text:
"Sizzling sound" of mp3's is preferred
Topic: "Sizzling sound" of mp3's is preferred (Read 31921 times) previous topic - next topic
YaIBetYouDo
I wonder how much of this sizzling mp3 is due to clipping. I recently encoded several albums for my ipod using the latest lame encoder and the V0 setting.
I was considering using mp3gain to make the percieved volume more or less the same for all tha albums and was suprised to see when using the analysis mode, almost every single track throughout the set of albums exibited clipping and mp3 gain recommended a reduction in volume in every album to eliminate this clipping, I have yet to test whether this clipping is evident in the original cd or wether the mp3 encoder is setting the volume information too high in the frame headers.
Last Edit: 2009-03-16 18:15:14 by YaIBetYouDo
GregDunn
Quote from: MichaelW on 2009-03-16 04:00:18
And, also, I'd be surprised if anyone old enough to have a friend with a 15 y.o. daughter would get straight answers from said daughter; I mean, we just wouldn't understand (and, very probably, we wouldn't).
It depends on the individual, for sure. When my daughter was 15, we used to have long discussions about musical styles and specific bands. This led eventually to her joining a band, and introduced me to other young people who also had good awareness about music. Today, she owns a coffee shop and I get to chat frequently with her employees and younger friends, most of whom also have surprisingly thorough knowledge of music (old and new) and styles. I could list more examples; it may be related to the fact that I tend to hang out with educated people and their kids. But it surely isn't a problem holding a sensible conversation with the majority of them.
And, finally, let me end this rambling rant with a reminder of Sturgeon's Revelation: "Ninety per cent of everything is crap."
Utterly true. I have listened real-time to over 50 years of music, so I remember the 50s, the 60s, etc. Every time someone confronts me with the inevitable "Oh, the [fill in decade] was the best; they haven't had any good music since then" I come back immediately with "90% of it was crap. Also 90% of the music from the 50s was crap. And the 60s. And..." I switched radio stations a lot while listening, because the ratio of quality to junk was so low. That's part of the reason I started buying records, and why I have my iPod close at hand. I can keep that 10% from each decade all in one place and listen to what I want. Without the scratches, warps, pressing errors, wear...
It just struck me as an amusing side observation: 128k MP3s throw away about 90% of the signal in their compression. It surely doesn't seem to do much damage to the sound quality. Maybe even 90% of the good stuff is crap, too.
MichaelW
@GregDunn: your daughter, and her friends who know you, sure; teenager meeting new adult, not so much.
Hmm, a 90/10 rule. Like the old one about advertising: You can throw away 90% of music, and no one will care: the trick is knowing which 10% to keep.
From another ancient member of the Crocs 'n' iPods crowd.
kornchild2002
Quote from: YaIBetYouDo on 2009-03-16 17:54:51
almost every single track throughout the set of albums exibited clipping and mp3 gain recommended a reduction in volume in every album to eliminate this clipping
There was a discussion about this a few days ago. It seems that MP3Gain reports clipping even though it isn't always audible. I still think it is wise to reduce the volume of tracks down to -89dB so that they all match and the affects of clipping are reduced. Just know that the tracks that MP3Gain reports as having clipping may not have audible clipping. That and I don't think clipping has anything to do with why mp3 is preferred. Clipping will be there whether people listen to an audio CD or an mp3 ripped from that audio CD. More than likely, the sound of mp3 may be preferred (given that this test was actually blind and scientific) simply because people have become used to it. I remember when I used to listen for that hiss when playing my cassette tapes. In fact, I purchased Korn's self-titled album on cassette and then purchased it on CD later that year (1994) as I purchased my first CD player. I was disappointed when I didn't hear what I thought was a standard audible hiss. I don't know if that is the case with what this study was trying to prove as the methodology has come into question and so has the encoder settings.
Agreed; but music makes a great conversation starter.
Trifles make perfection, and perfection is no trifle.
Members (Donating)
Quote from: GregDunn on 2009-03-17 03:14:40
Actually no. Musical tastes are a private matter for many people. I myself have a rather uncomfortable habit of expressing what has been construed as naked condescension in music discussions IRL (which I do need to work on), sooo it's often a pretty good idea to keep my opinions to myself.
Last Edit: 2009-03-17 03:34:35 by Axon
singaiya
Yeah it depends, but for me it brings people together. My closest and oldest friend I met because I was wearing a band shirt he liked so we started talking music. We talk or hang out on a weekly basis still and we met in 1991.
DyingSun
Quote from: Slipstreem on 2009-03-16 11:49:19
I realise that you're new around here, but I'd highly recommend that you read the Hydrogenaudio Terms Of Service (specifically TOS#8) before posting utter nonsense like this again... unless you were joking, of course.
Well, so much for a welcoming message...
I had no idea you needed a PhD in physics and an audio lab set up at home to substantiate your personal opinions.
With the TOS article you mention in mind, it seems to me that your comment represents as much nonsense as mine, with the added rudeness towards a newcomer that you so arrogantly display.
I sincerely have no further interest in collaborating in this or any other discussion in such an elitist forum.
Slipstreem
There's nothing even remotely elitist about this forum. If there was, I'd certainly have no interest in it. I was merely pointing out the rules that you agreed to when joining this forum. I wasn't being deliberately rude.
Your statement of...
The sound is just immense, crystal clear and involving in a way that no compressed digital format comes ever even close!
(emboldened for clarity of my point)
...looked more like a statement of fact than personal opinion to me. If that's not the case then I apologise for any upset caused. On the other hand, if you're saying that SA-CD is sonically better than a properly used lossy format then you have to substantiate that claim.
This could easily be done by yourself at no expense by comparing the two with Foobar2000 and the ABX Comparator tool that comes with it. Your personal scientifically-proven findings would interest many of us here, I'm sure.
I don't make the rules, I just do my best to stick to them, as do all the other members. As long as you do likewise you'll be made to feel welcome.
Cheers, Slipstreem.
Last Edit: 2009-03-17 12:09:06 by Slipstreem
Quote from: DyingSun on 2009-03-17 11:26:03
Well, so much for someone actually reading the rules (terms of service) before they post. The terms of service apply to people regardless of how new or how long they have been here.
You don't. The terms of service (TOS) were made to stop unsubstantiated claims. Terms like more full, warmer, natural sounding, etc. are often used by self-proclaimed "audiophiles" who would rather spend $200 on an RCA analog cable than take blind ABS tests proving their points. The TOS are designed to stop people like this and to stop new people from making bogus claims without conducting the proper double blind tests to backup their claims. Otherwise anyone can make audio claims and expect to be believed. The TOS also help clear things up for someone who just joined the site looking for answers or someone conducting a Google search.
Well, your loss. I don't see why you should get all up in arms over this especially since Slipstreem was nice about things. They could have been an ass by making a truly negative reply, reporting you to the mods/admins, and having your account banned. Did that happen? No, they simply pointed you to the TOS (something of which EVERYONE needs to follow) and said that you need to substantiate your claims. I don't see what the big deal is.
Perhaps I should rephrase that as: "...in a way that no compressed digital format came ever even close in my experience". It is, as I said, a personal opinion, like most music-related discussions are matters of personal taste.
I never intended to prove anything scientifically, because reducing the music-listening experience to a pile of numbers and graphs is such a narrow-minded way of looking at an incredibly complex subject. It has a lot more to do with the way it "feels" than the way it's actually (digitally) written down.
Furthermore, I mentioned the Dead Can Dance SACDs just for the sake of an example... not for the being SACDs per se, but for being albums I am particularly familiar with and which were recently released in such wonderfully remastered editions (and please don't ask me to prove that they're good remasters, I just know they are, as I've lived with the previous versions for many years).
And while a 256k/AAC compressed track from of one of those albums (and I mean the stereo layer, nevermind the SACD thing) sounds great, it lacks something in the listening experience, when compared to the actual CD (or SACD, for that matter). I can't tell you exactly what's missing, but it simply doesn't sound the same way. As I said, it's not as immense, clear or involving, namely in the lower frequencies. I can't explain it any better, it's just the way it feels.
(Off-topic, how can I revert the forum layout to a straight list of complete posts, instead of having the first post and a summary tree below?)
While this statement might be on the edge of what is allowed here...
And while a 256k/AAC compressed track from of one of those albums (and I mean the stereo layer, nevermind the SACD thing) sounds great, it lacks something in the listening experience, when compared to the actual CD (or SACD, for that matter).
Is clearly beyond.
You might not fully understand the point of HydrogenAudio. What you describe above is 100% testable. 100% objective. That's who we are, that's where you are: HydrogenAudio.org is an objectivist board.
I can't tell you exactly what's missing, but it simply doesn't sound the same way. As I said, it's not as immense, clear or involving, namely in the lower frequencies. I can't explain it any better, it's just the way it feels.
While it would be cool and helpful to all if you could describe the subjective difference between the two versions, that's not required.
What is required, though, is that you prove you can discern an objective difference before continuing with such claims. That's the nature of the beast, the point of this board.
From your own description of your claim, an ABX test should prove quite simple, easy, and consume little time. The fact it is required is just part of the social contract here.
Last Edit: 2009-03-17 12:46:35 by Soap
Creature of habit.
In short, excluding any visual input, the "feel" of the music will be absolutely identical if there is no audible difference. You can only prove that there is an audible difference (to you) by carrying out ABX tests. If there isn't an audible difference then that's undeniable proof that the "feel" is down to placebo effect and is in no way real.
We deal in reality here, not make-believe. That's why it's such a popular place for audio lovers who live in the real world.
2Bdecided
if you're saying that SA-CD is sonically better than a properly used lossy format then you have to substantiate that claim.
This could easily be done by yourself at no expense by comparing the two with Foobar2000 and the ABX Comparator tool that comes with it.
I think you will struggle to run SACD through the fb2k ABX comparator - or fb2k itself, for that matter, unless there's a DSD plug-in and DSD sound card that I've missed!
You can do it with a hardware ABX box. It's been done, and been reported in the Audio Engineering Society journal (with some controversy). There were some threads about it here last year.
Fair point. But someone around here must know what the sample-rate and bit-depth are and I'd be surprised if there weren't some legitimately downloadable samples somewhere in a 'friendlier' format for comparison against a self-made lossy version in Foobar2000. Either way, I think we already know what the conclusion will be from many trips down a similar road.
Good lord!
I really don't know why I wasted my time trying to further explain my point of view.
It's alright, I get it. You don't care about opinions here, only numbers and scientific facts. Well, fine, but sorry to disappoint you folks, the real world is much richer and complex than that.
It's just funny that I find so many personal opinions scattered around these forums and nobody gives a damn, so I don't understand why you're nit-picking with me... Furthermore, I don't see the point of a public forum if one can't state his opinion on matters, that's so silly, namely on a topic which essencially involves personal taste (shall I remind you that the topic's title is ""Sizzling sound" of mp3's is preferred"?!). But then, I guess you really don't care and the purpose of whoever started this topic was to make a scientific analysis of taste. Good luck with that.
So, this time's for real, this is my last post here.
No bad feelings, I'll simply spend my precious free time in a place where I can breathe and share my points of view. That is what a forum is about.
The world of sound comes down to what an individual person can or cannot hear. That can be proved or disproved scientifically. It's as simple as that.
It's just funny that I find so many personal opinions scattered around these forums and nobody gives a damn, so I don't understand why you're nit-picking with me...
Nobody is nit-picking. All of the personal opinions you see around here are based upon scientific fact. If not, they are almost always challenged.
Furthermore, I don't see the point of a public forum if one can't state his opinion on matters, that's so silly...
See above.
...namely on a topic which essencially involves personal taste (shall I remind you that the topic's title is ""Sizzling sound" of mp3's is preferred"?!). But then, I guess you really don't care and the purpose of whoever started this topic was to make a scientific analysis of taste. Good luck with that.
The title of this thread is taken directly from the article under discussion. There wouldn't be much sense in calling it anything else, would there?
I bet it isn't.
That's exactly what the HA forums are all about if the points of view and opinions expressed are based in fact. All HA members have to be prepared to be challenged if the validity of their point of view or opinion flies in the face of already known (or already thought to be known) facts.
Bye... for now.
HotshotGG
The way it "feels" in the scientific world is just the "placebo effect". This kind of terminology would be acceptable in a musical critical listening and analysis lab, but doesn't fly here. Even if you found a remaster that was consider "good" that does not mean every remaster is good. I don't think you have heard of the "loudness war" recently? you might want to familiarize yourself with that. The last paragraph is complete BS. If you were to provide an ABX test to proove that you could actually hear a difference I would believe you. The bottom line is you aren't the first person to visit HA and describe this audiophile garbage and you certainly won't be the last
budding I.T professional
You should have read the TOS first and then posted. It is fine that you have a personal opinion. As you said, opinions are stated here all the time especially when someone asks about which lossy format to use and at what bitrate. However, the bitrate portion is backed up by personal experiments. Otherwise people will just brush them off. This also stop people from making audiophool statements such as more full, warmer, less harsh, etc. You want forums that allow you to express your opinion using such jargon? Good. Hydrogenaudio won't be for you then. Imagine if someone were to come on these forums and the TOS weren't in place. They would see all sorts of negative BS that would turn them completely away from iPods, make them listen to SACD/DVD-A only, think that vinyl is still the absolute best format on Earth, think that lossless files aren't lossless, and think that blind ABX tests are only for people who are stupid and picky. I am sorry but hydrogenaudio just isn't the kind of place that will allow such nonsense as it can confuse new people, people who are searching, and goes against theories where people should backup their claims. Hell, if people didn't backup their claims, we would have a world filled drugs promising to cure cancer and the value of the dollar would be a lot less.
So you can either conform to hydrogenaudio's TOS like everyone else (EVERYONE must conform to the TOS no matter how new or how seasoned they are) or find some other audiophool forums that live off of nonsense and loose jargon (warm, fuller, something is missing, etc.).
Fair point. But someone around here must know what the sample-rate and bit-depth are
Of course - the sample rate is 2.8224MHz (64x44.1) and the bitdepth is 1-bit.
While the datarate is easily manageable these days, there are no sound cards that accept and D>A convert a 1-bit 2.8224MHz input (AFAIK).
Aside: does anyone have a sample DSD stream? AFAIK SACD has never been ripped, but I could be wrong.
This is what I posted as I reply to the original article, plus some additional thoughts...
Having recently acquired the Dead Can Dance MFSL remasters in Audiophile SACD editions, I can honestly say that there's nothing quite like the experience of listening to these masterpieces in a decent stereo system - I mean decent, not absurdly expensive (mine consists of a simple Technics amplifier and a pair of Jamo speakers, both 20 years old and a €250 Cambridge Audio DVD/SACD player). The sound is just immense, crystal clear and involving in a way that no compressed digital format comes ever even close! But at the same time, I enjoy listening to my home-made 256k/AAC tracks in my iPhone every day. Amidst all the noise of a working place or as background music while reading, they're perfectly fine. And quite convenient!
All this to say that each thing has its own place. One is not meant to replace the other, as the experience is clearly different (and whoever thinks it isn't, simply hasn't listened to music on a decent stereo system).
I'd add that, like others mentioned, younger generations have far more serious issues regarding music apprecitaion than preferring MP3s to high quality recordings. I believe Mike's conversation with that young kid (putting aside an awkward definition of Metal ) quite accurately represents the worst about nowadays' musical "panorama". Most people simply don't care what they listen to. And it's not a matter of taste and other subjective (and pointless) considerations. It's really a matter of not caring at all. They're fed the mainstream radio playlists (which are all the same) or the illegal downloads of the latest mainstream hype and they're happy enjoying it for a couple of weeks until the next mainstream hype turns up and replaces the previous one on their iPods. Most of the times, most people don't even know what they're listening to! Why? Because their illegal MP3s don't carry the respective tags.
It's this apathy towards music and a disregard to any kind of knowledge about it that scares me.
We just ran a guy out of town on TOS8 because of that?
A couple posters on this thread need to start taking their meds.
You know that's not true, Axon. 90% of the post is absolutely fine, so why quote all of it?
Nobody chased anyone anywhere. DyingSun seems to have decided that the Terms Of Service are stupid and don't need to be followed. He clearly argues with them and says that he has no intention of complying with them. Aren't they there for everybody's benefit? I think so. He's been treated in exactly the same way as anyone else who behaves in the same way, so why are you getting your panties in a bunch over it?
If your sole first response to a post is a TOS8 warning, you are being a pedant and are being needlessly argumentative. I mean, jesus... you're not even a mod. You are doing something that isn't even your job.
If your sole response to a post is a TOS warning, do not reply to it, REPORT IT. The (!) button is there for a reason. Hell, flag my post too if you want to be fair about it, it's a pretty deliberate TOS2.
If you feel the desire to respond, do so on the merits, like what Arny did. That approach is just as assertive of the principles of the forum, with the added bonus of not pissing people off as much. And, you know... when I have to compliment Arny on being non-argumentative, something's wrong.
So report me for helping to uphold the rules when there seemed to be no Mods around to do it for us. It's not just the Mods who are under this obligation you know. Officially maybe, but morally, no!
I'll take the alternative route of sneaking around behind people's backs like a coward if it makes the powers that be happy, but I'd rather be a man and be upfront about it if given the opportunity.
Are you kidding me? HA is one of the most actively moderated (and well-moderated) sites out there. If you want to see scarce mods... look at Head-Fi. Or Audio Asylum. But definitely don't look here.
But, it does rely on users bringing stuff to the mods' attention (like many good forums do). If you have a problem with a post, and you report it, in my experience, the mods take care of it quite quickly - if they agree with the problem.
It's a lot more cowardly to hide behind TOS8 in an argument than to take the time and effort to construct a cogent and reasoned response.
Morality has nothing to do with this. Actually, I take that back - if you want to talk morality, you're on the wrong side. It seems to me like you are framing this in an us-vs-them mentality - that there are offenders who are to be punished, and that reporting the offense is morally just. That's an extremely counterproductive strategy that perpetuates the myth that HA is a board that's out of touch with reality, overargumentative, spiteful, etc. Which is something I hear a lot out of the audiophile boards.
That's only as true as we want it to be. Some of the people making those statements really are douches, but some of them aren't. TOS8 is an extremely high bar for new posters to surpass. It is a counterintuitive rule that most lay people simply do not use in normal human conversation. Helping posters make that bar - and by extension, growing the community, helping as many people as possible, and improving the mindshare of pro-DBT opinions - requires reasoned and empathetic discussion, not brickbats. Insofar as those goals are moral, what you're doing isn't.
I'm being especially hard on you here, but if you're confident enough to be righteous about this, you better be able to take it just as well as you can dish it.


