofit that supports research to end Alzheimer's disease, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Michelucci explains that this initiative got its start when he was introduced to research currently being conducted by Harvard-trained physicists Chris B. Schaffer and Nozome Nishimura, both now professors at Cornell's Department of Biomedical Engineering, where they run the Schaffer-Nishimura Lab, in which a team of biomedical students and scholars use "advanced optical techniques to observe and manipulate in vivo [living organisms] biological systems, with the goal of developing a microscopic-scale understanding of normal and disease-state physiological processes in the brain."
In short, the Schaffer-Nishimura Lab, among many other projects, studies plaques, also called beta-amyloids, that have been known to destroy or complicate cell-to-cell communications in the brain, and a good reason to believe that such plaques are a major cause of Alzheimer's.
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How does human computation and crowdsourcing come into play in this scenario? "It took almost two years of painstaking data analysis by laboratory technicians to get the result that led to this discovery," Michelucci says. "The remaining data that needs to be done to get to a treatment target can literally take decades." By offloading this data analysis to a crowd of thousands of online citizen scientists and the general public, "we expect to be able to do it in just a few years."
An Online Game To Generate Human-Conducted Data Analysis
This kind of crowdsourcing methodology is already being conducted in a wide variety of human computation/online machine combination platforms, two of which will be used to launch the WeCureALZ initiative: Stardust@Home out of the University of California-Berkeley, where, since 2006, a crowd of more than 30,000 citizen scientists, called "dusters," have been analyzing data and images to find pristine interstellar dust particles that were brought back to Earth from a space probe conducted by NASA, and EyeWire, an MIT-originated online 3-D puzzle game in which hundreds of thousands of players are helping to map the human brain through a human-based computation platform that challenges players to map 3-D neurons in a retina.
The first phase of WeCureALZ, based on the Stardust@Home platform, is slated to launch in a few months, with the second phase, based on EyeWire game, soon to follow. Essentially, between the two platforms, humans will both identify stalled blood vessels as well as trace and map the overall network of blood vessels in the mice brain images. In the meantime, interested parties can pre-register to participate at the WeCureALZ website.
Regarding the other interesting human computation initiative, YardMap, Dickenson explains how more than 22,000 participants to date have used the online platform to create maps that represent their landscape and sustainable practices.
"Our main audience is householders, who can map their conservation practices in a very visual way and provide details about everything in their maps," she says. The platform uses habitat polygons and allows people to place trees, plants, and compost bins (as well as many other objects) onto their maps–"like FarmVille, only real," said one participant.
"We are testing different versions of YardMap over time, improving tools that allow people to work together and share not only their maps, which make their practices visible, but also their ideas," Dickenson adds. "We are interested in both learning and collective intelligence. We are testing ideas about how to create effective online learning spaces that allow people to share ideas and information, interact with each other, and engage in discourse about virtual representations of real-life practices. People are both the managers and the experts on their own backyards; this expertise when shared and displayed on maps can lead to new ideas that in turn can amplify impacts and lead to innovation."
For The Good Of All
In the end, projects like YardMap and WeCureALZ "hold great potential for public good," Dickenson says. "Ironically human computation may actually help to advance artificial intelligence," Michelucci notes. "Human computation systems themselves might be used to solve the problems in advancing machine-base intelligence. I think these two paths may end up being mutual catalysts. Either way, I don't see machine intelligence surpassing human intelligence in the foreseeable future."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to apt-get latest package version I am running Ubuntu 12.04.
I need to upgrade my version of gnome-control-center from gnome-control-center 1:3.4.1-0ubuntu1 to gnome-control-center 1:3.4.2-0ubuntu0.11 as it should hopefully fix something.
The problem is that I cannot seem to make my system become aware that 1:3.4.2 exists.
if I do, apt-show-versions -a gnome-control-center it will not give me any mention of the new version 1:3.4.2
I guess I need to add the repo to my apt-get sources. But how do I find out what this source is?
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/precise/+source/gnome-control-center
I know this is a dumb question but its driving me mad!

A: This does not work the way you expected. The repositories your Ubuntu distribution has configured contains only binaries for software in version that were compiled, tested, patched, compiled, tested against your version of the distribution.
To get version newer that is available on repositories you have two options:

*

*Find PPA that may contain software you're interested in in versions you are looking for. Follow the instruction and add it into your repository list (is it easy in Synaptic).