text:
HomeNewsBartender Tries to Poison House Speaker Boehner
Bartender Tries to Poison House Speaker Boehner
January 14, 2015 Grayson Black News, US 0
Michael R. Hoyt, a Cincinnati, Ohio bartender with a history of psychiatric illness was indicted last week on a charge of threatening to murder Speaker of the United States House of Representatives John Boehner, possibly by poisoning his drink. Boehner, also from Ohio, is second in line to becoming president after Vice President Biden.
"A separate criminal complaint said Hoyt was fired last fall from his job at a country club in West Chester, Ohio, where he served drinks to Boehner, who is a member.
In a subsequent conversation with a police officer, Hoyt said that before leaving, he "did not have time to put something in John Boehner's drink," according to the complaint.
The court paper also said, "Hoyt told the officer he was Jesus Christ and that he was going to kill Boehner because Boehner was mean to him at the country club and because Boehner is responsible for Ebola."
According to the criminal complaint, Hoyt said he had a loaded Beretta .380 automatic pistol and he was going to shoot Boehner. Hoyt volunteered to be taken to a psychiatric hospital, and police took his weapon.
He is currently being held under a court order for mental evaluation and treatment, and U.S. Capitol Police and the FBI believe he "poses a current and ongoing credible threat" to Boehner, the complaint added."
http://bigstory.ap.org/article/c5970df8b6b94a6eba627fbd5b4df517/ohio-man-accused-threatening-kill-boehner
Grayson Black
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Q: Ajax Image Preloader doesn't work I was making a preloader using Ajax but It seems not to work. I want to load an image that if It's there the success does something -alert something-, but if It's not there just the error does another thing -alert another text-, but in this code It doesn´t matter if the image is found or not, both alerts happen no matter what, I mean if the image is found both alerts happen, but if I delete the photo both alerts happen as well, what could be the way to achieve this guys with ajax's complete and error? Thanks for any guideline in this one.
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function fileLoaded(){
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A: Change complete to success
jQuery.ajax({
 url: $image,
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error: function(){
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Fiddle