*Compile to software from sources. That may cause real mess in your packages installed if you do it not kosher way. So please read manuals & howtos about preparing your own package.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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      Boost.Test releases:

          Boost.Test v3.14 / boost 1.74

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          Boost.Test v3.11 / boost 1.71

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          Boost.Test v3.4 / boost 1.63

          Boost.Test v3.3 / boost 1.62

          Boost.Test v3.2 / boost 1.61

          Boost.Test v3.1 / boost 1.60

          Boost.Test v3 / boost 1.59

      Boost.Test
      v3.14 / boost 1.74

      New
      features

          Now able to detect when running under a debugger on macOS/iOS. When running
          under a debugger, Boost.Test does not try to catch system errors and the
          behaviour is the same as if the command line catch_system_error option was
          set to no. Thanks to Tom Hughes for this feature.

          Adding support for Embarcadero C++ clang-based compilers, thanks to Edward Diener

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #GH-264 GCC suggest-override warnings

          #GH-269 Deprecated bind placeholders in tests

          #PR-142 Make under_debugger
          work on apple (iOS/macOS)

          #PR-266 Changes for Embarcadero C++ clang-based compilers

          #PR-267 Use macOS API only on macOS

      Boost.Test
      v3.13 / boost 1.73

      New
      features

          It is now possible to combine tolerance indication, user message and collection
          comparison modifier in a single BOOST_TEST
          expression

std::vector<double> v1 = f();
std::vector<double> v2{1.1, 1.19};
BOOST_TEST(v1 == v2, boost::test_tools::tolerance( 1e-3 ) << "comparison to ground truth failed" << boost::test_tools::per_element());

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #GH-173 Compare collections of floating point values with tolerance

          #GH-179 test_tools-test failed on some archs

          #GH-220 Support for cuda nvcc

          #GH-221 Coverity security issue (minor) (umask)

          #GH-235 Ugly GCC -Wattributes
          warnings that cannot be suppressed using included
          variant

          #GH-237 Clang-cl's -Wdelete-non-abstract-non-virtual-dtor
          triggered by test_case_gen

          #GH-241 warning: comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe [-Wfloat-equal]

          #GH-245 code coverity test defect

          #GH-246 Incorrect usage of BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED

          #GH-251 Context message are always printed if both HRF and Junit loggers
          are enabled

          #GH-253 Invalid XML log is generated by BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE
          when tests are skipped

          #GH-254 Console colors are not restored on Windows

          #GH-263 Windows: Header-only mode with multiple translation units requires
          BOOST_TEST_NO_LIB

          #PR-41 Fix: activate virtual destructors for all msvc
          versions

          #PR-114 Silence unreachable code warning in MSVC (/W4)

          #PR-187 enable BOOST_TEST
          with tolerance and user-message (through #GH-173)

          #PR-239 Fix unused variable warning in unit_test_main.ipp

          #PR-247 Use __linux__
          instead of __linux

          #PR-252 Fix compilation issue due to deleted std::basic_ostream::operator<< from wchar_t

          #PR-259 Avoid deprecated bind placeholders in global namespace

          #PR-265 Suppress the unused parameter warning for root_test_unit_id

          #11107 A lot of warnings on MSVC due to protected destructor being
          non-virtual

          #12072 Lots of C4265
          warnings in test when using Visual Studio 2015 (duplicates #11107)

      Boost.Test
      v3.12 / boost 1.72

      New
      features

          Support for C++17 std::string_view has been added.

          Better diagnostic on boost::exception
          and no rtti mode (thanks to Mikhail Pilin / #PR-234)

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #GH-206 compile-time disabled test not correctly handled by junit log

          #GH-217 Data test cases fail with bool
          initializer list

          #GH-223 Unable to filter test by name (-t, --run_test) if template type contains multiple
          parameters

          #GH-229 Random shuffle deprecated

          #PR-227 Add printf format
          checking attribute to report_error

          #PR-231 OpenBSD is missing SI_ASYNCIO
          and SI_MESGQ

          #PR-232 fix timeout in windows

          #PR-234 boost::diagnostic_information()
          works in no rtti mode

      Boost.Test
      v3.11 / boost 1.71

      New
      features

          Now BOOST_TEST can be used
          to compare abstract types

      Breaking
      changes

          Marking more headers as deprecated: this might break some compilations
          depending on the warning policies.

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          Fixing a small bug on named timers (Windows only). The bug is visible when
          several test modules are executed in parallel on the same machine.

          #GH-209 BOOST_TEST_CHECK
          can't compare abstract classes using gcc

          #GH-218 Default file name (for logger output files)

          #PR-219 Commented out unused argument name (stack_decorator::apply)

          #PR-224 Add BOOST_HEADER_DEPRECATED
          to deprecated headers

      Boost.Test
      v3.10 / boost 1.70

      New
      features

          New documentation section about custom
          command line arguments

          Custom
          datasets are not required to declare a inner type sample anymore

          Boost.Test does not depend on Boost.Timer any more (which was pulling also
          Boost.Chrono and Boost.System as transitive dependencies).

          Now Boost.Test raises an exception when the test case times-out on Windows.
          Prior to this release, times-out on Windows were not failing the test cases.
          Note that signaling is not available on Windows, and it is not possible
          to interrupt a test even in case of time out.

          Time-out now applies to test-suites as well: a test-suite is marked as
          timed-out if it exceeds the allocated time. The test units that were not
          executed at the time-point of the time-out are skipped.

          It is now possible to pass several values for the same context via the
          tool BOOST_TEST_CONTEXT.

          A new macro BOOST_TEST_INFO_SCOPE let define
          a context for the current scope in a sticky way.

          It is now possible to use floating
          point comparison without being required to cast both operands to
          floating point types. Now Boost.Test uses floating point comparisons for
          expressions such as

BOOST_TEST(3.0001 == 3);

          See this
          section for more information.

      Breaking
      changes

          Boost.Test minimal.hpp is now showing a deprecation warning.
          minimal.hpp has been deprecated for a long time
          already, and will be removed in the near future. Please switch to eg. the
          header only variable of Boost.Test. Tests using minimal.hpp
          can readily be converted to the header variant. For instance, the following
          code:

#include <boost/test/minimal.hpp>
int test_main( int, char *[] )
{
  ...
}

          may be rewritten as:

#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_main)
{
  ...
}

          The floating point comparison behavior change may use this type of comparison
          while previously using straight relational operator comparison. In particular
          this may causes new warnings.

          the member function boost::unit_test::unit_test_log_formatter::log_build_info
          has slightly changed to accept an additional boolean argument. If you have
          a custom logger, you will need to update its signature.

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #GH-133 Timeout effect on Windows

          #GH-138 expected_failures doesn't work for BOOST_DATA_TEST_CASE

          #GH-141 Support for Boost.MP11 and Boost.Hana type lists

          #GH-157 Test name should handle const-volatile specifiers

          #GH-160 suppress -Wformat-overflow
          when optimization is enabled on GCC 8.2.0

          #GH-174 UBSAN identified
          a problem at exit time by gcc-8 only

          #GH-176 [snippet_dataset1_3] seems to be broken

          #GH-177 boost_check_equal-str-test
          failed on llvm

          #GH-180 Unreachable code warning on MSVC builds in test matrix

          #GH-181 doc_example22
          (and 23) are expected to fail,
          but do not on clang with release variant builds

          #GH-194 master_test_suite
          declared twice

          #GH-196 junit report: test error is also reported as failure

          #GH-198 Support BOOST_UNIT_TEST_FRAMEWORK_DYN_LINK
          et al

          #GH-199 Runtime type_mismatch
          after upgrade to 1.69

          #GH-202 boost/timer.hpp is deprecated

          #GH-203 Test cases with datasets and fixtures don't support flexible
          fixture interface

          #GH-204 Feature Request: Allow specifying timeouts for test cases with
          datasests.

          #GH-208 Incorrect handling of timed-tests on Windows

          #GH-211 windows.h should be lower case

          #GH-212 Comment ar parameter
          of assertion_result to
          avoid warning

          #GH-213 BOOST_SYMBOL_VISIBLE
          cannot be used for enums
          with Sun Studio

          #PR-171 Correct library name in test runner help screen

          #PR-172 Check for non-used variables when NDEBUG
          is defined

          #PR-182 fix use of bind1st
          in example 12

          #PR-183 remove superfluous semicolon in example
          04

          #PR-184 fix example to use the correct variable and avoid unused variable
          warning

          #PR-185 Added CI framework

          #PR-190 fix warning on gcc-7.3 in cygwin claiming master_test_suite
          is declared differently

          #PR-195 Fix MinGW compilation problems

          #PR-197 Feature Request: BOOST_TEST_CONTEXT
          that doesn't require introducing a new scope with braces

          #PR-205 Fix MinGW vsnprintf
          compile errors and warnings

          #PR-214 Fixes an issue with sun_cc lacking the __global attribute for
          enums

          #7397 Boost.Test, since boost 1.48
          is using the deprecated Boost.Timer
          class (solved via #GH-202)

          #9434 error: namespace boost::timer {}
          re-declared as different kind of symbol (solved via #GH-202)

          #13106 libs/test/tools/console_test_runner does not compile

          #13418 Request: allow general typelist types in BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE()

      Boost.Test
      v3.9 / boost 1.69

      New
      features

          Official support of header-only variant of Boost.Test with multiple translation
          units. This feature was available but needed to be properly documented
          (here
          and here).