A: Try to figure out the error out of it as in this SO answer
error: function(xhr, status, error) {
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If the image is in the site directory do it the following way
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Versions of the pioneer scene have been used on Indiana seals since territorial days. They are found on official papers as early as 1801. Both the 1816 and 1851 Constitutions provided for a seal to be kept for "official purposes." The 1963 Indiana General Assembly gave legal sanction to the design and provided an official description: "A perfect circle, two and five eighths inches in diameter, enclosed by a plain line. Another circle within the first, two and three eighths inches in diameter enclosed by a beaded line, leaving a margin of one quarter of an inch. In the top half of this margin are the words 'Seal of the State of Indiana.' At the bottom center, 1816, flanked on either side by a diamond, with two dots and a leaf of the tulip tree [the state tree], at both ends of the diamond. The inner circle has two trees in the left background, three hills in the center background with nearly a full sun setting behind and between the first and second hill from the left. There are fourteen rays from the sun, starting with two short ones on the left, the third being longer and then alternating, short and long. There are two sycamore trees on the right, the larger one being nearer the center and having a notch cut nearly halfway through, from the left side, a short distance above the ground. The woodsman is wearing a hat and holding his ax nearly perpendicular on his right. The ax blade is turned away from him and is even with his hat. The buffalo is in the foreground, facing to the left of front. His tail is up, front feet on the ground with back feet in the air -- as he jumps over a log. The ground has shoots of bluegrass, in the area of the buffalo and woodsman." /Indiana Historical Society, www.indianahis.


Book 5 in the series and my second one. I was so charmed by the main character in the stories that I was really looking forward to the sequel.
Well, Beth is still funny and the author had me totally eating out of the palm of her hand by having not one but two dogs playing a big role.
When I compare the two books I have read, I feel like this one was slower paced. In my opinion the focus was more on Beth's private life than on the murder case, but it did not disturb me. I liked the story even though I had an inkling about the culprit rather early one, which did not disturb me either. I was certainly pleasantly surprised when everything was revealed because the author had kept something up her sleeve until the end.
Overall, this story was a fun read with wonderful (furry) charachters.
Thank you, Alice Castle and RachelsRandomResources.


text:
Q: Variable access in main function when returned by another function? So I saw this code on the internet for reversing a string using recursion in C.
I understood the code except the part where the reverse function returns str1 and then str1 is printed in the main function. str1 wasn't passed by reference, but only by address. So how come it prints the reversed string and not the original string when it is printed through main function?
void reverse(char str1[], int index, int size);

int main() {
    char str1[20];
    int size;

    printf("Enter a string to reverse: ");
    scanf("%s", str1);
    size = strlen(str1);
    reverse(str1, 0, size - 1);
    printf("The string after reversing is: %s\n", str1);
    return 0;
}

void reverse(char str1[], int index, int size) {
    char temp;
    temp = str1[index];
    str1[index] = str1[size - index];
    str1[size - index] = temp;
    if (index == size / 2) {
        return str1;
    } else {
        reverse(str1, index + 1, size);
    }
}

A: For starters the function showed by you is wrong. If an empty string is passed to the function like this
reverse(str1, 0, size - 1);

then the expression size - 1 will be equal to -1. As result the function will have undefined behavior due to an attempt to access memory beyond the array in these statements
str1[index] = str1[size - index];
str1[size - index] = temp;

The function has two many parameters. String functions usually return pointer to the destination string. So it will be better if the function reverse also returns pointer to the string.
It can be defined simpler. For example
char * reverse(char *s, size_t n)
{
    if (!(n < 2))
    {
        char c = s[0];
        s[0] = s[n - 1];
        s[n - 1] = c;

        reverse(s + 1, n - 2);
    }

    return s;
}

And you can call it like
printf("The string after reversing is: %s\n", reverse( str1, strlen( str1) ));

As for you question then this declaration
void reverse(char str1[], int index, int size);

is equivalent to the following declaration
void reverse(char *str1, int index, int size);
             ^^^^^^^^^^

When an array is passed tp the function like this
reverse(str1, 0, size - 1);

then the array designator is converted to pointer to its first element. Within the function the array is not moved from one memory area to another memory area. It stays at the same address. Only the elements of the array are being changed. So after exiting the function the elements of the array will be modified but they will have the same addresses in memory as in the array before calling the function. In fact the array elements are passed to the function by reference that is by the pointer to the first element of the array.

A: The function does not return anything, it receives the array as a pointer to its first element (the array decays into a pointer to its first element) and it performs the transposition in place.  Note that the declaration void reverse(char str1[], int index, int size) is equivalent to void reverse(char *str1, int index, int size).
The code has multiple problems:

*

*It does not function for strings of even lengths. It even invokes undefined behavior on the empty string.

*It uses recursion for no decent reason.  A simple loop approach would have been simpler and have less bugs.

*It has a return str1; statement even though it is defined as void.
The function does not return anything, it receives the array as a pointer to its first element and performs the transposition in place.
Here is a simpler alternative:
#include <stdio.h>

char *reverse(char *str) {
    for (size_t i = 0, length = strlen(str); i < length / 2; i++) {
        char temp;
        temp = str[i];
        str1[i] = str1[length - i - 1];
        str1[length - i - 1] = temp;
    }
    return str;
}

int main(void) {
    char buf[100];

    printf("Enter a string to reverse: ");
    if (scanf("%s", buf) == 1) {
        printf("The string after reversing is: %s\n", reverse(buf));
    }
    return 0;
}

A: A reference of a variable is it's address or more correctly the variable that holds the address.
When you pass an object/variable by ref you acctualy pass it's address, in C you do it by passing the pointer of the variable while in c# for instance you need to declare "ref" when you passing an argument to a function.


************************************** Tim Masters, Building Inspector provided a Resolution requesting the Board support.
Clerk read resolution into record.
WHEREAS, legislation passed by the New York Assembly and Senate infringes on the Right to Keep and Bear Arms and would ban the possession and use of firearms now employed by individual citizens of the Town of Lewiston for defense of life, liberty and property and would ban the possession and use of firearms now employed for safe forms of firearms recreation, hunting and shooting conducted within the Town of Lewiston, Lewiston, New York.
WHEREAS, the Town of Lewiston Town Board believes there are many other less intrusive means available other than rash, confusing and inarticulately drafted firearms laws that would effectively control, manage and reduce violence in our society such as mental health reforms, anti-bullying programs for schools, enforcement of existing firearms laws to the fullest extent possible and proper psychological counseling for those in need or who request it.
NOW, THEREFORE, IT BE AND IS HEREBY RESOLVED that the Town of Lewiston Town Board does hereby oppose the enactment of any legislation that would infringe upon the Right of the People to keep and bear arms and consider such laws to be unnecessary and beyond lawful legislative authority granted to our State representatives, as there is no documented correlation between gun control measures and crime reduction.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that a copy of this resolution be sent to President Barack Obama, Vice President Joseph Biden, Senator Charles Schumer, Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, Congressman Chris Collins, Governor Andrew Cuomo, Senator George Maziarz and Assemblyman John Ceretto.
Marra complemented the growing number of Counties that have passed similar resolutions. This was rushed through with no public comments allowed. There is usually a three-day debate between the Senate and the Assembly. The Assembly was given 50-minutes to look at and pass. When it involves the Bill of Rights it should have been put out for discussion. It certainly does nothing it claims to do. It has been said that this law would have had no effect on the tragedy in Newtown, Connecticut or Aurora, Colorado. These are mental health reform and those items are necessary.
This entry was posted in Resolutions, Resolutions opposing and tagged Passed, TownOfLewiston. Bookmark the permalink.
As a resident of the Town of Lewiston, I am overjoyed to see my Town Board step up and make this resolution. While I have been in opposition to some of their past decisions, I stand behind them on this 110%.


text:
TomT Fri, 09/09/2016 - 10:54am
9/11 Suspects: Robert Baer by CorbettReport
clandestine operations
Jeremy Rothe-Kushel
Robert Baer
Stewart Howe
Thomas Hartmann
wearechange
https://www.corbettreport.com/?p=19507
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpWPMdfkfDo
TomT's blog
jkeogh Sun, 10/04/2015 - 2:30pm
How to Spy the 9/11 Lie
http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2015/10/how-to-spy-the-911-lie.html
Posted on October 4, 2015 by Kevin Ryan
A recent book written by veteran CIA officers describes how deception can be identified by simple observational techniques. In Spy the Lie: Former CIA Officers Teach You How to Detect Deception, authors Philip Houston, Michael Floyd, and Susan Carnicero outline a number of verbal and visual behavioral clues that are demonstrated by people who lie in response to questioning. These proven techniques for recognizing deception can be easily applied to see that U.S. leaders have lied repeatedly about the attacks of 9/11.
The authors make clear that there are two important guidelines to employ when analyzing these verbal and visual clues. First, timing is important. Due to the fact that people think ten times faster than they speak, the behaviors are more important when the first one occurs within five seconds of the question. Secondly, when the behavioral clues occur in groups of two or more, called clusters, they are more indicative of deception on the part of the person being questioned. The more clues exhibited, the more clear the deception becomes.
Let's take a look at some examples.
jkeogh's blog
grumpy brian Sun, 11/13/2011 - 9:20pm
Pamela Meyer: How to spot a liar
Pamela Meyer
On any given day we're lied to from 10 to 200 times, and the clues to detect those lie can be subtle and counter-intuitive. Pamela Meyer, author of Liespotting, shows the manners and "hotspots" used by those trained to recognize deception -- and she argues honesty is a value worth preserving.
10 Amazing Facts About the Human Face and How It Reveals Deception:
http://liespotting.com/liespotting-basics/face/
10 Body Language "Tells" That Reveal Deception:
http://liespotting.com/liespotting-basics/body/
10 Ways Liars Use Words To Obscure the Truth:
http://liespotting.com/liespotting-basics/words/
What a lie looks like:
grumpy brian's blog
MichaelCollins Wed, 12/22/2010 - 10:02pm
The Hornet's Nest Kicked Back - A Review of Susan Lindauer's Extreme Prejudice
Mukasey
Fiction delivers justice that reality rarely approaches. Victims endure suffering and emerge as victors after overcoming incredible challenges. Stieg Larsson's gripping Millennium Trilogy weaves a story of revenge and triumphs for Lizbeth Salander, locked away in a mental institution and sexually abused for years. When Salander got out and threatened to go public about a high level sexual exploitation ring, the perpetrators sought to lock her up again. In the final installment, The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest, Salander found some justice. (Image)
Susan Lindauer's autobiography, Extreme Prejudice, tells a story with certain broad similarities. In her case, however, the hornet's nest kicked back with a real vengeance. After over a decade as a U.S intelligence asset, Lindauer was privy to information about pre war Iraq that threatened to serve up a huge embarrassment to the Bush-Cheney regime. She hand delivered a letter to senior Bush administration officials in hopes of averting what she predicted would be the inevitably tragic 2003 US invasion of Iraq. Those officials, unnamed in the indictment, were her second cousin, then White House chief of staff Andy Card, and Colin Powell.
MichaelCollins's blog
constitutional911 Tue, 10/05/2010 - 11:58pm
"Yet, for the United States of America, there will be no forgetting September the 11th"
Images and text of President George W. Bush's first address to the General Assembly of the United Nations
Leaders from around the world meet at the United Nations General Assembly, on Saturday November 10, 2001, the first such meeting since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. "We have a chance to write the story or our times, a story of courage defeating cruelty and light overcoming darkness. This calling is worthy of any life and worthy of every nation."
(Edit - This is a Reminder to one and all on the Level of Deception and Hypocrisy we are facing)
http://www.september11news.com/PresidentBushUN.htm
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbush911unitednations.htm
Thank you. Mr. Secretary General, Mr. President, distinguished delegates, and ladies and gentlemen:
We meet in a hall devoted to peace, in a city scarred by violence, in a nation awakened to danger, in a world uniting for a long struggle. Every civilized nation here today is resolved to keep the most basic commitment of civilization: We will defend ourselves and our future against terror and lawless violence.
constitutional911's blog
Shumonik Wed, 09/08/2010 - 10:51pm
Rev. Dr. James Lawson, who MLK Jr. called "leading theorist and strategist of nonviolence in the world," on Satyagraha
Reverend Lawson
wacla
WeAreChangeLA
On July 20, 2009, Rev. Dr. James Lawson and Dr. John G. Cobb Jr. participated in a panel discussion at Immanuel Presbyterian Church in Los Angeles entitled, "War, Violence and Religion: A Dialogue and Call to Action." The conversation was wide-ranging and, often, quite profound, but I was left wanting for discussion about the role of lies and deception in the historical orchestration and ongoing cultivation of wars.
Shumonik's blog
Adam Ruff Sun, 07/12/2009 - 4:10pm
Big media and the lies they tell
media lies
Unspun Newz explores the dangers posed by corporate controlled media deception and propaganda. This report focuses on major cases of media deception such as, the now famous, Monsanto rBGH growth hormone case where FOX News actually fought for and won the right to lie on the news. The report also details ABCs false reports about anthrax and how ABCs Brian Ross tried to link the anthrax attacks in 2001 to Iraq. The report further explores the corporate media blackout on the recently released scientific evidence proving that high tech explosives were used to demolish the world trade center on 9/11. Unspun highlights how media lies impact public health and how they were used to mislead the people into supporting war and how those deceptions have affected us and our troops.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxL2RYEILSY
Adam Ruff's blog
loose nuke Wed, 07/08/2009 - 10:09pm
[Raw Story] Exclusive: Robert McNamara deceived LBJ on Gulf of Tonkin, documents show - Gareth Porter
Gulf of Tonkin
Visit original for hyperlinks and audio:
http://rawstory.com/08/news/2009/07/08/robert-mcnamara-deceived-lbj-on-gulf-of-tonkin/
[Raw Story] Exclusive: Robert McNamara deceived LBJ on Gulf of Tonkin, documents show
BY GARETH PORTER
Official government documents reveal new side of defense secretary's legacy
Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1967, took many secrets with him when he died Monday at 93. But probably no secret was more sensitive politically than the one that would have changed fundamentally the public perception of his role in Vietnam policy had it been become widely known.
The secret was his deliberate deceit of President Lyndon B. Johnson on Aug. 4, 1964 regarding the alleged attack on US warships in the Gulf of Tonkin.
Documents which have been available for decades in the LBJ Library show clearly that McNamara failed to inform Johnson that the U.S. naval task group commander in the Tonkin Gulf, Captain John J. Herrick, had changed his mind about the alleged North Vietnamese torpedo attack on U.S. warships he had reported earlier that day.
loose nuke's blog
BoDeeDoe Fri, 05/29/2009 - 1:42pm
US News and World Report 911 hit piece backfires against the Propagandists
U.S. News and World Report ran an article on May 26th entitled "The Inner Worlds of Conspiracy Believers". The intention was to demonize the truth/freedom movement by implying that anyone who doesn't believe the official story of 911 or anyone who mistrusts the government all-together is mentally ill. But the real story isn't the obvious moronic drivel concocted by this yellow-journalistic rag of disinformation, it is the collection of well-informed comments left on their site…. 147 so far, the overwhelming majority of which are critical of the official conspiracy theory and also of this collection of nonsense that tries to pass itself off as news. Here are the comments...
BoDeeDoe's blog
medicis Wed, 10/24/2007 - 6:50am
An Op-ed of interest by Christopher Jon Batis, Jacksonville, Fl
An op-ed of interest from Jacksonville.com
It seems more and more frequently, word is getting out.... 'out there'.
http://www.jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/102307/opl_210980336.shtml
Last modified 10/22/2007 - 3:39 pm
Originally created 102307
Incident instilled fear in citizens
By Special to the Times-Union
The USS Liberty incident is just one of a myriad of "operations" throughout U.S. history perpetrated by our government.
They were designed to instill fear in the citizenry in order to more easily justify going to war.
This incident lined the pockets of the oil and military industrial complexes.
It is the same reason we are in Iraq today and equally so when Iran, eventually, will be attacked prompted by yet another false flag incident which, undoubtedly, is currently in the making, evidenced by what we are reading, hearing and seeing in the news.
Going back further in history, one can cite the Gulf of Tonkin incident. This incident took us to Vietnam, cost 60,000 American lives and never happened.
medicis's blog
Styve Mon, 09/24/2007 - 12:19pm
Did people catch 60 Mins. 911Truth moment!?
Ahmadinejad made mincemeat of Scott Pelley, and closed with 911 Truth!! Here are two links to the interview, not all of which, especially the 911 T part, made it on air. I would be surprised if it is still on the site!! Check out Pelley's highlighted remark below!! His leading questions sounded very Faux News-like!!
Styve
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/09/21/60minutes/main3286690.shtml
the last page of the interview transcript~~
(CBS) PELLEY: One last thing. So important for the American people to understand. When your airplane approaches Manhattan this week, you will look out the window and you will see that the World Trade Center is gone. Many Americans, Mr. President, to be frank, believe that you look out that window and you say to yourself, "Good. Somebody got 'em." They believe our countries are enemies.
Styve's blog
lesage Thu, 07/19/2007 - 7:28am
The Good v/s Evil crap
Reichstag Fire
As reported by the WeAreChange heroes, we hear Republican presidential candidate John McCain being offensive and hate mongering.
Notice how McCain drums up the old song of global war based on synthetic false flag terror.
Same old Good v/s Evil crap which we have heard since 911:
McCain says:
"Al Qaeda has made it a part of their global effort to destroy everything we stand for"
"I believe the greatest challenge of the 21st century is that of radical Islamic extremism."
"I believe it is there"
"I believe it is all over the world"
"I believe it is a stuggle between Good and Evil"
"Everything we value and believe in versus everything that is evil..."
To put these words in perspective, I post a video message of friendshp from the Iraqi resistance to the people of America. The message is not new but it is a surprising plea in the context of the Good and Evil speak.
lesage's blog
snowshoefilms Mon, 12/18/2006 - 9:55pm
9-11 Milwaukee Boston Tea Party
9min video posted at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6n26Van1os
Dec 16, 1773 the Boston Tea Party was a revolt against government tyranny, Dec 16, 2006 we honored the anniversary by burning the 9-11 Commission Report for its lies and deception. Also included is a brief overview of the Military Commissions Act of Oct, 2006. Sponsored by Veterans for 9-11 Truth www.v911t.org www.myspace.com/prothink and www.ts911t.org
produced by www.snowshoefilms.com
nice event, we didn't have any hasslers not even police watching us, even though we were burning books ;)
Keep researching, an educated population is not so easy to manipulate!
Josh at snowshoefilms.com
snowshoefilms's blog
fred Tue, 12/12/2006 - 12:23pm
Two 9/11 Eyewitnesses Interviewed on TV are Lawyers for President Bush
Did the General Counsel of the firm that manages George Bush's money and signs his tax returns telephone Bryant Gumbel on the morning of 9/11 and sell the official story as an "eyewitness" from his office in Rockefeller Center?
911logic.blogspot.com has an interesting profile of 9/11 "eyewitness" Richard Davis and his obvious attempt to sell the official story to the public.
http://911logic.blogspot.com/2006/12/911-eyewitness-report-cards_07.html
As it turns out, this supposed eyewitness to the first and second WTC strikes was previously partner at a law firm that manages multi-billion dollar oil and gas deals. As if that is not enough, the eyewitness appears to be the chief lawyer at the firm that manages the "blind trust" that contains the bulk of the Bush family fortune.
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/moneymag_archive/1999/07/01/262278/index.htm
"George Bush chose Bessemer Trust, a blueblood firm where the average account is $22 million. Ronald Reagan turned to a tight group of millionaire businessmen."
Is it a mere coincidence that the lawyer who represented Gerorge W Bush in the battle for the presidency in 2000 is the Solicitor General of the United States who called CNN to tell a story about hijackers with boxcutters? Is it also a coincidence that the lawyer who manages the Bush Family fortune just happened to call in to Bryant Gumbel on the morning of September 11th to sell the story that planes "very deliberately" attacked the World Trade Centers? In his statements to Gumbel, he makes claims about things that he could not possibly know, such as the condition of the airplanes used in the attacks. Listen to the conversation between Gumbel and Davis and decide for yourself.
fred's blog