          It is now possible to manually add a test case by specifying its name,
          with BOOST_TEST_CASE_NAME

          Better logging of messages in boost::exception

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #GH-149 Setting color_output=no does not disable the output of color
          format codes

          #GH-150 Some headers fail to compile independently

          #GH-156 close_at_tolerance
          always returns false for comparisons
          of infinity

          #GH-158 Detecting boost_test_print_type
          does not work when testing a type with an explicit conversion to bool

          #GH-163 Significant start slowdown on MSVC x64/Debug after upgrade to
          v1.68.0

          #PR-147 Catch block for boost::exception
          appears after std::exception in execution_monitor::execute()

          #PR-148 Colored output contradiction

          #PR-151 Fix warning: BOOST_CLANG
          is not defined, evaluates to 0

          #PR-154 When specifying --color_output=no, don't output color codes

          #PR-161 add a self-containment test

          #13380 data-driven tests' join operator +
          corrupts first column (duplicates #12216)

          #13625 Boost.test fail to compile with -Werror=missing-declarations on some architectures

          #13637 Fix for Bug #12597 causes a problem with BOOST_TEST_CASE

      Boost.Test
      v3.8 / boost 1.68

      New
      features

          The tests generated from a dataset are now instantiated during the framework
          setup. This let the dataset generator access the argc
          and argv of the master
          test suite. For indicating a dataset that should be instantiated in a delayed
          manner, a new data::make_delayed helper has been introduced.

          It is now possible to create a dataset with data::make,
          with variable number of arguments. As the datasets are monomorphic, it
          should be possible to cast all elements to the first element type.

      Breaking
      changes

          the master_test_suite_t is not copyable
          anymore.

          As datasets can now be delayed, it might be that additional copies of the
          dataset arguments are performed. This is especially the case for datasets
          created out of an std::initializer_list.

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #PR-143 Fix exception_api.run-fail.cpp doc example

          #PR-145 Fix build of library on recent Cygwin editions

          #12095 disabling test with precondition leads to error

          #12953 access to master_test_suite().{argc, argv}

          #13504 [Boost::Test] short form of catch_system_errors
          not working

          #13525 Boost Test 1.67.0: Compilation error with GCC 4.6.3

          #13528 Boost Test 1.67 crashes when the --report_sink command-line parameter is
          used

      Boost.Test
      v3.7 / boost 1.67

      Breaking
      changes

          Now colour is on by default for the output streams that are either std::cout or std::cerr.
          This can be disabled by passing --no_color_ouput
          (or just --no_color)
          to the command line.

          Adding test cases with the same name to the same test suite is reported
          as an error. This impacts template
          and parametrized
          test cases, as well as manually registered tests. Make sure you have no
          duplicate names.

      New
      features

          Colour output on Windows

          Improved and clearer command line help

          BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE
          now accepts a sequence of types in an std::tuple

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #PR-112 Deliberate-failure tests shouldn't be optimized

          #PR-118 Update VxWorks support

          #PR-118 [clang] Fix [-Wc++11-narrowing] error

          #PR-121 fix compiler warning

          #PR-122 Fix some fallthrough warnings with gcc
          >= 7

          #PR-125 Prevent 2 unused parameter warnings

          #PR-127 Silence 'unused variable' warning

          #PR-134 Fix stdcerr file
          creation on shutdown

          #PR-136 Change Windows.h include
          to all-lowercase (MinGW)

          #12092 Request: allow std::tuple
          typelists in BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE

          #12596 Sanitize metacharacters in test names

          #12597 Report tests with clashing names

          #12969 Problem linking print_helper_t<nullptr_t> under Clang

          #13058 errors.hpp in Boost Test requires warning C4946 to be off

          #13149 Dependency decorators on parent suites

          #13170 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE
          don't want typedef for list

          #13181 Boost test can't compare classes which have begin
          and end but not const_iterator

          #13371 Use-after-free with --log_sink=file

          #13387 Test header fails to compile

          #13398 Log format JUNIT generates invalid XML files

          #13407 Boost.Test appears to crash under Cygwin

          #13435 BOOST_TEST_GLOBAL_CONFIGURATION
          (result report shutdown time)

          #13443 Boost.Test data driven test fails to compile when number of
          samples greater than 9

      Boost.Test
      v3.6 / boost 1.65

      Breaking
      changes

          BOOST_GLOBAL_FIXTURE is flagged
          as deprecated and will be removed in a later version

          Using test assertions and macros is not allowed when used inside BOOST_GLOBAL_FIXTURE. Please use
          BOOST_TEST_GLOBAL_FIXTURE instead
          (see below).

          the interface for loggers has slightly changed to take into account the
          current log level. This is for addressing #12631.