Lakewood Ranch spacious rental home in Greenbrook. Home features an open floor plan with family and living room areas. The kitchen views into the family room which has built in shelves. The home could be a 4 bedroom as the nice sized den with wood floors and lake view does have double doors for privacy. The owner would consider a pet with a non refundable pet fee. Lawn care is include in the rent.
Listed with JENNETTE PROPERTIES, INC.
Paradise Palms Realty Group participates in the MFRMLS Internet Data Exchange (IDX) program, allowing display of other MFRMLS broker's listings on this site. However, www.paradisepalmsrealtygroup.com may not include all listings currently available. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. Information last updated on 4/25/19 7:51 AM PDT.


There are 15 statements associated with H.R.3189.
On passage Passed by recorded vote: 241 - 185 (Roll no. 641).
On motion to recommit with instructions Failed by recorded vote: 182 - 242 (Roll no. 640).
DEBATE - The House proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the motion to recommit with instructions. The instructions contained in the motion seek to require the bill to be reported back to the House with an amendment adding new language outlining further considerations the Board shall take when determining which companies would be eligible to participate in the program.
POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - Pursuant to clause 1(c) of Rule 19, the Speaker postponed further proceedings on H.R. 3189.
The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 3189.
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 529, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the King (IA) amendment No. 6.
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 529, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Grayson amendment No. 5.
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 529, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Grayson amendment No. 3.
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 529, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Heck (WA) amendment No. 2.
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 529, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Heck (WA) amendment No. 1.
GENERAL DEBATE - The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 3189.
The Speaker designated the Honorable Kevin Yoder to act as Chairman of the Committee.
House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 529 and Rule XVIII.
Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 1210 and H.R. 3189. Previous question shall be considered as ordered without intervening motions except motion to recommit with or without instructions. Measure will be considered read. Rule provides that H.R. 1210 shall be amended by the text of Rules Committee Print 114-34 and that the amendment printed in part A of the report from the Committee on Rules shall be separately debatable for 10 minutes. H.R. 3189 shall be amended by the text of Rules Committee Print 114-35 and modified by the amendment printed in Part B of the report. No further amendments other than those printed in Part C of the report shall be in order for H.R. 3189.
ORDER OF PROCEDURE - Mr. Hensarling asked unanimous consent that the question of adopting a motion to recommit on H.R. 3189 may be subject to postponement as though under clause 8 of rule 20. Agreed to without objection.
Rule H. Res. 529 passed House.
Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 529 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 1210 and H.R. 3189. Previous question shall be considered as ordered without intervening motions except motion to recommit with or without instructions. Measure will be considered read. Rule provides that H.R. 1210 shall be amended by the text of Rules Committee Print 114-34 and that the amendment printed in part A of the report from the Committee on Rules shall be separately debatable for 10 minutes. H.R. 3189 shall be amended by the text of Rules Committee Print 114-35 and modified by the amendment printed in Part B of the report. No further amendments other than those printed in Part C of the report shall be in order for H.R. 3189.
Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 253.
Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Financial Services. H. Rept. 114-332, Part I.
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 33 - 25.
Hearings Held by the Subcommittee on Monetary Policy and Trade Prior to Referral.


text:
Prohibition New York City
Speakeasy Queen Texas Guinan, Blind Pigs, Drag Balls & More
David Rosen
"The drunken '20s started roaring almost immediately, but they were loudest in Manhattan. David Rosen's [book] has all the snazzy, jazzy details." —NY Daily News
Texas Guinan was the queen of New York's speakeasies in the Roaring Twenties. Her clubs were backed by leading gangsters and welcomed some of the city's biggest sharks and swankest swells. Movie stars, flappers, madams, musicians and more flocked to midtown's "Wet Zone," Greenwich Village and Harlem for inebriated entertainment. Patrons threw cultural norms aside as free-flowing hooch lubricated the jazz joints, sex circuses and drag balls that fueled the era's insurgent spirit. At the center of the party was Texas with her trademark catchphrases and guarantee to have a good time. Author David Rosen recounts Texas's adventurous life alongside tales of Gotham's nightlife when abstinence was the law of the land and breaking the law an all-American indulgence.
OpenRoad Integrated Media, LLC
More Books by David Rosen
Sin, Sex & Subversion