      New
      features

          VS2017 / C++17 compatibility (thanks to Daniela Engert)

          Deprecating BOOST_GLOBAL_FIXTURE in favor
          of BOOST_TEST_GLOBAL_FIXTURE and
          BOOST_TEST_GLOBAL_CONFIGURATION.
          This helps separating the logic of the fixtures associated to the master
          test suite, from the one used for setting up the logging and reporting
          facility, and results in a general cleaner design.

          It is possible to use now the BOOST_TEST check to comparing
          a collection with respect to regular arrays. See this
          section for more details.

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #PR-106 replace deprecated binders and adapters, and random_shuffle
          by more modern equivalents

          #5282 Test fixtures do not support virtual inheritance

          #5563 using a test macro in a global fixture crashes Boost.Test

          #11471 array is a sequence

          #11962 BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE
          in fixture constructor - invalid XML

          #12228 Some test headers fail to compile independently

          #12631 BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE
          generates incorrect output when used in BOOST_DATA_TEST_CASE

          #13011 BOOST_TEST broken
          with floating point relational operators

      Boost.Test
      v3.5 / boost 1.64

      New
      features

          Now Boost.Test provides customization
          points for logging user defined types: this solution is less intrusive
          than forcing the definition of operator<< for a specific type.

          JUnit
          output format can now have a log-level
          set between success and
          non-fatal error,
          and defaults to general information.

          JUnit
          output format is now more efficient in case a lot of checks are
          done in a test module.

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #PR-107 BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
          typo making throw_exception
          unusable under some circumstances

          #PR-108 Change capital variable names to lowercase

          #11756 boost.Test: non standards compliant use of FE_* macros (unable to compile boost test library
          on FPU-less arches) (reopened)

          #12540 Provide customization point for printing types in tests

          #12712 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE:
          Generate unique names by using __COUNTER__

          #12748 Boost.Test defines a variable called VERSION

          #12778 Boost.Test is broken against left shift operator in certain
          cases (nullptr issue)

      Boost.Test
      v3.4 / boost 1.63

      Breaking
      changes

          Now colons that appear in test case names are replaced with underscores.
          This affect mainly the template/typed
          test cases. The change is needed since the colon ':' is interpreted as a filter separators
          since 1.62, and it is otherwise not possible to execute the tests reported
          by --list_content.
          See #12531 for more details.

      New
      features

          Now per_element
          and lexicographic
          modifiers of BOOST_TEST can also be applied
          to string comparison. See string
          comparison for more details.

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #PR-103 Syntactic change silences latest gcc warnings

          #PR-105 Fix unused parameter warnings/errors with gcc 6

          #11756 boost.Test: non standards compliant use of FE_* macros (unable to compile boost test library
          on FPU-less arches)

          #11907 Why does BOOST_TEST() treat std::string
          as a collection?

          #12339 Propose users given way to disable blink in colour output

          #12506 typo in Boost.test report_sink
          description

          #12507 Boost.test --report_sink
          parameter broken

          #12530 No way to find out Boost.Test version without running any tests

          #12531 --run_test
          in Boost 1.62 does not accept test names which contain ':'

      Boost.Test
      v3.3 / boost 1.62

      New
      features

          Boost.Test now treats each sample of a dataset test case as being a uniquely
          named test case under the same test suite, which enables the (re)run of
          one particular sample from the command line interface. See here
          for more details,

          Boost.Test learned to interpret ':' as a separator for the test filters:
          the string passed to --run_test
          generates tokens as if --run_test has been repeated, which enables
          the set up of several test filters through the associated environment variable
          BOOST_TEST_RUN_FILTERS

          the Unit Test Framework learned to log the messages
          in the xUnit/JUNIT log format. See here
          for more details.

          the Unit Test Framework learned to have several loggers
          at the same time, each of which with their own log level and log sink.
          See the associated command line switch --logger
          and corresponding environment variable BOOST_TEST_LOGGER
          for more details.

          loggers are now able to indicate their default output stream and log level.

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #PR-81 Possibility to remove the support of the alternative stack at compilation
          time. See BOOST_TEST_DISABLE_ALT_STACK for
          more details.

          #8707 Provide Standard xUnit XML Output from Boost Test

          #8834 Boost Test should be able to generate report in both XML and HRF
          together

          #11128 [bb10/qnx failures]
          Build error

          #11845 Ability to generate the unique and stable test name for every
          data set in BOOST_DATA_TEST_CASE

          #11859 Wrong handling of "," in Run-Parameters

          #12024 boost test depends on nonexisting abi::__cxa_demangle
          on android

          #12093 Boost 1.60.0: Build fails (gcc 4.6)

          #12103 Fix for gcc bug 58952 (getchar() is defined as a macro in uClibc)

          #12224 Crash on MSVC with RTTI disabled

          #12241 Data-driven testing over a range of std::tuple
          has broken

          #12257 Incorrect line numbers in test_units
          generated from test_case_gen

          #12378 Compilation errors with clang 3.8

      Boost.Test
      v3.2 / boost 1.61

      New
      features

          now datasets support any arity,
          using the variadic template support of the compiler.

          now datasets support fixtures through BOOST_DATA_TEST_CASE_F,
          see here
          for more details

          now datasets honors move semantics of the types used for samples

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #6767 Use of namespace qualifier with floating point exception functions
          breaks if they are macros

          #8905 boost/test/impl/debug.ipp: Ignores return value from WaitForSingleObject

          #9443 Runtime parameter Random seed for random order of test cases not
          respected correctly

          #11854 Add fixture support in BOOST_DATA_TEST_CASE

          #11887 BOOST_TEST(3u == (std::max)(0u, 3u)) fails

          #11889 BOOST_DATA_TEST_CASE
          fails to compile for 4D and higher dimensional grids

          #11983 Boost Test XML Report contains unescaped XML characters

      Boost.Test
      v3.1 / boost 1.60

      New
      major features

          improved API for datasets

                it is now possible to use initializer lists

                the use of make as
                top left dataset is not necessary anymore

          improved command line interface

                clearer help commands

                now proposes closest matching command in case of ambiguity

                reports invalid or ambiguous parameters: this might break existing
                calls when user defined commands are provided to the test module.
                The following calling convention should be adopted:

                      if the test module uses user supplied commands, those should
                      be passed after an empty token --

                      all boost.test related commands should be passed before --, if any

                Example: the call

test_module --user-arg1=xy --log_level=test_suite

                should be rewritten to

test_module --log_level=test_suite -- --user-arg1=xy

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #3384 Double-quoted arguments including spaces are divided by Boost.Test.

          #3897 Test framework does not include <osreldate.h>
          before testing __FreeBSD_version
          (fixed in 1.59)

          #6032 Program options within init_unit_test_suite
          are incorrect when using path and whitespaces

          #6859 Boost.Test eats away last empty command line parameter

          #7257 Boost.Test alters and does not restore ostream
          precision after any Test macro (fixed in 1.59)

          #9228 Patch to make Boost.Test work with RTTI disabled (fixed in 1.59)

          #10317 boost::test corrupts contents of argv
          if a paramter contains whitespace

          #11279 invalid parameters should be reported

          #11478 Boost Test Exception Assert Failure has poor message

          #11571 Can't compile BOOST_TEST( ..., per_element()
          ) comparison of vector<string>

          #11623 Clang rejects some simple BOOST_TEST() statements

          #11624 BOOST_TEST(
          0.0 ==
          0.0 )
          fails under C++11 (GCC and Clang)

          #11625 BOOST_TEST(
          ..., per_element() ) erroneously
          requires collections are comparable

      Boost.Test
      v3 / boost 1.59

      New
      major features

          BOOST_TEST generic assertion

          data
          driven test cases: supersedes the parametric test case (unary test
          cases)

          test units attributes,
          that allow finer control over test units property and behavior

          logical grouping of the test units using labels

          support for declaring dependencies
          over test cases

          attributes for enabling
          or disabling test execution based on static, compile-time or runtime
          rules

          extended unit
          test filtering from the command line (negation, labels, ...)

          color output with color_output

          test bed listing with list_content

          rewritten documentation using quickbook

      Bugfixes
      and feature requests

          #2018 Error in the documentation chapter "Runtime parameters reference"

          #2450 equations in Floating-point comparison algorithms html are not
          rendered properly

          #2600 Unit Test Framework - missed documentation

          #2717 BOOST_<level>_EQUAL_COLLECTION docs typo

          #2759 Typos in test new-year-resolution.html

          #3182 _CrtSetReportFile
          can be used to redirect memory leaks report

          #3316 Access violation when trying to log from init_tests_func

          #3392 Boost::Test: Wrong contents for documentation of the BOOST_TEST_PASSPOINT macro

          #3402 Invalid define name in documentation (duplicates ##2717)

          #3445 incorrect link in the docs

          #3463 GT is GREAT!