The PB4Y-2S which crashed, was from this squadron which operated from NAS, Guam. John J. Witten Austen Doolittle, Claude Pope, Earl Beach, and Mike Iverson have contributed historical data and photos to round out the story of SAR Dec '53. Click on the link to see their stories.
It was mid December in 1953 and a typhoon was roaring through the Northern Marianas. The Whitehurst was in Apra Harbor, Guam, when ordered on a Search and Rescue (SAR) mission to find the crew of a missing navy weather plane. We got underway in late afternoon and entered heavy seas as soon as we departed the harbor's channel. I took the starboard lookout watch on the bridge as soon as the special sea details were released. Green water was breaking over the 02 level and heavy splash saturated everyone on the bridge. Heavy seas continually battered the ship as we steamed north some 300 kilometers to the site where the aircraft was thought to be down. During the night, the port side ammunition ready box for Mount 31 was carried away, damaging the hatch to the ammunition spaces and the port side lifelines. Although the typhoon had moved on the weather remained bad with high winds and high seas for days. Low cloud cover hampered the air search while poor visibility and wave height made the lookout's job difficult.
After a several days of fruitless searching by air and sea, a search plane spotted what appeared to be aircraft wreckage in the crater of the extinct volcano known as Agrihan Island.
According to "Swede" Allgren, while steaming near the island at night, signal fires could be seen. Memories are not very clear as to whether the islanders were questioned before returning to Guam for the Marine search party or after the marines were put ashore. It was learned that they had no homes left and no food except some canned milk.
My squadron, Weather Squadron One (VJ-1) was the outfit that lost the crew on that flight.
Ltjg. Fred Troescher traded Duty Officer with me, as I was supposed to go out on that fatal flight. However, Fred called me the night before and asked if he could take the flight since the Air Force had been covering all the Typhoons for the past week or so.
Our squadron and the weather outfit from Anderson AFB had had some mix up in the flight and we damned near had a midair collision. Sooo, the AF decided it was best if only one outfit did the reconnaissance on the typhoon. Only that night the AF had trouble getting an airplane up for the flight and asked the navy to cover the typhoon.
When I reported for duty, I discovered that Crew One had left for the day's recco flight, covering that typhoon.
If my memory serves me correctly, when we penetrated a typhoon we were to establish radio contact with base every 30 minutes. I think the Radioman working the Duty Radio that day was John Walpole. He was our radioman in our crew, Crew 2.
Lcdr Perc Kedigh was our Plane Commander, Scotty Jenkins was the copilot, and I the 2nd pilot and navigator. Wes Mellange was Plane Captain, I do not remember the rest of the crew, but I am sure some of the fellows in VJ-1 will be able to fill in the blanks.
Back to the flight. After John had not received any transmission from Crew One after the 30 minute time lapse, he notified me since I was Sqd Duty Officer. I reported the situation, no flight message for more then 30 minutes, to Perc.
In turn we notified ComFairGuam, I think that's who we called, it's been 52 years and all the facts are not coming to the frontal lobe.
I believe a meeting was held and the plan to start the search was put into play.
Anyway, the very next morning all the planes in our outfit were sent out to search the suspected, downed PB4Y-2.
missing aircraft, the search was called off.
The time loading the islanders and their possessions extended from late afternoon until well into the night. There was a small pier to which the residents carried their belongings. With working parties on the pier and in the motor whale boat, sailors made trip after trip from the ship's anchorage to the pier and back.
I was on one of the later whale boat crews. It was a dark night and the, boat's wake, bow wave, and every bubble in the splash glowed with a brilliant and beautiful phosphorescence. Every thing the natives owned was carried back to the ship and loaded aboard over the port quarter.
The swells were only moderate but still, the whale boat rose and fell three to four feet with each wave that broke against the side of the ship. Several men leaned over the life lines reaching for items handed up by men in the whale boat. One of the items I help load aboard was an old treadle sewing machine. It was a real struggle to hold it high enough for the men aboard the ship to grab while the boat was rising and falling .
After the islanders were safely aboard ship, another party of Gunners Mates went ashore to write a sad chapter to this story. Whitehurst could not evacuate the chickens, livestock, and several dogs, owned by the islanders. It was decided that to protect the rest of the stock, the dogs must be killed. GM1 Ernie Mlynek, GM2 Howard Moebus, GMSN Elmer Causey, an interpreter, and perhaps some others, took carbines ashore to carry out this unpleasant but necessary task.
I am not sure how many islanders were taken aboard but the figure 112, is stuck in my mind. Crewmen who used the after sleeping quarters gave their bunks to the refugees that night and still, many of them had to spend the night crowded on the fantail. No one got much sleep that night. Fortunately the trip to Saipan required only one night and day.
The picture below was taken in early morning sunlight after a rough night in open air on a hard deck.
Agrihan juts straight up from the sea to a height of nearly 3000 feet. It is 40 square, near vertical, kilometers of dense growth. Whitehurst was dispatched back to Guam to pick up a party of marines whose task it would be to climb to the crater and determine if there were survivors. By the time we returned to Agrihan the seas were relatively smooth and Captain Marvin D. Jones steamed at full speed toward the island. On the morning of our arrival some of the marines had come up to the bridge for a good view as we approached the island. The weather was so clear that it seemed close upon us when I heard a young marine say, "If he doesn't slow down, we'll run into it." I had the Bridge to CIC phone watch at the time so I asked CIC for the range to the island. We were 46,000 yards (23 nautical miles) away from it.
Upon arrival at the island, 24 December 1953, the marine party was put ashore and Captain Jones decided to send a search team from the ships crew as well. We know that GM1 Ernie Mlynek, and GM2 Howard "Moe" Moebus were in this party. It probably consisted of an officer, radioman, a medic, and several others.
Allgren's recollection of events, as told to him after the gunners mates returned to the ship: The marines started directly up the mountain toward the crater where the wreckage was thought to lie. The undergrowth was so thick they had to make their way with machetes while the Whitehurst party found natives and asked about the wreckage. They learned of a route to the crater which provided much easier access than the way chosen by the marines. Though the sailors had to walk farther, they reached the rim of the crater first. The point where the weather plane had struck the wall was clearly visible as was the fuselage and tail section lying on a ledge farther down. There were no signs of life.
When the marines arrived at the crater, some of them were sick, apparently from coconut milk they drank on the trek to the rim. After descending to the wreckage and seeing the condition of the bodies, it was decided not to retrieve them.
The search was an overnight expedition, during which time the Whitehurst steamed slowly around the island. The ship's crew enjoyed Christmas Dinner and a "lazy day" while thinking of the hardships their buddies had to be enduring as they climbed to the crater.
Radar man Gene Paquette with help from several old "what's-his-names" wrote the following poem after the search parties went ashore.
That's where you'll find the Whitehurst on Christmas Eve.
Now it's Christmas and all is calm.
But the Whitehurst is still raging on.
The crew is full of Christmas joys.
As the Whitehurst sails with its boys.
Sailing on Christmas isn't so bad.
But on the Whitehurst, Jarheads we had.
And on the Whitehurst no one gives a damn.
So it's Christmas and all isn't well.
So on the Whitehurst we fight the swell.
So bring on the whiskey, bring on the gin.
Maybe the Whitehurst will bring the flyers in.
The following information was received, Feb 2004, from Frank Harding CDR U.S.N. Ret who was an Ensign at the time of this mission.
when I went to Pensacola for flight training.
couple of days later and found no survivors.
By Glen Anderson GM2, written at time of the incident and preserved by his mother, they are reprinted here with Glen's permission.
By now we should be well on our way to Japan but tomorrow we're heading back to Guam. It's a long story of what happened the last few days. I had the watch Thursday morning when a phone call came in, telling us we were on standby to go to sea because a plane had gone out on typhoon recognizance and hadn't been heard from in two hours. So by two o'clock that afternoon, it was still not heard from so we were sent out to see if we could find it. We headed directly into the typhoon because that's where the plane gave its last position. The actual typhoon had a radius of 100 miles from its center. We steamed right into its radius 60 miles from its center and believe me it was rough. All hands were issued life jackets and nobody could go out on the weather decks at all. The waves were mountainous and the wind was blowing mist and spray high into the air making everything a dirty gray color. For a while I didn't know if this tub was going to hold together or not. Just about everybody aboard was sick. Finally we got orders to delay the search and head for smoother water. That night we were steaming to a general search area when we saw 2 flares. We searched the area at night but couldn't find anything. The next morning planes came to help but still couldn't find anything. We covered that whole area for miles around but still couldn't find a thing so we went to another area to hunt. One of the planes spotted some debris in the water so we went to check on it but found only some pieces of trees and a canoe that the typhoon had blown off an island. So that just about bring it up to date. So far we're still searching but I think it's hopeless. It's been 6 days since they went down and in this rough sea, I doubt they could have lasted more than a few hours. We are kind of getting low on fuel so I think tomorrow we'll secure the search and head back to Guam. I don't know now when we'll get to Japan or even if we'll go. We might go into Guam, refuel and pull right out, Who knows? Not I.
We didn't make it back to Guam yesterday after all. We were just about ready to give up on the search when one of the planes that was helping in the search went down by some island so we had to go and hunt for it. The island was not known but from his last report he was near Agrihan . So we went to the island of Agrihan which was not supposed to have any people on it. We tried to make a landing at night because we could see lights, but the water was too rough and couldn't see where to land. So the next morning we made a landing and found 112 people. The typhoon had hit the island so all their food was gone - had enough for 72 hours. They couldn't live there any longer, and they wanted to go to Siapan so we loaded man, woman. and child, with bag and baggage, aboard and took them to Saipan. We had to move out of the compartment that I sleep in so the women and children had some place to go. What a mess they made. They were dirty and some got sick. Not used to going to sea I guess. I sure felt sorry for these people though it will be about three years before they can move back there. I guess in the meantime the government has to take care of them. Right now we are on our way to Guam to refuel. After that I don't know what we'll do. I don't think the plane has been found, so we might go right back out to search for it. So don't be surprised if you don't hear from me for a few days. Can't tell what's going to happen. At least I hope we don't have to spend Xmas at sea.
P.S. The 112 people had 110 dogs which we had to kill before we left. Man what a slaughter.
Well here it is Christmas and we are back at Agrihan. What a place to have Christmas -but it seems just like any other day. I sure thought a lot of you people at home, and wondered how your Christmas was, and wishing I was there. With any luck at all I should be home by the next one and telling sea stories about this one.
I suppose you are wondering what we're doing back at Agrihan. Well we went to Guam to refuel after letting the natives off at Saipan. A plane had flown over the island of Agrihan and found the wreckage of one of the planes. So we refueled and picked up a bunch of marines that were trained for rescue work, stayed in Guam about four hours and pulled out again. We got to Agrihan the next day and put the marines ashore and laid off the island to await results. Agrihan is a volcano with a crater 600 feet deep in the center and that's where the plane is. The marines could get to the top but it is just about always cloudy so they couldn't see where to go. They came back once and got more food and water for another try. The captain got impatient so he sent a party of white hats up another side. They also reached the top but couldn't see for the clouds. We got a message from them this evening that they were cold wet and hungry, and were returning in the morning. So for the last two days all we've been doing is going ashore in the rubber boat at two different places, taking in food and water. Today the last place we landed at, the tide was coming in and the surf was high and when the rubber boat reached the beach, a wave caught it and turned it and its crew over. They couldn't get back out because every time they would try, the surf would rough them up again. So we had to take the motor whale boat in to tow them off the beach. I had to go along with a line throwing gun to shoot them a line. We finally pulled them off the beach and free of the surf. Then when we returned to the ship the waves were too high, so we couldn't get the whale boat back on board. So we had to ride the whale boat through about 3 or 4 miles of rough sea to a cove where the ship came in to pick us up. So that is the way my Christmas was spent. Just like another day. Even the dinner wasn't too good.
Not a creature was stirring. Not even the prisoners-at-large.
The sailors were all nestled and snug in their sacks.
While visions of sirens danced 'round their racks.
Our stockings were hung on the pipe overhead.
In hopes that Chief Kessler would put in some bread.
We're still on the lookout for flying machines.
I jumped from my rack and ran up the ladder.
I looked thru the hatch and what could be seen?
There was old Agrihan, bearing 3-15.
It must be those "Jarheads" in a ravine.
We'll get to Japan, that's what we're after.
On Turner, on Connors, on Wilkins and Day.
If we get the job done, there'll be no delay.
Dash away, dash away, mighty fast.
It must be C.O. Jones snowing the boys.
Down the stack St. Nick came with a bound.
For it was too hot in these here seas.
I knew right then, no more trips to Palau.
That's as close as we'll be to getting snow.
We wondered right then if that's Santa Clause?
We wondered right then, "what's with this square"?
There he stood, sweating a lot.
He said, "How does it get so damned hot?"
We knew right then, we were on his list.
Grabbed a paddle and threw over the raft.
We knew right then, he would be gone with a breeze.
An excerpt from Commander Meredith's writings follow.
from "A Handful of Emeralds"
Before Dinner that evening, as we were speculating on the number of bags of mail waiting for us on the dock, an "Operational Immediate" message came from Guam. I was ordered to increase speed so as to return to port as soon as possible; no reason given. We cranked her up to top speed. The forced-draft burners began pouring nine hundred gallons of oil per hour into the fireboxes - oil all the more precious because we had so little of it left. The ship shuddered and vibrated as it passed through its critical speed - about nineteen knots -and smoothed out as it "put on legs" and gained more speed. The wind and spray of our going stung the faces of the men on the open bridge that night, and for all of us it was like riding in a boxcar. But dawn found us waiting at Orote Point, requesting permission to enter port.
On Guam, 17 December, at the headquarters of ComNavMar, I learned the reason we had been hurried into port. It seemed that Typhoon Doris, whose existence I had almost forgotten in the peaceful waters around Ponape, had hit the Marianas with full fury - damage to the northern islands still unknown. Worse, much worse, a four-motored weather reconnaissance plane was down somewhere near Pagan Island, two hundred miles north of Saipan, and my orders were to stand by on one-hour notice to join the search. Our sister ship, the Whitehurst, was already on the scene.
Any thought of liberty on Guam was swallowed up in preparations now afoot. Conduct of a search and rescue mission (SAR) is a highly refined operation requiring coordination between all services in the area - army, air force, navy, marine corps, and coast guard. The SAR organization at Guam was centered in a typhoon-proof shelter at the Naval Air Station, where Lt. Comdr. Ray Tufts presided over a battery of teletypes, radio receivers and transmitters, telephones, charts, and plotting boards.
The atmosphere was tense when I arrived, for the men and officers called to duty at the Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) were daily intimates of the missing plane's five-man crew. The plan at first was to send the Hanna out right away, but it was then decided that we should wait until morning.
The pages of my journal tell the story of the next few days better than I can, the sharp edges of emotion and the fatigue having been long since dulled.
I write this at 233OK, with the ship making 20 knots on course oo8 True, which should bring us by about O8OOK to Agrihan Island, where I believe we will be directed to send a landing party ashore. So far, my orders are only to get there. Agrihan is about 300 miles north of Guam, and is the top of a gigantic volcano rising 15,000 feet from the ocean floor to the surface, with another 3,160 feet on top of that. It may be necessary for the landing party to go all the way to the crater's edge for a look inside.
The typhoon is still in the general area, at the moment 240 miles WNW of Agrihan. Hope she moseys off to the west.
Bespoke the merchant ship Graigaur bound for Fiji, meeting on opposite courses off Saipan. He told me weather was very rough, with swells from Doris, where he had been.
The search plan for today arrived by radio at 1 AM, and is quite a complicated affair. My own job consists primarily of scrutinizing the three islands of Agrihan, Pagan and Alamagan. Secondarily I am responsible for maintaining contact with five Air Force search planes. They are supposed to check in every thirty minutes with an "operations normal" message, and on the whole the system has been working very smoothly, RCC sets up the various search sectors.
Arrived off Agrihan about 0900K. Decided against sending a landing party ashore because of the surf... The Island has been thoroughly worked over by the typhoon: two or three buildings on the SW side have been demolished, and whole forests of coconut trees have been (to borrow Holmes's expression) shredded. The famed ability of palm trees to withstand the blast by yielding to it hasn't saved them this time. Thousands of trees have lost all but a frond or two, and hundreds lie about like dumped handfuls of matches. I wonder what the top wind velocity here must have been. Several people from the village came down to the shore, but we couldn't reach them, and they didn't give any sign of distress or dismay ... or perhaps I should assess their attitude more along the lines of inborn resignation to fate. Circled the island at a range of 500 yards, failing to see any trace of the lost plane. About noon we left for Pagan Island.
Pagan is blessed with a tiny spit of land curving out arm-wise to form a cove three hundred feet wide off the slender waist of the island. It was calm enough there to land a boat-load of men and two officers (Rayner and Lee). These went ashore at an old Japanese wharf. Meanwhile I held the ship about four hundred yards off the murderous black rocks against which surf crashed and exploded. One could only guess the power of the geysers shooting over a hundred feet in the air. Rayner learned that although the storm had given the natives some 50 hours of acute danger, they had fared well and needed no medical assistance. Crops were destroyed, also about 8 dwellings, but the coconut plantation was not as hard hit as at Agrihan.
In recovering the boat I had much fear for the men in it because of the roughness of the water. One man did get a 2 inch gash in his forehead from a swinging block.Circled the island, a jumble of volcanoes old and new. Volcanoes upon volcanoes, cones, and lava flows tumbled down each other's sides, wreathed in vapor. Here, as elsewhere, no indication of wreckage.
I am on-the-scene controller, with two ships and six planes. Busy day.
(Later) Had fair communications all day and dashed here and there at the insistence of RCC. All searches negative. Investigated debris at L 20 degrees 20' N., 145 degrees 34' E., but it turned out to be only coconut driftwood: bits of logs freshly stripped of bark, nuts, fronds twigs ... all within a 1000-yard circle. The bright yellow would certainly look like a partially deflated life-raft from the air.
(Later) Am now writing this with the greatest of difficulty owing to the vibration of the ship. Another plane may be down - "Playmate 19" as he is known on the voice circuits. He hasn't reported "operations normal" since midmorning. We notified RCC a long time ago, and now a new emergency has been declared. We are steaming now at 21 knots for Pagan Island, where he was last heard from. Whitehurst, who is north of us, is going to Agrihan. All of our planes have been put to the search, but it will soon be dark, and they are running low on gas.
The missing plane may have flown too close to a volcano and have been caught in one of the tremendous downdrafts which sweep down their flanks, or, for all I know, into their craters. If it is a crater, the wreckage would be obscured by clouds indefinitely.
Now passing Maug Island ... we go past Asuncion next, then Agrihan. Expect to reach Pagan about 2200K.
(Later) Passing Agrihan. A plane has sighted some debris; at Alamagan, I believe. Anyway I've been told to keep going down to that island. Earlier, a plane reported seeing a flashing light on the southwest corner of the island. This of course may have been an ordinary light in the village there.
Asuncion, my first view of it, is an awesome sight ... so simple and majestic a cone, and so very evil ... heaving its black shoulders out of the sea, curving disdainfully into its private cloud ... no one can see its face. Streaming away in the evening sky from its dark summit, a line of sooty clouds ... I can get two hours' sleep now, before midnight and Alamagan.
Sent landing party ashore at Alamagan's southwest village. Have had two planes, one of which dropped flares to show location of debris. One flare landed in the water offshore, the other one on the island. Now it turns out that the debris was nothing more or less than the southwest village.
Landing party reported by flashing light that natives know nothing about plane crash. One woman had been badly hurt in the typhoon, and the hospital corpsman treated her. The landing party is now back on board.
(22 hours later) I set a course for Pagan Island about 0300 (yesterday morning, actually, though it doesn't seem so). My reported intention reached RCC about the same time as their daily search plan reached me. I was supposed to spend the day checking the area around Alamagan and Guguan, to the south. However, I saw no reason to change my initial plan, which was first to revisit Pagan and question the natives there about the new crash.
Reached the now-familiar cove at sunrise, put a landing party ashore, and had them back on board within the hour. Circled the island again, then left for Alamagan and Guguan to carry out orders. At Pagan my people learned only that a blue 4-engine plane had flown over on the day before and dropped a flare.
Made a third landing at Alamagan, this time on the northwest corner, and probably the most difficult landing so far, for the surf was really high and the beach composed of football-size rocks. No information here, either, except that the inhabitants have run out of supplies. I passed this along to the District Administrator to act on. The people will at least have plenty of coconuts to eat.
Inevitably a plane saw a patch of debris many miles away from our position, and I had to steam 84 miles at top speed to look at few shredded branches. It also wasted the time of a 4-engine plane for five or six hours. Very discouraging.
Now I'm night-steaming near Saipan, and tomorrow shall be straight man (guide) for one of their "checkerboard" air searches.
Started out with ten planes today, all navy and coast guard. The Air Force is running its own show, staging planes from Japan through Iwo Jima. They will use an airborne RCC, but we'll monitor their circuits anyway, as a safety measure. Shortly after starting the checkerboard search referred to above, one of our planes reported definite aircraft wreckage inside the crater at Agrihan, strewn along the southeast wall.
Now I am making 21 knots for that island, and expect to arrive about 1715K, when it will already be dusk. Landing party will have to climb the mountain in the dark. Whitehurst yesterday evacuated all the inhabitants, so I'm asking him to obtain trail information from the native chief. Also asked RCC for an airdrop of batteries for my portable radios. Rayner and Bland are to lead the rescue party.
Passing Pagan, making good speed. We should be lying off Agrihan by 1632K. So far no reply to my request for batteries. I will not like sending those men on a dangerous task without radio. They will be out of visual signaling distance if the island wears its customary halo of cloud ... which the latest weather report indicates will be the case.
Diversions come at odd times: someone has found a large fruit-bat clinging to the anchor windlass. Body is about 8 inches long, covered with brown fur. Wings black and leathery furled like a wet umbrella ... probably a three foot span. The wind and spray of our going rattle his framework and he turns sleepy brown eyes on his tormentors. Helpless, and yet so feral!
The crater at Agrihan is erupting mildly.
It was with combined relief and disappointment that I read this message: disappointment because a job I knew the Hanna to be capable of had been taken out of my hands, relief that I need not risk any of my men in a dark climb up an unknown mountainside. The pilot's description of the crash scene virtually ruled out any chance of there being anyone alive, and I had to realize (time being no longer of the essence) that this was a job for professionals with full equipment.
[36 hours later] Things have not gone well for the landing party; the route they picked was not the best, and they have been taken off the island and relanded at another spot.
After transfer of the batteries, I went back to Asuncion for another look. This time the late afternoon sun had dissolved practically all of the cloud-cap. We still had hopes of locating the wreckage of the first plane. Nothing.
Tonight we have only one thing to be glad of ... that we're headed for Guam. I have just written the shortest night orders in my career (5 lines) and I made them so in order to write this before I collapse.
It's Christmas Eve, and I'm beginning to know what Christmas really means. The gift from Deity of part of Himself to live with us and be part of this world is the greatest and fairest gift ... its essence being the impossibility of return. Reciprocation thins. The gift should be sole.
Thus our (attempted) gift will have some value, and I can find peace, perhaps, in knowledge of the attempt, even though we failed. The people who loved those ill-starred flyers can never know, nor can they ever reciprocate, the effort of our brains and bodies these seven days past ... but it is a joyful gift to give.
As for death, I think only of it as only a comma in a long narrative.


text:
Retro Review: Operation C
A lot of early Gameboy action games didn't seem to be made with the limitations of the Gameboy's screen in mind. Operation C is a rare exception, with detailed graphics that don't just make everything hard to make out. It's a solid, though often ignored, entry into the Contra series.
Operation C's most important legacy has to be the Homing (or is it Hunter?) gun. I imagine it was added to give players a fighting chance on the crappy Gameboy screen, but it would be brought over to Contra III and serve as a useful weapon in many cases. Here, it's mostly just overpowered. It fires three shots like the Spread gun (though in Operation C you can get a second Spread gun for a normal 5-shot arc), and as the name implies, homes in on enemies. A lot of the challenge of Operation C is just trying to survive with the Homing gun long enough to get it to places it doesn't normally show up. There isn't a single opportunity to get a Homing gun in the last two stages, which is a pretty large chunk of a five-stage game!
More so even than Contra and Super C, Operation C is about memorization and figuring out patterns. Any given battle will generally go through your lives very quickly until you figure it out, at which point it becomes a breeze. It can take a while to get there, but it offers a good amount of challenge for such a short game. It may be a little too frustrating in places, with some truly unfair hit boxes on gun emplacements and the like, and unnecessarily difficult horizontal jumps.
The difficulty spikes are my only real issue with Operation C, but they did make me want to throw my Gameboy a few times. It's easier than Contra but took me longer to be able to get through, if that makes any sense. Otherwise, this is a shockingly solid action game for the Gameboy, which I encourage any Contra series fan to check out if they haven't already.
Review Score: B−
Game: Operation C
Retro Review: DuckTales (NES)
Retro Review: Ultima III: Exodus