          #3542 Bug in documentation of detect_memory_leak parameter (duplicates
          ##2018)

          #3481 Boost Testing doesn't work under Sun Solaris Containers (duplicates
          ##3592)

          #3495 Boost::Test enters endless loop when running in vserver environment (duplicates ##3592)

          #3592 under_debugger() goes into infinite loop

          #3595 Typo (duplicates ##2759)

          #3623 Boost Test Typo (duplicates ##2759)

          #3664 SIGCHLD always
          considered fatal error

          #3784 Documentation errors in Execution Monitor Compilation

          #3785 Documentation errors in Program Execution Monitor implementation

          #3811 global namespace pollution

          #3834 doc: probably incorrect HTML rendering (duplicates ##2450)

          #3896 erroneous documentation in boost test command line parameter description

          #3932 Error in BOOST_<level>_GT
          description (duplicates ##3463)

          #3938 doc: incorrect macro name (duplicates ##2759)

          #3964 Documentation for BOOST_<level>_CLOSE_FRACTION
          is incorrect

          #3978 Failed to completely redirect TestLog to file, bugfix appended

          #3979 <boost/test/exception_safety.hpp> requires additional includes

          #4161 spelling mistakes...

          #4275 Documentation error Boost.Test (duplicates ##2717)

          #4389 Enable boost_test to run specific tests with any required dependent
          tests.

          #4434 BOOST_AUTO_EST_CASE
          typos in docs

          #4587 Broken link in website

          #4806 Invalid link (examples not showing up in documentation)

          #4911 ENH: boost.test output the exception real type name.

          #4923 Missing semicolon in documentation example

          #4924 Minor typo in Boost::Test docs

          #4982 Boost.Test has misspelled Gennadiy Rozental e-mail address

          #5008 Boost.Test does not do check-pointing of entry/exit of test cases

          #5036 Boost.Test VC memory leak report should direct to stderr

          #5262 Run tests by name utility doesn't support negation

          #5374 Errors from Boost.Test are no more shown in the Error list in
          VS2010

          #5412 XML formatter in test library processes strings with subsequences
          ]]> incorrectly

          #5563 using a test macro in a global fixture crashes Boost.Test

          #5582 There is a memory leak in the BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE

          #5599 boost::test documentation gives poor instruction

          #5718 broken link to unit testing framework examples

          #5729 Missing static_cast in fpt_limits

          #5870 The warning stack is not maintained

          #5972 Support program option to only dump the test-tree in text to output
          stream

          #6002 Failed to completely redirect TestLog to file (duplicates)

          #6071 Boost Test (Boost 1.46.0) GCC 4.6.1 error: ambiguous overload
          for 'operator[]'

          #6074 warnings-as-errors not usable with Boost.test in release mode

          #6161 SunOS: bad putenv
          declaration (duplicates #6766)

          #6766 incorrect declaration for putenv
          in config.hpp

          #6712 Eliminate warnings with GCC

          #6748 Link in the documentation points to wrong page

          #7046 Output full error message, not just 512 chars

          #7136 Correct documentation for BOOST_<level>_CLOSE_FRACTION
          is not reflected into released documents

          #7410 Test Units (Cases and Suites) in Boost.Test do not capture __FILE__ and __LINE__
          at declaration point making it impossible to provide source file linking
          using external test management tools

          #7894 Boost.Test documentation contains no linking instructions

          #8201 Broken link in document

          #8272 BOOST_REQUIRE_CLOSE
          fails to compile with boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float_100
          (duplicates ##11054)

          #8467 Incorrect link in document (duplicates ##6748)

          #8679 Boost.Test pollutes boost namespace with it's own enable_if/disable_if templates

          #8862 Boost.Test typo in documentation

          #8895 English error in test collection comparison

          #9179 Documentation: broken link (unable to find const_string.hpp/const_string_test.cpp)

          #9272 boost::test BOOST_<level>_GT
          documentation bug (duplicates ##3463)

          #9390 Incomplete BOOST_TEST_DONT_PRINT_LOG_VALUE

          #9409 Some source code examples are missing

          #9537 const_string_test example fails

          #9539 Floating-point comparison algorithms aren't formatted correctly

          #9581 Squassabia reference link gives 404 not found

          #9960 Warnings on Clang

          #10256 [boost test] - issue: sigaltstack

          #10318 Minor documentation fix

          #10394 Broken links in Boost Test documentation

          #10888 Assertion failures don't show up in the errors pane in VS 2010,
          VS 2012 or VS 2013 (duplicates)

          #11054 Floating-point comparison of multiprecision values fails if
          expression template is on

          #11347 DS identifier
          causes test failures in doc/examples/dataset_example*.cpp

          #11358 Boost.Test v3 warning could helpfully be suppressed.

          #11359 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS:
          can't control output operator (duplicates #9390)

          #11425 use-of-uninitialized-value (obsolete)

Copyright © 2001-2020 Boost.Test contributors

        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A record player created from a piece of corrugated cardboard that folds into an evelope. Once assembled, a record can be spun on the player with a pencil. The vibrations go through the needle and are amplified in the cardboard material. The players were sent out creative directors across North America as a creative demonstration of GGRP's sound engineering capabilities.


text:
The Windstar vertical-axis turbine is a lift-type device with straight blades attached at each end to a central rotating shaft. Windstar turbines were invented by Robert Nason Thomas and developed by Wind Harvest International, Inc., formerly the Wind Harvest Company, based in Point Reyes, California. Windstar turbines are operated as Linear Array Vortex Turbine Systems (LAVTS). Each rotor unit has a dual braking system of pneumatic disc brakes and blade pitch. All Windstar models use off-the-shelf generators, gearboxes, bearings and other components.

History
In 2001 and 2002, three guyed prototype versions of the Windstar Model 530G were installed in Palm Springs, California. The Model 530G prototype used extruded aluminum blades, was supported by a guyed cable system and was rated at 25 kW. The three 530G turbines were placed in close proximity, creating the first Linear Array Vortex Turbine System (LAVTS).  The 530G LAVTS was rated at 75 KW and was run continuously for five years to collect performance data.

In 2006, Wind Harvest International began design work on a series of Windstar turbine models to take advantage of the properties demonstrated in the 530G LAVTS prototype: Model 636, 1500 and 3000 turbines. The Model 636 is a direct evolution of the 530G, with an increase in blade length, in order to increase swept area, and including a modified bearing design.  The 1500 and 3000 turbine models stand  high with a  rotor and 50-75 kW generators. The Windstar 1500 is  wide and is designed for higher wind speed locations. The Windstar 3000 will be  wide to operate better in lower wind speed locations (14-16 mph). Model 636 continues to use extruded aluminum blades, similar to the 530G.  Models 1500 and 3000 use pultruded fiberglass blades.

By 2010, Windstar Model 636 turbines were placed on the transitional list for approved wind energy generation systems qualifying for the FIT (Feed-in-Tariff) energy pricing in the UK.  In 2011, Wind Harvest International, Inc. began the process for MCS certification of the Model 636 LAVTS.

Linear Array Vortex Turbine Systems
The Linear Array Vortex Turbine System (LAVTS) consists of three or more Windstar vertical-axis rotors, each with their own 25-75 kW generator, placed in a linear array with each rotor's blades passing within two feet of its neighbor.  In this configuration, the center rotors gain an increase in energy output and efficiency.  Observation of this effect (the coupled vortex effect) on Windstar turbines in field tests led to the issuance of .

Coupled Vortex Effect
Windstar turbines are built in arrays of three or more turbines in order to take advantage of the "coupled vortex effect."  The coupled vortex effect was identified through field tests of Windstar 530G turbines and is made possible by the fact that straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine blades passing in close proximity to one another in opposite directions create lift and torque on their neighboring blades, boosting the energy production of an array in comparison with a single turbine's performance. See patent . A mathematical model of the phenomenon and its effect on Windstar turbine performance was made possible by grant funds from the California Energy Commission in 2010., Research on similar vertical axis turbine configurations have independently confirmed the effect, linking the phenomenon's boost of performance to the fluid efficiency observed in schools of fish.

Windstar Model 636
Windstar Model 636 is a commercial model of the Windstar turbine offered by Wind Harvest International, Inc.  It is a direct evolution of their earlier guyed model the 530G.  It uses similar components with some modifications geared toward the commercial market.  Modifications of the design include longer blades and a new bearing assembly.

Windstar Models 1500 and 3000
These two models were designed based on field data from the 530G prototype field testing in the LAVTS configuration. Mathematical modeling of these turbines was conducted by IOPARA, Inc., made possible by a grant from the California Energy Commission in 2010. Model 3000 will stand 50 ft high with a 40 ft tall rotor.  The Windstar Model 3000 will be 75 ft wide and used for lower wind speed locations (14-16 mph).  The Windstar Model 1500 will have a similar rotor height and will be 37.5 ft wide.  The Model 1500 is designed for higher wind speed locations.

References

External links
Wind Harvest
Commonground Magazine article

  Coupled vortex vertical-axis wind turbine.

Vertical axis wind turbines

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