text:
ARCHIVES 5/15 Inventory available online -- See links in "Arrangement"
AUTHOR : Dunagan, Nick
TITLE : Office of the Office of the Chancellor : Nick Dunagan
DATES :
SIZE : 1 box; 10 1/2 x 12 1/2 x 5
ARRANGEMENT : Records containing student information are not available for use.
Inventory available online.
HISTORY NOTE : Dr. Nick Dunagan was named Chancellor of the University of Tennessee at Martin by the UT Board of Trustees in April, 2001. Dunagan began his work at UT Martin in 1973 as director of development. His most recent job assignments included executive vice chancellor, vice chancellor for student affairs, and vice chancellor for development and administration. He has also served as interim chancellor three time (1985-86, 1997-98, 2000-01), and he currently serves as executive director of WestStar, the university's regional leadership program for West Tennessee. He is a member of the Martin Economic Development Council, the Seven-State Delta Regional Leadership Commission, and two national committees addressing student issues for the American
Association of State Colleges and Universities. A native of Caruthersville, Missouri, Dunagan is a 1968 UT Martin graduate, a 1971 graduate of the University of Missouri School of Law, and received a doctorate in higher education administration in 1990 from Vanderbilt University . He is a retired colonel in the Tennessee Army National Guard and is an active member in the Martin First United Methodist Church. He is married to the former Cathy Porter, a UT Martin graduate from Humboldt, Tennessee, and they have four children. The oldest son, Stan, and his wife, Stephanie, are both UT Martin graduates and live in Paris, Tennessee. Tracy Dunagan Vander Meeden, and her husband, Brett, are also UT Martin graduates who live in Nashville. Tracy and Brett have one daughter, Abby Sara, who is the Dunagan's first grandchild. The middle son, Casey, is an International Field Engineer working in Angola, Africa; and the youngest son, Cody, graduated from UT Martin in May 2002, and lives and works in Memphis.
SUBJECT : Dunagan, Nick
University of Tennessee at Martin -- History --
Martin (Tenn.) -- History.
Universities and colleges -- Tennessee -- Martin.
Education, Higher -- Tennessee.


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